. TPPO vy, | (889 A vilG BULLETIN TORREY, BOAANICAL CLUB. MOL. wee Founpep By WiiuiAM H. Leacerr, 1870. MISSOURI - BOTANICAL GARDEN. NEW YORK: 1889. GENERAL INDEX. (lilustrated articles are designated by an asterisk* before the page number. ) 8. Botanical Club Meeting at Tor ee As A. “ Botanical Club’s trip to the Lakes of Mus: Actinodises Atlantions, Nn. Sp., 2, Some come sten: Alsodeia An naropegone, di ot of soto aidan 233. Aphyllon fas Aphylion “saan” in Montana 215. Arthonia a virescens, spec. n Ve4 _ ster So ge var. jano ra ar., 68. Aster cordifolius, var. le phe gme in. var. 67. “les age capitelius, aegis > 260. nh. sp., 92. site see. NOv., 326. sie Sp., *208. Biddaipin Britoniana n. Sp., 78, *208. Biddulp ookiana, n. sp., *73. oolm anil, Nn. sp., *74. Ninsluinectal sacar var. scabra, n. var. hg Botan geet 8, 21, 55. 78 112, 186, 161, » 2h, B80. ° Botanical reading done in the laboratory of Prof. Schwe ndener, Notes on, 297. zy. contributions Se Hoes Bryology of Canada,” contribution Rrvnm an Bryam hydrophyllum, n. cA. %. oo me esioides, n. Sp., 95. Sp., 96. omens aan n. Sp., 95. Buettne: ebsageeomnea ec. Buett: a, Sencepapendia ea nov., 155. Galiforn lants, new n , new, Calliandra Boliviana, spec. Vi, S27. lami eciosa, spec. nov., 16. Saree umbellata, Schkuhr > 218, Chrysymen nia pseudodichotoma, n. sp., *1. Classification of slight varieties, 328. Color as a‘distinguishing feature of certain plants, 26 Corema in Sew Jersey, 193. Corema, with Pinus Daukelaii on the coast of Maine, scotia sempervirens, Wave-growth of, Coursetia Boliviana, spec. nov., 260. Cremaiob pada ria spec. nov. 17. 79, *107, 120, 141, 56, 61, 83, 113, 123, 125, 66, 171, 189, 196, 197, 202, 205, oa - 284, 806, 311, 312, 335, rs 66. Gre egory, Emily. tL, 25, 28, 79, 80, 82, 113, 9 252, 279, 297, 332. Halsted, Serad D., 130, 135, 166. Harvey, F. Hitchcock, A. a, Hollick, Arthur, an 55, 84, 116, 182, 189, 99, 227, 252, 280, 305. Jackson, - 137. James, Joseph F., 268. Johnson, L. N., 263 Lemmon, J. GENERAL Macoun, John, 91. Meehan, ee a 68, 293. Moron homa Northrop, J. I., 164, Parry, C. C., 277. Porter, © 21, 24, 53, 67, 220, 277. Rand, E Beas, zon “198, 295. Rich, Alice B., uusby. H. H., Ba 2, 37, 55, 205, 227. Schrenk, Jos. *315 Schuh, R. E 13. Seultze, B ve Hibs *98, *165, *207. Scribner, F. Lamson, 233 8, Dalea Boliviana, spec «5 259. Desmodium Mandoni, spec. nov., 261. Desmodium Yungasense, ad dag Diatoms, Descriptive list of Staten Island, Dichslynia eee Nn. sp., 97. Dicranella parvula, n 5 Ots - sSobaam num m lelonearon, n. sp., 92. Dicra: Scoparium, var. scopariforme, n var, Dicranum stenodictyon, n. sp., 92. rcsotenra on Macounii, n. sp., *11. Dimeregramm ce ae Nn. Bp, 974, Drab: ‘ockeri Sp., 221. Daguetia Seong apes. noy., 14. tosoides, n. sp., *11. 68. = ez Mex Ad nov., Gaylussacia res eainoes, var. lenccouep. nh. var., 21. Gentiana alba, Vvum, n. var., 21. Graphis abaphoides, spec. nov., 105. Grimmia arcuatifolia, iPp.. 93. Rus *. Noy., 154. mizonia soabretia, n. sp., 151. INDEX. Heppia omphaliza, spec. nov., 104. Leske Dn. Sp., Lichens, Some new North cman. 101. Tupinus adsurgens, n. Gs 150. Lupinus sylvestris, n. + 150. mks strum Rusbyi, Baas noyv., 64. ndioca, 273. rk aca n. sp., 94. ia gan elas igh OV., nial Monn 5 saris 8, spec. me O Si ceeouin chino ak nov., 17. ama densa. Navicula De Wiens, n. sp., *209. Navicula Schultzei, Navicula trinodis, var. infla aes r. "(61. Nes ee verticillata, On 2 PRON tissue of, ee ea n. sp., 188. tes from New Hampshire, 329. cae aga Ind sg names of plants, 54. Oxalis Andina, spec. nov. vie tiger na, spec. nov., 150. vary, The ideal, 77. Pafipine Tsien ortaa from 217. megal a, a rik collected by Dr. America, An enumeration of, 13, 61, 153, 189, 259, Pollen, Barinination of, 120. Polle oo eanontass rements, Observations upon, Cian Andina, spec. noy., 19. Polygala formosa, spec. noy., 19. chao aga Macounii, nh. sp., 96. var. fies bata; nN. yar., 221. Potentilla laxiflora, m oceedings of t 178, 206, 313, beg eee Bolivianum, mitrium Macounii, n. nae 93. Rangely Segre trip am the, 263. Ranunculus atilis, var, hispidulus, n- ink 37, "59, 89, 123, 146, spec. nov., 189, dotouk of Porcign Literature, 25, 79, 113, 137, 279, 331. 165, 197, 222, 248, eae Atlanticum, n. sp., *75. Rhododendrons, Notes on two, 220. Rosa, remark on the group Carolinm of the genus, 161. Rou fat Sake ana, spec. nov., 192. Saurauja Rusbyi, spec. nov., 64. 1V GENERAL INDEX. Scorozonella arguta, n. —. 152. | Triceratium Heilprinianum, n. sp., *210-. Sida eae eine ~ 3 | Triceratium indentatum, n. sp., *210. Sisymbrium Rus — 16. | Triceratium Kainii, n. sp., * ie ga Abele Classtention of, 270. T. Kainii, var. constrictum, n. var., *210. arks on, 27 | Drtoniran sea spec. nov, 14. South American esenaaiotyes First saree Gtigmedatnys inscriptum, spec. n Subularia aquatica, New locality fon, 291 Viola thymifolia, sp Vey 18. "hinoui riacea, spec. no ows, White Mo stein: — 211. Tissa macrotheca, var. piawioan, n. var., 129. i a An issay dina, spec. » 158. Tissa pallida, n. sp. 129. Xanthlaiun cristata: var. been n. apes Prelit mminaiy Note on the North Ameri- | , 186. pecies of the Genus, 125. } ERRATA, VOLUME XVI. bru 97, = 33, for hamatidens, read hematidens. 132, “ glab atus, * levigatus. bore ak 30, ‘* Feb, 26th, “March 26th. tees 5, “* Nitelia, “ Mitella, of alt, 8 Meeron, ‘* Negros. ** 217, foot note ** Prof. Sture, * Prof. Steere. nd “ * 330, line * for Gulseenian: read Ratioenslain: BULLETIN OF THE PORREY BOTANICAL ULUS: Vol. XVI.J New York, January 12, 1889. [No. I. On Some New or Imperfectly Known Algz of the United States, 1, By W. G. FARLow. (Plates LXXXVII and LXXXVIIL) CHRYSYMENIA PSEUDODICHOTOMA n. sp., pl. LXXXVIII, figs. 7 and 8. Fronds 4 to 8 inches high, with discoidal base and a solid, cylindrical, cartilaginous stipe which branches mono- podially and ends in ovate or obovate saccate extremities, % to 1 inch long, 4% to % inch broad, at the bases of which Santa Barbara, Monterey, Santa Cruz and St. Vincent, Cal. The determination of this species has caused much perplexity among American algologists. The first specimens seen were collected at Santa Cruz by Dr. C. L. Anderson in 1876 and were sterile. In them the saccate branches were numerous and the stipes comparatively short, so that there was a certain resem- blance to species like Chrysymenia obovata, Sond., and the species was quoted under that name in Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., vii., 242*. Larger sets of specimens received later from Mrs. *By a misprint as Oryptonemia obovava. o 2 Bingham, Miss Lennebacker and Mrs. Bush showed that this de- termination was incorrect, and, in the absence of fruit, it was doubtful whether the plant was a Chrysymenia and might not be possibly the alga cited under the name of Lomentaria saccata in the Nereis Am. Bor. founded on Californian specimens of Du- montia saccata from Herb. Greville, and later transferred to the genus Erythrocystis, by Prof. J. G. Agardh. Through the kind- ness of Prof. Balfour, I have been able to examine the specimens of Dumontia saccata in Herb. Greville. There are two speci- mens marked “ California, Douglas, Hort. Soc. Lond., 1833.” Examination shows that both of these specimens, which are in — fruit, are beyond doubt Ricardia Montagnet, Derbes. and Sol., similar in all respects to the specimens of R. Montagnei, var. gi- gantea, from California distributed in Alg. Am. Bor. Exs. no. 58. j In the specimens of Douglas, as in those in Alg. Am. Bor., the — Ricardi@ were growing on Laurencia virgata, as that species is — understood by American algolgists, } The fruit of C. pseudodichotoma appears not to be common, — but I have received from Mrs. A. E. Bush good fruiting speci- — mens collected at Monterey, and the structure of the cystocarps — as shownin plate LXXXVIILI, fig. 7, confirms the opinion previously — reached from an examination of the frond that the plant is a — Chrysymenia. ‘The figure, it should be said, was drawn from a — section of a plant which had been pressed, and therefore the two — sides of the sack are brought much closer together than they are — in the living plant. The wall of the cystocarp is formed from — the enlarged walls of the sack, and the spores are arranged — around the carpogenic cell ina somewhat reniform mass com- 7 posed of different lobules in which the spores are densely packed — together, but arranged in short digitate moniliform rows, as can — be seen by applying reagents. In fig.8 the method of branch- — ing isshown. At the base of the largest sack which terminates — the main stipe a branch is given off at right angles which also ends | in a sack and the process is again repeated. At the point a, where another branch is given off, there is an indentation on the upper side of the angle formed with the main stipe which marks q the spot where there had previously been a terminal sack which has now disappeared, so that the large sack of the figure which — 3 appears to terminate the main stipe is really at the tip of an elongated lateral branch. The axis of the stipe is composed of large ellipsoidal or short cylindrical cells densely packed together and the cortex of a thin layer of polygonal colored cells. -The sacks are much more succulent and more brightly colored than the stipe and the structure of their walls is sufficiently evident from fie. 7; GLCZOSIPHONIA VERTICILLARIS, n. sp. Pl. LXXXVIII, figs. 5, » 9, 10. Froid usually gregarious, solid, becoming hollow. with age, main axis filiform-cylindrical, finely attenuated to- wards the discoidal base, 2 to 8 inches long, about % inch in diameter, usually undivided and clothed throughout its length with whorls of 3 to 6 fusiform branches, 4% to % inches long. In some cases a few of the lower branches are transformed into secondary axes with whorls, Cystocarps numerous, im- mersed among the cortical filaments of the branches, desti- tute of proper envelope. Sporiferous mass simple with a thin gelatinous covering. Tetraspores ? On stones in shallow coves, Santa Cruz, Cal. This is another of the many interesting species discovered by Dr. Anderson. It is of a soft gelatinous substance and a beau- tiful rose color when fresh, but is so delicate that it is easily ~ broken. The microscopic structure of the frond is like that in species of Calosiphonia and Gleosiphonia. There is a single axial filament of large cylindrical cells from whose central por- tions arise at right angles whorls of four branches which divide dichotomously. From the lower joints of the branches arise a series of descending filaments which interlace with one another and give compactness to the axis of the frond. By successive dichotomies of the horizontal whorls, the cells becoming shorter and rounder, there is formed a series of corymbose branches which make the cortex of the frond. The fructification is shown in Plate LXXXVIII, figs. 5,6 and 10. The figures were drawn from alcoholic material collected by me in April, 1885. As far as I could judge from this material, the antheridia formed small spots on the surface of the fructiferous whorls, but, as I found them in only a few cases, it may be that the spots seen were not really antheridia. The procarps are abundant at the base of the 4 corymbose branches, and often occur in pairs. From fig. 6, which represents a procarp, it will be seen that from a single basal cell arise a number of short branches. In fig. 6, two branches and a part ofa third branch are seen, butthe number is often greater than three. Of these branches only two, ac and 4 of the figure, are concerned in the production of the cystocarps. The other branches grow into short filaments with nearly spherical cells, and make their way amongst the filaments of which the frond is com- posed, their general direction being parallel to the surface of the frond. The branch ac bears at the tip the long hyaline trich- ogyne which makes its way, usually more or less twisted, between the corymbose branches to the surface. In the lower part it is very much constricted where it passes into the bulbous tricho- phore. Below the trichophore is the cell a, which pushes out to one side and becomes much enlarged. Its contents are darker colored and more granular than those of the neighboring cells, and I was unable to find that in any stage the bulbous portion was separated from the smaller portion by a cell wall. The spo- riferous masses do not arise from the cell a, but from the cell 4, which lies in a small branch close to that which bears the trich- ogyne. The cell’ has densely granular contents like those of the cell a, and the branch is continued beyond 4 usually by two smaller, more nearly hyaline cells. In fig. 5 the later develop- ment of the branch of which 4 is the most prominent cell is shown. The two terminal cells remain nearly unchanged, but the cell 0 of fig. 6 divides into three cells, of which the central one, 4 of fig. 5, is larger and more nearly spherical than the other — two which lie immediately above and below it. These three cells have dark colored contents. The lower cells of the branch enlarge somewhat and divide ina direction parallel to the length of the branch, and subsequently some of them develop into short moniliform branches similar to those already described. The branch becomes curved, and the three dark colored cells, which are sometimes increased to four by an additional cross- division, are so arranged that the cell 4, the real carpogenic cell, lies at the apex of convexity; 4 is then divided into two cells placed respectively on the concave and convex sides of the branch. The cell on the upper convex side is next divided by te ee ee ee 5 longitudinal partitions into several wedge-shaped cells, which in- crease rapidly in size, and form a_ partial ring around the un- changed cell which is on the concave side. The wedge-shaped cells divide repeatedly until they are transformed into radiating fila- ments, each cell of which develops into a spore. A mature spore- mass is shown in fig. 10. The sub-moniliform spores are embedded in a mass of jelly which nearly encloses the carpogen- ic branch of which the lower portion is shown in the figure. Although the present alga resembles somewhat species of Nemation and Nemastoma, the central axial filament excludes it from Nemastoma, and the development of the cystocarps is not that of Memalion. Considering the structure of the frond alone, it might belong either to Calosiphonia or Gleosiphonia. The radiating arrangement of the spores, which all mature at the same time, seems to warrant placing it in Gleosiphonia. The account of the development of the cystocarp given above, although de- ficient in an essential point, conforms better to what is known in Gleostphonia than in any other genus. The trichogyne ¢ and the hypogynous cell a of my fig. 6 agree with the account of G. capillaris given by Bornet in Notes Algol., i., 42, Plate XIII, 7, and by Fr. Schmitz in Sitzungsber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., x., Plate V, 8. According to Bornet the carpogenic cell is in close contact with the trichophoric apparatus. This appears not to be the case with G. verticil/aris, in which the carpogenic cell is on a separate branch, more like the figure of Schmitz. I have been unable to ascertain the mode of contact between the trichophoric apparatus and the carpogenic cell, for I find nothing in my ma- terial which shows a growth of tubes like the c and c-1 in Schmitz’s fig. 10. We cannot suppose that the fertilizing im- pulse is propagated down the whole length of the trichophoric branch and up to the cell 4 of fig. 6. As no connecting tubes were seen, it may be that the carpogenic branch when in its nor- mal position curves closely over the trichophoric branch just be- low a and that a communication is there established. No dis- sections and no reagents which I have tried, showed this, how- ever. Nematlion Andersonii, Farlow. A description of this species was given in Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. vii., 235. Since 6 then I have received from Mr. C. C. Merriman a Nemalion from St. Kilda, Australia, which bears a strong resemblance to the Califarnian alga, and the question arises whether it may not be that both should be regarded as forms of V. ramulosum, Harv., de- scribed from New Zealand. I have no means of settling this — point, but the strong resemblance of the two plants from oppo- site sides of the Pacific should be noted. Hildenbrandtia rosea, Kg. This species was first reported as occurring in this country in Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1871. | The same plant under the name ‘of H. sanguinea appears to have | been previously reported by Mr. J. L. Russell in 1856, in Proc. : Essex Inst. i., 193, as occurring at Salem, Mass. AH. sanguinea, 7, rubra and H. rosea are all referred by Hauck to H. prototypus, — Nardo. Choreocolax Polysiphonie, Reinsch, Plate LXXXVIII, fig. 3. This species of the Atlantic shore of North America was de- scribed and figured by Reinsch in Contrib, ad Algolog, et Fun- : golog. In May, 1888, some specimens of Polysiphonia fastigtata were collected at Nahant by Mrs. R. S. Eigenmann. On the upper parts, especially at the dichotomies, were small hemispher- — ical masses of a brownish color and cartilaginous consistency and ~ hardly an eighth of an inch in diameter, which, on examination appeared to be without doubt Reinsch’s species, although not — agreeing in all respects with his figure. As far as I am aware, no fruit, either tetrasporic or cystocarpic, has previously been de- ' scribed. The specimens from Nahant contained tetraspores. — The hemispherical external part of the frond consists of a mass _ of filaments composed of purple colored cells which branch and — radiate to the surface, where they end in pyriform cells encased in a dense mass of jelly. The tetraspores are formed from the ter- : minal cells and are usually cruciate, but not rarely tetrahedral. Fucus edentatus, De la Pylaie. The F furcatus of Marine — Alga of New England is without doubt the same as F. edentatus © of Newfoundland, formerly united with F Jurcatus, Ag., of the ' North Pacific, a species to which was also referred a Fucus of the — northern coast of Norway. Later the two species were kept dis- _ tinct by Prof. J. G. Agardh, and Kjellman in the Alga of the ; Arctic Sea referred the so-called Jurcatus of Norway and 7 Greenland to F. edentatus where our common New England alga also belongs, although the Fucus furcatus of our west coast may perhaps be the same as the original / furcatus of C. A. Agardh’s Icon. Ined. F. edentatus, which is common from Bos- ton northward, has recently also been found south of Cape Cod, at Groton, Conn., by Mr. W. A. Setchell. In the paper by Mr. W. M. Woodworth on “The Apical Cell of Fucus,” Annals of Botany, i, the & furcatus mentioned is in reality /. edentatus. fucus evanescens, Ag., was also found south of Cape Cod at Groton, Conn., by Mr. Setchell. Fucus platycarpus, Thuret. This common European species, recognized by the moncecious conceptacles and margined recep- tacles, has only recently been recognized with certainty on our eastern coast. It appears to be not uncommon at Nahant, Mass., and is in good fruit in October. Nereocystts gigantea, Aresch. A second species of Nereocystis from the coast of California was described by Areschoug in Bot. Notiser, 1876, p.71, which in Bot. Notiser, 1881, p. 49, was made the type of a new genus, Pelagophycus. The two species of Nereocystis are certainly distinct, but in my own opinion they form one very natural genus from which Pelagophycus cannot be separated generically. The specimens described by Areschoug were collected near San Francisco by Dr. Eisen, and the same plant has been occasionally seen by Dr. Anderson at Santa Cruz, but, strange to say, the locality where it most abounds is much farther to the south, at Pt. Loma, near San Diego, Cal., and ex- tending to Todas Santos Bay, in Lower California, where it was found by Mr. Orcutt and Mrs. Eigenmann. Near San Diego, according to Mr. D. Cleveland, it appears to be the only Merco- cystts which occurs, certainly in any quantity. It is difficult dry- ing specimens of this very succulent plant, and even in a climate as dry as that of California, it usually rots without drying, but, in the hotter air of Lower California, according to Mrs. Eigen- mann, it is often found dried on the beach and the bladders are used for making a rough sort of lamp. JV. gigantea differs from N. Liitkeana in having the fronds above the bladder, borne not on short pedicels, but on dichotomous stipes several inches long. Whether the ciliate margins are also specific is less certain, for, 8 in this respect, there are variations in both species. The follow- ing notes made by Mr. Cleveland will be read with interest, as he has had excellent opportunities for examining this species. The — notes refer to a large specimen: “ Bladder 5 % by 6 inches in diameter, being slightly flattened, with wall 34 inch thick, and a chamber cavity about 4% inches in diameter. The base of the bladder narrows into a constric- | tion 1% inches in diameter, below which the bladder expands to — 234 inches, gradually tapering for 414 feet, where it is only % inch in diameter, when it narrows down for a foot to 34 inch, — which diameter is kept for the remaining length of the stipe, in all about 90 feet, terminating in the hold-fast, which is about one foot in diameter. The spherical bladder-head has a channel | about the size of a goose-quill leading into the lower and longer — chamber, which is about two inches at the broadest part, gradu- ally narrowing for about five feet, when the chamber ends and the stipe becomes solid. The upper bladder contained about one-half pint of water. “Two long arms stretch out from the apex of the bulb to a length of 5 feet 6 inches. The common stem at the junction, of | starting point, is 2 inches in diameter and about 2 inches long before the arms diverge. At the shoulder the arms are each 14 inch in diameter and narrow gradually to the tip. The arms send out single branchlets along their length at intervals of 7% inches at the base to 14 inches near the tips, the spaces between these branches increasing towards the outer extremity of the arms. The two lower branches are about 11 inches long and fork once, the forks being about 7 inches long. The other branches also fork, each fork terminating in a leaf about 3 to 4 inches broad, and from 2 feet and upwards in length. The arms and branches are round at the base and gradually flatten as they ap- proach the terminal leaves. The arms and branches bear 4 strong resemblance to the antlers of a large stag.” Nereocystis Liitkeana (Mert. fil.), Rupr. The common and long known bladder kelp of Califgrnia does not make its appeat- _ ance until summer and autumn, and, at the time of my visit in” April and May, 1885, there was scarcely a trace of it to be seen. Miss Lennebacker, however, was so good as to present me with 9 a series of young plants which she had collected, which illustra- ted avery interesting point in the development. The young plants about 4 inches long are destitute of bladders, and look like young Laminari@ of the digitate section. The stipe is slen- der and short, and expands into a narrowly ovate lamina which soon becomes cleft, the divisions reaching nearly to the base. The young bladders begin to show themselves when the plants are about 8 inches long, and appear as obovate sacks at the tip of the stipe and bear on their upper margin the then compara- tively broad, cleft lamina which as yet does not clearly show the divisions into two parts which is seen later. Alaria esculenta (L.,), Grev., f. musefolia, De la Pylaie, is said by Foslie in ‘‘ Kritisk fortegnelse over Norges Hansalger,” to be identical with Fucus pinnatus of Herb. Gunner. Laminaria platymeris, De la Pylaie. Areschoug in Observa- tions Phycologice, part iv., p. 2, states that this species is identi- cal with LZ. Cloustont. Laminaria caperata, De la Pylaie, is said by Areschoug, l. c., p- 14, to be the true L. saccharina. MESOGLOIA ANDERSONII Farlow, PI. LXXXVIL, fig. 2 Fronds gelatinous, solitary or gregarious,cylindrical, 3- 1oinches long, % inch in diam., repeatedly and irregularly dichotomous, secondary divisions occasionally subpinnate, tips scarcely at- tenuated, clothed with projecting hairs when young. Cortical filaments moniliform, erect, becoming somewhat recurved. Unilocular sporangia at the base of cortical filaments scattered uniformly over the surface of frond, pyriform, 36-45 « by 18-21 yu. On stones in shallow coves. Santa Cruz, Cal., Dr. Anderson 1875; San Diego, Dr. E. Palmer, 1875; Santa Barbara, Miss Lennebacker, 1877; Cape Mendocino, C. G. Pringle, 1882. This species, first found by Dr. Anderson at Santa Cruz, was issued in Alg. Am. Bor. Exs., no. 163, in June, 1881. The first specimens received were sterile and the generic position could not be determined with accuracy. Fruiting specimens were received later and it was supposed when the alga was distributed in 1881, that the specimens in Alg. Am. Bor. were all fertile, but this could not have been the case, since a doubt has arisen whether the plant 10 really belongs to the Chordariez, and, in Till algernes Systematik* p. 76, Prof. J. G. Agardh, judging from the structure of the frond, suggested that it probably belonged in Sporochnoidez near Nereta. The uniform distribution of the sporangia over the whole surface of the frond, not in verruczeform spots, shows how- ever, that it belongs in Chordariez and not in Sporochnoideze. But it is not so easy to decide upon the exact genus in which it should be placed, for algologists differ widely as to the limitation of the genera of Chordariee. The axis is composed of filaments of large cylindrical cells closely packed in the upper and younger parts of the frond which, in the lower part, becomes hollow with age. From these larger, colorless filaments are given off smaller filaments,which make their way to the surface of the frond where they ramify irregularly and from them are given off at right an- gles tufts of short, brownish filaments, which form the cortical layer. The latter are moniliform, at first erect, later somewhat recurved over the unilocular sporangia which are formed at their base. Although the genus cannot be absolutely settled until the trichosporangia are better known, there being no indication of the secund outgrowths of the cortical filaments which mark the genus Castaguea, nor of the discoidal cells characteristic of Clad- osiphon as limited by Prof. Agardh, |. c., p. 8, our plant must be ‘Teferred either to Mesogloia or Myriocladia. Writers differ very much as to the distinctions between the two genera. According to Agardh, those species are placed in Myrtocladia which have filaments that project beyond the cortical layer, and in which the cortical filaments in which the trichosporangia are formed, become moniliform, tapering at both ends. As far as the cortical filaments are concerned, JZ. Andersonii does not agree in structure with Myriocladia. The existence of filaments which project beyond the surface of the frond is the only mark which would lead one to refer it to Myriocladia. They, however, are only found in certain stages of growth, and in my specimens preserved in alco- hol, are not to be seen, although they are to be found in a few young, pressed specimens. Judging from published figures, M. Andersonii is closely re- *Lunds Univers. Arsskrift, Vol. xxvii. A ny ee FR i Ee EOE tome ee ee a ee ee 11 lated to Mesogloia gracilis Kg., Tab. Phyc., viii., Pl. X, which is retained in Mesoglota by Agardh. In Alg. Am. Bor. Exs., No. 163, the resemblance to Mesogloia decipiens, Suringar, of Japan was noted and, although I have not been able to examine specimens of that species, judging by Suringar’s plate,* it still seems to me quite possible that the Japanese and Californian plants may be the same. DICTYOSIPHON MACOUNIL, n. sp., Pl. LXXXVII, fig. I. Fronds with an undivided axis, cylindrical-saccate, 2 to 6 inches long, 4% to % inch in diam., tapering at the base, densely clothed throughout with subequal, hollow, fusiform or clavate branches, %4 to 1 inch long, about % inch in diam. Superfi- cial cells small, 7 yx aver., irregularly polygonal, unilocu- lar sporangia spherical, 38 to 42 in diam., scattered irregu- larly through the substance of the frond, not papillate at the surface. Grande Vallée River, Gaspe, Quebec, Prof. J. Macoun, Nos. 16, 37) 34 This species is coarser and stouter than any others of the genus, and the habit in well developed specimens reminds one of large specimens of Chordaria abietina, Rupr. In all the speci- mens in which the base was well preserved the fronds were at- tached to Chordaria flagelliformis, apparently a favorite habitat of species of this genus. The younger plants from one to two inches long were destitute of branches and, in this stage, might be mistaken for small specimens of Scytosiphon lomentarius. The habit when fully grown is well shown in Pl. LXXXVII, fig. 1, and the species is not likely to be mistaken for any other Dicty- osiphon of our coast, for none of them, however much they may vary in size and general appearance, have the inflated axis and short, subequal branches of the present plant, which is less gela- tinous than most other species, and in drying does not adhere well to paper. : ECTOCARPUS TOMENTOSOIDES, n. sp., Pl. LXXXVII, fig. 4. Pulvinately expanded, filaments 4% inch long, densely inter- woven, sparingly and irregularly branched, 6 to 8 y in’ diam., cells short, rarely twice as long as broad. Tricho- *Musée Bot. de Leide, i, Pl. XXY. 12 sporangia borne in short, very numerous, straight or slightly falcate branches which diverge at right angles from the fila- ments, sessile, linear, 60 to 80 yx long by 6 to 7 yw broad, gen- erally simple, occasionally pinnate. On fronds of Laminarig. Nahant, Mass. Mrs. R. S. Eigen- mann. able extent. This species,which forms short and dense patches on old Lam- tnari@, sometimes covering several inches, is evidently closely related to E. tomentosus, and it might be questioned whether it is not a young state of that species. case, for the specimens on which the species is founded were covered with the very abundant sporangia which indicate matur- ity. £. tomentosus forms characteristic rope-like masses several inches long, whereas the present species is not over a quarter of an inch long, and extends indefinitely over patches of consider- Furthermore the filaments are from a quarter to a third narrower than in £. tomentosus and, although the sporan- | gia are much like those of that species in some respects, they are — in no instance recurved in the way so common in the sporangia of £. tomentosus. 5 EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Plate LXXXVII. . Dictyosiphon Macounii. Natural size. Choreocolax Polysiphonie, showing tetraspores. x 500. . Ectocarpus tomentosoides, showing trichosporangia. x 500. Plate LXXXVIII. , 6, 9, 10, Gleosiphonia verticillaris. Such cannot well be the 2. Mesogloia Andersonii. B. Unilocular sporangia, A. Base of hyaline hair. x 500. ; 3. 4 g. A plant of natural size ; 6. Procarp with trichogyne C, hypogynous cell A, and carpogenic cell B. x 600; 5, 2 later stage of the carpogenic branch of 6 showing the first divisions of the , x 600; 10. Section of a spore-mass attached to carbo- carpogenic cell B. genic branch. Xx 500. : 7, 8, Chrysymenia pseudodichotoma. 8. Showing tip of stipe and sack-like branches, twice natural size; 7. Section of cystocarp. x 500. 13 An Enumeration of the Plants Collected by Dr. H, H, Rusby in South America. 1885-1886.—IV, ANTHOPHYTA. By N. L. Britton. GYMNOSPERM AZ, GNETACEZ. Ephedra Americana, Humb. & Bonpl. in Willd., Sp. Pl., iv., 860. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (503). CONIFER. Podocarpus montana (Willd.), Lodd., Cat. Plants, Ed. 1836, 37. (Taxus montana, Willd., Sp. Pl., iv., 857 (1805); P. caxifolia, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., et Sp. ii., t. 97 (1817).) Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1960). Podocarpus salicifolia, K\. & Karst. in Endl., Conif., 209. Mapiri, 10,000 ft. (2463) Cupressus sempervirens, L., Sp. Pl., 1422. Near Valparaiso, Chili, cultivated. (619). ANGIOSPERMZ. RANUNCULACEAZ Thalictrum podocarpum, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., v., 38. Sorata, 10,000 ft. (501); Cider 8,000 ft. foe Anemone decapetala, L., Mant. Pl.,79. Sorata, 13,000 ft., a very slender form. (A. ¢riternata, Vahl, Symb. iii., 74.) (1753), Ranunculus psychrophilus, Wedd., Chlor. And., ii., 300. Un- duavi, 8,000 ft. (1354); Sorata, 13,000 ft., a small alpine form. (1779). Ranunculus pilosus, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et. Sp., v., 45. Sorata ~ 10,000 ft. (510). Ranunculus brevipes, Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci., Nat., (V.), xvii, 14. (KR. setoso-pilosus, Stead, in Lechler No. 2709, Herb. Kew.) Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1981). Ranunculus stbbaldioides, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., v., 48. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1965). DILLENIACEZ. Davilla elliptica, St. Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. i., 17. Guanai, 2,000 ft. (865). 14 Davilla rugosa, Poir., Encyc. Meth. Suppl, ii, 457. Guanai, 2,000 ft. (863.) A smooth form with large acute leaves, the specimens in fruit only, from the junction of the Beni and Madre de Dios Rivers is provisionally referred to this species. (864). Doliocarpus Rolandri, Gmel., Syst., 805. Falls of Maderia, Brazil. (2495). ANONACE. Guatteria pogonopus, Mart., Flor. Bras., xiii., (1), 34. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1252). Guatteria ertopoda, DC., Syst. i., 505. Mapiri, 2,500 ft. (1240). Duguetia Quitarensis, Benth., Lond. Jour. Bot., ii., 361. Junc- tion of the Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios. (1361). Duguetia ? glabra, spec. nov. Folia oblonga, abrupte acuminata, asi obtusa, glabra. Camare in capitulum densissimum con- geste. Flores non vidi. Junction of the Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios. (1378). This species, if correctly referred to the present genus, differs from all the others I have been able to examine in having the separate fruits connate to very near their beaks, forming a very dense head. It also diverges from most of the species, in being entirely destitute of lepidote trichomes. The leaves are about 8 inches long by 2 inches wide, and are markedly acuminate. “‘ This fruit is very fleshy within and edible.” H.H. R. Trigyneia Boliviensis, spec. nov. Folia anguste oblonga, apica acuminata, basi acuta, utrinque glabra, brevissime petiolata. Bacce oblonge, 6-10 lin. long, 4-5 lin. late, stipite 6-9 lin. longe. Junction of the Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios. (1253). Foliage resembling that of 7: Matthewsii, Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc., v., 69, but fruit very different. Anona hypoglauca, Mart., Flor. Bras. xiii., (1), 13, ex descriptio. Junction of Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios. (1241). Aylopia grandiflora, St. Hil., Flor. Bras. Merid., i., 40. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1225). BOCAGEA AROMATICA (Tr. & Planch.) Oxandra aromatica, Tr. & Pl., Prodr. Flor. Nova Gran. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (IV.), xvii., 36. 15 Guanai, 2,000 ft. (2651). No. 1422 collected at Guanai is of this order, perhaps a Guatteria, but the material is insufficient for exact determi- nation. MENISPERMACE. Chondodendron tamoides (DC.), Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist., (11), vii., 44. Falls of Maderia, Brazil. (2096.) Abuta concolor, Pcepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. et Sp., il., 64. Falls of Maderia, Brazil. (1980); also a form with leaves acuminate and longer. Guanai. (1979). Common name “ Cofferaria.” Cissampelos Pariera, L., Sp. P)., 1473. Reis, 1,500 ft. (1441). Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1444). Var. Caapeba (L.), Eichl., in Mart. Flor. Bras.; xiii., (1), 190. Falls of Maderia, Brazil. (1442). Cissampelos sympodialis, Kichl., |. c., 192, var. GRANDIFOLIA n. var. Folia limba g cm. longa, 8 cm. lata; petiolis6cm. Junc- tion of the Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios. (1443). BERBERIDE. Berberis Quindiuensis, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et. Sp., v., 432. Unduavi, 10,000 ft. 508. Matching a specimen in Herb. Kew. named by Bentham, collected by Bridges in Bolivia. Berberis rigidifolia, H. B. K., |. c., 431. Near La Paz, 10,000 fi. (238i), PAPAVERACE. Bocconia frutescens, L., Sp. Pl., 634. Near Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1162). Bocconia integrifolia, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp.,i., 119. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1161). Eschscholtzia Californica, Cham., in Nees Hort. Berol., 73. Near Valparaiso, Chili. (498), Apparently introduced. Fumaria officinalis, L., Sp. Pl., 984. Near Valparaiso, Chili, (488). I cannot distinguish the F media, Lois., to which Phillipi refers the Chilian plants. Introduced from Europe. CRUCIFERA. Cardamine axillaris, Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat., (V). i., 290, Sorata, 16 8,000 ft., (2416); Unduavi, 10,000 ft., a small alpine form. (1366 Cardamine ovata, Benth., Pl. Hattw., 158. Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1198). Var. CORYMBOSA, n. var. Siliquis in corymbi conferti. Unduavi, 10.000 ft. (1206). Matching Spruce, No. 5378 from Equador in Herb. Kew. CARDAMINE SPECIOSA, spec. nov. Caule erecto, 20-30 cm. alte; folia 3 vel 4, pinnata, cum petiolo 7-9 cm. longo; foliola 5-7, oblonga vel ovata, 1-2 cm. longa, 5-10 mm. lata, integerrima vel pauci-dentata ; racemis terminalibus 5-7 cm. longis, multi- floris ; floris 1 cm. longis, atropurpureis ; siliquiis erectis, 4-5 cm. longis, linearibus, cum stylis longi-acuminatis ; petiolis q gracilibus, 12-15 mm. longis. Tota planta glabra. A most beautiful species, somewhat resembling C. pratensis, — L., but with very large deep purple flowers. Unduavi, 10,000 j ft., in wet places among mosses. (1190). Sisymbrium gracile, Wedd., 1. c., 288. Sorata, 10,000 ft. (1209). : Sisymbrium hispidulum (DC), Tr. & Planch., 1. c., A form of — variety with leaves merely dentate, not pinnatifid. Sorata, — 10,000 ft. (1208). Mandon, 907. Sisymbrium leptocarpum, Hook. & Arn., Bot. Misc., iii., 139- Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1207) Sisymbrium myriophyllum, H. B. K., in gi Syst., ii, 477: Near La Paz, 10.000 ft. (1205). ’ SISYMBRIUM(?) RUSBYI, spec. nov. Elatum; caulibus simplicibus, — vel prope ad apicem ramosum, fistulosum, glabrum ; folia nu- — merosa, distantia, simplicia, ovata; gracilia petiolata, 56 wie longa, 2-3 cm. lata, utrinque glabra | racemis 20-30cm longis; floribus 6 mm. longis, nibaparouneea q siliquiis linearibus, 2-4 cm. longis. Sorata, 10,000 ft. (1432): © Mandon, 906. : Alyssum maritimum, (L.), Lam., Encyc. Meth., i., 98. Near La ~ Paz, 10,000 ft. (1956). ineodaeed from ght oe ; Capsella Bursa-pastoris (L.), Mcench, Meth., 271. Near La Paz, | 10,000 ft. (1200). Also introduced. 1 Lepidium bipinnatifidum, Desv., Journ. Bot. iii., 165. Near La — az, 10,000 ft. (1202); Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1201). J Lepidium Chichicara, Desv., 1. c. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. ; (1203). 17 Senebiera didyma (L.), Pers., Syn., ii., 185. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1204). CREMALOBUS BOLIVIANUS, spec. nov. Erectus, pubescens, 50- 80 cm. altus; foliis oppositis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, 5-8 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, petiolis 5 mm., subter densissime albo- pubescens; racemis laxis, ramosis ; siliculis 8 mm. latis, 4 mm. longis, valvis orbicularibus, crenatis. Pedicellis 6-8 mm. longis. Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1816). The same as Mandon, 905 bis. in Herb. ‘ Cremalobus, sp. probably related to the last, but entirely smooth ; specimens only in flower. Perhaps a distinct species. Near Yungas, 4,000 ft. (1820). CAPPARIDE#. Cleome gigantea, L., Mant. Pl., 430. A large form with nine leaflets and elongated calyx lobes, extremely glandular-hairy all over, perhaps a distinct species or variety. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (736). Also a very smooth and slender form from Guanai or vicinity. (735). Cleome glandulosa, R. & P., in DC., Prodr., i., 238. Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (734). The same as Mandon, 937. Cleome latifolia, Vahl, in DC., Prodr., i., 239. Junction of Beni and Madre de Dios. (737). Cleome Guianensis, Aubl., Guian., iv., t. 273. Falls of Madeira, Brazil. (1160). MORISONIA OBLONGIFOLIA, spec. nova. Arbuscula. Folia ob- longa, coriacea, 12-20 cm. longa, 7-9 cm. lata, basi obtusa, apici acuta utrinque glabra et retpouliea : petiola 6-10 cm longa; racemi axillares, 3-7 flori; flores 2 cm. lati, pedicelli 1 cm.; bacce oblonge, costate, papillosze. Junction of the Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios. (2643 and 2708). Capparis nitida, R. & P., in DC., Prodr.,i., 252. Same locality. (1290, 1291, 1292). Capparis macrophylla, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., v., 91. Falls of Madeira, Brazil. (1293); Junction of Beni and Madre de Dios. (1288, 1289). Capparis crotonoides, H. B. K., 1. c., 95. Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (2637). VIOLARI&. Viola scandens, Willd., in H. B. K., Nov. Gen. & Sp., v., 371. 18 Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1175); Yungas, 6,000 ft. (844); Guanai, 2,000 ft. (845); native name “ Chilqua. ” Viola verontcefolia, Planch. & Lind., in Ann. Sci. Nat., IV, Xvii., 121. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (842). | lata, in petiola abrupte contracta, margine crenato-serrata, — utrinque glabra; petioli anguste-marginati, 1-2 cm. longi; _ stipulis fimbriatis, 1-2 cm. longis, 6-8 mm. latis; flores — axillares; pedunculi gracili, 2-3 cm. longi, ad medium bibrac- | | teolatum; sepalis linearibus, 6 mm. longibus; flores 15 mm. — lat., purpureis. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (843). 7 Viola Humboldtit, Tr. & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat,, |. c., vate RENIFOLIA, var. nov. Caules repentes; stipulis ciliatibus, 5 mm. longibus ; folia reniformia, mucronato-denticulata. Ma- piri, 5,000 ft. (2218) : The same as Mandon, Sorata, No. 943; “in graminosis.” VIOLA BRIDGESII, spec. nova. Caules repentes, graciles ; folia | reniformia, 15 mm. lata, crenata, glabra; petioli 1 cm. longi; flores axillares; pedunculi gracillimi, 6-7 cm. longi, infra medium bibracteolati; flores 15 mm. longes, calcare brevi, sepalis linearibus, obtusibus. Sorata, 13,000 ft. (841). This resembles V. Lechleri, Griseb., but differs from that spe- cies in being entirely smooth and having shorter and obtuse se- pals. It is also allied to the last variety enumerated, but its flowers are more than twice as large, and its leaf form very dif- | ferent. Collected first by Bridges, also in Bolivia. . duavi, 10,000 ft. (1074). A very neat little Alpine species lonidium commune, St. Hil., Pl. Remarques, 295. Mapiri, 2,500 — ft. (1365). 4 4 Lonidium Sprucei, Eichi., in Mart. Flor. Bras., xiii., (1), 373: ; Guanai, 2,000 ft. (1364). Falls of Madeira, Brazil (2055.) Lonidium album, St. Hil., 1. c., 303- Falls of Madeira, (846). © ALSODEIA OVALIFOLIA, spec. nova. Ramuli pubescenti. Folia — glabra, opposita, 6-10 cm. longa, ovalia, dentata, acuta v acuminata, basi obtusa; petioli 5 mm. longi; flores anguste — oe eae 19 racemosi, (pedunculi 2 mm. longi.), parvi; capsula 10-12 mm. longa, puberula. Junction of the Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios. (1916). Near A. deflexa, Benth. Leonia glycycarpa, Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv., ii, 69, t. 222 (£.. racemosa, Mart., fide Eichl., |. c., 391) Junction of the Beni and Madre de Dios. (2647). Sauvagesia erecta, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. Il, 294. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1076). BIXINE. Bixa orellana, L. Sp. Pl. 730. Near Yungas, cultivated. (1310). -Oncoba maynensis (Poepp. & Endl.), Eichl., l.c., 441. (Mayna paludosa, Benth.) Junction of Beni and Madre de Dios (1332); Falls of Madeira (1423). POLYGALE. Determined by Prof. A. W. BENNETT. Polygala paniculata, L., Amcen. Acad., v., 402. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1914.) Polygala Ti, Vahl, Symb. Bot., ii., 79. Near La Paz, Io,- ft. 34): Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1915.) POLYGALA Bac A. W. Bennett, spec. nova. Frutex parvus? Caule ascendente, pubescente ; foliis tenuibus, subglabris, lan- ceolatis, apiculatis, breviter petiolatis ; racemis terminalibus ; floribus pedicellatis, pedicellis hirsutis ; sepalis exteriorbus in- zqualibus, ovatis, pubescentibus, ciliatis, superiore majore, concavo; alis magnis, ovatis, glabris, eciliatis, 8mm. longis, 6 mm. latis; corolla alas equante, vagina basi valde gibbosa ; petalis per % coalitis ; petalis superioribus rotundatis. Semi- na fructusque ignoti. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (2869). Near P. Laureola. POLYGALA FORMOSA, A. W. Bennett, spec. nova. Frutex caule glabro vel puberulo ; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis, tenuibus, acu- minatis (supernis); 8-10 cm. longis, 4 cm. latis, breviter petiolatis ; racemis terminalibus, vel axillaribus, laxis, flori- bus insignibus pedicellatis, pedicellis puberulis ; sepalis exte- rioribus inzqualibus, glabris, eciliatis, superiore concavo ; alis grandibus, glabris, eciliatis, ineequaliter ovalibus, 12 mm. lon- gis, 8mm. latis; corolla ecristata ; petalis alas multo superan- tibus, per 34 coalitis, glabris; fructo elliptico ; seminibus triangularibus, hirsutis, caruncula carnosa preeditis, ad dorsum seminis dimidio libera descendente. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1908). Related to P. spectabilis, of Southern Brazil. 20 Securidaca volubilis, L., Sp. Pl., 992. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (2544), — Guanai, 2,000 ft. (2365). ; Monnina parviflora, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. & Sp., v. 419. Yungas, 7 4,000 ft. (1913 and 1909); Mapiri, 2,500 ft.; specimens re- — ferred to this species with some hesitation (1907.) Monnina cestrifolia, H. B. R., l.c., 413; Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1912). — Collected also by R. Pearce in the same region (728 in Herb. — Kew). : MONNINA BOLIVIENSIS, A. W. Bennett, spec. nova. Frutex ~ grandis ? Ramis validis crassis pubescentibus; foliis crassis ellipticis vel ovatis (supernis), 10 cm. longis, 6-7 cm. latis, ; nervo medio subtus valde prominente, breviter petiolatis, — petiolo ad basim articulato; petiolo nervoque medio pubes- ; centibus; paniculis terminalibus ramosissimus, confertis, ramu- ovatis, ciliatis, margine cceruleis; alis subrotundis, glabris, — eciliatis; carina et petalis lateralibus glabris, eciliatis ; fructu sessili, triangulari, 3 mm. longo, 2 mm. lato; gla abro et VIX — rugosoO; monospermo, seminibus maturis non visis. Nea rq Yungas, 4,000 ft. (1970). Related to W/. @stuans, (L.), DCs# and M. Xalapensis, Kunth. ' Monnina rupesiris, H. B. K., 1. c., 415. Sorata, 10,000 ft. 2 (1910); Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1911). : Monnina resedotdes, St. Hil., Flor. Bras. Mer., ii, 61. Near La | Paz, 10,000 ft. (1932 and 1933). Specimens also from neat ‘ Yungas, 4,000 ft. perhaps this species, perhaps M. Chandruy-_ i ensis, Spruce, ms. : Monnina, (?) Beni River (1538). A mere scrap wlth the flowers i not developed; not seen by Professor Bennett. 7 VOCHYSIACER Vochysia divergens, Pohl, Pl. Bras., ii., 19, t, III. Mapiri, 2, 500 — ft. (610). Specimens referred to this species with some hesi- — tation. y Trigonia pubescens, Camb. in St. Hil., Fl. Bras., ii., 114. Guanai, © 2,000 ft. (2450, fl., 2596, fr.) 1 Trigonia parviflora, Benth., Kew Journ., iii, 163. Guanai, 2,000 ft. (2449, fl.); Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1220, fr.) 4 i See Pe yy ieee ee ee ae ee ; : 21 Additions to Our Native Flora. Geum album, Gmelin, var. FLAVUM, n. var.—More slender ; flowers smaller, petals narrower and oblong, about half the length of the calyx-lobes, yellow.—In Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, often growing with the typical form, but scarcer. v Gaylussacia resinosa (Ait.), T. and G., var. LEUCOCARPA, nN. var.—Berries softer, white or cream-color. Specimens in alcohol semi-translucent.—Warrior’s Ridge, Huntingdon Co., Pa., 1858. East Knob, Pike Co., where, in 1886, twenty bushels of the fruit were gathered and sold for almost three times the price of the ordinary kind. Also reported as found in northern New Jersey. Behmeria cylindrica, Willd., var. SCABRA, n, var.—Erect, strict, 2 feet high ; leaves thick and rigid, very rough on the up- per surface, tomentose beneath, on short petioles or almost sessile usually reflexed and pressed against the stem; spikes densely flowered, much longer than the petioles. In bogs, Crawford and Lancaster counties, ene and at Budd’s Lake, Morris Co., N. J. THos. C. PORTER. Botanical Notes. Bulblets of Lycopodium lucidulum, \n addition to my note last month, on the “ bulblets” of Lycopodium luctdulum, Michx., I may remark that they seem to be by no means so rare as might have been expected from their having so generally escaped the notice of botanists. The persistent stipes were readily detected on specimens in the Columbia College herbarium. An esteemed correspondent in West Medford, Mass., writes that she found the bulblets without the slightest trouble on plants of this species under cultivation, and also on New Hampshire specimens col- lected last season. On a thrifty plant gathered near West Med- ford December 8th, some of the ‘‘ bulblets ” still remained. This specimen differed in one very interesting and important respect from those collected in Western New York. Sporangia as well s ‘bulblets”’ were plentifully produced on the latter, and the _ empty valves of several successive years were conspicuously per- _ sistent. In the West Medford plant not a single sporangium of this or any previous season was discoverable. In other words, _ the auxiliary reproductive process seemed in this particular in- 22 stance to have altogether supplanted the normal method charac-_ teristic of the genus. In general structure the West Medford — “ bulblets ” are substantially the same as those from Chautauqua. — The stipes are shorter, however, barely a line in length: the up-_ per bract of the antero-posterior pair is smaller, triangular lanceo-_ late and taper-pointed, (instead of ‘‘ oblong and obtuse ’’): the” two main scales of the ‘ bulblet” tend to diverge towards the ‘ extremity, thus producing a V-shaped opening between them — (instead of a mere tiny “notch”’). The accompanying diagrams | are based on the specimens from Western New York. To rep- resent the West Medford “ bulblet ” exactly, the uppermost bract in @ should be narrower, and the interval between the two lower : scales in ¢ should be greater. j i c= aN @, : a 4 Diagrams of Lycopodium lucidulum, x 6. Bracts at the summit of the stipe : (a), and ‘‘ bulblet ” near the base (@) and eee the apex (c). q Dianthus Armeria, L., flowers ordinarily in July and August. ’ Some eight or ten blossoms which I collected last October, on the Harlem bank of New York Island, were, therefore, greatly belated. The first one I found was of a darker purple than . usual, and the white dots in the centre of the flower were wholly © wanting. This peculiarity was so marked as to attract my atten- tion at the first glance, and I made a diligent search for other collected at the same station during midsummer were all iow normal in coloration. E. E. STERNS. | Willow-galls. E. E.S., in the last BULLETIN, suggests that gall-bearing by willowsmay possibly represent ‘‘a result of inse action become hereditary,” and this most unreasonable conjecture a is put forth on the slight negative evidence that “the writer had 23 repeatedly opened these cones without being able to find any larve or other indication of insect agency.” Clearly E. E. S. is a botanist and not an entomologist! Mr. Walsh, in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1864, states that in the cabbage-like gall which infests Salix longifolia there dwell the Cectdomyia which is the maker of the gall, and alto- gether about two dozen other species of insects, which he enum- erates, and which are more or less dependent upon the gall-maker for their existence ! In the cones which appear to have more par- ticularly attracted the attention of E. E.S., the larve of the gall-maker, a species of Cecidomyza, inhabits the very heart or center of the cone. Mr. Walsh says that ‘out of twenty galls opened November 15, all contained the cocoon. The first imago appeared April 5 and the last May to.” In addition to the true gall-maker the larve of another gall-gnat “live in great num- bers under the scales,” and, furthermore, the eggs of a meadow- grasshopper are often found under the scales—as many as fifty to one hundred in a single cone. At least twenty distinct galls are known to occur on the willows of the States east of the Mississippi. These have been elaborately described, and the habits of the insects producing them carefully studied. If our entomological brethren have en- countered any difficulty in the investigation of these galls, it has arisen not from the absence of “indications of insect agency ” in their production, but rather from the difficulty of discerning the true gall-maker when found in the midst of so many gall- guests. M. S. B. Weeds. Professor Halsted, late of the Agricultural College, Ames, Iowa, who has recently come to New Brunswick, N. J., is evidently in the midst of weeds, for he writes us concerning the flora of the vicinity of New York and especially the ballast plants, and hints that he would like a note in the BULLETIN, stating that he desires a report of the twenty worst weeds in any locality. The injuriousness and range of our native and intro- duced weeds can be determined only by the combined reports of many careful observers, and we trust our readers in all parts of the country will aid in this important work. It is suggested that the easiest method of making such a report is by checking off the 24 species in a local County or State printed list, giving as many — common names for each species as are in use in the locality. — Particular attention should be given to any recent weeds, and any successful means of eradication should be stated.—[Ed. Oxybaphus nyctagineus has established itself along one of the railroads leading into Providence, R. I., as I am informed by Mr. Arnold Green. W. W. BAILEY. Variegated Kalmia. {\ think variations are interesting and should be put upon record. I therefore send you a specimen of Kalmia angustifolia, with variegated leaf. This variety occurs in two places in the town of Dartmouth, Mass., and in quite siz- able clumps ; hence it is not an individual sprout. E. LEWIS STURTEVANT. [Our attention was called to the same occurrence in XK. /ati- Jolia some years ago by Dr. J. B. Potter, at Bridgeton, N. J.—Ed.] — A Trifid style in Mentha piperita. I enclose flower of Men- J tha piperita with a polemoniaceous style. The bifid character is — so strongly marked in the order that the indications of a possible : tri-carpellary structure may have an evolutionary value. T. MEEHAN. Eclipta procumbens. It must have been noted, but probably not recorded, as it deserves to be, that on plucking portions of Eclipta procumbens, the bruised tissue assumes an inky black hue. T. MEEHAN. A new Foreigner. Specimens of the great European pest,. Cuscuta Epithymum, Murray, var. vulgaris, Engelm, (C. Trifolit: Babington), have been sent me from Seidersville, Northampton Co., Pa., by Mr. Robert G. Bechdolt, who says it is making sad havoc in the clover fields of his neighborhood. Mr. B. has col- lected also, at the same station, Leontodon hirsutus, L., L. au- tumnale, _., Picris hieracioides, L. and Lactuca Scariola, L. THos. C. PORTER. Botanical Clubs seem to have taken a start of late. It is a good and encouraging sign, and speaks more plainly than any- thing else of the spread of botanical interest in recent years. The May’s Landing Botanical Club, under the Presidency of Rev. — Dr. J. E. Peters, has recently been organized in New Jersey. , j 25 Reviews of Foreign Literature. In a Dissertation by Paul Haupifteitsch, Greifswald, 1888, on the Cell-membrane and gelatinous Envelope of the Desmids, the author states that with the exception of Spzrotaenta, which does not properly belong to the Desmids, the cell-membrane of the entire family consists of two separate pieces, the thin edges of which overlap each other in a similar manner to the membrane pieces of the Diatoms. Many species of Closteritum and Pentium correspond still more closely to the Diatoms by having the so- called shells and girdle bands of the latter. When the cells divide a new cylindrical membrane is first formed under the place of meeting of the two pieces of the old, and when the two halves are shoved apart, the new membrane is thus exposed, after which a cross portion divides it in two cells. The completed membrane is in most cases provided with small pores; extending through these are fine protoplasmic threads, which terminate on the outside in small head-like expansions. The gelatinous covering of the membrane consists of separate portions covering certain parts, and these portions are composed of prismatic bodies fitting closely into each other. Although no clear exposition of the functions of these pores, nor of their relation to the rest of the plant, is given by the author, he states emphatically that the exudation of gelatinous substance takes place through them and that they are not formed till the membrane is otherwise perfect. E The so-called Spermatia of the Ascomycetes. By Alfred Moeller. (Bot. Zeitung, July 6th, 1888.) This is the subject of a brief article in reference to certain criticisms on a previous article, ‘“‘ The Culture of Lichen building Ascomycetes without Algz,” in which the author has given strong evidence in favor of the conidial nature of the supposed spermatia of the ascomycetes. In the article in the Bot. Zeitung, he sums up the evidence in favor of the theory of the sexual nature of the spermatia, and then the evidence on the other side, and states that there is no longer any reasonable ground for the assumption of the sexual function of these organs. 26 The arguments for and against this theory are as follows: When Stah! published his work on “The Sexual Reproduc- tion of the Collemacez,” no one was able to refute the assump- tion that the office of the spermatia was that of fertilization. But — it is quite as evident that in all the investigations made by Stahl, he was unable to bring forward any direct proof of this assumption. This latter fact was first clearly stated by Brefeld in his work on ‘“Schimmelpilze.” Now Moeller states that this last mentioned criticism holds also in reference to the two other cases generally cited in connection with that of the Collemacez, viz.: What is given by Fisher and Frank in reference to Polystigma and Gno- monia. ‘These three instances, he says, are the only ones brought forward by the advocates of the sexual nature of the spermatia of the ascomycetes. Opposed to this view of the subject is a long list of facts which may be briefly stated as follows: Already in 1876, shortly before the appearance of Stahl’s — work on the Collemacez, Cornu had discovered that in case of ‘ several kinds of the spermatia in question, they began to germi- nate and develop into a mycelium, when offered the proper nourishment. Against this evidence of the conidial nature of © the spermatia critics at once decided this to be only an abnormal development of a sexual organ whose real function was turned aside by external causes, and they gave as an analogous case the germination of the pollen grain in a sugar solution. Next appeared Krabbe’s investigations, published both in the Bot. Zeitung and in the Berichte des Deutschen Gesellschaft zu Berlin. These had special reference to the lichens. From this work it appears that the spermatia produced by C/adonia cannot be considered sexual organs, because the development of the apothecia is shown to be independent of any participation on the part of the spermatia. To evade this evidence of their non- sexual character, the opponents of this theory bad recourse to the assumption of apogamy, this being the only possible expla- nation left them. Next, the author speaks of the objections raised as to the re- sults of his own work, although he succeeded in bringing the so- called spermatia, not only to germination, but to thallus-forming & E a : ; : i E a ; 27 and fruit-bearing, still the believers in the sexual function declare this may be explained on the ground of the prevention of sexual activity. They cite as analogous cases, the swarm spores of fictocarpus. The author says that the facts in reference to these swarm spores are no more relevant to the case in question, the analogy, therefore, no closer, than in the comparison of the sper- matia about which Cornu writes, with the pollen grain of the phanerogams. He says the organs are entirely different and the plants to which they belong are very far from sustaining a close relation to each other; what is to be gained, therefore, by com- paring the development of a naked, ciliated swarm-spore with the conidia of the ascomycetes which cluster about the twelve celled trichogyne ? As the last and most conclusive evidence against the sexual theory, he gives what is found in the latest edition of Brefeld’s “ Schimmelpilze,” (Heft. vii, p. 57). Here it is claimed that what was formerly looked upon as an unexplainable riddle, viz.: Ascus fruit without the intervention of a sexual act, is clearly the natural course of one method of a sexual reproduction, the high- est member of which is the sporangium fruit. As proof of this conclusion Brefeld says that during the winter preceding the pub- lication of his work, more than one hundred forms of spermatia, chosen at random from many kinds of ascomycetes, were brought to germination and development. Added to this were ay cases of new forms ofspermatia never before tested. Contrasting the facts for and against the sexual theory, the author says there can no longer be the least doubt existing. In three cases, by a somewhat circuitous method of reasoning, the probability of the sexual nature of the organ was established. In none of these instances was it shown that the spermatia united with the trichogyne. Add to this the improbability of the fer- tilizing matter of the tiny spermatium being able to make its way, — as sometimes it must, through twenty-four trichogyne cells before it can effect fertilization,and the evidence is very much weakened. All the spermatia which have been subjected to careful treatment have shown their ability to germinate and develop. Careful ex- periments have shown that the ascus fruit can be asexually pro- duced without the aid of the spermatia, and finally it may be : 28 3 ‘ q said, it has been clearly proven that the ascus fruit in general originates asexually. Notwithstanding all this the author com- ] plains of the exceeding obstinacy of those who still bring forward the old argument and explain by bringing in apogamy and such ~ far-fetched analogies as the swarm-spores of Ectocarpus. For the benefit of those who still hold fast to the one strong — point in favor of the sexual theory, viz.: the facts in case of Col- lema microphyllum, he adds a single fact, which is that sperma- — tia of this plant, after lying one month in prepared food solution, began to show signs of germination ; after two'and three months they had thrown out tiny tubes in two or three directions, and not till after the fourth month did the tubes reach the stage of branching. It is therefore, the opinion of the author that when _ the various kinds of lichen conidia (spermatia) have been studied — so as to allow of their arrangement in a series whose members show a constantly decreasing power of intensity of growth, those — of Collema will stand at the end of this series, as up to the © present time they show the slowest growth of any forms inves- — tigated. Culture of Lichen-building Ascomycetes without Alge: By Alfred Moeller, and Germination of Lichen-spores on Moss-pro- — tonema and on Alge which are not like the Gonidia of the — Lichens; By Gaston Bonnier. In the Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau of October 27 both : of these articles are reviewed, and the results of the experiments — given. The reviewer begins by stating that the so-called — Schwendenerish theory, as elucidated by him about 20 years ago, ‘ in regard to the double nature of Lichens, for the majority of - botanists had passed out of the stage of theory into that of scien- — | tific certainty, but that quite recently some few Lichenologists, — Stein, Nylander and others, had placed themselves on the Oppo- — site side of the question. ] The theory can be proven either by synthesis or analysis. The former method has been tried successfully by Rees, Treub and Stahl, and still more recently by Bonnier, that is, the Lichen- | thallus has been raised by uniting fungus-hyphz and certain — Alge forms. By the analytical method it must be proven that — the green part of the lichen, the so-called gonidia, are identical 4 29 with certain forms of alga, which Schwendener very successfully accomplished. But as other investigators, Famintzin and Baran- etzky, proved that the gonidia of many lichens were able to carry on an independent existence, while entirely disconnected from the hyphz of the lichens, this fact was not taken as evi- dence of the truth of Schwendener’s theory, even by the discov- ers themselves, and it was maintained that these were not alge but only free lichen-gonidia. The Lichenologists held firm to the idea that it was possible for the gonidia to take their origin from the lichen-hyphz. In order to break down this idea, there was only one method to be used, (which he calls the second form of the analytic method) that was to cultivate the lichen-building fungus and bring this to a reproductive stage, as has already been done with the alge. Lichen spores must be sown where no algze could get an entrance. These spores of lichens are devel- oped in a fruit form which corresponds to that produced by other fungi. Until the experiments of Moeller, however, all attempts to bring the lichen spores to a full development had failed; they would germinate and grow for a short time, and then die without producing fruit. Moeller succeeded in bringing the spore to de- velop into a lichen thallus, and this to produce spores* No gonidia were formed in the whole course of development. The lichens thus cultivated were, Lecanora, Lecidea, Graphis, Calycium and Ver- rucarta. In the case of Calycium several places in the spore sent out little mycelium tubes, out of which was built, in about four weeks time, a thallus 2 centimetres long and over 1 broad. This thallus developed spermagonia in which were produced sperma- tia according to the generally received opinion about the various fruit forms of the lichens. These spermatia, however, on being sown on a proper medium, germinated and produced a thallus, From this fact Moeller decided that they are not fertilizing organs, as they have hitherto been regarded, but only another form of conidia, or asexually produced spores. He names them Pycnoconidia. These experiments seem to have taken away the last fragment of support for the theory of a genetic connection between the alge and fungi of the lichens. It is still desirable * Untersuchungen aus den botanischen Institut der kénigl, Akademie Miinster i, w., 1887. 30 that cultivation be carried farther, until, if possible, ascus fruit is produced from the thallus. Bonnier had noticed that moss protonema was attacked by some kind of fungus, and it occurred to him that the lichen-— building fungus might be brought to use another host if the — proper alga forms were not to be obtained. He therefore culti- vated moss protenema on sterilized sand, in an apparatus arranged — so that no germs were allowed to enter from the air. In this way ~ he raised several mosses, Hypnum cupressiforme, Barbula mur-_ alis, Funaria hygrometrica, Mnium hornum, Dicranella varta and Phascum cuspidatum. On these developed cultures he then — sowed the lichen spores. In other cases he sowed lichen and— moss spores at the same time. He was able to follow the growth — of these spores, some of them, under the microscope; saw the protenema of the moss seized by the growing lichen spore and gradually invested with it in the same manner as observed in the case of filamentous alge. These hyphz, branching and anas- tomosing, finally built an elegant network about the moss-pro- tonema. Bonnier then tried to substitute other alge forms in lichens” having only a certain kind. He placed the germinating lichen spores in the presence of the foreign alga, but in, most cases, failed to produce a thallus. Twice in case of Parmelia parietina however, he succeeded. The normal alga of this lichen is Proto- coccus viridis and he obtained lichens with Protococcus botryotdes, and what is still more conclusive, with an alga of quite different form, namely, 7ventepohlia abietina, a reddish filamentous alga. G, Index to Recent American Botanical Literature. Acrostichum Hartii, Baker, n. sp.—J. G. Baker. (Journ. Bot., xxvi., 371). Description of a new species from Trinidad, ” named for the collector, Mr. John Hart. Andropogon—Notes on.—F. Lamson Scribner. (Bot. Gazette, xiii, 294-296.) Berberis Fendleri.—Sereno Watson. (Garden and Forest, i., 100, fig. 72.) A 31 Berberis Fremonti.—Sereno Watson. (Garden and Forest, 1. 496, fig.77.) 7 Black Rot. (Lestadia Bidwellit. ¥. Lamson Scribner and Pierre Viala. (U.S. Dept. Agric., Botanical Division, Bull. No. 7, pp. 29, Washington, 1888.) A report of observations made during 1887 on the ravages of this pest of the grape; portions of it have been already pub- lished in French by Prof. Viala, under the title ‘‘ Le Black Rot in Amerique,” and to these are added the results of successful experiments on the treatment of the disease during the past sea- son. There is a very interesting chapter on the origin and his- tory of the malady. The fungus causing it is native to East America, and is found on most of the wild vines. Its oldest specific name is wvicola, Berkeley and Curtis, who placed it in the genus Phoma. Mr. Ellis first described the perithecial stage as Spheria Bidwellii, There have been a variety of other names applied to it, and now Prof. Scribner tells us that ‘‘a minute study of the perithecia, both in America and France, has caused us to classify the fungus in the genus Lestadia. The only spe- cific name which now ought to be given itis Lestadia Bidwelliz.”’ Now we are quite willing that mycologists should decide whether or no the name given the original imperfect form should stand, but inasmuch as Kunth applied the generic name Lestadia toa genus of Andean Composite as early as 1833, while as applied by Auerswald to fungi it dates from only 1869, we would submit that the binomial accepted by Profs. Viala and Scribner cannot stand under any circumstances. Botanic Garden for the City of New York.—C. S. Sargent. (Gar- den and Forest, i., 517, 518.) Professor Sargent ably states the advantages of a great botan- ical garden to the city of New York and to botanical science, and indicates the lines upon which such an establishment should be administered, the elements available for its foundation, and the needs of such an undertaking. Botany at the University of Gottingen.—W. E. Stone. (Bot. Gazette, xiii., 287-294.) Botany for Academtes and Colleges, consisting of Plant Devel op- 32 ment and Structure from Seaweed to Clematis, and a Manual : of Plants, including all the Known Orders with their repre- | sentative Genera.—Annie Chambers—Ketchum. (Small 8vo., — pp. 190 and 192, Philadelphia, 1889.) The plan of this new book follows the Jussieuian method, bell ginning with the consideration of the most lowly plants and leading up to that of the Anthophyta. The terminology adopted for the ~ lower groups is antique. We were not prepared to see the names ) Thallogens and Acrogens—the latter here including both the moss tribe and the fern alliance—used again, and can but regret that they have been employed by Mrs. Chambers—Ketchum. The book is thoroughly illustrated, many of the cuts being taken from original drawings. There are chapters on the past history of plants, on plant chemistry, on the several systems of classifi- cation, and on nomenclature and pronunciation The tables of what are called Etymons, giving both the derivations of common — words and those of proper names, are very useful. The “ Manual — of Plants’ composing the second part of the book, contains an immense amount of information in a very small space. 7 Chekan. (Eugenia Chequen, Mol.) H.H. Rusby. (Druggists q Bulletin, Nov., 1888, with cut. Reprinted.) 4 Composite in Medicine—H.H. Rusby. (Pharm. Rec., Dec. 1, 1888. Reprinted.) A brief consideration of the chief medicinal species, compile with special reference to the want of uniformity which exists 1 the constituents and properties of this natural order. : Cork-wings on certain trees. — Development of.—Emily L. Greg- ory. (Bot. Gazette, xiii, 249-258, 281-287, 312-317; two plates.) Diatomaceous formations of Virginia in connection with some re cent discoveries made in the excavation of the Eighth Stre tunnel at Richmond.—C. L. Peticolas. (The Microscope, viii 327-330. A description of the location and extent of these world-re erable interest, for the author has enjoyed special advantages fe the study of these formations. ‘ 33 Diatoms. and other Alge of New Haven Harbor and adjacent Waters.—Wm. A. Terry. (Amer. Month. Micros. Journ., ix., 225-227.) An interesting contribution to our knowledge of the diatoma- cee of Long Island Sound. It is to be hoped that the author will continue his researches and follow this paper with a complete catalogue of species. Cowie Ks, Diecism in Andropogon provincialis—A. A. Crozier. (Bot. Gazette, xiii., 302.) Flora of the vicinity of San Francisco—By H. H. Behr, M.D., Prof. of Botany in the California College of Pharmacy. Want of originality is a fault which certainly can never be charged against the author of this book. A Linnzan key to the generi contrasts strangely enough with the most modern ideas in the treatment of some portions of his subject. We note partic- ularly the brief diagnostic descriptions of species which render it possible to produce a convenient little hand-book. With all its faults of arrangement, the work must be found a great conven- ience to those who wish to carry their key into the field with them, Fossil Plants—Evidence of the, as to the age of the Potomac For- mation.—Lester F. Ward. (Amer. Jour. Sci., xxxvi., 119- 131. Fungi which kill insects —Otto Lugger. (Exp. Sta. University of Minnesota, Bull. No. 4, 26-41, nine figures.) Gronland’s Vegetation—Eug. Warming. (Engler’s Bot. Jahr., x., 364-409.) An exhaustive account of the character. and distribution of the Flora of Greenland. Guatemala.—Undescribed plants from.—John Donnell Smith. (Bot. Gazette, xiii., 299, 300; two plates.) Hanburia parvi- flora and Calea trichotoma are described. Heather in Townsend, Mass.—George L. Goodale. (Amer. Journ. Sci., xxxvi., 295-296.) Another locality for Cal/una vulgaris is reported, discovered by Mr. Ralph Ball. Dr. Goodale presents conclusive evidence that it was introduced from Europe some twenty years ago. 54 History of Garden Vegetables—E. Lewis Sturtevant. (Amer. Nat., xxii., 979-987; continued.) Kohl-rabi (Brasszca oleracea, caulo-rapa), Lavender (Lavendula vera), Leek (Allium Por- : rum), Lentil (Ervum Lens) and Lettuce in its various forms | (Lactuca sativa), are here discussed. Lntroduction to Entomology.—Part £—John Henry Comstock. 3 (8 vo., pp., 234, Ithaca, 1888.) The study of insect life is so closely associated with certain branches of botany that mention of this new work will not be considered out of place. It is both structural and systematic, the first two chapters being devoted to an exposition of the charac- ters, metamophoses and anatomy of insects. The remainder of the book contains descriptions of families and orders, the deter- minations being aided by analytical keys, similar to those used with such advantage in our botanies. Mrs. Comstock has con- tributed much to the value of the work in drawing and engraving most of the illustrations from original material. List of plants found Srowing wild within thirty miles of Amherst. N. A. Cobb. (Pamph., 8vo., pp. 51, 1887). Although published nearly two years ago, this local catalogue has only recently come to our notice. It is an extension of Prof. : Tuckerman’s list of the same region, published in 1875, and in- — cludes representatives of all the sub-kingdoms, a goodly number | of Protophyta being recorded. Localities are given for the scarcer flowering plants and ferns, but the lower classes are ! merely enumerated. Michigan Agricultural College—First Annual Report of the De- partment of Botany and Forestry. W. J. Beal. (Pamph., pp. ; 25, Agricultural College, 1888.) Besides the records of work accomplished at the Experiment Station and its outlying farms, Professor Beal contributes chap- ters on the Flora of Northern Michigan, on that of the “ Jack- — pine Plains,” and comparisons of the Michigan Flora on the east and west sides of the State, in latitude 44° 40’. Enothera albicaulis. F. W. Anderson. (Bot. Gazette, xiii., : 300,301.) SEs Te Ee NE yo een eee ee ee ee ee Se Ae” Meee Pens wae es? 35 Mr. Anderson records the offensive odor emanating from the flowers of this species. Pentstemon rotundifolius, Sereno Watson. (Garden and For- est, i,, 472, fig. 73.)) C.G,. Pringle... (L:¢.,°490.} Pharmaceutical Habitat Map of France. P. W. Bedford. (Pharm, Rec., Dec. 15, 1888.) This is one of the most carefully prepared and instructive things of its kind that we have seen. Its practical value is en- hanced by an alphabetical descriptive index on p. 393. Unfor- tunately there are quite a number of typographical errors. 5 Res & Primula Rusbyi, Greene. J.D. Hooker. (Bot. Mag. t. 7,032.) Comparing this species with P. Parryz, Sir Joseph Hooker remarks that judging from dried specimens and the figure before us, the flowers are not, as stated by Mr. Greene, so large nor brightly colored as those of the latter species. While this is un- questionably true, yet the discrepancy is not so great as would seem from this figure. The plant appears, like so many of our Primulacez, to vary considerably. The figure displays a plant taller and more slender, and with more numerous and narrower flowers, the color less vivid and the eye less prominent, than in the specimens that I collected in the Mogollon Mountains. Of these specimens Mr. Greene received the largest and showiest. It is clear that neither the plants collected by Mr. Pringle, nor those of Mr. Lemmon, had such well developed flowers as those of the type. There are other characters besides the size of the flowers which make Parry’s species more attractive in its na- tive habitat. It grows three or four times as tall, and in masses or rows among the rocks, these presenting patches of brilliant bloom. On Mt. Humphreys, where I collected it July 3, 1883, I was obliged to dig through several inches of snow to secure the roots. The P. Rusbyi, on the other hand, grows scattered over rich lightly wooded hill-sides, and is a much less luxuriant grower. Protococcus—An elementary Study in Biology. Uenry L. Os- born. (Amer. Month. Micros. Journ., ix., 183-186, fourteen figures. 36 Quercus virens—The Live Oak. C.S,. Sargent. (Garden and Forest, i., 476, fig. 74.) Report of the Botanist New York State Museum of Natural His- tory. Chas H. Peck. (41st Ann. Rep. Trustees, 1887, pp. 51-122; four illustrations.) Mr. Peck’s present report contains much information of in- terest and value not alone to New York botarists, but to all. Enumeration is made of twenty-six species of flowering plants not before recorded as growing within the State, most of them introduced, but including Aster junceus , Salix amy gdaloides ; Potamogeton Ziztt; P. Hillii: Panicum nervosum; Deyeuxia Portert and Eatoina Dudleyi, all detected in the Western coun-_ ties by Professor Dudley. Besides these, there are a great num- ber of Fungi, fifty-two of them described as new, all collected by | the indefatigable State botanist himself, mainly in the Adirondack — region. Mr. P. H. Dudley contributes one of his important arti- cles on fungi destructive to timber. Not the least valuable chap- ter is an index to the species mentioned in the .Museum Reports Nos. 22 to 38. The growth of the herbarium at Albany is evi- — denced by the statement that specimens of 170 species were added during 1887, of which number 105 were previously un-_ represented. : Rhetic Plants from Honduras. J.S. Newberry. (Amer. Journ. Sci., xxxvi., 342-351; one plate.) Rubiaceen Stidamerikas._-Ueber einige verkannte oder wenig gekannte Geschlechte der. Karl Schumann. (Engler’s Bot. Jahrsb., x., 302-363.) A long discussion of the limitations and relations of a large | number of genera in Rubiacez. Scale- Flowers. (Mutisia viciefolia, Cav.) H. H. Rusby. — (Druggists’ Bulletin, Dec. 1888, with cut.) seeaenets The rots of. C.S. Sargent. (Garden and Forest, -» 506, fig. 8 swistars and tts Baceeion Laboratory. Wm. R. Dudley. (Bot. — Gazette. xiii., 305-311.) Synopsis of the Medical Botany of the United States. J. M. . Carter, A.M., M.D., etc. (Geo. H. Field, St. Louis, Mo.) ae Be 5 oP SIS il) joer ee atte hls ain sa, 37 This work on Medical Botany, which is very complete in its way, is rather historical than practical or scientific. No attempt is made to fix upon the real value of the plants in medicine, the names of the species and varieties—to the number of 1 300—be- ing given in botanical sequence, and having appended aa list of the properties which have at one time or another been credited to them. Asa result we have an excellent record of the popu- lar estimate, past and present, of our North American plants, but little that could guide any one, except to certain failure, in their use. Thus we find ascribed to Hepatica astringent, hepatic, pectoral, demulcent, deobstruent and tonic properties ; and yet its reputation in hepatic disorders is antiquated, having arisen solely from the fancied resemblance of its appearance to that of the liver, and it is now considered by all scientific authorities as being nearly inert. To nine genera in Caryophyllacee are as- cribed important actions while in reality that family is the type of inertness. We miss from the list of consulted works given in the preface, the name of that one that would have been of most value to our author, the Medical Botany of North America, by Dr. Laurence Johnson. That work, which we have, however, always held to be too conservative, represents more nearly the modern estimate of our vegetable drugs, and challenges a ma- jority of the statements as to medicinal activity made in the pages of the book before us. Uromyces Trifolit. Lucien W. Underwood. (Bot. Gazette, xiii., 301, 302.) Proceedings of the Club. The regular monthly meeting was held Tuesday evening, December 11, 1888, the President in the chair and 20 persons present. Mr. Sterns, Chairman of the Committee appointed at the last meeting to consider the matter of the proposed Botanic Garden, presented a report, which was accepted, and the Committee was enlarged to eight members. The amendment to the Constitution proposed at the Novem- ber meeting, increasing the annual dues from two dollars to four dollars and including all the publications of the Club, was unani- 38 mously adopted. A paper by. Dr. Thos. Morong, on “ First Glimpses of South American Vegetation,” was read by the 3 retary. The desirability of increasing the scope of the Club’s publica- tions was discussed, and authority was given the editors to in- 7 augurate a new series to be called ‘“ MEMOIRS,” and to contain 7 papers too long for printing in the BULLETIN. At the adjourned meeting of December 26th the Vice- President was in the chair and 27 persons present q Mr. S.A. Briggs, Mr. E. A. Congdon, Miss Lena Rowley, 4 Miss Irene Halsted, Miss Louie R. Heller and Miss Helena D. — Leaming were elected Active Members. Prof. Joshua Paul of Salt Lake City, Utah, was elected a Cor- responding Member. a Mr. Van Brunt read a paper on “The Flora of the Higher Catskills.” q A collection of plants made by Rev. Dr. Chas. H. Hall in the Yellowstone National Park in June, 1888, was shown and com- mented upon by Dr. Britton. Among them were the following species not recorded in Mr. Frank Tweedy’s Catalogue : 4 Ranunculus alismefolius, Geyer; Camelina sativa (L.), Crantz; Polygala paucifolia, Willd. , apparently not before re- — ported foi the Rocky Mountain region and possibly not col- lected quite within the confines of the park, but certainly very near to them; Dodecatheon ¥effreyi, Moore, var. alpinum, Gray} Hydvashoiliiin capitatum, Dougl.; Mertensia oblongifolia, Don}; Lithospermum angustifolium, Michx.; L. ptlosum, Nutt.; Echin- ospermum deflexum, Lehm. ; Ovyoashas nyctagineus, Sweet; Polygonum ramosissimum, niche: and Carex Hoodii, Boott. Dr. Hall gave an interesting account of his trip and of the cir- cumstances under which the plants were collected. fronds for the past seven years; also specimens of Aster linarit- folius in which the extremities of all the rays were laciniate. ‘ Miss Clark showed Polygonum articulatum and Pogonia trianthophorus gathered at Intervale, N. H., on the eastern slope of the White Mountains. : BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. Vol. XVI.) New York, February 5, 1889. [No. 2. White Mountain Willows.—IL By M. S. BEB. SALIX PHYLICIFOLIA, L. Carey, Gray’s Man., Ed. 2. S. chlor- ophylla, And., Gray’s Man. Ed. 5, excl. char. S. chloro- phylla, var. denudata, And., DC. Prod. This has been considered the rarest species of the little group of Alpine Willows found on the White Mountains, and certainly specimens available for study in even the largest her- baria of the country have been very meagre and unsatisfactory. We read, therefore, with surprise Mr. Faxon’s statement that it is ‘‘ probably more widely diffused than S. argyrocarpa, reaching the same upper limit, but descending a little lower’’—and his ample collections within the range reported, viz., from 3,700 to 5,500 feet altitude above the sea, would seem to indicate no scarcity of individual plants. From Mr. Faxon’s notes I com- pile the following list of particular localities: Oakes Gulf, Lake of the Clouds (where it appears to have most frequently attracted the attention of other collectors), Alpine Garden, Tuckerman’s Ravine, Hermit Lake, Great Gulf, Spaulding’s Spring, Madison Spring and Huntington’s Ravine—“ where it is quite abundant; . but this ravine is so difficult and dangerous that I have never explored it much, not daring to do so alone.” S. phylictfolia is also found on Mt. Mansfield, near the Lake of the Clouds, where it was first noticed by Mr. Pringle. Mr. Faxon finds the species to vary in habit as follows: 1. In the higher parts of the Alpine Garden, on Mt. Washington, alt. 5,500 ft., it is a depressed and prostrate shrub, seldom rising more than one foot from the ground, fruits rarely, and seems not to endure the rigor of the climate so well as the other Alpine _ species. 2. “In Oakes Gulf, Tuckerman’s Ravine, and around 40 the Lake of the Clouds it is more erect, 2% to 4 feet high, with stems I to 1% inches in diameter, diffusely branched, sometimes with stems depressed, perhaps by snow, and only the branches ascending or upright.” 3. “In the Great Gulf, near Spaulding’s Lake, the altitude above the sea is nearly the same as the plant occupies in Tuckerman’s Ravine on the opposite side of the mountain, but here it is protected by growing among alders and other small trees, and attains a height of 10 feet, with a stem 4 inches in diameter.” This last is one of Mr. Faxon’s interesting discoveries, and gives to S. phylicifolia as found in the White Mountains, the same range of variation in stature, dependent upon altitude and exposure, which the species exhibits in Europe. The characters specified by Prof. Andersson as serving to distinguish his S. chlorophylla from the Old World S. phylicc- foltia, are most noticeable in the Rocky Mountain S. chlorophylla var. pycnostachya, but when we come to compare the plant of the White Mountains and Labrador with the European proto- type, we find the leaves are not “ more or less covered with silky hairs,” the aments are not “narrower and more compact,” the capsule is not ‘‘shorter pedicelled,” the style is not “longer.” Absolutely no such differences exist, and Carey, Tuckerman, Barratt and all the early New England botanists were quite right in referring the plant in: question to the old Linnzan species. Doubtless Prof. Andersson felt that it would be more convenient every way and would give a more “scientific frontier’ to his new species S. chlorophylla, to draw the dividing line through the middle of the Atlantic; but, alas, willows will not grow to suit the dividing lines of the wisest of salicologists. In approaching the study of American willows in their rela- tionship with the European, Prof. Andersson makes the following observations: * “ Looking into the American Floras published by various authors since the time of Michaux, we find that the indigenous salices of America (with the exception of a few of the most arctic) all [séc] have names totally differing from the Euro- pean species. Now this was hardly to be expected, when the well-known fact is considered that the vegetation of a large part : * Synopsis of North American Willows. ‘ 41 of the Northern regions is, I dare not say quite identical, but very uniform or homogeneous all round the world. Hence, although the indigenous Willows in America generally are con- sidered different from those in the Old World, we should look for a greater resemblance than has as yet been recognized, not only in the higher Arctic regions (as partially shown in Hooker’s Flora Boreali-Americana), but also in the more southern parts. And, in fact, my inquiries have persuaded me that the similarity or analogy in this respect is greater than is generally supposed. With my experience of the European willows, which frequently vary from one extremity of size, form, and color to another, according to the area of the species, * * * I could not be sur- prised to find many American willows equally varying from ours, although certainly belonging to European types, or at least so analogous to their European relatives that they might be considered as sub-species of them.” Good! But turning from this to the pages of the author’s latest and most important work—the ‘‘ Prodromus.”” monograph—we are surprised to find a wide and unexpected discrepancy between the words of the manifesto and the later performance. In only one single in- stance * is any American willow before regarded as distinct now for the first time recognized as a sub-species of an European relative ; while on the contrary, species are separated or new ones erected upon precisely those characters which the author's experience with Old World forms had already taught him were not to be relied upon. The willow under consideration presents a case in point. In some of its forms it is so very like the European plant, that had Prof. Andersson himself encountered it in one of his Lapland excursions, he would have simply passed it by with the nod of recognition due an old acquaintance. Mr. J. G. Baker (to whose * Even this is scarcely to be regarded as anexception! S. rostrata, Richards., made a sub- sac of co-equal rank with SS. &vida, Wahl., un the near S. vagans—a new name for anew combination of old pends, ohick 2 ot a single botanist on hee side of the Atlantic has accepted. Andersson first proposed S. vagans, cinerascens, occidentalis, which Dr. Gray shortened into S, “vida var, occidentalis ; but whatever rank might be assigned the American plant, surely the old name of Richardson should have been retained, as indeed it was, later, by Prof. Andersson, 42 knowledge of the range of variation shown by S. phyliczfolia Sir Joseph D. Hooker defers in his Student’s Flora of the British Islands) writes me; ‘I have carefully examined the White Mountain willow, and felt quite satisfied in my own mind that it cannot be distinguished specifically from our European phylicifo- lia.” This is temperate, but none the less decisive. I would, however, go further and say that often the resemblance is so close as to include even those slight peculiarities of “size, form and color,” which we expect to find in two plants of the same species when growing side by side. Will the reader bear with a bit of personal experience which brought this conviction home to my mind. Last winter I was comparing two sheets of loose specimens, spread out on the table before me; one set from the White Mountains, collected by Mr. Faxon; the other from Lapland, collected by Dr. Hakansson. Both were fresh, admirably prepared, and as it happened both had been taken in exactly the same stage of development. I had carelessly picked up a twig of fruiting aments to examine with the hand-magnifier, but when I came to return the speci- men I had forgotten (or to be more exact, I had failed to notice in the first place) from which sheet it had been removed. Super- ficial resemblances or differences to guide me in replacing the specimen in hand there were none. I soaked up capsules of the two plants, American and European, placed them under the microscope and carefully compared every minute character of scale, pedicel, style, stigmas, etc. Mind, I was not looking for specific distinctions, I only wished to find some slight individual peculiarity which would enable me to replace my specimen. I felt piqued to think I should be so baffled, but finally, sooner than vitiate the integrity of the remaining material, I threw my twig of questionable belonging into the fire! I do not wish to be understood as making the sweeping assertion that all the White Mountain and Labrador phylicifolia is equally undistin- guishable from the European, for I know very well that some forms can be, at once, recognized as peculiarly American. What I do claim is that from a meeting-ground of perfect similarity the American forms diverge not more widely than do the European of the same species. 43 First Glimpses of South American Vegetation. By THOMAS MORONG. A voyage of seventy days may seem in these days of steam an age, but if all ocean trips were distinguished by as pleasant weather as that which the writer enjoyed in the good bark Evie J. Ray, in crossing the Atlantic to the Rio de la Plata, everybody would wish to go to sea, no matter how long the passage. And yet we had seen so much of the “‘ wild waste of waters,” that the cry, “Land ho!” on the afternoon of October 6th was very welcome to our ears, when the Uruguayan coast came intov iew at the mouth of the noble estuary into which the Plate River empties. The land consists of low sand hills and beaches, appar- ently quite barren, or showing a scanty and stunted vegetation, On swinging across the stream to the Argentine side, one is struck with the fact that the land itself is so low that it cannot be discerned at a mile’s distance from the deck of a vessel. Only a few trees, single or in scattered clumps, consisting probably of cul- tivated Lombardy poplars or the Ombu, the sole indigenous tree of this region, rise above the level, revealing the coast line. The land here is a part of that vast region known as the Pampas, low plains very similar to the flat prairies of Indiana and Illinois, which stretch westward unbroken for many leagues to the foot of the Andes, and southward to Patagonia. The river, at least as far up as Buenos Aires, although a vast volume of water from 60 to 100 miles in width, is very tame and uninteresting. The water is as yellow with mud as the Potomac or the Mississippi. No plants whatever appear to grow in it, The city of Buenos Aires presents a fine front to the river, but it has no harbor, and the water is so shallow that steamships and sailing vessels are obliged to discharge their cargoes in lighters, unless they can enter the “ Boca” (mouth), as it is called, the mouth of the Riachuelo, a small stream some two or three miles south of the city, which has been dredged sufficiently to admit craft drawing 20 feet of water. In fact, most of the sailing ves- sels are unladen here, and the little port is crowded with shipping of all nationalities. It is now early spring, and the season corresponds with 44 our April, but the vegetation is much more forward than I have ever seen it in that month in the States north of Maryland. The climate more nearly approaches that of North Carolina, and is even milder, as ice and frosts seldom occur in this latitude, even in midwinter, and snow is unknown. The public gardens, of which there are a number in the city, are already gay with a mass of bloom, mostly of exotic plants. Several species lic, or from Paraguay, exhibit great clusters of yellow flow- ers. Tree mallows, as tall as one’s head, and many other shrubs and herbaceous plants that I do not recognize are here, while the coco palm waves its broad fronds in the air and lends a tropical aspect to the scene. Upon the banks of the river, and on the low grounds and vacant lots in the outskirts of the city, still sodden with the recent rains, I collected a number of inter- esting plants, most of them quite new to me. In the pools or upon their borders abounded the Sagittaria Montevidensis, somewhat stouter than our S. variabilis, Acicarpha tribuloides (Ord. Calycere), with heads of small white flowers set on a thorny involucre, Spergula grandiflora, Cerastium Commersoniana (C. humifusum, Camb.), Lepidium pubescens, Senecio Hualtata,a ’ stout composite common here in damp soils, and now in full flower, and Ranunculus (Aphanostema) apitfolius, a tall species of the adortivus group, with shining leaves. In company with these occurred several introduced species, which had a familiar home look to my eyes, such as Ranunculus muricatus, Medicago denticulata, Lilea (L. subulata?), Capsella Bursa-pastoris and Sonchus oleraceus. Contum maculatum, growing rank and high, has taken possession of many of the sloughs and miry beds, and Rumex pulcher is common along the gutters and by ‘the house walls. Brassica (Sinapis) alba is the “ charlock” which invades the grain fields and cultivated grounds, as do the allied species at home. In one spot on the garden borders I picked up Ana- gallis cerulea, growing vigorously, a foot or more in height, and already in fruit, though its bright blue, yellow-eyed flowers were still abundant. A handsome Fumaria unknown to me, but which, as I am informed, is an introduced species, sprang up under the fences, and clambering over a thicket of small thorny 45 Acacias, not yet leaved-out, was a bright red, delicate 7ropa@o- lum,—T. chymocarpum (T. pentaphyllum, L.), and on the edges of the same thicket, ina ditch was Tradescantia Guyanensis, bear- ing delicate white flowers. The only native shrub which I found in bloom was Cestrum Pargut, some two or three feet in height, with light yellow tubular flowers, a member of the Order Solan- acez. Oddly enough, this shrub has a fancy for growing upon the roofs and projecting walls of old houses in the city. Nearly all the buildings here are square structures, one or two stories in height, made of brick or stucco, with flat roofs, of the type so common in Spanish and Italian cities. To the tiles or along the coping and roof gutters of many of these, you may see a whole wild garden clinging. Besides the Cestrum, which thrusts itself out horizontally over the sidewalk, I noticed various grasses, Sonchus, Geraniums, Oxalis, Dandelion, Shepherd’s-purse, Ceras- tium, and various other herbaceous plants. In wet grounds I came across a strange thing named Hyme- ranthus Yaborosa (H. integrifolia, L.), which has a long white corolla tube, with five spreading segments, the included stamens and stigma just filling the throat, around which were sprinkled honey glands for the delectation of visiting insects. This plant bears a long white root which runs just under the surface of the ground, and throws up at intervals single leaves and scapes in the manner of our Avalia nudicaulis. It belongs to the Order So- lanacez. Some of the lowland pastures are densely covered with a bright blue, yellow-eyed Szsyrinchium, called by Grisebach (Symb. ad. Fl. Arg.), S. Bonariense? The Sisyrinchiums of this part of South America are very numerous, and as yet poorly defined. The same may be said of the So/anums, of which I saw several species, among them S. wigrum, var., S. spinossissimum, S. berhaavefolium, S. sisymbriifolium (so I thought it), and a species brought from the Grand Chaco territory, probably undescribed. The plant that I shall be likely to remember the longest is a nettle, very common here in waste grounds, which on first sight I took to be Urtica dioica or U. gracilis, and which I boldly grasped as I had so often done at home. It proved, however, to be a much more formidable species, armed 46 with numerous spines, the sting of which made my fingers tingle for hours afterwards. It is Urtica spathulata, which 1 warn all North American botanists who follow in my track to collect with gloves on their hands. Soon after my arrival I took the cars to La Plata, a city which lies about 20 miles to the south of Buenos Aires, in order to pay a visit to the well-known botanist, Dr. Carlos Spegazzini, who was formerly connected with the University of this place, — but is now a Professor in the Colegio Nacional of La Plata. Dr. Spegazzini received me with the utmost cordiality, and even left his classes in the college to escort me to his home, and accom- pany me back to this city. To his extensive knowledge of the local flora I am indebted for the means of identifying many of the plants mentioned in this article. In his garden, growing spontaneously, were quite a number of the wild plants common in the vicinity, such as Erigeron Bonariense, Gnaphalium Amert- canum, Soliva anthemiifolia, Soliva sessilis, Malva parviflora, Ffeliosciadium leptophyllum, and Bromus unioloides. 1 also had the pleasure of getting from his grounds Herbarium specimens ofa number of the rare shrubs which grow in the northern provinces of Argentina, such as Duvaua longifolia, Tillandsia bicolor, Carica (Vasconella) quercifolia and Buddleia hebtfiora. Dr. Spegazzini has devoted much attention to the Fungi, Char- aceze and other cryptogamous plants, and also to the Graminee, of which he has a large collection. He has published a number of works upon South American plants, having travelled as far South as Terra del Fuego to make observations. He is an enthusiastic botanist, and received me with a courtesy and gen- erosity for which I cannot be too grateful, I have also made several excursions from the city in other directions, mainly for the purpose of observing the Pampas, upon which I have for years longed to gaze. For many miles in this vicinity these plains are cultivated in villages or cattle farms, known as Estancias, and therefore cannot be seen in all their native wildness. For that one must travel from one hundred to two hundred miles, but what I can see within easy reach shows clearly the prodigious vitality and fecundity of the thistles, which, as is well known, have invaded the soil by legions, 47 and are so tenacious of life that it is almost impossible to subdue them. There are several varieties of these thistles. The most common is the cardoon, not yet in blossom, but in some instances beginning to form heads. This has a broad, prickly leaf, blotched and striped with white, and does not in this region grow to any great height. The gigantic Pampa thistle, Sz/ybum Marianum, \ess numerous, but a much taller plant when full grown, is just coming into flower, which has a very pretty, bright red color. The cardoon, in some places as far as the eye can see, occupies every foot of the ground. In cleared spaces here and there I saw herds of cattle grazing, or ostriches stalking about like domestic fowls. Occasionally I saw flocks of sheep and herds of cattle which could be numbered by thousands, but neither their teeth nor their feet seemed to lessen the number of the thistles which hold possession of the ground, and increase in spite of man and beast. Among the cultivated trees around dwelling houses and by the roadsides, was the peach, which is planted in orchards and bears well, the Lombardy poplar, the Australian Lucalyptus, Robinia pseudacacia, Acacia Bonariensis, popularly called the Napinday, Melia Azedarach, here known as the Tree of Para- dise, Zamarix Africana, and Nicotiana glauca, called by the natives Palampalan (pronounced with a strong accent on the final syllable). The Eucalyptus is popularly regarded as a security against malaria, and for this reason is extensively cultivated in this region, but all the Eucalyptus trees in the world, combined with the “Good airs” for which this town and province are named, will not save from epidemics a city in the suburbs of which the sewerage is allowed to meander at its own wild will and to stand in green, slimy pools above ground, and the car- cases of animals left to rot where they die by the street side or in the vacant lots. My eyes and nose can testify to the fact that the germs of malaria, the cholera, the yellow and typhoid fevers, the diphtheria, and kindred scourges must find a congenial soil in thé Boca and other neglected portions ‘of this city. The Eucalyptus, whether it possesses anti-malarial virtues or no, grows into a handsome and good-sized tree in this country, and when planted in masses forms a very agreeable shade for 48 dwelling houses. The Lombardy poplar and the locust do no better than in New England, and are scarcely worth the ground which they occupy. I would like to see the experiment tried of importing our maple into. this region. The silver poplar is occa- sionally seen, and seems to thrive, and I know no reason why the maple might not. The nests of several orchard birds give a peculiar aspect to the house surroundings here. Among these is the “ Hornero,” the “‘ Baker” or ‘‘ Oven-bird,” somewhat smaller than our robin, and so called because it builds a curious, round, oven-like habita- tion of mud which, after the fashion of our barn swallow, it plasters over the tops of posts, stumps, the ends of broken limbs, and even on the sides of houses. I knocked off one of these ovens and found it to be roofed over, with the entrance at the side, the walls an inch in thickness, and the whole weighing not less than eight or ten pounds. It indicates a great deal of indus- try and perseverance on the part of this little creature to be able to carry so much mud in its bill, and no little ingenuity to con- struct a nest which is as round and even as though it were smoothed by the trowel of a mason. On some of the peach trees, scarcely higher than a man’s head there were other nests which at first view looked like baskets of twigs. One of these, the work of a bird smaller than the Hornero and known as “El Lefiateros,” or “‘ Twig-gatherer,” is as large as a peck basket, made of small twigs, the ends of which are very ingeniously twisted and hooked together. I thought when I first caught a glimpse of this nest, that it must be the home of an eagle at least, and wondered how it came to be placed in the crotch of a ‘small tree, where it looked as much out of place as a marten house would if placed upon a huckleberry bush. When closely examined it proved to be a regular twig hut, the real nest being a small cavity in the interior, the entrance to which is on the side. Frail as the structure looks, yet it can withstand the pamperos, the violent winds which frequently blow from the southeast across the pampas, and cling fast even while the slender tree is bent almost to the ground. Around the gardens were old hedges of the Indian fig cactus and the Mexican Agave, which grows luxuriantly in this climate. 49 Specimens of the Agave that I saw had leaves six feet in length. I am told by residents here that this plant ‘throws up its tall spike of flowers annually. I do not feel sure that such is the case, but at all events it must flower quite often, and little deserves the name of the ‘‘ Century Plant.” I am surprised that the fibrous threads into which the leaves of this plant can be split has never been utilized for making cloth or cordage. While the leaf is fresh the filaments can be pulled apart by the fingers with the utmost ease, and they are as fine as sewing cotton and wonderfully strong. With their great length they should be equal, if not superior, to hemp for working purposes, and I see not why they would not be fully as strong and flexible as the hemp fibres. In closing this article, which is written under great difficul- ties, I wish to acknowledge the many courtesies extended to me by the gentlemen connected with the Public Museum, the Public Schools and the English press of this city, as well as by Ameri- can residents and business men to whom I brought letters of introduction. I have already spoken of Dr. Spegazzini. I am also especially indebted to Dr. George J. Ryan, Director of the Normal School, who has greatly interested himself in my work, and to Hon. B. W. Hanna, our United States Minister, who has done all in his power to facilitate the object for which I have visited this country, and whose assistance has been of great value in my intercourse with Argentine officials. BuENos AIRES, Oct. 26, 1888. On Gyno-Dicecious Labiate. Dicecious Labiate are not uncommon among the genera and species of thc Old World. The plants are not absolutely of sep- arate sexes, but in the one case individual plants have herma- phrodite flowers abundantly fertile, and plants wholly female through the total abortion of the anthers. So far as I know, no American species has presented this character, but European species of this class, introduced to this country, retain the pecu- liarity, showing that the tendency is inherited, and is not due to the accident of environment. Dr. Gray notes that this charac- ter—termed gyno-dicecious—exists here among the introduced 50 Menthas, and Mr. Howard Shriver observed it in Nepeta heder- acea, which I can confirm, and I have seen also that it follows the European Garden Thyme here to the same extent as in the Old World. I want now to add another species to the list observed in the Old World, though it is an Old World species from the moun- tains of Caucasus— Nepeta grandiflora. 1 have two plants from seed sent from Europe, showing the tendency is inherited. One is hermaphrodite, the other (by abortion) purely pistillate. The case is specially interesting in view of the endeavor of Mr. Darwin to detect differences accompanying the separate con- ditions of the gyno-dicecious plants. (See Forms of Flowers, Chapter VII). He seems to have noted little besides a greater number of flower heads on the hermaphrodite, though there were a greater weight of seeds from the female, in the case of the thyme. The results are exactly the same in Nepeta grandifiora. There are many more heads of flowers than in the female, but in the hermaphrodite plant many flowers fail to perfect and fall, while on the female apparently every flower results in perfect seed. It is probable, therefore, that it is not because the seeds are heavier in one than in the other, but be- cause there are more perfect seeds though fewer heads. here is in these Mefetas a great difference in the plants. The internodes in the hermaphrodite are one and one-half inches : in the female there is but an inch between the nodes. This ten- dency pervades the inflorescence, hence while the hermaphrodite is loosely verticillately-spicate, in the female it is glomerate- spicate. The flowers differ remarkably. They are almost inconspicu- ous in the female, while worthy of the specific name grandifiora in the hermaphrodite. They are about three times the size of the female ones. The failure of some of the flowers to mature seed is not prob- - ably due to matters connected with pollinization. The pistils in the hermaphrodites are evidently as perfect as those in the female, and, as they are receptive only after their own pollen is shed, they have the same chance to have pollen from neighbor- ing flowers (though from the same plant) as the female has. It é 51 is probably due to lessened chances to obtain nutrition, which I have shown in other papers is not favorable to the female or re- productive power. A greater amount of nutrition is spent on the large corolla, which is saved in the smaller female one. The Labiatz are well-known for the tendency to abort stamens in many genera and species. The law under which this is accom- plished is still obscure. Whatever that may be as affecting all the individuals of one genus or species, it can scarcely be identi- cal with that which causes gyno-dicecism among individuals of the same species, yet the very fact that similar results appear to come from different agencies, gives the whole question an interest that should attract to it renewed attention. I do not know any subject that promises better reward, and one of the aims of this paper is to stimulate observations by botanical students. THOMAS MEEHAN. Notes on the Flora of the Palisades of the Hudson. Frequent visits to the Palisades, extending through an entire season, enable me to report the following plants as growing with- in a distance of three miles northward from Englewood, which I have never met with on the opposite side of the river in New York City, where I have long been closely familiar with the flora : Cerastium arvense, L. Common along the top of the Pali- sades. It flowers in May, in some places adorning the brink of the cliffs with a fringe of white bloom. It occurs on Manhattan Island near High Bridge. Impatiens aurea, Muhl. Flowering opposite. Riverdale on August 18, 1878, and near Englewood, September 17, 1887. Has been reported from further down the river. Amorpha fruticosa, L. A group of plants on the shore op- posite Mt. St. Vincent; flowering June 21, 1888. Has been re- ported from near Tarrytown. Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.), Hook. Woods at the top of the Palisades opposite Riverdale (in fruit September 18, 1887), and two sterile plants near the shore a mile above. Phaseolus polystachus (L.), B.S. P. Found at two places on rocky wooded slopes across from Spuyten Duyvil. It grows luxuriantly, but seems to be mostly sterile, although some full 52 sized pods were found September 22, 1888. Has been reported from New York Island and from Tarrytown. Baptisia tinctoria, R. Br. Near Englewood. Singularly enough this common plant seems to be wanting on the opposite side of the river. Crantzta lineata (Michx.) Nutt. On the shore across from Mt. St. Vincent. Sambucus racemosa, L. Wooded slopes along the Palisades. Solidago arguta, Ait. Sparingly in woods at the top of the Palisades opposite Mt. St. Vincent. Flowers past their prime September 23, 1888. Cynoglossum Virginicum, L. At several places. With small flower buds, May 30, 1887. Orontium aquaticum, L.. Woods back of the Palisades, nearly opposite Mt. St. Vincent. Past flowering May 30, 1887. Woodsia Ilvensis (L.), R. Br. On the edge of the cliff at Indian Head. In connection with this list of plants are to be noted the fol- lowing, which occur on the New York side of the Hudson only at one or two stations: : Arabis lyrata, L. Abundant on the exposed stony slopes at the foot of the Palisades, and extending up the face of the cliffs wherever it can find a root-hold. On the opposite shore a few plants grow near Spuyten Duyvil and Riverdale. Geranium Robertianum, 1. Common on the rocky, wooded slopes of the Palisades. It occurs on Manhattan Island near High Bridge. Staphylea trifolia, L. Found only at a single station on the New York side of the river, two miles inland. Rubus odoratus, L. Common; on the contrasted side of the river it occurs only near the shore at Riverdale. Cornus circinata, L’Her. On the New York side only at one inland station. Galium lanceolatum, Torr. Not uncommon; on the New York side at only one spot, near the river. Solidago squarrosa, Muhl., Common; on the New York side it occurs sparingly near the river between Spuyten Duyvil and Mt. St. Vincent. 53 Gaultheria procumbens, L. Common; on the New York side I have found it only near Fordham. Gerardia Virginica (L.), B.S. P. Not uncommon; it occurs opposite only at one station on Manhattan Island on the bank of the Harlem River. Teucrium Canadense, L. Quite common; on the opposite shore I have met with it only on Ft. Washington Point. Asclepias verticillata, L. Common; on the New York side I knew of a single station for it where it is now extinct. Andropogon provincialis, Muhl. This is the only grass I have met with on the Palisades which is not well represented on the opposite side of the river, where it occurs at only one local- ity. It is frequent along the top of the cliffs. EUGENE P. BICKNELL. Riverdale, N. Y. City. Gentiana alba, Muhl, A gentian, discovered many years ago, by Dr. Gray, during a botanical trip through the mountains of West Virginia, was de- scribed and published by him in the Am. Journal of Science as G. flavida, but in the first edition of the Manual it reappeared as “ G. alba, Muhl., Cat!” with the statement, that, although the name is inappropriate and the giver of it has left on record no character of the plant, he regards the two as identical. Among the synonyms cited is the G. ochroleuca, Freel, of the Flora Ces- trica (ed. 2), and Dr. Darlington, following such high authority, supplants it by G. a/ba, Muhl., in the subsequent editions of his ’ work. Now, strange to say, the specimens in his herbarium at West Chester, Penn., prove that he was right in the beginning. They are all G. villosa, L. (G. ochroleuca, Freel.) The same is true of the citation from Torrey’s Flora of New York (ii. 106). Dr. Torrey expressly says that he had seen no specimens of the plants he describes, but his description, with its “ obovate leaves and wingless seeds,” clearly indicates G. ochroleuca, Freel. Hence, G. alba, Muhl., should be dropped from the Catalogue of the Torrey Club. In Muhlenberg’s Catalogue (ed. 2), under Gentiana, occur these three species: ‘‘ 2, Saponaria, L.’”—which is probably cor- 54 rect; “3, ochroleuca, Freel., (Saponaria, Mx.),’”—which may be G. ochroleuca, Froel., and ‘4, alba,’ which points most likely to G. Andrewsit, Griseb., whose corolla-plaits, and sometimes the corollas entire, are pure white, whilst those of G. flavida are tinged more or less with yellow. In the Synoptical Flora, Dr. Gray gives this range for the species in question.—-‘‘ W. Canada and L. Superior, south to IIli- nois and Kentucky and the mountains of Virginia, east to Penn- sylvania and New York.” In Pennsylvania it is a very rare plant and not known further eastward than the central Alleghany region. I have it from two stations, collected at one in Lycoming County, by McMinn, and the other in Huntingdon County, where it was collected near Birm- ingham, on Little Juniata river, by J. R. Lowrie, September, 1875, and by myself also at a later date. There being no certain evidence, therefore, that Muhlenberg ever saw it, the species should hereafter bear the name of Gen- tiana flavida, Gray. TuHos. C. PORTER. Onondaga Indian Names of Plants, CORRECTIONS. O-skwen-e-tah is Snake Root. A revision of my list by my Onondaga friends gives the following alterations: Ta-keah-noon- wi-tahs, Violet; Oo-hoosk-ah, Slippery Elm; Teu-tone-hoh-toon, Black Raspberry; $¥wke-ta-his, Sarsaparilla; Cho-koh-ton, Bal- sam Fir; Qo-a-hoot-tah, Sweet Flag ; Oo-nah-na-tah, Artichoke; O-yun-wa, Golden Rod. The changes are slight, but important. I gave the Oneida name for the Hop; the Onondaga is AA- weh-ha, or ‘“‘ Flower,” as in the other. ADDITIONAL PLANT NAMES. Oot-kwen-tah-ke-ehn-yo, “New growth is red.’ This is another name for a small variety of the Red Maple. Oo-kah-ta, “Not ripe ;”” Blue Cohosh, but applied to the others. Oo-sa- tah, Grey Willow; Oo-na-too-kwa, “‘ Rushes that grow high,” or “Plenty of flags growing,” Cat-tail. Kah-a-wa-soont-hah, “ Flower coming from Sunflower,” Elecampane and Artichoke. 55 Ka-sa-yein-tuk-wah, “It brings the frost,” Wild Aster. 7ez-7ze- nah-kt-en-tun-oo-noo-kwa-sa, ‘Sheep Burr,” Hound’s Tongue. The first six syllables mean sheep. Oo-hoh-ha-tah, Elm; Kah- en-ta-keh-a-tah, White Oak; O-yen-kwa-hon-we, “Real To- bacco,” (WV. rustica, Lin.) Deut-soo-kwa-no-ne, ‘‘ Round Nut,” Black Walnut. Ka-ha-tak-ne, “Dusty Fruit,” Wild Plum. W. M. BEAUCHAMP. Botanical Notes. The Audubon Monument. A committee appointed by the New York Academy of Sciences has been at work’ for some months obtaining funds for the erection of a monument to John James Audubon in New York City. As an incentive towards contributions, this committee has obtained prints from the best portrait of Audubon in existence, and is prepared to furnish them to all who will contribute one dollar or more. These portraits are of two sizes, the one suitable for binding in a jour- nal; the other suitable for framing. Remittances should be made to the Treasurer of the Audubon Monument Committee, New York Academy of Sciences, Columbia College, New York City. A National Museum has been established in Costa Rica, and its first annual report has been received. From this we learn that an earnest commencement has been made toward the forma- tion of an herbarium. Mr. J. J. Cooper has been employed to collect plants, which are to be sent to Capt. J. D. Smith, of Bal- timore, for determination. A collection of two hundred wood- sections, each one meter in length, has already been made. Index to Recent American Botanical Literature, Botanical Notes.—Mary K. Curran. (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d Ser., i. Also reprinted). The great interest which centers at present in the Pacific coast flora leads us to welcome eagerly any contribution upon the subject. The writer of this paper has evidently collected and observed much, and might have given us—what upon casual reading this seems to be—a valuable and reliable contribution. But careful comparison reveals violations of the scientific spirit 56 so flagrant, and misrepresentations so serious, that we are obliged to distrust all that we have not the means for veri- fying. Almost at the outset we are informed that the true position of Staphylea is inthe Zygophyllacee, between Guzacum and Chitonia/ And this merely because any other position would compel her to accept the genus of a person whom she does not like. At the same time Mr. Greene is accused of rele- gating the plant in question (Viscainoa geniculata, Greene) to the Euphorbiacez, an accusation entirely without foundation, he having expressed precisely the opposite opinion. Dendromecon fiexile, Greene, is declared to be merely a luxuriant form of D. rigidum, Benth. After examining ample specimens of both species, we are inclined to regard them as being about as closely related as Cornus Canadensis and C. florida. The several species of Eschscholtzia, which have been separated with so much care by Bentham, Watson and Greene, are here indiscriminately referred back to Z. Californica. Although the genus is rather a difficult one, we are impressed by seeing specimens inscribed in the handwriting of Dr. Gray with most of the names of the above authors. It is also noteworthy that while we found Z. Californica growing abundantly in Chili, we could never find, during our short stay in that country, any variation from the type. We also find the opinion expressed that all the forms of Rhamnus Californica run into R. Purshiana, a mistake which, practiced in the collection of barks, renders many medicinal ex- tracts of the latter nearly worthless. Calandrina oppositifolia. 5. Watson. (Gard. Chron., iv., 601, fig. 83.) California Medicinal Plants.—\Notes on.—Jas. G. Steele. (Pharm. Rec., ix., 7-8.) Calochortus Gunnisoni.—Undescribed Varieties of —T. D. A. Cockerell. (West Am. Sci., v., 17, Three new varieties are described—var. imaculatus, var. im- maculatus and var. purus. Catalpa speciosa for Timber Planting. G. W. Fincher. (Garden and Forest, ii., 21.) Cypéracées de l’ Ecuador et de la Nouvelle- Grenade de la Collection 57 de M. E. André. P. Maury. (Journal de Botanique, ‘ii., 389-396; 418-425.) The great value of the enormous collections accumulated by M. André in Northwestern South America is being made known through the studies of numerous botanists. M. Maury contrib- utes an enumeration of the Cyperacez, 58 species. He notes that it includes about two-fifths of the species of the order known to grow in Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. The new species are as follows: Cyperus flexibilis, C. Andreanus, Dichromena Jasciata and Rhynchospora panicifolia. Diatomaceous material—Cleaning recent.—F. W. Weir. (The Microscope, ix., I-4. Although the writer modestly claims no originality for any part of the process he describes, yet he has prepared a paper which cannot fail to be very serviceable to those who are desir- ous of learning how to clean recent gatherings. ‘Shee » eee Eugenia Garberi. C.S. Sargent. (Garden & Forest, ii., 283 0, fig. 87.) This is a new species collected by Garber and Curtiss and Professor Sargent. It has beautifully glossy, acuminate leaves. Ferns. W.H. Gower. (Garden, xxxiv., 461.) Pellea ternifolia, P. sagittata, P. flexuosa, P. atropurpurea, P. geranitfolia and P. intermarginalis are described and the latter figured. Forestry Convention. Address by Prof. F. L. Harvey.—A reprint of the author’s paper read at Bangor, Me., Dec. 18th, 1888. Forests and Woodlands of New Jersey.—I. (Garden and Forest, li., 33.) From advance sheets of the final Reports of the Geological Survey of New Jersey. Fungt.—New Species of from various localities. J. B. Ellis and B. M. Everhart. (Journ. Mycol., iv., 121-124.) Eighteen species are described. In this connection it will be of interest for us to state that the editors of the Journal of Mycology give notice that it will be published during the year 1889 as a quarterly, edited under the direction of the Commis- sioner of Agriculture, and will be distributed free to all the 58 present subscribers; this arrangement will doubtless have the effect of giving this useful magazine a much wider circulation. Tlex.—A partial Chemical Examination of some Species of the Genus. F. P. Venable. (Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., v., 128-130.) Lackawanna and Wyoming Valleys.—A Preliminary List of the Vascular Plants of the.—W.R. Dudley. (Proc. and Coll. of the Lack. Inst. of Hist. and Sci., i., 29-106.) This list, which bears evidences of considerable care and trouble in the collecting and identifying of specimens upon which it is founded, is unfortunately marred by innumerable typographical errors—certainly no fault of the author. Seven hundred and sixty-nine species and varieties are enumerated. Among the most interesting notes is the record of the discovery by Prof. Dudley of Arceuthobium pustllum at Little Roaring Brook and Lehigh Pond. Lepicystis sepulta. WW. H. Gower. (Garden, xxxiv., 566, illus- trated.) Lonicera sempervirens. F. W. Burbidge. (Garden, xxxiv., 300-301, Pl. 668.) Mountain Forests.—The Influence of—(Garden and Forest, ii., I.) Neillia Torrey. S. Watson. (Garden and Forest, ii., 4., fig. 84.) Physianthus albens. (Garden, xxxiv., 397, illustrated.) Physiological Botany. Fieaged of, as applied to Horticulture and Forestry.—TI., [1., II. o. L. Goodale. (Garden and Forest, ii., 8-9; 20-21, 32-3 7 Polypodium Picoti. (Garden, xxxiv., 577, illustrated.) Practical Botany. W. W. Bailey. (Common School Educa- tion, Jan., 1889.) The first of a series of articles under this heading. Pseudophanix Sargenti. (Gard. Chron., iv., 408, fig. 56.) Rare Trees of Rhode Island. L. W. Russell. (Garden and Forest, ii., 34.) The following are mentioned: Quercus 59 palustris, Q. obtusiloba, Liriodendron Tulipifera, Fuglans nigra and Diospyros Virginiana. Relation Between the Growth and Form of Leaves. 1. P. Grat- acap. (Proc. Nat. Sci. Asso. of S. I., Dec. 8th, 1888.) Schubertia grandifiora. (Garden, xxxiv., 341, illustrated.) Shortia galacifolia. WW. W. Bailey. (Garden and Forest, ii., 34.) Smilax tamnoides. (Garden, xxxiv., 304, illustrated.) Stuartia Virginica, (Garden, xxxiv., 280, illustrated. ) Symphoricarpus vulgaris. (Garden, xxxiv., 280, illustrated.) Weeds of the Nebraska Plains—A few notable. C. E. Bessey. * (Amer. Nat., xxii., 1114-1117.) Notes on Cenchrus tribuloides; Solanum rostratum—known as “Buffalo-bur;” Helianthus annuus, Hordeum jubatum, “ Tickle-grass,” and the two tumble weeds of the region, Ama- rantus albus and Cycloloma platyphylhim. White Huckleberries. B. A. Westbrook. (Garden and Forest, li., 10.) A description of what is apparently a permanent variety of Gaylussacta resinosa, with white fruit, growing in New Jersey along the Delaware River from Carpenter’s Point to Wallpack Bend. This must be Dr. Porter’s var. ewcocarpa, characterized in the January BULLETIN. Yucca angustifolia—A chemical study of. "Helen C. DeS. Ab- bott. (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., xvi., 2 54-284.) Proceedings of the Club. The annual meeting was held Tuesday evening, January 8, 1889, the President in the chair and twenty-five persons present. Mr. Sterns, Chairman of the Botanic Garden Committee, read the appeal prepared by the Committee, which was adopted, The following officers for the ensuing year were elected. President, Dr. J. S. Newberry; Vice-President, Mr. Thos. Hogg ; Treasurer, Dr. J. I. Northrop; Recording Secretary, Miss M. O. 60 Steele ; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Helena C. Gaskin ; Cura- tor, Miss Louise M. Stabler; Librarian; Mr. M. L. Delafield, Jr.; Editor, Dr. N. L. Britton ; Associate Editors, Miss Emily L. Gre- gory, Ph.D., Prof. Jos. Schrenk, Dr. H. H. Rusby, Prof. C. Henry Kain, Mr. Arthur Hollick. Prof. T. C. Porter presented notes upon several species of our native flora. Among them an Aster, related to A. cordifolius, but apparently undescribed. Dr. Britton showed a specimen of a new species of Rhexia from May’s Landing, N. J., collected by Dr. J. E. Peters. From the aristate petals Dr. Britton proposes for it the name of &. aristosa. Dr. Willis presented specimens of flowering shoots of Acer dasycarpum from a tree which has the peculiarity of bloom- ing each year in the late autumn or early winter. Dr. Newberry showed specimens of the fruit of Apzeba Tibourba from Central America, and remarked on the oil extracted from the seeds, a bottle of which was also shown. At the adjourned meeting of Jan. 23, the President was in the chair and twenty-one persons present. Mrs. Matilde Sutro, Mr. E. S. Miller and Mrs. Alla Doughty were elected active members. Prof. L. H. Bailey was elected a corresponding wienbier Dr. Emily L. Gregory read a paper on “Some Special Forms of Periderm,” which was illustrated by a series of micro- scopical preparations, taking up especially the corky, wing-like growth of Liguidambar, Quercus macrocarpa, Euonymus alatus and Acer campestre. Mr. Sterns reported that copies of the appeal for a Botanical Garden had been distributed. He gave some account of the universally favorable comments of the press. On motion it was resolved that the Botanic Garden Committee of last year be re- appointed by the President and instructed to make every reason- able effort to advance the project of a public botanic garden in New York City. BULLETIN OF THE PURREY BOTANICAL CLUB. Vol. XVI] New York, March 8, 1889. (No. 3. An Enumeration of the Plants Collected by Dr. H. H. Rusby in South America, 1885-1886,.—V, (Continued from p. 20.) CARYOPHYLLE. Silene Gallica, L. Sp. Pl. 595. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (2476). LYCHNIS ANDICOLA (Gill.) (Szlene andicola, Gill. Bot. Misc. ili. 147). . Sorata, Bolivia, 10,000 ft. (1179). Cerastium arvense, L. 1. c. 628. Sorata, 10,000 ft. (1193 and 1194). Forms not quite identical with any boreal ones. Var. arvensiforme (Wedd.) Rohrb. Linnza, xxxvii. 305. Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1191). Cerastium Soratense, Rohrb. 1. c. 291 (?) Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1192). Specimens with very large sepals, perhaps an undescribed species. Stellaria media (L.) Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 537. Sorata, 8,000 ft. (1190). Stellaria nemorum, L. |. c. 603. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1186) ; Ingenio del Oro, 10,000 ft. (1184); also a form with sessile, thin, not acuminate leaves, perhaps a distinct species, from Yungas. (1185). Arenarta lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. in Mart. Flor. Bras. Cary- phyll. 274. (A. alsinotdes, Willd.) Sorata, 10,000 ft. (1188); Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1187) ; also a form with short leaves and very pubescent stems from Unduavi, 10,000 ft. (1189), and another one from the same place, smoother and forming dense tufts. (1195). Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. in Roem & Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 406, Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1182). Drymaria paucifiora, Barti. in Presl, Rel. Hzenk. ii. 8. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1183). 62 TISSA VILLOSA (Pers.) Spergula villosa, Pers. Syn. i. 522; Spergularia villosa (Pers.) Cambess. in St. Hillaire, Flor. Bras. Merid. ii. 129). Near La Paz. 10,000 ft. (1180); Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1181). PORTULACE#, Portulaca pilosa, L. Sp. Pl. 639. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1445). Talinum patens (L.) Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 864. Yungas, 4,000 ft. 1931). Calandrinia caulescens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. vi. 78. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (2601). HYPERICINEA. Hypericum brevistylum, Chois. Prodr. Hyper. 51. ~ Sorata, 13,000 ft. (1389). Hypericum thestifolium, H. B. K. 1. c. 192. Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1196). Hypericum struthiolefolium, Juss. Ann. Mus. iii. 160. Sorata, 13,000 ft. (1350). A depressed alpine form. Vismia Guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. Ench. ii. 86. Mapiri, 2,500 ft. (1810 and 722). Vismia Cayennensis (L.) Pers 1. c. Guanai, 2,000 ft. (860). Vismia glabra, Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Flor. Per. i. 183. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (720). Vismia tomentosa, Ruiz & Pav. 1.c. Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (719). Apparently this species, but no authentic specimens seen. GUTTIFER&. Clusia insignis, Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. iii. 164. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1242). Thesame as Lechler’s No. 2,204 trom Peru, and from insufficient material is doubtfully referred to this species. Clusia Criuva, Cambess. in St. Hil. Flor. Bras. Merid. i. 245. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1246). Apparently this species, but flow- ers sessile. Clusia latipes, Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. (IV.) xiii. 365. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1809). Havetia laurifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. 204 (?) Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (1771). $ : 4 | 4 63 Tovomita umbellata, Benth. in Mart. Flor. Bras. Guttif. 448. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (1849) Tovomita (?) Same locality, (2621). Chrysochlamys myrcioides, Planch. & Tri. Ann. Sci. Nat. (IV.) xiv. 106. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (2665). Rengifa acuminata, Planch. & Triana, |. c. xiv. 243. Beni River. (2481). Doubtfully referred to this species. Symphonia globulifera, L. f. Suppl. 302. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. 1853). Rheedia Spruceana, Engl. in Mart. Flor. Bras. Guttif. 463. Beni River. (2093). Quiina ; a species collected in fruit, perhaps undescribed. Junction of the Beni and Madre de Dios (2675). No. 2613 collected at the Falls of Madeira, Brazil, is apparently of this order, but the specimens are too imperfect for deter- mination. TERNST! ACE. Caryocar glabrum, Pers. Ench. ii. 84. Junction of the Beni and Madre de Dios. A form or variety with leaves more serrate than usual (861.) Marcgravia rectiflora, Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. (I'V.) xvii. 364. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (2092 and 2612; ) alsoa scrap from Reis, 1,500 ft. (2707.) Marcgravia. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1362.) I brought this from Kew with the name J. peduncularis, Poepp., but am now unable to find this name either among the species recognized by Wittmack in the Brazil Flora nor in his synonymy. It is therefore left for subsequent investigation. Ternstremtia Brasiliensis, Cambess. in St. Hil. Flor. Bras. Merid. i. 298. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (486.) Ternstremia confertifiora, Triana & Planch. in Herb. Kew. Ma- piri, 5,000 ft. (617.) FREZIERA INAZQUILATERA, spec. nova. Caulis rectus, villoso- pubescens ; foliis rigidis, elliptico-lanceolatis, 12-20 cm. longis, 4- 6 cm. latis, subtus densissime fulvo-pubescentibus supra minutissime molliter vel ad maturitatem glabris,margine undique serrulata, apice longe acuminata, basi obtusa, valde ineequilatera; nervi subter prominentes ; petioli rigidi, 1 cm. 64 longi; pedicellis, bracteis, calycibus cum petalisque, fulvo-pub- escentibus ; flores fasciculate, pedunculi 8 mm. longi. Re- lated to & reticulata, H. B. K. Mapiri, 2,500 ft. (2467). Saurauja serrata, DC. Prodr. i. 526. Mapiri 5,000 ft. (481.) Possibly specifically distinct from the Mexican plant, but I can see from these specimens no very obvious differences. Saurauja parvifiora, Triana & Planch. |. c. xviii. 268. ex. de- scriptio. Yungas 6,000 ft. (483.) SAURAUJA RUSBYI, spec. nova. Caulis debilis, angulatus, hispi- dis ; folia obovata, 15-20 cm. longa, 6-8 cm. lata, utrinque hispida, undique aristo- serrata, apices acuti vel acuminati, basi cuneati; paniculis axillaribus, longe et graciliter peduncularibus, multifloris ; floribus 10-15 mm. latis, petalis rotundatis, glabris, calicibus et pedicellis breviter hirsutis ; antherze oblongz, locu- lis apice poro dehiscentibus. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (482.) Saurauja, near S. serrata, perhaps a distinct species. Unduavi, 8,000 ft. (506.) , Laplacea semtserrata, Cambess. in St. Hil. 1. c. i. 300. Yungas, 4,000 ft. (485.) Laplacea Organensis, Planch. in Herb Kew. (Gardner, No. 5680.) Yungas, 6,000 ft. (627.) Laplacea symplocoides, Planch. & Lind. in Ann. Sci. Nat. l. c. 269. Mapiri, 5,000 ft. (484.) MALVACE&. Malvastrum Peruvianum (L.), Gray, in Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 146. Yungas, 6,000 ft. (1463); Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1921). Malvastrum lobulatum, Wedd. Chlor. And, ii. and in Bull Soc. Bot. France, xii. 82. Near La Paz, 12,000 ft. (1373). MALVASTRUM RUSBYI, spec. nova. Frutescens; caulis lignes- cens, 25-30 cm. altus, ramosus; rami juvenales densissime geste, purpurascentes, 2-3 cm. lat.; invollucello speciose stellato-tomentoso. Near La Paz, 10,000 ft. (1780 and 1 781.) Related to I. capitatum, (Cav.). 65 Euphorbiacee Mexicane. By C. F. Mitispaucnu, M.D. The following is an enumeration of the Euphorbiacez collect- ed in the states of Jalisco, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo Leon by Mr. C. G. Pringle in 1888 :— EUPHORBIEZ. Euphorbia umbellulata, Engelm. in litt., var. MAJOR, var. nov., Branches 5 to17 cm. long; leaves 5 to 11 mm. long, 2 to 9mm. wide; stipules triangular, hirsute; cymes 4 to 12 headed; the floral bracts verticillate on the pedicels and similar to the stip- ules; glands orbicular, cup-shaped, stipitate, deep red; capsules hirsute even inage. Dry slopes of the barranca, near Guadala- jara, December I1. (2065). Euphorbia villifera, Scheele, Linnza, xxii. 153. Dry rocky places, Sierra Madre, near Monterey, June 28. (2067). Euphorbia radioloides, Boiss., DC. Prod. Pars xv. p. 45. This plant hasthe same characters as described for Seemann’s No. 1522, but is larger. Dry slopes of the barranca, near Guadala- jara, Dec. 11. (2066 in part). Euphorbia radioloides, vide sup., var. RUBRA, var. nov. This plant is apparently the £. radioloides (? ) of Watson, Contrib. xiv. 449. Plant 15 to 17 cm. high, of a deep red color throughout, villous with spreading hairs; appendages entire; capsules villous upon the keels; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 8 mm. long, I to 144 mm. wide; seeds dark reddish-salmon color. (2066 in part, collected same place and date). Euphorbia Guadalajarana, Watson, Contrib. xiv. Proc. Am. Acad. xxii., 449. Dry slopes of the barranca near Guadalajara, Dec. 11. (2064). The rediscovery of this beautiful species first collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in shaded ravines of the Rio Blanco, is especially interesting, as Mr. Pringle says: ‘I only secured four specimens; it must be very scarce in the region worked by me last fall.” Euphorbia subreniforme, Watson, Contrib. xiii; Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. 439. Moist banks near Guadalajara, Oct. 30. (2063). Previous finding of this species was at the Hacienda San Jose, state of Chihuahua, by Dr. Palmer and Mr. Frayles. 66 EUPHORBIA MONTEREYANA, spec. nov. § 7ithymalopsis. Glabra; radice tenui elongata, caulibus virgatis striatis superned ich- otomis; foliis petiolatis, inferiora sparsa, ovato-lanceolata vel nulla, superiora longa, anguste linearia, acuta, margine integri non revoluta; involucris solitariis in axillis supremis terminalibus _dichotomialibusque, longe pedunculatis, breviter campanulatis, extus glabris ; glandulis 5, transverse ovatis, concavis, viridis, ap- pendice alba ovata integra ; capsula glabra longe-pedicellata; sem- . ina depressa-punctata. ‘ Scattered thinly through cool, shaded, mossy canons on north- ern slope of the Sierra Madre near Monterey, June 15. (2069.) Plant 25 to 35 cm. high, branches 10 to 18 cm. long, lower leaves when present I to 2 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, upper leaves 1% to 8 cm. long, 1 to 5 mm. broad. Euphorbia campestris, Cham. et Schl. Linn. 1830, p. 84, var FOLIOSA, var. nov. Leaves very numerous above, oblanceolate mucronate attenuate at the base, sessile, 3 to 7 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. broad, those at the bifurcation of the rays opposite, ovate, mucronulate, rays of umbel 5, 5% to 6 cm. long, twice to thrice branching, no teeth between the horns of the glands. Wooded slopes of Sierra Madre near Monterey, June 23. (2068). CROTONE. Croton ciliato-glandulosus, Ortega, Plant. rar. hort, matrit., dec. 4, p. 51. River gravel near Monterey, July 7. (1914) Croton monanthogynus, Michx., Flor. Bor. Am. ii. 215; (Gynamblosts monanthogyna, Torr. in Marcey’s Rep. 295). This plant differs from the description in that it has a one-celled capsule splitting into four equal valves, four styles, and only one seed to each capsule. C. monanthogynus is often by abortion one- celled and one-seeded, but the specimens in this collection are constant as described. Fields, valley near Monterey, July 7. | (1913). ACALYPHE. Argyrothamnia serrata, Muell. Arg. lc. 147. (Aphora serrata, Torr. Mex. Bound. Survey, 197.) Sierra Madre near Monterey, June 16. (2075). Acalypha hederacea, Torr. \. c. 200. (Acalypha hederacea, a 67 genuina, Muell, Arg. |. c. 885.) River gravel near Monterey, July 4. (1915). HIPPOMANE&, Stillingia Torreyana, Watson, Bot. Calif. ii, 72. Fields near San Miguel, State of Tamaulipas, July 30. (207 1). Stllingia Zelayensis, Muell. Arg. in Linn. xxxii. 87. ? Dif- fers from the original description in the same features that Wat- son notes (Contrib. xiv. 451) in a specimen gathered by Dr. Edward Palmer on Rio Blanco, Jalisco, 1886. Hills near Monte- rey, June 7. (2070). Aster cordifolius, L. and Two New Varieties, This, the most common and abundant As¢er of our Eastern flora, blooming everywhere profusely during the months of Sep- tember and October, like others of the genus, is subject to great variation. It exhibits, however, three distinct and dominant lines of development, each of which deserves recognition. Ifa characteristic specimen of the first variety named below were placed beside one of the typical form, the intermediate links that connect them being unknown, it would be accepted without hesi- tation as a good species, which, perhaps, it is. Even where found growing together, they are readily distinguished eh the practised eye. Aster cordifolius, L., (typical).—Leaves thin, membranaceous, strongly scabrous-pubescent, serratures mostly large, sharp- pointed and spreading; cauline ones round-cordate to cordate, on naked or barely-margined petioles; uppermost ovate; panicle ample ; heads of flowers very numerous, variable in size, 2 to 3 lines high; rays light blue to deep violet; disk-florets yellowish or purple (as in some other species of the ‘ees, both kinds often in the same head. Aster cordifolius, L., var. LAVIGATUS, new var.—Leaves thickish to coriaceous, pale green, often glaucous beneath, in tex- ture and smoothness like those of A. /evis, but generally supplied with a very sparse, minute, somewhat roughish pubescence, ser- ratures more or less appressed; cauline ones cordate to oblong- 68 cordate, on petioles with broad or narrow winged-margins; up- permost lance-ovate to lanceolate ; panicle open and loose; heads of flowers comparatively few, variable in size, but mostly larger thanin the type; rays light blue. Common in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, as well as west- ward and southward. Aster cordifolius, L.. var. LANCEOLATUS, new var.—Leaves deep green on both sides, thin, smooth, faintly scabrous, serra- tures appressed, sometimes nearly obsolete ; cauline ones lance- ovate to narrowly lanceolate, tapering into a long acumination, the cordate sinus almost or quite filled up; uppermost narrower. In other respects like the preceding. Along Chestnut Hill, Easton, Pa., in the deep shade of woods. Also collected on Staten Island by Dr. N. L. Britton and at White Plains, N. Y., by Miss McCabe. Some of the features in these two varieties might suggest hy- bridization with A. /evis, but the frequent occurrence of the first over so wide an area, and at points where 4. /evis does not ex- ist, forbids the supposition. THos. C. PORTER. On Elastic Stamens in Composite,* In the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1883, I have noted that the filaments of some flowers of the thistle alliance are elastic. The stamens in the united column mature their growth before the pistil becomes fully elon- gated, and which, unable to push through the column, bears it up- on its apex, until the downward pressure is so great that the pis- til bursts through, when the elastic filaments at once draw the anthers down to their proper position on a level with the limb of the corolla. I had supposed that so obvious a behavior in the sta- mens of these plants and those of other Composite, would be matters of record,—but with the exception of what has been written on the irritable filaments (see Sachs’ Text-book, pp. 787- 797) no note seems to have been made. I was pleased to find, on introducing the subject before the combined British and * Read before the Botanical Club of the A. A. A. S. Cleveland Meeting, 1888. - 69 American Associations in Philadelphia in 1884, the whole subject seemed new and interesting to the many distinguished botanists present. I desire now to add that, in the years that have followed, I note that this condition is quite common among Composite. It would be more easy to give a list of species in which it does not exist, than where it does. Heliopszs is, however, one of the best illustrations (4. devis, H. scaber), as the anther-tube is so very long, and the filaments must be drawn out before they contract on the emergence of the pistil, to a length greater than in many other species. At the time I refer to,some of the distinguished botanists present, conceding the renewed interest my observations threw around the subject, were not quite prepared to accept the “ elas- tic” view of the filaments,—the interesting and repeated observa- tions of the botanists cited by Sachs’ seeming to give to irritability alone power to accomplish all the phenomena. I have since made an observation on Helianthus (H. doronicoides) which clear- ly establishes the fact that the anther-column is not pushed up, and again drawn down by irritable action in the filaments, but is simply pushed up by the growth of the pistil, and drawn down by the elastic filaments as soon as the apex of the pistil manages to escape. In this He/éanthus the anthers are but lightly co- herent, and the pistil has an evident tendency to a lateral instead of the usual erect tendency. It breaks through the side of the anther-column, and the anthers themselves mostly get free from _ their usual contact with each other before they have been drawn far above the limb of the floret. In this case there is no attempt at elongation, while there is no reason why there should not be as in the other cases, if irritability in the filaments were the active cause. THOMAS MEEHAN. Additions to the lowa Flora. ’ The following is a list of additions to the Anthophyte flora of Iowa founded upon Dr. J. C. Arthur’s ‘‘ Contributions to the Flora of Iowa.” Lowe many thanks to Dr. Sereno Watson and Dr. Geo. Vasey, for assistance in determining some of the species. 70 Linum rigidum, Pursh. Sioux City. Astragalus lotifiorus, Hook., var. drachypus, Gray. Hamburg, Fremont Co. Petalostemon villosus, Nutt. Ames. Psoralea lanceolata, Pursh. Sioux City. Trifolium agrarium, L. Ames. Poteniilla Anserina, L. Jewell Junction, Hamilton Co. Rosa lucida, Ehrh. Iowa City. Cnicus altissimus, Willd., var. filipendulus, Gray. Sioux City. Coreopsis tinctoria, Nutt. Shenandoah, Page Co. Tragopogon pratensis, L. Towa City. Lysimachia nummularia, L. Towa City. L[pomea pandurata, (L.) Meyer. lowa City. Hyoscyamus niger, L. lowa City. Plantago Patagonica, Jacq., var. aristata (Michx.) Gray. Van Wert, Decatur Co. Atriplex patula, L., var. littoralis (L.) Gray. Iowa City. Cycloloma platyphyllum, Mog. Des Moines. Salsola Kali, L. Sioux City. Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. Sioux City. Behmeria cylindrica (L.) Willd. Iowa City. Heteranthera limosa, Vahl. Hamburg. Tradescantta Virginica, L., var. flexuosa (Riddell) Wats. Iowa City. . Echinodorus rostratus, Engelm. Hamburg. Carex trichocarpa, Muhl., var. aristata (R. Br.), Bailey. Iowa City. Agropyrum glaucum, R&S. Lake Okoboji, Dickinson Co. Agropyrum untlaterale, V. & S. Lake Okoboji. Eragrostis Purshii, Schrad. (So called.) Common. Melica Portert, Scribn. Iowa City. Paspalum setaceum, Michx. Iowa City. Phalaris Canariensis, L. Sioux City. Setarta vertictllata (L.) Beauv. Iowa City. Stipa comata, Trin. Sioux City. Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. Iowa City. Tripsacum dactyloides, L. Van Wert. A. S. HITCHCOCK. STATE UNIVESITY OF Iowa. 71 On a Fossil Marine Diatomaceous Deposit from Atlantic City. N. J. By C. Henry Karn and E. A. Sonvu.rzs. (Plate LX XXIX). In sinking the second artesian well at Atlantic City, N. J., there has recently been discovered a fossil diatomaceous deposit of exceeding interest, not only to the student of diatoms, but to the geologist as well. By comparing the species found in it with those found in the famous deposits of Maryland and Virginia, a striking similarity will be observed. It is not the purpose of the present paper, however, to deal with the general geological re- sults, especially as Mr. Lewis Woolman, the discoverer of the deposit, will make a full report to the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, upon the completion of the well. Mr. Wool- man made a report upon the geological results observed in sink- ing the first well, which was begun in 1886, but, desiring to make a more accurate examination of the character of the successive strata, when the second well was contemplated he made arrange- ments to obtain a complete series ofearth specimens. Ina stratum of clay which was struck at a depth of 387 feet, he discov- ered diatoms, and, at his request, the investigation, of which this is a record, was immediately undertaken with a view of deter- mining the species found. Thus far, the diatoms have been found in a series of six clay beds occurring between the depths of 387 and 638 feet. These beds are separated by layers of sand in which no diatoms occur. The diatoms found in the upper stratum are few in number, gen- erally small in form and much broken. Ata depth of 406 feet the deposit is much richer, and several interesting species not found in the lower strata are fairly plentiful, such as Dimere- gramma Nova Cesarea, Auliscus spinosus,and Rhabdonema At- lanticum. Triceratium semicirculare is particularly abundant at this depth, although it is also found to some extent in the deeper strata. The richest portion of the deposit, however, is at a depth of 550 feet. Here occurs for the first time a very curious new { form, which we have provisionally called Biddulphia Brittoniana, _ although Prof. H. L. Smith is doubtful whether it is not really a new genus. A further examination of other specimens will be 72 necessary to determine its true character. Here also we find the deposit rich in specimens of Biddulphia Tuomeyi, Biddulphia elegans and several species of Rhaphoneis. Not only is the de- posit much richer at this depth, but the forms are also far more robust than in the upper strata. Below 550 feet the diatoms be- come fewer and less interesting, until at a depth of 638 feet only a few of the larger species of Coscinodiscus may be found. After the well had reached a depth of about 800 feet, a severe storm destroyed the apparatus employed in sinking it, but the boring will probably be resumed, and it is intended to make a complete microscopical examination of the remaining strata. The well will probably reach a depth of 1,150 feet, the first well hav- ing been completed at about that depth. In examining the list of species, it will be observed that there are a few fresh water forms. These are not plentiful, but are sufficient to indicate that the deposits were made within the reach of fresh water influences, possibly within or not far from a large estuary. “While, as before stated, the similarity between the spe- cies in this and in the deposits of Maryland and Virginia is re- markable, it is also a curious fact that the characteristic species of the Nottingham, Md. deposit—AHeliopelta Ehrenbergit and Craspedodiscus elegans—are conspicuously absent. The pres- ence of Hydrosera triquetra is also rather interesting, as this is usually supposed to be peculiar to tropical seas. The following is a list of the species thus far observed: Actinocyclus Ehrenbergit, Ralfs. Several varieties. A. interpunctatus, Brightw. Rare. A. Ralfsii, W. Sm. AcTINopISscUS ATLANTICUS, n. sp. Kain and Schultze. Greville, who constituted this genus, described and figured but one species, 4. Barbadensis. He gives the following generic characteristics: ‘‘ Frustules free, disk-shaped; valves granular with a central nucleus, and numerous (15) linear, smooth, rays ex- tending from it to the margin.” In this deposit the specimens differ in the following respects from Greville’s figure. The cen- tral nucleus is much smaller; the rays extend nearer to the cen- tre of the valve and are either four, five or six in number. Near the circumference each ray has a strong rib extending for a short ie distance along its centre, and the spaces between the rays are slightly undulating. Actinoptychus areolatus, Ehrb. A. splendens (Ehrb.), Grun., var. Halionyx, Grun. Several va- rieties. A. undulatus, Ehrb. A. vulgaris, Schumann, var. Virginica, Grun. Several varieties. Amphitetras minuta, Grev. Rare. Asterolampra Marylandica, Ehrb. Rare. Autacodiscus Crux, Ehrb. Two varieties. Auliscus pruinosus, Bailey. A. spinosus, T. Christian. A. Schmidt (Atlas Pl. 125, fig. 2) speaks of this as doubtfully an Az/iscus, and Prof. H. L. Smith considers it rather more closely allied to Glyphodiscus, although he thinks the two genera might with propriety be united. biddulphia aurita (Lyngb.), Breb. B. Baileyt, W. Sm. BIDDULPHIA BRITTONIANA, Kain and Schultze, n. sp. A figure and description of this singular new form will be given ina future paper. — BIDDULPHIA COOKIANA, Kain and Schultze, n. sp. Valve orbicular-lanceolate; two processes at extremities of longitudinal axis; three central spines; elevation at the centre and apices slight; striz moniliform, radiate. (Plate LXXXIX. Fig. 4). We take pleasure in naming this beautiful form after Prof. Geo. H. Cook, State Geologist of New Jersey. B. decipiens, Grun. Rare. B. elegantula, Grev. A careful study of the many varieties of this diatom found in the deposit, and a comparison of them with B. Zuxomeyt, also found in it, make it seem probable that they are only varieties of the same species. B. pulchella, Gray. Rare. B. rhombus (Ehrb.), W. Sm. B. seticulosa, Grun, B. Tuomeyi, Bailey. B. turgida (Ehrb.), W. Sm. 74 BIDDULPHIA WOOLMANII, Kain and Schultze, n. sp. Valve elliptical, with undulating margin caused by from 7 to Io transverse elevations separated by costa, the summits of which are finely punctate, and the marginal inclinations finely striate; processes globular, (Plate LXXXIX. Fig. 3). Cocconema lanceolatum, Ehrb. Rare. Coscinodiscus Argus, Ehrb. C. asteromphalus, Ehrb. C. concavus, Ehrb. C. eccentricus, Ehrb. C. gigas, Ehrb. C. tsoporus, Ehrb. C. Lewitsianus, Grev. Rare. C. lineatus, Ehrb. C. Nottinghamensis, Grun. Rare. C. Oculis Tridis, Ehrb. C. perforatus, Ehrb. C. radiatus, Ehrb. C. rhombicus, Castracane. Rare. C. robustus, Grev. C. Senarius, A. S. C. symmetricus, Grev. Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus, Ehrb. C. coscinodiscus, Ehrb., var. Nankoorensis, Gran: Cymatopleura Solea, W. Sm. Dicladia capreolus, Ehrb. Rare. DIMEREGRAMMA NOV&-CASARAA, Kain and Schultze, n. sp. Valve linear with slight central inflation and acute apices; strie moniliform, marginal ; intermediate free space broad. (Plate LXXXIX, Figs. 1, 1b). D. Nov&-C4SARA, var. OBTUSA, Kain and Schultze, n. var. Valve linear with central inflation and obtuse constricted ex- tremities; striae moniliform, marginal, broad intermediate free space. (Plate LXXXIX. Figs. ra, 1b). D. fulvum (Greg.), Ralfs. Ethmodiscus? sp.? Fragments of a very large disk are common at 550 feet, which probably belong toa species of this new genus constituted by Castracane. CS eee ese eS J : ; ; . 4 : J : ; 75 Eucampia Virginica, Grun. Rare. Eunotia monodon, Ehrb. Two varieties. E. robusta (Ehrb.), Ralfs. Several varieties. Eupodiscus Rogersii, Ehrb. Specimens are found with 3, 4 or 5 processes, but those with three are most frequent. Eupodiscus sp. ? Gontothectum odontella, Ehrb. G. Rogersit, Ehrb. Grammatophora serpentina, Ehrb., var. Rare. Hyalodiscus stelliger, Bailey. (Podosira maculata, W. Sm.) Hydrosera triquetra, Wallich. Mastogonia actinoptychus, Ehrb. Melosira sulcata (Ehrb ), Kutz. Navicula crabro, Ehrb. NV. didyma, Ehbrb. N. elliptica, Kutz. NV. entomon, Ehrb. NV. forcipata, Grev. N. gracilis (Ehrb.), Kutz. N. Hennedyi, W. Sm. NV. major, Kutz. Rare. LV. permagna, Bailey. XV. pretexta, Ehrb. NAVICULA SCHULTZEI, Kain, n. sp. Valve broadly elliptical; intermediate free space expanded around the central nodule; stria coarsely moniliform, convergent opposite the central nodule and radiate towards the apices. (Plate LXXXIX. Fig. 2). NV. viridis, Kutz. Rare. Pleurosigma Virginiacum, Peticolas. Pleurosigma sp.? Fragments of a very large Pleurosigma, allied to P. angulatum are occasionally found. Pseud-auliscus radiatus, Bailey. Pyxidicula cruciata, Ehrb. RHABDONEMA ATLANTICUM, Kain and Schultze, n. sp. Valve narrow, linear elliptic; frustule with two median and two marginal septe, the former more curved and conspicuous | 76 than the latter; striz transverse, fine. (Plate LXXXIX. Figs. 7, 7a). Rhaphonets amphiceros, Erb. R. Belgica, Grun. R. fluminensis, Grun. R. scalaris, Ehrb. The deposit is particularly rich in specimens of Rhaphoneis, and these present such variations of structure as to suggest the advisability of decreasing the number of species usually consid- ered as belonging to the genus. Rhizosolenia Americana, Ehtrb. R. styliformis, Brightw. Sceptroneis Caduceus, Ehrb. Stephanogonta actinoptychus, Ehrb. S. polygona, Ehrb. rig Paine ate eS Ehrb. S. ferox (Grev.), R S. corona (Ehr.), ae S. limbata, Ehrb. Rare. S. Turris (Grev.), Ralfs. Surirella Febigerit, Lewis. Terpsine sp. ? Triceratium Americanum, Ralfs. . condecorum, Brightw 7 Fascherit, A. S. TRICERATIUM KAINU, Schultze, n. sp. Valve triangular with concave margins; striation moniliform, convergent towards the centre and intercepted by three coste equidistant between the rounded angles and the unstriated cen- ‘tre. (Plate LXXXIX. Fig 5). I. pe i deaiag ener, Brightw. T. obtusum, ee T. robustum a inbteulore Seley: a Euodia Brightwellii, Ralfs). (Plate LXXXIX. Figs. 6, 6 T. spinosum, Bailey. T. Solenoceros, Ehrb. Rare. 7. tessellatum, Grev. ZT. undulatum, Ehrb. In a future paper it is proposed to figure and describe several other new species peculiar to the deposit. 77 The Ideal Ovary, The typical flower was held, not so very long ago, to have four successive alternating whorls, of sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. In the Structural Botany (1879, p. 177) Gray cautiously concludes that the ‘typical flower in nature has two series of sta- mens, as it has two series in the perianth.” For some years past I have also believed in two whorls of carpels as essential to the true conception of the typical flower, but have hesitated to ad- vance this view lest it should be deemed too theoretical. Now I am gratified to find, in the Origin of Floral Structures (1888, p. 4), Prof. Henslow’s typical flower represented as having “two whorls of carpels forming the gyncecium.” Moreover, that shrewd botanical thinker, Robert Brown, is cited as having come to the same conclusion. Brown’s reasons are not given. Prof. Henslow seems to have been mainly influenced by observing that the carpels are sometimes anteposed to the sepals and sometimes to the petals, an incongruity most easily explained by assuming two whorls, of which either one may be suppressed. I reached a like conclusion by quite another road, namely, by observation of the structure of the common orange. Excluding the external rind altogether this fruit presents a series of complete closed, thin- walled carpels, readily susceptible of septicidal separation. The rind appears wholly extraneous and accessory to these, and it oc- cured to me that the structure could be most plausibly and perfectly explained by assuming an outer whorl of barren carpels, united by their edges in the fashion of a polycarpellary one-cell- ed ovary, and degraded to form a mere envelope for the normal seminiferous carpels within. Under this view these outer carpels are Closely analogous to staminodia, being sexual organs in origin and position but stripped of their normal function. Apropos of the orange I may add here the observation that the stalked, elon- gated, juice-filled cells of the pulp, springing from the inner surface of the carpellary leaf, are true trichomes in structure and position, and therefore, when we revel in the fruit of Citrus Aurantium, we are, morphologically speaking, simply eating hairs ! E. E. STERNS. 78 Botanical Notes, A Proposed Flora of Mt. Desert. For some years past an Annotated Catalogue of the Plants of Mt. Desert Island, Maine, has been in active preparation by a number of botanists interested in the flora of the island. As Mt. Desert is in many ways a central and representative station for the Maine coast, it is believed that the publication of such a catalogue will be of both botanical and general interest. The undertaking is made especially difh- cult, however, by many unfavorable circumstances,—such as the lack of resident botanists, and the impracticability of carrying on work except in the summer months. It is evident therefore that much dependence must be placed on the assistance of all botan- ists who at any time may chance to visit the island. Communi- cations from any such observers, any lists of species seen or col- lected by them, and any facts of interest regarding the flora may be sent to, and willbe gratefully received by Edward L. Rand, © 27 State St., Boston, Mass., or John H. Redfield, 216 West Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. Professor R. A. Philippi, the distinguished Chilian naturalist, has completed his eightieth year, his birthday on September 14th having been appropriately celebrated in Santiago. From a somewhat extended account of his life and labors which ap- peared inthe “Centralblatt” of December 31st, we learn that he is of purely German descent, and was born in Charlottenburg in 1808. His doctorate was bestowed by the Friedrich Wilhelms University in 1830. Soon afterwards he visited Italy, and spent considerable time at intervals in Sicily, where he wrote a work on the Flora of Mt. Etna. For some years he was a teacher of Botany and Zoology in Cassel. For political reasons he went to Chili about 1851, was instrumental in founding the Lyceum at Valdivia in 1853, and has since been associated with all Chilian scientific matters. Since 1874 he has been director of the San- tiago Museum, and is by far the most learned naturalist in South America. His son, Fred. Philippi, is Professor in the Uni- versity, and Director of the Botanical Garden at Santiago. 79 The Ill and IV Decades of American Hepatice have been recently received and among them the following are specially desirable: Aneura latifrons, Pellia endiviefolia, Radula spicata, Porella Bolanderi and Diplophyllum albicans. The accompany- ing circular also announces that but one set remains of decades [and II. Prof. Underwood and Mr. Cook are to be congratu- lated on having supplied such desirable exsiccate. G. B Raspberry and Blackberry. 1n vol. xxxiv. No. 890 of ‘“ The Garden,” C. H. Engleheart contributes a note in regard to a hy- brid between the raspberry and blackberry, growing wild near Lynton, North Devon. The fruit is described as long, mulberry colored, and with ataste intermediate between that of the two parents. Reviews of Foreign Literature. At a recent meeting of the Botanical Society in Munich, Prot. Hartig gave the results of some experiments on the red beech, in reference to the influence of seed production on the increase in growth and the reserve material of the tree. According to these results, he believes the present accepted theory in regard to the use made by the tree of its reserve-stores is entirely in- correct. This theory, briefly stated, is as follows: A large part of the carbohydrates stored away as starch grains in the outer annual wood layers is used every year as material in forming the new leaves, stems, and annual wood and phloem rings. Prof. Hartig claims to have proven that in case of the red beech only a small portion of the yearly increase of the tree is due to the reserve material, but by far the larger part to the products of as- similation of the same year. Certain experiments showed that the entire reserve material of carbohydrates in trees of fifty years of age was sufficient to furnish only about five per cent. of the yearly increase of the trees. Other experiments tried on trees of one hundred and one hundred and fifty years, just before a seed-bearing summer, proved them to contain twenty per cent. of the yearly increase. This was proven by taking off the whole number of branches so that during the entire summer not a single leaf was present to manufacture new carbohydrates, and so the tree was obliged to 80 use its reserve material for the annual ring. In the fall the trees were examined, and the above results as to increase in growth were obtained, also the fact, that while nearly every vestige of starch had been used up by the cambium layer, the amount of nitrogenous matter in the woody tissues was not less than that of normally growing trees. Prof. Hartig suggests the following explanation of these facts: In normally acting trees, the cambium possesses only a slight power of dissolving and attracting to itself the reserve material within the tree, its need of nourishing matter being satisfied by the supply brought to it by the inner sieve tubes of the rind. When this supply is no longer furnished, as in case of the trees deprived of their smaller branches, the hungry cambium possesses a strong power of attraction, by which it is enabled to draw out the entire store of reserve material. Now, as it is quite evident the extra amount of reserve material is not designed for pathologi- cal purposes, it suggested itself to him that it was for the purpose of producing a large supply of seeds, and that the periodical re- currence of seed and not seed years was due to the respective amounts of reserve stores in the tree. A number of interesting experiments are given by which this assumption was fully cor- roborated. Our space does not allow the citation of these, but the reader is referred to the article itself, in the Botanisches Cen- tralblatt, Vol. 36, No. 13, 1888. It must be mentioned, how- ever, that in conclusion, Prof. Hartig admits the desirability of similar tests being applied to other trees before making the state- ment too general, yet he says it is not probable that the red beech would prove an exception as to its use of reserve material. i as ag Hlymenoconidium petasatum is the name of a new and remark- able fungus, discovered by Hugo Zukal of Vienna, and described by him in a late number of the Botanische Zeitung.* Some olive branches with half-grown fruit had been sent him from Fiume, with the question as to the cause of the diseased condition of the tree from which the branches were taken. On the fruit appeared separate spots of a wrinkled, discolored appearance, and between *January 25, 1889. 81 the wrinkles rose little projections no larger than a pin-head. The same were found on the leaves, more frequently on the under than the upper side. On examination, these were found to be little cushions of mycelium threads immediately under the epi- dermal layer. These threads were thin-walled, septate, and filled with minute oil drops; from this cushion extended little rhizoid projections into the spaces between the parenchyma of the host which sent haustoria into these cells. The protoplasm of these cells was contracted and discolored, and the cell showed other appearances of injury. In all respects the fungus and its effects on the host appeared like that of some of the family of the Uredinez. In order to discover what the further development might be, the end of the branch was fresh cut and placed in water under a bell jar. Not until after six weeks, and when certain portions of the olive fruit had decayed, was any change perceptible. Then the fun- gus began a further development, the mycelium threads lying next the epidermis sent up numerous little tubes parallel with each other and at right angles to the hyphe branches, thus form- ing a sort of hymenial layer. These tubes, at first slender, after- ward swelled out into oval shaped bodies. The epidermis was soon broken, leaving these exposed to the outside air. Soon after this stage, a cross wall formed in many of these tubes, cut off the swollen part, which after a short time developed into a pear-shaped spore, was provided with a roughened outer coat and finally sep- arated itself from the rest of the plant. The remaining tubes appeared like ordinary paraphyses growing up thickly about the spores and projecting above them. But the most remarkable part of the development is yet to come. Just after the hymenial layer originates and the spore tubes begin to assume their characteristic form, the whole myce- lium cushion begins to undergo a rapid series of changes, by which it is transformed into a bundle of densely wound hyphe. That portion of these directly under the central part of the hymenial layer send out branches downward which, growing rapidly at right angles to the surface, interweaving with each other and growing together, form the beginning of a stem whose growth is arrested at this stage, till the hymenial layer is well organized 82 and the spores started. Then the stem grows up rapidly to the height of from one to four centimeters, bearing with it at its sum- mit the whole of the rest of the fungus, now developed into the hat or umbrella shape which marks so large a class of the Hy- menomycetes. A number of glandular hairs have developed meanwhile on the under side of the hat, which secrete a fluid collecting about its base in a large clear drop. The fungus is exceedingly sensitive to light, being positively heliotropic. The building of the stem sometimes fails, either partially or entirely, but even in the latter case the spores ripen quite normally. The hymenium then is very similar to the stylospore clusters of the Uredinez. Finally the author remarks that he has been unable, as yet, to bring the spores to germination. It is therefore impossible to say whether these may be considered the highest fruit-form of a distinct and independent fungus, or simply conidial forms whose farther development would result in some (yet unknown) higher form. He inclines to the first opinion and thinks the fungus is one of the Hymenomycetes of an extremely simple structure, whose basidia bearing tubes have not reached their full development. — An article by G. Haberland, in Flora, on the chlorophyll bodies of the Selaginellee gives several new points in relation to these bodies, particularly in regard to their form and external appear- ance. In the assimilating cells of many species there is only a single chlorophyll body, described as tray or trough-shaped, (muldenforming) which corresponds perfectly with the chloroplas- tids of higher plants. Near the base of the leaf the cell contains one chlorophyll grain of a very irregular shape, or in some cases there are several quite unlike in form. In the parenchymatic cells of the rind of the stem were found numerous spindle-shaped chloroplastids which were bound to each other by fine, colorless protoplasmic threads so there wasa continuous chain of these bodies in each cell. Some of these were changed into Leuco- plastids, distinguished from the former by being smaller and color- less. In reference to the origin of the chlorophyll body, he says it occurs in the meristem of the apical region. Owing to the position of the chloroplastids with reference to the cell nucleus, 83 he draws the conclusion that the latter plays an important part in the formation of starch. Be ae Ae Bettrige zur Kenntniss der Cyperaceen. Heft I., Cyperacee nove. ©. Boeckeler, (pamphlet, pp. 53. Varel-an-der-Jade, 1888.) Descriptions of 110 species of Cyperacez are given in this latest contribution by Herr Boeckeler. They are divided among the genera as follows: Kyllingia 1; Cyperus 24; Heleocharts 14; Scirpus 5; Futrena 1; Liphocarpha 2; Hypolytrum 4; Rhynchospora 16; Leptolepis, a new genus, 1; Cryptangium 2; Scleria 11; Homalostachys, new genus, 1; Trilepis 1; Kobresta 3; Carex 24. None of them are North American, but several are from the West Indies, Colombia and Argentina. Zur Kenntniss der ies Scirpus. Dr. Ed. Palla. (Engler’s Bot. Jahrb., x., 293-30 Herr Palla odblahie ie results of observations on the ar- rangement of fibro-vascular bundles in the stem of numerous species of genera in the tribe Scirpez, as affording characters for classification. As of interest to American botanists, a few of his conclusions may here be given The genus Dichostylis of Beau- vois is revived, and in it are placed certain species which have been described as Cyperus, Scirpus and Fimbristylis, including our Cyperus Baldwinii, C. aristatus and Fimbristylis congesta— rather diverse elements, we should say, TZrichophorum, Pers., is brought into use for Eriophorum alpinum and Scirpus cespitosus, Scirpus, L., is retained for S. sylvaticus, S. atrovirens and Erio- phorum cyperinum, and the author thinks that S. maritimus and S. fluviatilis may also belong there; Blysmus, Panzer, is kept up asa genus. Schenoplectus, Reich., includes Scirpus Olney, S. Tatora, S. lacustris, S. pungens, S. mucronatus and S. supinus. Eleocharis, R. Br., is accepted very much as we know it. Jso- lepis, R. Br., includes Scirpus carinatus and Websteria fluttans. NM LOB. 84 Index to Recent American Botanical Literature. Adiantum pedatum (Garden, xxxv. 105, illustrated.) Botanic Garden in New Vork—Proposed Public. (Med. Rec. XXXvV. 129, 130.) An appeal for the project from a medical standpoint. . Botanical Garden—The New York.—H. H. Rusby. (Pharm. Rec. ix. 41.) The importance of a botanical garden for the pharmacist is specially urged. Botany in the University of Pennsylvania. (Bot. Gazette, xiv. 1-5; five plates.) Botany of the United States Expedition to Lady Franklin Bay, Grinnell Land.—A. W. Greely. (International Polar Exp., Report of Proceedings, vol. ii. pp. 11-18. Washington, 1888.) An enumeration of the species collected, with notes on habitat and distribution. The determinations of the flowering plants were made chiefly by Drs. Gray and Watson, and the Mosses and Lichens named by Rev. E. Lehnert. 69 flowering plants and ferns, 63 Bryophytes and 7 Lichens compose the list. Puccinia Cheivanthi, ENis and Everhart, a new fungus, is de- scribed in a foot note. It was collected on leaves of Cheivanthus Lygmeus. Brickellia Knappiana.—E\mer C. Drew. (Pittonia, i. 260.) A new species from near the Mohave River, California. Brownea macrophylla.—J. D. Hooker. (Bot. Mag. Tab. 7033.) Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural fitstory of the State University of lowa, 1. (Pamphlet, pp. 96, Iowa City, 1888.) This first number of a new publication contains the com- mencement of a proposed series of papers on the Saprophytic Fungi of Eastern Iowa, by Prof. T. H. McBride, describing - twenty-four species of Agaricus; a paper on the Peronospore of Iowa by Professors McBride and Hitchcock, and miscellaneous notes. Ceanothus, L., with an enumerated List and Notes and Descrip- tions of several Pacific Coast Species.—C. C. Parry. (Proc. 85 Davenport Acad. Sci. v. 162-174; advance sheets issued Feb. 9, 1889.) Dr. Parry goes over the ground recently exploited by Professor Trelease, and finds some things in which to differ from that author, the most important of which, from the standpoint of sys- tematic arrangement, is the reference of C. Pa/mert, Trel. and C. parvifolius, Trel. back to C. integerrimus, H. & A. As Profes- sor Greene has suggested (Pittonia, i. 246), more species exist than those characterized by Prof. Trelease, and Dr. Parry sup- plies some, at least, of the omissions by describing C. ézéricatus, C. Andersoni, C. divergens and C. foliosus as new. His general observations on the morphology and habits of the species are in- teresting and valuable, special attention being given to the fact noted by Prof. Greene, (1. c. 247), that most of the West Coast species flower from the old wood and not from that of the season. Cereus Pringlei.—C. S. Sargent. (Garden and Forest, ii. 64, Fig. 92.) Chorizanthe, R. Br.—Review of certain Species heretofore im- properly characterized or wrongly referred, with two new Spectes.—-C. C. Parry. (Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci. v. 174- 176, advance sheets issued Feb. 9.) C. robusta, C. Douglasit, Parry, not Benth.), and C. Andersoni are described. Coffee Tree—The Kentucky.—C. S. Sargent. (Garden and For- est ii. 75, 76, fig. 94.) An interesting account of Gymmuocladus, with a good illus- tration of the individual tree at Fishkill-on-Hudson, on the old Verplanck estate. We note, with satisfaction, that Professor Sar- gent accepts the old name dzozca given to the tree by Linnzus, and rejects the later one of Canadensis by Lamarck. In cata- logues and manuals the binomial should stand, Gymnocladus diot- cus (L.), Koch. Contributions to American ‘Botany.—XVI.—Sereno Watson. (Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., xxiv. 37-87.) This includes the enumeration of Dr. Palmer’s Mexican col- lection of 1887, made about Guaymas, at Muleje and Los Angeles in Lower California, and on the Island of San Pedro Martin in 86 the Gulf of California. 415 native species are contained in the collection, and of these 89, or more than one-fifth, are described as new; two species are added to Horsfordia, two to Prosopis, Malperia and Pelucha are new Composite genera and Pattalias is a new genus of Asclepiadeew; there are four new species and a variety of Boerhaavia, three of Ficus and a palm—Washingtonia Sonore—tfound in secluded canons in the mountains about Guay- mas; Professor Eaton determined the ferns and Dr. Vasey the Graminez. The following new species of plants are also de- scribed :—Szlene Bernardina, Evigeron sanctarum, Beria Par- tshit, Bahia Palmeri, Collinsia Wrightit, Mimulus deflexus, Erwgonum Esmeraldense, E. gracilipes, Allium hyalinum, Cur. and Nemastylis Pringlei; all but the last from California and Ne- vada. Dr. Watson contends for two East American species of Sisyrinchium, S. angustifolium, Mill. (S. mucronatum, Michx.), and S. anceps, Cav. Cork-wings on certain Trees—Development of IV-V.—Emily L. Gregory. (Bot. Gazette, xiv. 5-10, 37-44.) Epiphegus Virginiana, Bart.—C. F. Millspaugh, M. D. (Hom- ceopathic Recorder, iv. 10.) With plate, and an account of uses in homceopathic practice. Forests and Woodlands of New Fersey, I. IlIl.—J. B. Harrison. (Garden and Forest, ii. 45, 46-57.) A continuation of the preceding interesting excerpt from the advance sheets of the report of the New Jersey Geological Sur- vey. The author makes the guarded statement, in regard to Schizea pusilla in the Pine Barrens, that he believes it is found nowhere else in the world ! Forests of the Rocky Mountains. (Garden and Forest, ii. 69.) Flora of Montebello, Quebec, Estate of the Hon. Mr. Papineau— Notes on the-—Henry R. Ami. (Can. Rec. of Science. iii. 315-318; also reprinted.) A list of seventy-six species and varieties of plants, found growing independent of cultivation on the estate of Mr. L. P. Papineau and in the adjoining village of Montebello. Fossil Plants—Recent determinations of, from Kentucky, Louis- tana, Oregon, California, Alaska, Greenland, etc., with de- 87 scriptions of new Species.—Leo Lesquereux. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xi. 11-38, plates iv-xvi.) Fossil Plants—Specimens of, collected at Golden, Colorado, 1883, for the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Cambridge, Mass., examined and determined by Leo Lesquereux. (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass., Dec., 1888.) Twenty-eight new species are described in the total enumer- ation of 117. The genus Ficws, is, as usual, well represented— twelve species being placed in this genus, three of which are described as new. King Devil (Hieracium prealtum).—Lester F. Ward. (Bot. Gaz. Xiv. 10-17). llex Amelanchier.—C. S. Sargent. (Garden and Forest, ti. 40, Fig. 88). Lichenes Spegazziniani in Staten Island, Fuegia et in regione Freti Magellanici lecti.—J. Mueller. (Nuevo Giornale Bot. Ital. xxi. 35-54). An enumeration of the Lichens collected by Dr. Spegazzini during 1882 in the southern portions of South America. Twenty new species are described in the genera Parmeliella, Lecanora, Pertusaria, Lectdea, Patellaria, Buellia, Byssocaulon, Leptotrema Arthronia, Agyrium and Arthopyrenia. With reference to the paper it may not be considered as entirely out of place for us to remark that while we have in it a study of the Lichen flora of the Staten Island at the other end of the world, no work has ever been done on the Lichens of the Staten Island which lies at the mouth of the Hudson! Michigan Forrestry Commission—First Report of the Directors. . J. Beal and Chas. W. Garfield. (Pamph. O, pp. 92, Lansing, 1888). Professor Beal contributes chapters of this report on “ The succession of Forests in Michigan,” “ List of Trees and Shrubs belonging to Michigan,” and others of practical importance. Physiological Botany.—Principles of, as applied to Horticulture and Forrestry—IV. V. VI. VII. Geo. L. Goodale. (Garden and Forest, ii. 44, 45-66, 68, 69, 80, 81), 88 Phosphorescent Mushroom (Agaricus illudens).—Geo. F. Atkin- son. (Bot. Gaz. xiv. 19). Pinus Sabiniana. (Gard. Chron. v. 45, fig. 6. A representation of the tree in Kew Gardens. Pollen of the Moon Flower (Ipomea Bona-nox) and of some of tts Allies. Alfred C. Stokes. (The Microscope, ix. 33-43, Plate 2). Potamogeton perfoliatus, L., var. Richardsonii.—Arthur Bennett. Journ. Bot. xxvii. 25). Mr. Bennett notes that the name var. /anceolatus, Robbins, the common East American form of this species is antedated by var. /anceolatus, Blytt, a Scandinavian form, and- proposes the above name for our plant. Rosa humilis, var. triloba. S. Watson. (Garden and Forest, ii. 76, fig. 93). A form of this variable species is figured and described, hav- ing three-lobed petals, and on this sport of a single specimen a variety is founded. Specimens of this and other species of Rosa are frequently found with the petals bi-lobed, and the tendency to double is common. Under the circumstances it hardly seems necessary or advisable to give varietal rank to what is evi- dently only an individual sport. Thallophyte.—Notes on a New Ochraceous—Alexis A. Julien. (Journ. N. Y. Mic. Soc. v. 31-34). A preliminary description of a supposed new genus, from Mommouth Co., N. J., and Sullivan Co., N. Y., apparently allied to Leptothrix or Crenothrix. Vernonia in the United States—Distribution of. Joseph F. James. (Reprinted from the Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1889). The fifteen species and varieties credited to the United States are divided into two sections, under the author’s arrangement,— those having linear and those having lanceolate leaves. The first of these is almost exclusively Western, and probably arrived by way of Mexico, spreading northward as far as Nebraska. The second group is claimed to havea general Eastern distribution, hav- 89 ing probably come into its present habitat through the West Indies and Florida, extending northward through the Eastern States as far as Vermont. This theory of distribution seems to be strength- ened by the fact that the species of each section are, in general, allied forms. The direction of the prevailing winds, at the sea- son when the seeds are ripe, would also tend to assist in the dis- tribution along the lines mentioned. White Huckleberries.—W. G. Farlow. (Garden and Forest, ii. 50, 51). As a contribution to recent notes on this subject the author mentions finding Vaccinium Canadense with flesh-colored fruit at Shelburne, N. H., and also calls attention to the fact that white fruited huckleberries have attracted some attention in Germany, where the loss of color has been shown to be due to the growth of certain species of fungi of the genus Sclerotinia. Proceedings of the Club. The regular monthly meeting was held Tuesday evening, Feb- ruary 12, 1889, the President in the Chair and 42 persons pres- ent. Dr. Northrop showed specimens of Symplocarpus fetidus in flower, and Mr. Ogden reported Vinca minor in bloom in West chester County, on January 13, evidences of the mild winter. The paper of the evening was by Prof. Schrenk, on the ‘“Ploral Structure of Chrysanthemum cineraritfolium, and other species of Insect Flowers.” He introduced his notes by remarks on the increasing importance of the study of Vegetable Histol- ogy, which in its practical bearings might be called “ Applied Vegetable Anatomy.” As the most important diagnostic char- acter of C. cinerariifolium, overlooked by former observers, he mentioned and described the peculiar horizontal trichomes on the involucral scales. He spoke of sclerenchyma forming a large portion of the scales, the collenchyma in the stems and the sto- mata on the ligulate corollas. Some differences between these true “insect flowers” and adulterants were pointed out. Mr. Sterns, Chairman of the Botanic Garden Committee, re- ported that the Commissioners of Public Parks had passed a reso- 90 lution expressing their opinion that land should be set aside in one of the new parks for the purposes of a Botanic Garden if at any time within two years a sufficient sum could be raised as an endowment fund. One million dollars had been considered the minimum sum necessary for this purpose. The Committee had. decided to attempt to raise this money by a popular subscription. Dr. Britton exhibited a new species of Senecio, collected by Rev. Dr. Chas. H. Hall in the Yellowstone National Park, which he proposed to describe as S. Hadldzz. A paper by Prof. L. H. Bailey on “Studies of Types of va- rious Species of the Genus Carex,” accepted for publication in the MEMOIRS, was read by title. The adjourned meeting was held on Wednesday evening, February 27, the President in the Chair and 11 persons present. Mr. Hollick read the announced paper of the evening on “Recent Additions to the Flora of Richmond County.” This communication adds 36 to the published lists of Staten Island plants, which now include 1,287 species and varieties. Mr. E. S. Miller exhibited several species of the smaller Cac- tacee of Texas and Mexico, a large number of which he is now successfully cultivating, together with a number of other green- house plants from Floral Park, New York. He also stated that he had been informed on good authority that Mlagnolia glauca, grew not many years ago in the swamps near New Utrecht Long Island, and suggested that members botanizing in that dis- trict the coming spring should look closely for it. Dr. Britton showed specimens of Pinus inops sent from May’s Landing, New Jersey, by Mr. J. C. Gifford and Dr. Peters, and also specimens from the same locality of what appears to be a two-leaved form of the Pitch Pine, Pixus rigida. He stated that Dr. Peters reports that this latter form is abundant in certain lo- calities, and very distinct in general appearance from either P. inops or the common P. rigida. The cone is, however, quite that of certain forms of P. rigida. Further observations are necessary to determine the real status of the trees in question. BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. Vol. XVI] New York, April 8, 1889. [No. 4. Contributions to the Bryology of Canada. By JoHN MaAcoun, A catalogue of the whole flora of the Dominion of Canada, by the writer has, for five years, been in course of publication by the Geological and National History Survey, and has now extended to Part IV., which includes the Endogens. The next part of the Catalogue (Part V.) will include the ferns and their allies, mosses, liverworts, and the Characez. In connection with the preparation of this part of the catalogue, I enlisted the ser- vices of N. Conrad Kindberg, Ph.D., Linkoping, Sweden, who has examined the greater part of our mosses, and discovered a number of species new to science, and many others new to North America. At the same time I am issuing Centuries of Canadian mosses for the purpose of eliciting criticism, so that when the work is done it may be as near correct as possible. The following descriptions of species are from the pen of Dr, Kindberg. The species were all detected by the writer, besides many others which will be published later. DICRANELLA PARVULA, Kindberg, n. sp. Allied to D. varia. Plants very short, densely czspitose in small tufts, dark green. Leaves crenulate all around, sub-ovate ; cells short, oblong-quadrate, the basal linear; costa very thick and brown, excurrent, denticulate above forming at least half of the acumen. Perichetial leaves denticulate above. Capsule obo- vate, sub-erect or inclined without a neck, not striate; beak very Short and thick; annulus scarcely loosed; teeth orange, pale at 4pex, partite, without basilar membrane, not papilose; pedicel Pale red-yellow ; I cm. long or shorter, straight or curved only at apex. Dicecious. On earth in the valley of Six Mile Creek, Selkirk Mountains, and at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. Collected July, 1885, by John Macoun. 92 DICRANUM SCOPARIUM, (L.), Hedw. var. SCOPARIFORME, Kindb, n. var. Intermediate between WD. scoparium and D. fuscescens. Dicecious. Leaves greenish-yellow, flexuous, lanceolate, subu- late with a short and flat subula; margins nearly flat or slightly incurved, densely and sharply serrate to one-third; cell-walls not interrupted by pores; upper cells oblong- oval, lower not much narrower, inner basal light brown; costa thick, percurrent with two serrate ridges at the back in the upper part. Capsule curved, not striate; pedical red, short. Described from specimens gathered at bottom of cajion be- low the bridge over Elk River, Rocky Mountains, by Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1883. Since found to be quite common in Canada east of the Great Lakes. DICRANUM LEIONEURON, Kindberg, n. sp. Stem tall, sparingly radiculose. Leaves pale-yellow, glossy, sub-erect subplane, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly short-subulate, subentire or with few teeth at apex; cells not porose, narrow €X- cept the basilar; alar cells brown; the median basal cells hya- line; costa smooth, very narrow. Barren. In damp woods on McNab’s Island near Halifax, Nova Scotia. June 19, 1883. John Macoun, collector. DICRANUM STENODICTYON, Kindberg, n. sp. Allied to Dicranum scoparium. Dicecious. Tufts very dense, blackish-brown, only the top leaves straw-yellow; 1-3 cm. hi Leaves flexuous, not undulate or crispate, short ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate and blunt; margins flat ubove the middle, densely serrate above, more or less denticulate below; cell- walls not porose; upper cells oblong, lower sublinear ; alar hyaline, faintly ane costa narrow, not percurrent, simply dentate at back. Bar The pare fe the plant resembles Hypuum sarmentosum. In damp woods, Nova Scotia, Anticosti Island, and in the neighbor- hood of Ottawa, Ont. Collected first in June, 1883, by John Macoun. BARBULA MEGALOCARPA, Kindberg, n. sp. Differs from B. ruralis in the capsule being very much longer, and cylindrical, at least twice the length of the conic operculum, the peristome shorter than the tubulose base, the middle leaves more distant, the upper not emarginate ae rounded at the apex, rather acute; the hair point is red at the 93 Not rare on rocks amongst other mosses in oak woods near Victoria, Vancouver Island. Collected in May 1875, and named B. ruralis var. gigantea by Austin. No mention of this form is made by Lesquereux and James. The specimens upon which the species is founded were collected April 21, 1887, by John Macoun. GRIMMIA ARCUATIFOLIA, Kindberg. Loosely tufted; tufts blackish, dark green above. Stems 5 cm. long; denudate at base. Lower leaves small, upper long and not crisped ; hooked-recurved when moist, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate and acute, reflexed at least at one border with a short denticulate hair-point ; the most basal cells pellucid, long and narrow, the upper basal cells sinuous, the marginal uniseriate and hyaline or not distinct; other cells chlorophyllous, quadrate and not sinuous; costa percurrent canaliculate, pellucid in the middle. Probably allied to the European Grimmia elatior, Bryol. Eu., but this species has also the upper cells sinuous. Abundant on dry rocks at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Van- couver Island. April 21, 1887. John Macoun. RACOMITRIUM MACOUNII, Kindberg, n. sp. Plants fastigiately branching; innovations without lateral fasciculate branchlets. Tufts loosely cespitose, naked at base, brown, with green tips. Stems 5-7 cm. long, sparingly branch- ing at the tips. Leaves loose, crispate when dry, patent or squa- rose when moist, ovate-lanceolate, acute, muticous, smooth and or suberect and contorquate. In large masses, on huge boulders between Cathedral Moun- tains and Mount Stephens near Field, Rocky Mountains; also on rocks near the Glacier Hotel, Selkirk Mountains, B. C. Collected August, 1885, by John Macoun. Scouleria aquatica, Hook. (Grimmia Scouleri C. Miill. Lesq. & James Manual.) This genus (Scouleria) is more nearly allied to Cinclidotus than to Grimmia. The plant occurs in two forms, possibly proper species, my specimens are not fruiting. (4) wirescens. Kindb. 94 Leaves dark green when dry, flaccid, oval-oblong, broader at the middle. On the rocks in Glacier Creck, above the railway bridge at the Glacier Hotel, Selkirk Mountains, B. C. 1885. (P) nigrescens. Kindb. Leaves blackish green when dry, rigid ovate-oblong, broader below the middle. On rocks in the bed of Nanaimo River, be- low the railway bridge, Vancouver Island. Collected 1887. MERCEYA LATIFOLIA, Kindberg. n. sp. Densely caspitose. Plants 1-2 cm. high, brown ferruginous- below, green at the tips, divided, at the base radiculose. Leaves quite smooth, spathulate-lingulate, obtusate or sub-acute; entire, slightly reflexed at base, plane above, broad- bordered with greater, orange-colored cells: basal cells narrow, upper small and round costa percurrent, or scarcely excurrent. Habit of Bar- bulba ruralis. The systematic position of this genus is not quite definite. Prof. Boulay unites it to the Weissieze; Schimper considered it allied to Encalypta; we suppose that it is more nearly related to Barbula. The allied European Scopelophila ligulata, Spruce, (Merceya ligulata, Sch.) differs in the leaves, smaller, narrow and rounded above, and the abbreviated costa; the capsule is gymnostomous. Collected on the upper slopes of ‘Mount Finlayson, near Goldstream, Vancouver Island, May 18th, 1887, by John Macoun. PHYSCOMITRIUM MEGALOCARPUM, Kindberg, n. sp. (Gym- nostomum megalocarpum, Kindb. Mss.) Nearly allied to Physcomitrium pyriforme (Gymnostomum pyriforme, Lindb.); leaves longer, more or less acuminate, dis- tinctly yellow-margined; cells smaller, the upper narrower ; capsule larger, subglobose; lid conic, without distinct beak; calyptra unsymmetrical bilobed with long acumen ; pedicel long. Abundant in meadows in the neighborhood of Victoria, Van- couver Island. Collected May 7, 1875, and examined by Austin, who concluded it was a large variety of P. pyriforme. Lesque- reux and James make no mention of it. Remarkably fine speci- mens were again collected May 8, 1887, by John Macoun. BRYUM ANGUSTIRETE, Kindb. Differs from B. pendulum in the leaves narrow, ovate-lanceo- 95 late, reflexed all around; upper areolation very narrow, subli- near, basal cells reddish; costa red. Capsule sub-cylindric ; pedicel arcuate above ; teeth paler ; spores small, scarcely 0.02 mm. Syncecious. On damp earth at the railway bridge over the Kananaskis, Rocky Mountains. Collected June 20, 1885, by John Macoun. BRYUM VANCOUVERIENSE, Kindberg. n. sp. Differs from B. cespiticium in the leaves being longer acumi- nate, at base bright red, and reflexed only below the middle ; cells small, upper very narrow, costa very thick, excurrent in most of the leaves; capsule not pendent and not constricted be- low the mouth; lid deplanate; spores larger, about 0.015 mm. ;’ stem indistinct with gemmiform innovations; pedicel very long, -5 cm. On wet slopes of Mount Finlayson at Goldstream, Vancou- ver Island. Collected June 28, 1887, by John Macoun. BRYUM HYDROPHYLLUM, Kindberg. n. sp. Closely allied to B. pseudo-triquetrum, but the leaves are nar- rower, ovate-lanceolate, reflexed at base or not atall; costa yel- low; tufts loose, radiculose only below. Flowers and capsules not found. Wet, springy places near the sea at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. Collected June 4, 1887, by John Macoun. BRYUM MEESIOIDES, Kindberg. 2. sp. Dicecious, densely caespitose. Stem 1-2 c. m. high, reddish. Leaves yellowish, brown-margined, not decurrent, ovate oblong or short lanceolate, short acuminate, faintly denticulate at apex, slightly reflexed on the borders at the base, cells rhomboidal- oblong ; costa red, scarcely excurrent, abbreviated in the lower leaves ; male flowers discoid ; perigonal leaves ovate-lanceolate, Narrower areolate, denticulate from the middle ; perichetial leaves Narrow, more acuminate. apsule narrowly pyriform, defluent to a longer collum, immature arcuate, pale, wide-mouthed, con- stricted below the mouth; lid convex, pale-yellow, mamillate, teeth pale yellow, connivent; annulus double; cilia perfect, long and appendiculate; basilar membrane very low or indistinct ; Pedicel 2-3 cm.long; spores very small, about 0.01 mm. Differs from B. turbinatum in the leaves being narrower, brown margined and not decurrent; cells smaller; perigonial leaves denticulate ; capsule arcuate and long-necked; spores smaller. Abundant in wet places at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. Collected April 26, 1887, by John Macoun. 96 BRYUM (RHODOBRYUM) ONTARIENSE, Kindberg. _ n. sp. Intermediate between Bryum roseum and Bryum Beyrichi (Hsch.) C. Muller. Comal leaves very numerous, lingulate, ab- ruptly and short acuminate, revolute to % or 34, yellow-mar- gined above with great confluent teeth; costa stout, excurrent. Capsule pale, with a distinct, curved collum half as long; teeth papillose and hyaline above; archegonia numerous; lid convex, short apiculate, not oblique. Hitherto confounded with Bryum roseum and quite common throughout Ontario; generally in abarren state. On old logs in all maple woods around Ontario. POLYTRICHUM (POGONATUM) Macounll, Kindberg. Dicecious ; laxly czspitose, green, brownish when old. Stem rooting only at base, ascending 8-15 cm. high, dichotomous branching. Leaves very long (1.5-2 cm.), when dry spreading or patulose flexuose and convolute, humid subplane linear-lanceo- late, cuspidate from the short sheathing, dirty whitish base, dense- ly and sharply serrate, spinulose and reddish at back towards the apex; lamella numerous (about 60), entire, each of round sexan- gular cells, costa long excurrent; lower cells of the leaf bare, elongate and narrow, the upper oblong, the cell walls often ob- lique and irregular. Perichetial leaves shorter and more acute than the other; seta robust, 3-6 cm. long pale, finally orange. Vaginule glabrate, pale ; capsule 6 mm. long, obliquely inclined, cylindric-oblong without neck at the base, narrowed below the mouth, constricted, not angulose, finally dark brown, at first greenish with the mouth orange, 6-7 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; lid large conic-subulate, at base orange 2 cm. long; teeth of peristone 32 short. This robust and very distinct species is allied to the Japonian Polytrichum grandifolium Lindb. Abundant on the borders of ravines on the upper slopes (4.500 feet) of Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island. Collected July 13, 1887, by John Macoun- Polytrichum sexangulare, Floerke. Plants loosely caespitose, not radiculose. Stems simple, erect, 1-2 cm. long. Leaves linear-lanceolate sub-obtuse, dry hooked- incurved; borders inflexed, entire or with 2-3 teeth at the apex; basal cells quadrate or short-rectangular. Capsule cubic-oval, 4-6-angular, inclined or erect; lid short-rostrate from a conic base, oblique; peristome subregular, hyaline; spores about 0.o2mm. Although Dr. Braithwaite (Brit. Mosses i., 51) describes the peristomial teeth as marked with an orange median line and the. 97 leaves quite entire, 1 have no doubt in identifying this plant with the European species. Schimper (in Synop. Musc. Europ.) describes the spores of all Polytricha as very small. “Spore minime, vix I-100 mm. metientes,” but the European form has. not smaller spores than the form above described. Not before found in North America. On the summit of Copper Mountain, Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains, alt. 7,500 feet, Aug. 10,1885. Collected by John Macoun.. DICHELYMA LONGINERVE, Kindb. n. sp. Habit of Hypnum fluitans. Stems erect, about 1 decim. high, loosely czespitose, rootless, subpinnately branching. Leaves falcate, entire, the upper yellowish-green, oval-lanceolate, entire, long acuminate, by the %-% excurrent cota; most of the cells sublinear, the basal numerous, in 4-6 rows, subquadrate or rectangular, the alar greater, pellucid. Flowers and capsules unknown. : This species very much resembles a Harpidium and indeed may be one, as I thought at first sight. Quite common in dried- up ponds on sticks at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. Collected by John Macoun, June, 1887. LESKEA NIGRESCENS, Kindberg. Plants very small, densely tufted, blackish green, stems short, creeping, pinnate. Stem leaves close, appressed when dry, open- erect when moist, at base broadly ovate and scarcely reflexed, Dicecious. Fruiting specimens not found. This species could possibly be referred to the genus FHetero- cladium, but the costa is not furcate. On flat boulders in Mc- Kay’s Woods, Ottawa, Ont. Macoun, Oct. 12, 1885. HypNuUN (CAMPTOTHECIUM) HAMATIDENS. Kindb. ; (Camp- tothecium Nuttallii, Lesq. and James, |. c. in part.) Dicecious. Densely cespitose, yellow or green, glossy. , scarcely or not radiculose, irregularly pinnate- ramose; branchlets short, attenuate and flexuose. Leaves open- erect, lanceolate, long filiform-acuminate, striate, hooked-denticu- ate or spinulose all around, reflexed on the borders ; | cells nar- row, the basilar small and short; costa stout, vanishing at the 98 apex. Perichetial leaves nerveless, narrowed into an erect of flexuous subulate point, entire or slightly denticulate. Capsule cylindric-oblong, curved suberect or inclined, without a neck; segments split their whole length or coherent at apex; cilia rudi- mentary ; annulus narrow; lid conic obtuse, depressed in the middle and mamillate ; pedicel 1-1.5 cm. long, rough the whole length. Related to H. Nuttallit, Wils, but differs as above. On ogs and trunks at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. June 8, 1887. Col- lected by John Macoun. A Descriptive List of Staten Island Diatoms,* By E. A. SCHULTZE. Plate XC, NAVICULA CARASSIUS, Ehr. Navicula Carassius, Kiitz, Bacill. p. 95, t. XXVIII. fig. 67; Rabenh. Siissw. Diat. p. 40, t. VI. 57; Ralfs in Prit. Inf. p- 900; Donkin Brit. Diats. p. 20, pl. III. fig. 7; O’Meara Rep. on Irish Diat. p. 412, pl. 34, fig. 20; Schum. Diat. der Hohen Tatra, p. 68. Valve small, broadly lanceolate with produced capitate ex- tremities ; strize moniliform, reaching to the median line, conver- gent opposite the central nodule and radiate towards the ends. Hab.—Fresh water. Clifton. (Plate XC. fig. 13.) A much smaller species than WV. pusilla with much finer striz, and at once distinguished by its narrow produced apices.— Donkin. It is more than doubtful if the form described by Donkin as Navicula Carassius belongs to this species. The figure repre- sents the form as very much longer, the ends finer and more produced, than is the case in Mavicula Carassius ; the striz too, are described as granular, the strie in MNavicula Carassius are linear. Donkin regards the species as identical with Mavicula lacustris, Gregory, A. J. M. S. 1856, p. 6, Pl. I. fig. 236, but the true Navicula Carassius is broadly elliptical, and not linear as the former is represented to be.—O’ Meara. There is a noteworthy difference of opinion between O’Meara and Donkin, as to the outline and striz of Navicula Carassius. The Staten Island form closely resembles the figure drawn by West in Donkin; the form represented by O’Meara is almost too small for comparison. *Continued from Vol. XIV., p. 114. 99 NAVICULA PEREGRINA, Ehr. Navicula peregrina. Van Heurck, Syn. Diat. Belg. pl. VII. fig. 2; Kiitz. Bacill. p. 97, t. 28, fig. rae aa ra, Rep. on the Irish Diat. p. 408, pl. 34, fig. 6; Ralfs in Pcit. Infus. p. Pinnularia peregrina, w ‘ay Syn. Vol. I. p. 56, pl. XVIII. 170. Valve linear lanceolate with acute non-constricted extremi- ties ; striae radiate costate reaching to the median line. Hab.—Marine, scarce. South Beach and Salt Meadows at New Dorp. (Plate XC. fig. 11.) NAVICULA SMITHII, var. De Bréb. Navicula Smithii, Van Heurck, Syn. Diat. con pl. IX. fig. 12; Donkin, Brit. Diat. p. 6; pl. I. fig. 48; Bréb. in Sm. Syn. Vol. II. p. 92; Ralfs in Prit. Inf. we a 2 Monta, Rep. on he Irish Diat. p. pi 4 32, fig. 18. , Sm. Syn. Vol. I, p. 48, pl. XVII. fig. 152; Ktitz. Bacill. p. 98, t. 30, ei ei Valve broadly elliptical with rounded apices ; striz distinct, moniliform, connivent, interrupted on each side of the median line by a longitudinal lunate line. Hab.—Marine. South Beach. (Plate XC. fig. 17.) Donkin gives as synonymous with the above the form of Navicula didyma, Sm. Syn. Vol. I. p. 53, pl.. XVII. fig. 154 a. m. Smith remarks: “The insertion of this interesting form af- fords me an opportuuity of rectifying the synonymy of J. edlzp- tica and WN. ovalis of the synopsis, Vol. I. p. 48. Mr. De Bréb- isson informs me that J. elliptica, Kiitz. Bacill. XXX, 55 is a fresh water form, first found by himself at Falaise; that it is iden- tical with my JV. ovalis, and therefore claims priority over this latter, which must in consequence be superseded. He suggests that the name JW. ovalis should be cancelled, and that the name N. Smithii be given to the marine species, which I had desig- nated WV. elliptica; I gladly accept the compliment, and shall make the correction in a future revision of the text.” Kiitzing remarks in his work, published in 1844 as follows: Bailey, in the American Journal for January, 1842, gives us two figures on pl. II, (figs. 19 and 20), which closely resemble, but are much larger than our specimens. These forms of NV. e/liptica according to Bailey are from Virginia. 100 NAVICULA CRUCIFORMIS, Donk. Navicula cruciformis, Donk. Quart. Micr. Jour. n. s.. Vol. I. p. 10, pho g. 7 Valve linear, slightly inflated in the middle, rounded extremi- ties, striz costate, oblique, reaching to the median line; blank stauros at the central nodule. Hab.—Marine, scarce, Salt meadows at New Dorp. (Plate XC. fig. 1.) Rabenhorst has referred this species to NW. Brébissonii as a variety, forgetting that I described it as being a marine form; moreover, it differs essentially in the structure of the valve and in the contour of the frustule on the side view from WV. Brebissonii, which in this aspect is linear, not constricted, and narrower.— Donkin. NAVICULA MESOLEPTA, var. STAURONEIFORMIS, Ehr. Navicula mesolepta, var. Stauronetformis, Van Heurck, p- 79, pl. VI. fig. 15. Valve elongated linear; margins triundulating, forming three inflations, and terminating in rounded extremities ; free median space with stauros at central nodule; costate striation. ffab.—Fresh water, frequent, but not abundant. In ponds and wayside ditches in Clifton. (Plate XC. fig. 14.) NAVICULA BICAPITATA, Lagerst. Navicula bicapitata, Van Heurck Syn. Diat, Bel, pl. VI. fig. 14; O’Meara, Rep. on the Irish Diat. P- 352, pl. 30, fig. 32. Valve linear, terminating in constricted broadly rounded apices; striation costate convergent at the centre and radiate towards the extremities; not reaching the median line; free space with dilation around central nodule. Hlab.—F resh water. Clifton. (Plate XC. fig. 3.) Pinnularia biceps, Gregory, Q. J. M.S. 18 56, p. 8, pl. I. fig. 28. Kiitzing has described a form under the name of Navicula biceps, Bacill. p. 96, t. 28, fig. 51, which is widely different from the present. Gregory’s specific name must therefore be dropped.— O’ Meara. The figure in Kiitzing is certainly not that given by Gregory ; but O’Meara should have added that the drawing of Gregory represents the true Vavicula bicapitata, 101 NAVICULA FIRMA, Kitz. Navicula firma, Kiitz. Bacill. p. 92, t. XXI. fig. 10; Ralfs in Prit. Infs. p. 909; Donkin, Brit. Diat. p. 31, pl. V. fig. 7; Sm. Syn. Vo . I. p. 48, pl. XVI. fig. e a Navicula amphigomphus, Kutz. Bacill. p. 93, oni figs. 40 and 41; Rabenh, Siissw. Diat. p. 38, t. VI. fig. 47; Ralfs in 8 Inf. p. 908; Van Heurck, pl. XIII. = 2; O’Meara, Rep; in the Irish Diat. p. 367, pl. 31, fig. 27. Navicula [ridis Pinnularia bisitb Mathes, Ebr. Valve large, linear lanceolate with obtuse extremities ; striae punctuate, transverse, parallel, longitudinally crossed near the margin; free space narrow and more or less inflated at central nodule. (Plate XC. fig. 15.) Hab.—Fresh water. Clifton, New Dorp. In consequence of being subject to considerable variation in outline, the position of this species is in a state of great confu- sion. Kutzing’s typical form was found in the well known fossil diatomaceous earth from Tanta Fiore in Italy; as it occurs in this deposit its outline is almost linear, with cuneate, obtuse or sub-acute extremities. Ehrenberg, however, had elevated into a species that form of it in which the linear margins and cuneate extremities are most prominent, and into another species the other variety, in which the middle of the valve is more tumid, or elliptical; the former he named WV. amphigomphus, the latter NV. dilatata. Between these two forms, however, every degree of gradation is observable; consequently both are synonymous with Kiitzing’s type.—Donkin. NAVICULA TRINODIS, Sm., var. INFLATA, Schultze, n. var. Navicula trinodis, Sm. Syn. Vol. ii. » ” Kiitz. Bacill. p. 127; Ralfs in Prit. Inf. p. 894 ; Van Heurck, pl. XIV. figs. 31 a. 31 Valve with two constrictions ne three nearly equal inflations; extremities broadly rounded ; striz linear-punctate, parallel, not reaching to the median line ; intermediate free space narrow ex- Cepting in the centre, where it is much expanded and shows a slight granular structure. Hab.—Fresh water, Clifton, in pond near the old town road, Scarce. (Plate XC. fig. 7.) The description of Mavicula trinodis in the authorities who mention this species is very incomplete ; thus both Wm. Smith 102 and Ralfs record the striz as obscure, and neither of them speaks of a free median space. This want of information on the subject led me to draw the Staten Island form at an amplification of 3000 diameters. NAVICULA SEMEN, Ehr. Navicula Bete Kitz. Bacill. p. 99, t. een: a 49 ; Rabenh. Siissw- oot Di 98, ta Ve fie. 25-Snn. Syn. Vol.- 1. gp, Pl. XVI. fig. 141; Ralfs. in Prit. Inf. p. goo Host p 2 pL ELL fig. 8: Fuse. es on the Irish Diat. p. 413, os XXXIV. fig. 22; Schumann, Diat. d. H. Tatra p. 68 Valve linear elliptical; broad, with short slightly constricted rounded extremities; striz reaching to the median line, costate, radiate towards the ends and convergent opposite the central nodule. Hab.—F resh water, Clifton, frequent, (Plate XC. fig. 2.) NAVICULA BOREALIS, Ehr. Navicula borealis, ge Bacill. p. 96. t. XXVIII. fig: 68, 72; Van Heurck, Syn. p. 76, pl. VI. fig. 4 ie in Prit. Inf. p. 907; O'Meara, Rep. on the Irish Diat. p. 345, pl. XXX. ; Pinnularia borealis, Pes Siissw. Diat. p. 42, t. VI. fig. 19; Sm. Syn. Vol. ii- P- 94 Valve linear elliptical with rounded ends; coste very stout and not reaching to the median line; intermediate free space broad, slightly inflated in the centre. Hlab.—Fresh water, Clifton. (Plate XC. fig. 16.) The Staten Island form of Mavicula borealis is an exceedingly large and beautiful one, being four inches in length when magni- fied 1000 dia. The drawings in Van Heurck, Kiitzing and O’Meara represent a much smaller diatom: the best of the three authorities is that of Van Heurck, the others are imperfect in de- tail. NAVICULA LIBER, Sm. Navicula Liber, Sm. Syn, Vol. I. p. 48. pl. XVI. fig. 133 ; Ralfs. in Prit. Inf. p- 907; Donkin, N. H. Br. Diat. p. 62, pl. IX. figs. 5a, 5b; Van Heurck, Sy?- 5 104, pl. XII. fig. 36; O'Meara Rep. onthe Irish Diat. p. 365, pl. XXXI. fig. 23- Valve linear with rounded ends; striz linear not reaching the median line, slightly radiate at apices; an intermediate free space- Hab.—Marine. South beach salt meadows at New Dorp. Not frequent. (Plate XC. fig. 5.) 103 NAVICULA FORCIPATA, Grev. Navicula nahi eee nae in maak Infus. p. 897; Van oe p. 94, pl. fig. 6; O’Meara, p. 392; Donkin N. H. Brit. Diat. p. 12, pl. fig. 4 Valve elliptical ae ds extremities ; striz Gaear punc- tate, reaching to the median line; slightly convergent at the ends, and intercepted by two longitudinal, free, lyrate spaces which converge at the apices. Hab.—Marine. South beach. (Plate XC. fig. 4.) NAVICULA MARINA, Ralfs. Navicula marina, fe in Prit. Inf. - 903; Donkin, N. H. Br. Diat. p. 19 pl. III. fig. 5; Van Heurck, Syn. ss 98, pl. XI. fig. Oe vanctilon, pe Syn. Vol. r p. 52, pl. XVI. fig. 151; O’Meara Rep. on the Irish Diat. p. 377, pl. 32, ee i Valve broadly elliptical with very slightly produced conic apices ; striz distinctly moniliform. Hab.—Brackish water. South beach salt meadows at Garret- sons. Rare. (Plate XC. fig. 8.) Although this species is described as marine in the “ Synop- sis” of Prof. Smith, I have never found it in purely marine local- ities, where its congener WV. granulata is found.—Donkin. NAVICULA PERMAGNA, Bail. Navicula permagna, Bail, Smiths. Contr. 1850, p. 4, pl. I. fig. 28; VanHeurck, Syn. p. 102, pl. XI. fig. I; Ralfs in Prit. Inf. p. 907 Valve broadly lanceolate with obtuse apices, stout terminal nodules and broad median, longitudinal free space ; striae costate, radiant, interrupted near the margin of the valve by a depression. ab.—Brackish. Salt meadows at Garretsons. Scarce. (Plate XC, fig. 9. STAURONEIS PHGENICENTERON, Ehr. Stauroneis Phenicenteron, Kiitz. Bacill. p. 104, t. III. fig. 53; Sm. Syn. p* 59, pl. XIX. fig. 185; Van Heurck, p. 67, pl. IV. fig. 2; Brun. Diat. of the Alps and Jura, p. 88, pl. IX. fig. 7; Rab. Siissw. Diat. p. 47, t. IX. fig. 1; Ralfs. in Prit. Inf. p- Baciliorin Phoniccate a Nitsch, 1817. \ Cymbella Phenicenteron, Da Cone p. Io. Navicula Phenicenteron, Valve lenceaiaas ety more or less produced obtuse extremi- ties ; stauroneiform, free space reaching to the margins; striae punctate, convergent; the raphe forms two lines which often ex- pand between the centre and the ends. 104 Hab.—Fresh water, Clifton, New Dorp, New Brighton, Gar- retsons. Very frequent but not abundant. (Plate XC. fig. 6.) STAURONEIS ee Ehr. aoa cobeated Wm. Sm., Syn. D. p. 59, pl. XIX. fig. 186; Kiitz. Bacill. p. 104, t. XXIX. fig. 3; Rabenh. ck. Diat. p. 48, t. IX. fig. 3; Ralfs. in Prit. Inf. ne 913; Brun, ‘Diat. of the Alps and Jura, p. 89, pl. IX. fig. 6 Valve lanceolate with obtuse apices ; stauros linear, not eenehe ing the margin; striz delicate, punctate, convergent. Hab.—F resh water, scarce. Clifton, New Dorp. (Plate XC. fig. 10.) _ Brun erroneously attributes S. grvaczlzs to W. Sm. STAURONEIS ANCEPS, Ehr. Stauronets — Ktitz, Bacill. p. 105, t. XXIX. fig. 4 Sm. Syn. Vol. I. p. 60, pl. XIX. fig. 190; Van Heurck, Syn. p. 68, pl. Pe pes gon: Rebeals Sitsew. Diat. p- 48, pl. IX. fig. = Regs in Prit. Inf. p. 912; Brun, Diat. of the Alps and Jura, p. 89, pl. IX. tigs. Valve lanceolate, eeeree at extremities into rounded api- ces; stauros reaching the margin; striz fine, convergent. Hab.—Fresh water, not frequent. Clifton. (Plate XC. fig. 12.) Some New North American Lichens. By Joun W. Ecxretpt, M.D. During the year 1887 I had submitted to me for study a collection of Lichens made in Florida by Mr..W. W. Calkins, who was spending the winter at Jacksonville, and among the number of two hundred species there were several unknown at that time tome. With the kind assistance of Dr. Nylander, of Paris, who has named these plants, I am enabled to bring them before the attention of our Lichenists. One species herein enumerated is from the Pacific coast : LECIDEA (BIATORA) FLORIDENSIS, Nyl. spec. nov. Thallus cinerascens vel cinereo-fuscescens, tenuis, opacus, con- tinuus; apothecia nigra, plana, marginata (latit 1 mm. vel min- ora), intus obscura; spore 8 nae. incolores, ellipsoide, simplices, longit 0,o11-15, crassit 0,006-8 mm. paraphyses non bene dis- tincte, epithecium et hypothecium fuscze. Iodo getatina hyme- nialis fulvo-rubescens (precedente cerulescentia livi). Species videtur ex affinitata L crustulate, Ach., sed spermogonia non visa. A rather rare and fine species, occurring in the neighborhood 105 of Jacksonville, Fla.,on Carpinus Caroliniana. Mr. Calkins in- forms me that he has found this plant but once, and I am of the opinion that it may occur more abundantly in more tropical re- gions, (Lichens of Florida, p. 6, No. 193, Eckfeldt and Calkins.) STIGMATIDIUM INSCRIPTUM, Nyl. spec. nov. Thallus albidus, tenuis, rugulosus, rimulosus; apothecia nigri- cantia gracilia elongata dendroidez, divisa innata; spore 8 ne. incolores, oblong, 3 septate, long. 0,O11-14, crass. 0,004-5 mm. ; epithecium incolor, hypothecium fuscum. Iodo gelatina hymen- ialis caerulescens, dein fulvescens. This remarkable species of Stigmatidium, which is most likely also of tropical origin, is, so far as we are aware, the only type of the genus ever occurring within the limits of the United States. The species, so far as known, are commonly found in Southern Europe and Equatorial America. The similarity of the species is also quite marked, and this plant is very closely allied to S. venosa, Sm. and S. elegans, Esch. Our plants occur commonly at Jacksonville on Carpinus Caroliniana and Quercus vivens. Lichens of Florida, p. 8, No. 244. Eckfeldt and Calkins, 1887. ARTHONIA ALBO-VIRESCENS, Nyl. spec. nova. 0,009-I0 mm., epithecium fuscum. Iodo gelatina hymenialis fulvo-rubescens. — A much allied species to A. abnormen (Ach.), Nyl. N. Calid. p.64. An abundant species at Fort George Island, Fla., on Jlex Cassine, but frequently in a sterile state. Lichens of Florida, p. 8, No. 250, Eckfeldt and Calkins. GRAPHIS ABAPHOIDES, Nyl. spec, nova. divisee, long. 0,075-0,130, crass. 0,015-32 mm. This plant has been distributed under the name of G. Eustat- hiana, which was nothing more than a herbarium name given to 106 it by Prof. Tuckerman. The peculiarity of this plant is that it is of sub-tropical origin, and might be allied to G. pumentaria, or to G. reniferme, of Fee. Occurs at Jacksonville on Persea. Lich. Florida, p. 8, No. 231. Eckfeldt and Calkins. GRAPHIS SUBVIRGNALIS, Nyl. spec. nova (e stirpe G. pumen- tari@). Sat similis G. Virginee et quoque thallo k e flavo ferruginee rufescente, sed spore oblonge, 4-&nz indistincte (seriibus fere 14) yaa divisze, long. 0,030-38, crass. 0,007-0,012 mm. _Iodo non tinc Rees on the same substrata with Arthonia albovirescens, but quite an infrequent species. Lich. Florida, p. 8, No. 233, under the name G. sudvirginea. Eckfeldt and Calkins. HEPPIA OMPHALIZA, Nyl. spec. nova (Zndocarpiscum.) Thallus castaneo-fuscus vel castaneo-nigricans, granulosus, granulis firlilibus squamulas sistentibus omphalariiforme rotun- datas (latit.cerciter 1 mm.), convexulas, subtus pallescentes umbili- cato-effixas; apothecia immersa endocarpodea pallida (latit circ. O1 mm) thece polyspore spore oblongz (long. 0,006-8, crass. 0,0035 mm.). Jodo thecz czrulescentes, dein fulvescentes. Granula thalli minora spermogonia continent. First collected in the summer of 1877 by Mr. Edward Palmer on granite rocks on the Islands of San Pedro Martin in the Gulf of California. Alt. 1,200 ft. Contributions to American Bryology.—L. By EvizasetH G. Brirron. AN ENUMERATION OF MOSSES COLLECTED BY Mr. JOHN B. LEIBERG, IN KOOTENAI CO., IDAHO.* (Plate XCI). Sphagnum squarrosum, Pers. North Fork Basin, Lake Coeur d’Alene (84). Sphagnum teres, Angstr. Lake Pend d’Oreille (45). Mollia eruginosa (Smith), Lindb. (Gymnostomum rupestre, Schwegr). In spray of waterfall, Lake Pend d’Oreille (45)- Dichodontium pellucidum (L.), Schimp. North Fork Basin, Lake Coeur d’ Alene (80). rena no locality is given, the vicinity of Lake Pend d’Oreille is to be unders 107 Antsothecitum Grevillei (Br. & Sch.) Lindb. (Dicranella Grev- wleana, Schimp). Springy places, Lake Pend d’Oreille, (44). Dicranum scoparium (L.), Hedw. (42 and 47). Dicranum fuscescens, Turn. Same locality (15). Dicranum strictum, Schleich. On decaying logs, same locality (22). fissidens rufulus, Br. & Sch. (F. ventricosus, Lesq). Sterile on submerged rocks, same locality (61 in part). Fissidens grandifrons, Brid. Granite ledges in swift mountain streams, sterile (63). Fissidens bryoides, Hedw. North Fork Basin, Lake Cceur d’Alene (68 and 91). Conomitrium Hallianum, Sull. & Lesq. On rocks at low-water line, Lake Pend d’Oreille, sterile (120). Ceratodon purpureus (L.), Brid. (139). Swartzia montana (Lamk.), Lindb. (Distichium capillaceum, Br. & Sch). North Fork Basin, Lake Coeur d’Alene (124). Tortula pusilla (Hedw.) Mitt. (Pottza cavtfolta, Ehrh.) Mixed with Bryum argenteum, var. lanatum (32). Tortula princeps, De Not. (Barbula Muelleri, Br. & Sch.) (145). Barbula unguiculata (Huds.) Hedw. One of the forms. (48). Barbula subfallax, Muell.? On decaying logs (52 and 96) ; around waterfalls (95). Scouleria aquatica, Hook. (Grimmia Scouleri, Muell) With Fissidens rufulus, on submerged rocks sterile (61 in part). Leersia extinctoria (L.), Leyss., var. obtustfolia (Funck), Braithw. (Encalypta vulgaris, Hedw. var. obtusa, Schimp.) Alpine regions, on the ground (33). Leersia rhabdocarpa (Schwegr.), Lindb. (Encalypta rhabdocarpa, Schweegr.) (153). Leersia laciniata, Hedw. (Z. ciliata, Hedw.) Mixed with small form of Bartramia pomiformis (153 in part). Grimmia apocarpa (L.), Hedw. var. gracilis (Schleich.), Web. & Mohr Grimmia anodon, Br. & Sch. (31). Grimmia torquata, Hornsch. (Plate XCI.) Fertile, on granite ledges about Lake Pend d’Oreille (20). Plants compare! with Drummond’s No. 58, Macoun’s No. 91, and European 108 specimens. Basal areolation of the leaves less quadrate and more sinuous than figured by Dr. Braithwaite (British Moss Flora, ii. t. xlvii, E), but a specimen collected by him agrees with American specimens (see figs. a, b, 4 and 5). Capsule exserted on a slender, curved pedicel, 3 to 5 mm. long, erect and twisted when dry, less than 1 mm. long, prolate-spheroidal when young, cylindrical and ridged when old and _ brown; operculum with a long, straight beak, just covered with the brownish, mitrate calyptra; annulus none, peristome also lack- ing on the only specimen which still retained the operculum; perichetial leaves three, longer and stouter than the stem-leaves, with a short hyaline, serrulate point, twisted around the base of the pedicel when dry, erect-patent when moist Closely resembling G. ¢richophylla, Grev., but capsule smaller on a pedicel longer in proportion to its size, more closely twisted when dry; teeth not present on any of the old capsules. Dr, Braithwaithe says, ‘short jointed filaments producing globose propagula at upper end, are frequent upon the leaves (I. c. 15, f. 10) these do not seem to be at all abundant upon American spec- imens, but appear rather as short, bifurcating, irregular filaments, than as moniliform hairs. Grimmia pulvinata (L), Smith. Mixed with G. trichophylla (147 in part). Grimmia pulvinata, var. obtusa (Brid.), Huebn.. (3 in part). Grimmia trichophylla, Grev. (3 in part, 147 in part). Grimmia Donit, Smith. Spokane Falls, Washington (110). Grimmia montana, Br. & Sch. Granite ledges (53). Grimmia ovata, Web. & Mohr. (G. commutata, Huebn.), Lesq- & James, Manual, 145). (17). Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.), Lindb. G. ovata, Lesq. & James, |. ¢- 143 not Web. & Mohr). (13). Grimmia microcarpa (Gmel.), Lindb. Rhacomitrium Sudeticum, Br. & Sch. On gneissoid rocks, west of Lake Pend d’Oreille. (102 in part). Grimmia heterosticha (Hedw.), C. Muell. (R. heterostichum, Brid.) (123). Grimmia patens (Dicks.), Br. & Sch. (R. patens, Huebn., North Fork Basin, Lake Coeur d’Alene, mixed with 102). (127): Grimmia acicularis (L.), C. Muell.. R. acicudare, Brid.) In 109 short, brownish-green, compact tufts, like Macoun’s speci- mens from Yale, B. C. (19); also in loose, long, blackish-green bunches on gneissoid rocks, west of Lake Pend d’Oreille, mixed with G. microcarpa. (102 in part). Coscinodon cribrosus (Hedw.), Spruce. (C. pulvinatus, Spreng.) ? Teeth nearly entire on the only capsule found (35). Wetssia Americana, Lindb. (Ulota Hutchinsie, Schimp.) (11). Orthotrichum Levigatum, Zett.? (8). Orthotrichum Texanum, Sull. Ledges, Lake Coeur d’Alene (133 in part); Lake Pend d’Oreille (60). Orthotrichum rupestre, Schleich. Ledges, Lake Coeur d’Alene (134 in part); Lake Pend d’Oreille (37). Orthotrichum affine, Schrad. On trees in woods (7, 11, 40 and 123 in part). Orthotrichum alpestre, Hornsch. On trees (10). Orthotrichum speciosum, Nees. On. trees (152). O. elegans, Schwegr., seems worthy of distinction, as Drum- mond’s No. 155, and Mr. Leiberg’s 9 and 152 in part are bright and green, with stems ferruginously tomentose, leaves more spreading, and other differences, for which see Venturi, Musc. Gall. 160, t. 46. Orthotrichum fallax, Schimp. (159). Orthotrichum obtusifolium, Schrad. On poplar trees, North Fork Basin (101). Specimens agree with Bryol. Europ. t. 208, and Lesq. and James Man. 177, but not with Venturi, Musc. Gall. 193, t. LIL, but rather with O. Rogeri, Brid., Venturi, l. c. 186, t. 51. Hedwigia ciliata, Ehrh. ‘ Not common” (36). Braunia Californica, Lesq. “Rather local” (103). Anectangium Lapponicum, Hedw. (Amphoridium Lapponicum, Schimp.) Precipices of the Chilco Range, south end of Lake Pend d’Orielle (89). : Anectangium Mougeotii (Bruch.), Lindb. (A. Mougeotit, Schimp.) 6 79). ‘Ptychomitrium Gardneri, Lesq. (11 in part). Funaria hygrometrica (L.), Sibth. North Fork Basin, Lake Cceur d’Alene (90); also a small set of plants too old for certain determination, alpine regions (34). ‘ 110 Bartramia pomiformis (L.), Hedw. var. crispa, Schimp. (112). Also dwarf form of the species, agreeing with Labrador spec- imens collected by O. D. Allen (53 in part). Philonotis fontana (L.), Brid. (35). Philonotis calcarea, Schimp. ?? “Ina calcareous spring, very rare” (49). Capsules too old for certain determination; may be P. fontana, var. Pohlia nutans (Schreb.), Lindb. (Webera nutans, Hedw.) (74 mixed with 140). Pohlia cruda (L.), Lindb. ies cruda, Schimp.) North Fork Basin (136). Leptobryum pyriforme (L.), Wils, (150). Bryum argenteum, L., var. danatum Br. & Sch. Alpine regions (32 in part). Bryum cespiticium, L. Mixed with Pohlia nutans (140). eee yllum medium (Br. & Sch), Lindb. (Mnium medium, Br. & Sch.) North Fork Basin. (92). Astrophyllum cuspidatum (L.), Lindb. (MM. affine, Bland). (93): Also from North Fork Basin (94). ASTROPHYLLUM SPINULOSUM (Br. & Sch.) (YZ. spinulosum, Br. & Sch.) (2). Leucolepis acanthoneura (Schwegr.), Lindb. (Mnium Menziestt, C. Muell). (98). Mnium androgynum, L. (Aulacomnion androgynum, Schwegt-) (43 mixed with 96). Timmia Austriaca, Hedw. On rocks and earth (99 and 113). CATHARINEA SELWYNI (Aust.) (Adrichum Selwyni, Aust. Bot. Gazette, ii. 95.) (21). Polytrichum alpinum, L. (Pogonatum ULAR, Roehl). (142). Polytrichum piliferum, Schreb. (110). Polytrichum juniperinum, Willd. (115). Buxbaumia aphylla, L. Decaying logs, Traille River basin, (not numbered). Fontinalis antipyretica, L. “In mountain streams, fruiting abun- dantly.” (114) Fontinalis Lescurit, Sulliv. Granite Ledges in Lake Pend d’ Oreille (137). 111 Dichelyma uncinata, Mitt.2? Decaying logs, bushes and twigs, North Fork Basin (81). Sent to Kew for comparison with the type ; perichztial leaves are twisted ! Neckera Menziesti?, Drummond. Granite ledges, fruiting abun- dantly with flagelliform branches (121). On trees and rocks at and below water-line, sterile (82). Neckera Douglasit, Hook. On trees, sterile (83). Antitrichia Californica, Sulliv. Granite ledges (18). Climacium Americanum, Brid. Sterile (51). Hypnum pseudo-sericeum, C. Muell. (29 in part). HHypnum crispifolium, Hook. Along rivulets. (69); on the ground in woods (5). Hypnum (Camptothectum) lutescens, Huds. (56 and 29 in part). Hypnum eneum, Mitt. Typical (28). Llypnum Nuttallii, Wiis. (27 and 58). HHypnum megaptilum, Sulliv. On the ground in damp woods, - finer and more branching specimens than the type. (41). Hypnum Stokesiz, Turn. (65 and 69 in part). HypNumM (THAMNIUM) LEIBERGU, n. sp. North Fork Basin, Lake Coeur d’Alene, on quartzite ledges (78). Dicecious; perichzetial leaves ecostate with recurved apices, entire, or slightly serrulate ; leaves costate to just below the apex, entire, or slightly serrulate below, coarsely serrate above; ped- icel 1 cm. long, falling off with the capsules when old; inner peristome with three appendiculate regular cilia as long as the teeth, or occasionally irregularly united into one or two, and scarcely appendiculate. Between H. Alleghaniense, Muell. and H. neckeroides, Hook, differing from the former in the dicecious inflorescence and from the latter in the length of the cilia. Mr. Wright has kindly com- pared specimens sent him with the type of 7. neckeroides at Kew, and confirms the above diagnosis. Hypnum loreum,L. (84). Lake Coeur d’Alene. Hypnum triquetrum, L. 97). fypnum splendens, Hedw. (100). Hypnum unctnatum, Hedw. var. plumosum, Schimp. (131). Hypnum robustum, Hook. Cafons and valleys in the Traille River Basin (not numbered). 112 Hypnum subimponens, Lesq. (129). . Flypnum aduncum, Hedw. var. giganteum, Br. & Sch. (88). Description of Plate XCI. Figs. 1-5, drawn from J. B. Leiberg’s specimens. Figs. a and b, drawn from Dr. Braithwaite’s specimen. Figs. a and 4, hyaline toothed apices of the leaves. Figs. b and 5, elongated basal cells, Fig. 3, Old, ridged capsule. Botanical Notes, The Botanical Society of Western Pennsylvania is the name of an organization established last October at Pittsburgh, “to bring into communication those who are interested in Botany, to advance their knowledge of the subject, and to create a more wide-spread interest in the study of plants,” in which praise- worthy objects the editors of the BULLETIN wish the officers of the new society the greatest success. Meetings are held monthly, the fourth Thursday in every month, at the Pittsburgh Library. From the calendar of the society recently received we learn that the officers for 1888-’89, are as follows: President, Dr. Wm. R. | Hamilton; Vice-president, Dr. A. Ziegler; Corresponding Sec- retary, Mr. J. D. Shafer; Recording Secretary, Miss Willa Z. Matthews ; Treasurer, Mr. C. C. Mellor. Over 50 members are now enrolled. Heterogamy in Alnus serrulata. Passing along a road fringed with Alnus serrulata near Yonkers, New York, the other day, I was interested to note that one clump had no staminate catkins, and that the pistillate ones were much more numerous than in the normal moncecious type. A day or so later, other plants showing the same peculiarity were observed in another locality. These were marked so that they might be watched next season. This entire absence of staminate catkins seems to show a tendency on the part of A/nus to become dicecious. I could, however, find no plants producing only male catkins, and am interested to know whether any such have been observed by others, and whether the peculiarity noted by me has been com- mon elsewhere this spring. ex f, /2 Y ALIcE B. RICH. [Androgynous catkins are recorded for this species from 113 Providence, R. I., by Professor W. W. Bailey, (BULLETIN, vi. 312), and for A. fruticosa by C. A. Meyer (fide Masters, Veg. Teretology, 192), but the complete change from the moncecious to the dicecious condition in the genus does not appear to have been mentioned, and is of but infrequent occurrence, though known in ¥uglans and Morus.—ED. | | Reviews of Foreign Literature. The Orchids of the Cape Peninsula. By Harry Bolus, F.L.S. (Trans. South African Philos. Soc. v. part I, pp. 200, with 36 plates, partly colored, Cape Town, 1888.) The South African Flora must afford a rich field of study for those interested in orchids, and who is not? for out of some 1,750 flowering plants, 102, or 5.8 percent. are of this order. This is indeed a remakable proportion, and as shown by Mr. Bolus in his interesting preface, is probably not surpassed by any region of equal area (197 square miles) in the same latitude. They are included in but ten genera, however. Of the five tribes of the order the Neottieze and Cypripediez are not represented. The monograph is very complete, and is ornamented by ex- tremely good plates executed after drawings by the author, mainly from living plants. N, ds. By Studies on the Tilopteridee. In the recent numbers of the Bot. Zeitung (Numbers 7, 8, 9, of 1889), Prof. J. Reinke describes several genera of the Tilopteridee. This family includes a small number of small marine-algz and is of interest chiefly owing to the question of its supposed place in the system. After the usual exhaustive historical sketch and another concerning its geograph- ical distribution, he gives a description of three species represent- ing as many genera. The first, Haplospora globosa, Kjellm, is a small alga growing in tufts of from 2-10 centimetres in height, these being fastened On small stones or shells, rarely on larger alge. These tufts of brownish-yellow color consist of numerous single plants re- sembling Sphacelaria in general form and Ectocarpus in their man- ner of branching. The part of the plant growing up from the thizoid-like cells which serve to fasten it to the stone or shell, 114 he calls a thallus; it consists of several rows of cells originating from a single row of long cylindrical cells, and terminating also in a single row, the upper one of which is not an apical cell, as in case of Sphacelaria, but grows out to a long hair-like appen- dage; subsequent growth in length takes place by intercolary cross division of single cells. The manner of branching is fully described, but the chief interest from a systematic standpoint lies in the manner of reproduction, which in this genus appears to be non-sexual. The organs of reproduction are termed spot- angia and occur either as end cells of side branches, which take the place of the hair-like projections, or in certain cases the sporangium branch is reduced to a single cell, and even in some instances the reduction goes so far that a vegetative cell of the main branch becomes a sporangium. In the early stage of this cell it is filled with a homogeneous, granular substance which fills the space between the nucleus and the chromatophores pressed against the wall. In the next stage are found numerous small ‘bodies which he names mucilage bodies, and others resembling those in the brown alge; these are separated more or less regu- larly by fine walls of granular protoplasm. The nucleus now divides, the two nuclei again divide, they separate from each other, and at this stage a thin membrane is formed around the contents of the sporangium, lying close to the wall of the latter. This wall now breaks and the spore escapes with its new membrane and its four nuclei. It begins to germi- nate at once, the single cell dividing into four, and by subsequent divisions a small tuber-like body is formed from which arises the stem or thallus of a new plant. Some variations from this pro- cess are recorded, but this he claims to be the normal method. Concluding the description of this plant, the author says that he has examined hundreds of this species and does not hesi- tate to affirm that its method of reproduction is wholly non-sexual. If an analogy between this and the brown alge is sought for, it may be found in the similarity of vegetative structure which exists between this and the genera Sphacelaria and Ectocarpus. In the method of reproduction, however, it is most like the te- traspore-producing Dyctyocez. In both the spores are sexually produced ; in both kinds of spores are four nuclei which result 115 in dividing the spore into four cells. Here the similarity ceases. The difference in the vegetative form, however, is too great to admit of its being closely related to the last named group. Another genus, Scaphospora speciosa, Kjellm., is described, resembling Hap/ospora in external appearance, but is not so easy to cultivate and is found in much smaller quantities; it differs from it by having two kinds of reproductive organs, which are called oosporangia and zoosporangia. The former are very simi- lar to the intercalated sporangia of Flaplospora; the contents at first resemble those of the other vegetative cells, various changes take place somewhat similar to those described in Haplospora; the nucleus, however, does not divide, neither is there a new wall formed around the contents before they escape from the sporangium case. The wall of this case dissolves at a conveni- ent place, the contents escape, assuming at once a spherical shape. Although the author was unable to trace the very next steps in the development of this sphere, owing to the scarcity of material and the difficulty of its cultivation, he says these two points of difference between it and the spore of Hap/ospora, viz: there being only one nucleus and its lacking a membrane, are sufficient to warrant its being considered an egg. The next stage observed was that in which this egg was invested with a mem- brane and had divided into four cells, each containing a nucleus. Some were found, having sent out rhizoid-like protuberances. The second kind of reproductive organ occurs on the same individual. It consists either of a metamorphosed branch or parts of branches easily distinguished by the large number of little cells of which they consist. The direct escape of the contents of these zoosporangia was not observed, but a large number of empty cases were found, also some whose contents had only partially escaped. In these the remaning spores appeared to be naked spheres with two small chromatophores. No cilia could be distinguished. Now in the fresh material containing the empty sporangium cases were found numberless little swarm spores in active motion, whose size and appearance corresponded to the spores found inside the sporangia. These swarm spores, were long, egg shaped, with two cilia, and the view that they were the developed spores of the 116 zoosporangia was strengthened by the fact, that in the vicinity where these plants grew, were found only four other kinds of plants, and the swarm spores of all these plants are known to be different from those found among’ the Scaphospora plants. These facts are supposed to furnish pretty strong evidence that the organ described as oosporangium is a real oogonium and that the zoosporangium correspond to antheridia and produce the spermatozoids whose function is the fertilization of the egg. The third genus, T7i/opteris, is only lightly dwelt upon in this article ; its manner of reproduction is said to resemble that of Haplospora. The author expresses a wish that some botanist who is able to procure a larger number of plants of the genus Scaphaspora, and who has a more favorable chance to watch their development, may be able to fill up the gaps in the investi- gations just recorded, and in concluding speaks against the sep- aration into so many genera, saying there seems no good reason why Haplospora and Scaphospora may not be united as one genus with 77zlopteris. G Index to Recent American Botanical Literature. Abies bracteata, (Gard. Chron. v. 242, Fig. 44,) Abies lasiocarpa. M. T. M. (Gard. Chron. v. 172, 173; illus- trated.) Aninteresting discussion of the species and the con- fusion in regard to its synonomy. Agaricus Rodmani—Note on the Poisonous Properties of the. John Macoun. (Ottawa Naturalist, ii. 142, 143). Alge from Granville, O—List of. Chas. L. Payne. (Bull. Denison Univ. iv. 132.) A possible new species is described: Spirogyra Herrickt. Algo-Lichen Hypothesis—The Status of the. Thos. A. Wil- liams. m. Nat. xxiii. 1-8.) An interesting resumé of the conflicting opinions concerning the systematic position of these plants. Aristolochia Sipho. Mrs. Hoskins. (Vick’s Monthly, xii. 72, illustrated.) 117 Asa Gray—Memorial of. (Trans. Mass. Hort. Soc. for the _ Year 1888, pp. 155, 156.) Asa Gray. W. G. Farlow. (Ber. der Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. vi. 31-38.) Biologia Centrali-Americana or Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America— Botany. W.B. Hemsley. 4to. Four volumes. London, 1879-1888.) This great work, which has occupied so much of Mr. Hems- ley’s time during the past ten years, is now completed by the issuing of a supplementary part containing the Introduction and a Commentary thereon by Sir Joseph Hooker, to be bound with Vol. i., and the Appendix of 225 pages, to go at the end of Vol. iv. The Introduction considers the problems of geographi- cal distribution involved and the relation of the flora of the Central American region to other parts of the globe. The Appendix treats of the History of Botanical Exploration of the region, giving brief biographical sketches of all the collectors, a Summary and analysis of the Flora, and other matters of general interest. Botanical Notes. Geo. Vasey. (Bull. No. 8, Bot. Div. U. S. Dept. Agric. 18, 19.) A series of brief memoranda, mostly in regard to grasses. Botanische Garten. (Pharm. Rundsch., vii. 51-54.) An account of the proposed botanic garden for New York City, with com- ments upon the subject. Canadian Plants—Check List of. James M. Macoun. eee 8vo, pp. 68, Ottawa, 1889.) Cape Cod Plants—A Few. Walter Deane. (Bot. Gaz. xiv. 45-47.) The author notes that it was in a pond not far from his abode that the pink variety of Castalia odorata ‘‘ originated,” and adds the pleasing news that the water was dotted with the flowers (August, 1888), and that £ the pond is jealously protected from invaders.” This variety 1s occa- sional in southeastern New Jersey. 118 Clavarina fragrans, Ell. and Ev. and Clavarina velutina, EM. and Ev. (Grevillea, xvii., 59.) These recently described specics are referred to Lachnocladium Micheneri, B. & C, and L. semt-vestitum, B. & C., respectively. Cultivation of Mushroons in Abandoned Mines at Akron, N. bf Wm. T. Warren. (Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers, Buffalo Meeting, October, 1888.) Cuscuta Gronovii—On. Henrietta E, Hooker. (Bot. Gaz. xiv. 31-37, Pl. 8.) Desmids from Massachusetts—List of. Wm. West. (Journ. Royal Micros. Soc. 1889, 16-21. Two plates with 24 figures.) An enumeration of species found in gatherings made by Mr. John M. Tyler, of Amherst, including 89 forms. Closterium subdirectum and Xanthidium Tylerianum are new species, and several new varieties are named. Cosmarium Cordanum, Breb. is reported for the first time from the United States, and there are other interesting features of the paper. The plates are beauti- fully drawn and executed. Desmids—Their Life History and Classification. F. B. Carter. (Amer. Month, Micros. Journ. x. 35-38.) Dionea—Electromotive Properties of the Leaf of. B. Sanderson. (Proc. Royal Soc. xliv. 202-204.) Fendlera rupicolz, (Garden and Forest, ii. 112, Fig. 98.) Flora Brasiliensis—Melastomacee. A. Cogniaux. (Mart. Flor. - Bras. xiv. part iv. Folio pp. 656, 130 plates, Leipsic, 1886-1888.) Another part of the great Brazil Flora is completed by the appearance of fascicle 103, continuing and finishing the Melas- tomacee, the first two tribes of the order having been given in Part 3 of the same volume, finished in 1885. Flora Ottawaensis. J. Fletcher. (Pages 42-45 are bound in with vol. ii. Nos. toand 11 of the Ottawa Naturalist.) This installment begins with Aster junceus, Ait., and termi- nates with Senecio vulgaris, L. 119 Forests and Woodlands of New Jersey, IV. J. B. Harrison. (Garden and Forest, ii. 117, 118.) An interesting account of the large oaks at Salem and May’s Landing and other remarkable trees in Atlantic and Cape May Counties. The article also includes a vigorous protest against the barbarons practice, so often permitted, of sacrificing noble trees in many of our villages in order to obtain perfectly graded streets and mathematically straight sidewalks. It is pleasing to note, in antithesis to this, that in the village of May’s Landing street lines have been deflected in order to preserve trees, and the inhabitants find it no hardship to turn a little out of their course in walking along the sidewalks where it has been deemed advis- able that trees should be permitted to remain in the middle of the same. Forest Trees and Shrubs to be Found in Meriden, Conn—A List of the. Chas. H. S. Davis. (Trans. Meriden Sci. Assoc. iii. 46-78.) The terms family, species and variety are some- what mixed in this paper; thus, under the caption Arcfosta- phylos Uva Ursi we are told that “there are many other varieties in Meriden belonging to this family [Ericacez?] which have been identified. Andromeda polifolia, &c., &c.” Why these are not included in the list does not appear. The attempt has been made to make it acceptable to the aver- age reader, rather than a perfect scientific catalogue. Fritillaria Kamtschatensis. (Garden, xxxv. 143, illustrated.) Fungi—North American. A. P. Morgan. (Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. 141-149, Pl. IIL; also reprinted.) This is the first installment of a series of papers upon the subject, and treats of the genera included under the order Phalloidez. A new species is described and figured, Mutinus Bovinus, found growing in rich soil in cultivated grounds and woods in Ohio. Grasses—Notes on. Geo. Vasey. (Bull. No. 8, U.S. Dept. Agric. 16, ty.) = Grindelia robusta—Ueber den Anatomischen Bau von. Joseph Beauvais. (Ber. der Deut. Bot. Gesellsch. vi. 403, 404.) 120 Guatemala—Undescribed Plants from. VI, John Donnell Smith. (Bot. Gaz. xiv. 25-30, plates VI. VII.) Guwatterta grandiflora ; Ceidemia cymifera ; Blakea Guatemalensis (Pl. vi.); Clibadium arboreum; Neurolena lobata, R. Br. var. indivisa,; Ardisia micrantha ; Tournefortia bicolor, Swz., var. calycosa: Ipomea discoidesperma, Solanum sideroxy- loides, Schl., var. ocellatum , Solanum olive forme ; Tetranema evoluta ; Scutellaria orichalcea ; Daphnopsis radiata ; Hly- poxis radiata are the newly described species and varieties. Louteridium Donnell-Smithii, Watson, is figured on Pl. VIL, and an error in the original description rectified. Helianthus and Allied Plants. Geo. D. Phippen. (Bull. Essex Inst. xx. 38-40.) FHlepatice, Westindische. F. Stephani. (Hedwigia. xxvii. 276- 302. tt. xi-xiv.) The first part enumerates 111 species from Porto Rico, collected by H. Sintensis and Prof. Urban, in- cluding descriptions of ten new species, and in part second are listed those collected by Baron Eggers in St. Domingo and Dominica, comprising 36 species, of which two are new, and » both figured. Lycoperdon Missouriense. (Grevillea, xvii. 56.) This species, lately described by Prof. Trelease in Trans. St. Louis. Acad. Sci., December, meee is stated to be undoubtedly the same as Pm ee B. an Maize. ¥. Leroy Sargent. (Pop: Sci. News. xxiii. 7, 22-245 illustrated.) , Mosses—Notes on North American. I. C.R. Barnes. (Bot. Gaz- xiv. 44, 45.) Bryum Knowltont, a new species, is described, found in rock crevices, Funk Island, Newfoundland, by F. H. Knowlton. Nomenclature—The Questions of. C. E. Bessey. (Am. Nat. Xxiii. 53.) Notes on Pondweeds—Potamogeton varians, Morong. Alfred Tryer. (Journ. Bot. xxvii. 33-36.) Mr. Fryer takes up Dr. Morong’s manuscript name for the 121 plant described by Robbins in Gravy’s Manual as P. gramineus, L., var. (?) spathuleformis, from Mystic Pond, Mass. He finds the same form in Cambridgeshire, where it fruits freely, which it has not been observed to do in America. Opuntia Rafinesquit. J.D. Hooker. (Bot. Mag. Tab. 7041.) Panicum in the United States-~The Genus. Geo. Vasey. (Bull. No. 8, Bot. Div. U. S. Dept. Agric. 20-39). A proposed systematic arrangement of the sixty-four species credited to the United States, with descriptions. Section vii, (Eupanicum), containing the species dichotomum and scoparium, is somewhat amplified by the restoration of the old species 77¢7- dum and laxiflorum. The former is also represented by three Varieties ; minor, enstfolium and major, and the latter by one, pubescens. The species dichotomum is enlarged by the addition of vars. barbulatum, viride, divaricatum, villosum and elatum. We do not believe that the treatment of this section will generally be taken as final. P. Wilcorianum from Nebraska, P. Chapman, (P.. tenuiculmum, Chapm.), from Florida, P. Reverchoni, P.- pedicellatum and P. Havardii, from Texas, are new species. The paper is hardly to be considered a monograph—we wish it might be ; it is more properly a descriptive list. Penicillium glaucum—Examination of —H. L. Osborn. (Amer. onth. Micros. Journ. x. I-4). Physalospora Bidwellii—Formation des asques dans le. Frechon, (Comptes Rendus, CVI., 1,361). Physiological Botany—Principles of, as applied to Horticulture and Forestry, viii. ix. x. xt. Geo. L. Goodale. (Garden and Forest, ii. 92, 104, 105, 116, 117, 128, 129). Picea lastocarpa, (Garden, xxxv. 201, illustrated). Populus monilifera. (Garden, xxxv. 189, illustrated). An account of a specimen in Danny Park, Sussex, England. It is evidently a very old tree and presents a most extraordinary appearance, many of the branches resting on the ground where, we are told, they have taken root and sent up new vertical shoots. The tree is supposed to be more than one hundred years old. 122 Rusting of Wheat, (Puccinia graminis). Otto Luggar. (Bull. 5, College Agric. Univ. Minn., 53-67; illustrated). Strawberry—Notes on the History of the-—E. Lewis Sturtevant. (Trans. Mass. Hort. Soc. for the year 1888, pp. 191-204). An exhaustive treatise, containing a. bibliography of more than sixty citations, besides notes on distribution, synonomy and varieties. An appendix gives a list of fifty-four representations of the strawberry published previous to the present century, and dating as far back as 1484. Tephrosia heterantha—Cleist Flowers of —G. Hieronymus (Jahrb. Schles. Gesell. Vater: Cultur. 1887, 235; Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc. 1889, 85). Umbellifere—Revision of North American.—John M. Coulter and J. N. Rose. (Pamphlet, 8vo. pp. 144, nine plates, Crawfords- ville, December, 1888). This excellent monograph of the North American represen- tatives of a most difficult order of plants supplies a want long felt in American science, and the authors should have the thanks of the whole botanical fraternity for their patient and thorough work. We have carefully examined every page of it, and while there isroom for considerable difference of opinion concerning the disposition of certain forms and groups, we have little but praise for the general treatment of the subject, The collections in nearly all the larger herbaria were examined. The Systematic Synopsis is prefaced by a few pages of general introduction, in which the morphology of the plants is described and the characters most de- pended on in the classification are discussed, the fruit being em- phasized as by far the most important of these. There is also an artificial key to the genera; want of space forbids a complete presentation of all the changes made in nomenclature, and a? enumeration of the very considerable number of new species pro- posed. Coloptera, founded on Peucedanum Newberryi, and two new species; Pseudocymopterus, founded on Cymopterus montanus, C. bipinnatus and C. anisatus ; Museniopsis, consisting of Zz ausch- ta Texana, Gray ; Harbouria, based on Thaspium trachypleurum, Gray; and Aletes (Deweya acaulis, Torr.), are all new genera. Oreoxis humilis, Raf., having priority, replaces Cymopterus alpi- 123 nus, Gray. Indeed there is evidence throughout of a strong tendency towards maintaining the original names, which we are very glad to see, and can only wish that it had been carried somewhat further, and a fixed point been reached for a few names which must yet be modified. The only reprehensible thing of note in the work is the citation of Bentham and Hooker as au- thority for six names and several additional synonyms which they never established. This is not an original sin with Messrs. Coulter and Rose, but it is none the less misleading, and inas- much as it is not the practice even at Kew, where the Genera Plantarum was written, and we have it from the surviving author that it was never intended, there seems small ground for its con- tinuance. Nis B Wild Berries and Other Edible Fruits of Newfoundland and Lab- vador—A Summary Account of the—Rev. Arthur C. Wag- horne. (Pamph., pp 11, St. John’s, New Foundland, 1888]. Proceedings of the Club. The regular meeting was held Tuesday evening, March 12th, the President in the chair and thirty-six persons present. Dr. O. R. Willis read the announced paper ‘ On the Pronun- ciation of Botanical Names.” He spoke of the great importance ofa standard in pronunciation for the two thousand words used in botany exclusive of the names of plants, and suggested that such a standard should be established. Dr. Britton exhibited a collection of plants made in Iceland by Professor and Mrs. C. Sprague Smith, among them //eractum aurantiacum, not reported in lists of the Iceland flora and very likely of recent introduction from Scandinavia. Mr. J. W. Martens, Jr., showed specimens of the following plants found in the vicinity of Lake Mohegan, Westchester County, New York, and new to the flora of that county: Viola palmata, L.; Nemopanthes Canadensis (Michx.), D. C.; Rubus triflorus, Richards.; Aster cordifolius, L., var. levigatus, Porter; Senecio aureus, L.., var. obovatus (Muhl.), T. and G.; Lactuca Moridana (L.), Gertn.; Limnanthemum lacunosum (Vent.), Griseb.; Men- tha sativa, L.; Amaranthus chlorostachys, Willd.; Quercus ilict- 124 folia, Wang.; Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.), Torr.; Xyrts Caroliniana, Walt.; Potamogeton gramineus, L.; P. paucifiorus, Pursh; Eriophorum gracile, Koch, and Aspidium Bootti, Tuckerm., the last named new to the local flora. The adjourned meeting was held Wednesday evening, March 27, the Vice-President in the chair and twenty-two persons present. Mr. Herman J. Muller was elected an Active Member and the following were elected Corresponding Members: Dr. J. Schneck, Prof. Isaac Sprague, Prof. J. Giovanni Briosi and Miss Effie Southworth. The committee on Cryptogamic Botany presented notes and specimens illustrating recent Bryological studies. The anatomy of a moss was illustrated and described by Mr. Jelliffe; Miss Steele showed a large number of specimens illustrating the local moss flora, and Mrs. Britton showed some of the rare mosses col-’ lected in Idaho by Mr. J. B. Leiberg, Hypnum megaptilum, Ant- sothecium Grevillet, Catharinea Selwyni, Hypnum (Thamnium) Letbergit, n. sp. and Grimmia torquata in fruit ! Miss Cannon exhibited flowering specimens of Dicentra Cu- cullaria collected March 27th at High Bridge, New York, and _ other indications of the forward state of vegetation were given by several members. Miss Rich exhibited branches of the common Alder, 4/uus serrulata in pistillate flower only, from Yonkers, New York, and | stated that many bushes bearing only pistillate catkins had been observed in that vicinity this spring, indicating a tendency to- wards dicecism in the species. Soe BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. Vol. XVI.) New York, May 8, 1889. [No. 5. Preliminary Note on the North American Species of the Genus Tissa, Adans. By N. L. Britton. Botanists have had great difficulty in limiting the species of Sand Spurrey. There is, indeed, perhaps no other genus of flow- ering plants concerning whose specific composition more widely diverse views have been propounded. Thus we find Mr. Bentham in 1862 (Genera Plantarum, i. 152) regarding the species as “3 vel 4,” while N. C. Kindberg’s elaborate Monograph of the follow- ing year (Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci: Upsal. (III.) vii. fasc. i.) con- tains descriptions and figures of not less than 25. Durand’s re- cent “Index Generum Phanerogamorum” repeats the Bentha- mian view, which Baillon also apparently defends (Histoire des Plantes, ix. 116) saying “species ad 3.” This last is the latest expression we have had on the subject, published indeed, during the past year, and we may now look with much interest for the dictum of the distinguished authors of “ Die Naturliche Pflanzen- familien ” which has not as yet treated of the Carophyllez. So far as North American botanists have been concerned with their native plants, there has not been much difference of opinion expressed—however much may have otherwise existed—for the species have never yet been systematically brought together. The Eastern Manuals have recognized three species; the Botany of California describes two (one of them also eastern), four new species have recently been named, another (if my supposition is correct) frequent in the alkaline area of the Andes, extends to Southern California, and still another, abundant in the Mediter- ranean region, is found in our Western and Southern States. I - have not ventured to unite any of these species, nor to describe any more, although there are plenty of indications from the her- baria that other forms, species or varieties will sooner or later claim recognition. I have thus recognized ten species, all but one 126 of which occur within the United States. The apparently great divergence from the views of the eminent English and French authors above mentioned is readily explicable by stating that the material on which the additional five or six species I have been able to recognize is based, is quite new, and none of them have been studied by either Bentham or Baillon. It is to Professor Greene that I am indebted for much of the material which has thrown most light on the Pacific Coast forms, and he informs me that he has evidence of the existence of other forms, specimens of which in satisfactory amount and condition for critical study are not yet available. So far as the twenty-five species recog- nized by Kindberg are concerned, I am entirely satisfied that they are mainly artificial, and actually represent not many more than the three or four of Bentham or Baillon. It is hardly necessary that I should discuss the generic name of these plants; Professor Greene has very recently alluded to it in “ Pittonia,” and M. Baillon has adopted it in his ‘ Histoire.” Suffice it to say that there is no valid choice in the matter, for 1763, the date of Adanson’s “ Familles des Plantes,” is fifty-four years before the publication of Lepzgonum, and a little more than that earlier than Spergularia. There is no doubt whatever as to what Adanson meant, and hence it becomes a matter of mere priority of publication, for which fifty-four years will be consid- ered ample, I believe, by even the most conservative. Adanson considered that the species known at his time formed two genera, and called the other one Buda, under which species have been named by DuMortier in his ‘‘ Florula Belgica;” this view has not been accepted by any recent botanist, and as Zissa occurs first in Adanson’s work, it has priority of place and must stand as the generic appellation of these interesting plants. Through the courtesy of Mr. Redfield and Dr. Watson I have been able to make quite careful examinations of the materials in the Cambridge and Philadelphia herbaria. (A) ANNUALS; ROOTS FIBROUS. * Species of the sea-beaches or salt-marshes or of the borders of salt lakes; leaves very fleshy ; stamens (always? 105) petals pink, (varying to white ?). 1. TISSA MARINA (L.) (Avenaria rubra, L., var. marina, L., Sp. Pl. 606 (1753); including Lepigonum marinum, Kindb. 127 Monog. 18, at least in so far as the North American plants are concerned, Lepigonum medium, Fries and L. letospermum,Kindb. 139), Stout, erect or ascending, smooth or glandular-pubescent ; capsule 5-8 mm. long at maturity ; pedicels short (seldom more than twice this length) ; seeds smooth, margined or marginless, or roughened with projecting points or processes, several kinds sometimes found within the same capsule; leaves often much clustered in the axils. _ Hab. Along the whole coast on both sides of the continent, apparently less abundant on the Gulf of Mexico; also about saline lakes and on alkaline soil. in the interior. 2. TISSA SALINA (Presl.) (Spergularia salina, Presl. FI. Cech. 93 (1819,) fide Kindberg. Slender and spreading, low, abundantly branching, generally diffuse, and aparently always so in its fully developed state, entirely smooth; pedicels long, slender, more than twice the length of the capsule, which is 4-6 mm. long at maturity and twice the length of the calyx; leaves generally simply opposite ; seeds papillose or smooth. Hab. In the sand or mud of sea-beaches, more rarely (if at all) on the meadows, coast of New England and Canada. Not seen from further south than Eastport (Farlow) or South Gouldsboro (Redfield). This is an extremely well marked species, as I understand it, and I have little doubt that it is the same thing that occurs on the shores of northern Europe, although comparison with more European specimens is very desirable. This restricts its range much within the limits assigned by Kindberg, who by going mainly upon the seeds has included in this, as in other species, a large number of diverse elements. Certainly in these two species the seed characters are of but little value. * * Species of non-saline distribution. + Petals pink. 3. TISSA RUBRA(L.) (Avenaria rubra, L. |. ¢.; Spergularia rubra, Presl; Lepigonum rubrum, Fries). Depressed, spreading or ascending, very leafy to the flowers ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; plants smooth or but slightly pubescent. 128 Hab. In dry, especially sandy soil along both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, not seen west of the Alleghanies nor east of California, and generally appearing as if introduced. Indeed! have not met with evidence that it is really indigenous in East America, and from its being so common a weed in Europe, our plant may very likely be of exotic origin, ‘4. TISSA DIANDRA (Guss.) (Avenaria diandra, Guss. Fi. Sic. Prodr. 1, 515 (1827); Arenaria salsuginea, Bunge in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. ii. 163 (1829); Lepigonum salsugineum, Kindb. |. ¢ 42 and Syn. 7). Spreading or bushy branched from the base; stipules ovate, acute ; peduncles leafless or nearly so ; plant glandular pubescent. Hab. Galveston, Texas (Lindheimer); Rio Brazos, Texas (Drummond, 97 in Herb. Gray.) ; Sierra Valley, Cal. (Lemmon, — 1874, doubtfully referred to this species); sandy bank of the Columbia River, W. Klickatat Co., Washington (Suksdorf, 176); also collected by Mr. Henderson in the same region in 1885. Our plant agrees very nearly with authentic specimens from Arabia. Its specific separation from 7: rubra is open to question. + t Petals none. 5. TISSA GRACILIS (S. Wats.) (Lepigonum gracile, S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xvii. 367 (1882). Capsules 2-4 mm. long, slightly exceeding the calyx; seeds tuberculate; plants small and delicate, 4-8 cm. high. Hab. Los Angeles, Cal. (Parry, No. 15, 1881); Otay, San Diego Co. (Orcutt, 1201); wet sands near Dallas, Texas (Revet- chon in Curtiss, No. 333* distributed as S. Mexicana, Hemsl.) 6. TISSA TENUIS, Greene in litt. (Lepigonum tenue, Greene, Pittonia, i. 63 (1887). Capsules 6-8 mm. long, twice the length of the calyx; seeds smooth, plants much larger, and more branched than in the last. This fine species may, perhaps, better be grouped with Nos. 1 and 2, as its habitat appears to be near the sea, if not, indeed within its influence. Hab. Alameda, Cal. (Greene); Santa Barbara (Rothrock, 154); Santa Monica (J. C. Nevin). 129 (B) PERENNIALS; STEMS CA:SPITOSE FROM A THICK, WOODY ROOT * Maritime or alkaline flat species of the Pacific Coast. 7. TISSA MACROTHECA (Hornem.)