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PREFACE.
“Kew, as it exists to-day, was formed by the fusion of two
distinct properties or domains, both Royal, but with entirely
different histories. They correspond roughly to the west and
east halves of the present gardens. The western half was known
as Richmond Gardens. 'The eastern half corresponds in great
part to the grounds of Kew House, and to this the name of Kew
Gardens was originally confined. The two properties were
separated by Love Lane, the ancient bridle road between Rich-
mond and Brentford Ferry." (Kew Bulletin, 1891, p. 281.)
Richmond Lodge or House had been granted in 1707 by Queen
Anne to the Duke of Ormonde. It was purchased from his
family by George II. when Prince of Wales. It was a favourite
residence of Queen Caroline, and was ultimately pulled down by
George III. about 1771.
Kew House had been the residence of Lord Capel of Tewkes-
bury, a brother of the Earl of Essex. It was leased by Frederick,
Prinee of Wales, and was the home of his widow, the Princess
Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, till her death. In 1759 she commenced
the scientific history of Kew by establishing a Botanic or, as it was
then called, a Physie Garden. George III. acquired the property,
and in 1803 pulled down Kew House also. He obtained two Acts
of Parliament empowering him to close Love Lane, but this was
apparently not finally accomplished till 1802. .
The area of the Gardens as they at present exist is something
under half a square mile. While the western half shows for the
most part little evidence of the soil having been ever disturbed by
cultivation, beyond being thickly planted with trees, this is not
the case with the eastern half, much of which has at one time or
another apparently been brought under the plough.
1000 Wt 25163 2/06 D&S 29 13757
iv
In 1873 a member of the Kew staff (Curator from 1886 to
1901), Mr. George Nicholson, F.L.S., compiled a list of the native
(and a few naturalised) plants occurring spontaneously at Kew.
This was published in the Journal of Botany for 1875. Mr. R. I.
Lynch, Curator of the Botanie Garden, Cambridge, also formerly a
member of the Kew staff, materially contributed to its complete-
ness from his own observations, and the late Lord de Tabley,
better known to botanists as the Hon. John Leicester Warren,
was keenly interested in it.
In the Kew Bulletin for 1897 (pp. 115-167) a first attempt was
made to catalogue the Mycologic Flora by Mr. G. Massee, F.L.S.,
a Principal Assistant in the Herbarium. The following passage is
quoted from the prefatory note :—
*Of the Royal Gardens themselves some 100 acres is little
disturbed by any kind of cultivation, and it has certainly remained
80 for at least a century and a half. Some portions may never
possibly have been subjected to cultivation at all. It is not sur-
prising therefore that in the background of horticultural treatment
there still subsists a wild fauna and flora of no inconsiderable
dimensions. This, as opportunity offers, it is proposed to work
out and catalogue from time to time.”
The Moss Flora was contributed to the Bulletin for 1899
(pp. 7-17) by Mr. E. S. Salmon, F.L.8.
Meanwhile Mr. Nicholson had steadily devoted his leisure hours
to the comprehensive scheme contemplated in 1897. He enlisted
the assistance of a number of scientific friends, specialists in
various groups, to whom he communicated his enthusiasm for the
work and without whose efficient help it would, even in a tentative
form, have been impossible of achievement.
I looked forward to this in Mr. Nicholson's hands with much
interest and satisfaction. Unhappily, the breakdown of his health
and his consequent retirement from the post of Curator in 1901
compelled him to abandon a labour to which he no longer felt
equal. Asthere was no immediate chance of anyone carrying it
on with Mr. Nicholson's energy, I decided to publish the material
he had accumulated as at any rate a starting point for further
research. I placed the papers in the hands of Mr. Pearson, M.A.,
F.L.S., who in the same year had been appointed an Assistant.
v
He succeeded in preparing them for, and partially seeing them
through the.press when he in turn was obliged to abandon the
task owing to his leaving for Cape Colony in 1903 to take up his
duties as Professor of Botany in the South African College.
Failing other assistance, I found it impossible to carry it to
completion till I had myself been relieved of administrative
duties.
It appears to me that it is of considerable interest to show what
a vast number of forms of life of the most varied kind may exist
together on what is relatively a microscopic speck of the earth’s
surface. This would be in the present case even more striking if
the enumeration were more complete than it can pretend to be.
Some groups have not been worked at all; this is the case with
the Diptera, and of the Hemiptera only the Coccide have been
catalogued. Others, it is obvious, have been only touched super-
ficially. The publication of what has been done may encourage
working naturalists to correct errors and to accomplish, as perhaps
has never been done yet, a complete census of every form of life
oceurring spontaneously in a small but well-defined area.
I am glad to take the opportunity of acknowledging gratefully
the assistance which has been given to those who have suc-
cessively had a hand in the work by a very large number of
individual workers in various branches of zoology and botany.
Some of the most important are enumerated in the following
“Table of Contents.” I see from the mass of correspondence
which has accumulated that there are a host of others, many
personally unknown to me, who have cheerfully rendered the
assistance which has been demanded of them on special points.
I find it impracticable to specify them all individually, and can
only beg them collectively to accept my appreciation of their aid.
W. T. THISELTON-DYER.
Kew, February, 1906.
vi
The abbreviations used are as follows :
A. Arboretum. This includes the whole of what was formerly
termed “ pleasure grounds."
B. Botanic garden. This division was formerly separated from
the arboretum by a wire fence, which ran near Unicorn
Gate, by north end of Pagoda vista, along eastern side of ash
collection to Palace lawn.
P. Palace and herbarium grounds.
Q. Queen's Cottage grounds.
R. Rock-garden.
Strip. This is the piece of ground between the wall and the
Thames, extending from end of herbarium grounds to the
end of Queen's Cottage grounds.
CONTENTS.
I.—FAUNA.
Mammalia. By A. H. Punnett, M.A. (See also p. 221)...
Aves. By W.H. Hudson .. a
Reptilia. By A. Günther, 1 Ph.D., F.R.S, ds
Amphibia. By A. Günther, Ph.D., F.R.S.
Pisces. By A. Günther, Ph.D, F.R.S.... — ..
Mollusca. By H. H. Brindley ..
Entomostraca. By D. J. Booka. F.R.M.S.
Myriapoda. By R. I. Pocock, F.Z.S. ..
Orthoptera. By W. J. Lucas, F.LS. ..
Neuroptera. By W. J. Lucas, F.L.S. ...
Coleoptera. By H. H. W. Pearson, F.L.S.
And D. Sharp, M.B., F.R.S.
Formicide. By Lt.-Col. C. T. Bingham
Coccide. By R. Newstead, A.L.S.
Lepidoptera. By R. South, F.E.S.
Galls. By Prof. J. W. H. Trail, F.R.S.
Oak-Galls. By R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S.
Araneidea. By Rev. O. Pickard- Cambridge, I F.R.S.
Acarina. By A. D. Michael, F.L.S. 5
Hydrachnidm. By Chas. D. Soar, F.R.M.S. ...
Scorpionidæ. By R. I. Pocock, F.L.S. vd
Annelida. By F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. .
Hirudinea. By Prof. Lankester, F.R.S.
Rotifera. By Chas. F. Rousselet, F.R.M.S.
Porifera. By R. T. Günther, F.L.S. ...
Protozoa. By F. E. Fritsch, D.Sc., F.L.S.
II.—FLORA.
Phanerogame. By G. Nicholson, F.L.S.
Filices. By G. Nicholson, F.L.S.
Muscines. By E. S. Salmon, F.LS. ...
epatiem. By Chas. H. Wright, A.L.S.
Lichenes. By O. V. Darbishire, M.A. .
Fungi. By G. Massee, F.L.S. (See also p. 225)
Myxogastres. By G. Massee, F.L.S.
Algm. By .E. Fritsch, D.Sc., F.LS. ...
APPENDIX.
Additional Coleoptera. By D. Sharp, M.B., F.R.S.
221
Ner
ARIES
THE WILD FAUNA AND FLORA
OF THE
ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
L—FAUNA.
1. MAMMALIA.
INSECTIVORA.
Erinaceus europaeus, L. ‘“ Hedge-hog.” Not uncommon in Q.
and elsewhere in the grounds.
Talpa europaea, Z. ‘Common Mole.” Formerly abundant
in Q.
CARNIVORA.
Canis vulpes, L. “Fox.” About 25 years ago a pair of foxes
ook up their abode in Q. and remained there for some time,
Ultimately one was — and the other left the neighbourhood,
In 1900 a male fox escaped from confinement in HMM and
remained at large in the gardens for two or three day
Mustela erminea, L. “Stoat” or “Ermine.” Not uncommon
Q.
M. vulgaris, Erzleben. “Weasel.” Not uncommon in A. and Q.
RODENTIA.
Lepus — dei “Common Hare." Two were shot
about 25 years ago, one in P., the other in A. In 1899 a third was
picked up : duh -M had ion been killed by eating twigs of
Coronilla Emer
L. cuniculus, L. “ Rabbit.” In spite of every effort to exter-
minate it, this animal still maintains a footing in A. and Q.
1000 Wt 25163 503 D&S 29 13757 ; A
2
Sciurus vulgaris, L. “Squirrel.” Common in A. and Q.
Mus sylvaticus, L. “ Wood-mouse." Abundant in rogkery and
elsewhere. Crocus corms form a favourite food. .
M. musculus, L. “Common Mouse."
M. decumanus, Pallas. * Brown Rat.”
Microtus agrestis, Lataste. “ Common Field Vole.”
M. = agn Lataste. “ Bank Vole.” Less common than the
precedin
M. M E Schrank. * Water Vole." Near the lake and
along the Ha-Ha. :
CHEIROPTERA.
——— e pipistrellus, Schreber. Common Bat” or “ Pipis-
e.” Common in roofs of buildings.
V. noctula, Schreber. In hollew trees in A.
2. AVES.
HE! W. H. Hudson.
very species n, including birds on passage travelling at a
dins désgbla height from the "earth and not very well identified.
he species here named are those only which inhabit or are
regular visitants to the gardens, together with such rarities as
o
re are some facts about the wild bird life of Kew besides
ion contained in the notes which are worth recording here.
One is the extraordinary abundance of the carrion crow at this
point. This crow is, generally speaking, the most perseeuted
sti in the kingdom, but = the neighbourhood of ree
is little molested and pao increased in recent years.
he gardens at any koir of the day and all the year round his
8 oa of care” may be heard from the tall eer and EN
3
heavy black form seen as he slowly wings his way from tree to
tree, But he is most abundant in the winter, when he is more
than at Ue seasons a river-side bird.
One evening during the spell ne ev cold in February, 1902,
I stood foran hour in the Queen's Cottage Grounds watching a
mixed gathering of birds on the piris edge of the river between
the Gardensand Syon Park. Besides small birds, mostly blackbirds
and song-thrushes, there were in the crowd twenty-one black-
[n ed crow, moor Most of the crows were
very busy just before sunset searching in the mud for something
e n the shallow water, prodding the mud an
out half-buried old rags and weeds and turning them
over. It wasastrange bird-gathering to see at a spot so near to
London, but the thirty-two crows er in ae Ea: were not
all the birds of that species at the spot. Other S caring fra from
the trees among which I stood, and a little dien up stre:
could see a second gathering SOHADOMe sed of about cT
common crows and one hooded crow.
It may be mentioned that the heron and carrion crow are the
two ro wild birds that survive as breeding species in the home
counties. The herons which -— close by in Richmond Park
are constant visitors to Kew
Another interesting point to be ed relates to mp local habits
and movements of the Kew birds. Thus, the green woodpecker
is fav aati haunt in the tall trees to the right “of the Queen’s
Cottage, where his drumming and “loud laugh” may be heard
throughout the summer. There, too, the jays are seen and their
woodlan e d o
Of the summer migrants the tree-pipit, lesser whitethroat, and
sedge warbler return year after year to the same tree, bush, an
cluster of reeds. Even so common and universal a species as the
chaffinch has the habit of uniting in small parties and flocks at
one spot, a little to the west of the temperate house. This house
itself has now become the home of a number of birds—robins,
hedge
an ddr life. The most interesting species in this connexion is
the pied wagtail. Several pairs breed annually in the gardens,
but in winter the local birds are joined by a iria of others
congregate in September, the number v varying in di fferen
from about 75 to about 150, and they roost — at ebd spot
until Spring w ne in March reaks up the company.
into their green safe shelter. Probably but for this ideal tiny
roosting-place most of these birds would migrate in winter,
It remains to speak of one other fact, perhaps the most ae di
esting of all—the large proportion of songsters among the speci
13757 A2
t
` that are residents i in, or regular summer visitants to, the Gardens.
These include our three common thru shes; the nightingale, hedge-
es o
to the lover = rere gives to Kew Gardens its principal charm.
wished it to be kept, in its present state, as a fragment of unspoilt
wildness, and the favourite haunt and breoding-place of all the
most attractive species of birds which inhabit Kew
PASSERES.
Turdus viscivorus, Z. “ Missel-Thrush." Resident throughout
the year; not so common as throstle and blackbird.
T. musicus, L. “ Throstle or Song-Thrush. " Common through-
out the year. Frequently breeds in pages and Winter
A oeni Aai use of ventilators for exit and en e.
T. pilaris, L. ‘“ Fieldfare.” A winter visitor. In some seasons
a considerable number have been seen feeding on fruits of
Crataegus,
T. merula, p “ Blackbird.” Abundant oo the year.
Several years ago an albino male was noted: it mated and the
was very shy and kept out of sight as much as possible ; its young
were more or less marked with white. The Seas has also bred
in bushes in conservatory and Winter Garden
Pratincola rubicola, Z. * Stonechat.”
Ruticilla phoenicurus, L. “Redstart.” This is a regular visitor
and may be seen in A. and Q.—where it bree ds.
Erithacus rubecula, “Robin.” Very common Bailds
sometimes in plant houses on the stages close to the paths.
Daulias luscinia, ZL. “ Nightingale.” From about middle of
oe p dot in P. and Q.—where nests have been
via cinerea, Bechstein. * Whitethroat." Common in A, P. Q:
The ‘young of the cuckoo have been observed in nests of this
5
S. curruca, L. “Lesser Whitethroat." The nests of this species
have xis Des ently seen in brambles, &c., in Q., not so common
as the last-named.
S. atricapilla, L. “ Blackcap.” More frequent in Q. than in any
of the other divisions.
8. a Bechstein. “Garden Warbler.” As common as the
blackea
Melizophilus undatus, Boddaert. “ Dartford Warbler.” Twenty
five years ago this species used to breed amongst dense rom
bushes in A. Has not been aene now for many years
Regulus cristatus, K. L. Koch. *“ Golden-crested Wren or Gold-
crest.” The pretty pendent nest of this species is generally found
the lower nch
in yew trees at on nded from bra of
: m d 2 e of little more than 6 the ground in one
st frequented parts of lapi gardens, Was vicine cd never
Phylloscopus rufus, Bechstein. “ Chiffchaff." DN the
first of the summer songsters heard in the gardens. Comm
P. trochi ilus, L. “ Willow-Wren.” This gei Ah "i the
chiffchaff and is the commonest warbler in the garde
P. sibilatrix, Bechstein. “ Wood-Wren." A pair came annually
until 1899 to the oak and beech wood near Temperate House,
where the song of the male was heard all day long in summer.
Acrocephalus streperus, Vieillot. ‘“‘Reed-Warbler.” By the lake
d along river bank. Heard by Mr. W. H. Hudson in 1900.
Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechstein. “Sedge-W Not
uncommon by the lake and river, also along the river —— Ti of 0.
Aceietor modul L. “Hedge-Sparrow.” Common. This
has bred in wet. 'azaleas in conservatory, making use of the
ventilators for exit and entrance. Young cuckoos have been
found in the nests of this bird.
Acredula rosea, L. “Long-tailed Titmouse.” This is best seen
in winter when flocks of eight or ten may be observed carefully
searching the iar of larches and other trees for the insects on
which they feed. A.Q. A flock of 10 birds seen Nov. 20, 1901.
Parus major, L. “Great Titmouse.” Not infrequent in A.
and Q .
P. britannicus, L. * Coal-Titmouse." uen numerous than the
blue and great titmouse, but not uncommo
P. palustris, L. “ Marsh-Titmouse." Seen occasionally.
P. coeruleus, L. “Blue Titmouse.” The commonest of the tits
at Kew.
6
Sitta caesia, Wolf. “Nuthatch.” This breeds in Q., and in
search of food visits every portion of the gardens. It has bred in
a hollow tree in the garden of Dr. A. Günther, and ased to visit
daily another garden near the Kew Gardens railway station where
nuts and other food were placed for it.
Troglodytes parvulus, K. L. Koch. “Wren.” Not uncommon.
A pair build annually and often bring off two broods in the
southern wall-like boundary of that part of the rockery dedicated
to the cultivation of marsh plan
Motacilla Aie Taea * Pied Wagtail.” A constant
resident. Not Nests have been built—and young
brought ofi ibn: gum rm plants in the vases of the
kinie between the Palm House and the pond No other species
of wagtail has been noted at Kew
Anthus trivialis, L. “ boh S 5n nun visitant, may be
heard in two or three places every sum
Lanius collurio, L. “Red-backed Shrike.” A few years ago a
pair of this species nested and bred near the Palace not far from
a hive of bees and destroyed large numbers of the insects
Muscicapa grisola, L. “Spotted Flycatcher.” A pair or two
in each of the divisions.
Hirundo rustica, L. “Swallow.” Nests of this species have
been built against the rafters of cart-sheds, &c., and also in the
large coke-shed in the shaft-yard.
P ttes urbica, L. * ez " This has nested against buildings
n the Gardens out of doo
Certhia er me D > A. A constant resident,
not uncomm
. Carduelis elegans, Stephens. “Goldfinch.” Frequently seen
in Q., rarely noticed away from that division.
Chrysometris spinus, L. “Siskin.” In winter small flocks of
this pretty little bird may sometimes be seen feeding on the alder
trees by the sides of lake, and also along the river bank.
Ligurinus Chloris, Z. “Greenfinch.” Not uncommon.
constant resident. It is difficult sometimes to kee green
finch away from various cruciferous plants in the herbaceous
collection—it is oin fond of the seeds of radish and those
of most of the Brass
Coccothraustes vulgaris, Pallas. “Hawfinch.” A very shy bird
and consequently not often seen. On two occasions
within the
last reed years dead ones have been picked up in the Arboretum,
eac
in winter. A pair seen in garden of Keeper of.
ac winter 1900-1.
domesticus, Z. “House-Sparrow.” The commonest
bird at Kew and the most destructive one. It seems impossible
7
by destroying nests, &c., to appreciably lessen its numbers. For
the yellow crocus being goror much more attacked than the
blue or white ones. Anemone “aien uit an 4e colours - —
badly suffered from the Setya s of the A specimen was
seen Nov. 29th, 1901, with half the bk í egik white ERRE
Fringilla coelebs, L. “ Chaffinch.” Very common, but curiously
local in the gardens. The remarks under greenfinch are equally
applicable to this species.
F. montifringilla, Z. * Brambling." In some winters large
numbers of this bird have been observed feeding on the beech-
mast in A. and Q.
Linota cannabina, L. “Linnet.” This ^ne bred in Q. and has
been recently noted there by Dr. A. Günth
Pyrrhula europaea, Vieillot. **Bullfinch." A constant resident.
A few pairs are always present within our limits
Emberiza citrinella, Z. * Yellowhammer." This has not been
observed nesting within our limits; not unfrequent on some of
the commons in the neighbourhoo
Sturnus vulgaris, L. “Starling.” Common, breeding regularly
in holes of trees and in roofs of buildings.
Se us glandarius, L. “Jay.” Twenty-five "pem ago the jay
s M mon at ok and the magpie quite comm No sees
Ue is the case—the jay breeds regularly and may be heard
d seen almost at any time. E March 17th, 1897, i denen a
flock of eight near Bamboo Gard
Pica rustica, Scopoli. * et Formerly common, breeding
annually 25 years ago in wood. Now rarely seen; one noted
August, 1897.
Corvus monedula, L. “Jackdaw.” Until within a few years ago
several pairs used to breed in large old elms on the “strip” near
Brentford Ferry Gate. The damage inflicted on the dod by storms
destroyed these breeding places, but the birds continue to build
nests and rear their young in holes in tree trunks in Q.
C. corone, L. “Carrion Crow." A rather common bird and
troublesome on account of the i it commits on the eggs and
young of the prosmontel waterfowl. Breeds in tops of tall elms
and other trees in A., P., and Q. (ade in | spite of the fact that every
se rt is mes to duds its numbe
ix, L.: “Hooded Crow." zn winter visitor, feeding on
de mile left by the tide, and associating with the carrion
crow.
C. frugilegus, L. “Rook.” A regular visitor, does not breed
within our limits.
Alauda arvensis, Z. “Skylark.” This probably remains
throughout the year in Syon Park and other open places near
Kew. It is not uncommon
PICARIAE.
Cypselus , L. “Swift.” So far as known this does not
breed within our limits, but it may be seen any summer day flying
in the garden
Ca V EA europaeus, L Gey Nightjar.” During t the summer
months, the * curious reeling, spinning, or whirring song” may be
heard i in or about the Queen’s Cottage grounds after sunset.
Dendrocopus minor, L. “Lesser Spotted Woodpecker.. Ta
resident in the Queen's Cottage Grounds where oud s
chirping notes may be heard all the year alii the "bird pel
is exceedingly difficult to see.
Gecinus viridis, L. “Green Woodpecker.” This breeds regularly
: e between Azalea Garden and Rhododendron Valley, as well
n Q.
ple torquilla, Z. “Wryneck.” This species breeds in the
gardens and has also bred in Dr. Giinther’s garden in Lichfield
Road, — the Victoria Gate and Kew Gardens Railway
Statio
Alcedo ispida, L. “Kingfisher.” One specimen caught in
Museum No. l. Sept. 1898. A frequent visitor to ornamental
water near Museum 1. Not unfrequent round lake
Cueulus ca L. “Cuckoo.” Young cuckoos have been
noted in nate of 1 hedge sparrow, whitethroat, throstle and black-
ird.
STRIGES.
Strix flammea, L. “ Barn-Owl" Generally at home in Q.
where they breed in old trees; their casts are very frequently
found under old ivy clad trees in various parts of the grounds.
Syrnium aluco, L. “Tawny Owl.” In Queen's Cottage Grounds.
ACCIPITRES.
Accipiter nisus, L. “Sparrow-Hawk.” Quite a frequent visitor.
Tinnunculus cenchris, L. “Kestrel.” A casual visitor.
Pandion haliaetus, L. “Osprey.” Seen by Dr. A. Günther in
Oct. 1899. A few days later reported in “Standard” as having
been seen in Richmond Park.
HERODIONES.
Ardea cinerea, L. “Heron.” een does not breed within our
dee but I have seen about a at one time on trees in Q. and
n Old Deer Park. A common "nitor to the lake.
ANSERES.
Anas boseas, L. “Mallard.” Wild visitors have frequently
settled and bred on islands in lake and also in
COLUMBAE.
Columba palumbus, L. * Wood-Pigeon." Breeds — in
all the divisions. Of late years has become exceedingly tame. In
winter flocks of many hundreds come to feed on the acorns and
beech mast in A. and Q.
C. œnas, L. *Stock-Dove." This breeds in A. near pumping
station meh also in Q.
urtur communis, Selby. “Turtle-Dove.” An unfailing summer
visitor to the Queen’s Cottage Grounds where its monotonous low
creoning note may be heard every day from oh to August.
Phasianus colchicus, Z. “Pheasant.” Breeds in Q. ek or
eight fully grown birds have frequently been seen Er one tim
Perdix cinerea, Latham. “Partridge.” One or two broods are
seen annually—generally in Q.
FULICARIAE.
Rallus aquaticus, L. “ Water-Rail.” On Feb. 21st, 1897, one
flew t the € of —À L, and killed itself by dashing
against the glass door of one of the cases—this bird was in all
oe bability being Saar at the time by a ha wk.
Crex pratensis, Bechstein. “ Corncrake.” The call of this bird
may be heard almost any spring day in the meadows of Syon
House—opposite the Queen’s Cottage Grounds. Much more rarely
it has been heard in Q. (May 1901)
Gallinula chloropus, L. **Moorhen." A considerable number
of broods are hatched annually both in pond and lake. The old
moorhens kill many of the young of some of the rarer species of
ucks which venture amongst the reeds near their nests.
Fulica atra, L. “Coot.” Not an uncommon visitor to the lake.
Not a permanent resident like the moorhen
LIMICOLAE.
Tringoides hypoleucus, L. “ Veron oe aedi Now and then met
. with along banks of river within our limits. ,
Seolopax rusticula, L. “Woodcock.” A specimen of this bird
was caught in Q. 12 years ago.
10
GAVIAE.
Sterna fluviatilis, Naumann. “Common Tern.” A tern which
is believed to be this species is not n d seen along the
Thames within our limits.
e argentatus, J. F. Gmelin. “Herring-Gull.” Of late
ars large numbers of this an come regularly up the Thames
d i many settle on a lake and pond. Indeed some of these
wild creatures are tamer than many E eid pinioned ones which
have been placed on VR pieces of wa
Larus canus, L. “Common Gull.” iis is abundant too along
the Thames and many settle on the pond near Museum I., where
they feed with the other water-fowl.
Larus ridibundus, L. * Black-headed Gull.” The most abundant
species along the Thames. A frequent visitor to the lake and
pond. In its winter bee it is almost impossible to tell this
species from the common gu
PYGOPODES.
Colymbus glacialis, L. “ Great Northern Diver." Thirty years
ago one of these birds was shot on the lake. '
Trachybaptes fluviatilis, Tunstall. “ Little Grebe.” This breeds
regularly amongst rushes, &c., along the margin of the lake.
Fratercula arctica, L. “Puffin.” In February, 1891, a bird of
the previous year was caught on the side of the Thames by
Brentford Ferry Gate; this specimen had probably followed the
fortunes of the gulls which now regularly come up the Thames
in considerable numbers
3. REPTILIA.
LACERTILIA.
Lacerta vivipara. Common lizard.
OPHIDIA.
Tropidonatus natrix, L. “The Common Snake." The las
imen seen—one nearly two feet in length—was killed enn a
workman many years ago.
4, AMPHIBIA.
URODELA.
SALAMANDROIDEA.
Triton taeniatus, Schneider.
T. cristatus, Laur. Both this and the preceding are common
in and near water in several places within our limits,
il
ANURA.
ARCIFERA,
Bufo vulgaris, Laur. “The Common Toad. "
Hyla rubra, Daud. Introduced in a Wardian case from Dominica,
July, 1898.
Hylodes martinicensis, Tschudi. The following account of this
species was published in “ Nature,” October 31st, 1895, p. 643 :—
“A short time ago Mr. W. Watson, the Assistant Curator of
Kew Gardens, informed me that he had noticed for several years,
in some of the hot-houses, specimens of a sma frog, which,
the spe
s ago I had ‘the pleasure of receiving three specimens in
pa condition.
* The D is Ap ylodes Lene Arse a small arboreal species,
distributed and s on in many West Indian Islands
(Martinique, Porto Ric , St. Vincent, Do ominica, Barbados, &c.,
it fest ee n years ago, that he lost sight of it for some time,
but that it denies about four or five years ago. Taking is
consideration the few facts with which we are acquainted as t
the reproduction of this frog, it — a probable that sev e
specimens of both sexes were, on more than one occasion acci-
dentally introduced in Wardian aim
«* However that may be, it is evident that the frogs have freely
propagated since their introduction. At present they are most
numerous in the propagating houses, in which the temperature
ranges between 80 degrees and 100 degrees sinking in winter at
by the sound, I had soon the Sim sure of seeing one of them
clinging to the side of a glass cage
* There is nothing extraordinary in the accidental importation
of individuals of a tropical species of frog into Europe, but it is
an interesting experience that the Ape should have permanently
established itself. This is owing, in the first place, to the favour-
able conditions under which it found itself placed, and, secondly,
to the peculiar mode of its propagation
* Hylodes MEN and probably the majority of its
congeners, does not spawn in water, but deposits aipa = to 30
ova on leaves in cdita places. After a fortnight the y
are hatched in a perfect form, having passed t thro edic: the meta-
morphosis within the egg, thus escaping the vicissitudes an
danger to which they woah have been exposed du um the
12
“This instance of the acclimatisation in Kew Gardens of the
‘Coqui’ (as the frog is called in Porto Rico) is unique in
"onbres life at present. I trust that the little guest may long
rish where it has found such a congenial home, and where ©
it oliy aids in the destruction of plant-eating "insects and
woodlice, of which I found great numbers in the stomach of a
specimen. . —Albert Günther.
FIRMISTERNA.
Rana temporaria, L. *' The Common Frog." Not abundant.
Polypedates quadrilineatus, Wiegm. Introduced with living
plants from Singapore, 1899. Dr. A. Günther writes concerning
this :—‘ A common species of tree-frog widely dispersed through-
out the East Indian Archipelago and Malayan Peninsula. I have
never previously seen it alive.
5. PISCES.
Cottus gobio, L. * Miller's Thumb.”
Gastrosteus aculeatus, L. “ Three-spined Stickleback.”
G. pungitius, L. *Nine-spined Stickleback,”
Leuciscus rutilus, L. “ Roach.”
L. phoxinus, L. “ Minnow.”
Tinca tinca, L. var. * Golden Tench.”
Alturnus alburnus, L. “Bleak.”
Esox lucius, L. ‘ Pike.”
Salmo fario, L. “Trout.”
Anguilla anguilla, L. * Eel." A specimen taken from the Palm
M € in the summer of 1902 weighed 6lbs. 20z. and was
With the exception of the aea and trout, the above species are
all immigrants from the Tham
6. MOLLUSCA.
GASTEROPODA.
Milax Sowerbyi, Fér.
Agriolimax agrestis, L. “Field Slug.”
Limax. maximus, L. “ Big grey Slug.”
Vitrina pellucida, Müll.
Vitrea lucida, Drap.
V. cellaria, Müll.
V. alliaria, Miller.
Arion ater, L. “ Black Slug."
A. hortensis, Fér.
Pyramidula rotundata, Müll.
Testacella scutulum Sby.
T. haliotidea, Drap.
Vallonia pulchella, Müll.
var. costata, Müll.
Hygromia hispida, L.
H. rufescens, Pennant.
Helicella cantiana, Montagu.
H. itala, L.
H. virgata, Da Costa.
H. caperata, Montagu.
Helicigona arbustorum, Z.
Helix hortensis, Müll. * Garden Snail.”
H. nemoralis, L. “ Wood Snail.”
H. aspersa, Müll. * Common Snail.”
Stenogyra PUET Miller. Palm House, March, 1898. A West
Indian specie
Cochlicopa lubrica, Müll.
Pupa cylindracea, Da Costa.
Subulina octona, Chemn. Common in the propagating pits
where it was first seen in 1884. A widely distributed tropical
species.
Limnaea stagnalis, L.
L. auricularia, L.
L. pereger, Müll.
L. palustris, Müll.
Physa fontinalis, L.
P. acuta, Drap. Introduced from Tropical America.
Planorbis corneus, L.
P. umbilicus, Müll.
P. carinatus, Müll.
P. vortex, L.
P. contortus, Z.
P. albus, L.
Segmentina nitida, Müll.
Neritina fluviatilis, 7.
Bithynia tentaculata, L.
Vivipara contecta, Millet.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Dreissensia polymorpha, Pallas.
Anodonta cygnea, L. “ Freshwater Mussel.”
Sphaerium corneum, L.
S. lacustre, Müll.
7. ARTHROPODA.
CRUSTACEA.
ENTOMOSTRACA.
By D. J. Scourfield, F.R.M.S.
The following list of the Entomostraca living in Kew Gardens
is the result of the examination of a series of collections made at
the end of December, 1901, and in January, May, August and
October, 1902. It comprises distributed among
the orders as follows :—Cladocera 21, Branchiura 1, Ostracoda 12,
nly i
gardens is extraordinarily rich for such a limited area. But the
list also contains a few species of more than ordinary Dese
The chief of these is, perhaps, the blind Harpacticid Belisari
viguiert, found in the — collected at the bases of the Sissi in
Bromeliaceous plants, and in the pitchers of the Pitcher plants.
Another noteworthy species i Pionocypris tur, gida, which no
doubt been introduced, probably from Australasia. It is the ed
example of an exo! otic tomes dune found in
Canthocamptus bidens is a species not previously found in this
Pleuroxus ad
iry serrulatus and Pleuro.
although found elsewhere before being taken at Kew, have not
hi been definitely recorded as British. Other rare or little
known tonoa are Ilyocryptus agilis, Alonella exigua, Potamo-
cypris , Eurytemora lacinulata, E. affinis, and ig ipu
bistriatus. Mt of value could be done in regard to any of
15
the numerous problems awaiting solution in connection with
these animals, but the appearance of males and ephippial females
of the Cladocera were duly noted and have been referred to under
the different species. It would be a very interesting piece of
t
tanks in the gardens, such as the tank near the Jodrell Laboratory,
the Victoria regia tank,. &c. Such an investigation would
undoubtedly throw light on many obscure points relating to the
bionomics of these creatures.
PHYLLOPODA.
: Cladocera.*
Sida, Straus.
8. erystallina, O.F.M. Only seen from the lake. Specimens
fairly abundant i in October.
Diaphanosoma, Fischer.
D. brac achyurum, Liévin. A few specimens only seen (in August)
from the pond in front of Museum No. 1.
Daphnia, O.F. M.
D. pulex, De Geer. "Tank near Jodrell Laborato ory. Apparently
present tiroughout the year, but in very varying abundance.
ce ,
abundant 31st May, much scarcer 23rd August, and only a
5b :
ephippial females in December and August. The males were of
the typical pulex type with one long trailing process from back of
abdomen
D. longispina, O.F.M. Two or three specimens (one with
ephippium) of a form almost exactly similar to that miya by
oma on Table XIV., Figure 2 of the Clad. Suec., were
aine ea from ed lake on 3rd Janua ary. The species has not
in met with aga
D. hyalina, Leydig. A small form, about j^ without shell spine,
only found in the pond in front of Museum No. I. ;
each collection iret DEI to August, but had apparently
disappeared in Octob
Scapholeberis, Schoedler.
S. mucronata, O.F M. Pond in front of Museum No. I., and
the lake. All the specimens seen were of the cornuta type.
They occurred pretty abundantly in the lake in Octoher, several
carrying ephippia.
* W. Lilljeborg's “Cladocera Sueciae,” Upsala, 1900. has in the main re
followed for the nomenclature of this order.
Simocephalus, Schoedler.
8. vetulus, "n F.M. A common em recorded from the lake,
pond in front of Museum No. water-ily pond, tank near
Jodrell pe aat ea and the enis diteh (south of Isleworth
| Ferry A aste Ephippial females were observed in May and
Augus
8. exspinosus, Koch, ? De Geer. Victoria regia tank, tank in
Winter Garden, and the riverside ditch (both north and "south of
Isleworth Ferry Gate). Not such a common species as the fore
going, but it occurred in considerable numbers in the Victoria
regia tank in October
S. serrulatus, Koch. Seen only in the lake. Ephippial
females obtained in October. This is decidedly a rare British
: in :
e Since taken the species in Anglesey and at Richmond Park.
he Royal
Microscopical Society and Quekett Microscopical Club, and m
noticed in the lists of exhibits.
Ceriodaphnia, Dana.
C. reticulata, Jurine. The lake. Only noticed in October.
C. pulchella, Sars. Pond in front of Museum No. I. August.
This is the form I have hitherto recorded as C. quadrangula
(O.F.M.), but ita appears from Lilljeborg's monograph that it is
really Sars's C. pulchella, while on the other hand the species I
have recorded as C. pulchella should be C. quadrangula. The
two foris it sod hardly be said are extremely closely allied.
Bosmina, Baird.
B. € O.F.M. Occurs pretty constantly in the pond in
front of Museum No. I. Also seen from the lake. Usually the
Specimens were gm typical longirostris, but in the pond m
p
3lst May were approaching the cornuta type, and o
23rd pei all were of this varie mo
Ilyoeryptus, Sars.
u
Quekett Micro. Club, ser. 2, vk 5, pp. 429 y Since then I
have found it three times in the open, namely, in Rollesby and
A ee Visage 1898, and in the Basingstoke Canal near
Weybridge, 1
Eurycercus, Baird. :
.. EK. lamellatus O.F.M. The lake and the water-lily pond.
17
Acroperus, Baird.
A. harpae, Baird. The lake, pond in front of Museum No. I.,
water-lily pond, and the riverside ditch.
Alona, Baird (= Lynceus, Lillj.).
A. affinis, Leydig. Pond in front of Museum No. I.
A. guttata, Sars. The lake.
sie Sars. The lake and pond in front of Museum
o
Graptoleberis, Sars.
G. testudinaria, r The lake, water-lily pond, and tank
near Jodrell Labora
Alonella, Sars.
E exigua, Lill eng Water-lily pond. Although 4. exigua
as recorded as British by Norman and Brady in 1867, it is just
souls that they "ga not =a have this species but only the
commoner A. ezcisa, and as n e else seems to have recorded it
— T. Scott definitely states that all the forms referred to by him
exigua were actually A. excisa), the e sent may the
first definite record of the species in this country.
A. rostrata, Koch. Pond in front of Museum No. I.
cepe Baird.
laevis, Si sia z FM in front of Museum No. I., and tank near
J — Laborato
x ecd ore Riverside ditch (north of Isleworth
Ferry Gate).
P. uncinatus, Baird. Pond in front of Museum No. I.
neus, Jurine. The lake and the riverside ditch. Although
iters on our native Entomostraca, so far as I am aware
under P. trigonellus.
Chydorus, Leach.
C. globosus, Baird. Pond in front of Museum No. I., and the
riverside ditch (south of Isleworth Ferry Gate). A male 7 was seen
in January from the first-named locality.
C. sphaericus, O.F.M. Found in nearly every locality examined,
including the cups formed by the leaves of Bromeliaceous plants.
Ephippial females were seen at end of May in one of the in
the winter garden
BRANCHIURA.
Argulus, O.F.M.
oliaceus, Linn. This well-known fish parasite was found
in the lake by Mr. C. F. Rousselet.
13757 B
18
OSTRACODA.*
Cypria, Zenker. .
C. ophthalmica, Jurine. The lake, ie in front of Museum
No. L, and tank near Jodrell Laboratory
Cyelocypris, Brady and Norman.
C. serena, Koch. Riverside ditch.
Oypris, OFM — —
C. incongruens, Ramdohr. Only seen from one of the corner
„tanks in the water-lily house.
C. obliqua, Brady. Victoria Bay tank, and one or ar of the
corner tanks in the water-lily hou
Herpetocypris, Brady and Norman.
H. reptans, Baird. Riverside ditch (south of Isleworth Ferry
Gate).
Pionocypris, Brady and Norman.
P vidua, O.F.M. The lake, one of the corner tanks in water-
lily house, tank near Jodrell Laboratory, and the riverside ditch.
P. turgida, Sars. Victoriaregia tank,and Azolla tank in water-
lily house. This species, described as 0% ypridopsis turgida by
*G. O. Sars in 1894, has only been found hitherto in New Zealand
and Australia. It is the only unequivocal case of an exotic Ento-
.mostracon known to be living in Kew Gardens.
Potamocypris, Brady.
P.fulva, Brady. This rather rare British species was seen on
one occasion only in the lake.
Notodromas, Lilljeborg.
aas a O.F.M. Riverside ditch (south of Isleworth Ferry
te).
Ilyocypris, Brady and Norman.
iL. biplieata, Koch (= I. bradii, Sars). Tank near Jodrell
Laboratory.
: Candona, Baird.
p esa Koch. Riverside ditch (south of Isleworth Ferry
ate
C. fabaeformis, Fischer. Corner tanks in water lily house.
Norman's * “Monograph of the Marine and Freshwater
water Ostracoda
LED W. Europe," 1889 and 1896, has been followed as fara
19
COPEPODA.*
Diaptomus, Westwood.
D. gracilis, Sars. The lake,and pond in front of Museum No. I.
Eurytemora, Giesbrecht.
E. lacinulata, Fischer. The lake; only seen on one occasion,
E. affinis. » Poppe. Riverside ditch (north of Isleworth Ferry
Gate). This Species is only found as a rule in brackish water or
in water having occasional connection with brackish water. | Its
occurrence in the riverside ditch is COM OR iro bits due to mo
occasional influx of Thames water
Cyclops, O.F. M. 4^
C. strenuus, Fischer. The lake, pond in front of Museum No. I
one of the corner tanks in water-lily bouse, and tank near Jodrell
Laboratory. The form occurring in the pond just referred to was
always of the vicinus type.
C. leuckarti, Claus. Seen only in the lake.
C. oithonoides, Sars. Victoria regia tank, piel and one or
two of the corner tanks in the water-lily hous
C. viridis, Jurine. The gigas form occurred in the lake, aiia-
lily pond, tank near Jodrell Laboratory, and the riverside ditch.
he brevicornis form was found in the lake, pond in front of
Museum No. I., and in the central tank in the water-lily house.
C. bieolor, Sas. Water-lily pond and riverside diteh (south of
Isleworth Ferry Gate).
scus, Jurine. Tank near Jodrell Laboratory and Pheer c
dite besar of Isleworth Ferry Gate).
C. albidus, Jurine. A common species occurring in the majority
of the collections made.
C. bistriatus, Koch (= C. distinctus, Richard). Riverside ditch
(south of Isleworth Ferry Gate). This is the peculiar form, a
, deem hybrid Neo C. Sees and C. albidus, first recorded
as Britis “The Entomostraca of Epping Forest”-—
hoes Nascar 1898, p. 325).
^ C. serrulatus, Fischer. A common species found in most of the
collections s except those from soo indoor warm water tanks. So
as wa rved, only the varius and macruroides lr ao of
Liljeborst borat the trinet benig much the commoner.
C. prasinus, Jurine. The tank near the Jodrell Laboratory i is
the only eos where this rather rare species has been seen.
* 0. Schmeil’s * Deutschlands freilebende. Süsswasser-Copepoden ed ,1892-1897,
followed as far as posible for this Order.
+ “Synopsis specierum ..... . ee r; Oyolopia" "E s
13757 ds En
Canthocamptus.
C. staphylinus, Jurine. The lake and the water-lily pond.
C. minutus, Claws. Only obtained from the lake; on one
occasion by washing damp moss from near the water's edge.
C. trispinosus, Brady. Tank near Jodrell Laboratory and the
riverside ditch.
jointed instead of two. This is certainly a difference of some
importance, according to the accepted ideas as to the value of the
structure of the feet for specific determination, but it seems impos-
sible to place this single character against all the others. This is
a new record for the British fauna.
Nitocra, Boeck.
N. hibernica, Brady. Pond in front of Museum No. I.
Belisarius, Maupas.
account of the structure does not agree with what I find in my
specimens. A possible explanation of these differences in a single
character may be that both Mrázek and Hartwig had examples in
different stages of development, neither being quite adult.
MALACOSTRACA.
Asellus aquaticus, L. Lake.
Oniscus asellus, L. “ Woodlouse.”
21
Trichoniscus roseus. Rockery.
Armadillo vulgaris, 7.
Porcellio scaber, Latr.
Philoscia muscorum, Scop.
ANTENNATA.
By R. I. Pocock, F.Z.S.
MYRIAPODA.
CHILOPODA (Centipedes).
Lithobius forficatus, = ex all the divisions. “Common every-
where throughout Eur
Cryptops hortensis, Leach. , Herbaceous ground “Common
throughout temperate Europe.
C. anomolans, Newp. Among grass roots close to wall of Old
Palace, December, 1898. Also in frame ground, Herbaceous
department. “ This species belongs typically to the fauna of the
Mediterranean area and has hitherto not been met with elsewhere
= Great Britain, nor so far north as London in any country of
urope.
wer cR morsicans, L. Introduced amongst living plants
from Ind
S. subspinipes, Leach. Introduced from the Tropics.
Geophilus flavus, De Geer (G. longicornis, Leach). ** Common
throughout Europe."
G. electricus, Z. “A European ial but not common in
England.”
G. sp. In rotten wood at south end of He rbaceous ground,
* Apparently not identifiable with any British species.”
Mecistocephalus punctifrons, Newp. “Imported probably from
India.”
Stigmatogaster subterraneus, Leach. Amongst old ere end
of Herbaceous ground. “A common British species
DIPLOPODA (Millipedes).
Polydesmus complanatus, L. Common in cool plant houses and
elsewhere.
Brachydesmus superus, e. * Common in the south of
England and in central Euro
22
Orthomorpha coarctata, Sauss. Arboretum.
0. gracilis, Koch. “This species and the nA are world
wide in their distribution owing to artifical importation
0. Kelaarti, Humb. Imported amongst living plants from
Ceylon. :
Iulus teutonieus, Poc. Rockery, Herbaceous ground, &c.
* Common in the south of England and Western Europe."
I. punctatus, Leach. Herbaceous ground. “A common European
Species." m =
Blaniulus guttulatus, Bose. — in all the divisions. A
common European species.
Typhloiulus sp.? Amongst rotten scone south end of Herba-
ceous ground; ;
Shins Goési, Porat. “Distributed all over the world by
human Yi :
inocricus monilicornis, Porat. Importe ed from Barbados
amongst living plants. “Known also from Demerara, Hayti and
Bermuda.'
R. Vincenti, Poc. Introduced in October, 1900, amongst living
mre eum r^ Vincent, West Indies, * First record of the Species
in Brita
Sevri = ? In stoves. . Probably imported from the
Oriental region
INSECTA.
ORTHOPTERA.
By W. J. Lucas, B.A., F.E.S.
Of about thirty-nine species of the Order M oes that ie
be looked upon as British—i.c., that breed in this country—se
only have so i been recorded from Kew, and some o ee
wigs—Anisolabis annulipes, Lucas; Labia n
Forficula auricularia, Linn.; and four Cockroaches—Ph yllo-
drumia germanica, Linn. ; Blatta orientalis, Linn. ; B. ameri-
cand, Linn. ; and B. australasiae, Fabr. On the other hand, from
be considered British, have been found, generally in packages
arewa Levis from abroad. Such introductions are of course
to xpec
Of British species not yet found, search during a season or two
would no doubt bring to light most of the foliseing as denizens
of Kew :—Apterygida arachidis, Yers. (in houses); Ectobia
lapponica, Poem ; Stenobothrus lineatus, Panz.; S. viridulus,’
JS. bicolor, Charp.; S. parallelus, Zeii.; Gomphocerus
tesi rtc mr ; Tettiz bipunctatus, Linn. ; IO bd pune-;
yeraz Bosc. (on bushes); Meconema varium, Fabr. (on oak,
3 4
l. Blatta nd vile nat. size. 4. Chelisoches morio. d (x 3).
2. Blatta americana, Z., nat, size. 5. gramen: annulipes, Luc. 9 (x 3).
Be odus morio, Sm 9 (x 8). . Anisolabis annulipes, antenna,
13757
23
lime, &c.) ; ` Gryllus domesticus, Linn, (in houses) ; and Gryllo-
aig gryllotalpa, Linn. Less likely, but still possible, are :—
Forficula lesnei, Finot ; Apterygida albipennis, Meg. ( (on flowers) ;
Ectobia livida, Fabr. ; Stenobothrus rufipes, Zett.; S. elegans,
harp. ; Gomphocerus rufus, Linn.; Locus usta viridissima, Linn. ;
Thamnotrizon cinereus, Linn.; Platycleis grisea, Fabr. ; P. bra-
chyptera, Lipi s and Gryllus campestris, Linn. Details of
records follow
1. Anisolabis ammalia, Lucas. Two specimens from Ootan
adras Presi
em.—One specimen which came to Kew in su
Mauritius, August, 1894.—An geo ature female found in a case
received from Penang about 26th October, 1898. One Indian’
that from Pen s immature, a y are named therefore
with a little diffidence, t sponga there i z practically no doubt about
their identity. In the species has been found in two or
e places, but an ps live o ai o ors. It is a somewhat
aryen insect. The female was figured in the “ Entomologist,”
vol. xxx., p. 125. (Fig. 5,x3; fig. 5a, antenna
2. — minor, Linn. Three specimens, two male and on
female, m pani soil heap in Arboretum Pits, 14th April, 1897.
It is a pre mmon British species, which readily takes to the
wing, m is dius cin found around. manure-heaps
3. Forficula auricularia, Linn. The common earwig, only too
abundant everywhere. It is by nature an animal feeder. Does
it do as much damage as is supposed ?
4. Chelisoches morio, Fabr. 'Two, a male and a female, arrived
in sugar-cane from Mauritius in August, 1894. "This species had
not previously been e ien Britain. They were Sd in
the “ pre tede "yol. , pl. teps <49- (Fig. 3,9 x3;
fig. 4, 4 x3.)
5. Phyllodromia germanica, Linn. An immature specimen (no
doubt this spocie) from Ootacamund, on rite plants, April,
189 his species is now established in Britain
6. Ischnoptera sp. A single specimen fo iid i in a Wardian
= roe from Mr. J. McClounie, of the Scientific Depart-.
t, Zomba, British Central Africa. The genus isa large one
aid: the s epe are not clearly de
7. Blatta orientalis, Linn. Three female specimens from
Mee quer 1897. No other specimens s have been sent me at any
me, so I — the species is not established in the gardens.
8. Blatta , Lin large specimen found in the.
tropical propagsting - pits, April, 1897.—One mature and three
immature specimens found alive in a case received 18th October,
1898, from the Belgian Congo State. Four fine specimens found
in a case of plants from Singapore, June, 1899, and two mature
specimens in a package from Burma, March, 1900. This species,
ich has established itself at the Toe Gardens in Regent's
Pak, and elsewhere, does not seem to have done so at Kew. (Fig. 2)
24
9. Blatta australasiae, Fabr. Unlike the last, this immigrant
cockroach is well established in the gardens, and, being apparently
not so much of a scavenger as most cockroaches, does much
damage to the plants. Apart aes trant Loy on the Spot, a
umber v i ca from —A
ma
um soni ficare from Demerara, about April, 1897.—One
mature from pit 17A about April, 1897. Was this an intro-
ed specimen ?—One mature and two immature —
18th October, 1898, in a ios from the Belgian Congo State.—Àn
immature Maps probably of this species, oni in a
ardian case from Calcutta, April, 1901. (Fig. 1.)
10. imei cinerea, Oliv. Four large specimens—brown in
colour, their tegmina sprinkled with white dots—found 18th
October, 1898, in a case from the Belgian Congo State
11. Naupheta circumvagans, Burm. One received in a Wardian
case from Calcutta, April, 1901. Colour resembles that of the
preceding species.
12. Leucophaea surinamensis, Linn. Two specimens, one mature
and one e taken in the tropical propagating pits, April,
1897.—An immature specimen found in cocoa-nut t fibre in one of
= eraat houses.—An immature specimen received April, €—
a Wardian case from Dalers. Immature specimens canno
ail be identified with absolute certainty, but there appears x
be no doubt in these cases. The conditions under which these
neris) were found make it possible that they may have been bred :
at
13. Copiophora brevirostris, Stal. A full-grown specimen found
on the underside of the leaf of an aroid. The plant had no name,
but was recognised as ‘408/93 Curtis, Malaya.’ It is a large
brilliant green grasshopper, with ovipositor of inordinate tengi.
Mr. Burr tells me that in the typical brevirostris the last tarsa
joint is black ; but the specimen probably belongs to the sra
named. Its home may be the northern part of South America,
probably Columbia.
14. Gryllacris sp. A specimen found on Nepenthes in propa-
gating pits, 6th October, 1897. Being immature the species
ins undetermined.
15. Home@ogryllus reticulatus, Fabr. A female vet on 1°th
October, 1898, in a case from the Belgian Congo State. The
species varies considerably in wing-length, and colour He breadth
of elytra.
16. Gryllodes sp. One received in a Wardian case from Valentia
Ape a Both sexes are necessary to determine the speci
z have : fia Mr. Malcolm Burr for assisting me with the
identification of some of the specimens
25
NEUROPTERA.
By W. J. Lucas, B.A.. F.E.S.
in Britain we have between 360 and 370 members of the
heterogeneous group of insects that are usually put together as
constituting the natural order Newrvptera—a group of insects
containing a number of divisions which must ultimately be
separated into several independent natural orders. Some hundred
pochi of these insects we might expect at Kew, but so far the list
—eight species—is a meagre one indeed. They are :—Five gem
flies—ZEschna cyanea, Müll; Æ. grandis, E ; Pyrrhos
nymphula, Sulz.; Ischnura elegans, Lind. 4 ; Agrion Rodas aud
um 9 (?); A. puella, Linn.; Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp ;
one scorpion fly—Panorpa germanica, Linn. 9, taken in
Queen 8 Cottage Grounds, 10th June, 1902.
COLEOPTERA.
By H. H. W. Pearson, M.A., F.L.S.
ADEPHAGA.
Carabus violaceus, 7L.
Notiophilus biguttatus, F.
Leistus fulvibarbis, Dej.
Clivina fossor, L.
Harpalus aeneus, F.
Pterostichus madidus, F.
Amara communis, Panz.
Dytiscus marginalis, L.
STAPHYLINIDAE.
Tachyporus hypnorum, F.
Leistotrophus nebulosus, Pertz.
Ocyphus compressus, Marsh. Queen's Cottage Grounds.
Philonthus discoideus, Grav.
Xantholinus fulgidus, F. a Pits.
X. punctulatus, Payk.
X. longiventris, Heer.
Baptolinus alternans, Grav.
Othius fulvipennis, F. Queen's Cottage Grounds.
Platystephus arenarius, Fourc.
Oxytelus sculptus, Grav.
Trogophloeus Crichsoni, Sharp.
Lathrimaeum unicolor, Steph.
Phloeobium sp. The specimen was found among seeds received
from Matabeleland and appears to be a new species.
z
; CLAVICORNIA.
-Choleva. Watsoni, Spence. Queen's dien Grounds..
Coccinella decempunctata, L. “ Ladybird.”
C. undecimpunctata, L. “ Ladybird.”
Chilocorus bipustulatus, L.
sp. Found among dried specimens of Chinese
aen ‘Speci of this genus are destructive to dried herbarium
specim
re tomentosus, F. On hawthorn.
LAMELLICORNIA.
Lucanus cervus, L.. “ Stag beetle."
Geotrupes stercorarius, L.
Rhizotrogus solstitialis, Z. “ Small Cockchafer.”
Melolontha vulgaris, F. ** Large Cockchafer.”
SERRICORNIA.
Agriotes sputator, L. “ Wire-worm."
Telephorus lividus, 7.
Cis Boleti, Scop.
LONGICORNIA.
Prionus coriarius, L. i ;
Diaxenes dendrobii, Grah. Found in 1898 in bulbs of Tali
albida imported from Mexico by Messrs. Sander in 1896.—(See
McDougall in Gard. Chron., 1897, p. 48.)
PHYTOPHAGA. |
Phaedon cochleariae, F.
Podagrica fuscipes, L. On mallows.
Cassida viridis, F.
HETEROMERA.
Scaphidema metallicum, F. Queen’s Cottage TE E
Tenebrio guineense, Imhoff. Imported from Sierra Leone.
Helops striatus, Fourc. Queen’s Cottage Grounds. |
.Rhinosimus planirostris, F: i
Anaspis maculata, Fourc. On hawthorn.
2T
RHYNCHOPHORA.
" Araeocerus fasciculatus, De Geer. With a dried plant from
Szemao. Ado said to attack coffee and cacao. (See Lucas in
Ann. Soc. Ent. France," 1861, 399.)
Rhynchites aequatus, L. On hawthorn.
Phyllobius pyri, L. On hawthorn.
P. maculicornis, Germ. On hawthorn.
Sitones lineatus, L, “ Pea-weevil.”
Xyleborus morigerus, Blandford. “Dendrobium beetle.” (See
Gard. Chron. [3], xxiv. (1898), p. 388, fig. 112.)
HYMENOPTERA.
FORMICIDAE. (Ants.)
By Lt.-Col. C. T. Bingham.
Ants as a class greatly affect plants, either for food or shelter.
Many species are truly ar rampe making their nests among the
leaves of trees or in hollow the trunk or branches. Others
2S
B
©
=]
üS
AE
E
®©
$
o
et
m
©
Hh
T
£e
B
—
*
[e]
e
c
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25
?g
o
c
EE
& N
veg and
carnivores. wander more or less over trees and plants in "their
search for food. It is not therefore voile that numerous
species have been transported from their natural habitat with
living plants and are to be found in the plant houses and conser-
inent myrmecologist, has published one such list of ants as an
to
useum, Hambu g (© Mittheilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen
Museum,” xviii., 1901, pp. 78-82).
om time to time lately a and ants have been forwarded for
erem to the Natural His ry Museum, South Kensington,
ist o
appended. The number so far has been small, but all the sub-,
— of the "Formicidae, with the exception of the Dorylinae,
represented.
Ponerinz,
-Diacamma v vagans, Smith, Tourn: Linn, Soc. Pil: iv. (mox:
suppl., p. 103. * Received jn Ward's case from J
1895." Found in various paris of Ee Burma, and Ceylon,
ranging into. the Malayan subregion. — faa round Calcutta
Identified by Mr. W. F. Kirby.
28
Myrmecina,
gg hene agisce, Nyl., Acta, Soc. Sc. Fennic., ii. € p. 929
9 $, pl. 18, figs. 5 a nd 30. “In little piece of rotten wood in
iud 8 Qutage, May, 1902." Distributed through Europe, pats
of Asia, and North America. A common British specie
Monomorium pharaonis, Linn., Syst. Pie Ed. 10th, i., m i ges
“Taken from flowers of Cereus sent from greenho
Herbarium.” A ubiquitous —— spread ud d uM ^
well as the temperate regions of the globe.
geet ren scutellaris, Oliv., me mae: Ins. vi., 1791,
p. 197 Com
ong virgin cork." ut urope
Specimens Wee were remarkably fine sre host
Triglypho thrix — hue striatideus, Eméry, Ann. Mus. Civ
Gen. — (1889), p “In propagating pits." Widespread.
Recorded from Tun, rci Leone, Ceylon, and Burma
n * Found in pseudobulbs of orchids from Trinidad
(propagating pits).” These ants were sent to the museum in May,
1897, and were — to be “driver ants!" The true driver
ant occurs in Africa, is carnivorous, and belongs to the Doryline.
From the fact that in the letter from Dr. Günther to Mr. Nicholson
the ants were said to strip ar of their leaves, I suspect the
species sent was really an
Dolichoderine.
Dolichoderus sp. “Taken from flowers of Cereus sent from
greenhouse No. V. to Herbarium.” The specimens were Paper Mr
in fragments, and it was impossible to make out the spec
Technomyrmex albipes, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi. 5 861),
p.38. “Palm house.” Found in the Indo-Malayan region, but
introduced into many parts of the world.
Camponotine.
Lasius niger, st. brunneus, Latr., Ess. Hist. Fourmis France,
1798, p. 41. “On young dead sparrow n ear Herbarium.” Dis-
tributed through Europe, northern Asia, and North America. A
common British species.
L. niger, st. oe Först., Hym. Stud., i., 1850, pp. 36 and 71.
* From two colonies in grass. Herbarium grounds." Distributed
through Europe, DURUM and central Asia, and North America.
À common British species.
L. flavus, Fabr., Spec. Ins., i., 1781, p. 491. “ Among grass
roots at foot of wall of House No. E Distributed through p^
northern Asia, and North hain A common British species
Prenolepis nitens, Mayr, Verh. zool. bot. ver. Wien, ii. a852),
p. 144. “Tropical fern house.” Europe to Eastern Asia.
rare and introduced in gland.
P. longicornis, Latr 5 Ae Nat. Fourmis, 1802, p. 113.
* Propagating pits.” ariety with antenne somewhat shorter
29
than in typical specimens. Introduced into many parts of the
world. Common all over Indi d Has been recorded from London,
Exeter, Hastings, and Cambridg
HEMIPTERA.
COCCIDAE. (Scale-insects.)
By R. Newstead, A.L.S., &c.
The following Epor of 24 genera and 45 species
represents about one half of all the species which have been
found within the British Isles, and far surpasses any other record
for an equal area.
Of the 45 recorded eund 11 may be considered gu) peek
and the remaining found under glass, are exotics, and
been introduced on im ported plants. Of the latter, 14 have ot
been found elsewhere in the British Isles ; and deri nia kewensis,
Newst., a Ripersia filicicola, Newst., have not, so far as is at
present known, been met with in any other r part of "s world.
It is importan nt to note that four of the introduced species,
parisitic fungi, and in the three latter by careful attention and the
application of insecticides. On the other hand several destructive
species are apparently on the increase and difficult to check by
means of insecticides or by ordinary fumigation methods.
The work of collecting v coccids has been carried on chiefly
by Mr. Nicholson, F.L.S., who has discovered several interesting
, Ch
kindness of the dh ag visited "the Royal. Gardens and made
several collections of the Coccide. The results of their researches
will be found in the volumes of the Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine. Mr. J. W. Douglas has also dealt with several important
Species in the same publication.
Explanation of the signs used :—
* Species found living under glass.
t Species not known to occur elsewhere in the British Isles.
i Species not known to occur outside the British Isles.
$ Indigenous species.
Diaspine.
Aspidiotus, Bouché.
*tA. ficus, Riley. (All stages.) On Garcinia Cambogia ;
Lonchocarpus Barteri, Benth. ; Eugenia malaccensis ; E. poly-
EA and Plumeria incarnata. This species is one of the
30
largest and most destructive members of the genus, but does not
appear to increase very rapidly k Kew, HOPE several broods
are apparently produced in a yea
*t A. personatus, Comstock. Bx only.) On Tillandsia spp.
The minute thimble-shaped puparium of this species readily
distinguished it from any of its allies. It is a neotropical species,
and is very common in the West Indies.
A. perseae, Comst. (Females only.) On Anthurium sp. First
xd from Kew 1889; but has not since been met with
in any part of the British Isles.
TA cag pea Comst. (Females only.) Previously recorded in
error by Newstead as a cy done (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1897, p. 74).
Occurred in. Bees bers e huge dead. leaf-stalks of the
magnificent and are eerte epechnon of Arenga saccharifera
from the Malay Archipelago.
= $A. britannicus, Newstead. (Females and en ies On
— Hi <= oe sum ; Ilex Aqu cose var. kew and on ivy
d box abundant t, and und € edly on utl increase, and
; mes in Pug Een a destructive a
*A. hederae. (Females and male CUM A general feeder.
Previously recorded under the names A. nerii, Bouché, and
A. ales, Boisduval. A widely distributed and injurious epoetós.
*A. cyanophylli, Signoret. shea only.) Found in small
numbers on Miconia magnifica
*A. dictyospermi, var. arecae, Newst. (Females only.) Sparingly
in the Palm House on young palms.
Gymnaspis, Newst.
. *[G. aechmeae, Newst. (All ^ pH = T Larga male.) On
ea aio dope This species trikin Astron
second stage female. Its ‘city other known habitat is Rio de
Janeiro, where it has recently been found on cultivated plants.
It was common at Kew when first entier in 1898.
Fiorinia, Targioni-Tozzetti.
*1F. kewensis, News, (Females mist mes puparia.) numer
n How ea for steri in the Temperate House. Discovered by
Mr. G. Nic cholson in pm h, 1898. The species is Paseo for
the dense white felted covering of the puparium.
Parlatoria, Targ. Tozz.
*P. pergandii var. Crotonis, Douglas. (Females and male
p) Very common on various members of the croton
family
Diaspis, Costa.
a Boisduvalii, Sign. (All stages but perfect male:) On Cocos
neoffiana, — eliconia goeree. Nannorrhops Titchieana,
E
echmea mexicana, Pitcairnia br omeliaefolia, P. latifolia, P. alta,
Bactris acanthocarpa, and. Euterpe speciosa, pernicious species,
found almost everywhere on cutüvdod plants, and is often very
destructive to young pot palms
t§D. earueli. (Females and male puparia.) Infesting and
o he
rom se
cuttings is hot known. It is from variety horizontalis—an old
collection plant, and is probably from cuttings.” (Nicholson, in
lit., March, 1898.
D. calyptroides, Costa. Common in the succulent house.
Aulacaspis (Diaspis), Cockerell.
SA. rose, Bouché. (Females and male puparia). Abundant on
Rosa spp. in the open air. This is the common “ scurfy-scale” of
the rose, both cultivated and wild.
TA. p ny Targ. Tozz. (Females and male puparia.) Hab
‘on Prunus Pseudo-cerasus freshly imported from Japan. About
It is a pest in many parts of the world, and is very destructive to
the mulberry in Southern Europe. .
Poliaspis, Maskell.
*tP. cycadis, Comst. (Female and male puparia.) Very
Bue on Cycas revoluta, C. media, C. celebica, Zamia
"mur icta, and Z Loddigesii
| Chionaspis, Signoret.
$C. salicis, Linn. (Females and male paparié,) Common o
pn (Fraxinus excelsior) and on Syringa vulgaris. Tt isa ahl
r, but is most commonly met with on ash, willow and alder
pon hon a).
*C. aspidistrae, Sign. (Females and male puparia.) On Cocos
plumosa, Heliconia metallica, Polypodium aureum, and Cordyline
australis. In this country the species is decidedly partial to
“ferns.
*łC. biclavis, Comst. (Females usd On Anona muricata.
First recorded by Mr. A. C. F. Morgan, F.L.S. (Ent. Mo. Mag.
s.s. vol. iii., p. 15), and not since met with. This Sle has the
remarkable power of burrowing under the bark of its food plants,
or under the epidermal layer of hairs, woolly filaments or
.seales, &c., completely casein: itself and its puparium.
Mytilaspis, Sign.
8M. , Bouché. (Females only. Common on Rites
sanguineum, ` R. prostratum, Ceanothus papillosus, Cornus ay
var. Spaethii, C. sanguinea, Eleagnus ai gentea,
laris, Salix sp. (Hybrid alpine willow). - This is the species known
to horticulturists as the “‘ Mussel Scale.” It is a very general E
.but is partial to ne cultivated apple and cotoneaster. The fei
are for the most part parthen ogenetic ; the males having been
32
discovered but twice since the time of Linneus, although ione
attention er been given to the species by students in various part
of the w
"TN. EEEN Bouché. (Females only.) First recorded
from HA on Cymbidium pendulum, by Mr. Douglas (Ent. Mo,
Mag., vol. xxiv., p. 21. Not since met with in the British Isles.
Pinnaspis, Cockerell.
*P. buxi, Bouché. (Females only.) Recorded also as P. pandani
and Mytilaspis buxi, which are synonyms. Occurs abundant b
on Licuala grandis, Daemonorops lewisianus and Chrysalido-
carpus lutescens. A form having a white puparium, which agrees
with Cockerell's var. albus, occurred in great numbers on the
last-named plant
Ischnaspis, OMM
*I. filiformis, Doug. (Females and male puparia. Common on
Diospyrus discolor. Remarkable for the long narrow form of the
puparia, which look like little bits of black thread.
Lecaniinae.
Lecanium, J/liger.
*L. hesperidum, Linn. (Females only.) On Rondeletia amoena,
Meryta Denhamii, Mangifera indica, Schinus terebinthifolia,
Nephrodium villosum, Bertolonia Pe Lucuma multiflora, Dal-
bergia lanceolaria, and in the open air on Hedera sp., &c. This
is a widely distributed iue common scandal pest.
*L. longulum, Doug!. (Females only.) Sparingly on leaves of
Heliconia metallica, Rheedia sp.,and on Averrhoa Carambola and
— blandum
MA Neitner. eal only.) On Heliconia metallica
und Tins
*L. zone Newst. (Females only.) Swarming on Caryota
and other pene and freely also on Eugenia malaccensis, Dios-
pyros sp., Cinnamonum sp., Coccoloba sp., and Philodendron sp.
This flat black "ihisiihe Species is very conspicuous on the white
undersides of the leaves of certain palms
*L. hemisphaerieum, Targ. Tozz. (Females only.) On Coffea
liberica, C. arabica, Stangeria schizodon, Eranthemum cinna-
barinum, E. albiflorum, Clerodendron speciosum, Bowenia
mee car test edulis, Nepenthes rafflesiana, Eugenia
is ron argenteum, Alsophila pruinata,
Chr yeophytium visits Citrus Aurantium, uerit. quadri-
faria, J. Gendarussa, Jacobinia ghiesbreghtiana, Cassipourea
edid and many ferns
§L. persiem var. - Corpli, Z Linn. ee only.) On Ribes
sanguineum, Rp prostratum, Wistaria sp., Cytisus scoparius, Coto-
neaster spp. and Spiraea ras dt erat "hi s species is generally
known as the “ gooseberry scale" in this country,
33
§Lecanium capre, Linn. (Females only.) On Ulmus cam
pestris.
*L. olew, Bernard. (Females and male puparia.) On Spathelia
simpler, Miconia magnifica, Aralia elegantissima, El
orientale, Carissa spinarum, goce Sp., Ley 3. Mo ma-
bacca, Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, Anthu mag m, and
Ca TER spinosa. The brown form, L. “feat of Curtis, | is also
commo
PORA Targ. Tozz.
$P. vitis, Linn. On Salix sp. (Females only.)
*P. floccifera, Westwood. (Females amia On Anguloa Clowesii,
Lycaste Skinneri, and Plumeria rubra
Vinsonia, Signoret. i
*V. stellifera, Westwood. (Females only.) On Tovomita
amazonica. A few imperfect females only of this beautiful
species.
Physokermes, Targ. Tozz.
§ P. abietis, Geoffroy. (Females only.) On spruce fir (Picea
excelsa). This interesting and poc protective form is not
known to attack any other kind of plan
Dactylopiinae.
Asterolecanium, Targ. Tozz.
*tA. bambusae, Boisduv (Females only.) Abundant on
Bambusa lyar and Ma species of bamboo in the palm house,
Ripersia, Signoret.
*tR. fllicicola, Newst. (All stages but the perfect male.) On
Trichomanes spicatum. Discovered by Mr. Nicholson in Feb-
ruary, 1897. Easily distinguished by the beautifully iridescent
filaments forming the outside of the ovisaes of the female and
the puparia of the male.
Dactylopius, Costa.
D. citri, Boisduval. Ud = LE ) The most injurious of all
the “ mealy bugs" and almost omnivorous. Mr. Nicholson also
obtained it out of doors e Ho
*D. longispinus, Targ. Tozz. (Females only.) On Stangeria
izodon, Flacourtia sepiaria, various ms and coffee leaves.
It is less common than the preceding speci
Cryptococcus, Dougl.
C. fagi, Barensprung. eS pe only.) This is the beech
coccus which is sometimes so destructive in the British Isles.
Apterococcus, Newst.
fraxini, Newst. (Females and male puparia.) Confined
exclusively to the ash (Fraxinus excelsior).
13757 o
Coccus, Linn.
|. *fC. tomentosus, Lam. (In all stages.) On Opuntia fulgida.
This insect was recorded (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1897, p. 76) as new to
_ Britain. But there is a record in Yo HN at the eou ce
Magazine of its yo at Kew ear 1827, he
spineless cochineal fig. (Cactus EI. It is apparently
one of the three b cg of cochineal used in commerce
Gymnococcus, Dougl.
*1G. agavium, Dougl. (Females only.) Recorded for the first
time and described as new by Mr. Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1888,
p. 150.
Ortheziinae.
Orthezia, Bosc.
*0. insignis, Dougl. (All stages.) Chiefly on Stove Acanthads,
It is a beautiful species, but very hard to destroy. (See also Kew
Bull., 1895, p. 162.)
Monophlebinae.
Icerya, Sign.
*tI. Hgyptiacum, oe (Females only.) The plant on
which the insects were imported was, fortunately, argo ed, and
no trace of this peban species has since been see
LEPIDOPTERA.
By R. South, F.E.S.
The accompanying list e one hundred and fifty species of moths
and butterflies observed in the gardens can only be regarded as.
provisional. The Lets upon which it is based were forüished
to the authorities at Kew by several observers and at various dates
during the — six or seven years. So far there does not appear
to ha n any serious attempt made in the direction of ascer-
endis the lepidopterous fauna of the area. "There is little doubt
that if all the methods adopted by the practical entomologist in
is field work were brought into action the results during even à
single season would considerably increase the present total.
Among these devices is “ sugaring,” which is. much i in Ms s
t t
thrust into the seductive mixture. The revellers may then be
easil in boxes, or, if not otherwise "En their names
2 35
noted on the spot. A few erporiments in “sugaring” were essayed
during the autumn of 1902, b t the weather was so ungenial that
very few moths were o
Artificial light has a great attraction for many moths, and
illuminated traps are used by some entomologists with grand
rome iud it might be arranged for some such contrivance
o be up in one of the glades of the gardens, or somewhere in
ihe vicinity of the lake.
Obviously, the practice in the gardens is to destroy at once all
I
Y
Lepidoptera. A very large number of species belonging to this
order feed only at night, and these Set then be readily found by
simpy ae shrubs and low growing plants by the aid of a
lante
Seeing how frequently insects of foreign origin are brought into
England, even among consignments s of garden produce, it might
be expected that various exotic Bo of Lepidoptera would put
in an appearance at Kew. The only record of this nature appears
to be that of a specimen of Erebus odora, L., a member of the
a aiy Erebidae. This moth, which measures some six
es in expanse, is a native of Jamaica ; it was found
in the Ew pit in ine gardens i in 1899.
In addition to the species enumerated in the list seven others
have been recorded, but these have not been seen by the compiler
pr it seems desirable to await further evidence of their ox IM ORO
n the gardens before including them in na list. They may,
eevee. be mentioned here and are as follow
Leucophasia sinapis, L. (2 specimens in poor condition and
1 ae June, 1896.)
ia palemon, Pall. (5 specimens, all seen same day,
95.)
Pelosia muscerda, Hufn. (3 specimens found at dark on quince
tree, 1902.)
Apamea connexa, Bork. (1 specimen in poor condition, 1899.)
Agrotis pyrophila, Fb. (1 specimen, marked “ Kew,” no date.)
Acontia luctuosa, Esp. (1 specimen, marked “ Kew," no date.)
Catocala sponsa, L. (Fairly common, attracted by light, 1900.)
PIERIDAE.
Pieris brassice, L. “ Large White.” `
P. rape, L. * Small White." a
13757 Ee DO
36
Pieris napi, L. “ Green-veined White.”
Euchloé cardamines, L. “ Orange Tip.”
Gonepteryx rhamni, L. “ Brimstone.”
NYMPHALIDAE.
Argynnis euphrosyne, L. “ Pearl-bordered Fritillary.”
A. paphia, L. “Silver-washed Fritillary."
Vanessa polychloros, L. “ Large Tortoise-shell."
V. urtiem, Z. “Small Tortoise-shell."
V. io, L. “Peacock.”
V. atalanta, L. “ Red Admiral."
V. cardui, L. * Painted Lady.”
SATYRIDAE.
Pararge egeria, L. * Speckled Wood."
P. megaera, L. “The Wall."
Epinephele ianira, L. ** Meadow Brown."
E.tithonus, L. * Large Heath."
Aphantopus hyperanthus, L. ‘“ The Ringlet.”
Coenonympha pamphilus, L. “Small Heath."
LYCAENIDAE,
Zephyrus quercus, L. ‘ Purple Hairstreak.”
Callophrys rubi, L. “ Green Hairstreak."
Chrysophanus phloeas, L. “Small Copper."
Lycaena icarus, Rott. “Common Blue."
Cyaniris argiolus, Z. * Azure Blue.”
ERYCINIDAE.
Nemeobius lueina, Z. “Duke of Burgundy.”
HESPERIIDAE,
Hesperia malve, L. * Grizzled Skipper."
Augiades sylvanus, Esp. “Large Skipper.”
: SPHINGIDAE.
Sphinx ligustri, L. “ Privet Hawk."
Smerinthus ocellatus, L, ** Eyed Hawk."
S. populi, Z. * Poplar Hawk.
Dilina tiliae, L. * Lime Hawk."
31
ZYGAENIDAE.
Zygaena filipendulae, L. *Six-spotted Burnet.”
CYMBIDAE.
Hylophila prasinana, L. “ Green Silver Lines.’
NOLIDAE.
Nola cucullatella, Z. “ Short Cloaked.”
EUCHELIIDAE.
Callimorpha dominula, L. “Scarlet Tiger."
ARCTIIDAE.
Arctia caia, L. “Tiger Moth.”
A. villica, L. “Cream Spot Tiger.”
Spilosoma lubricipeda, Esp. ‘ Buff Ermine.’
S. menthastri, Esp. * White Ermine.”
HEPIALIDAE.
Hepialus humuli, Z. “Ghost Swift.”
H. lupulinus, L. “Common Swift.”
COSSIDAE.
Zeuzera pyrina, L. “Leopard Moth.”
LYMANTRIIDAE.
Euproctis chrysorrhea, L. “Brown Tail.”
Stilpnotia salicis, Fues. “Satin Moth.”
Dasychira pudibunda, L. ‘ Pale Tussock."
Orgyia antiqua, L. “ Common Vapourer."
LASIOCAMPIDAE,
Eriogaster lanestris. L. ‘Small Eggar.”
Lasiocampa quercus, L. “Oak Eggar.”
Cosmotriche potatoria, L. “The Drinker.” `
DREPANIDAE,
Drepana binaria, Hufn. “Oak Hook-tip ”
Cilix glaucata, Scop. “Chinese Character”
38
NOTODONTIDAE.
Dicranura vinula, L. “Puss Moth.”
Pygaera eurtula, L. “ Chocolate-tip."
Phalera bucephala, L. * Buff-tip."
CYMATOPHORIDAE.
Polyploca flavicornis, L. “ Yellow-horned."
NOCTUIDAE.
Bryophila perla, Fab. “ Marbled Beauty.”
Acronycta tridens, Schiff. “ Dark Dagger."
A. psi, L. * The Dagger." l
A. megacephala, Fab. “Poplar Grey.”
Diloba caeruleocephala, L. “ Figure-of-eight Moth.” `
Leucania conigera, Fab. * Brown-line Bright-eye." -
L. comma, L. “Shoulder-striped Wainscot.”
L. impura, Hübn. “Smoky Wainscot.”
L. pallens, L. “Common Wainscot.”
Calamia phragmitidis, Hübn. ‘“ Fen Wainscot.”
Gortyna ochracea, Hübn. _“ Frosted Orange."
Hydraecia nictitans, Bork. * Ear Moth.”
H. micacea, Esp. “ Rory Rustic."
Axylia putris, Z. “The Flame."
Xylophasia lithoxylea, Fal. * Light Arches.”
X. monoglypha, Hufn. * Dark Arches."
Dipterygia scabriuscula, L. “ Bird's Wing."
Epineuronia popularis, Fab. “ Feathered Gothic.”
Mamestra brassicae, L. “Cabbage Moth.”
M. persicariae, L. * The Dot.”
M. didyma, Esp. - “The. Common Rustic."
Miana strigilis, Clerck. “ Marbled Minor."
Grammesia trigrammica, Hufn. "'Treble-bar."
Caradrina quadripunctata, Fab. * Pale mottled Willow."
Agrotis suffusa, Hiibn. “Dark Sword-grass.” |
49
Agrotis exclamationis, L. “Heart and Dart."
A. corticca, Hiibn. “ Heart and Club."
A. nigricans, L. “Garden Dart.”
Noctua angur, Fab. “ Double Dart.”
N. plecta, L. “Flame Shoulder."
N. c.-nigrum, L. “ Setaceous Hebrew Character."
N. festiva, Hübn. “ Ingrailed Clay.”
N. umbrosa, Hiibn. *“ Six-striped Rustic.”
N. xanthographa, Fab. “ Square-spot Rustic.”
Triphaena comes, Hübn. “ Lesser yellow Underwing."
T. pronuba, L. “ Large yellow Underwing."
Naenia typica, L. '* The Gothic."
Pachnobia rubricosa, Fab. * Red Chestnut.”
Taeniocampa gothica, L. “ Hebrew Character.”
T. stabilis, View. ** Common Quaker."
Orthosia suspecta, Hiibn. ‘‘ The Suspected.”
Anchocelis litura, L. ** Brown-spotted Pinion.”
Cerastis vaccinii, L. “ The Chestnut.”
Xanthia citrago, L. “ Orange Sallow.”
X flavago, Fab. “The Sallow.”
Calymnia trapezina, L. “ Dun-bar.”
Hecatera serena, Fab. “ Broad-barred White.”
Agriopis aprilina, L. “ Marveil du Jour.”
Euplexia lucipara. L. “Small Angle Shades.”
Phlogophora meticulosa, L. ‘‘ Angle Shades."
Aplecta nebulosa, Hufn. “Grey Arches.”
Cucullia umbratica, L. * The Shark.”
Plusia chrysitis, L. “ Burnished Brass.”
P. gamma, L. “Silvery Moth.”
Catocala nupta. L. “Red Underwing."
GEOMETRIDAE.
Uropteryx sambucaria, L. “ Swallow-tail Moth.”
Rumia luteolata, L. “Brimstone Moth.”
Metrocampa margaritaria, L. “ Light Emerald,
4U
Crocallis elinguaria, Z. ‘Scalloped Oak."
Biston hirtaria, L. * Brindled Beauty.”
Hemerophila abruptaria, Thnb. * Waved Umber.”
Geometra papilionaria, L. “Large Emerald."
Hemithea strigata, Müll. * Common Emerald."
Acidalia aversata, L. * Riband Wave."
Bapta temerata, Hiibn. “The Clouded Silver."
Bupalus piniaria, L. * The Bordered White."
Abraxas grossulariata, L. “The Magpie.”
Larentia didymata, L. **'Twin-spot Carpet."
Melanthia bicolorata, Hufn. * Blue-bordered Carpet.”
Melanippe sociata, Bork. * Common Carpet."
M. montanata, Bork. *Silver-ground Carpet.”
Camptogramma bilineata, L. ‘The Yellow Shell."
Cidaria testata, L. ‘The Chevron."
Eubolia limitata, Scop. ‘Small Mallow.”
Tanagra atrata, L. “The Chimney Sweeper. '
PYRALIDAE.
Pyralis farinalis, L. “The Meal Moth.”
Hypsopygia costalis, Fab. “The Gold Fringe.”
Eurrhypara urticata, L. “Small Magpie.”
Scopula olivalis, Schiff.
Pionea forficalis, L. “Garden Pebble.”
. Crambus pratellus, L. * Dark Inlaid Veneer."
C. inquinatellus, Schiff. *'The Barred Veneer."
C. geniculeus, Haw. * Elbow-striped Veneer."
C. culmellus, L. “Small Straw-coloured Veneer.”
PTEROPHORIDAE.
Alucita pentadactyla, L. “The White Plume Moth.”
TORTRICIDAE.
Tortrix xylosteana, L. “Forked Red-bar."
T. sorbiana, Hübn. “The Hazel Tortrix.”
T. ribeana, Hübn. ‘Common Oblique-bar.”
T. viridana, Z. “The Green Tortrix.”
41
Penthina variegana, Hiibn.
Hedya ocellana, Fab.
Aspis udmanniana, L. “The Udmannian."
TINEIDAE.
Blabophanes rusticella, Hübn.
YPONOMEUTIDAE.
Yponomeuta cognatellus, Hiibn.
Y. evonymellus, L. * Full spotted Ermine.”
ELACHISTIDAE.
Elachista argentella, Clerck.
GALLS.
The puncture of plant-tissues by insects, mites, and other small
animals, the deposition therein of ova, and the subsequent develop-
ment of the animals, induce hypertrophies of various kinds which
are — as “galls.” An account of the galls observed in the
gardens, and the names of the insects responsible for them,
VERAS finds iis adul position here.
GENERAL.
By Prof. J. W. H. Trail, F.R.S.
The few galls enumerated below must represent only a small
rt of the forms that occur in or near the gardens, but they are
those seen by myself in passing through at various times. Most
of them were found in the Queen's Cottage Grounds one forenoon
in July, 1899. No doubt many others would reward careful and
systematic work throughout the year; yet the trees, irn bas and
herbs cultivated in the gardens appear to be remarkably free from
galls. Those mentioned here were found inire Wscldevely on
the wild flora. For convenience of reference they are arranged
d the hod iiia after the method usually followed.
Hypericum quadratum. Terminal leafbud swollen, its two outer
leaves touching edge to edge and slightly hypertrophied and
keeled near their bases, often reddish. Caused by a midge,
Perrisia serotina (Winn.).
Tilia. On the species of this genus galls are frequent.
scences, on midribs of bracts, à ‘peduncles or
pou. with a smooth surface, yellowish green or i. Each contains
or more cavities tenanted by larve of a mis Contarinia
Mia, Kffr.
42
- (b. Margin of leaf is slightly thickened but not discoloured,
and forms a narrow tube here and there towards base. Usually
the galls are short, but sometimes a number are united so as to
extend an inch or more along the margin. In the tubes live gall-
mites, Eriophyes tetratrichus, Nal
(c-). Upper surface of leaf bears reddish — galls like small
nails in form fix "s o it by one end. The e hollow, and open
by a small hole s se lower surface. s sd live gall-mites,
Eriophyes Tiliae TPorenst, ).
ith
ii reddish prominent galls, each hollow, opening by a hole on
the lower surface, among hairs. In each live sella e, Eriophyes
macrorhynchus, Nal.
Trifolium repens, L. Pinnz remain folded, but become thickened,
inflated, and TE reddened. Caused by a gall-midge, Perrisia
T'rifolii (E. L
uliginosus, Schkuhr. Budgalls formed of an atrophied
bud surrounded by stipules and stunted leaves, all somewhat
thic keak caused by a midge (? Posin loticola, Rübs.
Rubus. A Spats showed on leaves and shoots patches of a
pale grey-green colour owing to the growth of hairs, caused by
a gall-mite, Zr. aches gibbosus, Nal
Rosa spp.
(a.) On leaves smooth globular thin galls, up to 5 mm. in dia-
meter, den red on one side, caused by a gallfly, Rhodites Eglan-
teriae,
Biases carition. each in a hard overing. n aa lives a larva o
Rhodites Rosae (L.). This i is Ms * Bedeguar " gall.
Malus, L. Leaves hypertrophied, and bulged upwards i
places or mend rolled backwards, reddened, caused probably by
Aphis Mali, Fabr.
Crataegus Oxyacantha, 7
(a.) Terminal buds abort, their leaves and stipules being
wded in a rosette and covered with green or dull-red warts
(i rus hairs, caused by a gall- midge; Perrisia Crataegi
in
= G). Leaves affected much on Pyrus Malus, cmd. by an
pm
O erri of lobe of leaf rolled bakki tu to a narrow tube
rown hairs, among which live mites Brip gonio-
thorax, Nal.
; 43
. Galium véruni, L.
(a.) Soft fleshy smooth rounded gall of stem near a node (much
like (a) on Tilia’ caused by a gall-midge, Perrisia Galii (H. Low.).
(b.) areri rolled into narrow tubes by a mite, Eriophyes Galii,
(Karpe
Sambueus nigra, Leaf margins rolled upwards to form
slender tubes by a mice Epitrimerus trilobus, Nal.
Achillea Millefolium, Z. On the stem, often close to the surface
of the ground or just below it, or in the axils of leaves, or on the
leafstalks or leafblades, or among the Bowen in the heads, occur
subcylindric galls about as large as a grain of barley, of firm
fleshy texture, shining, at first green but becoming very dark, and
bursting open at the summit with several recurved lobes.
galls are the work of a midge, Hormomyia Millefolii, H. Loew,
which is now referred to the section Rhopalomyia. Often common.
Hieracium Pilosella, L. MEM of leaves swollen into spindle-
shaped thickenings of sma lls
s ? d Oan a deste cell, the work of a gallfly (Awlaz) or of
On e example found.
ge ely meer cells m the swelling. Among them live
minute "yita (T'ylenchus sp.), which form the galls.
Veronica Chamaedrys, L. Whitish, or ne often pale reddish-
green, masses at the ends of vegetative shoots consist of the
terminal leaves thickly. covered on the báck with whitish hairs,
yellow larvae of a midge, Perrisia Veronicae (Vallot). Not
seldom the leaves are caused to produce a very similar hai
covering by action of wall-mites, Eriophyes anceps, Nal. Som
times both animals attack the same shoots. When alone the mites
cause a more diffuse hairy coat than do the midges.
Nepeta Glechoma, Benth. Upper surface of leaf has on it a
number of small hairy galls shaped like rifle-bullets, each
opening by a narrow hole on lower surface of leaf; they fall off
at end of autumn, each leaving a hole in leaf ; caused by a midge,
Oligotrophus buvaaPcis (Bremi).
Ulmus sp.
(a.) Leaf bears on upper surface flask-shaped, thin-walled pale
green or reddish galls, 10 mm. or more in height, attached by a
narrow neck, through which "the inner cavity opens on lower
surface of leaf ; caused by Tetraneura Ulmi, De Geer.
(b.) Leaf hypertrophied, yellowish green, irregularly rolled
kwards and rough, one side only, or almost the ds leaf
galled ; caused by Schizoneura Ulmi, L.
Urtica dioica, L. On the bases of the leaves, and also on young
stems and inflorescences, occur roundish fleshy pale-green galls,
about the size of a small pea frequently, which open greed on
the upper surface. They are Doreen by a gall-midge, P
Urticae, (Perris).
H
Juglans regia, L. Patches in the leaf, bounded by veins,
become DU ee epi. bulged upwards, with a depression on the
lower surface lined with brown hairs, — which live gall-
mites, Hriophyes jraiesitus; var. erineus,
Betula alba, Z. On the various forms of this species the leaf-
blades are sometimes studded with numerous small hard bodies,
prominent especially on the upper surface. In transverse section
they are seen to inclose a set cavity that opens on the lower
surface of the leaf by a nar tube. In the cavity, among hairs,
live the tiny mites that angie iia gall, by name Hriophyes Betulae,
Nal. The warts have received the name of Cephaloneon betulinum,
Bremi.
Alnus "pre Medic. Gall-mites produce on leaves at least
two kinds of ga
(a.) Small red or otherwise yar MM ben rounded er oval
prominences, about 2 or 3 mm. in diameter; each is a pouch
opening on lower surface by a disc hole ro closed by "hairs.
This form is Cephaloneon pustulatum, Bremi, and is produced by
Eriophyes laevis, Nal.
(4.) On lower surface—rarely also ôn upper—occur patches of
closely set hairs (Erineum alneum, Pers.) unicellular, with
isa: thickened heads. The hairs, at first white, soon
me rusty brown. Among them live the mites, Eriophyes
items d sus, Fockeu
Quercus. Mr. saei s list of galls observed in Kew Gardens on
the species of Quercus includes the few galls of the Cynipide or
Gall-flies that I lieve noticed there, I shall therefore refer only
to mae ones produced on leaves by acca and those of a gall-
Q. pedunculata, Ehrh.
(a.) A lobe is folded backwards and becomes thickened and
discoloured with yellowish spots. Below it lie larvæ of a midge,
Mucrodiplosis dryobia (F. Löw w).
(^.) A narrow portion in the sinus, or on one side of a lobe,
becomes folded upwards and slightly discoloured and thickened.
Below it lie larve of a midge, Macrodiplosis volvens, Kffr.
(c. Lower surface cuc hairy along the veins, due to
mites,— Eriophyes quercinus, Can
Fagus sylvatica, L.
(a.) On upper surface of leaves rise usually several galls of the
form of a rifle-bullet, up to 3 mm. in height and covered with
short hairs. They fall off, leaving a round thickened ring in the
(Has end are the work of a gall-midge, Oligotrophus annulipes
(b.) Leaves near tip of twig remain small, become SRiokened
and deeply folded yc the veins, and are covered with hai
which change from grey to pale brown. AMD ong these live gall.
mites, probably Eriophyes stenaspis, Nal.
45
Salix alba, L., and other ete Oval galls ex cipi
projecting on bo th su rfaces, especially below, up t m. in
length, green or red, fleshy. Produced by a saw- ‘fly, Annais
gallicola, Steph.
S. aurita, L., and other species of the section Capreae bear galls.
a) Terminal buds remain abortive with leaves short and
crowded into a rosette or resembling the scales of a cone. Amon
the leaves lives the larvæ of a gall-midge, Rhabdophaga rosaria
(H. WE ).
In leaves, usually near the midrib or large veins, oN almost
, An es
ve, ver ns
lives one larva of a idee. "Oligotr ophis [^ tels (Winn
S. viminalis, L. Margin of leaf rolled backwards, thickened,
and yullowid prost or red in colour, the length varying with the
degree of union of galls. Produced by à pet Perrisia
marginem-torquens, (Winn.).
Populus alba. L. A few twigs showed spindle-shaped swellings
in which was an irregular cavity in the pith. These galls may
have been the work of a beetie, Saperda populnea, L.
P. E L. pee (of the genus Pemphigus) produce imam
forms of galls on all the varieties of this y put all stages
preria of the insects being found in them
(a.) Galls similar in form and structure to ee on P. alba.
(5.) On young twigs and on bases of petioles are oval often
decurved galls up to 15 mm. long, narrowed towards the tip, where
each ends in an opening surrounded usually by a wrinkled
margin. They are formed by Pemphigus bursarius,
(c.) Leaf-blade folded backward to inclose a space aper ch. i:
enlarged by the blade becoming irregularly DM
somewhat fleshy, often yellowed or reddened. In the space live
numerous examples of Pemphigus affinis, Kalt.
(d.) Leaf-blade much hypertrophied near the base forming
a large hollow which opens by a slit along the midrib ^s the lower
surface. Caused by Pemphigus marsupialis, Courche
Taxus baccata, L. Terminal buds remain ers the leaves over-
lapping so as to resemble the scales of a e e, but not changing
much in colour. In the centre of the gall is qe larva of the gall-
maker, a midge named Perrisia Taxi, (Inchbald).
. Picea excelsa, Link. Galls at tips of twigs quuni pine-
apples about 15 to 20 mm. long, the terminal bud remaining short
with crowded needles, ea vem becomes broad and fleshy u ‘its base
and partly united with one another, inclosing between them
cavities inhabited by Chermes strobilobius, Kalt., aggr ; but the life-
history must be studied to determine whether it is C. strobi ilobius,
alt., segr., or C. lapponicus, Cholod. Other species related to
excelsa, also show a few galls of the same appearance,
16
P. orientalis, Carr. Twig scarcely bent or thickened, bearing
along one side needles enlarzed a5 their bases but not joined to
one another. Between then live numerons examples of Chermes
orientalis, Dreyfu
P. sitchensis, Trautv. and Mey. Galls somewhat similar to those
on P. ex :elsa, only differing in being a deeper green, occur on this i
species; they may be the work of Chermes Abietis, L.
OAK-GALLS.
By R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S.
Some years ago I paid considerable attention to the Oak-galls
occurring in the Quercetum at sem, particularly with respect to
their beer range (see Entomologist, 1881, pp. 54-58, and
1883, 29-32). Attention was called to the subject by the
Stelle of the common currant-gall on an evergreen oak of
doubtful origin, but which is now agreed to be a hybrid between
Q. pedunculata, Willd. and Q. Tlex, L. The occurrence
Quercus
numerous species of from various parts of the world
n ximity, Heim naturally furnish an oppor-
tunity for the spread of certain galls, if such species formed a
ity for the s ed
suitable food-plant for the gall-making insect, and although
I succeeded in finding galls on six European and one Japanese
podies of cus, I never found a gall of:the common
oak on Ta an American species or on the European
Q. Cerris, L., the “ mossy-cupped ” oak, even when the branches
interlaced, peni shows the existence of some barrier to their
ersal.
as well as two vernal forms, making five in
It will be observed that several galls are ahai — ~~
following list which theoretically ought to occu ur, the
sponding seasonal form having been found, but it should be added
that it was not found possible to make an extended search at
n seasons, and in recent years, and it is highly probable that
several others will yet be added to the list. During 1902 I again
paid some attention to the vernal forms, but without making any
addition to the list ; the season seems to have been unfavourable,
ai bor E hic are usually common were only met with in
i
Quercus s Willd. Probably no species of plant is so
subject Pd attacks of gall-making insects as the common
fruits; and their variation ir. size, appearance, and istos
47
structure, is as great as e diversity of situation. Nearly a
of the plant, are seasonal variations, it will be convenient to
arrange the following notes according to the different organs of
the plant on which the galls occur.
Root galls.—On the smaller roots, during autumn and winter,
ls w
is probable that the root galls are common too, though it is only
on ane oocasions that an opportunity of searching for them
occur
Bud Folie. —At the apex of terminal or lateral twigs, in early
summer, occurs the multicellular gall known as the *
or * King Charles' apple, ich i
Biorhiza aptera, Bosc., mentioned in me. rond paragraph.
The galls are large, often over an inch a spongy and soft
when fresh, often reddish or yellowish in qu with a harder
central portion, consisting is any chambers aggregated together,
each containing a single lar
The Artichoke-gall iis: E name from its dece ceri ns
small globe artichoke, the gall — enclosed within
enlarged apee or Jeat-scales, j 2 tol — long. It teas: curs in
autumn, and is y Andricus gemmae. ‘The spring form of
the gall, which is i bility. and occurs on the catkins,-has not been
— at Kew
Terminal bu di or young shoots "ree the central cavity
roe ey above with a thin membrane, and containing an egg-
shaped inner gall, which is attached to the lotto of the cavity.
e gall occurs sparingly in June, and is made by Andricus
inflator, Hartig.
Terminal or lateral buds transformed into globular galls, about
1j to 2 lines broad, yellow or red in colour, and projecting from dry
Error He gall occurs in autumn, and is the autumn form
of Andricus inflator, irr described above, formerly known as
Aphilothriz globuli, artig.
Terminal buds or young shoots, or sometimes the leaves,
ransformed into a swollen, somewhat twisted body, containing a
Hides aped inner gall, or occasionally two or dut It occurs
0 in May : ne, mad ndri
Andricus collaris, Hartig, has not been observed at Kew. It
occurs on the buds, and is oval, 1 to e lines long, pale nene or
red brown with a darker nipple-like ti
Terminal buds transformed into stalked galls, three to six t lines
long, with the slender stalk nearly as long as. gall. Occurs
48
from June to August, somewhat rarely, and is made by nario
callidoma, Giraud. "The spring form of the gall, formerly know
as Andricus cirrhatus, Adler, which occurs in cottony groups dm
the catkins, has not been observed at Kew
Terminal buds transformed into oval green galls, 25 to 3 lines
long, pate spotted with white. It occurs in May and June, and
hl. :
is ma My t albotihictaás: Sel
Terminal buds transformed into brown, AOSE obtuse
galls, bemi l to i lines long, made by Andricus autumnalis,
i xamples are preserved in the Kew Medi ich
artig. wh
were collected at Kew, in the autumn of 1876, by the m
Miss merod. The spring form of the gall, formerly
known as Andricus ramuli, L., which occurs in crowded cottony
masses on the catkins in June, has not been observed
ommon marble gall, which takes its name from its
Mam URA to a marble in shape and size, is generally common
in autumn, and persists on the branches. The galls are trans-
formed terminal or lateral buds, and are made by the insect
known as Cynips Kollari, Hartig.
Leaf galls. On the veins, situated between two brown scales
occur ngn oval smooth and brittle galls, about a line long, pale
green o r yellow, with isl red spots. It occurs commonly i
autumn, and is made by Andricus ostreus, Giraud. It is believed
that the bud gall known as Spathegaster s pie c is the spring
form of this gall, but it has not been observed at Kew.
The gall of Andricus curvator, Hartig, mentioned above as
ese on the buds or young shoots, also occurs on the petioles
and nerves of the leaf.
On the midrib or principal veins, occur large globular thick-
walled galls, 4 to 6 li ines in diameter, which are soft and fleshy
when fresh, nd ellowi sh-green or red on one side. It is made
by Dryophanta folii, L . (D. scutellaris), and is fairly common in
autumn. The spring form , Which occurs on buds, and is much
smaller, velvety, and purple in colour, has not been observed at
Kew
On the midrib and principal veins, occur small naked and
shining galls, 2 to 2 lines in diameter and d ee depressed,
pale yellow and more or Jess red on one sid hey made by
about 2 lines long, broadened above, yellowish green or reddish,
dotted with white, has not been observed at Kew.
Nearly allied to the two preceding, is a gall 24 to 41 lines in
diameter, pale yellow or banded or suffused with red m pu EUNDI
side; the skin is rough with small protuberances.
autumn and is not rare. It is made by Dryophanta palio IER
Harti The spring form, which is aplong, l line pev. gresnish
and covered with white hairs, has not been observed a
The silk-button gall occurs gregariously on the under surface
of the leaf, between the — It takes its name from the shape,
being circular, thick, and depressed in the centre, and covered
49
with appressed silky brown hairs. It is made by Neuroterus
numismatis, Oliv., and is usually abundant. The spring form of
the l, which is about twice as large, and sunk in the leaf
Scarcely projecting on either Surface, and green, has not been
observed at Kew.
The common spangle gall occurs gregariously on the under
surface of the leaves, between the veins, in autumn. It is flat,
with a swollen depressed-conical centre, 1jto? lines in diameter,
size of a red currant, soft and juicy, and green more or less
suffused or streaked with red where exposed to the sun. The
f is usually common, but not nearly so abundant as
the autumn form.
nd ;
lighter in colour. It is usually very local, but gregarious where
found. The maker is known as Neuroterus laeviusculus, Schenck.
The spring form of the gall, which is ovoid, smooth, } to 1 line long,
and greenish yellow in colour, has not been observed at Kew.
The smooth spangle gall is similar to the preceding in size, and
a i me are no hairs
ig, and mmonly á is
usually less gregarious than the three preceding. The spring
form of the gall, which is pea-shaped, 2 lines in diameter, and
bears a number of soft white hairs, has not been observed at Kew.
Catkin galls. The currant gall occurs most characteristically
on the catkins, and it has derived its name from its ize an
colour, and from the cireumstance that frequently several occur
on the same catkin, and thus resemble small bunches of currants.
In other respects it agrees with the same gall as found on the
leaves. It is common in spring, and is made by Neuroterus
baccarum, L., its autumn form being the common spangle gall.
On the catkins also occur small oblong galls, about a line long,
and somewhat, but not densely hairy. They oceur in June an
are rather rare. The maker is believed to be Andricus amenti,
Giraud.
The currant gall, produced by Newroterus baccarum, L., and
its autumn form, the common spangle gall, are both common, an
show precisely the same features as on Q. pedunculata. ;
13757 D
50
The silk-button gall, produced by Neuroterus pumiemetis
Oliv., is alas common on the undersides of the leaves in autumn
The small globular gall on the nerves of the leaf, produced "
Andricus ostreus, Giraud, is occasionally found, but is not
common.
a-shaped galls, produced by Dryophanta jerang Hartig,
are Sindano found on the under surfaces of the
The marble gall, peach 2 Ar ira Kollari, inis is almost
as common as on Q. p
Lastly, the common igi gall, the summer form of the
gall produced by Biorhiza aptera, Bosc., is occasionally foun
The autumn and winter form, which occurs on the roots, has not
been searched for.
Quercus lanuginosa, Thuill., more commonly known by its later
name of Q. pubescens, Willd., is nearly allied to the preceding, but
differs in having the leaves hairy beneath. Itisa native of ATUM
and Western Asia. Four galls have been found on it at Kew
The currant e produced by Neuroterus baccarum, = and
its autumn form, the common spangle gall, may generally be
found in their lide season
EM 1 partis gall, SESE by Cynips Kollari, Hartig, is fairly
co
ee vul the well-known oak-apple gall, the summer gall of
— aptera, Bosc., is often common. The autumn and
winter form, which occurs on the roots, has not been searched
for.
Quercus Toza, Bosc. A native of South-western Europe, having
the leaves very pubescent beneath, in which respect it much
ci
Both the currant gall, produced by Newroterus RS L.,
and its autumnal form, the common spangle gall, are commo
met with,
The marble gall, produced by Cynips Kollari, Hartig, is also
abundant, Trgi ciently so in the case of some young trees to injure
the bra
Suse RE. Kit. (Q. Farnetto, — es South European
species, allied to Q. sessiliflora and Q. lanug
"P
common spangle gall, made by Nard terus a n L
utumn,
Th
occurs commonly on the undersides of the leaves during a
but I have not seen the spring form, the currant gall.
Quercus lusitanica, Lam. A widely-diffused South European
oak, from PENR to Asia Minor. Four galls have been
found on it at Kew
The currant gall, produced by Neuroterus baccarum, L., occurs
rarely, but the autumnal form, the common spangle gall, is often
quite common.
51
The smooth spangle gall, produced by pases fe sh sip a
Hartig, is occasionally found, but seldom in quan
The small globular galls of Dryophanta dvs, jen are also
sometimes found on the undersides of the leav
Quercus infectoria, Oliv. This oak ranges from South-East
Europe to Persia, and produces the well-known galls of commerce,
Five different galls occur on it at Kew, as follow
The currant om produced by Newroterus M L., and
its autumnal form, the common mae worth gall, are both found,
ga the ntdicon are not often numero
silk-button gall, produced by Neu tapis —95
Oliv., ia occasionally found on the leaves of this o
The s ll gall made by An: eng ostreus, "erae on the midrib
of the mm is found, but not commonly.
On the leaves are also found ae of the spring form of
the gall made by Andricus collaris, Hartig, formerly known as
A. curvator, Hart artig.
Quercus dentata, Thwnb. A Japanese oak, having large hairy
lobed ri much resembling those of Q. pedunculata i in shape
and tex
The common spangle gall, made by Neuroterus baccarum, on
the undersides of the leaves was observed a few years ago.
reus Turneri, Willd. A hybrid between Quercus pedun-
dilati, Willd., and Q. Ilex, Linn. (the ahaa er rote | inter-
mediate between them in almost arti The oak
formerly identified PY me with Q. diauduk ee bins: proves to
be a form of the same, and not the Japanese species supposed.
Seven different kinds of galls occur upon it, all being common to
it and to the parent, Q. Verve
of the species, the common spangle gall, on this oak, and it may
be that the hard epidermis of the PA as it approaches maturity
protects it from puncture by the ins
The silk-button galls of Neur Sues oe A Oliv., are some-
times abundant on this oak, though a small number only come to
maturity, and even one are generally smaller than when they
occur on Q. pedunc.
The artichoke - gout ced by Andricus penu is occasion-
ally found on the terminal buds of this oak.
. On the young leaves are found examples of the spring form of
the gall of Andricus collaris, Hartig, which was formerly known
x. curvator, Hartig.
A single example of the cherry gall, "guai by Dryophanta
longiventris, Hartig, was Marce on a leaf some years ago. The
smaller leaf-gall, produce by races divisa, Hartig, occurs
sparingly on this oak.
13757 D2
52
Lastly, the "pis gall, produced by Cynips Kollari, Hartig, is
often abundant. Many of them are dwarfed, — —Á
a pea in size, w often have an elongated or acuminate point. At
first these were thought to be dwarfed Lu SECTIO bar. tha true
maker was afterwards bred from them
Quercus Cerris, L. The mosey-eupped oak, a native of South
and Eastern Europe and Asia Min The only gall which I have
found
ound to be dwarfed, protruding Apes little beyond the cup,
and if these are examined the conten e found to be replaced
by several small galls, each a eui a ak of the insect.
Aneren ee, Loud. The Lucombe oak, a hybrid between
iS, and Q. Auben, Linn., th e cork oak. The
204, 206 ; xiv.. 57; and x
It may be interesting to its the botanical range of the galls
which affect more than one species of oak, which are as follows :—
Biortiza aptera, Bosc., occurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. sessiliflora,
and Q. lanuginosa.
Andricus gemmae occurs on Q. pedunculata and Q. Turneri.
A. een Sai occurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. infectoria,
and Q. Tur
ostreus, Giraud, occurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. eios,
ia Q. infectoria :
Dryophanta PR Hartig, oceurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. sessili-
Jlora, and Q. lusitanica.
D. longiventris, Hartig, occurs on Q. pedunculata and Q.
Turneri.
Neuroterus numismatis, Oliv., sone on Q. pedunculata, Q.
sessiliflora, Q. infectoria and Q. "Turn
N. baccarum, L., occurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. sessili iflora, Q.
lanuginosa, Q. ' Toza, 9. conforta, Q. lusitanica, Q. infectoria, Q.
dentata, and Q. Turn
N. fumipennis, Hartig, occurs on Q. pedunculata and Q. lusi-
tanica.
Cynips Kollari, Hartig, iu on Q. —— Q. sessiliflora,
Q. lanuginosa, Q. Toza, and Q. Tur
Callirhytis (Andricus) glandium, Giraud, occurs on Q. Cerris
and Q. /ucombeana.
It may be interesting to add that on these different termes of
oak each kind of gall retained its own distinctive character
53
Two or ay TO worthy of special mention came
out during my observations. The first was the absence of the
excessively hard as der penance maturity, somewhat resembling
those of the Q. Ilex parent, the insect may find a difficulty in
depositing its eggs. "The suggestion is only made in default of a
better one, and may not have much foundation in fact, for the
1 of N. numismatis was abundant.
he second point of interest is that on Quercus pedunculata va
granbyana the common spangle gall is invariably of a rigen
blackish purple colour. It is true that a trace of similar colour
foliage. The gall was also found on the yellow-leaved variety
concordia, but [sse no difference of colour was observed.
The third curious point relates to the acorn galls, produced by
Callirhytis (Andricus) n um. These galls are abundant in
certain years, and aitempts have been MCA to breed the insects.
but always without success. The curious thing is that the larve
remain apparently healthy for several years in succession, but
refuse to assume the perfect state. E have repeated the experi-
ment with the same result. Mayr and Miss Ormerod have
noticed the fact, and Mr. E. A. Fitch sol jocibd some in 1878
which were still living in 1881. Yet the gall appears annually,
ARACHNIDA.
ARANEIDEA (Spiders).
By Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S.
Considering ni limited area of Kew Gardens, the followin
list of 134 species of spiders found in it seems a very fair result
of the efforts E ted to this branch of Natural History by
Mr. Nicholson. I feel very little doubt, however, that
many more species would rewa a collector who could
ge p
I may mention that there is a small fir plantation and rough
heather enclosure of no more than two and a half acres in extent
in my own district, where two of my sons, then small lads of 10
54
and 12 years old, collected in one season, 150 species, A
considerable proportion of these were among the “ Micros.” The
late Mr, Tuffen West, when illustrating Mr. Blackwall’s work on
spiders, for the Ray Society, came to stay for a time with me, in
order to make as many drawings as possible from living examples.
In one of our collecting rambles, we came across a pateh of moss
and short heather, about four feet square, from which we bottled
in the course of a couple of hours 40 species, several of them new
to science. Of the Kew spiders, the larger number are of
sprinkling of rarities, and local forms. Two only appear to be
bicolor) may possibly be an importe
rdens may take up the running where Mr. Nicholson has now
been obliged to drop it? I shall always be most glad to receive
and work out whatever may be met with.—0O. P.-Cambridge,
October 23rd, 1902.
DYSDERIDAE,
Dysdera Cambridgii, horell. A. In outhouse—a local species.
Only once collected.
D. erocota, C. L. Koch. B. In orchid-house, also in Cactus-
ouse. P. Amongst grass roots at foot of wall of Old Palace.
Harpactes Hombergii, Scop. B. In curator's office. Q. Amongst
grass in hedge bank facing Old Deer Park.
Segestria senoculata, L. Q. Under bark of trees, April, 1897.
Oonops pulcher, Templet. Q. Collected twice, November, 1897,
November, 1899.
DRASSIDAE. s
Drassus lapidosus, Walck. August, 1898, and J une, 1899.
D. macer, T'hor.-Cambr. An adult male in residence of Keeper
of Herbarium, June, 1899.
D. eupreus, Blackw. P. Under bark of old plane, February,
1898. Also near Herbarium, amongst bushes, 1900.
D. Blackwallii, Thorell. Almost exclusively a house spider.
Prosthesima nigrita, Fabr. A. Amongst low bushes, adult
female, June, 1899. A rather rare British Spider.
P. Latreillii, C. L. Koch. Only found once, in house No. xviii.,
January, 1900.
Micaria pulicaria, Sundeval. - Only collected once, July, 1898,
on ground in herbaceous department.
55
Clubiona terrestris, Westr. ee grass roots and moss in
all the divisions. A common species
C. lutescens, Westy. In bushes in herbarium ground, adult
males, April, 1899. In a 1899, a specimen taken in residence
of keeper of herbarium
C. neglecta, Cambr. Once collected, herbaceous department, on
the ground, April, 1899. This species has been found in other
parts of e pr itisa rare spider ; itis met with in Germany
as well as in Fra
C. holosericea, ET An abundant British spider in swampy
situations among rushes, &c.
C. pallidula, C/erck. P. Under bark of old planes, chestnuts, &c.,
in winter—amongst bushes in summer. B. Rockery. Common.
C. diversa, Si gael A. Once collected amongst juniper bushes,
October, 1898. A rare species
C. compta, C. L. Koch. A. B. P. Amongst orte and other low-
growing shrubs—a rather common Kew spider
C. corticalis, Walck. A.Q. Common. Under bark of trees in
winter, amongst grass and low bushes at other times.
Zora maculata, Blackw. October, 1898. Abundant; in Britain,
among débris of old hedges.
Agroeca inopina, Cambr. A. Amongst short grass round pes:
Q. Along sunny hed; ge-bank, facing Old Deer Park. This ies
has previously been taken in two widely-separated lonsties, in
Dorsetshire, and in South Wales, near Glamorgan.
DICTYNIDAE.
Duty arundinacea, L. Amongst low bushes in all the
divisions. A very abundant British spider.
ncinata, Westr. asa low bushes throughout the whole
of ihe area; common
D. pusilla, Westr. A. Only collected once, June, 1899, amongst
low juniper bushes. A rare spider.
D. aene C. L. Koch. Once collected, September, 1899, in
Pagoda V
D. viridissima, Walck. An adult male, ones 1898, amongst
juniper bushes; an adult female under k of horse-chestnut,
near Grand Entrance, December, 1901. The dy hithe rted
occurrence of this peniee in England was about twenty years ago
on Box Hill, Surre
Lethia humilis, B/ackw. Twice found—Q. April, 1899, amongst "
low bushes; A. June, 1899. A very abundant spider in the
South of England.
56
Amaurobius ferox, Walck. Collected twice amongst decaying
stumps south end of herbaceous ground, March and April, 1897,
and twice in Q., February, 1899.
A. similis, Blackw. One of the commonest Kew spiders. In
greenhouses, cartsheds, under stones and bark of trees.
A. fenestralis, Stroem. Temperate House and Temperate House
pits, April, 1897. Not noted elsewhere in Kew. Chiefly a
northern form.
AGELENIDAE.
Tegenaria parietina, Fourcro y. Old buildings, well of pumping
station, &c. Probably the spider which has been inaccuratel
stated to be peculiar to pe Ai Petal under the name of “ The
ardinal."
there are nine genera and 24 ica in Britain. t Kew
have discovered up to the t 12 species veles ive
genera. All have been detormnmel pe Mr. Pickard-Cambridge.
Liobunum rotundum, Laír. Common amongst grass in the open,
also in woods.
L. Blackwallii, Meade. Only collected once (1898), in Palace
grounds.
Phalangium Opilio, L
P. parietinum, Degeer. Only seen once, July, 1899, near Old
Palace.
P. saxatile, C. L. Koch. Q. Once collected, July, 1899.
Platybunus corniger. Herm. Common amongst herbage and
low bushes in all the divisions.
P. triangularis, Herbst. Amongst grass and ieaves in Q.
Oligolophus morio, Fabr. Amongst grass, low bushes, and herbage
in Q.
0. agrestis, Meade. Common in all the divisions.
O. ephippiatus, C. L. Koch. Collected only once in Kew, July,
1899.
O. spinosus, Bosc. One specimen was seen running over a
visitor's coat in the Curator's office, in September, 1898. Another
taken in Arboretum. A local and rare species.
Nemastoma lugubre, O. F. Müller. ‘An — species
amongst grass, MOSS, and dead leaves in Q.
64
ACARINA.
TROMBIDIIDAE (Harvest-mites).
Actineda sp. i
TARSONEMIDAE.
Tarsonymus floricolus, Canestrini & Fanzago. On leaves of
Ceropegia Woodii (see Kew Bull., 1895, 285-6).
T. Kirchneri, Kramer (= T. buxi, Canestrini & Rerleate): On
leaves of Begonia, Cyclamen, ác.
GAMASIDAE.
Gamasus coleoptratorum, L, Parasitic on the dung beetle.
Holotaspis montivagus, Berlesc. Parasitic on the dung beetle.
Laelaps sp. Parasitic on the dung beetle.
Lejus sp. Parasitic on Rhizoglyphus echinopus and Histiostoma
rostroserratum.
HYDRACHNIDAE (Water-mites).
By Chas. D. Soar, F.R.M.S.
Several collections have been made during the present vear in
the waters of Kew Gardens for Hydrachnidae, but although a large
number of specimens were taken, they represent only a small
si. 15 : fr
considerably to the present small list. As most if not all of the
Hydrachnids nd the larval stage as parasites for about a year,
it is more than probable that the list will be largely extended.
Hygrobatinae.
Atax crassipes, Mill. Free swimming in lake near Palm House.
A. intermedius, Koenike. Parasitic in fresh-water mussel,
common in large lake. This Hydrachnid can be found in all
stages in the mussel.
Piona conglobatus, Koch. Found in large lake and lily pond.
P. rufa, Koch. Large lake.
Limnesia histrionica, Hermann. Common in large lake.
L. koenikei, Piersig. Lily-pond and large lake.
L. undulata, Müll. Lily pond.
65
i Ls versicolor, Müll. Common in large lake and lily
pond. ^
Arrhenurus crassicaudatus, Kram. Large lake.
Hydryphantinae.
Diplodontus despiciens, Müll. Large lake, common.
Eulainae.
Eulais descreta, Koenike. Large lake.
Hydrachninae.
Hydrachna seutata, Piersig. Large lake.
ORIBATIDAE. (Beetle-Mites.)
Tegeocranus latus, Koch. Abundant on dead wood in autumn.
T. dentatus, Michael. Abundant on dead wood in autumn.
Damaeus geniculatus, (C. L. Koch, er Linn.)
Hoploderma dasypus, Dugés.
TYROGLYPHIDAE.
Histiostoma rostro-serratum, Mégnin. An extremely abundant
species very widely distributed ; it usually follows decay and is
not a cause of it. Found swarming on decaying bulbs of Lilium
Hansoni.
Rhizoglyphus echinopus, Fumouse and Robin. On fern
fronds, &c.
SCORPIONIDAE.
PSEUDO-SCORPIONES.
Obisium muscorum.
Menon Meuse dim Found inside the flower of Asarum
ockery, June, 1900. This species has hitherto
beni E Known on ir from one or two localities in the South of
Europe.
C. Rayi.
SCORPIONES.
Euscorpio carpathicus, Koch. A common South European and
Algerian form.
13757 E
66
8. ANNELIDA.
OLIGOCHAETA.
The soils of Wardian cases furnish very favourable media for
the transport of earthworms. It is therefore, not surprising that
from Reges brought to Kew w in this MAAROF: For the identi-
fication of the species | of this group we are indebted to Mr. F. E.
ee bahamensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 196. Native
of the Baham
*Trichodrilus roseus, Bedd. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1897.
Tubifex sp.
Branchiura sowerbii, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 271. Habitat
unknown,
Enchytraeus — Michaelsen. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch.,
340. Native of Germany (Elbe shore). Found in bulbs of
Fritillaria Meleagris
Fridericia hegemon, Michaelsen. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 348.
- Native of Germany. Found in bulbs of Fritillaria e.
New to Britain.
*Perichaeta sinensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 410. Native of
China. Also found in a forcing house in the Berlin Botanic
Gardens
“P, din ri, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 411. Native of Trinidad,
Jamaica, and Lagos
*P. Morrisi, Bodd. Monogr. Oligoch., 411. Native of Penang.
= Sener: Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 419. Native of
"T. ——À Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch. 415. Native of
Barbado
"P. vem e Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 415. Native of
Mauritiu
P. sumatrana, Horst. Bedd. sean Oligoch., 422. Native of
Sumatra, Hong Kong and Barbados
P. posthuma. Vaillant. Bedd. Monogr. ui" 424, Native
of Celebes, Philippines, India and the Baham
Typhaeus -oe Bedd. Introduced from the Calcutta
Botanic Garden
*Microdrilus saliens, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 506. Native of
Java and Penang.
67
*Gordiodrilus tenuis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 507. Native of
West Tropical Africa.
*G. robustus, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch, 508. Native of Lagos.
*G. elegans, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 508. Native of Lagos.
*G. ditheca, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 509. Native of Lagos.
*G. dominicensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 509. Native of
Dominica.
——— lacuum, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 515. Native
os.
Tronua crassa, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 570. Native of
agos
i a ogy durbanensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 589. Native
of Dur
Eudrilus eugeniae, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 604. Apparently
introduced into many parts of the world. Found in the soil of a
Wardian case from British Guiana.
*Hyperiodrilus africanus, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 618. Native
f W i
*Heliodrilus lagosensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 619. Native
of Lagos.
Sparganophilus sp.
*Trichochaeta hesperidum, Bedd. Monogr. Dgoeb« 647. Native
of Jamaica and Trinidad. Introduced from Jam
*T. barbadensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 647. Native of
Barbados
*Ilyogenia africana, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 650. Native of
Durban.
ontoscolex corethrurus, Horst. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 658.
Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres.
Allolobophora emer A. Monogr. Oligoch., 701. Native
of Central and Western Eur
A. foetida, Eisen. Bedd. ied Oligoch., 702.
A. chlorotica, Vejdovsky. € Monogr. Oligoch., 703. Native
of Europe, the Azores and Orien
A. constricta, Rosa. Bedd. E Oligoch., 711. An Italian
frre. apparently not previously recorded in Br itain. Found in
rotten wood in Queen's Cottage grounds.
Lumbricus rubellus, Hoffmeister. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 722.
Widely di tis ributed in north temperate regions, in Nicobar and
in New Zealand.
L. ipe Dugés. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch. 724. Widely
distributed in the north temperate zone.
13757 E2
68
HIRUDINEA.
Hirudo medicinalis, Z.
Glossiphonia sexoculata. Water-lily pond.
9. PLATYHELMINTHES.
TURBELLARIA.
Bipalium Kewense. “Occasionally met with in hot-houses all
over the world.” Shipley and Macbride, * kae y, 1901, . 579.
Polycelis nigra. In the laboratory tank.
10. ROTIFERA.
By Charles F. Rousselet, F.R.M.S.
The 120 species enumerated in the following list were phisined
on Mc pte occasions during the years 1897— 1902 from the orna-
mental waters of Kew mentioned below, and denoted in the list
by the figures 1-5.
1l.
weeds of various kinds, and inhabited on the "surface by orna-
mental water-fowl. At times pomi ahs Lasers Floscules,
were plentiful, also some free such as S4 ynchaeta.
tremula, S. oblonga and Phone dali vibes At other times
the water was found remarkably clear and free from rambaia]
ife.
2. The pond, between museum No. 1. and the palm house, is
inhabited by numerous aquatic birds, but totally free from wa ater-
weeds such as are la: abundant in the la ke. This was often found
to eontain vast numbers of Asplanchna priodonta, Bi E dac
pala, Synchaeta pectinata, S. oblonga, Rotifer vulgaris, and m
other species, The rich bacterial and infusorial “ae and fatina
which apparently owe their existence to the excrement of the
water-fowl, provide food material for the Rotifera
3. The water-lily pond, near the extreme west end of the lake
is a small shallow piece of water which has yielded rich
gatherings occasionally.
The tank near the laboratory, devoted to the meege 2:
eere ege plants has been found very rich i n spec
on one occasion, on cu 8th, 1897, I Ae
10 diffe out species of Rotifers from
69
. The Victoria Regia tank has not yielded many Rotifers, but
twice I found there the rather rare C. ephalesinho limnias. The
water is kept at a temperature of about 85° F
new species have so far been discovered, nor have I
found any Rotifer of extreme rarity, aa males of Euchlanis
oropha a and x triquetra were obtained in No. 4 tank for the first
: rally ipiking thé rotatorial fauna of the Gardens is
fairly Pas: of that usually found round London
The spring and the — particularly October, seem to be
the times when there is the greatest abundance and variety in
v nie ipfe (s M doctis a species becomes very prolifie in the
mer months.
The Rotifera form a class of animals fairly cosmopolitan in
their range, the same species, with very few exce ipu being
found all « over the world, when thoroughly searched fo
,
d
se’s Monograph: The Rotifera or Wheel-
Animaleules (London, 1886-89). Those to which references are
ad e been discovered since the publication of this standard
RHIZOTA.
Floscularia ornata, Ehrenbg. 1 and 4.
F. ambigua, Hudson. J and 4.
F. cornuta, Dobie. 1.
F. edentata, Collins. 1.
F, regalis, Hudson. 1.
F. annulata, Hood ; Science Gossip, 1888, p. 8. 1.
Stephanoceros Eichhornii, Ehrenbg. 4.
Melicerta ringens, Schrank. 4.
M. tubicolaria, Ehrenbg. 1.
Limnias ceratophylli, Schrank. 2 and 5.
L. annulatus, Weber, var. granulosus, Weber, Faune Rotato-
rienne du Bassin du Chaan; 1898, p. 292. 4and 5.
Cephalosiphon limnias Ehrenbg. 5.
Oecistes crystallinus, EArenbg. 1, 2, and 5.
O. intermedius, Davis. 4.
Lacinularia socialis, Hhvenbg. In the riverside ditch.
Conochilus unicornis, Rousselet ; Journ. Quekett Mier. Club, iv.
1892, p. 367.
70
BDELLOIDA.
Philodina megalotrocha, Ehrenbg. 1.
Rotifer megaceros, Gosse. 4.
R. vulgaris, Schrank. 1 and 4.
R. neptunius, Hhrenby. 1.
R. macrurus, Schrank. 2 and 3.
PLOIMA.
IL-LORICATA.
Asplanchna priodonta, 4 & 9. Gosse. Frequent in 1 and 2.
A. Brightwelli, Gosse. 2.
A. intermedia, Hudson. 3.
Synchaeta pectinata, Ehrenbg. 1, 2, 3, 4.
S. tremula, Hhrenbg. 1, 3, 4.
S. oblonga, Ehrenbg.; Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. 1902, p. 284. 1,3,4.
8. stylata, Wierzjewsky ; Rotatoria Galicyi, 1892, p. 62. 1.
Ascomorpha helvetica, Perty (Sacculus viridis, Gosse). 2, 3, 4.
A. (Hertwigia) volvocina, Plate. Parasitic in Volvor globator. 3.
Triarthra longiseta, Hhrenbg. 1, 2 and 3.
T. breviseta, Gosse. 1.
T. mystacina, Ehrenbg. 1.
verdes platyptera, Ehrenbg. Frequently occurring in 1, 2, 3
and 4,
P. aptera, Hood ; Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, v. 1893, p. 281. 1.
Rhinops vitrea, Hudson. 1.
Notops hyptopus, EArenbg. 3 and 4.
Copeus cerberus, Gosse. 3.
Taphroeampa annulosa, Gosse. 4.
Notommata torulosa, Dujardin. 1.
N. cyrtopus, Gosse. 1.
N. ansata, Ehrenbg. 4.
N. tripus, Ehrenbg. 4.
Proales decipiens, Hhrenbg. 4.
P, petromyzon, Ehrenbg. 1.
P. felis, Ehrenbg. 1.
11
Furcularia forficula, Ehrenbg. 1 and 4.
F. longiseta, Ehrenbg. 4.
Eosphora aurita, Ehrenbg. 1.
Diglena biraphis, Gosse. 1 and 4.
D. forcipata, Hhrenbg. 4.
D. catellina, Ehrenbg. 1 and 4.
D. ferox, Western ; Journ. Quekett Mier. Club, v. 1893, p. 155. 1.
LORICATA.
Mastigocerca bicornis, Ehrenbg. Frequent in 3 and 4.
M. elongata, Gosse. 3 and 4.
M. rattus, Ehrenbg. land 4.
M. stylata, Gosse. 1 and 3.
M. carinata, Ehrenbg. 3.
Rattulus bieornis, Western ; Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, v. 1893,
p. .L
p
$
Coelopus brachiurus, Gosse. Frequent in 4.
C. porcellus, Gosse. Frequent in 1 and 4.
C. tenuior, Gosse. 4.
Dinocharis tetractis, Hhrenbg. 4.
D. pocillum, Ehrenbg. Frequent in 1, 3 and 4.
Scaridium longicandum, Ehrenbg. 3 and 4.
Stephanops lamellaris, Hhren?g. 1 and 4.
Salpina mucronata, Ehrenbg. 1.
S. spinigera, Ehrenbg. 4.
S. macracantha, Gosse. 4.
S. brevispina, Ehrenbg. 1.
Diaschiza gibba, Ehrenbg.; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1903, p. 6.
2 and 4.
D. caeca, Gosse. .
D. globata, Gosse; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. lc. 4.
D. Hoodii, Gosse ; Journ. Rcy. Micr. Soc. le s
D. exigua, Gosse ; Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. lc. land 2.
D. lacinulata, Müller; Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. l.c. 1,2,3 and 4.
D. gracilis, Ehrenbg. ; Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. le. 4
D. sterea, Gosse. land 4.
12
Diaschiza ventripes, Nuttall ; Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, viii.
1901, p.25. 4.
Euchlanis oropha, 4 & 9, Gosse. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
E. hyalina, Hudson. 3 and 4.
E. deflexa, 4 & 9, Gosse. land 4.
E. triquetra, 4 & 9, Ehrenbg. 4.
Cathypna rusticula, Gosse. 1,3 and 4.
C. luna, Hhrenbg. 1 and 4.
Distyla flexilis, Gosse. 1.
D. spinifera, Western; Journ. Quekett Mier. Club, v. 1894,
p.427. 1.
Monostyla cornuta, Ehrenbg. 4.
M. arcuata, Bryce; Science Gossip, 1891, p. 204. 1.
M. lunaris, Zhrenbg. 1.
M. quadridentata, Ehrenbg. 1.
Colurus leptus, Gosse. land 4.
C. caudatus, Ehrenbg. A.
Metopidia lepadella, Ehrenóg. 1, 2 and 4.
M. solidus, Gosse. 2 and 4.
M. acuminata, EArenbg. 1 and 3.
M. oxysternon, Gosse. 1.
Pterodina patina, ERrenbg. land 4.
Pompholyx sulcata, Hudson. 2.
Brachionus Bakeri, Hhrenbg. 1, 2 and 4.
B. urceolaris, Ehrenbg. 4.
B. quadratus, Rousselet. 2 and 4.
B. angularis, Gosse. Frequent in 1 and 2.
B. pala, Ehrenbg. 1, 2,3 and 4.
B. rubens, Ehrenbg. 1.
B. dorcas, Gosse. 3.
Noteus quadricornis, EArenbg. 4.
Anuraea aculeata, Hhrenbg. Frequent in 1 and 2.
A. aculeata, var. brevispina, Gosse. Frequent in 3 and 4.
A. curvicornis, Ehrenbg. 4.
A. cochlearis, Gosse. Frequent in 1, 2 and 4.
13
Anuraea cochlearis, var. stipitata, EArenbg. 4.
A. hypelasma, Gosse. 1, 3 and 4.
A. serrulata, Ehrenbg. 4.
A. tecta, Gosse. 2.
Notholca acuminata, Mhrenby. 4.
N. scapha, Gosse. Frequent in 1 and,2.
N.labis, Gosse. 1.
N. heptodon, Perty. 1.
Pedalion mirum, Hudson. 3.
11. PORIFERA.
DEMOSPONGIAE.
Ephydatia fluviatilis.
Spongilla fluviatilis. On Dreissensia shells in lake.
8. lacustris. Lake.
12. PROTOZOA.
CORTICATA.
Vorticella mic.ostoma. Lake.
Paramoecium caudatum. Lake.
IL—FLORA.
L PHANEROGAMS AND VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS.
By G. Nicholson, F.L.S.
The following list of the flowering plants and higher cryptogams
is founded on the one published in the “ Journal of Botany,” for
January, 1875. Since that time a number of species has been
added to the wild flora,and segregates have been duly determined.
Some plants, such as Lysimachia Pilars, Typha angusti otia,
Phragmites communis, &c., have all the appearance of being truly
wild at Kew, but are not in reality natives of the district, having
be noted at any season, but these are not included in the
flora. A very interesting feature connected with the d flora of
74
Kew is the small proportion of naturalized eno cp pat
when the character of oe locality is taken into accou No
alien has spread—and at the same time, held its ovii in com-
petition with native pins He Clay ylonia perfoliata, Impatiens
parviflora, Erigeron canadense, Galinsoga parviflora and Elodea
canadensis
Owing to continual alterations, and to the higher cultivation
b now obtains—in comparison with that of a score or more
ears ago—-numbers of eges sine in certain localities were
Suaint then, are now rare or have perhaps disappeared
ground furnishing many species. Localities, therefore, of many
interesting plants have been perforce destroyed.
The Rubi have been determined by the Rev. W. Moyle Rogers
G. Bak
and Mr. J. er. Some of the most common of the Surrey
brambles do not occur within = limits. The roses are named
in accordance with Mr. Baker onograph, and the seme
have been seen and the names sections by its author
Ranunculus fluitans, Lamb. Lake and ha-ha.
R. circinatus, Sibth. Ha-ha.
R. sceleratus, L. A. By lake.
R. acris, L. Common.
R. repens, L. Common.
R. bulbosus, L. Common.
R. Ficaria, L. Plentiful in shady places.
Caltha palustris, L. Common along ha-ha, &c.
Eranthis hyemalis, Salisb. In turf in palace grounds, &c.
Nymphaea alba, L. In ha-ha bordering Q. Elsewhere planted.
Nuphar lutea, Sm. In ha-ha bordering Q. Elsewhere planted.
Papaver Rhæas, L. Here and there, not common.
Chelidonium majus, L. B. P. Abundant in latter division.
Var. laciniatum. B. P. Here and there with type.
Fumaria officinalis, Z. Common in all the divisions.
Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. Strip. Here and there along ha-ha.
N. sylvestre, R. Br. A. Abundant near edge of lake. Strip.
Here and there. :
N. palustre, DC. A. About lake. Not so common as the last-
named.
15
E Nasturtium amphibium, R. Br. A. Here and there about lake.
trip.
Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. A. About lake, Strip. Common.
B. stricta, Andrz. A. Near lake. Strip. Not uncommon.
Cardamine hirsuta, Z. Moist shady places in all the divisions.
C. flexuosa, With. A. Most frequent near lake.
C. pratensis, Z. Common in all the divisions.
Var. dentata, Reichb. (C. dentata, Schultz). P. Abundant
in low ground between palace and herbarinm.
C.amara, L. By ha-ha, abundant.
C. impatiens, L. A. An apetalous form grows abundantly under
trees by the wall skirting Kew Road, opposite flagsta
Sisymbrium Thalianum, J. Gay. Common as weed in shrub-
beries, &c.
S. officinale, Scop. Common in all the divisions.
S. Alliaria, Scop. A. Ice house mound. P.Q. Here and there.
Erysimum cheiranthoides, L. A common weed in beds.and
edges of shrubberies. Strip. Common on towing pat
Brassica Rapa, L. Q. Strip. Many plants in both divisions.
Diplotaxis muralis, DC. Strip. On, and by the side of, the
towing path.
Erophila bo ae DC. Extremely common on walks, in
flower-beds,
Camelina sativa, Craniz. A. Here and there in cultivated
groun
Capsella Bursa-Pastoris, Medic. Everywhere.
Senebiera didyma, Pers. Everywhere. A troublesome weed.
Lepidium ruderale, L. A. Here and there on dry ground, by
walks, etc.
L. Smithii, Hook. A. Frequent all about lake, also in turf, near
winter garden.
Thlaspi arvense, L. A. Here and there in cultivated ground.
Teesdalia nudicaulis, R. Br. A. On and near wall of ha-ha
facing river.
Reseda Luteola, L. A. Formerly plentiful on all the ground
bordering pc
R.lutea, L. A. Here and there in waste places.
16
Viola odorata, L. P. Plentiful cs trees near grouped
Ferry, also between palace and herbari
V. canina, 7. A. Here and there in turf near pagoda, also on
slopes near lake.
V.trieolor, L. B. A flower-bed weed.
V. arvensis, Murr. B. This occurs here and there with the
former. :
Polygala vulgaris, L. A. Here and there in turf on both sides
of * Syon Vista."
Dianthus deltoides, L. A. In turf of n vista, but does not
flower on account of its being constantly mown down. In Larch
collection does flower. Slopes of temperate Jide.
Silene eh Wibel. A casual weed. Frequent about lake
and elsewher
Var. puberula, Hook. f. A. In wood near pumping station.
Lychnis Flos-cuculi, Z. B. Near Temple of Æolus. P. Near
palaee. Strip. By side of ha-ha.
L. diurna, Sibth. Q. Common in the woods.
L. vespertina, Sibth. Here and there in shrubberies and plan-
tations.
L. Githago, Lam. Here and there as weed in plantations and
flower-beds.
Cerastium glomeratum, Thuill. Abundant in dry places in all
the divisions.
C. triviale, Link. Common in beds and shrubberies, also in turf.
C. arvense, L. A. em dry places. In quantity on top of wall
of hin Bite river
Stellaria tna Scop. Strip, near Isleworth gate.
media, With. avery wem in beds, &e. Also in turf when-
ever it becomes rather bar
Arenari Ó Paria L. A. On ground at top of wall of ha-ha
facing riv
A. UE L. Inall the woods.
A. serpyllifolia, L. Everywhere.
Var. leptoclados, Heichb. Here and there.
Sagina apetala, L. Everywhere. |
S. eiliata, Fries. A. Here and there as a weed on walks.
S. procumbens, L. Everywhere. Not unfrequent in dry places
turf.
77
Spergula arvensis, Z. Two forms of this species occur
S. arvensis, concn n and S. sativa, Bænningh. The latter is the
more abundan
Spergularia ss J. and C. Presl. Everywhere. Walks and
amongst turf in the T places.
Montia fontana, L. A. In the turf i era temperate house; in
turf and in beds at end of * Syon Vist
under perfoliata, Dunn. Not uncommon. A troublesome
wee
Hypericum re aw L. A. Common on wall facing river.
P. Frequent in t
H. humifusum, L. Not uncommon in turf in dry places.
Malva sylvestris, Z. Abundant.
M. peels. L. B. Here and there on most of the lawns.
A. Now and then near the lake.
Malva Worm i, P. A. About lake: also on the wood side
of ** Syon Vis
Geranium pyrenaicum, L. P. Strip. Common.
G. molle, L. Everywhere, both in beds and turf.
G. pusillum, Z. A. A few plants here and there about lake.
G. dissectum, Z. A. A few plants Q. Een the whole
length of the hedge- -row facing Old Deer Par
G. robertianum, L. The rarest species of geranium in the Kew
flora. A. Merlin's Cave (now-destroyed), old ruined arch.
Erodium cicutarium, L'Hérit. B. In the lawn between No. 5
and museum No. 2. A. On the turf slopes near temperate house.
Oxalis Acetosella, L. Same localities as Geranium rober-
tianum
0. corniculata, L. A common flower-bed weed.
0. dene L. Here and there in shrubberies with last-named
specie
Impatiens parviflora, D. C. A troublesome weed.
Ulex europeus, L. Before the lake was made its site was
covered with this and Cytisus scoparius.
Cytisus viec Link. Along border of wood, etc.
Ononis arvensis, Auct. Strip. Two e by side of towing-
path sebagai Brentford and Isleworth gat
Medicago sativa, Z. Strip. In turf near Brentford Ferry.
M. lupulina, L. Common.
M. maculata, Sibth. Common waro within Kew limits.
T8
ilotus us alba, Desr. A. A couple of large plants in the hollow
between unicorn gate and flagstaff.
Trifolium subterraneum, L. Very frequent.
T. arvense, L. P. Common in dry gravelly spots.
T. pratense, L. Everywhere.
T. mediu — A. Near temperate house. In wood near
pumping statio
T. striatum, Z. On wall of ha-ha. Amongst turf in dry spots.
T. hybridum, L. A. Near juniper collection. Q.
T. repens, Z. A common component of the turf every where.
T. procumbens, L. A. Abundant in the dry gravelly soil near
pagoda, and elsewhere.
T. dubium, Sibth. — diffused, common as a weed in
flower-beds and on wa
T. filiforme, L. On most of the lawns.
Lotus corniculatus, L. Abundant in all the divisions.
L. uliginosus, Schkuhr. A. Common round edge of lake,
amongst Juncus,
Ornithopus perpusillus, L. Everywhere. The turf behind King
William's temple and near winter garden was almost entirely
composed of this plant in 1873-4
Vicia hirsuta, S. F. Gray. Common both in open turf and as a
weed in beds and shrubberies.
V. Craeca, L. A. P. Q. Much less . common than the preceding.
V. angustifolia, Roth. A. P. Q. Abundant.
Var. Bobartii, Koch. Sparingly, with the type.
Lathyrus pratensis, L. P. Q. Strip. Uncommon.
Spiræa Ulmaria, Z. Common by ha-ha ; elsewhere planted.
Rubus Ideus, L. A few clumps in Queen's Cottage grounds.
R. PERS Weihe & Nees. Q. *Form with exceptionally
broad = le and cikel y- toothed leaves.” ` Rev. W. Moyle
ogers
R. PEOR Bab. Q. Here and there.
R. pulcherrimus, Neum. Q. Abundant. .
R. rusticanus, E. Merc. Strip. Here and there by soei
R. macrophyllus, Weihe & Nees. Q. Abundant.
R. mucronatus, Blor. Q. Not uncommon along borders of
Tesne
19
Rubus echinatus, Lindl. Q. * May perhaps be a shade form of
this species, but if so, very much off type." Rev. W. Moyle Rogers.
R. rudis, Weihe & Nees. Q. In es places, not uncommon.
R. podophyllus, P. J. Muell. Q. [Or form between it and
R. oigocladus, P. J. Muell. & Lev. ` Rev. W. Moyle Rogers
R. foliosus, Weihe & Nees. Q. Common in shade.
` R. rosaceus, Weihe & aos var. hystrix, Moyle Rogers. Q. Very
common in shady plac
R. cesius, L. Strip. On side of towing-path.
Geum urbanum, Z. B. A flower-bed weed. A. Here and there
in shrubberies. Strip. By towing-path.
Potentilla procumbens, Sibth. Common, except in division B.
. reptans, L. Everywhere. Frequent in the open turf, par
ticularly about wood and lake.
P. anserina, Z. B. A weed in shrubberies. Strip. Common.
P. Fragariastrum, ZArh. Common in turf near palace.
P. argentea, L. Pagoda vista, near temperate house. Strip.
Alchemilla arvensis, Scop. P. A. B. Common where turf is poor.
Strip. Abundant on towing-path.
Agrimonia Eupatoria, L. Uncommon. A few plants in each
division.
Poterium Sanguisorba, L. Strip. A few uid tufts in the turf
midway between Brentford and Isleworth Gate
Rosa canina, L. In the Queen's Cottage cr ida the following
forms occur in a wild state.
R. lutetiana, Leman.
R. obtusifolia, Desv.
R. kosinsciana, Bess.
R. esesia, Sm.
ee ed —À L. On old wall near Herbarium. A. On
wall of ha-h
S. granulata, L. So common as to Ee "uh in flower, quite a
colour to the whole river length of the
Sedum acre, L. On the wall and in the turf near it, the whole
length of the river boundary. Strip. Here and there alo ong
towing-path.
«iM oc carum spieatum, L. A.Lake. Strip. Common the whole
n of
80
Callitriche verna, L. Strip. Frequent in the ha-ha.
Lythrum Salicaria, L. Strip. Common along the ha-ha.
Peplis Portula, L. A. Frequent along edge of lake.
Epilobium angustifolium, L. Q. Elsewhere planted.
E. hirsutum, L. A. About lake. Strip. Very common.
E. parviflorum, Schreb. A. Here and there. Abundant years
ago on site now occupied by bamboo garden
E. montanum, L. Common dme
E. tetragonum, L. Common as weed in shrubberies, &c.
E. obscurum, Schreb. Here and there with last-named species.
(Enothera biennis, L. This formerly occured in waste-places in
arboretum.
Circea lutetiana, L. A. Formerly in wood about “ Merlin's
Cave
Bryonia dioica, L. A few plants near the Queen's Cottage.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L. A. Round edges of lake.
Apium nodiflorum, Reichb. Strip. Abundant near river.
Agopodium Podagraria, L. In all the divisions.
Pimpinella Saxifraga, L. Strip. Plentiful in turf bordering
towing-pat
Conopodium denudatum, Koch. A. Common in the woods.
Chærophyllum temulum, L. A few plants in Queen's Cottage
grounds.
Anthriscus sylvestris, Hoffm. Abundant in all the divisions.
anthe crocata, L. A. Round lake. Strip. Abundant the
whole length of the river boundary.
Jthusa Cynapium, L. A flower-bed weed. Everywhere in
eultivated groun
Angelica sylvestris, L. Strip. Rather frequent.
Heracleum Sphondylium, L. Fairly common in all divisions
except B.
Daucus Carota, L. A. A few plants on the north and south
slopes near lake.
Caucalis Anthriseus, Huds. Strip. Plentiful along towing-path.
Here and there in Queen's Cottage grounds, &c.
Hedera Helix, L. Frequent. An undoubted member of the
Kew flora
LJ
81
Galium verum, L. Common in the dry open turf.
G. Cruciata, Scop. Strip. A large patch on towing-path on
the Richmond side of Isleworih Gate.
G. palustre, L. Strip. A few plants of the typical form occur
here and there by ha-ha.
G.saxatile, L. Very common in the turf almost everywhere.
G. Mollugo, L. P. Several plants along top of wall by Brentford
gate. Q. Here and there on portion nearest ri iver.
G. Aparine, Z. P. & Q. Not uncommon in open shrubberies.
Sherardia arvensis, L. Here and saii on most of the lawns.
A. Common about lake and elsewher
Valeriana officinalis, Z., var. sambucifolia, H. C. Wats. Common
in the t type form not noted as seen within our present
limits
Centranthus ruber, DC. P. On wall between Brentford Gate
and entrance to Kew Palace.
Valorisnejla olitoria, Pollich. P. Wall facing river. Strip. Near
towing-path
LÉ ins Loisel. Here and there with the last, but not so
comm
S" sylvestris, L. Strip. By towing-path near Isleworth
Gat
Erigeron haies, L. A. B. P. Q. A common weed in
shrubberies,
Bellis perennis, L. Everywhere.
Pulicaria dysenterica, G«erin. Strip. Frequent along ha-ha.
Passien sylvaticum, Z. A. Frequent in turf in Birch
collectio
inosum, L. Inallthe divisions. Plentiful both on waste
and cultivated ground.
Filago germanica, Z. A weed in shrubberies and bare gravelly
spots.
F. minima, Fries. Common in all the very dry plae
some ee where turf gets badly worn, a plentiful crop ot this
species appear
Bidens cernua, ZL. A. Common about lake, Strip.
B. oh lags L. Growing with the last-named, but more
abun
Ga ae Pred date: Cav. A troublesome weed in well-culti-
vated grou
13757 F
82
Anthemis arvensis, L. A. A few plants about lake.
A. nobilis, Z. B. Common as a component of the turf in various
lawns.
Achillea Millefolium, L. Everywhere. A common factor of the
en turf.
Matriearia Chamomilla, L. A common weed.
*M. discoidea, DC. Not uncommon in some localities within
our area.
M.inodora, L. A weed in flower borders and shrubberies.
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L. Very common in the turf ;
common also in cultivated ground.
C. Parthenium, Pers. A weed in flower beds and shrubberies.
Tanacetum vulgare, L. Strip. Here and there near ha-ha and
river.
pastum vulgaris, L. Strip. By towing-path. Q. Here and
ther
Petasi es yanis L. Strip. Very common on the river side of
towing-pat
Tussilago Farfara, L. A. About lake and near pumping station.
Senecio vulgaris, L. Common.
S. sylvaticus, L. More abundant about lake and along borders
of woods than the preceding.
S. Jacobaea, L. A. P. Q. Here and there in open places and less
end parts of woods. Strip. Much less frequent than S. aqua-
S. aquaticus, Huds. A. Here and there near lake. Strip.
Common.
Arctium majus, ` chkuhr. P. A. A few plants in wood near
hollow walk. Stri
A. minus, E Q. Common. Strip. Common by towing-
th.
ripe nigra, L. In all the divisions. Most common in P.
and Q.
C. Jacea, L. A few plants near lake and in Queen's Cottage
firounds.
C. Seabiosa, L. P. Here and there. Strip. A few plants.
* This plant, apparently a native e Dim Asia and Port eet America, was
collected on the bank of the Thames hit y Dr. Thomson, and is now common
in some localities within our area. Tt is widely distributed weed in temperate
mates. history of its distribution "and í extraordinary oon sik has
received altogether no less than ten — generic names—is given by
A. Braun in the Botanische Zeitung for 1852, p. 649.
83
— nutans, L. P. In young plantations facing river.
Strip.
C. crispus, L. P. A. Here and there borders of wood. Q.
Cn — MN Hoffm. Not common. A few plants in
each div
C. palustris, Hoffm. Here and there along borders of shrub-
beries in Queen' s Cottage Grounds.
C. m Hoffm. Q. Common in the turf of the open vista
nearest riv
Cichorium Intybus, L. Strip. A few plants along the gravelly
sides of towing-path.
Lapsana communis, L. B. A flower-bed weed. P. A. Q. Here
and there in shrubberies.
Crepis virens, Z. One of the most common of Kew composites.
C. taraxacifolia, Thwil/. Q. In the open vista near river.
"rue im Pilosella, L. Common on every dry slope within
our lim
H. medius Fries. P. A few plants. A. A large plot in
wood near pumping station.
Var. retirer rr F.J. Hanb. P. A. With the type. B. As
a weed in rock
IMS hae L. Everywhere. A very troublesome
Leontodon oh L. Common, particularly in drier parts of
ginion P. and Q .
L.hispidus, L. A. In turf near south end of temperate house. Q.
L. autumnalis, L. P. and Q. Sparingly.
Taraxacum officinale, Weber. Common, everywhere.
Lactuca muralis, E. Mey. B. On hardy fernery wall, &c.
Sonchus arvensis, L. A., B. and P. Here and there in shrub-
beries. A few plants grow out of wall facing river.
S. oleraceus, L. Fairly common everywhere, though not so
frequent as S. asper.
S. asper, Hoffm. Here and there on every piece of dug ground.
bin ja dr pratensis, L., var. minor, Billot. Q. and Strip; not
uncommon.
Jasione montana, L. A. Common in turf and shrubberies from
temperate house to pagoda. In 1873 albino form noted.
Campanula rotundifolia, L. A. Not uncommon in turf near Ash
collections and elsewhere.
13757 : F2
84
Campanula rapunculoides, L. P. Here and there in turf.
C. glomerata, L. P. In hay grass near palace.
Calluna vulgaris, Salisb. A. Here and there in open places.
. Common in the open turf near Queen's Cottage.
Primula vulgaris, Huds. A few plants in turf in herbarium
grounds.
P. veris, Z. In company with the last, but more common.
Lysimachia vulgaris, E This has been planted wherever
it occurs within our limit
L. Nummularia, L. aid in damp spots in herbarium and
palace grounds. Strip. Near Isleworth Gat
Anagallis aioe = B. On soil heaps and in flower-beds.
A. Common about lak
Erythraea TENE Pers. A. Two or three plants near lake,
1873-4. P. About a score plants.
Symphytum officinale, L. Strip. Not uncommon.
Lycopsis arvensis, L. Here and there on waste ground.
Myosotis srg aa With. Here and there by lake. Strip.
Rather frequent by ha-ha.
M. arvensis, Hoffm. A. B. P. Common in bare places in turf
about lake, also in beds
M. collina, Har: REB On wall of ha-ha near river. In turf
n dry gravelly p
M. versicolor, Reichb. "d company with last-named ; also
abundant in dry places near pagoda, where the smaller-flowered
egi form, M. balbisiana, Jord., was first recognized as a British
plan
Convolvulus arvensis, L. A. Common on slopes and elsewhere
about temperate house.
Calystegia sepium, R. Br. Here and there as a weed in shrub-
beries.
Cuscuta Epithymum, Murr. B. On ivy behind palm house. In
1873 in flower borders, on Afin Be Mesembryanthemum,
Gladiolus, Pentstemon, &c.
Solanum Dulcamara, L. Q. ean in shrubberies and wood
A very pubescent form occurs on Str
: S. nigrum, Z. Abundant. Often appears where turf has become
are.
Plantago major, L. Common in all the divisions.
P. media, L. Almost as common as the last in many places.
P. lanceolata, L, Everywhere.
85
Plantago Coronopus, L. Common in every dry place. Strip.
Very abundant on the m of ridge by the side of towing-path.
Verbascum Thapsus P. Near Brentford Ferry Gate. A.
Here and there on D a of wood.
V. nigrum, Z. P.and Q. Abundant, A. Along border of wood.
Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. Very common on walls and in dry places.
L. b Mill. Here and there as a weed in shrubberies.
L. r, Desf. Here and there as a weed in shrubberies and
edsa ders.
Scrophularia nodosa, Z. Strip. Common along ha-ha and by
river.
$8 Balbisii, Hornem. Strip. Here and there by river and ha-ha.
B vernalis, L. B. Frequent on ice-house mound. Destroyed
dA owing to alterations.
Hp purpurea, L. A. Q. In woods and along shrubbery
border
Veronica agrestis, L. Common in all the divisions.
. polita, Fries. Flower-beds and borders of shrubberies in
company with V. Buxbaumii, but not so common as that species.
V. Bux aumii Tenore. The commonest species in the Kew
flora. (V. persica, Poir.)
V. hederaefolia, L. Common in shrubberies.
V. arvensis, L. Common in all the divisions.
V. serpyllifolia, L. Frequent on every piece of lawn.
V. officinalis, 5. Fairly common every where.
V. Chamaedrys, L. A. Q. Not unfrequent.
V. Anagallis, L. Strip. By ha-ha and river.
Euphrasia officinalis, Z. ~ A few plants in turf near Isleworth
ate. Not noted since 1873
Lathraea Squamaria, L. B. In Rhododendron bed on mound
ear Cumberland Walk, and elsewhere. Introduced from Dorking
about 1834. (See Jour. Bot., 1872, 173.)
Verbena officinalis, L. P. Q. and Strip. Here and there.
Mentha oa L. Strip. A large patch or two near Brent-
ford Ferry Gat
M. hirsuta, L. Abundant round lake and along Strip.
“a te europaeus, L. Abundant about pond, lake, and along
Bip
asi s Chamaedrys, Fries. Common in every dry piece of turf
within the limits of our flora. Strip. Frequent on wall facing river.
~
86
Nepeta Cataria, L. A. A few plants near temperate house.
N. Glechoma, Benth. Common under trees and in shrubberies.
Prunella vulgaris, L. Here and there in turf in all the divisions.
Scutellaria galericulata, L. Strip. Plentiful by ha-ha near Isle-
worth Gate.
Stachys sylvatica, L. A. Here and there in wood. Q. Not
uncommon.
8. palustris, L. Strip. A few plants by ha-ha near Isleworth
Gate.
Lamium purpureum, Z. Common in all the divisions.
L. amplexicaule, L. Strip. In turf by towing-path near Brent-
ford Ferry.
L. album, L. Strip. Very frequent. Less common in other
divisions.
——— Modes = var. fetida, Koch. Strip. By towing-path.
Q. Not n.
Teucrium eer L. A. About “ruined arch." Here and
there in wood.
Ajuga reptans, L. Here and there on most of the lawns.
Chenopodium AEN L. Not uncommon as a weed in
cultivated grou
C. album, Z. Common everywhere.
C. murale, L. A. Here and there in dry places.
Atriplex erecta, Huds. Here and there in all the divisions.
A. Smithii, Syme. In company with the next-named.
A. deltoidea, Bab. Common on rubbish heaps and in bare
places.
Polygonum amphibium, L. Strip. In ha-ha.
P. lapathifolium, L. Fairly common in all the divisions.
P. maculatum, Trimen & Dyer. Here and there with the
preceding.
P. Persicaria, L. Common every where.
P. Hydropiper, L. A. Here ae - along edge of lake. Strip.
Very abundant by ha-ha and ri
P. minus, Huds. A. Common about lake, &e.
P. aviculare, L. Common in bare places everywhere.
P. Convolvulus, L. Here and there in all the divisions.
Rumex obtusifolius, L. Here and there in shrubberies and
along border of wood whole length of Syon Vista
87
Rumex pulcher, L. P. Here and there in dry places.
R. crispus, L. Borders of shrubberies, &c.
R. sanguineus, L. Here and there in dry places.
- p Murr. A. Very common about lake and near
rive
R. gota, Huds. A. Here and there round lake. Strip.
Not uncom
R. Acetosa, Z. fairly common in each division.
R. acetosella, Z. Very common everywhere.
Viscum album, Z. This occurs at present on poplar aud lime
in P. and A.
Euphorbia Helioscopia, L. Here and there in cultivated ground.
E. Peplus, L. Very common every where.
Mercurialis perennis, Z. A. Here and there in wood.
M. annua, L. Common as weed in cultivated ground.
Urtiea urens, L. Frequent wherever the soil gets turned.
U. dioica, Z. Common in the woods.
Parietaria officinalis, L. Old walls. Strip. Side of towing-path.
Salix triandra, L. Strip. Common by towing-path and river.
undulata, Ehrh. Strip. The prevailing willow of the
Thames banks Within our limits.
8. fragilis, L. Strip. Not uncommon by towing-path and river.
[There are several other species by ha-ha, but all of them have
been planted quite recently. |
Ceratophyllum demersum, L. A. Lake. note, Plentiful in
ha-ha, nearly its whole boundary length of garden
Hydrocharis Morsus-Ranae, L. Strip. In ha-ha nearly the whole
length of Queen's Cottage Grounds.
Elodea canadensis, Michz. Abundant in every piece of water
within our limits, except the pond, near Pa lm House—about
years ago, however, this particular sheet of water was choked
up with Elodea.
Epipactis latifolia, AZ. Until within the last year or so this
species throve under a large beech tree near Victoria Gate ; the
death of the tree and iis ere M removal have resulted in the
destruction of the Epipacti
Orchis Morio, L. A. B. Q. A plant or two in each of the
: amos named.
Iris Pseudacorus, L. Lake and ha-ha.
88
Tamus communis, L. A. Afew plants near Pagoda. Q. Several
plants.
Allium vineale, L. Strip. Common in turf by towing-path.
A. roseum, L. Abundant in turf near Old Palace.
Scilla nutans, Sim. A. P. Q. Very abundant in all the woods.
Ornithogalum panes a L. Strip. By edo: of towing-path
near Isleworth Gate. P. Near Palace in hay gra
O. nutans, L. P. In quantity in hay grass near Old Palace.
Juncus effusus, L. A. Lake. Stunted forms of this and
J. glaucus are not uncommon in some parts of the woods.
J. conglomeratus, L. A. Common about lake.
J. glaucus, Ehrh. A. Common about lake.
J. squarrosus, L. About a score plants in wood between temper-
aie house and pumping station.
J. lamprocarpus, Ehrh. A. Plentiful round lake.
J. bufonius, Z. A. Abundant about lake.
Luzula maxima, DC. Here and there in Queen’s Cottage
Grounds.
L. Jtem. DC. Fairly common in every piece of turf.
[L. nivea, Desv. A considerable number of plants in Queen's
Cottige "rounds 8. |
Sparganium ramosum, Huds. Strip. Really wild about ha-ha ;
planted elsewhere.
Typha latifolia, Z. A. Lake. Strip. Side of ha-ha.
(T. angustifolia, L. This has been planted wherever it occurs
in our flora. ]
maculatum, L. B. Ice-house mound. A. Under poet
along wall between Unicorn Gate and North Gallery. Q. Her
and there
Acorus Aah L. Plentiful about lake, pond, and ha-ha.
Lemna minor, L. Common in lake and ha-ha.
L. gibba, Z. SUE with the preceding and the following
species, but uncomm
L. polyrhiza, L. Lake and ha-ha, abundant.
Alisma Plantago, L. Common about lake and near ha-ha.
Butomus umbellatus, L. Strip. Common along edge of ha-ha.
Potamogeton crispus, L. Lake and ha-ha.
P.densus, L. Strip Common in ha-ha.
P. pusillus, L. A. Lake, water-lily pond.
89
Heleocharis palustris, L. Very common about lake and along
-h
_Scirpus lacustris, L. Strip. Large masses on banks of mud by
river.
S. carinatus, Sim. Strip. Side of river opposite Palace Grounds.
S. triqueter, 4. Strip. nt of river opposite Palace Grounds ;
also south of Brentford Fer
Carex muricata, L. B. P. A Here and there in dry places.
C. ^ L. A. Here and there by lake. Strip. Not
uncomm
C. L. Strip. By ha-ha and along towing-path near
Biew Chie
leporina, Z L. A. Near lake. Q. Not unfrequent. Strip. By
C. -— L. Strip. This and C. paludosa are rather rare within
our lim
C. hirta, L. Strip. Common. Q. Abundant along a strip of
about 50 pies broad from d of ha-ha.
C. paludosa, Good. Strip. Here and there by ha-ha.
C. riparia, Curtis. Common, nearly all pieces of water.
Phalaris arundinacea, L. A. Near lake. Strip. Abundant along
ha-ha
Anthoxanthum odoratum, L. Common in all the divisions.
Alopecurus agrestis, L. Here and there in cultivated ground.
A. pratensis, L. Common. In some places forming the principal
factor in the turf.
Milium effusum, Z. Q. Plentiful in wood skirting pinetum.
Phleum pratense, L. Generally distributed over the whole of
the open turf.
Agrostis vulgaris, With. Abundant in all divisions.
Agrostis alba, Z. A. About lake and on borders of plantations.
Apera Spica-venti, Beauv. B. A weed in cultivated ground.
Aira caryophyllea, Z. Plentiful in dry spots—along hedge-
rows, &c.
A. praeéox, L. In every dry place both in turf and elsewhere.
Deschampsia flexuosa, Trin. A. Q. oe shade more than the
following species. Common under tre
D. caespitosa, Beauv. A. Q. and Strip. Very onina about
lake and on the borders ‘of plantations nearest it ; also n
Holcus lanatus, L. Plentiful in all the divisions.
90
Holcus mollis, L. Common both in turf and shrubberies.
Trisetum — due Beauv. Common in every € of turf
within our limit
Avena pratensis, L. A. Frequent in turf from flagstaff to
pagoda. P. Not uncommon. Q. In turf on side bordering river.
A. pubescens, L. Same distribution as last, but much com-
oner.
Arrhenatherum avenaceum, Beawv. Everywhere forms a large
proportion of the rougher turf. A troublesome weed in dug
Triodia decumbens, Beauv. Common on both sides of Syon
Vista towards river. Very common in turf between Unicorn Gate
and Pagoda Vista
Cynosurus cristatus, Z. Common everywhere. Forms a fair
share of most of the turf.
Koeleria cristata, Pers. Very frequent in open turf.
Molinia cerulea, — A. Here and there by lake; also in
wood near pumping s
Dactylis glomerata, L. Very generally diffused over the whole
of the ground included within the limits of the flora.
Briza media, L. P. Frequent in turf near palace. A. Common
at northern part of Ash collection. Q. Here and there
Poa annua, L. A large proportion of nearly every piece of turf
is made up of this pla nt.
P. pratensis, L. Common in all the divisions.
P. compressa, L. A. Here and there on dry slopes near winter
garden and in dry spots in wood. P. On wall of herbarium and
palace grounds.
P. trivialis, L. Not so frequent as P. pratensis.
P. nemoralis, L. Abundant under trees € all the divisions, in
some places forming nearly the whole of the turf.
P. sylvatica, Chair. A. and Q. In s x parts of woods the
long dark green leaves and dense tussocks of this grass render it
very conspicuous. It seems to stand drought much better than
many of our British grasses. (P. sudetica, Hoenke.)
Glyceria aquatica, Sm. Strip. Abundant by ha-ha.
G. fluitans, R. Br. Lake and Strip. Common.
Festuca ia L. A. Here and there. Strip. By towing-path.
Q. Sparingly
F. pratensis, Huds. Same distribution as last.
F. gigantea, Vi/l. Strip. Uncommon. Q. Here and there.
91
Festuca ovina, L. In dry gravelly spots this is the principal
factor in the t
Var. tenuifolia, Reichb. Very common.
F. duriuseula, Z. Common.
F. sciuroides, Roth. A. In dry bedsand turf near Isleworth Gate.
Jere id erectus, Huds. P. In hay-grass. Strip and Q. Not
B. sterilis, L. Common.
B. commutatus, Schrad. P. Hay-grass near palace.
B. mollis, Z. Everywhere.
Eden. irati, Beauv. A. In turf by the river.
Strip. Freque
Lolium perenne, L. Very common.
L. italicum, A. Braun. In all the divisions.
Agropyrum repens, Beawv.
in some spots in arboretum, &
Nardus stricta, L. A. Both sides of EIN. Vista: near south
end of holly collection. Q. Here and there
The principal ingredient in the turf
Hordeum murinum, L. Strip. Abundant. P. About palace.
Pteris aquilina, Z. A. Here and there in wood. Q. Common.
Nephrodium Filix-mas, Rich., var. affine, Hook. A. Here and
there in wood near pumping station. Q. Common
N. spinulosum, Desv. Common in Queen’s Cottage Grounds.
Ophioglossum vulgatum, L. A. In open place in wood near
Azalea garden.
Equisetum arvense, L. Here and there in shrubberies.
frequen
E. limosum, L., var. fluviatile, Rabenh. A. Lake.
Not
2, MUSCINEAE (Mosses).
By E. S. Salmon, F.L.S.
One hundred and nine species of mosses and seven varieties
have been collected in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. With a
few exceptions, these were all observed during tha period 1897-98.
The strip of ground beens the gardens the Thames
been added so as to the area the same as that worked by
Mr. George Micholsch num ‘his “ Wild Flora of Kew Gardens."
92
To anyone unaequainted with the wild parts of Kew Gardens it
re ra
interesting aquatic mosses, and, without doubt, all these are quite
wild.
w common species are absent from the list, while, on the
other hand, several rare species occur in it.
Amb : de gium. Kochii, known only from one or two counties in
ingland, occurs ae Kew in a | few a by the Thames, together
ith A. "variun , Fissidens crassipes : Physcomitrium pyriforme,
Labo pol pae Cine lidotus Jendinadoides, &c.
= other interesting species, Mniwm cuspidatum, M. stellar
Donii, Tortula intermedia, Trichostomum tortuosum,
Easels ypta streplocar “pa, Barbula lur -— and Neckera crispa have
been noticed only in or about the rockery ; and, for reasons
mentioned above, their origin must unn doubtful.
On the other hand, the following species (amongst others) are
certainly wild :—P olytr ichum formosum, Plagiothecium borreri-
anum, Pleuridium axillare, P. subu ulatum, P. alternifolium,
Funaria fascicularis, Pottin a Tortula marginata,
Fissidens pusillus, F. exilis, F. ina "us, F. viridulug, Lepto-
bryum pyriforme, Acaulon ah aay and V var. mediterraneun
androgynum, Dicranum Bonjeani, Thamnium alopecur
Eurhynchium piliferum, and E. megapolitanum.
I have to thank Mr. George Massee for a list, seem panied by
specimens, of 20 Kew mosses, collected hy him in previous years.
Five of them, which I have not been able to refind, x wot bei
in the list on his authority. In most cases the habitats of these
species have become changed through improvements, and the
species are very probably now lost.
George Nicholson I am greatly indebted, not only for
fusitshing me with a list of about 40 mosses already recorded for
Kew Gardens, but also for showing me the a em for
many of these, and for helping me to search for ne es,
The nomenclature re abe is that of Dixon’s “ Students’
Handbook of British Mosse
I have placed Nnm of the more interesting species in the
Kew Herbarium.
*
93
Catharinea undulata, Web. et Mohr. Common, and fruiting
freely in all the drier places, as in the Rockery, where it forms
luxuriant patches
Polytrichum aloides, Hedw. In several places along the
boundary ditch by the Old Deer b between the Lion Gate
and Queen's Cottage ; fruit no
P. piliferum, Schreb. Not uncommon in dry places ; abundant
along the boundary ditch with the last species ; sandy banks
near the lake, &c.; occasionally fruiting.
P. juniperinum, Wil/d. Abundant in dry places throughout the
Gardens ; frequently fruiting.
P. formosum, Hedw. Fairly common in sandy pm in the
open, and also under trees; fruiting in the Arboretu
A curious Polytrichum, uaria in some characters between
P. formosum and. P. graci icks, occurs in a few places along the
boundary ditch by the Old Deer Park. In this form the leaf-base,
ra
broad. Occasionally, also, the pi ant shows a further approach
towards gracile, as some of the leaves have rather a wide limb in
the upper part of the leaf, piel féoqnently the lamell are only
about 40 in number
Both Mr. W. E. Nicholson and Mr. Dixon at first referred the
plant t ars gracile, Dicks, relying especially on the short wide
basal sroclante 1 have since heard from Mr. Dixon, however,
that Mr. Bagnall, to whom specimens of the Kew plant were
submitted, thinks that it should be referred to A w moun, and
that Mr. Dixon himself is now inclined to agree with &
that it is nearer that species than P. gracile, slilioagli still thinking
that there isan approach to the form of areolation of the lat
Only barren plants of this form, which is certainly native, due éd
far been found.
Pleuridium axillare, Lindb. (c. fr). In the Bamboo Garden and
near the Pumping Station. Occurs nuc in pots in the
Glass-houses, where the leaf-cells become very lax
P. subulatum, Rabenh. (c. fr). Not uncommon on sandy
ground ; about the hr ke and on the islands; Bamboo Garden ;
Tulip Tree viel LE.
P. alternifolium, Rabenh. (c.fr.). A. Bare places near the lake;
Rose Garden, on earth adhering to stumps.
Ceratodon yore. Brid. Abundant and common in fruit
throughout th
Dicranella heteromalla, bens: Abundant and fruiting in all
the drier places,
94
Dieranella cervieulata, Schmp. (c. fr). Kew Gardens (un-
localised, Massee, 1897).
D. Schimp. d thrown up from a ditch, near
Po Mes ‘Station, 3 in fruit (Massee, 1897).
Dicranum Bonjeani, De Not. Q. Abundant in = place,
arren; A. Pinetum; B. mall form, growing ban
with a very different habit from the type, is efie to
this species by Mr. Dixon with the following note :—* I think
your Dicranum must be Bonjeani from the general ‘tone’ and
areolation and thin nerve without ash at the back, as well
as the undulation, which is indeed ve y faint e leaves being 80
short), but is distinguishable on most st leaves, 1 think, or many, at
least. It isa very short-leaved for
D. scoparium, Hedw. Common in dry places under trees,
Pres grass, &c. ; barren.
Fissidens exilis, Hedw. (c. fr.). A. On the third island (from
eulvert end) in the lake; Q. In an open space.
F. armed eaae (c. fr). Q. On a loose stone; boundary
diteh near t ver; A. On stones embedded in the bank near
the Lion Gate nd of the boundary ditch.
Var. Lylei, Wils. Some of the pan from the first locality
given above have leaves which, by being unbordered, except o
the vaginant-laminz, must be referred to ‘this variety.
F. pusillus, Wils. (c. fr.) On brick steps; R. On stones.
Abundant on the sandstone RIA, in the Temperate House
F. ineurvus, Starke (c. fr.). Q. Side of the boundary ditch.
F. bryoides, Hedw. Very common; fruiting both in wet places,
such as the banks of the lake, and on dry sandy banks.
F. crassipes, Wils. (c. fr.). By the riverside, on wood; often
submerged at high tide; B. On mortar, wall of tank in Herbaceous
arg krysa aedi one x the most interesting of the Kew
oc fair quantity i
perag “The thick P "adis distinguishes this species in the
field.
F. taxifolius, Hedw. Not uncommon in damp eh ; about
the lake ; river-side ; Palace Grounds; not found in frui
Gr oped IER Sm. (c. fr). R. On stones; P. On the wall
by ther
Acaulon muticum, C. Müll. (e. fr.). On third island (from
culvert end) i in the in on e ‘clay ; ; and (A. mediterraneum,
Braith w.). Sandy ground near the west end of the lake;
P. Sandy uae (Nicholson),
Ido not think that the plant described by Braithwaite under
the name of “ Acaulon mediterraneu.n, Limpr.,” in the British
95
Moss cj tbe i, p. 201, deserves to rank higher than a variety of A.
muticum
On a sandy bank near Bexhill, Sussex, I have collected an
Acaulon, in which the long inner bract is completely wrapped
round the fruit, and the plants are tall, and sometimes slightly
curved,—in fa ct, agreeing well with A. mediterraneum as described
in the British Moss Flora, (loc. cit.) Dr. Braithwaite agreed
with me in referring the plant to that species. Of the Kew w speci-
mens of Acawulon, those ies the damp ground of the: islandi in the
other localities, presenting exactly intermediate characters, that
am strongly of opinion that “A. mediterraneum” is not specifi-
cally distinct from A. muticum, but is to be regarded as a variety
It may also be pointed out that Dr. Braithwaite’s description of
«A » , 1
bove, j
nor the apiculate capsule. A. mediterraneum, as described by
Limpricht, seems altogether nearer to A. muticum. var minus,
than to the pla = sae and figured by Dr. Braithwaite as
Limpricht’s speci
sieges re cuspidatum, Fem (c. fr.. Frequent in bare places
among the grass ; on paths, &c.
Var. schreberianum, Brid. A. Bare places among the gorse,
west end of the lake.
Pottia truncatula, Lindb.(c.fr.). Notcommon. P. Nurseries, &c.
P. intermedia, Fürnr. (c. fr.). A. North side of lake, 1901.
P. lanceolata, C. Müll. (c. fr.). A. North side of lake, 1901.
Tortula ambigua, Angst. (c. fr.). R. (Massee, 1897).
T. marginata, Spruce (c. fr.). R. Abundant on stones. P. Brick
steps. Certainly indigenous. ;
T. US Hedw. (c. fr.). Abundant everywhere, on walls and
stone
Var. aestiva, Brid. Fernery, one or two tufis of a well-marked
state of this varie
T. intermedia, Berk. R. Several tufts, here and there, on the
stones, barren; also in fruit (Massee, 1897).
Barbula rubella, Mitt. (c. fr.). R. Common.
96
Barbula fallax, Hedw. Not uncommon; riverside and gardens
occasionally fruiting.
B. hornschuchiana, Schultz. A. Among the grass, near the lake,
barren. :
voluta, Brid. R. In several places, barren; also in fruit
(Mano 1897).
B. unguiculata, Hedw. Common throughout the gardens, rarely
fruiting.
B. lurida, Lindb. R. Sparingly, and barren.
B. vinealis, Brid. R. In several places, barren.
Weisia squarrosa, C. Müll. (c. fr). On mud thrown up from a
ditch, near pumping station, in fruit (Massee, 1897).
W. viridula, Hedw. (c. fr.). Q. Common along the boundary
ditch.
Trichostomum tortuosum, Dixon. R. Very sparingly and
barren, on stones.
Cinclidotus — P. Beauv. Not uncommon by the
river, fruiting occasionally
Encalypta streptocarpa, Hedw. R. On stones, barren.
gipeqacm anomalum, Hedw., var. saxatile, Milde (e. fr.).
R. A few tufts; on a wall, by the river-side.
0. affine, Schrad. (c. fr.). By the river-side, very sparingly, on
a stone wall,
0. diaphanum, Schrad. (c. fr.). Wall, by the river, sparingly.
Ephemerum serratum, Hampe e fr). On a bank near the south
end of the lake. -
Physcomitrium pyriforme, Brid. Patches of fruiting plants here
and there by the river-side.
Funaria fascicularis, Schimp. P. A few fruiting plants, on a
sandy bank, wit artramia pomiformis, certai inly native.
A. Mr. Nicholson and Mr. E. M. Holmes have gathered it
near the flagstaff, but it has now disappeared from this locality.
F. hygrometrica, “tive (c. fr.). Abundant everywhere—in the
driest places, as on cinders, as well as by the river-side, where
it is often subme mL.
Aulacomnium androgynum, Schwaeg. ` re state ;
on elder tree. A. On a tree near the flagstaff
Bartramia pomiformis, Hedw. Q. Quite wild; boundary ditch,
P, In both places with a few capsules,
97
Leptobryum pyriforme, Wils. R. Not uncommon; fruiting on
stones. P. On ground, among grass. Occurs commonly in pots
in the glass-houses, forcing- -pits, &c.
Webera nutans, Hedw. (c. fr). Common. Q. On stumps
A. Bamboo garden, &c.
W. carnea, Schimp. Barren. Bamboo garden ; river-sido.
Bryum inclinatum, Bland. R. In fruit. A. Rose garden.
B. pallens, Sw. R. On a wet bank; a dark-green form with
numerous protonematoid branches.
Mr. Dixon reported on it: “I believe your B? yum is a form of
B. pallens. It has the peculiar areolation of that which is some-
what hard to define, decurrent leaves, &c. The var. perdi
is something like it, but not quite the s same. The tips of the
branches show a little of the irit vinous red of lilna.
The gemmiform threads I should take to be an abnormai out-
growth such as one finds in mosses pokeri in unusually damp
situations.”
i ee Schwaeg. By the river-side. A. Near
rose garden.
B. caespiticium, Linn. (c. is Not uncommon. R., &c.
B. intermedium, Brid. (c. fr.). Q. In an open spot.
B. os Linn. R. Abundant, fruiting. Q. Boundary
ditch, &
B. donianum, Grev. R. One tuft, with a few capsules,
B. erythrocarpum, sae Not uncommon, often among
grass. Bamboo garden,
B. atropurpureum, Web. et Mohr. (c. fr.). A. On stumps near
lake.
B. argenteum, Linn. On paths, roofs, stones, &c. ; oecasionally
fruitin
Var. ihe Bruch et Schimp. Commoner than the type
in the area; occurring in dry places, especially on walls
the sun. Al itho i
ibes
nerve a8 very s ort. In the Kew plant, as mentioned above, as
well as an all other iimis of the var. lanatum that I have
e nerve is distinctly excurrent, and I believe that this
structure is sponsae of the variety.
13757 G
98
Mnium affine, Bland. Amongst grass. P.
M. cuspidatum, Hedw. (non Neck.). R. tise Uh producing
a few capsules; originally found by Mr. G. Nicholso
M. rostratum, Schrad. Not uncommon in dry places among the
grass; fruiting in the Queen's Cottage Grounds (Massee, 1897). -
M. undulatum, Linn. Q.,P. Sparingly.
M. hornum, ZLinn.(c.fr.). Common; very fine in Q., P., &c.
M. stellare, Reichb. In one place in the Rockery.
Fontinalis antipyretica, Linn. In the moat by the river.
Neckera crispa, Hedw. R. Very sparingly, and starved.
Porotrichum alopecurum, Mitt. Q.; also occurs in the Winter
arden.
Leskea phat a Ehrh. By the river-side; frequent on wood ;
occasionally on the stone wall; often fruiting. Probably the same
station as that indicated in De Crespigny’s “New London Flora,"
p. 90 (1877).
Thuidium tamariscinum, Bruch a esie P. ; Q. ; A. fine and
plentiful, on banks near the bamboo garden
T. recognitum, Lindb. Among grass, P. (Massee, 1898.)
Pleuropus sericeus, Dixon. bes ores on stones and walls.
R., river-side, &c. ; not noticed i in fruit
Brachythecium albicans, Bruch et Schimp. Bank by the North
Gallery ; among grass about the lake; river-side, between the
west boundary and Isleworth Gate.
B. rutabulum, Bruch et Schimp. Common and fruiting freely.
B. velutinum, Bruch et Schimp. (c. fr.) Rather common ;
islands in the lake; Q., boundary ditch; P., &c. Plants from
‘the Palace grounds have long setz, an drawn out stems, and
agree with the var. prelongum of the ones. iss aie which
cannot, however, be considered more than a for
: B. = Bruch et Schimp. Fernery (fruiting); R.; wall
yn
B. purum, Dizon. Common among the grass, &c.
Mee piliferum, Bruch et Schimp. P., in one place ;
nati
E. cra ssinervium, B. & S. The Rev. H. P. Reader informs m
that he has in his herbarium an example of this species labelled
* Kew Gardens, 1878 (Geo. Nicholson) "
99
Eur Hinh prelongum, Bruch et Schimp, Abundant every-
where ; occasionally fruiting. Also occurs fruiting in some of the
Houses, e.g., Winter Garden.
E. Swartzii, Hobkirk. Ontheground,river-side ; P.; Q., boundary
ditch; also a very pretty form ; more closely branched than usual,
on stones near the Cumberland Gate ; Winter Garden.
E. pumilum, e P. ; also occurs plentifully c on stones in
the Winter Garde
E. tenellum, Milde. R. Barren. Fruiting on Tree-Fern stems
in the Winter Garden. These plants have quite smooth setæ, so
that they cannot be referred to the var. scabrellum, Dixon, which
is the usual p found on tree trunks, stumps, iwigs, &c.
Mr. W. E. Nicholson informs me, pi iue that he has met with
the type ASA a on rania in Susse
E rusciforme, Milde. Abundant, and fruiting freely, by the
river.
E. murale, Milde. Not uncommon on stones. R., &c., fruiting
freely.
E. Mec Milde. Abundant in fruit. P.; wall by the .
river; R.,
E. megapolitanum, Milde. P. Among the grass, on sand, fruit-
ing. Certainly native. Mr. W. E. Nicholson tells me that the
Kew plant agrees well with examples collected by him on sandy
nks in West Sussex
Plagiothecium borrerianum, Spruce. Frequent, often forming
large patches on sandy banks, as about the bamboo garden
P. denticulatum, ^i uch et Schimp. Frequent, R., P. &c.
Occasionally fruitin
P. sylvaticum, Bruch et Schimp (c. fr.). Q., P. Sparingly.
Amblystegium serpens, Bruch et Schimp, (c. fr). Abundant
every where.
A. varium, Lindb. In a few places by the river. .
A. filicinum, De Not. R. Common ; on wall by river-side.
A. Kochii, Bruch et Schimp. In one or two spots by the river.
This is one of the rarest = of the genus. It is unquestion-
ably native in its Kew station
Hypnum riparium, Linn. (c.fr.). About "the lake, on the islands;
all along the river-side.
H. elodes, Spruce. On an old stump, near the Cumberland Gate
in fruit (Massee, 1897). A very interesting record. Unfortunately
13757 G 2
100
the species cannot be refound, and it is probable that it has
disappeared from the original locality through the formation of
a rockery.
Hypnum stellatum, Schreb. R. Very sparingly.
H. eupressiforme, Linn. Abundant.
Var. resupinatum, Schimp. R. Boundary ditch. P., &e. not -
uncommon.
Var. filiforme, Brid. On trees. Q., A.
H. molluscum, Hedw. R. In a few places.
H. —— Linn. Here and there by the river-side.
curious form, growing on wood more or less submerged at high
tide, is thus femoris on by Mr. Dixon: “1 take your moss to be
acurious form of H. palustre; a single-nerv ved form, but nerve
sometimes very feeble. The leaf-apex is characteristic, and on some
of the stems the leaves have the secund position usual in the
species.”
H. cuspidatum, Linn. P.; R.; among the grass in many places.
H. eth Willd. Abundant in the pinetum, near the Water-
Lily
zJHyloeenium SERTO. Bruch et Schimp. Very common
g the grass under tre
The following species have occurred in the glass-houses
only :—
Physcomitrium eurystomum, Sendí.(c.fr.) On earth, in a pot,
No. 2 House (Nicholson).
Aulacomnium palustre,- Schwaeg. Common in several of the
Houses, especially the Filmy-Fern House, in the m
an rmination of the gemm:e is given. e peo are
sometimes quite leafless, just as in A. androgyn
Fissidens Nicholsonii, Salmon, Annals of Botany, xiii., 123,
pl. vii., ff. 81-91 (1899).
Mr. Nicholson dicuveren this Fissidens growing in one of the
Houses, on a Tre n stem, brought from Jamaica. It proved
on examination k us a new species allied to F. Ravenelii, Sulliv.
Hypopterygium viridulum, Mitt. Trunks of Tree-Ferns, Winter
Garden.
' Rhizogonium peraatum, Hook f. et Wils. Common in the
Filmy-Fern House. .
TE pay mcum pennatum, Brid. At the base of Tree-Fern stems,
101
3. HEPATICAE. (Liverworts.}
MARCHANTIALES.
MARCHANTIACEAE. .
Reboulia, Nees.
R. hemisphaerica, Raddi. On stones. Rockery.
Lunularia, Mich.
L. vulgaris, Mich. On damp soil. Common.
Dumortiera, Reinw.
D. hirsuta, Reinw. On soil. Fern houses.
Marchantia. Linn.
M. polymorpha, Linn. On damp soil. Common.
JIUNGERMANNIALES.
ANAKROGYN Æ.
Metzgeria, Raddi.
M. furcata, Nees. On stones. Merlin’s cave.
Monoclea, Hook.
M. Fosteri, Hook. Ondamp soil. Filmy fern house.
Pellia, Raddi.
P. epiphylla, Nees. On damp soil. Rockery.
AKROGYN E.
Lophozia, Dwmort.
L. quinquedentata, Dumort. Amongst filmy ferns in fern pit.
Plagiochila, Nees & Mont.
P. distinctifolia, Lindenb. In filmy fern house.
Lophocolea, Nees.
L. bidentata, Dumort. On moist soil. Common.
Saccogyna, Dumort.
S. viticulosa, Dumort. Amongst filmy ferns in fern pit.
Cephalozia, Dumort.
C. divarieata, Spruce. On stones Fern house.
102
Bazzania, S. F. Gray.
B. anisostoma, Steph. On fern stem. Fern house.
Lejeunia, Gott. & Lindenb.
L. serpyllifolia, Libert. On stones. Rockery.
Frullania, Raddi.
F. Tamarisci, Mees. Amongst filmy ferns in fern pit.
4. LICHENES. (Lichens.)
By O. V. Darbishire, M.A.-
The lichens found in the Gardens are very few in number, not
only of individuals but also species. They are, furthermore, as a
rule very poorly developed, a condition of things very generally
prevailing near and in towns
Of the species mentioned in the following list, Lepra ibe
alone appears to be in a flourishing PIRE in the Garden To
it is due the green colour comm only se n the bark of older
trees and on wood palings. It is an DAE Tre consisting
of masses of green algae enveloped by a thin coat of fungal hyphae,
but never producing any fruit. Lecanora crenulata seems to be
fairly well distributed on limestone rocks and building stones,
otherwise the specimens are mostly dwarfed and scanty.
Most of the species where no locality is given were found in
the rock garden, but nearly every bit of limestone bears small
apothecia of Lecanora crenula
Cladonia chlorophaea, FIL,
C. cornucopioidea, Ng/.
C. fimbriata, (L.) Fr.
C. furcata, ede) Fr, Wood palings on the river-side path
towards Richmon
C. pyxidata, (L.) Fr.
Lecanora crenulata, Dicks.
L. Hageni, (Ach.) Kbr,
L. varia, (Hhrh.) Ach. Oak palings near stable yard.
Parmelia saxatilis, (L.) Fr.
103
Placodium Murorum, Ni.
Pannaria pezizoides, Weber. On bare ground ; formerly common
on slope of bank facing Palace Grounds.
Peltigera canina, (L.) Scher.
Collema limosum, Ac.
Lepra viridis, Scher.
Leproloma lanuginosum, (Ach.) Ngt.
5. FUNGI.
By G. Massee, F I.S.
The following enumeration of 378 genera and 1,742 species
rare and interesting species, any other record for an equal ar
This is only sicca Re would x expected, when the enn
flux from
along with ‘soil, or frequently on the trunks of tree-ferns, either
in the form of spores, or in an undeveloped condition,
It is worthy of note that the Polyporeae and Thelephor
abundant in tropical regions, are absent from the list as fitroddood
specie
As illustrative of the exotic element may be mentioned Hiatula
an
emitting a pale green light. It is figured by Cooke lusir. Brit
Fung., pl. 688). Tiamis purpurata, Cke. & Mass., a very
beautiful fungus, was established (Grev., xviii., 73) from specimens
growing on the trunk of a omne heH in one of the fern-houses, and
has since been received from aui ed Zealand, its undoubted —
Aserüe rubra, La Bill, the m beautiful of the many quai
forms belonging to the stetur à native of qud od
also occurred in a stove, some time previous to the year ar 1867 ; the
specimens are at present in the herbarium. e genus Chitonia,
E only four known species, is represented by C. rubriceps,
Cke. ass. (Grev., xv., 91), found on soil ir the aroid house
but ion gh a typical member of a exotic genus, no clue as to
its native habitat has yet been obtain
Coming to microscopic forms, we a that the list contains a
still greater per-centage of introduced species, t.e., species new to
104
concerned, and of these above 30 were first established from
Kew material by Dr. Cooke, who paid special attention to this
genus.
Not a single example, however, of a parasitic fungus, that has
proved to be destructive to plants, has been introduced to Europe
through Kew
The indigenous species of fungi belonging to the Agaricineae—
probably due a great extent to the absence of cattle in the
unds—are us ‘than would be oren, with tke following
notable exceptions. In the genus Russula 53 species have been
observed during the last TR years, out of a total of 61 British
Species e large size and Ane E of most species
belonging to this.genus render them very conspicuous objects in
the arboretum during e summer n early autumn.
genus containing species of sufficient size and brilliancy of
i gei je attract eaa ue attention is Boletus, which numbers
28 8
"v Apes good collection of specimens of Sugh along with
models and drawings, are exhibited in No. 2 M
A word of thanks is due to the members ri the » dede staff,
interested in mycology, for the discovery of numerous species,
eee but for their zeal, would not have appeared in the present
lis
c host-plant, or matrix, on which each fungus occurred, has
been given, and also the locality for the larger species that are
likely to occur again. Finally, notes have been added, E
the edible and poisonous species of the Agaricines, also t
parasitic species that are known to be destructive to plants.
Species known to be introduced are distinguished by an
asterisk.
The species of Myxogastres occurring at Kew are given in an
Appendix at the end.
BASIDIOMYCETES.
HY MENOMYCETES.
AGARICINEAE.
Amanita, Fries.
A. virosa, Fries. Among grass. Poisonous. A.
A. Mappa, Batsch. Under beeches. Poisonous. A.
A. phalloides, Fries. A dangerous species. It has been proved
that a large percentage of the accidents caused by fungus poison-
ing, both in this country and on the Continent, pers poen caused
by this species. A figure is exhibited in No. 2 Muse
105
Amanita muscaria, L. A large, showy fungus, the cap when
expanded often as large as a dinner-plate, brilliant crimson with
white spots. Very poisonous. ‘
. rubescens, Pers. Edible, flavour mild; the flesh of cap and
stem turns red when broken. Care must be ‘taken not to confound
this species with Amanita pantherina, which is poisonous. À.,
A. pantherina, DC. Under trees. Poisonous. The flesh remains
perfectly white when broken. £
A. spissa, Fries. Under beeches. A.
A. nitida, Fries. Under beeches. Poisonous, A.
Amanitopsis, Karsten.
A. vaginata, Karsten. Edible, me ber delicate. Colour of
cap variable, grey, buff, orange, or whit 4Q
A. strangulata, Fries. Among grass under trees. Q.
xi Fries.
L. procera, Scop. Edible. Popularly known as the parasol
mushro oom, on k: count of its shape. Sometimes very large, a
specimen from the Aboretum had a stem 16 inches long and
pileus 11 inches ulta Aa Ma
L. — Vitt. Edible; similar in flavour and appearance
to L. procera. Q.
Var. puellaris, Fries. A.
L. excoriata, Schaeff. Edible. B.
L. leucothites, Vitt. Edible. B.
L.gracilenta, Kromb. Under beeches. A.
L. mastoidea, Fries. Among grass. A.
L. Friesii o Lasch. Under trees. Q.
L. acutesquamosa, Wein. Under yews. Q.
L. Badhami, Berk. & Broome. Under Sequoia sempervirens.. A.
L. emplastra, Cke. & Mass. Under Cedrus Libani. This
paer was founded on —— in the gardens and is
- described A td xviii. 51) gure is given in Jllustr. Brit.
Fungi, pl. 1164.
L. ees Bull. A.
L. cristata, Fries. A.
L. cepaestipes, Sow. On soil in conservatory.
Var. cretaceus, Bull. In a stove.
106
Lepiota Hee Berk. & eo. On soil in Palm house. A
very elegant fungus, g -— f Ceylon, established by Berke-
ley & Broome Go È nn. Sis Bot. xi. 500) ; figured in Cooke’s
Illustr. Brit. Fungi, pl. 1179
L. carcharia, Pers. Under Pinus sylvestris. A.
L. granulosa, Batsch. Under Pinus sylvestris. A.
L. martialis, Oke. & Mass. On palm stem in Palm house.
L. ianthina, Cke. On soil in a stove.
L. felina, Pers. On the ground. A.
L. naucina, Fries. On naked soil. A.
L.illinita, Fries. On the ground under ferns. Q.
L. Georginae, W. G. Sm. Among dead leaves. This very
peculiar species is pure white, but esci blood red when
touched. Q.
Armillaria, Fries.
llea, Vahi. On the ground, round roots of trees.
107
Tricholoma "erba Bull. On the ground. Smell strong,
very unpleasant. A.,
. T. ionides, Bull. Among grass. A.
T. carneum, Bull. Among grass. A.
T. album, Schaeff. Among grass under trees. A., Q.
T. duracinum, Cke. Under beeches. First observed at Kew.
Described, Grev., xii, 41; figured, lustr. Brit. Fung.
pl. ee A.
T. persona tum, Fries. Among grass. Edible. pin; of the els
species cmd in addition to the common mushroom, may 80
imes be seen offered for sale under the name of. e Blewits or
* Blue- a A. B.
T. tigrinum, Schaef. Under conifers. A.
T. patulum, Fr. Among grass. Q.
nudum, Fries. Among grass. Edible; preferred by some
people to T. personatum, which it much resemble es. A,
Var. major, Che. A.
T. melaleucum, Fries. Onthe naked ground. A., B.
Var. porphyroleucum, Fries. B.
T. ‘brevipes, Bull. On the ground. A.
T. humile, Fries. On heaps of dead leaves. A.
T. sordidum, Fries. On heaps of dead leaves. A.
T. Pes-caprae, Schaeff. On the ground under beeches. A.
T. tigrinum, Schaeff. Under pines. A.
T. circumtectum, Che. & Mass. Under beeches. First found
in the gardens in 1886, and afterwards in abundance in Yorkshire.
(Che. Habk., ed. ii. 382 ; Illustr. Brit. Fung. pl. 1182.)
T. saevum, Mod A very fine fungus, somewhat resembling
which it differs in absence of violet tinge in
gilis, and short, Hoat squamulose stem. Among grass, under
À.
T. tenuiceps, Oke. & Mass. Under trees. (Cke. Hdbk. ed. ii. 398;
Illustr. Brit. Fung. pl. 1166.) A.
T. Russula, Schaeff. Among grass. A.
T. subpulverulentum, Fries. Among grass. A.
T. cuneifolium, Fries. Under trees. P.
T. grammopodium, Fries. Among short grass. A. Q.
108
Clitocybe, Fries.
C. nebularis, Batsch. Under trees among leaves. Edible
large fleshy fungus having an excellent flavour, fairly äburidint,
and not easily mistaken for any other species when once
understood. Q.
C. clavipes, Fries: Under trees. A.
C. odorus, Fries. On the ground. A., Q.
C. cerussatus, Fries. Under trees. A.
C. phyllophilus, #7ies. Among dead leaves. A., Q.
C. pithyophilus, Fries. Among dead leaves. A.
C. tornatus, Fries. Under trees. Q.
C. candicans, Fries, Among leaves. A., P.
C. fumosus, Pers. Among grass by paths. A.
C. infundibuliformis, Schaeff. Among grass. Q.
C. inversus, Scop. Under cedars. P.
C. flaceidus, Fries. Under irees. P.
C. Tuba, Fries. Among grass. Q.
C. maximus, Fries. On the ground among grass. A very fine
and noble fungus, more or less funnel-shaped. The largest Speci-
men found measured 10 inches across the pileus. Q.
C. dealbatus, Fries. Among dead leaves. Q.
C. gilvus, Fries. Under cedars. A.
C. lobatus, Sow. Under cedars. Pileus rich orange-brown,
margin deeply lobed. A.
C. cyathiformis, Fries. Under trees. A., B.
C. pruinosus, Fries. Among grass. A.
C. brumalis, Fries. Under trees. Q.
C. metachrous, Fries. Under trees. A., Q.
C. fragrans, Sow. Among grass. A., P.
C. suaveolens, Fries. Among grass. Smell strong, spicy. A.
C. ditopus, Fries. Among dead leaves. A., Q.
Laccaria, Berk. & Broome.
L. laccata, Berk. & Broome. Among grass under trees, A.
109
Laccaria bella, Berk. & Br. Among dead leaves Q.
Collybia, Fries.
C. radicata, Fries. Among grass. A., B.
C. platyphylla, Fries. On the ground under trees.
C. — Fries. On the ground. A rare fungus, probably
ofte d over for O. fusipes, from which it differs in the
ON rugulose pileus and scattered habit of growth.
C. fusipes, Bull. Among grass in open places. Edible. A.
C. maculata, Alb. & Schw. Among grass. A.
C. prolixa, Fries. On the ground near stumps. Q.
C. distorta, Fries. On heaps of dead leaves. A.
C. butyracea, Bull. On the ground under trees. A., Q.
C. stipitaria, Fries. On twigs lying on the ground. B.
C. eonfluens, Pers. On the md ae tufted; tough, and
resembling a "Marasmius in habit
C conigena, Pers. On fallen cones of Pinus s glvestr E^
C. cirrhata, Schum. On the ground among grass and moss.
z
C. tuberosa, Bull. On up Russula nigricans. Springing
from a small sclerotium. A.,
C. xylophila, Fries. On a decayed, fallen trunk, Q.
C. vertiruga, Cooke. On rotten twigs. A very Proter gpecies,
edel by the wrinkled pileus and velvety stem Q.
C. hariolorum, Bull. Among dead beech leaves lying on the
und. A.
C. xanthopoda, Fries. On the ground. A.
C. nitellina, Fries. On the ground. A.
C. esculenta, Jacq. On the ground under trees. A.
C. tenacella, Pers. Under pines. A.
C. dryophila, Bull. On the ground under trees. A., Q.
C. aquosa, Bull. Among grass under trees. A.
C. ocellata, Fries. Among grass. A.
C. muscigena, Schum. On the ground among moss and grass. Q.
C. rancida, Fries. On stumps. Smell strong, rancid. A.
C. ambusta, Fries. On burnt ground. A.
C. protratta, Fries. Among leaves lying on the ground. A.
110
Collybia nummularia, Bull, Among dead leaves. A.
C. atrata, Fries. On burnt ground. Q.
Mycena, Fries.
M. pelianthina, Fries. Among leaves under trees. . A.
M. pura, Pers. On the ground under trees. A. Q.
M. pseudopura, Cooke. On the ground under trees. Resémbling
M. pura in general a aiarar and habit, but somewhat smaller
and having much larger spores. Q.
M. rubromarginata, Fries. On the ground. Q.
M. olivaceo-marginata, Massee. Among short grass, growing in
troops. Distinguished by the honey-coloured pileus and stem and
the dark olive edge of the gills. (Cooke’s Hdbk. Ed. II. p. 369 ;
Cooke's Illustr. pl. 959A.)
M. lineata, Bull. Among grass. A.
M. luteo-alba, Bull. Among short grass. A.
M. rugosa, Fries. On stumps. A.
M. galericulata, Scop. On stumps. A., Q.
Var. calopus, Fries. On stumps. A.
M. polygramma, Bull. On stumps. A. B.
M. dissiliens, Fries. Among grass and on a stump. A,
M. atro-cyanea, Batsch. Among grass under trees. Q
M. pullata, Berk. & Cooke. Among grass. Smell unpleasant.
A quaint looking fungus, having the pileus and stem almost black
and the gills snow-white
M. elegans, Pers. Among grass. Q.
M. alcalina, Fries. On the ground and on stumps and twigs. Q.
M. ammoniaca, Fries. Among grass. A.
M. metata, Fries. Among short grass. A.
M. vitrea, Fries. Among grass. A,
M. stannea, Fries. Among short grass. Q.
M. debile, Fries. Among moss. Q.
M. vitilis, Fries. Among grass. A.
M. tenella, Fries. Among short grass. A., P.
M. acicula, Schaeff. On leaves and small twigs lying on the
ground. B.
M. sanguinolenta, Alb. & Schw. Among dead leaves, A.
M. galopoda, Pers. On the ground among leaves. A., Q.
111
Mycena leucogala, Cke. On a stump. A peculiar little fungus of
a dark purple brown colour; when the stem is broken a white
milky-looking fluid exudes in drops. (Grev. xi. 4l; Illustr. Brit.
Fung. pl. 653.) A.
M. haematopoda, Fries. On dead branches. The stem contains
a blood-red fluid which flows out when wounded. Q.
M. cruenta, Fries. On the ground. The stem contains a dark
red liquid,
M. crocata, Fries. On the ground. The stem contains a large
quantity of saffron-red juice. Q.
M. epipterygia, Scop. Among leaves and on branches lying on
the ground. A.,Q.
M. pelliculosa, Fries. Among grass. A.
M. vulgare, Pers. On twigs and on leaves on the ground. A.
M. consimile, Cke. Among leaves. (Grev.xix. 41; Illustr. Brit.
Fung. pl. 1186.) Q.
M. citrinella, Pers. Among dead leaves. A.
M. rorida, Fries. Among leaves and moss and on twigs. A.
M. clavicularis, Fries. On fallen twigs. Q.
M. filopes, Fries. On the ground. Stem very slender, attached
to dead leaves, &c., by a long, downy root. A., Q.
M. saccharifera, Berk. & Broome. On dead bramble stems. Q:
M. tenerrima, Berk. On twigs and herbaceous stems. B.
M. ii ieena Aeth On fallen twigs. A very delicate little
white fungus not more than 1-2 lines broad. Base of stem
expanded into a rud circular disc.
M. discopoda, Pers. On branches, &c. A.
M. corticola, Schum. On bark of trees. A.
M. hiemale, Osbeck. On bark of trees. A.
Omphalia, Fries.
O. hydrogramma, Fries. Among leaves under trees. A.
0. maura, Fries. Among short grass. A.
0. Postii, Fries. On sphagnum in the forcing pits.
0. sphagnicola, Berk. On sphagnum in the pits.
0. striaepileus, Fr. Among grass. Q.
O. oniscus, Fries. On tħe ground. Q.
0. pyxidata, Bull. On banks. A.
O. rustica, Pers, On banks. A.
112
Capian hepatica, Batsch. On the ground among moss,
&c. P.
0. muralis, Sow. On dry banks. A.
0. infumata, Berk. & Broome. Among grass and moss. A.
O. pseudoandrosacea, Bull. Among grass on lawn. Occurring
in troops after prolonged rain. A.
O. umbellifera, L. On banks. A.
O. retosta, Fries. Dry places on the ground. P.
O. griseo-pallida, Desm. Among dry grass. A., P.
0. stellata, Fries. Rotten wood. Q.
O. camptophylla, Berk. On rotten twigs. Q.
0. grisea, Fries. On the ground. A. Q.
O. Campanella, Batsch. Among moss and short grass. A.
0. Fibula, Bull. Among short grass. P.
Var. Swartzii, Fries Among grass. A.
O. directa, Berk. & Broome. On dead leaves. EY
minute, the 'pileus rarely exceeding half a line in diameter. Q.
O. bullula, Brig. On dead twigs. Q.
Pleurotus, Fries. ~
P. corticatus, Fries. On trunks. A.
P. ulmarius, Bull. On elm trunks. A., P.
P. dryinus, Pers. On ed trunk. The largest specimen measured
11 inches across the pileus. Q.
P. tessulatus, Bull. Ona ee Q.
_ P. circinnatus, Fries. On wood. Q.
P. ostreatus, Jacg. On fallen trunks. Many people are pre-
judiced against fu peA growing on wood or stumps, considering
that all such are poisonous. This is true of some species ; never-
theless Pleurotus aena, the “ priis fungus," so called on
etie of its cap r esembling an oyster shell in shape, always
grows on wood, yet it is universally acknowledged as one of the
best and este! of edible fungi. Q
Var. euosmus, Fries. On trunks. A.
Var. columbinus, Bres. On stumps. Q.
P. salignus, Fries. On willow trunks by the lake, A.
P. sapidus, Kalchbr. Onelm trunks. Edible. Remarkable for
the branched stem, several caps or re springing at different
points from a common thickened stem
P.limpidus, Fries. On rotten wood lying on the ground. A.
*
113
Pleurotus tremulus, Schaeff. On rotten wood. A.
P. acerinus, Fries. On fallen trunks. Q.
P. acerosus, Fries. On gravel paths and on lawns. A.
. mitis, Pers. On fallen branches of various coniferous trees. A.
algidus, Fries. On wood.
septicus, Fries. On twigs and decaying Polyporus.
applicatus, Batsch. On rotten wood. A.
. hypnophilus, Pers. On moss. A., P., Q.
om o'U Cu (v
P. chioneus, Pers. On rotten wood. A.
Hygrophorus, Fries.
H. eburneus, Bull. Among grass under trees. Q.
H. aureus, Arrh. Among grass. A.
H. hypothejus, Fries. Among grass. A.
H. cerasinus, Berk & Broome. Among grass. A.
H. livido-albus, Berk & Broome. Among grass. A.
H. mesotephrus, Berk & Broome. On the ground under
beeches. Q.
H. olivaceo-albus, Fries. On the ground. Q.
H. limacinus, Fries. On the ground. Q.
H. pratensis, Pers. Among grass in open places. Edible. A.
H. virgineus, Wulf. Open grassy places. Edible. A.
Var. roseipes, Mass. Among grass. A.
H. niveus, Scop. Among short grass. Edible. A.
H. , Sow. Among short grass. A pure white fungus,
Serie sie cap covered with a thick glutinous mass. Smell very
strong and unpleasant, resembling that of the larva of the Goat
moth—Cossus Omm iper rda Q
H. fornicatus, Fries. Among grass. Q.
H. distans, Berk. Among grass. Q.
H. Clarkii, Berk. & Broome. Among grass. A.
H. irrigatus, Pers. Among grass. A.
H. ceraceus, Wulf. Among grass. A.
H. coccineus, Schaeff. Open places among grass and moss. Q.
H. metapodius, Fries. Among grass. A,
13757 H
114
ores éalyptraeformis, Berk. Among grass in open
places.
Pe niveus, Cke, Among grass. A.
H. chlorophanus, Fries. Grassy places. A., P.
H. psittacinus, Schaef. Among short grass. A very pretty
fungus, having a blending of yellow, green, and orange in the cap,
hence the iéoifto name. A.
H. nitratus, Pers. iius grass. Very fragile. Smell very
strong, nitrous. A. - ;
H. Taeg Fries. Among short grass. Q.
H. puniceus, Fries. Among grass under trees. A.
H. obrusseus, Fries. Short grass in open places. A.
H. conicus, Scop. Among grass in open places. A showy fungus,
having a conical cap of a bright yellow colour hie a scarlet tip ;
every part becoming black when bruised or when
H. miniatus, Fries. Among short grass. A small, very fragile
fungus, entirely deep clear crimson, becoming almost white when
old. A.
— Fries.
gy scal
xudes a quantity of aede iE fluid when broken. In some
species 8 this fluid is white, like milk, in others yellow or red. In
e species the liquid is insipid, in Paru as the present, very
No and causing a tingling of the tongue.
L. turpis, Fries. On the ground under trees, A., P.
L. controversus, Pers. Under trees. A.
L.insulsus, Fries. Among grass. Milk white, very acrid, A,
L. hysginus, Fries. Among grass. Q.
L. trivialis, Fries. On the ground, Q.
L. pubescens, Schrad. Grassy places, A,
L. blennius, Fries. On the ground under trees, A., P
L. pyrogalus, Bull. On the ground under trees. A.,Q
L. quietus, Fries. Under trees, Q.
L. flexuosus, Fries. | On the ground. Milk white, very acrid. Q.
L. aurantiacus, Fries, Among grass. A.
L. rufus, Scop. Under pines. A.
ciosmus, Fries.
A,
L. gly Under trees, Smell strong, resembling
spirit of wine,
115
Lactarius volemus, Fries. On the ground under trees. A large
fungus, cap and stem deep rusty orange poo Milk white,
abundant, sweet. Edible.
L. serifluus, DC. Under trees. A., Q. ue
L. subduleis, Bull. Among grass under trees. A., Q.
M dio Under trees. Smell strong, pleasant,
resembling Melilot
L. cimiearius, Batsch. Smell heavy and very woah said
to resemble the smell of bugs, hence the specific na
Russula, Fries.
R. nigricans, Bull. Among grass. A.Q.
R. albo-nigra, Kromb. Among grass. A.
R. adusta, Fries. Among grass. A., Q.
R. densifolia, Gillet. Under beeches. A.
R. mustelina, Fries. Under beeches. A.
R. olivascens, Fries. Under oaks. A.
R. furcata, Fries. Under trees. A.; Q.
Var. pictipes, Cke. Under trees. A.
Var. ochroviridis, Cke. Under trees. A.
R. rosacea, Fries. Grassy places. A.
R. maculata, Quélet. On naked ground under trees. A.
R. sardonia, Fries. Among grass. A.
R. purpurea, Fries. Under beeches. A.
R. lactea, Pers. Under beeches. A.
Var. incarnata, Quélet. Under beeches. A.
R. virescens, Schaeff. Among grass. A.
R. cutefracta, Cke. Under pines. A.
R. rubra, Fries. Among grass under trees. A., Q.
Var. sapida, Quélet. Under beeches. A.
R. Linnaei, Fries. Under beeches, A.
R. xerampelina, Schaeff. Among grass under trees, A., Q.
R. olivacea, Schueff. Under beeches. A.
R. serotina, Quélet.. Shady places among grass, A.
R. , Fri Among grass under trees, This fungus is
edible, an and ue flavour very good, but as there are so many
8 species in the genus, it requires knowledge to be certain
that: Yon. are dealing with the right species. A.
13757 H2
116
Russula lilacea, Quélet. Under various trees. A
R. amoena, Quélet. Under trees. | Cap very bright but pale
purple. A.
R. cyanoxantha, Schaeff. Grassy places. A.
R. heterophylla, Fries. Among grass under oaks. A.
R. galochroa, Bull. Under beeches. A.
R. consobrina, Fries. Among grass ‘under trees. A.
Var. intermedia, Cke. Under beeches. A.
Var. sororia, Fries. Under beeches. A.
R. foetens, Pers. Under trees. Smell strong and very
unpleasant. A., Q.
R. subfoetens, W. G. Smith. Under beeches. A.
R. fellea, Fries. — trees. Entirely pale straw colour, taste
very bitter. Poisonou
R. expallens, Gillet. Under trees among grass. A.
R. elegans, Bres. Among grass under beeches. A.
R. emetica, Fries. Among grass. A very beautiful a cap
varying from pale rose-colour to deep crimson, remainder snow-
white. Very poisonous, nevertheless it appears to be a avoalc
food plant for slugs and snails, it being often difficult to find a
A specimen out of scores that has not been more or less
eaten. A.
Var. Clusii, Fries. Among grass. A.
Var. fallax, Schaeff. Among grass. A.
R. fingibilis, Britz. Among grass under oaks. + E
» condensata cae ee — — B T + — cu
ns longata .. ee T Puncta ES as Sm i + + + -—
Closterium acerosum fe ee ee e + a Ae + +
Sphaeroplea annulina a — — — + $ us e ET
Cladophora fracta —|—|—-1|-1|- + $ X 4
Ulothrix radicans -|-| -|— + sine na ow T ne
Sciadium arbuscula -|/—-—-};—-J]—-|f- dcos desc aa
Tetrasporalubriea .. nf A ~| — — -— — = 53 "m im
The first Iuteresting form which appeared was Chaetophora
endiviaefolia, which utterly sene after the & ak was cleaned
out in April. A few weeks after this Draparnaldia plumosa and
Sphaeroplea nnm the latter of which had been abundant at
the same spot in former years, put in an BPDosraines, to be to a
great extent superseded by two species of Spirogyra in the next
month; finally, in July, Fetraspora lubrica appeared and has
again vanished.
Undoubtedly this great change in the vegetation of the tank
in suecessive months is partly due to the ma ies Algae, which
collects every few weeks, being removed, room being thus
furnished for the abad of other species. "HG connection with
this the sudden appearance of Chantransia pygmaea in the
middle t tank of the trai house, a fortnight after it had been
eaned out, may be mentioned. owever, other Algae show a
priodi develbpment without any such agency coming into
play. Thus Oscillaria nigra first appeared in the water-lily pond
July ; in September it was far the most important constituent
an qui
cd in earlier parts of the pee is the most abundant Alga here.
Much has already been written on the periodicity of certain
plankton organisms (Clathrocystis, Anabaena flos aquae, &c.),
but as far as I am aware too little attention in this respect has
been paid d those inhabiting the deeper regions of the water.
191
It is interesting in this connection alone to compare the winter
with the summer flora. Species of the hardy genera of Algae
(Cladophora, Rhizoclonium, Oedogonium, Ulothrix) are gps
to be found just only in winter a
such considerable quantity ; but the more delicate species on ly
put in an app en the temperature and, wha obably
more important, the amount of light* has increased. Much can be
said on this subject, but I must here confine myself to the state-
ments made
The plankton of the artificial waters at Kew is, as has already
been mentioned, in its general character almost the same as that o
the Thames, and for this reason I have included species found in
ihe plankton of the river at Kew in my list. In quantity of
individuals, however, the difference is very striking ; whereas the
8 pia
the waters at Kew the green j rre (especi wn f Vilocinet Pedia-
strum, and Scenedesmus) play a very important part and consider-
wu exceed the Diatomaceae in number. This striking difference
n the quantitative development of the plankton in rivers and
mien has already been pointed out by Zacharias and others. On
the whole, d the plankton of the artificial waters at Kew
is rather poo
If the ce of the flora, as tabulated on page 188, be once
more referred to, it will be noticed that the number of species of
Desmids fou is i
represented. Of the large genus Stawrastrum only six species,
uastrum only one species was found, whilst Micrasterias,
Desmidium, &c., are quite a t
The entire absence of Peridineae is worthy of note.
* * > * Ld
The Algae in the subjoined list were for the most part collected
by me from the beginning of December, 1901, to October, 1902.
Ag the collecting was carried out in different parts of the gardens
almost daily, not many of the forms present this year will have
escaped me. A preliminary list of Algae, collect d by Mr. C. H.
Wright, A.L.S., and Mr. G. Massee, F.L.S., s placed in my
hands at the commencement of this hreig; many of these
have been found again this year, but some twenty I quote on
their authority. These species have been marked with an asterisk.
Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1897, p. 511, mentions
a number of Algae he had found at Kew, which have also been
adopted in the present list.
A few words on the system of classification adopted may be
added. For many years the old system of classifying Algae has
been felt to be inadequate, and in recent years an attempt has
* Cp. Zacharias, Uber die Ursache der der Verschiedenheit des Winterplanktons in
grossen u. kleinen Seen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. xxii., 1889, pp, 26 and 27,
192
been made to establish a new classification, based on the nature
of the product of assimilation and on the structure of the zoos-
pores. This system, as at present extant, is mainly due to the
efforts of Bohlin*, who has published several interesting papers
-on this subject during the last few years. Quite recently Black-
man and Tansleyf have commenced to publish a “ Revision of
the Classification of the Green Algae," based on Bohlin's gystem
-with a few slight x dapes Some of these I have also adopted
in my list; in other cases I have followed Bohlin’s views.
Although far from Pus perfect, the present system expresses
much more clearly than the old one di eu current ideas on the
phylogenetic relationships of the green Alga
For the Cyanophyceae I have mainly followed 2 classifi-
cation in Cooke, British Freshwater Algae. The oms are
arranged according to Rabenhorst, Flora Algarum rendi
Vol. 1.
Full descriptions and figures of the new forms found will be
given in one of the next numbers of Annals o pene in which
one or two doubiful forms will also be discusse
Finally I have to thank Prof. Dr. Chodat, of Geneva, for his
kind assistance in the de termination of certain plankton forms,
minations, and it is a great pleasure to me to acknowledge and
thank him for v extreme kindness.—Jodrell Laboratory, Kew,
October 18th, 1902
I. RHODOPHYCEAE.
BATRACHOSPERMEAE.
Chantransia, Fries, 1825.
C. pygmaea, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 285. Formed large numbers of
small round tufts on the stone sides of the middle tank of the
water-lily house (No. 15) during March, 1902. This species
appea some few weeks after the tank had been cleaned out,
numerous dark red patches interrupting the stratum of Lyngbya,
o er er of
been found to take its place, although some species of this genus
have been asserted to be only stages in the development of
Batrachospermum, &c
T Cp. berie Utkast till de gröna algernas och arkegoniaternas fylogeni,
+ € ie es €: oi bees Prof. Tansley very kindly sent me an
outline of that Reed f the re which had not »- appeared in ish for
which I desire to express my y best rrr iy
193
II. HETEROKONTAE.
Series I. Vaucheriales.
VAUCHERIACEAE.
Vaucheria, DC., 1805.
V. Dillwynni, Ag. Syst., 173. On damp ground near the water-
lily pond, April, 1 1902.
V. sessilis (Vawch.), DC. Flor. Fr.,1I.,63. On rocks below and
— water in the temperate house pool, March, 1902 ; in the side
anks of the water-lily house, April, 2;in a glass vessel with
deat in the Herb. Dptmt., June, 1902. Sexual organs were
sent in every case (cp. also Bennett in Journ. Roy. Micr.
Bar 1897, 511).
V. geminata ( Vauch.), DC. loc. cit.,62. In the side tanks of the
disol house, fruiting in April, 902.
Var. racemosa, Walz. Lake, April, 1902. The curious
sexual branches "were well develo ped.
hamata ( V. iain ), Lyngb. Hydroph., T1, t. xx., fig. c. On soil
in Se pot (Massee !).
*V. terrestris, Lyngb. loc. cit, TT. On soil in plant pot
(Massee !).
t fabserosporm Nordst. Bot. Notis. 1878, 177, t. 2. Thames
at Kew (cp. Cooke in Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2, vol. 2,
p. 219 !
Series IT. Confervales. |
1. BOTRYDIACEAE.
Botrydium, Wallr., 1815.
*B. granulatum, L. “On mud on shore of lake, common iring
3?
some seasons. Men !)
2. CONFERVACEAE.
Conferva ( Linn.), Link, 1820.
C. bombycina, Ay. Syst., 83. Formed a compact green layer on
outside ledge of weit tebe house, 1902. The cells of this species
were generally filled with granules s of oil; no starch was present
(ep. Wille in Nat. Pfl. I, 2, p. 85
Seiadium, Braun, 1855.
S. arbuscula, Braun Alg. Unicell., 106, t. 4. On Cladophora in
laboratory tank, Aeri DOR. 1902 (isolat ed).
Ophiocytium, Näg., 1849.
*0. cochleare Save ), Braun loc. cit., 54. Lake (Massee !).
O. circinatum, Wolle, was observed in the higher reaches of the
Thames, and a close sect would probably also diselose it in the
river at Kew.
13757 rie N
194
III. STEPHANOKONTA E.
OEDOGONIACEA E.
Oedogonium, Link, 1820.
0. Vaucherii (Le Clerc), Braun Chytr., 381, t. 2, f. 13. In the
temperate house pools; with oogonia in À pril, 1902 ; disappeared
in May, 1902.
0. capillare (Linn.), Kütz. Phyc. Gen. 225, t. 12, f. 1-10.
Growing on Nitella syncarpa, contained in a glass ves sel in one
of the pits, April, 1902. This species is cnrious in that the apical
cell of each filament is provided with a tip, which is formed
before or at the same time as the root on the developing zoospore.
During the summer months this species has been slowly dying ;
it is now practically colourless, the cells being crowded with
starch granules (cp. Annals of Botany, vol. xvi., 1902, 481).
0. caleareum, Cleve in Wittr. Disp. Oedo 0g -, 135. In the warm
tanks of the water-lily house, with oogonia, April, 1902 ; also in
Victoria Regia tank (ep. Cooke, Brit. Freshw. Algae, 165). This
ecie
earbonate of lime, giving its cells a rugged, black, granular
appearance. M e qum 1902.
O. cardiacum (Hass.), Wittr. loc. cit, 135. Growing on th
leaves of Vallisneria rans: in the middle tank of the water-lily
house, 1902. Only oogonia and oospores were observed.
0. stagnale, Kiitz. Spec. Alg., 368. Tank in Herb. Dptmt.,
June-September, 1902. Antheridia and young oospores observed.
As far as I am aware this species has not yet been found in this
country.
. Sp. With a water-moss from the river Severn in a glass
vessel in the Herb. Dptmt., 1902. This species has remained sterile
ever since I first observed it in April. Diam. of filaments = 4-5y ;
cells about 4—5 times as long.
IV. CONJUGATAE (AKONTAE).
1. MESOCARPACEAE.
Mesocarpus, Hass., 1845.
Hass. Freshw. Algae, 166. Together with
M. parvulus,
Ulothriz in tank of one of the pits, A il 1902. Z t
observed. pits, April, 1202. Zygospores no
M. pleurocarpus, De Bary Conj., 81, t. ii. fig. 14. Formiug
large yellowish-green floating masses in the lake, Apzil-Bepiember,
1902 ; laboratery tank, 1902. Zygospores not observed.
195
2. ZYGNEMACEAE.
Mougeotia, De Bary, 1858.
*M. glyptosperma, De cnp Conj., 18, t. 8, fig. 20-25. Tancality
and date uncertain (Wright !).
Sirogonium, Kiitz., 1843.
S. sticticum, Kütz. Phyc. gen., 278. Common at the north end
of the lake in the early part of the year, 1902. Zygospores not
observed.
Spirogyra, Link., 1820.
S. crassa, — loc. cit., 280, t. 14. fig. iv. Laboratory tank,
all the year round; ioter bingiad with Zygnema pectinatum in
water-lily dodi, June, 1902; moat, July, 1902. Zygospores not
observed. This is the only species of Spirogyra to be found in
the gardens during the winter months ; the others only appear in
March and April. A well-developed iieath is frequently to be
found surrounding the filaments.
S. nitida (Dillw.), Link, Handbk., iii., 262. Laboratory tank
(Massee !); amongs her Pascenueads inn in a tank in the
Herb. Dptmt., with zygospores, June, 190
S. a (Vauch.), Cleve. Monogr. Zygn., 22, t. 5, fig. 8 to 13.
Middle tank of water-lily house, June, 1902. "A very variable
d .
Var. * = Cooke. Lake, June, 1902. Zygospores not
observe
Var. b. decimina, Cooke. Temperate house pools, inter-
mingled with other Algae, June, 1902. Zygospores not
observed.
Var. c. rivularis, Cooke. Victoria regia tank ; with zygo-
spores, pem. 902.
S. condensata ( Vauch.), Ktz. Tab. Phyc. v., t. 22, fig. iii. Laboratory
tank, July, 1902 ; moat, July, 1902. Zygospores not observed.
S. longata (Vauch.), Ktz. Phyc. germ., 222. Laboratory tank,
June, 1902, with aygosror es. The varieties communis and turpis,
oe were both pre
S. insignis (Hass.), Ktz. Spec. Alg., 438, n. 12. Moat, May,
1902 ; with zygospores.
S. Weberi, Ktz. Phyc. Gen., 279, n. 4, t. 14, fig. 3. On the stone-
bird of the fountain in the pond, J une, 1902. Zygospores not
observed.
Form. a. inaequalis, Cooke. Laboratory tank, August, 1902.
Form. b. subventricosum, Cooke. Gro n lea
Biri s»iralis in middle tank of deiude hu "05,
June, 1902. With zygospores.
13757
N2
196
S. tenuissima (Hass.), Ktz. Spec. Alg., 437. Temperate house
pools; interminglel with Sp. porticalis, July, 1902. Zygospores
not observed.
Zygnema, Kiitz., 1843.
Z. pectinatum, Ag Syst., 78, n. 8. Moat, May, 1902; water-
lily pond, June, 1902. Zygospores not observed.
*Z. stellinum ee ) Ag. Syst., 77, n. 4. Locality and date
unknown (Wrigh
3. DESMIDIACEAE,
Gonatozygon, De Bary, 1856.
G. Brebissonii, De Bary Conj., 11, t. 4, f. 26, 27. Lake, July,
1902 (isolated).
Docidium, Br¢b., 1846.
*D. clava Kütz. in Ralfs Desm. (1848), 156, t. 26, 7.
ep. "fedis in soceri ‘of Royal Microscop. Society, 1891, S Té (x
pe Nitzsch, 1817.
unula (Miller), Ehrb. Abh., 1830. Laboratory tank, July,
is (Wright i plankton of pond, April, 1892 (Chodat !) ; dios
May, 1902 hi).
Es acerosum, Erb. Symb. Phys. Phyt., t. ii., f. 9. Plankton of
pond and Thames, 1902; laboratory tank, May, 1902 ; temperate
house pools, July, 1902.
(m
C. Ehrenbergii, Meneg. Syn. Desm., 232. Isolated amongst other
Algae in side tanks of water-lily house ( (15), April, 1902 ; temperate
house pools, June, 1902 ; streamlet in rockery, September, 1902,
Var. rubro-striolatum, nov. var. Frond elongated; dorsal
surface strongly convex, ventral slightly concave with am
or less conspicuous central i nflation ; considerably attenuated
towardsthe eee ends. Large granules irregularly dar om
E.
in considerable number in each half of the cell.
reddish, analy distinctly striolate, striae pps
aem distinguisha e from one another; a conspicuous central
potire dari nt. Zygo ospore not observed. Breadth des
1005; length about 500 p. Temperate house pools, amongst
Ulo Aoi, July, 1902; streamlet in rockery, Boptatbor, 1902.
C. moniliferum, Erb. Inf., 91, t. 5, 4 16. Plankton of Thames,
August-September, 1902 ; moat, July, 1 902.
C. Jenneri, Ralfs Desm., 107, t. 28, f. 6. Lake, June, 1902.
*C. Leibleinii, Kiitz. Syn. Diat., 596. cp. Dennett in Journal of
Royal Microscopical Society, 1897, 511 (!).
C. bass. Ehr. Infus., 92, t. 5, f. 17. Lake, May, 1902.
tum, Corda Alm. eS 9, f. 61--63. Lake, July
1897. 7 Wright D.
197
C. juncidum, Ralfs Desm., 172, t. 29, f. 6. Isolated amongst
other Algae in side-tanks of "water- lily house, April, 1902.
C. lineatum, Hhrb. Abh. Berl. Akad., 1833, 238. Temperate
house pools, May, 1902.
*C. Ralfsii, Bréb. in Ralfs Desm., 174, t. 30, f. 2. Laboratory
tank, August, 1897 (Wright !).
. cornu, Hhrb. Abh. Berl. Akad., 1830, 62. Victoria Regiu tauk,
June, 1902.
C. linea, Perty kleins. Lebens., 206, t. 10, f. 20. Isolated amongst
other Algae in side tanks of water- lily house, April, 1902.
*Q. eboracense, Turner in Trans. Leeds Nat. Club, i., t. 1, f. 16
Laboratory tank, August, 1897 (Wright D).
C. acuminatum, Az. Phyc. germ., 130, n. 4. Amongst Nitella
syncarpa in a glass vessel in the Herb. Dou. February, 1902.
Penium, Bréb., 1848
P. elosterioides, Ralfs Desm., 152, t. 34, f. 4. Plankton of lake,
April, 1902 (Chodat !); laboratory tank, J uly, 1897 (Wright !).
Mesotaenium, Väg., 1849.
M. chlamydosporum, De Bary, Conj, 75, t. 7, f. D. Amongst
Diatoms and Oscillariae, sharing to bricicvork in pit, March-
Jul 02
Euastrum, Erb., 1831.
E. venustum, Bréb. Liste, 124, t. 1, f. 9. Lake, May-September,
1902.
Cosmarium, Corda, 1835.
C. granatum, Bréb. in Ralfs Desm., 96, t. 32, f. 6: oe
tank, May, 1902 ; tank in private grounds, May, 1902
C. quega- AA taa AR Lund. Desm. Suec., 41, t. 2, f. 18.
Amongst other Algae the rocks in the pools of hs E Br
house, March, 1902.
C. go anim Wittr. Sotv. Alg., 60, t. 4, f. 14. Temperate
house pools, May, 1902 ; lake, June, 1902.
C. crenatum, UR Ann. Nat. Hist., xiv., t. 2, f. 6. Lake, April-
September, 1902.
C. manedbor a ) Meneg. Syn. Desm., 219. Tank in
private grounds, 1902 ; side tanks of water- lily house (15),
June, 1902 ; aee of Thames, August-September, 1902.
C. botrytis, Meneg. Syn. Desm., 220. Amongst Cladophora fract
in temperate house pools, December, 1901 (mihi); etn
tank, July, 1897 (Wright !).
*C. Bro , Thw. in Ralfs Desm.,. 103, t. 16, PB LILET
Biboriory qw August, 1897 (Wright 1).
198
iam quinarium, Lund. Desm. Suec., 28, t. 2, f. 14. Lake, July,
902.
C. isthmochondrium, Nordst. Norges Desm.,12, f. 9. Lake, May-
August, 1902.
C. moniliforme (T'urp.), Ralfs Desm., 107, t. 17, f. 6. Side tanks
of water-lily house, June, 1902.
C. parvulum, Bréb. Liste Desm., 133, t. 1, f. 18. In considerable
quantity amongst other Algae on outside walls of water-lily house.
March, 1902.
Calocylindrus, De Bary, 1858.
. C. Thwaitesii (Ralfs), Cooke Brit. Desm., 126, t. 44, f. 5. Side
tanks of water-lily house (15), June, 1902.
Staurastrum, Meyen., 1829.
8. striolatum, (Nàg.), Pritch. Infus., 140. Lake, August-Sep-
tember, 1902.
oS. punctulatum, Bréb. in Ralfs Desm., 133, t. 22, f. 1. Amongst
Zygnema in laboratory tank (Massee !).
*8. alternans, Bréb. in Ralfs Desn., 132, t. 21, f. T. Laboratory
tank, July, 1897 (Wright !).
areuatum, Nordsi. Norges Desm., 36, f. 18. Laboratory tank,
J ne 1897 (Wright !) ; Lake, September, 1902 (mihi).
S. polymorphum, Bréb. in Ralfs Desm., 135, 6 2, fi 93 4:24, f. 6.
Lake, July, 1902
S. paradoxum, Meyen. Nov. Act. Leop., xiv., 43, f. 38.
Amongst Cladophora in ‘pond, September, 1902. idiom um p.
V. CHLOROPHYCEAE (ISOKONTAE).
Series 1. Siphoneae.
i SPHAEROPLEACEAE.
Sphaeroplea, Ag., 1824.
S. annulina, (Roth.), Ag. Syst. . 76. “Occurred very abundantly
in the tank near the laboratory in 1890, when the surface of the
water was covered with an orange seum " (Massee!). I found it
in May of this year, the tank having been cleaned out a few o3
before (cp. Massee, Journ. Linn. Soc., Vol. xxvii, 1889, 458).
The red oospores were first met no and soon after well-developed
vegetative filaments were abundant. They were still present the
following Mp but irre disappeared since then without pro-
ducing an sexual o (ep. also Bennett in Journ. Roy
Mieroscop. em 1897, BIL)
199
2. CLADOPHORACEAE.
Pithophora, Wittr., 1877.
*P. Kewensis, Wittr. Mon., 52. “In tank, water-lily house, Kew
Gardens, August. "This singular plant is thought by Wittrock to
have been an importation from oo It has not nói Seen in
its original locality for two or three years.” (cp. Cooke, Brit.
Freshw. Algae, 147.) I have not observed this dens during
this summer.
Cladophora, Kiitz., 1843.
C. fracta, (Dillw.), Kütz. Sp. Alg., 410. Temperate house pools,
“Bta 1901 ; laboratory tank, June, 1902 ; moat, July, 1902.
Var. gossypina, Kitz. On the sides of a tank in house No. 8,
September, 1902. The filaments were prese unbranched.
This variety is new to the British Isles
.C. erispata, (Roth.), Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., iv., t. 40, f. 1. Forming
dull green floating masses in the lake, April, 1902 ; moat, July,
1902; in a tank in the Herb. Dptmt., all the year round, 1902.
C. glomerata, (Linn.), Kiitz: Tab. Phyc., iv. Frozen in the ice
of the water- -lily pond, December, 1901.
C. flavescens, Ag. Syst., 112. Water-lily pond, April, 1902.
C. canalicularis, (Roth.), Kütz. Sp. Alg., 409. Side tanks of
iteeHly house and tank in one of the pits, April, 1902; tem-
perate house pools, May. 1902.
Rhizoclonium, Kütz., 1843.
R. hieroglyphicum, (4g), Kütz. Sp. Alg., 385, n. 12. Common
rires the gardens; forming a darkish-green web on the sides
a tank (above the tera of the Hie in one of the pits, February,
; temperate house pools, July, 1902; streamlet in rockery,
September, 1902 ; also abundant in the moat, April,
Series 2. Ulothricheles.
1. COLEOCHAETACEA E.
Coleochaete, Bréb., 1844.
C. scutata; Bréb. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 29, t. 2. On leaves of
Fontinalis in moat, May, 1902; on "water-plants i in the lake, June,
1902. (ep. also Bennett, in Journ. Roy. Microscop. Soc., 1897,
911.)
2. CHAETOPHORACEA E.
Aphanochaete, A. Brawn, 1851.
A. repens, Braun Rejuv., 184. On Cladophora and Meso
in lake, 1902 ; do: fi ae a flavescens, Ag., in — " PAE,
A pril, 190 2; ae y, 1902; on iedipben erispata, tank,
Herb. Dptmt., poets 1902. E
200
Endoderma, Lagerh., 1883.
p. (jadinianum, Huber ?). Growing between the lamellae
of the membrane of a Cladophora, attached to the stone-work of
the fountain in the pond, August, 1902. It seems possible that
this is merely a stage in the development of a Stigeoclonium.
Young plants of this genus with a creeping basal portion, whose
large cells very much resembled those of the Endode a, were
common in the same locality, and belonged to Stig. nanum
(Dillw.), Ktz. (cp. Fritsch in Beihefte. z. Bot. Centralbl. Vol.
XIII., 380-383. Pl. XII.)
Draparnaldia, Ag., 1824.
D. plumosa, (Vauch.), Ag. Syst. 58. Laboratory tank, May,
1902. "This species appeared soon after the tank had been cleaned
ont, and was present in great abundance at that end at which the
Chaetophora, Schrank, 1189.
C. endiviaefolia, Ag. Syst., 28. Growing under water on the
brickwork of the laboratory tank, February, 1902. The tank was
cleaned out soon after this species appeared, and I did not find it
again afterwards.
Stigeoclonium, Kvitz., 1843.
S. farctum, Berth., var. simplex, Fritsch Beihefte Bot. Centralbl.
Vol. XIIL, 376, Pl. X1. i f
: his species forms a kind of basal disc, composed of
creeping connate branches. The vertical filaments are unbranched.
S. tenue, Ag. Syst., 57. Attached to the sides of a tank in the
Herb. Dptmt., February, 1902 ; pond, March, 1902 (zoospores=10p
diameter at first, when spherical ; afterwards when elongated =
pu xX 6,5 yp
S. nanum, (Dillw.), Ktz, Spec. Alg., 352. Pond, May, 1902.
S. fastigiatum (Ralfs), Kitz. Tab. Phyc., iii., £. 8, f. 1. Attached
to filamentous Algae in lake, January, 1909.
8. variabile, Nág. in Ktz. Spec, 352, n. 3. Victoria Regia
tank, May-September, 1902. Not before found in this country,
3. CHROOLEPIDACEAR.
Chroolepus, Ag., 1824.
, C. aureus (Linn.), Kütz. Tab. Phyc., iv., t. 93. Forming a thin,
silky, orange-coloured stratum on the woodwork of one of the
pits, attached to the tropical fern house (No. 2). The filaments
abounded in sporangia, September, 1902. '
201
Microthamnion, Nàg., An
M. kützingianum, Nag. in Ktz. Spec. "m g. 392. Growing ona
Species of Cladophora in boni in one of the pits, March, 1909 ;
Cladophora in tank in No. 8, September, 1902.
4. ULOTHRICHACEA EE.
Ulothrix, Kitz., 1845.
U. moniliformis, Kütz. Tab. Phyc., ii., t. 88. In a glass vessel in
the Herb. Dptmt., containing a water-moss from the River Severn ;
intermingled with Oedogonium, Mesocarpus, &c., March, 1902.
U. zonata, Kitz. loc., cit. ii, t. 90, f. 2. Attached to old tree
stumps in pond, Mare h, 1902. The filaments were partly engaged
in active zoospore-formation, and such filaments were coiled
, AN
Alge, Ulothrix zonata, Pringsh. Jahrb. x. 1876, 6.) It is
probable that several = the other species mentioned are only
forms of U. zonata, Kü
U. bicolor, Ralfs d da No. 13. On old leaves in middle
tank of water-lily house, April, 1902; on leaves in Victoria regia
tank, June, 1902.
U. variabilis, Avitz. loc. cit., ii., t. 85, f. 3. Vis the outer walls of
the palm house, forming a greenish- black scum, January, 1902;
Queen’s Cottage "Grounds, January, 1902; on rocks, subject to the
drip of water, in the temperate house pools, March-September,
1902. This species is nearly always to be found accompanied by
Protococcus viridis or Chlorococcum humicolum.
U. tenerrima, Kiitz. loc. cit., ii, t. 87, f. 1. On ledges in palm
house, intermingled with other Algae, March, 1902 ; tank in Herb.
Dptmt., June, 1902.
U. radicans, Kvitz. loc. cit., ii., t. 95, f. 3. Laboratory tank, May,
1902.
U. coded (Vauch), Kütz. loc. cit., ii., t. 97, f. 1. On tree
Ma in pond, January, 1902; on walls ‘ot Aroid house (No. 1),
March, 1902. Usually found together with members of Proto-
sexes
5. MICROSPORACEAE. |
Microspora, Thur., 1851.
*M. floccosa (Ag.), Thur. Rech., t. 17, f. 4-7. Laboratory tank
(Massee !).
6. ULVACEAE.
Enteromorpha, Link, 1820.
E. intest meen Linn ), Link Ho Ber. (1820). Common in the
lake, where it s to appear during the month of June, and
During the winter months the dead tubes are washed up in great
pus on the Boro: in a more or less decayed condition. Also
common in the moat. I have observed the same species in great
andnod i ina backwater of the Thames near Sunbury.
202
Var. capillaris, Kiz. Lake, May, 1902; moat, July, 1902.
This seems to be merely a stage in the development of the
adult form.
Prasiola, Ag., 1821.
P. crispa, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., v., t. 40, f.6. “On damp ground,
common” (Massee ) ; Kew me near church, September, 1902
(Darbishire !).
Series 3. Protococcoideae.
1. VOLVOCACEAE.
a. Chlamydomonadeae.
Chlamydomonas, Ehrb., 1832.
. pulvisculus, Hhrb. Infus., 64. Plankton of lake and pond,
April, 1902 dn D plankton of laboratory tank, April-Sep-
tember, 1902 (mihi !).
C. Braunii, Gorosch. in Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Nat. d. Moscou, 1890,
No. 3, 498, &c. pay of pond, April, 1902 (Chodat !) ; plankton
of lake, May, 1902 (mihi!). This species has not previously Pooh
found in this country.
Chlamydococcus, Br., 1849.
C. pluvialis, Br. Rejuv., 206. Laboratory tank, May, 1902.
Chlorogonium, EArb.
C. euchlorum, Hhrb. Plankton of pond, April, 1902 (Chodat !) ;
Victoria Regia tank, May, 1902 (mihi !).
b. Phacoteae.
Coccomonas, Stein, 1878.
C. orbicularis, Stein. Pond, September, 1902.
c. Volvoceae.
Volvox, Linn., 1758.
V. globator, Linn. Syst., Ed. x. Very common in plankton of
d pond, April-August, 1902 | rare in plankton of lake,
Eudorina, EArb., 1832.
E. elegans, Ehrb. Monats. Berl. 1831, 78. In the plankton of
her
rn artificial waters, rather co ommon ; plankton of moat, May,
203
Pandorina, Bory, 1824.
P. morum, Ehrb. Inf., 53, t. ii., f. 33. Common in the plankton
of the artificial waters; not observed in the pond; resting-stage
in water-lily pond, April, 1902; plankton of Thames, August-
September, 1902.
Gonium, Müller, 1773.
G. pectorale, Müll. Vermiwm, 60. Common in the plankton of
the artificial waters; moat, May, 1902. Four-celled coenobia
were very frequently observed.
2. HYDRODICTYACEAE.
Hydrodictyon, Roth., 1800.
*H. reticulatum, d. )Lagerh. “Tank, Kew Gardens ; abundant
in some years" (Bennett in Journ. Roy. Microscop. Soc. 1897,
511); *not uncommon in the lake " (Massee !).
Pediastrum, Meyen, 1829.
P. boryanum, Turp. Rabh. Alg.,iii., 74. Common in the plankton
of the artificial waters, 1902; moat, July, 1902; plankton of
Thames, August, t, 1902.
Var. granulatum, Kiitz. Amongst Oedogonium and Nitella
in a glass vessel in the Herb. Dptmt., March, 1902.
. pertusum, Kütz. Phyc. Germ., 143. Plankton of lake and
water-lily pond, 1902 ; plankton of Thames, decus 1902
Var. elathratum, Braun Alg. Unic 93. Plankton of
pond, lake, and middle tank of late house (15), 1902 ;
plankton of Thames, rere 1902.
P. Ehrenbergii (Corda), Braun Alg. Unicell., 97, y fo:
Moat, July, 1902; middle tank of water-lily house ibd oratory
pond, September, 1902.
3. TETRASPORACEAE.
— Link., 1810.
T. gelatinosa (Vauch.), Desv. Flor. Anger.,18. Lake, attached
to the bottom ; common during May-July, 902.
T. lubrica (Roth.), Ag., Spec. Alg., i., 415, n. 11. megan under
water on the stonework of the labo oratory tank, June-July, 1902.
This species BONS suddenly, was very common debug some
weeks, and then disappeared again entirely.
nanc N rA 1849.
*A. bra a, Näg. Einz. Alg., 09, 4 iiA, Lh. *In tenk,
attached gs a pene of Spirogyra” (Massee H.
204
Dictyosphaerium, Néig., 1849.
"D. ehrenbergianum, Näg. Hinz. Alg., 13,1. ii, E. “Open-air
tank at Kew, mixed with Spirogyra and Cladophora,” 1889.
(Massee! cp. — Linn. Soc., vol. xxvii, 1889, 458.) Not
observed this
Botryococcus, Kiz., 1849.
B. Braunii, Kiitz. Sp., 892. Plankton of Thames, August, 1902.
4. CHLOROCOCCACEA E.
Characium, Braun, 1847.
C. Sie ieboldi, Brawn Alg. Unicell., 32, t. 3, f. A., 1-21. Attached
to a species of Oedogonium, growing on the stonework of the
fountain in the pond, May, 1902 (active zoospore-formation was
going on); attached to a water-plant, laboratory tank, August,
1902.
C. tenue, Herm. in Rabh. Beitr., 26. Attached to Cladophora
in tanks of water-lily house, April-September, 1902.
Chlorococcum, Fries, 1825.
C. humicolum (Nág.), Rabh. Kr. Fl. Sachs., 137. On old wood,
Queen’s Cottage Grounds, January, 1902 ; forming a dark green
oor of the temperate house, 1902; on old wood in bamboo
garden, Pe 1902. Nearly always together with some Species
of Ulothri
C. frustulosum (Carm.), Rabh. Alg., iii., 59. Forming a pulver-
ulent green coating on rocks in the rockery, March, 1902.
C. murorum (Grev.), Rabh. Alg. iii, 61. On brickwork in
tropical fern house (No. 2 anwar, 1902 ; outside walls of
temperate house, February, 1
9. PLEUROCOCCACEAE.
Crucigenia, Morren, 1830.
C. rectangularis, (Br.), Chod. Lake, September, 1902 (forma
major ; cells 11-13 p long, 6-9 p wide).
Actinastrum, Lagerh., 1882.
in Ófvers. af Kgl. Vet.-Akad. Férhandl.,
A. Hantzschii, Lag. i
1882. Isolated in water-lily pond, September, 1902 ; isolated in
plankton of Thames, August, 1902. New for the British Isles.
Lemmermannia, Chod., 1899.
od. Alg. Vert. de la Suisse. Rather rare in
L. emarginata, Ch
M oxide and water-lily pond, September, 1902. New for the
ritish
205
Tetrastrum, Chodat, 1895.
T. staurogeniaeforme (Lemm.) Chod. Alg. Vert. de la Swisse
Middle tank of water-lily house, July, 1902.
Scenedesmus, Meyen, 1829.
B. acutus, Meyen in Nov. Act., xiv. 2, 775, n. 4, t.
f. 32. Laboratory tank, May, 1902 ; lake, June, 1902 ; kh
of Thames, August, 1902.
Var. obliquus, Rabh. Alg., iii, 64. Same localities as the
species ; also moat, July, 1902.
Var. dimorphus, Rabh. Alg., iii., 64. Side tanks of water-lily
house, June, 1902 ; lake and water-lily pond, September, 1902.
rvatus, Bohlin, Algen der Erst. Regnell’schen | Exped.
asin) 23 (sep.), t. I., f. 41-44, et 52. Lake and pond, September,
genia rectangularis, which occurred in the same water together
with Scen. curvatus. lt seems possible that both are only forms
of the same species, as intermediate stages were observed.
S. quadricauda, Bréb. Alg. Falais. 66. Common in all the
artificial waters, in the plankton and otherwise 1902; moat, May,
1902; plankton of Thames, August, 1902 ; a glass vessel in
the Herb. puit) March, 1902; Visitor: tik; July, 1897
Massee !).
Var. abundans, Kirchn. Algenfl. Schles., 98. Middle tank of
pecus house, July, 1902 ; lake, September, 1902.
Bystrix, Lagerh. Pediastr. Protoc. och Palmellaceer, 1882,
E t. ii. aTe 18. Water-lily pond, September, 1902.
Coelastrum, Näg., 1849.
C. microporum (Ndg.), Braun As Unicell., 10. Lake and
water-lily pond, June-September, 1902.
Kirchneriella, Schmidle, 1893.
K. contorta (Schmidle), Bohlin. Isolated emange Cladophora in
pond, September, 1902. New for the British Isl
K. lunaris (Kirchn.), Moeb. Plankton of Thames, August, 1902.
obesa (West), Schmidle. Middle tank of water-lily house,
July, 1902.
Rhaphidium, Kiitz., 1845. ;
R. polymorphuin, Fresen. in Abh. d. Senckenb. Nat. Gesellsch., ii.,
199.
Var. € Rabh. Alg. 2 iii, 45. Isolated amongst other
Algae in side-tanks. of water lily house, ii icine
1902; lake, mesas 130
206
Var. falcatum, Rabh. loc. cit. Amongst other unicellular
Algae on underside of leaves of Ne/umbium, water-lily house,
June-September, 1902 (mihi !), laboratory tank, July, 1897
(Massee 1).
Var. sigmoideum, Rabh. loc. cit. Middle tank of water-lily
house, TU. 1902.
R. pyrenogerum, Chod. Alg. Vert. de la Suisse.
Var. faleiforme, Chod. Isolated in plankton of Thames,
August, 1902. Probably only a form of R. fasciculatum,
possessing pyrenoids.
Palmella, Lyngb., 1819.
P. mucosa, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen., 172. On the stone-work of the
louxthin in the pond, April- “May, 1902 (? erem a resting-stage
of Chlamydomonas, or an allied genus); forming a greenish,
slightly arent stratum on the pebbles in Mk 1 and 8, June-
September, 1902 (?)
Gloeocystis, Näg., 1849.
G. ampla (Kiitz.), Rabh. Alg., , 29. With other Algae on
outside walls of a Sear house, Kp 902.
G. rupestris (Lyngb.), Rabh. Krypt. Flor. Sachsen, 128. On
the rocks in the bamboo garden, March, 1902.
nata (Huds.), Näg. Hinz. Alg., 65, F. Forming
little var an masses d ith hor Ned
Algae on pue ius of Aroid house (No. 1), June-September,
1902. As far as I am aware, this xe e has not pietiiealy been
described for the British Isles.
Polyedrium, Näg., 1849.
P. tetraedricum, Nig. Kinz. Alg., 84, t. iv., B., f. 3. Water-lily
house tanks, June, 1902.
P. hastatum, Reinsch, p Frank. 11, t. 5, f. 3. Middle
tank of water-lily house, July, 1902 ; pond, September, 1902.
regulare (Kiitz.), Chod. v Vert. de la Suisse. Middle
TE of water-lily house, July. 1902.
Forma bifurcatum, nob. Spines bifurcated at the ends.
Same locality as the species. In my opinion, the two last-
icum, Nàg. A large number of intermediate forms, not
corresponding absolutely with the Mgr deese of any of these
species, was met with. Both have, as far as I am aware, not
yet been described for this country.
_ *P. (Tetraédrom) longispinum (Perty), Rabh. Alg. Eur., iii., 62.
x one loc. cit.)
Hrpponphaese, De Bary, 1858.
E. viridis, De Bary Conj., 56, t. viii., f. 26, 27. Laboratory tank
(Massee D); plankton of [ee lily pond, May, 1902, isolated
mihi !).
207
Pleurococcus, Meneg., 1842.
P. vulgaris, Meneg. Nost., 38,1. 5, f. 1. Common on tree-trunks,
walls, &c., thoughout the gardens ; ; on the tree-stumps in the pond,
on the stone-work of Temple of Aeolus, on trunks of palms in
temperate ge
P. angulosus (Corda), Meneg. Nost., t. 4, f. 5. On the trunk of
js a very damp tree, March, 1902; on stone sides of pond, March,
1902.
Porphyridium, Nàg., 1849.
P. cruentum, Nag. Hinz. Alg., 71, t. iv., H. On the outside walls
e, 1902. emp
AC cording to Wolle (Freshwater Algue of the United State eg,
1887, 82), this is the same as Plewrococcus miniatus (Ktz.), Nag
VI. CYANOPHYCEAE.
1. CHROOCOCCACEAE.
Chroococeus, Niig., 1849.
C. cohaerens ( Bréb.) ser Hinz. Alg., 46. On damp walls and
flower-pots, not rare; 1902. Also found in Botanice Gardens,
Regent’s Park (cp. Bennett, loc. cit.).
Gloeocapsa, Kiitz., 1843.
G. livida (Carm.), Kütz. Tab. Pha Yc., i. t. 21, f. 5. Forming a
blackish coating on the sides of a tank in one of the pits, February,
n : on the rocks above the water, temperate house pools,
March, 1902; on woodwork in No. 8, and on walls in No. 13,
ceci e 1902.
G. caldariorum, Rabh. Alg. Eur., ii, 37. On brickwork in pit
No. 13a, January, 1902 ; Nepenthes house, March, 1902.
G. po eieren n Tab. Phyc., i., t. 20. serunt forming
a hina rs Ve the rocks, March, 1902; very common on
the walls, de. otkan (Victoria regia iri dh Nepenthes
house, mee rie house, &c.), 1902.
G. quaternata, Kfz. Tab. Phyc., i., t. 20, f. 1. On the stone
sides of a tank and on woodwork in No. 14, March-September,
1902; on walls of tropical fern house (No. 2) together with G.
mur alis, Kütz., August, 1902.
G. aeruginosa (Carm.), Kiitz. loc. cit., pice la J-2. Forming a
glaucous-green incrustation on the end wall of the serene
house, March, 1902; walls of palm house and rocky walls
Aroid house (No. 1), March, 1902.
G. muralis, Kiz. Tab. Phyc., i, t. 21, f. 1. On woodwork in
No. TR Dejwdiber. 1902. New for is British Isles
208
G. dermochroa, Näg. Hinz. Alg., 51. On wet stones amongst
other blue-green Algae, Victoria regia house, September, 1902.
New for the British Isles
G. violacea, Rabenh. Aly. Eur., ii., 41. Forming a greyish-violet
incrustation on rocks in palm house, September, 1902. New for
the British Isles.
Aphanocapsa, Näg., 1849.
A. virescens (Hass.), Rabh. Alg. Eur., ii., 48. On walls, &c., in
pits, February-September, 1902 sete diteémingisd with other
blue-green forms
A. rivularis (Carm.), Rabh. loc. cit., 49. Amongst other blue-
green Algae on wet stones in the Victori ia regia house, September,
1902.
Microcystis, Kitz., 1833.
M. protogenita (Bias.), Rabh. Alg., ii., 51. oe with
other blue-green Algae on walls of palm and Aroid (No. 1) houses,
March, 1902; plankton of pond, September, 1902; plankton of
Thames, August, 1902.
M. marginata (Meneg.), Kirch. Alg. Schl., 255. Laboratory
vank and lake, amongst filamentous Algae, 1902; amongst other
blue-gree en Algae on n wet stones in Victoria oe house, September,
1902 ; plankton of Thames, August,
Clathrocystis, Henfrey, 1856.
C. aeruginosa, Henf. Micr. Journ., 1856, 53, t. 4, f. 28-36.
Plankion of pond, dead, April, 1902 (Chodat 4), September, 1902
(mihi !) ; plankton of Thames, August, 1902. In this season never
observed in any considerable quantity.
oan apii: Näg., 1849.
tzingianum, Nig. Hinz. Alg., 94, t. le. Plankton of lake,
Apri il, 1902 (Chodat aa common throughout the sammer in
plankton of lake, pond, &
Merismopedia, Meyen, 1839.
` M. violacea, Kütz. Spec., 472. Amongst other Algae in Victoria
regia tank, June, 1902.
M. glauca, Näg. Hinz. Alg., 55, t. 1, D., f. 1. Lake, pond, water-
lily pond, May-September, 1902 ; not uncommon
Tetrapedia, Reinsch, 1867.
T. setigera, Archer in Grevillea, i., 46, t. 2, f. 14-17. Isolated
amongst Cladophora i in lake, September, 1902.
Dactylococcopsis, Hansg.
D. raphidioides, Hansg. Prod. Alg. Böhm., ii., 139. Forma
furcatum, nov. form. One of the pointed ends of the S-shaped
cells often ends in two short points; chief tank of water-lily
house, September, 1902. Species not yet described for England,
209
Synechococcus,. Näg., 1849.
S. aeruginosus, Nag. Hinz. Alg., 56, t. 1, E., f. 1.
Var. cylindricus, nov. var. Cells 4—5 » diameter, 2-6 times
as long, often slightly bent, cylindrical, with rounded ends,
almost pure green in c olour ; forming a dark vro, highly
gelatinous mass on the walls of the tropical fern house,
August, 1902.
Gloeothece, Näg., 1849.
G. carrier ska Lagerh. in — ait cer ie
Vetensk.-Akad. handl., 1883, No. 2, 37-7 k ming a
rather thick di FM fer layer on the top of a yr» an in the
Nepenthes house, March, 1902. New for British Isles.
G. linearis, Wiig. Hinz. Alg., 58, G. f. 2. On walls in the
pits belonging to the Orchid add September, 1902; forms a
dirty green to purplish, highly gelatinous stratum
? Gloeothece fuscolutea, Ng. Hinz. Alg.,58. On the end wall of
Nepenthes house, forming little cyst-like masses, March, 1902.
Aphanothece, Näg., 1849.
A. prasine, Braun in Rabh. Alg., No. 1752. About the size of
a pea the sides of a tank in one of the pits attached to the
Orchid i. Nintembor, 1902,
A pallida (Ktz.), Rabenh. Krypt. Fl. 3 gest 16. On stones
in Victoria regia house, September, 1902 ; n pits iita to
the Orchid houses, September, 1902. I e Have this not to have
-2. NOSTOCHINEAE.
Nostoc, Vauch., 1803.
*N. carneum, Ag. Syst. Alg., 22. On walls of forcing house
(Massee !).
N. spongiaeforme, Ag. Syst. Alg., 22. On stones in tropical fern
house, June, 1902; on stones in Victoria regia house, September,
902.
N. muscorum, Ag. Disp. oa 55. Between moe on the oe of
a pit, November, 1901. Of the same green colour as the moss and
consequently not very Be ident vm it; ; slightly CERIANO.
N. humifusum, Carm. Eng. Fl., ii., 399. Forming small roundish
lumps kr lin. in diameter oa ‘the wall of a pit, November,
1901 ; s of Aroid house (No. 1)., September, 1902; walls of
pit Upload to tropical moat house, September, 1902.
*N. commune, Yauch. Conf., 222, t. 16, f. 1 fide. Wright! Ihave
not Sbaerved this in the Gardens, although it is T
pre
13757 0
210
?N. rupestre, Kitz. Spec. Alg., 296. On fani rocks amongst
mosses in temperate house, March, 1902.
N. macrosporum, Meneg. Mon. Nost., 116, " 14, f. 2. On damp
Aea in the rockery, January, 1902.
Anabaena, Bory, 1823.
A. flos-aquae, € Tab. Phyc., i., t. 94. On lake (Massee !).
“This in some seasons forms a black-green slimy scum on the
surface of the sur pond” (Wright!) I observed only small
quantities on the lake in this season, 1902.
A. variabilis, Küfz. Phyc. Gen. Amongst other blue-green Algae
on the stonework of the tropical fern house, June, 1902.
A. oscillarioides, Bory Dict. Hist. Nat. Forming a compact
bluish-green s iratum around Nitella sp. in a glass vessel in pit
of the Herb. Dptmt., February, 1902.
Cylindospermum (Kiitz.), Ralfs, 1850.
*C. macrospermum, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., i., t. 98, f. 4. “On soil of
plant pots, Herb. Dptmt.” (Massee !).
3. LYNGBYACEAE,
Chamaesiphon, A. Br. et Grun., 1864.
C. confervicola, Br. Rabenh. Alg., No. 1126. On Cladophora in
tank in No. 8; on Rhizoclonium in streamlet in rockery, September,
C. incrustans, Grun. in Rabh. Alg. Eur., ii, p. 149. On Oedo-
gonium in middle tank of iasa 4 house ; on Rhizoclonium in
streamlet in rockery, September, 1902.
Spirulina, Link, 1834.
S. tenuissima, Kiitz. Spec. Alg., 236. Water-lily pond, amongst
other Algae, September, 1902.
Oscillaria, Bosc., 1800.
O. tenerrima, Kiitz. Tab. ee i, £. 38, f. 8. On brickwork in
d ens fern house, January, 1902 ; ; on walls of palm house, and
n tank in conservatory (No. 4), March, 1902 ; moat, May, 1902.
O. leptotricha, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., i., t. 38, f. 9.
Var. splendida, Grev. A very fine form; in the temperate
house pools, growing attached to the roots of a ber Apri
? 0. ies. Carm. Harv. Phyc. Britt., t. 105 B. Forming a
blackish-green stratum on the banks of the lake, March, 1902.
z 211
O. subfusca, Vawch. Con ;, 193, t. 15, f. 5.- On stonework of
fountain i in pond, June,
0. aerugescens, Drumm. es Nat. Hist., 1838, i, 1. Mingled
with Ulothrix — on the rocks in "the temperate house
pools, March, ; on rocks in Nepenthes house, forming an
tes blackish slum, March, 1902; Victoria regia tank, June,
0. te esl Ag. Syst. Alg., 60. On damp ground near laboratory,
January, 1902. Also found in Bot. Gardens, Regent's Park
(ep. Bennett, loc. cit.).
0. limosa, Ag. Syst. Alg., 66. Moat, May, 1902. Also found in
Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park (Bennett, t, loc. cit.) According to
W. and G. § t (Algal Flora 7 Yorkshire, 1901) this is
synonymous with 0. Frühlichii, Küt.
O. irrigua, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen., P On the wall of a pit,
Naiiba , 1901.
O. nigra, Vauch. Conf. 192, t. 15, f. 4. Mingled with O.
ket in laboratory tank, May, 1902 ; in dark steel-blue or
almost black masses, attached to D yriophyllum all over the lake,
Biber bor, 1902; also very abundant in the water-lily pond,
September, 1902. It here forms a rae ua flaky covering all
w
b
ontaining air internally and formed externally of the densely
irte dvin filaments. These collapse at once when taken out of
the water.
*0. chalybea, Mert. in Jurg. Alg. In tank (Massee !).
0. Frohlichii, Kiitz. fae Gen., 189. On earth of flower-pot in
pit No. 134., January, 1902 ; Ae at ue pools, May, 1902 ;
forming a blackish Stratum on the mud in Victoria regia tank,
lack, sli
stratum. I have -— informed that this Alga does considerable
harm to the you g plants, especially to the prothallia ; also on
the ashes and diat in the palin house, September, 1902.
Phormidium, K7itz., 1843.
P. smaragdinum, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., i., 35, t. 49, f. vi. ing a
dirty green rur ra hp on eg sides of a tank, eee
hot water, in No. 5, March, 1902; on walls in pit of trop ica] fern
house, September, 1902. eo den for the British Isles.
Microcoleus, Desm., 1823.
M. chthonoplastes, Thur. in Ann. Sci. Nat., 1875, 377. En-
tangled ainongst other Algae on the banks of ‘the lake, January,
1902 ; brickwork in private grounds, March, 1902 ; on the ground
among moss, Herb. Dptmt., (Massee !).
rrestris, Desm. Pl. Crypt. Exs., i. No. 55. On moist
ground amongst Vaucheria, bamboo garden, March, 1902. i
13757 : 02
212
Inactis, Kzitz., 1843. .
ra Cresswelli, Thur. in Ann. Sci. Nat., 1875, 311. On wet
moss in one of the pits, hone, 1902; growing in upright zellew
bundles, about 2 mm. high.
Lyngbya, Ag. em. Thuret, 1875.
L. inundata (Kiitz.), Cooke Brit. Freshw. Alg., 259. Forming a
greenish coating on the stonew ork of a tank in the private usw
h
house, March, 1902; common on the sides of tanks throughout
the gardens (Victoria regia tank, Aroid house, &c.).
L. vulgaris, Kirchn. Alg. Schl. 242. Forming a thin, papery,
dark olive layer on the sides of a tank in the conservatory, March,
1902; middle tank of water-lily house, September, 1902.
. papyrina, Kirchn, Alg. Schl., 241. On the sides of a tank
below water, pi ts of Orchid house, September, 1902. New for
the British Isles
L. rupestris (Ag), Cooke Brit. Freshw. Alg., 260. Forming a
velvety green layer on the sides of a water tank above the water-
level, pit, February, 1902; sides of Victoria regia tank, March,
1902.
L. solitaris (Rabh.), Kirchn. Alg. Schl., 242. Scattered amongst
other forms on stone work in pits of Orchid house, September,
1902. New for the British Isles.
L. hilseana (Rabh.), Kirchn. Alg. Schl., 241. On the side of a
tank, containing hot water, in one of the pits, October, 1902. New
for the British Isles
L. sudetica (Nave), Kirchn. ^e: cit., 241. Forming a dark green,
thick, membranous stratum on the ‘ledges in No. 14, September,
1902. New for the British lites:
L. insignis (Thwaites). Scattered amongst Cladophora flavescens
in water-lily pond, April, 1902 (mihi !) ; in tank (Massee !).
Symploca, K/z., 1843.
S. thermalis, Ktz. Phyc. Gen., 200. Growing in chinks between
the bricks of one of the pits, October, 1902 ; forms small penicillate,
ee tufts. As far as I am aware, this is new for the
ritis
Pleetonema, Thur., 1875.
*P. Kirchneri, Cooke, Grevillea, Xi, 75. *In ornamental water.
Pleasure grounds, Kew." (ep. Cooke, Brit. Freshw. Alg., 264 !)
; 4. SCYTONEMACEAE.
Scytonema, Ag., 1824.
S. ciner Meneg. i in Kütz. Spec., 303. “ Found on the walls
eum,
warm houses Eit ios Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew ” (Cooke,
d. cit, 266). This species is very common in the hotter and
213
damp houses, and is to be well seen in the Nepenthes house and
in many of the pits. Its appearance is very curious, the colour
being very like that of a Mucor. e filaments are encrusted
with a deposit of lime, giving them a black, opaque appearance
under the microscope.
Symphyosiphon, Kiitz., 1843.
S. Hoffmanni, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., ii., t. 43, f. 3. Forming m
tufted growths on rocks in the Nepen nthes house, March, 1902 ;
walls in pit, April, 1902 ; amongst moss in tropical fern Rodi.
August, 1902
Tolypothrix, Kütz., 1843.
T. aegagropila, Kütz. Tab. Phyc., i, t. 32, f. 3. Forming
numerous brownish circular patches on walls in many of the
warmer pits, October, 1902.
V gmaea, Kiitz. Amongst other blue-green Algae on
wet stones in Victoria regia house, September, 1902.
Var. muscicola, Kiitz. Intermingled with Gloeocapsa cald-
ariorum and forming a blackish-green layer on the walls in the
Nepenthes house, March, 1902; also on rocks in the same house.
Var. Kewensis, var.nov. Filaments only slightly branched ;
no branch beneath most of the heterocysts. Heterocysts single,
ow i
slightly granular, of the same size as the neighbouring cells.
HM cells a little shorter or longer than broad, with blue-
n to green, granular contents; filaments at some
distinctly, at others indistinctly, septate. Sheaths colourless
with thickish walls, 13 » in diameter; cells 10-12 » in diame-
ter; heterocysts have the same diameter. When still occu-
pie ed by the filaments the sheaths are difficult to distinguish.
p
in the degree of branching, For umerous, small, blue-
green tufts on mosses in the eise en house, June, 1902,
(the eolour somewhat resembles that of d cinereum).
T. tenuis, Ktz. Phyc. Gen., 228, n. 4. On walls in palm house,
March, 1902 ; on 2m in stove (No. 9), September, 1902 ; forming
a dark blue-green ratum on the ledges in the pits, attached to the
Orchid houses, oes a 1902.
T. Wimm — at ae pk Schl. 228. Forms a shining
blackish ence on a ledge one of the pits attached to the
Orchid houses, irai Pie 1902 forms a thin, dark olive stratum
on the stone floor of Aroid Rouse (No. 1), September, 1902. New
for the British Isles.
5. CALOTHRICHACEA EE.
cpi Roth., 1824.
R. echinulata, Berk. Engl. Bot. On the stone floor of the palm
house, and on the sides of the tanks in the water-lily house,
September,
214
Leiche (Fisher), Kirchn.
incrustation o n the sides of Hee gras out of the w water
in the middle t tank of the water-lily house, September, 1902. This
i w. Algae of U.S.A.,
Pd basally. The filaments were broadest at the base, but many
them did not decrease much apically at all. These Specimens
will be more fully discussed at another place.
VII. BACILLARIALES.
Rc Kiitz., 1833.
. C. operculata (Ag.), Kitz. Bac., t. i, f. 1. Pond, iake, water-lily
pond, May-September, 1902 ; common in the plankton
Coscinodiscus, Hhrb., 1838.
C. radiatus, Ehrb. Plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902.
Melosira, 4g., 1824.
M. ie n aren ) Ag. Syst., 8. Plankton of Thames at
Kew, August, 1
M. varians, Ay. Consp., 1830, 64. Amongst Vaucheria in moat
all Ben sea round ; plankton of lake, June, 1902 ; middle tank of
cin. house, September, 1902 (cells three to four times as
long ); amongst Cladophora in tank of Herb. Dptmt., June,
190 ; rien ed of Thames at Kew, August, 1
M. angulata t E D Rabenh. Alg., i., 40. Plankton of Thames
at Kew, August, 1
Campylodiscus, Ehrb., 1841.
C. noricus, Ehrb. Abh., 1841, 11; Plankton of Thames at Kew,
Angust, 1902: .
Surirella, Turpin, 1827.
- B. biseriata (Ehrb.), Bréb. Alg. Falaise, t. vii. Plankton of
es at Kew, August, 1902.
xs splendida (Ehrt.), Ktz. t. vii, 7.9. Plankton of pond, May,
‘1902; plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902.
215
S. ovalis, Bréb. Cons. Ktz. Bac. 61, t. 30, f. 64. Amongst
Cladophora on banks of lake, January, 1902 ; plankton of Thames
at Kew, August, 1902.
S. ovata, Kiz. Bac., 62, t. 1, f. 1-4. Amongst Tolypothrix and
prie on walls of nian fern house, June, 1902.
Cymatopleura, Sm., 1853.
- elliptica (Breb.), Sm. Diat., i., 37, t. 10, f. 80. Moat, May,
1902.
C. Solea ( Bréb.), Sm. Diat., i., 36, t. 10, f. 18. Laboratory tank,
lake, temperate house pools, May- August, 1902; plankton of
Thames at Kew, August, 1902.
Epithemia, Bréb., 1838.
E. turgida (Hhrb.), Ktz. Bac., 34, t. 5, f. 14. Lake, September,
1902. ;
E. Westermanni (Ehrb.), Ktz. Bac., t. 5, f. 12 et., t. 30, f. 4.
Amongst Gloeocapsa on walls a oe ca fern hou use, August »
902; amongst blue-green Algae on stones in Victoria regia
house, September, 1902
Cymbella, Ag., 1830.
C. gastroides, Kitz. Bac., 73, t. 6, f. 4b. Plankton of Thames at
Kew, August, t, 1902.
C. affinis, Ktz. Bac., 80, t. 6, f. 15. Laboratory tank, March,
1902.
C. ventricosa, Ag. Consp. crit. Diat., i, 9. Amongst Oscillaria,
&c., on walls of pit belonging to tropical fern house, September,
1907? ; amongst Cladophora in pit, Herb. Dptmt., September, 1902.
Cocconema, Hirb., 1829.
C. cymbiforme (Ktz.), Ehrh. Abh., 1835. On Cladophora, tem-
perate house pools, March, 1902.
C. tumidum, Bréb. in Kitz. Spec. 1849, 60. Middle tank of
water-lily house, July, 1902 ; temperate house pools, September,
1902.
Encyonema, Kiz., 1834.
E. prostratum (Berk.), Ralfs in Ann. and Mag., 182, t. 18, f. 3.
Amongst Ulothriz i in pond, March, 1902.
Amphora, Ehrb., 1831.
A. coffeaeformis (Ag.), Kíz. Bac., 108, t. 5, f. 37. Amongst
Gloeocapsa on walls of tropical fern house and of Victoria raa
house, August, 1902.
A. ovalis, Ktz. Bac., 107, t. 5 ^ 35 et 39. Plankton of Thames
at Kew, v, August, 1902.
216
Cocconeis, Hhrb., 1835.
C. Pediculus, Hhrb. Inf., 194. t. 21, f. 11. On Cladophora in
tank of pit, April, 1902 ; on Rhizoclonium i in streamlet in rockery,
September, 1902.
C. Placentula, Harb. Inf., 194, n. 265. Laboratory tank, March,
1902.
Achnanthes, Bory, 1822.
A. minutissima, Kiz. Alg. Exs. aquae dule., n. 75. On Clado-
phora in pond and temperate house pools, Ropieuibes 1902.
A. trinodis (Arnott), Grun. Amongst Cladophora on banks of
lake, a 1902. As far as I am aware, this is new for the
British Isles
Rhoicosphenia, Grunow, 1860.
R. curvata (Kz.), Rabenh. Alg., i., 112.
Var. aquatica, Ktz. Growing on Cladophora giomerata Fes
in water-lily pond, December, 1901; on Cladop n tank
in No. " and in pond, September, 1902 ; cce tank,
March, 1902.
Var. salina, Kéz. On Cladophora in lake, September, 1902.
Fragilaria (Lyngb.), Ag., 1824.
F. capucina, Desm. ed. i, n. 453. In tank in pit of Herb.
Dptmt. amongst Cladophora, 1902.
F. mutabilis (Sm.), Grun. in Wien. Verh., 1862, p. 369. Plank-
ton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902.
F. virescens, Ralfs Ann. and Mag., xii. $4. T. a Tea May-
September, 1902 ; plankton of Thames, August, 1
F. Harrisonii, Sm. Diat., ii., 18. Amongst ER on banks
of lake, January, 1902.
Diatoma, De Candolle, 1805.
D. Ehrenbergii, Ktz. Bac., t. 17, f. xvii. 1-3. Amongst Clado-
phora in temperate house pools, Marais 1902.
Rhaphoneis, Hhrb., 1844.
R. Rhombus, Zr). Abh., 1844, p. 87. Amongst Cladophora on
banks of lake, January, 1902; plankton of Thames at Kew,
August, 1902,
Synedra, EArb., 1831.
S. longissima, Sm. Diat., i., 72, t. 12, f. 95. Plankton of pond
April, 1902, i P Ered
S. pulchella, Ktz. Bac., 68, t. 29 » J. 91. On Rhizoclonium in the
streamlet in the rockery, Sept ember, 1902. -
217
S. Ulna, Zarb. Inf., 211, n. 295, t. 17, f. 1l. Lake, June-Septem-
ber, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902.
S. splendens, K?z. Bac., 66, t. 14, f. 16. On Spirogyra, &c., in
pots tank, on Cladophora i in lake and temperate house pools,
August, 1902.
B. Acus, Kitz. Bac., 68, t. 15, f. 1. Amongst Mesocarpus in lake,
May, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902
Var. delicatissima, Sm. Plankton of Thames at Kew,
August, 1902.
Asterionella, Hassall, 1855.
A gracillima, Heib. Consp., 68, t. 6, f. 19. Plankton of Thames
at Kew (isolated), “ipa 1902. Abundant in plankton of Thames
in December, 1
Nitzschia, Hassall, 1845.
N. Amphioxys ( Zhrb.), Sm. Diat., i., 41, t. 13, f. 105. Amongst
Cladophora on imum of lake, January, 1902.
N. sigmoidea (Nitzsch), Sm. Diat., i. 38, t. 13, f. 104. Lake and
water-lily pond, September, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew,
August, 1902.
N. linearis (Ag.), Sm. Diat., i., 39, t. 13, f. 110. Lake and water-
lily pond, September, 1902.
Nitzschiella, Rabenh., 1864.
N. acicularis (Kiz.), Rabenh. Alg., i. 164. Lake and water-lily
pond, September, 1902.
Navieula, Bory, 1822.
N. cuspidata, Ktz. Bac., 94, t. 3, f. 24, et 91. Amongst Oscillaria
nigra in water-lily pond, September, 1902.
N. elliptica, Ktz. Bac., 98, t. 30, f. 55.
Forma minor, Rabenh. Middle tank of water-lily house,
September, 1902.
N. Bacillum, Eb. Mon 130, £&. 4, v., f. 8. Amongst Syne-
chococcus and. Gloeocapsa, on walls of. tropical fern house,
August, 1902.
N. oe Kiz. Bac., 96, t. 21, f. 14.
rectangularis, Rabenh. Amongst Oscillaria nigra in
veri and water-lily pond, September, 1902.
N. minutissima, Grun. in Wien. Verh., 1860, 552, t. 2, f. 3.
— a mass of Huglenae on moist gravel of laboratory tank,
ust, 1902 ; on the glass windows of many of the hotter houses
(a. 7s , water-lily house),—almost colourless, present all the year
nd; middle tank of water-lily house, September, 1902,
218
.N. amphisbaena, Bory Encycl. méth., 1824. Plankton of Thames
at Kew, August, 1902.
N. appendiculata, Ktz. Bac., 93, t. 3, f. 28, et. t. 4, f. land 2. Ve ery
abundant in all the artificial —— all the year round ; present in
enormous numbers amongst Oscillaria nigra in lake, September,
1902.
Fit exilis (Ktz.), Grun. loc. cit., 558, t. 2, f. 30, d-di: Amongst a
of Euglenae on moist gravel of laboratory tank, September,
N. angustata, Sm. Diat.,i., 52,0. 17, f. 156. Amongst MMC
on earth of flower-pot in temperate fern house, August, 1902.
N. dicephala, EArb. Inf., 1838, p. 185. Lake and water-lily
pond, September, 1902.
Forma minor (length 17 »). Middle tank of water-lily
house and lake, September, 1902.
Pinnularia, Ehrb., 1843.
P. nobilis, Hhrb. Abh., 1840, 20. Middle tank of water-lily
oue September, 1902.
P. viridis (Ehrb.), Rabenh. Süssw. Diat., 42, t. 6, f. 4. Plank
of Thames at Kew, August, 1902 ; side tanks of water-lily Sole
April, 1902.
P. radiosa (Kiz.), Rabenh. loc. cit., 43, t. 6, f. 9. Amongst
Cladophora on banks of lake, January, 1902.
P. viridula (Ktz.), cane, loc. ie Amongst a mass of Huglenae
on moist gravel of laboratory tank and amongst Vaucheria on
earth of flower pot in tentéomle fern house, September, 1902.
Pleurosigma, Smith, 1853.
P. attenuatum (Ktz. ), Sm. loc. cit., i, 68, PI. 22, f. 216. Moat,
May, 1902 ; lake, September, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew,
August, 1902.
P. acuminatum (Kfz. " Grun. in Wien. Verh., 1860. Temperate
house p cake June, 1902; pond, September, 1902.
Schizonema, Agardh, 1824.
8. neglectum (Thw.), Rabenh. Alg. Eur., i., 265. Amongst
Cladophora in temperate house pida. March, 1902. ;
Gomphonema, Ag., 1824,
G, tenellum, Kitz. Bac., 8, f. viii, 6 et t. 14, f. vii. 5 et €.
h, Cladophora i in pond and S ist d tank, September, 1902.
„G. subramosum, Ag. in Regensb. * Flora,” 1830, f.5 e£ 9. On
Cladophora i in waterdily pond, April, 1902. :
219
G. ern Ehrb. Abh., 1830. On Cladophor e, temperate
house pools, March, 1902; on Vaucheria, lake, April, 1902
ladophora, laborator ry tank, September, 1902 ; on phare in
tank, Herb. Dptmt., September, 1902.
G. acuminatum, EArb. Inf., 217, n. 308,1. 18, f. 4. On desit
lake, Jeune 1902.
G. intricatum, K/z. Bac., 87, t. 9, f. 4. Side tanks of water-lily
house, April, 1902.
Tabellaria, HArd., 1839.
z fenestrata, (Lyngb.), Ktz. Bac., t. 17, f. 22; t, 18, f. 2 et. t. 30,
Jd ongst Mesocarpus in lake ; also in temperate house
pools, May, 1902 ; tank in No. 8, September, 1902; plankton of
lake, June, 1902.
APPENDIX.
FLAGELLATAE.
1. CHRYSOMONADINEAE.
Chrysococcus, Klebs.
C. rufescens, Klebs. Plankton of lake, April, 1902 (Chodat !)
Dinobryon, Erb.
D. Sertularia, ZArb. Plankton of lake and water-lily pond,
June, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902
Synura, Erb.
S. Uvella, Hhrb. Plankton of lake, April, 1902 (Chodat !).
S. Volvox (Ehrb.) Kirchn. Plankton of water-lily pond, May,
1902; also of lake, April, 1902; plankton of Thames, August,
1902.
2. CRYPTOMONADINEAE.
TIPO Ehrbg.
C. erosa, Ehrbg. Plankton of pond and lake, April, 1902
(Chodat !).
3. EUGLENINAE.
Euglena, Ehrbg.
E. viridis, EArb. Plankton of lake, April, 1902 (Chodat!);
plankton of moat and laboratory tank, May, 1902; side tanks o
220
water-lily house, April, 1902 ; forming the greater part of a green
scum on the lake, July, 1902 ; amongst Sphagnum in Orchid
house, September, 1902 ; plankton of Themed at Kew, August,
1902.
pc Nitzsch.
P. pleuronectes, Nitzsch. Plankton of lake, April, 1902
(Chodat !); plan kton of moat and pond, July, 1902; amongst
other Algae i in side tanks of koc lend house, April, 1902 ; plankton
of Thames at Kew, August, 190
P. longicauda, Erb. Victoria regia tank, June, 1902; pond,
September, 1902.
221
APPENDIX.
INSECTIVORA.
Sorex vulgaris, L. “Common Shrew.” Found by Mr. George
Nicholson, F.L.S., in Q. in 1904.
INSECTA.
COLEOPTERA.
Additional list by D. Sharp, M.B., F.R S.
ADEPHAGA.
Notiophilus substriatus, Wat.
Nebria brevicollis, F.
Harpalus rufibarbis, F.
Platyderus ruficollis, Marsh.
Pterostichus cupreus, ZL
P. niger, Schall.
P. striola, F.
Amara trivialis, Gyll.
A. plebeia, Gyl.
Calathus piceus, Marsh.
Bembidium fermoratum, Sturm.
B. littorale, Ol.
STAPHYLINIDÆ.
Quedius lateralis, Grav.
Q. molochinus, Grav.
Ocyphus olens, Müll,
222
CLAVICORNIA.
Choleva velox, Spence.
Meligethes æneus, F,
Dermestes vulpinus, F.
` Byrrhus pilula, L. var.
LAMELLICORNIA,
Aphodius fimetarius, Z.
A. granarius, L.
Cetonia aurata, L.
Gnorimus nobilis, Z. The most interesting species in the whole
list. It is rare, but w. was formerly occasionally met with near
London. It was, however, supposed no longer to occur till a
specimen was captured on the coat of a visitor to the North Gallery
a few years ago.
SERRICORNIA.
Melanotus rufipes, Herbst,
Athous hemorrhoidalis, 7
Agriotes lineatus, Z.
Telephorus rusticus, Fal.
T. lituratus, Fall.
LONGICORNIA.
Gracilia minuta, F.
RHYNCHOPHORA.
Otiorrhynchus raueus, F.
O. picipes, F.
0. sulcatus, F.
Exomias araneiformis, Schrank.
Phyllobius argentatus, L,
223
Sitones hispidulus, F.
Hypera nigrirostris, F'.
Curculio abietis, F
Ceuthorrhynchus contractus, Marsh.
FUNGI.
The following species not previously met with in Britain are
m in the Kew Bulletin for 1897 from specimens found at
Aseroe rubra, La Bill. Infra, pp. 108, 139.
Botrytis corolligena, C. & M. Infra, pp. 175.
Chitonia rubriceps, C. 4 M. Infra, pp. 103, 124.
Clavaria kewensis, Mass. Infra, p. 137.
Flammula purpurata, C. & M. Infra, pp. 103, 122.