JOHN TORREY.

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TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB,

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Page

1. Frefatory.—The object of this Bulletin is primarily té form ame-—
dium of communication for all those interested in the Flora of this vi-
cinity, and thus to bring together and fan into a flame the sparks of Bo-
tanical enthusiasm, at present too much isolated, An attentive study
of plants in their native haunts is essential to the advance of the sei- «
ence, and in this respect the local observer has an advantage over
the explorer of extensive regions, or the possessor of a general her-
barium. He can. note the plant from its cradle to its grave; can
watch its struggles for existence, its habits, its migrations, its vari-—

.

ations; can study its atmospheric and entomological economies ;
in speculate on its relations to the past, or experiment onits utility
toman. It would bein vainto attempt to enumerate all the points
about which a lover of vegetable nature can learn and report some-
thing new, Botany, like every other science, far from being ex-
hausted, is ever widening its field. We hope, therefore, to have no
lack of interesting communications, not only from deep investiga-
tors, but from all who meet with interesting facts,—for we wish it
'o be distinctly understood, that we have chiefly in view the devel- _
pment of a greater Botanical interest in our neighborhood, and :
tag hopes of success as much upon learners as upon the
learne os a
While the Bulletin will be chiefly devoted to the local Flora of
“New-York, it will not exclude matters of general Botanical interest,
of which we hope correspondents will keep it informed. Bee
_, Such papers of value as are too long for the regular sheet, will
issued in a supplement of from two to four pages at a time, sees
The terms upon which the Bulletin ean be issued will depend upon
_ “Je number of its supporters. We suppose at present that we can fur-
— Uish each of thirty subscribers at five dollars a year with ten copies, —
_ Out must wait for a little experience. If we find it favorably received,
We are not without hope of insuring it a permanency, which of :
© ©ourse it.ought to have. But of this we purpose to speak here-
iter, | ; os ;

2

9, New Catalogue.—A revised catalogue of the plants, native and na-
turalized, within thirty-three miles of New-York, bas been tor some
time in contemplation; but without the co-operation of those who
herborize in all the different regions of our district, it must be neces-
sarily incomplete. We wish those who know of observers, not yet
in communication with the Club, would furnish us with their P. O. ad-
dress. In orderto make the Catalogue more serviceable and authen-
tic,it is desirable to have specimens of plants from all our districts
preserved in a herbarium by themselves for reference, This herba-
rium will at present be formed and kept at Dr. T. F, Allen’s, No. 8
East 33d-street. Dr. Allen and Mr. P. V. Le Roy will act as cu-
rators, and take charge of exchanges or contributions in this connec-
tion. Itis estimated that about half the number of plants i: Gray’s
Manual are to be found within our precincts. Some, which are sup-
posed to have disappeared, or bave not been recently found, it 1s
hoped may be re-discovered. Lepedium Draba, Clitoria Mariana,
Corema Conradii, and Azolla Caroliniana, are among the number.
The revised Catalogue should We accompanied with a map showing

the formation of the districts and the plant distribution.

$. The Cnothera of Montauk Point, Long Island.—In July of this past
summer I twice traveled the entire length of this remarkable point
of land, exploring its Botany very carefully.
Vegetation is very stunted except in a few sheltered spots. For
about ten miles an Gfnothera is quite abundant, whose habit differs
remarkably from any Gtnothera we have in this section. It has very
numerous and large flowers, with widely-spreading petals, making
the plant very conspicuous.

It jies flat on the ground, its branches, which are covered with 4
een of showy flowers, spreading in every direction. The plant
has a perennial root, and very short, woody trunk; it seldom attains
_ an elevation of two or three inches; the whole plant is roughened’

‘ith closely-appressed rigid hairs, which give the pods an almost
hoary 2 ange The leaves are long and narrow, long-tapering
at the base, and appear petiolate, though really sessile, and are

slightly and x seca toothed. The pods have a long, tapering

base, and an abrupt, club-shaped extremity, which is broadly four-
_ winged at the sides, the wings either continuing to the very apex,
or becoming smaller and almost obsolete at the apex. This mark
_ I find depends upon the age of the pods; when young, the wings —
_ seem very broad to the apex; when older, and filled out internally,

the wings seem narrower at the apex. ae °
At East Hampton this form occurs in low, grassy places near the |
: beach, sometimes strictly prostrate and hiddden in the grass ; some-

_ times quite erect ; and in the low pines and oaks, half a mile from

; ee ponees rsa “ ae Gh. fruticosa, and cannot be ;

After comparison with za rt , a spreading: habit.
"seer aca ar pee 8 ho: original specimen of . linearis, Var. B..
ecm y's Herbarium, the plant I gathered is found to be the
sume. (Indeed, there is no other Génot, on Montauk Point that *
ET could find.) Tt differs from the Southern @G Unease oor.
from our own CE. fruticosa, : :

3

: I am inclined to believe, from its habit aad apparent ¢radation
Into Zi. fruticosa, that the plant should be referred to that species,
and labelled Gnothera Jruticosa, L. var. humifusa. TRA

1. Solanum Fendleri, Gray.—At a late meeting of the Club, Mr.
Bower exhibited some small tubers of this Solanum, raised in his
garden. They were about the size of large peas. Mr. Bower sends
us the following account of them:

.

“Dr. Torrey very kindly sent me six small tubers, I suppose from
native plants, growing wild in New-Mexico.
“Dr, Torrey, in his note, says: ‘It has been thought that as 4,

tuberosum bears only small tubers in its natural state, those by cul-
tivation may give alike favorable result.’ . ee
_ “TI planted them in different situations, and from one tuber I _
gathered twelve, but no larger in size. The plant has a habit of
sending underground shoots some distance, then sending up stems
above ground, which, I think, is not the case with ’S. tuberosum,
“In one instance the upright shoot came out of the top of a small
mound composed of rotten wood, stones and soil, where have Poly-
podiun incanum growing, four feet from where the tuber was +
planted. ii
“ As I know something of its habits, I shall pay more attention

to it next year,

“Wittiam Bown, 53 Fulton-street.”

0+ Epigea Repens, 1..—This plant is found sparingly on Staten Island,

: he nearest point to the city, I believe, is Huguenot Station on the
Staten Island Rail-Road. “Is there any other station nearer or |
more accessible where it grows in sufficient ahundance to justify =
4% May-flower arty? Inrelation to Epigewa, Mr. Thomas Hogg re- —
ports that he has seen it gathered in Japan, where also Brunella
vulyaris is common, The latter is likewise a native of Rares

. 6 Aristolochia Serpentaria, L.—Mr. Wm. Bower has in his garden,

in Newark,.a plant of this species, which, besides the regular flower,

Sends up a number of small buds with flowers that do not open,
Somewhat in the manner of Specularia perfoliata, probably for selt-
- fertilization. The same kind of flowers may be observed inthe case
of many well-grown wild plants of this species. These flowers, = —
however, form perfect seed pods. The subject requires further in-
_ Vestigation. It would be interesting to examine whether Asarwn
~ Canadense has also two sorts of flowers. Mr. Bower was the first =
to call my attention to this peculiarity, and I cannot learn thatit _—
has ever been noticed before. Judging from the plants I have se
_ lt would appear that seeds in greater abundance, and pé pg
Perfect, are produced by these hermaphrodite flowers. : Tes
will have an opportunity next summer to test this | pore arte opine gas 0e8
Mar ease of Amphicarpea monoica, Nutt, T have found
“Mite a number of pods with apparently well-formed Se

4

other hand, Apios tuberosa, Moench, scems to compensate by, its-
tubers for the very irequent abortion of its pods. ‘These plants, with
others, Specewuriu, for example, afford an interesting subject for
investigation on this point. W. AG

7. Lemna Valdiviana, Philippi, (L. Torreyi, Austin) grows in ponds
near Patchogue, Long Island. Its habit is very similar to 4. tri
sulca, growing under water in masses. I have found only sterile
plants. T. Frage

8. Nasturtium palustre, L.—The typical form (smooth, with oblong
ods) seems to be quite common about New-York, especially along
the Harlem Rail-Road; it is more abundant than the hispid variety.
: 8 To. AS

9. Arabis lavigata, DC., grows in abundance on the low, rocky
ground just southeast of Yonkers.

Soh A RRO ol ate $e ea hy eae eae eS ts eae ee ee

10. Nesperis matronalis seems thoroughly established, especially
in the ditches aloug the rail-roads, es AL

IL Bromus s'erilis, T., is very abundant along the Hudson River It.
R., from Manhattanville to Yonkers. It comes very early and lasts —
but a short time; only dead specimens can usually be obtained after
June. : a. 0s oe

12. The Varian “Sycamore.” more properly Plane-tree, which stood
on the west, side of Broadway, between 26th and 27th streets, was
cut down the first weekin November. Its diameter was more than
four feet near the ground, Just at the street level there was.a hol-
low place on one side, but on the whole it seemed remarkably sound.
Some one might give us a history of the stately old giant. Two
young observers Who counted the rings made out 95, but the rough-
ness of the sections made accuracy difficult. soe

13. Polymnia Uvedalin, L.—Dr, T. F. Allen found a’small patch of
this plant near the Weehawken Ferry in 1864. It was still to be
found there this summer, but in danger of destruction, with the —
cliffs that sheltered it. Dr, Gray, by some accident, refers this lo-
tig to P. Canadensis, There is no doubt about its being P. Uve-
ia. :

: Li. Rooks.—Dr. Torrey has received “Traité Général de Bo- —
tanique,” by MM. Le Maout and Decaisne, with upwards of 5,500
illustrations by Steinheil and Riocreux.—T. F. A. has Hegelmaier’s

“Lemnaceen,” with 16 plates. He makes three genera, Wolfia,

(including Griffith’s Grantia,) Zemna, and Spirodela, 1. Torreyi,
Austin, was less perfectly described by Philippi, 1864, and named
Valdiviona, from Valdivia, in Chili, where it was first found.—W.
H. L. has C, K. Sprengel’s “Entdeckte Geheimniss,” 1793; often
quoted by Darwin. vee

Subscriptions and communications received by W. IL. Leccert,
224 E. 10th-street. ~ ; he

: ‘Pieces, but, on account of this very thickness, a good piece may be

Vol. 1. No. 2.] BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BoTANICAL CLUB. [New York, Feb., 1870.

15. Lepidium Virginienm, L.—That this species should have its coty-
ledons accumbent, while others of the genus have them incumbent,
seems somewhat anomalous. On picking the embryo carefully out
of the seed coats, however, I find a conformation that in a measure
removes the difficu'ty. In the species,which I have examined, viz.,
the present, L. ruderale, L. campestre, and, perhaps, L. intermedium,
the cotyledons are continued, in the form of pefioles, about half
way down the radicle; the cotyledons, in fact, being transversely
folded upon themselves, as stated and illustrated in Gray’s Genera
in the case of Subularia and Senebiera, the genera immediately

“preceeding Lepidium. In the other species of Lepid:wm the plane
of division between these petioles, or “radicular” portions of the
cotyledons, is parallel to the cotyledons proper, and consequently
to the seed partition.° In L. Virginicum this split is likewise paral-
lel to the partition, and thus the “radicular” portions of the coty- _
ledons, is incumbent, and so far the species is in accordance with |
its congeners. Where the cotyledons expand into a blade, they are
turned sharply at right angles to the partition and become aceum-

bent. If the embryo be held with the edge of the cotyledons — -
towards the eye, it is the left blade which comes from the back of —

the radicle, and thus has thelongerturntomake. Cakile Americana, —
Natt., resembles Lepidium Virginicum in these particulars, except
that the “radicular” portion of the cotyledons is relatively much
shorter, and in one instance I found the blades of the cotyledons
almost spirally bent over the radicle, so as to pass, as it were,
through an incumbent stage. -

I have also observed this narrowing of the cotyledons into a
petiolar portion, greater or less, in Nasturtium, Cardamine, Arabis,
Barbarea, Erysimum, and Raphanus, so far as represented in our
Yoeal Flora; but in all these genera, the “radicular” split has con-
formed nearly or quite to the cotyledons, as they are incumbent or
accumbent: in Cardamine it is long and somewhat inclined to one
side. I borrow the application of the term radicular from Gray's
Genera, to which admirable work Iam indebted for much instruction
on the subject of Crucifers. The term, however, when applied to
the cotyledons, is open to objections.

Perhaps my experience in picking out the embryos may be of
use to beginners, I boil the seeds for a moment in a porcelain saucer
over a spirit lamp to soften the coats, and then, with needles in-
nee in a holder, and a fixed lens, have peal difficulty _
getting at the embryos by picking the coais to make an opening,
and then carefully poo ile nace out. In the case of Le-
pidium, however, there is a difficulty. Immersion, particularly a

t water, causes the mucilage with which the seed coat is charged, —

to swell and envelop it in a beautiful crystal sphere, much larger |

than the seed itself. This slippery substance interferes sadly with
he handling of the seed. It as be rubbed off, but I find it better

to exclude the water by boiling the pods entire. The seed of L. a
Campestre has a very thick coat, and can not readily be picked to—

Cat from the end, without injuring the embryo, which may then be —
‘Squeezed out. Considering how many seeds a well grown cepidlium

6

produces this mucilage might possibly be turned to account; certain- '
ly, it is a very pretty object to examine. W.-H aca

1. Aster Novae-Angliae, L.—In the last edition of Gray’s Manual,
mention is made of a white rayed “variety (?)” of this plant in
one of the Western States. - :

On the outlet of Owasco Lake, near the Auburn city water works,
_ [have observed, every autumn since 1862, a large number of plants

with white rays, scattered over the fields through several acres.
The same plants have white rayed heads from year to year: rays as
unmistakably white as those of Leucanthemum or Marula. Other-
wise the plant has its ordinary appearance. I. H.. Hanns,

17. Lobelia syphilitiea, L.—The variety with rose piak flowers, and
' also that with white flowers, grow between the Hudson R. R. R.
track and the water near Kingsland’s point, below Sing Sing. a
l Bede
18. Solea concolor, Ging.—In July, 1864, east of Tarrytown, about
23 miles from the Hudson, I found one plant of this species, with
pods just emptied of their seeds. I did not then know the plant,
though since familiar with it. The only other station, of which I
have personal knowledge, is at Mormon Hill, in Palmyra, in the
western part of the State. LH. EB

19. Dentaria maxima, Nutt.—Grows in abundance in the woods near
Bowery Bay, just beyond the bridge, over which the Astoria and
‘Flushing turnpike passes. Among the thousands of specimens
growing there, I failed to detect any which seemed to indicate a
close approximation to D. laciniata; nor did I notice any difference
between the two plants, not yet pointed out. I would suggest that
they be cultivated with a view to testing the claims of D. marina
‘to specific distinction. ; M. RuGer.

20, Geranium pusillum, L.—On the upper side of the North Road,

_ Teading from Laurel Hill, L. L, and just beyond Betts Av., the side-
walk is elevated, and forms an embankment about three feet high.
At the bottom of this embankment G. pusilum grows plentifully. _
It grows also by the barn on the road-side opposite the northern
extremity of Cooper's glue factory, Williamsburg. M. R.

~ U. Cornus Canadensis, L.—A small patch of this pretty little plant —
grows in the piece of woods situated on the north side of Jackson _
Av., just two miles from Hunter's Point, by the milestone. It _
grows 2 little distance within the Astoria side of the woods, on the —

banks of a brooklet. This is, I believe, the only known station en
Long Island. Man

2. Books and Journals.—In Silliman’s “American Journal ” for Ja-
nuary, Dr. Gray evidences his return by a series of interesting no-
tices of recent botanical publications, among them, that of “Pursh’s
Journal,” collected into. a little volume of 87 pp- from Meehan’s
“ Gardener's Monthly.” . ... The English Journals, “The Academy,”
monthly, (25 cts.,) and “Nature,” weekly, (12 cts.,) may now be

7

obtained at Brentano’s, 100 Broadway, and, we presume, other pe-
riodical depots, and almost always contain interesting botanical
intelligence. The notices of ‘the new “Flora of Middlesex,”
[London,] are appetizing.

23, Epigaea repens, L.—WNot scarce at Huguenot station, and pro-
bably still nearer the city. G.I. C. On the banks of the Bronx,
near Fordham. FJ. B.

24. The mild winter—Dandelions in bloom in Westchester Co. near
Peekskill, the first week in J anuary. L.R. Hepaticas in bloom, and
peas two inches high on Long Island, “ Evening Post,” Jan. 26.
We hope correspondents will give us such particulars in regard to
the unusual winter, as fall under their notice. PR

95, Frangula Ceroliniana, Gray.—Formerly reporied from Secaucus —
Swamp, N. J., has since been found by Messrs. Bower and Ruger,
between Astoria and Flushing, L. I.

26; Torreya Pogotensis—In the catalogue of J. Linden, Bruxelles, —
recently received, I find mention of a Torreya which I have not be-
fore seen noticeC—Z. Lc gotensis. There is nothing to indicate
where or by whom it was described and only the remark “A very
fine Conifer from the cold regions of the province of Bogota, in
‘Colombia, of a pyramidal form.” The other species are. T. tarifolia,
Arn., Florida; 1 Californica, Torr., California; T. nucifera, Zuce.,
Japan; 7. grandis, Fortune, Japan. The last nomed, together with
T. Bogotensis, must be considered doubtful, until determined by
competent authority. GeorGe THURBER.

27, Terms of Snbseription—On the receipt of one dollar, we will

send one copy of the Bulletin for a year; seven copies for five =

dollars, and one extra copy for every additional fifty cents. Those
interested had better subscribe for seven or more copies, and dis-
tribute them where they may be useful. We desire to reach and to
hear from all the surrounding districts. When the receipts justify
.2 reduction of the price, it will promptly be made. Communications

‘Should be addressed to Wa. H. Leaeert, 224 E. 10th St.

28. Materials for the Revised Catalogue. (See § 2, p. 2.)—We propose

to occupy a portion of cach Bulletin, in giving in a conde form,

such information, as we possess relating to our local flora, following

the order in Gray’s Manual. We hope all interested will aid us,

both in correcting errors, and in supplying deficiencies in species,

‘rma or localities.. Torr. Cat. stands for Torrey’s Catalogue,
9.

CLEMATIS, L.—t, vertieillaris, D. C.; Haverstraw, C.F. Austin: c-
ness Mt., N. J., W. L. Fischer —C, ochrolenea, Ait.; South Brook- —
lyn station destroyed; abundant about-Toad Hill, Staten Island,
Tf. F. Allen, 1864:—(. Virginiana, L.; very common. — Bees
- PIRIONE, L.—A. cylindrieg; Grays: sxltp be teed ws New Pasha

s°

but ?—A. Virginiana, L.; common.—A, Pennsylvaniea, L.; Torr. Cat.
station destroyed; Westchester Co., 7. F. Allen; N. J.. P. V. Le
Roy.—A. nemorosa, L.; very common.
HEPATICA, Dill.—H. triloba, Chaix.; very common, occasionally 5-lobed.
THALICTRUM, Tourn.—T, anemonoides, Michx.; very common, rarely
double.—T, dioicum, L.; common.—T. purpurascens, L., and Var.
ceriferum, Austin; not uncommon.—T. Cornuti, L.; very common.
RANUNCULUS, L.—R. aquatilis, L., var. trichophyllus, Chaix.; Locust Av.,
L.1., M. Ruger; near Jamaica, 7. F. Allen.—R, multitidus, Pursh;
near Greenwood cemetery, the old station, but fated.—R.alismae
folius, Geyer; abundant in N. J.—R. pusillus, Poir.; Torr. Cat.
station at Bloomingdale not recently reported; New Dorp, 7.
Ff, Allen; Boonton, N. J., C.F. Austin.—R. Cymbalaria, Pursh;
not reported this side of Snffolk Co., L. I.—R. abortivus, L.;
very common; Var. micranthus; abundant along the Palisades —
with typical form.—R. seeleratus, L.—R. reeurvatus, Poir.; both
very common.—R, Pennsylvanieus, L.; N. J., not common.—Rk,
fascicularis, Muhl; common.—R. repens, L.—R, bulbosus, L.—R.
acris, L.; all very common. .
CALTHA, L.—t. palustris, L.; common. ag
TROLLIUS, L.—T. laxus, Salisb.; Closter, N.J., C. F. Austin ; in a creek ©
' near Central Av., 3 miles from Mt. Coombs, Westchester Co.,
W. L. Fischer. Near junction of Erie and N. R. R. of N.J.,
Jas. Hyatt. ee
COPTIS, Salisb.—, trifolia, Salisb.; New Durham; Preakness, Fischer.
HELLEBORUS, L.—tl. viridis, L.; Glen Cove, 7. Coles; near Brooklyn
and Jamaica, Halsey & Brownne in State Flora, not recently —
reported.
AQUILEGIA, Tourn.—A, Canadense, L.; common.
DELPHINIUM, Tourn.—D, Consolida,
“HYDRASTIS, L.—H. Canadensis, L.

found.
ACTHA, L.—A, spicata, L., var. rubra, Michx.; Preakness Mt., W. L.

Fischer; Inwood, W. W. Denslow, P. V. Le Roy; Glen Cove, 1.

"NOR Bigel. Not uncommon; with red pedicels, Glen

CIMICIFUGA, L.—f, racemosa, Ell.; not uncommon.

A plant of Zanthorhiza apiifolia, L’Her. in the Friends
burying ground at Flatbush was doubtlessly placed there.

L.; occasional along road sides.
; Shady woods, Torr. Cat., not recently

MAGNOLIACE. Bh
MAGNOLIA, T.—M. glauea, L.; not eg
Staten Island, and Trai Te Past abate in the swamps of N.

LIRIODENDRON, L.—1, Tulipifera, L.; common.

~

MENISPERMACE®,
MENISPERMUM, L.—m, Canadense,

L.; common.

Vol. 1, No. 3.] BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BITANICAL CLUB, = [New York, March, 1870.

BERBERIDACEZ.
BERBEW NS, L.—B, vulgaris, L.; Hills, N. Y., Zorr. Cat., but not found
of ‘ate; Glen Cove, /. Coles; Bergen Hills, and Red Bank, N. J.
CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx.—(. thalietroides, Michx.; Dyckman’s woods, In-
wood, Le Roy; Yonkers, Dr. Allen; Pascack, N. J., C. F. Austin;
Preakness, N. J., Fischer and Pollard:
PODOPHYLLUM, L.—P. peltatum, L.; West Hoboken, P. V. Le Roy;
Morris, Essex, and Monmouth Co’s, N- J. ‘

NYMPHAACE®.
BRANENIA, Schreber.—3, peltata, Pursh.; common.
NYMPHAEA, Tourn.—V, odorata, Ait.; common. :
NUPHAR, Smith.—yY, advena, Ait.; common.—N. luteum, Var. pumilum ;
Torr. Cat.; Williamsbridge, Harlem R. R., 7. F. Allen. -

SARRACENIACE. :
SIRRACENIA, Tourn.—S, purpurea, L.; New Jersey swamps; Staten
Island, Le Roy. ‘
PAPAVERACE.

CHELIDONIOM, LL —C. majus, L.; common.
NANGUINARIA, Dill.—S, Canadensis, L.; rather common. —

FUMARIACE.
ADLUMIA, Raf.—A, cirrlosa, Raf.; shady rocky hills, Zorr. Cat.; C. x
Austin, Palisades. i
MICENTRA, Bork.—D, Cueullaria, DC.; rather common, except on Long
and Staten Islands.
CORYDALIS, Vent.—{, glanea, Pursh; rather ecommon.—t, flavula, Raf. ;
Shawangunk Mts., Ulster Co, and probably within our limits,
W H. Leggett-—t, aurea, Willd.; Inwood, P. V. Le Roy; Sufferns,
W. H. Leggett. ?
FUMARIA, L.—F. officinalis, L.; Zorr. Cat., station destroyed, but
probably found in waste places elsewhere.

CRUCIFERAE. .

NANTURTIUM, R. Br.—N, officinale, R. Br.; common.—X, sylvestre, R. Br.;
Parsons’ Nursery, Flushing; 152d St., next to Trinity Cemetery,
W. H. Leggett—N, palustre, DC.; common; typical form, vic
p- 4, § 8; Var. hispidum, Hackensack meadows.—N. Armoracia,
Fries; not uncommon.

DENTARIA, L.—). diphylla, L.; near King’s Bridge, W. W. Denslow;
Westchester County, W. L. Fischer; Tappan, C. F. Austin—hb.
maxima, Nutt.; Bowery Bay, L. L., J/. Ruger.—D. Jacinata, Muhl. ;
Inwood; Hoboken hills etc.; not scarce.

CARDAMINE, L.—(, rhomboidea, DC. ; common.—. pratensis, L. ; swamps,
Weehawken, and New Durham, ete., not common.—. hirsuta,
L.; common; Var. sylvatiea, High Bridge, W. W. Denslow; Pali-
sades, Hoboken, ete.

ARABIS, L.—A,lyrata, L.; common.—A. hirsuta, Seop.; Inwood, Le Roy;

other authorities are given, but without localities, apparently

'

iu

not uncommon.—A, laevigata, DC.; Northern end of N. Y. Is-
land, W. W. Densluw; Yonkers, 7. F. Allen.—\, Canadensis, L.; —
common.—A, perfoliata, Lam.; 86th St., East River, sparingly, |
but abundant along Harlem River, near 6th Avenue, W. H.
Leggett. :

BARBAREA, R. Br.—B., vulgaris, R. Br.; very common, but not in Torr.
Cat.—B. praecox, R. Br.; waste ground about Parsons’ Nursery,
Flushing. .

ERYSIMUM, L.—E. theiranthoides, L. Waste grounds, upper part of
N. Y. Island, W. H. L.; also N. J., Austin.

HESPERIS, L.—H. matronalis, L.; Weehawken hill sides, W. H. L.; and

vid. § 10. ee a
SNYMBRIM, L.—%, officinale, Scop.; very common.—S. Thaliana, Gaud.; —
not rare. oe

BRASSICA, Tourn.—B. Sinapistrum, Boissier ; common.—B, alba, L.; —
common.—B, nigra, L.; common. a
DRABA, L.—). Caroliniana, Walt.; (Sandy fields, Canal St. Turr. Cat.) —
sandy fields, Inwood, W. W. Denslow.—), verna, L.; common.
CAMELINA, Crantz.—t,.sativa, Crantz; fields and waste grounds, Ho-
_. boken, Long Island, Inwood ete.
CAPSELLA, Vent.—t. Bursa-pastoris, Moench; very common. “
LEPIDIUM, L.—L. Virginieum, L.; very common.—L, ruderale, L.; common;
not in Zorr.Cat.; possibly of rather recent introduction. [I first —
_ gathered it at Flatbush, about four years ago; but, as it is com-
mon now in all directions near the city, it may have escaped —
notice from its resemblance to the preceding, W. H. L.}—l. —
campestre, L.; common.—t, Draba, L.; Astoria station destroyed;
not found elsewhere. be
CAKILE, Tourn.—t. Americana, Nutt.; abundant on sea shore; Mr. —
Calverly reports having found on Coney Island a stray specimen —
: _ of (. maritima, Scop. , q
~~ RAPHANUS, L.—Raphanistram, L.; not in Zorr. Cat., but abundant —
* enough now, at least on Long Island. :

CAPPARIDACE.

POLANISIA, Raf.—P. graveolens, Raf. Gravesend, L. L, in sand near 3
salt water, W. H. L.; Bergen, N. J., Le Roy.

ee , VIOLACE. . }

SOLEA, ay D. C.—, concolor, Ging., Tarrytown, ‘Hall, (See § 18, —
p- ie *

VIOLA, L.—V. rotundifolia, Michx.; Morristown, N. J WOH Lp News
Jersey, Austin; a specimen gathered in Morrisania, near the —
Harlem River, W. H. L. ; not in Torr. Cat.—V, lanceolata, L.;
common.—V, primulefolia, L.; not uncommon, particularly on
Staten Island.—J, blanda, Willd.; common.—J. eucullata, Ait.;
very common; Var. palmata; common; Var. cordata; Preakness
Mt., W. L. Fischer; petals variegated with white, woods half a
mile beyond Greenwood Cemetery, on the Coney Is. R. R., W-
H. L.—YV, sagittata, Ait:; common.—Y, pedata, L.; common.; Var-

il

bicolor; Inwood, W. W. Denslow.—V, eanina, L., var. sylvestrir.

_ Regel.; common.—), Canadensis, L.; Torr. Cat.; Le Roy; but cer-
tainly not common near the city, and, in State Flora, said not
to grow below the Highlands.—J, pubescens, Ait.; common; Var.
eriocarpa, Nutt.;-not uncommon; Var. seabriusenla, Torr. and
Gray; New Jersey, Austin.—v. tricolor, L.; Long Island, State -
Flora; Hoboken, Bergen, Weehawken, Torr. Cat., Le Roy, Allen;
Haverstraw, Austin; probably all, the var. arvensis,

_ 29 Notes on the list of plants——We gladly report several communica-
tions, suggesting corrections or additions to our catalogue. We
hope correspondents will remember to send specimens to Dr. Allen,
33 East 33d St., for the Local Herbarium, so that, when the com-
pleted catalogue is published, it may have an authentic basis for
reference, and verification.
Ranuneutus multifidas, Pursh, grows near Flatbush Jail, on the

Oaklands side. Last season I found it at Ridgewood, in a small
pool, which is now perhaps filled up. M. Ruger.
Trollius laxus, Salisb, The station in Westchester County is erro-
neously given 3 miles from Mt. Coombs; read McCoombs Bridge.
Magnolia glauca, L. I am a native of North Hempstead, Queens
Co., and have botanized in most of the localities between Ja-
maica and Greenport, but have not seen a plant of Magnolia.
It may grow there, but I should like to know who has seen it.
O. R. Wis.
We took the locality from Torr. Cat. and the State Flora; but
we have not met with the plant on Long Is. ourselves, nor do we find |
on enquiry, any recent collector who has. It may, however, grow on
this end of the island, which, from the discoveries of Mr. Ruger and
others, would seem not to have been fully explored. That it is not
very uncommon on the south side of Staten Island, or in the Jersey
Swamps, we can personally vouch. Eps.

30. Communication from 1. H. Hall—If you consider, (as I do,) Hepativa
acutiloba, DC., a species distinct from H. triloba, Chaix., I have to
report
Hepatiea acutiloba, DC., West Mount Vernon, banks of the Bronx, m

company with Dentaria diphylla, L., D. laciniata, Muhl, and a few
other things not as common here as further northward.

In Central and Western New York H. acutiloba is the prevailing
form; so prevailing, indeed, that I know of but one locality there of
4. triloba, and that is in Fleming, Cayuga County. The H. triloba
18 more apt to run to bright colors, rose, purple, deep purplish blue,
*nd more often develops scent; while the H. acutiloba is most com-
monly white, or with blush of rose or faint tinge of blue. Trans-
planted into gardens, the H. triloba develops the st
keeps its colors brighter. In both forms, both wild and

have observed quite a considerable degree of permanence

‘om year to year in the same plants. It may be interesting to ob-—
Serve that hardly any of our common wild flowers take more kindly
to cultivation than the two Hepaticas, provided they are not put

transplanted,

ronger scent, and a

ence in color __

12

in a place too hot or sunny. They multiply, the flowers increase in
size, and grow double, and develop an odor almost like a bed of
sweet violets—which is peculiarly grateful when, as they often do,
they come up and blossom through the snow, while the clustering
bees make them gently hum, like Virgil’s hedge of willows—and the
leaves make a most beautiful shining border all summer.

In the woods the Hepaticas are constantly visited by the bees
from the hives at home; indeed, they are the first things to start
out the bees. I know of one hive in particular, from which the bees
regularly go every spring a mile and a half to a patch of woods, to
gather honey from the early Hepaticas.

Ranunculus pusillus, Poir, not only grows at New Dorp, but im
most of the wet places south of the Staten Island R. R. for some
miles each side of New Dorp.

Ranunculus alismefolius, Geyer, I have found abundantly in Con-
necticut; Greenwich, Stamford, Norwalk, New Canaan; and I think
it must occur in Westchester County.

Ranuneulas flammula, L., var. reptans, Gray, so common from Nia-
gara in all the waters that empty into the St. Lawrence, I found —
last July, (1869,) cast on the shore on the south end of Pelopel’s —
Island in the Hudson, opposite Cornwall. It had a fresh flower,
but I saw none growing, and do not know whence it came. a

Coptis trifolia, Salisb. Grows on Staten Island, south of the R-
R., in wet places, between Vanderbilt’s Landing and Garrison’s, in _
company with Trientalis Americana, Pursh; Smilacina bifolia, Ker, ete. — :
_. IT have also seen it near White Plains, and in Connecticut; and

frequently along the Hudson River.

Cornus Canadensis, L. I know some patches in the woods near
Patchogue, Long Island. Near the same place, in a brackish marsh,
is Utricularia cornula, Michx., which I have not seen elsewhere here-
_ abouts, except in the Jersey Pines. TH. EH

4. Vinea minor, L., is pretty thoroughly naturalized on Betts Av. at
Laurenceville. It grows for the space of sixty or seventy feet on the
road-side. It grows also on Train’s Meadow Road, near Jackson
Ay., where I have seen it, and Sedum ternatum, growing for several .
seasons. M. Ruger. |

: 32, Ethusa Cynapium, L. May be found on the bank of the East River,
just outside of the northern part of Jones’ Woods. It may be found
also in the court-yard on the N. E. corner of Lafayette Place and
E. 4th St., where it flowered till quite late last fall. A specimen
from this place is in the herbarium of the Club. M. R.

33, Darlingtonia.—The “ American Agriculturist ” for March eS
tains a historical notice of Darlingtonia Californica, Torr. by Proks
Thurber, with a fine engraving of the plant. :

34, Special Notice—We repeat our call upon the friends of th +
to help make us known in all theiecewomntig Sékadien aaa aor 6 2
lover of plants is found. Our aim is no temporary gratification, but _
te do something towards making Botany a permanent lesittteiebieed :
of New York. — W.-H. Leecerr, 224 EB. 10th St:

ug

Vol. 1. No. 4.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTAMCSL CLUB. [New York, April, 1870,

35. Hints to Correspondents —The season for herborizing has now
fairly commenced, when the lover of plants will seize every opport-
unity to revisit his favorites, and study their habits. This seems a
‘iting occasion to remind him, that classification, though highly
important, is only one branch of Natural History, and that far more
may be learned of every species than the meager description proper
to the Manual. The ideal local Flora should contain a full account
of all the traits and habits of the vegetable world within its limits.
There are many facts not to be gathered or but very imperfectly
from the fullest herbaria,—facts which no doubt have, many of them,
been noticed and stored up, in a scattered way, in the minds of in-
dividual observers, but which, being unrecorded, are lost, to the
great detriment of science. We look forward to the time when
New York shall possess a tolerably complete local Flora, and, with
this view, wish to suggest some points, which it is desirable to have
reported. J"irst, there is the period of the successive changes
in the plant from the opening of the buds and flowers to the fall of
the seed and leaves, or decay of the whole plant; and, what is of
more consequence than the month or the day, the relative time mi
comparison with others, particularly of the same genus or orders,
end the variations in this respect, in different seasons or localities.
We'want much fuller information than we have yet about the earlier
leaves of plants, and the tendencies of some to drop, and of others
to keep their leaves. Secondly, it is necessary to note the geologi-
eal character of the soil and situation, and whether it be moist or
dry, and its exposure. Likewise, what plants are associated together,
or seek the shelter, or society of others. Next, the conformation
of the flower in reference to its fertilization, and whether the male
or female organs are the first to mature; what insects visit or feed
on the plants, — and in this let us hope that the votaries of the
sister science of Entomology will aid us. Then there are the in-
teresting subjects of the economy of the roots and rootstocks, of the

buds, and of the seeds. All monstrosities are worthy of careful |

consideration, not only as throwing light on general morphology,
but on the history of the plant itself. For every species has hada —
long history, and it is only by the most minute study, with all the
concentrated lights of science, that we can hope to get some insight
into it. This to many is the chief attraction of the subject, and we
must ever, with Colden, the earliest botanist of the State, make it
the object and guide of our studies, “rerum cognoscere causas.
It should be remembered that farmers and men whose lives are pass-
ed in handling plants, have often made interesting observations, and _
their sympathy may be enlisted to preserve some rare situation.

We see that very much remains to be accomplished, and that
those who are disposed to assist, can never want for subject raatter.

very one with eyes for vegetable life might become a contributor,
and would be gladly welcomed.

36. Zanthorhiza, Zanthoxylam.—These barbarous names arc credited,

_ the former to Humphrey Marshall of Pennsylvania, the latter to _ ee a

Governor Colden of New York. It would be hard to say whether —
they have not received more obloquy than honor from being remem-_

1:

led

bered in this connection; we have, therefore, a patriotic as well as a
literary interest in having the proper correction made. The English
Z is never an equivalent for the Greek X, and the inconsistency of
putting 2 Z in the beginning and an X in the latter part of Zantho-
xylum to represent the same Greek letter makes the confusion
worse. All other botanical names beginning with X in Greek, ere.
spelled with X, quite 2 number commencing with this very syllable
Xantho.

We are aware that there is a canon against changing the initial
letter of an established scientifle name, but we consider this casc a
fair exception. Dr. Gray says, in a note we feel at liberty to quote,
“As to Zanthorylum, Colden wrote it so, Linneeus adopted it, and
most have just followed. But there is no good reason for such
orthography and it should have been corrected. Zanthorhiza is
worse, because, I sec, Marshall made it Xanthorhiza, so you have
double reason. I have made them uniform but wholly unclassical.
Bentham and Hooker have followed the original spelling in each —
case, and spelled one with a Z, the other with an X.”—Lindley and
the English Botanists generally seem to prefer the X, but on the —
continent Z prevails.. We have always supposed, that Colden wrote —
* Zanthoxylum,” but find in his manuscript, in the possession of
Dr. Torrey, that he first describes the plant as 2 new genus, without
giying it a name, and has afterwards inserted, “ Zanthoxylum,
Catesby.” ee ;

The spelling of Zanthorhiza reminds us of another point in which
inaccuracy is frequent. The word is composed of two clements,
Xantho, and rhiza ; now it is an invariable rule in Greek compounds
that when the first part ends in a vowel, and the second commences
with an r, the r must be doubled; and yet we find in‘ authors such
inconsistencies as Corallorhiza, polyrrhiza. tu

We submit, therefore, that the correct spelling of the names in
question is, Xanthorrhiza, Xanthoxylum.

37. Polanisia graveolens, Raf.—I have found in considerable quantity
in rough clefts of the bank above the beach at Long Branch, N. d.

LH, Hate
38. Argemone Mexicana, L.—Yorkville on Tirst Avenue.—Reset:
odorata, L. 23d St. and 4th Av. M. RuGer.

_ 39 Correetion—Loceal Herbarium at Dr. 7. F. Allen’s, 3 EB. 33d St.,
instead of 33 E. 33d St.

40, Flowering of the Darlingtonia.—Dr. Torrey kindly gavé me, carly —
last winter, one of the several specimens of Darlingtonia, which he _
received from a correspondent in California. An empty Aquarium
ta.k was converted into asmall conservatory for it, and it was planted
in a mixture of swamp mud and sphagnum: the top of the tank being
covered with a glass plate. The plant was kept in a cold room, ©
where the moss was slightly frozen several times during the winter.
The plant flowered early in April, and the specimen was placed in —
the hands of Dr. Torrey, to allow him to confirm his original ob- |
servations, made upon dry materials, and he will probably add what —
nay be necessary to complete the history of this interesting plant. —

. .

15

CISTACEE.

HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn.—ll. Canadense, Michx.; comraon.
| HUDSONIA, L.—Il, erieoides, L.; Tottenville, Staten Island, Le Roy.—il,
tomentosa, Nutt.; abundant along the sea shore, May, June.
- -LECHEA, L.—t. major, Michx.; common.—l, thymifolia, Pursh; not un-
. common, particularly on the south side of L. I.—L, Nove-Cesaree,
Austin; not uncommon; abundant at Tottenville, Staten Island,
W. IZ. £.—t. minor, Lam.; common with numerous variations.

DROSERACE.

DROSERA, L.—D. rotundifolia, L.; common.—p, longifolia, L.; New Jersey,
Austin : common in swamps on Long Island, Coles, Allen.

HYPERICACEA.
ASCYRUM, L.—A, stans, Michx.; Long Island, Ze Roy.—A\., Crox-Andree,
L.; South side of Staten Island; South Amboy; Bergen Point,
N. J., many years ago I used to find it in the neighborhood of
56th St. and the Hudson River, W. H. L. ae
HYPERICU™!, L.—Il. prolifienm, L.; Var. densiflorum; South Amboy, 7.
F. A.—Iil, adpressum, Barton; New Jersey, Austin,—H, angulosum,
Michx.; Cedar swamps at Weehawken, Zorr. Ca!., but not seen
of late.—H. perforatum, L.; very common.—H, torymbosum, Muhi;
-common.—H, mutilum, L.; very common.—H, Canadense, L.; very
common; Var. major; Rockaway, L. I, W. # L.—lH. Sarothra,
Michx.; very common.
ELODES, Adans.—E. Virginiea, Nutt.; common.

ELATINACEZ. .

ELATINE, L.—E, Americana, Arnott; Banks of the Passaic; Ponds, L.I.,
T. F. A.; Westchester Co.; Mead, in State Flora; (Hudson R.

at Peekskill, W. H. L.).

CARYOPHYLLACE.

DIANTHUS, L.—p. Armeria, L.; common. y
SAPONARIA, L.—S, officinalis, I..; common. :
VACCARIA, Medik.—Y. vulgaris, Host.; Newtown Station of the Flushing

. —%. Armeria, L.; New Jersey, Austin; occasional by * iden,

| W. H. LS, entirrbing, L.;) covamon.—t. noctiflora ; ae
grounds and road sides, Flushing ete., W. H. L.; Inwood, I’.
W. Denslow.

LYCHNS, Tourn,—t. vespertina, Sibth,; in similar situations with Silenc
noctiflora.—L, Githago, Lam.; grain fields, common.

16

ARENARIA, L.—A. serpyllifolia, L.; very common.—A, sguarrosa, Michx.;
sandy soil, N. J., 7. F. A—A, lateriflora, L.; not uncommon.—A,
peploides, L.; sea shore, Staten Island, Long Island.

STELLARIA, L.—, media, Smith; very common.—s, longifolia, Mubl.;
New Jersey, Austin, W. H. L.; bogs and overflowed woods, Torr.
Cat.; north of Astoria, Ruger.

CERASTIUM, L.—t. yulzatum, L.; shady rocks along N. R. BR. of N. J.
above junction with Erie R. R., 7. F. Allen; New Jersey, very
rare, Austin, viscosum, L.; very common.—t, nutans, Raf.;
woods, N. J., Torr. Cat., Austin.—t, oblongifolinm, Torr.; abundant
on the hills of Staten Island, not in Torr. Cat.; Palisades, N. J.;
Austin, Le Roy.—t, arvense, L.; Fort Lee, 7. F. Allen.

SAGINA, L.—S. procumbens, L.; Austin; near Hempstead, W. H. L.;

_ “Borders of creeks and springs, and in rather moist sandy a
soils; on Long Island abundant, also near the city of New York.”
State Flora.—X, apetala, L.; Austin; dry hill sides, near Man-— .
hattanville, State Flora.

SPERGULARIA, Pers.—\, rubra, Presl., var. campestris; cbundant along
the New Jersey shores.—f, salina, Presl.; Coney Island, F. J.
Bumstead; Maspeth and Canarsic, If Ruger, media, Presl.;
common on New York and Long Islands, W. H. L.; Var. macre-
earpa, I have a well marked specimen of this plont, handed me
some years since, while yet fresh, by Prof. Jes. Hyatt, who
gathered it, as I understood, 2t Hoboken. W. IZ L. ,

SPERGULA, T.—S. arvensis, L.; rather common in cultivated grounds; —
rare in New Jersey, Austin, a

ANYCHIA, Michx.—A, diehotoma, Michx.; common.

SCLERANTHUS, L.—S. annuus, L.; very common.

MOLLUGO, L.—4. verticillata, L.; very common.

PORTULACACE.
PORTULACA, Tourn.—P, oleracea, L.; common.
— CLAYTONIA, L.—. Virginiea, L.; common.

MALVACE. ia
ALTILEA, L.—A. officinalis; not infrequent along the north shore of —

Long Island ; Newtown, 7. F. A.; Flushing, State Flora; Glen
Cove, Coles; cte. .

MALVA, L.—. rotundifolia, L.; common.—%, sylvestris, L.; Westcheste:
Co., Dr. Mead, in State Flora.—M, moschata, L.; a frequent es- —

eape.

SIDA, L.—S. spinosa, L.; “Sandy hills, N. J.” Eddy in Torr. Cat.:
ct Toy.

ABUTILON, Tourn.—A, Avieemne, Geertn.; not uncommon. eg

oe Presl.—K, Virginiea, Presl.; “Salt marshes near Oyster —

y-” Mitchill in Torr. Cat. Hackensack meadows, near “ Pen
Horn City” on Erie R. R., 7. F. Allen.

HIBISCUS, L.—HW. Moscheutcs, L.; common.

Vol. 1. No. 5.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICSL CLUB. [New York, May, 1870,

TILIACEA.

THA, L.—T, Americana, L.; common; var. pubescens, Weehawken, high
hills, Torr. Cat.—T, Rurop#a, common in cultivation.

LINACEZ.

Linun, L.—L. Virginianum, L. ;—common.—t, striatum, Walt.; New
Jersey, Austin; Staten Island, W. H. L., probably common,
but usually confounded with the preceding.—L, suleatum, Rid-
dell; New Jersey, Austin.—L, usitatissimum, L.; is found along
the railroads &c., but hardly established.

GERANIACE.

GERANIUM, L.—6, maenlatom, L.; very common.—f, Carolinianum, L.;
along the aqueduct at High Bridge; New Jersey, Austin,
W. H. L., not in Torr. Cat.—t. columbinum. L. ; Chatham, N. J.,
asmall patch W. H. L.; Long Island, Torr. Cat., but not in
State Flora,and as the next is found there,perhaps mistaken for—
G. pusillum, L. ; roadsides at Cooper’s Glue Factory, Williams-
burgh, and also at Lawrenceville, Newtown, WM. Ruger; vid. § 20.
Sandy soils a few miles from Brooklyn, State Flora; Glen
Cove, Coles.—f. Robertianum, L., common on shaded and rocky
hill sides, not reported from Long Island.

ERODIUM, L’Her.—E. cicutarium, L’Her. ; Tottenville, Staten Island,
Le Roy.

FLERKEA, Willd.—F, proserpinacoides, Willd.; Pascack, N. J., Austin. —

IMPATIENS, L.—L, pallida, Nutt.; Snake Hill, N. J, 7 2, Allen;
Weehawken, W. H. L.; New Jersey, Austin.—l. fulva, Nutt.;
very common.

OXALIS, 1..—0. Acetosella, L.; on New York Island, Le Conte, in Torr.
Cat., but State Flora, makes no mention of it south of the Cat-
skills.—0, violacea, L. ; common.—0, stricta, L.; very common.

RUTACEA: :
XANTHOXYLUM, Colden ?—X. Americanum, Mill, New Jersey, Austin; Glen

Cove, I. Coles.
RUTA, L.—R. graveolens, L.; Glen Cove, Z Coles ; but whether fully
naturalized, is not stated.

SIMARUBACEZ.

MILANTHUS, Desf.—A, glandulosus, Desf.; springs up wherever there are
trees, from both seed and suckers.

ANACARDIACE.

RHUS, L.—R, hina, L. ; not common.—R. glabra, L.; very common.—
R, pail DC. ; swamps, common.—R. Toxieodendron, L,; too
common. ‘There is an upright form found in swamps, which, if

. I mistake not, shows no tendency to climb. W. HH. L.

‘WMS, Tourn.—V, Labrusea, L.; common.—J, estivalis, Michx.—VITACEE,

; common.—J, cordifolia, Michx.; not uncommon, but we have no

18

report whether this is the true cordifolia, according to Engelman,
or riparia, or both. Torr. Cat. has both, and this is probably
correct. So far as the leaves and panicle afford a criterion, I
have a specimen of V. riparia, Michx.; Summit, N. J., W. H. L.

AMPELOPSIS, Michx.—A. quinquefolia, Michx. ; common.

RHAMNACE.
RHAMNUS, Tourn.—R. eathartiens, L.; old hedges, N. Y. Island, W. H.
L.—R. alnifolius, L’Her. ; Woody hills, N. J., Torr. Cat. ; Ditches
by side of rail road, New Durham swamp. W. H. L.; T. F. A.
FRANGULA, Tourn.—Ff, Caroliniana, Gray; Secaucus swamp ; between
Astoria and Flushing, vid. § 25.
CEANOTHUS, L.—C. Americanus, L.; common.

CELASTRACEZA.
CELASTRUS, L.; C. seandens, L.; common.

EUONYMUS, Tourn.—E, atropurpureus, Jacg.; near Paterson, N. J., on
road to Hamburg. Fischer—E. Americanus, L.; Hill side on
N. Y. Island, above High Bridge, 7. F. A.—Var. obovatus, Torr.
and Gray; rather common, but the leaves hardly obovate.

SAPINDACEAL.

STAPHYLEA, L.—4, trifolia, L.; Palisades.

AESCULUS, L.—A. Hippocastanum, L.; common in cultivation.

ACER, Tourn.—A. Pennsylvanicum, L.; on the sides of high hills, N. J. _
Torr. Cat.; {Haverstraw, Austin. |—-A. saccharinum, Wang.; rather
common.—A, dasyearpum, Ehrart.; New Jersey, Austin ; com-
mon in cultivation.—A. rubrum, L.; very common in wet grounds.
—A, platanoides, and A, Psendo-Platanus are common in cultivation,
and spring up from seed in our parks, but have no chance to —

grow.
NEGUNDO, Mcench.—N. aceroides, Moench ; near Paterson, and Red
Bank, N. J. W. #. L.

POLYGALACE.

POLYGALA, Tourn.—P. lutea, L.; Raynor, Queens Co., L. L, State
Flora ; New Jersey, Torr. Cat.—P. inearnata, L.; Torr. Cat., and
others, but it is not in State Flora, and in the absence of @
named locality, we suspect some mistake.—P, sanguinea, L.;-_
common.—P, Nuttallii, Torr. and Gray; Staten Island, 7. F. A. |
and others ; Long Branch, 7. F. A.—P. ernéiata, L. ; swamps,
South Amboy, &., 7. F. A—P. brevifolia, Nutt.; Secaucus —
swamp, 7. F. A.—P, verticillata, L.; very common.—P, ambignua,
Nutt.; New Jersey, Austin.—P, Senega, L.; in open woods, and _
on hills, N. J., Torr. Cat. ; Orange Co., Austin.—P. polygama,
Walt. ; abundant on Long Island —P. paueifolia, Willd.; New —
Durham swamp, Torr. Cat., but not seen of late. Orange Co., —
and Morris Co., N. J., Austin; Long Island, Le Roy. -

19

_4l. SYNCHRONISM.—The relative tame of flowering of different spe-
cles 18 a subject that naturally suggests itself to every collector,
and, by a careful collation of observations, is capable of being well
systematized. Every botanical excursion ought to furnish some
materials for this purpose, and we call for contributions. Mr.
Bower, informs us that of two species of native Dentaria cultivated
in his garden, D. laciniata, was two weeks in advance of D. maxima,
showing in this a marked distinction between the two species.

On the 14th of May, when every apple tree was in bloom, we
made a short trip to Bergen Neck, and noted two or three points
in this connection. In a partially drained swamp we found
Azalea nudiflora and Viola primulefolia in perfection of blossom.
Some of the heads of this Azalea resembled, in their crowded
umbel, Rhododendron. The Azalea head has about fifteen long pe-
duncled flowers, but in these cases, owing to the shortening of the
internodes, several heads were brought near together, giving a
close cluster, effective as a mass, but lacking the grace of the sepa-
Tate ones. Vaccinium corymbosum was in flower close by.

How long this violet had been flowering we cannot say, and saw
no other white violets to compare with it. V. cucullata had begun

appear in this neighborhood more than a month before, but was
now abundant and tall scaped. V. pubescens seemed to be past its
prime, although it had not showed itself nearly so early. We be-

eve that most of our violets have a season of some weeks at least
before they cease to display their petals, after which, as is well
known, the stemless ones, at least, produce apetalous flowers
throughout the summer—Is this change owing to variation in tem-
perature, moisture, or light, or is it connected with the departure of
Some insect visitors? Will some one who has the opportunity to
watch violets report to us the insects they find attracted by them?

Of Ranunculaceze, Anemone nemorosa had quite disappeared in
Woods which two weeks earlier abounded in them, and Thalictrum
dnemonoides, which was scarce at best, had but a few stragglers left.
Columbine was swinging its red bells over the rocks, apparently
Sood for a week more at least. Actwa alba was in fresh flower,
but Cimicifuga racemosa only in bud. Ranunculus abortivus was
wade having been out several weeks, but 2. recurvatus was
“lther scarce or just beginning to show its blossoms. -

Of other sateen Partin Codigo had newly minted its gold.
Claytonia had been in bloom for more than a month, and was full
of pods, with a few deep colored blossoms at the top—the sepals of
these partaking of the deep color and pink veins with the petals.

nium maculatum was not yet in its prime, and Pyrus arbutifolia
ly. The buds of Viburnum acerifolium were yet very imma-
ture, but the Dog-wood silvered the fresh green of the woods,

While th i oblirwnte Withee
e male catkins of the Beech we bers cernuum, and Smila-

_Of Endogens, Arisaema triphyllum, Trilliu nila:
Cina bifolia lens in good Poet but S. racemosa and Medeola Virgi-
nica had some time to wait, and Polygonatum biflorum was only par-
tially expanded. Uvularia perfoliata hung out bright bells, and
a ypoxys was sparsely showing its yellow stars.

20

Antennaria plantaginifolia had finely developed male flowers; we —
did not notice the pistillate, but have the impression that they were _
in condition some weeks earlier: we should like to be enlightened
on this point. So early as April the 9th, we found the Aspen in ©
this neighborhood with the pistillate catkins on several trees more

-advanced than the staminate on one close by.

42. Viola pedata, L.; var. alba, A white flowered variety of the Bird- —
foot violet was found near Flushing L. I., by C. L. Allen, of Brook- —
lyn. It is not mentioned in Gray’s Manual; “Sometimes pale or —
even white,” T. & G. Flora; “rarely almost white,” State Flora. In —
the specimens referred to the petals are quite white. G. "Foe

43. Senebiera didyma, Pers.—Appeared spontaneously along with :
Galinsoga parviflora, Cav., in the yard at 96 4th Ave., three years ago. —
a

44. The American Journal of Science and Arts for May, contains a gen-
erous notice of our Bulletin, and a- number of Botanical items of
- unusual interest. Mr. Bower’s name has been misspelled Brown. _

/ ' :

45. Notes and Queries—What is the explanation of the sudden
discharge of pollen from Broussonelia? Do the Locust and Ca-
talpa propagate themselves by seed in our region ?

46. Anemone fungus.—Several weeks since, in a wood on Bergen Neck, _
we noticed that nearly all the sterile fronds of Anemone nemoros® _
had « peculiar fern like appearance, and, on investigation, found on
the under side a series of angular black spots, which made the
likeness still stronger. It was evidently a fungized growth, and
was referred by the Lyceum of Natural History to Prof. A. M.
Edwards, who reports.

I found it to be Puccinia Anemones, a parasite very common both
here and in Europe. It is peculiar to this plant and position, 8?
much so that with its black coloured spots upon the deeply cleft
leaves, it is not to be wondered at that at onetime this was taken for
a feru; and even now it is sometimes known as the Conjuror or Chal-
grave’s fern, as Ray in his “Synopsis ” (3rd edition, 1724) describes
it, in company with the Maidenhair and Wallrun fern. This whole
group of microscopie Fungi, infesting both plants and animals, —
is of extreme interest ; the Brand of the Wheat, the Oidium of the ©
Grape, as well as many diseases which “flesh is heir to,” being at
least, accompanied, if not caused, by these quick growing atomies-
Those who desire to learn more concerning them will find profit
and amusement in perusing Mr. M. C. Cooke’s little “Rust, Smut
Mildew, and Mould”—, Hardwicke. If Botanists will send me
Fungus infested plants I shall feel obliged. A M EB,

sme 6 g. hA/iAhan ,{f Ss - OA Ly. L, B eA oo : pe POEs
: v.68 oe boy ‘ { & & a, b 4 ee | : ;

a f A rs 4 Va 2
Ustin AO 4 Hho

7) /
Vol. 1. No. 6.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, [New York, June, 1870,

47, Monstrosities of Trillium grandifloram— the prevailing Trillium
here—are occasionally met with in this vicinity, and brief mention
of the extent of the variation may not be uninteresting for com-
parison with similar accounts from other localities. The forms
found here have petals more or less turned to green, with long pe-
tioled smaller leaves, borne lower down on the stem ; or with stem

leavesentirely wanting, and a single radical leaf instead. The Calyx

of the leafless stemed form appears larger and more leafy.
_Hepatica triloba and Solea concolor, mentioned by Mr. Hall in Nos.
2 and 3 of the Bulletin, grow here. E. L. Hankensen.
Newark, Wayne, Co., N. Y.

t 2«<

48. Trillium ereetum, L., Var. album, Pursh.—From observations

made in my pretty extensive tramps in the woods of Central and
Western New York, where 7. erectum and T. grandiflorum, Salisb.
are exceedingly abundant, Iam inclined to think that the Var. album
is only an accidental thing. The parts of the Trillium plants that
appear above ground so entirely disappear in summer, that we can-
not keep a perfectly strict watch of the same root without digging
it up; but I have watched individual plants of this variety as closely
as possible, and seen the regular purple flower in their place the
next year; and have also seen the Var. album fiower in places where
the year before a purple flower had appeared. I have noticed, too;
that, as a rule, the Var. album is a starveling; rarely as large or as
healthy as the purple plants in the midst of which it grows.
Also, I have rarely found a Var. album away from the company of
the normal plant, and never more than three or four plants together,
though they are quite common. As to the color of the petals, I
have seen them of all shades, from creamy yellow, or greenish white,
to the normal purple; sometimes with a blush of purple in the cen-
tral part of the petal; sometimes with faint streaky tinges of purple
lengthwise of the petal, though not at all like 7: erythrocarpum,
Michx. It has also, less scent. My strong impression is that it is
Simply an unhealthy state of the T. erectum.

I do not know whether I have ever seen Gray’s Var. declinatum
but in the woods of Central New York one may often see myriads
of the 7. erectum, with the peduncles all bent down, so that the

ower is under the leaves; as completely deflexed as that of 7. cer-

nuum, L., but not otherwise like it. I have sometimes walked for
a whole day, and scarcely seen a plant whose flower was not thus
deflexed; at other times, and in other places, I have noticed these
in the company of, and mingled with, erect ones. The peduncle is
deflexed, vith a sharp angular bend, just above the leaves, and not

Y any curving or drooping. I have never met with the petals
“white” or “pink,” as in Gray’s description, but have seen them
of the Var. album sort, now and then. Gray’s description of T.
erectum, L., in Manual, p. 523, speaks of the peduncle as “usually
rather inclined than

cover the entirely deflexed state, I do not know. :
‘Trillium grandiflorum takes very well to cultivation, increases
and thrives in gardens, and is worth introducing. T. erectum

erect ”; but whether that phrase is intended to

22

thrives equally, but is hardly as desirable: 7. erythrocarpum is very
difficult to keep alive in a garden. I. H. Haut.

49, Viola pedata, L.; “var. alba.”—I have in years past often found
this variety in Connecticut, in several places in New Haven and
Litchfield counties, and particularly along the line of the New Haven
and Northampton R. R. My friend, Rev. Prof. J. A. Paine, Jr., m-
forms me that he has repeatedly found it in Oneida County, north
of Rome, also near Schenectady, and in Massachusetts, and else-
where frequently. The Long Island locality is on the Coney Island
(horse-car) railway, about three quarters of an hour from the Ful-
ton Ferry, and was discovered by Miss Emma Beach of Brooklyn.
In the same place grow several other varieties, viz. the “var. bico-_
lor,” others with petals streaked and spotted, and others with such
pencilled markings as are frequent on the flowers of the common
Y. tricolor of the gardens.

As to the “var. tricolor,” I have found it almost everywhere
where the V. pedata grows at all, and by no means very “sparingly.
I am inclined to think that neither this nor the other varieties have ~
enough permanence to deserve a special name. I. H. H.

50. New Immigrants —It is probable that many foreign weeds may
yet secure a foothold on our soil; their arrival and fortune deserve
to be watched. Last summer it was observed that Crepis virens,
L. var. diffusa, had taken possession of the grassy banks in Green-
wood Cemetery, though it had not apparently spread beyond.
The summer before, I noticed a well grown plant of Sisymbrium
Alliaria, Koch, in the main street of Flatbush village, so flourishing
that there seemed no reason why it should not spread. This sum-

mer, Mr. Ruger finds quite a growth of them in the ditches neat
the rail-road station. Ww. HG

51, Lepidium intermedinm, Gray.—This western species has not
yet been detected here, but it so closely resembles L. Virginicum
that it may be overlooked if it arrives. I have lately re
ceived a good specimen from Texas, and find the pods rather
broader than long, with the ears at top not so strongly marked
as in the latter. The embryo more resembles that of L. ruderale,
but with a longer cleft in the lower half. L. Virginicum has pods
rather longer that broad; L. ruderale likewise, but only about
half the size of the other two. W.- Be de

52, Valeriana officinalis, L., has escaped from cultivation at Fresh
Pond, L. L About thirty plants were observed. M. Rucer.

58. Seedling Locusts—There are several young locusts that have
sprung from seed on our place, and I have noticed others in the
neighborhood that must have originated in the same manner. |
have to dig up many locust seedlings from my flower bed. :
R. Tompxis, Somers, Westchester Co.

_ 54, Rhus copallina, L.—Mr. Hall calls our attention to the omissio®
in our last list of this plant, which is common enough on New York

23

Island and in all other parts of our district. Mr. Hall correctly ob-
serves that it is by no means. confined to “rocky hills” as Gray’s
Manual seems to imply; it flourishes, for example, on the sandy
plains of Long Island. Difficulties in the way of proof-reading may
account for this omission, and other blemishes in our last number.

55, Synchronism.—If several species are found growing in the same
situation, near each other, and under the same conditions, the pro- —
bability is great that their respective stages of forwardness will in-
dicate the true periodical relations of these plants to each other,
better than the dates of specimens gathered in different situations
and at different times. If we had a sufficiency of such data, we
could correlate the periods in the life of all our plants. We are
desirous of attempting something of this sort; and request those
interested to send us from time to time, during the season, speci-
mens of at least three or four species gathered at the same time
and in the same spot, with the date, and situation; or, if it is in-
convenient to send specimens, to send a statement. It is evident
that we should have here material valuable for the catalogue in
other ways. It is desirable but not necessary for the specimens to
be named, and no native plant, with trace of flower or fruit, would

be inappropriate.

56. Materials for the Catalogsne—We have received an interestinS
communication from Dr. O. W. Morris, respecting the Flora of the
island of New York. We had thought to publish in a separate ar- _
ticle, but for economy of space conclude that it is better to indicate
for the future by the letters N. Y. the plants that are or have been
found on the Island, and take some opportunity, hereafter, to name
those already on our list and not thus specified.

We wish much that our friends would bestir themselves, both to
get for us local lists, and to supply the Herbarium with specimens.
At present, the only district tolerably well known to us, 18 our island,
and that, only for the orders included in Gray’s Manual. As an
illustration of the interest of local lists, we may mention that we
have lately discovered that there is a region north of us, including
parts of Westchester, Dutchess, and Ulster Counties, where Clay-

_donia is rare or altogether absent. In a trip to Ulster County this

Spring, we did not see Anemone nemorosa ; and we learn from é

engage Westchester Co., that Houstonia cwrulea is not found
ere.

LEGUMINOS 2.
LUPINUS, Tourn.—L, perennis, L. ; not uncommon in sandy soils, in
New Jersey, and on Long Island ; Orange Co., Austin
CROTALARIA, L.—C. sagittalis, L. ; common in sandy soil; N. Y.

TRIFOLIUM, L.—t. arvense, L. ; common.—T. pratense, L. ; common.—
Tt. repens, L. ; common.—, agrarium, L. ; common.—T, ec al .
bens, L. ; not uncommon ; var. minus, not so common; New —
York Island, O. W. Morris: all N.Y. slic

24

MELILOTUS, Tourn.—M. officinalis, WiHd.; Hudson River, R. R. below

Hastings, W.-H. L; Brooklyn, 7) F. A.—M. alba, Lam.; very
common now, though not in Jorr. Cat.; N. Y.

MEDICAGO, L —¥. sativa, L.; not rare in or near cultivated grounds.

N. Y.—M. lupulina, L.; every where. N. Y.

ROBINIA, L.—R. Psendacacia, L.; comimon. N. Y,.
TEPHROSIA, Pers.—T. Virginiana, Pers.; not uncommon in the sandy

soils of L. I. and New Jersey; probably also on dry hills with—
in our limits in Westchester Co.

ASTRAGALUS, L.—A, Canadensis, L.; Westchester Co. ? Le Roy.
DESMODIUM, DC.—D. nudifloram, DC.; common. N. Y.—D. acuminatum, -

DC.; Palisades; Croton River, 7. F. A.; New Jersey, Austin;
Westchester Co., Le ‘Roy; N. Y., O. W. M—). pauciflorum, DC.;

- Westchester Co. ? Le Roy.—D, rotundifolium, DC.; rather common,

N.Y.—D. canescens, DC. ; Bloomingdale, Torr. Cat., but not assigned

. to this part of the State in State Flora; Inwood, W. W. Denslow;

New Jersey, Austin.—D. euspidatum, Torr. & Gray; Torr. Cat.; T.
Ff. Allen; Chatham, N. J., Flatbush, L. L, W. H. L:—D. levigatum,

DC.; Kingsbridge, State Flora; Bergen Point and Chatham, N.J.,

W. H. L ; Suffolk Co.,L. 1, 7: -F. A.—D, viridiflorum, Beck; Torr.
Cat., Brooklyn, and New York Island, State Flora ; Croton

, River, 7. F. A.; New Jersey, Austin ; W. H. L.—D. Dillenii, Dar-

lingt.; common; N. Y.—), panienlatum, DC.; common; N. Y.—).
Canadense, DC.; very common; N. Y.—D, rigidum, DC.; common;

N. Y.—D. ciliare, DC.; common; N. Y.—D, Marylandicum, Boot.;
common; N, Y.

LENPEDEZA, Michs.—L. procumbens, Michx.; Northern part of New’

York Islan

Long Island, State Flora ; New Jersey; not un-
common.—L, repens, Torr. & Gray; Glen Cove, Coles; Long Is-
land, State Flora & T. F. A.; New J ersey, Austin; Croton River,
f. F. A—t, Violacea, Pers.; common, with the varieties divergenls,
sessiliflora, angustifolia; N.Y.—L, hirta, Ell.; New York ; common.—

L, eapitata, Michx.; N. Y.; very common; var. angustifolia, State
F lora. ae

TYLQSANTHES, Swartz.—S. elatior, Swartz; New York Island ; Elizabeth-.
P: are Yorr. Cat.; Glen Cove, Coles; South Amboy & Red Bank,

VICLA, Tourn.—, sativa, L.; Hoboken, Zorr. Cat.; Long Island; New

York Island, 0. W. M.—Y, tetrasperma, L.; Hoboken, Zorr. Cat.;

_ New Jersey, pod dries yellow, 7. F. A.; New York Island; 0.

W. M.—Y, hirsuta, Koch; Torr. Cat.; New York Island, O. W. M.-
& others ; common in the neighborhood of N. Y., State Flora;
Newtown, L. L, Ruger; pod dries black, 7. F. A.—Y, Caroliniana, ”
Walt. ; High hills, Torr. Cat.; Le Roy.—V. Americana, Muhl.; shady _
rocky situations, Zorr. Cat. 3 N. Y. Island, 0. W. y. oon ae

- Vocal Herbarinm, 3 B, 33d St—Baitor 224 B. 10th St,

Ls
Vol. 1. No. 7.] BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTAMCSL CLUB, — [New York, July, 1870,

LATHYRUS, L.—L. maritimus, Bigelow; on the shores of Long Island,
and the harbor of New York, Torr. Cat.; Glen Cove, Coles; St.
Ronan’s Well, Flushing, 7. F. 4. & M. R—L, palustris, L.; Var.
myrtifolius ; New York Island, Torr. Cat., W.W. Denslow ; abund-
ant in Hackensack marshes.

APIOS, Boerhave.—A, tuberosa, Moench; N. Y. and common.

PHASEOLUS, L.—P, perennis, Walt.; Bloomingdale woods, Torr. Cat.;
Island of New York, and Long Island, State Flora; Le Roy;
Little Snake Hill, 7. F. A.; a little above Pocantico Bridge on
Hudson River R. R., ZH. A—P. diversifolins, Pers.; Island. of
New York, and common.—P, helvolus, L.; Greenwich, Zorr.Cat.!
Only in sandy fields on Long Island, State Flora.

CLITORIA, L.—t. Mariana, L.; South Brooklyn station lost; no other
known in this vicinity. ee

AMPHICARPEA, Ell.—A. monoiea, Nutt.; very common; N. Y.

GALACTIA, P. Browne.—. glabella, Michx.; New Jersey, Torrey.—t.
mollis, Michx.; Washington Heights, N. Y., W.W. Denslow.

BAPTISIA, Vent.—B. tinctoria, R. Br.; common.

CERCIS, L.—C, Canadensis, L.; woods, New Jersey, Torr. Cat.

CASSIA, L.—. Marilandica, L.; not uncommon; particularly on Lon
Island; N. Y., Le Roy.—C. Chameerista, L.; rather common; N.
Y.—{. nictitans, L.; common; N.Y. -

GLEDITSCHIA, L.—f. triacanthos, L.; common in cultivation; and per-
haps naturalized on Long Island, Coles.

CORONILLA.—C. varia, DC., growing in considerable patches by road
sides in Westchester Co. and on Staten Island. W. H. L.

AMORPHA.—A. fruticosa, L.; Var. Lewisii, along the Hudson River R. R.
at Tarrytown, I. H. H.

ROSACEA.

PRUNUS, Tourn.—P, Americana, Marshall; New Jersey, Austin ; Tappan,
W. H. L.; Le Roy.—P. maritima, Wang.; Shores of Long Island
and Staten Island, abundant.—P, Pennsylvaniea, L.; New Jersey,
Torr. Cat.; Glen Cove, Coles; Westchester Co., Le Roy; not
common near the city.—P. Virginiana, L.; N. Y., O. W. I; not
uncommon.—P, serotina, Ehrhart; common; N. Y.

SPIRAEA, L.—4, opulifolia, L.; rocky hills, N.8., Zorr. Cat.—%. corym-
bosa, Raf.; Morris Co., N. J., Austin.—X, salieifolia, L.; common;

N. Y.—, tomentosa, L.; rather common.

GILLENIA, Mcench.—6. trifoliata, Moench; hill sides, N. J., Zorr. Cat.
POTERIUM, L.—P, Canadense; New Durham ete., N. J.; N. ¥., 0.W. M.
AGRIMONIA, Tourn.—A. Eupatoria, L.; common; N. Y.—A, parviflora,

Ait.; rather common.

CEUM, L—g¢, album, Gmelin; common; N. Y.—4é. Virginianum, L.;—
Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.; Torr. Cat.; Le Roy; probably not
uncommon.—f, strietum, Ait.; not found on Hudson far below
Albany, State Flora; T. F. Allen & Le Roy, but no locality
given.—f, rivale, L.; bog meadows, N. J., Torr. Cat.

26

POTENTILLA, L.—P. Norvegica, L.; common; N. Y.—P, Canadensis, L.;
very common; N. Y.; Var. simplex, Zorr. & Gray; common;
N. Y.—P. argentea, L.; common; N. Y.—P. recta, Willd. ; Glen Cove,
Coles ; Palisades, Wilbur; an escape.—P. Anserina, L.; Glen Cove,
Coles; salt marshes of Long Island, State Flora; shores of
Newark Bay, W. H. L.—P. fruticosa, L.; in meadows, Wehawken,
Torr. Cat.; Morris Co , N. J., Austin.—P. tridentata, Ait.; northern
New Jersey, Austin.—P. palustris, Scop.; New Jersey, Torr. Cat.”

FRAGARIA, Tourn.—f, Virginiana, Ehrhart. Austin, Le Roy, T. F. Allen;
Glen Cove, Coles ; rare in the neighborhood of New York, and
on Long Island, State F'lora.—F, vesea, L.; very common; N.Y.

RUBUS, Tourn.—R, odoratus, L.; not uncommon; N. Y.—R. triflorus,
Richardson ; not uncommon; N. Y., Zorr. Cat.—R. strigosus,
Michx.; not uncommon.—R, occidentalis, Michx,; common; N. Y
R. villosus, Ait.; very common; N. Y.; Var. humifusus; common.
—R. Canadensis, L.; common; N. Y.—R. hispidus, L.; common.—
R. cuneifolins, Pursh; Long Island? State Flora; South Amboy;
Tottenville, Staten Island, W. H. L.; East New York, J. W.
Congdon.

ROSA, Tourn.—R. Carolina, L.; very common; N. Y.—R. lucida, Ehr-
hart; common.—R, rubiginosa, L.; not uncommon by road sides;
N. Y., O. W. M-—R. micrantha, Smith; Hoboken: Austin ; Sands
Point, L.1L, W. H. L.

CRAT AGUS, L.—t. coccinea, L.; not uncommon; N. Y.—C. tomentosa, L.;
Harlem River, N. Y., W. H. L.; Var. pyrifolia, on rocks, in
woods, Jorr. Cat.—f. Crus-galli, L.; in woods, N. Y., Torr. Cat.
O. W. M.; and elsewhere not uncommon, 7. F. A., W. H. L.,
though perhaps from cultivation.—(, parifolia, Ait.; New Jersey;
Tottenville, Staten Island, W. H. L.—. oxyeantha, L.; is fre-
quently spontaneous about old grounds, N. Y. and elsewhere.—
C. cordata, Ait.; in Torr. Cat. is said to grow “in woods and on
the banks of rivulets among rocks, New York and New Jersey,”
but it is not mentioned in the State Flora, and we only know

_ of it in old hedges.
PYRUS, L.—P. coronaria, L.; in woods, New Jersey, Torr. Cat., but pro-
__ bably an error.—P, arbutifolia, L.; Var. erythrocarpa; Var. melano-
carpa; both common; N. Y.

AMELANCHIER, Medic.—A, Canadensis, Torr. & Gray; common.—Var.

or tagages common; Var. oblongifolia; N. Y., O. W. M.; Denslow;

67. Lysimachia Fraseri, Duby; (L. lanceolata, Pursh, non Nutt. )—
Among the interesting plants which I collected on Lookout Mt.
(Tenn. & Geo., June 18—20, 1870,) was a showy Lysimachia, which
both Dr. Torrey and Prof. Gray refer to the above species; but
which differs so widely from the descriptions hitherto recorded, |
that I venture to offer the following. This showy plant grows —
abundantly, in company and flowering at the same time with (no- _
thera glauca, Mchx., on and around the point of the mountain; itis
rank and stout, has a beautiful thc of flowers, reddish stem,
and an exquisitely delicate red border to the leaves, bracts, and —

27

sepals. The stem is erect, two to four feet high, smooth below,
becoming glandular above. Leaves, 2 to 5 inches long; mostly 4
whorled, but often alternate, opposite, or 3 whorled; ovate lanceo-.
late, sessile, tapering to the base, long acuminate, smooth, light
green above, pale or glaucous beneath, irregularly dotted with mi-
nute elevated red spots; margin entire, delicately red lined, sparing-
Jy glandular under a lens; one ribbed, feather veined ; midrib whitc,,
prominent beneath; lower and upper leaves becoming smaller. The
upper whorl of leaves mostly bear the lowest whorl of the panicle in
their axils. Panicle 3 to 8 inches long, terminal, pyramidal, come
pound. Peduncles mostly irregularly 4-whorled, glandular, bracted.
Pedicels, often twice the length of the petals, either whorled at the
extremity of the peduncle or scattered, bracted. Bracts persistent,
red edged and tipped. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, sharp pointed,
red margined, and glaudular, (not fringed,) 4 to 3 the length of
the petals. Corolla } to 3 of an inch in diameter. Petals broadly
ovate, abruptly acute, sparingly glandular under a lens, not red
dotted nor margined. Filaments monadelphous, slightly unequal.
The plant deserved a name expressing the delicate red margin to
the leaves, bracts, and sepals, which the sunlight renders quite ef-
fective in the living plant. I found no traces if it along the moun-
tain farther south, nor at Stone Mt., Georgia...‘ T. F. Auxen.

_ 58. Migrations——Coming on the N. Y. Central R. R. a day or two
sce, I saw a number of plants of Echinacea purpurea, Mcench, in
full flower, at different places in the Mohawk valley east of St.
Johnsville; perhaps thirty plants in all, scattered for perhaps four
or five miles along. This is the first time I have seen the plant
eastward. Its western companion, Rudbeckia hirta, L., I think first
made its appearance in the eastern part of this state in 1860-1862.

the prairies they. grow commonly every where.

Perhaps some western botanist can inform us how for west Leu-
canthemum vulgare, Lam., has travelled. In 1868, I had applications
for specimens from Ann Arbor, Mich.; but in 1869, I saw it growing
freely about the R. R. station at that place, though it seemed not
yet to have crossed the state of Michigan. In Illinois and Iowa, :

Saw none; though Maruta and other wayside weeds were abundant.
Isaac H. Hartz, 36 Pine St., N. Y.

59. Lespedeza Stuvei, Nutt.—Mr. Chas. H. Peck, of Albany, writes
that he eg this plant in 1868, between East Ncw York and Ca-
narsie, in the brush near the first crossing on the dummy road,
Some thirty to fifty rods from the track, on the east side. Mr.

all calls our attention to his having found a specimen of this
Plant, in shady woods east of Tarrytown, as reported in Paine’s
Catalogue; which likewise contains the Amorpha elsewhere noticed.

62, Material for the Catalogue —Lupinus perennis, L., is found at
New Rochelle, and also formed White Plains and oe eli
Srows abundantly in Western Connecticut.—WMelilotus —
Willd, is found with the above on sandy points, all the way from
New Rochelle to New Haven. It is abundant on the Schenectady

28

io Aes

end Troy R. R. M. alba, Lam., grows very densely on wharves al? —
along the Hudson, and, on the railroads north and west of Albany, —
and in Western New York, is still the prevailing form, as it is with —
us.— Tephrosia Virginiana, Pers., I have seen at Throggs Neck, not —
quite down on the neck, and perhaps near White Plains.—Lespedezt —
repens, Torr. & Gray, on the land above a stone quarry, below Sing —
Sing.—Desmodium viridiflorum, Beck, at Sleepy Hollow Cemetry, —

above Tarrytown. (It is to be observed that the flowers of several

Desmodiums turn green before withering, just as those of Jrillium —
grandiflorum turn rose color.)—Desmodium acuminatum, DC., Lhave —
found nearly as common as D. nudiflorum, all about New York—
Vicia tetrasperma, L., repeatedly along the Hudson River, in West- —

chester Co. t He

Our floral region may be roughly subdivided as follows : First —

District; the neck of land between the Hudson and Long Island —
Sound, extending to Croton Point on the former, and Greenwich —
Point in Connecticut on the latter, and separated by the Harlem —

River from the: Second District; New York Island, which is its —
geological continuation: Third District; the Valley of the Hacken- —
sack, including the Palisades, and stretching from Rockland Lake —
to Newark Bay: Fourth District; Staten Island, which may be con- —
sidered the geological continuation of the Third: The Fifth District _

may be generally described as the Valley of the Passaic, being Wa —
tered by streams most of which flow into that river, and having for _
its northern and western limits the townships of Ramapo, Pompton, —
West Milford, Rockaway, Randolph, Mendham, Bernard, and Bridge —
Water; being separted by the Raritan River on the south from
the: Sixth District; which includes the country between the Ra- —
ritan and the Ocean, having on its western and southern boun- —
daries Milton, Spotswood, Freehold, and Deal: The Seventh District —

covers the western end of Long Island, embracing none: and :
pi |

Queens Counties, and the western half of Huntington towns

Suffolk Co. This distribution is doubtless imperfect, but this very —
imperfection will serve our present purpose, which is to call the —
attention of collectors to the point, that any rational catalogue of 4
of our flora, should distinguish what plants are absent from, or p& —

culiar to each natural region, and should contain such information

in reference to soil, climate, etc., as may help to elucidate the dis- —
tribution. It would seem that there must be persons residing @ ~
each of these seven districts, who would be ready to furnish a list —
of plants noticed in their several localities: but at present we have —
but one local list to refer to, (L. I.), and few localities given in the —

others. We hope in the next issue to bring the catalogue up to
Umbellifere, and invite the members of the club and others intereste¢ —
to send us fresh lists of the localities known to them, as far 28 —
that Order, and in general to keep us supplied in advance. We
are thankful for all subsequent corrections and additions but of

course prefer to have our list as complete as possible when first

published. A noté-book carried on a walk, would be found very q

useful.

Tocal Herbarium, 3 B. 33d St—Editor 224 E. 10th St.

Vol. 1. No, 8. } BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. [New York, August, 1870.

63. Lemna.— Between Huguenot station and Annadale on the
Staten Island R. R., branching from a road running nearly parallel
with the rail road, is another road leading to the shore. A brook *
crosses this, and among the bushes on the left hand side Epigwa
grows finely: crossing the fence; beyond the brook, and following
a path obliquely towards the shore, rather more than a quarter of
a mile into the woods, we find two little hollows filled with water.
About the end of July, I found these covered with the Lemna men-
tioned in the following note from Dr. Torrey. Since receiving it,
I have been able to see the palmate veins, very distinctly in the
decayed leaves. The fronds vary much in size, those with mature
fruit I have always found quite small, but have seen the stamens
on some nearly or quite as large as the ordinary S. polyrrhiza.
Even in July, the plants were producing what Hegelmaier calls the
winter fronds together with the usual kind. I have sent good spe-
cimens to him. Excursions made to procure more specimens were
successively less productive; I presume, therefore, that the flowers —
Were most abundant early in July: LZ. perpusilla, Torr., which is in-
termingled with it, is beginning to blossom at the end of August.
= L. umbonata, A. Braun, is referred by Hegelmaier - 8. oo

iza. : :

Thave made a careful study of the Lemna that you brought me
from Staten Island. It is clearly a-Spirodela, if that genus be
adopted, but, whether a mere variety of L. ( Spirodela) polyrrhiza or
a distinct species, I am in doubt. In all the fertile flowers that I
examined, there was but a single ovule in each ovary. Two of the
fronds bore ripe fruit, each with a single seed. The fronds are
Smaller than in the ordinary state of L. polyrrhiza, seldom more
than 24 lines long, and-I found no traces of palmate nerves. 5 ee

Five or six years ago I received living specimens ofa Lemna,in
flower and fruit, collected by Mrs. Brown, of Brattleboro, Vermont, ==
and named, L. polyrrhiza, I have preserved no notes respecting _

© ovary, and the specimens reserved for my herbarium have

n too much injured to permit a reexaminatiom of them. It is
+ doubtful, therefore, whether the plant is similar+to yours, or a
genuine L. polyrrhiza, with binovulate ovaria. a

Many years ago, (1845,) I received from Dr. Engelmann a Lemna ae
found by him near St. Louis, and named “ L. umbonata, A. Byaun —
tn litt.” Tt was without flowers or fruit. I can/not find any cha- —

_ Tacter in which it differs from L. polyrrhiza; and Mr. C. F. Austin, —
Who made a special study of North American Lemnacew, thinks it =
Snot distinct from that species. You have been very fortunate in _
detecting the flowers and fruit of a plant that is so very rarely seen
MM such condition, notwithstanding it is abundant in almost every
Part of the world. J. T., Columbia College, Aug. 11th, 1870.

_ 4, Additional observations on the flora of Lookout Mt—Along the per-—

Pendicular cliffs are numerous shelves worn horizontally, | usually a

Tom veins of conglomerate,) often quite deep: in a ae
*mingly beyond the reach of sunlight or rain, in the dry dust, we

30
find magnificent beds of Silene rotundifolia, Nutt,, with stems very
brittle at the nodes. I did not see it, (or, at least, very excep- —
tionally,) in the open ground, where S. Virginica, L., seemed to take —
its place; Azalea arborescens, Pursh, was almost out of flower, though i
in cooler places I found good specimens. Careopsis senifolia, Michx., —
everywhere,—the smooth variety ‘common, the soft hairy form, (im —
no other way different,) not common: this plant, and variety, 17
first found at the Mammoth Cave, thence going south, common —
every where. On the top of the mountain, on the rocks, Talinum —
teretifolium, Pursh; Parthenium integrifolium, L.; Helianthus tomen- —
tosus, Mchx.; Schrankia uncinata, Willd., (all through the South); —
Phlox Walteri, Chap.; Rhus Toxicodendron, L.; Var. quercifolium, —
Mchx , very queer; Pentstemon Digitalis, Nutt.; Ligusticum actwi-
folium, Mchx., (the natives call it Angelica root); Rudbeckia fulgida, —
Ait.; Vaccinium arboreum, Marshall, very common all over; Caly- —
canthus floridus, L., along the streams; Stenanthium angustifolium, —
Gray, grows under the cliffs, at the Point. Along down the moul- —
tain sides, Phlox maculata, L., and divaricata, L., (fruit); Oxyden- —
drum arboreum, DC.; Polypodium incanum, Swartz; and Asplenium —
montanum, Willd.; Clitoria Mariana, L.; Salvia urticifolia, L.; Ipomed —
pandurata, Meyer; Robinia hispida, L., quite common, but with no |
traces of flowers or fruits. In an old yard, I found Heliophytum In- —
dicum, DC. Every where in fields and open woods is found Ruellia —
strepens, L., growing singly and strictly erect. At Chicago, Mr. —
Babcock showed me a locality of Ruellia ciliosa, Pursh, which grows —
in clumps and is prostrate. J found R. strepens always quite hairy. |
At Lula Lake and Falls on Lookout Mt., six miles from the Point —
grows abundantly Rhododendron Catawbiense, Mchx., (I only found -
it in fruit,) also Diervilla sessilifolia, Buckley, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia, —
Marshall, Rhamnus lanceolatus, Pursh; and magnificently wild, Yucca —
Jilamentosa, L. Gnothera glauca, Mchx., I found wherever I went oD —
the Mountain. T. F. ALLEN.

65, A few days since, at Saratoga Springs, in the woods near the —
Excelsior Spring, amongst a large number of plants of Aspidum —
thelypteris, Swartz, I found several with the stipe or rachis enameled, — :
black and shiny, like that of Adiantum pedatum, L., or of Asplenium —
ebeneum, Ait. The blades of the fronds had a somewhat coppery —
tinge. Some were beginning to fruit, but most showed no signs of
fructification. I gathered a dozen or so, but the extreme heat 0!
the sun withered and spoiled them before I could get them in press
Near by were many Osmundas (either 0. cinnamomea or O. clay-
tonia—probably the latter,) with many fronds of that puzzling
shape that so nearly resembles Onoclea—specimens of which I have

now and then seen, and which I have never before been able to
place. | July, 28th. Lon

66, Pyrus coronaria, L., is said to oceur at Old Tappan, N. J., |
the farm of the late Thomas Waring; also at New Bridge. It is

not rare in Morris Co. about Mendham! Suceasunny ! Chester
Peapack! ete. It also oceurs throughout Western and Southe
New Jersey, and about Port Jervis, N. J.! a eee

: 31

Prunus Virgmiana, L., is very rare near Closter, the only locality
known to me is about three quarters of a mile N. W. of the
station; P, Americana, Marshall, is found at Closter.

Gillenia trifoliata, Moench, I have never seen in N. J. this side of the
Musconetcong Mts.

Geum Virginianum, L., is not rare in bogs near Closter; (. strictum, Ait.,
is quite common near Parcipany.

Spirea opulifolia, L., and

Potentilla arguta, Pursh, Rocks, High Torre, Haverstraw; P. palustris,
Scop.; Budd’s Lake, Morris Co., N. J., [both extra limital, Hds. |

Fragaria Virginiana, Ehrhart, is common about Closter.

Rubus strigosus, Mchx., is common in Orange and Sussex Co’s, but
I never saw it this side of, nor even on, the Musconetcong Mts.
I have searched for it about Sufferns, Haverstraw, Ramapo,
Mendham, Boonton, Budd’s Lake, Stanhope, Hacketstowa,
Chester, Morristown, Closter, etc., but never found it near
these places.—R. negleetus, Peck, a hybrid, I have no doubt, bet-
ween R. Strigosus and R. occidentalis, occurs in Orange Co., but
seldom more than one bush in a place; it will hardly average a
bush to a hundred acres of land. A Var.? of R. occidentalis
with whitish or cream colored fruit appears to have escaped
from cultivation at Franklin, Essex Co., N. J., (near Caldwell.)
It is thoroughly established in pastures and thickets. I have
heard from several persons that a white-berried Rubus grows
near Sufferns, N. Y. C. F.,Austin.

67, Mr. Congdon of Rhode Island used to find at East New York,
Aseyrum Crux Andrei, L., and at Irvington Polanisia graveolens, Raf.
Scirpus Olneyi, Gray, grows abundantly at junction of Erie & N.R. R.
of New Jersey. There is a large clump of Melilotus officinalis, Willd.,
at Communipaw on the N. J. Central R. R., where also Cannabis —
sativa, L., is very abundant. TEA

68. Prunus Pennsylvanica, L., grows on Weehawken heights. It isalso |
in the Central Park, west side, not for from the 100th St. entrance.
Potentilla fruticosa, L., also grows finely, and, I think, multiplies
there; and Hypericum Kalmianum, L., near the Seventh Ave. entrance,
and elsewhere, is from ten to twenty times as large as the w
plants about the Niagara River. I found Potentilla arguta, Pursh,
high on the rocks, east of Tarrytown, (Paine’s Cat. p. 25,) and, since
then, near Wilton, Conn. [In the N. W. part of Connecticut, it 18

& pernicious weed, overrunning the fields, and is known as Hard-
hack. Eds. | i. He Hi.

in Angust and September

ursh; Rosa lucida, Ehrha: ; Cratiegus tomentosa, 2

32

7). Geranium pusillum, L.—Since my last report, I have found a —
patch of this plant in Love Lane, a few steps east of the Main street
of Flatbush: I have also found Cornus Canadensis, L., on the western :
border of the pond between East New York and Canarsie. fe

M. RueEs.

SAXIFRAGACEA.

RIBES, L.—R. Cynosbati, L.; bogs, Closter, N. J., Austin; Preakness —
Mountains, N. J., W. LZ. Fischer.—R. hirtellum, Mchx.; bogs, aq
Closter, N. J., Austin; High Bridge, N. Y., W. H. L.—R. rotun- a
difolium, Mchx.; N. J., Allen, Austin; Fort Lee, W. H. IZ; foot —
of 60th St. North River, Le Roy/—R. prostratum, L’Her.; bogs, —
Closter, N. J., Austin—R. floridum, L.; Long Island, Ruger, —
Allen ; N. Y., Morris; New Jersey, Austin ; Westchester Co., “
W. H. L.—R. rubrum, L.; near Maspeth, ete., L. 1, Ruger; New —
Durham Swamp, Allen ; N. Y., Morris ; but probably an escape.

ITEA, L.—t. Virginiea, L.; probably grows within our limits in N. J.,
though not reported nearer than Manchester.

PARNASSIA, Tourn —P, Caroliniana, Mchx.; not uncommon. ;

SAXIFRAGA, L.—%. Virginiensis, Mchx.; very common; N. Y.—‘%. Pen-
sylvanica, rather common; N. Y., 0.W. M.

HEUCHERA, L.—H. Americana, L.; common. 4

MITELLA, Tourn.—M. diphylla, L.; common in Northern part of Bergen —
Co., ete., N. J.; but never saw it on Palisades, or south of —
Closter, Austin; Preakness, Fischer; Morristown, W.*H. L.j —
banks of Bronx, W. Mt. Vernon, Hall; Greenburgh, West- —
chester Co., W. H. L.; N. Y., O. W. M. :

TIARELLA, L.—T. cordifolia, L.; Passaic Falls, Torr. Cat.; on the banks —
of the Bronx, with Mitella, Hail. .

CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tourn.—C, Americanum, Schwein.; common; N. Y.

CRASSULACE. .

PENTHORUM, Gronoy.—P, sedoides, L.; very common; but not so, neat —
Closter, Austin ; N. Y. . a

_ SEDUM, Tourn.—t, aere, L.; on rocks, Yorkville and Morrisania, W. 2
H. L.; not in Torr. Cat.—S, ternatum, Mchx.; along the road
which bounds Mr. Herbert Torrey’s place, Rockland, N. J-
opposite his grounds, 1868, Austin ; Trains Meadow Road, near

Jackson Av., L. 1, Ruger.—, Telephium, L.; roadsides, common}
not in Torr. Cat. .

HAMAMELIS, L.—H, Virginiea, L.; common; N.Y. =
LIQUIDAMBAR, L.—L, Styraciflua, L. ; very common; N. Y.; common

the Palisades, but does not occur west of the Hackensac
River, Austin ; near Bloomfield, N. J.; Austin. a

Local Herbarium, 3 B. 33d St.— Editor 224 B. 10th St.

n> Condit. Spartan (Wl. Gd

Vol. 1. No. 9.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, — | New York, September, 1870

HALORAGE.

MYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaill.—M. ambiguum, Nutt.; ponds, Staten Island, New
Dorp, Allen ; Long Island and South Jersey, only in very sandy
localities, Austin ; with its varieties, natans, capillaceum, limosum,
ponds and miry places, L. L., State Flora.” Wish

PROSERPINACA, L.—P, palustris, L.; common.—P, pectinacea, Lam.; is
not reported distinctly as within our limits, but, no doubt, will
be found in New Jersey. ee

. ONAGRACEZ.

CIRCAA, Tourn.—f, Lutetiana, L.; common. he

EPILOBIUM, L.—E. angustifolium, L.; not uncommon; N. Y.; common
about Closter, Austin.—k. palustre, L., Var. lineare; Zorr. Cat. ;
not uncommon about Closter, Austin.—kE. molle, Torr. ; Morris-
town and Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.—E, coloratum, Muhl.; very

: common; N. Y. ae

(ENOTHERA, L.—€. biennis, L.; very common; N. Y¥.; Var. maricata,
quite common; Var. grandiflora, Alden ; Var. parviflora, Torr. Cat. -
—E. sinnata; Le Roy; South Jersey, Austin.—, fruticosa, L.;
common; N. Y.—E£. linearis, Mchx.; Glen Cove, Coles, ——
the var. of (. fruticosa, § 3, page 12, Eds.|—E. pumila, L.;
Long Island, Dr. Knieskern, State Flora; Mountain north of
Closter, rare south of this place, Austin ; Long Hill, N.J., W.
das? Say de ‘

LUDWIGIA, 1.—L. alternifolia, L.; common; N. Y.; with purple "gov
Glen Cove, Coles.—L, spherocarpa, Ell.; common about Closter,
in low grounds, Austin; Fresh Pond, Staten Island, W. H. L.;
abundant along the shores of Mohegan Lake, near Peekskill,
W. H. L.—t, palustris, Ell.; very common; N. Y.

MELASTOMACE.
RHEXIA, L.—R. Virginica, L.; rather common.

LYTHRACEX. —

AMMANIA, Houston.—A. humilis, Mchx.; on the muddy banks of creeks
in Hackensack meadows, Torr. Cat. This is a variety with
broad léaves; the narrow ledved variety is found on Staten
Island, Allen; Long Island, near Brooklyn, State Flora; near
Ridgewood, on Myrtle Avenue, Ruger ; Closter, rare, Austin.

LYTHRUM, L.—t. Hyssopifolia, L.; Staten Island, along road leading
towards shore, near New Dorp, W. H. Z.—. lineare, L.; Hacken-
sack meadows, Allen, Leggett.—. Salicaria, L.; old grounds near
R. BR. station at Flushing. It is found in Orange Co., State

Flora, and along the Hudson, Torrey, Hall, perhaps within i

ashame ee
NES#A, Commerson, Juss.—N. verticillata, H. B. K.; bogs, common; — os

rare about Closter, Austin. eas. :
CUPHEA, Jacq.—C. viseosissima, Jacq.; Washington Heigh eights, N. ¥., W.
x te near Harlem R. R. above White Plains, Hall ;—

34

in fields back of Greenwood Cemetry, many of the plants
bearing pale purple flowers, W. H. L., 1869.

CACTACE®.

OPUNTIA, Tourn.—0, vulgaris, Mill.; common on exposed rocks and in
_ sand, Westchester Co. and on New York Island, and Long Is-
~ land; and in white sand in South Jersey, Austin ; Preakness
' Mountain, Austin ; South Amboy; at Manhattanville with the

strong yellow spines of the southern form, State Flora.

CUCURBITACE.
SI€YOS, L.—. angulatus, L.; not uncommon; N. Y.

UMBELLIFER2.
HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn.—H. Americana, L.; common; N. Y.—H. umbellata,
L.; Suffolk and Westchester Co’s, State Flora; Suffolk Co., T.
_F.-A.; Mohegan Lake, Waccabuc Lake, Westchester Co., W.
_ H.L.; Red Bank, N. J., along the muddy shore of the Nave-
_ sink river, opposite the village, and just above the first wagon
bridge, along with the rarer—H. interrupta, Muhl.; which grows
_ farther back on the springy bank.—A peltate leaved form,
- which I have not seen in bearing, but which is probably H.
_ umbellata, grows abundantly along the Passaic, at Woodside;

CRANTZIA, Nutt.—C. lineata, Nutt.; reported at Westpoint and Peeks- —
‘kill, in State Flora: should be looked for, in brackish mud,

within our limits. '

SANICULA, 'Tourn.—%, Canadensis, L.; common; N. Y.—%. Marilandica,

_ L,; common; N. Y., 0.W. M.

ERYNGIUM, Tourn.—kE. yuecefolium, Mch.; Pine Barrens, N. J., “ray,
Austin ; perhaps extra limital.—E. Virginianum, Lam.; borders of
salt meadows, Hoboken, Torr. Cat.

DAUCUS, Tourn.—D. Carota, L.; too common; N. Y.

HERACLEUM, L.—A. lanatum, Mchx.; borders of salt marshes, Hoboken,

: Torr. Cat.; Glen Cove, Coles.

PASTINACA, Tourn.—P, sativa, L.; very common; N. Y.

ARCHEMORA, DC.—A. rigida, DC.; Northern R. R. of N. J., Allen,
Austin; swamps, Fairfield, N..J., Torr. Cut.

ARCHANGELICA, Hoffm.—aA, hirsuta, Torr. & Gray; common; N. Y.— _
A. atropurpurea, Hoffm.; Zorr. Cat.; L. R.; common at Closter
Austin ; N. R. R. of N.J., W. H. L.; between East New York, —
and Canarsie, Ruger. 7

CONMONELINUM, Fischer.—(. Canadense, Torr. & Gray; common at Clo-
ster, Austin ; L. R. : :

ATHUSA, L.—#. Cynapium, L.; N. Y., Ruger, vid. § 32; near Pleasant —
Valley on road to Fort Lee, W. H. L.

THASPIUM, Nutt.—T, aureum, Nutt.; common; Pascack and Wee-

_hawken, but not about Closter, Austin.—tT. trifoliatom, Gray;
Long Hill, N. J., W. HL. ) ae

35 |

71. Lemna Valdiviana, Phillippi—Several years since I found a
‘Lemna in Patchouge poad, L. I., which seemed new and strange to

me, not only from its habit,—peculiar in that it grows in tangled
submerged masses, exactly like L. trisulca, L.—but also from the size
shape, and grouping of the fronds.

I secured it again this year in
the same locality, and, as it does
not well correspond in habit with
any described form, I give here-
with a wood cut of it. The fronds
occur mostly in groups of 2, 4 or
6, and are very small, not averaging
over two millimetres in length, the
groups of four usually measuring
four m.m. in diameter. Figure 1
gives a representation of a group
magnified four diameters.

The roots are very long—
reaching over 25 times the length
of the frond—and become curled,
and recurved at the extremity be-
sides, intertangling in great con-
fusion. The extremity is provided
with a sheath, as shown in Fig. 5.
The roots-are nerved. The origin
of the root from the under surface
of the frond is shown in Fig. 2,
(enlarged 16 diameters.) Fig. 3
gives alongitudinal section through
the root in the direction of A. B.
in Fig. 2, it shows the oblique or-
igin of the root; the sheath, which
extend a very short distance; and
the peculiar shape of the surfaces of the frond. Fig. 4 represents a
transverse section of the frond in the direction of @. D. in Fig. 2.
These drawings are made acurately from the microscope.—I have
Some plants growing in my aquarium, which I can supply to any
one wishing them.

The plant corresponds exactly in size and shape to L. Valdiviana,
(P hillippi), as figured in Hegelmaier, and is doubtless that species,
though no mention is made either by him or by Austin, (L. Torreyt,
Austin, Gray's Manual), of the submerged habit. I trust the figures
will enable other observers te detect the plant. The fronds are
very asymietrical. TB he

We sent some of these Lemnas to Mr. Austin, who writes: “ The
L, Torreyi you send has the fronds subovate and shorter than usual.
two groups of the fronds I found no trace of air cavities.” Eds.

2. Wolffia Columbiana, Karsten.—I have received sterile specimens

=

of a Wolffia, probably Columbiana, from Antrim, Michigan, col-

36

Bianca
ee ne Fe ig ee

lected by the Rev. D. R. Shoop of Bellevue in that State, in June |
or July. The waters of a mill-pond were covered with it. L H. Hie
I have just received Wolffia Columbiana in flowers from Detroit, —

M. C. F. A., Sept. 9th.

73. Trillium erectum, .—Mr. Bower tells me that a plant of 7 —
erectum, L., Var. album, Pursh, which I sent him some five or six —
years since, keeps its “creamy green” color every year. I may —
also add that I have received a specimen of the Var. declinatum, —
Gray, from Michigan, and I can now say, that I never saw it grow-

ing in New York State. L hae

74. Rubus neglectus, Peck.—I am sure that Mr. Austin is wrong :
his suggestion about this being a hybrid. I have had this subject —

before me ever since a boy, when I helped to collect the forms 0B

which Babington, T. Bell Salter, and others, made so many species. —
Iam satisfied that there is no such thing as hybridization among —

any of our Rubi, but that all our forms result from a natural law

evolution. Rubus would make the very best study for a vegetable

biologist. Tuomas MEEHAN.

7). Obituary.—Mr. Ignatz A. Pilat, the Chief Gardener of Central —
Park, died at his residence in this city on September 17th. Mr.
Pilat was a native of Austria, and had important positions before —
political troubles induced him to come to this country. He was —

connected with the Park from its inception, and held charge of

carrying out the details of the plan. How well he performed bis
part, that noble work bears ample wituess. Mr. Pilat published —
in Austria, a work on Elementary Botany but, though an ardent |

lover of the science, his occupations allowed him but little time
to devote to it in this country. Still he was familiar with ow
native plants, and when the ground, now occupied by the Park,
was taken possession of, he prepared a full catalogue of the wild
plants found there. In Mr. Pilat, botanists loose a warm symp* —
thizer with their pursuits, and the community a most estimable -
public officer. GC.

76. Corrigenda—One or two material errors occuring in the last ‘
number, we take the occasion to correct not only them, but the more importa!
‘earlier slips.—p. 14, line 7th, for ‘‘syllable ” read ‘‘ prefix”; p. 17, last line bat
one, VITACER, should be the heading over the article Vitis: p.19, 1. 23;
‘showed ” read ‘‘shown”; § 45 read ‘‘Broussonetia”; § 46 read ‘ Wallrue >
§ 49, 1. 14, for ‘‘tricolor” read “bicolor”; § 50, last line but ene, for “them —
read “it”; § 56, 1. 3, after publish insert “it”; p. 24, § Medicago Inpulina, Ley
insert semicolon before N. Y.; p.25 put ‘*L.” after Coronilla, and Amorph@;
§ Spirea opulifolia, for “N.S.” read “N.J."; p. 26 read “Crategus par
folia”; § 63, 1.4, for ‘‘left” read “‘right”; § 65, for “slimy” read ‘‘shiny
§ 66, for ‘*Waring” read “‘Haring”, read also ‘‘Port Jervis, N. ¥-”; P-'
§ Potentilla arguta, read “High Torne”; § 68, last line but two for ‘‘it is
read ‘‘ P. fruticosa is &e.” )

Local Herbarium, 3 B. 33d St—Lditor 224 B. 10th St.

Vol. 1. No. 10.) BULLETIN OF TEE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. {New York, Vctober, 1870

77, Spirodela, Schleiden, ilustrated.We have received commu-
nications from Prof. Hegelmaier and Mr. Austin respecting the
flowers and fruit of this plant, found last summer on Staten Island.
It will be seen that it still remains a question whether this be the
true Lemna polyrrhiza of Linneus. We are expecting soon to hear
again from Prof. H., as in the first supply we sent him there was
a deficiency of fruit. Mr. Austin illustrates his observations with
a drawing.

Tiibingen, Aug. 30th, 1870.

Your discovery is of the highest interest for the knowledge of
the Lemnacee, as the flowers and fruit of Spirodela rank among the
greatest botanical rarities. I myself though working some years
on these plants, and examining rich materials of them both living
and dried, have never before seen the flowers and fruit; and, in
fact, they have been seen and described only by a few authors.

I immediately examined your plants as accurately as it was
possible. In the vegetative parts there is no difference to be found
from our Spirodela (Lemna) polyrrhiza, for the smallness of the
fronds is certainly accidental, or rather is connected with the fer-
tility of the plant. But the ovary, as I have found, is always one-
ovuled in the stage of flower, and the fruit, as you state, one-seeded ;
while the ovary of L. polyrrhiza is described decidedly, as being
two-ovuled, by the authors who have seen it. I am, therefore, in-
clined to judge that your plant must be considered as a different
Species or subspecies of Spirodela...... The name of S. monosperma,
[think would perhaps not be quite convenient, because it is very
possible that in S. polyrrhiza, in the rare cases in which it may be
fertile, only one of the two ovules is developed to a seed..........

F. Hecemaier.
Closter, N. J., Oct. 10th, 1870.

Me eis Dr. Engelmann writes, that both Griffith in India and
Schleiden in Germany found this Lemna (polyrrhiza) binovulate,
but that it matures but one seed; also that he found two ovules in
one of our plants. I also have found two ovules in one example.

The utricle is nearly round, biconvex, somewhat winged on the
margins, abruptly beaked with a short, conic, truncate mouth, which
1s slightly oblique (recurved), rather small for the size of the
frond :—seed not quite filling the utricle, broadly oval, horizontal,
with a black protruding hilum at the base—I saw no operculum
at the apex, but did not look for it; half anatropous, composed of
three distinct parts, of which only the central or albuminous portion
18 easily separable; this contains the germ protruding from so
apex, where it appears to be irregularly about four lobed ; oe sl
pressure the germ appears to be slightly curved ingrid Pa “#8
very thick, homogeneous, somewhat spongy;—the tner d if
about as thick as the outer one, and appears to be composed o
starch ;—the seed is somewhat flattened.—The frond is about 7
(-9) nerved. The young frond issues from the same a as the
frnit, and both above and over it. “ a ioe fae 2

Since the above was in press we have received a note from Dr.
Engelmann in which he says : “I whs delighted to-find x1 one of

38

my specimens a two-ovuled ovary; no doubt about it. So Hegel- —
maier’s objection to its identity with S. polyrrhiza falls to the —
ground. I had the other day a long letter from him, written be- _
fore he had received your second envoy. He was then thea busy —
as military surgeon, (He was a medical man before devoting him- —
self to botany.)” Mr. Austin,in a note dated Sept. 9th, writes:
“The utricle contains but one ovule in all the fronds I have exam- ~
ined, but I think there is evidently an empty space on the other —
side of the utricle, fully as Jarge as the space occupied by the single —
ovule.” This isa good example of botanical sagacity. We still a
think, however, that there is some peculiarity about the plant. The —
tenuity of the nerves has been referred to. In the full grown plant, —
now floating before us, there is a strong ridge down the middle of —
the frond, giving it a different appearance from the common form. —
However this may be, we believe the engraving from Mr. Austins
drawing, which, through the kindness of a friend, we are enabled to —
present, is the first accurate delineation of the parts of fructification _
of this plant which has yet been made. ve
Explanation of the Plate-—Fig. 1. Frond, showing the nerves at @ —
aaaaaa; young frond at b; fruit at ¢; with the seed d; rootlets
at e.—Fig. 2. Cross-section of frond showing it to be biconvex, also
showing the air-cavities—Fig. 3. Fruit.—Fig. 4. Seed, showing ©
the raphe at r, and the hilum at h; x is the apex of the seed, which —
opens under pressure, when also the albuminous portion issues out —
through this opening.—Fig. 5. Cross-section of seed, showing its
three distinct parts, viz: a, album ; s, starch ; and#, testa, or outer —
coat.—Fig. 6. Shows the albumen which has been pressed out of |
the seed, and the germen, g, protruding from the apex.—Fig 7 18 —
the same with the germen separated. ;

78. Nuphar Inteam, Smith, Var. pumilum.—Common in the Hacken- —
sack River, etc., near Closter. :
Arabis levegata, DC.—Common on the Palisades. ee
Draba verna, L.—I have never seen about Closter, nor on the Pali-
sades north of Guttenberg.
Viola rotundifolia, Mchx.—Not rare on the borders of swamps near
_ Closter. The upright simple scapes produce the perfect flowers
which are always abortive; while the prostrate branching stems

roduce fruit in abundance, and are always covered with
eaves. ao, et ee

79, Lythrum lineare, L.—is this year quite abundant near Little
Snake Hill: in prime, Sept. 12th. oc
Artemisia biennis, Willd—Seems well established at Stapleton land.
ing, Staten Island. It is a western species, that has lately
begun to travel eastward as a weed. .
Centaurea Melitensis, L.—I found in a kind of park, on Staten Island:
it was obviously only a stray or waif. It has established itself
in California, but I never heard of it before on this side of the
continent. J. W. Conepon.
‘0. Geum strietum, Ait.; and Liqnidambar Styracifiua, L.—are abundant —
ou Long Hill, Chathem J. se orn W.kL

| EBEARS

SPIRODELA.—(« page 38) |

39

81. Aspidinm aculeatum, Swartz, Var. Braunii, Koch.—Last July Rey.
J. A. Paine and B. D. Gilbert, found this plant in great abun-
dance at Kasoag, Oswego Co. In the summer of 1869, Mr. J.
H. Redfield found it in considerable abundance on the Cats-
kills. It might possibly be found among the Highlands.

Isoctes echinospora, Durieu, Var. Braunii, (fide Engelmann. )—Messrs.
Paine and Gilbert also found this plant, on the north side of

_ Oneida Lake, and near it Mr. P. found,

Myriophyllum tenellum, Bigelow.—I believe the only other station in
N. Y. is one mentioned in the State Flora as in Westchester
Co. ‘ee

(The State Flora also cites the northern part of the state.
We have found it abundant on the edge of the Sacondaga
branch of the Hudson, near Northville, Hamilton Co.; and in
a pond, in East Lyme, Connecticut. Eds.)

82. Helianthus angustifolius, L.—Grows on Long Island, from Bedford
Creek to Centreville, and beyond. At the terminus of Centre-
ville Avenue, in the marsh, it is quite plentiful. (Here may be
found also Utricularia cornuta, Mchx.) The leaves of the
taller plants are mostly alternate, sometimes scarcely any being
opposite ; those of the shorter ones being mostly opposite. It
bears some resemblance to Rudbeckia hirta.

Chenopodium glaucum, L.—I have found growing in the Clove Road
near Flatbush Jail; in Cooper Avenue, near Ridgewood; at .
the terminus of the Mill Road, New Lots; and in this city, in
63rd & 64th Sts., near Lexington Ave. M. Ruaer.

83. Cornus stricta, Lam.—This southern species is enumerated by
Rawolle and Pilat in their Catalogue of the plants of Central
Park, 1857, which do not, however, all seem to be native or na-
turalized as Nyssa uniflora, Walt., another southern species of
the same Order, is also contained in their list. Perhaps some
error has arisen, as Lonicera sempervirens, Ait. is not mentioned
by them, though it is certainly a native of that locality; while
their description of L. grata, Ait., (which no one else reports
from the Island of New York,) corresponds better to the
former. In Torr. Cat., 1819, Cornus stricta, L’Her., C. fastiqnata,
Mchx., is mentioned as growing in wet woods, but is not
quoted in the State Flora; but at that early date, we presume,
(for we have not the authorities at hand,) the distinctions had
not been well drawn. Mr. O. W. Morris sends us this name,
C. stricta, with no author, as among the plants he has noticed
on N. Y. Island, but, as Mr. M.’s recollections go back a great
many years, he may have been misled in the same way. At all
events, we have seen no specimen, and if any one knows of the
plant hereabouts, we shall be thankful to receive enlightenment.

84. Corrigenda—Our last No. was disfigured by several misprints.
A semicolon crea stand, before the letters N. Y. in the §§ (nothera biennis;
Ludwigia alternifolia; Hydrocotyle Americana; and Sanicula Canadensis. In§
Archangelica atropurpurea, dele; ‘north of Morrisania, Ruger.” p. 35, substitute
® comma for the — in 1. 2, and place the — after habit in the 3d line ; also dele —
comma after ‘‘in” in ]. 3, In §§ 14and72 write Wolffia. § 74 for ‘‘ strigosus
read ‘‘neglectus.” § 76, 1. 2 for “‘like” read ‘- take,

40

ZIZ1A, DC.—Z. integerrima, DC.; English Neighborhood, on rocky
hill, } mile south of R. R. station, Austin ; Palisades, Allen ;
Long Hill, W. H. L.; N. Y., O. W. M.; banks of Hudson from
New York to Sing Sing, Hall.

DISCOPLEURA, DC.—D. capillacea, DC.; common; N. Y.,0.W. MM

CICUTA, L.—C. maculata, L.; common; N. Y.—C. bulbifera, L.; salt
marshes, Hoboken, Torr. Cat.; Swamps, L. I., Allen ; common
about Closter, Austin; rare in the neighborhood of N. Y.,
State Flora.

SIUM, L.—, lineare, Mchx.; common, N. Y.; the plant growing in
Secaucus Swamp seems to be a variety with one oil tube in the
intervals, and less prominent ridges. Probably other forms of
this genus might be found in our district.

CRYPTOTANIA, DC.—C. Canadensis, DC.; common.

CHEROPHYLLUM, L.—€. procumbens, Lam.; Hoboken hills, Torr. Cat.;
South Jersey, rare, Austin.
OSMORRHIZA, Raf.—. longistylis, DC.; common about Closter, Austin; —
Long Hill, Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.; common, Le Roy, Allen; —
N. Y., O. W. M.; much less common in southern part of the —
state than the next, State Flora; Throgs Neck, and 3 miles —
above Newark on Passaic, Hall.—0. brevistylis, DC.; common; —
Ne.

CONIUM, L.—C. maculatum, L.; not uncommon ; N. Y.

ARALIACE.

ARALIA, Tourn.—A. spinosa, L.; Old grounds near 4th Ave., Harlem
River ; Central Park, Rawolle d: Pilat ; Glen Cove, Coles.—A. ra-
cemosa, L.; in shady woods, Long Island, etc., Torr. Cat.; common
at Closter, Austin; Long Hill, N. J., W. H. L.; Glen Cove, —
Coles; Central Park, Rawolle & Pilat.—A, hispida, Mchx.; Se-
caucus Swamp, W. H. L.; Ridgewood Ave., near Bayside Ce-

’ metery, Ruger.—A. nudicaulis, L.; in rich soil among rocks,
Torr. Cat.; rather common ; Closter, Austin ; Glen Cove, Coles.
—A, trifolia, Gray; common ; N. Y.; Closter, Austin.

CORNACE#.

CORNUS, Tourn.—C, Canadensis, L.; New Durham Swamp, Torr. Cat.,
Austin ; N. Y., O. W. IL; Long Island, Ruger, vid. §§ 21, 30,
70; rare.—{, florida, L.; common ; N. Y.—(. cireinata, L’Herb.;
in rocky situations, N.J., Torr. Cat.; common at Closter, habitat
same as Zizia, Austin ; Central Park, Rawolle & Pilat.—C. sericea,
L.; N. ¥., O.W. M.; common at Closter, Austin ; Glen Cove,
Coles ; Brooklyn, Ruger.—{. stolonifera, Mchx.; common at Clo- _
ster, Austin ; Central Park, Rawolle d: Pilat; Woods near Ho-
boken, Torr. Cat.—{, paniculata, L’Her.; common; N. Y.—t. |

alternifolia, L.; common ; N. Y., O.W. M.. q

NYSSA, L.—N, multiflora, Wang.; common; N. Y., 0. W. M.; Glen a

Cove, Coles.

Lecal Herbarium, 3 B, 33d St—LRditor 224 B. 10th St.

Vol. 1. No, 11.) BULLETIN OF THR TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, (New York, November, 1870,

CAPRIFOLIACE.

LINNEA, Gronov.—l. borealis, Gronov.; used to be found in the re-
cesses of New Durham swamp, N. J., but not recently; some
suppose it to have been placed there by Michaux. _

LONICERA, IL.—t, sempervirens, Ait.; not very rare, though curiously
not in Torr. Cat.; Staten Island and New Durham swamp,
Austin and others ; N. Y., formerly in Jones’ Wood, and waste
grounds, now the site of Central Park, where it grew luxu-
riantly, but is not in the catalogue of the Park by B. d P.; Glen
Cove, Coles; Flatbush, W. H. L.; Weehawken, L. R.—L, grata,
Ait.; New Durham swamp, Torr. Cat.; Central Park, Rawolle
& Pilat ; Glen Cove, Coles; thicket near Flatbush jail, 1868,
Ruger.—, parviflora, Lam. ; Closter ete., common, Austin ; N.Y.,
Torr. Cat., O. W. M.; Preakness, N. J., Fischer; Palisades, Se-
caucus, etc., not uncommon, W. H. L.

DIERVILLA, ‘Tourn.—D. trifida, Moench; Central Park, 2. & P.; -
Bloomingdale, Torr. Cat.; Piermont, Austin ; Preakness, Fischer;
Long Hill, N. J., W. H. L.; Glen Cove, Coles ; not uncommon.

TRIOSTEUM, L.—T, perfoliatum, L.; not uncommon, at least in the
region of the Palisades and on Long Island and Staten Island.
—T. angustifolinm, L.; is reported from Glen Cove, L. I. We
should like very much to see a specimen.

SAMBUCUS, Tourn.—, Canadensis, L.; common; N. Y.—4%. ame
Mchx.; common on the Palisades, Austin ; N. Y., O. W. M.
VIBURNUM, L.—Y. Lentago, L.; common; N. Y.—¥. prunifolium, L.;
common; N. Y.—). nudum, L.; not uncommon; Closter, Austin;
Long Island, W. H. L.; both varieties are found growing to-
gether in Secaucus swamp, N.J.; on Staten Island, Var. =
toni, with a rather long peduncle and very glossy leaves, W.
H. L.; Var. eassinoides, N. Y., O. W. M-—Y, deniatum, L.; common;
N. ¥.—V, pubescens, Pursh; on rocky hills, Zorr. Cat.; not rare
about Closter, Austin; Preakness, Fischer.—V, acerifolium, L.;
common; N. Y.—Y, lantanoides, Mchx. ; rocky woods, Manhattan-
ville, ete., Torr. Cat.; N. Y., O. W. i. ;

; RUBIACER.

GALIUM,. L.—4, aparine, L.; common ; N. Y., O. W. JL; very abundant

in the woods at the foot of the cliffs, Patterson, Forman; very

common on Palisades, Austin.—f. Mollngo, L.; Inwood,.N. ¥.,

W. W. Denslow.—f, asprellum, Mchx.; common; N. Y., 0. W. M.

—fi, trifidum, L.; common; Closter, Austin; New Jersey and

- Staten Island, W. H. L.—G. triflorum, Mchx.; common; N. Y.—

G, pilosum, Gray; common; Closter, Austin; Jamaica, W. H. L.

. cireezans, Mchx.; common; N. Y., O. W. 1—4. laneeolatum,

.Torr.; common at Closter, Austin; Long Hill, N. J., W. H. L.;
.. Woods and rocks, Jorr. Cat.—f. verum, L.; N. Y., O. W. M.

DIA, L.—D, teres, Walt.; common in N. J.; Closter, Austin; N.Y, | Aa

o.\ Le Roy, O.W. M.; Tottenville, Staten Island, W. H. L. ;
CEPHALANTHUS, L.—, oeeidentalis, L. ; common ; Glen Cove, Coles;
N. YO We «

42

MITCHELLA, L.—M. repens, L.; common every where in woods; N.Y. —

OLDENLANDIA, Plumier, L.—0, glomerata, Mchx.; N. Y., O. W. ML;
Bloomingdale and Brooklyn, State Flora; Closter, not rare,
Austin. . —

HOUSTONIA, L.—H. purpurea, L.; New Jersey, Torr. Cat.; Var. longi:
folia, abundant on Long Island, near Jamaica, Hempstead
etc.—Il, cerulea, L.; common along Passaic, but does not occur
near Closter, Austin ; Staten Island.

VALERIANACE/S.
VALERIANA, Tourn.—, officinalis, L.; vid. § 52. :
FEDIA, Geertn.—f, olitoria, Vahl.; cultivated grounds, Inwood, N. ¥.,
W. W. Denslow.—F. radiata, Michx.; fields, Torr. Cat.; is pro-

bably an error for the former. |

DIPSACEZ.
DIPSACUS, Tourn.—D, sylvestris, Mill.; not uncommon; Glen Cove, —
Coles.—), Fullonum, L.; Orange Co., rare, Austin.

85. Spirodela.—In reply to a recent communication of specimens, we —
have received the following letter from Dr. Engelmann. Although —
he thinks the publication unnecessary, we yet’ venture to print it,
as he differs from Mr. Austin in relation to the endopleura, and, of :
course, the subsequent terms of the series. Mr. Austin notified us,
that he had not had access to his materials for comparison with —
other species.

: St. Louis, Nov. 18, 1870.

Drar Sm: Only to day I finished the examination of your in- :
teresting Lemna. As Prof. Hegelmeier, the accurate monographer —
of the family, will no doubt give us a full’description and figure of —
this plant, from your specimens, I think it superfluous to try to —
anticipate him in a much less complete and satisfactory manner, —
a say that, af 4

ertile fronds are unusually small, onl 23-3}.mm. in 2
longer diameter, mostly with 5-6 hes or at oes 7; and with 3—5 —
or sometimes 6 roots. Foliaceous organs ; spiral vessels, (even 12 —
the roots,) pigment cells, and both forms of crystals, acicular and 1
glomerate, as in the common form of polyrrhiza ; stomata smaller, —
only 0.14—0.16 mm. in larger diameter, (whereas in that they are

fact, Hegelmeige y surmises from Griffiths —

- coarse but reliable figures of the Indian plant. Pollen grawms —
: ity, as often elliptical as globose, —
diameters and sizes; smaller —
than those of our Lemna paucicostata, (0.023—0.027 mm.) —
Pistil, as well as anthers and utricle, strongly dotted with purple,
in alcohol, brown,) subcuticular cells—ovule, hemitropous ; hori

43

- gontal, as’in L. minor ; and, in the 10 or 12 flowers now examined,
always’ single ; spiral vessels in funiculus, which only occurs. again
in L. gibba, in this family; exostome, almost closed, while in all
others it is open or even (in L. paucicostata and perpusilla,) in-
complete, the endostome strongly protruding.—Seed horizontal and
slightly compressed, the dark spot of the chalaza distinctly visible,
even through the utricle, and, as in all 1-ovuled species of Lemna,
directed backward to the base of the frond; raphe distinct, no
spiral vessels observed in it; seed (apparently—the specimens ex-
amined were not completely matured—) smooth as in Wolffia, not
ribbed as in Lemna; cellular spongy testa very thick; operculum
distinct ; endopleura, as usual in Lemna, dark brown, thin; endo-
sperm, (albumen,) considerable.—Embryo, cylindric almost as long
as the seed, as usual in the family, [what Austin calls albumen “ a,
his “s” is the starchy albumen,what he calls embryo, is the plumule. }

I take it to be a one ovuled small form of S. polyrrhiza. :

In all the specimens éxamined, I find the singular cireumstance

of the first (anterior) stamen only being developed and protrud-?e TL, /°-

ing, (but never as far as in other species,) and the second or pos-
terior one and the pistil being enclosed. Is this owing to the hour
of the day when collected? It would be worth while to find out,
whether in Lemna the first stamen may be developed in the

Morning, and the second at noon or in the afternoon.
Yours truly, G. ENGEiMAnn.

86. Imitation.—Darwin, Wallace, and others, have pointed out nu-
merous cases of imitation in nature for purposes of protection. An
instance of imitation for offence recently fell under my observation.
My attention was attracted by a wasp suspended from a panicle of
Solidago. I at first supposed that the flower had in some way
entrapped him, but, on closer inspection, found that he was in the

fangs of a yellow spider of precisely the color of the blossoms.

87,. The Club—meets at the Herbarium in Columbia College, 49th
Street, the last Tuesday in every month. Botanists are invited to

*

ber Oe ¢

Werp, Belgium; Phenogams.—S. B. Mead, sp ie 85 York, We —

plants in Gray, particularly for the novelties about Repel

have a list of his desiderata, which we shall be
of the Club desiring it.

of > ‘ized a B00
the region covered by Gray’s Manual, pois? that, “ Leucanthe-
tions of every state

; east Ee ee - Wisco . tt has emi-
grata tg Missin, ence oard tates. found it four miles

AA
south of Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1863. I saw it also this summer in
the N.. W. corner of Livingston Co. in abundance in three or four
fields, and some weeks ago I found a few specimens about five miles
north of Bellevue. Ranunculus acris, L., I saw also this summer
from 10 to 16 miles north of here, the only place where I have |
ever seen it established west of New York. In the way of immigra-_
tions, Hibiscus militaris, Cav., and Dysodia chrysanthemoides, Lag.
have established themselves at Joliet, IL, and Artemisia biennis,
Willd., now abounds in many places in this state. You may look»
for the latter in New York in a few years. [Vid. § 79.] Where
I have seen it here, it is evident that it is not indigenous, but an -
emigrant from the west.” Sept. 19th, I. H. H.

90. Hedera Helix, L.—Does any one know of this plant spreading
in our district ? .

91. Aseyrum Crux-Andrew, Iu.—1868, Babylon, L. L, near the mill -
pond, east of the village, along with a
Polygala lutea; LL.—and also south of the road, in front of Higbies
tavern, a
Nesuvium Portulacastrum, L., Var. pentandrum, July 21,1870.
Blitum Bonus-Henricus, Reichenbach,—same date, East Hampton,
L. L., south side of Hook Pond, to the right of the bridge, gomg
from the village to the sea shore, with Spergularia media, Presl.
Drosera filiformis, Raf—road side, about 3 mile east of Sag Harbor,
on the way to East Hampton. i
Nabalus racemosus, Hook.—Sept. 29, 1870, Scarsdale, Westchester _
Co., on the farm of Mr. Charles Butler. ’
Perhaps these stations are mostly too remote. J. S. MERRIAM. —

92. Podophyllum peltatum, L.—I had never seen in Westchester
Co., until a few plants were introduced some years ago by the 1
portation of fruit trees from Central N. Y. The plants grow
ne ge but, though they flower, they have as yet produced 20

it. G. J. Fiscuer, M. D. -

[Yet they ripen fruit in the neighboring parts of Connecticut,
e. g. in Greenwich, which is within our limits. Eds. ] -

93, Archemora rigida, DC.—Staten Island, marshes inear Linden
Park station, the only locality known in this part of the state, We
H. L. —Mthusa Cynapium, L.; Flushing, 7. F. A.

M4. Houstonia eerulea, L.—This plant is only reported from the
banks of the Passaic and from Staten Island, but we have a strong
impression that it occurs on New York Island, and in other loct
lities in our district. Can any one give us certainty on this point?

9). Composit.—We are deficient in data respecting several gene
of this Order, particularly the Asters, and more ially, No’s
os 16, 19—24 of Gray’s Manual, 5th edition. We hope for ass

nee * . *

SRI

Local Herbarium, 3B, 33d St—Riitor 224 B, 10th St.

Vol. 1. No, 12.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, [New York, December, 1870,

9, The Chib—During the summer of 1866, two enthusiasts fre-
quently knocked at the door of Dr. Torrey’s Herbarium in Colum-
bia College. They were always greeted with two hands, and derived
great pleasure in discussing some new plant found in the vicinity,
or i comparing curious varieties and sports of familiar species.
They had heard vague rumors of the existence of other collectors,
rumors confirmed by the mysterious disappearence of a secluded
patch of Cardamine pratensis, which had been left a few days to
perfect. The desire was frequently expressed to try to assemble
these workers ; so the effort was made. The meetings gradually
increased in size and interest, until it became evident that we
possessed a working force. The Torrey semi-centennial of Dec.
20th, 1867, still further united the members, and the present organ- -
ization was effected.

The following is a list of the officers and members of the club.
As the association is rather informal, and somewhat fluctuating,
_ We hope that errors and deficiencies will be pardoned. We have
lost by death one member, W. W. Denslow, one of the earliest,
most enthusiastic, and, with the disadvantage of feeble health, one of
the most indefatigable. No one had studied so carefully the plants
on the northern end of this island: unfortunately we have but a
partial report of his observations.

Officers.
Joun Tornsy, M. D., DL: Di... es Chairman.
P. V. Lz Roy,...... Secretary. | T. F. Auten, M. D., . . Curator.
W.. He Dmaarrnes ci pe sess Editor.

Members.
Auten, T. F. Forman, W. H. Perry, O. H.
Aust, ©. F. Gerarp, Cuas. B. Poxrtarp, F. A.
Bower, Ww. Gross, O. R. Reprietp, J. H.
Bucuanay, I. Hatt, L Rockwirs; F. A.
Bumsrrap, F. J. Hoae, Jas. Rucer, M.
Day, W. De F. Hyatt, Jas. Torrey, JOHN.
Danny, Jouy. Leacett, Wu. H. Tuurser, Geo.
Denstow, Hersert. Le Roy, P. V. Warp, Jas. W.
Eaton, D. ©. Mrnnum, Jas S. | Wirsvr, G. M.
Fiscuer, W. L. Morris, O. W.

‘7, An Autumn Ramble—On the 15th of October last, almost a
Summer afternoon, in company with Paul, aged seven, a botanist of
oe experience and expertness, though, it must be confessed,
rather illiterate, we strolled towards the shore from Linden Park

tion, on the Staten Island R. R. i
ice first object that attracted us was a Pin Oak, Quercus palustris,
rhea We found the small, dark colored acorns just ready to
Pa ip of the shallow cups, which, in this example, were con-

ed into the scaly base mentioned by Gray as occasional. From

that the end of the stalk must have moved through nearly 180 de-

46

the apex of the acorn radiate numerous light colored lines, similar
to those described in the State Flora as marking the gland of ¢.
uicifolia, but in our subject quite distinct ; we have before noticed ©
these marks in the Pin Oak fruit, but do not remember to have seen
them mentioned in the books; nor does Torrey’s “light brown —
well describe our acorns, which are decidedly blackish ; in shape /
they are flattened globose.

Towering over the surrounding brush were seen the dry cande-
labrum like armsof Lilium superbum, L., each supporting its oblong 4
pod. These arms form a considerable angle with the main stalk,
and yet the pods are all vertical: this seems the more extraordi- :
nary as the plant bears nodding flowers. Upon examining one of
these branches, or, rather, long peduncles, we find that, about an
inch below the pod, it has taken an upward turn, so as to give the |
fruit its upright position; and, still lower down, are evident traces”
of the bend of the flowering season in the opposite direction ; 80 |

grees,in the interval between the opening of the flowers and maturing
of the fruit. The pods are now open at the top, the cells being com-
pletely separated for about one third of the way down, (septicidal,)
and being, likewise, split down the back, (Joculicidal); but these
latter openings, which alone penetrate the interior of the cells, are |
guarded by a kind of lace work, sufficiently fine to prevent the
seeds from escaping in that way, but affording free access to the
wind. The effect of this splitting of the pod is to make the open ;
at the top wider. Each of the three cells is filled with thin fla :
seed, wedge shaped on the inner side, and rounded on the other,
like the sector of a circle; the larger part of each consists of @
broad wing. Their color is pretty and peculiar, being very nearly
that of gold lacquer. On trying to empty them out by inverting
the pod, we found, that they choked up the outlet, and did ney
readily escape that way; but when the pod was held erect, an
sprung, as it might be by the wind, they flew out of the top freely:
The tall stalks of this lily offer a prominent object for the winds
of autumn to shake, and thus disperse the seed, the broad grated
openings in the side and the light wings favoring. We counted
about 250 seed in one pod. We did not think: to count the cap-
sules on a plant, but there were prob ably 8 or 9, (Dr. Gray says there
are sometimes 40 blossoms.) We have occasionally for yeaT$
taken this same walk, and yet do not observe any increase in
quite limited number of lilies. Are we to suppose that the ground
is full of young bulbs, ready to grow when their competitors leave
them an opening; or that the great adaptation for dispersiol
shows that the conditions of germination are far to seek?
Many other objects, some of special interest, attracted us, but
have no more space at present. 2
We missed the cars on our return, and had to walk some three
miles to the steamboat ; but my young friend did not seem to
it wearisome, while listening to the story of the sturdy fellow
yore who sought botanical treasures in the garden of the Hespet*
es—some Staten Island with golden seeded lily pods,

47

98, Lespedeza procumbens, Mchx.—Staten Island near Stapleton,
Forman.—Diodia teres, Walt.; East New York, Ruger.

99. Corrigenda.—p. 40, in § Aralia hispida, read Ridgewood aque-
duet ;—p. 42, 9th line from bottom, read Lemne; 5th line from bottom, read
spinulose; 3d line from bottom, read paucicostata ;—p. 43, 2nd line from top
for ‘‘fasciculas” read funiculus; ll, 14 and 15 substitute semicolons for the
commas after ‘‘a” and ‘‘albumen”;—p. 44, the locality assigned to Blitum
should have been given to Sesuvium, and that of Blitum should be, ‘‘ Roadside
in East Hampton village.” —§ 93, read Hthusa Cynapium.—§ 94, read certainty.

COMPOSIT.
cop Schreb.—Y. Noveboracensis, Willd.; common every where;

LATRIS, Schreb.—l, seariosa, Willd.; swamps, N. J., Eddy in Torr.
Cat. ; Suffolk Co., L. I, State Flora, Allen ; banks of Harlem
River, near Sixth Av., with Solidago rigida & S. speciosa.—t. spi-
cata, Willd. ; Staten Island, State Flora ; 4 mile W. of Norwood,
N. J., Austin ; Morris Co., N. J., W. H. L.

EUPATORIUM, Tourn.—Z. purpuream, L.; common in low or wet
grounds ; N. Y.—H. hrstopitoliam, L.; Long Branch, Torr. Cat.,
and Red Bank, N.J., W. H. L.; Queens Co., Willis in State
Flora; Glen Cove, Coles; Liberty Av. near Jamaica, Ruger ;
and Suffolk Co., L. L., Allen.—E. lencolepis, Torr. & Gr.; not re-
ported nearer than Sag Harbor, State Flora.—f. album, L.;
South River, N. J., Bumstead & Leggett ; Edward’s Pond,
Suffolk Co., L. L, W. H. L.—E. teucrifolium, Willd.; common

everywhere else, but not reported from Westchester Co. ; varies

much, sometimes with a large corymb.—E, rotundifolium, LL. ;

Queens Co., L. L, Willis in State Flora ; Tottenville &ec., Staten
Island, W. H. L.; South Amboy, Allen.—f, pubescens, Mubl.;
Rossville &ec., Staten Island ; perhaps only a form of the pre-
ceding, if these species are distinct; the mature flowers were not
obtained, but in the bud there were about seven florets, W. H. L.
—E, sessilifolium, L.; Palisades, Austin; Glen Cove, Coles ; not
seen on this end of L. L, Ruger ; High Bridge, Allen ; Central
Park, R. & P.; Kingsbridge hills, with a short but decided pe-
tiole ; Staten Island, W. H. L.—A. resinosum, Torr.; Queens Co.,
L. I., Willis in State Flora.—k. perfoliatum, L.; every where
common; N. Y¥.—E. ageratoides, L.; common; N. Y.—E, aromati-
eum, .; rocky woods, N. J., Torr. Cat.; on Long Tsland, about
a mile from South Ferry, State Flora; near Richmond Hill,
South Side R. R., Ruger ; Hempstead, Allen; Staten Island,
New Dorp, Allen. ik
MIKANIA, Willd.—M. seandens, L.; common; eae e ea
TUSSILAGO, L.—T, Farfara, L.; Carmansville, but station probably
a destroyed, W. H. L.; N. ¥. O: WM. eer ae
ICOCARPUS, Nees.—S. solidagineus, Nees ; W' and co :
Cat. ; eae common, Austin ; Suffolk Co., L. L, yearly c0-
uyzoides, Nees ; common; N. Y. wate!

48

ASTER, L.—A. corymbosus, Ait.; very common; N. Y.—A, macropliyllus,
L.; Fordham, W. H. L.; Bloomingdale, Torr. Cat.; N. Y., O.W. —
M.; Closter, common, Austin ; Chatham, N. J., Astoria, W. H.
L.—A, spectabilis, Ait.; Queens Co., Willis in State Flora; Islip, 7
Allen & Leggeit ; South River, N.J., Bumstead & Leggett ; N.Y., —
O. W. M—A. concolor, L.; Queens Co., Willis in State Flora;
Centreville and beyond, L. L., Ruger ; N. Y., @. W. M.; South ©
Amboy.—A. patens, Ait.; common ; N. Y.: Var. phlogifolius ; Tarry-
town, Hall ; Weehawken, and Long Hill, N. J., Staten Island,
W. H. L.—A, levis, L.; common; N. Y.:. Var. levigatus ; near :
Greenwood Cemetery, W. H. L.; Glen Cove, Coles: Var. cyanens; —
N. Y.; Coney Island R. R., W. H. L.; Glen Cove, Coles.—A. ml 1
dulatus, L.; Closter, Austin; Summit, N. J., W. H. L.; N.Y,
O. W. M.; Staten Island, Jamaica, and Sands Point, L. L, W.
Hi. L.; South River, N. J., Bumstead—A, cordifolius, L.; very ;
common ; N. Y.—A, sagittifolius, Willd.; Snake Hill, Allen; —
Summit, N. J., Staten Island, W. H. L.—A, ericoides, L.; very
common; N. Y.—A, multiflorus, Ait.; Harlem River, &c.; Central _
Park, R. & P.; Glen Cove, Coles ; East New York, Gravesend, —
&e., Communipaw, W. H. L.—A, dumosus, L.; Hempstead, Haton —
& Bumstead ; Rockaway, L. I, and Staten Island, W. HL; —
N. Y., 0. W. M.; Closter, Austin.—A, Tradescanti, L.; very com- —
mon ; N. Y.—A. miser, L., Ait. ; very common; N. Y.—A. simplex, 4
Willd.; N. Y., O.W. M.; Passaic, Allen; Closter, Austin ; Hart's
Corners, Westchester Co., and Hempstead, L. L., Eaton & —
Bumstead.—A. tenuifolius, L.; Closter, Austin; Gravesend and 4
Astoria, L. L, W. H. L.—A, carneus, Nees,?; near Newark Bay, 4
Pamrapo, W. H. L.—A, longifolius, Lam.; common ; N. Y., 0.W. —
I. ; not reported from Westchester Co.—A, punicens, L. ; common; —
N. Y.—A, Nove-Anglie, L.; common along fences and road sides; —
N. Y., O. W. M—A. acuminatus, Mchx.; } mile 8. S. W. of Closter —
station, N. R. of N. J., Austin ; without locality, Allen.—A. Ne- —
moralis, Ait.; New Durham swamp, Torr. Cat.; Staten Island, —
Austin ; N. ¥., O. W. M—A, flexnosus, Nutt.; common in salt —
marshes; N. Y., 0. W. M—A, linifolius, L.; common in salt —
marshes ; N. Y. :

ERIGERON, L.—E. Canadense, L.; too common; N, Y.—E, bellidifolium, q
Muhl.; common ; N. Y.—E, Philadelphicum, L.; in woods and old :
fields, Torr. Cat., [but very rare now]; Le Roy; N. Y., O.W.M; —
Central Park, R. & P.; Glen Cove, Coles ; not about Closter, —
never saw it E. of Susquehannah valley, Austin.—E, annuum, —
es very common ; N. Y.—E. strigosum, Muhl.; very common; —

DIPLOPAPPUS, Cas.—D. linariifolins, Hook. ; common ; N. Y., 0.W. M— _
D. umbellatus, Torr. & Gr.; Closter, Austin ; New Durham swamp, —
&c.; Glen Cove, Coles; rather common.—), ¢ornifolius, Darl; —
Tappan, Austin ; Astoria, L. I, Chatham, N. Jy Wai Bs :

local Herbarium, 3 B. 33d St.—Baitor 224 F. 10th St.

BULGE TIN

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB.

Vol. 1l.] New-York, January,1871. (No.1.

1, The Bulletin—The present number commences the second year
of our publication. The interest shown in it augurs well for the
future. Thanks to its friends, (some warm ones outside of the
club, ) it will not fall very far short of paying expenses. When there
isa permanent fund of from three to five thousand dollars establish-
ed for it, as we count there will be some day, it will be ensured a
permanency, and the size may be doubled at half the cost to sub-
scribers. Meanwhile, it will be continued at the present rates.
The subscription for 1871 is now due.

2. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for June, 1870,
Dr. Gray’s Botanical Contributions contain much to interest
those who study the flora of the region embraced in his Manual.
_ The first paper is a “ Reconstruction of the Order Diapensiacex ;”

_ In which he groups together, Pyxidanthera, Michx.; Diapensia, L.;

Shortia, Torr. & Gray; and Galaz, L.

The second is a “Revision of the North American Polemo-
niacee.” The name Phlox ovata, L., is resumed instead of P. Ca-
rolina, L.; and var. nitida, Benth., (P. nitida, Pursh) is transferred
to P, glaberrima, L. P. procumbens, of the Manual, becomes P, amoena,
Sims. P, Stellaria, Gray, is a new species “found only by the late
Dr. Short, May Ist, 1829, on the cliffs of Kentucky River.”

The third paper is a colleetion of “ Miscellanea.” Dr. Gray con-
cludes that the American forms heretofore ranked by him under |
Lycopus Europeus, L., are distinct; hence the var. becomes the
species [,, sessilifolins, Gray; the var. integrifolins, L. rabellus, Moench;
the var., L. sinuatus, Ell. L. Europeus, L., has been gathered near _
Norfolk, Va., and Philadelphia.

‘Viola renifolia, Gray, a new species, found by Mr. Paine in Oneida

Co.,and by others in other northern localities, grows “in company
with V. blanda, which it closely resembles as to the flower, but the
leaves are more like those of V. palustris ; yet they are more strictly
uniform, and are conspicuously beset with pale, soft and tender,
lax hairs.” oe
Desmodium {llinoiense, Gray, between D. rigidum, and D. canescens ;
and Polygonum Hartwrightii, Gray, ‘“sedgy bogs, New York, from
Herkimer to Yates Co., and Michigan,” liable to be mistaken for
P. amphilnum, or P. Carey ; are new species.
We presume that students of the Manual will soon be supplied
with the requisite particulars about these interesting changes and

discoveries.

2

3. Triosteum angustifolium, L.—Mr. I. Coles, of Glen Cove, has
brought us specimens of this species from that vicinity. We
understand that some years ago Mr. Coles sent a specimen to the
State Onbinet, where its identity was recognized by Dr. Beck.
Bucks Co., Pa., has heretofore been supposed to be the northern
limit of the species. Dr. Torrey has not included it in his list of
plants to be looked for, appended to the State Flora. This dis-
covery, and that of Helianthus angustifolius in the same district,
(one of Dr. Torrey’s petenda,) with those of Eclipta procumbens and
Polymma Uvedalia at Weehawken, and Nabalus racemosus in West-
chester Co., and same others, give a fresh interest to our local Flora,
and should arouse our collectors to renewed activity.

4, Cornus stricta, Lam.—The specimen with this label in the Her- _
barium of the Central Park, vid. § 83, Vol. I., turns out to be @. —
alternifolia, L.

9, Winter Blossoms—On the 19th of Dee. the following plants —
were in bloom on Moore Farm, Newtown, L. I.: Malva rotundifolia, —
-L., Linaria vulgaris, Mill., and the common Dandelion, Taraxacum 4
Dens-leonis, Desf. The Linaria held out until the 26th. O.H. Perry.
Dandelions were seen by Mr. Pollard in bloom on Christmas day, —
‘in Central Park, and by another friend in another locality, Jan. 18th. _
Mr. Perry also gathered at Newtown, on the 8th of January, the —
beginning of the cold snap, the blossoms of the Cabbage, Shepherd’s- _
purse, and Chick-weed. Brassica campestris, L., Capsella Bursa-
‘pastoris, Moench., Stellaria media, Smith. It will be noticed that all —
_these late bloomers. are foreigners. The ovules in the last three —
cases were apparently fertilized. Mr. Ruger writes us that roses q
were blooming in St. Paul’s Church yard, December 14th. |

+ 6, Ihave to report the following additional localities :
_ ‘Silene inflata, Smith; 102nd St. between 3rd and 4th Avenue. -
Geranium pusillum, L.; court yard in front of No. 229 E. 10th St., in :
flower as late as Dec. 4th. : :
Lathyrus maritimus, Bigelow ; Sea-bright, N. J. M. Rueer.

7. In June last I found by the roadside, in a district burned —
over five years ago, a Tragopogon, resembling the illustration of T.
undulatus, in Loudon’s “* Encyclopeedia of Plants,” stated to be @ —
native of the Crimea. : oo D. Wuson, Glens Falls.

. 8. Aster longifolins, Lam.

logue, p 40, asfound by me in Westchester Co., some years since.
I subsequently found it in other localities near T.

_ Co. boundary; and have a very strong impression that I have met
_with it at Portchester, and New Rochelle, and perhaps at. East-
chester. I have certainly seen it at Riverhead, L.I. I, H. Hat. ©

3

SOLIDAGO, L.—S. squarrosa, Muhl.; Palisades, common, Austin.—t, bi-
: color, L.; every where common: Var. concolor; from Jamaica,
sparingly, east to Riverhead; L. L, also Plainfield, N. J., Hall.—
S. latifolia, L.; Closter, common, Austin ; New Durham swamp,
W. H. L.; probably not uncommon elsewhere, though not re-
ported.—, ewsia, L.; every where common; N. Y.—N, puberula,
Nutt.; “In sandy fields, New Jersey, near Amboy, ( Nuttall. )”
Torr. Cat.; Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.; Hempstead, Bumstead ;
Rockaway, L. L, W. H. L.; Tarrytown, Hall ; said to have been
found on N. Y. Island, if so, a specimen should be in the Local
Herbarium.—\, speciosa, Nutt.; Harlem River, near Sixth Av.;
Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.—4, rigida, L.; “On rocky hills, N.J.,”
Torr. Cat.; Palisades, rare, Austin; Harlem River with XS, spe-
tiosa; Yonkers, J. H. Pooley, Jr.; Central Park, R. .d& P.—S.
sempervirens, L.; common near salt water; N. Y.—%, neglecta,
Torr. d& Gray ; not uncommon ; N. Y., 0. W. M.; Rockaway,
Astoria, L. I.; Staten Island; Hackensack swamps, South
River, N. J.; varies greatly, but well characterized ; the upper
leaves are sometimes remarkably broad and entire, and in well
developed and mature plants the panicle is not narrow, but
quite broad, and somewhat corymbose; the stem is either dark
red, or straw colored.—S, patula, Muhl; not uncommon ;
Astoria, Bumstead ; Carlstadt, Chatham, New Durham, N. J.; —
Yonkers, &c., Westchester Co., W. H. L.,; Hall ; N. ¥., O.W. M.
—S. arguta, Ait.; common: Var. juneea; Long Island, Staten
Island, perhaps as common as the typical form.—NS, Muhlenbergii,
Torr. & Gray ; Hart’s Corners, Westchester Co., Bumstead :
- Chatham and New Providence, N. J., W. H. L.—X. linoides, So-
lander ; Closter, N. J., Austin.—. altissima, L.; very common;
N. Y.—4. ulmifolia, Muhbl.; Closter, Austin; Chatham, N. J., W.
H. L.; N. Y., O. W. M—X. odora, Ait.; common ; N. Y.—X, nemo-
ralis, Ait.; very common ; N. Y.—%. Canadensis, L.; common ; N.
Y.: Var. procera; Hackensack swamps, Allen.—S, serotina, Ait.;
common ; N. Y., 0. W. M.—S. gigantea, Ait.; common ; N. Y.—
8. lanceolata, L.; very common ; N. Y.—S. tennifolia, Pursh ; Ja-
maica, and eastward, L. I.; New Durham swamp, Austin.

CHRYSOPSIS, Nutt.—C. faleata, Ell; Suffolk Co., L. I., and Pine-
barrens, N. J., not reported, but probably to be found, within
our limits.—(, Mariana, Nutt.; New York Island, State Flora ;

Staten Island, W. H. L ; Long Island.

INULA, L.—I, Heleninm, L.; common ; N. Y.; not common near Closter,
N. J., Austin; rare on this part of Long Island, Ruger ; Glen —

Cove, Coles. -
PLUCHEA, Cass.—P, camphorata, DC.; common in salt marshes, N. ¥. ae
-BACCHARIS, L.—B, halimifolia, L.; common near salt water; N. Y¥., W.
H. L.; no doubt grows on Staten Island, and in Westchester .
Co., but none reported from those districts.
POLYMNIA, L.—P. Lvedalia, I..; foot of cliffs near Weehawken Ferry,
Allen. ee So

4

IVA, L.—I. fruteseens, L.; common near salt water ; N. Y.

AMBROSIA, Tourn.—A, trifida, L.; common; N. Y., O. W. J.—A. arte-
misiefolia, L.; very common ; N. Y.

XANTHIUM, Tourn.—X, strumarium, L.; common ; N. Y.: Var. echinatum;
common near salt water. At Spuyten Duyvil were found the
typical form, the variety, and an intermediate state; the
variety apparently the first to mature, and the typical form
the latest.—X. spinosum, L.; Staten Island ; Hoboken; Glen
Cove, Coles ; N. Y., O. W. M.; Brooklyn, Ruger.

ECLIPTA, I.—E. procumbens, Michx.: Var. brachypoda ; Red Bank, N. J.,
Allen ; about a mile above the Weehawken Ferry, at the foot
of the cliffs, in wet places, W. H. L.

HELIOPSIS, Pers.—H. levis, Pers.; Closter, Austin ; Central Park, f.
& P.: Var. seabra; South Amboy, Allen.

RUDBECKIA, L.—R. lacinata, L.; common; N. Y.; not common on
Long Island, Ruger.—R. hirta; common; not however, re-
ported from New York Island, or Closter. r

HELIANTHUS, L.—H. annuus, L.; waste grounds ; Coney Island, W. H. —
L.; N.Y., O.W. M—H, angustifolius, L.; Centreville, L: 1, Ruger,
vid. § 82, Vol. L—H. giganteus, L.; common; N. Y.: Var. ambi-
guus; near Brooklyn, State Flora.—t. strumosus, L.; Chatham, —
N. J., W. H. L.; Closter, Austin.—H. divaricatus, L.; common;
N. Y., O, W. M—H. deeapetalus, L.; Weehawken, New Durham,
Closter, N.J.; N. ¥.; probably common but not reported : Var.
frondosus; rocky hills, Torr. Cat.—H. tuberosus, L.; Woodside,
Bergen Point, N. J.; Staten Island, W. H. L.; N. Y., O. W. M.;
Jamaica, W. H. L.

ACTINOMERIS, Nutt.—A. squarrosa, Nutt.; “In meadows, New Jersey,
perennial, Aug., yellow.” Torr. Cat.; an error ? _

CORREOPSIS, L.—t, tinetoria, Nutt.; N. Y., O. W. .—4. trichosperma,
Mchx.; common in swamps ; New J ersey; Long Island. =

BIDENS, L.—B. frondosa, L.; common; N. Y.; heads radiate, Chatham,
N. J., W. H. L.—B. eonnata, Muhl.; common; N. Y., 0. W. M—

B. cernua, cast Woodside, N. J., W. Vs ie sae Low grounds and a

ditches,” Torr. Cat.; not rare in New Jersey, State Flora; Le —

Roy.—B. chrysanthemoides, Michx.; common ; N. Y.—B. bipinnata,

L.; very common ; N. Y. q
HELENIUM, L.—H. antumnale, L.; common ; New Jersey ; Westchester —

County; Long Island, Ruger. a
GALINSOGA, Ruiz & Pav.—b. parviflora, Cav.; streets of N Y.; Staten —

Island ; Bergen Point; Astoria, South Brooklyn, Ruger.
MARUTA, Cass.—M. eotula, DC.; too common ; N. Y.

—
—————

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven; and half a dollar for every additional :
copy, per annum. :

raincoat el sts eT

Local Herbarinm, 3 B. 33d St—Euditor 224 B. 10th St.

att RE Lae ee ee ee ee

Vol Il. No. 2.) BOLLBTIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. [New York, February, 1871,

ANTHEMIS, L.—A, arvensis, L.; quite common ; N.Y.

ACHILLEA, L.—A, Millefoinm, L.; very common ; N. Y.; the rose-colored
var. in Westchester County, Le Roy, Pooley.—A, Ptarmica, L.;
“Swamps, New York,” Eddy in Torr. Cat., but not since re-
ported. .

LEUCANTHEMUM, Tourn.—,, vulgare, Lam.; too common ; N. Y.—LI, Par-
thenium, Godron ; near Woodside and Centreville, L. 1., Ruger;
Central Park, N. Y., 2. & P.; N. J., Austin.

TANACETUM, .—T, vulgare, L.; common ; N. Y.: Var. erispum; not un-
common ; Ridgewood aqueduct, beyond Centreville, Ruger.
ARTEMISIA, L.—A, eandata, Michx.; Long Island, State Flora ; Sandy

Hook, N. J., Ruger.—A, vulgaris, L.; Rye, near R. R. depot,
Ruger ; Glen Cove, Coles —\, biennis, Willd.; Stapleton, Staten’
Island, Congdon, vid. § 79, Vol. L—A, Absinthium, L.; N. Y.,

GNAPHALIUM, L.—fi. deeurrens, Ives ; Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.; Glen

_ Cove, Coles.—f, polycephalum, Michx.; quite common we believe,

_ but have few memoranda about it ; Torr. Cat.; Chatham, N. J.,
W. H. L.; Central Park, R. & P.; pretty common on L. I,
Ruger ; Glen Cove, Coles.—@, wligininosum, L.; common ; N. Y.—
fi. purpureum, L.; Staten Island, Chatham, N.J., W. H. L.; Long
Branch, Ruger ; Torr. Cat.; Le Roy.

ANTENNARIA, Geortn.—A, margaritacea, R. Brown; common; N. Y.,
O. W. M.—A, plantaginifolia, Hook.; common ; N. Y.

FILAGO, Tourn.—F, Germaniea, L.; Staten Island, State Flora.

ERECHTHITES, Raf.—k, hieracifolia, Raf.; very common ; N. Y.

SENECIO, L.—s, vulgaris, L.; old grounds ; N. Y.; Fort Lee, W. H. L.;
Snake Hill, Le Roy; near Cooper’s Glue Factory, Ruger ;—
Flushing, Astoria, etc.—\, aureus, L.; Bloomingdale, Torr. Cat.; _
Morristown, N. J., W. H. L.; Train’s meadows, plentiful, Mas- _
peth, not plentiful, Ruger; Glen Cove, Coles; and probably ©
common elsewhere though not reported; Var. Balsamite; “Wet
meadows, along brooks, N. J.,” Torr. Cat. -

CENTAUREA, 1.—¢. Cyanu L.; escape; L. 1; N. Y., 0. W. 1; wheat
fields, ie Podepaok Melitensis, L., referred to § 79, Vol. 1,
was evidently planted. : ;

CIRSIUM, Tourn.—, lanceolatum, Scop.; very common ; N. Y.—C. dis-
tolor, Spreng.; common; N. Y., O. W. #—f, muticum, Mchx.;
common ; N. Y.—(, pumilum, Spreng.; common ; N. Y., Nuttall.
—(. horridulum, Michx.; “Sandy fields, particularly near the |
salt water; rather common on Long Island.” State Flora; —
Glen Cove, Coles ; Staten Island, Ruger.—t. arvense, Scop.; too

common ; N. Y. : or — oe

— ONOPORDON, Vaill.—o, acanthium, L.; near Patterson, W.

2. Wood, Le Roy. — edna Bs be ote Os

LAPPA, Tourn.—[, officinalis, Allioni; Var. major; very common ;

Central Park, R. OM i Bel ce ea

CICHORIUM, Tourn.—C. Intybus, L.; common ; N. ¥.; Glen Cove, Coles

A ee

6

KRIGIA, Schreber.—K. Virginica, Willd.; common ; N. Y.; Glen Cove,
Coles ; not abundant on this part of L. L., Ruger.

CYNTHIA, Don.—f. Virginica, Don ; common in N. J.; Fordham, West-
chester Co., and Glendale and Locust Av., L. I., Ruger.

CREPIS, L.—C. virens, L.: Var. diffusa; Greenwood Cemetery, vid.
§ 50, Vol. L

9. Herbarium Suggestions—No. I. Size of genus-covers and sheets for
species.—It is evident that some uniform standard ought to be se-
lected by botanists for the size of the sheets of paper to which
their dried specimens of plants are attached, and of the genus-
covers containing the same, for this would greatly facilitate ex- —
change from one herbarium to another. At present, however, 10 —
such standard is recognized, as is evident on consulting botanical —
works or in looking over the herbaria of different collectors. a

Writers on botany usually pass the subject over, regarding it, —
apparently, as infra dig. Taking up half a dozen authors, whose —
works happen to be within reach, I find only two who mention it:— _

Balfour, Manual of Botany, 1855, p. 658, recommends that the —
sheets for species should be 17 inches in length and 10} in breadth. —

Prof. Alphonso Wood, Botanist and Florist, 1870, says the pape?
should at least be 14 by 11 inches.

Dr. Torrey’s sheets, which I have measured in his herbarium, are —
fifteen and one-quarter by eleven inches, a

Dr. Gray’s sheets for species are sixteen and four-tenths by —
eleven and one-half inches ; his genus covers are sixteen and four- —
tenths by twelve inches. It may be noticed, in passing, that this
relative proportion is objectionable, because no difference is made —
in height between the species and genus sheets, and, although —
packing a genus cover will not diminish its height, yet, in the ne —
-eessary hurry of insertion, species sheets will project a little above —
or below, and in time will show a discolored margin, due to eX —
posure to air and dust, which liability can practically be obviated
only by allowing a difference in height as well as width. =

Again, if report be true, an eminent botanist, on commencing —
his collection many years ago, ordered paper of a certain size which —
he had carefully selected. His stationer made a mistake of half an —
inch or so ; the bs i thus cut was too valuable to be thrown aways —
and the error has been perpetuated in all subsequent purchases, —
and has been followed by many of his pupils!

Whatever size is adopted, in commencing a collection, it must, a
almost necessarily, be retained in future, so that the following —
suggestions on this score can only be of use to younger botanists.

The size-which I would propose as a standard, and one which I
have tested by many years experience, is, in the extreme measure
ment of all outside covers containing sheets of dried specimen
eighteen inches in length by twelve inches in breadth ; and the 812@
of the enclosed sheets just one-half inch less each way. Yout —
genus-covers, when folded and ready for use, will then measure ® —
foot and a half in height by a foot in width. Your sheets to whi¢
your plants are attached will measure seventeen and a half inch

7

in height by eleven and a half inches in width. These dimensions
possess the following recommendations :—

1st,—They are simple and easily recalled to mind.

2nd,—They are adequate for all plants which you may wish to
put up yourself, and will include almost all mountéd specimens
which you are likely to receive from others. The only exception
to this that I know of, was a collection of mounted ferns, imported
by our lamented friend Denslow from Mr. Smith, of London, whose
sheets were an inch or two larger each way.

3rd,—Most of the paper as found in the market can be cut up
into these dimensions without much loss or waste. Owners of very
large collections can order their paper direct from the manufac-
turers, of the exact size they desire, but this is impracticable for
small quantities, and hence the present consideration is important,

I would remark that your stationer may tell you, that he can only
cut certain paper, which you have selected, an eighth of an inch
less in one of its dimensions than the size asked for ; thus, in order
to avoid a curling or bending of the margin, it may be necessary
to have your folded genus covers eleven and seven-eighths inches
wide, instead of fully twelve inches, and this slight difference may
be disregarded, as it is more than allowed for in the size of the

eets for species. : :

In putting up mosses, there are two plans which are sanctioned
by different botanists. Some, like Prof. A. Gray, attach them to
sheets of the same size as they do other plants. The advantage of
this is, that the sheets will fit into the same pigeon holes as those
containing the phzenogamous plants; the disadvantage 18, that,
Since most mosses are small, a large part of the sheet will often be
wasted room. : ; : ee

Other botanists use smaller sheets for mosses, in which case it is
Well to cut the ordinary genus covers and the sheets for species
into four parts, and this will give a convenient size, and enable
you to use the paper you have on hand. By this plan, ———
smaller pigeon holes or paste-board boxes will be required. Re side
botanist must make his own choice between these two meth ser

Some reader may like to know what quality of paper to se “6
both for covers and sheets. I would say in reply, that I have o

tained my paper recently from Asa L. Shipman & Son, Stationers, ee

25 Chambers St., N. Y., who have samples of the quality of paper —
used by Prof. Gray and Prof. Eaton, kindly furnished ~ ——

latter. %

10. Baeeharis halimifolia, L.,—grows on the edge of salt marsh, vA
side of Thro 2’s Neck, quite its Fort Schuyler ; also rst A rnd
Southern edge of the salt marsh through which the trates
empties into the Hudson. In both places also grow re are i
L., and Helenium autamnale, L. Solidago tenuifolia, Pursh, noes ¥ mes
(2 Several places back from the river, all the way —_ pa ae
to Sing Sing. Helianthus deeapetalus, L., is frequent in te.)

- but by no means as common as in Central New 7 yt
_ Moss, L., either as a scape or otherwise, I have Cie y ae
_ Yarious places in Westchester Co. and on Long Islanc

8

Il. Solidago elliptica, Ait.—John Carey wrote me, years ago, that he J
. found this growing in the Hackensack meadows, near N. Y. :

8. T. Orney, =]

Carex subulata, Michx—John Carey cites in Gray’s Manual, ed. 1,
1848, Long Island. He wrote that Long Island should have —
been Rhode Island. Torrey in N. Y. State Flora, IL, 392, also —
cites “ deep cedar swamps, Long Island” for this species. There

are no specimens in his Herbarium from Long Island: there —

aré from Rhode Island. Is it a LongIsland species? §.T.0. —

Mr. Olney has kindly sent us specimens of Solidago elliptica from ;
Rhode Island, and extends the offer of the like liberality to others —
of the club, as far as his supply of specimens permits. We were —
surprised at the appearance of the leaves, which, without the :
hairiness, have the general aspect of those of S. altissima; the pa
nicle is narrow, like that of S neglecta. Tt has probably been mis- —
taken for the former, and may be found again in this region. We
have Carex subulata from Staten Island.

2, Spirodela—Prof. Hegelmaier writes, in reference to “Dr.
- Engelmann’s full and exact analysis of the American Spirodela it
think it, would be very superfluous on my part to give a descrip- —
tion, which would be in a great measure a mere repetition of his —
words. An article respecting some anatomical details, which can —
not well be treated without a greater lithographic plate, it would 4
perhaps be best to give to the Botanische Zeitung.” y
“In the dried specimens first received, the ovary was always —
1-ovuled, with one exception in which it was 2-ovuled. In the Bpe-
cimens preserved in alcohol, I found almost the half of the ovaries —
2-ovuled. Probably the latter specimens have been collected some —
time after the former ones, and the ovules from some unknown —
cause have failed in the first period of the blossom. [The alcoholi¢ ©
specimens were gathered later, and allowed to mature in the house.]
In one case even a half ripe fruit contained two young but well de-
veloped seeds, and there is little doubt that they were both upot
the point of ripening. It is hardly necessary to remark, that these
facts confirm the opinion already expressed by Dr. E., that the
plant is a depauperated form of S. polyrrhiza.” fie
“The exostome of the ovules does not seem to me to be closed
at the time of blossoming, but to be open as far as in the species
of Lemna whose ovules are anatropous or hemianatropous. Na-
turally, after the fecundation, the outer integument increases quick-
ly so as to close the micropyle. The epidermis of the anthers col-
tains a number of cells filled with the same pigment which occurs
in certain cells of many parts of these plants.
Tiibingen, Jan. 17th, 1871.”

13. Notice to Correspondents—We are in want of rts from Closter
New York, and other quarters. mats we

_ Terms—One dollar for one ; five dolla Pe iti
pict eo, copy ; fi we Sor seven; and half a grad heh cwale

Leeal Herbarium, 3 E. 33d St—Belitor 224 B, 10th St.

sek

Vol. Hl. No.3.) BULLBTIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. [New York, March, 1871.

14, “Herbarium Suggestions.’ —Our friend, Dr. Gray, has kindly sent
me some criticisms and suggestions with regard to the article that
appeared in the last number of the Bulletin, under the above
heading.

_Dr. Gray says: “I intended that my Genus covers should be
sixteen and a half inches long; the paper for species sixteen and
three-eighths. I find that as much difference in Jength as will work
well when the sheets are rather numerous in the same cover, and
when they are shoved—as is usually done—quite back into their
compartments. Your space of one-half inch will all be found in
front, i.e., at the bottom margin. This does not look well, and
the projecting margins are liable to become curled or dog-eared.”

[I have not myself experienced any difficulty of this kind. F. J. B.]

Dr. Gray adds: “Again I find it best to have the Genus covers
first folded in quarter qnires or so, and then trimmed to twelve in-
ches on the front edge. This makes the inner sheets a little
narrower and with a sharper fold on the back,—advantages for
small or monotypic genera, for which I reserve them; while the
outer sheets, by their slightly greater width and the rounded fold
at the back, are adapted for larger genera or sections.” F. J. B.

15. Characee.—For some years I have been much interested in
the study of our Characes, and especially since I have obtained the
beautiful specimens issued by Braun, Rabenhorst, & Sitzenberger,
by means of which I have been enabled to identify some species.
T have received a few from Mr. CO. C. Frost of Brattleboro, Vay
acurately named ; and Mr. Le Roy has given me some specimens
he has picked up. These, with my own collections, make but a
beginning ; and I should he glad to receive these interesting plants
from all parts of the country, especially if collected when in fruit,
<9 male and female plants when, as often, - are yaaoeanyet a

urope as many as differgnt species, including a great number
of varieties, i eit nearly one third of which belong to the -
genus Nitella. I have received great help from Prof. A. Braun of
Berlin, who has named many species for me, and determined one
new and beautiful variety—

1. Nitella acuminata, A. Br., var. subglomerata.—I have gathered at
Morristown, N. J. Prof. Braun says it is not rare in the
warmer parts of the United States, but is not found at all in
Europe.

2, Nitella aia A. Br., var. microcarpa—tI have probably from
New Jersey ; this is not found in Europe. oe

3. Nitella tenuissima, Desv.—was collected by Mr. Le Roy at Peekskill |

on the Hudson.

4, Nitella synearpa, Thuill.—I have received from Mr. Frost of Brat .

tleboro, Vt. : a eee
5. Nitella capitata, Nees ab E.—is quite common 1n the small streams —

on Long Island, appearing in the spring (as in Europe).
6, Nitella flexilis, L.—I ee received from Mr. Frost. The variety
subeapitata I find very abundant in Litchfield Lake, Ct.

10

7. Nitella mucronata, A. Br.—From Mr. Frost.

8. Nitella gracilis, Sm.—From Mr. Frost.

9, Nitella batrachosperma, A. Br.—From Mr. Frost. :

10. Chara coronata, var. Schweinitzii, A. Br—I have gathered in New —
Jersey, and have also received from Mr. Frost. ;

Il, Chara crinita, Wallr.—-I gathered in 1869, in brackish water Mon- —
tauk Point, L. I. I found only female specimens. Prof. Braun
says it has not before been known from America, and that m
Europe the male plants are exceedingly rare and in the Baltic —
sea altogether wanting. He was interested in finding the next
species mixed with it, as they are always associated in Europe.

12. Chara aspera, Willd.—with the last.

13. Chara fragilis, Desv. ( C. vulgaris, L.)—common in Litchfield Lake,
Ct., and in various localities ; sent by Mr. Frost.

M4. Chara gymnopus, var. elegans, A. Br., in litt.—found at Peekskill, —
N. Y., by Mr. Le Roy. Prof. Braun says that it approaches —
the var. trichacantha from Texas, 8S. C., and Florida. T.F.A. —

16. Gnaphalium athette iors Mchx.—I have seen now and then in ©
Westchester Co., but I think not very abundantly. I think it pre-_
fers a barren limestone soil ; at least I have always seen it flourishing —
best in such soil. =
Senecio aureus, L.—not the luxuriant typical form, but two forms —
rather depauperate, one of which I have marked var. Balsamit#,
I have found in considerable quantities on Staten mee e
L Bee.

1j, Judge G. W. Clinton, of Buffalo, had recently occasion to
appeal to the Post Master General in relation to the postage of bo-
tanical specimens, and received the following decision. .

ar. liberal construction of the 222d section of the postal law —
would justify sending Botanical Cuttings at a lower rate of postage —
than letter rates, viz, 2 cents for each four ounces or fraction —
thereof, prepaid by stamps.”

Of course the sender must vouch for their being no manuscript, —
and fasten the bundle by strings, or, if pasted, leave the end open, —
superscribing, ‘‘ Botanical specimens.” s

8. Anthers of Lemn#.—That the two anthers should expand at —
erent times is very natural, as they represent two distinct
flowers ; that I always see: but I was sarprised to find always the
anterior or first stamen developed in my specimens of Spirodela
from Staten Island ; and now, since I learn that they were artifi-
cially raised, I suggest a better explanation than my previous one,
viz, that from want of vitality under the circumstances only oD
the first one, opened. In Lemne collected out of doors, “wild
find sometimes one, sometimes the other fully developed; and,
the second or posterior one is just opening, the other is alway
effate and elongated, a condition which I have never seen in th
Spirodela. _ After shedding pollen the second also elongates, a8
water Callitriches. It will be interesting to find what time in
doe Lip, 4d phaafrre, ped fe 5

11

venes, in fair weather, from the developement of one stamen to
that of the other in Lemne. G. ENGELMANN.
The expression “ artificially raised” is perhaps too strong to ex-
press the condition of plants found to be in a flowering stage and
= in a dish for a few days to allow them to show their blos-
ms. Eps.

19, Exchanges—Chas. Keck, Ems, Upper Austria, desires to ex-
change European for American plants, through the proffered agency
of the Smithsonian Institute.—A. H. Curtiss of Liberty, Virginia,
Wishes to exchaage a large number of species for an equivalent
made up by one or several N. Y. botanists. We have his marked
catalogue.—Dr. I. S, Moyer, of Quakertown, Pa., wants U.S. plants;
we have a partial catalogue.—Jacob Hammond, Victor, N. Y., local.
—E. L. Hankenson, Newark, N. Y., especially Salicacew, Cypera-
cex, and Filices. Dr. Geo. Engelmann, of St. Lous, desires “an
authentic native living plant (or joint) if possible with fruit,” of
our New York Opuntia, or Prickly Pear.

20, To Correspondents.—We are deficient in reports from West-
chester Co., and New Jersey, especially the district between the
Raritan and Ocean. We request the friends of the cause, in all di-
rections, to search out the botanists, and bring them into commu-
nication with us. This year we hope to see a considerable acces-
Sion to the number of our subscribers.

21. Publications received —1. Musci Appalachiani: Tickets of Speci
mens of Mosses collected mostly in the Eastern Part of North America,
by C. F. Ausrim, comprises a number of new species, and one new
genus, Micromitrinm, We hope to hear from the Cryptogamists of
the vicinity. —2. Archives of Science, and Trans. of the Orleans Co.
Soc. of N +. Sci., Newport, Vi., Vol. I, Nos. 1&2. Among the con-
tents are a general notice of the Flora of Vermont, by Prof. George
H. Perkins ; and a list of the Vermont Equisetacex and Filices, by
Chas. C. Frost. Among the ferns, we notice the rare Pella gract-

lis, Hook., and Wuodsia glabella, R. Brown.
22. Spring.— Acer dasycarpum, Ehr., was in full bloom in Brooklyn.
Meh. 13th, cee | Is. M.

23, Solidago elliptica, Ait.—Mr. Olney has kindly sent his duplicates
of this species to Dr. Torrey, for the benefit of the Club. In com-

paring the leaves in shape and texture with those of S. altissima, — &

» We meant not to im
Torr. & Gray.

HIERACIUM, Tourn.—H. Canadense, Mchx.; New Jersey, Closter, Austin; —
Long Island, Union and Woodhaven, Ruger, Glen Cove, Coles; —
Westchester Co., W. H. L.—H. seabrum, Mchx.; N. Y., O.W.M.; ©
common ; but we have no report from Westchester Co. except
_ the general statement in the State Flora, that it is “common
in the vicinity of N. Y.”—IL. Gronovii, L.; common ; but not re-

ply any doubt of its affinity to S. neglecta,

12

ported from N. Y., Westchester, or the Sixth District, between
the Raritan and the Ocean.—H. venosum, L.; common, N. ¥.— |
Hl. paniculatum, L., common ; N. Y. :
NABALUS, Cass.—N, albus, Hook.; common; N. Y., O.W. I; we be- —
. lieve this to be our most usual form, though very few report —
it, perhaps confounding it with the next: Var. Serpentaria; Le —
Roy ; Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.—N. altissimus, Hook.; not un- —
common in rich woods ; N. Y., O. W. J; Central Park, R.é Pj
Glen Cove, Coles ; Chatham, N. J., and Westchester Co., N. ¥.,
W. H. L.—N. Fraseri, DC.; Babylon, L. L., Merriam ; Closter, com- :
mon, Austin; Chatham, common, Bergen Point, South River, —
N. J., W. H. L.: Var. integrifolins ; Long Island, near New York, —
State Flora; Long Hill, N. J., W. H. L.—N, racemosus, Hook.; —
Hackensack meadows; Scarsdale, Westchester Co., J. S. Meriam, —
vid. § 91, Vol. I.; “used to be quite common about Closter, —
have not noticed it of late,” Austin. j

TARAXACUM, Haller.—T, Dens-leonis, Desf.; everywhere ; N. Y.

LACTUCA, Tourn.—t, Canadensis, L.; very common ; N. Y.: Var. integri-
folia, Torr. & Gray ; vicinity of New York, State Flora ; Yonkers,
Pooley ; Kast New York, L. I., Chatham, N. J., W. H. L. : Var.
sanguinea, Torr. & Gray ; vicinity of New York, State Flora.

MULGEDIUM, Cass.—M, acuminatum, DC.; Weehawken, Torr. Cat.; Clo-
ster, common, Austin; Le Roy; near New York, State Flera—
M. lenecopheum, DC.; “In woods near the Little-Falls of the —
Passaic,” Torr. Cat. ‘Common on Long Island,” State Flora; —
Chatham, N. J., abundant, W. H. L. a

SONCHUS, L.—t. oleracens; N. Y., O. W. M.; Morris Co., N. J., Austin; —
Torr. Cat.; cultivated grounds and road sides, 79th St., Kings- —
bridge, Flushing, Hoboken, W. H. L. ; Brooklyn, Merriam.—s —
asper, Vill; N. ¥., O. W. M.; Yonkers, Pooley; Brooklyn, Ho:
boken, Merriam ; New Durham, Astoria, W. H. L.—S, arvensis,
L.; “Banks of the Hudson, Greenwich,” Torr. Cat.; Staten
Island, Long Island, Bergen Point, W. H. L.; Yonkers, Pooley. :

LOBELIACEA.

LOBELIA, L.—L, cardinalis, L.; common; N. Y.; Babylon, L. L., brook |
sides, a beautiful white and flesh colored variety, 1868, Merriam.
—L. syphilitica, L.; common ; N. ¥.—L, inflata, L.; common ; N.
Y¥.—. spicata, Lam.; common ; N. ¥.—L., Nuttallii, Roem. & Sch.;
Long Island, Jamaica, Sheffer in State Flora, Babylon, Merriam; —
New Jersey, South Amboy, &e.—l[, Kalmii, L.; “On the Island
of New York,” Le Conte in Torr. Cat.: not since reported, but
may possibly grow on the caleareous rocks on the North end
of the Island, where Mr. Denslow used to find Camptosorus,
Link.—L, Dortmanna, L.; Rockland Co., Austin. ~ :

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars Sor seven; and half a dollar for every additional
copy, per annum. hey

i

Jocal Herbarium, 3 B. 3d St—Editor 224 B. 10th St.

Vol. HI. No, 4. } BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. [New York, April, 1871,

CAMPANULACEZ.

CAMPANULA, Tourn.—t, rotundifolia, L.; Babylon, L. L, Weehawken,
Merriam ; Palisades, Austin; “on the banks of rivulets among
rocks,” Torr. Cat.; clefts on Hudson R. R. R. between Dobb’s
Ferry and Sing Sing, also on mountain above Nyack, Hall.—
C. aparinoides, Pursh ; not uncommon, though not reported from
N. Y., or the Ocean district of N. J.—, Americana, L.; Le Roy ;
roadsides, Flushing, Allen.—(, rapunculoides, L.; but rather rough
than smooth, is well naturalized on Long Hill, Chatham, N. J.,
W. H. L.—(, Medium, L.; a scape in several places in West-
chester Co. (Greenburgh) and Connecticut, Hall.

SPECULARIA, Heister.—8, perfoliata, A. DC.; common ; N. Y.

ERICACEA.

GAYLUSSACIA, H. B. K.—6, dumosa, Torr. & Gr.; Babylon, L. L, Merriam:
Var. hirtella; Staten Island, Le Roy ; Squam, N. J.. W. A. L.—
Gi, frondosa, Torr. & Gr.; common; N. Y.—@. resinosa, common ;

VACCINIUM, L.—¥, Oxyeoeeus, L.; Otter Pond, Closter, Austin; New
Durham swamp, Torr. Cat.—V. macrocarpon, Ait.; common on
Long Island and in New Jersey; Closter, scarce, Austin ; not
reported from New York, Westchester, or Staten Island.—.
Sstamineum, L.; common in New Jersey, and Westchester Co.;
N. Y., Torr. Cat.; Central Park, R. é P.; not reported from
Staten Island or Long Island.—V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam.; com-
mon, ZJorr. Cat.; Long Island, Glen Cove, Coles, Babylon,
Merriam, &e.; Central Park, R. & P.; scarce about Closter,
Austin ; Staten Island, Hall.—(. vacillans, Solander ; “common
in the vicinity of New York, and along the Hudson,” State
Flora; N. Y., W. H. L.; Central Park, 2. & P.; Staten Island,
W. H. L.; common at Closter, Austin.—l, corymbosum, L.; very
common with its varieties; N. Y: Var. glabrum; Secaucus,
Staten Island: Var. amoenum, Zorr. Cat. ; Staten Island, W. #.
L. : Var. pallidum ; Secaucus, Allen: Var. atrococeum ; abundant in
Secaucus swamp, also on Staten Island, W. H. L.

CHIOGENES, Salisb.—C, hispidula, Torr. & Gray ; Le Roy ; “In the
cedar swamp, New Durham, N. J., Cooper, v. v.” Torr. Cat.

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans.—A. [va-ursi, Spreng.; Palisades, rare, Austin;

Patterson falls, Cooper in Torr. Cat.; Pine barrens of N. Jd.,

Torr. Cat.; Ridgewood aqueduct, near the Jewish cemetery,
r Ruger ; and abundant eastward on L. I. vg ase
PICEA, 1. —E. repens, .; abundant in the sandy woods of N. J. a
it, also tant on Staten Island, and the banks of the Bronx,
vid. §§ 5 and 23, Vol. L.; various places in Westchester Co., Hall.
GAULTHERIA, Kalm.—6. procumbens, L.; common to all our districts,
except perhaps Staten Island; but rare about Closter, and in
Rockland Co., (abundant in South Jersey and Orange Co.,)
Austin ; Canarsie and eastward, L. I., Merriam, Coles ; Inwood,
N. Y., Le Roy ; rose colored variety near Patchogue, L. 1, Hall.

: LEUCOTHOE, Don.—L, racemosa, Gray ; N. Y., Torr. Cat.; Central Park, :

14

R. & P.; L. 1., New Lots, Ruger, Canarsie and east, Merriam, —
Closter, Austin ; New Durham ; Secaucus ; Staten Island. 3
CASSANDRA, Don.—C. calyeulata, Don ; New Jersey, Torr. Cat. ; Se- —
caucus swamp, W. H. L.; peat bogs, Closter etc., abundant In —
South Jersey, Austin ; Babylon and east, L. I :
ANDROMEDA, L.—-A. polifolia, L.; peat bogs, Budd’s Lake, Austin.—A, —
Mariana, L.; N. J., Closter, Austin, S. Amboy, Torr. Cat., Red —
Bank ete.; abundant on Long Island ; Central Park, Rk. P.; |
Staten Island.—A. ligustrina, Mubl.; common; N.Y. . :

CLETHRA, L.—. alnifolia, L.; common ; N. Y.

KALMIA, L.—K, latifolia, L.; common ; N. Y.; not in this immediate
vicinity on Long Island, Ruger ; but abundant a little farther —
east, Coles, Merriam.—K, angustifolia, L.; common, but not re- —

ported from N. Y. ie

AZALEA, L.—A.viseosa,L. ; common; N.Y.—A. nudiflora,L. ; common: N.Y.

RHODODENDRON, L.—R. maximum, L.; New Durham and Secaucus
swamps; Big Swamp, near Chatham, N.J., W. H. L.; Staten —
Island, Torr. Cat.; SouthJersey ; near Babylon, ete.,L.1., StateFlora.

RHODORA, Duhamel.—R. Canadensis, L.; Sam’s Point Mountain, Austin.
{extra-limital ?] :

PYROLA, Tourn.—P. rotundifolia, L.; N. Y.; common.—P, elliptica, Nutt. 4
common ; not reported from N. Y.—P, ehlorantha, Swartz ; Clo- —
ster, Austin.—P, secunda, L.; Closter, Austin ; open sandy w
N. J., Torr. Cat.; about Jamaica pond etc., L. 1., Ruger. |

CHIMAPHILA, Pursh.—C, umbellata, Nutt.; common ; N. Y.—C(. maculata, —
Pursh ; common ; N. Y. :

MONOTROPA, L.—M. uniflora, L.; common; N. Y.—M, Hypopitys, Ls _
common, but New York and Staten Island not reported. 1h@ —
var. rubra grows in the same grounds with the lighter colored —
and smaller form, but springs up much later in the season. —
Mr. Greene, of Frostburg, Md., notices that it has a peculiar —
odor resembling that of Polygala Senega. 3

Pierospora, Nutt., was found by Dr. Mead (State Flora) in a wood
north of Peekskill, rather beyond our limits ; and Schweinitz@, —
ELL, is reported from Long Island, but wants confirmation.

24. Note on Darlingtonia Californiea, by J. Torrey.—It is now more —
than sixteen years since that distinguished botanist, M. Alphonse —
De Candolle, published in the Bibliothéque de Genéve some Te —

marks on the genus Darlingtonia, a translation of which appeared

_in a horticultural journal of Philadelphia. * -
M. De Candolle states that the figure of the plant exhibits @—
character not mentioned by me in the description, and which 18
very remarkable if it be real; that is, if it be not an error of the
draughtsman. The five cells of the ovary are represented as alter-
nate with the sepals; but in Sarracenia, which he had seen living,
the cells of the ovary are opposite the sepals. The artist who
executed the drawing is the well known Mr. Charles Sprague, wh?
-* The Florist and Horticultural Journal, [discontinued.} ee

15

made all the illustrations for Dr. Gray’s Genera of the Plants of
the United States, and in that work the cells of Sarracenia are
correctly represented as opposite the sepals. M. De Candolle asks,
: Has he committed an error in the plate of the Darlingtonia?
‘Considering his usual accuracy, I doubt it. On the other hand, it
“is difficult to believe in contrary symmetries in genera so closely
: allied. I have discovered a similar fact in the family of Campa-
: nulaceze, and it has enabled me to establish several genera, which
ares besides, indicated by their external appearance. The thing,
v then, is not without a parallel, though it is very rare, and should
" be well examined before being admitted. I would, therefore, point
: out to American botanists, and particularly to Dr. Torrey, the
great importance of verifying fig. 1 of Sprague’s plate.”

In making the details of the original drawing, Mr. Sprague had
at his disposal only a single flower of a dried specimen, and it was
not until recently that I have been able to test, in a satisfactory
manner, the accuracy of his analysis. It is known to most of our
botanists, that after waiting many years to see the plant in a living
state, we have, through the kindness of the brothers Messrs. Henry,
who reside near where it grows abundantly in California, and by
the liberality and prompt action of Messrs. Wells, Fargo & Co’s
Express, received fresh living specimens, several of which
have flowered. I am now able to state that a ead ag has shown
‘his usual accuracy” in all the details of his drawing. The cells
of the ovary are alternate with the sepals. Indeed, I have found
scarcely any thing to add or alter, now that we have the living
plant for comparison.

The theoretical structure of the flower of Darlingtonia, we think,
accords with what is actually the case. The stamens are in a single
Series, and are mostly about 15 ia number. If we assume that they
represent only five, each by collateral chorisis increased to three,
they will form a verticil alternating with the petals, so that_ they
will necessarily alternate with the carpels also. In Sarracenia the —
stamens are in a double series, and probably, as in Darlingtonia,
multiplied by chorisis; the two verticils alternating with each other,

So that the carpels, in this view, will be opposite the sepals.
Cotumara Cotter, April 11th, 1871.

45, Broussonetia.— Early in May last I witnessed a remarkable phe-
homenon in connection with the inflorescence of Broussonetia pa-
pyrifera. It was about 9 A. M., and the morning sun was just
coming over the roof of an adjacent house and striking the branch- __
es of the tree, of which the leaves were not yet out, but the catkins
Were fully formed, though unexpanded. As I casually observed th
I was struck by seeing a light cloud, apparently of smoke, floating _

amid the branches. I imagined that it must come from some

Neighboring chimney; but, upon attentive observation, no 8

smoke could be discerned. There was no smoking chimney .

hor, in a city where anthracite is so generally burned, is it ever

-_€asy to find one. : eee ee
e smoke appeared for a moment, drifted away with the wind,

16

and yet reappeared as rapidly as it vanished. I soon saw that it
- arose from no foreign source, but was connected with the tree it-
self; for two or three small clouds would suddenly appear in —
nearly as many different parts of the tree at nearly the same mo ~
ment; and as each would be driven off and dispersed a new one ~
would appear elsewhere. These puffs of smoke were all of nearly —
uniform size, each perhaps as large as that which is made by the —
lighting of a lucifer match. They were entirely confined to the —
tree, not a particle being visible beyond its outline, and appeared —
throughout its whole extent.

I watched the phenomenon for some time, till I became entirely
satisfied that the seeming smoke really proceeded from the tree it —
self, and that it could be nothing else than the pollen, from the —
catkins which opened with a sudden explosion in the rays of the sun. —

The phenomenon continued in full activity as-long as I was ab
liberty to observe it, and when I was obliged to leave the spot, after —
some ten minutes of observation, the process was still going OD, —
two or three of the little puffs constantly appearing in widely se-
parated branches at every instant. B..N. Magrin. —

96. Presses.—I have been interested in your remarks on the size of
holders ete. They were very opportune. I am satisfied that we
should have more herbariums, if young collectors had more 1s
truction on this subject. -

I have often thought of describing my press. I have used the —
lever and the screw press both, and prefer the one I have now t0 —
either: it consists of two pieces of pine boards, 12 = 17 inches, an —
half a dozen stones, weighing from 5 to 10 Ibs. each. The advan-—
tage of this simple contrivance is, that it is cheap and within the —
means and ingenuity of any one, and that it constantly acts by
force of gravity. 2

I have besides } dozen pieces of Binder’s Boards, well painted, to —
put between fresh and partly cured plants. Several presses can be —
substituted, or bits. of board can be used instead of Binders —
Boards, when cheapness is an object. ‘

I make pads or driers by cutting newspapers to the size of the —
boards of the press, and fastening 8 thicknesses together by stitch-
ing the corners with strong thread. O. R. Wrx11s, White Plains. —

27. Cerastium vulgatum, L.—grows sparingly on the rocks on the :
Westchester side of Harlem River, east of McComb’s Bridge.

98, Exchanges—A correspondent in England wishes to exchange

mosses and marine alge. It seems that packets can be sent by
book post at a moderate charge. -

29, Note Books.—Always take a note book on a botanical excursion.

Many observations may thus be presefved which would lose their
value if trusted to uncertain memory. eee

Terms—One dollar for one copy; five dollars for seven; and half a dollar ‘for every additional
copy, per annum. : j :

- - Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St—Rditor, 224, B. 10th St.

Vol. II. No. 5.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, [New York, May, 1871,

30. Herbarium Suggestions—No. 2. Cases for specimens.—Fire-proot
apartments and cases fixed to the walls are usually attainable only
by Colleges and other public institutions ; although, to their shame
be it said, they are often too penurious to provide such necessary
protection to invaluable collections, that, once destroyed, could
never be replaced.

The amateur botanist must be content with humbler accommo-
dations. In ordering the cases to contain his collection, he has to
determine the material of which they are to be made, their external
dimensions, the number and size of the compartments, ete. ; bearing
in mind that they should not be so large and unwieldy that they
cannot readily be moved if necessity requires ; that they should be
of such a shape that others may be added to their number as his
collection increases ; and that the compartments should be within
oes reach of the hand and properly adapted to the size of his
sheets.

After trying cases of different forms and sizes, my own experience ;
leads me to recommend the following dimensions, which are parti-
cularly adapted to the genus-covers previously suggested, Viz. :

/2/ 18>< 26 inches, but which will answer for sheets smaller in either
_¢ direction by about an inch. ;

Material.—Black walnut externally, one inch in thickness and —
well-seasoned. Internally, pine or other light wood. :

External dimensions.—Width, four feet, six inches. Height, three
feet, seven and a half inches. ‘ Depth, twenty-one inches.

Internal arrangement.—Depth in the clear, niaeteen inches.

Four series of compartments, side to side, of twelve each ; forty-
eight compartments to each case ——- : ‘

. Each compartment twelve and six-tenths inches wide, and three
inches high.

Doors.—Two in number, meeting in the centre ; each three feet,
five and a half inches high by two feet, two and a half inches wide,
and panelled. .

It will be a great convenience to have each shelf cut out at its
centre in a semi-lunar form, so as to facilitate raising the sheets —
above it between the fingers.

If two of these cases be placed one upon the other, the upper
compartments of the higher one will still be within reach by ste
ping upon an ordinary chair. Any greater height requiring the
use of a step ladder is better avoided, for obvious reasons. | ae

The height, above recommended, of each compartment, viz., thr
inches, is less than that usually adopted in large herbaria, in which
five inches are about the common standard ; but for herbaria of
moderate size, I think the former measurement preferable, to avoid
crowding a number of small natural families together. York

A case like the above will cost, at the present time, mn ‘aged

_ City, about forty-five dollars, but can doubtless be made Sohne. a
in the country. About five dollars will be saved by — J aed ve
Ci mata = i, Golesiod this a. clas ca
31. Viola rostrata, Pursh.—We recently detectea ec

_ & rocky glen among the hills back of South Orange, - ~ se Ss

18

particularly abundant about the foot of what is called Hemlock
Falls, where Mitella dephylla, L., also abounds. This makes the
twelfth violet in our catalogue, not counting the varieties. Of the
latter we sought in rain this season in the locality indicated by
Mr. Hall, Vol. I. § 49, for the white and bicolor varieties of V. pe--
data, L., but found the variegated V. cucullata abundant. A longer
search might have revealed the others. The long beak of V. rostrata
is very remarkable, being fully twice as long as the petals. Would
that some naturalist would discover what moth or other insect is
required to sound the depths of this deep nectary, amd whose com-
parative rarity must be the occasion of the rarity of this species,
which, we understand is abundant in the interior of the state.

While speaking of Violets, we may mention that our attention
has been called this spring to the fragrance of V. blanda. We
gathered many flowers of this sweet smelling species which seemed
quite devoid of odor ; whereas, on the other hand, we thought we
discovered a faint fragrance in V. lanceolata, none at all in V. primu-
leefolia. We should like to learn the experience of others on this sub-
ject. V. tricolor, var. arvensis, was very abundant this May on the rocks
back of Weehawken ferry ‘overlooking the Hackensack meadows. :

32. I have just received a letter from Rev. Dr. Shoop, now at
Augusta, Michigan, who sends me a specimen of Corydalis flavula, _
Raf., with the remark “TI found it first along the Mich. C. R. R. track,
“four specimens of it, but it did not appear to be established, but
“rather a new comer, whose hold was slight and existence preca-
“rious. I afterwards found one specimen in the woods. I send
“you a specimen in this. This is the whole plant I found in the
“woods, except the root and root leaves.” The particularly curious
thing about the specimens is their size. The one Mr. Shoop sends
me is, by exact measurement, 2 36-100 inches in extreme height,
and 4-5 of an inch in its widest spread. It has two blossoms.

Mr. Shoop also has some remarks about the early spring which _
may be worth mentioning: “ Acer dasycarpum in flower on 11th _
March, Erigenia bulbosa in flower on the 21st March, and heard of |
its being found by others in flower several days earlier. Eight —
plants in flower in March, and 46 by the 1st of May.” His climate
is much colder than ours : about the latitude of Albany. I. H. H.

33. Utrieularia minor, L.—Mr. Merriam informs me that Mr. G. B.
Brainerd has gathered what he considers to be this plant from _
small pools near the shore at New Lots, L. I. Iam pretty confi-
_ dent that I gathered it many years since on the shore of a.small —
pond between South Brooklyn and Flatbush. This was late in the
season, and I lost the specimens on the way home, so that I was
unable to give it a close examination, and had no opportunity for —
_ revisiting the spot that year. I have never been able to find the -

_ plant since. W. i 2
34, Extra-limital—Mr. Austin writes that he has found @ratiola —
sp , Ell., in Cape May Co., N. J.; also, in South Jersey,
Rien es een Utricularia subulata, 1., also grows a

e Jersey pine barrens. me, or to be-
lonked for within cule og oe tae

19

DIAPENSIACE.
- -PYXIDANTHERA, Mchx.—P, barbulata, Mchx.; South Amboy, ete.

AQUIFOLIACEZ.

ILEX, L.—I. opaca, Ait.; Kingsbridge, N. Y., State Flora; Flatbush,
Glen Cove ete., L. 1; Sandy parts of N. J., Redbank ete.;
Sandy Hook, Ruger.—I. verticillata, Gray ; common ; N. Y.—I.
levigata, Gray ; Central Park, R. dé P. ; Long Island, Canarsie
to Babylon, Merriam; Secaucus swamp; Staten Island ;
Chatham, N. J. ; not at Closter, but commoo in South Jersey,
Austin.—l. glabra, Gray; Long Island, sandy woods, Canarsie
to Babylon, Merriam ; Staten Island, W. H. L. ; Secaucus and
New Durham swamps ; sandy parts of N. J.

NEMOPANTHES, Raf.—N. Canadensis, DC.; Hackensack swamps; Blue
Point, L. I., Hall.

EBENACEZ.

DIOSPYROS, L.—D. Virginiana, L.; southern part of state, State Flora ;
West Farms, Chatham, N. J., Bergen Point, W. H. L.; Glen
Cove, Coles; common neor White House on N. J. Central R.

R., and in South Jersey, Austin.

PLANTAGINACEZ.

PLANTAGO, L.—P. major, L.; very common; N. Y.—P, cordata, Lam. ;
“Tn a swamp near Clark’s woods, 3 miles from the city, Torr.
Cat.; Manhattanville, State Flora.—?, maritima, L.: Var. juncoides ;
common in salt marshes ; N. Y.—P. lanceolata, L.; very common;
N. Y.—P. Virginiea, L.; Patterson, Red Bank, N. J., W. Ht, 44}
Closter, Austin; Hudson City, Ruger; N. ¥.—P. pusilla, Nutt. ;
Bloomingdale, State Flora; Break-neck Hill, 8th Ave., 0. We
M.; Ravenswood, L. I., Allen; Ocean Co., N. J., Austin. :

PLUMBAGINACE®.
STATICE, Tourn.—S, Limonium, L.: Var. Caroliniana; common in salt
marshes ; N. Y.

PRIMULACES.

TRIENTALIS, L.—T. Americana, Pursh; —— rare — r, _
LYSIMACHIA, Tourn.—L, thyrsiflora, L.; in salt marshes near N. 1.,
Pursh . ie Se hbase Glen Cove, Coles.—L, stricta, Ait. ;

oon : : "y.
common ; N. Y.—I, quadrifolia, L.; common ; probably on N
Island, though not reported.—l. vulgaris, L.; ee =
and near Flatlands road, L. I, Ruger, and near - oop gt
H. L.—t, ciliata, L.; common; N. Y.—1. lanceolata, t3 So
rare at Closter, Austin ; Staten Island ; Yonkers, —- 7 _
hybrida; Newark meadows, Torr. Cat.—1, nummularia, L.; 0.

gardens; 152nd St. next to Trinity cemetery ; road sides, Staten
Island, Peckskill, W. H. L.; Tarrytown, Hall. Seat -
ANAGALLIS, 'Tourn.—A. arvensis, L.; not uncommon, parr. |
moe soil ; N. Y.; occasional about Brooklyn, Se _—
finely in the white sand at Ocean port, N. J., Huger; — :
west end of Erie tunnel, Austin. oe ‘

20

SAMOLUS, L.—S. Valerandi, L.: Var. Americanus, Gray ; common ; N.Y.

~ -HOTTONIA, L.—Il- inflata, Ell.; Closter, common, Austin; Fort Lee, —
W. H. L.; Westchester Co., Mead in State Flora.

LENTIBULACEZ. :

UTRICULARIA, L.—t. inflata, Wait.; stagnant waters in N. J., Eddy in
Torr. Cat.; Ponds on Long Island, State Flora.—. vulgaris, L.:
Var. Americana; common.—t, minor, L.; probably on L. L., vid.
§ 33.—V, clandestina, Nutt.; Tottenville, Staten Island, W. HL. |
—l. intermedia, Hayne ; Closter, common, Austin.—l. striata, Le
Conte; N. Y., Le Conte; L.1., Willis, both in State Flora—l. —
gibba, L.; Closter, common, Austin; near the Passaic at Wood-
side, W. H. L.; Woodhaven, L. L., Ruger ; East Hampton, Allen;
West Hampton, Merriam.—l. purpurea, Walt.; near N. Y. in N.
J., State Flora ; in small ponds back of Ridgewood Cemetery,
L. L, covering the water in masses resembling blue violets, Ir. 3
G. B. Brainerd.—\, cornuta, Michx.; Centreville, L. L, terminus :
of Centreville Ave., Ruger ; L. L., Hall. a8

BIGNONIACEZ.
TECOMA, Juss.—T. radicans, Juss.; well established on the south shore
of Staten Island, W. A. L.
CATALPA, Scop., Walt.—t. bignonioides, Walt.; common in cultivation;

Central Park, R. d P.; spontaneous in many parts of L. lL,
Merriam. ;

OROBANCHACE.
EPIPHEGUS, Nutt.—E. Virginiana, Bart.; common.
CONOPHOLIS, Wallroth.—t. Americana, Wallroth ; Bloomingdale, Lo
- Island ete., Torr. Cat.; Bergen Point and Chatham, N. J., W-
H. L.; Closter, common, Austin,

APHYLLON, Mitchell.—A, uniflorum, Torr. & Gray; not uncommon ; N.Y.

SCROPHULARIACE A. :

VERBASCUM, L.—V. Thapsus, L.; very common ; N. Y.—Y, Blattaria, L.3
very common, both colors; N. Y. i
LINARIA, Tourn.—t,, Canadensis, Spreng.: common ; N. Y.—L. vulgaris,
Mill.; too common ; N. Y.; the Peloria form at Gravesend, L-

L, W. H. L.; found by W. R. Gerard at Poughkeepsie, in 1868,
with two, three, and five spurs.—L, genistifolia, Mill.; used to be
found in the upper part of N. Y., but the station has long bee2
destroyed ; a single specimen was gathered years ago in South
Brooklyn, and Mr. Caverley. communicated to Dr. Allen a spe
cimen from Queens Co., where it may perhaps be rediscovered.
enact oo Tourn.—, nodosa, L.; common; N. Y.; searce at Closter,

ustin.

CHELONE, Tourn.—(. glabra, L.; common me eS

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven 3 and half a dollar for every additional
copy, per annum. ; ie

Local Herbarium, 3, B, 33d St—LBaitor, 224, B. 10th St,

ee ee

Vol. II. No. 6. } BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. — [New York, June, 1871,

PENTSTEMON, Mitchell—P, pubescens, Solander; Brooklyn, Allen ;
abundant near Pompton ; Preakness, Fischer ; Palisades ; Yon-
kers, Pooley; Closter, Austin ; along Central R. R. of N. J.,
Bergen Point, W. H. L.

MIMULUS, L.—M. ringens, L.; common ; N. Y.—4. alatus, Ait. ; Blooming-
dale, Torr. Cat.; and not uncommon, though less abundant
than the former ; my impression is that it prefers wetter situa-
tions, W. H. L.

GRATIOLA, L.—-G. Virginiana, L.; common; N. ¥.—G. aurea, Mubl.;
abundant in sandy swamps, L. I.; New Jersey, Zorr. Cat.

ILYSANTHES, Raf.—I, gratioloides, Benth.; common ; N. Y.

LIMOSELLA, L.—t1. aquatica, L.:. Var. tennifolia, Hoffm.; Long Branch,
Torr. Cat.; Passaic River, Woodside ete. ; Peekskill ; New Bridge,
_N. J., Austin.

VERONICA, L.—V, Virginica, L.; not uncommon ; L. L., near Greenpoint,
and at Richmond Hill, 8. S. R. R., Ruger; Staten Island ;
Chatham, N. J.; Peekskill ; on Staten Island it grows finely in
brackish swamps, also in wet meadows at Chatham, N. J., W. H.
L.—}, Anagallis, L.; creeks and ditches, N. Y., Torr. Cat.; along
the Erie R. R., from Piermont to Sufferns, very common also
in Orange Co., but does not occur about Closter, Austin ; N.
R. R. of N. J., Tappan, W. H. L.; Nyack, Merriam.—\. Americana,
Schweinitz ; common on L. L., Ruger ; Yonkers, Pooley ; Nyack,
Merriam ; Palisades ; Closter, common, Austin ; Chatham, N.J.;
N. Y.—J, sentellata, L.; rather common ; New Jersey ; Staten
Island ; Connecticut, Ruger.—V. officinalis, L.; common ; but
scarce about Closter, Austin ; N. Y.—V. serpyllifolia, L.; common;
N. Y.—Y, peregrina, L.; common ; N. Y.—V, arvensis, L.; common;
N. Y.—V. agrestis, L.; gravelly fields, Zorr. Cat.; Brooklyn,
Merriam.-—\, hederefolia, L.; Brooklyn, State Flora ; abundant on
Palisades.

GERARDIA, L.—6. urpurea, L.; common; N. Y.—t, maritima, Raf. ;
_ common ; N. eG, tenuifolia, Vahl ; common ; N. Y.; white var.
at South Amboy.—f, flava, L. partly ; common ; N. Y.—4, quer-
cifolia, Pursh ; Harlem River, N. Y., W. |S og Morristown, N.
J., W. H. L.; Closter, common, Austin ; Furman’s Island, Lei;
Ruger.—f, integrifolia, Gray ; N. J., Austin.—t pedieularia, L.;
Long Island ; Staten Island ; N. B He Hohokus, .J., rare, but -
common in Orange Co., Austin.

CASTILLEIA, Mutis.—C. coceinea, Spreng.; Astoria, W. 7. L.; Glen Cove,

Coles; in boggy meadows, Torr. Cat.; Staten Island, Le Roy;
Closter, common, Austin ; Chatham, W. HL. ee eke

PEDICULARIS, Tourn.—P. Canadensis, L.; common ; N. ¥.—P, laneeolata,
Mehx.; Maspeth, L. I, Ruger; Astoria, W. 2 L.; Brooklyn, —
and Hackensack meadows, Torr. Cat.; Closter, common, = gg ee
Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.; not uncommon in Westchester si

——ABLAMPYRUM, Tourn.—M, Americanum, Michx.; common 5N. Yo

22

ACANTHACEZ.
DIANTHERA, Gronov.—D. Americana, L.; Staten Island, Le Roy.

VERBENACEZ.

VERBENA, L.—Y, angustifolia, Mchx.; Hoboken, Torr. Cat.; abundantat
Passaic Falls, Merriam; Canarsie, rare on L. I., Merriam; Closter, —
common, Austin; Red Bank, N. J., W. H. L.; Long Branch, —
Ruger ; N. Y., State Flora.—y, hastata, L.; common; N. ¥.;
Closter, scarce, Austin.—V, urticifolia, L.; common; N. y.—I. 3
stricta, Vent.; Le Roy; Central Park, R. & P.—V. officinalis, L.;
“Borders of fields about Bergen, N. J.,” Torr. Cat.; Barrens of
N. J., and Suffolk Co., L. L, W. H. L.; suburbs of N. Y., State
Flora.

PHYRMA, L.—P, Lepeeeoenhs L.; common ; N. Y.;not common on the —
south side of Long Island, Merriam.

3). Note on Hottonia inflata, Ell—This is a rare plant in the neigh-
borhood of New York. The nearest place to the city in which I
have observed it is near Bull’s Ferry, in a swamp on the road-side,
about five miles from Hoboken. From no part of the State of New
York have I received it, except from West Chester County, where it
occurs in several ponds : but Mr. Vasey has found it near Dexter,

ee ae the corolla does not open,
Stamens and pistil being closely shut in, and the anthers being 4
stigma. ee

Columbia College, New York, June 6, 1871.

36. Notes by J. 8. Merriam.—1 lately found within the
Prospect Park, but in a portion not yet improved (?)— eos

23

Ranunculus multifidus, Pursh, growing in abundance. It is in a
small pond to the west of the main drive, and a short distance south
of the late residence of Mr. Litchfield.

_ Nasturtium Sylvestre, R. Br., grows on the border of the same pond
in great luxuriance, and there is enough for all the herbariums in
the country.

Arethusa bulbosa, L., can be found in the marshes of New Lots,
about a mile south-east from East New York.

Pogonia verticillata, Nutt., was brought to me by Mr. G. B. Brain-
erd, also from New Lots, but gathered in the woods a little south-
east from the Ridgewood engine-house.

Archemora rigida, DC., I observe was not reported in the Bulletin,
from Long Island. It grows from Babylon along the south shore
of the Island to Canarsie.

Can you tell me where I can find in this vicinity Acer macrophyl-
lum, or A. circinatum? A. campestre, the only maple indigenous to
England, I was very glad lately to find in Central Park.

A friend tells me that on a recent R. R. trip in Massachusetts,
he saw the boys enter the cars with bunches of Arethusa bulbosa for
sale at 10 cents a bunch.

J. S. M., 327, Clermont Ave., Brooklyn, June 13.

37. Notes by M. Ruger.—Oeranium pusillum, L., Maspeth, on Cooper
Ave., south of the old Flushing Rail Road ; and Locust Ave., near
South Side R. R.

Sedum ternatum, Mchx., grassy bank near West Flushing.

Chenopodium glaucum, L.., grows in Flatbush, along East New York
Ave. At the entrance to the “piggery,” opposite the rear of Flat-
bush Hospital, it grows in abundance.

38. Notes by Rev. 8. Lockwood—Last June, I discovered and gather-
ed fine specimens of Helonias bullata, L., near Freehold, N. J.; also in
October, 1869, I found and collected beautiful specimens In fruit of
the Climbing Fern, Lygodium palmatum, Swartz. These last were
not very far from Keyport, N. J. S. L., Freehold, N. J., June 5th.

39. Notes by I. Coles.—I collected a specimen of Viola pedata, Var.
alba, in Suffolk Co., this spring. The variety with two k purple
petals and yellowish eye or centre grows quite plentifuly some six
miles south of this place. I also found, this spring, for the first

time, the Trillium erectum, L., in a swamp about three miles east of
Glen Cov ee L C., Glen Cove, June 12th.

40. Notes by I. H. Hall.—Plantago Virginica, L., I have found in some
considerable quantity at Weehawken ; also some at High Bridge in
Westchester County ; also at East Chester, and in Connecticut.

al

Lysimachia thyrsiflora, L., in fresh water at, or near Hall’s Corners, —

between Tarrytown and White Plains, and I have an indistinct im-
pression that I found it elsewhere in t
Norwalk, Connecticut. (It is common enough in Central N. Y.

Anagallis arvensis, L., I have found very common mm East Chester an

on Throg’s Neck, and places near ; and quite as often by the dusty
roadside as anywhere else. It grows in such places frequently from
New York as far East as I have been, and also as far along New

the vicinity. Also at South

24

Jersey as I have been. At Long Branch it is fine and plenty. I
have seen a spontaneous Catalpa or two on Staten Island, and a
number in Westchester County. The roadsides near Throg’s Neck
are frequently set with Catalpas for shade—many of which trees are
very oldindeed. By the way the finest Copper Beech, probably, m
the country, grows at Throg’s Neck, on the grounds of Mr, Van
Schaick. It is enormous in size, very beautiful and graceful in
shape, of charmingly colored foliage. I do not know its dimensions
or its age ; but I think the diameter of the trunk at the height ofa
man’s head must be six feet. If you are ever up there, it is worth
visiting and measuring. I. H. H., 36 Pine St., May 31st.

4i, Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. & Gray.—Mr. E. S. Miller, of
Wading River, L. I, has sent us a variety of this plant with petals
colored red. The specimen sent was gathered in Massachusetts m
1867, but Mr. M. has observed a similar coloring this spring @
plants on Long Island.

42, Viola rostrata, Pursh.—A friend suggests that no insect wi
long proboscis is needed to fertilize this flower, and sends us
cimens of Dicentra spectabilis with the spurs slit by the Humbleb
to get at the Nectar. We have observed the same operation 1°
ease of the Lilac, but both these plants are exotics, and the be
and the flowers have not been developed in adaptation to each
other. We suppose that some night flying moth with suitable p
boscis feeds on the honey of this violet, and that the rarity of
moth in this district occasions the rarity of the flower. The seed
capsules we noticed were not as well developed as in other more
common violets.

43. New Stations —Galium boreale, L., and Phlox pilosa, L.; grow free
ly just back of the brick-yard near Chatham Station, on the Mortis
and Essex R. R.—Kalmia latifolia, L., in the woods on the Coney Is
land Horse R. R., along with the varieties of violet referred to
the last number.—Rosa micrantha, Smith, seems abundant along t
roads about Yonkers.

44, Erratuni—In last No., § 30, Herbarium suggestions, line
for “18 >< 20,” read “18 >< 12,” for size of compartments. ~

45, _Aspidium fragrans, Swartz.—In Vol. I., page 432 of the “Ame
rican Naturalist,” (well deserving of its name,) Mr. H. Willey
ports finding this species at Berlin Falls, N. H. We recur to t
discovery now, when the season approaches for excursions to ©
mountainous region in the north of this state, in hopes that, by
recting attention to it, we may lead some of our friends to detect
within our borders. A correspondent wrote us last winter, tha
friend had found a fragrant fern last summer in New Russia, Es
Co. We did not learn that any specimens had been presei ved.

hope our correspondent will be able to get more precise inform
on the subject this year, and, if possible, procure us a i

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven ; and halfea dollar for every
copy, per annum. ‘ ae See

“Toca eriariam, 8, B 384 St—Liitor, 24, Both St.

» Vol. H. No. 7.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTAMOAL CLUB. {New York, July, 1871.

46, Silene inflata, Smith ; Cueubalus Behen, L.—This species of Silene
presents an interesting case Of dimorphism. It produces two kinds
of flowers on different plants, both of which are fertile, but with
the peculiarity that one of the forms is pistillate only.

Tn the latter the styles, which are usually tipped with pink, pro-
trude at an early stage of the flower, and finally attain nearly
double the length of the calyx. The petals and calyx are smaller
than in the other form, the latter more exactly ovate, as Linnzeus
describes it, and its color, whether green or mottled, is duller. The
base of the styles forms a disk on the top of the ovary in both cases,
but in the pistillate plant this is more prominent, giving it when
mature an elongated ovate form, whereas that of the staminate plant
18 more exactly ovate, just the opposite to the relation of the calyces.
It is this disk which splits into the six teeth by which the capsule
opens. The number of styles is commonly three; in three cases,
however, I found four styles, and once, only two. If we open the
calyx of a well advanced flower, we find the ovary surrounded to
about half its height by ten abortive stamens, but at an early stage
of the flower these stamens will be found to be perfectly formed.
As the pistil must be fertilized from without, we may suppose, with
Darwin, that it matures vigorously and exhausts the support which
would otherwise go to the stamens ; whether they have a hereditary
taint, I am unable to state, but it is probable ; the point might be
determined by destroying the styles at their first appearance.
Gartner, as quoted by Darwin (Plants & Animals under Domestica-
tion, paye 166, Eng. ed. ), ascribes such tabescence in Silene to an in-
herent tendency to become dicecious. I have not had the original
to consult. Let us hope that some day New York may possess &
Botanical Library : we have a fine foundation in Dr. Torrey’s.

In the other form of flower there are ten stamens and three
styles. The five outer stamens, alternating with the petals, are the
first to elongate, and when the petals open attain the length of the
styles in the flower which is pistillate only, and then open and dis-
charge their pollen. At this stage of the flower the five inner
stamens, which are opposite to and adhere by their bases to the
claws of the petals, occupy with the styles of the same length the
throat of the corolla. They do not, however, seem to discharge
their pollen, till they and the styles have overtaken the other an-
thers. The anthers are attached by a point only, are introverse,
and soon drop off, whether by the action of the wind or insects.
The split of the anthers and the tops of the filaments are usually

pinkis |
color which it afterwards in a great measure loses ; the ovary of the

h ; in the majority of cases the young ovary is a deep pink, a

pistillate form is generally green, but I have seen the cases reversed.

The calyx of the staminate flowers is generally readily distinguished ne

by a brighter pink. : aes i e

Except in es the bi-lobed petals of both kind of flowers |

nearly alike, perhaps the shoulders of the claws sablnat a3 re

form are broader in proportion, and the claws in ome Oe toe. ae
tals, present-

ialf opened fomarethe cave overlap in font ofthe pal presents

-L, in 1868, and whic

x was at ‘., wn

and in order the better to examine the ovary,

27

search I found the fruit, and, at last, one withered and dried bell
which had not fallen. There was no longer a doubt as to this plant
at least ; and, in the study I gave it there in the woods, it was easy
to see what had occasioned it as to the specimen from Babylon.
That consisted of the ends of. the summer runners only. I com-
pared the plants on my return, and was fully convinced there could
be no mistake. :

I determined, therefore, to go to Babylon and see if I could find
the plant, knowing nearly the locality in which I had found it
three years ago. I went yesterday. The locality was considerably
changed by the cutting away of the woods along the rail-road
(South Side R. R.). I hunted for three hours the place over ; in
the wood and out of it; around the stumps, under the brush and
bushes, in the sun and in the shade. When I failed to find it, I took

a new departure” where it seemed to have been, with no better
success. I found plenty of Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Chimaphila um-
bellata and C. maculata, Gaultheria procumbens, and Cypripedium
acaule—but no Linnwa. I had at length about abandoned all hope
of it, and concluded that it had died out with the cutting away of
the woods, when I struck upon a few scattered plants. You may
imagine my satisfaction! Down on my knees I went, and searched
for the fruit like a miner for nuggets. Istruck upon the little forked
scapes—but no fruit. I soon, however, traced it to the bed where it
has taken possession of the ground, like Nepeta Glechoma, almost to
the exclusion of all other plants. It covers a space 50 feet square, and,
of course, there I found the fruit, and, at last, under some bushes,
in the shade, one little scape with its two beautiful, blushing bells, —
fresh and fragant, rewarded my seare
_ I mention this, not only because I think you may feel a personal
interest in the finding, but as showing how very local a plant may
be, for Dr. Torrey thinks it has never been sven elsewhere on the is-
land, and even in the New Durham swamp it is supposed to have
been placed by Michaux. It gives hope, also, that we may yet find
Corema Conradii, Clitoria Mariana, and some other plants which
were long ago reported, but have not since been found on the is-
land. They will be met with only by long search, or be come upon
by accident. Knowing, as I thought, just where to find this, I
hunted three hours for it, and was about giving up the search, when

I fell upon it.
It is about 70 feet north of the rail-road and 900 feet east of the
e. July 14th, J. S.M.

_ 48. Tetramerism in Tradeseantia —Early

in June, I noticed with much

interest a fourparted flower on a bush of Tradescantia Virginica, in

my little city garden. The bush w
a ge rely: I pressed this flower at once,

as very vigorous, and bearing
and then began to watch
onthe bush;

( ore. About a week later, ano P. allowed this one to

- -Yemain two or three weeks. Both these flowers had four sepals,
_ four petals, and eight stamens, a perfect example of tetramerism, as
_ far as the hence Tiles I could not judge of in the

but, on examining the other when it had |

28

found two of the typical three cells well developed, and each con- —
taining one large ovule. The third cell was dwarfed, and had two —
ovules certainly, of small size : there may have been other rudimen- —
tary ones, but not distinct enough to be made out with a good j
magnifying glass. I had hoped to find four cells, so as to have the :
tetramerism quite complete ; but in this expectation I was disap- —
pointed, partially at least. 1
The incident is perhaps worth recording, as the spiderwort is —
usually such a regular and typical trimerous flower.
D. S. Marrix, 236, W. 4th St., July 12th.

4), Aspidium fragrans, Swartz,—does grow in our state. ‘Two years —
ago I found a few specimens of it on the rocky precipices at Lake —
Avalanche in Essex County. It is not improbable, therefore, that Ee
it occurs at New Russia. a

I intend visiting the Adirondack region again soon, and hope to
find more of it. Woodsia glabella, R. Brown, another rare fern with :
us, also occurs there. Cuas. H. Peck, Albany, July 6th

50. New Stations —gopodium podagraria, L., seems to be pretty well —
established at Gutlehbene hoe strictum, Ait., and Erigeron Philadel-

phicum. L., grow on Long Hill, N. J.—Dr. Pooley has sent us Dios-
pyros Virginiana, L., from Yonkers.—We gathered in a swampy
meadow at New Lots, in May, what we take to be Rhyneospora fasta,

Rem. & Schultes. We have little doubt of its identity though the —
plant was only in flower. .

51. Corrigenda.—§ 38, read “Fern” for “Form ”: § 3, read “ plenti- a
fully ”. 3

LABIAT &.
TEUCRIUM, L.—T. Canadense, L.; common along shores ; N. Y.
TRICHOSTEMA, L.—T, dichotomum, L.; common ; N. Y,

MENTHA, L.—M. rotundifolia, L.; Bloomfield, N. J., and near Hudsor
Station, N. R. R. of N. J., W. A. L.—M. viridis, L.; common.—
M. piperita, L.; less common, but not rare ; these two mints are
not reported from N. Y. Island, but probably grow there—I
aquatica, L.: Var. erispa, Benth.; near Greenwood Cemetery 0B
Coney Island R. R.; Pamrapo, on Bergen Point; and near
Lake Mohegan, Westchester Co.; also in Orange Co. It is sin-
gular that this well marked variety, which seems not uncom-—
mon, should not have been noticed before. W. H L—M Ca-
nadensis, L.; common ; N. Y.: Var. glabrata, Benth. ; “wet meadows,
among bushes,” Torr. Cat.; New Jersey, W. H. L.—M. arvensis,
L., and M. sativa, L., are also reported, but with more or less of
uncertainty, and are probably not established. 2

LYCOPUS, L.—L. Virginiens, L.: Var. macrophyllus ; common ; N.Y.; plant
intensely bitter, Austin ; less common than the next, and not
reported from Long Island, yet probably grows there.—lL. St
nuatus, Ell.; common ; N. Y.

.

Terms—One dolar for one

copy ; five dollars for seven; and half a dollar for every additional
copy, per annum, aes

local Herbarium, 3, B 33d St—Rditor, 224, B. 10th St.

Vol. H. No. 8.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, — [New York, August, 1971. |

PERILLA, L.—P, ocimoides, L.: Var. erispa ; Train’s Meadow road, L. L,
Ruger; also escaped to road side near Huguenot, S. I, but can
hardly be considered as established there, W. H. L.; Peekskill,
Le Roy.

CUNILA, L.—C. Mariana, L.; Staten Island and Weehawken, Zorr.Cat.;
Palisades, rare near Closter, Austin; Snake Hill, etc. N. J.;
Glen Cove, Coles ; not uncommon in Westchester Co.

PYCNANTHEMUM, Mchx.—P, ineanum, Mchx.; Manhattanville, Zorr. Cat.;
Yonkers, Pooley; Palisades ; Closter, common, Austin ; Long
Hill, N. J., W. H. L.; Suffolk Co., L. 1, W. H. L. ; common in
southern part of the State, State Flora.—P, elinopodioides, Torr. &
Gray ; Closter, common, Austin; Kingsbridge, State Flora ;
Tarrytown, Hall; Inwood, Denslow; Central Park, &. & P.—
P. Torreyi, Benth.; Palisades, Austin ; Kingsbridge, State Flora ;
Inwood, Denslow—P., muticum, Pers.; Weehawken, Torr. Cat.;
Long Island, Dr. Mitchill, in Torr. Cat. but not in State Flora ;
Bergen Point, New Durham, etc., W. H. L.; Closter, common,
Austin ; Tarrytown, Hall.—P, laneeolatum, Pursh ; common ; N.
Y.; plant with the odor of Pennyroyal, Austin.—P, linifolium,
Pursh ; common; not reported from N. Y.; plant scentless,
Austin, ?

ORIGANUM, L.—0, vulgare, L.; N. ¥.; Fordham; Yonkers, Pooley ;
Weehawken.

THYMUS, L.—T. serpyllum, L.; Long Hill, W. H. L.; Morris Co., Austin ;
near Woodside, L. L., Ruger. ace te

CALAMINTHA, Mcench.—{. Clinopodium, Mcench ; N. Y.; r, com-
mon, Austin - Westchester Co., W. H L.; Long Island, Torr.
Cat.; not uncommon. Tawood.' Le

MELISSA, L.—M, officinalis, L.; not uncommon; Inw 2 Roy;
Yonkers, won: : Glen Cove, Coles; Staten Island, Bergen
Point ete., W. H. L.; not in Torr. Cat.

HEDEOMA, Pers.—H. pulegioides, Pers.; common ; N. Y.

COLLINSONIA, L.—t. Canadensis, L.; common ; N. Y. ;

SALVIA, L.—S, lyrata, L.; “In sandy fields, N. J.”, Eddy in Torr. Cat.;
ere ae ohn idles
MONARDA, L.—M. didyma, L.; Nyack, and a ) ens, Merriam.
sell fistulosa, he Yonkers, ey ; ei N. J., pe lone

roadsides, Babylon, Merriam.—M. punetata, L.; common o
Island, State Flora; South Amboy, Red Bank ete ND

LOPHA th.—]. nepetoides, Benth. ; Washington Heights, J. W.

a : ataal Praie in Torr. Cat.; Coney Is. R. R., City

Line, Congdon ; Glen Cove, Merriam ; not uncommon on Long

Isl R ; Central Park, Ruger ; Hoboken and Weehawken,
‘Autin arena att —_ ; Weehawken and Hoboken,

Austin ; Kingsbridge, W. H. pa Hee 8 See a
NEPETA, L.—N, Cataria, L.; very common ; N. Y.—N, Glechoma, Benth. ;
rites Sg Benth.; Central Parks R. & P.;
PHYSOSTEGIA, Benth.—?, Virginiana, Benth. ; ‘al Park, ft. & P.;
Yonkers, Pooley ; near Flushing, Allen, I have seen it in the

50

neighborhood of Break-neck Hill and the Harlem River, and —
have had it brought me, as growing wild, from Staten Island, —
but I-am not sure that these plants were other than wails,
W. i de -
BRUNELLA, Tourn.—B, vulgaris, L.; very common; N. Y¥. [Prof —
‘- Goodale, Amer. Naturalist, July, 1871, thinks Ajuga reptans, L, —
may sometimes be mistaken for this plant. | af
SCUTELEARIA, L.—4. pilosa, Michx.; Long Island, Staten Island, New —
Jersey, rather common; rare about Palisades, and Closter, Austin. —

—N, integrifolia, L.; in Newark meadows, Eddy in Torr. Cat.;
common at Closter, Austin ; also on Staten Island, and Long —
Hill, N. J., W. H. L.; Long Branch, Ruger ; Babylon, Merriam ;
Yonkers, Pooley.—f. galerieulata, L.; Long Island, Torr. Cat.,
Coles, Ruger; Weehawken, New Durham Swamp, W. H. L.;_
Closter, scarce, Austin ; Central Park, R. & P.; Yonkers, Pooley. —

—4. lateriflora, L.; common ; N. Y. a

52. Lolium perenne, L.—Within a few years this grass seems to have —
become quite common. Nearly all the door yards on Murray Hill,
at least, contain more or less, and many are completely filled with —
it. The awnless variety is in the minority decidedly : my own front
‘area came up thickly with the awned variety. The glume is not
awned and only equals the lowest flower in length : the lower pale
are all awned, the awns varying from a mere point to the length of a
the flower. The spikelets contain a variable number of flowers,
5—10, 7 being the average. a
_ It would seem from the description that the length of the glume —
‘is the only distinguishing mark between ZL. temulentum and L. pe-—
renne. The grain of L. temulentum has been reputed poisonous, —
but, according to H. Wagner, this is now contradicted by German —
‘authors, who state that it is harmless, and that its suppo!
poisonous properties depend on ergot that gets mixed with th
grain, TT. FB. Ane.”

53. White Strawberry—During a recent visit to the southern Adi
rondack region, I noticed the white strawberry of which I send you
a small specimen. It was past the fruiting season, and I found onl,
two or three berries, but was told by people living in the vicinity
that they had gathered a few quarts of the fruit this summer. It
sce stated, also, that the berries were larger than the common red
straw :

__ The plant is easily recognized by the eye when growing amo!

F. Virginiana, Ebrhart, being of a cot bee ce with, cae
pened leaves bright yellow, while F. Virginiana has foliage of a blu
or purple-green ripening to a bright dark red. The new variety!
found mostly near to but not in the woods, and appears to be of
shy and timid character, and in danger of being overrun and chok
out by the rampant “ Reds.” | ae oo

T have never before seen the common red strawberry in such
gressive abundance as in the locality yisited by me. It forms
thick turf over acres of land, to the exclusion of almost all 0
vegetation except the red raspberry, which seems to be strugg!

31

with it for the possession of the soil. Frogaria vesca, L., occurs in
the woods, and I was told of another variety with peculiar pink ber-
‘ries, but saw none of the plants.

I do not find mention of this var. of Fragaria in the latest edition
of Gray’s Manual. Brattleboro, Vt., Aug. 9, A. E. Brown.

_ We take this interesting plant to be a var. alba of F. vesca, L. It
is desirable to have more complete specimens of this and also of the
pink berried form. The locality mentioned by Mrs. B. is “ Bennett’s
z arm, 13th Pond, Warren Co., N. Y.” What is the color of the fo-
liage, fresh and ripened, of F. vesca? Eps.

‘4, Notes by I. H. Hall—On the 22nd of June, Mr. J. H. Redfield,
Mr. C. F. Parker, and myself, took an excursion into the pine bar-
rens of New Jersey, and found, about a mile and a half from Atco,
a very large and unusual station of Helonias bullata, L. It grows
there in clusters and singly, and, to all appearance, extends a long
distance in the swamp, and exists in unlimited quantity. Mr. Parker,
who is thoroughly conversant with most of the pine barren region,
and’ probably with all the known stations of Helonias therein, has
seen none at all comparable with this. Of course it was past flower.

Near the same place we found Nymphea odorata, Ait., growing in
wet or overflowed sphagnum, in a uniformly dwarfed state, the
leaves being from two to three inches and a half in diameter and
the flowers reduced in size to correspond. There was nothing un-
symmetrical, imperfect, or unhealthy about the plants, however, and
for a large space we saw none of the normal size. [This is Var.
minor, Sims, and seems to be the prevailing form in the Pines. Eps. }

We also found abundantly ; Anothera sinuata, L., Verbena angu-
stifolia, Mehx., Danthonia sericea, Nutt., &e. Verbena angustifolia
Ihave also found in abundance at Jamaica, L. 1., but not, by any -
“means, as large or as flourishing as in the Pines.

As to the state of advancement of vegetation at the time, we
found Magnolia glauca rather past its perfection but with still plenty
of fresh flowers and buds ; Kalmia latifolia and K. angustifolia rather
past but very full flowered ; Andromeda Mariana well and fully out;
A. ligustrina, out but a little behind the other ; Xerophyllum, rather
past ; Calopogon and Pogonia ophioglossoides, in perfection, as well
as Drosera lincaris and the various forms of Gnothera fruticosa. I
found one lingering Leiophyllum in flower.

55. New Stations,—Mentha rotundifolia, L., near Richmond village,
Staten Island, on the road from New Dorp, Merriam.—Desmodium
Viridiflorum, Beck, between East New Y ui the
ing of Fresh Creek, and in an open bushy field half a mile nearer
to Canarsie, Merriam.—Aretostaphylos Uva-ursi, Spreng.,

ork and Canarsie at the cross-

‘and Polygala

_— tmeiata, L., Tottenville, Staten Island, where also Diospyros Virginiana, =

i ; : s quite
grows in the thickets and groves q L eawhere in our vicinity.

lentifully and apparent-

ly een it es
more spontaneously than I have 8 ifolia, Michx., are to be

CW hem iridis, L., and Verbena angusti eating sates

_ found near pant latter of the foot of the dolomite rocks.
- —Tilia Americana. L., var. pubeseens, at Wading River, L. L, ooo
Milla reeta, Willd., at the Ridge, near Middle Islands, £., 5. Miller.

52

56. Imitation~—We mentioned, § 86, Vol. I., the resemblance of the
color of a yellow spider to that of the blossom in which it lay im
wait. Another case of this kind has fallen under our notice. Iti
well known that in the centre of the white umbel of Daucus carota,
L., there is generally one dark purple flower. In the latter part of
July, we frequently found, lurking beneath this flower, a spider of
very nearly its size and hue. At this season a spider of the same_
appearance is found there, but in a web. Perhaps there are two
kinds of spiders, a web making, and a springing one. The weedis
very common, and we commend the subject to our entomologists
The under side of cymes, corymbs Xe. seems a favorite resort of |
flies and other insects. Ceaceth % .

at A ™ 4

-)

57. Tetramerism in Lilium auratum, Lindl.—The case of tetramerist |
in Tradescantia reported by Prof. Martin in the last number of the
Bulletii leads me to mention a similar instance in the Japan a
(L. auratum, Lindl.). A plant in my garden has recently produced”
three flowers all of which were abnormal. as.

The first flower had but our divisions of the perianth, two outer |
and two inner, symmetrical and cruciform. The stamens were ony
four, alike and perfect. The ovary was quadrangular and two-celled,
with 4 rows of seeds, and the hollow style preserved its quadrilateral |
character, until expanded into the stigma, which was distinctly”
trifid or three lined, being the only portion of the flower which
showed any marks of trimerism. No rudiments of the 5th and 6th -
stamens could be detected. A

The second flower had five divisions of the perianth—three outel |
and two inner—all somewhat twisted or distorted. The nectatr
ferous portions strictly stellate in arrangement. Stamens 5 onlf
and no rudiment of 6th visible. One of the 5 a little shorter thal |
the remainder. In this case the ovary was triangular and thre |
celled, with the usual three lined stigma. -

The third and last flower seems in all respects similar to the firsh
except that one of the four stamens is dwarfed and abortive. a

Philadelphia, Aug. 7. Joun H, ReprieL.

58. Catalpas.—Your correspondent, Mr. Hall, alludes in the Jw?
number to catalpas growing wild on Staten Island and in We
chester Co. I would add that,on the 7th of July, I saw quite
little grove of them in full flower, at Hohokus, N. J., on the ¥
side of the Erie R. R. They grow near, or along, a small broo
which crosses the road just beyond the station. D. S. Mast.

59, We can now supply those who are deficient in the first fot
Nos. of Vol. I-—Correspondents would save us trouble by W
on only one side of their paper. we

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven; and half a dollar for every a
copy, per annum. : as

Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St—Euitor, 224, B. 10th St.

Vol. Il. No. 9.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. — [New York, September, 1871.

60. Herbarium Suggestions—No. 3. Collecting Specimens.—For the
collection of specimens, the botanist carries with him on his tramps,
besides a strong knife or trowel, either a tin box (vasculum) or a
portfolio containing folded sheets of thin paper in which to place
the plants ; indeed both the box and the portfolio are desirable.

_ The box will hold thick roots which he cannot on his trip find
time to pare down, and fresh specimens for examination on his re-
turn home, but its capacity is limited.

A portfolio, on the contrary, will hold almost an illimitable num-
ber of specimens, and, moreover, will keep them in a fair state of
preservation for a much longer time than one would naturally sup-
pose. With two portfolios well stocked with paper, and a few
driers interposed, we may make an excursion to the country oc-
cupying five days or a week, and, on returning home, find the con-
tents but little injured by the delay.

The vasculum should be oval-cylindrical in shape, at least eigh-
teen inches long, and with a door opening on one side. A small
additional compartment opening at one end will be convenient as a
lunch box, and also to contain water plants, nuts, acorns, land
shells, or other objects of interest met with on the tramp. The
portfolio should measure eighteen by twelve inches. It is best made
simply of two stout sheets of pasteboard, not connected by a back
or hinges, and covered with “enamelled cloth” to keep out moisture.
To tie them together, I prefer a stout cord, or fishing-line, to india
rubber bands or straps.

The young botanist soon learns that the collection of specimens
does not consist in tearing off a flower with a portion of the stem
and a few upper leaves. He finds it impossible to identify his spe-
cies, in many cases, without having both the sterile and fertile
flowers when the plant is monecious or dicecious, also the mature
fruit, the root leaves, and even the root, all of which are component
parts of the complete plant and often essential to its recognition.
Tn many cases, the fruit may be obtained from more advanced
cimens at the same time as the flower; in others, it must be col-
lected later. —S
_ When the plant is very large, it may be cut into sections, or the
root leaves way be preserved separately with only a convenient por-
tion of the upper stem, flower and fruit.

_In collecting carices, the best way is to gather a number of spe-
cimens in a little package and pass the whole through slitsin one
or — pieces of paper to hold them together, in which shape they
are to be dried. | ee

Some water plants are so flimsy that it is necessary to float them =

“out in water, and secure their shape by passing a sheet of paper oe

under them, upon which they are dried and permanently retained. —
For digging up roots, a stout clasp knife will answer. Some per-
sons prefer a trowel with its blade narrowed by grinding it off
Still more convenient is a tool shaped like a triangular dagger.

Every body knows what a three sided saw file is. Buy one'of the

largest size; take it to a blacksmith and have the extreme half of
the file bent in a gentle curve on one of its sides until the point is

34

about one inch out of the true line ; grind off the teeth of the file;
retemper the blade; put on a strong wooden handle, and geta
leather case made for convenience of carriage. -

Or, again, such an instrument may readily be made de novo. It —

_ Should be, blade and handle included, about eleven inches long, and

each side of the triangle where the blade joins the handle seven- _
eighths of an inch wide. Some of the advantages of this narrow —
but strong instrument are that it will follow the roots we wish to :
extract without cutting them, and into crevices of rocks where a _
broader tool could not be inserted or would be liable to break. It
was the favorite instrument of that eminent botanist, Philip Barker
Webb, in his Alpine excursions. [See Collector's Handbook, by
the Rev. W. W. Spicer, M. A., London, 1869, p- 158. ]

In the accompanying wood-cut, 2
the blade is not quite enough —
curved. F. J. B.

61. Note from Dr. Engelmann—I have now had Prof. Wood’s specimen
of Opuntia from Westchester Co., one from New J ersey sent by Mr.
Meehan, and a third from New England, probably Massachusetts, —
furnished by Prof. Gray, side by side in cultivation with our Missourl
and Illinois O. Rafinesquii. It is certainly less spiny, and sometimes
the flower is smaller than in our plant, but the deep green colour, ©
the long spreading leaves, and the bright brown bristles, especially 4
on the older joints, on which they increase in number and length —
to considerable bunches, are characteristic of the plant. With them
I have growing the true 0. vulgaris sent by Dr. Schott from the
banks of the Potomac and probably not found north of Chesapeake
Bay,with thicker light green joints, shorter, thicker, more adpressed ,
leaves, and small bunches of short thin greenish yellow bristles. —
This is the plant which is cultivated in Europe under that name
and has become naturalized in Northern Italy and which I have
described and figured as such in Vol. 4, Pacif. R. Reports.

_ Mr. H. Gillman of Detroit has found in the neighborhood of that
city Spirodela polyrrhiza in bloom. His specimens are stouter thaD —
the Staten Island ones, and all the flowers I could examine, 512
number, were 2-ovulate, the ovules joining at the erect funiculus, —
and fully anatropous, while, in that case, the single ovules were
hemi-anatropous, the specimens being, as was suggested at the
time, depauperate otherwise, in the structure of the anthers ete
both specimens are identical. |

You may have heard that the Germans, or rather the Rhine-—
landers were quite excited last spring about the discovery of the
aromatic Asperula odorata in America, an herb which is highly prized —
for the flavor it imparts to wine. I obtained specimens and found —
them to be Galium triflorum, Mchx. Upon my publishing this for
the information of my German friends, the true Asperula odorat
was sent to me by the editor of the N. Y. Staats-Zeitung yout
city, as having been found in the woods near Brooklyn. There ca?
be no doubt of my having seen fresh specimens of the true plant.
How can that be? Has it been planted and naturalized there, of

35

does it’come from gardens? Its native localities in Germany are
principally beech woods.
St. Louis, August 22. G. ENcEnMann.

MARRUBIUM, L.—M. vulgare, L.; not very abundant, but to be found —
by roadsides and on old places in all our districts ; Striker’s
Bay, N. Y., Ruger.

CALEOPSIS, L.—@, Tetrahit, L.; “ Philipsburg” Eddy in Torr. Cat.;
Yonkers, Pooley ; Glen Cove, Coles ; not common.—. Ladanum,
L.; Yonkers, Pooley ; very rare.

STACHYS, L.—S, palustris, L.: Var. aspera; not uncommon; N. Y.,
Torr. Cat.; not reported from Long Island, hyssopifolia,
Michx.; Flushing, Bath, &e., State Flora; Jamaica and Middle
Island ; frequent in Suffolk Co., Adlen ; Closter, plant with odor
of mushrooms, Austin.

LEONURUS, 1.—t, Cardiaea, L.; very common ; N. Y.

LAMIUM, L.—t, amplexicaule, L.; common in old grounds ; N. Y.

BORRAGINACE®.

ECHIUM, Tourn.—, vulgare, L.; between Jamaica & Flushing, W. Z.
L.; Glen Cove, Coles ; Westchester Co.; bergen Point, W. . L.;
Sufferns, and common in Orange Oo., Austin.

LYCOPSIS, L.—lL. arvensis, L.; Babylon, Merriam; near Brooklyn,
Ruger ; Bergen Co., N.J.; WoL.

SYMPHYTUM, Tourn.—, officinale, L.; not uncommon ; in some places
seems well established by streams in meadows.

ONOSMODIUM, Mchx.—. Virginianum, DC.; Kingsbridge, Torr. Cat.;
Harlem, Jamaica, 7: F. A. & W. H. L.

LITHOSPERMUM, Tourn.—L, arvense, L.; Orange and Rockland Coun-
ties, Austin ; not uncommon on Long Island, Ruger, W. 2. Ba
in neglected fields, Torr. Cat.—t, officinale, L.; plentiful at New
Jersey Zine Mines, Austin; near Sing Sing, State Flora; Hills
back of Hoboken ; Gowanus, Ruger.

MYOSOTIS, L.—M. palustris, Withering : Var. laxa; common ; N. Y.—M, © a

verna, Nutt.; common at Closter, Austin ; and Hoboken, Bergen

Point, Patterson &c.; High Bridge. acs
CYNOGLOSSUM, Rourn.—C. officinale, L.; N. ¥.; common.—f, Virginieum,

L.; Weehawken, Fort Lee, W. H. L.—C. Morrisoni, DC. ; common.

HYDROPHYLLACE. ;

HYDROPHYLLUM, L.—H. Virginieum, L.; Weehawken and New Durham

swamp ; Yonkers, Pooley.

POLEMONIACE.

PHLOX, L.—P, pilosa, L.; Passaic, Thurber ; Chatham, N. J. vid. § 43. —
oe: sabaleta, dis Patterson, and Red Bank, N. J.: other culti-

vated species are often found flourishing by roadsides. ; ,
CONVOLVULACE. on
QUAMLOCLIT, Tourn.—Q. coecinea, Moench ; “I have seen this species

36

near Yonkers “growing quite freely away from cultivation,” —
Pooley. [A specimen is desired, Eds. ] q
IPOMEA, L.—I. purpurea, Lam.; fields, Bowery Bay, Ruger—I. pandie
rata, Meyer ; “On the island of New York, near Kingsbridge. 4
Cooper in Torr. Cat. ; Staten Island, State Flora; near Totten-
ville, also New Providence, N. J., W. H. L. ; Closter, Austin; —
probably also in Westchester. :

CONVOLVULUS, L.—t, arvensis, L.; in nurseries Yorkville and Flushing, —
W. H. L. ; Glen Cove, Coles; Ravenswood and West Flushing, 4
Ruger ; roadsides near Closter, rare, Austin. :

CALYSTEGIA, R. Br.—C. sepium, R. Br. ; common ; N. Y.—C. spithamea, —
Pursh ; Woodhaven, L. L., Ruger; Orange Co., Austin; 86th —
St., near 2nd Ave., W. H. L.

CUSCUTA, Tourn.—f. inflexa, Engelm.; Staten Island, Suffolk Co., L. a

L, near Peekskill, W. H. L.—C. arvensis, Beyrich ; streets of —

_ New York, W. H. L.; in an old field now owned by James —

Gowdy, Esq., near Tappan, July, 1857, Austin ; Shark River, —

N. J., Forman !—{, Gronevii, Willd.; very common ; N. Y— y

compacta, Juss.; very common in Bergen and Ocean counties, N. —

_J., Austin ; abundant near Lake Mohegan, Westchester Co., WG
H. L., and probably elsewhere.

SOLANACEZ.

SOLANUM, Tourn.—f, Duleamara, L.; rather common ; N. Y.—4, nigrill, —
L.; common in waste places and about dwellings ; and “oD —
shaded rocks,” Austin ; N. Y.—S. Caroliniense, L.; in various lo- :
calities around Brooklyn, Ruger and others; also on Berge —
Point, W. H. L. .

PHYSALIS, L.—P, Philadelphica, Lam.; Le Roy ; Flushing, Allen ; N. ¥.! <
—P. pubescens, L.; 65th Street and North River, also Jones’ —
Woods, also Train’s Meadow ?, Ruger ; Closter, common, Austin.
—P. viseosa, L.; common ; N. Y. 2

NICANDRA, Adans.—N, physaloides, Geertn.; “Almost naturalized in Ve
cinity of New York,” State Flora ; 79th Street, near Ist Ave. _
H. L. ; Yonkers, Pooley ; Le Roy : a

LYCIUM, L.—L. vulgare, Dunal; not uncommon; Yonkers, Pooley iy |
Blissville, L. 1, Ruger ; waste grounds, occasional about Closter,
Austin, 4
HYOSCYAMUS, Tourn.—H, niger, L.; Central Park, 1862, Austin ; road
sides near Westchester, Torr. Cat. ; Glen Cove, Coles. a

DATURA, L.—D. Stramonium, L.; common; N. Y.—D, Tatula, L.; com —
mon ;N. Y. —

NICOTIANA, L.—N, rustica, L.; Long Island, State Flora.

Terms—One dollar for one copy; five dollars Sor seven; and half a dollar for every ad
copy, per annum.

Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St—Editor, 224, B. 10th St,

Vol. HI. No. 10. BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. [New York, October, 1871.

GENTIANACE®.

SABBATIA, Adans.—S, paniculata, Pursh ; “In bog meadows, July.

_ white” Torr. Cat. This is probably a mistake, possibly a white
variety of some other species.—S, angularis, Pursh ; rather com-
mon ; N. Y.; abundant on Long and Stony Hills, N. J.; Closter,
Austin ; New Durham, Le Roy; Staten Island, W. H. L.; Glen-
dale, L. L, Ruger ; frequent in southern part of the state, State
Flora.—, stellaris, Pursh ; common in salt meadows; N. Y.;
sometimes white, Coney Island, Aug. 1865, W. H. L.—X, gracilis,
Salisb. ; “In wet meadows, New York.” Torr. Cat., but as nothing
is said of it in the State Flora, we presume that it was a mis-
take, if indeed this species be distinct from the former.—S, ¢hlo-
roides, Pursh ; Hackensack meadows; “Brackish bog meadows
on the Island of New York, and on Long Island.” State Flora ;
Harlem marshes, Austin.

ERYTHREA, Pers.—E, ramosissima, Pers., Var. pulehella, Griseb.; wet
meadows, Flushing, L. 1, State Flora; Tappan and Closter,
1857 & 1858, Austin. ;

GENTIANA, L.—6, quingueflora, Lam.; “In woods near Elizabethtown,
N.J., Eddy.” Torr. Cat.; very common in Orange Co., does not
occur about Closter, Austin.—. erinita, Froel.; “In low meadows.
New York. Toteway mountains. New Jersey.” Torr. Cat;
Closter, common, often abundant on uplands, Austin ; Yonkers,

' Pooley ; Long Island, Ruger, Coles ; Hackensack marshes ; Long
Hill, N. J.; Staten Island.—€, ochroleueca, Freel. ; reported by
Eddy in Torr. Cat., but discredited by Dr. Torrey in State Flora,
and evidently by Dr. Gray in Manual.—t. Andrewsii, Griseb. ;
common ; N. Y. ,

BARTONIA, Muhl.—B. tenella, Muhl.; common ; but not reported from
N.Y.

OBOLARIA, 1.—0, Virginiea, L.; said to have been found en Orange
Mt., N. J., but has not been verified. ae

MENYANTHES, Tourn.—M, trifoliata, L.; a small patch in a bog 1 ania
S. E. of Closter, Austin ; New Durham, Le Roy ; on N. R. R. o
N. J. near its junction with E. R. R. I have pointed out, on
that this plant is dimorphous, W. H. L. ; Suffolk Co., £. 8. M.

LIMNANTHEMUM, Gmelin.—tL, lacunosum, Griseb.; “In ponds, von
Island and New Jersey, Eddy.” Torr. Cat.; Wading River, Suf-
folk Co., E. §. Miller; probably grows elsewhere within our

limits.
APOCYNACER |
VINCA, L.—¥, mmor, L.; Stryker’s Bay, N. Y.; Ridgewood, Flatlands,
&e., L. L, Ruger ; vid. § 31, Vol. I.

62, Opuntia Rafinesquii, Engelm.—About the middle of last June I
gathered some scr ais of Opuntia Refinesqui, on & pret Bere of
the Highlands, half a mile north of Cold Spring. One fe the plants
bore a flower-bud that had just commenced to open. his was laid
upon the table in my room at the hotel, but for three days it per-

Sistently refused to expand its petals in that shaded place. Then a

__ whether, in the growth of the new shoot that has been described,

38

couple of hours’ exposure to the direct warm rays of the sun opened :
the flower in all its golden beauty. Another plant, bearing four —
flower-buds, was brought to Albany and placed upon a shelf just
behind and above the kitchen stove. The distance of the plant :
from the stove-pipe was about one foot, so that it had the benefit —
of a pretty high temperature. Under the influence of the heat from ‘
the stove, the flowers expanded one after another, the last one un-—
folding the eleventh day after the plant had been taken from its
native habitat. The specimen was composed of three flattened or
leaf-like joints of about the usual size, one basal, the other two,
terminal. These showed no signs of suffering from the want of
nourishment until about the middle of July, one month after the
had been gathered. At this time the basal joint began to wither,
and soon after a new shoot put forth from one of the terminal
joints. The drying process advanced slowly from the base upwar
until the latter part of August, when it was completed so far as the
original joints were concerned. In the mean time the new joint
had attained a length of one foot. Its growth still continues, it
being now (Sept. 15th) fourteen inches long. It is, however, eX
cessively attenuated, being only half an inch wide at its broadest
part. %It is abundantly supplied with weak, soft, recurved spines
about three-eighths of an inch long, and is paler in color than the
original plant. It will be interesting to know how long it will con-
tinue to grow, but probably its duration will now be short, since it
begins to show signs of withering toward the base.
To us who are distant from the ordinary localities of this plant
and seldom have an opportunity of observing it, this behavior 8
interesting. It indicates the need of a high temperature to promote
the growth of the plant and ‘to cause the flowers to expand, and
also shows a tenacity of life not surpassed even in the famous
“Live-for-ever,” Sedum Telephium, L. It suggests the inquity

the nourishment was drawn mainly from the original joints or from
the air. The plant was in contact with no*soil and was not once
moistened with water. The growth has continued after the com-
_ plete drying up of the original joints, which would indicate the ait
and the moisture in it as the sources of supply ; but the slight
withering of the base of the new shoot suggests the idea of a kin
of “robbing-Peter-to-pay-Paul ” process, as if the juices of the
: gr joints had in the first place been transferred to the new sh
or its support, and now, this supply having failed, as if the jul
of the base of the new shoot were passed along for the support
the apex. phe
It is also evident that, by placing plants with well develo
flower-buds in a cool shaded place, their blossoming may be delay
for a considerable period, and the flowers may then be «
expand, by the application of heat, at such a time as they mai
wanted either for ornament or for exhibition. Gos
Albany, Sept. 18th. _ | Cuas. H.

M. Prillieux, quoted in Dondoin Sci. Rev. p. 237, 1870, shows
when wilted flowers revive in a moist atmosphere, it is at the

39

‘pense of the lower portions of the stem, with an actual loss of weight
in the whole. Eps.

63. Bees on Gerardia pedieularia, L.——Happening to sit down to-day
by what might bé called a copse of Gerardia pedicularia—it was so
abundant and shrubby—I was interested in observing the humble-
bees who were winging about the flowers. To my surprise, I no-
ticed that the noisy fellows did not enter the tube of the corolla,
but appeared to alight upon its base. Upon closer examination I
found that on every flower (there was no exception) was a perfora-
tion upon the upper side of the corolla near its junction with the
calyx. Through this opening, which I presume of course is formed
by the bees themselves, they appeared to derive the nectar. The
air was heavy with the perfume of the flowers, and the humble bees
were very numerous. In the books at this moment at my service,
I find no notice of this “unkindest cut of all.” I suppose, however,
that it cannot have escaped the attention of the many botanists now
investigating the insect fertilization of plants. After a long inspec- ©

tion I found no bee approaching the flower from the front—although
the door stood wide open, and to human seeming the entrance was
as easy. I have known of this trick of the bees—and seen it men-
tioned in regard to other plants—but I do not remember that the

Gerardia was among them. If this is the invariable habit of the

bees, can they be instrumental at all in the distribution of the
pollen, or is the plant also visited in a legitimate manner by some
less sneaking insect ?
Providence, R. I., Sept. 3d. W. W. Bary.
This is the first example in our knowledge of native flowers slit
by bees, and would seem to indicate that in this instance sc Bia
not been “selected” in adaptation to each other.

64. Note from Prof, A. M. Edwards,—A few days since, when after —
Diatoms, I found our garden Portulaca, the brilliant red one, out
on the made ground of the marshes back of Hoboken. It was in
flower and evidently carried out by the carts which were at that:
time transporting rubbish to make streets across the marsh. I no-
ticed nearly a dozen plants widely scattered. — May we not expect
after a time to have this beautiful flower wild in this country ?

My friend, Mr. M. C. Cooke of London, whose excellent “ Hand-
book of British Fungi” is just published, is at work on American
Fungi. He lately records the following on flowering plants I sent
him.— Keidum Viole, DC.; E, Asterum, Schw. ; HE. Grossularie, DC.;
Dacoutii Schw.; Trichobasis Sagittarie,

West. The last is now recorded __

for the first time out of Europe. nae ee: =

With respect to Diatomacez, a year or
the Lyceum of Natural Hist: leas so
Considered, species of Gomphonema on the same stipes ; proving
them to be but “forms” of one species. I now find in a stream on

Union Hill, N. J., Gom ma constrictum, capitatum, acuminatum
and cristatum, with intermediate forms all on the same ve? 9g ‘This
_ fact, with others relating to the same subject, will be fu “heme om :
of with illustrations, in the annals of the Lyceum, and show how

oe ES ek Se te ee

ory that I had found at least two, so- :

40

puzzling it is to determine what are specifie characters in these mi-
nute forms. .
In the same stream is Hydrodictyon utriculatum, Roth.
314, W. 34th St., Sept. 23d. A.M E.

6. Cynoglossum officinale, L.—I found, this last summer, one spe-
cimen of Cynoglossum officinale, L., growing in a vacant lot in @
Freehold, N. J. Another specimen was given me, obtained on the —
road side not far from Keyport, the donor regarding it as a curious —
plant which he had never seen before. I have seen C. officinale,
both the red, and the white flowered varieties, very common and
troublesome in Schoharie and Green counties, New York. I remem-
ber that the late Hon. Zadoc Pratt, of Prattsville, N. Y., used to
employ men, at his own expense, each summer to cut the pest down
for many miles on the road side.

66. Nymphaea odorata, var—On visiting Lewes, Del. lately, I was
interested to find in the cabin of the steamship, a fine group of the
pink-tinted water-lilies, gathered in a pond near the pine woods
between the town and Cape Henlopen, as I was told. They were
‘quite small flowers, but of very choice and delicate perfume, white’
within, but the outer petals and the sepals richly tinged with rose
color. It is interesting to find a well-defined locality of this pecu--
liar and striking variety of one of our loveliest flowers.

Sept. 25th. D. 8. M.

67, Suffolk Co. Plants—This year I have collected about here spec
mens of the following plants : Myriophyllum tenellum, Bigelow ; I.
ambiguum, Nutt. Var. limosum ; Ludwigia spherocarpa, Ell.; Olden-
landia glomerata, Mchx.; Eupatorium album, L.; E. rotundifolium, L.5
Coreopsis rosea, Nutt.; Utricularia inflata, Walt.; U. purpurea, Walt.;
U. resupinata, Greene ; Sagittaria calycina, Engelm., Var. spongiosa;
Smilacina stellata, Dest.; Eleocharis Robbinsii, Oakes; E. rostellata,
Torr.; E. melanocarpa, Torr.; Rhyncospora macrostachya, Torr.—at
Middle Island ; Eupatorium pubescens, Muhl.—at Mt. Sinai, Mentha
aquatica, L., Var. crispa, Benth.—at Setauket, Onoclea sensibilis, Var.
obtusilobata, Torr.

Wading River, L. L, Oct. 3d. E. S. Micxer.

68. New Stations—Thymus serpyllum, 1., between Irvington and
Tarrytown, on the left of the road about 400 yards this side of Mr
Merritt's place, J. W Wood.—Melilotns officinalis, Willd., a single sp
cimen, by the rail road between Washington Heights and Man-
hattanville ; J. W. W.—Draba Caroliniana, Walt., on Ridgewood Reser-
voir, near Centreville, L. L, in great abundance : it seems to flow
later than D. verna, L., G. M. Wilbur.—Anagallis arvensis, L., on grou
recently exposed in Union Square, with flowers of a fine blue, G.
W.—On Little Snake Hill, Muhlenbergia capillaris, Kunth, and Solidag?
rigida, L., grow in great abundance, 7. F. A. & W. H. L.—Solanilll
Caroliniense, L., by the road leading up the hill from Weehawken Fert

Terms—One dollar for one copy; five dolla: RESO ere
| Copy, per annum. “ rs for seven; and half a dollar for every

~ Local Herbarium, 3, B 33d St,—Baitor, 224, E Ihh Si

4 | '
Vol. Hl. No. t1.; BULLBTIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, [New York, November, 1871.

69. Herbarium Suggestions —No. 4. Drying Specimens.—At the time
of collecting specimens, and while laying them between the thin
sheets of the portfolio, no special care is necessary to straighten
out the leaves, and other parts of the plant. This would often be
interfered with by the wind in the open field, and, moreover, the
vegetable tissue is elastic and the parts of the plant will not “stay
put,” when arranged at this time. At the subsequent early changes
of the driers, however, and especially on the first change, this mat-
ter should receive careful attention ; all folds and doublings-up of
leaves, petals, etc, should be removed, and the whole specimen
should be arranged as nearly as possible to conform to its natural
appearance before collection.

At the same time that this is done, let pieces of bibulous paper
be interposed between any leaves or other portions of the plant
which overlap each other, in order to prevent their moulding and
hasten their drying, and change these fragments of paper sub-
sequently when changing the driers.

The more bibulous the paper composing the driers, the better.
A good quality for the purpose may sometimes be found in large
paper stores, but is somewhat expensive. Ordinary newspapers,
of suitable size, will answer. For the convenience of handling, the
drying paper is made up into packets of about twelve thicknesses,
and this is sometimes done by stiching them together, but a far
better way is to unite them by two of “McGill's paper fasteners ”
placed about an inch from the edge of one of the sides.

When fastened in this way, the packets may be dried by placing
them astride of a clothes-line in the open air, or on a string stretch-
ed across the room; and this is much better than having them
lying about on the floor to be trodden on by the feet and with only
one surface exposed to the air.

We should always have a large supply of packets so as to use
them liberally, especially when the specimens are thick and succu-
lent. In the latter case, also, sheets of thick pasteboard are desir-
able to interpose here and there between the packets to prevent
a thick stem from indenting its neighbors.

For pressing plants, two boards with weights on top are best:

Screw presses are objectionable, since, as the plants shrink in
drying, they cease to receive the necessary pressure. This point
: gieag been mentioned in a previous number of the Bulletin,
p. 16,

In drying plants, they are retained continuously in the thin
sheets of paper in which they were at first placed, but their posi-
tion in the sheet is advantageously changed from time to time as
Soon as the plants are sufficiently dry to bear motion without —
crnmpling. sce ogee

_ Plants that are sticky and liable to adhere to the paper epvelop- —
ing them may be sprinkled over with some inert powder, as that
of Lycopodium or powdered soapstone. ( To be continued.) F. J.B. —

70. Sesuvium pentandram, Elliott,—Is Sesuvium pentandrum a dis-
tinct species Page a variety of S. Potulacastrum, L.? To judge

ae |
us
ce

from our Manuals, one would infer that its characteristics were 80
fickle as to make it unworthy of being regarded even as a variety ~
of the Portulacastrum, for neither Gray nor Wood alludes to its”
existence. ; :

Chapman recognizes both species, and evidently considers them
entirely distinct ; and, as they are peculiarly southern plants, his
opinion would seem to be worthy of much consideration. a

As the plants are seldom seen at the north, I venture to give
their peculiarities :
8. Portulacastrum, L.—Leaves lanceolate and oblong, acute ; flowers

pedicelled nearly } an inch, stamens numerous, 15 to 60; pe-
rennial ; Florida and northward. ea
8. pentandrum, Ell.—Leaves spatulate, obovate, obtuse; flowers sessile;
stamens five in the sutures of the Calyx ; annual? FI—N.C.
Chapman places an interrogation mark after annual, and it is im- |
portant to determine what the fact may be. :

It has been common for many years past to give the range of
Sesuvium Portulacastrum “from N. J. southward,” and yet I am in-—
clined to believe that the typical form of this species with numerous —
and variable stamens does not occur at all upon the shore of N. J. :
My evidence is of course negative, but such as it is I give it. The 4
first notice that I find of the genus in N. J. isin Nuttall’s Genera of _
Northern Plants (1818), where it is described as JS. sessile, DC.,
“leaves spathulate, flowers sessile ”—which, to judge from the above _
description, was S. pentandrum. Since Nuttall, S. Portulacastrum has —
continued to be quoted from “N. J. southward.” The genus is not
mentioned in Torrey & Gray’s Plants of the U. 8.

In the summer of 1870, I discovered S. pentandrum at Kast
Hampton, L. I. (Bulletin Vol. L, § 91.) Prior to that time I believe _
it was not known to grow north of N. J. I recently received from
Mr. J. H. Redfield, of Philadelphia, a letter in.answer to inquiries, —
from which I make the following extract : e

“In the summer of 1869 my friend C. F. Parker of Camden col-
lected at Cape May, N. J., a Sesuvium which he supposed to be of A
course the Portulacastrum, L., until an examination showed him it —
was the pentandrum, Ell. Last summer I found at Atlantic City,
N. J., a Sesuvium which I also supposed to be the Portulacastrum, —
until a close examination showed it to be the other form. Iam _
also informed that Dr. Leidy of Philadelphia has collected S. pen-—
tandrum at Cape Henlopen, so that, including your locality (Kast —
Hampton, L. L.), we have now four points for it, reaching from Cape
Henlopen to the east end of Long Island. But the curious point in
the matter is that in this region o

at least of our sea coast no one, 80 _
far as I can learn, has found the typical Portulacastrum.” ee

Here then is a plant growing for 300 miles along our coast, in-—
variably of one form—the pentandrum. Surely this indicates a per- -
sistency which should entitle the form to rank at least as a variety. —

Mr. Redfield was good enough to send me specimens both from |
Cape May and Atlantic City. They fulfil the concise and exact
description of Chapman, and correspond entirely with my own spe--

cimens from East Hampton.

* .

US

il, Notes by €. F. Austin—On Nov. 4th, at about noon, the day being
a little blustering and cool, but clear—the thermometer certainly ©
above the freezing point—I found on the stems ofCunila Mariana, L., -
close to the ground, flat and solid crystals of ice or frost, about } of
an inch in thickness and about 2 inches square, somewhat bent or
curled, translucent, and striated at right angles to the stem of the
plant. The plants were growing on the west side of a slate ridge.

The ground was not frozen, nor was there any ice in a pond hole
near by. I do not recollect seeing any thing of the kind before, yet
have heard of the same thing occurring with Helianthemum. The
frost crystals, one on each plant, were not attached to the roots but ©
to the stem, and extended about 2 inches above the ground.

Is it generally known among botanists that,when here and there a —
Hemlock tree is cut from a grove where they stand close together,
the stumps retain their vitality for many years? I know of a
number which have continued to live at least 10—15 years. They
never sprout! but continue to grow in diameter! This is caused, —
of course, by the natural “grafting ” of the roots.

I have found isolated Sassafras roots in damp clayey soil when
the stump was entirely gone ; yet the roots possessed all the fresh- -
ness of those from living trees! .

T send two flowers of Azalea nudiflora, collected about two weeks
ago in the woods near Middletown, Orange Co. ‘

The Rev. S. W. Knipe, of Delaware Water-gap, Pa., has described
to me a Pogonia found there by himself which must be P. affinis. He
says he found only a single specimen, which he gave away, but thinks
he can recover. :

Negundo aceroides, Moench, grows along the Hackensack river, at the
flats, about half a mile west of Closter.—Genm rivale, L., occurs on the
meadows between Tappan and Piermont, a few rods east of the R. R.
f, strietum, Ait., occurs at Closter. Closter, Nov. 14th.

72, New Mistletoe.—About the 20th of September last we received
from Miss L. A. Millington, Glens Falls, “a few specimens of a pa-
rasitic plant ’’ that she had found growing on Abies nigra, Poir. : She
wrote: “TI believe it to be a mistletoe. I found the first specimen
on a small tree in the edge of a cold peat bog in Warrensburg,
Warren Co., N. Y. In a few days I found more in a similar situation —
in Elizabethtown, Essex Co., N. Y. Later I found it half way up
the north side of a high mountain. All these places would seem to
indicate a higher latitude than even Northern New York as the pos-
sible habitat of the plant. In
fested were very much distorted
parasite, and some trees seem s reer
— of their sap.” We suspected the object to be a being

misled the separation ee
Bren them, Pag Miss Millington afterwards wrote us, that ‘“‘nine of —

: me plants were over as inch = hee
of perhaps an eighth of an inch each igh Oe
ed Ba gee aie the cleft end of the last segment. Generally -

HY
43-

plant to Dr. Torrey, and subsequently to Dr. Gray. While await-

ing their decision, we learn from Dr. Engelmann that it is a true
Loranth. :

This is what Dr. Engelmann says:

“Mr. Peck of Albany has made a most curious discovery, in finding —
on Abies nigra in your state a minute Arceuthobium, which is pro-—
bably an undescribed species to be called A. minutum, but it has
close analogies with the West Coast and Mexican A. campylopodium,
Eng. I am just reviewing this curious genus, with plenty of ma —
terial at hand—a deal of labor.”

APOCYNUM, Tourn.—A, androsemifolium, L.; Closter, common, Austin; —
Glen Cove, Coles ; Yonkers, Pooley ; Long Hill, N.J., W. H. Lj
quite common ; “Along hedges, Greenwich,” Torr. Cat.; both ;
sides of Harlem River, W. H. L.; Staten Island.—A, eannabinum,

L.; common : Var. pubescens, DC.; N. Y. bank of Harlem River, —
near 6th Ave., W. A. L.

ASCLEPIADACE. :

ASCLEPIAS, L.—A. Cornuti, Decaisne ; common ; N. Y.; the young

‘shoots make an excellent potherb, Austin.—A, phytolaceoides,
Pursh ; common and not rare; not reported from N. Y.—a. —
purpurascens, L.; common,—4A, variegata, L.; along both banks of —
Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek and the adjacent
country, W. H. L.; Bloomingdale, Torr. Cat.; Long Island, :
State Flora ; Glen Cove, Coles ; Closter, scarce, Austin.—A, qua-
drifolia, Jacq.; common but not frequent, N. Y.— A. perennis, Walt.,
(A. parviflora, Pursh,) is put down in R. & P’s catalogue of —
Central Park, but we suspect erroneously.—A, inearnata, L. 3 very
common ; particularly the var. pulehra; N. Y.—A. obtusifolia, :
Mchx.; common, especially in pine woods ; but not repo
from N. Y.—A. rubra, L.; Glen Cove, Coles ; terminus of Centre-_
ville Ave., Centreville, L. L, Ruger ; said to have been found at —
South Amboy.—A, tuberosa, L.; common; N. Y.—A. vertieillata -
L.; “On the rocks at Passaic Falls,” Yorr Cat. ; Palisades, —
common, Austin ; Red Bank, ete., N. J. ; Staten Island near New |
Dorp ; West Flushing near Flushing Bridge, Ruger; Yonkers,

_ Pooley.

ACERATES, Ell.—A, viridiflora, Ell; “Dry hills and sandy fields
southern part of the State,” State Flora ; East New York, and
Centreville along the aqueduct, Ruger ; old fields, Closter, 1858,
Austin ; New Dorp, Staten Island, W. H. L. :

VINCETOXICUM, Mcench.—Y, nigrum, Moench ; Flatbush, Ruger ; eseap-

ed and running wild near the road to Vandeveer’s mill, Filat-
lands, Merriam. om

o~

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars Sor seven ; and half a dollar for every additional
copy, per annum. rgees

laal erbariom, 3, B. 384 Si—itr, 224, Bo 10hh

to

fol. JI. No. 12.) BULLBTIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, [New York, December, 1871.

OLEACEA.

LIGUSTRUM, Tourn.—L, vulgare, L.; quite common and naturalized ;
N. Y.; near Stanhope, Morris Co., N. J., thoroughly wild, Au-
stin ; Prospect Park, Merriam ; &e.

FRAXINUS, Tourn.—F, Americana, L.; common; N. Y.—F. pubescens,
Lam.; low grounds along streams, very common about Closter;
and extremely variable in size and shape of fruit and leaves,
branches and leaves often quite glabrous, Austin ; Central Park,
scarce, f. & P.; frequent in adjoining parts of N. J., State Flora;
banks of the Sawmill R., Yonkers, W. H. L.—R. viridis, Mehx.
f.; Central Park, R. é& P.; we have no other authority for this
species in our vicinity.—F. sambueifolia, Lam.; common, Austin ;
Yonkers, Pooley ; Glen Cove, Coles ; Harlem River, N.Y., W. H. L.

ARISTOLOCHIACE.
ies footie Canadense, L.; not uncommon, not reported from

ARISTOLOCHIA, Tourn.—A, Serpentaria, L.; Closter, Weehawken, &c.,
quite frequent ; Long Hill, N. J., Tottenville, Staten Island,
Inwood, N. Y., W. H. L.; near the toll gate, beyond Jamaica,
Merriam ; Glen Cove, Coles ; vid. § 6, Vol. I.

PHYTOLACCACE.

PHYTOLACCA, Tourn.—P, decandra, L.; common ; N. Y.; very common
in recent clearings, Austin; not confined to low grounds,

Austin, W. H. L.

CHENOPODIACEZ.

CHENOPODIUM, L.—C. album, L.; very common ; N. Y.—C. glauenm, L.;
Hoboken, and N. Y., Austin; Brooklyn, Merriam ; various sta-
tions about Brooklyn, and 63d and 64th Streets, near Lex-_

ington Ave., Ruger, vid. Vol. I. § 82, Vol. IL § 37—(, urbiewm,
L.; Closter, &e., Austin ; Coney Island; Staten Island; Newark. __

—f{, murale, L.; Vanderbilt’s Landing, Staten Island, W. HZ L—

C. hybridum, L.; Closter, common, Austin ; Fordham, near ign

Bridge, W. H. L.; generally common, State Flora.—t, Botrys, L.;
abundant in waste ground and unimproved streets, N. Y.; and
Brooklyn, Merriam; and between Brooklyn and Coney Island. —
—(. ambrosioides, L.; very common on N. Y. Island, and in the ©
roadsides near N. Y., State Flora, —

vicinity : Var. anthelminticum }
Raparcol wultifidum, L. ; formerly found on N. Y. Island but

not recently.
ee iti tt.; Long Island, Hoboken, State
BLITUM, Tourn.—B. maritimum, Nu te ie fields, Now York.” Torr.

Tic _—B. eapitatum, L. :
Flora, Torr. Cat.—B. eap ’ J.,many years since, W. H. L.—

Cat. ; i hard, Orange, N. -
B, flouns-Mearione, seesotice eats ; Glen Cove, Coles ; along the vil-
lage street, East Hampton, L. L, Allen, Merriam.

—No. 4. Drying Specimens, continued.—

73. Herbarium Suggestions _Drying °F v :
ing the driers is a matter of muchimpor- | |
Ogg mind pte f, which the botanist should constantly —__

46

bear in mind: Ist, the more rapidly plants are dried, the better
they will retain their colors ; 2nd, the first two days that plants
are in the press are of more importance than all the subsequent
time.

Two or even three changes of the driers during the first 24 hours
will accomplish more than a dozen changes after the lapse of se-
veral days. The most perfect preservation of the beautiful colors
of some orchids which I have ever seen, was effected by heating the
driers and changing them every two hours durin g the first day.

For Jess delicate specimens, two changes the first day, one change
a day for three or four days after, and subsequent changes at grad-
ually increasing intervals, will suffice. It is often difticult to tell
whethera plant is thoroughly dried or not. This may sometimes be
ascertained by pressing it for a moment against the check. If the
cheek feels cold on its removal, the plant is still moist.

Other methods of drying plants are sometimes employed, but are
less convenient or less adapted to a large number of specimens. _

One is to place the plants and driers between sheets of wire
gauze protected on the edge with arim of stout iron wire, and
hang the whole in the sun and wind, without any subsequent
change. Only a small package of plants can be dried in this way.

Another is to abstract the chief part of the moisture of the plants
at the outset, by placing them in some convenient vessel, and
sprinkling or sifting dry and warm sand over them ; at the end of
a day or so, they are to be removed from the sand and put in the
press.

Thad nearly forgotten one point of the first importance : do not
neglect, at the earliest opportunity, to insert in each sheet a label
bearing the name of the plant, if already made out, but, at all
events, the place and date of collection, together with notes of the
locality in which it was found. This is often left, to the subsequent
sorrow of the botanist, until these particulars have escaped the

memory, and half the value of the specimen has consequently been
lost. F. J. B.

<< 74, Spirodela_ polyrrhiza— Prof. Hegelmayer of Tiibingen has just
given us in the Botanische Zeitung of Sept. 22 & 29, 1871, a most in-
teresting addition to the very thorough monograph of Lemnace®,
published by him three years ago, by his account of the organs of
fructification of Spirodela polyrrhiza from the specimens recelv
zon Mr. Leggett, and has illustrated it thoroughly by numerous
_ figures. :

He premises it by stating that, according to his present lights, he
must consider the organs of the flowering Lemnz as constituting
single hermaphrodite flowers, consisting of a pistil and two lower
stamens, the third upper one being regularly abortive, and sub-
tended by a bract (what was called the spathe. ) <
_ He then minutely reviews the flowering organs of our Spirodela,
which are in the bud surrounded and enveloped by the membra~
_ neous bract, bearing erystal and pigment cells, and which opens
by a small apical slit. The second or posterior stamen -often

47

remains undeveloped. The anther ceils are arranged not above
one another as in other Lemnm, but behind one another or oblique-
ly lateral, as had been stated before. The filaments show spiral
vessels, especially visible in the connective.

The ovules he finds single or in twos, (in the Detroit plant they
were always in twos. *

He then gives a minute account of the structure of the ovules
and of the horizontal seed. The seeds are single, in one specimen
only he found two immature but regularly developed seeds. In all
the Specimens examined they were covered with epidermis, and
therefore smooth ; but he supposes that in a later stage the epi-
dermis disappears and then the seed might have a ribbed appear-
ance, much like the other Lemnz in which the epidermis is more
easily destroyed and thus the peculiar surface markings brought to
light. The endosperm is thicker than in other Lemna—there is
also a difference in the slit of the embryo.

1 a systematic point of view the structure of the anthers would
fortify the genus Spirodela, which altogether proves to be the most
highly developed of all Lemnacex, if the second species of the ge-
nus, Spirodela oligorrhiza, should exhibit the same character ; but

e flowers of this are to him unknown. |

he number of ovules proves of little importance as a generic
character. Not only that here one as well as two occur—he has
How also become acquainted with a form from different parts of
Australia, which, in most respects very similar to Lemna minor,
shows regularly two ovules, and which on that account he had for-
merly thought to be allied to L. gibba, but which he now is inclined
to consider distinct from both L. minor and L. gibba, and names

. disperma. G. E.-

_ 13, Arceuthobinm.—We have received further particulars about this
interesting discovery. Mrs. Millington writes, Nov. 23: “It .
Seems curious that the plant I found should be so nearly the oneI
set out to find last April when I first saw the Nevada parasite. It —
Sccurred to me then that something of that kind might cause the a
unhealthy look and the decay of the Black Spruce, so well-known :
among the Adirondacks. Almost the first Abies that I had an op-

portunity to examine was literally covered with that curious growth,

then quite small and without fruit. Some botanist, who has an—

opportunity to examine the Abies balsamea, might possibly find it
Infested with the same parasite. Many trees present the same ap- —
ite is present.” Again, im

pearance as the A. nigra when the parasite is ; :
& letter dated Dee. 13th, she writes ; “I received a very interesting
letter from Dr, Engelmann, and, to secure some winter ats Wane

at we might study its habits more at large, I went myself to War-

re , ty different trees, large and
nsburg. I got specimens from ater St ‘ware infested. Groups _

Small. A Il the s jay Z
bout 75 per cent of all the Y dead, and bore the peculiar

of large treeg et high were ; Da .
marks of the Pine Ti bie but the depth of the snow i el ee
inches) prevented my looking farther among the A. “eagerpting Oa as
__ Texpect to find it yet. The location is on the east side of the plank =

Toad, two miles and a half from Warrensburg village, an nl

the best mode of getting at an embryo enclosed in horny albumen? :

48

mile south of the toll-house. It is known as Dr. McNutt’s Marsh,
and is about 60 rods from the road.”

“All the plants I send you are young ones: the question is, did
they grow from this year’s seed? ‘You will, on examination, find
tiny red points in the bark of this year’s wood, and observe that
the largest plants are in the older wood, and that none of them are
the plants of last summer’s growth.”

76, Note from Dr. Gray—Mr. Peck of Albany sent me, early last
autumn, a good specimen of a parasite on Abies nigra, asking what
it was. I replied that it was the female of an Arceuthobium, most
likely A. campylopodum of Engelmann—to, whom I advised he
should send specimens ; that the discovery was an interesting and
unexpected one. As Dr. Engelmann seems to have been supplied
with much smaller and less developed specimens than I was, I ven-
ture to suspect that he will yet conclude that it is his A. campylo-
vodum.

The curious thing about the discovery is : 1st, that it should not
have been detected before ; 2nd, that if should, after all this over-
looking, be found during the same season by two persons, in three
different counties, and so abundant as to disfigure or even to des-
troy the trees it infests.

I did not answer your communication at once, because I knew
that the plant had already been brought to the knowledge of the
Torrey Club, and because I sent it at once, with the specimen, to
Dr. Engelmann, who has only now returned it.

December 4th, 1871. » dace 1s

77, Sesuvium.—Myr. Merriam informs us that Dr. Gray has written
him as follows : “No doubt your Sesuvium is S. pentandrum, and
that that is a good species. I have no specimens of 8. Portulaca-
strum from the Northern States. Equally Ihave now no doubt —
but that S. sessile, Nutt. (not DC.), is this S. pentandrum, as you 4
say in the Bulletin.” — a

78. New Stations.—Erodium cicutarium, L’Her.; Wallabout Swamp, on
Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn, nearly opposite the hat factory.—lLysima-
chia vulgaris, L.; West Flushing.—Pedicnlaris lanceolata, L.; New Lots
and Centreville, L. I—Origanum vulgare, L.; Gowanus, Centreville,
&e., L.1.—Nieandra physaloides, Geertn. ; Woodhaven, L.I. M. Ruezr —

79, Notes and Queries.—I am desirous of obtaining peculiar forms of |
Lechea, especially from the south, and more particularly from Flo-
rida and the West Indies. I shall feel under much obligation to
any one who will assist me by loan, exchange, or otherwise. S

Wo. H. Leacert, 224, E. Tenth St., N. Y.

H. H. Babcock, 11, 18th St., Chicago, IIl., has for exchange
_ plants from the vicinity of Chicago.

Those who have experience in the examination of plants would
do a good service by imparting the results. What, for example, is

ae

Terms—One dollar for one copy; five dollars Jor seven; and half a dollar for every additional —

— copy, per annum.

Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St—Riitor, 224, B. 10th St.

BULBS

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB.

Vol. 11.) New-York, January, 1872. (No. 1.

L. Blitum capitatum, L.,—I have received from. Delhi, Delaware Co.,
and hear that in that region it is not uncommon. I believe that it
grows also in the neighborhood of Chester and Goshen, Orange
Co., and I am very sure I have heard of its being found in Rock-
land Co. I have also heard of and seen it all the way from Roches-
ter to Rome.

Blitum Bonus-Henricus, Reich.,—I have found at Blue Point, L. L,
near Throgs Neck, and at other places in the S. E. part of West-
chester Co. In Central and West N. Y. it is not at all uncommon.
At Auburn, Aurelius, Clinton, Oriskany, and many other places I
have seen it abundant. It loves the neighborhood of old wood piles,
and corners of fences, and situations under the beams and around
the posts of open sheds.

Nalsola Kali, L.,—I have seen growing on the H. R. R. R. track,

where it was daily passed over by the locomotives, all the way from

_ Tarrytown to Sing Sing. It is quite common as far up the river

as Tarrytown. I have often seen it growing in the interstices of

timber wharves, high up above the water, where the wheels of car-
mages disturbed it continually.

Polygonum amphibium, L.—The two varieties grow larger in and on
the shores of the outlets of the lakes of Western N. Y. than I have
ever seen them elsewhere. On the shore of the Owasco Outlet the
plant very frequently grows in a patch lying partly in and partly
out of the water, all apparently the same in immediate origin.

hat growing on the shore and for a foot or two from the edge
Standing in the water is the Var. terrestre ; then, beyond it, trails
in the water the Var. aquaticum. I cannot believe that there is any

ing permanent in the varieties, but am of the opinion that the
Same plant will change its form according to circumstances. There
are also intermediate forms which it is hard to class under either —
Variety.
., Asplenium pinnatifidum, Nutt.—I learn that the Philadelphian local-
ity of this plant is entirely destroyed, a new road or drive having =
just been blasted through by the Fairmount Park Commission. oe
The fern grew in crevices on the steep sides of the cliff along the che
Schaylkill in the rear of Laurel Hill Cemetery. The taking off of
the face of the cliff has entirely destroyed the locality and robbed

armount Park of its rarest plant. It is to be hoped that a few spores

ve made their way to some new crevice, and that the region
may be replenished. Jan. 19th. Pk Teh

8, Asplenium montanum, Willd.—Mr. Bower showed us recently a —
specimen of this fern, gathered by Mr. H. Denslow from the preci —
pitous rocks that form the banks of Lake Mohunk, Paltz Point, |
Ulster Co., N.Y. Mr. Bower expects that <Aspidium fragrans, —
Swartz, and Asplenium montanum may yet be found growing to- —
gether in some common locality. 4

3. New Stations.—Coronilla varia, DC., grows luxuriantly a short dis- |
tance north of Guttenburgh Brewery and not far from the river. It q
seems to be thoroughly established and naturalized, spreading 2
the open spaces of the wood. I first found it in 1869. G. M. q
Wiiser.—Limnanthemum laenmosm, Griseb., Babylon, L. I. J. 8. M @

4, Lace Lighen—As some of our readers wished to have the correct —
name of this curious and beautiful plant, we applied to Prof. Tuck-
erman, from whom we received the following statement : « This
lichen is one of the most remarkable of the characteristic species of a
the West Coast, where it is abundant. Its proper name is Ramalina —
reticulata, (Noehd.,) Krimpolh, but Menzies, who discovered it, :
called it (in herb.) R. retiformis, under which name I briefly refer- .
red to itin Syn. Lich. N. Eng., 1848. Dr. Taylor had, howevel, —
called it R. Menziesii in Hook. Jour. of Bot., 1847, and I published it, —
therefore, under this name in my Lich. Amer. Sept., No. 51. . But 3
the name Lichen reticulatus is much older than either of these. 4

5, New Publications.—1. Report of the Botanist of the New York State a
Museum of Natural History, Jan. 1872.—Mr. Peck must have been —
very industrious, as he reports collecting “two hundred and ninety- —
nine species new to the State, and eighty-seven new to science, twa 2
of them representing two new genera’”—a statement which implies 3
a vast amount of labor, aside from the mounting specimens and the —
general care of the herbarium. He has, besides, received from 4
others seventy-six additions to the flora of the State, and three % —
them new species. The plants new to science are of course the ee 2
er cryptogams, all of them, we believe, fungi, to which Mr. Peck an¢ —
other botanists in the State seem to be more especially devoting :
themselves. Among the new species we notice as of interest to the :
Club, Puccinia Gerardii, Peck, and Acidium Allenii, Clinton. . |
Peck gives directions for poisoning and pressing fungi, derived :
from his experience, and also what appears to be a very useful sy-
nopsis of the difficult genera Clavaria and Mcidium. He finds)?
all sixty edible fungi in the State. —

Credit is given to contributors for the plants sent, but justice
would seem to require that the collector should he named as We" —
when his name accompanies the label. The keen eye of Dr. Allen :
detected Wolfia while he was riding on a stage coach among ee :
Catskills; Mr. Denslow bequeathed specimens of Galactia mollis 20°
Commelyna Virginica to the State Herbarium ; and Messrs. Bower :
and Ruger discovered Frangula on Long Island, as has been 7
ported in the Bulletin. -

2. Clarence King’s Report of the Botany of the 40th Parallel bas
been noticed by Dr. Gray in thé American Journal for Jan., and We
are promised a fuller review of this important contribution °

3

the North American Flora. It is published as No. 18 of the “Pro-
fessional Papers of the Engineer Department, U. S. Army,” under
the direction of Maj.-Gen. A. A. Humphreys, Chief of Engineers.
The botanist of the expedition was Sereno Watson, who, with the
assistance in special orders of Prof. Baton and others, is the
author of this valuable report. There are many points of inter-
est even to local botanists. The only one we have space to re-
fer to isthe doubt indicated whether Lepidium intermedium, Gray,
is distinet from ZL. ruderale, L. In Vol. I, $51, of the Bulletin we
pomted out the resemblance of the embryos of the two forms, and
the distinction that the cleft in the radical of L. intermedium was
longer than in L. ruderale, so far as our specimens afforded an oppor-
tunity of judging.

3. The relations of botany to the earthly ring and to the zodiac
may be read in Hearth and Home for Dec. 23d ult., and in the ob-
servations of the agricultural astrologist quoted in the Jan. No. of
the American Naturalist.

6, Financial.—Subscriptions for 1872 are now due.

7. Note on Catalogue—There is some uncertainty respecting the
Specific distinctions in Amarantaceee and Polygonacee.

_8, Marsilia quadrifolia, L.—As an acute Swiss naturalist has already
discovered this plant in Fresh Pond, Cambridge, it is well to put it
on record that the plant has been introduced there by Mr. Gueri-
neau, our Gardener, and that it is becoming well established. The
Stock was originally from the American station, Lake Bantam,
Litchfield, Connecticut, sent by Dr. Allen. Asa Gray.

ATRIPLEX, Tourn.—A, patula, L. ; common ; N. Y. ; rare about Clos-
ter, very common in Orange Co., Austin: the more common
Var. hastata; everywhere about N. Y.: the nearest approach to

Var. littoralis, I have found at Communipaw, W. H. L.—A, are- -

naria, Nutt. ; rather common on the shores adjacent to N. at
Glen Cove, Coles.—The A. rosea, ., mentioned in the addenda

to the Manual, is to be looked for in our streets.

SALICORNIA, Tourn.—S, herbacea, L. ; salt marshes, common, N. Y.— — aa

S. Virginiea, L. ; Coney Island ; salt marshes, L. L., State Flora.

—K, fruticosa, L.: Var. ambigua ; “New York, Muhi.; Long Branch,

-J., Cooper,” Torr. Cat. ; Glen Cove and Rockaway beach,

State Flora ; Coney Island, Allen. 3
SUEDA, Forksal.—S, maritima, Dumortier ; common in salt marshes ;

N. Y,
SALSOLA, L.—f, kali, L. ; common ; N. Y.; Yonkers, Pooley ; Sing
Sing, Tarrytown, Hall.
AMARANTACEE. 4
AMARANTUS, Tourn.—A, panieulatus, L. ; along the Kingsbridge road,
near the upper end, or, at least, a form of Amarantus belonging y
to this section, with flowers strongly tinged with red, and nu- —
merous and rather slender spikes.—A. retroflexus, L. ; very com-
mon, with variations that need examination, one of which

4

usually passes for Var. hybridus ; N. Y.—A. albus, Li. ; common ; —
N. Y.—A. pumilus, Raf. ; beach near Babylon, State Flora.—\. a
Viridis, L. ; streets of New York and Brooklyn (64th st. near 4th —
Ave., O. W. M.), sepals regularly five.—A, Blitum, L. ; streets of :
N. Y., O. W. M. ; Staten Island, Quarantine Landing ; Weehaw- a
ken, W. H. L. ; Yonkers, Pooley. a
ACNIDA, L.—A, cannabina, L.; common in salt marshes ; certainly as
far up the Hudson as Peekskill, W. H. L.; N. Y.

POLYGONACE.
POLYGONUM, ..—P. orientale, L. ; occasional in waste grounds on N. Y.
Island, and in the surrounding districts.—P, Careyi, Olney ;
margin of a swamp between Tenafly and Cresskill, N. J., 1858, —
Austin ; near Cooper’s Glne Factory, Brooklyn, E. D., Ruger;
Central Park, R. é P.—P, Pennsylvanicum, L. ; common ; Central
Park, R. & P.—?, inearnatum, E11 ; borders of ponds, N. Y.,
Torr. Cat., but not in State Flora, unless it be included un-
der the next ; Le Roy.—P, Persicaria, L. ; very common ; N. Y.—
P. Hydropiper, L. ; common.—P, aere. H. B. K. ; common ; acheni-
um often lenticular, Austin._P, hydropiperoides, Mchx. ; not un- —
common, Torr. Cat., Austin ; Staten Island and East New York, ;
Nn. is, amphibium, L. ; Closter and Tenafly, Austin ; Cena
tral Park, R. & P.: Var. terrestre, Willd. ; English Neighbor-
hood, W. H. E.—P, Virginianum, L. ; common, N. Y.; about
Tappan and Rockland it occurs with a distinct purple spot in
the centre of the leaf, Austin.—P, articulatam, L. ; frequent on
Long Island and Staten Island.——P aviculare, L. ; very com-
mon; N. Y.: Var. ereetum, Roth. ; common ; N. Y.—P, mariti-
mum, L. ; both shores of Long Island.—P, tenue, Mchx. ; com-
mon 5 NY, —p. arifolinm, L. ; common ; N. Y.—P. sagittatum, —
L. ; common ; N. Y.—P, Convolvulus, L.; common; N. Vie
tilinode, Mchx. ; Jackson Ave., near Dutch Kills, about 3 miles
from Hunter’s Point Ferry, Ruger.—P, dumetorum, L.: Var-
scandens; common ; N. Y.

FAGOPYRUM, Tourn.—FP, esculentum, Moench ; wood paths, fields, &c.,
frequent ; N. Y.

RUMEX, L.—R, orbiculatus, Gray ; Closter, Austin ; Secaucus, East
New York? W. H ZL. ; (“R. Britanniens, L.”?) wet meadows,
Torr Cat. ; Central Park, R. & P—R, Brittanica, L. ; Hacken-
sack meadows, between New Durham and Secaucus swamps,
may be R. salicifolius, Weinmann, W. HZ [, ; Yonkers, Pooley.—
R. verticillatus, L. ; Little Snake Hill, WZ. L.—R. erispus, L ;
very common; N. Y.—R. obtusifolins, L. ; quite common, but
not reported from N. Y.—R. conglomeratus, Murray ; Wading

River, L. L., Miller, extra-limital.—R, Sanguinens, L.; “meadows

and pastures,” Torr. Cat., but not in State Flora.—R. acetosella,
L.; very common ; N, Y.

Sor seven ; and half a dollar Sor every additional .

Terms—One doliar for one copy; Jive dollars
copy, per annum.

Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St—Baitor, 224, B 10th St

vicina

Vol. I, No, 2.] BULLBTIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, (New York, February, 1872,

LAURACES.
SASSAFRAS, Nees.—8, officinale, Nees ; common; N. Y.
HINDERA, Thunberg.—L, Benzoin, Meisner ; common ; N.Y.

. THYMELEACEZ.
DIRCA, L.—D, palustris, L. ; “shady woods, N. J.,” Zorr. Cat. ; Tap-
pan, Austin; Inwood, N. Y., W. W. Denslow.

SANTALACEA.
COMANDRA, Nutt.—¢, umbellata, Nutt. ; common ; N. Y.

LORANTHACE 2.

P horadendron Jlavescens, Nutt., is said to have been seen near
Elizabeth, N. J., and on Staten Island, but lacks confirmation.
The Arceuthobium lately reported from the northern part of the
State is to be looked for within our limits.

SAURURACEZ.
SAURURUS, L.—S, cernuus, L. ; common ; N. Y.

CERATOPHYLLACEA.
CER ATOPHYLLUM, L.—, demersum, L. ; common; N. Y., probably.

CALLITRICHACEA.

CALLITRICHE, L.—t, Austini, Engelm. ; Closter, &¢., common, Austin ;
Palisades, Staten Island, W. H. L.—-(. verna, L.; common; N. Y,
—t. heterophylla, Pursh ; Closter, &c., common, Austin ; Brook-
lyn Aqueduct, Allen.

PODOSTEMACEZ:.
PONOSTENON, Mchx.—P. ceratophyllus, Mchx. ; Paramus, &c., common,
ustin,

EUPHORBIACEZE. :
EUPHORBIA, L.—E. polygonifolia, L.; common; N. Y., Torr. Cat.—k.
* maculata, L. ; common, N. Y.—E. hyperieifolia, L. ; common ; N.
Y. ; E, marginata, Pursh ; rarely escaping from cultivation.—E.
corollata, L. ; Monmouth Co., N. J., W. H. L. ; Staten Island,
Le Roy.—f, Ipecacuanhe, L. ; Long Island, State Flora ; Wood-
haven, Ruger ; Staten Island, Le Roy ; South Amboy, &c., com-
mon.—E, (yparissias, L.; escape, Chatham, N. J., W. @. L.;

Closter, &c., Austin ; Flatbush, Ruger.
ACALYPHA, L.—a, Virginiea, L. ; common; N. Y.: Var. gracilens, com- —
mon ; N. Y.—A, Caroliniana, Walt., Ell. ; Princeton, N. J., Zor-

rey in Gray’s Man. ; Closter, Austin.

EMPETRACE.
COREMA, Don.—C, Conradii, Torrey ; between Oyster Bay and Hemp- —
ad, Emmons in State Flora; Mr. Coles, of Glen Cove, writes
that he has “ sought it very generally in Queens and Suffolk
Counties, in the most likely places, without ever finding a sin-

sle specimen.”

6

URTICACEZ..

ULMUS, L.—U. fulva, Mchx. ; Palisades ; Glen Cove, Coles ; Central
Park, &. & P.-—U, Americana, L. ; common ; N. Y.—U, campestris,
L. ; in abandoned grounds. 2

CELTIS, Tourn.—f. occidentalis, L.; not uncommon; N. Y.; Glen ° |
Cove, Coles ; Weehawken, abundant ; Closter, scarce, Austin ; :
North Salem, Mead. q

MORUS, Tourn.—M, rubra, L. ; Bloomingdale, Torr. Cat.; Chatham, —
N. J., W. H. L. ; Glen Cove, Coles; Closter, scarce, Austin;
Hoboken Heights, Ruger; Central Park, R. & P.—M. alba,
L. ; rather common about the city, 86th Street, Astoria, Ho-
boken, etc., W. H. L. ; Central Park, R. d&: P.

9. Herbarium Suggestions—No. 5. Poisoning Plants.—All phenoga-
mous plants, at least, are not only liable to be attacked by in-
sects when in a dry state, but are pretty sure to be thus destroyed
in time if not properly protected. The ferns appear to be mostly
free from this danger, and it is not considered necessary to poison
& Specimen of a fern, unless it be extremely rare. @

For poisoning we use a solution of corrosive sublimate in alco-
hol, about one ounce of the sublimate to a quart of aleohol ; or the
strength may be tested by dipping a black feather in the solution,
which should not be strong enough to whiten the feather when dried. _
- Now there is one precaution with regard to the use of this solu- q
tion, which sad experience leads me to insist upon at the outset:—
corrosive sublimate acts upon all metals in common use, and forms
a dark compound which stains anything with which it comes 12
contact. Hence this solution should never be kept in a metallic
vessel, nor be applied with brush having a metallic ring ; and all
metals should even be avoided in every process to which the speci-
men is subjected after poisoning, as, for instance, in gluing.

To illustrate this danger, I will say that I once employed a per-
son to glue a large lot of valuable plants, which I had poisoned, to
my herbarium sheets. Aware of the danger referred to, I had pro-
vided a glue-pot Jined with porcelain, although made of iron.
When the job was done, I found, to my disgust, that the sheets of
paper were ruined by dark stains in almost every part, and the
specimens had to be soaked off and reapplied to fresh sheets. Up-
on examining into the cause, I found that the porcelain lining of
the pot had chipped off in places, exposing the iron ; the glue-
brush, alternately dipped in the glue and then applied to the por _
soned plants, had brought the sublimate and the iron together, —
and the unsightly color had been distributed wherever the plants
or the towel used in pressing them down had touched the white
paper. : ae
__ The solution of corrosive sublimate having been prepared, the —
Specimens may be either immersed or sprinkled. With valuable

plants, I have sometimes poured the solution into a large, shallow,
dinner plate, such as is used for joints, and immersed the whole
specimen for a second therein.

It is usually sufficient, however, and it is far more convenient to

7

apply the solution by sprinkling ; and the application need be made
im the tougher specimens only to the more tender parts of the plant
which are especially exposed to the attacks of insects—I mean the
flower itself, including the receptacle, the buds, and the younger
“se ; thus the axils of the branches should receive special atten-

The accompanying wood-cut repre-
sents the most convenient bottle for
this application. It will be noticed
that it is different in construction from
the ordinary “ drop-bottle,” and does
not require any blowing with the mouth
through one of the giass tubes, but
needs only to be inclined at an angle to

harge a fine stream of the solution -
Wherever desired. DC is the tube |
through which the fluid escapes; AB, —
the tube through which the air enters.
to supply the. place of the escaping
stream. The bottle should be filled
only to the line fe, below the lower :
opening of the tube A B, otherwise on inclining the bottle the fluid
will flow into this tube and obstruct the entrance of air. When
such a bottle is ordered of a glass-blower, unless minute directions.
are given, he will think you want an ordinary chemist’s drop-bottle
and will reverse the lengths of the tubes. The extremity C of the
discharge tube should be drawn to a very fine point. ;

After poisoning specimens they are to be laid between driers and
placed under a light weight for twenty-four hours, when, as the
alcohol is quickly absorbed. or evaporated, they will be found to be
sufficiently dry. Fi J. Be

10. Notes by Mr. Bower—The new station of Asplenium montanum,

illd., is very much more north than any before mentioned. I
have a specimen from Lancaster Co., Penn., but believe it has not
yet been reported from New Jersey. It is curious that this species”
Should make such a leap north. Aspidium fragrans, Swartz, has
een found at Bellows Falls, N. H., and among the Adirondacks,
and perhaps a time may come when both may be found growing
together. ‘They are plants of similar habits in not producing run-
hers, and, although individual roots may increase so that several
Spee may be made of one, the natural way of both is to multiply

Y Spores. co

The subject of the two modes of multiplication of plants is inter-
esting. Those with running roots do not seed freely. In my gar
den Lygodium palmatum, Swartz, creeps along and now occupies
the sod of a bed about 12x24 inches, which is a little lower than
that adjoining, but I do not see any seedlings. While young plants

of Aspidium Goldianum, Hook., and A. cristatum, Swartz, var. Clin-

tonianum, are frequent in my place, I see no seedlings of Asplenium

thelypteroi, - iti h the other way. ;
ypteroides, Mchx. ; it increases enoug hiabik peculier in mending

Struthiopteris Germanica, Willd., has 2

8

out runners two or three inches under the surface, and to a distance
of 12 to 20 inches, where a young plant springs up. For this piece _
of generosity on its part, I have planted it alone, away from. other

ferns, where its ropy runners may be removed without danger of
disturbing other things. eee

Other plants that produce seedlings with me are Jeffersonia di-
phylla, Pers., some Trilliums, and I see young plants of Agave Vir-
ginica, L. Asclepias verticillata, L., is almost a weed, coming up

through the tan iu the walks. I should say that the different beds

that contain the above-named plants are not common garden soil,

but made with much trouble from leaf mould and soil broughtfrom _

the woods. .
There is much difference in plants in adapting themselves to eir-

cumstances. Frangula Caroliniana, Gray, grows well in common —

soil, while Epigaa repens, L., will not be suited anywhere. I cannot

keep Cypripedium acaule, Ait., although I have seen it in nearly pure — ;
dry sand and in wet sphagnum. It is curious that C. acawe has —
only one bud to each plant. Itis the only one with a divided lip, —

and of our species the only one without a leafy stem. WwW. B

Il, Rhus Toxicodendron, L.—While riding in Chester Co,, Penn., near :
the Delaware State Line, I saw a cow on the bank of the road, three —
or four feet higher than the roadway, nibbling this plant which grew _

in the hedge. On my return I enquired of a farmer if cows were

known to eat the poison vine. He said he had known such cases, —

but whether it had any effect upon the milk he did not know.
Some years ago I wished to get Rhus toxicodendron. I was i-

formed that the difference between that and R. radicans was, that

the latter had entire leaves, while the leaves of the other weré

notched. Ihave found R. radicans at Bloomingdale having entire —

and notched leaves on the same branch. Subsequently I supposed
that aerial rootlets might be a distinction, but I found on the rocks

at Bergen Heights R. radicans growing up the face of the rocks, the —

main stem well fastened. to the rock by the rootlets, and at the

height of six or eight feet from the ground giving off a horizontal

branch of several feet in length, and perfectly free from rootlets. |
I have seldom found the climbing kind on trees of any height 2

swamps ; there it is more likely to be bushy, or growing on stumps __

12, Finaneial—Our expenses for the first two volumes exceed our
receipts $53.33. There are about $26 due which will probably be
paid. As our small mail, if unpaid, must be delivered at the Genera
Office in the city, we havenot always leisure to forward it. Those

‘who wish it can insure a more prompt despatch by inclosing to U8

twenty cents for the remainder of the year. The last number was
vexatiously delaved by difficulties in the mailing.

13, Oaks and Willows —We want precise information about the local

distribution of these Orders.

copy, per annum,

Local Herbarium, 3, B, 33d St—Witr, 224, B. 10th St.

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven; and half a dollar for every additional

ees |

Vol, 111, No. 3.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, — [New York, March, 1872,

NEW HEPATICH, by C. F. Avsnm.

_1. Sareoscyphus Bolanderi, Austin.—S. pusillus, dense intricate cxs-
pitosus, nigricans, rufo-fuscus et lurido-viridis ; caule repente vel
upice adscendente 1-3 lineas longo valde radiculoso innovando-
ramoso et ex apice prolifero-continuo clavato eflagellari ; foliis in-
ferioribus distantibus caule parum latioribus subverticalibus pa-
tulis, superioribus imbricatis valde majoribus subdistichis erecto-
patentibus, omnibus ovato-rotundis (magis latis quam longis)
obscure marginatis margine paullulum repandis apice }-} emar-
8inato-bilobis, sinu acuto seu obtusiusculo, lobis plerumque valde
obtusis, areolis distinctis pro genere maximis subconformibus
Subrotundis confertis subobscuris crassis, intercalaribus valde an-
gustis obscuris ; fructu
_ Hab. On exposed rocks, in the mountains of California, Bolander
(1865). fs ;
YS. Bolanderi in size about equals the European &. adustuxt (Sat
voseyphts adustug Nees), and is remarkable chiefly for its leaf-cells
being the largest of the genus, for the broad leaves being ex-
tremely variable in their position (either erectish or widely spread-
ing or even somewhat recurved, and nearly plane or very concave
or subcomplicate on the same stem), and for its very long numerous
and delicate rootlets.

S. adustus has the lower leaves somewhat appressed, acutely lobed,

and (except the very lowest ones) closely imbricated - and the are-
olation (about as in S. Fi unckii) is much smaller.

4, Sarcoseyphus Boeckii, Austin.—S. valde minutus intricato-cespi-
tosus lete viridis ; caule substricto fragili filiforme (fertili elongato-
clavato, sterili ob folia perigonialia interrupto) innovandi-ramoso
proliferove eradiculoso? eflagellari? subsemiuniciali ; foliis caulinis
valde distantibus distichis erecto-adpressis ovatis pellucidis bifidis,

Sinu lobisque acutissimis, margine smpe scariosa, areolatione 5.
Funckii, involucralibus exterioribus sensim auctis ratione latio-

tibus subimbricatis, interioribus duplo (quam exterioribus) major-

ibus in urceolam minutam oblongo-campanulatam fere ad apicem
Connatis, apice subrecurvo acute emarginato (lobis valde acu-

tis) ; perianthio delicatissimo semiconnato inyolucro fere sequi-

°ngo ; capsula globosa ; foliis perigonialibus valde majoribus semi-
globoso-coneavis imbricatis brevius emarginatis, lobis sepe obtusis;
Perigoniis (2-3) magnis longiuscule stipitatis. __ , Po

Hab. With §. z and Alicularia scalaris, in the Norwegian /
Alps, Prof. Back (1869). : 7

§. Boeckii is remarkable for its very mmute size (about like Jun-
germannia divaricata), distant appressed and very acutely lobed
es ; the involucral ones connate aa to the subrecurved apex,

€ perigonial abruptly much enlarged, etc. __ :

© leaf is cates Se deeply and acutely bifid, but its shape :
and texture, and the shape of the fertile stem are almost precisely
88 In Gymnomitrium concinnatum. oo. : ae
S. Funckii is a much larger species, with imbricated slightly se-

(= ‘
a- S, A Od + :

10

cund leaves, which are not appressed to the stem, and are some-
what obtusely lobed ; the involucre is larger, and shorter in pro-
portion to its size; its leaves are connate only at the base, and have
their obtusely lobed apex subincurved or straight, the outer ones
much larger and convolute ; perianth much shorter than the in-
volucre, and connate only at its base ; capsule smaller in propor-
tion, ete.

3, Neapania Qakesi, Austin.—Sc. foliis obovatis subpatentibus (sepe
deflexis) convexis arcte complicato-bilobis obtusis serrato-dentatis,
lobo dorsali dimidio minore subrotundo minutius dentato, superio-
ribus (prasertim involucralibus) duplo majoribus grossius dentatis
margine versus basin carinaque saturate purpureis dentibus valde
majoribus calcariformibus (curvatis) armatis ; perianthio brevius-
culo oblongo fere a basi ad apicem leniter recurvo, ore truncato
dentato ; antheridiis cum paraphylliis (ut szepe in Sc. nemorosa in-
venta sunt) immixtis.

Var. a, Caule erecto 2-3 unciali ex apice prolifero eradiculoso.
nonnunquam e ventre flagellari (flagellis brevissimis) toto longitu-
dine seque folioso ; foliis obovatis vel subtrapezoideo-rotundis basi
saturate ceeteroquin pallido-purpureis ; inflorescentia dioica ; foliis
perigonialibus valde minoribus oblongis inflatis margine superiore
ad basin calcaratis.

Var. 8, Perianthio longiore fusco-purpureo ; foliis longioribus |
oblongo-obovatis vel subcuneatis subdimidiatis haud vel minus pa-
tentibus basi margineque saturate purpureis csteroquin viridibus,
inferioribus magis minusve sphacelatis; inflorescentia monoica ;
foliis perigonialibus haud brevioribus latioribus magis imbricatis
basi excavatis. ;

Var. y. Caule brevi (circa $—3-uniciali) basi decumbente valde
radiculoso ; foliis magis equaliter bilobis fere toto lete viridibus,
carine dentibus minus calcaratis ; perianthio breviore apice latiore
subplicato, ore inciso-ciliato ; perigonialibus ut in Var. A.

Var. 6. Caule radiculoso; foliis minus dentatis, inferioribus sepée
carina calcaratis, superioribus minus auctis ‘carinw dentibus mino-
ribus ; perigonialibus haud visis.

Hab. Var. a and , in the region of the White Mountains of
New Hampshire, Oakes. Var. y, in the Lake Superior region, Ca-
nada, Macoun. Var. 6, Observation Inlet, Columbia, Oregon, Dr.
Scouler in Herb. Torrey.

X. Oakesi appears to be very closely allied to S. wndulata, Var.
purpurea ; but is readily distinguished by the large spur-like teeth,
on the carina of the uppermost leaves. :

4, Jungermannia crenuliformis, Aust., Hep. Bor. Amer. Exsic. ined.
No. 31.—J. examphigastriata, dense lateque cespitosa, fusco vel
miniato rufescenti-viridis ; caule fertili repente substricto simplici —
sursum Increscendo (radiculis plerumque purpureis) valde radicu- —
loso, sterili subadscendente graciliore sursum decrescendo ; foliis —
orbiculatis cellulis confertioribus crassioribus parum majoribus oS
quadratis marginatis valde concavis (siccatis ob marginem valde —

TE gen ra nT ee eee ie

11

constrictam fere cupulatis) leniter repando-undulatis integris vel
subemarginatis e basi radiculigera subventricosa et subappressa
oblique patentibus (ad caulem valde oblique insertis) parumper de-
eurrentibus, in caule sterili etiamnum magis concavis distinctius
Marginatis erecto-verticalibus ; perianthio parvo subovato cum in-
Volucri foliis plus minusve connato haud vel parum exserto basi ra-
diculoso primum apice subtriquetro acutiusculo et a lateribus sub-
compresso, uno latere plano vel 1-2- altero 3( -5)-plicato, demum
teretiusculo atque apice subrostelliforme, plicis omnino bistriolatis ;
capsula ovali-globosa ; calyptra seepe violacea.

Hab. On rocks along ‘rivulets, near Closter, N. J.; associated
with Jung. pumila, With., and J. Jossombronioides, Aust. ; also in
Coschocton County, Ohio, Sullivant.

Allied to Jungermannia crenulata, Smith ; but more robust and
densely czespitose ; leaves much more concave (when dry almost

up-shaped ), composed of smaller cellules, less strongly margined,
much more obliquely attached to the stem, and never appressed ;
color never red ; perianth smaller, the angles not keeled, etc. ; be-
sides, the habitat is different.

Very distinct from Alicularia scalaris in the want of amphiga-
Stria, in the less crowded more spreading much less emarginate
leaves, ete.

Cells of the leaves subrotund or suboval, obtusely angular, some-

what enlarged but scarcely elongated towards the base; those on
the constricted margin (one or two somewhat interrupted rows)
More or less quadrate and crowded, and often. becoming whitish

by age.
On account of the straightish simple stems, and strongly concave

‘leaves (with a constricted margin), the sterile plant has a striking

resemblance to some forms of Sphagneccetis communis, Nees.
Mode of growth much as in Jung. fossombronioides ; but smaller,

“and with a differently shaped perianth, ete.

§. Jungermannia Wattiana, Aust.—J. caule crassiusculo 2-4 lineas
longo fragili subflexuoso arcuato subintricato valde radiculoso,
gemmiparo spiciformi; foliis erecto-subverticalibus subpatulisve
Subovatis concavis emarginato-bilobis, inferioribus lobis plerumque
acutis, superioribus acutis obtusisve sepe apiculatis incurvisque,
sinu Imnulato angulatoye, areolis subrotundis majusculis ; amphi-

rake, subobsoletis valde difformibus plerumque ex ovato subpili-
oO

Tmi-acuminatis in subulatam transeuntibus margine hie illie
ciliato-appendiculatis apice incurvis; perianthio terminali parvo
inflato lageniformi-ovato, apice (contracto) albido, ore ciliato ; in-
volucri foliis param majoribus subundulatis minus profunde bilobis;
colore fusco-viridi vel brunneo. hie 2
Hab, On the ground; associated with Sphagnecetis Macounii,
nia brevicaulis, ete., in the Lake Superior region, Macoun,

ee
; ae Communicated by D. A. P. Watt, Esq., of Montreal, Canada.

bout the size of J. excisa, Dicks—Remarkable for the small
lageniform-ovate perianth, its contracted mouth shorter than in J.
Gillmani, The gemmiparous stems are much as in J. Helleriana

12

and J. porphyroleuca, Nees. They are abruptly contracted near the
middle‘into a dense obtuse spike, which is clothed with closely ap- _
pressed leaves, of a loose oblong areolation. Gemme pale green.

. 6, Jungermannia Sullivantie, Aust.—J. caule arcte repente flexuoso
late ceespitoso ; foliis subovatis caule parum latioribus albidis dissi--
tiusculis erecto-patulis vel subhorizontalibus subconcavis planisve
basi valde angustata sessilibus ad 4-3-bifidis, sinu obtuso, lacinus
valde acutis subdivaricatis aut subconniventibus ; perianthio in ra-
mulo ventrali perbrevi terminali valde plicato obovato-oblongo sub
pressura obconico primum triquetro demum tereti, ore profunde
circa 10-fido eodemque numero plicato, laciniis subconniventibus
serratis subintegerrimisve ; foliis involucralibus tribus majoribus
erectis plerumque bi(-tri)-fidis margine externa plerumque unr —
dentatis, uno ex tribus omnino integro angustiori valde obtuso —
heteromorphio amphigastriforme.—J. bicuspidata, var. 2, Sulliv.
‘Muse. Alleghan. n. 241.

Hab. On decayed wood, Ohio, Sullivant ; Mlinois, L. Hall.

Remarkable for the very narrow base of the leaf, and for the
mostly bifid involucral leaves, with a large tooth on the outside —
‘near the middle or towards the base. One of the three involueral Ee
leaves (the ventral one) is usually narrower than the others, of an
oblong shape, very obtuse and entire at the apex. Color of the —
whole plant whitish or very pale—Resembles small forms of J. bicus-
pidata, Linn., in the leaves, but differs very widely in the shape a |
the perianth. J. extensa, Taylor, Syn. Hep., p. 685, differs in the
linear-lanceolate perianth with the mouth denticulate. J. supind,
l.c., p. 684, differs in the unequally bifid leaves, &e.

7, Jungermannia Gillmani, Aust.—J. caule abbreviato dense cespl
toso prostrato subarcuato e ventre valde radiculoso ex apice vald
incrassato et decendente prolifero-continuo; foliis orbiculato-ovatis
verticalibus subconcavis laxe textis bifidis, inferioribus sinu dent
busque plerumque acutis, superioribus valde majoribus plus minusve
undulatis emarginato-bilobis, lobis plerumque rotundatis nonnuD-
quam apiculatis, sinu plerumque obtuso ; amphigastriis filiform!
bus vel filiformi-subulatis ‘aut sepe sublanceolatis nonnullo valde
ineequaliter et profunde (raro subsequaliter et breviter ) bifidis cauli 4
adpressis, apice incurvo, basi in uno yel utroque lateribus unicily
ato-appendiculata ; perianthio dorsali (adspectu terminali) sessill
-exinvolucrato (vel raro brevipedicellato atque subinvolucrato) ver-
ticali obovato-lageniforme antice subgibboso, apice albido valde
angustato profunde laciniato (semper ?), ore ciliato. -
In a cave in a cliff of Potsdam sandstone, Traine Island, _
Lake Superior (Michigan), Henry Gillman (1867). |

About the size and with much the general appearance of J. inter- —
media, Lindbg., or Scapania brevicaulis, Tayl. Color fascous- or pale
green. Stems cespitose, 1-3 lines long, thick, upwardly much enlarg-_
ed, densely radiculose underneath, terminating in a turion-like de-
scending proliferous apex ; innovations subventral. Rootlets long _
and intricate, fuscous, most numerous from underneath the turion
like apex of the stem. Leaves vertical, orbicular, ovate-orbicular

13

or sometimes even broader than long, subconcave, emarginate or
bifid, and often slightly narrowed at the apex, obscurely margined,
at least the upper ones, which are much enlarged and more obtuse-

. lyand less deeply lobed and undulate ; lobes usually very obtuse or
rounded, but often acute or acutish at the apex, frequently apicu-
late ; sinus varying from very broad and obtuse in the upper leaves
to narrow and acute in the lower ones; areolation large and rather
lax. Amphigastria appressed to the stem and more or less hidden
among the rootlets, setaceous or subulate, or the uppermost ones
Sometimes lanceolate, usually composod of 2-3 rows of cellules,
often, however, of a single row, and not infrequently (the upper
ones) of 4-6 or more rows, mostly entire but sometimes (the broad-
er ones somewhat equally, the narrower ones very unequally) bifid,
mostly with an erect cilia-like tooth on one or both sides at the
base, the apex incurved. Perianth situated on the back of the tu-
rion-like apex of the stem (much as in Fossombronia/) vertical and
at aright angle to the stem, mostly sessile and without involucral
leaves, rarely short-pedicled, and then with 1-2 leaves on the short
stalk, obovate-lageniform (suddenly much contracted above the _
middle into along narrow neck), somewhat gibbous on the front
side, the mouth slightly funnel-shaped, ciliate, and at length incised.
Pistillidia numerous. Antheridia in the axils of enlarged leaves
hear the apex of the stem and innovations. Although the base of
the perianth is included between the upper pair of stem-leaves,
these have no connection with and are arranged without reference
to it. Their base is fully 2-3 times as broad as the base of the
perianth and obliquely attached to the stem, and their apex points __
in a different direction from that of the perianth. Stemsare found
bearing perianths of both the present and the previous year’s growth ;
these contain numerous pistillidia, which, notwithstanding the pre-

sence of antheridia, are all sterile.

8. Sphagnoecetis Macounii, Aust.—Spb. caule intricato c ventre stolo-
nifero vel innovante ramoso parce radiculoso nonnullo subjulaceo”
sursum decrescendo atque apice gemmigero ; foliis arcte et laxe im-
bricatis ovali-rotundis maxime concavis appressis vel oblique sub-
patulis angustissime hyalino-marginatis integris et integerrimis
aureo-viridibus nitidissimis elegantissime punctato et substriolato-
areolatis, intercalaribus latis vitreo-pellucidis ; amphigastriis sub-
obsoletis ovato-lanceolatis; caule gemmigero proprio albescente
stoloniforme succulento subclavato, foliis arcteappressissubechloro- __
phyllosis tenuibus laxissime suboblongo-et distinctius striolato-
ee apice subemarginatis erosis; gemmis pallidis ovalibus ;

ctu ignoto. 5

en damp ground in the Lake Superior region, associated —
with other Hepatice ; also with Hypnum stellatum, H. revolvens,
Myurelia julacea, Blindia acuta, ete. ae coe

An elegant species,—scarcely as large as Gymnomitrium coneinna- —
twm, Corda, and possibly belonging to the section Scalariformia
of the same genus, but in most respects it resembles a Sphagne-
cetis,

14

Remarkable for the strongly concave leaves, with the margin
much constricted in the dry state, as in Jung. crenuliformis, Aust.,
and Sphagnecetis communis, Nees.

The leaves are of a beautiful golden green color, and shive asif .

polished or glazed. They are composed of largish punctiform cells,
which have the contents collected into a somewhat stellate form,
and are arranged in straightish rows, the marginal ones scarcely

differ from the others, while those at the base in the centre are _

considerably enlarged ; intercellular spaces rather broad and of a
glassy transparency ; dorsal margin subdecurrent, its cellules not
elongated. Cells of the stem larger and oval-hexangular, other-
wise much like those of the leaves.

The gemmiparous stems, on account of their whitish and closely
appressed leaves, look very much like the ordinary stems of Gym-
nomitrium concinnatum ; cellules of the leaves larger and much

‘ce distinctly arranged in rows than are those of the ordinary
eaves.

9, Madotheca Bolanderi, Austin.—M. caule subsimplici flexuoso sicci-

tate subtortuoso tumido 1-2 uncias longo (eum foliis) cirea 24 li-

neas lato inferne defoliato ; foliis dense imbricatis dimidiato-ovato
oblongis obtusis planiusculis patentissimis subsquarrosis in siccis
magis minusve convoluto-decurvis cellulis parum crassioribus sub-
marginatis, margine repanda vel hic illic candato-dentata, ventrali
hand inflexa rectiuscula haud expansa, dorsali ad basin longe pro-
tracta caulemque obtegente, cellulis rotundis subobscuris haud ful-
gentibus subuniformibus ; lobo fere discreto parvo lanceolato-sub-
ulato, faleato contorto canaliculato obtuso vel acuto, margine re-
pando-undulato, basi valde inzequali longe decurrente parce cauda-
to-lacinulato ; amphigastriis caule vix latioribus lingulato-cvatis
oblongisve-obtusis acutisve nonnunquam apiculatis szepe apice fissis,

marginibus longe decurrentibus repando-undulatis (preecipue ver- _

sus basin) caudato-lacinulatis ; perianthio magno e basi breviter
obconica late ovato subcompresso superne leniter (circa 5-) undu-
lato-plicato subtus versus basin bicarinato alatove? versus apicem
acute 1-nervo, ore angustato truncato minute ciliato ; capsula ovali ;
elateribus uni(—bi)-spiris ; foliorum involucralium lobis valde ine-
qualibus acutis subdenticulatis crenulatis? marginatis, amphiga-
striis acute bifidis. ces

Hab. California, Bolander (1865).

The chief characters of this species are the short, tumid, subflex-
uous and slightly twisted, nearly simple stems, naked below ; the

oblongish (when moist), nearly plane and widely spreading, rather —

distinctly margined upper leaf-lobe, its lower margin not in the
least expanded nor inflexed, its dorsal margin expanded into

rounded auricle which stretches far over the stem; the long-decur- —
rent, tortuous and crisped, and more or less caudate lower lobe —

_ and amphigastria; the large perianth, sharply 2-keeled or somewhat
_ winged underneath, and indistinctly nerved above, the very acute

_ and acuminate lower lobe of the involucral leaves, and the oval cap-
_ sule. The upper lobe of the leaf is sometimes slightly undulate oD

15

the lower margin ; when detached from the stem both its margins
are frequently slightly ascending, giving it a subconcayve appear-
ance. There are frequently 1-2 or 3 caude-like teeth, chiefly to-
wards the base, on the upper margin. There are usually 3 caud@
on each side of the amphigastria towards the base.

Probably closely related to I. Niesiana, Lindbg., Synop. Hepat.,
P. 271; but that does not appear to be sufficiently described, and it
el ae = have the lower lobe of the leaf oblong, and the amphigas-
ria obtuse.

10, Madotheca Sullivantii, Aust—Caule plerumque simpliciter pin-
hato siccando apice valde decurvo, foliis madefactis erectioribus,
margine ventrali stricta multumque involutiori, cellulis majoribus
punctato-stelliformibus, perianthio ventre late carinato, carina bi-
angulata, ete., facile ab J. involuta, Hampe, distinguendua.— Aust.
Hep. Bor. Amer. Exsic. ined., No. 94.

_ Hab. In the Atleghany Mountains, W. S. Sullivant (1845).

About the size and with much the general appearance of large
forms of Radula pallens.—Readily recognized by the very straight
and strongly involute ventral margin of the leaf, ete.

_Il, Lejennia Sullivantie, Aust.—L. caule stricto appresso parce di-
viso vel subsimplice ; foliis subimbricatis oblique obovato-rotundis
erecto-patentibus margine subrepandis, areolis parviusculis sub-
obscuris versus marginem sensim decrescentibus, lobulo subeucul-

to unidentato ; amphigastriis caule duplo vel triplo latioribus
ovato-orbiculatis sinu angusto bifidis, laciniis semiovatis acutius-
culis : sterilis—Hepat. Bor. Amer. Exsic. ined. No. 96.—L. serpylli-
Solia, var., Sulliv. Muse. Alleghan. No. 273.

Hab. On the bark of trees and on the ground!. in the Southern
States, Sullivant, (1845); Louisiana, Prof. A. Featherman (1870).

: About the size of L. serpyllifolia, or a little larger.—Readily dis- _
tinguished byits straightish subsimple stems, and by the subopaque
TO ary cellules, which sensibly diminish towards the margin of

e leaf. :

22. Frullania Wrightii, Aust.—F. dioica, di(-tri)-gyna ; caule brevi
Prostrato subfasciculatim tel vage ramoso ; foliis imbricatis subro-
tundis obliquis valde convexis oblique decurvis siccatis subconyo-
lutis apice et margine inferiore subinflexis basi insequaliter cordatis
margine integerrimis, areolis parvis haud convexis basilaribus parce
majoribus marginalibus subquadratis ; auriculis mediocribus cucul-
lato-galeatis rotundis subovatisve basilaribus et apicalibus explana-
fis cauli subcontiguis vel subdistantibus, lobulo dentiformi interjecto
Parvo plerumque lineari-lanceolato ; amphigastriis late obovatis ad

4 emarginato-bidentatis margine repando-dentatis caule sesqui vel =>
duplo latioribus ; ramulo fructifero perbrevi subclavato vel adspec- _

tu fere capituliforme arcte foliato; foliis seph open valde —
Tibus basi sensim angustata sessilibus uno alterove cum amphigas-
trio coalitis, lobulo dorsali oblongo integerrimo vel subrepando
_ 8pice cucullato-inflexo, ventrali dimidio breviore ovato-lanceolato
Spe subfalcato acuto planiusculo vel subcanaliculato margine me-

*

16

dio hic illic dentato vel integerrimo basi uni-lacinulato : pl. mase.

ignota.

Hab. New Mexico, Chas. Wright (1861), in Herb. Sullivant.

Has much the general appearance of some forms of J. colotis,
Nees ; but that has the leaves scarcely imbricated, much less con-
vex, less decurved, more ovate, repand and subcrenulate on the
margin ; auricle smaller, often sublunulate, or most frequently ex-
planate ; amphigastria rather wider and rounder; ordinary leaf-
cells larger, the central ones much more inflated, the basal ones
strikingly convex, ete. oe, :

Remarkable for the cucullate apex of the upper lobe of the invo- —
lucral leaf—The perianth is very young, but appears to be some- —
what winged on the keels, etc., as well as on the margin. The au- —
ricle is rather variable—often compressed, sometimes nearly touch- —
ing the stem, at others about as distant as in F’. wolotis ; at the base
and apex of the stem and branches it is always expanded into® —

suboval or oblong obtuse lamina, with a largish triangular-lanceo-
late tooth near its base.

13.’ Frollania Sullivantia, Aust.—F. monoica, minuta, pallida, vage —
ramosa ; foliis oblique ovato-rotundis obtusissimis convexis apice —
decurvis cellulis crassioribus coloratis vel in medio dispersis vel 1D _
linea moniliforme brevi et e serie singula aut duplici et ultra exstruct®
collectis ornatis ; auricula parviuscula obovata et obovato-rotunds ;
cauli adproximata (vix stipitata) basi latiuscula folii margme®
haud attingente ; amphigastriis obovato-rotundis caule parum lati-
oribus planis margine subrepanda utrinque subunidentatis ; per
anthio subimmerso obovato valde obtuso subtriquetro, dorso con-
vexo, ventre breviter unicarinato utrinque leniter angulato.

Hab, On trees in a cedar swamp near Urbana, Ohio ; detected
by Mr. W. S. Sullivant. (Sparingly mixed with Radula obconica an
-Phragmicoma clypeata in Muse. Alleghan. ) i

Smaller than the smallest forms of F. Grayana, Mont.; from which .

_ it differs in its vague ramification, flatter and more closely creeps —
stems ; always obtuse leaves, with the bead-like cellules in the ce2-
tre most frequently collected into an irregular patch, or when fort™- —
ing a moniliform chain they do not run so obliquely through ihe 2

_and consist of two or more rows (rarely of a single row) ; auricle —
shorter and placed close to the stem and parallel with it, its bas?
not extending to the base of the leaf, its mouth less contracted 5
amphigastria smaller (about 14 times as wide as the stem), plane
angular or repand, and usually with a distinct obtuse tooth on each

_ side above the middle ; involucral leaves and amphigastria shortel
their divisions less canaliculate ; perianth more immersed, the ape
retuse or obtuse and crowned with a shorter apiculus, whose mout

is slightly expandéd and strongly papulose ! inflorescence MOD@”
-_ elous, ete.

14. Frullania pendula, Aust.—Caule prostrato alternatim bipinnate +
ramulis strictiusculis divaricato-patentibus apice vix attenuatis 5
foliis imbricatis oblique lateque cordato-ovatis (magis latis quam
ee aoe concavis integerrimis apice obtusissimis incurvis marg?
ee I~ zy, oe

*

17 ;

ventrali abrupte subdecurrentibus, auricula parva obovata vel sub-
clavata pendulo-deflexa a caule distante tecta, lobulo dentiforme
interjecto minutissimo e serie singula cellularum minutarum ex-
structo, areolis parvis rotundis vel ovalibus maxime steliiformibus ;
amphigastriis maximis reniformi-ovatis (sesqui vel duplo latioribus
quam longis) emarginato-bilobis, sinu acuto, lobis latissime ovatis
subacuminato-apiculatis, margine plana integerrima, medio umbon-
nato ; spicula masculina rotundo- vel oblongo-ovata ; fructu... .

Hab. Viti or Fiji Islands, Dr. B. Seemann, No. 834, partly (1860)
in Herb. Sulliv.

A rather large species, the stems 2-3 inches long by about 1 inch
wide.—Remarkable chiefly for the auricle being suspended below
the leaf and covered by the amphigastria, which are usually as largo
as the leaves and often twice as broad as long, with the lobes acu-
minate.

/

15. Fimbriaria violacea, Aust.—Differt a F. Bolanderi, Aust.: statura
Majore, fronde densissime areolata haud marginata subtus latius
costata densius radiculosa, squamis brevioribus vix solutis, pedun-
culo crassiori breviori? basi submultum et toto longitudine parce
piloso nigro-purpureo, receptaculo femineo majore subconoideo
siccato haud umbonato plerumque tricarpo subtus longissime bar-
bato et piloso, (pileis tubulosis intus [ut in radiculis | muriculatis),
perianthiis subdependentibus subpyriformi-ovatis 12-16-fidis vio-
laceis.;.a F. echenella, Gottsche, et F’. elegans, Spreng. : fronde angu-
stiore rigidiore concavo-canaliculata siccitate arcte involuta, recep-
taculo femineo haud tuberculoso, ete.

Hab. California, Bolander (1866).

About the size of F. tenella, Nees, and with much the same shap-
ed fertile receptacle.—The specimens are immature and the peduncle
(about 6 lines high) is probably not fully developed. The frond is
1-1} lines wide by usually less than 1 inch in length, rigid, strong- ?
ly concave-caniculate, when dry involute (as in Grimaldia barbifrons),
densely areolated and pale green above, convex-thickened densely
radiculose imperfectly squamulose distantly subpunctate and dark
purple beneath. The floriferous innovations are very small, often
Scarcelyexceeding a line in length, and much less squamulose than
in F. Bolanderi ; the antheriferous ones aré usually smaller than
the others. The fertile receptacle is areolated above like the frond,
hearly smooth, and usually 3-fruited. The perianths are of afine —
violetcolor, and not subhorizontally spreading as in L’. Bolanderi. u

In F. elegans there are no scales underneath the much less rigid :

roader and exareolated frond ; the pale peduncle often arises from |
the apex of a continuation of the main frond; the lateral innovations —
are larger and more fully developed (1-24 lines broad) , ete. _ How-
ever the chief characteristic of both this species, and I. echinella, a.
ey prominently tuberculated upper surface of the fertile re-
ceptacle.

16. Notothylas, SuiZiv. Muse. Allegh. (1845).—(Carpolipum, Nees.
Syn. Hep. p. 591—Carpobolus, Sohweinitz in Journ. Acad. Philadelph.
AL p. 367. £. 2.)—The elaters of this genus (funiculi, Nees, 1. c.) are

t= fo
; ff Bs

18

essentially as in Anthoceros, but broader and shorter and still more
heteromorphous. Like the spores, they are developed in a delicate
globular utriculus, which contains from one to four of them, and
which disappears upon their arriving at maturity. They usually
separate at maturity, but may occasionally be seen adhering to-
gether, or even closely adhering to the spores. They appear to
about equal the spores in number, and nearly in size, and are of a
yellowish brown color, hyaline, much compressed and angular, and
of a great variety of odd shapes,—usually oblongish but. often
(when borne singly) nearly or quite as broad aslong. They are
frequently variously marked (within) by faint lines or fibres, which
are sometimes reticulated, sometimes spiral and sometimes annular,
but often irregularly tortuous. The coloring matter is mostly col-
lected into the fibres and angles, the latter of which are obtusish
and obscurely thickened. as
Spores at first in 4s (utriculi matricales seminum quadrispermi !),
at length mostly separating, roundish, flattish, obscurely angled,
and nearly smooth. Antheridia very large, composed of large 1n-
flated convex cellules, usually borne singly in deep pits in the upper
surface of the frond, which are surrounded by a jagged margin.
Rootlets smooth or minutely granulose (within).

17, February Meeting.—At the meeting of the Torrey Botanical Club
held February 27, 1872, Prof. John Torrey in the chair, Dr. Parry
laid before the meeting two rare plants from Oregon, collected by
E. Hall—Coptis aspleniifolia, Salisb., figured in Hooker’s Flora Bo-
reali-Americana, and a new species of Isopyrum, named Hallit by
Dr. Gray after the discoverer. This last would be a very desirable
addition to the garden, being quite ornamental in foliage and
flower, and an early bloomer. :

Mr. Leggett presented to the College Herbarium a specimen with
cone of a new species of pine—Pinus Elliottii, Engelm.—from South
Carolina, sent by H. W. Ravenel, Esq. co

Also were shown the following new books belonging to the Her-
barium Library : :

Flora of the Galapagos Archipelago. J. D. Hooker.

Internationales Worterbuch der Pflanzennamen. W. Ulrich. _

Geschichte und Litteratur der Lichenologie. A. von Kumpelhuber-

Die Vegetation der Erde. A. Grisebach. ;

Sertum Tianschanicum. Baron Fr. v. d. Osten-Sacken und F.
J. Ruprecht

Wonders of Vegetation. Translated by Prof. Schele de Vere-

Botanische Theil ; Fungi, Hepaticse and Musci ; Voyage of the
Frigate Novara around the World. H. W. Reichardt.

Sketches of the Botany of Pennsylvania. By Prof. Thos. Gi?
Porter, Easton, Pa.

Members present, sixteen, viz.: Messrs. Torrey, Paine, Wilber,
Hogg, Ruger, Leggett, Hall, Merriam, Wood, Parker, C. B. Ge
rard, McIntyre, Hyatt, Gross, Parry, Le Roy. P. V. Lx Roy, Sec.

18, Wood's Plant Press.—The method of drying botanical specimen®

19

heretofore generally practised, a method more particularly de-
scribed in the November and December Bulletins, is tedious and
burdensome. Few, we think, will deny this. The collector who
attempts to keep up with the season of flowers must have in use an
immense quantity of paper—must rearrange specimens and paper
at least twice a day—must thoroughly dry the sheets separately
daily—all this besides the collecting makes botany a business rather
— a recreation, and leaves too little time for study or any other

y.

It is the drying-press which is in fault—that old-fashioned press
used by botanists from Linneus down. True, it has done good
_ Service, and so has the sewing-needle. Shall the sewing-machine be

rejected on this account? If the intolerable drudgery of plant-
( g by absorption can be obviated by an invention, why not try
it? Wood's wire-press, described in the “ Botanist and Florist,”
p. 10, and “ Class-Book,” p. 15, is such an invention, unpatented,
free to all collectors. It dries by evaporation rather than absorp-
tion, and thus makes available all the sources of heat, whether nat+.
ural or artificial. It requires comparatively but little paper—less
than half the amount needed in the old process ; hence it is port-
able, and serves the double purpose of portfolio and press. It re-
quires no changing of specimens and papers, no drying of damp
and mildewed: sheets.
: fair weather the wire press dries in the wind and sunshine ;
im foul weather, by the fire. In either case, after one or two days
€ specimens will be found thoroughly cured, and 2s bright in
colors as ig possible by any other known method.
_, Lo the travelling collector this form of press is invaluable. With
it so light is his labor in drying his specimens that it occasions
him little if any delay, and so light his luggage that a single don-
€y will suffice him in lieu of half a dozen for its transportation.
ith this simple press the writer, during a single year, cured more
than three thousand specimens, in a protracted journey of about
fteen hundred miles. A, We

19, Drop-Rottle. See the Figure in the last No—I have the jet, C,

ed obliquely upwards; the air-tube, A, turned downwards ;

and at the other end of the jet, D, a small bell made in the tube to
old a wisp of cotton for a much needed strainer. D: GE.

20, Marsilia quadrifolia, L.—I have from Florida a Marsilia so le-
lled, but it is more likely to be one of the western species, J/.
Uncinata, Braun, for instance. D. 0. -E:
21, Euphorbia Helioseopia, L.—Abounds near the river bank, and
ther back across the river, opposite to the Main Street dock,
P oughkeepsie, I have never seen it nearer to New York City. —
%. Cryptogam : Th TF vecpher. of the
. ie Publications —We have received The Erysiphet of the
_ United States, by M. C. Cooke, M.A., and C. H. Peck, reprinted from
the Journal of Botany, for January, 1872.—Also a prospectus of
Grevillea, a Monthly Record of Cryptogamic Botany, with Illustrations,

_ The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the monthinthe Herbarium, Columbia College, at 744 P-

20

from Mosses downwards, “ somewhat like Hedwigia.” 5 shillings
sterling, post free. Address M. C. Cooke, 2, Grosvenor Villas,
Junction Road, London, N.

23, Quereus and Salix—After reading De Candolle’s experience m
determining the species of Quercus, one with more limited means
of comparison may well hesitate before pronouncing positively.
The stable distinctions necessary for classification are not always
to be found, though the conviction remains that such distinctions
must exist The scientific study of the variations of specific forms _
is one of the most pressing needs of Biology. We shall welcome
any observations tending in this direction. The opening season
will soon afford an opportunity for a study of the Willows of our —
district, about which we are quite unfurnished with data, Weim- —
vite those of our friends who have the opportunity to study this
family to communicate the results to us, and specimens to the :
Club Herbarium. a.
_ Of Quercus bicolor, Willd., Mr. Austin writes that it is “most neat-
ly related to (). macrocarpa, Mchx. The acorns are perfectly sim
lar in both, and unlike in some respects those of any other species + <4
a true White Oak.” Of Q. prinus, L.: “I have never been able to q
see wherein the var. monticola differs from this.” Messrs. Austin 4
and Allen both express a decided conviction that Q. tinctoria 18 ®
very distinct species. That Oaks may hybridize, we have received
from Dr. Engelmann a remarkable example in a specimen labelled .
“ Quercus palustris-imbricaria, hybris, near St. Louis, single tree,
May, 1870.”—We had supposed the Chestnut Oak, Q. prinus, Vale
acuminata, to be one of our most common Oaks, but finding no 8p — 3
cimen from this region in our possession, we referred to the State
Flora, where Chemung Co. is the only locality given. We have —
found it in Connecticut, and Gray’s Manual says it iscommon™ —
the Middle States.

BROUSSONETIA, Vent.—B, Papyrifera, Vent. ; Laurel Hill, L. 1, Ruger —
fruits finely in Greenwood Cemetery, W. H. L.; frequent ™
cultivation or springing up from suckers. ’ oe

URTICA, Tourn.—, fracilis, Ait. ; common ; N. Y.—U. dioica, L. ; not E
rare about roadsides ; N. Y.; Staten Island; Bergen Hill; ,

. Train’s Meadow, etc., Ruger ; Glen Cove, Coles. :

LAPORTEA, Gandichaud.—tL, Canadensis, Gaud.; common; N. Y5
Fort Washington, W. H. L. :

PILEA, Lindl—P, pumila, Gray ; very common ; N. Y. ey

BOEHMERIA, Jack.—B, cylindriea, Willd. ; “In shady swamps, Bloom 7
ingdale and Weehawken,” Torr. Cat., Central Park, R. & P.5 |
Closter, common, Austin ; rather common on L. L ; the vat)
B. lateriflora, by Bedford Creek, Ruger.

Ferms—One dollar for one copy ;
copy, per annum.

iceman’!

Jive dollars for seven; and half a dollar for every addition® '

Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St.—Rditor, 224, B 10th St.

Vol 1. No.4} © BULLBTIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. [Now York, April, £872.

ae -PLATANACER. satis
den es oreidentalis, L. ; common; N. Y. ; Central Park,”

JUGLANDACEZ. . of ,
JUGLANS, .—J. cinerea, L. ; rather common ; in woods, Manhattan-
ville, Torr. Cat. ; Central Park, R. d P.—J, nigra, L. ; not un-
common ; woods, Torr. Caf ; native, Walnut Ridge, Passaic
Co., N. J., also Sussex Co., Austin ; Central Park, R. & P. ;
Glen Cove, Coles.—J, hybrida, LeConte ; vide Torr. Cat. and
State Flora. Some of our ‘Flushing friends should look into
"oe history of*the seedlings said to have been raised ‘by: Mr. -
rince.

4, Danthonia, DC.—D, Alleni, n. sp—Culm sparingly branched,

stout, erect, about three feet high, triangular and compressed (at

_ least below in the dried state), and with the narrow side concave. |
Leaves moderately long, flat, about two lines wide ; midnerve con-
spicuous beneath but not visible on the upper side ; sheaths naked —
and polished, the lower ones large and conspicuously imbricated 5
ligule with numerous long and delicate fringes.. (Terminal) panicle —
decompound, subsecund, rather open, its branches longish and
(each one) subtended by a subulate bract, which is about as long
as the glumes. Glumes about reaching to the bristles of the upper-"
nost flowers of the spikelets. Spikelets about 15 in number, about.
10-flowered, compact, terete, 6-7 lines long.. Lower (outer) palea .
clothed with rather numerous long, silky hairs, and with a ¢ stinct '
tuft of the same at the base, about half as long as its own awn, dis-
tinctly about 7-nerved ; awn very slender, setaceous, nearly erect,
not twisted except at the base, where it is pale in color, very minute- -
ly and closely scabrous, and somewhat bent sideways ; (Jateral)

th long-awned. Lateral panicles (only a single one in the speci- :

men before me) * smaller and partly included.

This species is readily distinguished from its congeners in this

country: by its rather tall and stout, somewhat branched culm ;

‘ed, flat, rather broad leaves of moderate length, with naked and
Polished sheaths ; larger, open panicle, with the branches
at the base ; spikelets longer than the glumes; etc. calcd

among botanists to

Detected by Dr. Allen, at Rockaway, L. L
_ D. compressa, Austin.—{ Noticing a disposition
‘Shore this species, I pai led roustidly to re-examine it and to com-"

je it with our other species. I find it”

trigonal, often compressed, the narrowest side
lone minutely roughened only just below the joints). ye
ag and narrow, the radical ones often rea Gag
host usually overtopping it ; she eaths naked ligule

r pear
bib ri

: at Te ne

* find in one of two specimens just sent m ja a branch from each joint! with the
ikes ng just sent me, that there is a * from eae
nn Tore included in the shea oaths, ALG te

Cot ieee

pe i

to be very distinct, a8

y

92

‘silky fringes. ‘Spikelets racemosé-panicled, about ten in'n

and each about 5-flowered. Florets with a very conspicuous t
of silky hairs at the base. Outer palea with rather numerous long —
hairs on its surface, about half the length of its awn, its teethlong —
and slender and awn-like ; awn setaceous, slightly bent sideways, —
or often erect, pale at the twisted base, not twisted towards the
apex. Branches of the panicle about five in number, the lowest one —
usually deflexed in fruit, the second one widely spreading, the rest

erect. sh:
Found growing abundantly, side by side with .D. spicata, in open
‘places in woods, near Little Falls, New York, in July, 1868, and —
August, 1869. It has also been found in Pennsylvania (Portér), —
and New England (H. G. Jesup). tud. om aon)

', D. spicata, Beauv.—Differs from D. Alleni in its much smaller size,
simple culms, and in the branches of the panicle not subtended by
bracts ; from D. compressa in its straight and erect culms, an¢
much, shorter leaves ; from both in its usually (not always!) —
terete culms ; more or less hairy and at length convolute leaves —
with the ligule shorter fringed ; in its spiked-panicle with the”
branches all erect-appressed in fruit; in the much shorter and “
fewer hairs at the base of the flower and usually on the back of the —
outer palea ; in the outer palea being furnished with a much
shorter and stouter awn, which is strongly bent to one side, dark

colored at the strongly twis base, more or less twisted to the

apex, and rather more coarsely and distinctly scabrous ; the teeth
of the outer palea are also shorter, often very short and obtuse.”

_. D. sericea, Nutt.—Is readily distinguished from all the preceding by
its much larger glumes and much more hairy flowers. ‘In general

habit it. resembles D. spicata very much, but, besides the above-me?,

tioned characters, it is more robust, the leaves are more hairy, and :
the awn and teeth of the lower palea are much longer. .
pi sheik aadetusslaa a aot’ | * C. F. Aust.

“95, Popular Seience—It. is a good sign that publishers are seeking —

to feed the growing appetite for scientific knowledge, but it 15% —
great mistake to publish books professing to impart information, —
unless the writer or translator has some knowledge to impart. ‘ke
friend ‘sends us some criticisms, a few, at least, of which we thivk

it proper to print in the Butieri, as the book to which they refet —
was introduced by it into good company. |. ie es
“Wonders of Vegetation, translated by Schele De Vere,” noticed in the

' last number of the Butieriw among the new books belonging to the

Herbarium Library, seems to be a work. rather out of place wher?
itis, and, perhaps, better adapted to the Zodiacal botany of the ag”
cultural department, or for the private libraries of the extra meD-

recount remarkable wonders of vegetation, e. g., p. 123: “ It is her
[Tanjourra] especially, that the Asclepias gigantea is found gt
_ Ing ; @ prickly acacia covered with a number of exuberant lanes
‘Pp. 243, 244 : “ Vallisneria spiralis,” * * * “the marvellous phe!

Ce eee

- Plant was perfectly wild and taking care of iteelf stonostnl Bye
: AMES

23

mena which it presents at the time offlowering. The female flowers
appear floating on the surface, as if in p Bice Palin ia bt gi
which they are to fertilize. . As if in obedience to their call, the male
Jlowers, borne upon a long spiral stem, gradually rise from the bottom of
the pond, unrolling the long flower-stalk, turn after turn, till they also
reach the surface. Here they meet the first comers; they touch,
and immediately begin to retreat once more to their dark homes
beneath the waters, where they ripen their seed, and provide for
Rew generations.” P. 110: “Mount Lebanon separates the Holy
Land from Syria, above whose loftiest mountains it towers. The
Tange has the form of a horse-shoe, and measures not less than
three thousand miles in length.” : Hig:
These are but specimens. The italics are ours.

_ %6,. Erodium, L’Her,—-I had the good fortune to find Hrodium cicu-
jarium, L’Her., in full flower yesterday, at Poughkeepsie, near the
Fall Kill Creek and the Hudson River R.R. There was a small
patch of it a few inches square under a red cedar, Juniperus Virgi-
mana, L. The ground looked to the south-west. Of course the

“2, April9, 1872. fish ues Hyarr.
97. Marsilia quadrifolia, I.—-Found at Dallas, Dallas Co., Texas,
3. Marsilia longipes, x. sp., Austin.—About the size of M. vestita, H.
£G., but more slender and much less hairy ; sporocarp oblong-
°t ovate-lanceolate, about two and a half to three lines long by less
n one line in thickness, continuous with the peduncle, which is
40 inch or more in length. Mixed with the specimens of M. vestita
from the Herbarium of Dr. Gray, collected in Oregon, in 1871, by
Etihu Hall. nee = 6:5 Boks «

09. Maples— March 12th, 1871, the Silver Maples in the streets of 7

yn were in bloom. This year, the first appearance of flowers
upon the same trees was April 5th, a difference of twenty-four days,
80 that our season is now about three or four weeks later than last
year. It seems to be a general impression that the Acer rubrum
Ooms earlier than A. dasycarpum, but with us the latter is always
ba A sins? two weeks the earlier. se sali
er of blooming is: 1. A. carpom ; 2, A. rubrum ;
3. A. platanoides ; 4. Aj leaaeliaiteiin ie A. pseudo-platanus. _

30. New Publications, —1. Twenty-third Report of the Regents of the

University on the New York State Cabinet of Natural History for the —

Year 1869 : Report of the Botanist ; Printed in advance of the Report :
Albany, 1872 ; pp. hes with six colored plates of Fungi.—In this

Report Mr. Peck makes another large and valuable contribution to.
the Plora of the State, especially the Cryptogamic, sixty-seven of

the Fungi and one Alga being new to science. He gives a list of

‘one hunc and twenty species growing on the exposed summit of
Mt. Marey ; heiiue sindin, fifty ; Club Mosses, three ; Mosses,
: thirty-two ; Liverworts, ten ; Lichens, twenty-three ; Fungi, two

*Pecies ; and adds ; “ The number of marsh plants growing at this

q

{

high altitude is remarkable. The necessary conditions . . . af —
afforded by the clouds and fogs that so frequently envelop the wes
of the mountain.” It is highly gratifying that the State has so able”
and active a Botanist.—2.Report on Botany, read before the Albany
Institute, Feb. 6, 1872 ; by Charles H. Peck, A-M.—A large partof
this Report is devoted to an elucidation of the cause and cure of
“black knot in cherry and plum trees. Mr. Peck concludes the
disease to be of fungoid nature, having the dual form of Cladospo-
rium and Spheria. A highly interesting account of our new Ar —
ceuthobium is given, from which we quote : “We infer that the

’ history of the plant is as follows: The fruit being mature in es
tember, some bird or other small- animal seeks it for food. The
seeds being covered with a very viscid coat, adhere more or less to
the beak.of the bird or the mouth of the animal, and being a soureé

of annoyance to it, they are rubbed off from time to time on the ©
branch. Those that adhere through the winter to the young and_
tender shoot of the past season, germinate and form, during the —
first summer, the little hemispherical buds above mentioned. Dur-
ing their second season these increase in stature and form ther —
flower buds. Probably early in the following season, the thirdin the
life of the plant, the flowersexpand, and by the middle of September _
the fruit is mature.” We are sorry to see that Mr. Peck and Mr
Wood have been in haste to name this plant while Dr. Engelman,
to whom the subject properly belongs, is engaged in unravelling the —
difficult relations of the species——3. A beautiful colored plate of —
Brevoortia Ida-Maia, Wood, with the Article on the genus by Prof. :
Wood, from the Journal of the Academy of Natural Science,
which he defends the genus, in opposition to Dr. Gray’s view, which
transfers it to Brodiwa. ee

.

cicutarium in bloom.

No. 15, 3d pate line 5, read “‘canaliculate ;” p. 20,

“Y, graciliss” §
few other obvious typogra
tions, two Nos. have a
pass, as it will lead to no inconvenience. _ i

= Taal Hetbari, 3, R334 S—Baitor, 224, 8 toh Se

Vol, III, No. 5.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. — [New York, May, 1872,

33—The Torrey Botanical Club met Tuesday evening, April 30th.
Present, eighteen members, viz., Messrs. Torrey, Wood, Allen,
Leggett, Austin, Merriam, Bower, Gross, Hogg, Wilber, McIntyre,
Ruger, C. Gerard, Parker, Paine, Hall and LeRoy. Visitors—three.

Mr. Hogg brought specimens of Forsythia suspensa, Corylopsis
paniculata and spicata, Stachyurus praecoa, Parrya Siberica, and two
species of Orchidacee. .

Mr. Austin brought, and distributed specimens of Danthonia
compressa. Danthonia Alleni was shown by Dr. Allen. Both are
described in the Bulletin.

Icones lllustratrae Indiae Orientalis, 6 volumes, by R. Wright,
received in the College Herb. Library. P. V. LeRoy, Sec.

34, Helonias—On the 3rd of May, Messrs. J. H. Redfield and C. F.
Parker, Dr. Hassler, two Messrs, Tryon and myself made an excur-
sion from Philadelphia into the edge of the Pines, chiefly in search
of Helonias bullata, L. We were quite successful, finding the plant
in all stages of the flowering process, from the imperfect bud to the
turning green of the perianth. The plant is a shy-blooming thing,
only a few out of many sending up a scape, and those few being
very far between, except where two or three scapes grow from tae
same clump. The favorite situation for flowering seemed to be just
on the edge of a swift stream, or in rich moist earth supported by
some root or log that either crossed the stream or lay between two
holes filled with water. One plant I found in flower close beside
and touching Orontium aquaticum, also in bloom and growing in the
water. The easiest way to find the flowers was to make one’s way
in the middle of the stream by means of logs in the water, or cling-
ing to the branches above, now and then getting deep in the water
or mud; and all the while struggling through a fearful tangle of
underbrush, shrubbery and prickly stuff, which quite hid the sun
and limited the view to a rod or two. The denser the thicket, the
more freely the plant bloomed; but, still, hunting for the flowers
reminded me of the hunt for Aplectrum hyemale in a locality where
that plant is abundant. Nor was the difficulty at all ended with
the finding of the plant, for the scapes are hollow, very thin and
brittle, and filled with water; and, after the roots were apparently
quite loosened from the earth, the least shock or jerk in lifting the
plant up, would cause the scape to snap off, and spoil the beauty of
the specimen. Then, after getting up the plant, it was very difficult
to get out of the thicket without spoiling the flowers or breaking
the scape to pieces against the brush, or by the shock of a jump or
: Altogether, we came to the conclusion that Helonias bullata
is a very hard plant to collect in flower. Besides the locality of last
year, we found another locality new to us, but probably the same
that Dr, Leidy discovered some years ago. Unfortunately, how-
ever, the plant must perish there before another season, as
the thicket is just cut off and the clearing of the ground commenced.

year, though, the plants grew and flowered finely, and were
much farther advanced than those first mentioned. Here, also, we

26

found a clump with six scapes, each scape two feet eight inches —
high, and the flower heads a trifle over two inches long. ‘This clump
I dug up, and by careful supporting and wrapping carried safely,
without any breaking, to Philadelphia, where we hope it will
thrive. Much beauty is added to the purplish rose flowers by the
bright, blue color of the exserted stamens. The leaves, at time of ,
flowering, are not more than one fifth the size they afterwards at- 4
tain; and the perianth seems regularly to turn to a brownish-red
‘ before becoming green. a .
Among other things in flower we found Sassafras, Spice-bush, Ame
lanchier, Euphorbia Ipecacuanhae, several Vaccinia, Gaylussacia rena :
Cypripedium acaule, Viola pedata, V. lanceolata, V. sagittata, V. cuct a
lata, Sisymbrium Thaliana, Draba vera—the largest specimens I ever :
saw, scapes often seven and eight inches long. A very little Pysxidan- 3
thera still remained in flower; Leiophyllum was not yet out. Alarge
area of Sarracenia and of Nymphaea (the smallform) seemed to have —
suffered unusual blight, and nearly all the plants were dead where :
all last year were strong and vigorous. y a
We found a large bunch of Phoradendron flavescens growing On —
branch of a staminate tree of Acer rubrum. The tree was about ee S
feet in diameter at base—I could not clasp around it with bo :
arms; and the bunch of mistletoe was about 40 feet high up, on ® :
limb of about the thickness of a man’s arm, and was greaterm —
the diameter than the trunk of the tree at the base. We had no
time or means to collect the specimen. » fi
I also practically demonstrated the utility of “ Wood’s press 107
such excursions. I put my specimens as collected at once inte oe
press of that kind, and changed the papers immediately on ier
at Philadelphia, but had no chance to change again till the an :
inst., when I found the papers much drier than I expected, and the —
specimens doing well. I. H. H.
Pine street, New York, May 14th, 1872.

39. Willows.—I send you a few observations on the Willows of
this locality, without any hope of adding to what is known bee s
specialists. The location ison the Connecticut river, about 125 miles
from its mouth, latitude 42°50’ N. The river, within a distance
of a few miles, receives several lesser streams flowing down frome
among the hills, The rocks are slate and granite. | =

I find here of native willows:—1. Salix rostrata, Rich, (livida, Wahi.) :
This is a tree-like shrub, growing in pastures and on the borders —
of woods, not apparently affecting water or wet places, nor have ©

observed it to be variable. iat

2. Sali humilis, Marshall. This is a shrub, and our earliest
species. It does not seek water or seclusion, but takes to roadsides; —
fences, and neglected places. It isextremely variable in gene™

27

4. Saliv lucida, Muhl. This is a small tree with glossy foliage,
which is found in similar situations with the S. sericea.
5. Salix nigra, Marshall. This is a well marked tree with black
bark and yellow branches. Ihave not observed that it is variable.
Indeed I have seen no young trees, but a number of old and
picturesque ones over-hanging streams or shading watering-troughs.

on old farms, doubtless planted there.

6. Salix cordata, Mubl. A shrub growing in sandy flats subject
to inundation. This is the most variable plant in its foliage, I -
think, that I have ever met with. I should find it impossible to fix
upon any definite characteristics of leaf or stipule. In the summer
or fall it is difficult to believe that these Protean forms do not em-
we several species, but the catkins reduce them to unity in the
pring.

Of the species of Salix which are called adventive, we have two :—
__ |. Salix alba, L. A fine tree growing by the roadside and near,
but not directly upon, the banks of streams.

8. Salit purpurea, L, This shrub I found in a hollow place in the
middle of an island in the Connecticutriver. These were staminate
_ plants, but they seemed to be thriving and extending. It must

ave been introduced there in some accidental way.

There ought to be and probably are several more of our nativo
willows in this locality, but I have not discovered them.

I find the species of willows easier to distinguish at a distance
of thirty to fifty rods than by a closer inspection. _ Several of the
above have quite a marked character at a considerable distance,
Which seems ¢o vanish on a nearer approach.

Ann E. Brown, Brattleboro, Yt.

36, Publieations—1. The Lens, a Quarterly Journal of Microscopy and
the Allied Natural Sciences; No. 2, April, 1872; Chicago.—Mr. Bab-
cock’s Flora of Chicago is continued from Saxifragacess to Campa-
nulaces. It is interesting to notice how many of the plants most
abundant with us are rare or wanting. Leucanthemum vulgare, L.,
18 even “cultivated inagarden.” To students of cryptogamic botany
this publication must prove of great value—2. Mann’s Catalogue,
Second edition, revised and corrected. B. Pickman Mann, Cambridge,

ass. The preface contains the new species not yet included in
Gray’s Manual, such as, Arceuthobium minutum, Engelm. Danthonia
compressa, Aust.—3. In the Naturalist for May, Dr. Gray calls atten-
tion to a question raised by Babington as to Anacharis. “It may
be that we have two water weeds. . .one dicecious, the other herma-
Phrodite. It is to be hoped that our botanists will examine the
Plants they meet, and preserve specimens of any different kinds or
Sexes of flowers they may detect.” :

37, Mann’s Duplicates —Mrs. Mary Mann, 19 Follen street, Cambridge,

ass., offers for sale foreign and native sets of these duplicates.
llectors would, do well to send for a circular. _
38, Orehids.—Pggonia verticillata, Nutt., and Cypripedium

Salisb.; in bloo May 19th, between Tennafly and the -aaetes

28

CARYA, Nutt.—. alba, Nutt. ; common ; N. Y. ; Central Park, 2 é —
P.—. microcarpa, Nutt.; Closter, Austin; Glen Cove, Coles; —
Central Park, 2. & P.—(.suleata, Nutt. ; Central Park, R. é P.—
(, tomentosa, Nutt. ; common; N. Y,; Central Park, 2. & P.—t
porcina, Nutt.; Closter, Austin ; Yonkers, Pooley ; Chatham,
N. J., W. H. L. ; not reported from New York Island or Long
Jsland.—C. amara, Nutt.; common ; N. Y.; Central Park, 2.
or.

CUPULIFER.

QUERCUS, L.—Q. alba, L. ; common ; New York ; Central Park, R.
& P.—\, obtusiloba, Mchx. ; common on Staten Island, Long —
Island, and south of the Raritan ; New York, 1862, Austin; —
Central Park, R. & P.; Staten Island on hills, New Jersey in —
sandy soil, Allen.—Q, macrocarpa, Mchx. ; Orange Co., rare, Aus- —
tin.—Q. bicolor, Willd.; Staten Island and New Jersey ; Central —
Park, 2. & P.; not reported from other districts, though prob-
ably found on Long Island and in Westchester Co.; vide Mr —
Austin’s observations, § 23.—Q. Prinus, L.; Central Park, 2. &P.; _
South Jersey, Austin; var. monticola, Mchx.; N. Y.; Central Park, |
R. & P.; Snake Hill, Allen ; Closter, Austin ; Glen Cove, Coles; —
not uncommon ; var. acuminata, Mchx. ; LeRoy ; Keyport, Lock- —
wood; Central Park, R. d P.—Q. prinoides, Willd. ; barrens,
Long Island and New Jersey ; Closter, Austin.-—Q, Phellos, L. ;
Suffolk Co., L. I, State Flora ; Keyport, Lockwood ; near Long
Branch.—, nigra, L. ; Long Island and New Jersey south of
the Raritan ; Central Park, R. & P.; Q. heterophylla, Mchx. ;
South Jersey, Austin; [extra-limital ?]—Q. ilicifolia, Wang-5
Closter, Austin ; barrens of Long Island and New Jersey.—
faleata, Mchx.; common in New Jersey, Jorr. Cat. ; Keyport,
Lockwood ; South Jersey, Austin.—Q, coccinea, Wang. ; common ;
Central Park, R&. & P. ; var. tinetoria ; common ; especially near
Jamaica, L. I., Allen.—Q, rubra, L. ; common; N. Y. ; Central
Park, R. & P.—Q, palustris, Du Roi; common ; Bloomingdale,
Torr. Cat. ; Central Park, R. & P.

CASTANEA, Tourn.—{. vesea, L.; var. Americana, Mchx. ; very com-
mon ; N, ¥.; Central Park, 2. & P.—t. pumila, Mcbx. ; there

has been no confirmation of the old statement that this plant
is found on Long Island. )

AGUS, Tourn.—?, ferruginea, Ait. ; common ; N. Y.; Central Park,

CORYLUS, Tourn.—{. Americana, Walt. ; common ; Central Park, 2. &
P.—(, rostrata, Ait, ; Central Park, R. & P. ; Yonkers, Pooley;

Rockland Co. ; Morris Co., N. J. ee ey
&e., W. H. L. o., N. J., Austin; New Prov ,

ee

Terms—One dollar for one copy; dois i :
copy, per annum. ene 5 Lt rs for seven; and half a dollar for every additional

local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St—Bditor, 224, B. 10th St.

The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month inthe Herbarium, Columbia College, at 24 Pe

PR

Vol. TI]. No, 6.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. — [New York, Juno, 1872,

OSTRYA, Micheli.—0, Virginiea, Willd. ; New York and New Jersey,
Torr. Cat.; Palisades; Closter, Austin; Yonkers, Pooley ;
Glen Cove, Coles ; N. Y.; common on Long Island, Merriam.

CARPINUS, 1L.—C. Americana, Mchx. ; common; N. Y.; Central Park,
ie,

MYRICACE.
MYRICA, L.—M. Gale, L. ; Long Island, Merriam.—M. cerifera, L. ;

common ; N. Y.

COMPTONIA, Solander.—t. asplenifolia, Ait. ; common ; Blomingdale,
Torr. Cat. ;

BETULACE.

BETULA, Tourn.—B, lenta, L. ; common.—B. lutea, Mehx. f.; Bloom-
ingdale, Torr. Cat., but this locality is not mentioned in State
Flora; North Salem, Westchester Co., S. B. Mead—B. alba,
var. populifolia, Spach ; very common. J, papyracea, Ait. ; Eddy
in Torr. Cat., probably an error, as well as B, glandulosa, Mchx.,
on the authority of Le Conte—B. nigra, L. ; Closter, Austin ;
Bulls Ferry, Le Roy; Paterson, W. H. L.; Glen Cove, Coles ;
common in New Jersey, State Flora—B, pumila, L. ; Budd’s
Lake, 7. C. Porter.

ALNUS, Tourn.—A, ineana, Willd. ; Budd’s Lake, Morris Co., N. J. 5
Austin ; Scarsdale, Westchester Co., Merriam.—A. serrulata,
Ait. ; common; N. Y. :

39, Urtieacew.—By a typographical error the following were omit-
ted in their proper place.

PARIETARIA, Tourn.—P. Pennsylvanica, Muhl.; Tappan, N. J., scarce,
1857, Austin ; Sandy Hook, not abundant, July 5th, 1870,
Ruger ; Central Park, RB. & P.

CANNABIS, Tourn.—(, sativa, L.; mot uncommon; N. ¥.; Jamaica;
Canarsie, Communipaw, &c. : :

HUMULUS, 1.—H. Lupulus, L.; Closter, common, Austin ; Hoboken
Heights, hoe fe New Lots, L. 1, Wilber ; Central Park,
R. é P.; Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.

40. At the recular meeting of the Torrey Botanical Club, held May
28th, the following skibees were present:—Torrey, Wilber, Mer-
riam, Ruger, Bower, Day, Paine, Gerard, Parker, Henes, Hogg,
Pollard, Leggett, Gross, Hall, Redfield, LeRoy.

The following is a list of the books received for the College

erbarium Lib — i

Encyclopedia Methollique: Botanique, par Lamarck & Poiret, 20
vols. Flora Sibirica, Gmelin, 2 vols. De Fructibus et Seminibus
Plantarum, Geertner, 5 vols. Plantes Nouvelles de Hort. J. M. Cels.,
par Ventenat. Theophrasti Historia Plantarum. Civil and Natural —
History of Jamaica, P. Browne. Cornus, by L’Heritier. Novas

we

Plantas, Rottball. Flora Guajanensis, Aublet, 4 vols. Collectanea,

aes

30

W. C. Jacquin. Eclogae Americane, Wahl, 2 vols. Symbolae Bo-
tanicae, Wahl, 3 vols. Historia delle Piante nei Lidi Veniz., Zani-
chelli. Fasciculi Plantarum Americanarum, Plumier. Rariorum Stir-
pium, per Pannonicam, Austriam, et vic., C. Clusius, 1583. Historia
Commentariorum Stirpium, L. Fuchsii, 1549. Fungi Javanici, Nees
ab Esenbeck. Pugillus Plantarum Javanicarum, Nees ab Esenbeck.
Memoire des Ternstroemiacées ; Memoire des Onagraires ; Memoire des
Nympheeacées ; A. P. De Candolle. Monographie Genre Pulmonaria,
B. Du Mortier. Metamorphose der Pflanzen, J. W. Von Goethe.
Monographie der Riccieen, J. B. W. Lindenberg. Plantarum Minus —
Cognitarum Centurie, J.C. Buxbaum, 2 vols. Synopsis Filicum, —
Swartz. Flora Indice Occidentalis, Swartz,3 vols. Flora Lapponica,
C. Linné. Synopsis Plantarum, D. Dietrich. Flora Rossica, P. 5.
Pallas. P. V. LeRoy, Sec.

41, Notes by Mr. Ruger—In a court-yard leading from the Wall
street ferry, Brooklyn side, Galeopsis tetrahit, L., was found by Mr.
Merriam. This seems to have been forgotten by him. I havea
specimen from there.—It may not be uninteresting to state that

riza maxima, L., has escaped from the gardens in Springfield,
Mass., near the R. R. station, where I saw it last summer.—Stellaria -
Holostea, L., has grown on Train’s Meadow Road for several years.—
Chenopodium glaucum, L., grows in Newark avenue, Hudson City,
N. J.—Hydrophyllum Virginieum, L., has not been heretofore re-
ported from Long Island. It grows at St. Ronan’s Well, and else-
where on the north side.

42. Darlingtonia——The Gardeners’ Monthly, for June, claims for Mr.
Taplin, South Amboy, the credit of being the first to bring this
plant into bloom on this side of the continent. Dr. Thurber
it flower early in April, 1870, as reported in the Buruerm for that
month. Mr. Bower also had it in flower, a year or more 2g0;
_ and, if we rightly understood Dr. Torrey, a lady, to whom he gave

some of the roots about the same time, was very successful. We
are the more surprised at this oversight on the part of the editor,
as the flowering of these plants gave occasion to Dr. Torrey’s tes
timony tothe remarkable accuracy of Mr. Charles Sprague’s
tanical drawing (vid. Butter, April, 1871): De Candolle had
doubted whether Sprague had possibly made a mistake,
as seemed more likely, Nature had deviated. Dr. Torrey show
that Sprague and Nature were all right. It was M. De Candolle,
excellent botanist though he is, who had erred.

48, Hall’s Oregon Plants—The Proceedings ofthe American Academy
of Arts and Sciences for February, 1872 (issued in May), contain —
an enumeration, by Prof. Gray, of a collection of plants made by
Mr. Elihu Hall, in Oregon, in the summer of 1871. The collection —
numbers 700 species. We are so accustomed, in collections made —
upon the Pacific Coast, to find large accessions to our North Amer
can Flora, that one in looking over this enumeration is struck with —
the fewness of new species. Many little-known plants have bee? —
added by this collection to our herbaria, and the synonymy ie

31

others rectified. Dr. Gray, as usual, takes advantage of this publi-
cation to put on record some new species by other collectors and
to revise several genera. One of the most interesting of Mr. Hall's
discoveries is a new species of Lophoclaena, a grass of singular
structure. Only one species, L. Californica, has heretofore been
known ; the new one is appropriately called L. refracta. G.T.

4, Marsilia—An esteemed correspondent suggests that “the
notices about the two Marsilias (the old European one from an
entirely unlooked-for southern locality—Texas—-and a new one with
an impossible fruit from Oregon) had better be referred back to
their authors for further investigation.” Discretion on the part of
the editor is due as well to his correspondentsas to his readers, and
we take on ourselves, with humility, this censure for over-haste in
publication.

45, The Discoverer of Arceuthobium—We notice in the American
Journal for June, that Dr. Gray, misled by us in our first notice,
mistakes the title of this lady. It should be not Miss, but Mrs. L.
A. Millington.

46. Catalogue of the Plants in Central Park—This catalogue
was made by men of botanical repute, but not intimately acquaint-
ed with our flora. We have already had occasion to notice one
error ; another has been lately brought before us. The Asclepias
parviflora, Pursh, Mr. Pollard shows from the specimen to be an
Apocynum. We hope Mr. P. will go over the whole collection, and
verify it. We doubt, now, the Carya sulcata, Nutt., reported in our
last number.

47, A Hint on the Examination of Plants—The inquiry on page 48
of the last volume of the Butierin (Dec., 1871) induces me to
mention the following method for making sections of small seeds
in order to examine the embryo, or cross sections of leaves, an-
thers, small twigs, ete., in order to examine their structure. I refer
to the method of embedding, which is by no means new, but may be
novel to some of the readers of the Butierin.

The necessary materials for the process may be found in almost
every house, and consist of a teaspoon and a portion of a sperma-
ceti candle. Break off pieces of the candle and melt them in the
spoon over gas or a spirit lamp. When the spermaceti is melted,
allow the spoon and its contents to cool, until the latter begin to
congeal ; then embed in the congealing mass the seeds or whatever
else it is wished to examine, and set the whole aside till cold. Fi-

ly, by passing the spoon a second time once or twice over the
flame, the cake which it contains may be removed, and with a sharp
razor thin sections may be made of the mass and its contents for
examination under the microscope. In this manner better sections
a ae made than by holding the object between two pieces of

rk,
_ The above is the simplest way. A more elegant mode is to em-
Ploy a mixture of while wax cad olive oil, about half and half (but

32

the proportions may be varied according to the desired degree of

firmness), melt them in a small cup over a Bunsen’s burner, and

pour the fluid into a little mould, made by turning up the cdges of

a common visiting card. F. J. B
Vienna, May, 1872.

48. Helonias bullata—The note in the May Burzer, by I. H. H,
upon the sparse flowering of Helonias bullata records a different ex-
perience from that of others. Last fall I received a number of the
plants from a lady who lives near the Pine Barrens. She wrote:
“The most marvellous sight I ever beheld was two or three acres
of these plants in the height of their glory,” which would indicate
that your correspondent had fallen upon an unfavorable locality.
Some twenty or thirty of the plants sent by her I placed in a cold
frame, where they passed the winter under a slight covering of
leaves. This spring they bloomed freely. After reading the re-
marks of I. H. H., I inspected the plants, and found that quite half
of them had flower-stalks remaining, and, as a number had been
eut for drying and for showing to others, I am safe in saying that
more than half of the plants, large and small, bloomed. It maybe
the case with Helonias as with some other marsh plants, that it does
better in dry ground than its native locality, or it may be that 80
marked a change as that, from the swamp to garden soil, threw
plants into flower that would not have bloomed if left at hom
At any rate, here are the facts. G. T.

49. New Localities ——Last season I found Phlox pilosa in abundance
near Passaic, N. J., and also two specimens of Vaccaria vulgaris.
Trollins laxus occurs in abundance in this vicinity, and -
learn that A. 8. Fuller, of Ridgewood, N. J., found a single speci-
men of Rhodora Canadensis, G. C. Wootrson, 245 Broadway.

_ 50, Strangers—I have lately found growing plentifully and seem-
ingly as well established as any native plant’ in their vicinity:
Hieracium murorum, L. ; Veronica chamaedrys, L. ; Ajuga reptans, L.

They grow near each other, and have all probably sprung from
English seeds scattered within the past few years.: They are thriv-
ing among bushes and grass, like native plants, in an unimpro
portion of the Prospect Park grounds, J. 8. M-

_ 51 Note—On an excursion to Staten Island a couple of weeks ago,
im quest of Clematis ochroleuca, I found right in the thicket, where
Clematis grows, a clump of Amorpha fruticosa, L.; Var. Lewisil

Tt had last year’s fruit still remaining. LH, ee
s PR gry Wits 26, 1. 13, for “ Draba vera,” read “‘Draba yerna;” p. 28, 1. 20, for “Le Roy,” read

—

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dolla 2 } :
copy, per annum, J 78 for seven ; and half a dollar for every additional

. —_——_
Local Herbarinm, 3, 8, 33d Si—Liitor, 224, B. 10th St. 2
The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month inthe Herbarium, Columbia College asT yg Pe

Vol. THL., No. 7.) BULLBTIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, — [New York, July, 1872,

62, The Flower of Yucca and its Fertilization—The flowers of all the
Species are more or less pendulous, open towards evening, and re-
main wide open through the night and half close in the morning,
continuing in that condition until one or two days afterwards, when
they drop off, or, if fertilized, wither and become erect. The sagit-
tate anthers open a little before the flowers do, curve backward,
and contract to about one-fourth their former size, and thus expel Oe.
the heavy, somewhat getitinous pollen-grains, which remain in dit /
ferent little lumps within the flowers. What we usually call th
stigma is the style, or rather, the three styles; these together form
the stigmatic tube, their edges conniving and their inner sides, the
inner coating of the tube, exhibiting the stigmatic surface. This
tube is directly connected with the ovarian cells. The pollen, intro-
duced into the tube, begins to develop and to enter upon its fune-
tions. But, without artificial aid, it never gets into it. Nocturnal
insects are the agents—in our gardens, at least, a white moth of the
genus Tortrix. If, about sunset, when the flower is fully open, we
take up the pollen-lumps from the flower, and, with a camel-hair
_ brush, well introduce theth into the stigmatic tube, we may supply
the action of insects wanting in Northern or European gardens, far
away from che native home of the Yuccas, and succeed in producing
it and seed, which thus far are almost unknown in cultivation.
Sr. Louis, June, 1872. Dr. GrorGe ENGELMANN.

53. Botrychinm matricariefolinm, A. Braun.—I send you a couple of =
Specimens of this fern, from a locality in the neighborhood of Utiea =
which I found last summer. : te

I sent specimens to Prof. Eaton, who pronounced it B. matricarie-
folium, and stated that he had received it from Lake Superior, and
from Susquehannah Co., Pa. He also stated that almost the same
thing was found in this vicinity several years ago, by Mr. Paine, but
that the specimen sent him by Mr. Paine was so imperfect that he
passed it over as a form of B. lanceolatum. :

have not conferred with Paine about it; but, as he says nothing
of it in his catalogue, it seems fair to conclude that he did not know
of this locality.

It grows on the sides of a shady ravine some four miles from the
city. I found growing side by side with it; B. Virginicum, Swartz;
B. Virginicum, var. gracile, Pursh; B. lunarioides, Swartz ; B. lanceo-
latum, Angstroem.

The snaeens I send were gathered June 29,1872. The locality
is quite limited in extent, but the plant seems abundant. Why has
not Prof. Eaton described cogs gti in the Manual? It is the
Same as Wood’s B. neglectum, of course. ‘ :

I found quite a ee 8 at the Mud Lake Swamp (Paine’s Cata-

.

logue) a few days ago—several specimens of Cypripedium spectabnile, : a
Swartz, with the Inbal double, the two being jh xa distinct —
throughout, and about two-thirds the size of the ordinary flower,

and all the other parts of the flower single. Epwix Hot. —

Unica, N. Y., July 7, 1872. :
54, Bees puneturing Flowers.—This spring we received from Lewis

_ grown and the honey secreted.” . . . “The insects, as far as I

fast.” That this-is the case,

side. The fibres of cotton, o

34

Co., N. Y., a package of Dicentra cucullaria, DC., the spurs of
which had been perforated and cut by humble-bees. We take the
liberty of making extracts from the letter of the lady who sent
them. “C. went to the woods, and spent several hours watching
the bees. The woods were full of Dicentras this spring. He could
not find a spike of any species on which there were not oné or more
punctured flowers. He said the bee lighted on the lowest flower,
cut a small hole in the spur with his mandibles, inserted his pro-
boscis, took a sip of the honey, then proceeded to the second flower,
where the same operation was performed ; then to a third, when he
captured him. [The bee was sent us. ] He saw several humble-bees
performing this labor, and many honey-bees sucking the honey;
but in no instance did he see the honey-bee make the incision, and
these were the only insects which visited the flowers during his
stay. My Dicentra spectabilis and D. eximia are now in full bloom.
The flowers are greatly disfigured by these punctures. Yesterday
T observed a bee for a long time while taking his dinner. The spurs
of three or four of the lowest flowers on the long racemes were
already punctured. He would fly to a flower, place his feet on each

side of the spur, either to ‘press up the honey or to ‘hold on’ better,
insert his tongue for a few seconds, and then fly to the next. Every
insertion of his tongue enlarged the orifice ; but in no ease did he

make a fresh incision until the supply of nectar was apparently ex-
hausted. Then, with his strong mandibles, he would nip a hole in
a perfect flower as quickly as you could with a pair of scissors.
They appeared to know the exact moment when the flower was full-

can discover, do not visit the Adlumia and Fumitory.” WM tt, |

5. Fertilization of Asclepias.—I notice in the J uly No. of the Ameri-
can Agriculturist, in an article on this subject, the statement that
_ “the point where the filaments or strings which connect them [the

pollen-masses] join is very sticky.” In the American Naturalist,
©) NOLL, pp. 69, Th, the gland is called “viscid” and “adhesive.” In
Vol. II., p. 665, of the same work, the pollen is said to adhere “by -
a glutinous substance.” In Vol. ITI., p. 109, J. Kirkpatrick, who
seems to have looked carefully into the matter, attributes the adhe-
sion to the fact that “a hair or claw [?] entering the cleft becomes
my own observations, as given on p. 388
of the same volume, confirm. T have never noticed any adhesiveness
on the outside of the gland. If a very fine hair is drawn through |
the cleft, it is caught and lifts out the pollen ; but if the hair be too
coarse to enter the cleft, I have never found it to adhere to the out
2 fib r the fine long hairs on many plants—
_ the Asclepias itself—are best for this experiment—none more so than —
the long, separate hairs on the petiole of Ambrosia artemisicfolia.—

__ I have never been able to determine how the hair is held in the
_ gland, whether by some viscid substance contained in it, or by mée-
chanical pressure, and would gladly learn. There is one fact con-
nected with this subject which I do not remember to have seen

_ noticed, and which makes the analogy between the Asclepiads and

*

35

Orenids still closer. When the pollinia are drawn out of their
pockets they lie in the same plane, but in a short time twist about
80 as to be in parallel planes. In this position, what may be called
the knees of themass are turned to the side opposite to the groove,
: and present to the cleft of the stigma, when the insect alights, what
was before the outer edges of the mass. When moistened with
warm water, the pollinia resume their original position. This last

experiment I made with the pollen of A. Cornuti, Decaisne.
We: ih

66. New Publications—-1. Botany for Young People. Parv II. How
Plants Behave: How they Move, Climb, Employ Insects to Work for
them, etc. By Asa Gray. New York and Chicago: Ivison, Blake-
man, Taylor & Co.

As the title, given in full, indicates, this little work brings toge-
ther a class of facts constituting a new and most important chapter
in Botany. It was time for the separate observations to be com-
bined and the results introduced more directly to the student, and
We are rejoiced to learn that Dr. Gray proposes a fuller statement
of them. “The book is attractive in form, and we hope may lure the __
young to our favorite study. To more mature minds, imbued with
a love of Nature, it cannot fail to prove of great interest. We find
a little obscure the brevity of the account of the insect fertilization
of Iris, and venture to question the dictum that such plants as Silene
and Robinia viscosa capture insects by accident. a

2. The Bee-Keeper’s Magazine: an Ilustrated Monthly. H. A. King
& Co., 14 Murray street, New York.

57, Agave Americana, .—A fine specimen of the so-called wine 2
plant has been on exhibition in this city during the last month.
ne great heat seems to have hastened its blooming, so that we fear _
it may be too late for our readers to profit by this notice. Ue

58, Nalices—We have omitted the continuation of the Catalogue
his month, in order to make a final appeal for help with these
_ Willows. We do not suppose that any one is free from doubts on
this subject; but whoever has studied it at all must have determined
Some of the species described in Gray’s Manual, or at least must have —
Some specimens from our vicinity. We want every ray of light.
In particular, we have no information about S. humilis, Marshall ;
S. purpurea, LB. : S& viminalis, L.; 8. cordata, Muhl.; the varieties of
S. fragilis and S. alba, L.; S. longifolia, Muhl. Doubtless some or all
of these species are to be found hereabouts. No genus of plants is
more puzzling, and very good service may be rendered to science in
this direction. —

59. Pinus Elliottii, Engelm.

—Mr. H. W. Ravenel ee = a

Us additional speci hich we have placed in Dr. Torrey’s her-

Hsia}: —r tree Ne will observe the early recurving of be :
‘young cones, which seems to be characteristic of the — 7
Mellichamp, of Binffton, S. O., near the sea-coast, from whom I re-

al af * the |
‘Ceived th é letter of April 30th—‘ Some weeks ago
young soriae Ses Handing off to the arms of a cross, the whole |

36

outline of the tree presenting these innumerable litile crosses against
the sky, but now they are all turned downwards.’ It thus appears
that in this species the young cones recurve a few weeks after flow-
ering. In P. glabra, Walt., this takes place du~ing the first sum-
mer’s growth, as I have specimens collected in November, with the
spring fruit recurved. In some species they remain erect or at
right angles, and in others recurve at the beginning of growth of
the second season. This peculiarity is worthy of more attention,
as {t may furnish important specific characters. 3

“T enclose also a sprig of P. glabra, exhibiting the true leaves —
very finely. You will observe that, while the true leaves are unusu- —
ally well developed, the phylloid shoots are mostly wanting in their —
axils, and that the leaves are finely serrulate, while the phylloids
are smooth and have entire margins.

“T also send some fruit of the very rare and curious Carya myrs-
ticeeformis, Mch., found in swamps in the seaboard districts of this —
State.”

60. Hottonia inflata, Ell—I have recently found this rather rare —
plant in such quantities, and so near New York, as perhaps toren-
der the locality worthy of record. It grows by the roadside, about
a mile east of Woodridge Station, on the Hackensack branch of the
- Erie R. R. The ditch is completely covered with it for several rods
. length, Near it is also found Glyceria acutiflora, Torr., in abun- —

ance,
Bromus sterilis, L., is very abundant about cultivated grounds near —
Passaic, N.J., and in timber lands Aselepias quadrifolia, Jacq., together
with A. phytolaceoides, Pursh. Chamelirium luteum, Gray, grows between —
Hackensack and Lodi, N. J., though not plentiful. hoe
I found this spring, on Todt Hill, Staten Island, a white variety

of Silene Pennsylvanicea, Mchx. All the plants I found had white —
flowers. A s

245, Broadway.

Gl. Broussonetia—A few days since, walking down through the —
Park, between 10 and 11 o’clock a. m., I saw numbers of Broussone. —
tia trees, in full flower, very cloudy with exposive puffs of pollen, 35 _
noticed by Prof. Martin in a last year’s number of the BuLiET™.
picked up a catkin, just blown off by the wind, and some pufis
— * T held it in my hand. I.

une 3d.

62. New Localities.—Mentha aquatica, L., var. erispa, Benth., at Tarry-
town. Geranium Robertianom, L., in the cedar groves on Rockaway —
Beach, W. H. L. Hgopodium podagraria, L., waste places, Prospect
Park, Merriam. :

. 7 <f

o .

———————
_ Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dolla ‘ additional ee
ieee, pertain Si rs for seven; and half a dollar for every wee

Local Herbarium, 3, RB, 33d St.—Lditor, 224, B. 10th St.

Vol. I11,, No. 8.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, | New York, August, 1872,

63. Note from Dr. Engelmann.--Your July Butzerry is just received.
Did I write so indistinctly that you could have made out the gluti-
nous pollen gelatinows? Who ever has seen gelatinous pollen?

Of minor importance, is that you made me refer the moth in
question to the Genus Tortriz. I undoubtedly said “allied to Tor-
trix. Our State Entomologist, Prof. Riley, has examined the moth,
and found it to belong to Tineide, and to constitute a new and
distinct genus. The same is found wherever capsule-bearing Yuc-
cas grow. The larva lives on the growing seeds, fertilized by the
exertions of its mother, bores through the yet green rind of the
full grown fruit, and enters the ground. I have received it now
from South Carolina, whence Dr. John K, Mellichamp, the discoverer
of Pinus Elliotti, sends it; and from Texas, where Mr. Elihu Hall
has found it. Dr. Mellichamp has won laurels in the zealous in-
vestigation of the flora of his region, and has furnished me, in the
most amiable manner, valuable material and notes for my botani-
cal studies, especially as far as regards Conifers and Yuccas.

_ Searcely any Yucca capsule is seen without one or more holes in
it made by the escaping larve, and part and sometimes all of the
seeds are sacrificed to obtain the fertilization of the ovules.

Your notice of the Agave has made me think of your letter. :
had mislaid and forgotten it. I should like éo obtain, if yet time,
a bunch of flowers, fresh, sent by mail in a box.

You will observe a fact, interesting in many points, in the flowers
and fertilization of Agave. When theflowers open and the anthers
shed their pollen, the style is yet quite short, often hidden within
the flowers, and the stigma closed. Only the following day, after
the anthers are effete, or have even fallen off, the style lengthens
and usually attains the height of the filaments, when the three lobes
of the stigma expand, ready to receive the pollen of the younger

flowers opening now above them. Agave is, therefore, proteran-

tous ; descriptions mentioning the length of the style must be
cautiously considered ; and figures which represent style and
stamen equally developed are necessarily erroneous.

I wish I could obtain a bunch of flowers, and regret much, not
having written at ones. Capsules and seeds will also be acceptable.

Sr. Louis, July 29th, 1872.

[When we received Dr. E.’s letter it was too late for the Agave. We publish

his request in hopes that some one else may be able to respond. —Eps. }

64. Yueea.—In Dr. George Engelmann’s notes on the fertilization
of the Yuccas, in July Buuveriy, he says : “ The fruit and seed are
rare ; indeed, almost unknown in cultivation in Northern gardens;”
and also, “ Without artificial aid, the pollen never reaches the inner
or stigmatic surface of the tube, ke.”

_ In my own garden, the Y. ji/amentosa, Gray, bloomsand matures
its seed annually. I have never been able to discover the interven-
tion of any insect to assist fertilization, nor have I ever failed to
“teed the prompt germination of seed taken from oy we

38

63. Trees and Rain—The influence of trees upon rains and the
general moisture of the atmosphere, which has been so much dis
cussed of late, receives a strong illustration from the island of Santa
Cruz, W. I. ;

A friend who spent the months of February, March and April
last upon the island, informs me that, when he was there twenty years
ago, the island was a garden of freshness, beauty and fertility. Woods
covered the hills, trees were everywhere abundant, and rains were
profuse and frequent. The memory of its loveliness called him there
at the beginning of the present year, when, to his astonishment, he
found about one-third of the island, which is about twenty-five
miles long, an utter desert. The forests and trees generally had
been cut away, rain-falls had ceased, and a process of desiccation
beginning at one end of the land had advanced gradually and irre-
sistibly upon the island, until for seven miles it is dried and deso-
late as the sea-shore. Houses and beautiful plantations have been
abandoned, and the people watch the advance of desolation, unable
to arrest it, but knowing, almost to a certainty, the time when thei!
own habitations, their gardens and fresh fields, will become a part
of the waste ; the whole island seems doomed to become a dest

The inhabitants believe, and my friend confirms their opinion,
that this sad result jg due to the destruction of the trees upon the
island some years ago. ~ —J_S. M.

66. New Stations.—Polanisia graveolens, Raf. ; Lythrum Saliearia, L- ;
Aselepias verticillata, L., found abundant along the Hudson R. RB. R.,
at Fort Montgomery Station, a few miles below Garrison's. riser
spicata, Willd., between Fort Montgomery and Garrison's, about
opposite Gov. Fish’s residence. J.S.M.

July 31. ;

67, Note from Prof. Thomas (, Porter—If Budd’s Lake, Morris 0%
N. J., is within the circuit embraced by your Butreriy, and it mar
be, being less than fifty miles from New York, I can report as grow”
ing there, and can furnish specimens of, Salix myrtilloides, S. candid#
and S. lucida—also, Betula pumila. A number more of interea
plants oceur there, and the point is well worth a yisit from te
members of your Club. It is very easy of access, and there is 4 vt
hotel on the border of the Lake. Tt lies only 2} miles south
Stanhope Station on the Morris and Essex R.R. Lake Hopatool
which is still further east, can boast of possessing, on the savy
margin of its largest island, the rare Juncus subtilis, Mchx. (oJ. pelo
carpus, var. subtilis (2), Engelm.). I collected it there some y
ago on the 25th of September, not in fruit.

Kaston, Pa.

68. Nilver-leaf—This name we found given in Greene ©o., N.
_ to the common Balsam, Impatiens fulva. Some one had noticed th
when the fresh leaves are immersed in water the underside re!
the light as from a surface of silver-foil. But many other lea’
those of Dogbane for exam le, exhibit the phenomenon in
equal perfection. The pate of these leaves is not Ww by

89

water, as may be seen by withdrawing them.. The reflection, then,
is from the surface of water next the leaf. The brilliancy of dew-
drops is owing to a like cause. The experiment is a pleasing one.

our explanation is defective, we should be glad to have the de-
ficiencies supplied.

69, Hypericum Canadense, L., var. major, Gray.—On wet hill-sides in
the Town of Windham, Green Co., N. Y., grows a very marked form
of this plant, the leaves being frequently 44 lines in width. The
typical form does not occur in that vicinity, though found near the

ountain House. Carum Carui, L., grows spontaneously along the
roadside in East Windham. |

10. Publications received —1. Grevillea, No. 1, with a colored plate,
gives much space to American Cryptogams ; to the publication here
of most of them we have already referred. A new contribution is

Pezixe Americane, by M. ©. Cooke and C. H. Peck.

2. Archives of Science, No. 5, McIndoe’s Falls, Vt., contains the com-
mencement of a catalogue of Vermont plants, Ranunculacee to Fuma-
“acee. The most curious item, however, belongs to New Hampshire:
Clematis Viorna, “found abundantly just across the Connecticut river

om Brattleboro’, on Wantasetiquet Mountain, on a sheltered
Southern slope, by C. CO. Frost.” Another article, Botanical Notes, by
Prof. Ed. T. Nelson, of the Ohio Wesleyan University, on Mistletoe
and Trillium, is of interest to botanists.

3. Circular of a New Botanical Check List. ‘Tt will include the

henogamous and Acrogenous plants of that portion of North
America... embraced in Gray’s Manual and Canada.” Address,
A.H. Curtiss, Liberty, Bedford Co., Va.

4. The Article “On the Cause of the Deterioration in some of our
Native Grape- Vines,” by C. V. Riley, in the September No. of the
American Naturalist, contains Dr. Engelmann’s elaboration of the
“ Grape- Vines of the Old United States.” In the August No. is a
notice of a wild double-flowered state of Saxifraga Virginiensis, Mchx.
ae oat a specimen gathered in Greenburgh, Westchester Co., N.Y.,
m 1858.

5. Nature, July 11, 1872 (No. 141, Vol. 6), contains the memorial
of Lyell, Darwin, Bentham, and other eminent scientific men, to
Mr. Gladstone, in reference to the disgraceful interference of a Mr.
Ayrton with Dr. Joseph Hooker. This Ayrton happens to hold the
office of First Commissioner of the Board of Works, and treats his
official subordinate Dr. Hooker in a way that threatens to drive him
from his‘most useful position. Mr. Ayrton, in his self-conceit, seems ~
not to be aware that England would be in a sad state of decay if she
had not many men better qualified for his office than he is,
but if Dr. Hooker should be displaced, there could not be
found another to fill the vacancy. “ Nature” is constantly press-

ing the union of State and Science, but such experiences as that of
Dr. Hooker in England and Mr. Parry in this country are not en-

.

couraging.

40

7]. Westchester County Plants.—Dr. S. B. Mead, of Augusta, Han-
cock Co., Illinois, has sent us a list of plants which he gathered
many years ago in Westchester Co., N. Y., and Greenwich, Ct.
We select some of the most notable. NORTH SALEM: Clematis verti-
cularis, DC.; Ranunculus abortivus, L., var. micranthus; Coptis tri-
folia, Salisb.; Dentaria diphylla, L.; Acer dasycarpum, Ehrhart (Oro-
ton River); Myriophyllum tenellum, Bigelow; Viburnum opulus, L.;
Iiatris scariosa, Willd.; Solidago rigida, L.; Hottonia inflata, 1;
Castilleia coccinea, Spreng. ; Dirca palustris, L.; Celtis occidentalis, L.;
Abies nigra, Poir.; Arethusa bulbosa, L.; Liparis liliifolia, Richard;
Aplectrum hyemale, Nutt.; Trillium erythrocarpum, Michx. (Peach
Pond); Chameelirium luteum, Gray ; Juncus pelocarpus, E. Meyer; —
Pontederia cordata, L., var. angustifolia (Peach Pond) ; Schollera
graminea, Willd. (Croton River); Eleocharis quadrangulata, R. Br.
(East Long Pond). PEEKSKILL: Polanisia graveolens, Raf.; Elatie
Americana, Arnott; Tillwa simpler, Nutt.; Cranizia lineata, Nutt.)
Limosella aquatica, L., var. tenuifolia, Hoffm.; Sagittaria pusilla,
Nutt. GREENWICH; Reseda luteola, L. (roadsides) ; Tussilago Far-
fara, Li.; Hottonia inflata, L. (He found this plant before the year
1820) ; Galeopsis tetrahit, L.; Hyoscyamus niger, L.; Quercus —
obtusiloba, Mchx.; Aplectrum hyemale, Nutt. RIDGEFIELD, Ot: —
Tamarack swamp, about 2 miles from N.E. corner of Town of North
Salem: Aralia hispida, Mchx.; Andromeda polifolia, L.; Kalmia
glauca, Ait.; Nemopanthes Canadensis, DC.; Orontium aquaticum, L.;
Xyris flexuosa, Muhl., Chapm.; Eriophorum alpinum, L.

72. Trip to Staten Island—Herborizing with a friend, early in July, —
we were struck with the frequency, near Tottenville, of Diospyr0s Vir.
giniana, L. We saw some bushes of Pinus inops, Ait., almost stripped
of their leaves by caterpillars. The most abundant growth of Apr —
cynum cannabinum, L., that we have met with near the city, was just 4
beyond Red Bank Light, along the shore, the nearest R.R. station —
being Pleasant Plains. Teeoma radicans, Juss., is perfectly at home —
here, spreading over the sand, and climbing the bushes, particularly —
a group of self-sown Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf., which was in a blaze
with the showy trumpets. The shore in the same locality wa —
covered with Artemisia candata, Mchx., which has not before been Te
ported from the Island. We picked up a pretty sound twig or |
into a minute crevice of whose bark some grass (Calamagrostis are —
narwa, probably) had inserted its fibrous root. The fibre had passed :
between the bark and wood, and had found its way out some inches —
away on the other side. The openings in both cases were 80 pe
fectly filled by the fibre of the grass root, that it seemed to have
bored its way through the hard bark, which must have been one-S
teenth of an inch in thickness. My companion had ofter noticed
similar appearances in the Northern woods. 3

eee

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars

Sor seven ; and half a dollar for every additional
copy, per annum,

local Herbarium, 3, R. 33d St.—Rditor, 224, B. 10th St.

The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, at ™% ‘

Vol. HL, No, 9] BULLETIN OF THB TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, New York, September, 1872,

73. Notes by Mr. Hall—tIt is well known that the name Bugloss comes
from the Greek Bovylwaocce, and means “ Ox-tongue;” but Dioseo-
rides relates (Ihave not the work at hand, and cannot remember pre-
cisely the place) that the Greek vame is only a translation of the
Phenician “ Haleshon Eleph,” «name the Carthaginians applied to
an herb they used medicinally. The name, any Hebraist will im-
mediately see, means “the tongue of ox,” or as we would say, “the
ox-tongue.”

Some years since, I found in Sennet, Cayuga County, a number
of exceedingly large specimens of Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Fée.
On burning some broken pieces, after I had dried them, I noticed
that instead of leaving an ordinary ash, each piece left a white glo-
bule of nearly pure carbonate of potash. Ithen took a whole frond
and set one end on fire, holding the other, when a little white glob-
bule of KO,CO, followed up the burning end, hissing and boiling
and increasing as it went on, and attaining the size of a very large
Pin-head by the time the frond had burned up to my fingers ; but
no other ash appeared. I repeated the experiment several times
with the same result, and have since tried specimens from other
localities, and have often found that the fern would thus burn en-
tirely up, with nothing solid left but a white globule of carbonate
of potash. How pure the salt was I cannot say, as I only satisfied
myself of its main character. I ought to mention that the soil in
which the specimens first mentioned grew was mainly formed of
decayed wood. :

74. The Willows of Amherst, Mass—All the common species are
abundant, six or seven sometimes being in close proximity, ;

Salix discolor shows its catkins soon after the first of April, and is
rapidly followed by S, humilis, tristis and sericea, these by S. livida
and cordata, and still later by S. lucida and nigra. Several varieties
of S. fragilis and alba are cultivated for hedges and other purposes.
S. myrtilloides is found in adjoining towns, and S. longifolia on the

opnecticut river farther north. : ; :

It is important that the place each species holds in Anderson’s
arrangement should be known, but it is sufficiently puzzling to as-
sign each its place according to Gray’s Manual, and the MOTE 80, As
the term “species,” in many cases, really means “group,” and often
‘avery co ive one.

1. Sali Viscobn, Mable, as found here is reasonably constant as
described, and the ordinary forms are readily recognized in flower.
The mature leaves occasionally retain some pubescence beneath, and
can hardly be told from the similar leaves of S. humilis except by
their being serrate. Old bushes have often exceedingly small leaves.

2. Salix humvilis, Marsh., seems to be a convenient name for all
the protean forms occurring between undoubted S. discolor and S. —
fristis. * * *
One form, with slender, dark twigs and thin leaves, growing in
the shade, is very like S. discolor. A second, with eee ons, Seay,
downy shoots, numerous and thick leaves, very woolly beneath, and

worked slippers, adorned with some highly-colored flowers, and

42

with large stipules, cannot be mistaken, while by the side of it isa
third, with smooth yellow twigs, whose leaves alone determine lt.

Still another form has narrowleaves, much like those of S. tristis,
though thinner and less hoary, while the catkins are very small and
globular, and might make a pretty good species. ye

3. S. tristis, Ait.,is less common than the preceding, whichis
always found in close proximity. It grows in large, low clumps,
with slender shoots often two or three feet in length, and has a less
upright habitthan any other. The ordinary form is readily detected,
but the connection between these last two species is so close that
the distinctions given seem to be more of degree than of kind. |

4. §. sericea, Marshall, is plainly marked. Does its allied species
S. petiolaris, Smith, oceur in New England, and are they more
varieties of one typical form ?

5. S. cordata, Muhl., is another polymorphous group. The broad,
cordate leaves are more common on the thrifty shoots, and a begu~
ner may as well forget that the name has any significance, as he
gathers the narrow lanceolate leaves, often the only ones to be found. :
The fruit is the only constant quantity. :

6. S. livida, Wahl., var. occidentalis, is usually true to its name,
though the leaves vary greatly in hoariness, the prominent ves —
however remaining. Like §. discolor, when old or stunted, its: a
very small leaves render it easy to confound the two. oa

7. S. lucida, Muhl., is widely distributed through the town, bub —
occurs mostly in single bushes, and those nearly all staminate. 12° —
form with broad leaves, somewhat glutinous and drying dark, 18
the most common. The other, with lanceolate and thicker leaves, ss
somewhat pubescent beneath, is less abundant. It is our mostele
gant willow. -

8. S. nigra, Marsh., is common and without much variation. .
: 9. S. fragilis, L. There are two and perhaps three varieties found —
in the hedge-rows. ;

10. S. alba, L., var. vitellina and var. ceerulea both occur, but a8
the staminate trees are not cultivated it is not easy to get complete
herbarium specimens, or study any introduced willows to advantage
Perhaps some benevolent botanist will offer to supply this defect ™
our collections. Ae

The Manual tells us S. livida has its anthers frequently trans”
formed into imperfect ovaries. This is true also of S. humilis, dis
color, and cordata. The “cordata” ovaries are quite perfect an® —
make the bush look as if in full fruit. H. G. Jesur.

75. Humming-bird—I was reminded the other day of the story told
by Pliny, of the painter Zeuxis, who represented a bunch of grapes
_ so naturally that the birds flew at the picture to eat the fruit. My,

friend, Mrs. P. W., told us that a gentleman, the Rev. Mr. Pe
sitting on the piazza of her house with his feet encased in a pair

that she saw a humming-bird repeatedly pick at the flowers, in t

vain attempt to find in them his accustomed nourishment. This
eurious fact seems to indicate that the attraction in such cases is
not due to the odor of the flowers, but simply to their bright color ;
and that the Greek story is not so imprabable after all. C.D. M.

16, Acta, L.—I have been interested this summer in the exami-’
nation of the Actzea—both red and white—of which I saw hundreds
of fine plants. It is impossible to mistake the one species for the
other, without regard to color of berries.

The red berries (A. spicata) have very delicate, long, green pedi-
cels, }/. The berries are a half larger than the white, and the stalks
are hollow, and easily crushed with the thumb and finger.

_The long pedicels give to the head much of the ovoid shape men-
tioned in the books as opposed to the oblong heads of the white.

A. alba has berries small, }/, and generally white, though I found
Several red, but it was as easy to distinguish them from A. spicata
as if they had been white. The pedicels are 4/ long, and very thick
and red, and, in contrast with the white berries, produce a
Very pretty effect. The stalks are solid, occasionally having a fine
thread-like hollow at the centre, but are never easily crushed with
the fingers. This distinction is very remarkable. I probably ex-
amined more than 100 stalks, and brought some with me showing
this difference. I found it everywhere the same.

The small red berries on thick, short, red pedicels were as clearly
the A. alba as the white ones ; they had every characteristic but
color, and that of a very different shade from the A. spicata. :

_ This cireumstance has made me doubt the observations on which
18 made the statement, “white berries sometimes occur on slender
Pedicels, and vice versa,” for in my case, though “ vice versa,” they
Were not A. spicata in any sense. The white is generally of a more
Slender habit than the red, and taller, but I should find it difficult,
if not impossible, to distinguish them except in fruit, and then it is
impossible to confound them, and I make no doubt as to their being

Stinct and well-defined species. J. S. Merriam.

77. White Partridge Berries We found last week a good many white
partridge-berries (Mitchella repens). We have never noticed them
before, and would like to know whether they are common ; if so, we
are not close observers. They were growing with the red berries,
but not on the same vines. ‘They were larger than most of the red
ones. We thought at first that they were unripe berries, but they
cannot be, for there were quantities of green ones which did not look
at all like these. We find no mention of them in Gray’s Botanies.

Canaan, Cr., Sept. 11th. eure

78, Aspidiu elypteris, Swartz.—Mrs. L. A. Millington finc
fern ios phi Waaeths in drying. She writes :—‘“I think we
Shall have to call it a variety, as not all that I have examined have
Proved to be fragrant. The fertile fronds are somewhat eds

as

and the whole plant softer and lighter colored. I find that it has.
been known aii country people as Beaver-~meadow fern. Marshy

"A

44

bits of meadow smell deliciously of it in autumn. Before I knew of
its fragrance, I have looked them over and over for vernal grass.
I discovered that it was a fern four years ago at New Pond, in
Elizabethtown (Essex Co., N. Y.).”

Fungi. —Mrs. Cr adds :—‘ The season has been very wet, and the
woods swarm With fungi. The leaves on the forest trees were
blighted by them so much that whole patches of hillside covered
with deciduous trees looked as if fire had run through them. Isaw
fine trees with foliage turned yellow, owing to a fungus with brown, _
powdery spores, which grew under the smooth bark of the lesser
branches. The Balsam Fir has a curious fungoid growth whichis

-8o like in effect to Arceuthobium that it is hard to tell them apart
till you handle them. I have not found the Arceuthobium on the
Balsam as yet.”

79, Willows and Poplars—We are indebted to the Rev. H. G. Jesup
for a very fine suite of specimens of the Amherst willows. Ow —
own collectors seem generally to have neglected these two gener,
and our materials have consequently been very meagre. a

80. Rhyneospora nitens, Gray— This southern form has been de

tected at Long Pond, Wading River, L. I., by Messrs. Young and
Miller.

SALICACEA. ee
Salix, Tourn.—t, candida, Willd.; found in all our districts ; N. bce -
N. tristis, Ait.; Long Island ; Staten Island ; South Amboy.— —
8. humilis, Marshall ; Hunter’s Point, Allen ; Harlem River, V-
H. L.; Glen Cove, Coles.—S, discolor, Muhl.; everywhere com
mon ; N. Y.—4. sericea, Marshall; Westchester Co.; Berge?
Point.—, petiolaris, Smith ; reported from Westchester CO
and New Durham Swamp, but the specimens are not decisiv®
—K. viminalis, L.; cultivated in N. J.—S. cordata, Mubl.; rather a
common, particularly the narrow leaved forms.—%, livida, Wabl — 2
var. occidentalis; rather common.—S, Ineida, Muhl.; common-—_ :
‘8. nigra, Marsh; N. Y., banks of Harlem River and Westchestes .
Co., where is found the var. faleata—. fragilis, L.; N. Y.an¢
Westchester Co.—S, alba, L.; Glen Cove, Coles ; var. vitellimt;
common on and about New York Island.—S. Babylonica, Tour?»
yeas in cultivation —$, myrtilloides, L.; Budd’s Lake, N.?»
cae ;
POPULUS, Tourn.—P, tremuloides, Mchx.; common ; N. Y.—P. grandidele
tata, Mchx.; common; N. Y.—P, heterophylla, L.; not uncom —
mons swamps, Bloomingdale, Torr. Cat.—P. balsamifera, L.; Va
candicans; common in cultivation.—P, nigra, L.; was former y
reported ( Torr. Cat.) on the Hackensack road near Hoboken. Ws
have heard nothing of it of late.—P. dilatata, Ait.; still linge’®
on old grounds.—P, alba, L.; much cultivated.

Terms—One dollar for one
copy, per annum.

Lea crc ne =
copy ; five dollars for seven; and half a dollar for every 4 a

* a
Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St.—Rditor, 224, B. 10th St. -
The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, at 7H

P.

a

Tol. IHL, No, 10.] BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. [New York, Octobe, 1872

CONIFER.

PINUS, Tourn.—P, rigida, Miller; common.—P. inops, Ait. ; Long
Island, LeRoy ; Staten Island, LeRoy, Leggett; New Jersey.—
P. mitis, Mchx.; New Jersey, State J’lora.—P, resinosa, Ait.; In-
wood, N. Y. Island, LeRoy.—P. Strobus, L.; common ; N. ae

ABIES, Tourn.—A. nigra, Poir. ; “As far south as New York,” State
Flora ; New Durham Swamp, Torr. Cat.; Secaucus Swamp, W.
H. L.; Palisades, very rare, Orange Co., Austin.—A. alba, Mchx.;
Orange Oo., Austin.—A. Canadensis, Mchx. ; not uncommon ; NOY

LARIX, Tourn.—L, Americana, Mchx. ; New Durham Swamp; Passaic
River; Closter, Austin ; Westchester Co., Yonkers, P ooley ;
Harlem River, Ruger. Wong

THUJA, Tourn.—tT, occidentalis, L. ; “Rocky banks of the Hudson,
New York and New Jersey,” Torr. Cat.; Spuyten Duyvel, N. Y.;
Closter, scarce, Austin ; Glen Cove, Coles ; Yonkers, Pooley.

CUPRESSUS, Tourn.—t. thyoides, L. ; Swamps, Long Island, State Flora ;
New Durham, Secaucus, &c., N. J.; Westchester Co., Pooley ;
Peach Pond, Putnam Co., Dr. Mead in State Flora.

JUNIPERUS, L.—J. communis, L. ; Fishkill, Zorr. Cat.; Glen Cove, Coles ;
Wading River, Miller ; Closter, common, Austin ; these stations
have commonly the prostrate form (var. depressa, | Torr. Cat.)
the upright form is common about Dickerson, Morris Co., 5
and about the Water-gap, Pa., Austin.—J. Virginiana, L.; com-
mon; N, Y.

TAXUS, Tourn.—T, baceata, L. ; var. Canadensis ; Manhattanville, Menard
in State Flora; Palisades, common, Austin.

ARACEZ.

ARISEMA, Martius.—A, triphyllum, Torr. ; very common in rich woods.
—A, dracontium, Schott; LeRoy; Orange Co., Austin. ‘
PELTANDRA, Raf.—P, Virginiea, Raf. ; aoe rvtepay New Durham
Swamp; common on Long Island, /uger.
ALLA, Tot. palustris, L. ; Nor Durham Swamp, Torr. Cat. ; Orange
Co., Austin. “ey
SYMPLOCARPUS, Salisb.—S. foetidus,, Salisb.; very common; *\- e
ORONTIUM, L.—0. aquaticum, L. ; in creeks and swamps, Bergen, Lae
Cat. ; New Durham; Closter, Austin ; Jamaica, &c., Allen ;
Baak, N. J., &e.
ACORUS, L.—A, calamus, L.; common.
LEMNACEZ.

LEMNA, L.—L, trisulea, L.; near Brooklyn, Torr. Cat.; near Bowery
Bay, and New Lots, Ruger ; Closter, Austin ; chow 0 a
rare:—L, Valdiviana, Phillippi (L. Torrey, Austin) ; “ ak ten
tile, Austin ; Patchogue, Allen ( vid. vol. I, No. 9, § 71)- Fe ;
pusilla, Torr. ; not rare, along Staten Is. R. B.; (ad ie
var. trinervis, Austin, Pamrapo, Bergen Co., N. J: Sa O araa:
L. minor, L. ; not uncommon, particularly a fare Set

.__hawken, where it usually flowers: var.. a * ag

Durham? W. H. L.; var. orbieulata, Austin. A

46

(Spirodela) ; very common ; N. Y.; fertile, Staten Is., vid. Vol
I. No. 8, § 61, & seqq.

WOLFFIA, Horkel, Schleiden.—W, Columbiana, Karsted; Closter, rare,
also Orange Co., Austin. é

81, Apocynum, No. 1—One of the most charming of our native
plants is the Apocynum androsemifolum, L., notwithstanding its long
name. The beautiful clusters of rosy bells, with their pink bars and
delicate fragrance, claim for it a place in the garden, where, however,
we do not meet with it, but on open banks and by the side of roads
or cultivated fields. It is well approved, too, by the insect tribe,
who are in general much more appreciative judges of color and odor
than we are. In Europe, where it is not native, it is cultivated in
gardens, and according to Lamarck (Encyc. Article, Apocynum) is
called gobe-mouche, which may be rendered fly-trap. I translate
what he has to say on this subject. “The name gobe-mouche has
been given to it, because the flies, in their greed of the honeyed
juice which is found at the bottom of its flowers, insinuate their
trunks by the narrow passage which is found between the small
bodies which surround the ovaries, and the ovaries themselves, and
when these insects would withdraw their bill, it is found to be held
the faster, the more efforts they make to withdraw it. Thus these
insects, half buried ia the flowers, are caught as in a trap, and
perish there without power to escape.”’ Smith, in Rees’ Encyc.,
Says more generally and, as we propose to ‘show, more accurately:

“If flies alight on this plant they are frequently entangled by the
glutinous matter and destroyed. Hence the plant has been called
“‘ Herb ala puce.” The author of the “Journal of a Naturalist,” Lon-
don, 3d Ed. p. 78, says: “ Allured by the honey on the nectary of
the expanded blossom, the instant the trunk is protruded to feed on

_ it, the filaments close, and catching the fly by the extremity of its
proboscis, detain the poor prisoner writhing in protracted struggles
till released by death, a death apparently occasioned by exhaustion
alone; the filaments then relax and the body falls to the ground.
The plant will at times be dusky from the numbers of imprisoned
wretches.” The figure this author gives. of the anthersis certainly
inaccurate, and he represents the anthers as standing apart at the
top, a position which they cannot assume. His use of the term fila-
ments, too, implies that he had no correct notion of the case. Last
summer, while sojourning among the Catskill Mts.,I spent hours
in watching this plant, but was never so fortunate as to see an in-
sect caught, though there were many traces of them to be found m
the shape of lost members, &c. It would seem, therefore, that our
native insects are not so readily entrapped. hore Oe

s These are all the authorities I have been able to find on. the fer-
tilization of Apocynacee, excepting always C. K. Sprengel, to whom
I may have occasion to refer hereafter. If any of my readers can
indicate any other writings elucidating the modus operandi, the in
formation would be very gratefully received. W. H. L.

47

82 Glen Cove, L. 1, Trillium erectum, L., is found in a swamp about

three miles east of Glen Cove. I know of no other locality on L. I.

~ falium verum, L., grows just south of Glen Cove. Stylosanthes elatior,

4.18 quite common, Rhamnus cathartieus, L., is frequently met with

in the neighborhood of Oyster Bay village, also on West Neck, north
westerly from the village of Huntington, L. I. Issac Corss.

83. West Virginia—During a flying visit to the White Sulphur
Springs. W. Va., in July last, I discovered a small quantity of Sri-
ogonum tomentosum, Mchx., growing ona ledge of rocks about fwo
miles from the Springs. There might havg been three hundred
plants, nearly all in bud, a few showing their yellow flowers. I
gathered a score or more and left the rest to multiply. Crossing
the Alleghanies by carriage road to the Peaks of Otter, I saw Cle-
matis Viorna, L., beautifully in flower and fruit ; also large quantities
of Spireea corymbosa, Raf., and frequent, high and dry, on the rocks,
tall and stout Melanthium Virginicum, Ll. I was unprepared for that,
as with us it grows along the margins of marshes, as at Bergen, N. J.
- On the very top of the Peak of Otter, in among the immense
boulders, is any quantity of Dicentra eximia, DC., luxuriant in its
growth of leaves, which overtop and conceal the flowers. The flow-
ers were badly eaten by insects, and althongh it seemed in prime,
it was with great difficulty I could secure two or three good speci-
mens ; very abundant just there, also, is Saxifraga erosa, Pursh, and
down the sides of the peak, Veratrum parviflorum, Mchx., just be-
ginning to flower. The whole of the loose slender panicles seemed
to be ready grown, all in bud, and only waiting for each other to
blossom. ‘The amownt of Castanea pumila, Mchx., down the valley
of Virginia to Harpers Ferry is wonderful everywhere; along road
sides and in thickets it is the prevailing shrub. At Harpers
Ferry, I saw for the first time Lippia, growing on the rocks with
Dianthera, and on the banks Baptisia alba, R. Br., and plenty of the

istmina. eee TFs he

84. Sesuvium pentandrum, Ell.—On the 20th of August last, I again
Visited East Hampton, L. L., for the purpose of examining the locality
of this plant. I found itin very considerable quanties, and procured
many specimens from which I shall be happy to supply any of our
botanists who may desire it. I think it would be better to collect it
in September. I had hoped to determine whether the plant is an-
nual or perennial, but I do not feel certain, though I believe it to
be perennial, like the other species, S. Portulacastrum, L. =

It is now clear that the latter plant, the only species described in —
our manuals of northern plants, will have to disappear from the next
editions of such manuals, and be replaced by S. pentandrum, here- —
tofore supposed to be a southern form. Core
It is probable that S. Portulacastrum has never been found north
_ of the Carolinas, at least that species is not to be found from any
_ northern locality, in any herbarium, so far as I am aware, in the
ntry. It is not in that of Dr. Gray, nor in Dr. Torrey’s.
_ September, 1872. , J. S. Menriam.

48

85- New Postage Law.— Partial Regulations under the New Postal Code,
1872, P. O. Department, June 20, 1872. We have received this
pamphlet from Mr. A. H. Curtiss of Virginia. Mr. Curiiss had
written to the P. O. Department for information about some stray
packages of plants, and received a note from James H. Maur, First
Acting Assist. P. M. General, stating that “such packages should
be mailed as 3d class mail matter at a pre-paid postage of two cents
for each two ounces or fraction thereof,” and referring to §§ 133 and
163 of the new Postal Code. Section 133 defines third-class maile-
ble matter, in which areincluded seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, and
scions. By the decision of the P. M. General, obtained by Judge
Clinton of Buffalo, and recorded in the Buttery, Vol. Il, No. 3, §

17, “ botanical cuttings” would come under this head. Section 163

of the New Code gives the rate of postage, “one cent for each two
ounces or fraction thereof. Double these rates shall be charged 1a
books, samples of metals, ores, minerals and merchandise prepat 78
by postage-stamps.” Botanical specimens cannot fairly be included

in this exception. We suppose that Mr. Marr looked upon them as
merchandise, which they in no sense are, we think therefore that A
on appeal this decision would be reversed. The packages nore
be so put up that their contents may he inspected, and there shou
be no writing, according to law, though there is great inconvenience
in sending specimens without a label. The package must not ex-
ceed twelve ounces in weight.

86. New Publications—1. Seguoia and its History, There are proba-
bly few of our readers who have not by this time read Dr. Gre 8
Presidential address. The sagacity which long ago detected 7 e
similarity in the Floras of the eastern shores of the northern cont
nents and its probable explanation, finds additional evidence ie
Heer’s more recent investigation of the fossil botany of the Areue
zone, and Maximowicz’s “admirable collections in J. apan and adja-
cent countries,” Dr. Gray’s discourse is one of the first essays ID
what must bein the future a leading department in the science, V1:
The History of the Evolution of Vegetable Forms.—2. Synopsis of
New York Uncinule, by Chas. H. Peck, Albany. “The species of ei
genus [of Zrysiphei] inhabit the living leaves of trees and shru te
and make their appearance late in summer or in autumn.” “The

number of species inhabiting this State is unexpectedly large, seve?
being now known.” Se
_ 87, Sedges and Grasses —Al who have specimens of these orders, i
know of stations, will oblige us by communicating them at an ere
day. We are in immediate want, also, of reports on Potamogetons
and the succeeding orders of Endogens. :

88. New Localities. Mr, Miller finds Myrica Gale, L.., abundant 9 :
Wading River, and Mr. R. W. Brown reports Aseyrum stans, Mchx.
from Keyport, N. J.

Terms—One dollar for one copy; five dollars for seven ; and half a dollar forevery addition®. —
copy, per annum.

Local Herbarinm, 3, B. 330 St.—Reitor, 224, B. 10th St La
The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, at TAP.

——

mae TET

Vol. HHL, No. 11.] BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, [New York, November, 1872,

89. Apocynum, No. 2.—Looking deep down into the bell of Apocy-
num androsamifolium we see what may be likened to a striped conical
tent. A more satisfactory view may be had with the aid of a magni-
fier. This cone is formed by the five anthers meeting in a point :
the stripes are the narrow intervals between them. The anthers are
shaped like the head of an arrow, but the ends of the barbs are
somewhat incurved and conceal the shaft or filament, which is be-
sides bent inward toward the base of the style. This incurving of
the base of the anthers makes the lower end of the space or groove
between them a, little wider than the upper part of the passage and
might serve to catch the leg or proboscis of a fly and guide it to the
groove. Facing this wider part of theinterval, but a little lower, are
the sharp triangular projections near the base of the corolla, and
beneath, within the filaments, are the five glands or nectaries, prob-
ably representing an inner circle of stamens. The pink stripes of
the corolla are alternate with its lobes, consequently opposite the
stamens ; they are sharply defined and form a sort of crown or scale
at the junction of the lobes.

On investigating the interior of our conical tent, we find a curious
and quite complicated arrangement. In the first place, the lower
part or barb of the anther is destitute of pollen. Then, where the
filament joins the anther, is a membrane surrounding the middle of
the style and uniting it pretty strongly to the stamens, serving at
once to hold the anthers in their fixed position, and to screen the
base of the style below from the pollen above. The anther consists
of two cells, which, when separated below, form what we-have called
the barbs. Above the insertion of the filament theinner walls of these
cells are united into a short column or wall, and further up their
edges again become free, and spreading outward nearly meet the edges
of the outer walls of their respective cells, so that the slit for the
escape of the pollen is almost lateral. Thus the inner side of the
anther presents, near the top, the appearance of a smaller two celled
anther within the larger one. We may call this apparent anther
antherion, or little anther. Just below it, on each side of the column
mentioned as formed by the consolidation of the inner cell-walls,
are two little pockets, just at the end of the openings for the escape
of the pollen in the sides of the antherion. These pockets are empty,
unless they may contain the cell lining in a somewhat disintegrated
form: Iam not sure of this point. The upper portion of the cells
of the antherion are also destitute of pollen, and apparently serve
only as a protection for the small portion below them which is
really polliniferous. The pollen grain is compounded of four sphe-
rules as in Periploca. ae

The pollen bearing portions of the anther, then, it will be seen,
open along the lateral edges, and are separated from the correspond-

ing edges of the adjacent anthers only by a very narrow groove, S80

that, if a small rough thread be drawn through this groove, the
pollen on both sides will be disturbed, that is the pollen in the righ
hand cell of one anther and the left hand cell of the other, This

ae

ae Te eee aT ee ee

50

arrangement brings to mind the pairs of pollen masses derived .
sintilarly from sdjaceit anthers in the closely allied family of the —
Asclepiadacez. ; Fe :
Just above the membrane or partition wall which divides the —
upper from the lower portion of the style, the latter 1s surround g
by tive small and very glutinous projections, which abut against
that portion of the anther which we called a column and are pressed :
a littls into the pockets, so that, in consequence of the depression —
made by the column, they present somewhat the appearance of ten —
little knobs. ‘They thus approach nearly the passage of the pollen
on both sides of it, but do not block it up. ‘he upper part of the
style is glutinous and imperfectly two-lobed : it would naturally be ;
supposed to be the stigmatic surface. Pollen grains are commonly —
found on it, whether in. course of nature or in consequence of dis- bs
arrangement by dissection. ° The lower part of the style, below the
dissepiment which screens it from the pollen, is top-shaped and —
tapers down to the point where it joins the ovaries. The broadest
portion is a little lower than the base of the anthers, where the
space between them is widest, and would naturally afford a foot-
hold for insects sipping the nectar. The filaments are parallel wi) —
the tapering base. I have found grains of pollen also but in less
abundance on this broadest portion of the style; where it mg
have been left by an.in sect before drawing its foot or trunk up the a
groove, as it certainly must do sometimes.
I have found many cases of limbs of insects caught in the grooves —
between the anthers, and, in one instance, the remaining UpP® —
portion of a fly who had there “miserably perished,” having beat: 2
held by his proboscis. On another occasion, I found the pollen
mass of an Asclepias caught in the base of the groove. To _
tain if a small object drawn through the groove would bring ma
the pollen, I availed myself of the hooked styles of a Geum.
hooked end came out with a supply of pollen held together by® —
glutinous substance, as if it had first brushed the glutinous et
cesses that lie on each side of the entrance to the pollen, oe :
next, coming in contact with the pollen, had brought it out. 4 fe
days after I found the mass perfectly solidified. If the limb of sf
insect were too large to more than brush the glutinous ey oar
or if this substance had begua to harden, it would be difficult"
the insect to escape unmutilated. oS oe :
The plant is quite fertile, but, nevertheless, the larger portio® ©
the flowers fail to produce pods. oF e
In the present paper I have endeavored to state the facts witho
offering an explanation, though, in trying to make my descriptiom
intelligible, I could hardly avoid suggesting one. I do not suppos?
that I have discovered any new points in the structure of this ™
_ vellous flower, but I can not find that the mode of fertilization
yet been interpreted, and propose to offer ‘some suggestions 0?
subject in a concluding article. _ W. HL.
M0. Aquilegia, Tourn—A scholar suggests that this word is ines

5

. 51

plicable as a derivative of aguila, eagle, but might be legitimately
formed from agua, water, and lego, to collect, the spurs being com-
pared to water holders. ‘Tae explanation in Gray’s Manual—‘“from
“aquila, an eagle, from some fancied resemblance of the spurs to ta-
lons—” is that given by Tournefort, the author of the genus. But
Tournefort adds “as they say,” “ ut aiunt,” showing that he only adop-
ted a name in use. On this subject we have received the following
communication. It must be renembered that Tournefort’s date is
about the year 1700. Our correspondent shows that the word is much
older than that, though somewhat different in form. Possibly, as
aquileia, 1¢ is really reiated to aquila. Eps.

I find a somewhat different account in the Herbal of Hieronymus
Tragus, (Anglice, Jerome Buck) printed in Old German at Stras-

‘ bourg in 1551. The plant is there called “ Agley” and ‘ Aglei,”

both ways of spelling being employed. A fine cut and accurate
description leave no doubt of the identity of the plant; but the
author had evidently no idea of the eagle-spurs, or of aguila, as, in
describing its spurs, he likens them to those of the “ Kisenhutlein
und Rittersporen” (Monkshood and Larkspur.) Speaking of the
name, the author identities the plantas one sort of Centawry spoken
of by Dioscorides and other ancient authors, the name Centawry
having been anciently applied to this, as well as to several sorts of
Composite, Gentians, Saffron, and other plants. The sort of
Centaury to which this plant belonged, however, had two varieties, of
Which the larger is the Columbine, and was cal.ed both Centaureum
majus and Centaurea solida, besides numerous other names. The
author says it is called by the moderns “Aquileia, Alkaleia, Usi or
Osir, [and] Agley, presumably the same as Aegilops.” Aigilops
1s the ancient name of several plants ; if we can connect Agley
with aigilips, (steep, inaccessible, prop. inaccessible to goats,) [or

_agilos| it would not be a bad name for the plant, considering

its love for cliff-sides. But whether Aquileia and Alkaleia and
Aquilegia are corruptions of “ Agley,” or what may be the definition

of “ Agley” I do not presume to determine.
: I. H. Hart, 36 Pine st.

M1, Suffolk County Plants—I have found in this vicinity during the
past season, Helianthus angustifolius, L., Rumex Engelmanni, Ledeb,
Rhynchospora nitens, Gray (at Wading River), Panicum amarum,
Ell. ; which I believe are new to Long Island. Of other species, I
may mention : Hottonia inflata, Ell. ; Arethusa bulbosa, L.; Orontium
aquaticum, L. ; Smilacina stellata, Desf. ; Hypericum adpressum, Bart.;
Solidago odora, Ait., var. inodora; Lycopodium inundatum, L., var.
Bigelovii, Tuck. ; Eriophorum gracile, Koch. ; Fimbristylis spadicea,
Vahl., var. castanea, Gray ; Andropogon Virginicus, L., and A. ma-
crouros, Michx. I found Vallisneria spiralis, L., in a quite swift but
Shallow stream, which is the outlet of Great Pond S. W. of River-
head, with leaves only 2 or 8 inches in length.

Prunus Cerasus is thoroughly naturalized with us, the young trees
Springing up everywhere in hedges and along neglected fence rows.

52

Chelone glabra, L., I have found with 5 perfect stamens, while other —
flowers from the same plant exhibited the usual form. a
Solidago lanceolata, 1, I have found growing in dry soil by the
roadsides, while other plants collected from a salt marsh were far
more strongly honey-scented und scarcely rough-pubescent except
on the margins of the leaves. a
Muhlenbergia diffusa, Schreber, I find aping the manners of I. Mex —
icana, Trin., and becoming a weed of gardens, and near build- =
ings. aoe
Panicum proliferum, Lam., too, seems somewhat out of place m~
company with P. capillare, L., in a perfectly dry garden, although it
made itself at home there. is

Northville, L. I, : Henry W. Youss. —

99, Yueea filamentosa, L.—Our correpondent, J. W. B., writes that
on carefully examining what remain of his capsules of this plant, 2° —
finds some of them perforated as described by Dr. Engelmann.

93, Reassembling of the Club, Oct. 299th—Present: Messrs. Torrey, Le
Roy, Allen, Bower, Hall, Hogg, Gerard, Leggett, Merriam, MeIntyr®
Morris, Payne, Redfield, Ruger, Wilber, Wood. Among the visitors
were Dr. Newberry and Messrs. Froebel, Neerbach, and T. Hogg: 3
Dr. Torrey and Mr. Redfield had daring the summer recess visited
the Western part of the Continent. One of the spoils brought back”
was a gigantic Pterospora Andromedea, Nutt., over four feetin height.
Dr. Newberry exhibited a fossil Onoclea, undistinguishable from %
sensibilis, L., with the venation perfectly preserved. This specime?
was from the Miocene of the Upper Missouri. Poe

94, Exchanges—Mr. E. S. Miller, Wading River, Suffolk Co., N. V5
wishes to exchange the plants of his region, particularly for North :

American Ferns. ;
TYPHACER. :
Typha, Tourn.—t, latifolia, L.Marshes and pools, Torr. Cat. Closter
common, Austin ; Glen Cove, Coles ; Westchester Co., P' ooley i
Roy.—T. angustifolia, L.; similar situations, Torr. Cat. ; Aus
Pooley ; I have never been able to satisfy myself that we hav?
two species: the usual form in this vicinity answers to t. =
gustifolia, and is quite common. W. H. L. Vid. State Flora.
Sparganium, Tourn.—%, euryearpum, Engelm. ; Closter, common, Aue
tin; Pleasant Valley, W. H. L. ; in ditches and small hpi ae
Torr. Cat.—, simplex, Hudson: Var. Nutallii; Wading River, L.-
Var.-androcladum; is apparently the prevailing form oD
about the Island of New York.
NATADACE. cca
Naias, L —N, flexilis, Rostk.; rather common; Hackensack Rivet,
Austin; Flushing, W. H. ZL. be
Zannichellia, Micheli —Z. palustris, L.; Allerton’s 1861, Austin ; ditches
New Durham, Austin; Var. peduneulata; Flushing, Ww. #

- Lerms—One doliar for one copy ; five dollars for seven: and half a dollar for every
copy, per annum. ; :

Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St.—Rditor, 224, B. 10th St. — ig
The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of themonth in the Herbarium, Columbia College, a

~~ Wat I, No. 12.) BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. New York, December, 1872,

ZOSTERA, L.—Z, marina, L, ; common ; in fruit, Easthampton, Suffolk,

_ .Oo., 7. F. Allen.

RUPPLA, L.—R, maritima, L.; common ; Spuyten Duyvel, Ze Roy ; on
ne bank of a brook near Chester, Morris Co., N. J., 1864,

ustin.

POTAMGGHTON, Tourn.—P, natans, L. ; common.—P, Cakesianus, Rob-
bins, Peekskill, Le oy.—P, hybridus, Mchx.; watersof the Hack-
ensack, Austin ; Staten Islanc, Silver Lake, W. H. L. ; Wading
River, Jliller.—P, amplifolins, Tuckerman; probably not uncommon;
Lake Mohegan, W. A. L.—P, gvaminens, 4. ; waters of the Hack-
ensack, Austin ; Var. graminiiolins, Fries ; Jamaica, W. 2H. L.—
P. Incens, L. ; waters of the Hackensack, Austin; In creeks,
Tor. Cat.—P. praelongus, Wulfen ; Piermont, Austin.—P. ; erfolit-
tus, L. ; common ; Hackensack creeks.—P. trispus, L. ; common
in Morris Co., and at Piermont, N. J., Austin; Passaic, W. H. L.
—P. compressus, L. ; waters of the Hackensack, Austin.—P, panei-
florus, Pursh ; “In the Passaic River and clsewhere,” Zorr. Cat.;
waters of the Hackensack, Austin.—P. pusillus, L. ; Wackensack
and crecks, W. //. L., Austin; Train’s Meadow, Ruger.—P. pee-
linatns, L. ; “Salt water ditches and shallow bays, near New
York, and on Long Island.” Slate ora ;—waters of the Hack-
peak, Austin.—P. Robbinsii, Oakes, waters of the Hackensack,

uslin,

ALISMACEZE.

TRIGLCCHIN, 1.—T. palustre, L.; Gray's Manual?—T. maritimum, L. ;
New York Island, Zorr. Cat.; shores of Long Island.

ALISMA. L.-—A, Plantago, L. : Var. Amerieanum ; common ;N, Y.

SMGITTARIA, L.—S, variabilis, Engelm. : common, with most of the va-
Yeties ; N, Y.—S. ealysina, Engelm.; English Neighborhood,
Austin ; Peekskill, W. H, L, : Var, spongiosa ; Peekskill, W. H, L.
—S. heterophylla, Pursh ; Peckskill, W. 4. £.?—%, graminea, Mchx,;
Jamaica, Flashing, W. H, L—S. pusilla, Nutt. ; Hackensack
Streams, Zurr, Cat, ; English Neighborkood, Austin; Passaic,
W. H, L, ; East New York, and Jamaica R. R., Ruger.

; HYDROCHARIDACE®, > a
ANACILARIS, Richard—A. Canadensis, Planchon ; commen. Vid, § £6.
VALLISVERIA, Micheli—Y, spiralis, L,, common, particularly in the

Waters of the Hackensack and Passaic, _

95, Apoeynum, No. 3.—Before proceeding it is necessary to make
Some explanations in reference to the statements in the previous
article. ‘The empty space in the upper part of the anther is really
between the cells of what I called the antherion and an outer ecat of
the whole anther,which coat is prolonged into a point upward, and
these points meeting serve, I presume, to shield the parts of the
flower Within from the weather. Again, the wider part of the base

the style is not so low down as the base of the anthers, but abcut

lf way between that and the dissepiment or partition between the

Upper and lower parts of the style. In speaking of the cell walls of

the anther, I used the term generally, for convenience of descrip-

id

tion, not having made a special investigation of what parts of the
anther are really represented by the column and other processes.
The very curious diaphragm which sepa. ates the two portions of the
style is five-lobed, in consequence of a slight d. pression between the
anthers, where, we may suppose, if fully developed, it would obstiuct
the passage of an insevt’s proboscis throu zh the groove ; its lobes
are in consequence opposite the anthers. From tue middle line of
these lobes the glutinous secretions or glands arise, as may be seell
more distinctly in the bud. They are, in th.s stage of the flower,
the form of an inverted arrow head, the point being on the lobes just
mentioned, and the barbs rising obliquely towards the openings for
the polien. These barbs mature into the glutinous masses, ole
from different pairs being on either side of the groove. The uppe
part of the style, commonly considered the stigmatic surface, aud
which is furnished with the glutinous processes, is of a firmer ¢ol
sistency than the lower part, and, though pollen is often found om
it uuder dissection, I have never found this pollen puttmg forth
tubes. The part below the dissepiment is of a much looser texture,
consisting mainly of curious oblong cells. Attached to the outside
of this, just below the dissepiment, may often be found masses of
pollen agglutinated together and protruding tubes in profusion, one
tube from each of the four spherules of which the grain is com
posed. These would be interesting objects for a microscopist. The
tubes are parallel and very different in other respects, but, never
theless, the object reminded me of the spores of Equisetum. oe
Robevt Brown, it is well known, showed that this is the portion
of the style in.Asclepias that is truly stigmatic, and succeeded 12
tracing the tubes to the ovaries, the placentz, and finally the ovula
Thave not succeeded in following them, far from it ; but I think
it is clear that this is the true stigmatic surface in Apocynum also.
_ The fly probably dips its head dowii to get at the nectaries in th
bottom of the eup, and, in drawing it back, sometimes gets its pr?
boscis caught in the groove between the anthers, to which 1}
guided by their diverging bases. As the proboscis is drawn up th
groove it passes the glutinous glands, which are easily detach
when the flower is mature, and, being thus charged with one o
both of these glands, draws out the pollen from one or both of t
adjacent anther cells. Perhaps. alarmed by this rude entertainme!!
the insect flies off to a more distant flower, where it goes throug!
the same process, first, however, leaving the stranger pollen on thi
stigmatic surface, Or it may, perhaps, sip about the same bus
and being put on its guard, not be at once caught again in the sam
trap. However this may he, it is evident that the whole wonderful
contrivance is to prevent self-fertilization. Observers are mal
_ indebted to Mr. Darwin for calling their attention to what prov
_ be a very general and most curiously varied arrangement in flo
_ to this one end. I might have mentioned that, where the filam
bend closely along the base of the style, they are provided with

- whether, as Sprengel would suggest, to protect the necta

55

tain, or whether to help the fly free itself from its incumbrance, or
for both objects, is matter for conjecture.

This position of the stigmatic surface adds another to the many
points of analogy between Apocynaree and Asclepiadacer. There
8, likewise, a wonderful resemblance in their mode of fertilization,
at least, in the typical genera. If in any period of their history these
quadruplex pollen grains of Apocynum should be massed together,
wad these upward pointing glands should reach and become agglu-
unated to the pollen masses, Apocynum would have to be classed
with Asclepiads—with that section which has the glands below the
pollen masses. It may be, as in the case of Orchids, that these
Sunilar contrivances have arisen independently; or it may be that Apo-
‘ynum belongs to an ancestral stock from which the more perfectly
Specialized Asclepiad has branched off. It is even possible that the
former is a degenerate descendant of the latter. Much depends
upon the history of the peculiar glands of the stigma. I do not
‘uow that their origin has ever been accounted for in Asclepias.
Brown in a masterly manner traced them from their first appearance

4s a furrow in the style, and perhaps nothing more can be done. In
the more varied forms of Apocynacee, however, which seem t» be
the link between ordinary flowers and that very distinct tribe, it
may be possible to trace them still further. One consideration per-
Sents itself forcibly in studying the structure of this flower, that is
the multiplied series of organs, nine circles in all: 1, the five lobes
of the calyx; 2, alternate with these the tive lobes of the corolla;
3, alternate with these the five pink stripes forming a slight crown
above ; 4, again alternating, the five triangular processes at the base
of the lobes of the corolla ; 5, alternating with these, or, taking no
tccount of these, with the divisions of the corolla, the five stamens ;
6, of course alternating, the five nectaries; 7, the diaphragm 3. 8, the
glands; 9, the bilobed style. The glands seem to be opposite the
anthers, as are the lobes of the diaphragm also. What morphological
value the most of these circles may possess, A. de Candolle has dis-~
cussed (Ann. Sci. Nat., 3d Series, Bot., Vol. 1). He considers the
diaphragm an extension of the filaments, but makes no mention of
the glands. But these and other questions it is not my present
Purpose to pursue. =

wo patina new perhaps, I think I have established—the position

of the true stiama, and the mode of fertilization. Wo ..de,

‘6. ARCEUTHOBIUM shedding its seed. —1 visited the swamp in-
Warrensburg, the first week in October, I found the female plants
of Arceuthobinm nearly all gone; every effort that I made to cut
twigs from the matted ‘clumps, where the colonies of these strange
Parasites prow, bronght them down in showers, Fearing that I
Should fail to get plants with full seed vessels, I picked a single
plant with vessels very much swollen. While holding it gently be-
tween my thumb and finger, to observe it more closely, I felt the
tiniest recoil of the capsule, and the seed struck me a smart blow
in the face, IT gathered another, and another, and each pretty little

56

bomb went off with a force that must have carried it several feet
away.
The seed flies out of the base of the capsule, instead of the top,
but its position on the plant makes that the top, as when ripe, the
vessels hang with the true summit turned downward.
I found tne seeds and empty seed vessels lodged all about on the
branches. ‘The plants which have ripened seed, fall off nearly to-
gether, those which have not blossomed, or have failed to be fertilized,
probubly remain for another year. When the seeds are being sown,
there must be quite a brisk bombardment going on for several days.
Isolated colonies of Arceuthobium in forests may have been plant
by seed adhering to the feet of birds. L. A.
07. Suffolk County Plants.—I have found the following plants about,
here this summer, Sarracenia purpurea, L., at River Head, Arabis per
foliata, Lam., and Camelina sativa, Crantz., a single plant of each. ee
Reseda Luteola, L., roadside, Mt. Sinai, L. I, with Mentha aquatica
L., Var. crispa, Benth. Hudsonia ericoides, L, grows plentifully at
Baiting Hollow ; Drosera filiformis, Raf., common, Hypericum Can
adense L. Var. major, Gray, at Long Pond, Wading River, and .
ward’s Pond, Middle Island. —Saginia procumbens, ,, very commoty
Poiygala cruciata, L., and P. Nuttallii, Yorr. & Gray, are both come
mon.—Desmodian laevigatum, DC., at Manor Station, L. I. RB. Rea
Phaseolus helvolus, Lu. common, Galactia mollis, Mchx., I found one.
elump ofat Long Pond.— Prunus Americana, Marshall, [have only met
onece.—Aster spectabilis, Ait., and A. concolor, L:., both common.
Gnaphalium purpureum, L., common.— Pyrola chlorantha, Swartz, Vay
common in the pine woods.— Utricularia minor, L., and U. inter-
media, Hayne, both growing ia a pool together. I ‘notice that
these flower in May and the early part of June, while U. pump
rea, Watt.; U. resupinata, Greene, U. inflata, Watt., U. gibba, L,
U. vulgaris, L., U. cornuta, Mchx., and U. striata, Le Conte, @ —
not flower until August. I find them all here. Polygonum Carey;
Olney, at Long Pond and P. ramosissimum, Mebx., borders | 7
salt meadows.—Sayitlaria calycinu, Engelm., Var. spongiosa, which
reported last year, proves to be S. graminea, Mchx.—Arethusa bul-
bosa, L., common at River Head and Manor.—Cyperus erythro”
hizos, Muhl., grows plentifully at Edward’s Pond, Middle Island.—
Scirpus subterminalis, Torr., grows at Deep Pond, Wading Rivet
Rhyncospora nitens, Gray, grows plentifully at Long Pond, with tbe
typical form of R. macrostachya, Torr., the one I reported last year
was the diffuse variety—Juncus pelocorpus, E, Meyer, grows very
plentifully here.—-Sporobolus serotinus, Gray, is very commo? |
River Head.—Botrychium simplex, Hitch. sparingly at River Head
Wading River, Dec. 5th, 1872. Exravu S. MuLber-

Terms—One dollar for one copy; five dollars for seven; and half a dollar for every addi
‘ copy, per annum, ‘ ;

Local Herbarium, 3, B. 33d St—Editor, 224, B. 10th St.
_— The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia Coliege, 07,

BULLETIN

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB.

Vol. 1¥.] New-York, January, 1878. iNo. {.

Bi a Ni a

1, Meeting of the CInb—At a regular meeting of the Torrey Bota-

_ meal Club, held at the Herbarium, Col. Coll., January 7th, 1873,
there were present, Messrs. Ruger, Wilber, Gerard, Barstow, Loew, —
Day, Bower, Hyatt, Hogg, Leggett, Merriam, Pollard, Le Roy,
A. J. Ebell, A. Gatchett, and Dr. Torrey in the chair.

The Charter granted by the State, April 21st, 1871 to “The New
York Botanical Club,” and as amended, April 29th, 1872, to “The
Torrey Botanical Club,” was read and unanimously accepted, and”
Messrs, Leggett, Merriam and Hogg appointed a committee to pre-
pare a Constitution and By-Laws to be presented for consideration
at the next regular meeting of the Club, January 28th, 1873.

P. V. Le Roy, Secretary.

2, A Bulletin Fond—The Bulletin is now entering upon its fourth
year, and we know has been of service in bringing the students of
Botany throughout the country into communication with each other. -

Our experience has satisfied us that this service was much needed.
ur receipts do not yet quite cover our expenses, but the de-
ficiency for the three years will probably not exceed twenty or
thirty dollars. :
It is our ambition to enlarge our little publication and make it
_ perennial, To do this there is need of funds. Professor Tyndall
pomted out, the other evening, that the votaries of science are not
usually well endowed in this respect. We must look, therefore, for
assistance to our men of wealth who take an interest in science
either for its own sake or for its value as an essential element of
Cvilization. An endowment of about three thousand dollars, would
enable us, with our present list of subscribers, to double the number
- of pages and, perhaps, add some much needed illustrations, It is
believed that the increased facilities would enlarge the number of
eur correspondents, and more than double the efficiency of the
’ Work in promoting the study of Botany. : gee St aes
e have now a charter, so that all funds contributed for this pur-
PoSe will be legally guarded and strictly applied. Communications =
on this subject should be directed to the Treasurer of the Torrey)
Botanical Club, Herbarium, Columbia College, New York. =
3 Apoeynum. No. 4.*—The facts presented in relation to the true Te
stigmatic surface, the diaphragm, and the origin and position of the
© Sp, @ sii. . i 4 oe “eee ‘accounted for by the fact that, when begun, they

_Metrate description disclosed come new facts abont the g
sely Connected with the subject to omitted, ee

&

a

glands, would seem naturally to suggest some theoretical views —
which may prove of use as a guide for future investigations. 4
As the two styles in Apocynum and Asclepias are more or less
distinct both above and below, and each of them belongs toasimple —
pistil, it is not easy to account for a five angled stigma ‘with five —
pairs of glands. But if, as De Candolle supposes, the diaphragm
in Apocynum is an extension of the filaments which has beecme
attached to and surrounds the styles, its fivefold character is readily :
accounted for in Apocynum, and, in view of the close relationship
of the Orders and the similarity of their fertilization, it would, per —
haps, not be unreasonable to extend his supposition to what is called
the peltate stigma of Asclepias. os
It has been shown that the glands in Apocynnm arise in pals —
from the middle of the lobe of the diaphragm, where it jos y
filament. It is possible, therefore, that these glands are likewise 4
modification of some organ of thestamen. Fach half stretches away

from the point of origin of the pair towards the adjacent cell of ils —
own anther, but

merely a modification of the stamens, arising from the adhesion 0
the latter to the style.
two Orders is that it takes place in the upper instead of the lower :
part of the organs. W. 4 fee
4, Lygodium palmatum, Swartz.—I have found the beautiful Clim? :
ing Fern growing in the drier parts of a sphagnum bog, some tay

miles westerly from Mount Pleasant, which is a little southerly
from Matawan, Monmouth Ve. Nod. Phe specimens were very
fine and fall of fruit. S. Lockwoop.

4. Aquilegia—In the Flowering Plants of Great Britain, by -_
Pratt, we find the following: “The French term this plat!
L*Ancolie; and it is Der Ackeley of the Germans, The Italians
call it Acguilezia.”” In the Penny Cyclopxdia we find: “Agua
egta, literally the Watergatherer, because the leaves collect wate
in their hollow.” A friend informs us that he has noticed this
peculiarity, | eas i.
6. Exehanges—J, W. Congdon of East Greenwich, R. I. desires
make arrangements for exchange of collections to be made t
following season, He will collect all the less common bp
of Rhode Island, and of Northern Vermont, including the
oughby plants, He has quite a number of them in hand

3

He particularly desires to secure New Jersey, Southern and
Western plants, ’

_ 1. New Publieations.— Zhe American Journal for Dee. contains an
instructive notice -by Dr. Gray of Decaisne’s, Monograph of the Genus
Pyrus—The American Naturalist for Dec., appetizing articles on The
Vegetation of the Lower Wabash Valley, and the Alpine Flora of Colorado;
for Jan., Mr. Bailey on Our Poisonous Plants, and Mr. Biseoe on
The Study of Lichens. We recommend all our readers to subscribe
to this most deserving Journal. We notice an oversight in not
crediting us with Mr. Merriam’s article on Trees and Rain.—The
Popular Science Monthly has an article on Cultivating Wild Flowers,
by Rev. 8, Lockwood.—Nature, Oct. 10 and17, has some very interest-
ing observations on the Fertilization of a few common Papilionaceous

lowers.
ORCHIDACEZ.
ORCHIS, L.—9, spectabilis, L.; not rare; High Bridge; Hoboken; New
urham, ete.

HABENARIA, Willd., R. Br.—IL tridentata, Hook.; not uncommon;
New Durham and Secaucus swamps; Closter, Austin ; Big
Swamp, Chatham, N. J.; Staten Island, W. H. Z.—H, virescens,
Spreng.; not uncommon; Closter, Secaucus, Chatham, N. J.;
Yonkers, Pooley; Glen Cove, Coles.—H. viridis, R. Br., var. brac-
leata, Reichenbach; Closter, very rare, Austin.—H, Hookeri, Torr. ;
Westchester Co., Le Roy; abundant in Orange Co., Austin.—
H. orbienlata, Torr.; Closter, very rare, Austin.—ll. eristata, R, Br. ;
New Durham Swamp, Torr. Cat., but not reported of late years.
—H. ciliaris, R. Br. In aswamp in Love-lane, and in Hoboken
meadows, Torr. Cat.; Tappan and Tennafly, Austin ; Staten Is-
land and Redbank, N. J., W. H. L.; Keyport, N.J., 2. W. Brown;
Glen Clove, Coles.—I. blephariglottis, Hook.; Keyport, Brown ;

Closter, Austin; Secauens, W. H. L.—H, lacera, R. Br.; common
in all onr districts; N. Y-—Il. psyeodes, Gray ; common; Closter, .
Austin; Glen Cove, Coles; Chatham, N. J.; W. Z. LM, fim-
briata, R. Br.; “Meadows about Elizabethtown, N.J.”, Eddy in

Torr. Cat.

GOODYERA, R. Br.—O. pubescens, R. Br. ; common ; N. Y.

SPIRANTHES, Richard.—-%. latifolia, Torr. ; reported from Glen Cove,
but needs confirmation.—&. cernua, Richard ; common.—S. gra-
minea, Lindl., Var. Walteri; common ; Staten Island and Sum-
mit, N. J., W. H. L.; Closter and Morris Co., N. J., Austin ;
Train's Meadow, Newtown, L. I., Ruger.—t, gracilis, Bigelow; the
most common form in all our districts; N. Y.—S. simplex, Gray;
Tottenville, Staten Island, rare, W. H. Z.; Keyport, quite com-

mon, Brown; Closter, rare, Austin.

LISTERA, R. Br.—_[. eordata, R. Br.; probably grows in our region,
though no specimen properly authenticated is at hand.—L. con-
vallarioides, Hook.; “In the cedar swamp at New Durham,’
Torr. Cat. ¢

ARETHUSA, Gronov.—A. bulbosa, L. ; Closter, rare, Austin ; New Lots,

. Merriam; Glen Cove, Coles; New Darham Swamp, formerly,

+

W. H. L. ; “In the cedar swamp, Weehawk.” Torr. Cat.; Key-
port, common, Brown. :
POGONIA, Juss.—P. ophioglossoides, Nutt.; abundant in the swamps of —
Long Island, New Jersey, and Westchester Co.— P. pendula, —
Lindl. ; “Fort Washington, New York Island, and on the high
hills of Staten Island,” Torr. Cat.; Palisades, not rare, Austin; —
Englewood and Kingsbridge, Bower. —P. verticillata, Nutt;
Huguenot woods, Staten Island, W. H. L.; Jamaica, T. F. Allen;
Tennafly, G. 1 Cook; used to be very abundant near Closter,
rather rare now, Austin.—P. affinis, Austin ; used to grow near’
both Closter and Norwood, now exterminated, Austin. ie
CALOPOGON, R. Br.—t. pulehellus, R. Br. ; common in the same situ
tions with Pogonia ophioglossoides ; Yonkers, Pooley.
TIPULARIA, Nutt—T. discolor, Nutt.; Inwood, W. W. Denslow; Berge
Point and Chatham, N. J., W. H. L.; Big Swamp, near Madi
son, N. J., Dr. Bumstead ; near Newark, Bower ; used to grow
near Closter; the patch is now exterminated, Austin, Probabl,
not very rare, but difficult to be detected. I have found itm
rich wet woods on ridges and hummocks where it would just
escape inundation in the spring, and, though I had marked the
neighborhood where it grew, had difficulty in distinguishing
from the rubbish of the grove its slender neutral tinted scape
and spike, which appear about the end of July. W. H. L.
MICROSTYLIS, Nutt.—M. ophioglossoides, Nutt.; New Durham hie
Torr. Cat.; Closter, rare, Austin; Keyport, searce, Brown; Red-
bank, N.J., not rare, W. H. L.; Jamaica, Ruger.
LIPPARIS, Richard.—t, liliifolia, Richard; Harlem and Weehawken,
Torr. Cat.; Inwood, Denslow; Long Island, Coles ; Keyport,
Brown ; Closter, not raré; used to be common, partly in water,
in the New Durham swamp, Austin.—L. Loeselii, Richard ; /
wood, Denslow ; Williamsbridge, W. H. L.; Closter, rare, Aus
“ OORALLORRHIZA, Haller.—f. innata, R. Br.; Glen Cove, Coles ?—C. ola
~ torrhiza, Nutt.; Bloomingdale, Torr. Oat.; Inwood, Denslow,
Closter, common, flowers in October, Austin ; Chatham, 4.%

Torr. Cat. ; Sparta, Sussex Co., N. J., Austin.—C, acaule,
not rare; Closter, common, Austin; Jamaica, Ruger; Keypol
Brown; abundant at South Amboy and on Long Island,
ably found in all our districts. ee

Terms—One dollar for one copy; five dollars for seven: and half a dollar for every ad
copy, per annum. a

Local Werbarinm, 3, B. 33d St.—EHditor, 224, B. 10th St. a

The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia Coli

(Vol. W¥., No. 2.) BULLETIN OF THR TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. New York, February, 1873, ,

AMARYLLIDACEA,

HYPOXYS, L.—H. erecta, L.; common; N. Y.

HAEMODORACE.

ALETRIS, L.—A. farinosa, L.; New York and New Jersey, Zorr. Cuat.;
Closter, common, Austin ; Keyport, Brown ; Jamaica ; Staten
Island; Chatham, N. J., ete.

; IRIDACE.

IRIS, L..—I, versicolar, L.; common; N. ¥.—I. Virginiea, L.; Closter;

: common, Austin; Hackensack meadows ; Long Island, State
Flora, Miller, Coles, Ruger.

PARDANTHUS, Ker.—P, Chinensis, Ker.; Preakness, Ficher ; between
Jamaica and Middleville, 8. 8. R. R., L. 1, Ruger.

SISYRINCHIUM, L.—S. Bermudiana, L.; common; N. Y¥.; with white flow-

ers, 8. 8. R. R., near Jamaica, Ruger.
DIOSCOREACEZ.

DIOSCOREA, Plumier.—D, villosa, L.,; common; N. Y.

8, Trees and Rain.—[In Vol. III, No. 8, was a short but very inter-
esting account of the desiccation of the Island of Santa Cruz, W. I.

r. Merriam, the writer, has kindly sent us the following communi-
Cation from the friend who was his authority for the facts. The
story of the Lake of Valentia is not new but very apposite, and on
account of the importance of the subject, may claim repetition even
in our limited space. } ae

Your brief published statement concerning the diminution in the
rainfall of the Island of Santa Cruz is in the main correct, save that
it gives the idea of a more rapid change than has probably taken
place. At my former visit, twenty-seven years ngo, the desiccation
had undoubtedly made some progress, but it had not been sufficient
to make itself manifest in.a very marked degree.

The change from fertility to barrenness, which at first must have
been almost imperceptible, is no doubt taking place in an accelerat-
ing ratio. Every new plantation swallowed up by the onward
march of desolation, augments the cause, and renders the arrest of
the evil more and more hopeless. _This movement is from the East,
(the windward end of the island,) towards the West, and is now
quite conspicuous. Every few years an estate, formerly green with
cane fields, becoming incapable of producing further crops, has to
be abandoned to the graziers, whose cattle find a meagre pasture
upon it a few seasons longer. These are in turn driven off, and the
land is entirely given Up. _ Henceforward it becomes, if not quite a
desert, at least a barren waste, producing only a sparse and prickly
vegetation, over which a few arborescent cacti reign supreme. A
narrow belt of green lines the sea shore of this region, consisting of
cocoa-nut palms, the poisonous Manchineel, the sea side grape, and
a few shrubs, whose natural habitat is along the high water mark;
but, inland, cultivation is impossible without constant irrigation.
As there are no streams upon the island, with the exception of a
few rills chiefly near the western end, and the wells are failing, no

orce life from the unwilling soil. Some attempts

means remain to fo: the unwill
were at one {ime made to arrest this insidions advance, but too late

6

to be effectual. A planter, I was told, not long since set oub a
thousand trees upon his estate, and lost every one. It is probable
that had this remedy been universally adopted in time, there might
be a more hopeful future for Santa Cruz. But the final depopula-
tion of this beautiful island, seems now to be written indelibly
among the decrees of fate. sad.

St. Thomas, an island lying thirty miles distant, is similarly
affected. This island, however, being loftier, and having scarcely
any level land, seems to attract to itself a rather moro liberal
amount of moisture from the clouds.

About fifty miles westward of these islands, and in the same
parallel, lies the large island of Porto Rico. The land here is al-
most wholly mountainous, the eastern ridges rising to three thou-
sand feet. A large portion of the interior is still covered with primi-
tive forest, a tangled tropical vegetation of vivid perennial verdure.
The rainfall is abundant, and the soil yields bountiful crops of
coffee and sugar, with a great variety of fruits. ‘

The contrast between neighbouring islands so similarly cituated
is most striking. The sad change which has befallen the smaller
ones is, without any doubt, to be ascribed to human agency alone. |
It is recorded of these, that in former times they were clothed with
dense forests, and their oldest inhabitants remember when the rains
were abundant, and the hills, and all uncultivated places, were
shaded by extensive groves. The removal of the trees was certainly
the cause of the present evil. The opening of the soil to the ver-
tical sun, rapidly dries up the moisture, and prevents the rain from
sinking to the roots of plants. The rainy seasons‘in theso climates
are not continuous cloudy days, but successions of sudden showers,
with the sun shining hot in the intervals. Without shade upon the
surface the water is rapidly exhaled, and springs and streams di-
minish. There is also, as many believe, an electrical action pro-
duced by the points of leaves upon the atmosphere, compelling it to
yield up its moisture. However feeble my be this effect from o
single tree, the myriad spears of a whole forest presented to the —
sky, undoubtedly do exert a marked and powerful influence. . It 18
probably from such a combined action that the drying up of the soil
from the removal of the trees,—desiroying the balance of nature,—
goes On with ever increasing rapidity. ;

equally marked example of the effect we are considering, 18
seen in the small island of Curacoa, lying in latitude 129 N., sixty —
miles from the coast of Venezuela. I visited this island in the year
1845, and found an almost perfect desert, where, according to the
testimony of the inhabitants, had once been a garden of fertility. —
Abandoned plantations, the recent ruins of beautiful villas and ter-
raced gardens, and broad arid wastes without a blade of grass, —
shewed how sudden and complete a destruction had fallen upon this —
unfortunate little island. The cause was the cutting down the trees —
for the export of their valuable timber. The effect followed even —
more rapidly than at Santa Cruz, as the island lies five degrees —

farther to the South, and the heat is more intense, The rains have —
. :

7

almost entirely ceased, and fresh watcr 1s among the Juxuries. l=
most within sight of Curacoa is tho coast of the Spanish Main,
covered with the rankest vegetation, over which the burdened clouds
shower down abundant blessings.
ps Still another example of the connection of such cause and effect
is furnished in this same tropical regions. It is further interesting
_ %8@ curious instance of the influence of political changes upon cli-
aa Sir Chaales Lyell, describing the Lake of Valentia in Vene-
oa a, & broad sheet of water surrounded by a wide belt of cultiva-
_ ton, tells us that tho level of the luke has fluctuated with the vary-
, ag fortunes of this unhappy Spanish republic. From time to time
_ &llerce revolution, more devastating than tropical storm, has swept
overthe land. Jn theso cruel wars among brethrcn nothing was
: arte The inhabitants wero slaughtered and the land laid waste.
i is burning region, on the line of the maximum:temperature of
hee globe, nature quickly resumed her supremacy over the works of
~~ A riotous vegetation sprung up on every side. Tilled fields
_ Teverted to forest. Tho streams augmented, and the level of the lake
: ci. raised. Then came an interval of peace. The land was inha-
: ay Once more; the forests were removed, the streams dried, and
: : ake sank to its former level. Several such tides in the waters —
e se the affairs of men, are recorded, furnishing convincing proof,
' poof is need-d, of the intimate relation of atmospheric moisture
0 vegetable life. Humboldt, in his persoral narrative, relates his
pe to the lake of Valentia, and his measurement cf its changes of
evel and const line. :
view of these facts, what aro we to expect in our own country,
ut the like results, less rapid perhaps, but nene the less sure, from
® unrelenting warfare which is carried on against our ancient

rests ? The thought may well startle us. How shall we arrest 80
earful a, fate ? Frep. Hupparp.

New York, Jan. 2, 1873.

9. Mistletoe —In England at present, as is well-known, the mistle-
on the oak. . Indeed,

8

some branches, an inch and a half or two inches in diameter. The ‘
price of that bunch then, the day after Christmas, was five shillings
sterling. The market man said he believed it came from Kidder-
minster; and that the market supply came from the west of Eng- :
land. However, I had several opportunities to inquire of well- —
informed business men, familiar with the imports and exports and
shipping of England, and they uniformly gave me quite another 2c. —
count, which, in the words of one of them, as nearly as I can re-
member, is the following: “O yes, I know all about the mistletoe,
“you know: it is a fungus, you know; a thing that grows on the
“branches of trees, you know. I never saw much of it in England; 5
“it always grows on knotty old apple-trees: never on an oak. They —
“tell some rubbish about oaks and Druids and the sacred plant, you _
‘know, and believe that it is the native English thing, you know, :
“and, particularly among the lower classes, good to kiss the ladies
“under at Christmas, you know—a sort of harmless bounce, @ pious —
“deceit, that does very well, you know. But I’ve seen no end of 1
“in Belgium, on old orchards, apple-trees that are lumpy and don e
“bear much fruit; and at Christmas time they import. immense —
“crates of it from Belgium into England: crates of immense size— _
“most surprising numbers of them—and supply the whole English :
“market. It’s just as good, you know, for there’s not much more
“mistletoe than Druids in England now, you know.” :

I learned also, that, according to general report, the eer
was propagated by boring holes in the bark of trees, deep enoug
to get at the sap, and inserting the broken berry, or the seed with
its viscous covering. - j Isaac H. Hatt.

10, Financial—Subscriptions for 1873 are now due. 16 would fa —
cilitiate transmission if, along with their subscription money, out
friends remitted ten cents for prepayment of postage for the re-
mainder of the year. Some have sent us double the amount neces

sary, viz., at the old rate of postage. We shall credit them with the
excess.

> =

ll. List of Botanists —We propose publishing a Directory of Botan —
ists in the United States. Our correspondents in each State or lo-
cality would aid us by sending us the names and addresses of thos¢ —
known to them to be interested in the study. 5

12. Orchids.-Additional localities are: Habenaria cristata, R. Br :
Secaucus, Bower; Il, blephariglottis, Hook., Babylon, L. L., and genet —
ally along the south shore, between Babylon and Jamaica, Merriam —
—Pogonia verticillata, Nutt., Woods at New Lots, L. L., Merriam. —
Lipparis liliifolia, Rich., and [, Loeselii, Rich., shady moist hill sides

back of Nyack, Merriam.—torallorrhiza odontorrhiza, Nutt., Laurel Hill,
Jamaica, L. I., Ruger.

sk fg 2h gdh pol hip 3 fe dollars for seven; and half a dollar for every additional
¢ ; g

Se tO STIS hari St—Editor ae
a. dae 3: Local iif tm, oy BE. 33d ? 224, BE. 10th St. ;
The Club mects regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia at? 16 P.

Vol. IV.,No. 3.) BULLerin or THE Torrey Boranicat CLus. [New York, March, 1873.
DEATH .OF. DR. TORREY.

On the evening of the 29th of January, Dr. Torrey pre-
sided at the meeting of the Club for the last time. We all
noticed that he looked more infirm than usual, and the shadow
of the coming event fell upon us. The next day he had an
attack of pleurisy, which left him too weak to recover. He pre-
‘served, however, the clearness of his mind to the last. Not being
able to meet with us on the 25th of February, he sent us a cheerful
note and a botanical communication which we publish below. He
died about 6 p.m., Monday, March 10th. The funeral services were
performed at Dr. Hastings Church, on 42d Street, Thursday, March
13th. The members of the Club from far and near attended in a
body, each wearing a sprig of Zorreya, as an appropriate badge.
Among the mourners were representatives of the Society of the Cin-
cinnati, and of the various academic and scientific associations with
which the Dr. had been identified for the greater part of the century.
The pall-bearers were Dr. Parker, Dr. Delafield, Dr. Agnew, Prof.
Asa Gray, Prof. Henry, Gen. Roome, President Barnard, and Mr.
Albinola. The profuse offerings of flowers to mark affection for the
dead were certainly never more appropriate. The body was con-
veyed the next day to Woodlawn Cemetery.

Dr. Torrey was in his 77th year, and from boyhood had been de-
voted to Science, and rendered her effective service. When a mere
lad, as we have heard him relate, he corresponded with Curt Spren-
gel, one of the most eminent botanists of his day. _His Catalogue of
the Plants about New York was reported to the Lyceum, of which
he was a founder, in 1817, when he was nineteen years old. His
influence upon the development of the science of Botany in this

country has been from that time to the present so large and so con-
stant, and his intercourse with its students so extensive, so instruc-
bably every botanist in America feels

tive and so genial, that pro ‘
that in him = have lost a scientific father and a personal friend.

On another occasion a more competent hand will present the record
of his contributions to Botany. :

The sense of a great loss we HB especially home to the members of
the Club, who for the last six years have been in the habit of meeting
him monthly. The social character of our reunions gave us oppor-
tunity to become acquainted not only with his learning, his sagacity,

is caution, and his integrity—qualities inseparable from a
high scientific standing; but also with his personal bearing, his en-
thusiasm, his ingenuosness, his friendliness, is geniality—charms
which suffered no impair by the touch of time*. To be interested in

otany was a recommendation to Dr. Torrey: the person shared in
his love for the science. This was touchingly shown in the tender-
ness with which he always recalled the departed, and to this trait,
no doubt, was partly due his wide influence. The cordiality with

* On his return from Florida last Spring, the Dr. was rallied upon going

to seek the Fountain of Youth, whe
Old-age. Tue longer I live the more
in the De Senectute.

I enjoy myself.” There is nothing finer

n he retorted, “‘ Give me the Fountain of .

10

which he extended to us the use of his library and herbarium, the
kindly interest with which he entered into our inquiries,
assisted us with his advice, and bore us in mind when he was absent
in the South or West, and, in a word, the habit we had of referring to
him in all our botanical interests, make us feel almost that with his
the life of the Club has departed.

That this feeling exists is perhaps the most genuine homage that
could be paid to the worth of our late President. Against it, how-
ever, it is our duty to strive. It was certainly not for want of so-
cial opportunities that a man so much in request gave up his even-
ings to us, but to foster the interests of his favorite science, to which
the organization of the Club gave promise of contributing. And, on
our part, when we adopted his name in his lifetime, the proposer of
that title certainly, and probably all of us wished to convey to him the
assurance that it was a name that we “ would not willingly let die,”
but would endeavor to honor in efforts for the advancement of the
study of Botany in this vicinity, and even more widely, if in any
way we should be able. In fact we almost promised this in so many
words the last time he met with us. It devolves upon us, likewise,
as the only organization in this community especially devoted to
this science, to watch over the interests of the Herbarium, in which
we have had our being, and whose fate was a constant source of
anxiety to its founder. The sense of these duties, it is believed,
will carry the Club forward.

14. Dr. Torrey’s last communication to the Club.—[Dr. Torrey §
not being able to meet with the Club, Feb. 25th, sent the following
note to the temporary chairman. ]

The day after the last meeting of the Club, I was attacked with
Pleurisy. This, with very active treatment for several days, was
cured, so that I suffered no more pain; but I was left so extremely
weak, that ever since I have spent most of my time in bed. It is

-about a month that I have not been allowed to go down stairs.
It is nearly fifty years since I had a sickness of more than afew 9
days duration. My physician thinks that I am now slowly Jf
mending. - :

As Jam not the Botanical Club, it seemed best that a regular
meeting should be held, although I shall not be able to join your
company. Tell the members how much I regret this deprivation; §
but I shall be with you in fraternal sympathy, and hope you will
have a good time. _I send, as my representative, the picture painted —
by my niece, Mrs. Daniell, of the Herbarium with, your chairman
sitting at his work! * * * # 7

The following you can read to the Club and then use it for the §
Bulletin. Joun TorREY.

Cotumsta Coiecs, Feb. 25th, 1873.

15. On a new species of Phyllanthus.—In the Pacific R. R. Expe
dition of the late Gen. Whipple, in 1853-54, the botanist, Dr. G M. ©
Bigelow, collected, on the sandy banks of the Canadian River, 4 —
low annual plant having all the characters of a Phyllanthus, but —
differing from all the described species of that numerous genus —
(and indeed from the whole order of Euphorbiacez) in the position

11

of the ovules. Instead of being suspended from the summit of the
cells they seemed, in the youngest state, to be fixed to the lower
part of the cell, and to be somewhat ascending. The plant is not
described in the Botanical Report of the Expedition, but was laid
aside for future study and not taken up again until lately. In order
to obtain the opinion of the highest authority in Euphorbiacese, my
friend Dr. Gray sent a specimen of the plant to Dr. J. Miiller, of
Geneva, the author of several works on the Natural Order and of
the elaborate monograph on the same in the Prodromus of De
Candolle. His answer is contained in the accompanying extract
from a letter to Dr. Gray, dated January 7th, 1873.

“The fragment of the new. Arkansas Phyllanthus is curious as
“an intermediate form between hanging and ascending ovules.
“The ovules appear ascending because their micropylar part is
“more elongated than usual, or the rhapheal part shorter compared
“with the micropylar (the rhaphe is distinct), but the whole ovule
“is fixed, in the young state, much nearer the middle than the

“base. All this does not change the character of the order quoad
“ direction of micropyle and radicula, but it requires a modification
“ of the terms upon form and attachment of ovules: Ovules hang-
“ing and anatropal or laterally fixed and hemianatropal.”

16.—New or Little-known Ferns from the United States.—No. I.

1. Asplenium Bradleyi, n.sp.—Mature plant 8-10 inches high ; root-
stock short, covered with narrow acuminate fuscous-black scales ;

Stipes tufted, slender, ebeneous, as in the lower half or two thirds of
. the rachis; fronds membranaceous, oblong-lanceolate, varying to
Ynear-oblong, the largest ones 5-7 inches long, and 14-2 broad,
Pinnate ; pinne rather numerous (8-12 pairs), the lower ones more
distant than the median ones, and of similar size, all short-stalked,
oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutish, more or less incised, in the largest —
pinnatifid with oblong lobes which are toothed at the apex, in the

smallest deltoid-ovate, slightly toothed ; fruit-dots short, near -
costules; indusium delicate.—Top of Walden’s Ridge, Cuater ,
Mts , near Coal Creek, East Tennessee, Prof. F. H. Bradley. cof
" fessor Bradley has favored me with a large suite of specimens 0
this Fern, which in some of its more compound forms is related to

- montanum, from which it differs in its larger size, pedis cae

ranaceous texture, narrower outline of the fronds, and sho
stalked pinnz. Some of the denser specimens also sseegcten eit
What A. lanceolatum of Europe. :

2. Pellzea Ornithopus, Hooker.—Mr. Thomas Moore has lately =
the Gardeners’ Chronicle described a form of this species seed the
name ot Platyloma brachypterum. This form is described 4 =
only bi-pinnate, very strict and dense in habit, and wit ae “
Pinnules than are usually seen in P. Ornithopus. The nin rd)
Series of specimens sent me in 1869 by Mr. eas i om
again, to be distributed in Kellogg and Harford’s bee : gras the

0. 1169), enable me to show a complete graduation = om
ordinary form of P. Ornithopus, of which, however, this plan “g

i i 4 ypterum. —
recognized as a variety under Mr. Moore’s name, brachyp 7

12

3. Pelleea Wrightiana, Hooker.—Mr. Baker has, I think, very prop-
erly united this with P.longimucronata, but one of Sir. Wm. Hooker's
names must be kept for the species, for there is a Pellwa mucronata
of Fée, a simple pinnate species from Mexico, which antedates the
same name as applied to the New Mexican species in the Botany
of the Mexican Boundary. Mr. T. 8. Brandegee, of Canon City,
Colorado, has recently sent excellent specimens of P. Wrightiana.

4. Notholena Newberryi, n. sp.—Stems tufted, 3-5 inches long,
slender, nearly black, when young whitish-tomentose, at length
nearly smooth; fronds as long as the stipes, lanceolate-oblong, cov-
ered with a dense whitish tomentum of slender entangled hairs, most
densely beneath, tri-quadripinnate ; ultimate pinnules roundisb-
obovate, very closely placed, }-3 a line broad, entire or slightly
" erenate; sporangia rather large, at length apparent in the mass of
tomentum.—San Diego, California, Dr. Newberry, Prof. Wood.
Abundant in the Temescal range, Southern Cal., Prof Brewer.
This Fern I have had for many years, and at first supposed it to be
Cheilanthes tomentosa, then a whiter form of Ch. Hatoni, and then
a new species of Cheilanthes. On careful examination, however, I
find no trace of involucre, even on fruiting specimens. The plant
very much resembles small specimens of the Ferns just referred to,
but is whiter, and much more heavily covered with tomentum. In
Notholena it comes nearest to WV. mollis, Kze, from South America,
but is much more delicate, and differs in many other important
respects. D. C. Eaton.

New Haven, Feb. 22, 1873.

18. Mistletoe.—I was interested in Mr. Hall’s article on the mistle-
toe. The American species of this plant, Phoradendron flaves-
cens, grows also on apple-trees. I have not met with it north of
New Jersey, and have seen it there only on the Vyssa multiflora.
But in Bourbon County, Kentucky, I have seen it on the oak (@.
macrocarpon) Gleditschia, dEsculus glabra, and the apple, also on
Robinia. Uhave been taught that its place was on the oak; again,
on ancient pines ; imagine then my surprise at this abnormal con-
duct ! O. R. Witus.

19. Apocynum androszemifolium—This plant grows in great
abundance, in my neighborhood, in neglected fence corners, and upon
the edges of copses. It flowers every year profusely, but I have
_hever yet seen it in fruit, nor has my gardener, an intelligent and

competent botanist, who has carefully searched for a fruiting speci-

men for twenty years. A. C. GREENE.
Frostsure, Md.

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven : and half a dollar for every additional
copy per annum. f

Local Herbarium, 3, E, 33d St.—Editor, 224, E. 10th St.

The Club — regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, at
\y P.M.

Vol. IV., No. 4.] BULLETIN OF THE TorREY BotanicaLCius. [New York, April, 1873.

20. Oaks and Mistletoe.—The interesting note of our fellow-mem-
ber, Mr. Hall, upon the present rarity of mistletoe on the English oaks,
and its frequent occurrence upon the English apple trees, Jeads me
to mention here the very frequent, nay, almost constant occurrence
of huge bunches of Phoradendron (the American representative of
mistletoe) upon the oaks of California. Throughout the plain and
lower hills of that State, scattered oaks, of several species, are the
most abundant tree, and their graceful forms, as well as their vivid
green, seen in contrast with the usual arid vegetation of August,
give a peculiar and needed charm to the summer landscape. It
was my privilege to journey a few weeks last summer in that State
with our lamented friend and master, Dr. Torrey, and his acute and
practised eye was quick to notice that, especially in the Napa and
Sonoma valleys, nearly every large oak that we passed bore
bunches of mistletoe, many of them of great size andage. The
oaks on which it was observed were, Quercus Hindsi:, Benth; @Q.
Kelloggii, Newb. ; Q. chrysolepis, Liebm>; and probably others.
Whether it is there confined to the genus Quercus I cannot say. It
was, probably, one of the varieties of /horodendron flavescens
(Pursh.) Nutt., but our hurried stage-coach travel did not permit
us to secure specimens. East of the Mississippi the Phorodendron
is known to cultivate the society of a considerable variety of trees.

Joun H, REDFIELD. |

2. Orchids.—With regard to the list of orchids in the January
(1873) Bur.erin, a note or two may be worth while. Liparis
lilitfolia, Rich., | have found in the woods near Greenwood Cem-
etery ; perhaps twenty plants. Liparis Loeselii, Rich., I have found
in the very midst of the bog on Weehawken heights, growing
right in the midst of the wet, black mud, and almost in the water
itself. It was healthy and large, and had the remains of two years
previous growth. I have also found it on Staten Island, in the
gravelly bank of a railroad cutting; very vigorous also, and hav-
ing the remains of two years’ growth. 1 found it also on a gravel-
ly bank by the roadside in Tarrytown, very vigorous and. with the
temains of one year’s previous growth. I have several times found
them in the Western part of the State, the L. liliifolia always in
the woods, but the Z. Loeselii always on the side of a gravelly or
sandy bank, about half way up on the rough and uncovered sur-
_ face. Only in the case of the Weehawken bog have I found it a
_ &wet place. I cannot believe that the water 1s the most natura

lace for either species. Cypripedium acaule, Ait., besides the
“ calities mentioned in the BuLtETrN, I have seen frequently ve

taten Island, and occasionally up through Westchester County
and in Connecticut. C. pubescens, Wild., I haye soy Boe
Casionally in Westchester County and in Connecticut 5 but I have
hever, in this region, seen a C. parvifiorum, Salisb. ; nor im ree ge
‘ave I seen any such places as that seems to Jove so well in
Central New York. I do not remember ever to have been ae
‘ng in the Jersey Pines, in the proper season, without sped
atross Habenaria tridentata, Hook., in thesawamps; bis 4
bogs of Westchester County without seeing H. lacera, ——

14

orbiculata, Torr., I do not remember to have seen more than once
in this region, and that extra-limital, near Cornwall, on the
Hudson. H. Hookeri seems to be not infrequent. It may have
escaped general notice that HZ. orbiculata dries white, while ZH.
Hookeri turns quite black in drying. JZ. ciliaris, R. Br., I have
seen in the Jersey marshes, and also down in the Pines.

The difference of distribution of the orchids in our regions from
that in Central and Western New York is worth noticing. Orehis
spectabilis, L., in Cayuga, Monroe, and Oneida Counties, and once
in Onondaga County, I have seen in beds, hundreds of plants to-
gether; here not very commonly, one or two plants alone. Habe-
naria virescens, Spreng., along the outlets of the Western New
York lakes, when found at all, is found in large beds, sometimes —
extending several rods along the shore in the underbrush. Z.
Hookeri, nowhere there uncommon, I have seen fairly covering @
wooded hillside with its large leaves; thousands of plants being
together near the edge of Skeneateles Lake. H. orbiculata is
frequently met with in Central New York; H. cristata, R. Br.,
and H. ciliaris almost or quite never; Z. blephariglottis, Hook.,
not infrequently ; ZZ lacera, R. Br., much less commonly than here;

Hl. psycodes, Gray, in the greatest abundance in many places.
Goodyera repens, R. Br., is there as common as G. pubescens, R.
Br., and both in all the cold woods. Spiranthes gracilis, Bigelow,
is there the least common form of the genus; S. cernua, Rich., the —
commonest. Listera curdata, R. Br., grows in all the cold bogs,
almost always in company with Corallorrhiza innata, R, Br., while

L. convallarioides, Hook., is never found there. _Arethusa bulbosa

is much rarer there than here, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Nutt.,
and Calopogon pulchellus, R. Br., strange to say, almost never
occur there. I never saw cither there myself, but have heard of
their being found there once or twice. Pogonia pendula, Lindl,

18 quite rare, but P. verticillata, Nutt., quite common, and nearly
always flowers finely. Microstylis monophyllus, Lindl, is not un-
common ; nearly or quite as common as MV. ophioglossoides, Nutt.
Aplectrum hyemale, Nutt., is much more common there than here;
and I have twice found it in a close bed covering two or three
square yards. I once found two leaves with their bulbs, both
starting from the same bulb of the previous year, on opposite sides 5
and I have found a succession of six bulb-remains, one after at-
other, attached to the thriving bulb and leaf. Corrallorrhiza
multifiora, Nutt.,and C. odontorrhiza | have found in beds of nearly
two hundred plants, growing under hemlocks, among the rotting
remains of hemlock logs buried lightly in alluvial sand beside 4
stream. C. innata grows, as I have RS intimated, in most 0
. the cold bogs. Cypripedium parvifiorum is common in Oneida
County ; rare elsewhere, C. pubescens and C, spectabile, Swartz,
are abundant in proper localities, C. acaule, Ait., is quite Tare —
there. : Le Bee

22. Watkins Glen.—[Having been applied to for information as t?
the best time fora botanical visit to Watkins Glen, we wrote

15

to Prof, A. N. Prentiss, of Cornell University, who has kindly
responded as follows :]

Perhaps the last week in June would be the most satisfactory
time for obs@rving the floral character of Watkins Glen. I have
myself visited the place but once, and speak of it from my ac-
quaintance with similar localities, rather than from personal ob-
servation. The Southern extremity of all the lakes in Central New
York is surrounded by hills from 400 to 800 or more feet in height,
in which deep ravines have been worn by the descending streams.
These ravines are characterized by a succession of waterfalls and
eascades, rocky ledges and high cliffs. In places they are ex-
tremely narrow, but again widen out into broad amphitheatres.
' The sides are sometimes sloping and covered with a peculiarly
luxuriant vegetation; at other times they rise into perpendicular
walls 200 to nearly 400 feet in height. Nooks and recesses abound
where the sun never shines, and where the air is cool and damp
the whole summer through. In such places a few plants are found
which properly belong to a more northern region. _ They are
doubtless the lingering representatives of the flora which charac-
terized this latitude during the later portion of the glacial epoch.
Perhaps the most interesting of these plants is the pretty little
Primula Mistassinica, Mchx., which abounds in the ravines at the
head of Crooked and Cayuga Lakes, and probably occurs at Wat-
kins. A few individuals of this species have for ages maintained a
loot-hold in those glens, quite separated from their congeners,
which for the most part abound from Labrador to the Rocky

ountains and northward tothe Arctic circle. Pinguicula vulgaris,

-, usually accompanies Primula, Sisymbrium -canescens, Nutt., —
abounds at Watkins, there being only one other known station mn -
the State. The floral character of the Fall Creek ravine at Ithaca,

nown as the Gorge, is quite as peculiar and interesting as that of
the Glen at Watkins. |

23. Destruction of Spruce Trees.—In the Zribune of April Ist, is a
notice of Mr, Verplanek Colvin’s Report to the New York Legisla- .

ture on the Adirondack Wilderness. Mr. Colvin is reported to say: ‘i

uring this day’s march through the forest [in the vicinity of
Cedar River] we saad with a that almost all the majestic —
Spruce timber was either fallen and decaying or standing dead, so
netrated with dry rot and decay as to be crumbling to ae
he same timber, only a few years since, was apparently soun —
Valuable. Now the lands . . . will probably not command
ten cents an acre. This sudden decay of the forest 1s a most a
portant matter to the owners of timber lands thereabouts, and a
Serves the attention of the botanist.” This observation was made

r

last August. Mr, Colvin does not state whether the decay was

_ ¢ommon to both the White and the Black Spruce, or was confined |

to the latter. : 7 : .

_ _ In 1871, Mrs. L. A. Millington, of Glens Falls, abate ee .
Minute Arceuthobium, a plant of the Mistletoe family, was de mes :

_ lng the Black Spruce in the Adiroadacks and adjacent country. -

16

Her observations on the habits of the plant including the manner
of its dissemination may be found in our pages (Vol. II. Nos. 11 and
12., Vol. ILI. No. 12.), and_notes on the subject by Drs. Gray and
Parry in the American Naturalist for 1872. Mr. Chas. H. Peck,
of Albany, also discovered the plant, but subsequently to Mrs. M.,
and gave an account of it in a Keport quoted in our Butierin (Vol.
III. No. 4.). The parasite would seem to have become unusually
abundant of late years. It is very important to learn its anterior
history.

24. Seasonable Hints—Watch the various Willows; gather the
catkins of both sorts, and mark the bushes so as to get the leaves —
later in the season. As the willow is diecious, every variety
should be represented by four pieces, staminate and pistillate
catkins, and corresponding twigs with leaves well developed and
if possible with stipules—Carices are now appearing, and are
much needed for the Catalogue.—Get some pollen of Calla
(Richardia Aithiopica) and examine the contents of the pollen —
granules, burst or crushed in water, to see the movements of the

fovillz.
SMILACEZ,

SMILAX, Tourn.—S. rotundifolia, L.; common; N. Y. : var. quad-
angularis; Staten Island, Av/en,—S. glauca, Walt. ; not un-
common; New Jersey, Long Island, Staten Island, &e. S.
herbacea, L.; common; N. Y.: var. pulverulenta; flats east
of Greenpoint, 7! FA. & W. H. L.

LILIACE 4,
TRILLIUM, L.—T: erectum, L.; N. J. Zorr. Cat. ; near Norwood
and Tappan, Austin ; Preakness, Fischer ; Glen Cove, Coles ;
Lawrenceville, Ruger, Westchester Co., Pooley. T. cernuum,
L. ; Closter, common, Austin ; Preakness, Fischer > Nae
of N. J., opposite Hudson City, Ruger ; Westchester Co.,
fischer 3 Long Island, Newtown, common, Ruger; Glen
Cove, Coles.—T. erythrocarpum, Mchx.; New Durham
Swamp, Zorr, Cat. ; Long Island, Coles.
MEDEOLA, Gronoy.—M. Virginica, L.; common; N. Y.
MELANTHIUM, Gronov., L.—M. Virginicum, L.; not uncommon in
low grounds; Hackensack Flats; Staten Island; Keyport,
Brown ; Yonkers, Pooley ; Closter, Austin. A variety with
much broader leaves, and, I believe, otherwise different, occurs
in upland woods and thickets in Orange Co., Austin.
VERATRUM, Tourn.—V, viride, Ait.; common; N. Y.

HELONIAS, L.—H. bullata, ..; near Freehold, Monmouth Oo., N. J.
Lockwood. Vid. Vol. IL., § 38. : :

Terms—One dollar for one five dollars ; ada ES
ohiy pero Dy 5 Ie Sor seven: and half a dollar for every ditional :

Local Herbarium, 3, E. 33d St.—Editor, 224, E. 10th St.
The cre ge gas ed the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College,

Vol. IV., No. 5.] BULLETIN oF THE TorREY Botanica. Cius. [New York, May, 1873.

CHAMALIRIUM, Wild.—C. luteum, Gray ; not uncommon in New
Jersey, and on Staten Island, and probably in Westchester
Co., though we have no report from there or Long Island;
Ebgsbridige, N. Y. Island, W. & Z. Eminently polygamous,

ustin.

UVULARIA, L.—U. perfoliata, L.; common; N. Y.—U. sessilifolia,
L.; common; N. Y.

SMILACINA, Desf.—S. racemosa. Desf.; common; N. Y.—S. stel-
lata, Desf.; south shore of Staten Island, W. H. Z.; Snake
Hill, N. J., Le Roy; near Canarsie, Ruger; Zinc mines, Sussex
Co., N. J., Austin. It is interesting to find this inland plant
clinging to the moist thickets by the sea shore. Torrey’s
Catalogue reports it in wet meadows, but in the State Flora it
is said not to grow below the Highlands. The wet meadows
perhaps were in New Jersey, but it is not now reported from
there, excepting Snake Hill.—S. trifolia, Desf.; Orange Co.,
Austin; Westchester Co.? Le Roy, Pvoley.—sS. bifolia, Ker. ;
most common; N. Y.

POLYGONATUM, Tourn.—P. biflorum, Ell.; common; N. Y.—P.
giganteum, Dietrich; “On the Island of New York,’ Le
Conte in Torr. Cat.; Le Roy; Parsmus, Bergen Co., and near
Troy, Morris Co., N. J. On the Palisades I have found S. bz-
Jlora almost like this. Austin. :

ASPARAGUS, L.—A. officinalis, L.; salt meadows &c., not uncom-
mon.

§ Asplenium ebnoides, R. R. Scott.—A new locality for this very

rare species has been found by Miss Julia 8S. Tutwiler near Havana,

in Central Alabama, We infer from her communication that the ©
number of individuals is greater than where originally found on the
Schuylkill. As every fact connected with this singular and dis-
puted form will interest botanists in general and fernists in particu-
lar, we extract freely from Miss Tutwiler’s letter, which is beside
brimful of botanical ‘spirit : 3
“1 found it in a little magic spot, a Fairy-glen, about five miles
from my home. You must know that we live in Central Alabama,

on the Tertiary, in a hilly poor country of sand and red clay, with =

long red gullies washed everywhere into the hills, but no rocks ex-
cept pudding-stones. One day I happened to hear of beautiful
Mossy crags and cliffs some miles away, and went to seek them. To |
my delight and surprise, I found a little narrow glen, which seemed _
to have been picked up somewhere in the Blue Ridge and carried
bodily through the air to be dropped down in this odd place. The
Sides were precipitous crags of sandstone covered with beautiful
ferns, mosses and vines; a rapid brook rushed through the bottom
of the glen in a thousand little wimples. There seemed a separate
soil and climate to this little freak of nature. I found there five
ferns which I had never seen in any other spot around us; and the —
real mountain saxifrage, which I had not met since I had seen it in
the Catskills. The ferns were: a Polypodium [Phegopteris?] ; As-
plenium ebeneum and Trichomanes; and A, ebenoides; Cheilanthes —

_ -Vestita; and the real Walking-fern [Camptosorus], which is not, I oe

dae.

think, put down in the books for so low a latitude. There may be -
many other plants there not found elsewhere around us. I could
only go occasionaily, at long intervals, and, therefore, no doubt,
missed finding many. I shall never forget the delight with which
I recognized the Walking-fern, I had never seen it before except
in books, and had hoped to obtain a specimen by exchange.”
_ According to the Manual, a single plant of this fern was found
growing with Camptosorus and Asplenium ebeneum on limestone
cliffs on the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia, by R. R. Scott. This
was in 1861. Prof. Eaton informs us that Mr. Frederic Bourquin
obtained four more plants in the same place, Oct. 4, 1867. It is to
be noticed that Camptosorus and Aspenium ebeneum likewise grow
in Miss Tutwiler’s locality. In the same passage of the Manual,
Prof. Eaton mentions the Rev. M. G. Berkeley’s opinion that it is a
hybrid between the two mentioned ferns. Whether this is so, it is
to be hoped that Prof. Eaton will be enabled to decide by means of
a fuller series of specimens from Alabama. Mr. Berkeley found the
spores in the single imperfect specimen communicated to him more
or less abortive, and draws an argument from that circumstance. As
Camptosorus and Asplenium ebeneum are frequently found together,
if they hybridize, it might be expected that more frequent examples
would occur. On the other hand, the peculiarity of the A.abama
locality, like that of Scolopendrium in Western New York, would
‘suggest a relic of an earlier geological age.

$26. Viola Cucculata, Ait—We picked up in the woods on
Bergen Point, a day or two since, a monstrous form of this most
common violet. Of the two specimens gathered, one had four
petals, and the other five, but each had two spurs. The front petal
of the one with five was without a spur, but in both cases it was
the base of the petals next to the anterior one, or where it should
have been, that was spurred, each spur containing the crested
filaments of two stamens. As the two specimens gathered were
some distance apart, we concluded that the monstrosity was not
rare. The shades of evening put an end to our search for more.
We recommend others, however, to keep the subject in mind at this
season when violets abound. It seems worthy of study. We
may say, while on the subject, that the pollen tubesin the Violacex
may easily be found in the neck of the style.

5 27. New or Little-known Ferns from the United States.—No- 2.

5. Nothoizna Cretacea, Liebmann.—‘ Rootstock oblique, short,
ceespitose, covered with rigid lanceolate scales having a lacerate
membranous margin; fronds coriaceous, covered above sparingly,
beneath most densely, with a subsulphureous waxy powder ; sta k
1-2 inches long, ebeneous, shining ; lamina 2-3 inches long, quin-
quangular-cordate, twice—at the base thrice—pinnatifid ; primary.
Segments Opposite, spreading, lowest ones short stalked, unequal’y
deltoid-ovate, upper ones sessile, oblong, obtuse, pinnately parted ;
secondary segments oblong, obtuse, lower ones pinnately parted, —
those on the inferior side enlarged, ovate-lanceolate ; ultimate divi
sions oblong, obtuse, slightly crenulate; veins immersed ; sori of a

19

- few blackish sporangia forming an intramarginal line, immersed in
the waxy mass; margin [of the segments] very narrow, slightly
scarious.”— Mettenius, Cheilanthes, p. 21. This species is united
with N. candida by Hooker, though with much hesitation, and by
Mr. Baker both species are referred to WV. sulphurea, J. Smith, a —
name founded on the old Preris swphurea, Cavanilles. What name —
this fern will eventually bear I cannot now determine. The name
of N. Borrigiana was doubtfully used for it in the first edition of
Mann’s catalogue, referring to Cheilanthes Borrigiana, Reichen-
bach, but I now think the description of WV. eretacea, above trans-
lated from Dr. Mettenius, comes nearer to it. I have seen no
authentic specimens of either VV. cretacea, Liebm., Pteris sulphurea,
Cay. P. lutea, or P. aurantiaca, Cav. Should it prove to be either
of these last, one of Cavanilles’ specific names must be adopted.
It is assuredly distinct from NV. candida, Hook., a name based on
Cheilanthes candida, Martens and Galeotti. . candida is Mr.
Wright’s New Mexican 820 and 2,124, and WN. eretacea his 821.
Neither species has been sent from California, but the Californian
Gymnogramme triangularis, which has a considerable resemblance
to the present fern, is sometimes mistaken for it, and vice versa.

6. Asp(dium unitum, Metteniuvs, in Annales Mus. Lugd—Bata-
vorum, I’, p. 230, var. ctaBrum, Mett. /.c., has just been found near
Enterprise, Florida, by Mr. C. E. Faxon, of Cambridge, Mass.
The fronds grow froma very long and slender, nearly naked, black,
creeping rhizoma, are one or two feet high, and pinnate with many
pairs of narrow linear pinne serrately lobed about half-way to the
midrib. The lowest pair of veinlets unite near the midrib, and
send out a solitary veinlet to the sinus, where also the second pair
of veinlets reach the margin. The fruit-dots are very small, and
are placed close to the margin, forming an almost continuous border.
The texture is somewhat rigid, and the plant is not closely related
to any other species of the genus yet found in the United States,
its nearest ally being A. putens. It is a well-known fern of the
West Indies, and is No. 1,100 of Mr, Wright’s Cuban collection.

*.* Mr. John Robinson, of Salem, Mass., has just issued a new
Check-list of the Ferns of the United States and British America,
both in pamphlet form, printed on alternate pages, for oni ue te
in cutting out labels, and on thin folio post, a single sheet, red ee
marking desiderata, etc. The list, which is the best hitherto pub- |

lished, preserves the numbers used in Mann’s Catalogue, and gives”

o ty-six species and twelve varieties. Our
ne hundred and twenty pe apceegonitare ts

well-known Aspidium acrostichoides, so aval er dex

rations, is hap christened CuristMas Frrn—a ee eee I

certainly hope vill be generally adopted. D. C. oe

§ 28. Botanical Morphology.—In the American a . we

May, Prof. T. D. Biscoe contributes a study of the serra nds — :
of Duckweed (Spirodela), which is full of instruction: for “= ond ae
_ nute dissections and investigations which lie at the aol Pegg ution
of botanical science. Many causes have led botanists 1n_ — a
to give their attention more particularly to the systematic part 0

20

the science ; but this field has been so well worked, and is so full
of workers, that there is little room for any new comer to add
much to our knowledge in this department, while the other
divisions of the science offer unlimited range for delightful and
profitable investigation. Whether taking his healthful walk in the
country after rarer plants, or confined to the weeds of his door-
ard, the student of vegetable biology can always find subjects of
interest. If a few more of our able investigators would disclose
to outsiders their methods of research, so as to set the current of
study in that direction, they would be doing good service. We
heartily thank Prof. Biscoe for his example of honestly thorough
work in a somewhat neglected field.

§ 29. Publications—The Naturalist for May is unusually well
supplied with botanical matter. Prof. Biscoe’s article on Duck-
weed we have elsewhere noticed. Prof. Watson describes some
new plants of Arizona.—WSilliman’s Journal contains, with other
notes of interest, obituary notices of Curtis, Mohl, and others. A
biographical sketch ot Dr. Torrey is promised for the June num-
ber.—Archives of Science, Vol. I., No. 6, continues the list of
flowering plants of Vermont, by Prof. Perkins, and of the Crypto-
gams, by Charles C. Frost.—The Popular Science Monthly for May
has an interesting article on the freezing of plants and animals, from
the German of Fr. Mohr.—In the Transactions of the Wisconsin
Academy, 1870-72, Dr. Lapham discusses the classification of
plants in the light of Geology.

§ 30. Motion of Fovillz ( Pollen contents).—We extract the follow-
ing paragraph from the note of a friend: “I was recently examining
the pollen of the common Calla, so called, (Richardia Aithiopica).
The granules are unusually large, and are admirable for study in
‘several respects. ‘They show, with unusual distinctness, the double
character of the coat. he foville shrink away to the centre,
leaving the margin all around the granule transparent. I had
placed some of the pollen upon the slide with a drop of water.
Soon I found some of the granules burst, and the contents poured
out like meal from a sack. But in a moment it was ‘all alive.’
Each particle of the foville went whirling around and twisting
away, now on its own hook, now bowing to its neighbor, and aggre-
gating with others similar. The whole field was covered with a
cloud of busy particles, moving about with « sort of infusorial
motion, but much slower. This lasted for an hour or two. If the
granules do not burst by the absorption of water, they may be

crushed in the compressorium, or simply with a knife-blade or sim-
ilar instrument.”

Terms— One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven ; and half a dollar Tor every additional
copy per annum.

Local Herbarium, 3, E. 33d St.—Editor, 224, E. 10th St.
_ The Ohi meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, ae

Vol. IV, No. 6.) Butuerin of THE Torrey Boranical CLus. [New York, June, 1873.

At the regular meeting of the Torrey Botanical Club held April
29th, 1873, the following resolutions were presented by the com-
mittee appointed for that purpose, and unanimously adopted:

Wuereas: It has pleased Divine Providence to remove from us
by death our honored head, Dr. Joun TorREY,

Resolved: That while deeply grieving the common loss of all
the promoters of his favorite science, we mourn him who in a
peculiar manner was our founder, father and friend.

_ Resolved: That we cherish and prize his memory, inseparably
interwoven not only with American Botany—in which he was co-
laborer with the earlier pioneers, teacher and helper of nearly all
the later investigators, and a leader in the original researches,
public and private, of his State and country—but with the growth
and coming to maturity of Botanical Science itself. We remember
him with affectionate veneration as the occupant of chairs of high
esteem and usefulness in several of our institutions of learning; as
the incumbent from its establishment of an office of great personal
trust under the General Government, in another exacting depart-
-MIhent of science; as a diligent, honest and humble student of
nature; and, above all, as adorned with rare Christian excellence

and grace, growing in knowledge and virtue fuller and riper tothe

last; and departing in a good old age, full of years and content.

_ Resolved: That we recognize it as our duty and privilege to

Imitate his excellent and alluring example, to use our utmost effort

to promote a living interest in, and provide for the continuance and

progress of local and general botanical investigation. cone
Resolved: That these resolutions be entered upon the minutes of

the Club, and that a copy thereof be presented to the family of the

‘decessed. Gro. THURBER,
Ww. H. Leeeetr, + Committee.
Isaac H. Hatt,

_ § 31—-Fertilization of Asarum Canadense,—In the Hortus Cliffor-
Hanus, one of the earliest works of Linneus, published in 1737,
eccurs the following passage in reference to Asarum Europenum:
~ Stamina ante pubescentiam reflexa a pistillo procumbunt, at
imstante copula eriguntur prius mares alterni sex, uxori communi
4pproximantur, genitalem farinam efflant; absoluta eorum venere —
et alterni reliqui sex mariti arcte feminam erecti comprimunt et
suum pulverem effundunt.”
Ihave found no reference to this curious statement in any later —
Works, and have sought for any record of similar behaviour in our
own Asarum Canrdense.
_ @stablished in my garden, has enabled me to waich the progress of
_ the anthesis of ics flowers. As soon as the calyx lobes open, the —
twelve stamens are seen in beautiful symmetry, bent backwards and
_ downwards from the stigma. In this position they all remain for
4 period varying from 12 to 36 hours, when one or more of the
_ alternate anthers bursts its turgid cells, while its curved filament
begins to straighten, and slowly the stamen arises until the fluke-

A small patch of the latter plant,

22

shaped anther reaches its place in the sinws between the lobes of the
compound stigma. This movement is soon followed by that of the
remaining alternate stamens until all the six recesses of the stigma
are occupied. The rise of the stamens is not rapid or simultaneous,
nor does any particular order seem to prevail as regards the indi-
vidual stamens of this set. The interval between the erection of
the first and last of the six seems to vary from 8 to 30 hours. In
nearly every instance, the anther cells burst as soon as, or before
the upward movement begins.

The last stamen of the first set of six now having arisen, an
interval elapses varying from ten to nineteen hours, when the re-
maining alternate stamens begin in like manner to open and slowly
arise in succession, and the anthers of these come to rest in con-
tact with the projecting lobes of the stigma. ‘The stamens of
this series are slightly shorter than the others, and have some-
times been called the external ones. The interval of time between
the first and last of this series is usually not more than twelve
hours. The stamens, having now all reached their new position,
present a view not less symmetrical than their first appearance,
the projecting horns, or filaments, produced above the anthers
being all bent forwards towards the centre of the stigma.

Under the ideas which formerly prevailed upon the subject of
self-fertilization of flowers, the statement of Linnzus, though
needing qualification, is so illustrative that Darwin ought certainly
to have given it poetic diction in the “ Loves of the Plants.” But
when we look for special adaptation of parts for the office assigned
by Linnzus, we find the anthers of both series of stamens 70¢
introrse, but extrorse—that is, opening outwards and downwards,
directly from the stigma. Moreover, in almost all cases, the
bursting of the cell and the protrusion of the pollen is fully com-
pleted before the stamen reaches its erect position. By the time,
however, that the anthers of the first series have reached their
places between the lobes of the stigma, they have become so
swollen and so covered with pollen that a few grains almost in-
evitably come into contact with the stigmatic surfaces. But
while slowly ascending to this position, and after reaching it, they
certainly are so placed that the visit of an insect could hardly fail
to carry away much more of the pollen than can reach the stigma
by anther contact. Yet, the flower of this plant is so near the
ground, and so often hidden, in fact, by dead leaves, that flying
insects could hardly reach it; nor have I detected any visits from
these, or from insects of other habits. But I trust that what I
have here recorded will lead to further observation and research
on this and kindred points, Joun H. RepFie.p.

Puitaperpnia, May 22, 1873.

5 $2. Party-colored Iris.—I saw, yesterday, a curious specimen
of the ordinary Iris of cultivation (Jris Germanica). The colors —
—blue and white—were exactly divided upon it. The owner said
that his white flowers grew on one side of his garden and the blue
ones on the other, and they had never crossed before. Is not this

23

the result of insect agency ? You will notice that each petal or
sepal that is colored is divided into two tints by the mid-rib.

Provipence, June 5th. W. W. Barrey.

§ 33. Apocynum—No. 5.—I hope some of those who meet with
A. androsemifolium this summer will make a microscopical
examination of the buds to determine, if possible, the origin of the
glands. Schleiden, in his Botanik, 1849, has already pointed out
the true stigmatic portion of the style, of which he gives a drawing,
and also of the glands, p. 494. He does not, however, seem to re-
cognize the dual nature of the latter. In his view the stamen is
attached to the style by a secretion of viscine from a tuft of hairs
at the top of the filament, and, if I rightly apprehend him, the
diaphragm is but the extension of the epidermis of the upper part
of the style, upon which epidermis the gland lies, so that he recog-
nizes the gland as distinct from the styles, and, indeed, supposes
that, in Asclepiadacese, the glands originally pertained to the
anthers, ibid. It will thus be seen that his observations in part
anticipate my own. I did not meet with his notice of this plant till
after [ had published my notes on the same subject.

Schleiden also recognizes that the flower cannot fertilize itself,
though he seems not to have known the modus operandi Dr.

_ Darwin, in the Botanic Garden, a work which might almost be called
@ necessary introduction to the writings of his distinguished grand-
son, gives an outside report of the manner in which the anthers
entrap flies, Vol. ZZ., p. 241, as does also Rafinesque in his Medical —
Botany. I understand that Mr. C. F. Wheeler of Hubbardston, |
Mich., was fortunate enough last summer frequently to find insects,
Including some Lepidoptera, entrapped by this plant. w. H. L. -

$ 34. New Localities.—Last spring we found the Trailing Arbutus
(Epigzearepens) in the wood bordering the southern shore of the
mouth of the Croton River, being the first specimens found in this
region, DR. CU. J. FISHER.

Sine Srive. ge A :

Some years ago Prof. Thurber found Fedia olitoria, Vahl, at St.
Ronan’s Well, near Flushing.—Mr. Miller discovered last year

at Wading River, in a barley field, a patch of Mutricaria inodora, —
L.—I have found this season Ranunculus multifidus, Pursh with |
Amianthium, west of Hackensack, and Cynthia Virginica, Don,
near Huguenot Station on the Staten Island R. R. w. a. L.

LILIUM, L.—L. Philadelphicum, L.; N. Y.; Closter, common; —
s Austin; Westchester Co,; Bergen Point; Chatham, N. d5.
—L. Canadense, L.; Hoboken, Zorr. Cut. ; Closter, common, =~
Austin ; Chatham, N. J.; Glen Cove, Coles; Westchester Co
—L. superbum, L.; Glen Cove, Coles; Astoria; Staten Island;
Carlstadt ; New Durham, and Orange Co, &c , vot near Closter,
Alustin. : iim ie
ERYTHRONIUM, L.—E. Americanm Smith; common; ae EE
_ ORNITHOGALUM, Tourn.—0. umbellatum, 1. ; Striker’s Bay, Ruger;
Inwood, Ze Roy; Closter and Tappan, Austin ; Yonkers, Poo-—

.

ley ; abundant on Long Island, in the neighborhood of New-
_ town, Flatbush, &c., and on Staten Island. — co

24

ALLIUM, L.—A. tricoccum, Ait.; Closter, common, Awstin ; and

Woodside Bowery Bay &c., Ruger.—A. vineale, L. ; common;
N.. Y.—A. Canadense, Kalm; “ In fields and meadows.” Torr.

Cat.; meadows, woods! and rocks!!; along the Hackensack —

in woods, near Tappan in meadows, and along the edge of the
Palisades, Awstin; Passaic Falls, W. H. LZ. ; Van Vorst
Heights, Ruger ; Bergen Point.

MUSCARI, Tourn.—M. botryoides, Mill. ; old places, N. Y. Island,
Wd, DL. 3 Le Roy:

HEMEROCALLIS, L.—H. fulva, L.; not uncommon escape; Man-
hattanville, Maspeth, Ruger ; Staten Island, Tappan, N. J.,
Westchester Co., &c. ; Closter, Austin.

““AMIANTHIUM, Gray.—A. muscetoxicum, Gray; This plant, not

hitherto reported from our vicinity, has been found by Mr. —

G. C. Woolson, and also Mr. Leggett, in abundance near
Rochelle Station, on the Midland R.R., a short distance beyond
Hackensack. In Gray’s Manual it comes next after Veratrum.

JUNCACE.

LUZULA, DC—L. pilosa, Willd.; Pascack, N.J., Austin. —L.

campestris DC.; common ; New York.
JUNCUS, L.—J. effusus, L; common; N. Y.—J. Roemerianus,
_ Scheele; Coney Island.—J. trifidus, L.; Sands Point, Ulster
N. Y., Austin, [extra-limital].—J marginatus, Rostkovius ;
common; N. Y.: Var. paucicapitatus, Staten Island: Var.
biflorus, Rossville, Staten Island.—J. bufonius, L.; common: N.
Y--J. Gerardi, Loisel; common on Long and Staten Islands, S¢ate
Flora; and probably on N. Y.; Hoboken; Piermont, Austin.
J. tenguis, Willd; common; N. Y.—J. cichotomus, EIl.;,
possibly within our limits, but not reported nearer than
Shamong Station, D. & R. R. R. —J. Greenii, Oakes and Tuc-
kermann; Long Island probably, State Flora ; Staten Island,
W. #H. L. [Unless my label has got displaced, I gathered this
species many years since in the neighborhood of Racket Lake,
W. H. L.\—S. pelocarpus, E. Meyer; Long Island (J._ Conra-
di, Tuck). State Flora ; Red Bank, N. J., W. H. L.: Var.
subtilis, L., Lake Hopatcong, N. J., Porter ; vid. Bulletin,
Vol. XII. § 67.—J. articulatus,L.; Staten Island, W. Z/ LZ,
and, no doubt, elsewhere.—J. militaris, Bigel.; Suffolk Co.,
Allen.—3. acuminatus, Michx., Bergen Point; Astoria; Ja-
maica; probavly quite common; Borders of salt marshes,
Torr. Cat. Var. legitimus, common,—J. nodosus, L.; “1
swamps.” Torr. Cat.—J. scirpoides, Lam.; Awstin, Le Roy,
_ Torr, Cat.: Var. macrostemon: Zorr. Cat.; Staten Tsland,
Austin ; Tottenville, W. H, L.—J. canadensis,J. Gay; com-
mon: Var. longicaudatus; common: Var. subcaudatus; Red
Bank, N. J., W, H. L. .

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven ; and half a dollar for every additional ——

copy per annum. :
Local Herbarium, 3, E. 33d St.—Editor, 224, E. 10th St.

a The Club reg § + nec the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, a
os 4 P.M.

Co,

Vol. IV, No. 7.) Buttetin or THE Torrey BoranicacCuue. [New York, July, 1873.

PONTEDERIACE.

-PONTEDERI", ..—P. cordata, L.; common; N. Y.: Var. angusti*

: folia; Peach Pond, North Salem, Westchester Co., Mead.

HETERANTHERA, Ruiz and Pav.—H. reniformis, Ruiz and Pav. ;
S. New York, Gray’s Manual ; common along the Hackensack,
Austin ; and Passaic, W. H. Z.; Chatham, N. J.. W. H. L.

SCHOLLERA, Schreber.—S. graminea, Willd.; Whippany Creek,
near Morristown, Zorr. Cat.; common along the Hackensack.
Austin; Croton River, Mead.

COMMELYNACE.

COMMELYNA, Dill.—C. Virginica, L; Inwood, W. W Denslow ;
Var. angustifolia; swamps two miles from Flushing, Mr. P.
Dudgeon, State Flora.

XYRIDACEZ.

XYRIS, ..—xX. flexuosa, Muhl., Chapm.; Locust Avenue, Centre-
ville, L. L., Ruger ; Glen Cove, Coles ; Ridgefield, Ct., Mead ;
Closter, common, Austin; Tottenville, Staten Island, W. L.
A curious little Xyris, probably the variety pusilla, was found
this summer on the borders of a pond in the southern part of
Hamilton Co.—xX. Caroliniana, Walt.; Suffolk Co., Miller ;
near Jamaica Pond, Ruger ; border of pond in Haverstraw
Mts., near Sandfield, Austin.

ERIOCAULON ACE.

ERIOCAULON, L.—E. decangulare, L.; very common about Fer-
rago, N. J., in streams and ponds, Austin.—E. gnaphalodes,
Mchx. ; common in same locality as the preceding species,
Austin. Mr. Merriam finds these two species at Manchester,
and they may attain our limits.—E. septangulare, Withering ;
common.

Organization of the Club.—The final organization of the Club—
delayed first by the fraud in the original charter, and subsequently
by the illness and death of our loved and revered chief—was finally
*catetne on the 29th of April last, by the election of the following
omicers : :

mebdent 6 Pe ge Grorcre THURBER.
Vice-President :..... 00.4: ‘T. F. ALLEN.
Reeder? db 54 ie He J. J: Crooxe.
Corresponding Secretary :..J AMES Hoce.
Recording Secretary :....- P. V. LeRoy.
LOPE So eo ae Ww. H. Leaeert.
CRWCIOR. 2 ios cow cn vey Mabe P, V. LeRoy.

Wiuutam Bower, I. H. Hart, James
S. Merriam, James Hoce, G. M.

WILBER. .
James 8. Merriam, F. J. Bumsren,

, ApraHam. HALSEY.
Herbarium Committec:....?. V. LeRoy, M. Ruezr, D.-~0,
EATon.

26

The Club holds its meetings at the Herbarium in Columbia
College in the evening of the last Tuesday of every month, July
and August excepted, and all botanists, either residing in or visit-
ing the city, are invited to attend; or, if they cannot be present at
that time, to call on the President of the Club at 245, Broadway,
or on the Secretary at the Herbarium.

One leading purpose in securing a charter and organizing under
it was to enable the Club legally to hold such funds as might
from time to time be contributed to further its efficiency.

There is present occasion for such assistance in establishing a fund
of about three thousand dollars for the permanent endowment of
the Bulletin. This is the only periodical.in the country devoted
to this attractive and important department of science. It has now
been published for more than three years, not, we trust, un-
approved by the botanical community. If secured an exist-
ence, in the hands of the able men who will more and more resort
to the vast and precious herbarium of Columbia College, it is hope
that it may become of lasting service to the science. With this
expectation, we claim for it a share in the liberality of our country-
men,

On assuming the chair, Presipent TourBer made the following

INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
GENTLEMEN OF THE Torrey Botanica Crus,
_ In entering upon the duties of presiding officer, the first_assum-
ing that office since the Club was incorporated, it would seem
appropriate for me to give a sketch of the past history of our ass0-
ciation. WhenI look for materials I find but few. We have no
record of the date of the beginning of the Club* and its growth has
been so gradual and its career so uneventful that there is but a brief
story to tell. ;

The few botanists of the city, knowing that they would always
be welcome, were accustomed to visit these rooms from time to time,
and it sometimes occurred that without any pre-arrangement sev-
eral happened in on the same evening. At length it was propo
to have a regular evening for reunion in order not only that we
might meet the one around whom we all gathered, but that we might
have the pleasure of seeing one another at stated times. If I am
not in error this suggestion came from Dr. T. F. Allen, whose prop-
osition was readily seconded by others. Our beginning was suc
a gradual accretion that those of us who were among the original
members can hardly tell how it came to be called even a “ Club.
We came and went, sometimes two and sometimes a dozen, but
there was always an informal social gathering.

Early in the informal existence of the Club it was proposed to
make a catalogue of the plants of New York and its vicinity. 47
1817 Dr. John Torrey presented to the New York Lyceum of
Natural History “ A Catalogue of the Plants growing spontaneously ce

' a gle

* Not lwer than 1865.—Eps.

27

within Thirty Miles of the City of New York,” and it was thought
that a catalogue embracing the same territory would be useful to
botanists, and show interesting changes in our local Flora, in the
obliteration of some species and the introduction of others.

The members of the Club, if that which was hardly a body can
be said to have members, entered into the work with zeal, and
having a common object to labor for, the association assumed a
stability that it did not before possess, and increased in numbers.
Those at work upon the new catalogue found that nearly a half cen-
tury had passed since the completion of the first catalogue, and it was
proposed that the semi-centennial anniversary of the presentation of
the catalogue by Dr. Torrey to the Lyceum should be marked by a
festival. Invitations were extended to the leading botanists of the
country, many of whom promised to be present, and those who
could not accept sent letters full of kindness to him who was the
recipient of the intended honor. On the evening of December 20th,
1867, which was marked by one of the most furious of snow-storms,
there assembled at the Astor House the members of the Club and
a goodly number of invited guests.

The Club had then no officers, and by some process which has ever
since remained a mystery, the one who now speaks to you pre-
sided at the table and made an address, This address gave an
account of the Catalogue of 1817 and an enumeration of the sub-
sequent botanical works of its author. The recipient of the honor
made a reply full of modesty and feeling, speeches were made by
most of those present, and letters were read from those who were
unable to attend. ©

I have thus alluded to this occasion, because it was the first pub-
lic demonstration on the part of the Club, and one which, as the
proceedings of the evening were published in the American Natu-
alist, first made its existence generally known.

As materials for the new catalogue accumulated and new helpers
came into the field, it became necessary to have a medium through
which the co-workers could communicate, and it was proposed to
established a monthly Bulletin. The first number of the Bulletin
appeared in January 1871, and it has since been continued with
commendable regularity. Primarily devoted to matters relating
to the catalogue, it has also given many botanical items of general
Interest. The Bulletin is an unpretending sheet of only four pages,
but when we compare its contents with journals devoted to scien-
tific specialties, at home or abroad, we have reason for a just pride
in the value of its contents, as well as in their variety and con-
Ciseness, ‘

About the time the Bulletin was proposed, it was thought best
the Club should adopt a distinctive name. That of “Torrey Botan-
ical Club” seemed the most fitting. In those days we seldom put
matters to vote; we “took the sense of the meeting. Soon after
this we made a step towards organization, so far as to appoint Dr.
John Torrey President, P. V. LeRoy Secretary, and William H.
Leggett Editor. But, as we had been in the habit of conversing

28

in small knots, without any concert of action, it was rather difficult
to abandon the custom, and even after we had adopted this partial
organization our meetings were not models of parliamentary
formality.

As the Club acquired new members and grew in importance, it
was decided that we should become a regularly organized body
under a charter, that we might enjoy the privilege of ‘“ sueing and
being sued.”

A charter was passed on April 21st, 1871, but was not adopted.
It is an interesting illustration of the manner in which the lowest
form of politics pervaded legislative action, that among the incor-
porators of the Club there were introduced the names of two low
“ Ring” politicians. The charter allowed the Club to hold property
to the amount of $50,000 and there was just a shadow of a chance
that at some time something could be made, and the names of two
of “thering” were interpolated among those of gentlemen and
botanists. Upon inquiring, it was found that it was the custom in
granting charters to put in the name of some members of the ring
that they might be on hand in case any thing should “ turn up.” |

Of course the members of the Club could not be associated, even
technically, with disreputable persons forced upon, them in this
unfair manner, and they did not adopt the charter until the names
of these objectionable individuals were removed, by an amendment

ssed April 29th, 1872. The Charter was adopted by the Club

anuary 7th, 1873, and a constitution on the 28th of the same month.

Nothing remained for the full organization of the Club but to
pass the necessary by-laws and elect the prescribed officers. Before
the first election could be held, he whom we should have delighted
to honor by chosing him as our president was taken from us. Our
head, our beloved friend, Dr. John Torrey, passed from this life on
the 10th of March last. f

This simple statement suggests to each one of us a loss that I
cannot adequately express. Yet I feel that at this time I should
place upon the records of the association certain data which, though
so familiar to us as to need no telling, should be preserved for
those who will succeed us. For, Gentlemen, the Club took root 50

gradually and its early growth was so healthy, that I feel it will have
greater permanence than most associations of its kind ; and it would
seem that the records of the Club is of all places the most fitting
for an account of the botanical labors of him whose name we have
chosen.

John Torrey was born in this city on Aug. 15th,1796. His father,
originally from New England, was a Captain in the Continental
army and was among those who entered the city upon its evacva
tion by the British forces,

Of the boyhood of Dr. Torrey we know but little; he attended the
public schools and was for a year at a school in Boston. Several
times during the latter years of his life I requested him to write out
bis reminiscences of his early days and his recollections of the early —

botanists, The idea seemed to please him, but so averse washeto

29

anything that might appear like egotism, that he never carried out
the suggestion. He was rarely given to talking about himself, and
all that those most intimate with him know about his youth and the
struggles that must have attended the beginning of his scientific
career is from chance hints he dropped now and then. Ls

When a mere boy, while upon a visit in the country (the upper
part of the island was then ‘‘the country,”) he saw two young men
pass along the road, all travel-stained and laden with strange parcels.
The unusual appearance of these young men prompted him to
inquire about them, and he was told that they were “the Le Conte
boy ” and another whose name I have forgotten, and that they were
“botanists.” The young Torrey for the first time saw a botanist,
and he looked upon him as a curiosity, little thinking that he him-

-8elf would in time be a chief among botanists. The “ Le Conte boy ”
afterwards became the celebrated Major Le Conte, who contributed
largely to botany and other sciences.

While still a youth it was Dr. Torrey’s fortune to be brought
into relations with Amos Eaton, who was the great instructor in

opular science of his day, and it was through his teachings
a that the young Torrey first learned the rudiments of
tany.

Up os the time he became a medical student we know but little
of his career. He had a marked natural talent for practical mechan-
ics, and at one time seriously entertained the idea of becoming a
machinist. This love for mechanical affairs remained with him
through life, and his talent in this direction was often displayed in
various useful ways. He ultimately chose the medical profession
and entered the office of Dr. Wright Post, the eminent physician
and surgeon of his day. At that time the practice of medicine was
very different from what it is now. Then the physician not only
dispensed his own medicines, but they were for the greater part
prepared in his office by the students. In the preparation of chem-
ileal and pharmaceutical compounds Torrey, the student, found occu-
pation in accordance with his tastes, and he often alluded to his ex-
perience here as of great service to him in after life. :

Either during his apprenticeship, as it was then called—in our day
medical students onl y read with their preceptors—or after he
entered the college of Physicians and Surgeons, he was an inter-
ested attendant upon the botanical lectures of the eminent Dr.
Hosack, at the Elein Botanical Garden, which were given not far
from the spot where we are now assembled. At that time young
Torrey was an industrious collector and he often carried to Dr.
Hosack the fruits of his herborizations. On one occasion Dr. Hosack

_ Was so much pleased with some rare species that he remarked before
the class, “ That young man has an old head.” Medical students
then were the same as now; the generic type holds in all times and
-in all countries, They were not slow to take up the igdips i pe
professor, and Dr. Torrey during his student’s career was the ~ ol
head ” of his class. :
Asa ec weg Dr. Torrey must have devoted much time

*

30

to botany, as the catalogue already referred to was presented to
the Lyceum in 1817,which was a year before he took his degree.
Those who are engaged upon the present catalogue, with all the
aid and materials that the advanced state of the science brings to
their help, can best appreciate the immense labor that must have
been required to bring the first catalogue to its remarkable com-
pleteness. Copies of the catalogue of 1817 are now very rare and
difficult to procure. As we turn over its pages and read of its au-
thor’s favorite localities, we find that they are now far “down
town” and covered by blocks of brick and brown stone. When
this catalogue was made up, Canal Street was out of town and was
his station for Draba Caroliniana. Not only the localities but the
co-workers named in the catalogue have long ago passd away.
Mitchell, Nuttall, Eddy, Le Conte, Cooper, and others who contri-
buted materials for the work, all departed before its author.
William Cooper was the last of these. He was the frequent
companion of Dr. Torrey’s early botanical excursions, and until
the last these two old men held for one another a boy-like friend-
ship as charming as it is rare.

While yet a student of medicine, Dr. Torrey was one of the
founders of the New York Lyceum of Natural History. . The in-
corporators met to adopt their charter—if I remember correctly
—in one of the rooms of the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in Barclay Street. The origin of the Lyceum was marked by a
more festive demonstration than attended that of our Club, for
upon the adoption of the charter they adjourned to a well known
public house and celebrated the event in mugs of ale, paid for by
a general contribution of pennies. :

During the early career of the Lyceum, Dr. Torrey was one of its
most active members and contributed to its Annals many of its
most important papers. For man y years he wasits President. The
Lyceum, like other associations of its kind, was not exempt from
the misfortune of party. At one annual meeting, when Dr. Torrey
desired to decline a reélection, he was induced to accept a nomina-
tion ; an opposing faction elected its candidate over him. $0 hurt
was he at what he regarded as an unfair trick that he never again
went to the meetings of the Lyceum. In this mention of the
Lyceum it may be well to state that by acting as its curator 4
young botanist from Western New York was enabled to pursue his
botanical studies in New York. This young botanist is now known
as Prof. Asa Gray. :

After obtaining his medical degree, Dr. Torrey took an office
the city, but the attractions of botany, mineralogy, entomology
and chemistry prevented him from applying himself seriously to
practice. We infer from what he has said that his office was more
frequently sought by young scientists than by patients. His love
for scientific pursuits, joined to a dislike to witness human suffer- :
ing, led him to abandon medicine at the first opportunity.

Soon after he was graduated, the expedition of Maj. Long w:
proposed, and Dr. Torrey was offered the position of botanist.

31

He. was. greatly tempted to accept this opportunity for botanical
distinction, but he had formed ties which were strong enough to
keep him at home. Dr. Baldwin was appointed in his place and
upon the death of Baldwin, who was an almost hopeless invalid
from the start, the duties of botanist were performed by the sur-
geon of the expedition, Dr. James.

In 1820, Dr. Torrey published in Silliman’s Journal “A Notice of
Plants collected by Capt. N. Douglas around the Great Lakes at
the Head Waters of the Mississippi.

In 1823, he contributed to the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural
History “‘ Descriptions of some new or rare plants from the Rocky
Mountains, collected by Dr. Edwin P. James.”

The year 1824 was an eventful one to our friend. In it he pub-
lished “A Flora of the Northern and Middle States, or Systematic
Arrangement and Description of all the Plants heretofore discovered
North of Virginia.” In this year he was married to Miss Eliza Rob-
inson Shaw, and was settled at West Point as Professor of Chem-
istry in the U. S. Military Academy. This Flora, the concluding
pages of which were written on the morning of its author’s wedding
day, is now rare, a large portion of the edition having been destroyed
by fire. It contains over 500 species and includes the first twelve
classes of the Linnean system. In this work the author first
manifested his acuteness in diagnosis, and it is remarkable for its
elaborate and minute descriptions.

In this same year, 1824, we find “ Descriptions of New Grasses
from the Rocky Mountains” in the Annals of the Lyceum, and a
“Monograph of the North American species of Carex,” of which
he was joint author with Schweinitz. Schweinitz had placed the
paper in Dr. Torrey’s hands, to edit and supervise the printing of
it, during the author’s absence in Europe. When Schweinitz found
how much the value of his monograph had been increased by
additions and revision, he insisted that ‘forrey’s name should appear
as joint author, and that it should be quoted as Schweinitz &

orrey.

Portaccing that the Linnean system was to be supplanted by
one founded upon a more profound knowledge of the structure of
plants and broader views of their relationships, the Flora was
not continued beyond its first volume, but its author, in 1826, pub-
lished a Compendium which contained condensed descriptions of
the plants enumerated in the first volume of the Flora and of
those that would have been given in the second volume.
As one of the few members of the Club whose botanical experi-
ence extends far enough back to have used this Compendium as a
text book, I can bear testimony to its great superiority to all other
botanical works of its time. The name “ Compendium” was fitly
chosen, as in copiousness, conciseness and compactness, it came as a
8reat relief after the vagueness of other works.

__ In 1826, Dr. Torrey read before the Lyceum “ Some Account of
8 Collection of Plants made during a Journey to and from the
ky Mountains,in the Summer of 1820, by Edwin P, James,

32

M.D., Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army.” This memoir was not
published until 1828. Before its publication its author, after
three years’ service, left West Point to assume the chair of
Chemistry and Botany in the N. Y. College of Physicians and
Surgeons. This account of Dr. James’s Rocky Mountain plants 1s
of especial interest as being the first botanical publication of im-
portance in this country in which the plants were arranged accord-
ing to the Natural System. Shortly before, the Abbé Correa had
arranged a list, in which the genera named in Muhlenberg’s cata-
‘logue were placed according to the system of Jussieu. : ‘

In 1831, Lindley’s Introduction to Botany was re-published in
this country. Dr. Torrey prepared a catalogue of the North
American genera, arranged according to Lindley’s orders, which
was published with the work and also separately in the pamphlet
form.

Dr. Torrey was always fond of studying obscure and difficult
orders, hence the Borraginacex, Chenopodiacesw, Amarantacez,
and Cyperaceew had particular attractions for him. As early
as 1836 he published in the Amals of the Lyceum his “ Monograph
of the Cyperacer.” This contained, besides a full account of the
other genera, a complete revision of the genus Carex. No publica-
tion by our friend shows better work than this, and it was a most
valuable contribution to North American botany, as it contained an
elaboration of the species collected by Drummond, Richardson,
Burke, and other British collectors, whose specimens were loaned
by Sir William Hooker.

The Geological Survey of the State of New York was organ-
ized in 1836, and Dr. Torrey was appointed as its Botanist. His
report was published, after many delays and discouragements, mm
1843. It forms two enormous 4to volumes, filled with detailed
descriptions of all the plants known to belong to the State, and is
illustrated with 161 plates. When we consider that this work was
produced amid the labors of his professorship at the Medical
_ College, to which had been added those of the Chair of Chemistry
at Princeton, we must wonder at the untiring industry of its
author. Whoever was at that time in charge of the survey was
economical unto meanness, for Dr. Torrey had to buy his own Copy —
of his own work, During the printing of the work an assistant 0
the author carefully preserved the revise proofs and put them away
in regular order. When the Medical College was moved from
Crosby street, this roll of proof sheets was found, and Dr. Torrey
gave them to me. Fortunately every page was in its place, an
now, handsomely bound, it is one of the prized works in my library,
and is unique as being the only copy in existence “ presented by
the author.” we

The first number of the “Flora of North America, by John
Torrey and Asa Gray,” appeared in 1838, the fruit of a most happy
association, which continued for over forty years, and which has
done so much for the advancement of American botany. In re-
lation to this most important work I can appropriately quote the

Vol. IV, No. 8.] BULLETIN OF THE ToRREY BotanicaLCus. [New York, Aug,, 1873.

words of the surviving associate. In an address before the Ameri-
can Academy of Arts and Sciences, of which Dr. Torrey was a
member, Dr. Gray, now its President, said:

“Early in his career Dr. Torrey had resolved to undertake a
- general Flora of North America, or at least of the United States,

arranged upon the natural system, and had asked Mr, Nuttall
to join him, who, however, did not consent. At that time, when
little was known of the regions west of the valley of the Mississip-
pi, the ground to be covered and the materials at hand were of
comparatively moderate compass; and in aid of the northern part
of it, Sir William Hooker’s Flora of British America—founded
upon the rich collections of the Arctic explorers, of the Hudson’s
Bay Company’s intelligent officers, and of such hardy and enter-
prising pioneers as Drummond and Douglas,—was already in prog-
ress. At the actual inception of the enterprise, the botany of
- Eastern Texas was opened by Drummond’s collections, as well as
that of the coast of California by those of Douglas, and afterward
those of Nuttall. As they clearly belonged to our own phyto-
geographical province, Texas and California were accordingly
annexed botanically, before they became so politically. ;

“ While the field of botanical operations was thus enlarging, the
time which could be devoted to it was restricted. In addition to
his chair in the Medical College, Dr. Torrey had felt obliged to
accept a similar one at Princeton College, and to all was now
added, as we have seen, the onerous post of State Botanist. Tt was
in the year 1836 or 1837 that he invited the writer of this notice—
then pursuing botanical studies under his auspices and direction—
to become his associate in the Flora of North America. Jn July
and in October, 1838, the first two parts, making half of the first
volume, were published. The great need of a full study of the
sources and originals of the earlier-published species was now ap-
parent; so, during the following year, his associate occupied him-
self with this work inthe principal herbaria of Europe. The
remaining half of the first volume appeared in June, 1840. | The ,
first part of the second volume followed in 1841; the second in the
Spring of 1842; and in February, 1843, camé the third and last ;
for Dr, Torrey’s associate was also immersed in professorial duties
and in the consequent preparation of the works and collections
which were necessary for their prosecution.

“From that time to the present the scientific exploration of the

vast interior of the continent has been actively carried on, and in
consequence new plants have poured in year by year mm such
numbers as to overtask the powers of the few working botanists of
the country, nearly all of them weighted with professional engage-
ments, The most they could do has been to put collections into
order in special reports, revise here and there a family or a genus
monographically, and incorporate new materials into older parts of
the fabric, or rough-hew them for portions of the edifice yet to
constructed. In all this Dr. Torrey took a prominent part, down

almost to the last days.of his life.” gir ig 6)

bs 34

‘The question why was not Torrey and Gray’s Flora completed,
has often been asked by those not familiar with the rapid progress
of botanical discovery. Such will find an answer in the words I
have quoted. By the time the first volume of the Flora was
finished, new materials belonging to the orders contained in that
volume demanded a large appendix, and a few years later new dis-
coveries were so numerous that it was impossible for the work to
keep pace with them. Its authors pursued the best course; instead
of giving their time to the completion of the Flora and allowing
the new materials to pass—as they inevitably would have done—
into the hands of European botanists, they turned their attention
to studying and recording them. Now these discoveries of Amer-
ican plants are mainly recorded by American botanists in Ameri
can publications, and to secure this result it was well that the
Flora was suspended. In this matter—of securing the new plants
—both Doctors Torrey and Gray worked, sometimes together,
_oftener independently, but always with the fullest cooperation,
The result has been a series of memoirs unequalled in scientific
value by any that have been produced in recent botanical literature.
While my object is to record the botanical work of Dr, Torrey, I
would not forget that others have labored in the same field. Engel-
mann, Durand, Newberry, Cooper, Wood, Brewer, Watson, and
others whose names I do not now recall, have added to the rich
stores of materials for that Flora of North America which we all hope
for, Is this much-desired work within the probabilities of the near
future? In the address just quoted, Dr. Gray feelingly says: “It
remains to be seen whether his surviving associate of nearl forty
years will be able to complete the edifice, To do this will be not —
only to supply the most pressing want of the science, but to raise
the most fitting monument to his memory.” It may not be Im-
proper to add here that Dr. Gray has made arrangements which
will relieve him from much of his labor as professor, and is making
every effort to devote the coming years to this most important work.

Of the memoirs on North American Botany in whole or in part
by Dr. Torrey I gave a list in the address at the festival in cele-
bration of the semi-centennial of his first botanical publication.
As a mere matter of record, I briefly recapitulate what was there
presented. In chronological order we find that Dr. Torrey published
m:

1843, Botany of Nicollet’s Report ;
1845, Botany of Fremont’s Ist and 2d Expeditions ;
1848, Botany of Emory’s Military Reconnaissance ;
1850, A Memoir on Batis. A Memoir on Darlingtonia and Plante
Fremontiane were accepted for the Smithsonian Contrt
butions and published a year or two later.
1852; Botany of Stansbury’s Report of his explorations in the
; region of Great Salt Lake ; ; is “
1853, The Plants of Marcy’s Red River Expedition ; or
1854, Botany of Sitgreaves’ Zuni and Colorado Journey. —
The reports of the collections of the various Pacific Railroad

35

stirveys were published at intervals from 1855 to 1860, and then
not in the order in which they were written. i

Enumerating them as they occur in the volumes, we find in
Vol. II: The Botany of Pope’s, Beckwith’s and Gunnison’s expedi-
tions, three comparatively brief memoirs in which Dr, Gray’s name
is mentioned as joint author.

Vol. IV: “Botany of Whipple’s Expedition,” the most import-
ant of all these Railroad surveys in botanical results.

Vol. V: “ Botany of Lieut. Williamson’s Report.”

Vol. VIII: “ Botany of Lieut. Parke’s Expedition.”

In other volumes of the railroad surveys are botanical reports
by Newbury, Durand and others, to each of which Dr, Torrey
ohh hei important materials, in many cases working up whole

rders, : ~

1861. The Report of Lieut. Ives’ Exploration of the Colorado
was published with a Botanical Appendix, mainly by Dr. Torrey.

. The Report upon the Botany of the Mexican Boundary was pub-

lished in 1859, the most voluminous, as it is the most important, of
all these contributions to the botany of the far West. The survey
Was, on account of various changes, prolonged over a period of five
' years or more; it passed over a vast territory, which, for the most
Part was botanically new. Parry, Wright, Bigelow, Schott and
your President all contributed their collections to make up this
exceedingly valuable report, one which may fitly close the record
of Dr. Torrey’s more important contributions to science.

After the Report of the Botany of the Mexican Boundary was
completed, Dr. Torrey made an arrangement to transfer his in-
valuable herbarium and his library to Columbia College, and they
were placed in the rooms in which we now meet. I say invaluable

erbarium, as no other collection contains so many typical speci-
mens from which the original descriptions were drawn as does this.
It is possible that the Corporation of the College is not aware of the
priceless value of the treasure committed to its charge, else it would

not long remain in its present unsafe position. Whenever I read 2 _

report of a fire in this quarter of the city, I fear for the safety of
this herbarium. If any word of mine would impress the trustees
of the College with the importance of the trust they have ac-
cepted, the herbarium would not long remain, as it 1s now,
in an unsafe building. A library may be in time replaced,

but no money can restore the specimens collected by our early »

explorers. When the herbarium was transferred to its present
quarters it needed re-arrangement. Specimens had accumulated
More rapidly than they could be disposed of, and all those collected
by the recent expeditions had to be incorporated with the general
herbarium. For several years succeeding the publication of the
Report of the Mexican Boundary, Dr. Torrey was employed in
herbarium work. No hand but his could properly perform this

Scientific drudgery, and he went at it with a perseverance that in :

time brought it to completion. ‘aig
' During hes years of herbariam work, necessary though irk-

.

36

sonie, he: was constantly examining plants and making sketches that
might be useful hereafter. It was a peculiarity of Dr. Torrey that
he always recorded his observations by means of the pencil, and if
we look through the herbarium there will be found drawings of
minute structure by hundreds, giving at a glance what he saw in
examining a plant. While he published no drawings as his own,
we can find traces of his handi-work all through the illustrations
to his various memoirs,

The last important botanical contribution of Dr. Torrey was
“The Revision of the Eriogoneae,” the joint work of himself and
Dr. Gray, published in the Proceedings of the American Academy
in 1870.

Many years ago he elaborated that portion of the collections
made upon the Pacific coast by the botanists of Wilkes’ expedition.
This, through the failure of appropriations, was not published upon
its completion. Oneof the last acts of its author’s life was to look
over the manuscript of this report and commit its final revision for
publication to Dr, Gray.

The fondness of Dr. Torrey for sciences other than botany has
been already alluded to. At one time he was an enthusiastic stu:
dent of entomology, or, as he expressed it—he “had the fever.”
This lasted but a short time, but I have been suprised at his knowl-
edge of insects, when nearly half a century had passed since he
studied them.

At one time he gave much attention to mineralogy,a pursuit in
which he was often associated with another botanist—Nuttall.
The earlier volumes of Silliman’s Journal contain important contri-
butions to mineralogy from his pen. Mineralogy is so intimately
related to chemistry that he retained through life a lively interest
in this department of science, ;

Those who have regarded Dr. Torrey as a botanist only, will be
surprised to know that the avocation of his life was that of a chem-
ist, and that the works that have made him an undying name in
science were done in what he regarded as his hours of recreation.

As a chemist he was, as in other matters, acute, patient, cautious,
and, I need not add, inflexibl y honest. He was a teacher of chemis-
try for over thirty years and for most of this time in more than one
college. His professorial labors were performed at a most inter-
esting period in the history of the science, when chemistry made
itselt felt outside of the laboratory and manifested its usefulness

not only in its Telations to medicine and the arts but in the opera-
tions of daily life. Year after year large classes of young men went
out from his lecture-room and laboratory, and among these are to
be found many of the eminent chemists of the present day.

There are some chemists whose reputation is greater among the

people at large than it is among men of science, and they are often —

upon the public platform. Dr. Torrey shrank from this kind of
notoriety, and the knowledge of his acquirements as achemist was —
mainly confined to scientific men, Had he been so disposed, he
could have made chemistry largely renumerative, but it alway’ —

37

seemed to me- that hé valued his chemical knowledge more for its
benefit to others (and they not always worthy) than for any
pecuniary reward it might bring to himself. I have known him to
give advice of the greatest value to the recipients and make analy-
ses, at a cost to himself of both time and money, without charge,
and evidently for the pleasure it gave him to aid another.

When the U. S. Assay office was established in this city in 1854,
Dr. Torrey was offered the post of Superintendent, but this being
unsuited to his tastes he declined it for the scientific position of
Assayer, an office which he held until his death. A short time after
entering upon his duties as Assayer he resigned his chair at the
medical college and was elected Professor Emeritus. This appoint-
ment as Assayer was a deserved recognition by the government of
the scientific acquirements of our friend, and it is to be regretted
that the salary accompanying it was not in proportion to the respon-
sibility of the position. While discharging his duties as Assayer he
was often called in consultation by the Treasury Department in
matters requiring a profound chemical knowledge. He was won-
derfully fertile in ingenious expedients, and much of whatever secur-
ity our national currency possesses against counterfeits is due to his
suggestions. ‘The relations of Dr. Torrey to the Treasury Depart-
ment had one happy result, Although he had done so much in
describing and naming the plants of the far west, he had travelled
but little: he “had never seen a prairie,” as I once heard him say
with a tone of sadness, and had never ascended a mountain higher
than Mt. Marcy. It was a graceful act of the Secretary of the
Treasury to send him in 1865 upon a confidential mission to Califor-
nia. He went by the way of the Isthmus and was able to see and
enjoy the luxuriant vegetation of the tropics, and, when he reached
his destination, was met by an order to make some extended
explorations, for the accomplishment of which a revenue cutter was.
placed at his command. hile in California he was able to see
many of the plants he had described growing in their native'local-
ities, and to make considerable collections for the herbarium.

In 1872 he made another journey to California, this time by
Railroad. Upon his return journey he tarried awhile among the
Rocky Mountains and ascended Torrey’s Peak, which was several
years ago thus named by his former pupil, Dr. Parry. It is pleas-
ant to think of him as passing the last days of his botanizing, In
the evening of his life, among the alpine plants which in his youth
he first made known to the botanical world.

Neither this last journey to California nor one made the pre-
vious winter to Florida served to arrest the disease which those
who saw him only at intervals could perceive was gradually wast-
Ing his body, though it did not dim his intellect nor mmpair his
cheerfulness, At sunset on the tenth of March last he peacefully
went to his rest. i

I would willingly stop here, for to us who knew him no words of
eulogy are needed. Each one knows how the intelligence of his
death brought to him a sense of personal bereavement and told him
how strong a hold our chief had upon his affections.

38

But we are not to consider ourselves alone. We expect that
long after all of us have followed the great botanist, young bot-
anists will join the Torrey Botanical Club. These may ask, as it
is right they should, “‘ What manner of man was this whose name
you bear?”—What answer shall we leave to them? As to his
scientific attainments, his works stand in witness. For the rest we
may say that he was in the highest, broadest, fullest, truest sense
a Christian gentleman. I know no word that seems better to
express his character. What student, however young or unknown
ever came to him for aid or advice and went away unsatisfied ?
What older botanist ever claimed that he had been overreached by
him? Who ever coupled scientific unfairness—for there is such a
thing—with the name of Torrey? Who in coming here to meet
him ever stopped to consider in what mood he should find him?
Was there not always the same welcome to all? The same genial
presence ever prevaded these rooms, and though we know it will
come no more, has left a fragrance of memories that time can
never remove.
_ Not only in his works will the name of Torrey live while our
science is studied, but his name will be perpetuated so long as our
present vegetation endures. The genera dedicated to many eml-
nent botanists are represented by, if not insignificant, at least not
noticeable plants, In this respect our friend was more fortunate.
Many years ago an evergreen of Florida, related to the yew, was
given the name of Torreya. Previously to this at least two other
plants were dedicated to him, but it was found that they were
genera made without sufficiently distinct characters and fortunately
one of our aig eect trees could undisputedly bear this
worthy name. For many years the Florida Torreya (7. taxifolia)
was the only known species, but later discoveries have shown that
the genus is represented in widely separated countries. Besides the
original species in Florida, there is one in Californa, another in Ja-
pan, a third in China, and if recent European announcements are
well founded, still another in the Bogotan Andes. Long after we
shall have passed away and perhaps our association be forgotten,
these evergreen forests in our own land and in far distant countries
will keep alive the name which we now proudly and affectionately
bear as the title of our Club.

Gentlemen, we have been incorporated under the name of one
whom we hoped would be spared many years to receive the select-
est honors we could bestow. His departure left a vacancy that
none of us feels he can adequately fill. You have chosen to the
chair that he would have occupied one who has these many years
sat at his feet an humble follower, a loving pupil. igcermpedl

No matter who may be called away, the ‘airs of the world go 0”
However great a vacancy may be left, some one is chosen to 1 it
No one can feel more acutely than the present incumbent how un

_ worthy he is to fill the place to which you have chosen him. ©
‘can only endeayor by devotion to the good of the Club to leave you
no occasion to regret your choice, | -

39.

In taking the name of Torrey for our Club we assumed a pledge,
implied if not expressed, to bear ourselves worthily, The name of
Torrey should be as a sacred trust. How can we best honor it?
Could he have spoken a last word to us it would not be that we
should remember him by any honors to himself, but he would have
asked the Club to keep alive the love for the science which he loved
so much and for which he did.so much, That we should follow
science, as he did, with no self-seeking, but to set forth God’s truth
alone. That we should, as he did, do all in our power to lift up
and encourage young and struggling disciples. He would say,
‘Listen to the great Teacher who said, ‘Consider the lillies of the
field’ and follow him,” but he was too humble to add what we can
say—as he did,

§ 35. Nymphzea odorata, Ait. Rose-flowered variety.—|We
think that the remarks in Gray’s Manual cover nearly all the
variations mentioned in the following note, except those of WN.
tuberosa, Paine, In the Pines we have found the so-called variety
minor to prevail. The note is nevertheless worthy of record. ]
Under the impression that some old number of the BuLLeTin
contained an account of the rose or purple flowered variety of
Nymphea odorata, 1 found, on search, nothing further than § 66,
in No. 10 of Vol. IL, by “D.S. M.,” mention of “quite small
flowers. . . . , white within, but the outer petals and the
sepals richly tinged with rose-color.” I have never supposed that
the marks stated by D. 8. M. were sufficient to constitute, or to
identify the rose-colored variety of N. odorata. If so, I can testify
from personal knowledge that the variety 1s very common indeed,
and also, that it is somewhat variable; 7. ¢., varying into white
again, and, therefore, hardly a variety. For one instance out of
many, about three or four weeks ago, I obtained from the “ Goose
Pond,” in Jamaica, L, L., about thirty flowers, of “ very choice and
delicate perfume,” and the “ outer’ petals and the sepals richly
tinged with rose-color,’ but the flowers were quite large. The
rose-color was very decided and bright. I have repeatedly seen
the same thing in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island; Connecticut, the ponds in W. New York, and in the New
Jersey Pines ; but usually the rose-color is about the color that a
flower of Trillium grandiflorum takes on before fading—a decided
and rich rose, but not extremely deep. I know of a atch in the
Owasco outlet, on the edge of the city of Auburn, where I have
Been the flowers some years pure white with green on the sepals,
and sometimes with he rose tinge. Once, crossing from Lake
George to Ticonderoga, a boy brought to the stage for sale a
bunch of which two flowers had each two rows of rosy petals,

their other petals, as well as the other flowers, being quite white.

Paine’s Nymphca tuberosa, also, (which is remarkabie for its ob-
_ tuser catia” aad their clear white color, maintained pure, without
any transparency along the petal edges, until it meets the green of
the sepals) I have now and then found with a rosy color on the in-

40

side of the sepals and on the outer petals. And in this case, the
peduncle is less downy than when the flower is pure white. I
might multiply instances.

The real rose-colored variety, if I am correct in my general sup-
position, I remember to have seen in 1865, on the west side of the
railroad track between Atsion and Shamong, in a hot tramp on the
4th of July. All the petals were deeply colored with rose, and they
were of the narrow sort, standing stiffly up in the middle of the
flower, and the color deeper away from the centre of the flower. I
have an impression, also, that I have seen the same variety from
the car windows while passing on the same railroad, but would not
make a certain statement.

Not infrequently I have seen in hot-houses the purple-flowered
nympheea, in large tanks. Its general appearance closely resembles
that of the rose-colored variety, except that its flowers are nearly
blue, while ours is much nearer red. I hope for some better infor-
mation regarding our rose-colored variety. I. H. Haw.

§ 36. Sarracenia purpurea, L.—In the American Journal tor Au-

gust (which, owing to unavoldable delay, anticipates our July num-
ber), Dr. Gray asks “observers to note whether any viscid secre-
tion appears anywhere on the smooth portion, below the orifice of
the pitcher,” of this plant. He would “expect the sugary secre-
tion, if any, to appear only in warm weather.” We refer our read-
ers for more details on this interesting subject to the note on page
149 of the Journal.
_ § 37. Juncus maritimus, Lam.—[In accordance with the follow-
ing note, we find that we were in error in ascribing J. Remerianus
to Coney Island. Our plant has the characters which Dr, Engelmann
here points out as belonging to J. maritimus.]

In your list of Junci of the New York flora, No. 6, p. 24, you
mention J. Remerianus from Coney Island. Several years ago
Professor Chas. H. Peck of Albany sent me the true J. maritimus
Lam. as collected on that same island, in Sept., 1868, a oe
which I had not before seen from any American locality. Have
you compared your specimens from Coney Island well; are they
really J. Remerianus, and do both species grow there? If not,
what then is the limit of J. Remerianus? Besides the minute
characters of the flower and fruit, they can be distinguished at 4
distance by their habit and color. - J maritimus has a green con-
tracted, J. Reemerianus a spreading brown panicle, and blooms, I
believe, much earlier, G. ENGELMANN. |

$38. Monstrou: Larch.—We noticed in Sullivan Co., this sum-
mer, a tree of the Zaria Americana, Mch., from a majority of whose
cones young branches were sprouting, the axis having taken on 4
new growth. 3

T — One dollar ° : litio
‘erms. ay oa eared aon naan stink al, Nar TW rae
Local Herbarium, 3, E. 33d St.—Editor, 224, E. 10th St.
The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia

Vol. IV, No. 9.] BULLETIN oF THE TorREY Boranicat Cxus. [New York, Sept., 1373.

§ 39. Fertilization of Gerardia flava, L—I have been watching
the fertilization of this plant. The flower opens outwards, or a
little downwards, with the stamens and pistil crowded close to its
upper lobes. Both the cells of the anther and the summit of the
stigma face toward the earth, so that self fertilization is effectually
prevented ; besides, the anthers appear to mature a little before
the stigma, which finally projects some way beyond the longer
pair. I saw a honey-bee visiting these flowers in search of pollen,
both thighs being already weighted with large pellets. It entered
the flower back downward, clinging to the filaments for support,
and, turning around as it worked away with its proboscis, dragged
the pollen out of the cells, while at the same time the pellets upon
its body brushed against the stigma. Every flower must be visited,
as all the seed-vessels were maturing.

Aquebogue, August. H. W. Youns.

§ 40. Fern-fungus.—A frond of Pteris aquilina, L., sent us by
Mr. Young, was marked by black spots between the veins. Mr.
Peck, the fungologist, writes that it is Dothidea Preridis, Fr. (Syst. -
Myce. Vol. IL, p. 555. Handbook of British Fungi, p. 807), and
that he has seen sterile specimens only, these, like the others, being —
Without spores. :

$ 41. Suffolk Co.—Riverhead.—-The only plant new to our State —
that I can report this year is Carex striata, Mchx.— Rumee ~
Engelmanni, Ledeb., proves to be well established at the month
of Peconic River, covering a large area of sandy beach with
Calamagrestis arenaria and Andropogon seoparius. | :

I have also to report finding Lobelia Dortmanna, L. in Sweezy’s
pond, one mile 8. W. of Riverhead 3 Tilia Americana, L., var.
pubescens, Gray, in two different localities at Northville ;— —
Solidago odora, Ait., var. inodora, Gray, at Laurel Pond,

-Franklinville, none of the typical form being found with it. The —
pellucid dotted leaves marked it unmistakably, but. the anisate —
odor was as entirely wanting as in S. arguta with waich it grew. —
As betore I find this form in more loamy soil than the common
one, and suppose that it is frequently overlooked. Does not the :
character of the soil alone cause the development of this: scentless 2
form? At Luce’s pond in Northville I find Cieuta bulbifera, Ls

Myriophyllum tenellum, Bigel. ; Lathyrus palustris, Li; and -
abundance of Woodwardia argustifolia, Smith. In shaded pools —
Lemna minor, L., abounds; while in pools of brackish marshes :
with Pluchea camphorata (Does this ever grow in soil not saline?),
at Wading River I find Utricularia intermedia, Hayne. At Long —

Pond this summer U. inflata, Walt., has been abundant; but, a

owing to the unusual height of the pond, the locality of Rhynch-
ospora. nitens is inundated and no plants are to be found. —

I desire to exchange botanical specimens, especially of the Cype- oe

races and Graminez.
_ Aquebogue P. O. ; _ Heyer W. Youre |
- § 42. Suffolk Co—Wading River.—Mr. Miller reports the very toes
esting discovery of Polypremum procumbens, L. ; also ——— fe
Asplenium ebeneum, Ait., with the fronds wider than usual and % oe
segments very sharply serrate, which he proposes to ticket at Dr.
Gray’s suggestion as Var. serratum. Among other discoveries,

42

Mr. Miller finds Plantayo pusilla, Nutt., almost as common asP,,
Virginica, L.; Asclepias purpurascens, L.; Botrychium simplex
Hitchcock, quite abundant; Cunila Mariana, L.; Scirpus poly-
phylius, Vahl. ; S. fluviatilis, Gray; and S. Olneyi, Gray.

§ 43. Larix again.—Mr. Hall noticed, in August, Larches in Cen-
tral Park that had put forth new leaves and now and then a new
cone.

= 44. Aspidium fragrans, Swartz.—We have received from Mr.
Charles H. Peck beautiful specimens of this fern, from Lake
Avalanche in the Adirondacks. Mr. Peck remarks, with a con-
scientiousness which we earnestly hope other collectors will lay to
heart, “It is not plenty there, and I was careful not to exhaust the
locality, so obtained but few.” Mr. Robinson, of Salem, Mass.,
points out a probable error in Vol. IIL, No. 2, of the Butierin,
where Bellows Falls, N. H., is given as a locality. He says: “I
have specimens from Alpine Cascade, near Berlin Falls, N. H., and
also Woodsia glabella, R. Brown, trom the same place. Ifound 4,
Jragrans at Crystal Cascade, near the Glen House, August, 1865.”

$45. Herbarium for Sale.—Dr. K. Keck, Schloss Friedegg,

Schwertberg, Upper Austria, writes us that he is the owner of a
very rich Herbarium, which he has concluded to sell. He states
that it comprehends the Flora of the whole of Europe in rare com-
pleteness, and fourtéen or fifteen thousand of the rarest species of
Asia (particularly from the Russian provinces), of Africa and of
New Holland, all, mounted and arranged after Endlicher. In all
rather more than less than 100,000 specimens, of 19,000 species. He
sends us a long list uf the special collections (in nearly every part
of the world), from which his herbarium is derived; among them
we notice the names of our own Canby and Wright, and he calls
particular attention to the collection 6f Ledebour in the north of
Asia, and of Sieber in the West Indies, New Holland and elsewhere.
Dr. Keck also sends us, as a fair specimen of the richness of his
collection, the names of about two hundred species of Astragalus,
about eighty species of Panicum, and nearly eighty of Polypodium.
He values the whole at $6,000, or $6 per hundred specimens.
_ We cheerfully comply with his request in calling the attention
of the managers of our public institutions to this opportunity ©
securing avery valuable Herbarium. Of course, impartial testi-
mony would have to be ‘obtained from Europe. We will gladly
show his letter and lists to those interested,

$ 46. Strangers—Just north of the Hyde Park Station of the
Hudson River R. R., we found, early in September, Rudbeckia
triloba, I.., but the lower leaves were very slightly lobed, and Galium
Mollugo, 1.., which is heretotore reported only from Washington

Heights, New York Island. Between Poughkeepsie and the High-
lands Lythrum Salicaria, L., abounds. We did not notice it below
the Highlands, though we have been told that it occurs there.

8 47. New Publications.— We have received: 1. John Torrey:

_ Biographical Notice, [from the American Journal of Science and
Arts, Vol. IV., June, 1873], By A. Gray.—2. Notes on the Genus
Yucea. By George Englemann, M.'D., [Transactions of the
“Academy of Science of St. Louis. ]—3. Deseriptions of New Species

43

of Fungi. By Chas. H. Peck [Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of
Natural Sciences. |—4. Catalogue of the Phenogamous and Vaseu-
lar Cryptogamous Plants of Canada and the Northeastern Portion
of the United States, including Virginia and Kentucky on the South,
and Missouri, lowa and Minnesota on the West. By Allen H. Curtiss,
Liberty, Bedford Co., Va. Price: one copy, 20 cents; three copies,
50 cents ; seven copies, one dollar. This catalogue, covering terri-
tory not included in any other, will be found most convenient for
purposes of exchange. It is comprised in eight large pages. As it
Is meant for transmission, dy letter, the species are not numbered,
but, by an ingenious and readily intelligible device, the distribu-
tion and Manuals containing the descriptions are concisely given.
For our own purpose we prefer this form of catalogue as less
troublesome and more significant.—5. In the American Journal,
for August, Dr, Gray hasa notice of Mrs. Hooker’s Translation of
Maout and Decaisne, of which work he says: “ It is the desideratum,
the general work... .. since Lindley’s Vegetable Kingdom ran
out of print.” If we are correctly informed the original can be im-
ported tor much less than the translation.—6. Zhe Popular Sctence
Monthly contains an excellent Memoir of Dr. Torrey with a portrait.

e do not like the latter as well as that which appeared in the
American Agriculturist for April.

§ 48. Monstrous Teucrium.—While examining a specimen of
Teucrium Canadense, gathered a few days ago at Coney Island, I
was much surprised at finding, instead of the usual four ovules of
the Labiate, ¢en ovules, arranged about a somewhat conspicuous
central placenta. The specimen had become somewhat withered, and
the flowers dried up; the calyx, however, was not in any respect
out of the way. On examining another flower, my surprise was
greatly increased at finding a calyx with eight teeth, four acute and
four obtusa, and containing two placente, one of them surrounded

y six ovules, the other by five/ At once it became clear to me that
the previous one, with its ten ovules, must doubtless be an im-
perfect attempt at a doubling like the second one, So far as I could
Judge from the somewhat withered flowers, there was no indication
m them of this anomalous structure of the ovary. They were
Situated at the base of the spike; the rest of the flowers and calyces
presented nothing uncommon, and the rest of the ovaries, so far as
examined, had the usual fourfold division.

_ I should be glad to know if such monstrosities have been noted
in this species by any other correspondents. To me, their occur- _
Yence was very novel. :
New pee August 28th. DS. M.
_ § 49. Botanists of the Pacific Coast——Upon looking over my
maugural address in print I deeply regret to find that in enumera-
ting (see p. 34) those who have added to the store of materials that
tow makes a fairly complete flora of North America possible—I
have omitted to name the botanists of the Pacific Coast. As you
_ May have judged from the manuscript, my remarks were drawn up —
In the most hurried manner, and I would like to place upon record
_ What I should have done in a more caretul enumeration, my high |
_ appreciation of the labors of Bolander, Kellogg, Xantus, Bloomer,

44

Hillebrand, and their co-workers, who have so industriously labored
in their interesting field, and who have done so much to elucidate
obscure points in the flora of the Pacific Coast. G. T

§ 50. Botanical Object Lessons.— Wishing this spring to cultivate
in a class of young boys a taste for the observation of nature, and
having only ten minutes a day to spare, I had them bring such
plants or parts of plants as they could, mostly specimens from the
house areas or public squares, and gave them very little instruction
till their discoveries called for it. I was surprised and delighted
with the quickness of their observation when sharpened by a little
encouragement. In general, nothing escaped them. One little
fellow discovered the double serrature of a leaf, and another came
rushing in at recess with a curiosity in the shape of a lilac leaf
which had a slight tendency to be tri-lobed. I was very much in-
terested in this instance, both because this slight irregularity had -
arrested his attention while at play, and because in some of the
Oleacex the leaves are compound.

${51. Postage on Plants.—From the United States Mail and Post
Office Assistant, New York, February, 1873, we extract the follow-
ing: “The /aw fixes the rate for matter wholly or partly in writing,
except book manuscript and corrected proofs passing between author
and publisher, at three cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof,
and the Postmaster-General has no discretion in the matter.” Ac-
cording to this reading of the law, there must be no labels with the
_ plants, and we have twice had to pay letter postage, because the
words “ Botanical Cuttings,” or some equivalent phrase, had been
written on the outside to explain the nature of the package. Upon
our appealing to the Station-master, he stated that such was the
present ruling in New York.

$52. Arceuthobium in Sullivan Co.—I enclose a few specimens
of Arceuthobium just collected in the town of Forestburgh, Sullivan
County. This is still outside the limits embraced by your Cata-
logue, but it is nearer than the other two known stations, and in-
dicates a southern rather than a northern range. I looked for it in
a recent trip in the Adirondack mountains, but in vain. Its occur-
rence here is in greater abundance than in Rensselaer County, but
in a similar locality, viz., on small spruces (Abies nigra) in a sphag-
nous marsh.

Gilman Station, Sullivan Co., N. Y., Cuas. H. Pxcx.

Sept. 18th, 1873.

$53. Errata.—-P. 24; 3.4 from bottom read Bumstead : p. 28, 1. 22 from
bottom read “choosing”: p. 31, 1. 21 from top, for “species” read “Pp 4
p. 38, J. 19 from bottom, read “ California.” To the list ofDr. Torrey’s PU
lications should be added :

1837, New Genera and Species of Plants.

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven : and half a dollar for every additional
copy per annum.

The Chub meets regularly the last Tuesday of the morth in the Herbarium, Columbia College,

Vol. 1V,No.10.] BUuLLetin oF THE ToRREY BoranicaL Cuus. [New York, Oct., 1873,

54 § Elias Durand.—The death of Elias Durand deserves some
notice at the hands of the Club, not only because he was an active
promoter of our science, but because he was a long-time friend of
Doctor Torrey.

Mr. Durand was born in Mayence, France, June 25, 1794, and
died on the 15th of August of the present year. He was, therefore,
in the 80th year of his age. He served in the medical corps of the
first Napoleon, and was present at many battles. He gathered his
specimen of Menyanthes trifoliaia amid the roar of the bloody field
of Leipsic, showing his strong botanical bent even then. At Hanau
he was made prisoner. On the final overthrow of N apoleon he came
to the United States, landing in New York in July, 1816. Settling
first in Baltimore, where he married, ia 1825 he removed to Phila-
delphia, a city which he made his home during the remainder of

his life. He was by profession a pharmaceutist and chemist and,
coming to this country when the science of pharmacy was in its
infancy, at once took a high position to which his acquirements en-
titled him. He was long one of the active members of the Phila-
delphia College of Pharmacy, and fur many years was the leading
Pharmaceutist of Philadelphia. His store on Chestnut Street was.
the centre of attraction to the eminent physicians and men of
Science of twenty or thirty years ago, where his genial bearing and
Sympathy with scientific pursuits made all such visitors welcome.
Mr. Durand was an active member of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, and was for a long time at the head of its committee on

botany. He retired from business, with a competence, many years
ago, but did not give up his love for botany, as nearly every day
found him at the herbarium of the Academy engaged in some use-
ful work.

The manner in which Mr. Durand’s attention was directed to the
flora of this country is perhaps a bit of history worth recording.
An eminent botanist thus relates it: “I give it as nearly as I can
: recollect, it being now some thirty years since I heard it from his
“own lips. :

e When Mr. Durand left France for this country, American
“plants were but little known and in great demand. Some one,
“whose name I do not remember, but a gentleman of means, and
“if I mistake not, of title, gave the young Durand funds with
“ which to purchase for him a collection of North American Plants.
“At that time Rafinesque was in the height of his erratic career,
“and Durand arranged with him to furnish the required collection.
“ After the bargain was made, Rafinesque, always poor, contrived

Sto get his pay in advance. The time at which the collection was
“to be delivered had expired, and the day upon which the vessel was
“to sail was close at hand, and still the plants were not delivered. .
“ At last, on the very day of the sailing of the vessel, Rafinesque

appeared with his parcels of specimens. Durand had only time

- dor & hasty inspection and found that the bundles consisted of
“a lot of worthless rubbish. He was highly mortified at being
“obliged to send to bis friend, who had already paid a liberal price,

“such a poor return, and he determined to make amends by. form-

46

“ing a collection himself. With this view he began to herborize,
“and in the course of a few years sent to his friend a remittance of
“ plants that was every way satisfactory. Having begun the study
“in this manner, he formed for it a real love which remained with
“him through life. As to Rafinesque, he was always poor and in
“trouble, and in the last years of his life it came in Durand’s way to
“afford him assistance. When Rafinesque died, his accumulations
“fell into Mr. Durand’s hands; he selected such specimens as he
“needed for his own herbarium, and then forwarded the parcels to
“me. This was some twenty-five years ago, and my herbarium was
“small. I well remember with what delight I received the huge
“parcels, nearly a cart-load, of Rafinesque’s collection. As well as
“TI can now recollect there remain in my herbarium but just two
“specimens. A more worthless lot of dried sticks and leaves—it
“would be wrong to call them specimens—it would be difficult to
“imagine. If the stuff that came to me in any manner represented
“that collected for Mr. Durand’s friend, I can well understand how
“he must have felt it necessary to make some reparation.”

Rafinesque was, neverthless. an eager observer, however slovenly
a maker of what Schleiden spitefully calls herbarium hay.

Mr. Durand collected very thoroughly in the neighborhood of
Philadelphia, and was the ‘constant friend of all botanists who
visited that city. Although he never said so directly, no doubt
he did much to assist Nuttall. Nuttall was, by the way, a1
eccentric botanist. Although they met so frequently at the
Academy and elsewhere, and were, so to speak botanically inti-
mate, yet Durand never knew how or where Nuttall lived.

When Mr. Durand retired from business it was his desire to
devote himself to botany, but at that time his eye-sight failed him
to such a degree as to prevent him from close application to a
study that requires correct observation.

His principal contributions to botanical literature were: Plante
Heermanniane in conjunction with Dr. Hilyard, this is an account
of a collection made in South California; Plante Pratteniane
Californice, an account of a collection made by Henry Pratten,
Esq. These were published in the Journal of Botanical Science in
1854 and 1855. The first of them was republished with additions
in the 5th vol. of the Pacific R. R. surveys. In 1859 he published in
the Journal of the Academy a Sketch of’ the Botany of the Basin
of the Great Salt Lake of Utah. This was founded upon a collection
made by a lady, Mrs. Carrington, a resident of Salt Lake City, and
the plants deseribed in other memoirs were here enumerated so as to
present a view of the botany of that region up to the time of the
publication. Mr. Durand was also the author of a treaiise Sur les
Vignes et les Vins des Etats Unis (published in France,] and of an
enumeration of the plants collected in the Polar regions by Kane
and Hayes.

Although so long a resident of this country, Mr. Durand rémained
a thorough Frenchman. It was the pride of his lite to have served
under 7 Hmpereur, and when Napoleon’s nephew had medals dis- _
tributed to those who had served under his uncle there was nO —

™~

47

more happy recipient of this bronze token than our friend Durand
During his career he accumulated an herbarium which, though not
remarkably large, was of great value. It probably contained a
more complete set of Nuttall’s collections than any other, not ex-
cepting the herbarium of the Academy. In 1868 he carried out
his long cherished intention of depositing this herbarinm in the
Paris Museum, and made a voyage to France almost solely for that
purpose. We regret that our friend had not sufficient American

feeling to allow his herbarium to remain in the country where it

would be most useful. In his will he direeied that specimens he
had accumulated since 1868 should be incorporated with the main
collection. His botanical library he directed to be deposited in the
herbarium room of the Academy, where it can be available for the
working botanists, who have heretofore been obliged to go to the
general library for works of reference. :

Mr. Durand was personally an exceedingly courteous and genial
gentleman, who probably did as much for botany by the encourage-
ment he gave others, as by any direct contributions he made
himself.

§ 55. New Species of Fungi, by W. R. Gerarv. No. L.
Ecidium Nesx2x, ». sp.—Spermogonia.—Spermogonia situated
on a thickened yellowish spot, on the upper surface of. the leaves,
opposite the clusters of peridia. _Protospores.—Perithecia densely
aggregated, seated on a greatly thickened subiculum, either in cir-
cinating or elongated clusters; spores orange yellow, .0007° in
diameter.
On leaves and stems of Neswa verticillata, greatly distorting
them. Where it attacks the stems it forms large gall-like excres-
cences, from one to three inches in length, and about three-quarters
of an inch thick, variously twisting the stems and very often bend-
ing them nearly double; on these excrescences the peridia are
closely arranged in parallel lines—Poughkeepsie, Aug.—Oct.
Trichobasis Hyperici, x. sy.—Sori roundish, minute, reddish-
brown, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; scattered exten-
sively over both surfaces of the leaf. Spores brown, ovoid, rugose ;
001" long. :
On both surfaces of leaves of Hypericum eorymbosum. It is

probable that this is the primary form of Uromyces Hyperici. Schw. —

—Poughkeepsie, August andSeptember. __

Sphzropsis Averyana, n. sp.—Epiphyllous ; spots dark-brown,
perithecia circinating, each nantes on a dense white mycelium ;
Spores rod-shaped, hyaline, .0002 long.
oa leaves Pr Hishapiia Aethiopicu, in the fernery of Dr. Avery
of Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, July. : ; :

Discosa maculaecola, 2. sp.—Spots orbicular, white, circum-
scribed by a dark brown line. Perithecia flattened, rugose-plicate,
sometimes scattered over the spots, but oftener seated near the cir-
cumference. Spores 3-septate, obliquely aristate at each extremity ;

'.0006 long.

On the upper surface of living leaves of Smilax rotundifolia.

a

48

Poughkeepsie, Summer and Autumn. This species has the aspect
of a Septoria or Phyllosticta.

Septoria Verbenae, x. sp.—Epiphyllous; spots minute, orbicular,
white; perithecia few, minute, scattered over the spots; spores
long, thread-shaped, very-pale yellow, filled with a row of nucleoli,
.0024 long.

On leaves of Verbena hastata, Poughkeepsie, Autumn.

Peziza chrisophthalma, ». sp.—Small, sessile, margin raised, disk
at first concave, at length convex. Asci clavate, .01' long; para-
physes clavate, filled with orange-yellow granules; spores broadly
oval, .001 by .0006, with a single nucleus. Whole plant deep
orange-yellow, about one line in diameter.

On damp earth, among mosses, in gardens. September, Pough-
keepsie,

Uncinula geniculata, x. sp.—Hypophyllous ; mycelium in round-
ish spots, or sometimes covering nearly the whole surface; persis-
tent. Conceptacles, .004’ in diameter; appendages 30-40, one and
a half times the length of the diameter of the conceptacles ; spor-
angia 5-8, ovate, rostrate; spores 6,

The appendages have a tendency to become angularly bent,
whence the specific name.

On Morus rubra. August—October. Poughkeepsie.

5 56. The Connecticut Valley Botanical Society—held its first
annual meeting at Amherst, Mass., Oct. 1.

This is a new society, numbering about twenty members,
ladies and gentlemen.
_ President-—Prof. C. H. Hitchcock, Hanover, N. H.
Vice-President—Rev. H. G. Jesup, Amherst, Mass.
Secretary—Mrs, M. L. Owen, Springfield, Mass.
It is designed as a bond of Union among the lovers of Botany
throughout the Connecticut valley, both for general study of the
science and to ensure a more thorough acquaintance with the flora
of this most interesting portion of New England. H. G. J.

§ 57. Cyperaceze—We want much more material before entering
upon our list of this order,

3 58. Hepaticze Exsiccatze—Mr. Austin informs us that he is now
printing for this work. It will contain over 170 numbers, and will
be accompanied with a pamphlet like the “Musci.” ‘The price will
be for the present $15 (never less). ves

5 59. List of Botanists.—We shall do all in our power to get this
ready for the next number of the Bulletin. We hope that those
who have information which they have not furnished will give It
without delay. Our field is North America and the West Indies.

$60. The sketch of Mr. Durand is, in the main, a paper read to the Club by

its President. We have added a few facts for which we are chiefly indeb
to the kindness of Mr. Thomas Meehan. The faults are our own. ‘

Terms—One dollar for one copy ; five dollars for seven : and half a dollar for every additional —
copy per annum:

Local Herbarium, 3, E. 33d St—Editor, 224, E. 10th St

The hud meets reqularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, ab

BOTANICAL

O1 WV No. 11.) Buutetin oF THe Torrey Boranicat Cius. [New York, Nov., 1873.

DIRECTORY,

FOR

North AMERICA AND THE West INDIEs.

eA 2 de

BT etharron. ~The name of the State and the department of the science are indicated
; the full address will be found under the name of the State in Part Il. The prefix

“i
Spec.” implies that the subject which follows is at present more particularly in favor, but

— hot exclusively ; without that prefix, exclusively.
Additions and corrections for the Second Edition, next Autumn, are ear-

“cultivates.??
— hestly requested.

and Marine Algae. |
Anderson, Miss Susan E., M
Tews, D
renee Prof.
r,
A Prof,

Water, Mrs. E. E., lil. Spec. Filices
me ei , Prof. Samuel, Nebraska.
= ai F Spec. Musct and Hepa-

ah Ns Oe
_ Austin, B, P., p

+ D.C. Spee. Michigan.
Averill, N.Y. Marine Algae.

Horace,
ae. B.
Bacon, oo yong
Bag, ‘De. ML. M,N. ¥.
ey, Prof. L. W., Br. Am,

uN, WR. T,
: Baily, Dr, uses, mY, {
| pana rom, Ge oe end, S8., Col. Spee. Filices.
warradt, ‘Dr. Joseph, Ct. Spec. Satices and |

.

i
a

| Blakie, Geo. S., Tenn
| Blanchard, Edward
| Blanpied, B. T., N. H.

_ Bloomer, H. G., Cal.

Oe Olienny Sue VolEL,

“ Cult.” stands for “cultivated” or

-

Bennett, Jas. L., R. 1.

Blain, Jose, W. 1.
R.,.N. J.

Spec. Calijyorn, and
Nevada, Cult.

Bodley, Miss Rachel L., Pa.

Boeking, H. V., Pa.

Boice, Miss Carrie A., N.J.

Bolander, Prof. H. N., Cal.
and Cryptogamede.

Spec, Gluimnaceae

| Bolles, Rey. E. C., Mass. Spec.

mainek :
Boott, Wm., Mass. Spec. Graminem, Cypera-—
ceae and Filices.

' Both, Dr. Carl, N. Y. Spec. Medical,

Bourquin, Frederic, N. J. -Filices,

a ge
Y. Cult. American Rarities,

nham,
| Bray, Mrs. Maria H., Mass. Marine Algae.
_ Breckenridge, W. J., Md.

Brendel, Dr. Frederick, IL.
Brevoort, J. Carson, N. Y.
Brewer, Prof. Wm. © Spec. Californian,

H., N. ¥.
Cult.

ay ‘; 10 ¥,/ 10,

Buchanan, Robert, Ohio.
Buckhout, Wm. A., Pa.
Buckley, 8. B., Texas.
Bumstead, Dr. F. J., N. Y.
Burbank, Prof. I. S.
Burgess, Edward S., N. Y.
Burk, Isaac, Pa.

Burr, Fearing, Mass.
Burrill, Prof. T. J., Ll.
Buswell, E. W., Mass.
Butler, Rev. S. R., Mass. %

Cc.

Calvin, Prof. Samuel, Iowa.

Canby, Win. M., Del. ‘

Carr, Dr. (Ezra ?), Cal.

Carrier, Rev. Joseph C., Ind.

Carruth, Prof. J. H., Kans,

Carson, Dr. Joseph, Pa. Spec. Medical,

Carter, Dr. Francis, Ohio.

Carter, J. J., Pa.

Carter, Miss Maria E., Mass.

Cassebeer, H. A., N. Y.

Cassells, Prof. J. Lang, Ohio.

Castelahn, Karl, Mass.

Chadbourne, Pres. Paul A., Mass.

Chapman, Dr. A. W., Fla. Spec. Sowtheri.

Chickering, Prof. J. W., D. C.

Clark, Dr. Daniel, Mich.

Clark, Prof. Frank W., D. C.

Clark, Jas. H., R. L. Carboniferous.

Clark, Miss Mary H., Mich.

Clark, M. W., Mass. :

Clark, R. B., Mass.

Clark, W. S., Mass.

Clinton, Judge G, W., N. Y.

Cochrane, Mrs. H. A., Mags.

Coles, Isaac, N. Y.

Coleman, N., Mich.

Commons, A., Del.

Comstock, Frederic H., N. Y,

Comstock, Prof. T. B., Ohio.

Congdon, Joseph W., R. I.

Cook, Miss Mary, N. Y.

Cooper, Dr. J. G. Cal. Spec. Trees.

Cope, Prof. E. D., N. J.

Copeland, Prof. H. E.. Wis.
‘ Spec. Coniferae.

Marine Algae,

—— BN. Ne Y.

D,

Dahl, Christian, W. I.
Dame, Prof. Luther, Mass.
Dame, L. L.,
enamge mice W., Wis,
arby, br. John, Ky. Spec. Southern,
Darrach, Dr, J. Pa. dd Ad
Spec. Filices,

‘Davenport, Geo. E., Mass.

Davi Wai -
rs. ass. Marine

Davis, Chas. M., N. J. a

Davis, J. Frank, N, Y,

50

| Davis, Miss Mary E., Mass.

| Davis, Miss N. J., Pa.

| Davison, Miss Emily, Ky.

| Dawson, Jackson, Mass.

| Dawson, Dr. J. W., Br. Am.
Day, David F., N. f£.

| Day, Dr. W.. De ¥F., N.Y.

| Dean, Dr. D. V., Mo.
Demcker, Robert, N. Y.
Denslow, Herbert, Ct.

| Dickinson, Mrs. W, P,, Iowa.
Doggett, Mrs. Wm. E., Ill. ee

; Donhoff, A. V. Ky.

| Dorsch, Dr. Edward, Mich.

| Douglass, Dr. James S., Wis.

' Dowd, Miss S. E., N. Y. Spec. Cryptogameae.

Drummond, A. T., Br. Am.

Dudley, W. R., N. Y.

E.

Eaman, Mias Mary, Mich.
Earle, Miss A. B., Mass.
Eaton, Prof. Daniel C., Ct.
| Marine Algae.

!

Fossil,

Spec. Filices and

| Edwards, Dr. A. M., N. J.
Edwards, Miss Sara, Ct.
Edwards, Wm., Mass. Spec. Filices.
| Ellis, J. B., N.J. Spec. Fungi.
| Elmore, Samuel E., Ct.
| Emerson, George B., Mass. Trees.
Emerton, James H., Mass.
Draughisman,.
Endicott, Wm. E., Mass. Cult, Spec. Bulbs
and Climbers. oe
' Engelhardt, Prof. Francis E., N. Y. RF
Engelmann, Dr. George., Mo. spec. Vitis,
seer , Loranth . Conrferae, Yucea.
i Vide Gray's Man., Pref., etc.
| Ennis, Prof. Jacob, Pa. Rees
Errington, MissG., N. Y. Spec. Californian.
Eude, Dr. Charles, N. J.
' Everett, Dr. O., Il.

Diatomaceae, ele. -

Botanical

F.
Fales, Prof. J. C., Ky.
Farlow, Dr. Wm. G., Mass.
Ory imeae.
Faxon, Edwin, Mass, ‘
Faxon, C. E., Mass. ~
Faxon, Walter, Mass. ae ae
Fazel, J., N. Y. Botanical Artist.

Spec. Lower

be
oO
i
E
=
i

Fish, Geo. T., N. Y,.

Fisher, Dr. G. J., N. Y-

Flint, Wm. F., N. H.

Foote, Lewis, Mich.

Forbes, S. A., Ill.

Fowler, Rev. Jam2s, Br. Am.
Fowler, Samuel P., Mass. 77ees.
Francis, Dr. G. E., Mass.

| French, Prof. G. H., Il.

_ Fritchey, J. Q. A., Mo.

| Froebel, C. H., N. Y. :
! Frost, Prof. S. T., N. Y. .
Frost. Chas. C., Vt. Spec. Cryptogamed?.
Fuller, A. S., N. J. Spec. Cuit.
Fuller, C. B., Me.

Fuller, Joseph, N. Y. |

G.

Garber, A. P., Pa.
Gay, Dr. C. C.F. N.Y;
Gentry, T. G., Pa,

‘Gillman, Henry, Mich.

Gross, Dr. 0. R., N.Y.

Dita Gs core Spec. Cult.
uan (Johannes), W. L

Gwathmey, R. C., Ky. ‘

H.

Hale, Dr. E. M. I.

Spec. Medical.
Hall, Prof. E kana. ‘pec. Medica
» Elihu

n, E. L., N. Y.
Harbo ur, G. P., lowa. Spec. Rocky Mountain.
Harrington, Prof. M.W., Mich. Spec. Colorado
_ and Alaska.
partiey, Fielden, Ill.
oe Prof. C. F., N. Y. Fossil. Spec, Devonian.
ae

*%

BF. N., D. 6, Spec... Upper

pate ReMi... N. Yi
Hilga, . E., Md.
) Hilgarg’ Prof. E. W., Mich.
“gard, Dr, Theodore C., Me. Spec. Crypto-

= gameae.
Hill, Prof. E.J., UL.
qyebeand, La@ Wim., Heidelberg, Germ.
fiileheock, Prot. ©. H., N. H.
ocean Miss Mary, N. H. Spec. Filices.
“chings, E. H., Mass. Spec. Filices.
oeeetein, A. H., N. J. Botanical Artist.
Hole G N. Y. Spee. Cult. Japan.
Holm T,G. H., Ct.
es, E. S., Re a
Holmes, Miss ‘Mary E., Il.
: a ale Mass. Spec. New Grenada.
vb,
Hoopes’ oye sever &., BY: ©
sy a. Spec. Coniferae.
qotter, Mrs. CN. S., Mass.
tt, Dr. Asa, lowa.
Hosmer, Miss Abbie, Mass.
neamer, Miss Eliza, Mass.

. Le Roy, P. V., N. ¥.

51.

Howe,Dr. Elliott C., N. Y. Spec. Fungi.

Howland, Mrs. Frances, N. J.

Hoysrodt, L. H., N. Y.

Hubbard, Mrs. Sara A., Ill.

Hume, Prof. Gilbert L., N. Y.
Filices,

Hunt, Edwin, N. Y.

Hunt, George, R. I.

Hunt, Dr. J. G., Pa. Spec, Vegetable Anatomy,

Huntington, J. H., N. H

Hurd, Prof. A., Ill.

Hussey, Rev. John, Ohio. Spec, Fitices.

Hyatt, Prof. James, N. Y.

Hyatt, J. B.,'N. ¥.

Spec, Cult.

i
Ingraham, Robert, Mass. Cr yptogameae.
: z

Jacobi, Dr. Mary Putnam, N. Y. Medical,
Jack, Dr. Louis, Pa.

Jack, Peter, Br. Am. Cult. Coniferae and
other Trees.

Jackson, Halliday, Pa.

James, Prof. Thos. P., Mass. Spec. Musci.

Jenks, C. W., Mass.

Jesup, Rev. H. G., Mass. Spec. Salices,
Johnson, Miss Amy E., N. Y.

Johnson, Dr. H. A., Tl.

Jones, Lloyd, Br. Am.

Joor, Dr. J. F., La. Southern,

Jordan, Prof. D.S., Wis. Spec. Nov. Eborac.

and Algae.
Jordan, Miss Mary E., Il.

K.

Keenerg, Mrs. N. B., N. Y-

Keeler, H. D., Fla.

Kellerman, W. A., N. Y.

Kellogg, Dr. A., Cal.

Kemp, Prof. A. F., Ill.

Kerr, Prof. W. C., N. C. Fossil. Spec. Triassic.
Kilvingten, Robt., Pa. Spec. Cult.
Kirtland, Dr. Jared P., Ohio.
Klippard, John H., Ohio.

Knapp, C., Mass. 2

Knighton, Rev. Frederic, N. J.

Knipe, Rev. S. W., Pa.

Knott, W. T. Ky.

Krebs, Henry, W. L

Kumlien. Thure, Wis. :
Kunze, Dr. R. E., N. Y. Spec. Medical,

L.

Lapham, I. A., LL.D., Wis.

Lawrence, Miss 8. L.,

Lawson, Prof. Geo., Br. Am. 4 ;

Lawton, Miss Emily, lowa. Botanical Artist.

Leffman, Dr., Pa.

Leggett, Wm. H., N. Y. Spec. Lecheae and
Solidagines.

Leidy, Prof. Joseph, Pa.

Lemmon, J. G., Cal.

Lesley, Prof. J. P., Pa. Fossil. :
Lesquereux, Prof. Leo, Ohio. Musci and
Fossil.

Lindsay, A. W.
Little, Dr. a i
Livingston, Pro -
Fineksrond, Rev, Samuel, ae
Long, Dr. J. F., Pa.

Lord, H. B., N.Y.

52

Loring, Dr. oe Ohio.

Lowrie, J. Rey Pa.

Lyons, Dr. A. B., Mich.

Lusk, Rev, Mrs. ,’Mass. Filices and Algae.

M.

= Prof. John, Br. Am. Spec. Br. Am.

March, W. T., W. I.

Marshall, M. A.,

Martin, Prof. D. Fah

Martindale, aah G., N. J.
on, O, A., Mass.

Matthew, Ged. F., Br. Am.

Matthews, Dr. Wm., Dakota.

Maxwell, S. M., N. 2

McCord, vb. R., 'Br. Am. Canadian Filices,

McKiernan, aearge Ind.
McNeil, Jobn A.,

Mead, Dr. S. B., m1

Meehan, Thos., Pa. ae Cult:
Mellichamp, Dr. a. th, 8

Merriam, Jas. S., N. Y.
Merrill, Prof. Geo. C., Kans.
Michener, Dr. Ezra, Pa.
Miller, E. (« le Y;
Milligan, Mrs. J. M., Ill.
Mi llington, Mrs. L. A, OB
Mills, Miss Jennie, Mass.
Mohr, Ch., ‘Ala.
Monks, Miss Sarah P., N. Y.
Moore, Prof. Joseph, Ind.
Morales, Dr. Sebastian Altreno A A,
Morgan, R. T., Il,
Morris, 0. W., N. Y.
Morse, Miss E. S., Mass,
Morse, Dri. D.; Mo.
Moyer, tet Be Pa
Mudge, Prof. B. F., Kans.
Muir John,.Cal.
Muir, wm., Mo. oe Cult.
Mundy, RB. 'W., at
Murphy, ¢. P.. x. pi
Martfeldt, Mary E., Mo,

N.

Nason, Prof. Henry B., N. Y
Neissler, Hugh M. * Ga.
Nevius, Rey. R. D. , Oregon.

Newberry, Dr. J. S., N. as, r» Spee, Fossil, |
Norton, M. E E. B.,

Norton, De 0. 2., "Ohio. |
Nott, Rev. John W., Md. Spec. Mountain.

0.

Olney, ite pen al > R. 1. Spec. ¢ 2.
Orne, John, M: Reo 5
Orton, Presd. Ries Ohio.

Orton, Prof. James, N.Y. Fossil, |
Orton, Dr. J. G., N. ¥ H
Osborne, Dr. C.'S., N. ¥. |
Owen, Mrs. V. L., ” Mass.

Ps

Paine, Rev, John A. JEN, Y.
Palmer, Dr. Edward, Mass.
Papinean, Edwin A., Kans,
Parker, Uhas. F., N. J.

Parker, Thos. J.,°N. i
Parker, Prof. Wm. A., Mass.
Parry, br. ¢. C., Iowa. Spec.

Cult,

Rocky Mountain.
Parsons, S. B., N Te oi gee es

pe Reta edn ere ee

| Putnam, F. W., Mass. Naturatist's Agency.

i Ralston, Prof, J. G.,

| Ravenel, H. W,, no. Spec. Fungi.

| Reverchon, Js; Tex,

| Reynolds, Miss Mary C.,
Richards, James, Ct.

Richardson, W. Allan, Ky.

i Robbins, Dr. J. W., Mass.

| Rounds, 6c

Parvin, Prof. T. L., Towa.

Patterson, H. N., Ti.

Pech, E., Ill.

Peck, Chas. A., N. Y. Spec. Fungi.

Peck, Rev. David, Mass.

Perkins, Prof. Geo. iy Vit.

Peter, Prof. feces Ky.

Peters, Dr. C. H. F., N.

Peters, Thomas M., Ala.

Phelps, Dr. Edw: ard E., Vt.

Phippen, Geo. D., Mass,
North ‘American.

Pike, Nicholas, N. Y. Algae.

Piper, Mrs. S. M., Mass.

Pittenger, Rev. Wm. ,N. J. Microscopic.

Pollard, F, A., N. Y.

Pool, Isaac A., Ill. “Cult,

Pooley, Dr. J. 0. ap a

Pope, Chas.-H., Ky. \

Porter, Prof. Thos. C.,-Pa.

Potter, Prof. B. S., ul.

Pratt, Minot, Mass.

Prentiss, Prof. A. N., N. Y.

Presas, Manuel J., W. I.

Pringle, C. G., Vt. Spec. Flora West Vt.

Puissant, P. A., N.

Medic
Spec. “Cultéwated

R.

Pa. * x
Rand, as Jr., Mass. Cult. Spec. Ore'ids
‘and Bulbs.
Rand, Wm. H., Ill.
Rau, Eugene A., Pa.
Rau, Robert, Pa.
Rauch, Dr. J. H., Ili.

Redding, Thomas B., Ind.

Redfield, John H., Pa.
Fla.

Ridgway, Robert, Ind.
Riley, Prof. C. V., Mo.

Roberts, C. i; Minn.

Robinson, John, Mass. Filices,

Rockwell, Rev. Mrs. Charles, N. Y.

Root, Prof. Oren, N. Y. vi

Ross, Waldo, Mass. ae. Cactaceae and Suc-
culents.

Rothrock, Dr. roe T.,’ Pa.

Roy, Mrs. a ‘Br. Am, Spec. Filices and |

es
Ruger, M., N. Y.

Ss.

Sager, Prof. Abram, Mich. ;
Salisbury, Prof. J. it, Ohio. Fungi. oe
Sargent, Chas. Sprague, Mass. Spec, Cult. ..
Saunders, Wm., Br. Am
Saunders, wWm., D.C, Cult.
Sauvalle, Francisco Adolfo, W. I.
Saurman, Dr. B. F., Fla.
Scarborough, George, N.J :
Schaan, Dr. Felix, Il. asl
Schott, Dr. Arthur, D.C. Spec. Mexican
Centr al American,
Rong hgge oly Se Sef
ott, J. G.,
Scribner, F. Lamson, Me. Spec. ein
Carices, ;
Seal, Thomas, F., Pa.
Seaman, Wei; De CG.

F Seeyle, Rev. Mrs. S.T., N. Y.

Spec, Marine
; Algae, '
Sewell, Dr. J. A., Ill.
Shaffer, Dr. Charles, Pa.
Shattuck, Miss Lydia W., Mass. Spec, Filtces.
Shattuck, Miss M. M.
Shaw, Henry, Mo. Spec. Cult.
Sheldon, Prof. D. S., Iowa.
Shepley, Henry, Il.
Sherman, J., Mass.
Sherman, Dr. Lewis, Wis.
Shoop, Rev. Darius R., Mich.
Shriver, Howard, Va. Spec. Solidagines.
Siedolf, Dr. Charles, N. J. Spec. Cult.

_ Sinclair, J., Pa.

Skinner, Dr. A. G., N. Y,
Smith, Aubrey, H., Pa.
Smith, Prof. C., Wash. Ter.
Smith, Chas. E., Pa.
Smith, Daniel B., Pa.
Smith, Dr. George, Del.

— Smith, Prof. H.L, N.Y. Spee. Diatom and

Desmid,

. Smith, Sarah E., Mass.

Stauffer, Jacob, Pa.

_ Van Gieson, Rev.

Smith, W. R., D.C.

Snow, Prof. Frank H., Kans.

Sprague, CO. J. Mass. Fungi.

Sprague, Isaac, Mass. Botanical Artist.
Stabler, Dr. R. H., Va.

Standish, Mrs. J. V., Ill. Spec. Cult.

Stephenson, Rev. James, Md.
Stevens, Dr. George T., N. Y-
Steward, Dr. J. T., Ill.
Stillwell, C. M., N. Y.

Stiver, Dr. Charles A., Cal.
Sturton, Samuel, Br. Am.
Sullivant, Jos. E., Ohio.
Sutten, G, B., N. Y.

Swallow, Prof. G. C., Mo.
Sweezy, Mrs. John C,, N. Y.
Swift, Henry M., N. Y.

T.

Tatnull, Edward, Del.
Tegen, John F., Ad., Spec. Cult.
Tenney, Prof. Sanborn, Mass.
omas, John J., N. Y. ;
Thurber, Prof. Geo., N. Y. Spec. Cult. and
Gramineae.
Thurston, Louise M., Mass.
Townsend, J. L., Utah.
Townshend, Dr. Norton §., Ohio.
y, C. M., Mass.
t, Mrs. Mary, N. J.
Trippe, Miss Ella F., R. I.
ppe, T. Martin, N. J.
Tryon, Geo. W., Jr., Pa.
Tuckerman, Prof. Ed., Mass: Spec. Lichenes.
Tathill, Frank H., Mi

2 " > ch. :
Tutwiler, Miss Julia S., Ala. Spec. Piltces.

U;
Upham, Warren, N. H.

Vi
Van Brut, C., N. ¥.
AY.

53

Van Vleck, B. H., Wis.
Vasey, Dr. Geo., D.C.
Vinal, Rey. C. C.,; Me.
Vose, Jas. E., N. H.

Cult. Filices.

WwW;

Walker, C. A., Mass. Botanical Draughtsman.
Wall, J. ti; Bi. ¥¢

Ward, Jas. W., N. Y.

Ward, Dr. R. H., N. Y. Spec. Microscopic.
Ward, Rey. W. H., N. Y.

Warder, Dr. J. A., Ohio.

Warne, H. A., Tl.

Waring, W. G.. Pa.

Warren, Rev. —, Ohio.

Watson. Sereno. Mass. Spec. Western.
Watt, David A. P., Br. Am. Spee, Acrogens.
Wellman, C, P., Ill.

Wheeler, Charles F., Mich.

Whitman, A. G., Mass,

Whittem, Wm. A, Pa.

Whittington, Miss Mary, Ky. Py
Whort, Edward H., Mass. Spec. Filices.
Wibbe, Rev. Father Herman, Th. D., N. Y.
Wilber, G. M., N. Y.
Wilcoxson, Dr. L. D., Ct.

Wilkins, Danie], N. H.

Willey, —— N. Y.

Willey, H., Mass. Lichenes.

Williams, John, Il.

Williamson, John, Ky.

Willis, Prof. 0. R., N. Y.

Wilson, Miss D., N. Y. é
Wilson, Hugh, Mass. Cult, Spec. Filices.
Wilson, James, Kans. Spec. Filices.
Wilson, Miss M. L., N. Y.

Wilson, Nathaniel, W. IL

Winchell, Dr. Alexander, N. Y.

Winchell, Prof. N. H., Minn,

Wirt, I. R., Pa.

Wister, W. Wynne, Pa.

Wolf, John, Ill.

Wolle, Rev. Francis, Pa.

Wood, Prof, Alphonso, N. Y.

Wood, Charles, Tl.

Wood, Prof. H. C., Jr., Pa. Spec, Fresh-water

Algae. .
Wood, Mary E., Cal, Marine Algae.
Woodward, Dr., D, C. Microscopic,
Woolson, Geo. C., N.Y. Spec. Cult.
Woolson, M., N. H. Spec. Woods. :
Wright, Charles, Ct. Spec. Cuban, Texan’ and

New Mexican.
Wright, R. M., Mass.
Wright, Dr. Samuel H., N._Y.
% xX.
Xantus, L. J., Pesth, Hungary. (Mexico, fide
Eaton.

¥¥

Youmans, Miss Eliza, N. Y.

Young, A. H., Ind. ‘

Young, A. R., N.Y. Marine Algae.

Young, Henri W., N. Y. Spec. Cyperaceae and
Gramineae.

Young, Mrs. M. J., Texas.

‘

a4

eae LT.

BririsH

Bailey, Prof, L. W., Fredericton, N. B.
Barnston, G., Montreai.

Bell, Prof. Robert, Canada West.
Cormac, W. C., New Westminster,

. Umbia .

Dawson, Principal J. W., LL.D., McGill Uni-
versity, Montreal, Can.

Drummond, A. T., Montreal, Canada.

Fowler, Rev. James, Bass River, N. B.

How, Prof. Henry, Windsor, N. S.

Jack, Peter, Halifax, N.S.

Jones, Lloyd, Victoria, Br. Columbia.

Br, Col- ;

|
|
i
i
)
}

AMERICA,

| Lawson, Prof. Geo., Halifax, N. 5.

Lindsay, A. W. H., Halifax, N.S.
Mackay, A, H., Pictou, N. Ss.
Macoun, Prof. John, Belleville, C. W.

“Matthew, Geo. F., Custom House, St. John,
N. B.
, McCord, D. R., Montreal, Canada.

Roy, Mrs. Wm., Owen Sound, Ontario, Can.
Saunders, Wm., Dundas St., London, C. W.
Sturton, Samuel, Quebec, Canada.

Watt, David A. P., Montreal, Canada.

Unirep Sratss.

ALABAMA.

Harvey, Wm., Mobile.
Mohr, Ch., Mobile.
Peters, Thomas M., Moulton.
Tutwiler, Miss Julia S., Havana P.O, Absent
in Europe,
CALIFORNIA,
Ames, Mrs. Mary E. P., Taylorsville, (Indian
Valley,) Plumas Co.
Anderson, Dr. C. L., Santa Cruz.
Bloomer, H. G., San Francisco.
Bolander, Prof. H. N., San Francisco, -
Carr, Dr. (Ezra 2), San Francisco?
Cooper, Dr. J. G., San Francisco.
Gibbons, Dr. Wm. P., Alameda.
Kellogg, Dr. A., San Francisco.
Lemmon, J. G., Sierraville, Sierra Co.
Muir, John, Yosemite Valley.
Stiver, Dr. Chas. A., San Francisco,
Wood, Mary E., Santa Cruz.

: COLORADO,
Brandegee, Townshend S., Canon sity.
Boyd, David, Greeley. Z ted
Greene, Rey. E. L., Puebio (or Greeley ?).

COLUMBIA (District of) TERRITORY.

Antisell, Prof. Thos., M. D., Washington.
(Expected back’ from Japan egineer
.e,
J. har Washingto:
. .S. Arm ashi nm.
5. W., Washi n.
W., Howard Uniy., Wash-

Saunders, Wm. t. of Agric., Washin i
Schott, Dr. ‘Arthur, Goorgeteen. —
: n, W. H., Dep. of c., Wi nm.

3eama:
Smith, W. R., U. S. Bot. ak Washingto hington.
Washington.

CONNECTICUT.
Alcott, Rey. W. P., Greenwich.

Allen, Dr. T, F., Litchfield.

Barratt, Dr. Joseph, Middletown.

Brewer, Prof. Wm. H., New Haven.

Denslow, Herbert, New Canaan.

Eaton, Prof. Daniel C., New Haven.

Edwards, Miss Sara, New Haven.

Elmore, Samuel E., Hartford.

Hall, Franklin W., New Haven.

Hollister, G. H., Litchfield.

Marshall, M. A., New Haven.

be rdenetigyY ecne He

nounds, C. C., Farmington.

Wilcoxson, Dr. L. D., Box 386, P.0., New
Haven.

Wright, Charles, Wethersfield.

DAKOTA.
Dr. W. Matthews ?

DELAWARE.

Canby,Wm. M., 1101, Delaware Ave, Wilming-
ton.
-Commons, A., Centreville, New Castle Co.

Fendler, Augustus, Seaford.
Febiger, Christian, New Castle Co.
Smith, Dr. Geo., Darby.

Tatnall, Edward, Wilmington.

FLORIDA.

Chapman, Dr. A. W., Apalachicola.
Keeler, H. D., Jacksonville. ;
Reynolds, Miss Mary C., St. in algae
Saurman, Dr. B. F., Apalachicola. eee;

GEORGIA.’

Berckmans, P. J., Augusta.
Neissler, Hugh M., Butler, Taylor Co.

ILLINOIS.

dg beige tg Chicago. a
a os. E., Galena.

Bebb, M. S., Fountaindale, Winnebago C0.
Brendel, Dr. Frederick, Peoria.
Burrill, Prof. T. J,, Urbana. :
Doggett, Mrs. Wm. E., Chicago.

Everett, Dr, O., Dixon, Lee Co.
_ Forbes, S. A., Normal.

French, Prof. G. H., [lL Agric. Coll., Irvington.
Hale, Dr. E. M., Chicago.
Hall, Elihu, Athens, Menard Co.
Hartley, Fielden, Alton.
Hill, Prof. E. J., Kankakee.
Holmes, Miss Mary E., Rockford.
Hubbard, Miss Sara A., office of Evening Post,

86, Dearborn St., Chicago.
Hurd, Prof. A., Galesburg. .
Johnson, Dr. H. A., Chicago.
Jordan, Miss Mary E., Decatur.
Kemp, Prof. A. G., Galesburg:
Livingston, Prof. Wm., Galesburg.
Mead, Dr. S. B., Augusta, Hancock Co.
n, Mrs J. M., Box 458, Jacksonville.

Morgan, R. T., Wheaton. see
Norton, Miss M. E. B., Rockford.
Patterson, H. N., Oquawka, Henderson Co.
Pech E., Chicago.
Pool, Isaac A., 829, Washington St., Chicago.
Potter, Prof. B. S., Springfield.
Rand, Wm. H., Chicago.
Rauch, Dr. J. H., Chicago.
Schaan, Dr. Felix, Chicago.
Sewell, Dr. J. A., Normal.
Shepley, Herry, Canton, Fulton Co.
_ Standish, Mrs. J. V., Galesburg.

Steward, Dr. J.T., Peoria.
Warne, H. A.
Wellman, C. P., Maquon.
Williams, John, Fountaindale.
Wolf, John, Canton, Fulton Co.
Wood, Charles, Augusta, Hancock Co.

. INDIANA.

Carrier, Rev. Joseph C., Notre Dame P.O.
McKiernan, Geo. S., New Albany.

Moore, Prof. Joseph, Richmond.

Redding, Thos. B., Newcastle.

Ridgway, Robert.

Young, A. H., Hanover.

IOWA.
Arthur, J. C., Charles City.
Babcock, H, H., removed from Chicago.
ey, C. E., Prof. lowa Agric. Coil., Ames.
Calvin, Prof. Samuel, Iowa City.
Covel, Mrs. Harriet, Dubuque.
Dickinson, Mrs. W. P., Dubuque.
Harbour, G. P., Oskaloosa.
Horr, Dr. Asa.,- Dubuque.
Lawton, Miss Emily, Dubuque.
Parry, Dr. C. C., Davenport.
Parvin, Prof. T. L., lowa City.
Sheldon, Prof. D. S., Davenport.

KANSAS.

Carruth, Prof. J. H., Lawrence.

Hall, Prof. EB.

Merrill, Prof. Geo. C., Topeka.
udge, Prof. B. E., Manhattan.

Papineau, Edwin A., Topeka.

Wie, Prof. Frank H., Lawrence.
ilson, James, Leavenworth.

KENTUCKY.

Belknap, W. R., 112, Walnut St., Louisville.
et SS oe hee

; . . Kentuc! vel fe

Davison, Miss Emily, 300, Walnut St., Louis-

G Ville,
_ Donhaff, A. V., 27, Jefferson St., Louisville.
Fales, Prof. J. C., Centre College, Danville.

55

Gwathmey, R. C., 104, Green St., Louisville.
Knott, W. T., Lebanon.

McElroy, Miss Rose, Lebanon.

Peter, Prof. Rbert, Lexington.

Pope, Chas. H., 331, 8th St., Louisville.
Richardson, W. Allan, Louisville.
Whittington, Miss Mary, Harrodsburg.
Williamson, John, 63, Market St., Louisville.

- LOUISIANA.
Joor, Dr. J. F., Baton Rouge.

MAINE.
Fernald, Prof. C. H., Orono.
Fuller, C. B.,Curat. Nat. Hist. Soc., Portland.
Hallowell, Miss Susan M., Bangor.
Hayes, Prof. B. F., Lewiston.
Hilgard, Prof. Theo. C., U. 8. Coast Survey.
Scribner, F. Lamson, Augusta.
Vinal, Rey. C. C., Kennebunk.

MARYLAND.

Breckenridge, W. J., Govanstown.

Greene, A. C., Frostburg.

Hertzog, Dr., Baltimore.

Hiffelman, M. E., Hagerstown.

Nott, Rey. John W., Mount Savage Alleghany

Co.
Tegen, John F., Frostburg. ‘
Stephenson, Rev. James, St. Inigo’s, St.
Mary’s Co.

MASSACHUSETTS.

Alger, R. F., Dedham.

Anderson, Miss Susan E., Shelburne.
Bacon, Austin, Natick.

Bigelow, Dr. Jacob, Boston.

Biscoe, Prof. T. D., Westborough.
Bolles, Rev. E. C., Salem.

Boott, Wim., Boston. :
Bowen, Miss Susan, South Hadley.
Bray, Mrs. Maria H., West Gloucester.
Burbank, Prof. I. 8.

Burr, Fearing, Hingham.

Buswell, E. W., Boston.

Butler, Rev. S. R., Northampton?
Carter, Miss Maria E., Woburn.

Davenport, Geo. E., 8, Province St., Boston. .

Dawso

. Wm.

Europe.

Faxon, Edwin, Boston.

Faxon, ©, E., 136, Broad St., Boston.

Faxon, Walter, Cambridge.

Fowler, Samuel P., Danvers.

Dr. G. E., Worcester. :

Goodale, Prof. Geo. L., emt,

Gray, Dr. Botanic =e. bridge.

Guerineau, uis, Botanic Garden, Cam-
Ze. :

56

Hedge, F. H., Jr., Cambridge.

Hervey, E. W., New Bedford.

Hills, N., Lynn.

Hitchings, E. H., 40, Chambers St., Boston.

Holton, Rev. I. F., Everett.

Horner, Mrs. C. N. S., Georgetown.

Hosmer, Miss Abbie, Concord.

Hosmer, Miss Eliza, Medford.

Hosmer, Miss Jane, Concord.

Ingraham, Robert, New Bedford.

James, Prof. Thos. P., Cambridge.

Jenks, C. W., Boston.

Jesup, Rev. H. G., Amherst.

Knapp, C., Girls’ Normal School, Boston.

Lawrence, Miss M. L., Worcester.

Lusk, Rev. Mrs., Uxbridge.

Mason, 0. A., Medway.

Mills, Miss Jennie, Waltham.

Morse, Miss E. S., Worcester.

Orne, John, Cambridge.

Owen. Mrs. V. L., Springfield,

Palmer, Dr. Edward, Peabody Museum,
Cambri Ige.

Parker, Prol. Win, A., Amherst.

Peck, Rev. David, Sunderland,

Phippen, Geo, D., Salem.

Piper, Mrs. 8. M., Tolland,

Pratt, Minot, Concord,

Putuam, F. W., Naturalist’s Agency, Salem.

Rand, E. 5., Jr., Glen Ridge, Dedham.

kobbins, Dr. J. W., Uxbridge.

Robiuson, John, Salem.

Ross, Waldo, Jamaica Plain.

Sargent, Chas. Sprague, Brookline.

Scott, J. G., Westfield.

Seeyle. Rey. Mrs. S, T,, East Hampton.

Sherman, J., Medford.

Shattuck, Miss Lydia W., South Hadley.

Smith, Sarah E., Waltham.

Sprague, C. J., Boston.

Sprague, Isaac, Grantville.

Tenney, Prof. Sanborn, Williamstown.

Thurston, Louise M., Lexington.

Tracy, C. M., Lynn.

Tuckerman, Prof. Ed., Amherst.

babes . og 220, Broadway, Chelsea, Box

pr,
Watson, Sereno, Botanic Garden, Cambridge.
Whitman, A. G., Boston. ;
Whort, Edward H., Boston.
Willey, H., New Bedford.
Wright Boke Wiliston 8

ght, R. M., Wiliiston Semina East

Hampton. a

y
|

MICHIGAN.

Allmendinger, Miss E. ©., Ann Arbor.

Beal, Prof. Wm. J., Agric. Coll., Lansing.

Bigelow, Dr. J. M., Detroit.

Gar’ Beane ie isto
ary H., P. 0. Box 169,Ann :

Coleman, N., Grand Rapids. ; e

sn le phon ag inte

aman, ary, 25, He’ St., Detro’
Foote, Lewis, Detroit. shies “
a Henry, 80, Elizabeth St., West

Harrington, Prof. M. W., Ann Arbor.

Lyons, Dr. A. B., 54, Fort St., West Detroit.
r, Prof. Abram, Ann Arbor.

Shoop, Rev. Darius R., Bellevue,

Tut Frank H., Kalamazoo,

Wheeler, Charles F., Hubbardston, Ionia Co.

MINNESOTA.
Cornish, Alice F., St. Paul.

Roberts, C, H., Rochester.
Winchell, Prof. N. H., St. Anthony’s.

MISSISSIPPI.
Little, Dr. Geo.,Oxford.

MISSOURI.

Broadhead, G. C., Pleasant Hill.

Dean, Dr. D. V., St. Louis.

Engelmann, Dr. Geo., St. Louis.

Fritchey, J. Q. A., St. Louis.

Morse, Dr. L. D., Kirkwood. :

Muir, Wm., Fox Creek P.O., St. Louis Co.

Murtfeldt, Mary E., Kirkwood. :

Riley,. Prof. C. V., State Entomologist, Room
29, S.E. corner of 5th and Olive Sts., St.
Louis.

Shaw, Henry, St. Louis.

Swallow, Prof. G. C., Columbia, Boone Co.

NEBRASKA.

Aughey, Prof. Samuel, Lincoln.
Grant, J. M., Crowellton, Buffalo Co.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Barrows, Dr. Nathan, Meriden.
Blanpied, B. T., Hanover.

Flint, Wm, F., Richmond.
Gilbert, Mrs. E. J. C., Keene.
Hitchcock, Prof. C. H., Hanover.
Hitchcock, Miss Mary, Hanover.
Upham, Warren, Nashua.

Vose, James E., Francestown.
Wilkins, Daniel, Littleton.
Woolson, M., Concord.

NEW JERSEY.

Apgar, Prof. A. C., Trenton.

Austin, C. F., Closter.

Blanchard, Edward R., Bergen.
way, N. Y.)

Boice, Miss Carrie A., Camden.

Bourquin, Frederic, Camden.

Brown, R. Willis, Box 2, Keyport.3

Cope, Prof, E. D., Haddenfield.

Davis, Chas. M., Bloomfield.

+ lade “i A. M., 241, Broad St., Newark.

s, J. B., Newfield.

Eude, Dr. Charles, corner of 7th and Wash-
ington Sts., Hoboken.

Fuller, A. S., Ridgewood.

Hochstein, A. H., 58, 7th St., Hoboken.

Howland, Mrs. Francis, Engelwood. .

Knighton, Rey. Frederic, Cranberry, Merce!

Co.
atau agg Rev. Samuel, Freehold,Monmouth

0.

Martindale, Isaac ©., National State Bank,
Camden.

Parker, Chas. F., Camden.

Pittinger, Rev. Wm., Vineland.

Scarborough, bite Vineland.

Siedolf, Dr. Chas., North Hoboken.

Treat, Mrs. Mary, Vineland,

Trippe, T. Martin, Orange.

NEW YORK.

Allen, Dr. T. F., 8, E. 33d St., NewaYork.
os ny T. L., Niagara Falls.

Arm: Y: ee . Z

Averill: Horace, 151, Washington St., Brook

lyn.
Bagg, Dr. M. M., Utica.

(413,!Broad-

Baily, Dr. Cady, Chatham, Columbia Co.

Barstow, Dr. J. W., Sanford Hall, Flushing,
Queens Co.

Bates, Dr. Joseph, New Lebanon Spa, Col-
umbia Co,

Beauchamp, Miss M. E., Skaneateles.

emp, Rey. M. W., Kings Ferry, Cayuga

Home in Boston, Mass.
Bourquin, Mr. — Newburgh, Orange Co.
Bowen, Mrs. W. C., Skaneateles.
Bower, Wm.,53, Fulton St., N. Y.
Bradley, Dr. S. B.? West Greece, Monroe Co.

Brainerd, Geo. B., 23, Lafayette Ave., Brook- |

lyn, | Kunze, Dr. R. E., 606, 3d Ave., New York.
: ' | ‘Leggett, Wm. H., 224, E. 10th Street, N. ¥.
Nat. Hist., 64, |

yn.
Brevoori, J. Carson, Brooklyn
Brownne, Robert H., Lyceum
Madison Ave., N. Y.
jaar Se

Buchanan, I., 9,W. 17th S

Bumstead, Dr. F. J., 32, W. 26th St., N. Y.

eereves, Edward 8., Panama, Chatauqua
0.

Cassebeer, H. A., 9th St. and 4th Ave., N. Y.

Clinton, Judge G. W., Buffalo.

Coles, Isaac, Glen Cove, Queens Co.
Comstock, Frederic H., 240, E. 23d St., New

ork.
peck, Miss Mary, Bridge Hampton, Suffolk
0.

entry ae J Newark, Wayne Co.
wiles, S. N., Otisco, Onond Co.
Crittenden, Claude, a
Rochester.
Crooke, J. J., 163, Mulberry Street, New York.
Davidson, W, J., Box 191, P.O., Brooklyn.
Davis, J. Frank, River Head, Suffolk Co.
Day, David F., Buffalo.
od ~~ W. De F., 56, E. 34th Street, New
Demcker, Robert, 124, E. 92nd St., New York.
Dowd, Miss S. E., 3, S. Union St., Rochester.
Dudley, W. R., Cornell University, Ithaca.
Englehardt, Prot. Francis E., Syracuse.
trington, Miss G., Townsend Ave., Clifton,
Richmond Co.
Fazel, J., 245, Broadway, New York.
Fischer, W. L., Florist, 8th Ave. and 128th
St., New York.
Fish, Geo. T., 35, Arcade, Rochester.
Fisher, Dr. G, J., Sing Sing.
bel, Prof. C. H., College of Pharmacy,
University Building, N. Y.
Prof. S. T., Amenia, Dutchess Co.
Joseph, Rochester.
Dr. C. ©. F., Buffalo,
G. Tard, C. B., Poughkeepsie.
> rapa W.R., Poughkeepsie.
“ind” Benj. b. Utica,
* r.—, Poughkeepsie.
wuld, John S. Hater
Gros mock 92, Ciinton Pi York
- O. R,, 92, Clinton Place, New York.
Hall, 1. H., 36, Pine Street, New York.
Hallock, Prof. L. W., Bridge Hampton. Suf-
0.
Hankenson, E. L., Newark, Wayne Co,
Tpebead Prof. C. F., Cornell Univer., Ithaca.
askell, Miss C. C., Vassar College, Pough-

keepsie.
Hazeltine, Dr. G. W., Jamestown.
Healy, Dr. E. P., Medina.
camer Dr. F. M., New Castle, Westchester
Hogg, James, sath Street and East River,
Ork.
S., Wilson, Niagara Co.
Mrs. Nancy S., Binghamton.

Atheneum Library,

57

5 | Hyatt,
Both, Dr. Carl, till pext summer, Rochester. |

Hough, Franklin B., Lowville, Lewis Co.
Howard, W. J., 345, Grand Street, New York.
Howe, Dr. Elliott C., Yonkers.
Hoysroat, L. H,, Pine Plains, Dutchess Co.
Hume, Prof. Gilbert L., 261, Cumberland
Street, Brooklyn.
Hunt, Edwin, Utica.
Prof. James,
Dutchess Co.

Stanfordville P. 0O.,

| Hyatt, J. B., Morrisania.
| Jacobi, Dr. Mary Putnam, 110,W. 34th Street,

New York.

ae ohnson, Miss Amy E., Poughkeepsie.
_ Keenerg, Mrs. N. B., Le Roy, Genesee Co.

Kellerman, W. A., Ithaca.

Le Koy, P. V., Curator of Torrey and Meissner
Herbarium, Col. Coll. 49th Street, N. Y.

Lord, H. B., Ithaca.

Martin, Prof. D. S., 236, W. 4th Street, N.Y.

Maxwell, 8. M., New York.

Mcintyre, B. F., 10, Gold Street, New York.

MeNéeil, John A., Binghamton.

Merriam, Jas. S., 29, William St., New York.

Miller, E. 8., Wading River, Suffolk Co.

scuaay, Mrs. L. A., Glens Falls, Warren
Jounty,

Monks, Miss Sarah P., Cold Spring.

Morris, 0. W., Cooper Institute, New York.

Mundy, E. W., Syracuse.

Murphy, C. P., Middletown, Orange Co.

Nason, Prof. Henry B., Rens. Polytech. Inst.,

oy.
Newberry, Dr. J. S., Col. Coll., 49th Street,
New York.
Orten, Prof. James, Vassar College, Pough-
keepsie ?
Orton, Dr. J. G., Binghamton.
Osborne, Dr. C. 8., 204, Schermerhorn Street,
Brooklyn.
Paine, Rev. John A., Jr. Absent in Falestine.
Parker, Thomas J.,115, W. 16th Street, N. Y.
Parsons, S. B., Flushing, Queens Co.
Peck, Chas. H., State Botanist, Albany.
Peters, Dr. C. H. F., Clinton, Oneida Co.
Pike, Nicholas, care of J. T. Pike, 72, Wall

St., N.Y.

Pollard, F. A:, 13 and 15, City Hall Square,
New York. :

Pooley, Dr. J. H., Yonkers, Westchester Co.

Prentiss, Prof. A. N., Cornell University,
Ithaca.

Puissant, P. A., Troy.

Rockwell, Rev. Mrs. Charles, East Hampton,
Suifolk Co,

Root, Prof. Oren, Clinton, Oneida Co.

Ruger, M. C., 834, Cannon Street, N. Y.

Scofield, Samuel L., 1st Ave. and 27th Street,
New York.

Skinner, Dr. A. G., Youngstown, Niagara Co,

Smith, Prof. Ae Ing ag

Stevens, Dr. George T., Albany.

Stillwell, Chas. M., 94, Wall St., N. Y.

Sutten, G. B., Newark Valley, Tioga Co.

Sweezy, Mrs. John C., Riverhead, Suffolk Co.

Swift, Henry M., Chestnut Ridge, Dutchess
County.

Thomas, John J., Union Springs, Cay Co.

Thurber, Prof. Geo., 245, Broadway, New York.

Van Brunt, C., Poughkeepsie.

Van Gieson, one A. P., Poughkeepsie,

ss Co.

Wall, J. L., 338, 6th Ave., New York.

Ward, James W., 1, W. 47th Street, NewYork.

Ward, Dr. R. H., 53, Fourth Street, Troy,

i este, W. H., Box 2787, P, 0., New

0

58

Wibbe, ae Father Herman, Sandlake, near
A

ny.

Wilber, G. M., 140, W. 20th St., New York.

Willey, Mr.—, Principal of Acad., Suspen-
sion Bridge.

Willis, Prof. 0. R., White Plains, Westchester

Co.
Wilson, Miss D., Glens Falls, Warren Co.
Wilson, Miss M. L., Buffalo.
Winchell, Dr. Alexander, Chanc. Syrac. Univ.,
Syracuse,
Wood, Prof. Alphonso, West Farms.
Woolson, Geo. C., 245, Broadway, New York.
Wright, Dr. Samuel H., Penn-Yan, Yates Co.
Youmans, Miss Eliza, care of Prof. E. L. You-
mans, 2, E. 15th St., N. Y.
Young, Henri W., Aquebogue P. O., Suffolk
County.

NORTH CAROLINA.
Kerr, Prof. W. C., State Geologist, Raleigh.
OHIO.

Beardslee, Dr. H, C., Painesville.

Buchanan, Robert, Cincinnati.

Carter, Dr. Francis, Columbus.

Cassells, Prof. J. Lang, Hudson.

Comstock, Prof. T. B., Cleveland.

Hussey, Rev. John, Lockland, Hamilton Co.

Kirtland, Dr. Jared P., Cleveland.

Klippard, John H., Columbus.

Lesquereux, Prof, Leo, Columbus.

Loring, Dr. Starling, Columbus.

Norton, Dr. D., 167, Central Avenue,
Cincinnati.

Orton, Presd. Edward, Columbus.

Salisbury, Prof. J. H., Cleveland.

Sullivant, Jos. E., Columbus.

‘Townshend, Dr. Norton $., Columbus.

Warder, Dr. J. A., Cleves, Hamilton Co.

Warren, Rev. —, Nelsonville.

OREGON,
Nevius, Rev. R. D., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Ames, Mrs. Fanny G., Germantown.
_ Bechdolt, Robert, Bethlehem,
Hoa is che Be
ey, S e Woman’s: Coltege,
Phitadelphia, ¥
ne, H. V., Civ. and Mn. Eng., Pitts-
W .

Bourquin, J., Philadelphia.

Bridges, Dr. Robert 119, S, 20th Street,
Philadelphia. ‘

Buckhout, Wm. A., Penn. Agric, Coll.

Burk, a c, 4th and Coates Streets, Philadel-

Carson, Dr. Joseph, Philadelphia.

Carter, J. J., Lyle, Lancaster Co.

Cressman, Philip, Prin. Pub, School, Phila-
delphia.

Darrach, Dr. J., Germantown.

Davis, Miss N. J., Birmingham, Huntingdon
County.

Ennis, Prof. Jacob, Philadelphia.

Garber, A. P., Columbia, Lancaster Co.

Gentry, T. G., Sharpnack Street, German-
town.

Green, Prof. Traill, Easton.

Hassler, Dr. F. A., 4001, Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia.

Hess, Dr. Robert J., Bethlehem,

Hoopes, Josiah, West Chester.

Hunt, Dr. J. Gibbons, 123, N. 10th St., Phila-
delphia.

Jack, Dr. Louis, 16th and Locust Sts., Phila.

Jackson, Halliday, West Chester.

Kilvington, Robert, Philadelphia.

Knipe, Rev. S. W., Delaware Water Gap.

Letfman, Dr., Philadelphia.

Leidy, Prof. Joseph, 1302, Filbert Street,
Philadelphia.

Lesley, Prof. J. F., 1008, Clinton St., Phila-
delphia. :

Long, Dr. J. F., Hubblesburg, Centre Co.

Lowrie, J. R., Warriorsmark, Huntingdon
County.

Meehan, Thomas, Germantown.

Michener, Dr. Ezra, Toughkenamon, Chester

0.
Moyer, Dr. I. S., Quakertown.
Porter, Prof. Thos. C., Easton.
Ralston, Prof. J. G., Norristown.
Rau, Eugene A., Bethlehem.
Rau, Robert, Bethlehem.
Redfield, John H., 216, W. Logan Square,
Philadelphia.
Rothrock, Dr. Joseph T., West Chester.

Seal, Thomas F., Unionville, Chester Co.

Shaffer, Dr. Charles, Philadelphia. __
Sinclair, J., Lithographer, Philadelphia.
Smith, a H., 435, Liberty St., Philadel-

phia. : :
Smith, Chas. E., 216, S. 12th St., Philadelphia.
Smith, Daniel B., Germantown. f
Stauffer, Jacob, Lancaster.
Tryon, Geo. W., Jr., Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila-
eon 5 pe *
aring, W. G., Tyrone. E
Whittem, Wm. ‘A., Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia.
Wirt, I. R., McVeytown.
Wister, W. Wynne, Germantown.
Wolle, Rev. Francis, Bethlehem.
Wood, Prof. H. C., Jr., 1706, Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia. :

RHODE ISLAND.

/ Bailey, W. W., Providence.

Bennett, Jas. L., Providence.
Clark, Jas. H., Newport. ‘

Congdon, Joseph W., East Greenwich.
Hunt, George, Providence.

Olney, Stephen T., 18, Brown St., Providence.
Trippé, Miss Ella F., Providence.

SOUTH CAROLINA. >
Gibbes, L. E., Charleston.

Mellichamp, Dr. J. H., Bluffton.
Ravenel, H. W., Aiken.

TENNESSEE.
Blakie, Geo. 8., Nashville.

Branham, Prof. J. R., Brownsville College.
Curtis, Dr. Josiah, Knoxville.

TEXAS.
Buckley, S. B., Austin.
Lindheimer, Ferdinand, New Braunfels. _
Reverchon, J., Dallas. :
Young, Mrs. M. J., State Botanist, Houston. —

UTAH. ;

Townsend, J, L., Salt Lake City.

VERMONT.
Brainard, Prof. H., Middlebury College.
Brown, Mrs. A. E., Box 89, Brattleboro.
Cutting, Dr. H. A., Lunenburg.
Frost, Chas. C., Brattleboro.
Herrick, M. L., Rutland.
Perkins, Prof. Geo. H., Burlington,
Phelps, Dr. Edward E., Windsor.
Pringle, C. G., Charlotte.

VIRGINIA.
Curtiss, A. H.,Liberty, Bedford Co.

Shriver, Howard, Wytherville, Wythe Co.

Stabler, Dr. R. H., Alexandria.

WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
Smith, Prof. C., Vanconyer Seminary.

59

WISCONSIN.

Bingham, Miss Ada B., Monroe.

Copeland, Prof. H. E., White Water.

Daniells, Prof. W. W., Madison.

Douglas, Dr. James S., Milwaukee.

— Prof. D. S., Appleton, Outagamie
0,

Kumlien, Thure, Busseyville P.O.

Lapham, I, A., LL.D., Milwaukee.
Sherman, Dr. Lewis, Milwaukee.

RESIDENCE UNKNOWN.

Burbank, Prof, I. S.
| Holzer, Rev, L.
| Shattuck, Miss M. M.

Wesr InpIEs.

Blain, José, near Santa Cruz, Jurisdicion de

San Cristobal, Cuba.
Court, Dr. I., Port of Spain, Trinidad.
Dahl, Christian, St. Croix.

Gundlach, Juan (Johannes), Havana, Cuba.

_ Krebs, Henry, St. Thomas.
March, W. T., Spanishtown, Jamaica.

Morales, Dr. Sebastian Alfredo de, Calie de
Velarde, No. 5, Matanzas, Cuba.

Presas, Manuel J., ibidem.

Sauvalle, Francisco Adolfo, Habana, Cuba.

Wilson, Nathaniel, Botanic Gardens, Bath,
Jamaica,

Terms—For the Bulletin, One Dollar per annum ; For the Directory alone. 30 cents,

Local Herbarium, 3, E. 33d St.—Editor, 224, E. 10th St.
The Club rrr + boca the tast Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, at
% P.M.

; SUPPLEMENT.

Jones, Dr. M. B., Sandy Hill, Washington Co., N. Y.
Pierron, Edward, Beattie, Westmoreland Co., Pa.

Schneck, J., Mount Carmel, Ill. :
é ¢ . New Baltimore, Greene Co., N. Y.

Zabriskie, Rev. J. L., Spec. Fu

Harbour, G. P. lowa, should probably be, Har-
bonr, J. P. (of Hall and Harbour’s Rocky

Mt. Collection), Macon Co., Ill. ?
vill, Dr. J. T., Terre Haute, Ind.
Blake, Rev. Joseph, Gilmanton, N. H.
Johnson, James K.. Camden, N. J.
perry weather, Miss Annie, Camden, N. J.
n, Fred. W., Newburgh. N. Y.
_ Brinkhorn, Wm., Philadelphia, Pa.

Dunning, Joseph, Philadelphia, Pa.

Garber, Dr. A. P., State Lunatic Hospital,
Harrisburg (not pean ar Pa.

Howarth, Wright, Philadelphia, Pa. —

Hubband, Henry, Philadelphia, Pa.

Jones, Abraham, Philadelphia, Pa.

Price, Emanuel, Philadelphia, Pa,

Worley, George, Philadelphia. Pa.

Chamberlin, Prof. T. C., White Water, Wis.

Vol. IV, No. 12.] BUutLeTin oF THE TORREY BoTANicat Cius. [New York, Dec. 1873.

§ 61. The Bulletin The next number will begin the fifth volume
of our little publication. “When that volume closes we purpose
issuing an index to the five volumes, so that that portion may be
bound. Our subscribers will confer a favor by remitting 12 cents
for postage, it being very inconvenient to send our unpaid mail to
the general office. For the same reason station D is preferable for
money orders. ,

We take this occasion to reiterate our hope that some of the
more wealthy friends of science, to secure the permanency of the .
ae will endow it with a publishing fund of three thousand

ollars,

~ § 62. The Botanical Directory.—We tender our sincere thanks to
the many friends of the undertaking, who have, by their emenda-
tions and suggestions, enabled us to give a much better list of the
active botanists of this part of the world than has yet appeared.
We have considerably more than doubled the number in the Salem
Directory, published some years since. Our list was based on that,
and Mr. Putnam most kindly seconded our project. Some of the
old names we have not been able to verify, but all the new ones,
we are assured, are those of persons really interested in some branch
of the science.

_ It has occurred to us that it would be well in the next edition to
append a list of considerable general and special herbaria and libra-
ries, to facilitate references in our wide territory. We solicit con-
tributions of information on these heads, as well as corrections and
additions for the Directory proper.

§ 63. Elliottia racemosa, Muhl.—At the meeting of the Club,
October 28, specimens of iliottia were distributed. These speci-
mens were collected by Mr. P. J. Berckmans, who has discovered a
fine locality for the plant not far from bis residence near Augusta,
Georgia. “As the fruit of Hihottia is still undescribed, Mr. Berck-
mans was requested to procure specimens if possible. He writes,
on one of the last days of October, thet some of the plants are still
in flower, but that no vestige of fruit of any kind is to be found,
The plant, through the kindness of Mr. Berckmans, will soon be in
cultivation, and then we may be able to discover to what this lack
of fructification is due. : q. T

$64. New Publications, 1. Prodromi Systematis Natura-
lis Vegetabilium, Historia, Numeri, Conelusio, by Alphonso De
Candolle (from the last vol. of the Prodromus), Paris, 1873.——2.
Reflexions sur les Ouvrages Generaux de Botanique Descriptive,
by the same, Geneva, 1873. The former of these pamphlets, as its
name implies, is a brief account of the history of the Prodromus,
of the share of the various contributors to the work, and an enu-
meration of the genera (5134, Composit. 911), and species (58975-
Composit. 8561) described, a large proportion being newly deter-
mined in this great work of three generations. It was begun by
Augustin Pyramus De Candolle, who published the first vol. in
1818. The elder De Candolle died in 1841. His son Alpbonso
carried on the work, with the assistance, as before, of other botan-
ists, among whom was his son Casimir. Tiis year (1873) the last
(XVIIth) vol. was published, the whole embracing, after all, only

62

the Dicotyledons. It was found necessary at this point to bring the

undertaking to a close, “ne tertiam botunicorum generationem oe-
cideret!” The eight genera of Dicotyledons most numerous in
species are: Solanum, 915; Euphorbia, 751; Senecio, 601; Cro-
ton, 461; Phyllanthus, 447; Erica, 429; Salvia, 410; Peperomia,
389. Next tc the elder De Candolles, J. Muller and G. Bentham
contributed most, and next to these, C. F. Meissner and Dunal.
The last ten volumes contain, in fact, not a mere revision but a
complete set of monographs. In the second pamphlet, the author
reviews the general works of descriptive botany, which have
already appeared, and offers some thoughts on what method
is to be pursued hereafter. He recognizes the need of a more
profound microscopical study of the structure and evolution
of plants, which the advanced state of the science demands. He
thinks that, by distributing the task among twenty-five botanists,
the Phanerogams, estimated at 110,000 species, might be described
in about fifteen or sixteen years. In twenty or thirty years from
this time, we shall approximate so nearly to a complete knowledge
of flowering plants (at least Dicotyledons) as to make a new
description desirable. In the mean time he recommends the publi-
cation of good monographs. His father instituted a quinqujennial
prize of 500 francs for the best monograph of a genus or a family
of plants. The next prize will be decreed in September, 1874. The
Club is indebted to the distinguished author for these publications.
3. Botanical Contributions to the Proceedings of the
Am. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, by Asa Gray; 1873. (1)
Characters of New Genera and Species of Plants. We have
only room to notice: Aguilegia leptocera, var. flava, Gray, the
golden Columbine of New Mexico, etc., recognized as a distinct
Species with the name A. chrysantha: Pachystima Canbyi, Giles
Co., Va., an addition to our Eastern flora: Hosackia Torreyi, first
gathered in the Sierra Nevada by Dr. Torrey; Direa occidentalis, Cal-
fornia, (2) Notes on Composite and Characters of certain Genera
and Species, etc. Part 1. Thisis to a certain extent a commentary
on Bentham’s revision of the order.—— 4. Contributions to American
Botany, by Sereno Watson. (1) New Plants of Arizona, from the
American Naturalist. (2) On Section Avicularia of the Genus
Polygonum, from the American Naturalist. P. Torreyt was gathered
by Dr. Torrey in the Yosemite Valley. (3) Revisions of the Extra-
tropical North American Species of the Genera Lupinus, Potentilla
and Enothera, from the Proc, of Am. Acad., 1873, with copious sy2-
onomny and references, an important contribution on very difficult
subjects. Dr. Allen’s variety humifusa (Vid. Bull. Vol. 1. No. 1.)
of Gnothera fruticosa is maintained. Mr. Watson has taken a place
among our leading botanists. The synonomy and references in this
contribution present a model of thorough workmanship. —®-
Circulation of Sap in Plants,by Wm. §, Clark, President of Mass.
Agric. Coll., « mherst Record, Wednesday, Dee. 17, 1873; read at
Fitchburg, Dec, 2nd. This is essentially an account of some highly _
Interesting experiments and observations, carried on for months, —
night and day, ona great variety of trees and shrubs, particularly
Maples, Birches, and Vines, e hope it will be published jn a

63

form better adapted for preservation and with fuller details. As
for the rationale of the movement, it has been carefully studied by
others, Draper in this country and Sachs, for example, in Germany
(confer Lehrbuch, 1873), whose investigations are entitled to respect.
It is stated that Prof. Agassiz was present at the reading of this
paper and gave it his emphatic approbation. His voice was ever
prompt to encourage any direct interrogation of Nature,and botanists,
as well as others, will miss his powerful influence in favor of science.
6. The American Journal tor Nov. and Dee. contains as usual
interesting botanical notices by Dr. Gray, particularly on the carni-
voracity of Sarracenia, Drosera and Dionea. 7. In Nature, Nov.
20th, Hermann Muller elucidates the remarkable varieties of Viola
tricolor, in reference to self- or insect-fertilization.——8. Zhe American
Naturalist regularly devotes a portion of its pages to botanical
notes. As cited above, two of Watson’s Contributions were first
publishedin it. In the December number the Publishers make an
earnest appeal for more liberal support. The botanist needs to
have some intelligence of what is doing in other branches of Natu-
ral History, and nowhere will he find it so accessible as in this
handsomely printed and ably edited Monthly. If our readers _will
follow our advice, every one will subscribe to the American Natur-
alist, the American Journal of Science and Art, the American Agri-
culturist and Nature. oe
§ 65. Chenopodium leptophyllum, Nutt——In examining the
Chenopodiacew in Prof. Eaton’s herbarium, I was quite surprised
to find a specimen of C. leptophyllum, collected by him at Absecom,
N. J., “in maritimis.” It is not very rare from Colorado to New
Mexico and westward, but this is the only Eastern specimen I have
seen, I would like to call the attention of Eastern botanists to
their collections, to ascertain if it has been gathered elsewhere.

It is readily distinguishable—quite farinose, erect, slender, some-

what ‘strict; the leaves all linear, entire and short-petioled; the

flower and seeds smaller than in C. album, from which it may also
be at once known by the pericarp’s readily separating from the seed,
on rubbing between the fingers, leaving 1t smooth and shining. I
would like to see the species confirmed as an Eastern one.

I would also like to ascertain whether C. Boscianwm (C. album,
var. Boscianum of Gray’s Manual, excluding synonym C. Borlan- —
dieri,) has been found north of Pennsylvania, It ranges west to —
Kentucky and Texas. sae hae

C. album, C. Boscianum and C. Borlandieri are all good species.

Boranic GARDEN, CamBripGE, Oct. 27, Sereno Watson.

§ 66. Fertilization ofthe Yucca. —Dr. Englemann communicated to;
the Bulletin some months ago, the interesting fact that the flowers
were so constructed that self-fertilization was well-nigh impossible
and, further, that impregnation was accomplished through the agen-
cy of asmall night-moth, Pronuba Yuccasella. In connection with
this subject, it may be interesting to note that, when making botan-
ical collections in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado in 1871, I found
the Yucca angustifolia producing seed abundantly everywhere,
During my explorations the past season, though the plants were
frequently met with, I did not find one single pod of seed, though

64

the plants had evidently flowered. True, I was not in the exact
localities of the former year, and could not say positively the same
plants seeding then were not seeding now, but I presume this was

the case. Was the insect Pronuba Yuccasella absent last year?
: THomas MEEHAN,
§ 67. New Species of Fungi, by W. R. Gerarv. Wo. JZ. °

Septoria Noli-tangeris. 7. sp.—Spots roundish or oblong, brown
_ perithecia minute, black, aggregated in centre of spots; spores
thread-shaped, hyaline, .0006’—.0008" long.

_ On leaves of Impatiens Baisamina, in gardens, September,
Poughkeepsie, a as

_ Septoria maculosa. 2. sp.—Spots roundish or elongated, whit-
ish; perithecia black, very minute, densely crowded, spores thread-
shaped, hyaline, .001’—.0016' long.

On leaves of Cuphea viscosissima, Poughkeepsie, October.

Diplodia Thorniana. ». sp.—Perithecia globose, black, con-
fluent, bursting through the fissured bark. Spores broadly oval,
uniseptate, brown, .0008—.001'x.00043..

On dead branches of Symphoricarpus racemosus, in garden of S.
Thorn, Esq., Poughkeepsie, July.

Peziza fusicarpa. . sp.—Cup hemispherical, sessile, ochreous,
externally clothed with minute hairs, margin involute. Hymenium
at first ochreous, at length dark brown. Spores narrowly elliptical
or fusiform, binucleate, 0015'x.0005.. Paraphyses clavate, at
length filled with dark-brown granules. —

_ Among mosses, July—September, Poughkeepsie.

Peziza pulchra. n. sp.—Cup sub-hemispherical, stipitate, ex-
ternally smooth, pale cream-colored, disk orange-yellow ; stipé at-
tenuated downward. Spores oval, .0095'x.0003’.

_ Among decaying leaves, under pines, Poughkeepsie, August.

_Hysterium magnosporium. n. sp.—Perithecia superficial, ellip-
tic, longitudinally striate. Spores broadly elliptical, obtuse, dark-
brown, 7-septate, with a large globose nucleus in each cell, .0023 x

In this species the spores are not equally divided . the three septa
forming the two middle cells are always much wider apart than the
others.
On decorticated branches of hickory trees. Poughkeepsie.
Hypomyces Van-8runtianus. n. sp.—Perithecia globose, dense-
ly crowded, pallid, hygrophanous, immersed, with a short, thick,
exserted, obtuse mouth,subiculum white. Spores hyaline, oblong,
shortly apiculate at the broad end and obtusish at the other, -0006
x.0002. Asci cylindrical. che
On pileus, stipe and gills of an unknown Agaricus, Poughkeepsie,
October. a
Nore—In first series of Fungi, page 48, read Peziza chrysoph-
thalma, not “ chrisophthalma.” woo ee

Terms —One doilar per annum, beginning with the Jani Figs , nical. Directory
alone, 30 cents. Back volumes on hand. si tena dat al castles age

| Local Herbarium, 3, E, 33d St. —Editor 224, E, 10th St.
The Club “ renin the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, at Tr ae

° i e 4

Bavela dr Al JN

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB.

Vol. V.1 New York, January,1874. [No. 1.

___§ 68 Rege! on the Species of Vitis—E. Regel, in Garten Flora ;
efor J uly 28, 1878, publishes a revision of the species of Vitis from
North America, Northern China and Japan. Our grapes have
_ always been a puzzle to botanists, and it may interest the readers
_ of Tax Burierin to see what disposition has been made of our
Species by one who studies them in comparison with those from
countries nearly related botanically. ;

Taking the species as they are enumerated in Torr. & Gray’s FL
N. Amer., I give in brief Regel’s views of them.

V. bipinnata, Torr. & Gray’s Fl., I., p. 243, he hasas V. arborea,

Inn, ae :

V. incisa, Nutt., in Torr. & Gray, is left undisturbed. ;

V. indivisa, Willd., is placed as V. heterophylla, var. a, cordata.

VY. Labrusca, in its many forms, is disposed of in three varieties :
&, typica, f, estvalis and y, lanata, the first two of which have
several sub-varieties. In his arrangement V. candicans, Englmn.,
in Smithson. Contrib. IIL, 5, p. 32, and V. mustangensis, Buckl.,
in Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 451, would both be V. Labrusca a,
_ lypica,c, ficifolia, and our V. estivalis Michx.; Torr. & Gray, is
V. Labrusca, 8, westivalis.

V. zestivalis, Michx; Torr. & Gray: See V. Labrusca.

V. cordifolia, Michx; Torr. & Gray: See V. vulpina. _

V. riparia, Michx.; Torr. & Gray, was by Dr. Gray in his Manual
reduced to a variety of V. cordifolia, and Regel has it as V.
vulpina, &, riparia.’ a

_V. vulpina, Linn.; Torr. & Gray, Regel makes four varities,
his var. a, rotundifolia includes our V. vulpina, and our V. cordi-
_ folia is his var. f. : : no
The following is Regel’s conspectus of our species, which will .
_ Serve to show, in brief, the characters upon which his classification

Is based: : ee
_ A. Inflorescence cymose, Petals spreading in flower, soon decidu-
ous, .
| a. Cymes from opposite the leaves from the shoots of the
current year.
_ _ * Leaves pinnate or pinnately compound.

1. Vitis arborea, L. , :
** Lower leaves three-lobed, upper three-foliolate,
%. Vitis incisa, Nutt.
** Leaves entire or palmately lobed.

8. Vitis heterophylla, Thunb. |
-__-b, Cymes from the branches of previous years.

2

4. Vitis inconstans, Mig. (Japan and Himalayan sp.)

B. Inflorescence thyrsoid, paniculate or rarely racemose; petals
cohering into a calyptra which falls at flowering.

a. Leaves more or less hirsute on the veins below, or rarely
all smooth.

5. Vitis vulpina, L.

b. Leaves all, or at least the younger, densely tomentose on
the lower surface. -

6. Vitis Labrusca, L.

The wonderful tendency of our vines to vary under cultivation ©
seems to belong to them in the wild state, and one who has buta
small suite of specimens is likely to be much more positive in his
determinations than those who have collections made from widely-
separated localities,

Since the above was in type we learn from a note in the Garden-
er’s Chronicle that Dr. Regel considers Vitis vinifera to be a
hybrid between V. Labrusca and V. vulpina. He bases this
opinion upon the fact that V. vinifera is not found in a truly wild
state, but only as an escape from cultivation, and that these species
are natives of the countries where the cultivated grape originated.
It may be remembered that our grape growers who have experl-
mented in the production of hybrids have found V. vulpina the
most intractable of all in this respect. eae

§ 69 Two New Fungi from New Jersey.—Some time ago Mr. J.
C. Martindale sent me Specimens of the common dodder, Cuscuta
Gronovii Willd. that were much hypertrophied. -Whole clusters
of the flowers were swollen and elongated and parts of the stems
were much enlarged. The affected clusters were of a paler color
than the unaffected, though in some cases the process of decay had
advanced so far that the diseased plants had become dark-colored
and were supporting a crop of that almost omnipresent blackish
mold, Cladosporium herbarum Lk. The inner. tissues of the af-
fected plants were all broken up, or destroyed, and the cavities
filled by innumerable fungus spores, which in the mass were of a
whitish color, but under the microscope wefe seen to consist of @
pale or yellowish endochrome surrounded by a thick hyaline eps .—
pore. Here was the secret of the strange appearance of the dod- the
der. Tt was nourishing a parasite within itself that was preys
upon its vitals. I do not find the epidermis ruptured in any of the
specimens, from which it is probable that the fungus spores must
wait for their liberation and dissemination till the decay of the ev
closing walls of their habitation takes place. This fungus is refer-
able to the genus Protomyces, but is peculiar by reason of the x
abundant formation of spores in all parts of the affected plant. |

Deeming it a new species, I take great pleasure in dedicating ”
to its discoverer. es

Protomyces Martindalei P%.—Host plant swollen, slightly dis-
colored ; spores abundant, produced in all parts of the host plant,
al ways covered, globose, whitish in the mass, .0006—.0007 inch
in diameter, epispore thick, hyaline. ;

3

Hab. Cuscuta Gronovii Willd. Near Camden, New Jersey,
‘Sutumn, <
Another scarcely less interesting fungus has been received from
Mr. J. B. Ellis. It is a Reestelia on the leaves of Pyrus arbutifolia
L. It is remarkable for its effect upon the leaf tissues, forming
them into a much thickened and peculiar subiculum, and, in the
language of Mr. Ellis, “ often transforming a leaf into a tubercular
mass after the manner of Podisoma on the red cedar.” This subi-
culum is composed of crowded subcylindrical or cornute projec-
tions united at the base in a common mass, each one bearing a
single peridium at its apex. I suspect that these projections may
be less prominent in fresh specimens. They are strongly sugges-
tive, by their form not their texture, of the elongated peridia of
Restelia cornuta Tul., while the true peridia, that surmount them,
are lacerated into such fine filaments as to be suggestive of the
peristomal fringe seen on the capsules of some species of Barbula.
{do not find this fungus described and, from the notes of Mr. Ellis
and an examination of the dried specimens, have drawn up a de-
Scription under the very appropriate name given by its discoverer.
Reestelia transformans Ellis.— Spots red; subiculum much
thickened, produced into tufts of crowded subcylindrical or cor-
hute processes, red or brownish, sometimes transforming an entire
leaf; peridia at the apices of the projections of the subiculum,
finely lacerated, whitish, the cells linear, minutely papillose ;
Spores subglobose, minutely roughened, brownish, .00065—.00075
Inch in diameter.
Hab. Leaves of Pyrus arbutifolia L. Newfield, New Jersey.
October. f C. H. Prox.

§ 70. New Fungi, by E. C. Hows, Yonkers, N. Y.

1. Puccinia curtipes, n. sp.—Spots pallid or brownish; sori
Scattered, more or less confluent, roundish or oblong, surrounded
by the broken epidermis. Spores light brown, elliptical apiculate,
usually marked with delicate striw. Pedicels short or wanting.
Both sides of the leaves of Saxifraga.—May. June. :

2. Uromyces Peltandrz, n. sp.—Spots yellowish brown; sori
_ Scattered, sometimes confluent, roundish or oblong; spores yellow- —
Ash brown, oblong elliptical or subglobose, apiculate or tipped with —

an umbo. Pedicels short, often rudimentary but always present.
aves of Peltandra.—Summer and Autumn.

3. Podosphzria minor, n.sp.—Conceptacles scattered or crowded ;
appendages 10-20, as long or a little longer than the diameter ot
the conceptacles, Leaves of Spirwa,—Oct. e

4. Microsphzria Symphoricarpi, n. sp.—Mycelium effused, sub-
‘persistent ; conceptacles scattered or crowded; appendages 8-16,
2-4 times the Jength of the diameter of the conceptacles, 3-5 times
dichotomous, ramuli divaricate, tips variable, often trancate, never
curved , sporangia 4-6 with 3-5 spores. Leaves of Symphoricar-
bus. Nov. .

__5. Microspheria Menispermi, n. sp.—Mycelium webby, effused,
Often evanescent; conceptacles scattered or gregarious, minute,

4 >

globose; appendages 10-20, about as long as the diameter of the
conceptacles ; sporangio 5-6 with 3-6spores. Leaves of Menisper-
mum. Oct.—Related to M. Alni by its bicornute ramuli.

6. Microspheria Platani, s. p.—Mycelium evanescent; con-
ceptacles minute, globose, scattered ; appendages 10-18, longer than
the diameter of the conceptacles, tips of the ramuli strougly curved ;
sporangia 4-5 with 4-5 spores. Leaves of Platanus. Oct.—A dis-
tinct and beautiful species. ;

7. Uncinula helic:formis, n. sp—Mycelium. obscure ; concepta-
cles scattered, minute, globose ; appendages 15-30, once or twice
the length of the diameter of the conceptacles, spirally coiled above,
colored at base; sporangia 4-6 with 3-6 spores. Leaves of Populus
balsamifera.—Oct. :

$ 71. Catalogue of Suffolk Co. Plants—Mr. E. 8, Miller, of Wa-
ding River, and Mr. H. W. Young, Aquebogue P. O., Suffolk Co.;
N. Y., the enterprising and sagacious young botanists of the 7
end of Long Island, have- here collected a list of 871 species ee
plants found in what is not usually considered a fertile portion 0
the State. More than nine-tenths of these have been collected by
themselves within the last two or three years, and such is ee .
activity that we have no doubt that they will continue to :
largely to the number for some years to come, especially as “s per
are many plants not yet on the list which might be . expect she
occur, as, to take for example a lacuna which presents itself . :
very first order, Actea and Cimicifuga, the former of which be
are tolerably sure of having found at Miller’s Place not es! a
from Wading River, while Cimicifuga abounds on this end of pee
Island. © On the other hand, they find quite a number of species,
never before found in the State, or very rarely, and some pepe eS
forms. The latest discovery we believe is that by Mr. — ye es
Bromus tectorum, U., a European grass never betore reporte an 7
this country. Those who would like to study this Catalogue ca -
obtain it from either of the editors for ten cents. We notee BE 7
error in the title, as the list does not include all the acrogenous species;
ending with Lycopodiacexe and omittin g the Muscal Alliance.

5 72. Botanical Directory.]

ADDITIONS. hicag®) 4
Bibbins, R. K. Plattville, Kendall Co., Ill. { Munroe, H. F., 781, W. Jackson St., C woe
Briggs, S. A., Englewood, Ill. Diatomaceae. Ih. d
Clarke, Mrs. —, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Page, Miss Ann L., Danvers, Mass.

Hadaway, Mr. —, Stony Brook, Suffolk Co., | Putnam, C. A., Salem, Mass. Cults
N.Y : Putnam, Francis, Salem, Mass. Cult.

Mill, C. P., Estonville, Philadelphia, Pa. Sears, J. H., Danvers, Mass. Spec. 27s. —
Miller, F. A. (Miller & Sievers), San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
‘ ’ CORRECTIONS, sees
Bebb, M. S. m1. Spec. Cutt. Salices, Knighton, Rev. Dr. Frederick, Cranbury:
abcock, H. H., 11, 18th St., Chicago, tu. ae t—n0
Darby, Dr, John, Millersburg, K. ast Lyons, Dr. A. B., 54, Fort Street Wes =
Errington, Miss H. N., Clifton, Richmond W. Detroit. ’ den, N-
Co., N. Y. Spec. Californian. Parker, Chas. F., 524, N. 2d St., hog name
; on, Miss G.; N. Y. Spec. Staten Putnam, F. W., not a botanist, but ralists!
Isiand. : is kept in on account of the Waturalis’>
Fuller, Chas. B., Me. Marine Algae, Agency which. is of interest to botal ee
Gillman, Henry, 80, Elizabeth St. West—not | Rauch, Dr. J. H., Ill. Not active. — 60., P
,,._ West Detroit. : : ; Smith, Dr. George, Darby, Delaware 2,
Howland, Mrs. Francis, Englewood, N, J. 2h

Ea., Del.
‘Warne, ids, Oneida, N.Y.

’

5

§ 73. New Localities—Miss Mary C. Reynolds reports shaving
found Lygodium paimatum, Swartz, the last season, in Hunter
Greene Co., N. Y. We have not heard of any other locality in our
State. Mr. I. H. Hall sends us aspecimen of Gentiana Saponaria,
L., from Cresskill, N. J., a species new to our catalogue.

§ 74. Additions to the Bryology of the United States, by;Chas. Mohr.

NO. I.

Notes on the Bryology of Oregon, with description of two new

species, by Prot. Dr. Kart Murtier, Halle.

THE mosses of Oregon are yet but little known, and the amount
of our knowledge appears still smaller when compared with the
great progress made in the last ten years regarding the bryological
flora of California, chiefly due to the zeal of Mr. Bolander and the
researches of Prof. Lesquereux. By them an entirely new botanical
region has been laid open, full of the highest interest, not only from
the acquisition of manifold new forms, but also from the develop-

ment of important and peculiar facts relating to the distribution of
‘Species on this continent. What has been brought to light from

Oregon has also added much to our knowledge of the mosses of the

western coast of the United States, and points to a field promising
rich rewards to the investigator in the discovery of forms not only
new to this country, but new to science, and characteristic of that
part of the Pacific region. woe

_ Notwithstanding the large preponderance of species Oregon has
42 common with Europe and the number of exclusively northwest-
ern species it shares with other parts of the Pacific coast, every
collector since the. time of Menzies has made additions of new forms,
many peculiar to that State, and much more is to be expected from |
the efforts of future explorers. This has been evinced anew by the

_ discovery of three new species in a small collection of mosses made

by the Rey. R. D. Nevitis, near Portland, Oregon. I handed ‘the
Same over to Dr. K. Mueller, for examination, and he had the kind-
ness to send me the manuscript of his description of two of the same,

_to be published in one of our journals. The description of the third

he has deferred until the arrival of more perfect specimens. Recog-
hizing it, undoubtedly, as a proper species, he called it Hypnum
pseudo-sericeum. :

1. Mnium (Zwnnium) Nevii, C. Miller, x. sp. Hermaphroditum,
cespites laxi inferne fusco-tomentosi subhumiles; caulis simplex
inferne fusco-radiculosus gracilis, apice clavato solum_ imbricato-
foliosus virescens ; folia caulina erecto-conferta regulariter se tegen-
tia erispatula vel margine undulata, madore reflexo-patula et carno-

Sula, e basi decurrente serie cellularum angustarum unica formata

_ breviter cuneata late ovata vel orbiculata, acumine brevi acuto pler-
_ umnque reflexo terminata, dentibus elongatis plus minus erectis vel re-

_ Slexis ciliformibus jimbriata, nervo in aristulam excedente, cellu-

say parvis hexagonis regularibus viridissimis chlorophyllosis,

_ timbo lato flavido; perich, pauca parva lanceolato-acuminata inte-

va ignota.

B
gerrinta, limbo e cellularum serie unica efformato apice soliim cineta,
e cellulis elongatis laxis apice hexagonis paucis densiorilbus retiou,
lata; thecee in pedunculis flavidis flexnosis pendule cylindraceo—ob-
long basi imcrassate ; peristomium normale. Opercula et calyptre
ignota,

Patria.—Portland, Oregon, vere 1873, Rev. Dr. R. D. Nevius.

Notis accuratius designatis primo visu cognoscendum. Mn.
cuspidatum affine facile distinguitur; ramis sterilibus reptantibus,
fertilibus laxe et valde patule foliosis, foliis tenuissime limbatis bre-
viter dentatis fructibusque turgide ovalibus. x

Norr. Lately a few fine specimens with operculate capsules not
quite matured have arrived which admit the following description
of the operculum: Operculo hemispherico-conico, mamillato, pal-
lide flavido ore aurantiaco annullato, (C. Mohr)—thus giving the
description complete in all essential parts.

2.Grimmia (Dryptodon) Nevii, C. Miller, n. sp. Dioica laxe
cespitosa at'o-viridis vel nigricans; caulis longiusculus gracilis
inferne folits difractis nudiusculus,per innovationem parce et breviter —
ramulosus, ramulis supremis incurvulis foliosis; folia caulina ap-—
presso imbricata vel parum patula, e basi parum decurrente oblonga —
late ligulacea obtusata, valde concava, margine infero plus minus —
revoluto integerrima, apiculi dentibus nonnullis remotis brevibus
angulate eroso-denticulata, nervo latiusculo canaliculato in strias
veluti dissoluto ante apicem evanido percursa, e cellulis carnosulis
virilissimis parietibus undulatis instructis quadratis papillosis chlo-
rophyllosis areolata; perich, semivaginantia oblongo-lanceolata
acuminata integerrima plicatula, exteriora evanidinervia, interiora
enervia, omnia valde concava e cellulis tenuibus pellucidis rectangu- ——
laribus angustis reticulata; theca in peduneulo brevissimo curvulo
majuscula ovalis badia submacrostoma, dentibus obtusis rubris leur * —
bus in crura duo cohcerenta fissis crasse articulatis carnosulis. Cxte-

Patrva.—Portland, Oregon, vere 1873, Rev. Dr. R. D. Nevius. a
Planta mascula foeminex simillima, andreciis nonnullis turgidis
coloratis secus caulem dispositis, antheridiis magnis clavatis epara
physatis, foliis perigonialibus e basi late ovata laxe reticulata aul
antiaca breviter oblongis vel ligulaceo—obtusatis angulate dentict: —
latis, interioribus brevissime acuminatis obtusiusculis integris, omnl —
bus evanidinervibus. Quoad foliorum formam Grimmie acieular
affinissima, sub hee species primo intuito differt : pedunculo elon-
gato cellulisque foliorum dolioliforme-rotundis. ae
_Scanty as the material at our command is, at this day, for ¢*
hibiting the features of the bryological flora of Oregon, it will not
be without interest to trace the same as far as it is. possible, by
the data which the valuable Catalogue of Pacifie Coast Mosses,
by Prof. Lesquereux, offers.* One of its most striking and prom
nent characters is its close relation to the bryology of Europe;
another, not less remarkable, is the almost total want of connec:
tion with the Eastern part of this continent. The absence %
Ree ere et

* Memoirs of California Academy of Science, Vol, J, Part 1.

’

*f

any exclusively Eastern North American: genus and the scarcity of
species typical of that region in Western North America, have,
years ago, been pointed out by the above author as one of the most
curious and interesting facts relating to the geographical distribu-
tion of mosses on this continent. *

Two species of Hypnum, H. orthocladum and Hf letum, are known
at present as the sole representatives of typical Eastern North
American forms. ;

According to the enumerations in that work, of the two hundred
and sixty-five species known from the Pacific coast of North
_ America, one hundred and twenty-two are mentioned as_having
been found in Oregon. Included are those collected in Vancou-
ver’s Island (which is to be considered within the limits of the same
botanical province) by Lyall, and the few species from the British
possessions by the older English collectors, which may safely be
expected to be met with in the mountainous and northern parts of

the State. Adding the Fontinalis antepyretica, var. Neo Mexicana,
-Sulliv and Lesq., lately found by Dr. Barret in the Hood river, O.,
and the three new species introduced here, the whole number of
Species known at present from Oregon would be one hundred and
_ twenty-six (eighty-four acrocarpous and forty-two pleurocarpous).
Of this number, eighty-six, or nearly seventy per cent., are European
Species (sixty-seven acrocarpici and twenty pleurocarpici). Fifty-
three of the same are also common in Eastern North America,
mostly of a wide distribution in the temperate and colder zones of
the globe. Eighteen are common to Europe and California,’and
fitteen European species have yet been found on this continent
solely in Oregon, the greatest part typical European forms be-
_ longing to the more temperate zones of Europe, as, v. 2. : Dicranum
albicans, D. strictum, Leptotrichum flexicaule, Barbula princeps:
(LB. Mulleri, Breh), Tayloria serrata, Bryum longicollum and
Mnium medium. : sar

_ The number of exclusively Western North American species 1s
thirty-seven, or thirty per cent (sixteen acrocarpous and twenty-
one pleurocarpous). :

Of these, the following nineteen can be regarded as peculiar to
the moss flora of Oregon. Barbula rubiginosa, Grimia cDEype:
— don) Wevit (inter Racomitrium). Zygodon ceespitosa trom p
couver Island, Orthotrichum consimile and O. Columbianum from
the same locality, Mniwm Neviz, Bryum Oreganun, Dichelyma
uncinatum, Hookeria anomala, Hypnum laxifolium H. reniol-
ifolium, H. apocladum, H. lentum, H. declivum, H, Oreganum, +
turfaceum, H. robustum, H. collinum, Schw. (sterile from Califor-
nia) H. pseudo-sericeum, 7. sp., C. Mill.

Pe Sa

* Transactions of the’American Philosophical Society, Phila., June, 1862.

8

The following table will exhibit the distribution of the mosses
found in Oregon more clearly :

Incomm’n with| g Ex. W.N.
Europe, 86 va American,
Species. EB 38 Spec.
a Rees ae
Sig. 2
lAHI48 |. 128 6 :
< ola | om 3
Genera found in Oregon Zz PRI (mei 38
with number of Species | 7 | .9 | 2 | .® | 6
in each Genus. Bee Oe ae
. . Soj{fyuleg Sine =
Fs oe
3) o@ o Ae aa al
E/EE|e\se| & | #
Bla’ |a@|B°| 6% 165
1 :
5 2 3
OE :
1 ee
6. Tennnchea; we es 1 ‘ i
7. Trichostomum...... 2 : 1
8. Distichium..... cers a eee |
9. Desmatodon........1 1
10. Barbula..-ss06353.4 ) 7 2 1
Th, Oriana. ....2. 55.6 FS 2 1 1
12, Racomitrium....... 5] 92 1 1 1
13. Hedwigia......... Peed Oe
a ——— Setiersl pee . 1
; Zyeodon 2660.55. 1 x
16, Ulowa Ma tae brew awe t 1 Acrocarpous. |
So) MTy Orthrichuim: . 2-2... Slits 2
ao. Potranhie ssc... : 5 J: cee Ga |
19, Eucalypta........ wet
Way liribe 2 or 1 1
fs 1, Fuanaria....... ag age :
oy MD ss cc 6 1 3 1
918 14 1
&
26. 2 1
a fen af
me 30. Poivirichadeipinaa = nak 1
32 Spence ee dl
33, Dichelyma,......__-1 1
34° Neckera. 62.2. 2
35, AT ee 2
36, Antltrichia ‘eteesege by k
. Hoo cess Seay ah ‘ ; 1 :
38. Hypnum ........-/34 | 10 81-2 . 5 10 | Pleurocarpous.
_ Whole number of | :
Species..........196 | 53| 18 [35 2 19 |» |

+ Trichostomum corniculatum found alsoin Kamtchatka.
$B. rubiginosa N. W. America, by Dougias.

erme—one Dollar ps. onan Depinsing withthe January munder. For die.
. s. Back volumes on hand.

Local Naialen 3, £ 33d St Editor, 224, EB loth St.

Vol. ¥, No. 2,] Bunierin or THe Torrey Boranicat Ciup. [New York, Feb,, 1874,

$75. Variations.—I saw in the Bulletin a notice of an Iris
which changed its color. Ihave in my little garden a root of J.
Germanica, a fleur-de-lis of the white variety. There are no
blue ones in the neighborhood that. I know. Four years ago
_ one of the outer divisions of the perianth of one flower was dark
blue. The next year one whole flower was dark blue, two other
flowers on the same stalk were white. Inthe following year all
the flowers on one stalk were blue, and all the flowers on the other
stalks white. This year it bore only white flowers.
Tam led to question the permanence of single variations (but
not the permanence of the forms of variation) from haying been
unable to procure the same variety for two seasons in succession
in the same place, Forinstance, our common Sensitive Fern varies
into var. obtusilobata, but the variation is not permanent. I often
find it, and once found a large bed of it, in every possible inter-
mediate form. ‘he next year going to look for some Adder-tongue
ferns growing near, I looked earefully for the obtusilobata, but
_ not one appeared. Some remarkable variations of Aspidium aeros-
tichoides T have found the second year perfect forms of our finest
evergreen fern. The Adder-tongue fern too varies very much. On —
the high cold sand plains of North Elba it is two or three inches
_ high and perfectly orbicular. _In Elizabethtown, Essex County, I
_ foundit ten inches high, ovate and very fine. Here it is quite plen-
_ ty inswamps and pastures, but is so slender and acute as to be diffi-
_ eult of detection among the grass. : L. A. M,
$76. Apocynum.—I have been much interested in your notes on
Apocynum. [It grows abundantly about us and I have made it a
point to observe it. I have repeatedly found insects caught by the
flowers, mostly small coleoptera; they were all dead when [ ob-
served them. The flowers are visited by the common rose beetle
among otier insects. This beetle is very destructive to many of
_ our wild flowers this year—the Azalea viscosa, Ceanothus Ameri-
¢ana, and Pogonia ophioglossoides being all subject fo its ravages. —
In reading Daryin’s “ Loves of the Flowers” I find the following, —
which may be of interest in the above connection. “Inthe Apocy-
“num androsemifolium the anthers converge over the nectaries,
“which consist of five glandular oval corpuscles surrounding the —
_ “germ, and at the same time admit air to the nectaries at the mter-
~“Stices between each anther. But when a fly inserts its proboscis
“between these anthers to plunder the honey, they converge closer,
“and with such violence as to detain the fly, which thus generally -
“perishes. This account was related to me by R. W. Darwin, Esq., —
“of Elston, in Nottinghamshire, who showed me the plant in flower,
“July 2d, 1788, with a fly thus held fast by theend of its proboscis,
2 on wastrel secon by a magnifying lens, and which in vain repeated- 3
“ly struggled to disengage itself, till the converging anthers were
_ “separated by means of a pin; on some days he had observed that _
“almost every flower of this elegant plant had a fly init thusen- —
“tangled; and a few weeks afterwards favored me with hisfurther =
_ “observations on this subject. pe
_ “*My Apocynum is not yet out of flower. Ihave often visited it

10

“and have trequently found four or five flies, some alive, and some
“dead, in its flowers; they are generally caught by the trunk or
“ proboscis, sometimes by the trunk and a leg; there is one at pres-
“ent only caught by a leg; I don’t know that this plant sleeps, as
“the flowers remain open in the night; yet the flies frequently make
“their escape. In a plant of Mr. Ordoyno’s, an ingenious gardener
“ at Newark who is possessed of a great collection of plants, I saw
‘many flowers of an Apocynum with three dead flies in each ; they
“are a thin bodied fly, and rather less than the common house-fly ;
“but I have seen two or three other sorts ol flies thus arrested by
the plant, August 12, 1788’. ” W. W. Batey.

Provivence, R. I. x

§ 77. Sandwich Island Mosses.—Collected by H. Mann and W.
T. Brigham. Named by W.S. Suniivant, (May, 1872.)

1. Dicranella exilis, (. sp.)—Caule 2-3 lineari, foliis erecto-paten-
tibus rigidis ex ovato longe sensim anguste acuminatis, cellulis ob-
longis uniformibus levibus, costa lata ad apicem et ultra continua,
capsula erecta oblongo-elliptica, opereulo zequilongo obliquo, anaulo
speciosa, pedicello 3-lineari, peristomio dicranoideo, calyptra gene-
ris.—Kuala Mountains, Oahu.

2. Dicranum premorsum (n. sp.) —Robustum elatum tomentoso-
contextum ; foliis erecto patentibus longe lineali-lanceolatis convo-
lutis apice extremo lobato-truncatis ibidemque grossius serratis,
cellulis angustis interruptis, illis alaribus subquadratis brunnels,
costa tenui subindistincta dorso superne lenissime serrata, pet!
chetialibus alte vaginantibus filiformi-acuminatis, capsula elongato-
cylindracea erecta stricta leniterve curvula, operculo subulato-
rostrato, peristomio et calyptra generis——Mount «ins of West Maul.

8. Trematodon longicollis, 2ich.—Waiulua Mountains, Oahu.

4. Campylopus flexuosus, var:—valleys of West Maui. _

5. Campylopus exasperatus, Brid.—Highlands of Hawaii.

6. Ceratodon purpureus, Brid.—Hualalui, Hawaii, 6,000 ft. alt.

_7. Leucobryum gracile (x. sp.)—A Leucobryo minore simillimo
distinctum foliis paulo minoribus, pedicellis graciloribus longior!
bus, capsulis brevioribus magis cernuis distinctius strumosis, et¢.—
Woods, Oahu

8. Leucobryum falcatum, C. Muli—Oahu.

9. Encalypta ciliata, Hedw.—Hualului, Hawaii, 6,000 ft. alt.

10. Racomitrium lanuginosum, var.—Mauua Loa, Hawaii5.000-
1,300 ft. alt. ;

11. Macromitrium Reinwardtii, Sc/egr.W oods, Oahu.

12. Macromitrium piliferum, Se/zoyr.—On rocks, Oahu.

13. Funaria hygrometrica. Hedw.—Hualului, Hawaii,6,000 ft.alt.

» 3

14, Bartramia rigida, var.—\Woods, Hilo, Hawaii.

15, Bartramia Marchica, var.—Caulibus ramulisque minus gT&

. . 5
pedicello breviore, ete.

16. Bryum argenteum, Zinn.—Hualulai, Hawaii, 6,000 ft. alt. —
17, Mnium giganteum, Sshiyr.—Oalhu ! ee.
18. Rhizogonium spiniforme, Bruch.—Woods, Hilo, Hawaii. —
19. Rhizogonium spiniforme, var. fuliis brevioribus, etc,

cilibus, foliis oblongioribus citius acutatis, costa vix excurrente,

1

_ 20. Rhizogonium spiniforme, var. elatum ?—Woods, Oahu.

21. Rhacopilum tomentosum, Brid —Woods, Oahu.

22. Rhacopilum tomentosum, var.? an species nova.— Woods,
Kona, Hawaii.

23. Mniadelphus paradoxus, C. Miill.—Oahu.

24, Meteorium trichophorum, Mont-—Woods, Oahu.

25. Meteorium illicebrum, Nees.—Hawaii.

26. Neckera dendroides, Hook.—Oahu.

27. Hypnum plumosum, Zinn.—Hualui, Kauai.

28. Hypnum gracilisetum, Hoh. & R.—Oahu.

29. Hypnum pungens, Hedw.—Kona, Huanai, Oahu.

50. Hypnum Bonplandii, Hook. ?—Oahu.

31. Hypum Draytoni, Swiliv.

32. Hypum Wilkesianum, Sud/iv.—Oahu.

33. Hypnum paucipilum (x. sp.)—Dioicum minuseulum delica-
tulum nitidum; caule repente pinnato, foliis oblongo-lanccolatis
longe filiformi-attenuatis decurvo-faleatis tenuissimis, a medio ad
apicem serratis basi brevissime bicostellatis, cellulis angustissimis,
alaribus 2-8 utrinque vesiculiformibus, perichaetialibus erectis, cap-
sula oblonga annulata horizontali, pedicello gracilescente, operculo
oe rostrato, calyptra cuculliformi pilis paucis longis conspersa.—

ahu,

34, Hypnum Pickeringii, SwJ/iy.—Oahu.

35. Hypnum molliculum, Sudliv.—Oahu.

36. Hypnum apertum, Suwlliv.

37. Thuidium cymbifolium, D. é Mik.— Woods, Kona, Hawaii.

38. Thuidium delicatulum, Hedw.

$78. New Publications.—1. Flora Foussile del? Etna, per Fran-
cesco ‘lornabene, Casinese Professore di Botanica alla Regia Uni-
versita di Catania, ed ivi Diretiore del R. Orto Botanico, Catania,
1859. Small quarto, pp. 147, with 10 lithographic plates. Pre-
sented to the Club by Dr. C. H. F. Peters, director of the Litchfield
Observaiory of Hamilton College (and, by the way, the original
copy presented to Dr. Peters by the author). This is an account,
principally in Italian, of the fossil flora of Mt. Etna, the technical
descriptions of the plants and of the plates being in Latin; with an -
introduction setting forth the general scope of the work, a prelim-
inary chapter on the origin of the rocks and earths, and another —
interesting chapter on the botanical stations and distribution of -
plants on the mountain; and on the process of formation of the
fossil flora. A general abstract of these introductory chapters
would be very instructive, if space would permit. : nee

‘The author accompanies his descriptions of the fossil plants with
observations upon the kindred living species, and seems to have
neglected no source of information regarding his subject, drawing
largely upon the observations of foreign travelers and geologists.

Naturally the fossil flora on the sides of a still active volcano
differs materially from that of old extinct terrains; as the deposits
of lava, stones and ashes on its slopes suffer such varied disintegra-
tions, and allow such multiplied effects to be produced by the |

12

percolations of water. Consequently, much of the fossil flora has —
both near relatives and living representatives.

Among the fossil plants enumerated are Pistacia Terebinthus,
L., and var. ovalifolia, Tornabene, P. lentiscus, L., P. Sicula,
Tornabene, P. Bossoni, Tornabene, Prunus spinosa, Duhamel,
Rubus Dalmaticus, Tratt (R. fruticosus, var. Dalmaticus, De
Candolle et auctores alteri), 2. tomentosus, Willd., Pyrus com-
munis, L., Myrtus communis, L., and var. Jtalica, L., var.
Romana, L., M. latifolia, Tornabene; Vitex agnus-castus, L.,
and var. latifolia, Tornabene; Laurus nobilis, L.

-2. The Circulation of Sap in Plants, by W. 8. Clark, Pres.
Mass. Agric. Coll., Boston, 1874. This lecture was noticed in our
.. It is now published in pamphlet form, with fuller —

etails. ae

3. The Flora of Chicago and Vicinity. Supplementary.
H. H. Babcock, reprinted from the Zens; about fifty additional
species or varieties are here added, the most interesting of which
are the willows, particularly S. cordata, var. glaucophylla, and
S. adenophylia, Hook.

4. Schedule of Prizes offered by the Mass. Hort. Soc., for the
year 1874, Boston.

- The Eelectie Ruralist, Vol. I!., No. 1. Rochester, February,
1874,

6. Mr. George C. Woolson, ‘245, Broadway, N. Y., has had_
printed for his own convenience an index to Torrey and Gray's
Flora, Vol. IL, which he will send to any one who may desire it, on
receipt of a stamped envelope.

$79. Additions tothe Bryology of the United States, by Chas. Mohr.
NO. Il. ;
Description of two new species of mosses from the Southern United
_ States, by Prof. Dr. Kart Muetimr, Halle. ;
Bartramia (Philonotis) Mohriana, C. Miiller, n. sp. Dioica ? caulis:
robustiusculus ubique densifolius, inferne fusco-radiculosus, ramulis, —
crassiusculis inequalibus plerumque brevibus et strictis nonnullis —
coronatus, breviusculus; folia caulina undique inserta, madore et
siccitate patenti-patula strictissima, sordide lutescentia, latiuscula,
perfecte lanceolata longe acuminata aristatula, longitudinaliter - _
distincte plicata, basi seepius cavernosula, igitur irregulariter con-
cava, margine angustissime revoluta; apice dense serrulato-denticu-
lata inferne ob papillas prominentes nodulosa, nervo profunde cana-
liculato in aristam excedente furcata, e cellulis angustis elongates
linearibus pellucidis laxis reticulata igitur tenuiter membranacea e&
Jlaccidula, valde punctato-papillosa; perich. caulinis similia sed ba 81

Terms—One Dollar per annum beginning with the January number. For the ‘Botanical
Directory alone, 30 cents. Back volumes on hand. pee
_, Fhe Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia
College, at 73g P.M. wk he ee

Vol. V, No. 3.) BULLETIN oF THE TORREY Botanica. Cus. [New York, Mar., 1874.

latiore magis ovata laxissime reticulata, papillis ad parietes cellu-
larum transversales indistinctis grossis singulis obtecta; theca in
pedunculo flexuoso rubro robusto plantulam longitudine x#quante
parum obliqua magna globosa plicatula, operculo cupulato umbo-
hato minuto; peristomium duplex normale: dentes externi lato-
lanceolati valde et robuste trabeculati fusci striatuli, internis magis
lutei asperuli breviores.

Patria Louisiana, Donaldsonville, ad truncos putridos in sylvis
opacis, mensi Decembris. (©. Mohr.

Species excellentissima; statua humiliore robusta, foliis strictis-
simis nunquam secundis lanceolatis laxe reticulatis maxime papil-
losis prima scrutatione a B. fontana et B. calcarea distinguenda,
cum alia nunquam confundenda. Bartramia Schlumbergeri Mexicana
_ quoad habitum aliquantulum affinis.. B. radicalis gracilitate maxima
_ aliisque notis multis ac habitatione terrestri palustri toto cclo
differt. :

Hypnum homalostegium, C. Miller, . sp.—Monicum; cespites
lati humiles sordide virides duriusculi rigiduli; caulis repens, sed
ramulis creberrimis brevibus erectis vel curvulis dense aggregatis
tenuibus firmiusculis simplicibus pseudo-pinnatus; folia caulina
dense imbricata indistinecte secunda, madore caulem subjulaceum
turgescentem tenuem sistentia, e basi cordata latiuscule ovata bre-
viter acuminata concava, margine erecto obsolete denticulata, ner-
Vis binis brevibus, cellulis minutis indistinctis tenuibus angustissime
ellipticis pallidis tenerrime papillosis, alaribus ad alas solum
impresso-revolutas quadratis massa grisea repletis ; perich. anguste
lanceolato-acuminata longiuscula secunda concaya, longitudinaliter
plicatula, enervia, leviuscula, lutescentia; theca in pedunculo ascen-
dente flavido-rubro horizontalis minuta asymetrico-cylindracea,
medio valde constricta basi gibbosa vel strumosa, macrostoma

adia, operculo minuto e basi planiuscula brevissme apiculato recto ;
_ peristomii dentes valde prominentes callum angustissimum sistentes
madore conniventes, externi rubri valde cristati, interni lutei leves
latiusculi carinati imperforati, ciliis singulis latis brevioribus palli-
dioribus interjectis. : ap

Patria Alabama, West-Fowlriver, secus littora maritima ad cor-
ticem arborum: C. Mohr, vere 1871.

_ fHypno adnato proximum, sed hzecce species primo momento differt :
_ Tamis multo tenuioribus nunquam turgide julaceis, foliis caulinis
integerrimis e cellulis multo majoribus distincte ellipticis Javissimis
coloratis, perich. late ovatis acuminatis, theca longius pedunculata
multo majore robustiore e collo angustiore curvato-oblonga nec gib-
bosa nee strumosa medio nunquam constricta et operculo magno e
basi turgide conica rostellato. Primo intuito formis gracilioribus
Hypni cespitosi simile, sed cellulis alaribus vesiculiformibus flavidis

_carens.
§ 80 Catalogue of Suffolk Co. Plants.—Mr. H. W. Young calls

our attention to an oversight on our part, In criticizing the title of
this Catalogue we had forgotten that Dr. Gray in his Structurat
and Systematic Botany, which is the standard for this country, di-
Vides Lindley’s Class of Acrogens into two, Acrogens and Ano-

14

phytes. According to this system, therefore, the title of the Cat
logue is correct.

g 81 Books Wanted.—Hooker’s Flor. Bor. Am.—Torrey & Gray
Flor. Bor. Am.—Torrey’s Flora of New York (with colored plates
—Gray’s Genera. Please address, stating price, H. H. Bascock, 1
_ 18th Street, Chicago, Illinois.

§ 82 President of the Royal Society—It may be unknown t
some of our readers that Dr. Joseph Hooker has been chosen Pr
sident of this Society, the first time a botanist has been so honored
we believe since the time of Sir Joseph Banks. This distinctio
bestowed upon the chief botanist of Britain by his scientific cot
peers may be regarded as their protest against the indignities
which he was subjected by a member of the late administration.

§ 83. Botanical Specimens by Mail.—Mr. Tuthill has sent ust
following : : :

“ Post Orrice Dept., APPOINTMENT OFFICE,
Wasurneton, D.C. March 11, 1874.

Str:—Your letter of February 24th is received. Botanical s
cimens may be sent in the mails as ‘ cuttings ;’ postage one cent f
each two ounces or fraction thereof; packages limited to fou
pounds, wrapped so as to admit examination and unaccompan
by any writing in addition to the address.

Very respectfully, J. W. MarsHatt,

First Asst. P.M. General.

Frank H. Toruir, Esq. Kalamazoo, Mich.

§ 84, Sandwich Island Hepaticae, collected by H. Mann & W. T
Bricuam, and named by C. F. Austin.

1. DendrocerosClintoni, (n. sp.)—Fronde sublineari undula
crispata tenui minute areolata subseriatim puncta, involucro eylin-
drico sesquilineari punctato primum acuto glandis hyalinis appre
vestito, capsula trilineari fere sessili molli, sporis majusculis
levibus plerumque obtuse angularibus, elateribus breviusculis pal
lidis unispiralibus. “Sandwich Islands, Mann & Brigham.” Her
Clinton. ioe

2. Marchantia crenata, (n. sp.)—Fronde rigida carinata cirea ial
ciam longa et 2-3 lineas lata, apice bilobo dichotomove, subtas de
sissime radiculosa squamosa, supra planiuscula valde porosa, CY
purpureis circularibus margine crassa ciliato-dentatis, receptact
femineo majusculo convexo subeccentrico margine crenato SW”
squamis brevibus instructo, involueris brevibus ineequalibus fim e
atis, perianthis (immaturis) cirea 6-lobatis, pedunculo subuncla)
pare squamoso: receptaculum masculinum hand visum. In woot

ilo.

_3. Marchantia Innovans, (n. sp.)—Fronde parvula irreglariter
visa planiuscula subtenui adspecta eporosa resinifera magis minus
purpurea subtus anguste carinata, carina squamis brevibus p'P
Instructa, laciniis linearibus oblongove—linearibus; fructt (imm
turo) ex apice innovationis ventralis parve exorto, peduncw!e
bato, receptaculo femineo parvo subcrenato subtus barbato. ©
alei, IXauai. ee

15

4, Dumortiera hirsuta. (Swartz) Nees.—Mountains west of Maui
- . Dumortiera trichocephala, (Hovk) Nees.—Kaula Mountains,

anu. -

6. Aneura (Pseudaneura) pectinata, (n. sp.) —Dioica; planta foemi-
nea iterum decomposita, fronde crassa obscura supra convexa saturate
viridi serie singula cellularum minutarum hyalinarum marginata,
ramis, 1-2 uncialibus magis minusve pectinatim dissectis laciniis
difformibus inzequalibus nonnullis bi-trifidis apice sepe attenuatis
radicantibusque patentissimis in humido erectiusculis, calyptra
scabra sesquilineari oblongo-cylindracea subclavatave, apice fusco
papuloso, capsula elliptica ovali-oblongave: masc. minus distincte
marginata ramulis brevissimis instructa, antheridiis in ramulorum —
apice profunde bifido biseriatis——Oahu. Also communicated by Dr. —
Hillebrand (1866). The male plant occurring with Anthoceros vesci- —
culosus, from Dr. Hillebrand.

7. Aneura (Pseudaneura) multifidus, (Zinn.) Dum. On the ©
fronds of A pectinata. i

8. Aneura palmata, (Hedw.) Lindberg.—Oahu.

9. Symphogyna semi-involucrata, (v. sp.)—Fronde stipitata —
suberecta valide nervosa late undulata integerrima obtusa, involucro
dimidiato brevi lacero, calyptra 3 lineas longa apice pistillidia steri- _
lia fimbriata, capsula 2 lineas longa bivalva, valvulis apice cohaer- —
entibus. —Oahu. a

10. Plagiochila adiantoides, (Swartz) Ldbg.—Oahu. a

11. Cephalozia connivens, (Dicks.) Dum.—With Symphogyna —
semi-involucrata. ae

12. Frullania apiculata, Vees.—Oahu.

13. Frullania squarrosa, Vees.—Oahu.

14. Frullania Kunzei, 2. d& Lg.—Oahu.

15. Frullania arietina, Zayl—With Dendroceros Clintoni.

16, Lejeunia (Phragyicoma) Mannii,) (”. sp. )—Caule brevi vage
ramoso, foliis imbricatis oblique ovalibus ovatisve valde convexis
decurvis obtusis integerrimis, areolis majusculis versus marginem
sensim decrescentibus, intercalaribus nigris obscuris, lobulo subr
tundo inflato integro, amphigastriis magnis flabelliformi-rotundis
(seepe. magis latis quam longis), perianthio in ramulo longo term
nali compresso-pyriforme ventre bi-dorso unicarinato alatove, an-
gulis cristato-dentatis, involucri foliis parum majoribus subdentatis
colore sublusco.—Oahu. ; .

17. Lejeunia subsquarrosa.—Phragmicoma subsquarrosa, A wst.
Proc. Dhila. Acad, Dec. 1869. (An Ptychanthus species ?) ae

18. Radula Mannii, (7. sp )—Caule rigido 1-2 uncias longo cum
foliis cirea 1} lin. lato pinnato vel iterum decomposito, ramulis —
breviusculis sub-decurvis patentibusve complanatis obtusis, foliis _
oblique ovali-rotuadis subconvexis valde obtusis integerrimis toto —
margine anguste inequaliter recurvis, lobulo magno apice lato
semicirculari late obtuseque 1-2 plicato, margine interna caulem
obtegente vel superante, areolis minutis subovalibus difformibus;

flores et fructa ignoti.—Oahu. a5
19. Radula pallens (Sirartz) Nees.—Among mosses, comm _

James,

16

15. Sendtnera gracilis, Vees.—Oahu.

16. Sendtnera juniperina, (Swartz) Nees.—Oahu.

20. Mastigobryum cordistipuium, Zdbg.—Oahu.

21. Mastigobryum parvistipulum (x. sp.)—Caule procumbente
subdichotomo stolonibus brevibus instructo, foliis viridibus dissiti-
usculis oblongo-linearibus valde falcatis patentissimis subconcavis
margine ventrali integerrimis subcrenatisve parunt recurvis, apice
lato oblique truncato inequaliter tridentato, dentibus brevibus ob-
tusiusculis nonnullis denticulatis, areolis magnis subquadrangulari-
bus erassiusculis in centro pellucidis medialibus subovalibus basila-
ribus subinflatis ceteris minoribus subquadratis, amphigastriis mi-
nutis patentibus valde distantibus quadrato-transversalibus liberis
obsoleteve connatis apice valde inequaliter inciso- ciliatove-dentatis ;
fructu ignoto.—Oahu.

Differs from MZ tridens in the more falcate leaf with a broader
more obtusely toothed apex, in the more squarrose amphigastria, etc-

22. Mastigobryum Brighami, (7. sp.)—Caule subgracili flexuoso
subdichotomo valde flagellifero, foliis laxe imbricatis subdecurvo-
patentibus subfalcatis leniter convexis ob cellulas magnas subin-
flatas ovali-rotundas versus basin subvittatis, areolis caeteris majus-
_ culis subquadratis, apice lato truncato dentibus breviusculis acutis

‘Sinibus obtusissimis subsqualiter tridentatis, basi haud dilatata,
amphigastriis minutis subovatis appressis distantibus obscure con-
natis, apice eroso subdentatove-—With M. parvistipulum.

Differs from JL parvistipulum in its imbricated shorter leaves
more equally toothed at the apex and with the cellules towards the
base and ventral margin shorter; also in the more numerous fla-

ell, appressed subentire amphigastria, ete. If. tridens, Nees, has
_ larger leaves decidedly narrowad at the apex and more acutely tri-
_ dentate, areole larger, ete.
‘eae: Pleurozia subinflata. Physiotium subinflatum, Avzst.—
Oahu.
_ 24. Pleurozia conchzfolia, ( Zook.)—Oahu.
§ 85. Sandwich Island Hepaticae, collected by Dr. Wu. Huie-
BRAND, named by C. F. Austiy. A
__ 1. Plagiochila oppositifolia, (n. sp.)—Caule tenui subsimplice
fertili brevi sterili longiore frondiformi, foliis dissitis exacte oppo-
sitis utrinque in cristam minutam perbrevem connatis, illis in caule
fertili elongato-obovatis sublinearibusve, subconvexis, apice sub- —
bifido, margine superiori versus apicem parce spinulosa inferiori sub- |
integerrima, illis in caule sterili dissitoribus magis explanatis an-
_ gustioribus, margine intergerrima fere plana, apice oblique uni-vel-
inequaliter bispinoso, perianthio ob innovationes laterali brev!
campanulato, margine inferiori alata subincisa, apice profunde n-
ciso-ciliato, foliis Involucralibus subovatis incisis spinulosisve-

Ferms—One Dollar per annum beginning with the January number. For the Botanica’ Se .
: Mmrectory alone, So cole Back volumes on hand. : ae

Local Herbarium, 3, E. 33d St.—Editor, 224, E. 10th se

The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia
College, at 746 P.M. Ce

a,

Vol. V. No. 4.] BULLETIN oF THE Torrey Botanica. Cuus. [New York, April, 1874,

. Jungermania piligera, Nees.—Var.

. Jungermania robusta, Awst.— Proc. Phila. Acad. Dec. 1869.
. Jungermania rigida, Aust-—i. c.

Jungermania coriacea, Axst.—i. c..

Jungermania callithrix, Z. & G.

. Jungermania nana, Nees ?

. Jungermania (Gymnanthe?) Bolanderi, Aust. 7. ¢.

. Cephalozia connivens, Dicks.

. Calipogeia bifurca, Avsé. 7. .

11. Lepidozia Sandvicensis, Zdég.

12. Mastigobryum cordistipulum, Ldbg.

13. Mastigobryum minutum, (x. sp.)—Caule prostrato elongato
tenuissimo, foliis valde distantibus anguste obcuneatis subfalcatis
suberecto-patentibus et patentibus apice oblique obtuseque biden-
tatis dentibus subdivaricatis breviusculis acutiusculis, areolis majus-
culis medialibus ovalibus ceteris subrotundis paulum minoribus ,
illis in margine (serie singula) confertis transversim vel suboblique
compressis, amphigastriis minutis (diametro caulem squantibus)
ovato-subquadratis appressis.—With other Hepatice.

There are a few male spikes on the stems, these are very large,
considering the minute size of the plant, of a round-ovate figure
and compactly leaved.

14, Pleurozia subinflata. Physiotium subinflatum, Aust. /. c.

15. Pleurozia conchaefolium, ( Hook.)

16. Sendtnera juniperina, (Swartz) Nees. ,

17. Sendtnera gracilis. ees. “

18. Sendtnera tristicha, Awst.—i. c. (An 8. gracilis var. ?)

19. Lejeunia subsquarrosa. Phragmicoma subsquarrosa Aust.
l.c. (An Ptychanthi species?)

20. Lejeunia elongata. Phragmicoma elongata, Aus. 1. ¢.

21. Lejeunia Mannii, Aws¢.

22. Lejeunia cucullata, Nees. :

23. Lejeunia longifolia, Mitt? On Dumortiera denudata,

24, Frullania Kunzei, Z. & ZL. G.

25. Frullania squarrosa, WVees.

26. Aneura (Pseudaneura) pectinata, Awst.

27. Aneura (Pseudaneura) multifida, (Zénn.) Dum.

28. Aneura palmata, (Hedw.) Lindberg.

es
SONIA RP wWL

29. Steetzia cylindrica, (n. sp.)—Differt a 8. Lyellit; inflores-
centia dioica, perianthio longiore cylindrico et capsula angustiore.

rds as long as the perianth, smooth, bearing _
about a dozen sterile )pistillidia near its summit. (Male pliant not _
seen. con « At ee
5. Anthoceros vesciculosus,(2. sp.?) Fronde crassa fusca venoso-
nervosa opaca subpinnatifido-lobata linear1 flabelliformi apice magis
minusve dilatata abrupte incrassata regulariter venosa valde ve-
siculosa ob cavitas maximas valde inflatas rugosa sublamellato-
cristata, margine crenata cristatave, involucro circa 3 lineas longo
subeylindrico vel subfusiformi nervoso-striato sublamelloso parce —
glanduloso apice tridentato, capsula unciali et longiore nigra, sporis

nigris minutissimis minutim muriculatis, elateribus fuscis tenuis-

Calyptra about two-thi

18

simis longissimis subflexuosis teretis solidiusculis opacis hand articu -
latis (sine fibra spirali). — :

Remarkable for the venose and vesciculose frond, and for the very
long and slender terrete jointless elaters. The veins of the frond
anastomise and divide its substance up into large cavities. Rootlets
numerous, long, granulose. Capsule about as large as in A. /aenis,

slightly curved or straightish; the valves more or less twisted
when dry, without stomata. Spores about half as large as in A. punc-
tatus, and the elaters many times longer than in that species, and of
a different structure. Involucre of a solid texture.

31. Marchantia polymorpha, Linn.

32. Dumortiera hirsuta. (Swartz) Linn.

33. Dumortiera denudata, Mitt.

34. Plagiochasma cordatum, Ldbg ? :

86. Dr. Torrey and Torrey’s Peak.—As some misapprehension
_ exists as to Dr. Torrey’s ascent of the peak named in his honor, we

made inquiry of Mr. John H. Redfield, whose reply we give belew.
_A note from Miss M. Torrey is to the same effect.

“Twas not with Dr. Torrey on the occasion of the ascent to
which you refer, having parted company with him in California in
the end of August [1872]. But soon after his return home I had
from him, and from his daughter who accompanied him, the full

_ particulars of the affair; and as I had myself ascended Gray’s Peak
on the 30th July previous, the topography was sufficiently known
to me to make their account quite intelligible. Their party, con-
sisting of the Doctor and his daughter, and a Norwegian lady,
related to Prof. Brock, of N orway, with a physician from Georgetown,
whose name I have forgotten, and perhaps some others, started from
Georgetown, for the purpose of ascending Gray’s Peak. It was late in
the season for the ascent,* and some of their friends in Georgetown
counselled them not to attempt it. They proceeded, however, with-
out any difficulty until they reached the shanty near the Baker
Mine—a height of nearly or quite 12,000 feet, and on a plantation in
full view of the two rocky cones named by Dr. Parry, Zorrey’s Peak
and Gray’s Peak. By this time the weather had become very
cold, the wind also being keen and strong. The rarity of the alr,
too, at that height, told so severel y upon the Doctor’s respiration,
that he found it impracticable to proceed further. He accordingly
entered the shanty, built a fire, and had a warm lunch ready tor
the rest of the party, who, meanwhile, proceeded on horseback,
and succeeded in reaching the summit of Gray’s Peak. By the
_ time they had returned to the shanty rain set in, which soon
_ became snow; and Jong before they reached Georgetown all the
neighboring mountains were covered with a fleecy mantle. mA
“So that though the Doctor did not literally ascend Torrey 8
Peak, yet he saw both it and its fitly: named fellow-peak.t+

* Late in September. . weal.
+ Gray’s expression in his Memoir is—“Stood upon the flank of the snowy
_ peak to which his pupil had given his (Torrey’s) name;” which, in asense
_ 38 true, since both peaks are culminating points of the same ridge on which,

_ Baker’s Mine is situated.

19

I am not aware that Torrey’s Peak (known in the vicinity by the —
later name of Mount Irwin) has been ascended, though it appa-
rently presents no special difficulties; and Gray’s Peak is usually
selected for ascent, because a comparatively easy horse-trail has
been prepared to the summit. When on Gray’s Peak, I ascertained
by a pocket-level that Torrey’s Peak is a little the higher, though —
the difference is slight, probably 50 or 100 feet, and I think this is
confirmed by other observations.” {
§ 87. Bromus Tectorum.—In the January number of the Bul-
letin I notice, under the head of “Catalogue of Suffolk County
Plants,” a remark with reference to Bromus tectorum. Abouteight _
years ago, I detected a species, new to this region, which by com-
parison with an authentic specimen of the B. tectorum from Ger-
many, preserved in my herbarium, I have regarded as identical with
that plant. Having submitted it to the late Dr. William Darling-
_ ton for inspection, he informed me that some time before, he had
received specimens from a correspondent in Germantown, near
Philadelphia. He at once referred it to the species above noticed. _
. Mine was gathered in the suburbs of our town, confined to one |
- Spot, its introduction, no doubt, adventitious. By the extended —
improvements of our town, the locality has been broken up. Ien- |
close a small portion, which may prove sufficient for identification
with the Suffolk County plant. Harimay JACKSON,
West Cuester, Pa. mene oe
_ [The small specimen sent corresponds very well with DB. tectorum
in the Torrey Herbarium. | “eee
$ 88. Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado, by Thomas ©. Porter —
and John M. Coulter. This is one of the “ Miscellaneous Publica-—
tions,” relating to the U. S. Geological survey of the Territories
now in progress under the charge ot the Department of the Interior.
It is a work of 180 pages, and is not a mere enumeration of plants, —
but, for all the species not described in the readily accessible
“Manual” of Doctor Gray and the “Flora ot the Southern States”
by Dr. Chapman, the descriptions are quoted, thus saving the
_ Student from the necessity of referring to eas | SA and works |
not usually to be found in a private library. We notice In an ad-
vanced sheet of the “ American Journal of Science” for May, that —
Prof. Daniel C. Eaton makes some rather severe strictures upon the -
- manner in which credit is given in this work. We hope that Prof.
_ Porter, who is apparently responsible for the literary portion of th
_ work, may give a satisfactory explanation of what appears to have
been an untortunate inadvertence. ee ete
$89. Desmodium.—It may interest the readers of the Bulletin
to know that Mr. Albert Commons has discovered another locality
for the very rare Desmodium humifusum, Beck, in the south-east
_ corner of Newcastle County, Delaware. Here, as in the Salisbury, _ a
__ Maryland, locality (now destroyed), the plant is completely pros-
_ trate, ramifying in every direction from the central root. Wi

rhitney’ ives Gray's’ Pénk «4 siot+s» 14;145 feet.
9 ee oceans Dorsups Ws poets AEAGE

°
'

20

flowers plentifully, but fruits rarely. Can it be a hybrid between
D. rotundifolium, D. C., and one of the erect species ?

Mr. Commons has also found D. ochroleucum, M. A. Curtiss,
near Felton, Delaware—the most northern locality yet known.
This is a well-marked species, always distinguishable from its trail-
ing allies by the light green color of the leaves, its ovate leaflets
strongly reticulate-veined, as are the always twisted divisions of the
loments, and its ochroleucous flowers. It fruits abundantly and is
a rank grower. W. MG;

$ 90. Two Lichens of Oregon.—The region proved to the experi-
enced collector, Mr. Elihu Hall, less interesting as regards Lichens
than California, and he was able to add but little to what was
already known. The two plants now to be briefly described are,
however, new to us.

_Sticta Oregana (sp. nova)—thallo coriaceo-membranaces laciniato-
lobato lacunoso-reticulato viridi-glaucescente, laciniis elongatis apice
rotundatis sinuato-incisis margine crenato-lobulatis mox dissectis
subtus inter papulas albas reticulatim brunneo-tomentosis ; apoth-
eciis sparsis mediocribus (latit. 2-4 millim.) margine thallo concolore
demum excluso. Spore 6-8" in thecis, e fusiformi aciculares,
4-loculares, incolores, longit. 0,044-75 millim., crassit. 0,006-9 millim.

Upon trunks of trees, Oregon, EZ. Hail.

This fine accession to our Flora is not without a certain general
resemblance to S. anthraspis, Ach., also peculiar to the West
Coast, but belongs to the marked section of which S. pulmonaria
is the type; differing from this no less in its ensemble than in its
spores. Whatever the real rank of 8. linita, Ach., it is scarcely
better comparable with the present.

, Rinodina Hallii (sp. nova)—thallo crustaceo tenui contiguo
rimoso cinerascente, hypothallo nigro limitato; apotheciis biato-
rinis _mediocribus (latit. O™™, 7-1™™, 2) adnatis plano-convexis,
-‘Mmargine obtuso integerrimo fusco discum fusco-nigrum opacum
demum turgidum cingente. Hypothecium incolor. Spore octone
in thecis, ellipsoidex, biloculares, fuse, longit. 0,019-30 millim.,
crassit. 0,009-15 millim., paraphysibus bene distinctis. ;

Upon bark, Oregon, # Hall.” Upon Redwood, and Oak, Cali-
fornia, H. N. Bolander.

RR. sophodes v. confragosa is the most distinguished form of this
_ genus on the Western coast, occurring on rocks and on the earth,
___where the fruit attains to the largest size perhaps as yet noted (the

Width exceeding 2™™) and also on trees, From this the present is
Seen at once to differ in its biatorine exciple, and generally Lecidee-
me aspect. The disk, in several specimens, is more or less dis-
tinetly white-pruinose. ’ Epw. TucKERMAN: ©)

Terms—One Dollar per annum beginnin : ‘ et eae Peer,
g with the Janua' umber, For the Bo ie
Drrectory alone, 30 cents. Back cohanes ih heed. ete es Ee

| ee

Local Herbarium, 3, E, 33d St,—Editor, 224, E. 10th St.

The Club meets regularly the (ast ‘ad sa iui 8
a oe ee ae

VolV, No. 5.] BULLeTin oF THE TorREY Botanicat Cuus. [New York, May, 1874.

$91. On some new North American Musci.—C. F. Austin.

_1. Bruchia Hallii (. sp.)—Plante humiles, gregariz, fusco-
virides; caule 1-3 lineari subsimplici gracili inferne microphyllo,
foliis levissimis late ovatis erectis inferioribus appressis superioribus
sensim subabrupteve augentibus acutiusculis vel breviter acumina-
tis Integerrimis, reti interiori laxiusculo pellucido obloago-hexa-
gono vel subrhomboideo superiori angustissimo breviter fusiformi,
costa mediocri versus apicem subexpansa percurrente vel leniter
excurrente, capsula in pedicello recto exserta una cum collo breviter
pyriformi-elliptica longiuscule rostrata, collo pro genere magis parvo
in pedicellum sensim transeunte, calyptra levi mitriformi (subcucul-
latave) basi lobata ad tertiam partem capsulx vel ultra descendente:
inflorescentia generis: statura Br. flexuosw.

Near Houston, Texas, Hall.

2. Bruchia Texana (x. sp.) —Statura et habitu Br. Hallit; differt
tamen caule breviori, foliis inferioribus angustioribus acuminatis
flexuosis superioribus multum longius et abruptius acuminatis acu-
mine angustissimo canaliculato siccitate flexnoso, costa superne mul-
tum magis dilatata, reti minore e cellulis infra medium folii angusti-
oribus et longioribus supra hoc inillas minutissimas brevissimas min-
utim granulosas subraptim transeuntibus formato, capsula paulum
brevius tenuiusque rostrata, collo crassiori longiori in pedicellum
abrupte transeunte.

Near Houston, Texas, &. Hall.

3. Gymnostomum Rauanum (n. sp.)—Caulibus gregario-csespi-
tosis brevissimis fastigiatim divisis, foliis caulinis satis viridibus
lineali-lanceolatis mucronato-acutis subcanaliculato-concavis basi
excepta opacis sublevibus margine planis integerrimis, costa subde-
pressa excurrente, capsula in pedicello tenui mediocriter longo ex-
Serta ovali tenuissime texta siccitate irregulariter striato-costata
truncata macrostoma, operculo valde deciduo in siccis lato valde
depresso oblique rostrato, in humidis angustato conico et fere recte
rostrato, annulo rubro partim ad operculum ac partim ad os cap-
sul adherente, (peristomio uullo): inflorescentia ut in Weisia
viridula.—Weisia viridula, var. gymnostomotles, James in Herb.
Porter (fide James).

On clay banks, about Bethlehem, Pa. E. A. Rau, Esq, and

Rev, I. Wolle.

_ This species has much the general appearance of small forms of
Weisia mriduli, but is readily distinguished by the total absence of
_ & peristome, broader annulus, more delicate texture of the capsule,
' Which is also shorter and wider mouthed, and by the less concave

leaves plane on the margins, ete. '
4. Fissidens Closteri, Avst. Ms.; Sulliv. Icon. Suppl. ined.—
Plante exilissime gregarive acaules; foliis minatissimis (circa 2
paribus) in gemmula appressis ovatis, laminad uplicaturam vix ex-
¢edente acuta minute apiculata apice subserrata, reti laxiusculo
subguadrato, costa latiuscula tenui subdiffusa, capsula in pedicello
$14 lin. longo tenuissimo pallido exserta ovali ovatave siccitate
(ore lato excepto) valde constricta, annulo valde inconspicuo cum
- Operculo. deciduo, opereulo elongato-conico; peristomio generis;

-inflorescentia F. exilis.

22 .

On stones along woodland rivulets, on the Palisades, near Closter,
New Jersey.

On account of the minute size of all its parts, this is probably
the most inconspicuous of all known mosses, being invisible to the
naked eye (in its native ravines) except with the aid of a strong ©
and favorable light. It differs from 7’ exilis, its nearest ally, in its
much smaller size and shorter leaves, the blade almost (or often
quite) obsolete. Calyptra conic, covering only the rostrum of the
opiculum, very slightly fissured on one side at the base. Teeth of
the peristome when dry widely spreading at the base, erect above
the middle; when moist inflexed and forming a cone over the
mouth of the capsule; sublanceolate, split nearly to the base into
two unequal segments, papillose, the articulations below close and
indistinct.

5. Meesia Macouni (x. sp.)—Caule perbrevi dense cespitoso in-
-novante fastigiatim ramoso radiculis rufo-brunneis et purpureis
dense et minute scabris instructo, foliis e basi augustata oblongo-
lanceolatis subacuminatis planiusculis integerrimis versus apicem
subserratisve laxissime (ut in Funaria et Amblyodonte) areolatis,
areolis medialibus oblongis basilaribus elongatis illis versus margi-
nem sensim augustatis (ut foliis submarginatis videatur) superiori-
bus subrhomboideis, costa valida basi dilatata in apicem producta,
perichetialibus brevioribus solidioribus brevius acuminatis crassius
costatis, capsula cum collo (pro genere breviusculo) subpyriforml
siccata subincurva pachyderma, peristomii dentibus pro genere
longis (fere ut in Amblyodonte) erectis obtusis integris, processibus
quam dentibus longioribus, pedicello 2-3 unciali, paraphysibus com-
pluribus valde clavatis: cxtera desunt.

In the Peace River Country, British Columbia, Macoun (1872.)

Remarkable for the very lax texture of the leaves, which are also
broader than in our other species; also for the longish teeth
of the onter peristome. It appears to connect the genus Meesia
with Amblyodon. My specimens are too old, and the peristome 1S
somewhat destroyed, yet it is sufficiently well preserved to show
this relationship. Ihave not been able to detect any antheridia.
Among the plants were a few very slender stems of a male plant
having small distant distinctly margined bryoid leaves, and appar
ently belonging to some Bryum. The buds resembling male
flowers each contained a cluster of minute white fusiform worms
instead of antheridia and paraphyses !

_ 6. Leskea (Thedenia?) Wolléi (n. sp.) —Plantee parvee demiss®
intricato-crespitose vage et subpinnatim ramose et ramilose;
ceespite superne fusco-viridi inferne magis minusve ochracel ; foliis
diversiformibus in caule primario late deltoideo-ovatis abrupte:
longe acuminatis, acumine valde flexuoso, illis in caule secundario —
augustioribus brevius acuminatis, ramulinis rigidiusculis ovatls —
haud vel breviter acuminatis valde concavis imbricatis siccitate
subrugulosis, omnibus integerrimis cellulis crassioribus brevioribus
confertioribus marginatis costa lata difformi brevi vel longiuscula
simplici vel inequaliter bicrura instructis, reti e cellulis mediocrl
bus rhombeis illis ad basis augulos (et in marginem usque ad
apicem) quadratis formato: floribus et fructu haud visis.

23

Niagara Falls, Rev. Francis Wolle ; Lake Superior region, Prof.
John Macoun.

Plant of about the size and of much the general appearance of
Hypnum adnatum, Hedw. The position, shape and areolation of
the branch leaves are also much as in that species, but they are
more concave, and have the areolation shorter, The stem-leaves
are shaped somewhat as in Hypnum hispidulum, Brid; but they
are more concave, and have a more abrupt, longer, and more flex-
uose point and entire margins.

Differs from 7hedenia Suecica, as described in Schimper’s Synop-
sis, mainly in the somewhat rigid and more or less costate leaves.

7. Thuidium scitum ( Seauv).—Aust, Muse. Appalach.,n. 300,—
Hypnum scitum, Beauv. Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p, 575; C. Mull.
Synop. 2, p. 488; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. p. 155, t. 99, ex parte ; Sulliv.
& Lesgx, Muse. Kxsic, ed. 2, n. 409, ex. parte—(Thuidium Appala-
chianum, Aust. Ms. olim.) :

Plantze mediocres, depresso-cespitose, colore atro et subglauco-
viridi. Caulis 1-3 uncias longus prostratus simpliciter pinnato-ramu-
losus. Folia caulina late cordato-triangularia longe tenuiter apicu-
lato-acuminata, basi late sulcata; ramulina minora cordato-ovata
breviter acuminata laxius incumbentia; utraque concava erecto-
patentia; costa validiuscula subpellucida ultra medium evanida ;
reti e cellulis subrotundis minutissimis chlorophyllosis minutissime
papillosis formato ; paraphyllia numerosa multiformia; peri-
cheetialia leevia solidiuscula profunde sulcata valide costata erecto-
appressa sensim longe acuminata integerrima vel versus apicem
obsoletissime denticulata; reti e cellulis augustissimis linearibus
rectis formato. Capsula brunnea subcylindrica (elongato-elliptica)
erecta vel leniter curvula siccata sub ore parvo constricta, basi
acuta; operculo elongato-conieco conicove-rostrato; annulo solido
triplici persistente ; peristomio leskeoideo albescente, dentibus
angustissimis rectis vel siccatis leniter flexuosis, processibus quam
dentibus brevioribus e membrana augusta exortis angustis subline-
aribus rectis opacis granulosis aperte e serie singula cellularuam
exstructis haud carinatis, ciliolis binis imperfectis nullisve; sporis
viridibus nonnunquamve luteolis. In Octobri et Novembri matur-
escat.

On the base of trees along the borders of a swamp, near Closter,
New Jersey; very rare. (First found by me in 1864 on the base
of a tree, about half a mile suuth of Closter.) (This tree was ent
the following winter.) I again found it in 1872 ona tree about
80 rods south-west of the former station, along the east side of
John Westervelt’s woods. The following species is found on many
of the trees in the same woods, in close proximity to this.

8. Thuidium zstivum (x. sp.)—Statura ramificatione circum-
scriptione foliorum et habitu Zh. sciti; recedit tamen foliis peri-
chetialibus tenuioribus minus profunde sulcatis subscabris apice
minus obsolete denticulatis, costa tenuiore, reti breviore diversiformi
(rotundo ovali et oblongo), caulinis minus valide costatis acumine
magis flexuosis, ramulinis densius granuloso-papiilosis. Capsula
oblonga macrostoma straminea subhorizontali textura laxiore, ore
oblique, busi obtusiore, opvrculo majore alte convexo abrupte ob-—

24

tuse et brevius rostrato magis deciduo basi submarginato, anmulo pal-
lido deciduo, peristomio hypnoideo pallido luteolo, dentibus latio-
ribus conniventibus in humido ineurvis (apice recurviusculo
exceptis), processibus multum latioribus e membrana latiore exortis
ineurvis levibus hyalinis carinatis carina pertusis, ciliolis 2-3 per-
fectis subzquilongis, sporis luteolis: in Julio maturescat.—Thui-
dium scitum, var. xstivam Muse. Appalach. n. 301.—Hypnum
scitum, Sulliv. & Lesgr. Muse. Exsic. ed. 2, n. 409, ex parte.

On the base of trees in woods, New Jersey to Canada and Ohio;

common. Inner perichzetial leaves long and narrowly pointed,
but less gradually so than in Th. scitum. Pedicel of the same color
as the capsule (pale yellow), and, as in all the Thuidia, obscurely
scabrous. Peristome with the processus and ciliolz nearly or quite
as long as the teeth. Paraphyllia multiform. Color of the plant
green, glaucous green, or often yellowish green.
_ 9. Plagiothecium Passaicense, Muse. Appalach, n. 362.—Dio-
tcum, minutulum, czspitulosum; fl. masc. polyphyllo eparaphysato
antheridiis 1-3 instructo, fl. foem. paraphysibus magis numerosis
brevibus et pistillidiis 12-30 instracto, capsula in. pedicello brevi
tenui erecta minuta siccitate turbinata collo distineto estriato in-
structa, peristomii dentibus angustis fere rectis erectisque, ciliolis
imperfectis, follis perichetialibus pluribus late ovatis abrupte
acuminatis ecostatis estriatis integerrimis vel apice eroso-denticula-
tis, foliis caulinis triangulari-lanceolatis subcanaliculato-concavis
basi subtruncatis margine integerrimis pilanis angustissime recur-
visve, reti e cellulis longis angustis subfusiformibus. basilaribus
valde brevioribus nee inflatis nec decurrentibus instructo.

_ Prof. Macoun, of Canada, has recently sent me fine fruiting spe-
cimens of this interesting little moss, found growing on an old stump
near Belleville. It resembles both P7. pulchellum and Pl. latebricola,
but is smaller than either (being the smallest of the genus). Be-
sides it differs from the former in its inflorescence, much shorter and
slenderer pedicel, shorter erect capsule with the outer peristomal
: teeth much narrower and erectish when dry, and with the cilize of the

inner peristome imperfect, perichzetial leaves less convolute and not
plicate, stem-leaves narrower, etc. ; from the latter it differs chiefly
in the texture of the leaves, which are also neither decurrent nor
furnished with inflated cellues at the base.

10. Hylocomnium Flemmingii (n. sp.)—Robustum pallidum;
eaule subsimplici erecto rigido apice valde obtuso, foliis e basi
cordata late lanceolato-ovatis obtuse acuminatis valde flexuoso-—
Squarrosis subfalcatis protunde siuleatis versus apicem minutissime
papillosis nitidis bicostatis ad basis angulos minute angusteque
subquadrato-areolatis, margine minute confertim serrulata ad‘ basin
late reflexa et ciliis minutis subdecompositis ornata, costis distan-
tssimis tenuibus vix ad medium productis basi ciliatis’; floribus et
fructu ignotis. ij gee

Vancouver’s Island, 1872, John Macoun.

Remarkable for the obtuse apex of the leaf, with minute decom-
pound ciliz on the margins and coste at the base. The cost are —
wholly distinct at the base throughout, wide apart and nearly
parallel,

si
Vol. V& No., 6.] Bauvetin oF THE Toracy Boranicat Cus. [New York, June, 1874.

§ 92. Charles Frederick Meisner —as the announcement made by
the bereaved members of his family inform us, died at Basle, on
the second of May, in the seventy-fourth year of his age.

For the details of the life of this excellent botanist and estimable
man we must wait until the tributes to his memory arrive, which his
associates in his native Switzerland and in thechiet centres of science
in Europe are sure to offer, Our present information is scanty.
Pritzel, in the new edition of his Thesaurus, usually records the date
and place of birth of botanical authors, but they are omitted in the
present instance, We believe, however, that he was a native of
the Swiss Canton, in which his professional life was passed. The
orthography of his name is somewhat ambiguous. In the title

-pages of his works and in the signature to his letters, it is Meisner.
In the family circular announcing his decease it is Mvissner. The
interesting Melastomaceous genus dedicated to him by his friend
and preceptor, De Candolle, is Meisneria. In the new Genera
Plantarum of Bentham and Hooker, it takes the form of Meissneria.
That he was a pupil of De Candolle, at Geneva, appears from the -
preface to his earliest work, the Monograph of the Genus Polygo-
num. This was published in the year 1826, and he had already
taken his degree of Doctor in Medicine. Not long afterward he
was called to the chair of Botany at Basle, which he had held for
more than half a century. His largest and his main independent
work is his Planturum Vaseularium Genera secundum Ordines .
Naturales digesta, in two folio volumes, published between the
years 1836 and 1843. In one volume the genera are tabulis diag-
nosticis exposite ; the other volume is a commentary, with very
copious references. His most important publications in systematic
botany, however, were contributed to the periodicals of the day,
such as the Linnea, and to the great works of his friends De Can-
dolie and Von Martius, in which he was a most valued collaborator, _
For De Candolle’s Prodromus he elaborated his favorite order, Poly-
gonacee (the Eri sgonew excepted), and the equally large orders
Protacece, Thymeleucee, and Lauracee, as well as the small order
Hernandiacee, For the Flora Braziliensis he worked up the same
orders, also the Convolvulacee and the EHricacee. ith these —
creditable and laborious productions his botanical career came to a —
close, nearly adozen years ago, his héalth and powers having failed _
him. Yet in his declining years he was able to give attention to
the very large and valuable herbarium which he had formed, and
over which he lovingly lingered. As none of his children took to .
botany, his herbarium naturally became a chief solicitude. He cor-_
responded with the writer of this notice and with Dr, Torrey upon
tie subject, deploring the probable necessity of its being broken u
and dispersed in detachments after his decease, in case it remain
in Europe. His anxieties were promptly allayed, and his remaining

_ years made happy, through the purchase of this important herba-
rium, essentially upon the owner’s own terms, by a member of the
Torrey Club, who generously added it to the Torrey Herbarium. ~
Dr. Torrey. lived to see a portion of this collection in its new home,

and Prof, Meisner, a year later, had thé great satisfaction of kuow-

26
ing that the whole was safe in its chosen destination before he also
went to his rest in a good old age. ae)

§ 93. First Field Day of the Club.—The club having decided to
hold field days this summer, a small company explored the Ramapo
Mountains, near Sufferns, Rockland Co., on Saturday, May 234d.

The following interesting plants were found, Clematis verticillaris,
DC. ; Epigea repens, L.; Corydalis flavula, Raf.; Staphylea tri-
Jolia, 1..; Polygala paucifolia, Willd. ; Prunus Americana, Mar-
shall; P. pumila, L.; Mitella diphylla, L.; Asarum Canadense,
L.; Habenaria viridis, R. Br.; H. bracteata, Reich.; Orchis specta-
belis, L.; Uvularia perfoliata, L. The last named species was
larger than we have ever before seen, viz., two feet high, with
flowers an inch and a half long; the granular-roughened sepals
and sharp-pointed anthers showed it to be U. perfoliata and not
U. grandiflora, as we at first thought it. GU, Wi:

§ 94. New Fungi, by W. R. Gerarv. Wo. III.

Spheeria rostrospora, (n. sp.) — Perithecia orbicular, densely
crowded, seated on a blackish, compact, fibrous stroma; asci cylin:
drical ; spores ovate, binucleate, dark-brown, .0006’x.0002’, fur-
nished at each extremity with a hyaline beak.

Encireling the base of a stalk of Jnula Helenium.

New Paltz Landing, Ulster Co,, September.

Patellaria similis, (n. sp.)—Receptacles coriaceous, sessile,
crowded, smooth, black; margin swollen, disk concave; spores
elliptical, triseptate, nucleate, hyaline, .0006’x.0002’.

On dead branch of oak ( Quercus rubra), Poughkeepsie.

This would seem to come near Cooke’s P. parvula (which I
have not seen), but differs in many respects according to the de-
scription in the “ Hand-book.”

___ Patellaria dispersa, (n. sp.)—Receptacles black, sessile, scattered,
- -margined; asci cylindrico-clavate; spores varying from subpyriform
to clavate, 4-8 septate, the cells filled with nuclei, .0014'x.0006
(at the broad end), pale brown. :
lana scattered over the bark of red cedar (Juniperus Virgin-

na). 4

New Paltz Landing, Ulster County.

Hysterium fibrisedum, (x. sp.)—Perithecia linear elongated
or oval, obtuse at the ends; lips c.osed; spores obovate, 7-8 septate
with one long, longitudinal division, hyaline, often slightly bent.

‘Seated in long parallel series on the fibres of old wood of Robi-
nia, Poughkeepsie. Scarce; [ have found but a single specimen
thus far.

Hysterium vixvisibile, (n. sp.)—Perithecia very minute, oblong: >
elliptic, black, opaque, without Strie ; lips swollen, aperture slightly _
Saping; spores oblong, triseptate, pale brown, .0005’-—.0006 x .0002.

The perithecia are so minute as to appear like mere specks to the
naked eye. The plants are extensively scattered over the bark,
lying in all directions. uae

Poughkeepsie ; on bark of dead, unknown branch. eee

‘Peziza Cucurbitz, (x. sp.)—Cups sessile, when moist waxy, —

27

scutellate, disk pale tan-color, margin entire: when dry contorted,
somewhat horny, and disk dark purple-brown; spores simple, oval,
.0004 long.

On dried rinds of squash (Cucurbita) in company with Phoma
Cucurbitacearum. Poughkeepsie, September,

Helminthosporium clavatum, (n. sp.)—Flocci densely fascicu-
late; simple, septate, light-brown; spores elongated, clavate, 10-
septate about from .001’—.003’ long.

Forming roundish black spots on the under surface of the leaves
of Asclepias incarnata. Poughkeepsie, Autumn.

Septoria Salliz (n. sp.)—Spots large, roundish, pallid, cireum-
scribed: by a reddish-brown line: perithecia minute, black, scat-
tered; spores simple, rod-shaped, hyaline, bent, .0007’x 0001. On
leaves of Acer saccharinum. Poughkeepsie, Autumn.

$ 95. New Localities.—Dr. Gray, in American Journal for April,
States that Howard Shriver, Esq., of Wytheville, Va., finds Pachy-
stigma Canbyi together with Carex Fraseriana in the vicinity of
that town. (Professsor Wood has procured specimens for the
Club.) Mr. H. D. Keeler, of Jacksonville, Fla., finds Pavonia
Sspinifex, Cav., in dry, open woods, at Mayport (mouth of St.
John’s); probably a waif from the West Indies.

$ 96. New Publications—We have received: 1. Archives of
Science, Nos, 8 and 9, completing Vol. I., and continuing the
_Phenogamous Flora of Vermont, by Prof. F. Perkins, and the
Cryptogamic by ©. C. Frost. 2. Gardener’s Monthly, Vol. XILL.,
No. 1, edited by Thomas Meehan. 3, The Club is indebted to
Prof. F. V. Hayden, of the Territorial Survey, for a copy of the
Flora of Colorado, by Thomas C. Porter and John M. Coulter,
noticed by a correspondent elsewhere. 4. Dr. Gray's notes in
Silliman are, as always, of great interest. 5. The American
Naturalist abounds in matters of interest to Botanists. All
friends of the science should give it their support. 6. Revis-
ton of the North-American Chenopodiacee, by Sereno Watson
from Proc, Am. Acad. of Arts and Sci., Vol. LX. We have
here another of Mr. Watson’s admirable monographs. Atten-
tion has heretofore been called to Chenopodium leptophyllum
_ Nutt., found by Prof. Eaton at Absecom, N. J.; confer Mr. Wat-
80n’s note, § 65 of current vol. of Bulletin. Blituwm capitatum
, we gathered many years since in an orchard at Orange, N. J.,
where it seemed to be at home, Mr. Watson limits: it to the
northern border states.—7. Zhe New York Semi- Weekly Tribune,
Friday, June 5, contains a contribution by Dr. Gray, on Zn-
sectivorous Plants, Additional Investigations. It consists chiefly
_ of éxtracts from letters of Dr. Mellichamp, of Bluffion, S. C.
_ These letters give Dr, M.’s observations and experiments in re-

lation to the wonderful adaptations of Saracenia variolaris, Mchx)
for catching insects and converting them into food. This is one of
the most marvellous of the many extraordinary relations of plants

to insects. A notice attached to our copy of the Zribune states
that for a few days copies will be sent post-paid to any address

oe

28

in the United States on receipt of five cents for each.—8. Catalogue
of Plants growing without cultivation in the State of New Jersey,
with a Specific Description of all the Species of Violets found therein.
Directions for Collecting &c. Suggestions to Teachers, &e. To which
is added a Directory of living Botanists of Norh America and the West-
Indies. By Oliver R. Willis. J. W. Schermerhorn & Co., 14 Bond
street, N. Y. The Directory of Botanists is the Second Part of the
Bulletin’s Directory, copied bodily, not even the supplementary
corrections and additions which accompanied it being introduced,
nor those which were added in a subsequent number, not even the
important one of H. H. Babcock. We see that Mr. Willis has
obtained a copyright for his Catalogue, including our Directory,
which is not the least valuable part of it. We find it hard to un-
derstand this obliviousness of the rights of others.

As for the Catalogue itself, it is strange, in view of the pro-
fessions in the introduction, that the author should seriously
attempt a list of New Jersey plants, and not consult so read-
“ily accessible sources of information as Gray’s Manual and the
Bulletin of the Botanical Club. Yet many plants native to New
Jersey are entirely ignored by him, Cawlophyllum, Polanisia, Rham-
nus, Frangula, Eclipta, Lechea Nova-Coesarew, Pogonia divaricata,
for example; and, in his own favorite genus, Viola rotundifoha and
V. rostrata. We prefer not to dwell on the imperfections and faults
of the work. Mr. Willis’s contributions to the Flora of the State
of New York lead us to expect better things. There area number —
of interesting localities contributed by Mr. Canby, Prof. Porter,
Dr. Knighton, and others. :

$97. Dr. Chapman’s Herbarium.—We are informed that Dr.
Chapman is desirous of disposing of his Herbarium. It must be
valuable as containing the types of the new species described in
his “Flora of the Southern United States,” and as being rich in
Southern plants generally, now so difficult to obtain. His address
is Apalachicola, Florida.

s CYPERACEA,

‘CYPERUS L.—C. flavescens, L.; Borders of salt marshes and in-
bog meadows, Jorr. Cat.; Long Hill and Chatham, N. J., W. HZ L.
—C. diandrus, Torr.; “In salt marshes, Hoboken,” -Zorr. Cat. ;
frequent where water is brackish, State Flora: Var. castaneus, Tort. 3°
more common in the interior of the State, State Flora. Dr. Tor-
rey in his Catalogue, 1819, p. 90, says of his new species, that it 18°
rarer than C. Jlavescens, but not uncommon in Hoboken meadows,
generally in overflowed situations. We find the var. castaneus in
all directions around New York, and some rather bleached looking
specimens from muddy or “overflowed” situations, but doubt the
existence of any valid distinction. between the type and variety.

.If C. diandrus is more than an American variety of C. flavescens, —

Terms—One Dollar per annum beginning w.th the Ji poche ae ; ;
es : Directory alone, 30 cents. Back tole nad tie hand. ~ cues

The Clud will have no regular place of Meeting this Summer, while the Herbarium is trans-

, Ce a eee

Vol. V, No. 7.) Butterin oF THE Torrey Botanicat Cuus. [New York, July, 1874.

the only obvious distinction, in addition to those mentioned in the
Manual, are the greater breadth and commonly greater length of
the spikes. (C. flavescens does not seem to be common about New
York.—C. Nuttallii, Torr.; Long Island ; New Jersey ; Staten Island ;
N.Y. 1., State Flora, Abundant at Coney Island, Babylon, ete.
—C. erythrorrhizos, Muhl.; Edwards Pond, Suffolk Co.—C. inflexus,
Mubl.; Closter, 1861, not since found, Awstin.—C. dentatus, Torr. ;
N.J., Zorr. Cat. ; Sandy swamps, L. I. State Flora ; Staten Island,
Red Bank, Seuth Amboy, Bergen Point, W. H. L.; Closter, com-
mon, Austin. Abundant in Hamilton Co,, but in none of my spe-
cimens are there tubers attaced to the rhizoma, as stated in the
State Flora; almost every specimen is proliferous, W. H. Z.—
C. phymatodes, Muhl.; “On the sandy beach about Bath, L. I.”
Yorr, Cat.; Long Island, Ruger.—C. strigosus, L.; very common ;
N. Y.1—C. Michauxianus, Schultes ; common in the neighborhood
of N. Y., and Long Island, State Flora ; Harlem River, Torr, Her-
barium. ; Tottenville, W. H. L.; Closter, common, Austin.— -
C. Grayii, Torr.; abundant in the sandy parts of Long Island,
Staten Island, and New Jersey.—C. filiculmis Vahl,; common on
southern part of L. L.; Ruger, Staten Island; New York Island;
Closter, Austin ; Chatham. N. J.; generally common, State Flora,—
C. ovularis, Torr.; Closter, rare, Austin ; elsewhere not uncommon,
Bergen Point; Long Island; High Bridge, N. Y.; Staten Island,
etc.—C. retrofractus, Torr.; ‘‘I am pretty confident that I found
this species many years ago on the Island of New York and
on Long Island. It grows sparingly about Hoboken, and is not-
uncommon in pine barrens of New Jersey.” Torrey in State Flora.
We know of no one who has found it in this vicinity of late years.
gd loa. Richard. — D. spathaceum, Pers.; common; N.
ee
FUIRENA, Rottboll.—F. squarrosa, Mchx.; Ze Roy; Long Island,
State Flora; Suffolk Co., Miller & Young: Var. pumila, Torr. ;
Long Island, State Plora. ; :
ELEOCHARIS, lt. Br.—E. Robbinsii, Oakes ; Suffolk Co., Miller &
Young. -E. tuberculosa, Rk. Br.; Long Island, State Mora; New
Jersey Barrens, probably within our limits, W. H. Z.—E. obtusa,
Schultes; common; N. Y. L—E. olivacea, Torr.; Mohegan Lake,
Westchester Co., W. . Z.,; Long Island, near Babylon, State Flora:
Hackensack Marshes, abundant; Closter, common, Austin.—E. pa- —
lustris, R. Br.; common; N.Y. L : var, calva; Hackensack swamps. °
W. H. L.—£. rostellata, Torr.; common in the Hackensack Mea-
_ dows, and on Long Island. We believe that Dr. Allen was the first
to point out the curious habit of this plant in rooting from the
apex of the sterile shoots, forming loops which catch the feet of the
passenger.—E. intermedia, Schultes; In swamps, N. J., Zorr. Cat.
(“ Scirpus intermedius, Mahl. Gram.”)—E. tenuis, Schultes; com-
— moa; N. Y. [.2—E. melanocarpa, Torr. ; Suffolk Co., State Flora,
Miller & Young.—£. acicularis, R. Br.; common, particularly —
Abundant on Long Island.—E. pygmza, Torr.; commou near New
_ York, and on Long Island, State Flora; Closter, common, Austin,
_ Staten Island, Weehawken, dc. é

_ thriftily as either of these species.

30

§ 98. On the Calyptra in the Genus Archidium.—(In the year
1868, after long and patient search, I succeeded in finding the Calyptra
in the genus Archidium. Previous to this it appears never to have
been noticed by any one. I immediately communicated the dis-
covery to Mr. Sullivant, presuming that he would give us a correct
figure of this organ, and of its position with regard to the mature
capsule, in his promised “Supplement to Icones Muscorum.” But
learning from Mr. Lesquereux that he left no notes or drawings on
the subject, I have concluded to furnish for publication in the But-
LETIN a synopsis of my own notes.

In Archidium Ohioense, Schimp.,A. alternifolium,( Brid.) Sehimp.,
and A. tenerrimum, Mitt., the only species of the genus known to _
- me, almost immediately the capsule begins to form the calyptra
ceases to develop, and, rupturing partly around the base, is quickly
left at the base of the capsule, usually slightly adhering by a por-
tion of its margin to the apex of the vaginula. It consists of @
long style, slightly expanded and lobed at the base. The style at
length becomes curved, much flattened and oblique by being
crowded between the perichextial leaves and the capsule; it 18
many times longer thanin the genus Sympoma, Aust. (Micromitrium,
Musc., Appalach.), while the expanded portion is equally as minute
and as imperfectly developed. It occasionally ruptures, vertically,
throughout nearly the whole length of the style; in this case’a
portion of it is left on either side at the base of the saci a

§ 99. Rumex Patientia, L.—This introduced species of Rumex
appears to be litle known, though it has been in the country for
two hundred years. Is it actually rare, or has it commonly, been
overlooked ? Our Manuals of Botany do not furnish us with much

light on the subject. This plant has been known for a number of
years in Amherst, Mass., and during the past three seasons we have
found it not rarely in the neighboring towns, growing with
A. crispus and R. obtusifolius wonder the same conditions and as

_ It is’still more common at Highgate Springs, Vt., where for miles |
it may be seen on the roadside, and increasingly common as you
cross the Canada line. Specimens from all these localities have”
been submitted to competent authority and determined. Ra
_ Will not some of the readers of the ButLerin interest themselves
in the matter, and, by furnishing complete and mature specimens -
of all the less known Rumices in their vicinity, assist in determin-
ing more fully the range and character of the genus under con-
sideration ? H. G. Jessup, Amherst, Mass.
§ 100. Discharge of Pollen in the Paper Mulberry.—Some tw?
years ago (vol. ii, No, 4), this subject was presented in the BULLE
TIN, by my father, Dr. Martin, I had myself never seen the phe
nomenon of the explosive discharge of pollen by this plant, @
have consequently watched for it with much interest. This :
however, I have had the Opportunity not only of witnessing, bub
of studying, the whole process, : ae
It will be remembered that Broussonetia papyrifera is a diweio

31

tree, the staminate catkins of which, produced in immense numbers,
are loosely covered with the small apetalous, four-parted flowers.
The fallen catkins always exhibit the opened calices, with the four
stamens stretched out at full length and more or less reflexed.

_ On a warm morning, late in May, procuring a branch laden with
catkins, from a cluster of young trees where the discharge was in
full blast, I had repeated discharges take place while the branch
was held in the hand. The catkins were not fully expanded yet,
a few of the flowers only being open, with their reflexed and ex-
tended stamens, while the majority were closed or but half-opened.
The latter showed the stamens coiled over in a twisted arch or bow,
inwards and downwards, with the white anthers closely adjacent to
each other in tlie bottom and centre of the calyx-cup. I fixed my
eye on certain particular flowers, and watched them as long as I
had time, in hopes of seeing the actual opening and discharge; but
Nature will not hasten for our convenience. Other flowers would
send off a puff; but all was done in an instant, and I had not my
eye on the right one at the right time. Failing in this, I tried
loosening a stamen of a nearly-open flower, with a pin. Instantly

it sprang outward and backward, assuming the usual full-length .

retlexed position, and discharged its pollen in the manner observed,
the anther-cells springing open at the same moment, and appearing

empty as soon as the eye could note them. This I did over and :

over again, and always with the same result. In the still air of a
room, the pollen-cloud from a single anther could be distinctly
seen for about six inches from the point of discharge.

The anther-cells open at the same time with the springing out of |

the stamen ; but whether in consequence of striking against the stalk _ a

and the adjacent flowers, or independently, could not be deter-
mined, They appear for a very short time like exquisite little

valves of white silk, lustrous and delicate; but almost in a quarter 2

of an hour they begin to show signs of fading, and speedily assume
that withered aspect that is so familiar on the fallen catkins. ae
How far this whole phenomenon is familiar to botanists in general, —
I cannot say. Prof. Gray remarks of the section including this
tree with Morus proper and Maclura, “filaments inflexed in the _
bud, spreading elastically when the calyx expands.” The explosive
discharge, however, does not seem to be familiarly recognized. It

is about as complete and energetic a method for distributing the — a

pollen so as to reach the fertile trees, as can well be imagined. The
air around a staminate tree must be fairly charged with the grains
for days; and the lightest wind must carry them to long distances.
Unfortunately, the fertile trees are so scarce that, for the most part,
all this activity is but wasting the pollen “on the desert air”; and
I fear the species are dying out in the city, for it is only by offshoots
that any new trees are produced, ;

It may be well to add that all the evidence shows the process to
be purely mechanical, and in no way connected with any insect _
agency. There is nothing in these plain and odorless catkins to

attract insects; and the discharge goes on in the room, or even in
the hand, where no insect is near. D. 8. Martin, ©
Sune 25, 1874. 236 West Fourth St,

32

§ 101. New Comer.—I was handed the other day by a friend, a
plant from the neighborhood of Providence, which Sereno Watson
identifies as Crepis aurantiaca. I have never heard of it in this
vicinity before. Mr. Watson informs me that it is becoming intro-
duced at the East. W. W. Baizey.

§ 102. Connecticut Valley Botanical Society.—From a notice in
the Springfield Republican we learn that this Society had a very
animated meeting at Mt. Holyoke Seminary, Wednesday, June 10.
Prof. Biscoe demonstrated the course of the pollen tubes in Vinca
and Apocynum, I believe, for the first time. I hope this accom-
plished investigator will be able to demonstrate the origin of the
glands, which I was led to suspect come from the anthers, a suspi-
cion in which I found Schleiden had anticipated me. Schleiden,
however, from a study of Gomphocarpus and Hoya, almost con-
cludes that they are derived from the winged appendages of the

anthers ; it seemed to me, that, in Apocynum, they originated in the:

lower portion of the contents of the anther cell, 7.¢., were disinte-
grated pollen. Schleiden remarks that the investigation is one of

the most difficult. (Bull., Vol. IIL, $§ 81,89, 95, Vol. IV., $$ 3, 33.) _

The fact that Apocynum captures insects was well known. The re-
lation of this tothe fertilization of the plant I believe was first pointed
out by myself, though I found that Schleiden had already detected
and figured the true stigmatic surface and tissue. Thenotice of the
metting seems to ascribe more than his share to Prof. Biscoe, a
misapprehension for which I am assured he is not responsible. F
may here state that last summer, in Hamilton Co, Mii = found
some quite large lepidoptera captured by Apocynum androsemifo-
lum ; the name of the species, kindly given me by J. A. Linter,
through Prof. D. S. Martin, is Ctenucha Virginica, Charp., (@lau-
copis Latreillana, Kirby.) WS
_ $103. Darlingtonia as a Fly trap.—A lady writes thatin Nevada
City they use the leaves of Darlingtonia Californica in what
_ may be a useful as well as ornamental way by placing them upon

the tables, with alittle molasses smeared in the “throat” of the
tube to attract the flies. W. B.
53 Fulton St., N. Y. :
§ 104, Errata.—in Mr. Austin’s Musci, § 91, p. 24, Plagiothecium

Passaicense, 4th line, for “12-30 read “12-20;” Hylocomaium —
Flemmingii, 5th and 6th lines, for “ad basis..... . subquadrato—” —

read “ minute angusteque (ad basis an gulos subquadrato—”); for the
sentence on the page read “ The coste are wholly distinct at the
f se (wide apart and nearly parallel throughout).—g 94. Hysterium
ibrisedum, 34 line after the word “ bent,” add “.0011' x.0004' (at

the broad end.”) In April : ee ‘ont
read “ plateau.” pril No., p. 18, § 86, |. 19, for “¢ plantatio

oa eee 7D annum beginning with the January number. For the Botanical —

rectory alone, 30 cents. Back volumes on hand.

s

The Club will have no regular place of Meet Gu
: ting this Sum rium ig trans
‘Rerved 10 o “ak while the Herba oe

a

oe

Vol. V, No. 8.] BULLETIN or THE TorREY Botanicat Cus. [New York, Aug,, 1874.

§ 105. Suffolk County Notes.—Onopordon acanthium, L.—In
Prof. Peck’s Report for 1872 Greenport and Shelter Island are given

’ as new stations of this rare plant. I sawit about a year ago grow-

ing on the new camp-meeting grounds at the latter place, where it
will doubtless soon be exterminated in the course of the improve-
ments now waking. There it was small, and growing in dry, sandy
soil, doubtless stunted by the drouth; no specimens seen were more
than two feet in height, and none had bloomed by July 24th.
This season I saw a patch growing herein Northville, where part of
a boat load of ashes from the western part of the State or Canada
had been dumped last season; also near Riverhead, just inside the
fence bordering the highway, and in the edge of a field of oats a
row two rods in length was very conspicuous through June and
July, although I had never noticed any there before. They made a
splendid growth, attaining a height of six or seven feet, bloom-
ing abundantly all through July, and really looked as if they had
been planted there. After some scratches in the endeavor to ob-
tain specimens without a knife, I left them for a more convenient
season, but, when I passed that way again, found them ignominiously

pitched into the street.

In the Manual description, among the generic characters, I read
“bristles of the pappus—not’ plumose.” In all the specimens I
have examined the bristles have fine barbs pointing upwards. Is
not the term plumose rather indefinite ?

Block Island-—A recent visit to this little island proved it to be
the poorest locality for botanizing I had ever seen; the whole surface,
which bears much resemblance in configuratiou and character to
Montauk, being under cultivation and entirely destitute of trees or
shrubs, excepting a very few silver poplars in the sheltered angles
of dwellings. I don’t imagine that there is a single botanist among
the fourteen hundred inhabitants. The only spontaneous vegeta-
tion I noticed were Rumex crispus, Cirsium arvense, those horrible
pests, very abundant in fields near the landing, Lycium vulgare, the
Duke of Argyle’s “ tea-plant,” extensively planted for ornament and
escaping from cultivation in many places, and two or three common
water plants in a small pond. But the growth of marine alge was
to my eyes something wonderful. Never, even in tropical waters,
have I seen them growing with a tithe of the luxuriance they dis-_
play upon the rocks of a basin that is less than four years old.
There were forests of fucus, which with the wwva made a dense
covering for the rocks, and then there were huge rosettes ot kelp
from four to six feet in diameter, with waving fronds almost as long,
curving gracefully outwards. Altogether, they formed as brilliant
a parterre for a “sea-garden ” as heart could wish.

Cratzegus Crus-galli, L.—Notes made June 14th—Young thorns
14-2’ long, still soft and flexible, have several minute but distinct
triangular-lanceolate leaflets, thus adding another characteristic
to that of position in proof of their branch-like nature. I have
seen these thorns bearing true buds in winter—of course, from the
axils of the scale-like leaves. ‘These ugly thorns are then .degener-
ated or partially developed branches, serving to ward off animal
enemies. And another singular fact in this connection 1s that only

34

the first three or four leaves on the new shoots bear thorns in their
axils, the rest having only a single bud, which develops into a branch
the following spring, while upon each side of the thorns are the
supernumerary buds from which two shoots arise.

Plantago pusilla, Nutt.—This little plant I have noticed more fre-
quently the past Spring than ever before; by roadsides in sandy soil
and in grass fields as loamy as any of our lands they grow by the
thousand—more abundantly, I think, than any other species of the
genus. I must believe that botanists as well as others have over-
looked it on account of its minute size.

Additions to Suffolk Co. Catalogue——Thus far this season, Mr.
Miller and I have added to our list the following species: Spergula
subulata, Salix discolor, Menispermum Canadense, Bromus race-
mosus, B. mollis, B. sterilis (distinct from B. tectorum,) Trisetum
palustre, Katonia Pennsylvanica, Festuca nutans, Carex utriculata,
C. sublata, (dwarfform), Hrodium cicutarium, Crategus tomentosa,
Cardamine hirsuta, var. sylvatica. H. W. Youne.

AQuEBocuE, Aug. 4.

§106. Adaitions to the Bryology of the United States, by Chas.
Mohr. :
NO. 11.
Description of two new Musi from the Pacifie coast of the
United States. - So ihee
Lately [have come into possession of fine specimens of the Hyp-
num pseudo-sericeum, C. Maller, mentioned as new from Oregon
in the January number of the Bulletin, but too incomplete to al-
low the proper delineation of its characters. The author of the
species has drawn the following description from fertile specimens
of great perfection which I was enabled to forward to him.
4, Hypnum ( Homalothecium) pseudo-sericeum: C. Muller, 2.sp.
Dioicum ; laxe cespitosam procumbens vage ramosum pallide lutes-
cens flecuosum flaccidum, sericeum ramulis breviusculis apice brevi-
ter cuspidato eurvatis turyidulis mollibus; folia caulinalaxe conferta,
madore patula, e basi paulisper decurrente rotundata vix impressa
anguste vel latius lanceolata in acumen longiusculum acutatum
denticulatum, sepius semitortum cuspidata, irregudariter et indis-
tinete siulcata, profunde concava, margine e basi ultra medium val
de revoluto remote et obsolete denticulata, nervo angusto in acumr
ne dissolnto, cellulis ubique pallidis incrassatis angustissimis linia-
aribus striatulis; perich, externa minora ligulate ovata obtusata,
interna a basi late vaginata laxe elongate reticulata pallidissima
tenerrima flaccidissima sensim in acumen valde elongatum denticu-
latum angustius sed elongate reticulatum protracta erecto-patula
enervia; theca in pedunculo perbrevi rubente sepius valde flexuo”
so supra basin infimam valde tuberculosa erectiuscula vel V¥ —
inclinata swbito arcuata cylindrica glabra badia, ore constricto bru-
nea, calyptra firma truncatula levi; perist. d. ext. robusti rubigh
nos! valde cristate trabeculati albide limbati, int. in membrana
lutea teera valde reticulata, ciliis singulis vel binis. Meo
2 Ab Hypno sericeo proximo ciiteriis accuratius laudatis jam cert
distinc um pulcher:imum, moe:

35

Patria, Oregon, ubi Rev. R. D. Nevius secus Portland primum
legit, vere, 1873.

This beautiful Homalothecium seems to be quite frequent in Or
egon. In every lot of mosses received from different localities in
the eastern part of the State specimens of it have been found
mixed with Neckera Menziesii, Mnium Menziesii, undoubtedly
growing with those mosses on rich ground or upon moss-clad
rocks in shady places.

2, Bryum Atwateriz, C. Miller, x. spec., Bryum alpinum simil-
limum, e lutescenti-viridi purpurascens, robustum, strictum, ramis
longiusculis obtusatis uncialibus; folia caulina dense imbricats
madore vix patula, e basi angustiori latiuscule ovata ligulate ob-
tusata, profunde cochleariformia concava apice subcucullata, margi-
nee basi usque ad medium vel ultra valde revoluta integerrima,
firma, nervo e basi longe fibroso crasso flavido ante apicem evanido
cellulis ubique firmis pulchre lutescentibus parvis et inanibus basi
infima rectangularibus vel hexagonis laxioribus hie illic purpuras-
centibus. 5

Patria, California, prope Yosemite Falls, in terra saxosa, Mrs,
E. Atwater leg. wst., 1873. :
- About the particular habitat of this rare moss the discoverer
makes the following remarks, which might serve a future visitor
interested in botany to find more and fructi/erous specimens:

“Tt was foundatthe foot of a tree on the rocky ground at the
foot of the fall, where it was only temporarily the recipient of the
spray from the same, when the wind was in a favorable direction.
Earlier in the season, at a higher stage of the water, the locality
would doubtless have received constant moisture from this source.”

§ 107. Publications.—1. Report of the Botanist, Charles H. Peck,
published April, 1874, in advance of the Twenty-sixth Annual Re-
port on the New York State Museum of Natural History for the
year 1872. The industrious State Botanist here continues his con-
tributions to the Fungology of the State, and makes some interesting
observations in regard to some of the higher plants. Twelve of the
latter, including two Charas, are reported new to the State, six of
the twelve from Long Island, and heretofore mentioned in the
Butter, are to be found in Miller & Young’s Catalogue. The
others are: Pycnanthenum pilosum, Nutt, Wayne Co.; As-
plenium inontanum, Willd., Ulster Co., and the two Charas,
OC. hispida, C. Hedwigii, introduced; Torilis anthriscus, Gaert,
Buffalo; Chenopodium polyspermum, L, Onondaga County.
We notice that Mr. Gerard’s Peziza chrysophthalma has again
met with a typographical misfortune—2. Transactions of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society for the year 1874, Part T.;
devoted to Discussions on various subjects connected with Hor-.
ticulture, in which the Orchids have a large and interesting share
_ —3. Psyche, Organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club, edited

by B. Pickman Mann, Nos. I. to IV., May to August. Each No.
will contain at least four pages, price one dollar a year. This little
periodical follows the example of our Buitetin, beginning on a
small scale, intending to take root and grow. ‘The first No. con-

«

36

tains a valuable map of the limits of the alpine and subalpine dis-
tricts of the White Mountains.

§ 108. Negundo aceroides in New York.—An important addition
to the flora of New York has recently been made in the discovery
of Negundo aceroides, Moench, in a small piece of woods on the bot-
tom land of the Inlet valley, about two miles south of Ithaca.
There are a dozen or more plants, the largest being 30 to 40 feet in
height. They were first observed by one of our botanical students,
Mr. J. C. Branner, while out collecting. So far as I am able to
learn, this tree has never before been recorded as growing spontane-
ously within the limits of the State. A. N. PREnNTIss.

Cornetn University, June 25, 1874.

SCIRPUS, L.—S. planifolius, Muhl.; Palisades, common, Austin;
Richmond Hill, L. L., Ruger.—[.8. subterminalis, Torr.; not reported
in our limits, but to be looked for,as it is found in Suffolk Co. and
the New Jersey Pines.]|—S. pungens, Vahl; common; N. Y. Il.—
S. Olneyi, Gray; Junction of E. R. R. & N. R. of N. J., Allen.—S.
validus, Vahl; common.—S. debilis, Pursh.; N.J., Zorr. Cat.; Long
Island, State Flora, near Greenwood Cemetery, W. 77. LZ. ; near
Jamaica Pond, Ridgewood Aqueduct, Ruger; Closter, not rare, Austin;
Morristown, W. H. Z.—S. maritimus, L.; common; N. Y. I. ; var.
macrostachyos, Mchx.; Zorr. Cat. ; Suffolk Co, Miller & Young.
—S. atrovirens, Muhl.; common; prolific variety at East Williams-
burgh, Ruger.—S. polyphyllus, Vahl.; Staten Island ? ; Suffolk Co.,
Miller & Young.—S. lineatus, Mchx. ; Bergen Point, W. H. L.; Pali-
sades, Austin—§, Eriophorum, Mchx.; common; var. laxus, Ber-
gen Point, W. H. Z.; Long Island, Ruger.

ERIOPHORUM, L.—E. Virginicum, L.; common, but not re-
ported from N. Y. I.—E. polystachion, L.; Closter, common 1
South Jersey, Austin ; Long Island, Zorr. Cat.; Suffolk Co., Miller
& Young.—£. gracile, Koch, Var. paucinervium, Engelm. ; New
Durham Swamp (E. angustifoliam), 7orr. Cat. ; Centreville, &¢., —
1 1, Ruger ; Suffolk Co., Miller & Young.

FIMBRISTYLIS, Vahi.—F. spadicea, Vahl., var. castanea ; Hoboken,
Torr. Cat. ; Hackensack Meadows, Alen ; Salt marshes near N.
Y., State Flora ; N.Y. 1., Morris ; Suffolk Co., Miller & Young.—
F. autumnalis, common; N. Y. [., Morris.—F. capillaris, Gray ;
common; N. Y. I., Morris.

RHYNCHOSPORA, Vahl.—R. Torreyana, Gray; Barrens of New
Jersey, perhaps within our limits ——R. fusca, Rem & Schultes;
Moriches, L. I., State Flora; New Lots, L. 1, W. H. L.; Suffolk
Co., Miller & Young.—R. gracilenta, Gray ; South New York and ©
New Jersey, Gray’s Manual; Philipstown, Putnam Co., State —
Flora.—R. alba, common; N. Y. I., Morris.—R. capillacea, Tort; —
Putnam Co., Dr, Burratt in State Flora, perbaps in our limits.—-
R. glomerata, Vahl ; common; N. Y. I., Morris —R. cephalantha,
Torr. ; East New York, W. H. ZL. ; Islip, State Flora ; Sutfolk Gey

Terms—One Dollar per annum beginning with the January number. For the Botanical ine
Directory alone, 30 cents. Back volumes on hand. Hf

The Club will have no regular place of Meeting this Summer, while the Herbarium is trans-
Jerred to other rooms. Re

Vol. V, No. 9.] BULLETIN oF THE Torrey Boranicat Cuus. [New York, Sept., 1874,

Miller & Young; New Jersey, Austin, &c.—R. macrostachya,
Torr., and F. nitens, Gray, have been found in Suffolk Co., but
probably not in our limits.

CLADIUM, P. Browne.—C. mariscoides, Torr.; common VNORD AS
Morris.

SCLERIA, L.—S. triglomerata, Mchx.; Newark Meadows, Torr.
Cat. ; Chatham, N. J., Rockaway, L. L, W. H. LZ. ; Closter, rare,
Austin.—S. reticularis, Mchx. ; Suffolk Co., State Flora, Miller &
Young. —S. laxa, Torr.; “ Sandy swamps, L. L, common in pine
region of N. J.,” Stute Flora ; Le Roy.—S. pauciflora, Muhl.; Ze
Roy ; Rockaway, L.I., W. H. LZ. —S. verticillata, Muhl.; Hack-

_ ensack meadows, Allen, 1863; Trains Meadows, Woodside, L. I.,

detected on a field day of the Club, Aug. 27 last,by Mr. Ruger,
who pointed out that the lower sheaths were retrorsely hairy, and a
tuft of it decidedly fragrant. It grows in the’same locality with
frangula: apparently annual. ‘

N.B. We do not like to enter upon the difficult genus Carex
without more help. oo

§ 108. Erodium cicutarium, L’Her.—In one of the earlier num-
bers of the Butietin for 1873, Prof. James Hyatt reported a field’
in Poughkeepsie as a new station for this plant. Having learned
the exact locality from Prof. H.,I visited it a few days ago, and
found thousands of the plants in flower, densely carpeting a space
at least sixty or seventy feet square, at the spot he indicated, and
also, various small patches at various points in the field, somewhat
removed from the original station, The plants are well established,
and have evidently been growing in their present locality for
years. : W. R. Gerarp.

June 11, 1874.

§ 109, Solea concolor, Ging.—Last May, I detected Solea concolor,
Ging., in a cold mountainous woods about a mile from the village of
Pine Plains. It was growing very luxuriantly—many of the stems |
being all of three feet in height—and covered several acres of
Ground, almost to the entire exclusion of other herbaceous

Plants. Recently I gathered a number of specimens in fruit, which
have in full the peculiar characteristics of the violet order. :

_ With the exception of the single specimen in frait, detected in
1864 by Mr. I. H. Hall at Tarrytown, I believe it has not been
_ hitherto reported as found east of Palmyra. This station, in addi-—
_ tion to the fact that the plants grow very abundautly, is yet east of

Mr, Hall’s at Tarrytown, being only about eight miles from the Con-
necticut State line. Pine Plains is in the north-eastern part of
Dutchess County, about twenty miles northeast of Poughkeepsie, —
_ and is a few miles south of the parallel of latitude (the 42d) which
_ forms the northern boundary of Pennsylvania. _ -
In the next month’s Bulletin, I shall give a list of those plants
growing about Pine Vlains which are rag regarded as sesh
or rare, and of those whose usual habitat is reported generally
(particularly in the “ State Flora”), to be to the north or the south
_ Of this latitude. A few of them, as will be seen, without being so
- Marked as Solea concolor, Ging., are, nevertheless, usually thought

38

to be almost as great strangers in this—the south-eastern part of
the State. - L. H. Hoysrapr.

Pine Plains, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1874. :

§ 110. Publications.—We have received: 1. Zhe American Gar-

den, New Series. Vol. I, No. 1, a Monthly Illustrated Journal,
Devoted to Garden Art, edited and conducted by James Hogg.
Beach Son & Co., Publishers, 76 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y.—2.
Revised Catalogue of North American Ferns, compiled by Wm.
Edwards, South Natick, Mass., Aug. 1874. Price of Catalogue,
25 cents per dozen. The varieties “peculiar to North America”
are marked with an asterisk. Is not Pellea Wrightiana one of
these ?—3. Psyche, No. 5.—4. A prospectus of a Mycotheca
Universalis, by F. Baron Thumen, Bayreuth, Bavaria. Three cen-
tenaries, ‘‘ by no means more,” of exsiccated fungi, “loosely wrap-
ped in paper envelopes,” will be issued yearly at 15 francs a cen-
tenary.

§ 111. Block Island has not been wellexplored. Dr. Robbins was _
there in Sept. 1829, and made discovery of some rare New England
plants, and I have been there ocvasionally since. i

Rarities—i. The large white lily of the pond near the Spring
House is probably Nymphaea tuberculosa, Paine, S. 7. O., 1874.—2.
Arenaria squarrosa, Mchx., Robbins, 1829.—3. Myriophyllum
scabratum, Mchx., Robbins, 1819, 8.7. O., 1848! and Point Judith,
1848,—4, Hydrocotyle interrupta, DC., 1848, 8.7.0.—5. Anagallis —
arvensis, L., 1848, 8.7.0., also Newport R.L, Geo Hunt.—6. —
Blitum rubrum, Reich. (B. maritimum, Nutt.), S. T. O., 1848.
—i. Leptochloa fascicularis, Gray, Robbins, 1829; 8.7. 0., 1848.

Fine specimens of Rumex maritimus, L., and extreme glaucous
_ forms of Polygonum glaucum, Nutt., occur here. S. P.O

Providence, Set. 12, 1874. ci

§ 112 Catskill Ferns.—During a short stay at the Catskills, re —
cently, I found a locality of the Aspidium aculeatum, var, Braunll,
in the Clove ravine. I do not know whether the locality is new oF
not. Near by I found a limited locality of Pella gracilis, Hook.
This locality of the Aspidium aculeatum, var. Braunii, seems t?-
consist mainly of thrifty new plants: no plants appearing to be
more than three years old. Another station of this fern was
discovered in the same. ravine, at about: the same time, about hab
a mile farther down, by Miss Emily Jenkins, of New York City.
This last mentioned station seemed to consist almost exclusively ©
very yourg plants, quite numerous, and all very thrifty. In
same ravine, within the space of a very few rods, I detected ©
following nineteen species of ferns: Polypodium vulgare,
Pteris aquilina, L., Pellaea gracilis, Hook, Asplenium Trichomal
ZL, A, filix-foemina, Bernh., Phegopteris polypodioides, Fee,
hexagonoptera, Fée, P. Dyopteris, Fée, Aspidium Thelypter
Swartz, A. Noveboracense, Swartz, A. Spinulosum, Swartz, (small
var. of A.dilatatum, Swartz), A.marginale, Swartz., A. acrostich'
Swartz, A. aculeatum, Swartz, var, Braunii, Koch, Cystopteris
sip, bt Onoclea sensibilis, L.,W oodsia Ivensis, &. Br., 0!

a Claytonia, Z., 0. cinnamonea, Z. Outside of the ravine 1!
also Osmunda regalis, Z., and Dicksonia punctilobula, Kunze

39

I cannot think that the list would stop here if I had had time to hunt
farther. At several spots in the ravine one could count eight spe-
cies within reach of his hand.

I could not help noticing that the Phegopteris polypodioides and
the P. hexagonoptera approached each other in form much more
nearly than I had been accustomed to see in Western N. Y.; and
I was almost in doubt whether both forms in the Catskills are not
the same species. As seen in Western N. Y., there seems to be a
_ wide difference between them: not only in form and size, but in
the several amounts of potash contained in the ashes of the two
respectively. The P, hexagonoptera (as in a previous note of mine
in the BuLLetrn) seems to burn without leaving any other residue
than a white globule of carbonate of potash. Still, the matter
needs further observation and experiment. '

I also found, under Haines’ Falls, one specimen of Microstylis
monophyllos, in fruit, Isaac H. Hatt.

36 Pine Street, N. Y., Sept. 2.

§ 113. Vandalism.—Last season a lady discovered in Hunter
township, Greene Co., N. Y., the only locality known in the State
of the beautiful climbing fern, Lygodium palmatum. The news
got abroad and we are told that the plant is now completely extir-
pated. The true lover of the vegetable world is not guilty of such |
thoughtlessness, and often refrains from gathering a rare specimen,
or at least the root of a perennial, from a nice sense of what appears
a loving mercy to the plant, but is in reality a refined humanity.
He himself may expect never to revisit the spot, but he thinks that
some other eye may be delighted as his has been. We have
friends who are very sensitive on this point. It would be well
to avoid communicating the knowledge of rare localities to the un-
discerning, or to open their eyes to the wickedness of destroying the
helpless strangers. Connecticut has a law protecting the climbing

ern.

§ 114. Desmodium and Lespedeza—I was much interested by
the notice in the April number of the Bulletin, § 89, of Desmodium
humifusum, Beck. Twelve years ago I found it in circumstances
entirely favorable to its being a hybrid of D. rotundifolium and
D. rigidum, ov D, Dillenii. All three, if I mistake not, growing —
abundantly with it. Two plants in separate localities were all I
could find, and though I have repeatedly searched for it since, it
has never been found again. It seems to me also very plain that
Lespedeza Stuvei is also a hybrid between ZL, violaceaand L. hirta,
Its appearance and situation, growing with both of the above as I
have observed it both in Providence, R. L, and aa (0% Mass.,
carry strong conviction to my mind J. W. Conepon,

115. New Fungi, by W. R. Grrarnp.—Wo. IV. ee
tilbum aurifilum. (x. sp.)—Stems slender, thickened at base
and apex, composed of smooth, orange-yellow fibres. Head
_ globose, white, persistent after the plant is dried. — oe
Springing in dense numbers from a web-like mycelium running
- over the pores of Daedalea unicolor. Stems about one-twentieth |
of an inch high. es

_ Poughkeepsie, Aug. and Sept. : .

40

Ceratium insociabile (7. sp.)—Clavulae delicate, white, resem-
bling prickles, forming a fascicle ; spores oblong, hyaline .0002' long.

On under surface of leaves of Smilax herbacea. In the very few
specimens I have found the fascicle bas been solitary and situated
on the mid-vein, exactly in the centre of the leaf.

Poughkeepsie, summer, rare.

Acidium Chelonis, (n. sp.)—Spots small, circular, greenish-yel-
low, peridia few, circinating, margin fimbriate, at first white then
yellow; spores globose, orange-yellow.

-On under surface of leaves of Chelone glabra.

Poughkeepsie, June. eo

Acidium minutissimum. (x. sp.)—Spots flesh-colored. _ Peri-
thecia very minute, sparse (one or two only on each spot). Spores
chrome-yellow.

On leaves of Hypericum mutilum in company with Uromyces
Hyperici. The plants are so minute that they can scarcely be seen
except with the lens.

Poughkeepsie, Oct. and Nov. :

Peziza nigropunctula. (n. sp.)—Cups stiped, black, minute; Asci
clavate, .0005’ long, spores hyaline, oblong, .0002’ long.

On newly-cut chips of oak wood. Poughkeepsie, Summer.

Triblidium dealbatum. (x. sp.)—Scattered over pallid spots:
perithecia elliptical, black, without strie; lips at length widely
gaping and exhibiting a somewhat rugose black disk. Asci clavate ;
spores broadly oval, oiten slightly obovate, about 8-septate .0015x-
-0006’, the cells filled with granular matter, very pale straw color
almost hyaline. *

On bark of living Syringa Vulgaris, Perithecia very small and
often triangular in outline, like those of T. Aiascens, B. & C. The
pallid spots over which the plants are scattered give a peculiar look
to the trunks.

Pleasant Valley, N.Y.

_ Hysterium (gloniuwm) parvulum, (n. sp.)—Perthecia roundish or
elongated, obtuse at the ends, smooth, black, without strie; spores
oval, hyaline, 1-septate .0002'—.0003’ long. oe

_ Growing in parallel series in denuded wood of Alnus serrulata. —

Poughkee sie, Bo

Dothidea Linderz. (n. sp.)—Stroma black, erumpent, roundish
_ or oblong, often confluent, surface convex, papillate. Asci?
Spores oblong, pale brown, 1-septate, .0006’x.0002’, a

Bursting through bark of dead Lindera Benzoin. me
_ Diatrype exasperans. (n. sp.)—Perithecia subglobose, immersed —
in an olive-green stroma which elevates the bark and protrudes —
through, forming elongated pustules. Asci cylindrical. Spores —
broadly oval, obtuse l-septate, constricted at the septum, ark- ae
a ae .0006’x.0003’. —

n back of Fagus ferruginea, giving ita very rough appearance. —

New Paltz Litting. xX. — oe amen 2 ae

Terms—One Doliar per annum oeginning with the January number, For the Botanical

Directory alone, 30 cents, Back volumes on hand. a

_ “The Club will have no regular place of Meeting this Summer, while the Herbarium is rans
5 Jerred to other rooms. pes Me

Vol. V., No. 10.] BUuLLeTin oF THE Torrey Boranicat CLus. [New York, Oct,, 1874.

-§ 116. Grasshoppers.—No ornamental plant is more frequently
found in country gardens and escaped to the roadside than Hem-
erocallis fulva, L., the common Orange Day Lily, so called, because
the flowers which open in the morning close at or toward night.
They are to be seen next day twisted up, and remaining for a day
or so, shrivel up and fall off. On opening one of these twisted
flowers one morning in July, I was surprised to find in it a good-
sized and vigorous grasshopper, who was doubtless equally sur-
prised and rejoived to be delivered from his prison. I had often
fonnd the dead bodies of grasshoppers clinging to the tops of grass
culms or other slender plants, and supposed that the insect had
climbed, in its feeble old age, to enjoy the warmth of the sun or es-
cape the chill dews nearer the ground. The following evening being
cool (it was in the northern part of the State) and clear, and pro-
mising a cold night, I examined the flowers about closing, and in
two cases found a grasshopper resting near the bottom of the cup.
I looked for them again in the morning, but they had made their
escape, perhaps alarmed by the gradual closing of the flower. The
remaining evenings of my stay were not clear, nor dewy, and I
found no more grasshoppers in the flowers. W.H. L.6

§ 117. Helianthus tnberosus, L.— We have referred in another
article to the question of the origin of the common Artichoke. We
condense what DeCandolle says on the subject:

The root has been cultivated in Europe since the beginning of the
seventeenth century, as coming from America. Columna, one of
the first to speak of it, saw it in the Farnese garden, and names it
Aster Peruanus tuberosus. Bauhin, in 1619, calis it Chrysanthemum
latitolium Brasilianum. Parkinson gave it the name of Battatas
Canadensis. Several authors of this period give the vague epithet
Indicum, Linnzeus adopted the opinion of the Canadian origin,
which is decidedly an error, at least as to Canada properly so
called, but the term might very well apply to the more southern
regions formerly vaguely comprised under the name of Canada.
The plant has not been found wild anywhere. From its mode of
lite it ought to come from a temperate climate, and, according to
all the evidence, from America. I doubt its being a native of Bra-
zil, for of forty species described in the Prodromus there is not
one of that country. The Peruvian origin has in its favor the
name at the time of its introduction, and the fact that there exist
two or three Helianths in the chain of the Andes. Nevertheless,
Humboldt did not see the species cultivated in any part of the
Spanish colonies, and the great majority of the species of the
genus come from Mexico and the United States. Martius did
not see the Artichoke in Brazil. ae

According to Dr. Gray, the best guide in North American
botany, the probable original is our 4. doronicoides, which bas
a “root stock thickening into elongated tubers.” Man. 5th edit.,
page 258. ae vee a

- firmly rooting. Flesh and gills white, the latter changing to ful .
_ vous hue in drying. Slightly acrid. Stem very glutinous, at length

42

§ 119. Cephalanthus occidentalis, L.—A number of years ago,
when I was beginning to botanize, and first found this plant, on the
outlet of Owasco Lake, where it grows luxuriantly, I found, on ex-
amining the specimens I had gathered, that they had all the flowers,
without exception, with a 5-parted corolla It puzzled me greatly,
though I finally made it out; but never since then have I seen it
with any 5-parted corollas. Later observation has made me fa-
miliar with such freaks, but the fact seems worth recording.

I cannot help observing here, that wherever I have seen this
plant, except when cultivated, [have always found Saururus cer-
nuus growing near it. In the locality above mentioned, particularly,
the Saururus grows in great luxuriance, filling the little bays and
coves in the outlet; so that the waves from a passing boat make it
nod tnd undulate; looking much like a field of grain waving in the
wind.

This again reminds me that Mr. Bower has frequently told me
that he never found Schizea pusilla far away from Lycopodium
Carolinianum, ‘This association of plants, of which doubtless many
more instances might be given, is frequently an index showing»
where to look for a desired specimen. L Hobe

§ 120. Asclepias verticillata, L.—Mr. F. A. Pollard has given us
a bit of this plant which he gathered at High Bridge, the 24th of
last August. Mr. O. W. Morris had previously found it on New
York Island, but it has not hitherto been reported from here. Pr
- $121. New Fungi, by E. C. Howx, Yonkers, N. Y.—Wo. 71.

1. Agaricus (Amanita) onustus, . sp.—Pileus 5-6 in. broad,
brownish gray, clothed with dust colored warts which easily rub
off (persistent about the dark centre), leaving spots of a deeper
brown; margin thick, not at all striate; stem 3 in. high, 1 in. thick, —
_ attenuated upwards, enlarging as it enters the cap, farinose, ring-
_less, white, stuffed, concentrically squamulose below, the large bulb

_ hard and fibrous. June. Deeply shaded grass land. oe
2. Agaricus (Amanita) soleatus, 7. s.—Pileus 2-24 in. broad,
fulvous brown, somewhat uneven, with patches of tomentum,
_ Sprinkled with a fine, dingy, yellow powder; margin thin, striate; —
‘Stem 2 In, high, 3-4 lines thick, ringless, smooth, attenuated down —
wards, fistulose ; yolva 1 in, broad, even, entire or with a shallow —
Wao 3. gills whitish, changing toa cinerous brown in drying. June.
8. Dothidea abnormis, n. sp. —Stroma, irregular, carbonaceous,
uneven; asci, long, cylindrical, containing 8 oblong-elliptic, brown:
uniseriate spores. The basal portion often extended into a thin
layer. Resembles Hypoxylon. On Smilax rotundifolia.
4.D iatrype (Diatrypella) prominens, 7. sp.—Prominently rat
above the inner bark, the ruptured epidermis adherent, someti!
lobed, brown, black, or gray, subrotund, often confluent; pe
cia globose, covered with a whitish stroma; ostiola large, b
_ asci clavate or subfusiform; sporidia numerons, curved, yello
a without nuclei. Bark of Platanus. On fallen wet bark th
- are green and distorted. = anc a

43

4. Hygrophorus Peckianus, n. sp.—Odorous, rather firm, grega-
rious or subcespitose; pileus fleshy, convex or slightly depressed
in the centre, smooth, hygrophanous, fuliginous when moist, paler
or buff-brown when dry, the margin decurved and sometimes wavy ;
lamellz subdistant, broad, thick, arcuate, decurrent, pallid when
young, becoming darker with age ; stem smooth, stuffed or hollow,
subflexuous, often compressed and attenuated below, colored like
the pileus; spores subglobose, rough, .0002 in. in diameter.

Plant 1-2 in. high, pileus 5-10 lines broad; stem about 1 line
thick, é

Ground under Pteris aguilina. Lake Pleasant, August.

Odor quite strong, resembling that emitted by some species of |
Golden-eyed lace-wing flies (Chrysopha). The color of the moist
plant is- almost exactly like that of Lactarius jfuliginosus, Fries.
Related to Hygrophorus Cantharellus, Schw.

5. Microspneria Viburni, Hrysiphe Viburni, Schw.?—Mycelium
web-like ; conceptacles scattered, globose; appendages less than
20, longer than the diameter of the conceptacles, dichotomously
branched, the tips slightly or much curved; sporangia 6-10, with
usually 6 spores. 4/. sparsa, Howe. Leaves of Viburnum. The
older name is here restored.

6. Uromyces Ari-Virginici. Uredo Ari-Virginici, Schw., Uro-
myces Peltundre, Howe.—Sori oblong, often confluent; spores sub-
globose, irregular, brownish, pedicels sometimes rudimentary.
Leaves of Peltandra and Arisema. Here also the older name is re-
stored.

7. Spheria platanicola, 2. syp—Perithecia seated within the inner
Dark, scattered, minute, black, subconical, the apex somewhat com-
pressed, just piercing the epidermis ; asci cylindrical, or subclavate ;

spores uniseriate, light brown, about 8-septate, strongly resembling

those of Cucurbitaria elongata,Grev. Branchlets of Iatanus.
§ 122. Lechea.—I have tor some years been engaged in‘collecting

Specimens of this genus, which promises a greater variety of speci-

fic forms than has generally been suspected. I think Michaux’s |
L. racemulosa and L. tenuitolia will have to be restored, and suspect —

that there are several other species confounded under the name of —_

L. minor, °

My principal object in writing the present note isto ask contribu. |

tion or loan of specimens of Lechea from those who may have |
noticed and gathered varieties of this genus. I desire to learn, ©
as nearly as pos-ible, the extent of distribution of each form, In
Florida, near Tampa Bay, Rugel found a very rough species, with

many stamens, having short and broad leaves, which Shuttleworth | -

in Dr. Gray’s specimen had labelled Z. divaricata. Beyond that

in Dr. Gray’s herbarium, I know of only one other specimen,

which is.in Paris. . OE oe
A number of botanists have most kindly supplied me with speci- —
mens, but there are many parts of the Union and of Canada from
-. which no Lecheas have reached me. I have none from Western
_ New York, and few from the Southern Alleghanies and theadjacent
States, where Rafinesque claims to have seen several peculiar forms.

Does ZL. major grow in Canada?

44

Specimens of Lechea are generally best gathered in the fall of the a
year, when the fruit is mature and the root leaves are forming or “
formed. Ihave, however, gathered good specimens in this latitude ;
as late as December.

: Wma. H. Leeeetr.
224, EK, 10th St., New York.

§ 123. New Publications—1. Zhe Ornamental and Useful
Plants of Maine. Part I, by F. Lamson Scribner, B. 8. Printed
for the author, Augusta, 1875. This is a popular account of the
‘ornamental and useful” plants of Maine, with a number of good
illustrations, following the order of Gray’s Manual, and reaching
to the end of Caprifoliacee. We hope Mr. Scribner will feel en-
couraged to complete his charming and useful work—.2. A copy of
the Springfield Republican, which we cannot put our hands upon,
contained gratifying evidences of the vitality of the Connecticut
Valley Botanical Association. 3. Darlingtonia Californica, an In-
sectivorous Plant, read at the Hartford meeting of the American
Association, by Wm. M. Canby, Philadelphia, The Gardener's
Monthly Print, with an engraving of the plant: a valuable paper,
supplementary to the interesting observations on Sarracenia.—t.
The American Garden, New Series, Nos. il. & Ill. We observe.
that the editor quotes very largely from the BuLietry, and in doing
so-mestions our Club in a manner trying to its modesty. The —
Garden contains much interesting reading ; the articles on Hardy
Ferns and Aquatic Plants, for example, will interest cultivators of
our indigenous plants. According to De Candolle (Geog. Bot. p..
821), the Nation is right in doubting the Brazilian origin of
Helianthus tuberosus, but why did it not, while parading its
botanical learning, give its source, as requested? It seems to us
_ , that in this way the credit of “literary men” would have been

better maintaimed. :

§ 124. Jasminum revolutum, Sims.—-Prof. D. 8. Martin has writ-
ten us a note, calling attention to an error in Gray’s Field, Forest —
and Garden Botany, in regard to the number of ovules in each eell of |
Jasminum. In examining a large number of blossoms from a bush
of J. revolutum, he found that “each cell contained two well de-
veloped ovules. One or two of the flowers had three celled —
ovaries, “two of the cells having two ovules, while in the thitd.
but one was distinctly observable.”

ee 4

It is not surprising that, in so condensed a hand-book, covering
so wide a field, this exception should have been overlooked. ‘The —
deviation in the number of cells is a variation like that in Cephalan-_
thus mentioned above by Mr. Hall, :

Terms—One Dollar per annum beginning with the January number. For the Botanical 2
Directory alone, 30 cents. Back volumes on hand, :

The Club meets reguiarly the last Tuesdvy of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia Col-
lege, at ig P.M. ae

Vol. V, No. 11.] Buttetin or THe Torrey Botantcat Cus. [New York, Nov,, 1874.

$125. The Club at Central Park.—On Saturday, Nov. 7th, the
Club visited the conservatory in Central Park, where the manager,
Mr. Robert Demcker, a brother member, received them with the
greatest cordiality, and was unwearied in pointing out and explain-
ing his treasures. Mr, Ruger has supplied us with the following
notice of some interesting plants.—Plants under shelter; Coffea
Arabica, in fruit; Siphonia elastica, India-Rubber tree; Hura
erepitans, called “ Monkey’s Pistol,” from the loud noise made by
the explosion of the ripe fruit; Zheophrasta imperalis ; Hippomane
Mancinella, Manchineel tree (by some called the “Upas tree.”) The
true Upas tree, Antiaris toxicaria, is a congener of the Breadfruit
tree, Artocarpus incisa, (but the Manchineel is nearly or quite as
poisonous as the Upas); Cyperus papyrus, in fruit; Eucalypti
species ; Aralia Japonica, in flower; Aralia papyrifera, of which
the Chinese make their rice paper, in flower; Mespilus Japonica,
the Chinese Medlar, in fine flower; several species of Peperomia in
flower.—Plants out-doors: Gymuotrir Japonica, a Japanese grass,
_ growing also around the fountain in Union Square, in fruit; scholt-
zia Californica, in flower; Sanvitalia procumbens, in flower.
. § 126. New species of Fungi, found at Newfield, N. J., by J. B,

LLIS, :

1. Agaricus (Lepiota) noctiphilus.—Subcespitose, pileus carnose,
cylindric-hemispheric, becoming convex, and even concave, and
rather broadly umbonate, sulcate-striate around the margin, the
strive finally extending nearly to the centre, dotted, especially in
the disk, with fine black scales, which may be easily rubbed off.
Flesh white, thin, almost disappearing towards the margin; gills
hardly crowded, rounded behind, free, margius serrulate, color white,
stem slender, about one inch long; stuffed, loosely farinose-squamose,
annular marked above the middle and surrounded by a distinet
black line at base, spores short, obl. about .0002 long. ileus not
over 1 across; Mycelium abundant, white.

On asloping bank of earth in an unfinished cellar, July.

2. Agaricus (Tricholoma) microsporus.—Pileus }—j across,
carnose, thin, slightly rugose, covered with a glaucous bloom, becom-
ing faintly zonate in drying, dull reddish-purple; gills deeply and nar-
rowly sinuate and narrowly attached at the summit of the stem,
hardly crowded, about }’ broad, pale purplish at first, becoming
reddish-yellow ; stem about 1’ long and 1 thick, fistulose, finely
pubescent under the lens, with long, spreading, pale-yellowish hairs
at base. Spores minute, nearly round .00015 —.0002 in diameter.

Among sphagnum inthe Swamp. July—October.

8. Agaricus (Clitocybe) trullissatus.—Pileus carnose, plano-con-
vex, at length depressed in the centre, innate, fibrose-squamose be-
coming smoother in the disk, margin thin; gills unequal, not
crowded, coarse and thick, adnate with a decurrent tooth, at length

white-pulverulent, purple-violet at first, becoming dark brick red.

_ Stem stuffed, fibrillose, with a long club-shaped base ——
ar at into thesand. Spores large, cylindric-oblong .0006 to .000
sty, oe aes Ses ae ? .

46

In old sandy fields, Sept.—Oct. The interior of the stem im the
young plant is, like the gills, violet-purple, and the club-shaped base
is covered with a tomentose coat, to which the sand adheres tena-
ciously.

Related to A. laccatus and A. ochropurpureus, B.

Hymenochete agglutinans.—Of rather loose textureand of alight
yellow color at first, becoming firmer and of a light tan color or
rufous tint as the bristles are developed ; closely adnate with a de-
terminate margin which is tomentose at first; forming orbicular or
elongated patches or sometimes entirely surrounding the twig or
limb ou which it grows for an inch in length,

Common in Autumn in swampy thickets on Andromeda, Vaccin-
tum, &c., without much discrimination, fastening the stems or
branches together wherever a dead twig or branch lies in contact
with a living one; turns black and dries up during the winter.

Helotium naviculasporum.—Stipitate, firm, white, becoming pale
yellow ; disk convex about 1-20’ across, stem about the same length ;
asci rather broad; paraphyses slightly thickened above; sporidia
about .001 long, broad boat-shaped, filled with granular matter.

On old leaves decaying in stagnant water, July.

Exobasidium discoideum.—Fleshy and firm, but of looser texture :
within ; at first turbinate and concave above, but the margin soon
expands so that the fungus takes the shape ot a double convex lens
1—2 across and $—% thick; pale green and smooth beneath, hy-
menial surface soon white pruinose, but assuming a pale lilac tint in’
drying. Sporesas in Z Andromede, Pk., obscurely uniseptate and
bent at one end, about .0008" long. Ss
J — to the under side of the leaves of Azalea viscosa,

uly. aise

Sphaeria pyriospora.—Perithecia nestling in the inner bark,
_ Scattered or subconfluent, often seriately arranged, rupturing the
_ epidermis longitudinally, white within becoming black; ostiola

‘slightly prominent, minute; asci cylindric, turgid; sporidia long

Afb, about 0012’ long, crowded in the asci. Spermatia oblong
Mminu ost 2 : Pets

On dead branches of Ohionanthus Virginica, May.

_Gymnosporangium biseptatum.—On branches of White Cedar
Appearing in April, bursting through the epidermis in little reddish
chestnut colored velvet-like patches which, about the middle of
_ May, pass to the tremelloid state, swelling out into gelatinous

masses the size of large peas; not so distinctly foliaceous as in @-
Juniperi. Spores long pedicellate, mostly biseptate.

The portion of the branch occupied by the fungus becomes en-
larged, swelling out on all sides and increasing in size from year to
year till finally branches no larger than a pipe stem bear oblong
swellings an inch or more in diameter and four or five inches long.
Sometimes the fungus attacks the trunk of a small tree or some of
the larger branches, causing swelliags of a much larger size. |

§ 127. Flora of Pine Plains, Dutchess Co.. N. Y. by Lyman H.
Hoysrapt,—Wo, I. . 5 pg
The following list comprises some of the more uncommon plant
_ which T have detected up to this time growing within five miles of

47

the village of Pine Plains. The physical features of the township
are sufficiently varied to give this section certain botanical advan-
tages not usually possessed by many others. First, there is Stissing

~ Mountain, which consists of two adjoining peaks, or gradual eleva-

tions, one of them rising above the plain to the height of nearly a
thousand feet. On or near its nearly naked summit grow Potentilla
tridentata, Ait., Betula papyracea, Ait., Prunus pumila, L., etc. The
mountain, which is about six miles in length, has no connection with
any other range—being not quite equi-distant from the Taghkanic,
Catskill and Fishkill ranges, Oar hills, with exception of the moun-
tain, are mostly limestone —the plain being a sandy loam. There are
over a thousand acres of untilled marsh land in town, besides quite
a number of large cold swamps; in the marshes flourish Betula pu-
mila, L., Blephilia hirsuta, Benth., Andromeda polifulia, L., Myrica
Gale, L., Menyanthes trifoliata, L., and a number of other plants un-

“usual for this latitude. All this, with five or six good sized ponds

and three large creeks flowing through the township—making a sec-
tion diversified with mountain, plain, hills, valleys, ponds, creeks,
swamps, and marshes—cannot fail to offer a most inviting field to
the active botanist.

I take, I trust, only a pardonable pride in the goodly number of
Ferns, Solidagos and Potamogetons—my favorite order and two
favorite genera—which grow here within two and a half miles of
the village. Of Solidagos I have already detected, within the above
small cireuit, twenty different species, and thirty-three species of
Ferns, besides three or four varieties of the latter. In a future arti-
cle, I shall give their names in full; ; :

“Clematis verticillaris, DC.; Frequent ; common in the ravines of
Stissing Mt.

Anemone cylindrica, Gray ; rare. roe
ee acutiloba, DC.; rare ; sparingly on back slope of Stissing
Mt.
Ranunculus multifidus, Pursh.—not common; in streams on

Stissing Mt.

Coptis trifolia, Salisb. ; common.

Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx. ; rather common; abundant
along base of Mt. Ararat, with Solea concolor, Ging.

Podophyllum peltatum, L., not rare.

Sarracenia purpurea, L., quite common. —

Corydalis aurea, Willd., frequent on Stissing Mt.

Fumaria officinalis, L., eseaped from gardens, s

Dentaria maxima, Nutt., not common; rich soil, in deep ravines
of mountain.—D. diphylla, L., and D. laciniata, Mubl., both very
common, : ae:

Arabis hirsuta, Scop., A. levigata, DC., and A. Canadensis, L., are
all common on Stissing Mt. and frequent on wooded hills.

Lepidium campestre, L., rare.

Solea concolor, Ging, abundant on slope of Mt. Ararat.

Viola Selkirkii, Goldie, near or on Mt. Ararat, M. E. V. (?)

Hypericum ellipticam, Hook., in Wappinger’s Marsh. | :

Silene noctiflora, L., frequent along fences and roadsides. 8. in-

-flata, Smith, becoming common along our two railroad lines.

48

Stellaria longifolia, Muhl., rare, Silvernail marsh. S. borea-
lis, Bigelow, frequent ; more common than §. longifolia.

Claytonia Virginica, L., not common; grows along Shekomeko
creek and Roelif Jansen’s Kill.

Malva moschata, L., not rare in our fields—an escape.

Impatiens pallida, Nutt., very common along Shekomeko creek and
Roelif Jansen’s Kill.

Xanthoxylum Americanum, Mill, very common.

Rhus copallina, L., common on Stissing Mt.

Rhamnus alnifolius, L’Her, deep swamps on Stissing Mt. L, ca-
tharticus, L., along Hemlock banks of Mud Pond.

Acer Pennsylvanicum, L., common on Stissing Mt. A. spicatum,
Lam., common in ravines of Stissing Mt. and Mt. Ararat.

Tephrosia Virginiana, Pers., frequent on south part of Stissing
Mt. ,

Melilotus officinalis, Willd., not uncommon along roadsides. M.
alba, Lam., becoming common.

Lespedeza procumbens, Michx., common on our hills and moun-
tains.

Coronilla varia, DC., well naturalized in one station, in fields.

Prunus pumila, L., frequent on Stissing Mt.—abundant on sum-
mit. P. Cerasus, L., thoroughly naturalized about here, in woods
and on Stissing Mt.

Geum strictum, Ait , very common everywhere about here. G.
rivale, L., frequent in our deep swamps.

“Rubus strigosus, Michx., very common.

Rosa micrantha, Smith, and R. rubiginosa, L., both frequent. R.
blanda, Ait , rather rare. : 2

Potentilla tridentata, Ait., abundant on summit of Stissing Mt.
P. arguta, Pursh., common on Stissing Mt. P. fruticosa, L., very
ens in all our marshes ; over hundreds of acres densely covered
with it.

Waldsteinia fragarioides, Tratt., abundant in certain ravines on
Stissing Mt. |

Crateegus tomentosa, L., common. Ee

Ribes Cynosbati, L., common on Stissing Mt. and in adjoining
woods. R rubrum, L., common along creeks and cold woods. R.
hirtellum, Michx., common in our cold swamps. R. floridum, L., 1s
also common. :

Mitella diphylla, L., common in all our woods. oo

Tiarella cordifolia, L., rare ; stations, cold mountain woods and ©
along springy banks of a small stream.

Cirevea alpina, L., abundant in one or two deep woods. eee,

Epilobium molle, Torr., frequent in our boggy marshes. E. palus-
tre, L., rare. ee

Ludiwigia alternifolia and Neswea verticillata, H. B. K., are both |
rare with us. ‘ a.

_ Lerms—One Dollar per annum etiasis with the uary number. For the Botanical
Ne Directory alone, 30 cents, Back Saoiichend. ee ers
The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the

ati P.M.

Vol. V, No, 12.) BuLueTin of THE Tornaey Boranicat Cuus. [New York, Dec., 1874,
§ 128. Additions to the Bryology of the United States.
NO, IV.
Description of four new species of Musei from the Gulf States, by
Dr. Kart Murer, Halle.

1. Barbula (senophyllum) Jooriana, C. Mill., ». sp.—Dioica;
laxe cespitulosa amene viridissima facillime emolliens igitur
mollissime tenera, simplex vel ramulo infra pedicellum innovante
brevissimo divisa; folia caulina parum crispula madore remotius-
cula patula axin rutulum vix obtegentia,e basi semivaginante erectiore
oblongata angusta pellucidiore lineari-lanceolata plus minus ob-
tusata vel acutiora sed mucrone brevissimo terminata, nervo
flavido erassiusculo canaliculato dorso scabriusculo excurrente
basi fibrosa-decurrente exarata, margine infero solum paulisper
-revoluta, concava alis superioribus planiusculis integerrimis,
cellulis parvis basi rectangularibus majoribus breviusculis angustis
superne minute hexagonis valde chlorophyllosis mollissimis dis-
tinctis vix papillosis; perich. interiora perpauca erectiora e basi
longius vaginata oblonga accuminata haud mucronata, theca in
pedunculo brevi rubente strictiusculo erecta minuta oblonga, ca- _
lyptra ubique fere tenuiter scabra, spiraliter cellulosa; peristomii
dentes tenerrime capillares usque fere ad basin fissi, elongati rufuli
asperuli. iy

Barbule unguiculate aliquantulum similis.

Patria. Zudovicia. Tn terra argillacea prope Baton Rouye.

_ Dr. Joor primum legit. Ex herb. C. Mohr.

_ 2, Dicranum (Campylopus) subleucogaster, 7. sp.—Dioicum ;
laxe cespitulosum pollicare sordide lutescens strictiusculum apice
solum ob ramulos brevissimos dense congestos comam crispatu-
lam crassiorem setosam parvam sistens ; folia caulina inferiora mi-
nute erecto-conferta sed axin parum obtegentia, e basi longe flavide-
fibrosa plus minus latiuseula ovata dein acuminata, nervo applana-
to latissimo subulam canaliculatam latiusculam superne attenuatam _
et apice serrulatam strictiusculam constituente cellulis basilaribus

laxioribus. amplioribus pellucidis regulariter hexagonis paucis— - :

deinque quadratis minoribus firmis incrassatis lutescentibus alaribus
multis laxissimis fuscidulis senectute emarcidis pellucidis in ventrem
levem. congestis; perich. multo majora latiore basi vaginata vel
convoluta laxissime amplissime reticulata subula-elongata flexuosa
ossius serrulata coronata.—D. leucogaster differt caule magis
exuoso crassiore multo longius setoso, cellulis alaribus omnino
albidis laxioribus, czeteris minoribus. oi
Patria. Alabama, Mobile, ad terram humidam argillosa-arena-
ceam, rarum. C. Mohr, leg. Mart., 1861: =
3. Hypnum ( Bruchythecium) biventrosum, C. Mall., ». sp.; Dioi-
cum; Jaxe cespitulosum viridissimum pusillum, ramis simplicibus
tenuibus brevissimis curvulis madore turgidiusculis strictis; folia
- eaulina dense conferta humore erecto-patula, parva ¢ basi vie de-
_eurrente latiuseula ovata longiuseule acuminata perfecte symmetrica,
basi utrinqne nervi loco plice ventrem plus minus profundum sis-
tentia, nunquam plicas longitudinales sulcatas constituentia, margine

4

50

basilari solum late convexo, supremo interdum angustissimo nusguam
valde revoluto sed pro more erecto, ubigue constanter distinete denticu-
lato, nervo valde regulari viridissimo stricto canaliculato supra me-
dium evanido nunguam flexuoso vel furcato, cellulis densis linearibus
brevibus, alaribus paucis minutis massa chlorophyllosa repletis mol-
libus; perich. parva, e basi vaginata laxe elongate reticulata, plus
minus subito in acumen longiusculum capillare reflexum protracta
superne hic illic dente grosso vel minori ornata enervia eplicata, ex-
terna minora e basi latiuscula ovata semivaginante subito reflexe acu- .
minata denticulata, nusqguam margine revoluta. Theca in pedun-
culo brevi levi rubente spiraliter torta, erecta minuta cylindrico-
oblonga haud eurvata, operculo conico brevissimo obliquiusculo
apiculato non protuberante, annulo simplici obsoleto ; perist. d. ext.
breves angusti rubiginosi linea longitudinali obsolete notati parum
trabeculati, intern? in membrana perbrevi lutea levi positi, in crura
duo capillaria fissi, ciliis singulis rudimentariis.—Ob intlorescen-
tiam pedunculum glabrum et habitum Hypno leto, cujus formam
veluti diminutam refert, simillimum, sed criteriis litteris cursivis ac-
curatius designatis prorsus diversum, exiguitate et statura Hypnum
-velutinum in memoriam redigens.

Patria. Ludovicia. In sylvis umbrosis prope Baton Rouge, Dr.
Joor legit. Vere, 1873, Ex. herb. C.Mohr. _

4. Neckera ( Orthostichella) Ludoviciana,C. Mill., n.sp.—Perpusil-

“la, habitu et statura Pilotricho eymbi/olio Sulliv. Floridano simillima,

sed diversa: foliis indistincte spiraliter polystichis multo angustiori-
bus minoribus longius et acutius acuminatis, indistincte denticulatis,
nervo viridi, cellulis minoribus indistinctioribus mollioribus, alari-
busque paucioribus minutissimis aureis ad alam infimam. positis.

Patria. Ludovicia. Baton Rouge, ad truncos muscosos arborum
Dr. Joor leg., 1873, Ex. herb. C. Mohr.

NO. V.

Bryum Mohrii, Lesquereux, ». sy—Hermaphroditum ? czspi-
tosum, sordide /utescens, caulis fertilis brevissimus simplex vel innovanieé
parce ramosus ; stevilis simplex subpollicaris erectus julaceus sed fili-
formis. Folia appressa laxe subguadratim imbricata caulina et periche-
tialia ¢ asi horizontali erecta lanceolata nervo valido percurrente acuta
vel obtusiuscula ; folta innovationum oblonga versus basim angustiora —
subdecurrentia, nervo valido viridi obtuse appiculata, carinato-concava, —
margine plana integra, basi celiulis parallelogrammis, superne polygono
angustatis arcolata, Theca in pedicello elongato poldicari et ultro vit
flexuoso rubelio horizontalis vel erecta angusta oblongo-cylindrica sub
ore constricta, operculo conico obtuso umbonoto sanguineo ; annulo lato
compostto peristomii interni dentibus fissis ciliis singulis binisve |
gracillimis appendiculatis interpositis, -

To this description the author adds the following remarks:

I could not distinctly see if this species is hermaphrodite, Itis —
more probably dicecious, as the fragments found at the axils of the —
upper perich. leaves appear to be abortive archegonia rather than
anthers. The species is allied to what Muller describes as Bryum
ebconicom, Hsch., and may be a variety of it. The specimens are,
however, too few and incomplete for positive assertion”

51

_ Patria Zudovicia. In terra argillacea, lutosa ad ripas fluminis
Mississippi prope Donaldsonville,C, Mohr leg. Mense Decembri,

The following tropical species, heretofore not observed in the
United States, have been found by me in the Gult region.

Barbula Crugeri, Sonders. Mill, Syn., vol. 1, p. 618.

Iudovicia. Ad ripas fluminis Mississippi in muris vetustis St.
James Parish, capsulis deorperculatis. Mense, Decembri, 1870.
_ Trichostomum macrostegiura, Sull. Musci Cubenses Wright-
lani, 1861. Ludovicia. Donaldsonville, Bryo Mohrii associatum.

Decembri, 1856.

— -Mnium (2Aizogonium) spiniforme, C. Mill., Syn., vol. 1, p. 175.
Alabama, In sylvis opacis locis udis ad truncos prostratos valde
putridos prope Cottage Hill, Mobile Co., Decembri, 1878, copiose
et pulcherrime fructiferum.

Rhacopilum tomentosum. Brid.

Ludovicia, In sylvis opacis in truncis vetustis arborum frequens
prope Donaldsonville; thecis maturis. Decembri, 1856.

C. Mour, Mobile, Ala. —

§ 129. Companion Plants—I.. H. H.’s observations in § 119, _

October Number of the Burretin, will not hold good here; for —

Cephalanthus and Saururus, while often growing together, are — |

more frequently found in different localities. As they affect similar
situations, they would naturally grow in company at times; but
the former is much the more common plant with us.

" My experience is also diverse from that of Mr. Bower. I do not
remember to have ever seen Schizeea pusilla and Lycopodium Caro- *
linianum in company, though I have seen them in se oti locali-
ties many times. ‘The former is confined to the Pine-Barren region
of New Jersey, while the latter extends along the Atlantic coast

to Florida, and is even found at the Cape of Good Hope !—where, © ae

too, a species of Schizea (S. pectinata, Thunb.) is also found. It_
would be curious if these keep company also; but different localities
are given on the labels with my specimens. ~ x

Wilmington, Del. “Wm. M. Cansy.

[Lycopodinm Carolinianum has often betrayed to us the lurking
Schizeea.—Eds. ] é; :

§ 130. Insects destroyed by vegetables.—The note (§ 116)
about grasshoppers, in the October BuLtErin, reminds me of the -
time when I spent years in looking after insects which suffered
death either by imprisonment or by attacking plants to deposit
eggs, ete. I found it common forthe timber boring insects (Uro-
cerata) to become fastened to the trunks of trees by their oviposi-
tors. One year I found quite a rumber of the Sirex Columba, L.,
the Tremex of our times, thus fastened to Oaks, Elms, Pear trees,
ete. I also found that our common Pond-lily (Nymphga odorata)
closed up, every now and then, confining insects of various sorts, ©
and that, when the flower was mature, the straight scape would be-
come spiral and draw flower and insects under water. The Gum
Pink Catchfly [Silene antirrhina?] was visited, and the insects im- __

52

prisoned by it catalogued and reported to Dr. Harris. Afterward
[ found that insects naturally feeble were oftentimes actually shut
in by the growth of the plant; for instance, the Gall-flies (Cynips)
or their progeny in the galls they caused, and feeble individuals
of the Apple-tree Borer were sometimes unable to eat their way
out of the trunk.

Natick, Mass. Austin Bacon.

§ 131. Publications—1. The American Naturalist for December
contains a study of Imbricative Zstivation by A. P. Morgan, a
good example of akind of work which we are glad to see getting
more attention in this country. The two notes on Yucea filamen-
tosa and Apple flowers are of a similar nature. The Naturalist
always contains some instructive botanical matter, and deserves
the support of botanists. It offers subscribers for the coming year
the back volumes at avery low rate.—2. A List of North Ameri-
can Lichens, by Henry W illey, New Bedford, Mass., January, 1873,
price twenty-five cents. This list is arranged according to Tucker-
man’s “Genera,” and is a valuable exchange medium.—3. The
American Garden, for December, contains with other good things —

a resumé of the recent investigations respecting insectivorous
plants, with a plate comprising representations of seven of them.--_
4. Dr. Gray in the Semi-weekly Tribune, December 9, discusses the — .
vitality of varieties.—5, Mr. Thomas Bland has presented to the
Club, Proceedings of the Scientific Association of Trinidad, Parts
VI. and VIL, containing a catalogue of the plants in the Royal Bo-
tanical Gardens on that {sland (about a thousand species), and other
interesting botanical matter.—é6. Mr. Bland has also presented the
Third Annual Report of the Botanical Survey of Southwest and
Northwest Louisiana, made during the year 1871, by Prof. A,
Featherman, of the Louisiana State University. A map accom-— —
panies it, z

§ 132. Spotted Clover.—My cousin, Mr. Richard A. Bailey, called —
my attention the other day to a plant of red clover, Trifolium pra-
tense, L., in which the leafiets, instead of the usual pale mark, have
deep, brownish, black spots upon them. The plant continues. to
produce these, and has been removed to a conservatory by its dis-
coverer. W. W. BaiLeY. —

§ 133. New Stations.—Rev. H. Wibbe reports finding Sedum —
oe L., last Spring, near Sandlake, N. Y.—Dr. Howe reports —

entaurea nigra, 1... well established in Yonkers, found by R.
Kersting.—Mrs. Cora H. Clark, of Jamaica Plain, Mass., reports
having found Paronychia argyrocoma, Nutt., on the top of White
Cap, a small mountain near Andover, Me. ie

§ 134. Constitution and By-Laws. Copies may be procured by
sending twenty-five cents to Mr. I. H. Hall, 36 Pine Street, N..}

Terms—One Dollar per annum beginnin ith 12 cents for postage
4g the Botanical Directory so aatea in cad hege ka Potente g £5 cents. ‘caer, ae
Bac GET. 224, E. Tenth Street, New York, Money Orders on Station D., P. 0. N.Y.

: . ele : , Nast
ora of 7 Beaman esa aa caer Sega subscriptions or orders filled only pi

_ ‘The Club mee ts regularly the last Tuesday y 0) i uae columbia 0Ob
ee seg d Bs Columbia Col-
os “lege, at 75 PM detain ie 7 the month in the Herbarium, ry
- : xd Club, may de. found ays rep lon vited toattend. Dr. TauRper, the Presi ‘bes é t of:

.

INDEX TO VOLS. L-V.

The Vol. is indicated by Roman, the Page by Arabic numerals. Cat. stands for

Catalogue.
Abies, Ors, UL, 45. ‘Ancura pectinata, V., “ts
4s 43. i Antennaria, yet it.
PrN or plants, 3, 23. iaviaginifota, Tis 0s

Abutilon, Cat., 1., 16.
Acalypha, Cat., IIL., 5.
ACANTHACES, Cat., IL, 22.
Acer, Cat., L., 18.
dasyearpum,. Ji.,:18.
fungus on, V.
Order of blooming, III., 23.
acerates, Cat., LI., 43.
Achillea, Cat., II. gle

nny A 9.

4écidium Allenii, III, 2.
Asterum, i 39.
Chelonir, V., 40.
Dracontii, i, 39.
Grossularie, TL. 39.
minutissimim, V., 40,

Neswee, IV., 47.

rye 8 microsporus Va 45.
noctiphilus, a
onustus, V., 42.
soleatus, ‘
trussilatus, V., 45.

Agave Americana, LIL, 35.

Bar pce S57. 37.
Virginica,

Ss imonia,,Cat., I., 2.
Ailanthus, Cat, i a 17; IIL., 40.
| uga reptans, lL. 382.
Aletris, Cat., [V., Be
Alisma, ( at.,
ALISMACE&, Cat., Hi. 53.
Atlium, Cat., 1V., 24.
Alnus, Cat., Le
Althea, Cat., I, 16.
AMARANTACER, Cat., ll, 3. a: 3.
Amarantus, Cat.,
AMARYLLIDACER Cat., IV. &
Apbrosia, Cat., 11,4.
aAmelanchier, Cat, Hf 26.

* absent. I., ae
_ ieogne. on, I, 20.

Arabis, eae 3%

Anthemis, Cat. IT
Anthoceros vesiculosus, Vili

Apocynum, Cat., I1.,
cannabinum, IIL, 40.
androsemifolium, [V., 12.
floral organs and "fertilization of,

a ace aca TV.,. 1,28= Vi,

a fly ga Me 46; V., 9, 32.
UIFOLIACE, baer 19.

Aenea Cat., L..
ori, b of name of, III., 51; IV., 2.

ER, +, 40.
Arceathobinm minutum, #1; Segty i; UL, £37
+, 15, 44,
Shedding I ied it, . ?
8 ts | pe
casiagpeepteasa, TL, 48.
Archangelica, Cat., 1., 34.
Archemora, Cat., i. 34: 7 Il., 23.
Archidium, cal. yptra of. V., 30.
Aretostaphylos, Cat., IL, 13: 31.

a e Mexicana, i;
Cat., ILL, 45.
arte lochia, Cat., L., “.
Serpenta nae
» Cat., 1L., 44.
Artemisia, Cat., I1., 5. -
biennis, 1., 38, 44.
caudata, Iil., 40.
Asarum, Cat., II1., 44.

parvifiora, IIl., 31.
phytolaccoides, LII., 36.

" thelypters , ys Me,
a ts —

-

Asplenium Bradleyi, IV., 11.
ebeneum, bet serratum, IV., 41.
ebenoides, IV.,
montanum, III.. 2, Sf
pinnatifidum, III., 1.
tet hag na ae IlL., ie
Associate re V., 42,5
Aster, Cat., L.
Ph ae A
Novee-Angliz, white rayed, I., 6
Astragalus, Cat., a 24
Atriplex, Cat., IIL, 3
Autumn ramble, gt
Azalea, Cat., Ti. 14.
fungus on, V., 46.
iflora, I., 19.

Baptisia, Cat., I., 25.
Bacch , Cat, BL Be Tht:
Barharea. : Cat., se 10.
Barbula Crugeri, V.. 51.
Jooriana, V., 49.
Bartonia, Cat., I1., 37.
Bartramia Marchica, V., 10.
Mohriana, V., 12.
Beech, Copper, IT., 24.
Bees puncturing ower, 1 ay Sop. tik ah
BERBERIDACE, Cat.,
Berberis, Cat.,
Betula, Cat.. TIl., 29.
pumila, it; 38.
BETULACES, Cat., III., 29.
Bidens, Cat, II.. re
; BIGNONIACE®, Cat., If., 20,
Black-knot, lii., 24.
Blitum, Cat.. II., 44.
Bonus-Henricus, 1., 44.
: capitatum. III., 1; Vv, ef
Block Island, vid. Flora.
Boehmeria, Cat., Ill, 20.
Books wanted, V., 14.
Box, co'lecting. 1I.. 33.
RORRAGINACE.E, Cat., IT. 35.
Botanical ob; ect-lessons, Iv., 44.
Botanist, vid. State.
Botany of 40th Parallel, IIT.. 2.
“Soupaase lanceolatam, IIT., 33.
matricarizfolium, <
precsitgg ee

: m. Vi 4, 19.
Teouiscuetin. 4 TIT., 20,
pollen discharge of, , 20* 30.
15: IIl., 360 V., 30 -
Bruchia ne V., 25.
na, V., 21.
Brunella, Pee fos wha

,

7. .

Bryology ofU. ra ‘Additions tO, Na 12, 34,

Bryum kere V., 8S.
‘ sae rii. V., 50.
tie at Herbal, TE. 51.
a a +, 38.
tn the. i 1: 4 .
bene 41; IV., 61

?

>

Cacra be 8 ”

. word t., 1 34.
Onlaninaa? a IL., 29.
Calica

n, Cat., Wa: J
Caltha, Gat, 1,8,” 1
Calystegia, Cat., i1

bey ta

2

| Chimaphila, Cat..'TI.
Chiogenes,

Camelina, Cat., I., 10.
Campanula, Cat., IL., 13.
CAMPANULACE#, Cat., Ek, 12.
Camptosorus, IV.,
Cannabis, Cat., Tit, i: 1., 31.
CAPPARIDACE, Cat., I. 10:
CAPRIFOLIACES, Cat., ai 41.
Capsella, Cat., L, 10.
Cardamine, Cat., I., 9.
Carex Fraseriana, V., 27.
striata, IV., 41.
subulata, IL, 8.
Carices. IV., 16.
Carpinus, Cat., IIL, 29.
Carum Carui, ITI., 39.
Carya, Cat., IIL., 28.
fungus on, IV.,
myristicwformis Il., 36.
sulcata, IIL, 3
CARYOPHYLLACE#, Cai, 1., 16,16.
Cassandra, Cat., a 14.
Cassia, Cat., I., 25.
Castanea, Cat., III., 28.
pumila, IIL, 47.
Castilleia, Cat., IL, 21.
Catalogue of New ‘Jersey plants, V.. 28.
New York “ — notices

about, I., 2, 7, 23, 27.
Catalpa, Cat.. IT., 20.
seedlings, Ms Pi Hk, 24, 99:
Caterpillars on Pine, L
Caulophyllum, Cat., a -
Ceanothus, Cat., I, 18.
CELASTRACES, Cat., I., 18.
Celastrus, Cat., a 18.
Celtis, Cat., III.,
Central Park Hisense ss
List of Native Pianta, L., 31, 39.
Centaurea, Cat., IL, 5.
Melitensis, I., 38.
nigra, V., 52. -
Centaury, III., 51.
Cephalanthus, Cat., I., 41.
occidentalis, V., 42, 51.
Cerastinm, Cat., I., 16.
vu Igatum, IE. 16,
Ceratium insociabile. V., 4".
CERATOPHYLLACES, Cat., III., 5.
Ceratophyllum, Cat., IIT., 5.
Cercis, Cat., I., 25.
Cherophyllum, Cat.,
Chamelirium, Cat., 1’, Tr: IIL, 36.
Chapman Herbarium, +. 28.
Chara, IL.,
pes beet
Cheek list, Durtisy? IIT, 39 ; IV., 43.
Mann’s, ITI., 27.
Check list of Ferns, Edwards’ V:, 38.
Lichens, V., 52.
Robinson's, IV., 19.
Chelidonium, Cat., L, 9.
Chelone, Cat., II., 20.

ungus on, V., 49.
‘abnormal, TIL, 42.
CHENOPODIACE®, Cat., II., 44 III, 3.
bi aga Revision of, v.

er Cat., i 44,
Borl andieri, IV., 63.
Boscianum, IV., 63.
or 39; IL, 23; UL,

leptophytiam IV., 63.

le

Cat.. in hig
Chionanthius, , fungus on, V., 40.

, 40.
Cat., L; 3: V., 4

um, Cat., IT, 5.
CISTACEH, Cat., 1., 15.
ladium, Cat., V., 37.
adosporium herbarum, V., 2.
laytonia, Cat., [., 16.
absent, I., 23.
ematis, Cat., I., 7.
verticillaris, V., 26.
Clethra, Cat., I1., 14.
Clitoria, Cat., I., 25.
Clover, spotted, V., 52.
Club, The Torrey Botanical, Origin of, I., 45 ;
Charter, IV., I.
Organization, 1V., 25.
Officers of. L, 2, 4,5; IV., 25.
Meetings of, L., 43 ; IIT., 18, 24, 25, 29, 52;

EVe3 3, SLs
_ Field days of, V., 26; V., 45.
Collinsonia, Cat., I., 29.
Colorado, Synopsis of Flora of, V., 19.
-Comandra, Cat., III, 5. -
Commelyna, Cat., IV., 25.
_ CoMMELYNACEA, Cat., IV., 25.
_ Composit #, Cat., I., 47, 48; IL, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11,

40.

z

Connecticut Valley Bot. Soc., IV., 48; V., 32.
Conopholis, Cat., IT., 20.

CONVOVULACE, Cat., IL, 35, 36.
Convovulus, Cat., IL, 36.

Corallorrhiza, Cat., 1V., 4.

innata, IV., 14.

multiflora, IV., 14.

: odontorrhiza, IV., 8, 14.
Corema, Cat., IIL, 5.
CoRNACE, Cat., 1., 40.

Cornus, Cat., I, 40.
Canadensis, I., 6, 12, 32.

> -

as
vula, II., 18; V., 26.
I., 28. |

ee Mpcgeia's Ill, 21s A Ving Ay

pubescens, IV., 13, 14.
spectabile, Ill., 33; IV., 14.

Danthonia, Alleni, III., 21.
compressa, III., 21,
spicata, IIL, 22.
sericea, IL., 31; LI., 22.
Darlingtonia, I., 12, 14; IL.,14; IIL, 30.
a fly trap, V., 32, 46.
Datura, Cat., IL., 36.
Daucus, Cat., I., 34.
spiders on, IL, 32.
De Candolle, on Apocynum, IV., 2,
De Candolle’s Prodromus, LV., 61.
Delphinium, Cat., L., 8.
Dendroceros Clintoni, V., 14.
Dentaria, Cat., 1,9. ”
diphylla, I., 11.
laciniata, I., 11, 19.
maxima, I., 6, 19.
Desmodium, Cat., I., 24.
acuminatum, I., 28,
humifusum, 5 ai 19, 39.
Iilinoense, IL., 1.
ochroleucum, V., 20.
viridiflorum, I., 28 ; II., 31.
Dianthera, Cat., I., 22. :
Dianthus, Cat., I., 15.
DIAPENSIACEZ, Cat., IT., 19.
DIATOMACEA, IL., 39.
Diatrype exasperans, V., 40.
prominens, V., 42.
Dicentra, Cat., I., 9.
cucullaria, IIT., 34.
eximia, IIL., 34, 47.
spectabilis, I., 24; IT1., 34.
Dicranella exilis, V., 10.
Dicranium premorsum, V., 10.
subleucogaster, V., 49.
Diervilla, Cat., I., 41.
Digging instruments, II,, 33.
Dimorphism, II., 25, 26.
Diodia, Cat., I., 41.
teres, I., 47.
Dioscorea, Cat., [V., 5.
DIOSCOREACE, Cat., 1V.,5.
Diospyros, Cat., LL., 19: 28, 31; TIL, 40.
Diplodia nbn agg he 64.
Diplopappus, Cat., I., 48.
DIPSACE#, Cat., I., 42.
Dipsacus, Cat., L., 42.

14

| DROsERACEA, Cat., L, 15.

ee
f, 1V., 45, 48.
memoir of, erie wee

Elliottia neg a IV., 61.

Elodes, Cat., I., 15.

EMPETRACE.E, “Cat., HES.

Epilobium, Cat., I., 33.

Epiphegus, Cat., ae 20.

ERICACE2, Cat., IL, 13, 14.

es Thy 18s 1 3, cz IIl., 8; IV., 28;

in Japan, I., 3.

Erechthites, Cat., II., 5.
Erigenia bulbosa, IL, 18.
Erigeron, Cat., I., 48.

Philadelphicum, tS.
Eriocaulon, Cat., IV., 25.
ERIOCAULONACE®, Gat., TV., 25.
Eriogonum tomentosum, TIL, 47.
Eriophorum, Cat.,
Erodium, Cat., Ly i i 43 5 TH:, 20::: V3; o)-
Emrara, I, 14, 36, 39, 47; II., 24, 28; Ill. 24,

IV., 44; V., 32,

re pp. 42, 43, 44, Vol. II., are misnum-

Eryngium, Cat., I., 34.

um, Cat., L 10.
Erysiphe Viburni, ¥., 43.
Erythrea, Cat., IT., 37.
Erythronium, Cat., 1V., 23.
Euonymus, Cat., x + 18.
Eupatorium, Cat., 1 eet I
Euphorbia, Cat., UL, 5.

Helioscopia, IIl., 19.
EUPHORBIACES, Cat., i
modification of character of”,

Witt
Exobasidium discoideum, V.. 46.
Examination of seeds, [l., 48 ; II.,
Exchanges, I., 43 ; IL, li, 16, 483
IV., 2, 41.

Fagopyrum, Cat., IIT., 4.
Fagus, Cat., III., 28.

31.
IIL, 52;

Fern, pt ae TIl., 43.
’ Ferns, Catskill, V., 38,
check lists Of, LY, 185 V8:

% new or little known, 1v., 11, 18.

variations of, V., 9.
Fertilization of flowers, II., 22, 25: ae >
34, 87, 49, 62, 53; IV., 21,41, 63; V.,

FILICEs, vid. Ferns.

ice, ar Be Cat., I

Fimbriaria poldndert, ill., bl ¢

echinella,
elegans, os
violacea, “

Fimbrystylis, Cat., V., 36,

Fissidens se gage be 21.

Ficerkea, Cat., 1.

Flora of Block haand, V-, sn, 38.
Chicago, IIL, Qt = ¥., 32.
Colorado, V., 19.”

Fossile dell’ Etna, V., 11.
Lookout Mountain, L., 29.
Louisiana, V., 52.

New Jersey, V., 28.

N. J. Pines, I1., 31.

Oregon, IIL., 30.

Pine Plains, vo 37, 46—48.

Suffolk Co., Il, 40; IIL, 61, 56; IV.,
As Vi, O48,

Suffolk Co., Catalogu

ie; Vis
Vermont, II., 11; bine 30; Iv, 20.
ge ag
es) 47.
-Fontinalis antepyretica, My a
Foyillz, motion of, IV., 20,
Fragaria, Cat., L., hoa

Ving, 1., $1; IL, 30,

white variety, II., 30.

Frangula, Cat., I., 18; I.,7; IIl., 8.
Fraximus, Cat.. TL, 44.
Frost crystals, I1.,
Frullania Wrightii, iL, 15.

Sullvantiz, Ts; 16.

pendula, III., 16.
Fuirena, Cat., My -
Fumaria, Cat., I seawe
FUMARIACES, Cat., I., 9.
FUNGI, III., 44.

new species of, IV., 47, 64; V., 2, 3, 26,

89, 42, 45.
Peck’s Reports on, III., 2, 2%.
Fungus on Balsam Fir, I11., 44
Fern, IV., a1.

Galactia, Cat., I., 25.
Galeopsis, Cat., II., 35.
tetrahit, TII., 30.
rainy 56, i, 4.
Cat., I.
eee” Soreale, Il:, 24.

Mollugo, IV., 42.
triflorum, I1., 34.
verum, III., 47.
Gaultheria, Cat., II., 13.
Gaylussacia, Cat., I1., 13.
Gentiana, Cat., Il., 37.
Saponaria, Wis de
GENTIANACE, Cat., II., 37.
GERANIACE#, Cat., I., 17.
Geranium, ine i, 17.
usillum, I., 6, rie
Ro bertianum, sie
Gerardia, Cat. , e a:
flava, fertilization, * IV., 4i.
measaeugiens IL., 39,
Geum, Cat., I., 25.
rivale, I1., 43.
strictum, I., 38.
Virginianum, I., 31.
Gillenia, Cat., I., 25, 31.
Glaucopis Latreillana, Males
Gleditschia, Cat., I., 25.
Glyceria acutiflora, Tit ,, 36.
Gnaphalium, Cat., II.,
po Sominanats. Th, 10:
Gomphonema, II., 39.
Goodyera, Cat., IV., 3%
pubescens, IV.. 14.
repens, oe ”
Grasshoppers, V., 41.
Gratiola, Cat., I]., 21.
sph I1.,28.

Gray, Dr. aioe a aa haa to Proc. am.
Acad. 1b, ts ia :
Botany for Young > Poosle, IIl., 35.
Grim Nevii, V., 6.
Gum Pink, V., 51.

Gymnogramme triangularis, IV., 19-
Gymnostomum Rauanum, V., 21. ~
Gymnosporangium biseptatum, V., 46.

Gymnomitrium adustum, III., 9, 24. .

concinnatum, III., 9.

Cat., IV.

biepharagiotis, IV., 8, 14
bracteata, V

ciliaris, IV., 14.

cristata, IV., 8, 14.:
Hookeri, I'V., 14.

lacera, 1V., 18, 14.
orbiculata, IV.. 14.

IL, 2
> 36.

Habenaria,

Hamamelis, Cat., I., 32.
Hedeoma, Cat., IL, 29,
Hedera Helix, I., 44.
Helenium, Cat., 1a £7;
reer oepagey Cat., ky ie
Helianthus, Cat , II., 4.
seaaioicn L, 39.
decapetalus, II., 7.
tuberosus, II., 7; V., 41, 44.
Heliopsis, Cat., I1.,
Helleborus, Cat., I. 8.
Helminthosporum clavatum, Oy 9 Pe
Helonias, Cat., IV., 16; II., 23 , 31; IIL., 25, 32.
Helotium naviculasporum, Bigs i“
Hemerocallis, Cat., Ped ay aes in, V,,;
oppers gets
Hemlock stumps, II., 43.
Hepatica, Cat., I., 8.
i pa i L, 11, 21.

trilob:
HEPATIC, ncachatal, cule: IV., 48.
new, III., 9—18; vid. re 24,

HL, 18.

_ Hesperis, Cat., I., 10.
” matronalis, L., 4.
_ Heteranthera, Cat., IV., 25.
_ Heuchera, Cat., L., 32.
_ Hibiscus, bern 1, 16.
— litaria, I,, 44.
TE ge Cat., 15 BA rem
murorum, III., 32.

Hillebrand, vid. Se a
Hints, seasonab oe IV., 16.
Homatothecium, V.
Hooker, Dr. oe os IIL. 39; V., 14,
Hottonia, Cat., II., 20.

inflata ta, IL, 22; IIL, 36.

HYDRocHARIDACE®, Cat., IIL., 53.
Hydrocoty!

drodictyon ores di eel Be 40.
droph

” Canadense, var. major, IIL., 39.

fungus cong iv. “3 V., 40.
Hypnum biventrosum, V.

5

Tlex, Cat., 19.
Ilysanthes, Oat. Itai.
Imitation, I., 43 ; 7 32.
Impatiens, Cat., b
falva, i, 38.
fungus on, IV. Pla d
Insectivorous plants, V., 27
Insects og her by vegetables, V., 51.
Inula, Cat., IL, 3.
Senile. ‘on. V. , 26.
Tpomeea, Vat., IT., 36.
IRIDACE, aoe IV., 5.
Tris, Cat., TV.,
peer the 4 gi
patty-ealore, IV., 22.
Isoetes echinos

L,
Isopyrum Halli, 1 iit, ie
Itea, Cat., L.,
Iva, Cat., a. rg Te

Jasminum revolutum, ree tae ovuled, V., 44.
Jeffersonia diphylla, TIL, 8.
ae wenger eae nity IIL., 21, 28.
Jugians, Cat., III., 21.
JUNCACES, ae IV., 24.
Juncus, Cat., IV. - 24.

subtilis, I11., 38.
Jungermannia crenuliformis, III., 10.
Waltiana, LI, 11.
Sullivantie, III., 12.
EE iL, 12
Juniperus, Cat. Tis,
fungus on, Tr, 26.

Kalmia, Cat., II., 14.
latifolia, IL, 24.
ee ae 16,
Krigia, Cat.,

LABIAT, age is am 29, 30, 35.
Lace Lichen, I
Lactuca, Cat., 1

Lake Hopatcoi "Ti 38.
Lamium, Cat., [1

Laportea, Cat., ii 20.
Lappa, Cat., IL, 5.

feo ‘iL, 45; 1V., 42,
cana, monstrous, IV., 40.

LAURACEA, —
Lechea, Cat., I., 4B; ; has V., 48.
i. EGUMINOS A, Get ae ri 24, 25.
Lejeunia Mannii, V
iS} ullivantis, *., 15.

lemna, Cat., III.,

anthers of, i, 10,

a Hh, 46.

a poigeizn, 1, sag 37, 42.

4

Cat../I.,

Leucanthemum, Cat., IT., 5.
vulgare, Le, QT 43; Til., 27.
Leucobryum gracile, V., 10.
Leucothoé, sa afi 13:
Liatris, Cat., I
spicata, ih. , 38.
Library, Torrey, I. S43 Per 18, 25, 29.
Lichen, the Lace, lll
LICHENS, two nem i. 20.
Willey’s North "American, W., 62:
Ligustrum, Cat., II., 44.
LILIACE#, Cat.. IV., 16, 17; 23; 24.
Lilium, Cat., IV., 3.
auratum, " tetramerism in} Ti; ; 82.
superbum, I., 46.
Limnanthemum, Cat., II., 37: III., 2.
lacunosum, ith; 2.
Limosella, Cat., II., 21.
LINACEa, Cat. L., 1%.
Linaria, Cat., I1.; 20.
Lindera, Cat., Ill. + Bs

IV. 4,
iota Tv, 8, 13.

¥

ex Be
stera, Cat., pe
convallarioides, IV., 14.
cordata, FV,

syphalitica, varieties, I., 6.
LOBELIACE®, Cat., I1.,
Locust seedlings, I., 20, 22,
jum perenne, IL; 30.
ny <r IL, 30.
Lonicera, Cat., I., fi.

Lophanthts, Cat," IL., 29. »
Lophochlena, IIT., 31.

LORANTHACE, = i, 5

istletoe.
nyse re an Flora of, 1., “29
Louisiana, Botanical Surve ne +9 52.
Ludwigia. Cat., I., 33. Suds
aan eet "23, 27.

«> 42, 51.

Gray’s —— of, IT.,
L, 23 ; iit, MGING Ss

4, 39.
Liydanachte, Cat., IL, 19. .
Frase 26.

are, I,, 38.
Salicaria, III., 38; IV., 42
_ Madotheca Bolanderi, m1, i

wt
Magnolia, Cat., I., 8 2h. .
MAGNOLIACER, Cat., iy 8.
Maine, tal and U; Usetat 1 Plants of, ties

*

%

Nabalus, Ca 1,12 12,

. Haapsces

Myrica, Cat.,
o ale

«

Marpilia, I{I., 23, 31.
quadrifolia, Hi.,. 3.
Maruta, Cat., I1., 4.
Mastigobryum Brighami, V., 16.
minutum, ¥.. 1;
parvistipulam, V.» 16.
Matricaria inodora, LV.,
Medeola, Cat., 1V., 16.
Medicago, Cat., L., 24.
Meesia Macouni, V., 22.
Meisner Herbarium, V., 25.
Melampyrum, Cat., IT., 21.
Melanthium, Cat., AN, 16.
Virginicum, IIL. 4.
ono lg? a rig Cat., I., 33.
Melilotus, Cat.,
alba, 7 28.
officinalis, L. 31; 8) th eee
Melissa, Cat., II., 29.
Mellichamp, Dr., on righ iar ex V., 27.
MENISPERMACE®, Cat.,
Menispermum, Cat., i,
fungus on, V., 4.
Menyanthes, Cat., [1., 37.
dimorphic, IT., 26.
Mentha, Cat., IT., 28.
aquatica, var , crispa, III., 36. _
rotundifolia, Ty 81.
viridis, IL., 31.
Micromitrium, es {1
Microspheeria Menispermi, Vie
intent > 4 V3.
Symphori« ‘arpi,
sparsa, V., 43.
Viburni, se
Microstylis, Cat., 1V., 4.
monophyllos, IV., 14.
ophioglossoides, ue
Migrations, | , 27, 43, 45.
Mikania, Cat., 47.
Mimulus, Cat., Th; AS
Mistletoe, iV. 12. 13.
English, IV: %:
w, IL., 48.
Mitchella, Cat. ok 42. eo
repens. white berried, IIL, 43.
Mitella, Cat., ee

. 32.
dipiiyive IE, 18:3 -Vig 26
Mnium Nevii, V., ¢

so ¥, ti.
Mollugo, Cat., [.. 16.
Monarda; Cat., Ii. atte
Monotropa, Cat., IT., 14.
Monstrosities, I., 21; II, 27, 32; ae

62; IV., 18, 40. .

Morphology, IV., 19,
Morus, Cat., III., 6.

ia

3 ag

-. New, V
Myosotis, reg I., 35
Mycotheca initia, V., 38.

Nasturtium, Cat., [., 9. -
palustre, I., 4.
sylvestre, IL, 23.
Neckera Ludoviciana, V., 50.
Negundo, Cat., 8
aceroides, via te V., 36.
Nemopanthes, me Th,
Nepeta, Cat., IL.,
Nesza, Cat., de, ts.
New York Botanical Districts, I., 28.
Nicandra, Cat. IT., 36.
physaloides, II., 43.
Nicotiana, Cat. IT., 36.
lia, IL., 9.
Note Books, IL, 16.
Notes and Queries, I., 20: II., 48,
Notholzna Borrigiana, IV., 19,
candida, IV., 19.
Cretacea, IV., 18.
Newberryi, IV., 12.
Notothylas, ILI., 17.
Nuphar, Cat., I., 9.
luteum, He pumilum, IL., 38.
Nymphea, Cat.,
eval flowered, IV., 40.
odorata, V.,
. rose soleies: IVi;
var. minor, il, 31, i IIL, 26.
tuberosa, var. minor, iv. , 39.
_ NYMPHACE, Cat., 2:
Nyssa, Cat., L., 40.

Oak, Pin, I., 46.
Obituary, Chas. Frederick cca __ 25.
Dr. John Torrey, we 9, 20.
Elias Durand, IV.,
Ignatz A. Pilar, Bi 36.
Obolaria, Cat., II.; 37.
(Enothera, Cat., ., 83.
fruticosa, var. humifusa, I., 4.
linearis, var. B., [.,
of Montauk Point, ey 3.
sinuata, II; 31.
Oldenlandia, Cat., I., 42.
OLEACE, Cat., EL, 44.
Onoclea obtustlobata, Vi5 0.
ONAGRACES, Cat., I
Onopordon, Cat., ic. 83 ¥.5 38,
Ophiactonsan > ik, 35.
phioglossum, | “2 A
Opuntia, Cat., I., 34
Ratinesquii, or, 34, 87.:
vulgaris, I1.,
Ouckibicee Cat., 1v., 8, 4: 8, 18; v., 35.
Orchis, Ca’

as spec mp §, IV. 14; V., 26.
‘ ora 0! .

%K Lichens, v2 ;

4 motes 1, V.. 6—8. Pak
Origanum, Cai : 48,

- Ornithogalum, hase IV., 23.
OROBANCHACEA, Cat., IL., 20,
Orontium, Cat., TIL, 45. .

_ Osmorrhiza, Cat., L., 40.
Osmunda, L., 30. -

Ostrya, Cat., gH 8 ae 29,

Oxaiis, Cat., es
Pachystigma Canbyi, V., 27.
Pacitie Coast Botanists, » agi

"

similis, V., 26.
Pavonia spnifex, V., Of.
Peck, Chas. H., vid. Btate Botanist.
Pedicularis, Cat., il,
aponnnele, a 48.
Pellza gracilis, V., 38.
mucronata, IV. gids
Ornithopus, LV., ti.
Wrightiana, sie SH
Peltandra, Cat., LIL, 45.
fungus on, Ne 3, 43.
' Penthorum, Cat,, [., 32.
Pentstemon, Cat., EB. ,: 2h)
Perilla, Cat., II.,
PEZIZE Aeentiaabes IL., 39,
Peziza Chrysophthalma, AY; 48.
Cucurbitz, V., 26. — > :
fusicarpa, IV., 64, g
nigropunctula, V., 40.

- pulchra, IV., 64.
Phaseolus, Cat., L., 2.
Phegopteris, v., 39.

heXagonoptera, ‘EE; 4.
Phlox, Cat., IT.; 35.

pi ilosa, TE: 24; Ll.,
Phoraden@cron, Cat.. ll. 5: ore
: i br gon TL, 36: a, 12.

icoma, V..
Phryma, Cat., I[.,
Phyllanthas, hew ‘species, ‘ Oo
Physalis, Cat.,
Physostegia, Gat. “AE hog }
Phytolacca, Cat., IL,
PHYTOLACCACE, ae IL., 44.
Pilat, Ignatz A., obituary, I., 36.
Pilea, Cat., ITI.,
Pine Plains, vi vid. Flora
Pinguicula, pcos ¥V., 35;
Pinus, Cat., II

Eliott: iit 1 18, 35.

glabra, ILL

inops, IIL., “0.
Plagiochila oppositifolia, Wi, 16;
Plagiothecium Passaicense, V., 24, ie
PLANTAGINAC Cat., Il., 19. :
Plantago, Cat., IL, 19.”

heteroph oy am 18,

posi
doing & i, 23.
PLATANACE, Cat., IIL, 21.
Platanus, Cat., IIL, :
fungus on, V., 4, 42.
i the Varian, L,4 4.
Platyloma brachypterum, TV., The
Pluchea, Cat.,
PLUMBAGI onning Gat., IL. 19.
Podophyllum, Cat., I., 9, 4 4.
Podospheria, minor, V., 3.
PODOSTEMACEE, Cat., ik, 6 5,
Podostemon, Cut., H1., 5.
Pogonia, Cat.. 1V.,

pe 14.
verticiliata, it asen IU. 2275 TY.
Aorasienten bottle, III. 7. 19.
ns, T1I., 6.
Polanisia, 4 L510: fg ea ae
Pagan Ose
iy! bl gap 2
* @raciate, Tk.

1¥.,8,12.

Pontederia, Cat., IV.,,25.
PONTEDERIACE, Cat., IV., 25.
Popular Science, [1I., 22.
Populus, Cat., III., 44
fungus on, V., 4.
tremuloides, I. , 20.
Portfolio, collecting, IL, 33,
Portulaca, Cat., I., 16: os eg
PORTULACACES, Cat.,
Postage, LI., 10; III., “8: 1V., 44; V., 14.
Potamogeton, Cat., lll., 53.
Potash in Phegopteris, ill., 41,
Potentilla, Cat.,
arguta, L, 31, bis.
fruticosa, I., ‘a1.
recta, II., $1.
Poterium, Mg i > 25.
Prefatory, I
eon Te 16, 41; III., 18.
ula Mistassini ca, IV., 15,
Perectsene. Cat., I1., 19, 20.
Pronuba Ynecasella, a 37; IV., 63.
Proserpinaca, Cat., I., 33
Protomyces, sg oe eee v. sie
Prunus, y ro
; ana, V., 26.

eg lIL., 51.
Pennsylvanica, I., 31.
pumila, V., 26.

Virginiana, I., 31.
Publications, L., 6, 20; II., 1, 11;
eM 19, 23, rg 30, 35, 39, 48;
Iv. 3, 20, 42, 6
With 27; 85, 3s rt "52.
Puccinia Anemones, LL, 26.
curtipes, V., 2
Gerardii, III., 2.
Pseudaneura, V., 15.
Pterospora, Cat., IT., 14.
Andromedea, gigantic, II1., 52.
Pycnanthemum, Cat., I
mrvibeng ¥; 35.
Pyrola, Cat., II., 14.
Pyrus, Cat.

gus on, V.,
-Pyxidanthera, Cat., in 19.
Quamloclit, ae II., 35.

Quercus, Cat., IIL

bicolor, li., 20.

macrocarpa, III., 20.

palustris (Pin Oak), I., 46.

oe agen hybris, III., 20.
Prinus, III.,

tinctoria, IiL., 20.

fungus on, V., 26, 40.

Radula Mannii, V., 15,
RANUNCULACEE, Cat., as 1, 8.
- Rafinesque, C.8., IV.,
Ranunculus, Cat., is pe
ac
anttadion | Lj 445: 12, 235 -4V:,- 28:
Raphanus, Cat., L, 10.
Regel on Vitis, V.1
_ Revival of Plants in Water, IT., 38.
Rhacopilum Perr ae Wey 61.
RHAMNACEZ, ee -, 18.
Rhamnus, Mieco 18.

cus, II’., 47.
Rhexia, Cat., I., 33.
Rhododenaron, C Cat,, IL., 14."
Cat., II., 14; TE1., 82.
Rhus, ae a 17.

Richardia Athiopica, IV., 16, 20, 47,
fungus on, IV., 47,

8

Rinodina Hallii, V
sophod

Romalina, reticulata, III.,
Root fibre ‘penetrating sack III., 40.
Rosa, Cat.,
a Sn ag IL, 24.
RosacE#, Cat., I., 25, 26.
RUBIACE&, Cat., I., 41.
Rubus, Cat., I., 26.
neglectus, I., 31 (strigosus), 36.
occidentalis, white var., I., 31.
trigosus, white var., I., 31.
Rudbeckia, uae a 4,

rta,
triloba, iv., 42.
pine Sagumsnl, WV, 4
anni, IV.,
Patientia, ce 30,
Ruppia, erg III, 53.
Ruta, Cat., [.,17.
RUTACE, Cat., Leas
Rhyncospora, Cat, "y 36, 37.
Lusca, IT., 28.
nitens, Ill., 44.

Sabbatia, Cat., IT., 37.
Cat., 1., 16.

Sagittaria, Cat., III., 58.

SALICACE, Cat., teh 44 3-35.

Salicornia, Cat., II L, 3.

Salix, Cat., IIL., ~~ 20, Vid. Willows.
alba, III., 27, 42.
candida, IIL, 38.
cordata, III., 27, 42.
Pew ag a
humilis, TIl., 26 , 41. 3
livida, var. occidentalis, III., 42.
lucida, ITI., 27, 38, 42.
myrtilioides, Ti, 38,

.| Salvia, Cat., II., 29.

Sambucus, pea’ a

Samolus, at., I, 20.

Sandwich Istands, oie of, V., 14, 16.

Sanguinaria, C L ae
at., ‘2 9.

Sanicula, Cat., I., 34.

Santa Cruz, Island of, III., 38; IV., 5.

SANTALACE#, Cat., IL, 5.

Sap, circulation of, hae 62; Way dee

pte ings Cat., I

urea, III., 26.
secretion of, IV., 40.
variolaris, V., 27.
SARRACENIACEX, Cat, L, 2
, Cat., IIT., 5.
SAURURACE#, Cat, IIL, 5.
Saururus, Cat., IIL., 5: V., 42, 51.
Saxifraga, :

Schollera, Cat., IV., 25.
Schweinitzia, Cat., U., 14.
Scirpus, Cat., “ge

Olneyi, I v 31; TY, 2:
Scleranthus, Cat., I., is.
Scleria, Cat. V., 37.
Scrophularia, Cat., IT., 20.
SCROPHULARIACEX, — II., 20, 21.
Scutellaria, Cat., I1., 30.
Section of seeds, gti 31.
Sedum, Cat., L,

yeaah. ¥.. 52,

ternatum, bee 135 II., 23.
Senebiera didyma, ie
Senecio, Cat., II, 5.

aureus, IL, 10.
Septoria maculosa, IV., 64.

noli-tangeris, [V., 64.

Portulacastrum, II., yore aT.
Portulacastrum, var, pentandrum.

-<
dimorphic, IL, 25.

ees white, ITI., 36.
Silver-leaf, II1., 38.
SIMARUBACEZ, Cat., L, 17.
Sisyrinchium, Cat., IV., 5,
Sisymbrium, on Lj ag are

ria, I., 22.
pase IV., 15.
Sium, Cat., I., 40.
SMILACEA, Cat., IV., 16,
Smilacina, Cat. IV e537.
Smilax, Cat., IV., 16.
fungus ag Ae 47; V., 40, 42.

SOLANACE, Cat., I1., 36.

Caroliniense, IT., 40.
Solea, Cat.,I., a 6, 21; 7. 37.
. Gat., IL awe ¥.: 47.
li if, §, 11,

vy Be
odora, var., ohana IV., 41.
rigida, I., 40.
tenufolia, II., 7.
Sonchus, Cat., IT., 12.
, Uat 5 IIL, 62.
Specularia, Cat., i: 13.
Spergula, Cat., I, 16.
Spergularia, ©

polyrrhiza, I, 29; IL, 8, 34, 46;
“7 19. a te s

_ Sprague, Charles,

ade 35.

ies Cabs sits Vi 98.

State Botanist’s Be bs Ht; 2; 23: V~., 35.
Staten Island, III.,
Statice, Cat., IT., 3.
Steetzia cylindrica, Vig Ati
Stellaria, Cat., I., 16.
Holostea, a 36.
Sticta Oregana, V.,
Stilbum ba edi
Struthiopteris Gerinaiica Hi
Stumps, vitality of, ge
Stylosanthes, Cat., 4% enn, 47.
Sub Districts, L, 28.
Suffolk Co., vid. Flora.
Symphogyna semi-involucrata, V., 15.
Symphoricarpus, eg on, IV. , 64; Vo
Symphytum, Cat., IT., 35
Symplocarpus, Cat., ill.,
Synchronism, I., 18, 23; Tt, $1; III, 28, 265.

Tanacetum, Cat., IT., 5.
Taraxicum, Cat., bc ie 12,
Taxus, Cat., IIl., 45,
Tecoma, Cat., II., 20: IIL, 40.
Tephrosia, Cat., Ie 24: 28,
Teucrium, Cat., I1., 28.
ere o> IV., 43.
Thalictrum, Cat.,
Thaspium, ge i. 34.
Thedenia, V., 22.
idea tS ots around New York, sub-divided,
Thorns on Cratzgus, V., 33.
Thuidium estivum, V., 23.
scitum, V., 23.
Thuja, Cat., IIL, 45. ,
oe George, Presidential Inaugural,
HY.
THYMELEACES, Cat., HL, 5.
Thymus, Cat., I1., 29 : 40. \
Tiarella, are LL; 32.

Tilia, Cat., oa iB
Des al var. pubescens, He Sis

TILIACEZ, Cat., ii 17.
Tipularia. Cat., Tv.,
Torrey, Dr. John, Action of the Club in relation
to the death of, ae 21.
his life and Pace IV., 28.
Last Communication to Club, IV., 10.
Obituary notice of, IV., 9.
Portraits of, IV., 43.
and Torrey’s Peak, V., 18.
and Gray’s Flora, Index to, Vv;
nsis, I., 7.

Teeilteg art ‘Arbutus, er Epigea a
Tradescantia, tetramerism in, II
Trees and Rain, UL., Ve 5.

Trichostomum mrad no

TYPHACE, Cat., TIT., 52.

UMBELLIFER&, Cat., I., 34, 40.
Ulmus, Cat., ILL, 6
Uncinula geniculata, 1V., 48.

' heliciformis, v., 4.
UNCINULZ of New York, ll., 48,
Uredo Ari-Virginici, V. . 43.
Uromyces Ari- Virginici, Vi 48.

: Peltandre, V., 3, "2B.
Urtica, Cat., ILI., 20.
URTICACES, Cat., IIL., 6. 20, 28.
Utricularia, Cat., I., 2°.

cornuta, I, 12, 39.
minor, IL., ‘18.
subulata, B it ee

Uvularia, Cat., IV., 17.
cae te ms grandiflora, Piet 26.
pie perfoliata, V., 26.

- Vaccaria, Cat., 1.,.15; ae 32.
- Vaccinium, Cat., IT.,
-Valeriana, Cat., I., 42 ret 22.
ee VALERIANACE, Cat, L,
Ne Cat., IIL, 53: 51.
- Vandalism, V., 39.
ee Variations, W5 De
Be Veratrum, in IV., 16. ie
ms parv ev gee ade:
_Verbascum, Cat., IL.,
ners Cat., IL, raat ties
angustifolia, Le 31,. bis.
fungus on, IV. ;
_ VERBENACE&, Cat., II, aa,
cae voroion Gee? iG.

Soot chamzed: drys, ut, 32.
ae “viboraum, Gate 17741.
~ ba

~ gucculata, TV.,18
: ‘Varlegated, At 18. é :

| VITACEA, Cat., ape 11, 18.

Heetthorriine Cat., I.

10

fragrance of, IT., 18. eh
pedata, white, I., 20; 22: IT., 23. '
var. bicolor, I, 223. I1., 23.

renifolia, Il., 1.

rostrata, I1., 17, 24.

rotundilolia, L., 38.

tricolor, var. arvensis, IL, 18,
VIOLACER, Cat., LW.
Vitis, Cat., 1, 17: ill, Boe os Br 4

Engelmann’s, Lil , 39. ¥
species of, V., 1.
vinifera, V., 2.

Watson, Sereno’s roe ga ip to American
Botany. Ts el Vig

Watkins Glen, IV.,

White i mngntain, Map of ‘Aipiné Limits of,

Willis, 0. R.’s Fie Jersey Catalogue, V., 28.
Willows. TV.:
hetee distinguished ata distance,
Hi,

‘of Amherst, Mass., III., 41, 44.
of Brattleboro’, Vt., TiL., 26.
Winter Blossoms, IT., 2.
Winter, mild, I., 7. .
Wolftia, Cat., III., 46.
‘Columbiana, SF
Woodsia, ate ay 3 i a 42.

‘Xanthium, C > s, ae

a Xanthoxylum, orttiogelphy of

Xanthoxyium, Cat, Ty th
XYRIDACEH, ae 1V.525
Xyris, Cat., 1V.,

Yucca angustifolia, IV., 63.
filamentosa, I., 87, 52; hed §2.
fertilization of, it, 37, b
flowers of, ILL. 33.

‘Zannichellia, Cat., IE. , 52.

Zanthorhiza, Zanthoxylum, vid. Xantho—.
Zizia, Cat., L, 40.

Zostera, Cat., 2A eres