NE

E
FA
de

Ne.

GHENT (BELGIUM). — PRINTED BY EUGÈNE VANDERHAEGHEN ,
A rue des Champs 66. :

THE 4

ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

NS AN
ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY REVIEW

OF

NEW AND INTERESTING PLANTS

WITH THEIR DESCRIPTIONS, HISTORY AND CULTURE.

PUBLISHED AND CONDUCTED BY
J. LINDEN,

Vrce-PresiDeNT or THE FEDERATION 06 THE HortiourrurAL SOCIETEIS oF BELGIUM,
AND or Tue Royaz Socrery or FLORA, FORMERLY BoTANICAL TRAVELLER FOR THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT IN THE BRAZILS,
Wesr-Inpres, Mexico, VexezuELA, NEw-GRAnADA, etc., etc.

AND

ED. ANDRÉ,

Ex-JARDINIER PRINCIPAL OF THE CITY OF Paris, ARCHITEOT AND DESIGNER OF THE SETTON Park, LIVERPOOL,
ASSISTED BY
W:: BB ‘HEMSEETY,
Formerzy BoTanICAL ASSISTANT IN THE HERBARIUM OF THE Royaz GarpEexs, KEw, AUTHOR 0F A

« Hawpsook or Haroy Trees, SaruBs AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS » etc.

AND BY NUMEROUS AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL CORRESPONDENTS,

NEW AND RARE PLANTS, HORTICULTURAL .
THEIR CULTURE, VoL. L ou NEw SERIES. EE
DESCRIPTION, HISTORY AND USES. LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
ULTURE. I
FLORIC ORNAMENTS
nn AND
POMOLOGY.
IMPLEMENTS
FOR
GARDENS AND PARKS. ..

KITCHEN GARDEN.

HORTICULTURAL LITERATURE

NEW BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS AND
4 POETRY.
DEVOTED TO F Œ
CORRESPONDENCE,

GARDENING AND BOTANY.

Mo. Bot. +
1897.
GHENT Belgium).

187<.

1 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 2

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

January, 1874.

— CHANGES IN ENGLISH HORTICULTURAL JOURNALS. —
The opening year signalizes a new era of progress in English
Horticultural literature worthy of remark. The Gardeners
Chronicle, the first amongst Horticultural Journals in the
world, is now published separately, after more than thirty
years association with the Agricultural Gazette. The times
have advanced, bearing in their wake important cultural
improvements, rich introductions, the spread of approved
methods, new works, and an ever increasing crowd of gar-
den amateurs. For these additional readers, more space is
necessary, and henceforward the Gardeners Chronicle will
appear as an independent publication, printed in a better
type, and embellished with numerous, beautiful engravings.
Both Horticulture and Botany will benefit by this alteration.

The presence of the accomplished botanist, Dr Maxwell
T. Masters at the head of the editorial department is our
surety for this, for he valiantly bears the burden of the

responsible inheritance descended to him from the illustrions
and lamented Lindley.

Other periodicals devoted to gardening, such as the “ Jour-
nat of Horticulture », edited by Dr Hogg, and the « Garden ;
conducted by Mr W. Robinson, have also added to their
letter-press and increased their engravings. The public must
certainly profit greatly from this competition, and it may
with truth be said that English Horticultural literature is
at the present time largely and worthily represented.

— FLOWERING 0F Cocos WEDDELLIANA. — This charming
Palm, which has produced flowers on several occasions in the
Establishments of M. Linden, has also recently flowered with
Mr B. S. Williams, at Holloway, in London. The plant that
bore the spathe does not exceed two feet in height of trunk,
and this diminutive flowering stature seems to indicate that
the species will remain dwarf and prove to be one of the
most suitable for table and window decoration.

— PoISONING BY PUFFBALLS AND BY SNAILS. — In a former
article of ours we spoke of the nutritive properties of the
Lycoperdon giganteum, eaten in a young state, while yet
white and firm. It is a well-known esculent in England and
America; but it appears, however, that it must be used with
caution; for a gardener, M. Loise, nearly lost his life through
eating it, though in a small quantity. We should there-
fore recommend trying this plant, but at the same time ad-
vise moderation in taking it, because it is not all stomachs
that are capable of digesting it.

But to be poisoned by snaïls seems almost incredible.
Though, according to a Montpellier paper, it seems to have
been the case with some persons who had partaken of snails
that had eaten some noxious substances, as + Deadly
Nightshade, Spurge, Foxglove, etc.

It will be a good plan to always let these « land oysters ,
fast a few days before assimilating them.

— Exoric FRurTS IN COVENT GARDEN. — Just now one may
see in the stalls of Covent Garden Market a number of tropi-

the first time we saw them. We have eq
peau to inform us by what means he has succeeded in.
flowering this

cal fruits whose presence is unusual in England. They are, the
Litchi, Nephelium (Euphoria) Litchi, the sugary pulp of which
possesses the flavour of a half-dried prune; the Custard
Apple (Anona reticulata) of the West Indies; the Indian or
Barbary Fig (Opuntia Ficus indica) ; the Cherimoyer (Anona
cherimolia); Pine apples, Citrons, Shaddocks and Water me-
lons. We should be glad to see this taste for tropical fruits
still more extended, as it would add to the effect of our des-
sert tables, and induce amateurs to undertake their culture.

— SALE OF M. GuiserT's Orcmps. — The celebrated col-
lection of Orchids belonging to M. Guibert, of Passy-Paris,
has just been sold for the sum of £ 1,240-», They were

purchased for the Vice-roy of Egypt, and suitable structures

have been erected for them at Cairo. Their culture will
still continue in good hands.

— À NEW BoTANIOAL PUBLICATION, — A new Botanical
organ, the Botanischer Jahresbericht, is announced from
Germany. It will be published under the direction of Dr
Leopold Just of Carlsruhe, and will appear annually, in the
autumn. The object is to provide a concise summary of all
the Botanical publications of the year.

— FLOWERING OF HAUSMANNIA JUCUNDA AND AMARYLLIS
PROCERA. — The former of these two plants was introduced
into France now several years ago by M. Ramel, the zealous
propagator of ÆEucalyptus globulus. He obtained it from
Melbourne, Australia, through the kindness of his friend,
Baron F. von Müller, who named and described it. The only

plant imported was in the first place sent to the Museum
Garden of Paris, whence, by a series of adventures, which we

forbear relating here, it found its way to the Municipal Gar-
den at La Muette. It has recently flowered for the first time

in Europe.The purplish and yellow flowers are borne in short

| axillary racemes. It is a miember of the Bignoniaceae or
Trumpet-flower family. We shall refer to this puit again

in à special article.

Amaryliis procera was introduced from Brazil, in 1862,

by M. Binot, and named by M. Duchartre, its description
alone occupying no fewer than 13 pages and a half of the

Bulletin de la Société centrale d'Horticulture de France (1863, :
PP. 425 and following). It has, however, not fulfilled all the

expectations it gave rise to. The greater number of roots
introduced have not produced flowers a second time, and
the number even of those that opened their perianths once,
was very limited. We received several ‘hundreds of it at
La Muette, which, like those obtained later by M. Loise,

flowered only in part; but in spite of every care, they all
pérished. Nevertheless, according to a letter from the chief

gardener, M. Troupeau, there is a fine plant of it i in bloom
now in that establishment. The plant bears a arge number
of the beautiful lilac flowers, which won our ‘admiration

no LS + Dr. ANDRÉ.

ed M. Trou-

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

RL. CLVT.

ONCIDIUM FUSCATUM, raIom8. F.

DUSKY ONCIDIUM.

NAT. OR». ORCHIDACEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER : See Lindl. folia Orchidacea, IL.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER : pseudobuldi oblongi pauci-carinati, nitidi; folia oblongo-acuta subpedalia : racemus strictus 6-8

florus (et ultra) superne fractiflexus,

e vaginis scariosis acuminatis oriens; bracteæ glumaceæ acuminatæ ovaria pedicellata dimi-

dio æquantes; sepala petalaque cuneato-ligulata, obtusa undulato-crispula; labellum cuneato-oblongum flabellatum antice bilobum,
basi velutinum, obscure 3-7 carinatum, ôbscure purpureum, margine anteriore albo limbatum, medio’ discum incrassatum verni-

cosum ferens, columna brevissima; tabula infrastigmatica superne bidentata. — In Peruvia et Nova-Granata legerunt Pœppig
Warscewiez, Roezl, ete. — Charact. pro parte ad viv. et præsertim e cl. Reichb. descript. desumptis. — Vidi vivum in horto
Lindeniano. — Ep. A.

Oncidium fuscatum, Rercus. f. Xenia. I, p. 132,
Miltonia Warscewiczi, Reicae. f. Xenia, I, p. 132.
Ondicium Weltoni, Hort. Engl.

The genus Miltonia was established by Lindley in 1853,
for some Orchids with large, handsome flowers, of distinct
appearance, which he separated from Oncidium and Odonto-
glossum on account of their shorter column, and from Brassia
by their auricles. In his revision of this tribe, M. Reichenbach
states that he has found these characters to be very uncertain
in M. spectabilis and M. Russelliana, and he reduces the genus
Mittonia to the rank of a simple section of Oncidium. This
view has not been generally accepted, and we think that the
«“ peculiar » habit pointed out by Lindley as distinguishing the

… Miltonia group ought to be taken into consideration, even if
the character of the column is variable. We must, however,
own that the plant, which we now figure is extremely puzzling.
We can understand the hesitation of M. Reichenbach to refer
it to one or the other of the genera, and the wavering of ama-
teurs between the names Mittonia Warscewiczi and Oncidium
fuscatum. But we will leave the case as it is meanwhile —

adhuc sub judice lis est — and be satisfied with recommending
this superb species. Magnificent, indeed, as a simple glance at
the plate will convince anyone far better than a mere descrip-
tion. Its beautiful flowers are variable in colour if not in form.
Usually, the labellum is of a dull purplish violet, varnished
in the centre and white towards the margin. Occasionally,
as shown in the plate of the “ Flore des Serres, » the centre is
marked by à large yellow spot, which is wanting in the greater
part of the varieties. This association of decided colours, divi-
ded by pure lines, and the conspicuous setting of the flowers
will afford ample attraction to orchidophilists when they
have once seen this charming plant in bloom.
For the recent introduction of this plant into his esta-
blishment, M. Linden is indebted to M. Roezl. It was found
by Poeppig in Cuchero, Peru, in 1830, then by Warscewicz,

and finally by Purdie in New-Granada, before later expe-

ditions had introduced it alive into Europe. Ep. ANDRÉ.

De

D

THE KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD.
FRUITS ADMITTED BY THE FRENCH POMOLOGICAL CONGRESS IN 1872.

At the last meeting of the members of this body,
held at Marseilles on 20 *: of June last under the presi-
dency of M. P. de Mortillet, their studies were continued.
As heretofore, the results of their labours were arranged

under three different heads: fruits admitted by the congress;
fruits struck out of the list, as not worthy of recommen-
ation, and fruits re-inscribed for further trial. The fruits
admitted this session are enumerated below, after M. Miche-
lin, the secretary:
Cherry (of the Black Heart class) pourprée hâtive. Very
large, stalk long and slender. A productive, very early sort.

Raspberry, surpasse Faïstafr. À commendable variety, pro-
ducing two crops of fruit. di re

_ Pear, beurré de Nivelles. An excellent late variety ra:

by M. Parmentier. . 7 mr

Pear, Jules d'Airotes. À seedling from M. Léon Leclerc of
Flesh delicate, juicy, melting, tender, ripe in De-

ua e preuve. À late flowering variety largely

%.

4
lé

_ Apple, rose de Provence. Another good apple, widely distri-
buted in the South.

Grape, Tschaouch Safra Usum, Handsome bunches with
large white berries. Introduced from Turkey.
The foregoing seven fruits are the only ones passed by
| the Congress at this sitting. The total number of fruits tried
and certificated by the congress since its foundation, is 464,
divided as follows amongst the different kinds: 176 Pears,
| 71 Apples, 2 Quinces, 1 Service, 1 Medlar, 26 Peaches, 5 Free-

stone Nectarines, 1 Cling-stone Nectarine, 12 Apricots, 32
Plums, 26 Cherries, namely : 10 of the Bigarreau class, 4 of
the Black Heart class, 7 of the May Duke class, and 5 of the
Morello class; 3 Almonds, 6 Nuts, 42 Table grapes, 10 Table
and Wine grapes, 17 Wine grapes, 5 Red and White Currant,
1 Black Currant and 1 Mulberry. G

The Number of volumes published by the congress amounts
to eight, forming a useful collection for the pomologist.

| They are printed in the first place for the subscribers, but

may be purchased by the general public.

“

RS RME

Rs 7 PP M ur te do un

ci METTRE

*EELuusrrarien Horncoue.;

POePannemaeker, ax nat nine ie arr

A A SA PTS

J [inden, publ.

td ral. pit

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‘4? Detlann rmaeñer

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. $

PI CLVIL

CEROX YLON ANDICOLA, HUMBOLDT & BONPLAND.

CEROXYLON OF THE ANDES

NAT, ORD. PALMACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from Kmpos, wax, and Evdoy, wood: Wax Palm.

_ ne _. a be Rs spadix pus Free maseuli et hermaphroditi steriles in iisdem

4 ; — masc.: calyx duplex, exterior pusillus, semitrifidus; interior multo major, petaloideus,
triphyllus, foliolis acutis, stamina 12-14 plerumque 12; tria calyci interiori alterna caeteris crassiora ; filamenta Lrorisies antherae
lineares, calyci interiori subaequales; insertio in ima calycis parte incrassata; pistilli rudimentum. — FRE : is TR PME
stylus nullus, stigmata tria, caetera masculorum. — Fem. : calyx precedentium, stamina nulla; drupa globosa, nux conformis pare
crassa, unilocularis, monosperma, basi imperforata; semen conforme; albumen solidum; embryo Le sterall babtiarte.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER: palma excelsissima, inermis, caudice extus cera indurata incrustato, vestigiis elapsorum foliorum
annulato, foliis pinnatis, pinnis subtus peculiari pube argenteis; spatha monophylla, hinc dehiscens, glabra, spadix recurvatus, propen-
dens, ramosissimus, ramis paniculatis. (Hums. et Boxe., Plantes équinoxiales, X, p. 1, t. 1 et 1°").

Ceroxylon andicola. Hume. et Bonpz: 1. c. — Mart. Hist. nat. palm. adn. 314.

Triartea andicola. SPrENGez. — Kunth, enum. plant. II, 196, n° 7.

This splendid Palm-tree, discovered by Humboldt and
Bonpland on the mountain chain of Quindiu, which sepa-
rates the valleys of the rivers Magdalena and Cauca in
New-Granada, in 35, N. lat. is one of the handsomest
members of the vegetable kingdom. It was found, too, by
M. Linden at the Volcano of Tolima, on the Sierra Nevada
of Santa Martha, and also occurs near the top of the peaks
of San Juan, in the vicinity of Guaduas, and probably in
other localities as well. Its habitat on the lofty mountains
has surprised all botanists, for even within the tropics Palms
rarely ascend beyond an altitude of 5000 feet. But it is
otherwise with the Wax Palm, which is not found in the
plains, but, on the contrary, rears its majestic crown of
pinnate leaves upon à lofty, slender stem on the mountain
slopes, at an altitude varying from about 5700 feet to 9250
feet above the sea-level, equal to the height of the pass
of Mont Cenis. It has even been found in à region of far
greater elevation than that of Quinquinas, and its extreme
limit is within about 2500 feet of the region of perpetualsnow.

This beautiful Palm, drawn by Humboldt on the spot,
and reproduced by Turpin in the « Plantes équinoæiales ”
rises straight in the air to a height of more than 190 feet,
forming one of the tallest trees known, and perhaps the

very tallest of the Palm tribe inhabiting tropical America.

Its leaves frequently attain à lenght of 20 feet, supported
by a cylindrical stem from 12 to 18 inches in diameter, swol-
len out at about half its height and again constricted in
the upper part. It is yellow, and smooth as a Bamboo, and
marked with rings or sears below the leaves, resulting from
the dilated base of the petioles. The resinous, WaxXY subst-
ance is found adhering to, and coating
of about one or two lines, between these 11
and melted by the Indians,

sed of two parts of resin, and one part of a substance which
is precipitated in alcohol and possesses all the e «mical pro-
perties of wax: but it is rather more brittle than beeswax.
Mixed with one third of tallow it is said to furnish very
good candles.

much larger quantities. Other advantages

the rind to a thickness |
ings. It iscollected commands our interest
who employ itlike wax to make

| CA es AE of € bility of its bein
their skin shine. According Vauquelin's analysis, it is compo= | account of the possibility of 1ts being

tree. jt will, doubtless, prove one of the grandest introduc-

The spadices of paniculate owers are very much branched,
and from 3 to 4 feet long; some of them bearing male flowers
on their lower part, and half abortive or sterile, male flowers
on their upper part, whilst others bear female flowers, suc-
ceeded by spherical, 1-seeded drupes about half an inch in
diameter, of a violet colour when ripe, and somewhat sugar ;
hence they are sought after by squirrels and birds.

The principal characters upon which the genus Ceroæylon
is founded are, according to Bonpland, an undivided spathe,
separate spadices. for the male and hermaphrodite flowers,
flowers with from 12 to 14 stamens, pistil with 3 styles
and a 1-celled, 1-seeded drupe.
= The closed allied genus /riartea differs in its monœcious
flowers, divided spathe and single style.

Since the discovery of Ceroæylon andicola, several other
wax-yielding Palms have been noted, amongst which we
may mention the Carna-uba, Copernicia cerifera, the object
of some extensive manufactures. Some of the products furn-
ished by this Palm were exhibited at Paris in 1867; and
they may also be seen in the economie museum at Kew.
Myriea cerifera, another wax-bearing tree from Ver Gra-
nada, might compete with Ceroæylon; it yields wax in
| by the
Ceroæylon are its hard, durable wood, which the natives
employ in the construction of their dwellings; its leaves,
which, like those of Cocos butyracea of the Orinoco, serve to
cover boxes; and the fibre at the base of its petioles is used
for similar purposes as that from Arenga saccharifera of
the Molucca Islands, and the Chiqui Palm, Attalea funifera,

of the Amazon, etc.

jt will be seen, then, that this highly ornamental tree
| and admiration not only as an
embellishment for the gardens of the South, but also on
0 -cultivated as a useful

tions from South America, and we may congratulate M. Linden ;
upon his being able to enrich our collections with so noble

nt.
2 Ep. ANDRÉ.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 8

no He Ch ‘

Pl. CLVIIT.

CAMELLIA DON PEDRO.

® war. on. TERNSTRŒMIACEÆ.

For the ETYMOLOGY of the name, and the GENERIC and SPECIFIC CHARACTERS, see Endlicher, Genera plantarum,

5495 et DC. Prodromus, I, 529.

Fi DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETY: A plant of the first rank, with stout branches, supporting large, thick, broadly oval,
serrulate and Res erenulate, shortly mucronate leaves. Flowers admirable, imbricated, regular, with rounded oval, orbicular,

retuse or reniform, slightly apiculate, dist
stripes of a delicate rose. Raised from seeds in Portugal.

ant, fleshy petals, of a beautiful white, here and there faintly painted with longitudinal

The collection of Camellias figured in the Züustration Horticole is already legion. We may add that it is a noble
legion, and for this reason we think it will not be without use to pass them again in review before our readers. The
figures and descriptions may be found by reference to the general index, published at the end of 1873.

A SELECTION OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL CAMELLIAS, FIGURED IN THE « ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. »

Adriana. Vivid rose, with unusually large petals.

Alba ornatissima. Pure white, finely imbricated,

Angelo Cocchi. White ground, slighty tinged with pink and varie-
gated with broad, bright purple bands.

Archidue Etienne, Clear rose, spotted with bright crimson.

Baron de Vrière. Flower beautifully imbricated, lively rose slightly
paler towards the centre.

Bella Romana. Like a gigantic Bizarre Carnation, rose striped with
bright crimson.

Bertha Giglioli. Flower medium, delicate rose veined with a deeper
tint ; petals with a white border; imbrication perfect. :
Caprioli. Flower medium, regularly imbricated ; petals oblong deeply
rétuse, of a beautiful bright carmine, each petal having a broad,
central, longitudinal, white band, the regularity of which gives the

flower a star-like appearance.

Carlotta Peloso. Flower very large, brilliant scarlet red with broad
flakes of white ; imbrication perfect.

Caterina Rossi. Delicate rose, streaked with purple; imbrication
perfect.

Clodia. Flower large, bright crimson, with distant whitish stripes.

Comte de Toll. Good form; delicate rose, veined with carmine and

striped with white.

Comtesse Pasolini. Delicate fresh rose, passing into pure white at the
circumference ; a free bloomer. +

Constantin Tretiakoff. White ground tinged with rose, deeper towards
the centre.

Contessa Tozzoni. Flower regularly imbricated ; pretty bright rose,
shading off to almost pure white towards the margin of the petals.

Cora L. Barton. Pure white ground finely striped with delicate rose.

(To be continued.)

MISCELLANEOUS.

— Te PaLMs or NEwW-CALEDONIA. — At one of the recent
meetings of the Académie des Sciences, M. Brongniart commu-
nicated an interesting paper on the Palms indigenous to
New Caledonia. At some future time we shall refer to this
article in detail, but we may here mention that eighteen
species of the Palm tribe have already been discovered

growing wild on this island, without counting the Cocoa-nut
Palm, Cocos nucifera, which is believed to be an introduced
plant, and has long been in cultivation. The whole of the
_ species belong to the sub-tribe Kentiae, and are distributed
# in three genera by M. Brongniart, namely : the old genus
: Kentia and two new ones of his Own creation; Kentiopsis and
_ Cyphokentia. | |
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF FLORENCE. — The latest
| news we have received from Florence is to the effect that the
… Preparations for this grand floral display are being pushed on
with the greatest activity. Moreover, we ourselves are but

: : _ ocular demonstration. Professor Parlatore

à Garden, putting it in excellent order for the reception of the

: precious phytological collections, which must be finally esta-
pie our places at the opening of the Exhibition. The
pets of methodical classification, and
. highly advantageous for consultation by the scientific man

| is everywhere. |
rs are busily engaged in all parts of the old Botanic |

À enriched, as may be known, by the valable Herbariun.

brought together by Webb, who made a gift of it tothe gay
Tuscan capital. The bust of this erudite and generous bota-
nist will be inaugurated upon the occasion of the forthcom-
ing Horticultural and Botanical Congress, in the same hall,
indeed, where the treasures he collected while living, are
preserved. New glass-houses have been erected in the annex
of the botanic Garden, and on the other side of the covered
walk of Boboli Gardens. Already some new plants have been

_ installed in these houses, so remarkable for the curious old

specimens of different plants they contain. Here, amongst
other curiosities may be seen the finest collection of strong
spécimens of various Plumiera that exists in Europe. The
plants are covered with à profusion of bloom every year.
The locality of the Exhibition will be magnificent. It is

the new Market, a superb edifice, recently built. The Com-

mittee and President are working most assiduously in the

recently returned from thence, and can for PAR On of programmes, competitions, arrangements

for the Congress, Botanical excursions, etc., ete. We are
promised a notice on the Botany of Florence, wich will
be extremly interesting. In -a word, M. Parlatore scarcely
eats or sleeps, We have, therefore, good reasons for believing
that the « City of Flowers , will Surpass itself, and that the

Exhibition of Florence will fulfil the most sanguine hopes

that this beautiful Country has awakened in us.

Ep. ANDRÉ.

PNR TU ES RS AT SR TA TR CN

10

A NEW PEAR,

This excellent variety is of wild origin, having accidentally
sprung up, about forty years ago, in the Park of Lacroix-
de-Bléré, situated in the midst of the fertile country of
Touraine, which has been justly termed « the Garden of
France. » The proprietor, M. Ed. André,
editor of the Zlustration Horticole
has religiously preserved the mother
plant in the dendrological collection
he has been forming there for some
years past. The tree is of vigorous
growth and narrow, erect habit, nearly
all of the branches ascending. Every
second year it produces à crop of se-
veral hectolitres of fruit, having some
resemblance to the Doyenné d'hiver,
and furnishes a capital dessert in
December and January. We have just
tasted some of its fruit sent to us by
M. André, and we are able to say with
certainty that it bears carriage well,
without injury, à valuable quality in
thesé times of exportation of large
quantities to foreign countries.

As itgrows, in a normal state, with-
out having been grafted, trained,
pruned, or otherwise artificially assis-
ted, it produces fruit below the me-
diun size, of an ovoid shape, projecting atthe base. Eye large
and conspicuous, set in a shallow depression; calyx lobes
long, acute and persistent. Stalk from 10 to 12 lines long,
woody, straight and slender, inserted in an abruptly depressed
cavity of moderate depth. The smooth, éven, firm, thick skin
is of a pretty yellow, when ripe, sprinkled with russet spots,

*
9
| THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

DE LACROIX.

| with ongitudinal, narrow bright red streaks
mingled with rose on the best coloured fruits. Flesh
almost white, dense, moderately rich; granular, gritty near
the core, like some of the Crassanes,
juicy, half-melting, sugary,with a very
agreeable flavour, heightened by a
slightly acid taste, leaving a soft aroma
in the mouth.
One might faney that one was eating
a Doyenné d'hiver or a Doyenné d'Alen-
con, with less of their delicate richness
and more aroma.
It comes into season about Christ-
mas and continues until the end of
January, and sometimes even longer.
The fruit is an excellent keeper, and
will prove a great acquisition to our
Winter Pears, We may venture to
assert that it will improve under cul-
tivation, that is to say by grafting and
pruning. It will succeed as a standard
and be valuable for marketing, a great
advantage now-a-days. The develop-
ment of the flavour of the fruit and
the productiveness of the tree, show
that it would flourish even against
an espalier wall of north aspect. We have given the name
of Pear de Lacroix to this good and handsome pear, 10
commemorate the name of the estate where it sprang up
: spontaneously.
| CH. Pavrer,
| Troyes.

RP rt nn Ds pp.

ESSAY ON ACCLIMATIZATION IN TH
| adapted for the production in our regions of adult deve-

custom plants to live and
luences of a fresh climate,
place whence they
matization be

Jsit possible to acclimatize or ac
flourish in the open air under the inf
differing in temperature from that of the
where brought? We reply no, if immediate accli
the aim, and especially if the :
the original and adopted climate are great. But in spite
of these variations, we should look for success if the attempts
at acclimatization are pursued in à rational manner.

Like beings of the animal kingdom, plants acquire consti-
tutions, characters and forms suitable to the climate and
the medium in which nature has placed them. They are
organised, in à normal state, at least, for the region where
they exist, and not for à different one whither they are
suddenly transported. Both plants and animals, when remo=
ved to a new country, should be subjected to artificial me
ditions, approaching as nearly as possible to the climate Fe
the place from whence they came. We will confine ourselves
to plants, and we should say,
they are concerned, that to secure
acclimatization, it is of importance
fruit in the artificial medium supplied. It
say, as we do not possess, Or at least in rare InStà
possess, the material means,

complete, or even partial
that they should bear
is unnecessary to

Ci

divergences in temperature of.

speaking generally, S0 far as

instances only

E VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

lopment and the fruiting stage of the larger tropical plants,
= that we can find no other use for them than to fill and orna-
ment our stoves or form botanical collections, In the present
state ofthe means, actually within our reach, and our limi-
ted knowledge of acclimatization, we will think of adapting
to our cold or temperate regions only those tropical plants
of moderate stature, and especially those that are useful
and arrive easily at maturity. Another time we may discuss
| the inverse question, the acclimatization of plants from cold
= ogions in temperate or hot climates.
- If, supposing we have the means of rearing them, we have
been fc te enough to obtain good seeds of an exotic plant,
_one step; perhaps an important one, has already been taken
towards the acclimatization of that plant. Although placed in
an artificial medium, cheltered from the extreme or relative
xtobts of the new region, the introduced plant, which, we
will suppose, has fruited, must nevertheless, in some measure,
have experienced the influence of the climate. The seed ob-
tained under these conditions, will, as L matter of course,
have suffered the same influence, and if they do not yield a

progenÿ having at once the

HE

characters suitable to the new .
sant lt e some subjects amongst them si
houses and heating apparatus, | Cliantt: AE or Pan _. ee

and erected this little structure for

11

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

12

_

exhibiting variations or changes in form in some : à
organs of the plant. This is a break or disturbance in the
mode of existence of the imported species.

The disturbed subjects, cultivated with especial care, 7
mainly with the aim of gradually accustoming them as pe
as possible to the open air, will in their tar produce See
signalizing another step towards acclimatization. Successive
generations may perhaps accomplish it, or at any te iheÿ
will give issue (especially if some well directed D R'HPANONE
have been brought to their aid.) to hardier varieties that will
perpetuate this valuable character, hardiness, and perhaps
with it other equally desirable qualities.

We observe with regret that a great many trials at accli-
matization have not succeeded; but in almost all cases, if
we look into them, we shall find that it has been because the
essential conditions of success were disregarded. We may
add, too, that acclimatization, said by a many persons to be
impossible, has been seriously followed out by very few.

One part of French territory, the Mediterranean shores,
from Toulon to the Italian boundary, is the scene of some
interesting acclimatizations. Here may be seen in the open
air, and frequently of large size: Livistona australis (Corypha
australis) from Australia; Li-
vistona sinensis (Latania bor-
bonica)China; the Sabat Adan-
soni Of Carolina, which fruits
regularly; Sabal umbraculifera
of the Antilles; Cocos cam-
pestris from Paraguay; nume-
rous Australian species of Dra-
caena OT Cordytine, many of
which fruit; Phoenix reclinata
from Natal, and Ph. patudosa
from India, one specimen of
which has ripened seeds, ete.
We might enumerate a great
many other plants belonging
to different families, all from
countries having a warmer

limate than the coast in
question, but which are never-
theless at home, and for the
greater part mature their
seeds; the Agaves of Mexico:
Phaseolus caracatla from the
East-Indies, with its highly
curious and sweetly fragrant
flowers ; various species of
Abutilon from Brazil and Pe- Z
ru, Daubentonia from Mexico,
the exceedingly pretty Cran-
thus from Australia, Kennedya

Summer House of
rtial to artificial illusions
ing to the school of archi-

= Although we are by no means pa
and pride ourselves upon belong
tecture termed honest, there are cases in which we recom-
Mend imitations, and this kiosk is an example of them. It is
constructed of rustic ironwork in imitation of wood, both in
form, and in the colour of the paint employed. We designed
one of our customers in
frame, was invented by
cquemin. The roof is of

… Guernsey. The ironwork forming the
. a skilful Parisian manufacturer, M.Ja

and numerous species of Acacia from the same country ;
the Ærythrina Crista-Galli from Buenos-Ayres; various
beautiful Cassiae from South America; the large Australian
venus Eucatyptus, the trees of the future for te South
of Europe: the elegant and beautiful Casuarinae from Aus-
tralia and the Pacific Islands, etc., etc.

All these different plants are naturalized in their new home
in a temperature below that of their respective native
countries. They prove that plants as well as animals possess
sufficient vital power to accommodate themselves to new con-
ditions of climate and different nourishment. This accli-
matization, we believe, is particularly interesting, well
worthy of note in its progress, and as affording instruction
on the question under consideration. Let us add, likewise,
that it is facihtated or rendered possible on the coast from
Toulon to Nice by a certain regularity of temperature
that prevails, extreme and sudden changes of temperature
being very uncommon. The never very rigorous winter is
gradually and slowly ushered in, and gently, by small degrees
plants become exposed to a low temperature. Thus, for
instance Livistona sinensis and L. austratis will bear a
frost of 5° or 6° Fahrenheit, or even more, with impunity.
It is with these as with so ma-
ny other exotic plants quoted
above; their tissues are little
by little habituated to the
lowering of the temperature,
slowly and serviceably hard-
ened, and thus prepared to
support without an
abatement of temperature that
would destroy the same plants
if it came

harm ,

suddenly upon
them in their native coun-
try. It appears to us by no
means impossible that some,
at least, of the plants noted
above as acclimatized on the
Mediterranean coast, may, in
course Of time, through a
succession of generations, give
birth to à race sufficiently
hardy to justify an attempt to
acclimatize them more to the
North, in a climate with a
temperature still further re-
moved from that to which
their early progenitors were
accustomed in their native
country.

Narpy senior.

Hyères.

Rustie Ironwork.

zinc, and the basement is inclosed with sheet iron, resting
upon three courses of brickwork, concealed b

One might build this little orn
ground without the aid of

yclimbing plants.
ament for the pleasure
an architect, by means of the
drawing given above, which we had executed by Parisian
builders, Messrs. André and Fleury. It is needless to add.
that the same design might be reproduced |

in whole wood,
by giving more substance to secure

sufficient strength.
Ep, A.

13 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 14

MISCELLANEOUS.

NEW CALEDONIAN ELÆOCARPI.

New Caledonia is incontestably one of the isolated spots of
the globe, still very little explored, which might afford
many valuable additions to our gardéns. The rich collections
of dried plants, formed within the last fifteen years, by Messrs.
Vieillard, Pancher and Balansa, the principal French ex-
plorers of this Island, contain upwards of 2000 species. Certain
genera and groups of species are endemic or peculiar to this
country, few of them occurring on the mainland of Aus-
tralia, the nearest land of great extent. The Flora has greater
afinity with the vegetation of the Malayan Islands, and the
future will probably prove the hypothesis which one might,
from this circumstance, advance with regard to New-Guinea.
Some forms, although new as species or genera, have closely
allied representatives in very distant parts of the world.
Thus, to confine ourselves to one or two examples, it is rather
remarkable to find a monotypic genus, Cunonia capensis
Thunb., of which no congener had previously been discovered,
deal enriched by five new species, all New Caledonian.
Another interesting type, the genus Ælaeocarpus, does not
offer the same anomaly, because it is widely dispersed in

India, the neighbouring islands, Australia, and the islands of

South Africa; but all the New Caledonian species are distinct.
À genus, Crinodendron, of a single species, native of Chili,
that scarcely differs generically from Ætaeocarpus, having a
capsular instead of a drupaceous fruit, furnishes an ana-
logous instance of isolation to that of the single species
Of Cunonia at the Cape of Good Hope. !
The number of published species of Ælaeocarpus is consi-

derable, exceeding 70. By adding 15 species, subsequently |

published by Messrs. Brongniart and Gris and 5 or 6 forms
still inedited, we have very nearly a hundred species. But
the number of New Caledonian species is proportionately
very large, since, independently of the new recruits which
we may reasonably assume to exist in the unexplored parts of
this Australiän Colony, she claims a fourth of the known
species of this beautiful genus of Tiliaceae.

In general, these plants possess little interest from an
ornamental point of view, hence they are rarely seen in
cultivation. They are trees of diverse habit, for the greater
part with elegant foliage; but their small, racemose flowers
are not particularly striking and attract only the botanist.
Nevertheless, a section of this genus (Monocera) which is scar-
cely admitted now, is comprised chiefly of trees remarkable
for the amplitude and sometimes for the silvery tint of their
‘foliage, as well as the brilliancy of their flowers. The Fiora
Vitiensis of the energetic and lamented Seemann, a distin-
guished botanical traveller, contains à figure of one species

of this group ?, which gives an idea of the beauty of these

1 Crinodendron is united with Tricuspidaria by Messrs. Hooker and
Bentham, who discovered that it had been incorrectly described, the
calyx, which splits and falls away early, having been overlooked, the
petals described as sepals, and the fleshy lobes of the disk as petals.
Tricuspidaria is distinguished by its truncate calyx, regularly 2 lobed
or toothed petals and dehiscent, capsular seed-vessel, W,. B. H.

2 Flora vitiensis, fase. I. -

plants. It is the Æ. Storckii, Seem. The rosy-carmine flowers
owe their colour in part to the calyx and in part to the
corolla, of which the top is rose and the base yellowish. They
are arranged in drooping racemes, encircling the upper part
of the branches, which terminate in tufts of entire, coriaceous
leaves, adding greatly to the effect of the flowers they crown.
E. speciosus, Ad. Br. & Gris, must be placed near the species
to which we have just referred : but this has silvery leaves,
silky beneath, with conspicuous secondary penninerves. It
is a magnificent tree, about 25 feet high, says M. Vieillard,
À second species, Æ. geminifiorus, Ad. Br, & Gris, has much
larger, but less numerous flowers than the preceding: the
silky petals are very finely fringed, and the leaves remar-
kably tumid. Unfortunately the collectors have not indicated
the colour of the flowers, and it cannot be ascertained from
dried specimens. This tree, according to M. Balansa, attains
a height of 50 feet, and is pretty general in the island.
The Museum garden received seeds from M. Pancher
some 10 or 12 years ago, and since that time one species,
£. persicaefotius, Ad. Br. & Gris, has proved that this class
of plants succeed very well in a cool house.

Itis nearly impossible to pass without mention a splendid
new genus (Dubousetia) of the Etacocarpeae, after having
treated of the type of this suborder, especially as this génus
is almost inseparable from it, and in its botanical characters
comes close to Crinodendron, the fruit of which is something

similar, The peculiarity is in the development of the tissue

answering to the chalaza of seeds, which is such, that each
seed, when mature, is provided with a variously twisted
vermicular appendage. Dubouzetia campanutata of Pancher
is a shrub from 3 to 6 feet high, with alternate, narrow, cu-
ueate leaves, tomentose below. As in the Ætacocarpus before
mentioned, they are clustered at the top of the branches, and
from their midst rise the peduncles, each bearing a solitary
flower, of the size of Anemone pulsatilla. The calyx consists
of 5 divisions, inclosing 5 entire petals, considerably longer
than the sepals and of à beautiful red colour, which is re-
tained by the dried specimens. The numerous stamens (35 to
40) have long, yellow anthers, opening at thetip, as in
Elaeocarpus.

This magnificent plant was sent to the Museum herbarium
by M. Pancher in 1860, under the name which has been
adopted for it. It is indisputably the most striking member
of the group Elueocarpeae, and its culture would probably be
no more difficult than for the species of Ætaeocarpus itself.

Two other species of Dubousetia have been described, but
they are far from equalling their congener in elegance and in
the size of their flowers. M. Pancher dedicated this superb
plant to rear-admiral Dubouzet, then governor of New-Cale-
donia.

- J. Porssox.

? Nouv. Archives du Mus., vol. IV, p. 34, pl. 18.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 16

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Le Fraisier (the Strawberry

In 1863, one of the most distinguished writers for the
Horticultural Press, Count Leonce de Lambertye, published
a complete treatise on the Strawberry. This book was à
great success. It constituted a monography at once botanical,
historical and cultural, elaborated by à rare genius for
co-ordination, and containing practical instructions based
upon the personal experience of the author.

Up to that period, the publications on the Strawberry
were limited to a few special works and some scattered
papers in the periodical Reviews and Bulletins of Horti-
cultural Societies. The old authors, such as Claude Mollet
and La Quintinye, said little about them, and the only
varieties known were the Alpine and Hautbois; but they
were already the objects of skilful culture.

In 1776 the « Histoire naturelle du Fraisier » by Duchesne
appeared, an excellent book, which gave a great impulse to
the cultivation of the Strawberry. It enumerated ten races of
Strawberries, founded mainly on those then just published by
Miller in his Gardeners’ Dictionary, which had then reach-
ed its seventh edition, and may justly pass as the most
complete horticultural treatise of its period. Miller described :
the Wood Strawberry, red and white varieties, the Virginian
Scarlet, another variety from Louisiana ; the Alpine Straw-
berry, which is no other than the “ Fraise de tous les mois »
of the French, known since that epoch by the Dutch under
the name of Fraise perpétuelle ; the Hautbois, an European
variety descended from Fragaria elatior, which Miller erro-

neously believed to have come from America; and the Chili.

Strawberry, brought from that country in 1712 by Frézier,
. who sent it at first to the king's garden at Paris. From
thence it passed over to Holland, to Mr George Clifford of
Amsterdam, whence Miller introduced it into England, in 1727.

Up to Poiteau (Arbres Fruitiers, 1807 to 1836) there was
little change. At that period 25 varieties of the Strawberry
were grown.

But in England, through the introduction of the American
Strawberries, and the varieties of seedling origin, great pro-
gress had already been made. Lindley's Guide in 1837 con-

Their culture improved likewise. Count Le Lieur, in the
Pomone française (1842), brought it to such a point that his
method is considered the best even to this day. Fortunate

L à

Plant) by the Count de Lambertye.

acquisitions succeeded each other, and already in 1842 the
catalogue of the Agricultural Society in London included
115varieties, divided into 7 classes. The same year a German,
author, Legeler, published in Berlin a manual of forcing (die
Treiberei) wherein he treated of the Strawberry. M. Courtois-
Gerard, 1843, gives tolerably ample information on this
subject in his Manuel pratique du jardinage. A long series
of articles in diverse publications rapidly swell the sum of
our knowledge of Strawberries.

In 1858, M. Mac Ewen, a young gardener of great merit,
whom death removed at the very moment he was appointed
Director of the London Horticultural Society's gardens,
published a pamphlet of 30 pages on the culture of the Straw-
berry, à work of great excellence, causing a keen regret for
the loss of its author. The knowledge hitherto amassed was

now augmented by the results of the labours in hybridisation

of M. de Spreckelsen, a gardener of Hamburg, on Fragaria
tucida, which appeared as though it would cross with the
biferous Strawberries, a hope which has not since been
realised.

A year later, in 1859, Messrs. Koch and Fintelmann of Ber-
lin and Potsdam, published in the Wochenschrift a list of
100 varieties of Strawberries, from which about 50 varieties
of slender merits should now be eliminated.

Since then, various works devoted to the Strawberry have
seen the light, and amongst the best we must mention those
of M. Robine, who possess a fine collection, and M. Gloede’s
book.

Count de Lambertye has maintained his position in the
first rank amongst his confreres on this interesting subject.
The book he has just published is the second edition of the
treatise of 1863, and is improved by the knowledge and
experience of the last decade; but the author has deemed it
advisable to condense it, making of the whole a popular
cheap edition. We cannot too highly recommend its perusal:
it is in fact a vade mecum without which a gardener’s library
is not complete. The best praise we can bestow upon it
is that its usefulness is equal to that of other works by the
Count de Lambertye, a respected teacher, who utilizes in
the most noble manner the leisure hours of a retired life in
the country. |

Ep. ANDRÉ.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 18

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

February, 1874.
— Tue éenus Tux, 8y D° ReGEL. — In the number
of the Gartenflora for October, 1873, which we have only just

received, we find a noteworthy article from the pen of our

learned friend, D° Regel, on the genus Tulipa, including
the description of a new species, ?. Greigiüi, Rgl. This beau-
tiful species is characterized by its dwarf habit and broad,
spreading leaves, which are scarcely borne above the surface
of the ground, and are elegantly variegated with longitudinal
brown stains. A solitary flower, of the most lovely red colour,
with broad outer, and less acute inner perianth-segments,
surmounts the foliage, forming altogether an ornamental
plant of the first rank, designated the Queen of Tutips by
D' Regel. It is a native of Turkestan, and has been dedicated
to one of the most learned and most amiable of Russian
gentlemen, General Greig, President of the Horticultural
Society of S* Petersburgh, whose warm reception, on the
occasion of our journey to Russia in 1869, we recall with
pleasure.

The Conspectus of the genus, as drawn up by Regel, com-
prises 26 species, and deserves perusal. We hope to be able
to speak more fully of it upon some future occasion.

— PITCAIRNIA ANDREANA. — The same number of the
Gartenflora contains a figure and description of this new
.Bromeliaceous plant, under the name of P. tepidota; but
M. Linden had already named it after us in the August
number ofthe JUustration Horticole. Probably D' Regel had
not seen that number when he gave the plant another name,
subsequent to the publication of the species.

— À Correction. — We also find in the above-named
journal, in an article by M. Jäger, at page 304, that we are
accredited with the re-modelling of the Prater at Vienna.
This is quite a mistake; for we have never been called to
Vienna, and have had nothing whatever to do with the
works that have been executed there. M. Jäger has, more-
over, glossed his work over with personal remarks on the
art of modern gardening, which we intend dealing with at
another time in a separate article.

— Tue Guaco AND THE CEDRON. — In a paper, recently
presented to the Société d'Acclimatation, on these two Amer-
ican products, M. Torres-Caïcedo, has critically investigated
the marvellous virtues ascribed to these plants in the pop-
‘ular legends of Colombia. From the result of his studies,
it appears that if the febrifugal properties of Simaba cedron
are incontrovertible, as we have recently shown, there is
considerable doubt regarding the efficacy of these plants
as antidotes to the bites of venomous reptiles. Such, at
least, is the opinion held by M. Torres-Caïcedo.

The Guaco is furnished by à Composite plant, named
Mihania Guaco. It has been known from the most remote
times by the aboriginal inhabitants of Choco, Colombia.
In 1788 its reputed medical properties were revealed to Mutis,

who was then engaged upon a botanical investigation of

that country. À young negro called Matiz, permitted him-

self to be bitten by a dangerous snake, the Taya-Echis, hav-
ing previously been inoculated in some slight skin wounds,
with the Guaco, and he experienced no ill consequences.
But we may question whether the venom of the snake had
not been enfeebled by previous bites, and neutralized by
sucking the wounds made, after the experiment. There seems
to have been good cause to dispute the virtues claimed for
this plant, as well as for many others where fiction has taken
the place of fact.

Note. — Guaco appears to be a generic name for several]
plants popularly believed to possess the property of curing
the bite of snakes. In English works, Aristolochia Guaco or
Aristolochia anguicida is mentioned as the true Guaco, It
is stated that so satisfied are the natives of Peru, Central
America, and Mexico of its extraordinary medicinal powers
and specific virtues in cases of snake bite, that every Indian
or Negro, who has to traverse the country, invariably carries
a supply of this plant to be prepared for any accident that
may befall him throngh inadvertently placing his foot upon
one of these dreaded and deadly foes of mankind. The term
Guaco appears to be, or to have been, applied to the poi-
sonons product of a member of the Convolvulus family in
Mexico. It is a curious fact, and worthy of remark, that
different species of Aristolochia are popularly supposed to

cure the bite of snakes in the most distant parts of the

world, both in Asia and America. But the appalling figures
we annually receive from India of the number of persons who
succumb to the bites of venomons reptiles seem to discredit

the possibility of the existence of ay effectual remedy.

— IMPORTATION OF SEEDS 0F XANTHOCERAS. — The few
seeds of this tree that ripened in the Museum garden of
Paris, last year, would not suffice to distribute it so widely
as we could wish. It is, therefore, with pleasure that we
communicate the fact that the French minister in China,

M. L. de Geofroy, has sent a parcel of seed collected from

two large trees growing in the garden of the Legation at
Tche-foo. The only thing to be feared is that, from the oily
nature of the albumen the seeds will decay and lose their
germinating powers during so long a transit.

— Tue Borpu. — For several years past there has been a
great deal of talk about a plant imported under this name

from Chili, and said to possess valuable healing properties

in cases of diseases of the liver. Experiments to test its

efficacy, undertaken at the instigation of the Chilian Govern-
ment, resulted, it is said, conclusively in its favour. We call

the attention of the Faculty to this intelligence.

The Boïdu is a member of the Monimiaceæ, a small natu-
ral order of trees and shrubs, remarkable for their aromatic
secretions. It has been variously named by different authors,
Boldoa fragrans, Gay, being generally admitted. Jussieu
called it Botdea, Pavon, Ruizia fragrans, and Persoon and

Sprengel Peumus fragrans. It isa small, evergreen, aromat-

L1

19

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. s

——>

ic tree; branches tomentose when young; leaves oval, ob-
tuse, coriaceous, shortly petiolate; flowers white, exhaling
an agreeable perfume, arranged in terminal or occasionally
axillary panicles, clothed with a whitish indumentum and
provided with small, caducous bracts. The fruit consists of
several-seeded, fleshy, yellowish-green, edible drupes. In its
native country the bark is used for tanning, and the wood
is considered the best for making charcoal.

Boldu or Botdo is the trivial name of this tree in Chili.
According to Gay it is found in the mountaimnous, maritime
districts of that country.

If the qualities attributed to this plant prove such as
they have been described, it will speedily gain à great rep-
utation. It is to be hoped that the seeds recently transmit-
ted by M. Brenier de Montmorand to the Société d'acclimata-
tion will lead to the means of solving the question.

— Bamsoos. — In the Mediterranean region, these val-
uable reeds are just beginning to be appreciated according
to their real worth. The time is not far distant when they
may be utilized on a large scale in the manufactures. M. Au-
zende recently obtained plants of Bambusa mitis, nigra and
Thouarsii, which in five months have attained quite a gigantic
size, the first two exceeding 23 feet in height, and having
borne without injury 14 degrees (Fahrenheit) of frost. B.
Thouarsii, as also B. fleœuosa succumbed to 10 degrees. From

these results we cannot too strongly recommend our readers

to try the cultivation of these beautiful and useful plants.
— Itis not so generally known as it might be that several
species of this genus succeed very well in the open air in
the south-west of England and Ireland. Sheltered spots
should be chosen for them. B. fatcata, (syn. Arundinaria
f'alcata) is reported to be the hardiest, growing 15 to 20 feet
high in favourable localities, W. B. H.

— Exrmrmox or Wixes iv Lonpox 1 1874. — The per-
manent Universal Exhibition of London includes this year
the Wines of all countries. The Committee of Organization
invite all foreign and colonial manufacturers to exhibit their
products as fully as possible, calling special attention to
Australian wines, which are still too little known in Europe.
It is desired also that specimens of the soil in which the

. vines are cultivated should accompany the samples, as well

as information respecting the climate, ripening of the grapes,
method of making and maturing of the wines, the proportion
of saccharine or alcohol, duties on wines
ete., ete |

— DesrruoTiox 0r PayrLoxera VASTATRIX

, Produce per acre,

Mt | .— Weare
requested to state that the prize of 20,000 francs (about

| £ 800), instituted by the French Ministry of Agriculture, has

— Wave or Te IsaBeuza GRape. — In December last,
a member of the Académie des Sciences of Paris, M. Becque-
rel, presented a sample of the liquor made from this variety
of American grape to the Société centrale d'Agricutture.
He prepared it by crushing the berries and steeping them in
brandy, afterwards filtering the juice and adding sugar. It
possesses à peculiar flavour, which has given rise to the
name of Raisin cassis, Black Currant Grape, for this variety,
long cultivated on account of its ornamental foliage.

— DISTRIBUTION OF AWARDS TO THE SUCCESSFUL EXHI-
BITORS AT THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF VIENNA. —
The ceremony of formally presenting the Prize Medals, etc.,
gained by Belgian competitors at the Universal Exhibition
of Vienna, took place at Brussels on the 8t* ïinst., in the
presence of the Royal family, Ministers of State, etc.

The only “ Dipioma of Honour , given for Belgian Horti-
culture was awarded to M. J. Linden, who, in addition
to this highest distinction, obtained two medals “ for Pro-
gress ,, and two medals “ for Merit ;, one of which was for :
the Zustration Horticole.

— Hormicuzruras Exurgrrions 1N BezGIUM. — The next
exhibition of the Société Royale de Flore of Brussels, will
take place on the 5, 6, and 7 of April. The Grand Prix is
reserved for a special competition in plants with ornamental
foliage.

The 21“ exhibition of the Société Royale d'Horticulture,
of Liege will take place on the 12 and 13 of April next, in
the Riding school, Manège de la Fontaine, Rue Louhienne,
Liege.

The Society will also organise another exhibition towards
the end of June, specially devoted to floriculture, of which
Roses will form the principal feature.

— Exigrrioxs or rue Rovar Boranic Socrerx, RE-
GENT'S PABk. — The Shows of Plants, Flowers and Fruit
are appointed for March 25, April 22, May 20, June 10 and
June 24, each exhibition for one day only. :

— M. Guern-Ménevinze. — Although this learned man
directed his studies mainly in zoological channels, he still
belongs to Horticulture, on account of his works on garden
entomology; and for this reason we here pay à tribute of
gratitude to his memory. He was born towards the end of
the last century, and was one of Cuviers pupils. From 1829
to 1838 he published the splendid work, entitled “ Zconogra-
Phie du règne animal , of Cuvier. More recently, he produced
some remarkable works on the insects of the Grape-vine,
Beet-root, Olive, Cereals and various trees. To him we owe
our knowledge of the Oak silk-worm, and he zealously propa-
gated the Aïlantus worm. He led a very laborious life,
and he leaves the name of a scholar, whose years are counted
by his valuable and scientific works.

E. À.

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21 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 22

PL. CLIX.

ANTHURIUM FLORIBUNDUM, 1iNDEN & ANDRÉ.

MANY-FLOWERED ANTHURIUM.

NAT. ORD. AROIDEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from ‘av9::, à flower, and s5pà, a tail, in reference to. the arrangement of the flowers on à spadix.

GENERIC CHARACTER : Spatha abbreviata reflexa persistens. Spadix subsessilis cylindricus floribus hermaphroditis obsitus.
Perigonium tetraphyllum. Sfamina 4 perigonü foliolis opposita, filamentis linearibus complanatis, antheris bilocularibus. Ovula in
loculis bina collateralia ex apice axeos pendula anatropa. Sfigma sessile oblongum. Bacca bilocularis di-tetra-sperma. Semina albu-
minosa inversa. Embryo in axi albuminis parce carnosi orthotropus, extremitate radiculari supera. ?

Herbae americanae tropicae subacaules erectae v. scandentes, folüs palmatis digitatis v. saepius lobis lateratibus abortivis specie
intregris; petiolis apice tumidis, vaginis stipularibus (in speciminibus floriferis) cum petiolo alternantibus persistentibus.

Expuicn. Gex. PI. 1702.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : folia in caule brevi recto haud scandente alterne inserta: petioli erecti vaginati supra medium
attenuati graciles obscure quadranguli subalati, apice in geniculum erectum striato-sulcatum incrassati, in costam subtus prominen-

tem producti, lamina erecta pergamenea oblique lanceoJata nervis pinnatis supra haud elevatis subtus prominentibus; scapi plures
graciles foliis breviores apice clavati; spatha erecta membranacea, ovato-cucullata acutissima eburnea persistens, spadicem amentaceum
cylindraceum erectum album lineis nigris quadratis spiraliter pictum; ovarium obscure 4-5 gonum, apice peltatum mucronatum, an-
therae liberae oblongae clavatae nigro-capitatae; baccae....? — In Nova-Granata. — Ad vivum florentum descripsi in horto Lindeniano.

— Er. A. °
Anthurium floribundum, Lind. et André.

A pretty little species, of uncommon habit in the genus
to which it belongs. We have noticed it in M. Linden’s
establishment for the past two years, where it commenced
to flower before it had scarcely any leaves. The flowers
indeed form its principal attraction, in which respect it is
somewhat peculiar in a family, composed chiefly of plants
remarkable for their ornamental foliage or coloured spathes.
It is a native of New Granada.

It bears several alternate, erect, lanceolate leaves on a
short stem; petiole sheathing from the base upwards through
nearly the whole of its length, the upper part attenuated,
obscurely winged or quadrangular, terminating in an erect,
prominently furrowed and striped articulation; midrib thick,
prominent below.

Numerous slender scapes, shorter than the leaves, soon
make their appearance, each supporting an upright, cucul-

late, acutely acuminate, ivory-white spathe, in the midst of
which rises the cylindrical spadix, bearing hermaphrodite,
white flowers, spirally marked with black lines. The effect
of these small, though pretty flowers is very singular, and
we have seen nothing resembling them in this numerous
family, although it is so rich in elegant and curious forms.
The plant is easily cultivated, succeeding well in à warm
greenhouse, where its flowers profusely every season. We
have not yet seen the seeds, and the flowers, which we have
several times examined, have always been in so young a
stage that we have hesitated a long time before deciding
that it should be referred to Anthurium rather than Spathi-
phyllum, having experienced the greatest difficulty in deter-
mining the number of stamens, the presence or absence of
a perianth, and not having seen the ovary in a sufficiently
advanced state to examine its cells. A

nes eesese ne

FLORICULTURE.

PRESERVATION OF CUT FLOWERS.

À chemist of Montreuil-sous-bois (Seine), M. Fremont,
says that he has discovered the means of preserving cut
flowers fresh for more than a fortnight. To effect this he
adds a small quantity of sal-ammoniac or chlorohydrate of
ammonia to the water in which the flowers are placed. It
should be mixed in the proportion of three quarters ofa

drachm (40 grains) of sakammoniac to a pint of water. We

shall try this plan ourselves, and we request our readers
to do so likewise. It will be worth trying whether aZ1 flowers,
including those that wither immediately after being cut,
even when placed in water, will experience beneficial effects

from this preservative. If so it will prove a valuable dis-
COvEry.
F P.E.

Chloride of sodium or commo salt, in a small quantity,
possesses the same property of prolonging the freshness of
cut flowers, or at least, some kinds of flowers. Probably the
agency is indirect, and due to the arrest of putrefaction of
the water, rather than to the supply of saline matter as food
or à direct preservative.

:, 48 : À

SE
Le

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. à

PI. CIX.
LASIANDRA LEPIDOTA, NauDiN.

SCALY LASIANDRA,

NAT. OR. MELASTOMACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from izw:, woolly and ap, #vèpss, 8 male, a stamen, — wooily stamens.

GENERIC CHARACTER : calyæ tubo subcampanulato, libero, limbi quinquepartiti lobis angustis, acuminatis. Corollae _petala 5,
calycis fauci inserta, ejusdem lobis alterna, obovata. Sfamina 10, cum petalis inserta; PRnNe ri v. saepius pilosa, anthereé
elongatae, breviter rostratae, uniporosae, connectivo basi intus varie biauriculato. Ovarium basi calyci Ppoahisarens, superne liberum,
setis coronatum, quinqueloculare, loculis-multiovulatis. Séylus filiformis; stigma punctiforme. Capsula intra calycem libera v. leviter
adnata, quinquelocularis, apice loculicide quinquerimosa. Semina plurima, reniformi-oblonga, punctata, umbilico basilari. — Arbores
v. saepius frutices, in America tropica crescentes, plus minus setosi v. strigosi, ligno molli, fragili; ramis tetragonis, foliis oppositis
v. verticillatis, integerrimis, 3-5 nerviis, floribus terminalibus, paniculatis, speciosis, violaceis, roseis, rubris v. puniceis, singulis
ante anthesim bractearum convexarum pari mox deciduo inclusis.

Lasiandra, DC. Prodr., IL, 127.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : frutescens, erecta: caules subteretes superne ramosi lepidoto-strigillosi; folia ovata acuta integer-
rima 5-nervia, 3-5 cent. longa, 2-3 .lata, utraque pagina sed superiore praesertim dense-strigilloso-setosa, nervis subtus setoso-le-
pidotis, petiolo subcentimetrali ; flores ad apices ramulorum glomerati, bractea quadruplici basi fulcrati; calyx setis lepidotis dense
vestitus, dentibus tubi oblongi duplo brevioribus triangularibus acutis; petala late obovato-subemarginata ciliata, 2-3 cent. longa et
lata, vivide purpurea unguiculo albo: stamina subconformia connectivo ad insertionem filamenti barbato, pilis in fasciculos duos
nonnihil divisis, filamento medium versus pilis aliquot divaricatis ornato; stylus glaberrimus. — Crescit in Peruvia (Moyobamba), in
Nova-Granata (Quetame, Susamuco, prope Rio-Negro Antioquiarum) et in Brasilia (Goyaz). — Charact. pro maxima parte e clar.

Naudinï descriptione, partim ad plantam vivam in horto Lindeniano desumptis. — Ep. A.

Lasiandra lepidota, Naudin, Melastom, p. 155.
— barbigera, Naud. ibid. (fide Triana).

Pleroma barbigerum, var. lepidotum, Triana, in Trans. of the Linn. Soc. Lond., XXVIIL, p. 45.

This plant was sent to M. Linden in 1867, from the prov-
_ince of Antioquia, New Granada; and the first part of the
description was taken from living plants in 1871. It inhabits
the cold regions of the Cordillera of the Andes. Isolated
spécimens were found by M. Linden even in the most exposed
parts of the terrible Paramos (snow plains) of Zumbador and
Almorzadero in the province of Pampluna, Santander, where
men and horses perish in the fearful tornados which lay
this country waste. Under the influence of these dreadful
Storms, the bark of this shrub is torn away in long strips,
hence the native name of site cueros or seven skins.
We hesitated at first to unite it with the Lasiandra lepidota
of Naudin, and the more so as the extremely fugacious fow-
ers did not reach usin a satisfactory state for examination.
But after comparing it with the other species described and
reviewed by M. Triana in his admirable monograph of the
Melastomacene, we are unable to connect it with any other
type, and consequently we shall retain the present name for
it so long as we have no proof that our identification is
erroneous. We give the description that we made of this
plant in 1871, at least in part, with the addition of the
_ Sowers as represented in the portrait : :

A bushy shrub, with numerous Slender branches: bark

of a reddish brown intermingled with white on the older

branches, and separating longitudinally; young branches
terete or obscurely tetragonal, with a green ground, clothed
with small, bright red, truncate scales, appressed at the
base, erect änd acute on the margin of the petiole and leaf
and on the nerves of the under surface of the leaf; petiole
about 5 lines long, flattened above: blade of the leaf ovate,
acuminate entire, apex recurved, with 3 parallel, depressed
yellowish nerves, the lateral confluent and about 2 lines
from the margin. The colour of the leaf is a beautiful, deep
green on which the closely appressed hairs are distinguish-
able, giving the surface the appearance of a cat’s tongue. The
under surface is paler, covered with light brown scales, and
the whitish nerves very much elevated. The small bracts
between the petioles are erect and acute.
Flowers about 2 inches in diameter, of the most beautiful,

bright carmine red, changing to white towards the base of
the petals. Calyx caducous, and not observed by us; corolla

_composed of 5, obovate, flat petals. The stamens with white

filaments, and very long, yellow, recurved anthers.

Now that this handsome plant has produced flowers it will
be propagated and distributed. We are all the more pleased
withit, because its natural habitat, at a considerable altitude,
indicates that it will flourish in a cool house; and plants of
this Order are far too rare in cultivation. E.A.

Game

de À Stroobant à

Ctab Chrono.

PDeDannemaeker, ad nat. pirx tn

À Linden , |

25 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 26

PL. CLXI.
PRITCHARDIA PACIFICA, sREMaNx.

PACIFIC ISLANDS PRITCHARDIA.

NAT. ORD. PALMACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : Dedicated by Berthold Seemann to W. Pritchard, author of « Polynesian Reminiscen ses », and traveller in Oceania.
GENERIC CHARACTER: Flores hermaphroditi, sessiles. Spathae «, cylindricae subcompletne. Perigonium exterius campa-
nulatum, 3-denticulatum, interius 3-phyllum, phyllis basi truncato-cordatis cum staminum cylindro connatis, deciduis, praefloratione
valvata. Sfamina 6 subaequalia, filamentis in tubum brevem connatis, antice liberis lanceolatisque, antheris oblongo-lanceolatis
dorso affixis. Qvarium triloculare, ovulis basi affixis. Slyli apicales, uniti, Drupa bac caeformis, 1-cocca, endocarpio tenui. Atbumen
aequabile, per chalazam et raphem in latere ventrali laevissime impressum. Embryo dorsale, paululum supra basim positum. —

Arbores erectae, inermés, frondibus flabelliformibus, palmatisectis, petiolis inermibus, spadicibus lateralibus, longe pedunculatis.
paniculato-duplicato vel triplicato-ramosis. (Sxemaxx, Flora vitiensis, p. 278.) .
SPECIFIC CHARACTER: frondium segmenta circa 90; baccne magnitudine fructus Pruni spinosae.
Pritchardia pacifica, Seemann et H. Wendland, in Bonplandia, v. IX (1861), p. 260, et v. X (1862), pp. 157, 310, t. 15

— Seem., For. vit., p. 278.

Up to the present time, there are three known, described
species of this magnificent genus of Palms, namely : P. pacif-
ica, Seem. and Wendl., P. Marti, Wendl., and P, Gaudi-
chaudii, Wendl., to which may be added, P. fitifera, exhib-
ited at Ghent, in 1873, by M. Linden. And perhaps also
a fifth species, recently received from the Sandwich Islands,
bat of which the young, living plants are yet insufiiciently
developed for examination. Pritchardia pacifica was discov-
ered by the late Berthold Seemann in the Fiji or Viti
Islands, and elsewhere in Polynesia. It is one of the hand-
* somest Palms in existence, not so much on account of great
stature as of beauty in form. It belongs to the class so much
sought after in England termed Fan Palms, from the shape
of their leaves. |

Its trunk reaches a height of about 30 to 35 feet, with a
diameter of 1 foot. It is straight and even throughout, devoid
of spines, and bearing at its summit a magnificent, regu-
larly globular crown of some twenty large leaves, supported
on spineless petioles, 3 to 4 feet long, and clothed with a
brown fibre at the base. The blade of the leaf is rounded
atthe base, when young covered with a dirty-white down,
and eventually forming a fan 5 feet broad by 4 feet long.
From the axils of the leaves proceed the somewhat fragile
spathes, which soon split to pieces and fall off. The inflor-
escence never appears below the base of the crown. The
spadix is about 3 feet long, solid and straight, bearing
numerous hermaphrodite flowers, of a yellowish brown hue,

succeeded by fleshy drupes, about half an inch in diameter,

resembling the sloe in colour, or, as has been stated, exactly
like the black heart cherry. The pulp of the mesocarp is of
an astringent taste.

Seeds were imported into Europe and Australia by See-
mann, and they germinate very freely, so that the plant is
already beginning to spread.

The natives of Polynesia call this tree Viu or Sakiki or

Viu Masei and in Tonga Island Biu. They make very choice
fans, under, the name of ai viu or tri masei from the leaves,
which only the chiefs or persons of distinction are allowed
to use. À similar custom is observed in Ceylon, where the
leaves of the Talipot Palm (Corypha umbracutifera), are em-
ployed for the same purposes. The general community con-
tent themselves with fans and parasols made from Pandanus
caricosus. The fans of Pritchardia are from 2 to 3 feet in
diameter, the border surrounded by a flexible reed. It is
also used as an umbrella and sunshade, and the wood of
this tree is employed in building.

The Palm spoken of by Forster as Corypha umbracutifera
is probably Pritchardia pacifica, and there is no doubt, says

‘Seemann, that the plant found by Bennet, under the name

Of Vahana, in the Marquesas Islands, is the same, Bennet
adds that it grows in Timor also, where they make Today
of it, but in this case he probably confounds it with Co-
rypha umbraculifera of Linnæus.

It is a rather remarkable fact that the leaves of this Palm
are an exclusive badge of nobility throughout the Polynesian
Islands, the lower orders being permitted to use only those
of an allied species. k

As ornamental plants the species of Pritchardia occupy
a foremost position. Very soon they will be widely dispersed,
for recent importations of seeds have enabled us to see a
fine lot of specimens in M. Linden’s Establishment.

The beautiful P. fiifera, excited universal admiration
last year at the International Exhibition of Ghent. Its ele-
gant, erect leaves, resembling huge fans, bordered with a
fine fringe of silvery threads, give this species a graceful
habit peculiarly its own.

Should it turn out as conjectured, that the Palm previously
mentioned as coming from the Sandwich Islands, is a new
species of Pritchardia, this genus will be nobly represented
in our conservatories. EE. &

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 98

FLORIOULTURE.

DOUBLE-FLOWERED CINERARIAS.

Several varieties of double-flowered Cinerarias have been
brought out by Messrs Haage and Schmidt of Erfurt, under
the name of Cneraria
hybrida flore pleno.

This is quite a nov-
elty in floriculture.
We already possessed
numerous strains of
these beautiful plants,
remarkable for the
size and brilliancy of
their many-tinted flow-
ers; but until 1861,
when Mr. Kendall of
Stoke Newington, ex-
hibited a double-flow-
ered variety in Lon-
don, called Cineraria
rosea plena, to which
a commendation was
awarded, a double, or
rather full-flowered
variety was unknown.
Mr. T. Moore, co-ed-
itor of the Gardener's

Chronicle, describes it
as a very pretty, com-
pact-growing, double-
flowered variety, with
the flower heads of à
magenta-rose colour.
He adds : whether that
was lost or not, or did

ANA n

not perpetuate itself, we do not know; but it was no
seen again in publie, nor has adouble-flowered Cineraria
appeared since that
time, so far as we are
aware, until those in
question. The plant
figured, raised by
Messrs. Haage and
Schmidt, about six
years ago, has been
very closely observed,
but it had varied but
little up till that time,
Itwas therefore a piece
of good fortune to
obtain varieties of va-
rious colours, whilst at
the same time preserv-
ing the doubleness;
and this is what the
above-named gentle-
men have succeeded in
doing.

Henceforward, the
Cinerarias of our con-
servatories will be en-
riched like the Zonale
Pelargoniums, by a
host of doubleflowered
varieties, forming one
more attraction in our
floricultural displays.

D.

KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD.
DURATION OF THE GERMINATIVE POWER OF SEEDS,

À short, though very instructive article recently appeared
in the Revue Horticole. It is a list of Culinary plants, giving
the duration of the germinative power of seeds commonly
used. À good many amateurs of limited practical experience,
who save their own seeds, are in doubt whether to keep
or Cast away certain sorts after they are twelvemonths old.
It would be doing good service to lay the information before
them. The list in question, signed X.. is evidently the work
of à practical man. His indications are not absolute.
species, indeed, exceed the limit given for them
general it may be followed with advantage, and .
ularly recommend it to the notice of our readers.

Some
but in
partic-

Artichoke, Cynara scolymus.
Frs

5
4
Batatas, Convorvutus into. :
Beet-leaf, Beta eutgaris Ce > ir .
Beet-root, Beta vugaris . . . : A :
Burnet, Poterium sanguisorba , :

LA . . .

Cabbage, Brassica oleracen . , . . , ,
Capsicum, Sotanum capsicum
Cardoon, Cynara Carduncurus .
Carrôt, Daucus carota . , , .
Cauliflower, Brassica oler. botriytes
Celery, Apium graveotens. | FA
Celeriac, k
Chervil, Scandiæ à
; UIDOUS, Chaerophylium bulbosum.
Chicory, Cichorium intyvus . .. .
Chive, Atium fstutosum . s
Corn salad, Vaterianetta Olitoria
Cress, Common, Lepidrum sativum
Cress Water, Nasturtium officinale

.

and snôschata
Kidney Beans, Praseotus var.
h

2
Kohl-Rabi, Brassica Caula rapa

Où @ O1 @ Go = mt On Go OU LO CD LO 1 I 2 QU I À

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

Duration

years.
Leek, Autum porrum. . . . . . . . RARES 2
Létinch,.Lattuoë stfins5 "Roger 5

Maiïze, Zea mais. i 2

elon, Cucumis melo . . . . ape uns 5
Mustard, Sinapis atba . au Re Du de ie 5
Nasturtion n, Tropaeotum majus . 5
Onion, +. cepa : sa 3
riplex à Ne secess Cet Es on 1

Orach, à

res ni RL ne RL Us 1
Pea, Pisum sati ; 4-5
Potato, Sotanum tuberosu in Si a 3
Purslane, Portutaca btepot, RUE de Lier 8

Radish, Rapnanus sativus à
Rampion, Campanuta nc 1
Rhubarb, Rneum
Salsify, Tragopogon pores -

avory, Satureia hortensis *
Scorzonera, Scorzon Mini k
Se-Kile, Cremii maritimum
Sorrel, Rumex acetos
Spin + Spinacia oteracea
Spinach, sr RARES expansa.
Strawberry, Fragaria var.

e, Thymus Ste.

ré Sotanum tlycopersicu
Yam, Chinese, Dioscorea de.

CD O1 O1 ag 69 19 C0 16 € Or C1

w
+9 Qt ©

TROPICAL FRUIT AND ECONOMIC TREES.

Gardens and herbariums generally, both in the large estab-
lishments and private collections, are lamentably deficient
in one important particular, We meet with a very limited
number of tropical plants in cultivation, that are interesting
from their uses as food or in the manufactures or arts.

Travellers in distant countries almost invariably omit to.

collect specimens, either living or dried, of those plants
cultivated for their produce, Their chief object is to collect
plants possessing the merit of novelty. We daily consume
articles, of
whose origin
we are utterly
ignorant; and
yet would the-
re not be à
solid advanta-
ge in knowing
their source ?
From an inst-
ructive point
of view, as
well as for
their orna-
mental attract-
ions, many of
these econo-
mic plants
might worthi-
Iyoccupy a
place in our

hot-houses. The Coffee tree, for instance, forms a delight-
ful foliage-plant, and the same may be said of the trees
furnishing Camphor and Cinnamon, whilst a tuft of su-
garcane in the corner of a house is never out of place.
The importance of collections of economic plants was reco-
gnised by the jury of the Exhibition of 1867; and they de-
servedly rewarded those who brought the best lots together,
amongst whom M. Linden took the lead. With a view of
drawing attention to these exotic plants, to which we
are indebted
for so many
benefits and
luxuries, we
propose pub-
lishing a se-
riesofarticles,
in which we
shall give a
concise ac-
count of their
history and
| applications ,
commencing
to day by the
Bread fruit-
tree (Artocar-
pus incisa).

Fr,

The Bread-fruit Tree, Artocarpus incisa, Lin.
L THE PRET FRUIT TREE.

feet high with thick branches, hairy when young, and

_abounding with a milky juice in all its parts. Leaves alter-

nate, petiolate, penninerved and lobed, from eighteen inches

to two feet long, when young subtended by large convolute

stipules, which are pushed off by the growing leaves. The :
capitate female inflorescence is formed in the axils of the “ a :
upper leaves; it is roundish in shape and about half as
large as the fist, the surface covered with excrescences,

each surmounted by two stigmas. The naked flowers are

developed in a centrifugal manner, consisting of a single

ovary, which is reduced by abortion to a single 1-seeded

cell with a lateral style. After the Howering period, the ova-

The Bread-fruit tree, Artocarpus incisa, Lin., formé the
type of a small natural order, termed the Artocarpeae (1).
The genus Artocarpus comprises about fifteen well-defined
species, and several still insufficiently known. But À. éncisa
is the most important of all, and is of great interest on
account of ïts history as à useful plant. A. integrifolia,
the Jack-fruit, is another species possessing some valuable
qualities, though its reputation by no means equals that of

the former.

The Bread-fruit tree has a stout trunk from 40 to 60

(:) Trécul, Artocarp., Ann. Sc. Nat., s. III, vol. VIII.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 2

. are inclosed in separate, äshy pits, formed by the
© arrested branch or receptacle of the inflorescence (:), for-
merly supposed to be composed_ of consolidated fleshy
perianths. The male flowers are borne in long, cylindrical
, * catkins, usually on the same branch, though from the axils
© of other leaves. This catkin is composed exclusively of
. monandrous flowers, having a two-leaved perianth. It is the
: receptacle of the inflorescence, as mentioned above, which,
when ripe, is as large asa child’s head. The fruits are com-
ke … pletely immersed in a semi-fleshy mass, and the seeds attain
* 4h size of a chestnut; they are formed of two large coty-
vs. ledons without albumen. The earliest account of the Bread-
wi fruit tree is by captain Dampier, the cireumnavigator, in
1688. He says : «the Bread-ruit, as we callit, grows on a
* large tree, as big and as- high as our largest apple trees. It
bath a spreading head full of branches and dark leaves. The

“fr L it groweth on the branches like apples. Itis as big as à

+ penny loaf, when wheat is at 5 shillings the bushel. It is of
Ë a round shape, and hath a thick, tough rind. When the
: d: fruit is ripe, it is yellow and soft, and the taste is sweet and
* - pleasant. The natives of Guam use it for bread. They gather
or. à ne “itiwrhen full grown, while it is green and hard. Then they
a & _bake it in an oven which scorcheth the rind and maketh it
Faute … black. But they scrape of the outside black crust, and there

# re étonne a tender, thin crust, and the inside is soft, tender
4 and white, like the crumb of a loaf, There is neïther seed nor
, butit nm a pure substance like bread. 14 must

".
*:
L7

de & D. e-eaten new if it be kept above twenty-four hours it
7 à groweth harsh and choky; but it is very pleasant before it
2, is too stale, etc. etc.» Ê.

… There are two pbs ofthe Bread-fruit tree, the one with
fertile the other with sterile fruits. The first is found more
especially in the West-Indies, and has been introduced in-
to America. Its compound fruit is distinguished from the
de barren variety by the bristly protuberances corresponding to
the separate ovaries. For this reason, M. Bélanger thought
_ good to name it, À. sé di This variety is used for the
4 farinaceous matter ofitsr
_roasted. But the seedless variety i is much more sought after,
if we can rely upon Dampier, it is indigenous to the
yan Islands. At all events, it is the oùly one that is
grown in Oceania. The abortion of the seeds permits
of ve és of the amylaceous substance, which

ec 4

se ae L RE r
DL a. Adansonta, vol. IV, ;

is in the following proportion, according to an analysis by
M. Cuzent (?).

Raspings of the rind . . . . . 4.00
Hoody Time . . . . . . . 22,22
400
66.7

100. 00

A preserve is made by cutting the fruits in slices and
drying them in an oven. In fact, this fruit can only be
eaten cooked, and the natives eat it with fruit, sweet Pota-

40es, or fish, much as we do sliced bread, with butter. To

conclude, we may add that the pressed, fermented dough is
called Popoi.

In the Marquesas Islands, Gambier Islands and neigh-
bouring groups the consumption of this fruit is very con-
siderable. In the Gambier Islands enormous quantities are
preserved in sios to keep up the supply until the succeeding
harvest.

The fertile variety of this tree is propagated from seeds,
and also very easily from suckers, which is the only method
for the seedless variety. The trees commence bearing fruit
when:six years old. In Otaheite this tree is named Uru and
Maïore, and in other islands it is called Rèma. M. Cuzent
enumerates 15 or 20 sorts of Bread-fruit cultivated in Otaheite
under different names and possessing dissimilar qualities.
The average weight of each fruit is from two to three pounds.
The heaviest seen by M. Cuzent weighed twelve pounds.

The milky juice of the Bread-fruit tree is similar in

composition to caoutchouc, and may be used for some of
the same purposes. By making incisions in the branches
it is obtained in large quantities. It dissolves in terebinthine,
and the chemist referred to above, made a water-proof
varnish from it" which, applied hot to fabrics renders them
impervious. on The "native women use it, associated with
perfumes, in dressing their hair. The soft, homogeneous wood
is used for various purposes, and the hollowed trunks serve
for. inoes.
Le Another product of this valuable tree is the thick fbrous
fibre or inner bark, which is separated from the outer by
beating and maceration, and furnishes a natural fabric used
by the natives as an aïticle of clothing. But civilisation
and its consequences abolish a multitude of customs and
br. di dear to the naturalist and ethnologist. J. F.

) 0° Taïti, p: 181.

March, 1874.

— ExmriTion OF FRUITS AT GHENT, AND DISTRIBUTION

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

à
* A
FR - - :
; La Net à
nf + a ET à
: di ad *.
3 FE
HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE Re,
és : Rad
ue <
replete with interesting ion repheline the brtducté M a

oF Prize MEpazs. — A splendid show of fruits took place
on the 215t of last September, at the Casino, Ghent, which
was afterwards removed, under the auspices of the Cercie
d'Arboriculture de Belgique, to Vienna, where it deservedly
gained one of the grand prizes of the Universal Exhibition.
The distribution of the prizes took place in the Hôtel-de-
Ville of Ghent on the 215t of December last, in the presence
of a numerous and select company, presided over by M. de
Ghellinck de Walle, who was assisted by the provincial and
municipal authorities. The gathering was brilliant, and the
pomological resources of Belgium showed up to great ad-
vantage under the skilful and intelligent direction of active
and industrious men.
— D: Hooker, PRESIDENT OF THE Royar us OF
LONDON FOR THE PROMOTION OF NATURAL SCIENCE. — The
-learned Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one
of the botanical glories of the present day, has recently
been appointed to this important post. In honouring him,

the Society has equally honoured itself, and given the best |

answer to the vexatious Ayrtonian intermeddlings of the
past year.

D' Hooker has also accepted the Chaifiianqhin of the
Royal Horticultural Society’s scientific Committee.

— ExpEpiTIoN IN CYRENAICA. — The ge “4 of this
country, under the auspices and atthe expensi
dive of Egypt, has commenced under the
Rohlfs. D° Ascherson of Berlin has been cal attached
as botanist to-the expedition. ‘4 fa :

— SorenTrrIC EXPLORATION OF Phaotte — The Para-

guayan Government has formed à Scientific Commission i in |

Europe, which has just started for the purpose of two years
investigation of Paraguay. It is composed of Messrs. Thwite,
geologist and mineralogist, Keith Johnston, geographer and

Balansa, naturalist. The latter is already well-known from |

his discoveries in Asia Minor, the Atlas and New Caledomiaa

— M. Bureau, PROFESSOR AT THE Museum 0Fr Panis. — |
We learn from the Journal officiel of 31% January, that
D' E. Bureau has been nominated Professor of Botany at
the Museum of Paris. All those who are acquainted with
his admirable works on the Pignoractas: and MR 9

— THE CANDOLLEAN QuvQuEnrar PRIZE. —
of 500 francs, about twenty pounds, fhaded by A. P. De
Candolle for the best monograph
plants, will be awarded this year by the
et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. Th 1e
written either in Latin, French, pe" lis 1
and addressed to M. Alph. De vos < lle, Geneva

according to a new programn ee
This prize

ie.

see or family of |

of that vast empire. It is well known with what enlightened 4 -
care the Emperor Don Pedro patronizes and directs the prog- + "1

ress of all branches of human enterprise in his country. +: he
A striking example of this interest is furnished by his, +. + #8

visit to Europe, two years ago. And a cn examination

:
He.
*

L]

ment which increases day by day. We shall | Eéobabits ue F
occasion to make extracts from it. ;

Agriculture, especially, is the object of every species s à 4 LE”
encouragement. The mighty forests which cover the greater $
part of the empire, leave but a very small proportion to Po
civilization of between three and four million square miles LS
of territory, that might support ten times as large à POpRE, +
lation as the present, which does not equal two to the sq
mile. Almost all kinds of useful plants would grow on da
clearings that might be effected at different altitudes and
in all sorts of climates.

Let us quote a few statistics : *

The cultivation of Cotton älrea dy extends vel
area. One hectare re two acres and a half):

plants, and produce yearly about 4750 pounds weight of
cotton. A single labouré will manage 3 hectares, and “
cereals are grown between the cotton plants, he may obtain
a gross return of £ 93, calculating the cotton Lo og de 2
halfpenny per pound.

Coffee is another profitable article to grow. “18 plants to
the hectare (two acres and a half), produce from 1485 to”
4400 pounds. One man is sufficient for two hectares, and the Éo
return, reckoned, at a fraction over threépence diet 2
ings (3.849 d.) per pound would be from about £ 45 to £ 137. he D ee

The Sugar-Cane yields from 220 000 to 264,000 pounds ri
per hectare in 5 months ; and one man can realise from 2 hec- +
tares a profit of about £ 160. sg a

The Vine is increasing its area almost daily in the provinces
of S. Paul, Rio-Grande do Sul, ns in the ncighbourhood |
| of Rio.

In 1872, nearly 70,500 gallons of wine was made, realising
from three and sixpence to ten and sixpence per gallon. |
And a thousand vines vil yield about 880 gallons, equal to Lo
a money value of from £86 to £ 84.

Tapioca, the produce 4
is cultivated everywhere,

a si

jh 1
Tes

ne
S
LA
a

A

province of Rio Janeiro theÿ ; tot. 12
acre, yielding about 26,500 pounds te which realises +4
£ 165 12 5. 6 d. at the rate of three ce per pound. ” x

pou
The Potato, Wheat, Maize, Rye, and Rice, yield et

*.

AI parts of this veritable land of mille a honey demand
- colonisation. When, then, will honest industrious oral
have the courage to open this inexhaustible mine of
| a hundred times more téustworthy and profita ble than à
À gold diggings of Australia sa California? - : : "

æ

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 26

PL. CLXII.

> EPIDENDRUM CATILLUS, RCHB. F. & WARS.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from ixt, upon, and 52 a tree, growing on trees (epiphytal).

GENERIC CHARACTER : Vide Endlicher Genera plantarum 1371. Re ie

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : Epid. cochlidio et Epid. elongato affinis, sed pedunculi laterales graciliores elongati, crassi, nitidi,
quasi calamarü; bractene lanceolatae acuminatae ovariis pedicellatis multo breviores; sepalä ue re PARA ur us
extus glaucescentia, petala latiora; labellum miniatum, laciniïis lateralibus A rrulstie EN lacinia ca
anguste triangula obtusa, callo flavo magno oblongo acuto utrinque unidentato disco utrinque D plat pes obtecto; Ondract
mium serratum. — fn Cordillera occidentalis Novae-Granatae leg. War$ewicz, Roezl. — In horto Lind. Bruxel. introd. — Vidi viv.

flor, — (Charact. e prof. Rchb. descr. desumptis). — En. A.

Epidendrum OCatillus, Rehb. f. et Warscew. — Bonpl. ïi, 12. — Walp. Ann. VI, 393. — Gard. Chron. 1873, p. 1398.

ons imperator, Linden.

We saw this species in bloom in December last, at
M. Linden's, Ghent, who introduced it in Europe, some
years ago. It is a very rare plant, originally discovered by
Warscewicz on the western Cordillera of the Andes of New
Granada, and much more recently by Roezl and Wallis
in the same region. This species has also flowered with
M. Day, andswith M° Denning, gardener to Lord Londes-
borough , from plants sent to England by M. Linden, and
it received a First class certificate at the last Meeting of
the Royal Horticultural Society of London.

According to Prof. Reichenbach it is closely allied to
Æ. cochlidium of Lindley and E. etongatum of Jacquin, but

differs from them in the more decidedly cinnabar red of its
flowers and in the sepals being glaucous on the outside, It
is à pretty plant, whose flowers are of a colour rarely seen
in the genus, with the exception of Æ. cinnavarinum of
Salz. (Schomburgkü, Linat.) The flowers we saw last Autumn
at M. Linden’s were arranged in a close, erect panicle,
and very effective, especially from their brilliant colouring,.
M. Linden keeps it in a greenhouse, where it is subjected
to the same treatment as the majority of cool-house orchids.
We have seen it growing and flowering well under condit-
ions similar to those in which E. pañiculatum and allied
species will flourish. E. A.

ee ah

THE CARNA-UBA OR WAX-PALM OF BRAZIL.

À volume published last year, entitled “ te Brésit à l'Ex-

Position universelle de Vienne ,, contains some valuable
information worth reproducing, concerning this notable
Wax-Palm, which is of the same importance for Brazil as
the Ceroæylon andicola is for the Indians of Quindiu.

À few short extracts will show to what an infinity of uses
the different parts of this beautiful tree, (Copernicia cerifera
of Martius) may be applied.
= Et grows wild in the provinces of Ceara, Rio Grande do
Norte, and others of the same region. Its roots serve as a
substitute for Sarsaparilla. Its trunk furnishes a valuable
_timber for building, and jt is also used in the manufacture
of musical instruments, piping, pumps, railings, etc. The
fibre of the trunk makes a Strong, glossy cordage, The cabbage,
or crown of undeveloped leaves, is an excellent vegetable.
It also produces wine, vinegar, sugar and a kind of Sago,

of the seed is torrefied like coffee. Another product of the
stem is a beverage, similar to that obtained from the cocos

0,800 pounds sterling. But the princi-
uced by this tree is the wax obtained

with a home consumption of about 722 tons, representing a
total value of perhaps more than 100,000 pounds sterling.

It will be perceived that there are few plants, even amongst
those most valuable to mankind, that could bear compar-

| ison with the Carna-uba Palm, which should be placed in the

Category of “ universal trees , so much spoken of by many
travellers. (1) I. Norrzuir.

() We may be permitted to append à few further notes to the fore-
going interesting article after Seemann and others.

The genus Copernicia, instituted by Martius in honour of the great
astronomer, Copernicus, corhprises half a dozen tropical American
species. They are trees of medium size, destitude of spines, and

in large panicles, issuing from the axils of the leaves, and are suc-
ceeded by yellowish elliptical drupes. C. cerifera of the north of

tioned above, we may add that the Brazilians fodder their cattle with
the leaves in times of dearth, TE

The wax is collected from the
from the tree, by shaking and
nishing about an ounce, which
mixed with beeswax. La e

: We are not aware, The wood is also
occasionally exported to England, ie:

è .
un Mexico; C. Maritima, Mart., and C. Miraguana, Mart.,
; Ve tectorum, Colombia all han ds ;
ome tr useful in
some way. or other. cr on pe r

.

A LLUSTR ATION 3 Hornic
F s FA À OLE. se
#| Lrnton prrbl

| Étui, (
: 2. Chr
* rono. de de (72 r
vobant -
a Gand.

169

uYy LE: :

TICO

1

STRATIO

La
md
À)

J Linden, publ.

:
”

PDeDannemaeker

37 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PI. CLXIII.

DRACAENA (CORDYLINE) BELLULA, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

GEM DRACAENA,

NAT. ORD. ASPARAGINEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from ôpéxve or she-dragon, in allusion to the exudation from wounds resembling the resi nest lie

of Calamus Draco, ete.
Cordyline is from xopèüln a club, Club-Palm.

GENERIC CHARACTER : Vide Endlicher, Genera plantarum, 1166.
nr mere : erecta, elegans, gracilis habitu;folia permulta petiolis eylindraceis canaliculatis basi convolutis tumido
nodosis atroviolaceis lamina 15-20 cent. longa, 1-2 cent. lata, lineari-lanceolata acuta purpureo-violacen lineis gracillibus sparsis viridi-
cupreatis longitudinaliter percusa, vivide-rubro-marginata. — Ex insulis Oceani australis in Europam allata, 1872, — Ad viv, desc

in h. Lind. — E. A.
Dracaena bellula, Linden et André.

We have watched the progress of this delightful little
species with the greatest interest ever since its first appear-
ance in M. Linden’s establishment, in 1872. It was received

. from the South Sea Islands. Its graceful outline and pecu-
_ liar colouring were gradually developed. At the present time
we may term it the gem of the genus, a perfect Xing Charles
amongst its kindred. (‘) Its numerous, pretty, linear-lanceo-
late leaves, clustered and regularly erected, are of a purple-
violet, longitudinally striped with slender graygish green li-
nes, and edged with bright red, and from 6 to 8 inches long
by 6 to 9 lines broad. We predict a great success for it
amongst the lovers of dainty little plants, and wait to
see whether it will not be preferred to some of the maQrS,

highly ornamental forms. We may add that it requires the
same treatment as all the other species with variegated
foliage, and should it increase a little in size under different
conditions, it will never, we believe, attain much larger
dimensions. E. A.

(:) Indeed, the small African species which form a distinct section,
characterized by their linear, short, stiff leaves, devoid of any particular
elegance, no longer represent the pigmies of the genus in our gardens.

belluta is a miniature form of the large species, or varieties,
having their leaves broadened like the blade of an oar. It has all the
grace of the most beautiful forms in the genus. We might compare it
to a Liliputian D. stricta, without its bright colours, which are here
replaced by a dark greeñish purple, covering the entire plant with
a dull glaze. In this tiny plant, we have a vigorous, healthy ap-
péarance associated with its prettiness.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Cuourivarron or Eucarvprus. — Now that the caltivation
of Eucalyptus globutus and other species has become s0
general in the Mediterranean and other warm-temperate
regions, we may be excused for giving the mode of procedure,
practised by the Australians. For, although impracticable
in England beyond temporary ornamental purposes, it might

be profitably pursued in many of her dependencies. We

borrow the following notes from an extract from the
“ Australasian , in the Bulletin de la Société d'Acclimatation
1872, by M. Raveret-Wattel. ,
“ The soil is ploughed in winter to à depth of about four
inches and a half, and the furrows left undisturbed. At th

end of July or in August, Or even the beginning 0 Sep-.
tember, according to convenience, it is harrowed in the
direction of the furrows so as not to destroy the ridges, and |
the seed sown at once, at the rate of about two ounces to

the acre. The natural crumbling down of the earth, or the
first shower, is quite sufficient to cover the seed. During the
Summer the plants will make enough growth to overcome
all the weeds that may spring up with them; but 16 18 ab-
solutely necessaryto prevent all kinds of animals from brows-
ing upon them. However, after the expiration of the second
year, the Eucalyptus has nothing to fear from sheep, ar
they may be permitted to graze in the plantations without
fear of ju
Un.

Experience has shown that this tree succeeds better when
'. ut

sown the same year that the ground is ploughed, and espe-
cially if animals have previously been pastured on the site
of the future plantation, in order to cleanse it as much as
possible from foreign seed, and thus prevent the too great
intrusion of weeds during the first year, The Blue Gum,
Eucatyptus globulus, grows rapidly in the poorest soils,
provided the drainage is good. ,

_— Boranicaz Lrenantes 1x BezGrum. — We have lately
received from M. Cogniaux of the Botaric Gardens, Brussels,
a reprint of an article on this interesting subject, read by
him last July, at a meeting of the Royal Botanical Society

of Belgium. The author complains of the poverty in Botanical
works of the libraries accessible to botanists, and shows

that in this respect the country by no means maintains the

| eminence in Horticulture and Botany it can otherwise lay
claim to. Neither the RoyalLibrary, the State Botanic Garden,

the Royal Museum, nor either of the various societies

possesses à library worthy of the modern literary victories

in the science of plants. À few private collections, such as -*

those of Morren, Van Heurck, and Du Mortier, for instance,

are celebrated for their richness, but they are neither

complete nor open to all Belgian botanists, hence their
jabours are very much fettered.

We cordially support M. Cogniaux, in the hope that *
this state of things will not last much longer. ee
ls ie

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. à

PL. CLXIV.

APHELANDRA FASCINATOR, LINDEN & ANDRE.

THE CHARMER APHELANDRA.

NAT. OR. ACANTHACEAE.
ETYMOLOGY : from apskis, simple or single, and æ»mp à man, in allusion to the er re _ this goaus.

GENERIC CHARACTER : calyx quinquepartitus, inaequalis. Corolla bypogyna, Hague, labio pan subfornicato, bidentato,
inferioris tripartiti laciniis lateralibus multo minoribus. Stamina 4, corollae tubo inserta, inclusa, Héruams: mtherse uniloculares,
muticae. Ovarium biloculare, loculis biovulatis. Stylus simplex; stigma bifidum. Capoula Pr souls, Hiloghiatis, tetraspere,
loculicide bivalvis, valvis medio septiferis. Semina compressa, retinaculis subtensa. — Frutices + erioue FrOpRME, foliis oppositis
spicis aæillaribus et terminalibus tetragonis, bracteis oppositis submembranaceis, bracteolis angustis, corollis speciosis, rubicundis
(aut aurantiacis) (Ex Endlich Gen. PI. 4074.) :

Aphelandra, Rob. Brown, Prodr. 475.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : suffruticosa, glaberrima; rami
juniores vix puberuli; folia ampla, 15 centim. et ultra longa, 9 centim. lata, limbo ovato utrinque attenuato basi in petiolum brevem
canaliculatum decurrente, integerrimo, supra viridi-olivaceo nervis vix prominentibus in vitta argentea nitentissima immersis, subtus
in tota superficie rubro-violacea nervis paulo elevatis atroviolaceis; flores in spicas terminales tetragonas dispositi; bracteae ovatae,
decussato-biseriatae, ovato-acuminatae, ciliatae, viridi-purpureoque in dorso lineatae; calycis laciniae-5 acutissimae, tubo corollae duplo
breviores; corolla subringens, bilabiata, tubo cylindraceo erecto bracteam superante, 7-8 centim. longa, 5-6 centim. lata, labio
superiore porrecto carinato inferioris trifidi lobis lateralibus ovatis patulis ovato anguiculatis, lobo medio duplo majore ovato spa-:
tulato, omnibus integerrimis splendide vividissimeque scarlatinis v. cinnabarinis; genitalia inclusa; fructus….— Nova-Granata, 1872.
— Ad vivum descripsi in horto Lindeniano. — Ep. A.

Aphelandra fascinator, Linden et André (Lind. Catal. 1873).

erecti, teretes, rari, ad nodos violacei, sub epidermide lenticellati,

The Charmer! Such is the appellation chosen by us for
this magnificent species from the time it first delighted our
eyes. Its name will be on every tongue this year of grace,
1874. Neïther figure nor description can convey to our
senses anything approaching an adequate idea of its splen-
dour. Our artist, M. De Pannemaeker, was dismayed before
the task of imitating the dazzling vermilion hue presented
by its gorgeous spike of flowers, and the delicate silver
shades of its foliage, glistening like a Maranta. He felt that
the brightest pigments of his palette were a thousand times
surpassed by this scarlet powdered with gold, when the light
of day was playing upon its polished surface. We experience
the same difficulty, and, although the Latin language must
preserve for science as truthful a description as possible of
this great introduction, we forego an attempt, even, to paint
in English words its brilliancy and beauty. The efforts of
the painter have exceeded our own, and we once again feel
the force of the precept of the Latin poet: That we under-
stand and remember what we have seen better than what we
have heard. ..

Aphelandra fascinator was first discovered no longer
ago than the year 1872, in the half-shaded forests of a
part of New-Granada, still very little explored. It was

described and named in the first place in M. Linden’s cata-
logue, sent out in September, 1873. It is therefore an abso-
lute novelty and quite unpublished; and we trust by fa-
voured propagation it may soon be in the hands of all
desirous amateurs.

At the time when Aphelandra aurantiaca, discovered by
M. Linden in the state of Tabasco, appeared in the * Flore
des Serres , the beauty of the new plant was highly extolled.
and deservedly so, by every one. Twenty years later, in 1867,
A. aurantiaca Roezlii followed and proved far superior
to the type. And more recently A. nitens was introduced
from Guyaquil and published in English papers.

But how much this transcends all of them in its lovely
leaves overlaid with silver in regular bands and clothed
beneath with à mantle of purple-violet, and in its enormous
spikes of flowers of an indescribable colour, as large as the
largest of Lobelia splendens and subtended by beautifully
striped bracts ! :

We need not further dilate on this grand acquisition.
It is in the stoves of plant-lovers that we hope to meet with
it soon when all its beauty and elegance shall have been
developed by the arts of cultivation.

E. À.

ÿ
GES «7 r _
2 L'Euvsrranon

D |

”]

y

PAefarnemaeker, ad rat. piix. un foto AIR

GRTICOLE:>

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

nn

THE KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD,
THE NEW FRUITS OF 4873.

The past year does not appear to have been very fertile
in good new fruits, though the number of new English
apples brought forward was very great. Awaiting the com-
pletion of the list of those raised in Belgium, France and
Germany, we give the following notes, borrowed from the
Gardeners Chronicle, on the pomological gains of Great
Britain.

In Grapes — the pride and glory of British gardens —
M: Pearson, of Chilwell, contributes a good and handsome
Jate white grape, named Goïden Queen. It was raised from
the Aticante crossed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. Another
variety, Venn’s Black Muscat, is said to be superior to the
Muscat Hamburgh, being of à hardier constitution and a
better keeper than this excellent grape. |

Amongst apples, we may especially recommend as supe-
rior: Barchards Seedling, a good variety, productive bearer,
and handsome tree; Lady Henniker, a good kitchen fruit of
the Codlin shape, streaked like the Beauty of Kent; D. T.
Fish is another large kitchen apple suitable for use in
December and January; and the Worcester Pearmain, à
seedling from the Red Quarrenden, 1s à highly-coloured early
dessert apple. |

Of Pears there is a singular deficiency. Lucy Grieve, an

En & : small, but very delicious fruit of the
‘lass, ripening in October.

We may here mention a new species of Pyrus, introduced
from Japan by Messrs. Maule and son, Of Bristol. It bears
clusters of fruit resembling the old Golden Pippin apple.
K is of a highly aromatic flavour and makes an excellent
preserve.

D° Roden has brought out some remarkable Strawberries,
amongst them, the Gipsy Queen, a large late variety; Æn-
chantress, of the British Queen class, but superior in flavour
and more productive ; Sir John Faistaff, a hardy variety and
good cropper; The Countess and Early Crimson Pine.

Gooseberries are enriched with a beautiful variety, inter-
mediate between Red Champagne and Warrington, called
Henson's Seedling.

Amongst melons two varieties are highly recommended,
namely, Read's Scarlet-flesh, a delicious fruit, and Gtbert's
Green-fleshed, a vigorous and exquisitely flavoured variety.
Both of these varieties have been certificated by the Royal
Horticultural Society's Fruit Committee.

We shall return again to the acquisitions of the year
that has just expired.

P, Encsav.

NEW VEGETABLES.

In the last number of the Bulletin du Cercle d'Arboricul-
ture de Belgique we find in an article by our fellow-labourer,
M. Burvenich, whose name is an authority in kitchen-garden
matters, an enumeration of several new vegetables from which
wè select the following : :

Beet, Blood Red.

Celery, Fulham Prize Pink.

Cucumber, Marquis of Lorne, à greatly esteemed variety,

of which the seeds are still dear.
” Duke of Edinburgh, exceeds a yard in length.

Succory, fringed. ae.

Broccoli, Late Queen, Early White and Perfection.

Lettuce, Verte grasse.
Melon, vert grimpant à rames.
green variety for growing on sticks
ea, Laæton.
Potato, Redskin Flourball.
| Bressee's Prolific.
. Hunäredfold Fiuke.
Leek, Monstrueux de Carentan.
Radish, (Turnip-rooted) White Californian.
Tomato, dwarf, with striped fruit.
Several of the foregoing vegetables are not absolute nov-
elties, but they all deserve à trial, if only on a small scale,
and many are undoubtedly first rate varietiés.

»

Cauliflower Veitcws Perfection and the King of Cauli-
: flowers. Là.
Dwarf Kidney Bean, Canadian Wonder.

— Revarmive HarDINess OF CONIFERS. — M. Victor Mas-

son has been collecting some notes on the fr ms
powers of certain Conifers on his estate at la Chassagne, es
d'Or. The Cedar of Lebanon will bear à greater degree 0

cold than the African Cedar; but it starts into growth
in the spring, and a late frost On the 28% April last Cu
| ds the following

all the young shoots. M. Masson recommen
Conifers for planting in cold situations ,
A. Nordmanniana, and À. Douglasi,
pectinata, A. Apollinis, À. Fraseri and À. Ofiica, #9 PS
last are spring-tender and often lose their goung shoots .
become unsightly. This is of importance t0 planters dr |
greens on à large scale.

Abies Pinsapo,

e frost-resisting

in preference to A

__ PRODUCTION OF VARIEGATED Paormrom. — We learn
M. Richore of Rouen to M. Car-

segated variety of the New-Zealand

sported from à plant of the common
had suffered some injury from frost
he variegation is 48 bright as in

ears ago. T
L: po mi and the offsets possess

bringing out
do

orticole, 1874, p- 24.

the pale yellow

t) Revue H

/
*

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 44

FLORICULTURE.

HAUSSMANNIA JUCUNDA.

142

© When ‘we recorded the first-flowering of this curious
Bignoniaceous plant in Europe, we promised to give a more
detailed history of it, a promise we n0w proceed to fulfil.

The genus Æaussmannia was founded by Baron von Muel-
ler, of Melbourne, upon an Australian plant discovered by
Dallachy in Seaview Range, Rockingham Bay. The dedica-
tion was made in honour of Baron Haussmann, whose name
is inseparable from the enormous works in connection with
the remodeling and embellisament of Paris for the last
twenty years.

It was first published in Mueller's Fragmenta Phytogra-

phiae Austratiae, IV, p.148, and subsequently in Bentham

and Muellers Flora Austratiensis, IV, p. 539. It is char-
acterized as follows :

Calyx campanulate, truncate or minutely 5-toothed, Corol-
la tubular, incurved, dilated upwards; lobes 5, nearly equal,
obscurely arranged in two lips, induplicate-valvate in the

* bud. Stamens 4, inserted in the tube, and longer than the

corolla, with a fifth small staminodium ; anther-cells diverg-
ing or divaricate. Hypogynous disk cupular, completely
inclosing the ovary. Ovary short slightly compressed, the
dissepiment transverse. Ovules numerous, in several rows
on each placenta. Style with 2 ovate stigmatic lobes. Fruit
unknown.

So far as is known at present, the genus is monotypic,
and the species may be described thus :

H. jucunda (syn. Campsis Jucunda, Muell. loc. cit.) a tall
glabrous woody climber. Leaves opposite digitate with three
leaflets articulate at the end of a petiole from 1 to 2 inches
long : leaflets oval or elliptical, shortly acuminate, entire
membranous, penninerved 2 to 4 inches long, narrowed
into a short petiolule and the central leaflet occasionally

confluent with one of the lateral ones, but no simple leaves
in the specimen seen. Flowers in short racemes in the axils
of the terminal pair of leaves ; bracts small : bracteoles none.
Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx very short. Corolla-tube
about 1 inch long ; lobes ovate, not 1 line long, haïry inside,
yellow and purple. Stamens hairy at their insertion below
the middle of the tube, shortly exceeding the corolla.

It will be seen that the description of the genus is still
incomplete from want of the mature seed-vessel, which the
authors of the Flora of Australia never had an opportunity
of seeing.

The plant having flowered at La Muette, Paris, we re-
quested M. Troupeau to fertilize the flowers, hoping to see
it fruit. But this gentleman writes « that its flowering was
the result of an accident, for the branch was strangled,
causing the flowers to open prematurely and fall at once,
the branch perishing soon after. , However as the plant
has many small branches, it is expected it will flower
again in the Spring and furnish the materials for com-
pleting the description.

ORNAMENTAL GARDENING.

CaJoPHORA coronaTA, Hooker and Arnott, (Loasa coro-

in nomenclature. The plant belongs to the small family

nata, Gill. mss. — Loasa absinthifolia, Presl. — Blumen- | of Loasacene. It is herbaceous, forming dense tufts of finely-

bachia curonata, Hort.) —
Messrs. Haage and Schmidt,
of Erfurt introduced this plant
from Chili, and sent it out un-
der the last name cited above.
We prefer retaining the name
Of Cajophora coronata, given
by Hooker and Arnott in their
Botanical Miscellany, vol. III,
p.327, the genus Brumenbachia,
Kœl. having previously been
established for some grasses

(Sorghum). We shall thus avoid all possibility of confusion

cut leaves, resembling those
of an Artemisia, in the midst
of which the pretty pure
white flowers lie half hidden,
as if reposing in a nest of
lace-work. The corolla is com-
posed of four saccate divi-
sions of exceedingly curious
| formation. It is a biennial,
PC da and flowers profusely the se-
cond season, in a light, rich
soil, in a sunny situation. It will

Æ-
EE

| succeed well if treated in the sameway as Cajophbora lateritia.

45 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. js 16

TROPICAL FRUIT-TREES.

II. Avocano OR ALLIGATOR PEAR.

The Avocado belongs to the genus Persea (P, gratissima, |

Gærtn.) (!) of the Sweet Bay family. Although the genus com-
prises some fifty species, described by Meissner (?), the one
in question is the only one of importance, or at any rate
generally known. It is a native of Central America, but it

|

|

is now found in nearly all tropical countries. It was intro: |

duced into Mauritius in 1750.

Besides the above names, it is variously called Aguacate,
Avocate, Palto, and Vegetable Marrow or Midshipman's
Butter by the English. The appellation Aigator Pear, is
derived from the fact that the Cayman has a great partiality
for the fruit. Jacquin describes the tree as forty feet high,
surmounted with a handsome crown. The elliptical leaves
are alternate, petiolate and about six inches long by two
broad. The flowers are borne at the extremities of the
branches in cymes or clusters, and appear after the fall of
the leaves, at least when cultivated under glass. The pe-
rianth is composed of six divisions, of which the three inner
are shorter. Andraecium consisting of twelve stamens in
four series, the innermost series sterile, and the inner series
of fertile ones having two globular stalked glands at their
bases; fertile anthers opening by four little recurved valves.
The pistil is composed of a solitary, 1-celled ovary with a
single ovule, pendulous from the top of the cavity. When
ripe the fruit is of the size and shape of a large pear, more
or less elongated according to the variety, with a brownish
green skin, tinged with purple or yellow. The drupe incloses
a stone or nut with a cartilaginous envelop, containing the
exalbuminous seed with large fleshy cotyledons.

The pulp of°the Avocado is the only part esteemed. It
is soft and buttery, with little smell. In flavour it resembles
butter, to heighten which it is eaten with spice, lime juice
or pepper and salt. At first it is not greatly relished by
Europeans, but after the taste for it is acquired it is con-
sidered one of the greatest luxuries of the tropics. But if
eaten unripe it induces fever and dysentery. Jacquin states
that all animals, without exception, are fond of this fruit.

Tussac (°), following the example of Salernus, who speaks
of a plant that excites a kind of appetite which cannot fail
to become fashionable, says of the Avocado :

Excitat ad venerem tardos Persea maritos.

The nut is about the size of a small egg, containing a
kernel which is still soft when the fruit falls: and the thick,
milky, not soapy juice, which eventually solidifies, pos-
sesses the singular property of indelibility. It is used for
marking linen, etc., and is of a red or reddish colour. An
oil is also extracted from the seeds by boiling, which rises
to the surface of the water. It is said to be used as an
emollient in the treatment of scurvy. The young shoots are
reputed valuable as an emmenagogue, and the leaves are
astringent. And the soft, white wood is of no use except as
fuel.

The Avocado requires stove treatment. It is necessary to
be careful in the use of water during the period of rest;
for it appears that its large fleshy roots frequently rot
under cultivation from an excess of moisture. The seed
must be sown as soon as gathered. J. Frsn.

INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION AT FLORENCE.

We have received from Prof. Parlatore the toléwing
additional particulars respecting the forthcoming festival :
The Exhibition will take place in the new Central Market
Building, which is to be formally opened to the public on
the occasion of this great horticultural gathering. The build-
ing is situated néar the central raïlway station, not far
from the centre of the city, in the vicinity of the Duomo,
picture galleries, and other principal monuments: It is itself
one of the most imposing modern edifices in Florence, being
a square building, 230 by 260 English feet, covering under
its glass roof an area of about 59,800 square feet. This
immense space is only broken by two rows of elegant cast-
iron columns, dividing the two aisles from the nave. The
nave is 115 feet, and the aisles 75 feet high. Only cast and
wrought iron, glass and massive blocks of hewn stone were
used in the construction of this vast building.

The interior will be transformed into a conservatory, in-
cluding a stove for orchids in bloom and other plants re-
quiring a higher temperature. Both fresh and salt-water
aquariums will be constructed, and a special tank for the
. Victoria regia and other Nymphaeaceae. Large Palms, Tree

be held in the apartments of be ce ral Museum,

Ferns and other large specimens will be associated with
groups of tender and hardy plants in bloom requiring shade.

The open space around the principal hall will be placed
at the disposal of exhibitors of trees shrubs, Conifers and
other hardy collections.

The colonnades, 230 feet long, running down each side

of the main ilding. will be reserved for horticultural ma-

chinery, implements and structures. Books, paintings, pho-

tographs and chromolithographs of plants, plans and designs
for gardens, collections of dried plants and other Botanical
objects, fruits, vegetables, fungi, etc., will be deposited in
some of the numerous galleries and apartments. Some of
the rooms have been set apart for the use of the Judges,

for conversational meetings, lectures, for the lady patron-

esses, and also a refreshment and coffee saloon. The Go-
vernment has just consénted to locate a special customs office
on the spot, so that all packages arriving from abroad will
be opened and unpacked under the direct supervision of
the Executive Committee of the Exbibition.

The meetings of the International Botanical Congress will

ea

(‘) Gaertn. Fr. 6, p. 22:
(*) D. C. Prod. Vol. x*. pe p. 51.

{*) Flore des Antilles.

THE ILLUSTRATION 1 HORTICOLE. :

in the midst of those grand collections which make this
establishment, rendered famous by Galileo and Micheli, the
first of its kind in Italy. Upon this occasion the Congress
will solemnly inaugurate the monument erected in one of
the halls of the Museum in memory of P.B. Webb, the
learned illustrator of the Canary Islands, who so generously
contributed to the enrichment of the botanical collections
by the legacy of his herbarium and library and the esta-
blishment of a fund for enlarging and keeping the said
collections. This ceremony will be all the more interesting
as Sabin Berthelot, the father of French Botanists and the
+ active companion and fellow-labourer of the departed Webb,
will, although upwards of fourscore years of age, leave his
peaceful home in Teneriffe and brave the discomforts and
fatigue of the sea-voyage in order to be present. Already
L a great number of the most distinguished botanists of
Europe have signified their intention of taking part in the
Congress, and everything tends to strengthen the belief
that this gathering, favoured by special cireumstances, will
be really rt de in beneficial results.

=

Às LPS observed by M. André, ever since this plant
was first introduced into Europe, the imported plants have
rarely flowered a second time. They have been sent principally
from Brazil in an adult stage, with the inflorescence already
formed, which, from the suffering caused by the voyage, was
soon put forth. Afterwards, nothing further, the plants bare-
ly making à few leaves each year, not to speak of showing
their beauti ful lilac flowers again. In this way the numerous
plants we have md at La Muette have behaved up till this
season.

Remembering ne s distante we altered our course

By the desire of several foreign exhibitors, the Executive
Committee have consented to extend the time for the recep-
tion of demands for space till the end of February. Never-
theless, seeing the large number already registered, the

Committee strongly urge upon all those persons desirous

of space who have not yet made application, to do so without
delay.

All countries, including the most distant, will be repre-
sented at the Exhibition, important contributions having
already been announced from Egypt, Australia, Brazil and
other parts of America, as well as from Russia, Greece,
Sweden, etc., ete. Belgium and Holland, the classic ground
of Horticulture, have worthily responded to the call, a very
large number of exbibitors having hastened to enter for
competition in the principal classes.

The Dutch Government purposed forming a special com-

mission under the presidence of His Eminence the Count
Schimmelpenninck of Nyenhuis, with the aim of furthering
the interests of the Exhibition in every way possible.

Tr ur Legs OF AMARYLLIS PROCERA.

of treatment, and succeeded in obtaining flowers in the

following manner.

We wintered the bulbs partially at rest, in pots, in a tem-
perate house. On the 15** May we had them removed into
the open air, placing them in the most exposed part of the
garden. Particular care was observed in placing the plants
to let them face in the same direction as when standing in
the house, in order not to put any restraint upon the cur-
vature, which the stem naturally :
always towards the south. We believe that our success In
| flowering this beautiful plant is due to this circumstance.

TROUPEAU.

assumes, and which is

À

w F LES dvvmans GÉNÉRAUX DE BOTANIQUE DESCRIP-
ERATIONS OF THE GENERAL WORKS OF DESCRIPTIVE

as a 5 On +" _ of the completion of the Prodromus we

Le ipt of a pamphlet from M. Alphonse

L - > following is a hasty : summary :

1e ity 0 general works of descriptive Botan

eo y has always

| en cd on Thot to the present day. Early botanists
blished à comprising all that was known at their

“ue Dar plants and their properties. But it soon became

net er subjects and divide the work.

LeE:

Schultes, Sprengel, Dietrich and .

tyle. Matters w
1812 and er when a sti * ent on thus until
Sehty agustin-Pyramus De Candolle conceived the

ma, which should contain detailed descrip-

2 _— at that period from twenty five

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Par years, M. De Candolle, assisted by the principal European bota-
nists, has just brought to a close. It contains monographs of 214
Dicotyledonous families, comprising 5134 gencra and 58978 species,
double the number supposed to exist in the vegetable kingdom at the

beginning of the present century. For thirty years, A. P. De Candolle

toiled alone on this gigantic undertaking. He then secured the aid

of a few fellow-workers, and dying in 1841, his son, M. A. De Can-

dolle, inherited the onerous task of finishing the work to which he

has just written the word Frs. Some portions of the Prodromus

exhibit an immense amount of labour and research on the part of the
authors, especially by Bentham, Decaisne, Mueller, Meissner, Dunal,
_—. Moquin-Tandon, Boissier, Choisy, Schauer and Parlatore,
without mentioning the names of a great many other illustrious men
who have contributed to the building of this monument of perseve”
rance, 0r M. Alph. De Candolle himself, who has done by far the lar-
gest share of the work, ,

While paying our tribute of Re, due to the multitude of learned

contributors to the Prodromus, we take the opportunity of ing .

an carnest wish that the Monocotyledons may speedily be taken in

À hand and treated in the same exhaustive and connected manner:

E. A.
SR ne a

(1) Octavo tract of 25

pages __— la Biblio-
èque universelle de Genève, Nov. eh des, Sciences rs
De

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

w

April, 1874.
— Lasr or Boranicaz GARDEXS , MUSEUMS AND HERBARIA.
— M. Ed. Morren has recently published a pamphlet which
will be of great service to botanists. It is as complete a list
as it was possible to compile of the Botanical Gardens,
Chairs and Establishments of the whole world. The title is
somewhat comprehensive, and it may readily be supposed
that some inaccuracies have crept in. M. Morren calls upon
botanists, and those in a position to afford correct infor-
mation on this subject, tô furnish him with additions and
corrections to enable him to extend and improve future edi- |
tions. Such as it is at present, it will prove a most useful |
aid to botanists and others, who experience great difficulties
in ascertaining the boite: of their foreign collengues.
M. Morren’s address, from whom the list in ti
procured , is: la à ci Liége, Belgium.
—_ Canwa mIDIFLORA. — This exceedingly beautiful plant,
a native of Peru, discovered , and named and described by
Ruiz and Pavon in their Flora Peruviana, hàs been repeat-
edly introduced into our gardens, and as often lost; and
once again it appears to have nearly or quite disap- |
peared. "We were formerly very successful in growing this
plant in the municipal gardens of Paris at La Muëtte.
We should esteem it a great favour, if any reader of the
Iüustration,knowing where it may be had, wouldkindly com-
municate the information.

— RAPATEA PANDANOIDES. — The plant that we publish- |

ed under this name in the December number of the Zlus-

tration Horticole, was the object of a notice from the pen of

D' Maxwell Masters in à recent number of the Gardeners”
hrs The learned editor of the English Journal thinks
that the genus Saxo-Friedricia, created by Schomburgk for
another Xyridaceous plant from Guiana, and kept up by
D: Kôrnicke in his Mo ograph of the Rapateæ, should be

adopted | for this curious species. We shall state our reasons

further on for preserving Rapatea, in preference to sanc-
tioning the abuse of founding new genera upon the most
minute characters, a course that would soon lead to all
science being turned topsy-turvy. This unfortunate mania for
creating genera was pushed to its utmost limit by Klotzsch,
who split up the genus Begonia and made about forty
new genera out of one of the most natural genera known.
But De Candolle in his monograph of the Begoniaceae
_ was not deterred from reducing them all, seen one,
to the rank of sections of the genus Begonia.

__ INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT FLORENCE. — We haÿe
received some important additional information respecting
the forthcoming grand floral festival at Florence. First as to
the facilities accorded by the railways. The Northern Railway
of France (from Calais and Boulogne) , the Eastern Railway,
the Orleans, and the Lyons and Mediterranean lines, have
granted a reduction of one half for all plants or other ee
sent to the Exhibition and returned from it. The (

. and Vendée lines, as ir, as tl d

Non,

Garien

‘a

* director of Kew Gardens, but we go eve

:

have granted a similar reduction to exhibitors, members
of the congress, and of the jury. The Frayssinet Steamboat
company offers the same advantages both for passengers and
objects : and the Messageries Maritimes and Générale Trans-
atlantique will make a reduction of fifty per cent on the
charges for goods and thirty per cent on passengers’ fares.
In Belgium (from Ostend) all the railways have conceded a
reduction of fifty per cent on all good sent to Florence. In
Holland (Rotterdam) the railways will transmit privileged
passengers as above and plants, for half-fares. The Dutch
Steamboat company plying between Amsterdam éd e
Italian ports goes further still, ofering to convey go
No information has yet been received from either P
or Austria. All the Italian railways will cot
passengers, both ways, at half-rates.
Members of the congress and of the juries, AS
exhibitors, will receive their tickets, which will ensure to
| them the rights above alluded to, early in April.
Exhibitors will be provided with a duplicate certificate,
- one of which they will retain, and which will procure for
them the facilities above mentioned, and secure exemption
| custom-house formalities on the frontier: The other
t

Fi

be sent by post to the committee, prope up.
| Special labels will be sent by the committee-tt"exhibitors to
be afixed to their respective packages. All'packages should
“rh Re

de ‘80
All the scientific institutions and s er are
prepared to show hospitality to exhi b or A members of.

the Jury and Congress. The Philological club will be thrown
open to them. Special meetings in their | ir ho will be held

: amusement of visitors, the horse rice
same time as the exhibition.

person.
AÏl communications should be siigés Fto
Committee of the International Horticut à Eai

Florence.

— SYSTEMATIC Borir. —
tetii, in the last number but one of the Z Bot
D Hooker complains of the dificulties experienced
tanists in discovering the origin of gardgi names of plants.
He adds that this impediment increases at na en rate,
and that the perplexities of nomencla wi

that the selfsame difficulties are app: |
purely botanical works, whether physiol

ë ical, Very many original articles cles and mo Y

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 52

lished_ in obscure periodicals and remain unknown to tbe
majority of botanists. If they are not in the public libraries,
the unfortunate investigator, who is unable to purchase
everything as it appears, has often the mortifiéation of
finding that his labours are incomplete or LE measure
forestalled. |

To overcome this evil, we think it necessary that the
publie libraries should keep pace with science, and deem it
desirable that all original papers should be communicated,
in a condensed form, at least, to one or the other of the
organs of the societies at the head of science, which come
under the notice of all botanists worthy of the name. And
when, may we ask, will the time arrive that the important
work of Walpers will be resumed , which has been stationary
ever since the appearance of the last part in 1869?

— Revrew or New Prawrs. — Several of our readers
having signified their wish to see us take up again the review
of new plants published in other periodicals, we shall start
afresh in our next number. And, in order to render it as
useful and complete as possible, we shall recommence at
the point where we left off.

— Tue Evcacyrrus mwsecr. — From observations made
by M. Riviere in one of his late journeys to Algeria, it appears
that the extensive plantations of Eucalyptus globulus which
are in course of formation in this colony, are in serious
danger from the ravages of an insect. Dr Boisduval has
recognised this insect as the Rhisotrogus euphytus, which is
particularly destructive in the larva state, when it preys
upon the roots of plants and causes them to die.

— Dovsie-rLoweren ZoNare PELARGONIUMS. — M. E.
Sisley, of Montplaisir, Lyons, the well known amateur and
successful raiser of these beautiful plants, is engaged in
searching out their history, and has requested us to ask
our readers if any of them can remember the time and place
where the first double Pelargonium appeared , which , he is
informed ; happened in Belgium, about fifty years back. We
willingly give. publicity to his wish, and shall be happy if
” of our correspondents can afford him the desired infor-

on.

— Graxp Narroxaz Horricuirurar, Exmrrrion ar Max-

Pa. rs

Standard Box-trees, pairs of Standard Hollies , pairs à +
midal Bays, KE of Yuccas, groups of Yuccas, groups of

ps of Crotons, groups of Marantas.
ane en — At a recent sale of Indian
Is a tevens’ Rooïs the prices realised were : Cypri-
| podium Parishi, masses with five shoots 805. to 1158.; smaller
plants 50 s. to 6358.; Dendrobium infundibulum , om 458. to
_63s.; 2, thyrsiforum * à mass with sixteen bulbs 190 s. : “
strong specimens of the same, 635. to 1108.; D. déstsin
| L bulbs, 42 $. :

Re henbachiana, four strong bulbs 45 ..
Pn, six strong plants, 425. to 63s.; Vanda ke
. “ on dr fn plant, 147 s. : two smaller specimens 408,

= (Püeione) R
Panda

bas undertaken to furnish u

— New Maspevazzas. — M. Linden has received three
new species of Masdevallia from M. Roezl, who discovered
them in northern Peru.They are : 1. melanopus, having white
flower-tubes, and very dark ovaries and tails; 42. catoptera
having larger, probably white flowers, with dark purplish or
violet longitudinal stripes on the sepals — two on the upper-
sepal and three on each lateral one ; and the highly curious
M. polysticta, bearing spikes of 7 or 8 pale or white flowers,
with numerous dark-brown spots. M. Roezl found tufts of
this species bearing twenty flower-spikes at the same time.

These additions to this peculiar and interesting genus will
give a fresh impetus to the favour they have enjoyed in
England and Belgium during the last few years.

We may take this opportunity of laying before our readers
the following extracts taken from a new English work en-
titled : Coot Orchids and how to grow them, with Descriptions
of al the best Species in Cultivation, by F. W. Burbridge.

“ The genus Masdevallia includes a considerable number

"of species, many of which come from the higher ranges of

the Peruvian Andes, where they luxuriate in cool moist
localities. They are of the easiest possible culture, growing
and producing abundant crops of their curious, trifid,
caudate blossoms, nearly all the year round. They should
be placed in small pots on a compost of fibrous peat, fresh
sphagnum, crocks, and à little fibrous loam —that which
has been sifted and the fibrous lumps only retained being
best. They will be found to flourish at the coolest end of the
house in company with Disa, Oncidium macranthum and
various species of Odontoglossum ; and their glowing lilac and
bright orange scarlet and purple flowers form an agreeable
contrast to the pure snowy white and golden-yellow flowers
of the plants named. The best of all in cultivation are : 4.
Veitchi, M. Lindeni, M. Harryana, M. tovarensis, M. coc-
cinea and M. maculata, but some of the best have yet to be
introduced to our collections. ,

With the foregoing simple directions every amateur may
venture to mdulge in the pleasure of growing these delightful
little Orchids. _

p THEOPHRASTA ImPERIALIS. — At the last meeting of
the scientific committee of the Royal Horticultural Society
of London Prof. Dyer exhibited seeds of the plant called in
gardens Theophrasta imperialis (Regel, Gartenflora, t. 453).
From the evidence now forthcoming it appears that the
plant in question is certainly no Theophrasta, but belongs
to a different family, Sapotaceae, The seeds have also the
character of those of the last named order, having a very
large hilum with the micropyle at one end.

— CRvsrar PALACE éRpAT rLowee saow. — The date
of holding this attractive show has been altered from May
16 to May 9. | |

— Exmmrriox or ve Socréré Rovazr De FLoRE, BRUS-
SELS. — This show was held in the New Exchange, on

April 4. Important duties having prevented us from being

present in the capacity of judge, one of our correspondents
s with same notes which we
Shall publish in our next,

s E. A.

165

à
3
4
F
La
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3

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BéDefannemeker F4 Ai IRL. 12 Morte Lind

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#-ELUSTRATION H'oRTicoLe.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE,

PI, CLXV.

ONCIDIUM SARCODES, LpLey

NAT, ORD. ORCHIDACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from y» a tumour in allusion to the callosities present on the labellum of most species.

GENERIC CHARACTER : Perianthium explanatum. Sepala

saepins undulata ; lateralibus nunc sub labello connatis, Petala

conformia. Labellum maximum, ecalcaratum, cum columna continuum, varie lobatum, basi tuberculatum vel cristatum. Columna

libera, semiteres, apice utrinque alata. Axfhera semibilocularis,

rostello nunc abbreviato, nunc elongato rostrato, Pollinia 2,

postice sulcata, caudicula plana, glandula oblonga. — Herbae epiphytae nunc psendobulbosne, Folia corincea. Soapi

vaginati, varius simplices. Flores speciosi, lutei, saepius maculati, raro albi. (Lindley, Genera and species of Orchidaceous plants),
SPECIFIC CHARACTER : pseudobulbi subeylindrici 0"075 longi; folia 2-3 apice pseudobulborum, erecta, lanceolata; pani-

cula racemosa, angustata; scapus erectus, 033 longus; flores magni, brunnoo-lntei ; sepala libera obovata, planiuscula; petala

majora unguiculata-obovata-spathulata repanda; Zabelli lobi laterales nani serrulati, intermedius maximus undulatus repandus

emarginatus ; cris{a linearis apice biloba tuberculosa pubescens ; columnae pubescentis albae clinandrium anguste marginatum alis

carnosis truncatis glabris. — In Brasilia. — Vid. viv. in hort. Linden, — Charact, pracsert. e el. Lindley descript, desumptis. — E. À.
Oncidium sarcodes, Lindley, Journ. of the Hort. Soc. IV, 260,

This beautiful Orchid was described by Lindley more than
five-and-twenty years ago, from specimens collected in Bra-
zil; and it is also known under the name of O. Rigoyanum,
given by Paxton. Although it has been repeatedly introduced,
it has always remained rare in collections; and we were
very much gratified at seeing it again in flower last year,
at M. Linden’s. It is a strong growing species, with nearly
-_ cylindrical pseudobulbs, from two and a half to three inches
long, surmounted with two or three lanceolate erect leaves.

The flowers are yellow mixed with a brownish-red and
spots of a deeper tint, are borne several together in
narrow panicles, a foot or more in length.

The sepals are free, obovate and nearly flat, and the

somewhat larger clawed petals, are obovate-spathulate and

Rigbyanum, Part. Mag. XVI, 257, et Van Houtte, F1, des Ser, VI, 237.

incurved. The labellum is brond, the lateral lobes but
slightly developed , and the central one very large, undula-
ted and curved, of a pretty yellow, spotted with deep green.

The pubescent crest is linear and bilobate at the summit,
and the narrow white column is furnished with fleshy cun-
eate glabrous wings. According to Lindley, it has quite
the habit of O, pubes and O. amictum. It is distinguished
from its allies by its downy column, serrated side-lobes of
the lip, and its peculiar hairy bilobed crest.

In addition to its singular beauty this plant possesses the
important good quality of easy culture, being as free à
grower as most of its congeners from the Brazilian forests.

#0 DS À,

CANNASy OR INDIAN SHOT PLANTS.

Count de Lambertye, who has long been engaged upon
this very ornamental genus of plants, and who has bestowed
great care upon their elucidation, has recently published in
the Revue Horticole a summary of his investigations since |
1869. We believe we shall be doing good service by placing
the following abstract before our readers, which embraces
the best varieties for cultivation. We shall thus enable the
lovers of these plants to improve their collections by substi-
tuting the better varieties of the last few years for the older
inferior ones.

A. CANNAS SUITABLE TO GROW FOR THEIR FLOWEERS :
Compactum, Nardy; Ed. Morren, Sisley; Gaboniensis, Croïzy;
Imperator, André; Jean Vandaet, J. Sisley; Comte de Lam-
bertye; Chaté; Mad” Schmiat, Nardy; Prince Impérial,
Chrétien; and Sénateur Chevreau.

B. CANNAS WITH FINE FOLIAGE AND PRETTY FLOWERS :
discolor violacea, Boucharlat; Gloire de Lyon, Croizy; and
üitiiflora, Warscewicz. ie

C. CANNAS SUITABLE TO GROW FOR MARKET : Pie IX and
Prince Impérial. — The first of these was raised by the late
M.'Rantonnet, and the other by M. Chrétien of Lyons. They
are two capital plants for growing for market or on a large
scale. They are of moderate size and perfect habit; the first
having deep yellow flowers tinged with cinnabar, and the
second bright red. If the offsets are placed in a hot-bed about
the middle of March they will make nice plants by the middle
of June.

ARRANGEMENT FOR A VERY EFFECTIVE BED.

Length 46 feet, breadth 23 feet.
First row, 15 inches from the turf and 18 inches apart in the

| row, alternately Pée ZX and Prince Impérial.

Second row, 23 inches each way, Bihorelli.
Third row, * “ Prémices de Nice.
Fourth row, . + Annei superba.
Centre, 25 inches apart, each way, Auguste Ferrier.

Culture of Cannas, after the Count de Lambertye.

Divide the offsets towards the end of March leaving one
or two heads to each portion of rhizome , and slightiy plunge
them in the mould of a hot-bed, affording a continuous heat
of 65 to 75 Fahr.

In the course of a fortnight or three weeks all the buds
will have started,

About April 20, remove and pot the plants in 6-inch pots,
in a rich compost containing leaf-mould, with a drainage of
moss at the bottom. Plunge the potted plants in the same
hot-bed, and if not of sufficient height, place one frame
above the first : shade, syringe, shelter at night, and ventilate
in about a week’s time. Plant out about May 20 in a rich

well-moved soil, adding a little course mould around each .

plant. À good top dressing and frequent and liberal watering
during the summer will ensure healthy and luxuriant foliage. =.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CLXVI.

CARLUDOVICA IMPERIALIS, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

NAT. oRD. CYCLANTHACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : Dedicated by Ruiz and Pavon
patrons of botany.

to king Charles IV of spain and his Queen Louisa, who were munificent

G à - fl | 24 (8) y , i Ï Ï . Sp à. y lindricus
i P ,
?

carnosurn ,

limbi brevissimi multifidi lobis biseriatis, aestivatione imbricatis. Slamina plurima, perigonii parietibus inserta ; filamenta
imbi brevissimi s

cum ovario

b tum, limbo supero, quadrifido, persiste. Staminodia 4, limbi lacinüis opposita et basi adnata, filiformia.
cubico connatum, ; Ù !

+ + - + ] ] . . + 0 l ] 0 I « , S
nga u ua , 9

sessile, cruciforme, Bacea tetragona, perigonii limbo superata,

unilocularis. Semina plurima, oblongo-cylindrica. — Plantae

ameri 1 ] j nti FT) dentibus, radiculis
isst ; t plurimum lignescentibus, saepissime scan ;
1 j lescentes v. rarissime acaules; caulibus u sr i
1 ques den interdum ex üiisdem funium ad instar pendulis, semper tamen in solo radicantibus, foliis
; : . “ ge + . . à
bre sd n* hum attenuatis, bi- v. rarius flabellatim tri-quinquepartitis, spadicibus axillaribus v. D pedunoulatis,
ny : De albis v ER floribus masculis caducissimis, foemineorum staminodis longissimis, primum lineis dedaleis
mem 4 * . LE] : à à
cirea spadicem flexis et eidem oppressis, mox pendulis, cito deciduis. (Endl. (ren. PI. 1713.)

Carludovica, Ruiz et Pavon, Prodr. 136, t. 31.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : radix fibrosus ; caudex brevissimus, repens, radicans folia ne “erècts, basi ma vagi-
nantia, marginibus scariosis; pefioli basi tumidi, viridi-violacei, glaucescentes, robusti, Du marginibus convolutis > Le
subteretibus : lmbus bipartitus unicostatus costis 2 infra valde prominentibus, lobis D + 60 cent. longis. 12 Ses pr
nitente-viridibus, late plicato-sulcati suberecti apice decurvati, sulcis linea media elevata percursis ; scapus erectus brevis apice
incrassatus ; spathae amplexantis foliolae magnae inaequales cucullatae acuminato-acutae ec sensé ect brunneo-sal-
monene, remotae, superiores minores; spadix cylindraceus elongatus, roseus, vitta carnosa nigrescens . pu florum
foemineorum amplexans ; sfaminodia (v. filamenta sterilia) longissima et numerosissima, cito post anthesin decidua. — Ecuador

- 1863. Ad viv. desc. in hort. Linden. — E, A.

We have had this beautiful species under observation at

M. Linden’s for a good many years, and have watched its
progressive developmént with the greatest interest. It has
excited general admiration at the exhibitions where it has

been shown, and will now be sent out after a long probation.

It is of vigorous and luxuriant growth ; its fine large shining

. bipartite leaves, with strikingly prominent ribs, its violet-

red petioles, shaded with salmon, and its projecting clusters
of flowers : all combine to render it one of the most effective :
foliage plants in cultivation. We can strongly recommend
it as one of the most magnificent plants with ornamental
foliage, amongst the more recent introductions from Colom-
bia; and there is little doubt that it will become a great
favourite. Ep. A.

— Beconia Worrarana, Barré. — M. Barré, gardener
for M.Worth, at Suresnes , near Paris, obtained this beautif ul
variety from seed. It is reported as a plant of great merit,
and is now being sent out. It belongs to the section with
tuberous roots. The stems are stout and fleshy, of à green
colour and about 15 to 18 inches high. The leaves are bi-
stipulate at the base, green on both surfaces, and of an

à obliquely ovate-acuminate outline. The large, drooping flow-
ers are of an orange-red shaded with Carmine and are borne
on reddish peduncles. They are said to exceed in beauty
those of B. Sedeni.
This plant will prove valuable for bedding out in half-
shaded places during the Summer ; and will
become plentiful in gardens.

‘doubtless soon

troduced into British gardens from Li
In 1836, in flowered in the Glasgow Botanic :

in 1656, garden and
figured in the Botanical ï ywi 4
= bas recently been reintroduced from the A

+.

NEW PLANTS,

but most likely, M. Roezl., who is in correspondence with
M. Ortgies, the curator of the Botanic Garden of Zurich.
B. octopetala has lobed , cordate or reimform, toothed leaves,
borne upon long petioles. The flowers are white , pink or
more or less red, and very large for the genus. Several are
borne together on the long scapes; the male-flowers being
larger and usually 8-petaled , whilst the smaller females
Commonly have only six petals. As observed by sir W. J.
Hooker, in his description of this plant in the Botanical
Magazine, it has very much the aspect of an Anemone, both
in foliage and flower. In short, it is a very beautiful species
of the tuberous-rooted set, and the white-flowered variety
offers an excellent subject for bybridisation with some of
the numerous forms in Cultivation.
E. A.

À new variety of this hand-
talked about, is now announ-
It differs from the ordinary. form
foliage, contrasting admirably with
S parent. The variety in question was
Fowler, the gardener at Castle Kennedy ; and
a novelty of great merit.

— AÂBres Douarasrr STAIRIT. —
some Pine, which has long been
ced as ready to send ont.
in its beautiful silvery
the rich dark green of it
detected by Mr
is stated to be

166

LLUSTRATION :H RTIGOLE

pr se 19
ex Forte À;

“Dcf)
/ “Pannemaeker 24 nat
» AG ré PLR

ÿ i L'inden, publ.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CLXVII.

DIEFFENBACHIA LANCIFOLIA, 1NDEN & anDRé.

NAT. ORD, AROIDEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : A dedicatory name in honour of Dieffenbach, à German TER

GENERIC CHARACTER. — Spatha vegeto-persistens,
tibus, basi connatis, circumdata, plurilocularia,

Fra Spadix parte feminea acerata. Ovaria staminodiis ovarium superan-

abortu unilocularia), stigmate sessili, convexo, 1-3-gibbo. Fi i

s -3- . Fructus

baccas sphaeroïdeas rubras monstrans. Semen exalbuminosum. Embryo bn ioitns SÉiation ë Éd
’

e admotiva. Caudex erectus vel

decumbens. Petioli fol. inferiorum longiores, proportione brevius folior. spadiferorum breviores, altius et latius vaginati. Lamina

fol. infer. major,

spadiciferorum minor, imo cuneato, semper oblonga vel ovata, inlegerrima. —
SPECIFIC CHARACTER : affinis D. pictae: caulis erectus, cylindraceo-nodosus, ,

Schott Prod. Aroid. 396.
carnosus, atroviridis ; vaginae tenues trans-

lucentes albidae ; petioli breves late amplexicaules maculis viridibus albidisque depictis, in costa alba infra limbum elongati, apice

auriculis 2 erectis obtusis membranaceis translucentibus muniti;
mucronato-decurvatus, textura pergamenea, costa paulo prominente, marginibus undulatis, superficie nitente-viridi

- L L] k L sé L - . 02 ÿ
. multis luteolis sparsis alterisque paulis miveis minutis conspersus ; flores.…

desc. in hort. Lind. — E, A.

limbus lanceolatus oblique subcordatus longe acuminatus apice
maculis per-
— In Columbia legit Roezl, anno 1871. — Ad viv.

Dieffenbachia lancifolia, Linden and André, in Land. Catal. 1874.

The horticultural public is indebted to M. Roezl for the
introduction of this pretty plant. He discovered it in Colum-:
bia in 1871 and sent it to M. Linden. It has long been
described, but we were compelled to wait until its propa-
gation was ensured, before we could speak of it as a novelty
within the reach of all who might desire to possess it. We
are fully persuaded that it will be extremely welcome to all
lovers of plants with ornamental foliage. It is readily disting-
uished, at the first glance, by its narrow lanceolate leaves,
which find no counterpart amongst the species of Déeffen-
bachia introduced into England and Belgium during the last
few years. In habit it comes near our D.picta, but it difiers
considerably in its foliage, and greatly exceeds the latter in
beauty.

The stout cylindrical stems are fleshy and tumid between
the petioles, and the delicate transparent sheathes of the
latter are nearly white, encircling the stem for a considerable

length. The petioles are spotted with green and white, and
extend along the under side of the blade in a white rib.
The blade itself, the chief ornament of the plant, is elon-
gate-lanceolate, obliquely cordate at the base, terminat-
ing in à recurved mucro. In texture it is rather more
pergamentaceous and less decidedly fleshy than in most spe-
ces. The beautiful polished green midrib is scarcely raised
above the upper surface, and from it more or less nume-
rous pale yellow blotches are given off, here and there inter-
mixed with others of a pure white.

With this, as with many other species of this genus, so
enormously increased within the last few years, we have not
had an opportunity of examining the flowers.

It will succeed admirably in an ordinary stove; and should
be frequently renewed from suckers, which it gives off
abundantly. Indeed this is the only way to secure fine foliage.

Er. A.

PES

THE KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD,
THE POTATO BEETLE OF COLORADO.

_ Our gardens and fields, already ravaged by so many
scourges, are threatened by another, in the shape of an
American beetle, which has given rise to à great deal of
talk. We hold it our duty to make our readers acquainted
with the nature of this new enemy, at least so far as our
information goes; for though it has not yet appeared on
our shores, it is greatly to be feared that it will do s0. The
British Government, in reply to an urgent request from the
Central Chamber of Agriculture, has refused to interfere

with the importation of American Potatoes, for, # according
to American Official Reports, it does not appear that the
eggs or larvæ of the Colorado Beetle have been or are de-
posited or conveyed in the tubers of the Potato. ,

For some years past two very destructive coleopterous
insects, Lytta atrata and Cantharis viniaria, have been
causing great damage to the Potato crops in North America.

However, the exercise of a little care is sufficient to hin-
der the spread of these insects; but a third has appeared

in the United States, which threatens to prevent the culti-
vation of the Potato and utterly annihilate this valuable
tuber.

This insect is the Doryphora decemtineata, or more cor-
rectly, Chrysomela decemlineata, Dejean. Its specifie name
refers to the ten black lines which traverse the yellow
ground of the elytra. It was originally found on the Rocky
Mountains, feeding upon Solanum rostratum — not, às
has been erroneously stated, on S. Carolinense, L. From
thence it spread over the first Potato-plantations made on
the slopes of the mountains, rapidly advancing eastward
and devastating the crops. In 1859 it was observed in Ne-
braska, 100 miles west of Omaha; in 1861 it reached Iowa ;
in 1865 it had crossed the Missouri and the Mississipi, and
invaded Illinois; in 1868 it appeared in Indiana, and in
1870 in Ohio and the borders of Canada, in Pennsylvania,
not far distant from NewYork, and finally in Massachussetss.
In 1871 the district around Lake Michigan was overrun, a

60

also the Erie country; and doubtless all the surrounding
regions will sooner or later suffer the depredations of this
formidable plague, which fears no variations of temperature.
It is morever to be feared that it may be conveyed to our
. shores : and once imported, it is impossible to estimate the
mischief and misery it would cause.

The Colorado Beetle increases at a marvellous and serious
rate, depositing its eggs several times during the year.
Towards the end of April or in May, the female lays from
700 to 1200 eggs in clusters of 12 or 13 on the under side
of the leaves. In 5 days the larvæ are hatched and prey
upon the plants for a period of seventeen days, after which
they burrow into the earth and are metamorphosed to the
chrysalis stage, and at the expiration of fourteen days attain
the perfect state. À new deposit of eggs follows, continuing
to the third generation in the same year, the last wintering
in the ground.

A field attacked by these insects is completely stripped in
a few days. Various substances have been tried to fight
this insidious enemy. One only, verdigris, has been found

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

| efficacious, and here the remedy is worse than the evil, as

it is a virulent poison. The sole means of defence left is

to collect and burn the Potato haulm as soon as the eggs
are deposited.

The eggs of this Chrysomela may be known by their deep
orange-yellow colour. The grub or caterpillar is at first of
a dark nearly black colour, changing to à deep red with a
slight shading of orange.

The perfect insect, or beetle itself, is oval in shape, about
6 lines long by 4 broad, and of a creamy yellow marked
with ten longitudinal black stripes. It has been proved to
attack not only the Potato, but likewise several other Soza-
naceae, as the Winter cherry, Love apple, Aubergine, etc.
It is greatly to be desired that the European Governments
should prohibit the importation of American Potatoes, which
might bring with them this terrible pest. We have already
more than enough of the * American Blight ,, (Aphis lani-
gera,) the Vine Beetle, KPAylloxera vastatrix,) and other

plagues involuntarily presented to us by our neighbours
E. A.

across the Atlantic.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THB COLOURS OF FLOWERS-.

No art can possibly do justice to the refulgent tints found
amongst flowering plants. It is not only in the flaming scarlets
and crimsons that art fails, for it falls equally short in any
attempt to exactly reproduce the most modest tints.

True it is, that one sees at exhibitions of oil and water-
colour paintings, and in some magazines—as in the one we
now write for—plants portrayed in which the colours seem
refulgent enough; but if these copies from nature be placed
side by side with nature itself, there is as much difference
between the colour of the two as between harmony and dis-
cord in music.

The one thing artists can never perfectly get is transpar-
ency, and this difficulty is far more insurmountable in the
illustrations for a journal like the Forat Magazine. It is as
impossible to represent the opal like light as seen passing
through the petals of some white Lilies as it would be to paint
the rays of light playing about a diamond, or the blaze of fire
from the sun itself. The best and purest scarlet colour used
by artists, if placed by the side of petals of a field Poppy or
scarlet Pel lum, i ately looks like a piece of clay.
The same with erimsons : our best crimson-lakes, when pla-
ced near the petals of some Geraniaceae, at once put on a
liver-like appearance. Scarlets, in Nature, are transparent,
and such a thing as a transparent scarlet pigment is unknown.

immaÂs

Les ?

Nov if we glaze over one of our artificial scarlets with a wash

of pure purple, the painting immediately looks like mud ;
but what is more common in some scarlet Orchids (as in
Masdevallia Veitchii) than to see a vivid

scarlet shot with |

brilliant purple? On an examination of the epidermal cells
with a microscope, some of the mystery is explained, but any
attempt at imitation inevitably ends in failure. The same
remarks apply with equal truth to all other tints. — be they
purple, blue, green, yellow or orange. It is in the experience
of every artist that, on looking at some flower possessing
brilliant coloration, the tint be at first took for scarlet, soon
appears to him as scarlet-orange ; when, on returning to the
plant, it is crimson-scarlet, or a crimson possibly shot with
some magenta hue. In every light flowers display new tints,
new effects of light and shade, and new beauties, which the
artist is indeed fortunate if he can at all catch. Yellows,
as found in some Oncidiums, are very pure and lovely, and

our chromes come nearest ; but chromes are perfectly opaque,

whilst the yellows in the Orchids are as perf ectly transparent:
It is common for artists to fail in their tints of green, not
because of their non-appreciation ‘of the colour, but because
no artificial greens Can be found or compounded to properly
match Nature. Some light coloured Roses are especially diff-
Cult; the petals do not appear of the same tint when detached
from the flowers, and in matching the hue for imitation,
the petals first appear rose, with a blush of transparent
scarlet; then à suggestion of salmon colour shows itself or
a glimmering of rosy-purple, which in theory seems ‘impos-
sible, but in Nature is a reality. These tints, without doubt,
all exist in the flower itself, but no artist , except the Great
Designer of all flowers, can perfectly reproduce them.
W.G.S. in “ Floral Magazine. ,

2

L2

61 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 62

CHINESE AND JAPANESE LACQUER.

The sobret of the composition of this substance has long
defied the inquiries and investigations of Europeans. It is,
however, not the only mystery that has baffled the ingenuity
of our artists and manufacturers to avoid the enormous
tribute we annually pay to the far East.

For a long time it was thought to be impossible to re-
cognise the basis of the different sorts of lacquer so cleverly
employed by the Chinese and Japanese in the embellishment
of small ware, toys and furniture. We owe our knowledge
that lacquer is a reddish resinous exudation obtained by
incision from a tree called Zsi-chou to Roman Catholic Mis-
sionaries, and mainly to Father d'Incarville. This tree is
the Rhus vernicifera of botanists, a member of a family
rich in resin-producing species. It is indigenous in several
provinces of China and Japan, and has even been found as
far westward as Nepal.

In the preparation of the lacquer, the first process is to
free the resin from its watery constituents, which is effected
by exposure to the sun and frequent stirring with a wooden
spatula.

Afterwards,the materials characterising the different kinds
of varnish are mixed with it. The ordinary sort, or shining
varnish (Kouang-tsi), is a compound of the resin, pig’s gall
and vitriol. By adding to this pulverised charred bones of
thestag, or ivory black, mixed with the volatile oil obtained
from the tea plant, the beautiful black Japanese lacquer
(Fang-tsi) is obtained. The white variety is manufactured
from the common sort by adding silver-leaf; red by the
addition of cinnabar, (salphuret of mercury.) or safflower,
Carthamus tinctorius; yellow by orpiment; green by orpi-
ment and indigo ; and violet by the mixture of a powdered
stone called #se-che. Another rare and valuable varnish, the

… Noa-kin-tsi, furnishes the materials for the golden ornamen-

tations on the fancy articles received from those countries.

Before applying the lacquer, the surface of the article to
be lacquered 18 polished as smooth as it is possible to bring
it, all cracks and depressions being carefully stopped with
silk-tissue or paper, and then à coating of the oil of Joug-
chou, (Elaeococca vernicifera or Aleurites cordata), over
which, when dry, the lacquer is spread. Two or three very
thin coats still leave the grain of the wood visible. Increasing
the number of coats the colour of the material is hidden,

and a bright shining surface is obtained, upon which the

silver ornamental design is painted, a final coat of varnish
completing the work.

Another method of lacquering is by first covering the wood
with a coating of paste compounded of paper, tow, whit-
ing, etc. This preparation forms a firm close groundwork,
upon which successive layers of lacquer are applied. A flat
new hair pencil is used in laying on the lacquer, and this
is done with greatest nicety, of an equal thickness all over,
without streaks or ridges. The operators work in quite close
rooms, and in order to avoid all dust, they wear nothing
beyond their drawers where the work is carried on. The
atmosphere is kept rather moist than not, and the tempera-
ture is varied according to nature of the work in hand. After
each coat of lacquer the surface in rubbed down with a
burnisher made of very fine brick-dust, pig's blood, tong-
yeou oil, chalk water and a kind of earth called tou-tse. The
last coat alone is not subjected to the process of rubbing
down. The ornamentation of lacquered work is performed

by special, and occasionally, very clever artists. The design

is first of all sketched out in white-lead with a delicate
pencil, and then the outlines are marked with a sharply
pointed steel instrument, and the details afterwards filled in.

Frequently, too, the artist prepares his design separately
on paper with Indian ink. À pupil going over the tracing
with liquid orpiment, the sheet of paper is then applied to
the lacquered surface leaving thereon an impress of the
design. Removing the paper the imprint of the pattern is
done over with orpiment and vermillion dissolved in gum
water. The next process is to overlay the figures with Noa-
kin-tsi, camphor varnish, which is a mordant intended to
take golden shellac, which is laid on by means of a pad dipped
in gold dust. The raised work finished with so much art, is
effected by successive coatings of lacquer and gold dust.

The perfection to which this work is carried in its different
processes in Japan, gives the products of this Empire a
marked superiority over articles of Chinese manufacture,
though the mode of work is exactly the same in bôth coun-
tries. This superiority dates centuries back, and is still

maintained.

It is in the manufacture of the articles where the Japanese
excel, and nothing should hinder us, now that we know the
process, from trying competition with the clever artists of
China and Japan.

NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.

Dictionnaire de Pomologie. — Les Pommes, Pomological Dictionary. Apples, by M. André Beroy. ()

We have received the third and fourth volumes of the
gigantic work devoted to Pomology by M. André Leroy.

The Apples form a monograph , if not of absolutely all the
varieties cultivated in Europe and America, at least of all
the principal and most desirable sorts. The idea, indeed,
of such a vast undertaking is worthy of admiration, a task
that the monks alone of the middle ages would have ventured
to impose upon themselves. Every fruit has been grown by

M. Leroy and described from fresh specimens. Each des- |
cription of the 550 varieties admitted, embodies the following | and figures

particulars : Description of the tree : Wood, shoots, lenticels,

nodes, buds, leaves, petioloh. stipules, pété irenet and
culture. Description of the fruit : Size, shape, stalk, eye,
skin, flesh, juice, time of ripening, period of use and quality.
Then follow Aistoricat Notes and Observations.
The historical portion is treated very fully and with great
care and discrimination. Not a single detail observed by
the author has been forgotten, and we are justified in saying

() Two large octavo volumes, 880 pages , including descriptions
of 550 varieties. To be had of the author and the HE

booksellers.

*

à THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

64

that with the exception of a few inaccuracies, inevitable in
a work of so great an extent, this part exhibits a perfect
mastery of the subject. The synonomy, also, 1S à a
that has been treated at exhaustive length, the result 0

* strongly recommend to fruit-growers and nurserymen.

The Apple, the first amongst fruits to engage attention
here below —= to our sorrow, it appears — deserved the
honour of such a work. The first mention of the appletree
“we find in the Song of Solomon ; all other references belong
to the region of fable. Indeed no version of the Old Testa-
ment contains anything more definite than the word fruit
for the produce of the Tree of knowledge of good and evil. In
translating it by the word “apple , the author of the Arbore-

_tum Bibicum, Ursinus, could not resist making the follow-

ing play upon words : £ malo nascitur omne malum (1) which
is little better than that which we learn at school: Malo
malum cum malo quam malum sine malo (?).

"After an examination of the antagonistic opinions of va-
rious authors, M. Leroy comes to the conclusion that the
apple tree is indigenous in the forests both of Europe and
Asia, and,not in Asia alone, as contended by M. Koch in
his Dendrologie.

The varieties cultivated by the Greeks were not very nu-
merous. Homer and other writers barely mention them.
Theophrastus points out 6 sorts, namely Agrestal, Urban,

Spring, Melimelums, Epirotics, and Serotines. Theocritus

only mentions the Dionysians; and Dioscorides adds nothing
to this list.
“e The Romans possessed greater variety, as many as 26
L inds being indicated by Cato, Varro, Columello and Pliny.
de Thés are : Malum musteum, orbiculatum, biferum, Scan-

an » Matianun , Pelusianum , Americanum , Syricum ,
tie Une, mn Appianum , Sceptianum , Petisium ,
cu à gen lt Melapium , Melimelum , Epiroticum ,

Onium, Melofotium, Pannuceum ,

pul-

| Ë décline of the Roman Empire, and the

. Very soon apple trees spread all over
but the handsomest and best sorts still maintained a high
73 From the year 1200 to 1498 we find 32 varieties enu-
and more or less completely d
y escribed. From
: ban (1498) to Louis XI, Charles Estienne catalogues
. 1 +0 (1540); Jean Bauhin (1598 to 1613) gives 18;
livier de Serres (1600) augments the number to 32, and le
# < ér’s list includes 35 names.
In more ee de number of sorts has rapidly

r Normandy,

ei

+ 4 ) The te mother of all evil.

QI pr à
. an À appears with an apple to an apple-tree without

# laborious and careful research, and which we cannot too |

sud . over the arts and sciences j in the capital

increased. La Quintyne, who was no great friend of apples,
displays his aversion ‘to them and his love for the country
where they most abounded im his celebrated Znstructions

(1690). Twenty years before this date, Dom Claude Saint-

Etienne published a list of 153 varieties; but he does not
appear to have had many imitators, for all subsequent authors
give a much smaller number. We must pass on to Pierre

Leroy d'Angers (1790) for a list embracing as many as 163

varieties.

The third period, dating from the French Revolution, is
quite the reverse, showing a rapid increase in the number
and improvement in the quality of cultivated apples. M. A.
Bivort, 1847-1860, describes 116 varieties ; M. Mas, in 1873,
reaches to 104 , and the Dictionnaire de Pomologie of M. A.
Leroy includes 550 varieties with 1880 synonymes. But a
line must be drawn somewhere, and we are amongst those
who will congratulate M. Leroy upon his having halted on
the right side of tediousness.

The chapters devoted to the cultivation, propagation, ete.,
of the apple are carefully written and replete with valuable
information, the result of patient and deep study.

To sum up briefly, M. Leroy has presented us with à val-
uable and useful book, one which speaks favourably for the
advance of Arboriculture and Pomology, and one which does

honour to its author. E. A. s

_ Notice respecting volumes I and II of the Diction-
naire de Pomology.

The question of synonomy being of the utmost import-
ance to Pomologists we direct the attention of the pos-
sessors of the preceding volumes of this work devoted to
the Pears, to the following notice which we have received
from M. ins

“ Since the publication of my Histoire du Poirier, for-
ming the two first volumes of the Dictionnaire de Pomotogie,
the continued study of the various sorts in my nurseries
has enabled me to establish the identity of the. fonovine
varieties , previously regarded as distinct: *

1 Abbé Perez has proved to be

the same as

2 Angobert. .

3 Arbre courbé.

4 Bergamote de Bugey.

5 Beurré Caty.

6 Bonne de Soulers.

7 Colmar Charni.

8 Doyenné Louis.

9 Doyenné Sentelet.
10 Duc de la Force. D.

. Virgouleuse.
Mansuette Double.
Amiral.
Bergamote de Pâques.
Orpheline d'Enghien.
Bergamote de Pâques.
Léon Leclerc Epineux.
Doyenné de Saumur.
Doyenné Commun.
Bellissime d'Hiver.

11 Duchesse de Brabant. Soldat-Laboureur.
12 Henri Bouet. = Doyenné commun.
13 Saint Augustin. is Vernusson.

» Not to be Re Emay add that I do not SE

to say that all the Pears above mentioned should be classed

: Synonymes, but simply that those I have received under
these names were already in my collection bearing different

names. ,

L À

A. LEROY,

65 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE,

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

May, 1874.

— Tue ExrrerTion 4T FLORENCE. — As we are writing
this we are just upon the point of starting for Florence
from whence our next communication will be dated. The
influx of strangers to the “ City of Flowers , is already very
great, and this grand Exhibition is sont all the attrac-
tions of a great national festival. Our note-books will rapidly
fill, and we hope to lay their contents before our readers in
our next issue. There is no doubt that Horticulture has made
great progress in Italy during the last few years, the extent
of which, we in the more northern regions are, to à certain
degree, ignorant. The time has gone past ris the Italian
market gardeners, according to the anecdote of Alphonse
Karr, threw their cauliflower plants into holes in the ground
and saw no more of them for three months afterwards, when
they went to cut them. A hasty run through Italy durié
the past winter has convinced us of the existence of great
improvements in cultivation and an increase of amateurs
cultivators. The Exhibition of Florence will unfold to our
view the results of this forward step. #

— SPERMACOCE HISPIDA AND THE BaoBar. — We have
lately received a letter from M. Contest-Lacour, our corres-
pondent at Pondicherry, from whick we make the following
extracts :

“ A careful analysis and trial of the seed of Spermacoce
hispida prove it to contain very similar properties to those
of the coffee. I send you some seed, and with it a quantity
of the woody fibre of the Baobab (Adansonia digitata), which
will, I think, be useful in the manufacture of paper. These
qualities Mood. confirmation from the experiments of com-
petent men, for the discovery would be of the inestimable
value in the. colonies, Senegal, for instance where immense
tracts of waste land might be profitably cultivated, etc. ,

We shall examine the objects forwarded by M. Contest-
Lacour with great interest. The confirmation of his antici-
_ pations would, indeed , be of importance, and we shall soon
know what to think in the matter. :

— LILIUM AURATUM WITH DOUBLE FLOWERS. — Last year,
the Lily Royal of Japan shewed a curious duplification in

the garden of M. Boisgiraud, an amateur at Tours. The |

Horticultural Journals chronicled the fact , which, according
to M. Krelage of Haarlem, is neither new nor rare. In the
. Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1865 there is an account of a semi-
double and also of a completely double-variety. And in 1866
the same Journal mentions another instance of the same
kind. Moreover several other species of Lilium are known
as having presented the same phenomenon.

— TEMPORARY HARMLESSNESS OF NeTTLes. — M. Du-
chartre has received a letter from M. Naudin of Collioures
(Eastern-Pyrenees) in which the learned member of the
Institute communicates an interesting observation made by

himself, after a very violent storm of wind of 24 hour's dura- |
tion, when allthe Nettles in the country around had lost | native flora. Without a great deal of labour many *

the power of stinging. They were handled with impunity, not

LL. paragraph was written (April 3

the least sensation of stinging being felt. By degrees, how-
ever, they regained their unpleasant property. At a recent
meeting of the Société centrale d'Horticuture, M. Duchartre

made the fact known, and added, by way of explanation,

that the wind had the effect of rendering the normally rigid

flaccid, and thus preventing them from being able to
penetrate the skin, which precedes the injection of the acrid
fluid. Hence this RE AE is more natural than it ap-
peared at the first outset, and there is probably some degree
of truth in the information so kindly tendered by knowing
school boys to their less experienced companions, that
“ Nettles don't sting this month. ,

— LeICESTER ANNUAL HosrouzruaaL EXHIBITION. —
This show will be held on the Race Course on Wednesday
and Thursday, July 1 and 2.

— PorsoniNGe By Purr-BALLS. — From the Scotsman we
learn that another case of severe illness, consequent upon
taking this fungus in too old a state, has occurred, While
preparing a lecture for the Pharmaceutical Society on edible
and poisonous Fungi, M° Sadler accidentally swallowed à
quantity of the spores of a large species of Puff-ball (Zyco-

perdon giganteum), and within the space of an hour and

a half he was seized with severe illness , accompanied wi
violent pains. The violent symptoms set not be subdu

until nine days after the first attack, by which time the

patient was much weakened. Sir Robert Christison , Bart.,

D° Balfour, and D' William Craig, who ‘have aftended Par

M: Sadler, are of opinion that the continued irritation was

kept up by the fungus spores. At the date : 1pon which the
M° Sadler was

confined to his bed. ns.
This fungus is only fit to eat when quite

what doubtful and treacherous delicacies, to be one of the
best, if not the very best flavoured of the edible fungi,
and perfectly harmless. ;

— Lens Horricuzruraz Socrery : — The eleventh
Exhibition of this Society will be held in the Horticultural
Gardens on June 10, 11, and 12. à

THE EFFECTS OF THE LATE FROSTS ON VeGeraTION. —
The accounts received from different parts of the country,

and our own observations, show that the repeated sharp

frosts have done à vast amount of injury, not only to
the fruit crops, the extent of which in many cases cannot

be correctly estimated at present, but they have. also à

destroyed the beauty of ornamental trees and shrubs in

many localities. And in some of the more favoured spots,
that is to say, more favoured in ordinary seasons, the havoc

has been greater in proportion to the more advanced state
of vegetation. Not merely tender exotic plants have suffered,
but numerous trees and herbaceous plants pe to the
orna-
mental , shrubs will afford anything but a pleasing sight

x |
and i DS à
that state it is affirmed by those who indulge à in Lo some-

ce"

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. &

ral weeks to come. The common oak at the present
Jay 20) is quite black in some places whilst in other
Jlocalit: ” not far distant it is full of foliage with young
shoots from 6-12 inches. Al the first flowers of the straw-
berry exhibit only too pronimently their “ black eyes ..
Vegetation being in advance of ordinary seasons has suf-
fered to an unusual extent. The mean temperature of the
greater part of February and March and the first balf
of April was considerably above the average, whereas since
the middle of April it has been almost daily below the
average, and during the past fortnight no less than 5°5,
according to M' Glaisher’s observations at Blackheath. :

— Pucornia MazvaceaRuM. — Last year, this microscopie
parasitical fungus, whose appearance we were the first to
announce, was reported from a few scattered localities in
England ; but this season it has already spread very widely,
and threatens the whole of the mallow tribe. We call atten-
tion to this fact in order to put our readers on the alert in
time to save their Hollyhocks and other Malvaceous flow-
ring plants, by the application of flowers of sulphur, or
some other remedy, if this should prove ineffectual.

— Cazrrornran Prars. — In the number of the Gardeners’
Chronicle for April 25, there is a representation of a branch
of à Pear-tree, bearing an altogether extraordinary number
of fruit. The branch in questin was about five feet long,
and bore at one time 203 pears, many of which measured
six inches in length. The name of the variety is not given.
The figure was taken from a photograph. The branch and
fruit weighed together 85 pounds, and originally 265 pears
were counted, sixty-two having fallen off in transit. This ex-
traordinarily fertile branch was produced last autumn in
: niche garden, on the Sacramento river, in Cali-

Re Ne
We à %

= RuoxR mRIGATION caxaz. — When summarising the
work of M. Sahut on the treatment of vines infested with
Phylloæera in our last issue, we mentioned that the only
really eflicacious remedy hitherto known, is flooding the
vineyard. This remedy , of course, is impracticable in the
majority of cases, very few vineyards being so situated as
to admit of submersion. We learn with pleasure that a
scheme, originating with M. Dumont; is under consider-
ation, having received the approval of the Conseit générat
des Ponts et Chaussées. This project is to construct a
canal, by means of which the vineyards in the depart-
ments of the Isère, Drôme, Vaucluse, Gard and Hérault
might be irrigated with water obtained from the Rhône.
It is hoped that an act empowering the promoters to Carry
out their plan will be passed this year, and the works
: begun next year, The time required to complete the works
- SpA decor at five years. In this way 656,000 hectares

The canal would cost one hundred million francs
and raise the value of the land by five hundred
(£ 20,000,000). A change of climate would be
about by this diversion of the waters

e now there is little, just as has happened with

this vast undertaking Commands our best | tri

— ANTHURIUM SomERzERTANUM Wicuramsir. — This plant
is the long-looked-for white flowered variety of À. Scherze-
rianum, at length obtained by M. Williams, the note
florist of Upper Holloway, who exhibited a specimen of it
at one of the recent meetings of the Royal Horticultura]
Society of London. The spathes are almost entirely white,
and the curled spadices are pale yellow; in every other res-
pect it is like the type.

M. Axpré Devos. — Thanks to the zeal of professor Ed.
Morren , the botanical collections of the University of Liége
have been considerably augmented within the last few years,
and they were specially enriched in 1867 by the addition of
numerous products from the Paris Exhibition. Such being
the case, à curator become needful ; and we are glad to learn
that the post has been given to M. André Devos, a distin-
guished botanist, and associated with M. Morren in the
Éphémérides Botaniques, recently noticed.

— Tae INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT FLORENCE. —
We are finishing this chronicle from the « City of Flowers ,,
and on the same day even as the Exhibition is opened.

This horticultural ceremony, à new thing for Italy, was
organised, as we have already stated, by a committee of
botanists and other notabilities, placed at the head of whom
was Professor Parlatore, and ably supported by his hard-
working secretaries, Signori d’Ancona and Fenzi. Unfort-
unately, Prof. Parlatore was unable to enjoy the perfect
success that crowned the work to which he had devoted
such unceasing labours. Illness overtook him at the moment
of triumph. When we visited him in his sick-chamber on
our arrival at Florence, he remarked that he had broken
down under the burden before the completion of his task,
but it gave him great pleasure to know that the undertaking
was successful. The King of Italy recognised his valuable
services , and conferred upon him the honour of a Comman-
der’s Cross ofthe Order of the Crown of Italy, a distinct-
ion that was universally popular.

The Exhibition was located in the beautiful building re-
cently erected by the municipality of Florence for the central
market, built from the designs of M. Mengoni the architect
of the famous Victor Emmanuel Gallery, Milan.

The opening ceremonial took place on May 11, in the
presence of the King and a large and brilliant assemblage
of the most fashionable society of Florence; the delegates
from the various Governments and Societies being presented
to His Majesty.

The following day the labours of the judges commenced,
and took no less than three days to bring to a conclusion.

On Friday, the 15, the first mecting of the Congress was
holden in the grand edifice of the Royal Society of Natu-
ral History, which had been recently re-decorated for the
occasion, aud where strangers had an opportunity of seeing *
the admirable arrangement of the botanica] collections, car-
ried out with so much skill and industry by Professor Par-
latore. We shall return to this interesting subject in our
report of the exhibition, which will be found on another page.

Meanwhile, we have much pleasure in testifying to the
perfect success of the undertaking, and the gratifying results
Attending this latest assemblage of botanists from all coun-

es,

E, À.

à KA 2e
E ELtustrarion k ORTICOLE::

é

PO Panaenueker » AL A: PEL. 1ù Horto Lin

J Linden , pubt.
EEE

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL, CLXVI.

CAMELLIA PIETRO BOUTOURLIN.

NAT. ORD. TERNSTROEMIACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : Dedicated to the memory of Father Camelli, a

introducers of Camellia Japonica, in 1739.
GENERIC CHARACTER: (:

jesuit missionary who visited Japan, and was one of the

) Sepala 5-6 inaequalia, a bracteolis ad petala subgradatim aucta. Petala basi breviter cohaerentin
valde imbricata. Stamina indefinita, exteriora pluriseriata, breviter vel fere ad

teriora 5-12 libera; antherae versatiles. Ovarium 3-5 loculare; styli fere a basi

apicem monadelpha et petalis basi adhaerentia, in
liberi vel plus minus coaliti; ovula in loculis 4-5

pendula. Capsula lignosa, saepius brevis et acutiuseula, loculicide dehiscens, Semina in loculis saepius solitaria, crassinscula, exalata ;

albumen nullum; embryo rectus, cotyledonibus crassis, radicula

vel membranacea, serrata. Flores azillares, solitarii vel aggregati, sessiles vel breviter pedicellati,

brevi supera. Arbores vel frutices. Folia sempervirentia et coriacca
saepe speciosi. Species ad 14,

in Asia tropicawel oriental vel in archipelago Indico crescentes. — Bentham et Hooker genera Plantarum 1, p. 187.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : C. Japonica, arborea, ramis petiolisque glabris,

natis, subtus subaveniis, floribus inodoris, petalis (rubris, albis,
fimbriatis) staminibus, ovariis, stylis connatis capsulisque glabris

The description of the species is limited to its differential
characters as distinguished from those of C. Hongkongensis,
Seem., etc.

Speaking of the distribution of C. Japonica, Seemann
says that it is not known in a wild state in China,
though it has been cultivated from time immemorial by
the Chinese. On the other hand, it is common throughout
Japan. The C. Hongkongensis of Seemann is very near C.
Japonica, differing mainly in having free styles and a woolly
ovary. Besides the two species mentioned, the genus, as
limited by Seemann and others, would comprise only four
others, one of which is little known, C. reticulata, Lindley,
including C. spectabilis, Champion, is distinguished by its
pubescent young shoots and the distinct reticulation of the
venation of the under surface, especially, of the leaves. The
form originally named by Lindley, and figured in the Bo-
tanicat Register, t. 1078, has semi-double, red flowers, with
large wavy petals, resembling a Pœony rather than the
compact flowers of the varieties of C. Japonica. The plant
named C, spectabitis has single white flowers in the normal
state. Both C. sasanqua and C. drupifera are smaller-flow-
ered, and of more rambling habit. The latter has fragrant
flowers. R f

There are many handsome varieties of these species

cultivated by the Chinese, but few of them are found, and
those very rarely, in European gardens. Many of the varieties
figured and referred to C. sasanqua, belong to Thea mali-
fora, Seem. which includes Camellia maliflora, Lindley and
C. rosaeftora, Hooker. Since the publication of Seemann’s
synopsis of the genera further material has been accumu-
lated in gardens and herbaria; and we intend returning to
a more detailed consideration of the species shortly.
W. B. H.

PR du dd de ne

(‘) The above generic character includes the genus Thea, of which
Messrs Bentham and Hooker, 1. c., say : " olim a Camellia ne
bus fallacibus distincta, nuper a Seemannio (Linnaean Society"

foliis ovatis vel ovato oblongis, acutis vel acumi-
flavidis, variegatisve) rotundatis emarginatis (vel in var, hortens.
. Seemann, Linnaean Transactions, XXII, 341.

PRITCHARDIA GRANDIS.

When writing in a recent number of the beautiful plant
described by Seemann under the name of Pritchardia paci-
fica, we took occasion to call attention to some new species
of later introduction; and we more particularly alluded to
a very fine species actually in the possession of M. Linden,
which we shall publish in due course. M. de la Devansaye,
a French amateur, had an idea that it was the same plant
as that lately introduced by M. W. Bull under the name of
P. grandis. But this is certainly not the one we had in view,
though of sufficient interest to justify us in dwelling upon
it for an instant.

Pritchardia grandis, figured in the Gardeners’ Chronicie of
March98, is a native of the Southern Archipelago. Mr. Bulls’
specimen is about three feet high. The stem appears some-
what angular and is clothed with a fibrous net-work. The
leaves, including the petiole, are about two feet long, with
an almost orbicular blade, truncate at the base.

The venation is palmate, and the blade is divided almost
all round into oblong narrow emarginate lobes. The colour
of the glabrous foliage is a beautiful bright green, paler
below. When young, the leaves are flat, but eventually con-
vex. The petioles are covered with slight prickles. P. grandis
is of regular habit and hardy appearance , and if more plants
of it can be procured it will doubtless be one of the finest
| ornaments of our stoves.

actions, XXII, 340) limitibas certioribus definita, nempe staminibus
interioribus liberis numero petalis aequalibus nec duplo pluribus,
pobis pro sectione habenda, nam genus (docentibus Griffithio aliisque)
in integrum servatum magis naturale videtur. ,, In D' Seemann’s syn-
opsis here referred to he would distinguish the two genera as follows :

Camera, L. Tara, Kaempr.
is de- 5 sepalus
Cal: lyphyllus, sepalis de Calyx bracteatus, us,
ds ne interiora duplo lis persistentibus. Stamina
ae-

petaloram numero. Styli 5 (abor-
tu 4 v. 3). — Flores sessiles,
erecti

qualia. Styli 3. — Flores pedun-
culati, declinati.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CLXIX.
GEONOMA GRACILIS, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

SLENDER GEONOMA.
Nar. Or. PALMACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from ysovouos, skilled in husbandry . er
R : icher, Genera Plant., N° 1751.

score pere Di de Wéddellianae, glabra; squamulae brunneo-nitidae caducae in toto planta Sparsho;
vaginae basilares scisso-retifor pice lato-truncatae; rachis gracilis 50 cent. longus ce ultra), D, basi subtus
teres, supra complanatus, in costam triangulatam supra bisulcatam inter pinnas pros: gas alternae ere ra ta 25-30
cent, longne, 2 cent. latne, lineari-acutae, eleganter recurvatae, marginibus subdeflexis , Devis supra rs pre 2 ultimis con-
jugatis: flores.. desunt. In Brasilia orientali primum a cl. Riedel lecta, postea a cl. Binot in Europam missa, circiter ann. 1873. —
Ad vivum deseripsi in horto Lindeniano. — E. À.

Cteonoma gracilis, Linden et André, in Lind. Catal. 1874.

— Riedeliana, H. Wendland, mss.

This delightful little Palm is a native of Brazil, and dried } intended for it by us, and inthis, we are pleased to say,
specimens of it were received from M. Riedel several years | we have the perfect concurrence of M. Wendland.
ago by M. Wendland of Herrenhausen, Hanover. Subse- The plant has not yet produced flowers under cultivation ;
quently, the plant was found in eastern Brazil, and M. Linden | and any further description in English would be à useless
obtained the first living specimens last year, through M. Binot, | addition to M. Pannemaeker’s very faithful illustration.
In habit it shows a striking resemblance to Cocos Weaddet- | Amongst the small Palms so much esteemed in England
liana (Glasiova elegantissima). We hesitated about naming | for table decoration, there is none, perhaps, that will gain
this pretty species, which had escaped Martius and other | so many admirers as this extremely elegant species, whose
Palmologists, until we met with the learned Hanoverian | foliage is of a beautiful dark green, and whose culture is of
botanist, M. Wendland, at the Florence Exhibition, the | the easiest. The plant from which our description was
other day, who informed us that the plant was known to him, | taken is still young, and about three feet high, and formed
and that he had given it the provisional name of Geonoma | one of the collection of twenty-five new Palms exhibited by
Riedeliana, but had not yet published it. There is, therefore, | M. Linden at the recent Exhibition in Florence, which
no cause why we should not retain the name originally | gained the first prize.

POMOLOGICAL CONGRESS AT VIENNA.
FRUITS ADMITTED IN 1873. 14. Conseiller à la Cour: October-November.
Upon the occasion of the Universal Exhibition at Vienna, 15. Nouveau Poitéau; October-November.
the Pomological and Œnological Congress assembled in that | 16. Passe Colmar; November-December.
city, at the beginning of last October, and held three meet- | 17. Bonne de Malines; December.
ings under the presidency of M. Lucas, director of the Pomo- | 18. Beurré Rance; January-March.
logical Institute of Reutlingen, Wartemberg. This gatherin g 19. Beurré Sterckmans ; January-March.
included no fewer than 172 affiliated members, and the | 20. Joséphine de Malines ; January-March.
RE gate was considerable, They have APPLES.
published in fall in the Monatshefte für Obst-und Wein- ; i:
bau, conducted by D° Lucas. nu.
Amongst other interesting matter, we find the following D’Automne C1 nE a : Homes
Lu nn . udius ; end September-October.
L UN . me < sRmrm à bete They will Schwarzenbach Pearmain ; September-October.
re pars 1 the selectons made by other Langton Nonpareil: end September middle October.
| Scarlet Pearmain ; October-November.
Reinette de Burchard ; October- December.
Noble Jaune: November-January.
. Reinette Jaune de Blenheim ; November-March.

1. Souvenir du Congrès : August-September.
2. Seigneur Esperen; September-October.
3. Fondante des Bois ; September-October.

RAP R Dr

4. Beurré Hardy; September-Octover ee Wagener ; November-December.
8. Dechant: October- November. : 11. Reinette Harbert ; December.
Beurré Capiaumont ; October. 12. Reinette d'Orléans ; December-March-April.
= T7. Marie Louise: October. 15. Beaufin P anaChé ; December-March.
ee Fat doi. 14. Ribston Pippin ; December-A pri.
__ . Louise Bonne d’Avranches : die : 15. Reinette grise de Canada : December-April-May.
+ : 10. Duchesse d'Angoulême : Fe 16. Reinette d'Oberdieck ; January-May.
M: Colmar d'Aremberg; October-November. 1 Rourtpendu Royal; Janary-May:
12. Soldat Laboureur; October-Novemper r5. Réinette Baumann; January-June. b
13. Beurré de Grumkow ; October- Nov, r 19. Reinette de Champagne ; March-June, Le

69

ÿ "à +: on, Lu: 4
ane ai nat nier rx rie Ltd. ;

PDeghannemaker anal pie. ir Morte And :

J Linden, publ

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CLXX.

ODONTOGLOSSUM BREVIFOLIUM, LINDLEY.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from odove, oyros, a tooth, and Vocca, à tongue, in allusion to the tooth-like appendages usually present at-

the base of the lip.

GENERIC CHARACTER: Perianthium explanatum aequale;
sum ecalcaratum planum unguiculatum ascendens, ungue cum basi

Anthera bilocularis. Pollinia, solida, caudicula lineari,

sepalis petalisque augustis acuminatis liberis. Labellum indivi-
columnae continuo, limbo reflexo diviso dentato apice angustato,

identata auctum. Cotuwmna elongata apice auriculata aut aptera.
euleu 6 glandula hamata. — Herbe epiphytae pseudobulbiferae. Folia plicata.
Scapus terminalis vaginatus. Flores speciosi. Kunth et Lindley.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : folia ovato-oblonga patentia; scapus simplex; bracteae oblongae membranacene pedicellorum longi-
tudine; sepala subrotunda unguiculata undulata, petalis paullo minora; Zabellum unguiculatum auriculatum cuneatum emarginatum
sepalis brevius basi tuberculis verrucosis 5 et appendice parva antica 3 dentata auctum; Clinandrium serratum în marginem
membranaceam alaeformem decurrens. — In Cordilliera peruviana prope Loxa.

Odontoglossum brevifolium, Lindley, in Benth. Plant. Hartweg., p. 152.

This pretty little species is a native of the Peruvian Andes,
in the neighbourhood of Loxa, and was described by Lindley
from specimens collected by Hartweg. It is highly remark-
able for the shortness of the solitary leaf surmounting the
oval oblong flattened pseudobulb.

Scape simple, furnished with oblong membranaceous
bracts ,.equal to the pedicels in length. Flowers rather large,
often nearly two inches in diameter, about a dozen or
sometimes even more borne on each scape. The sepals, or
outer divisions of the perianth ,are rounded, wavy and nar-

rowed into a claw; and the petals, though of the same shape,
are à little larger. The cuneate emarginate labellum is
cläwed and auricled, shorter than the sepals and provided
at the base with five warty tubercles and a three-toothed
appendage in front of them. The column is serrated and
bearing marginal membranous wings.

We saw this little-known species in flower in M. Linden’
establishment. It worthily deserves a place in this already
numerous genus of lovely cool-house Orchids.

E. A.

BEGONIELLA OLIVER, A NEW GENUS OF BEGONIACEAE. —

À new genus of this family, and, apparently, a very
distinct one, from a country so well known comparatively
as New Granada is, to say the least, rather unexpected.
At the same time it furnishes a strong proof that many
interesting types of very narrowly cireumscribed distribu-
tion may still remain undiscovered. The plant! in question
was found by R. B. White, Esq., in a new path through
the forests of the Atrato valley, at a point about thirty
miles due east of the town of Quibdo, on the Atrato river.
Its habitat is at an elevation of 500 feet above the sea
level, in the region of perpetual moisture, where the mean
temperature is 84° Fahrenheit. The plant was sent to
D° Hooker, and described and figured by Prof. Oliver in
the Transactions of the Linnaean Society, vol. XXVIIL.
In many points of structure it agrees with Begonia but
differs essentially in the gamophyllous perianth of the
male flowers, and in having the divisions of the perianth
of the female flowers united above the ovary forming à
cup-shaped or campanulate continuation of the adherent (?)
floral envelop. In all previously known Begoniaceae, the
divisions of the perianth are free to the base in the male
flowers, and in the female flowers they are not united

above the ovary. The stamens in Begoniella are four in

number, monadelphous and didynamous, and the stigmas
are multifid. Judging from M° Whites description, it
must be equally as attractive from an ornamental point
of view, as it is interesting in structure; and its early
introduction into our gardens we hope to see realised.
The following memorandum respecting the appearance of
the plant in a fresh state accompained the dried speci-
mens forwarded by M° White to D' Hooker : “ The plant
grows from nine to eighteen inches high in stony wet
places; and the velvety leaves, dark green above and rich
purplish crimson below, when wet, as they always are,
throw into brilliant relief the bright scarlet spikes of
flowers, or, when the underside of the leaves is seen,
forms an harmonious mass of colour, which tones down
the glaring contrast of scarlet and green. , To complete
the portrait of the species, B. Whitei, Oliver, we conclude
with a few extracts from Professor Oliver's description ;
Stem erect papillose and bristly. Leaves alternate oblong-
elliptical acuminate, oblique at the base irregularly cre-
nate-serrate , clothed with scaly bristles, 2 to 4 inches long.
petioles 1 to 4 lines long. Flowers in axillary several-flow-
ered bracteate racemes; bracts large distichous membranous
ovate oblong boat-shaped coloured.

W. B. H.

THE

ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

TREATMENT OF VINES INFESTED WITH PHYLLOXERA.

Although it hardiy comes within the province of our
Chronicle to follow the history of the formidable insect
scourge called Phylloxera, the interest in all that appertains
to it is so universal, that we think it desirable to say à few
words respecting a pamphlet on this subject, by M. F. Sahut
of Montpellier.

The spread of this pest is progressive in the south. Up
till 1868, it was almost confined to the Vaucluse, appearing
here and there only in the Var and the Bouches-du-Rhône.
It was in this year that Messrs. Planchon, Sahut and
Bazille discovered it for the first time in the vineyards
of Lagoy, Bouches-du-Rhône.

In 1869, it was found in the department of Gard, in

1870, in Hérault, and in 1872, more than thirty communes
of the Jlatter department were attacked by this plague.
In the vicinity of Montpellier, the drought of last Autumn
greatly favoured its propagation, for it has been ascer-
tained that the Autumn rains check its multiplication,
which amounts to millions of individuals from one family
in one season.

In the face of this alarming rate of increase, many
people have set their heads to work to discover an anti-
dote, hundreds of which have been proposed; but not
one, however, that has produced the desired effect. The
application of sulphide of carbon has of late been greatly
extolled, but unfortunately it has not fulfilled all the ex-
pectations it raised.

The only and solely efficacious treatment yet carried
into practice, is submersion or inundation of the vineyard
for a considerable period, as effected by M. Faucon, of
‘abre, near Graveson (Bouches-du-Rhône). By diverting
the stream of the Durance, M. Faucon was able to inun-
date successively different parts of his vineyard, leaving
each part under water for a month, thus drowning the
insect. But it is necessary that we should add that this
treatment has been supplemented by liberal dressings of
strong manures, and every other precaution that could
be taken, and therefore the restoration of M. Faucon’s
vineyard must not be attributed altogether to the effect
of submersion.

The Minister of Agriculture having appointed à commis-
sion to test the efficacy of the various remedies proposed,
Messrs. Durand and Jeannot, professors at the agricul-
tural college of Montpellier, conducted the trials with
great zeal and perseverance.

Not one of the antidotes recommended proved really
efectual, their assumed powers being invalidated, either

from the difficulty of applying them to the roots of the.

vine, from the chemical decomposition they suffered, or
their imjurious action upon the plant itself. Carbolic acid
Juniper oil, sulphide of arseniC, arsenious acid arseniated
potash, nux vomica, tobacco, various
naptha, sulphide of calcium, sulphide of mercury, essence
of quinine , etc., have been successively tried

sulphide of

olatilization, This

method of applying it is rendered easier by the use of
the tubular stake, invented by M. Gervais-Mion of Mont-
pellier, or Vicat’s borer; but these implements are not
sufficiently perfected to be pratical.

Various other equally ineffective experiments have been
tried, as a composition of flowers of sulphur, corrosive
sublimate, calomel and sulphide of potassium, infusions
of the leaves of the Walnut and Elder trees, washing over
with lime and tar, watering with sea-water, growing
Madia sativa amongst the canes, and applying the insec-
ticides of Peyrat, Chermet and Rafel. Neïther of these
preparations or operations was of any avail. We forbear
saying anything about those that actually kill the vine,
such, for instance as parafüin , essence of terebenthine, etc.

Nevertheless, some of the means employed have laid the
foundation , as it were, of successful treatment, and should
be noticed. They are all based upon the action of some
kind of manure, mixed with some substance more or
less fatal to insect life. As many as seventeen composi-
tions have been put forward, the productions of Messrs. An-
doque, Faucon, Villemur, Olivier, Brô, Raïnaud, Rogier,

* Legal, Menard and Sabatier , Delerue , Goirau , Allier , Riste,

Evenopoel, Grangier and two members of the commission.
The effect of these remedies has in no instance been to
destroy the insect, but by giving increased vigour to the
vine they enable it to struggle against the adverse influence.
To à certain extent, the insect may be held in check by
frequent manuring, forking the soil and repeated sulphur-
ing, in short by high cultivation. It is also recommended
not to permit cattle to roam amongst the vines after the vin-
tage, and especially to prune late. By thus paying more
attention to the culture of the vine we may venture to
hope that the plague will disappear of itself, in the same
manner as the Galeruca that preyed on the Elm, the Vine
Pyraiis, the locusts of Algeria and other injurious insects.

In conclusion, we may recommend laying the whole of
a vineyard, where practicable, under water, in October
or November, by a temporary diversion of small streams.
And in the second place, liberal use of strong manures
and frequent tillage. The best kind of manures, according
to M. Sahut, are : first, from twelve to eighteen pounds
of farm-yard dung with from three and a half to seven
ounces of the sulphide of potassium to each cane ; second,
the sulphuretted mud from the lake of Berre, mixed with
rape cake, at the rate of 10 to 18 ounces per cane;
third, gingelly oil or castor oil cake, 18 to 36 ounces per
cane; fourth, s00t 18 to 36 ounces to each cane. From
three and à half to seven ounces of sulphur may be added
. the manure for each plant. Cows’ urine and human
ne are very stimulating, but they should be sparinglÿ
and cautiously used. If,the leaves in yell d
» TE | remain yellow, three an

phate of iron dissolved in water
might be given to each cane. It is also desirable to change
the manure from time to time.

[4

“a THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

ROSE HEDGES IN THE SOUTH OF FRANCE, ETC.

On our last excursion from Marseilles to Genoa, we were
greatly struck, as any one seeing them for the first time would
be, with the magnificence of the Roses all along the Medi-
terranean shores. The Rose Heäges, and the espatier Roses,
especially, offer an indescribably gorgeous sight. Under the
genial influence of the warm sun of Provence, from the Cor-
niche to the extremity of the Riviera di Ponente, that is as
far as the gulf of Genoa, and protected to the north by the
mountains, which gradually slope down to the sea coast,
Roses attain the size of Pœonies, and develop a depth and
brilliancy of colour and à richness of fragrance of unusual
intensity.

But this is in part due to another cause, or rather two
other causes, which lead to the same result, the main point
being the choice of suitable subjects for stocks to graft upon.

These stocks are, Rosa Banksiæ and Rosa Indica major.

The Banksian Rose presents three varieties, namely, White
Banksian, producing a profusion of small white flowers,
scarcely so large as those of the double flowered Cherry, and
of a most delicious fragrance; FeZow Banksian, with still
larger clusters of small, nankeen-yellow, scentless flowers:
Chinese thorny Banksian, flowers less numerous and about
three times as large as in the two preceding, and of the
most grateful odour. These three forms attain an unsur-
passable vigour in this region. In two years, one plant will
cover an immense wall, the gable of à house, or climb to
the top of a tall tree, from which its branches hang like
flowery cascades, embalming the air around with a rich
perfume during the months of April and May. Now, if these
be taken for stocks upon which to bud some of the choicer
Teas, Noisettes and Bourbons, the growth of the latter will
be prodigious. The stock should be two years old, having
wellripened, though still smooth, wood. In this way such varie-
ties as Gloire de Dijon, Maréchai Niel, Lamarque, Safrano,
Chromatella, Aimé Vibert, le Pactole, and all the Teas,
attain such dimensions as to be no longer recognisable.

Rosa Indica major is almost naturalised throughout the
whole of this region. It possesses the additional claim to
favour of flowering nearly all the winter, forming beautiful
hedges of dark green shining foliage, from which thousands
of clusters of lovely flowers rise, of a tender delicate trans-
parent pink, or almost pure white, with a brighter tinge in
the centre and at the tips of the petals. This Rose is an ever-
green and makes an excellent stock for grafting or budding.

It is either planted in nursery beds, where it quickly
throws up a stem suitable for standards in the same way

as we employ the Dog Rose, or in hedges, and left to its
naturally luxuriant growth to produce its own charming
flowers in rich profusion, or rows of cuttings are put in
where it is intended to leave them, and subsequently budded
with some of the varieties of the diverse tribes we have
named.

We admired it most when treated in the manner last
indicated. In the gardens of the Villa Lizerbe, Nice, the
residence of M. Cazale, we saw three or four long hedges
reared in this way; and on the sixth of May they presented
a most gorgeous feast of flowers. To give only one instance,
we plucked, at random, a flower of Gloire de Dijon which
measured five and a half inches in diameter, or sixteen and
a half in circumference. And it would not have been difficult
to find even larger flowers.

This is how the intelligent head gardener, M. Guichard,
obtained such splendid results. The soil where the hedge
was to be made having been moved to the depth of more
than three feet, was planted towards the end of winter with
cuttings of well-ripened wood of Rosa Indica major, about
nine inches apart. They were left to grow as much as they
would and not cut back at all. In August they were budded
nearly close to the ground, and in the following year already
they formed a hedge producing flowers abundantly. Iron
wire stretched upon slender Bamboo stakes is sufficient to
support the branches. Pruning is only resorted to to keep
them in shape, remove exhausted branches and shorten gross
shoots. This Rose is also easily propagated by pegging down
long branches or slightly covering them with earth, cutting
them asunder at the joints when rooted, and thus obtaining
as many plants as there are joints.

By this very simple process M. Cazale has succeeded in
raising his Rose Hedges of incomparable beauty. From these
hedges waggon loads of flowers might be cut every year.
It is the varieties which flower in winter, amongst which
Safrano is the very best, that are here propagated on a
large scale. We particularly noted : Souvenir de la Mat-
maison, Chromatella, Gloire de Dijon, Général Jacqueminot,
Maréchat Niel, Safrano and Gloire des Rosomanes. À large
number of others grew and flowered equally as well as the
foregoing. In conclusion, we recommend R. Zndica major
as a stock wherever the winters are not very severe, and
where earthing up or covering around the base is sufficient
protection to secure the advantages of this vigorous growing
species for this purpose.

E. A.

PR

PROPAGATION OF OREOPANAX FROM CUTTINGS.

The Araliaceæ in general, with the exception of those
hardy species which are easely propagated from portions
of the stem, are difficult to increase from cuttings. Those
taken from the end of the main stem or branches, notably
the Mexican genus Oreopanaæ, are often a very long time
before they take root. Hence there is an unfortunate delaÿ
in the spread of these splendid plants. There is, however,
an excellent method certain to lead to success. And this is

to select only the lateral, or, as it were, adventitious shoots
which are formed on the main stem. These should be taken
off young and at once placed in heat, just as we should
treat ordinary soft-wooded subjects. This simple system
has been successfully employed by M. Cornélis, head-gardener
to Viscount Vigier, at Nice, in the propagation of Oreopanax
dactytifolia and other difficult species.

E. À.

LL

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. à

THE BOTANIC GARDEN OF ST. PETERSBURGH.

return from Russia in 1869, we published a | 415 Conifers, 787 Cacti, etc., 1128 hardy shrubs and trees,
On our return from ’

description of this grand establishment (‘), which is under
the direction of the learned Dr. Regel. An exhaustive article
from his pen on this subject, has recently been published
in the Gartenflora, from which we extract the following
particulars, which will give some idea of the progress made
in this garden during the last half a century.

In 1823, the number of species cultivated did not exceed
1500; but in 1824 there was a considerable increase , bring-
ing the total up to 5682, which was augmented to 12000
in 1830, For twenty years the number remained almost
stationary, for in 1850 it was only 12061. But after this
there was a rapid accumulation of species. In 1863 they
numbered 16,500, and in 1871, 21,320, or probably the largest
number in in any single establis!

These unrivalled collections comprise : 827 species of
Ferns, 1088 Orchids, 214 Bromeliads, 350 Aroids, 270 Palms,

14: Le

(*} Un mots en Russte, par Ed. André, Masson, Paris.

t in the world. :

2763 hardy herbaceous plants, and 1164 economic and useful
plants. à

The herbarium is enormous, containing 5507 classified
bundles, including, according to Dr. Regel's estimate,
165,000 species ; a total, however, that we can scarcely accept.

The Botanical Museum contains numbered fruits and seeds
up to 25,500; 59,047 specimens of woods; 1906 fossil plants,
and 1530 useful products of the vegetable kingdom.

A most extensive botanical library enables them to work
up these rich collections. It contained, in 1871, 7947 works,
in 15,552 volumes.

It will be understood, that with these almost unlimited
materials for reference, and the liberal grants continually
devoted by the Russian Government to the advance of science,
the Botanic Garden of St. Petersburgh should hold a very.
high place in contemporary botany. Thanks to the vigorous
direction of Dr. Regel at the head of the establishment, it
worthily fulfils its purpose. E. A.

THE NEW GLADIOLUSES OF 1874.

M. Souchet, the successful raiser of many of the finest
hybrid Gtadioti, has been compelled through failing health
to relinguish his favourite business ; and henceforward the
task of upholding the fame of the establishment will devolve
upon his successors, Messrs Souillard and Brunelet. No
doubt they will maintain the reputation confided to them.

Their novelties this season are eighteen in number ; all
of which are first rate. From this extraordinarily fine lot
we may select the following, the cream of the cream of all
that is lovely in these splendid plants.

AMALTRÉE, à fine variety of moderate stature bearing a
splendid spike of large, pure white flowers with broad
patches of a rich violet-red ; throat violet velvety; anterior
divisions of the perianth slightly shaded with lilac.

BELLADONNA , a fine spike of well set white flowers shaded
with bright lilac, the lower divisions marked with slender
bright carmine stripes. Shape of the flower very peculiar
and quite new.

L'Uxique Viouer, spike very long bearing unusually large
dark lilac flowers tinged with violet and flamed with deep

Carmine, À vigorous grower of perfect habit.

VarraBmus, spike long, flowers extra large, pure white,
Spotted or not, and sometimes dashed with lilac; bottom of
the throat violet. An exceedingly effective branching variety.

Merveze, very beautiful rose Cerise, faintly shaded with
rt bordered and flamed with deep carmine; centre very
ight.

Psyone, a magnificent large spike of delicate rose col-
oured glazed velvety flowers , the inner divisions of a deeper
rose, flamed with bright Carmine. Unrivalled in form and
colouring.

; Don fine spike of perfectly formed delicate white
owers, ÿ tinged with pink and stri d
with bright carmine. ; a

Le Vésuve, an extremely long spike of beautiful brilliant
fiery-red flowers, very large, and effective. A late, strong-
growing variety.

De Mmsez, a large spike of extra large perfectly shaped
widely expanded handsome rose coloured flowers, slightly
tinged with violet or lilac, ground very bright, striped and
flamed with deep carmine.

ASMODÉE, a very beautiful spike of cerise-red or bright
purple flowers, bordered and flamed with à rich garnet
red, spot and very broad rays white, À very distinct variety.

Le Tnvrorer, a very long and handsome spike of fine
Open flowers of a beautiful cerise, flamed with carmine
near the edges, and with a carmine spot upon à yellowish
ground. À strong-growing variety. ;

To the foregoing dozen unrivalled varieties, we may add
the following six, which are Scarcely appreciably inferior
in point of beauty.

ONDINE, à long spike of perfectly disposed white flowers
shaded with lilac, each division furnished with a small
deep violet blotch, and faintly dashed with very bright

| Carmine near the edges.

ALBION, à very large spike bearing handsome white
flowers of unusual size, faintly and delicately tinged with
lilac and sometimes flamed with lilac carmine. An extra
tall variety.

TRIUMPHANS, à very large and beautiful spike of cerise
flowers, admirably set. |

Cassint, extra large spike of perfectly arranged beautiful
rose flowers flamed with carmine , lower divisions elegantly
striped with carmine on à very bright ground.

AuBROISE VeRSCHArFELT, à Splendid spike of perfectly
formed pink and white flowers, flamed with garnet red,
division with à large rose Spot. An exceedingly effective
variety,

SIRÈNE, delicate clear bright rose slightly tinged with
orange and broadly rayed with red on the lower divisions,
Spot red on a yellow ground.

Vraros.

# THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

: HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

Rs

June, 1874.

— TroPICAL FRUITS. — Several new kinds of tropical
fruits are beginning to be sold in some of the principal Eu-
ropean cities. New, of course, so far as Europe is concer-
ned. We lately saw some Peruvian and West-Indian Cheri-
moyers at Hediard's, in Paris ; and we know, too, that they
are sold in Covent Garden. The Sôur-sop of the West-Indies,
Anona muricata, Weighs upwards of two pounds. It is of a
greenish colour, and covered with prickles, and the white
flesh possesses an agreeable sub-acid flavour. Anona squa-
mosa, or the Sweet-sop, is the one we saw offered for sale.
It is extensively cultivated in the tropics and affords a most
delicious fruit. The Custard Apple, À. reticulata, has yel-
lowish pulp of a less delicate flavour, but itis. nevertheless,
esteemed in the West-[ndies. In London the Sapodilla Plum ,
_ the fruit of Sapota achras, is sold, under the name of

Nespras Nepalica, as well as the fruit of Ewphoria litchi,
to which we quite recently alluded. We shall be glad to see
this trade increase, and bring us fresh flavours wherewith
to refresh our surfeited palates.

— SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE AT VERSAILLES. — This insti-
tution is now organised ; Mr. Hardy, junr. having been named
Director. The classes will open October 1, 1874. We shall
return to this subject when making known the programme
of the courses of instruction. In the meantime we may con-
gratulate the French Government upon having entered upon
the path, long since opened in Belgium, and which, in a
great measure, has led up to the acknowledged superiority
of the latter country in gardening matters.

— PERSIAN ASPARAGUS. — It appears that gardening
quacks and vendors of marvellous things are not exclusively
confined to the continent. The Gardeners’ Chronicte for April
18, publishes a circular worded almost as follows :

Persian Asparagus
2s. per package. ”
This is à
New and rare variety
surpassing all others for
its size, Tenderness and
Delicacy.

Itis fit for table in three months after Planting, each
seed at this short period producing Three Stalks as large
as à Candle, and will, during the year, produce at least
half a bundle.

It is fit for use all the year, except the Winter months, is
not susceptible to frost , and will grow in any country or soil.

Any comment from us would be superfluous.

— MaspevazurA Linpenr AND Harryana. — At one of
the recent meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society of
London, M' Denning, Lord Londesborough’s able gardener,
exhibited three splendid large-flowered Masdevallias name-
ly : M. Lindeni, M. Harryana and an intermediate form
connecting these two plants. When relating this fact in the
Garden, our colleague, M° Robinson, adds that these sup-
_ Posed species are specifically identical, thus bearing out our

,

view of their affinities when we published M. Lindeni var.
Harryana.

The plant that we published under the name of M. Lindeni
is, therefore, according to the law of priority, the typical
form, to which M. Harryana must be attached as a variety ;
the latter being easily distinguished at first sight by its
sepals being connate and yellow at the base , not white, as
in M. Lindeni. M° Dennings plants lead us to expect to see
some more new varieties of this charming species.

— SELLING PRICE OF ANTHURIUM SCHERZERIANUM. — To
give an idea of the high prices given for fine specimen plants
in England, we may mention that a large example of this
plant in M° Micholl's collection fetched £ 60 at a public
auction. This grand plant, in addition to its unusual size,
possessed the more important quality of large and brilliantly
coloured spathes.

— À CRysTaz PALACE AT Liverpooz. — There is great
talk of erecting a Crystal Palace at Liverpool, after the
style of that at Sydenham, including a large Winter Garden,
an Aquarium, and a Zoological Garden. Very probably
Sefton Park, which we had the honour of designing, will be
the place chosen for this new establishment, as there alone
a suitable site could be found.

— Te Mecon-Cucumser. — In Mr Watson's Nursery,
at St. Albans, a very curious freak of Nature was played on
a Cucumber plant last Summer, and the plant was figured
and described by M° W. G. Smith in the Journat of Horti-
culture; the figure and article subsequently appearing in
the Gardeners Chronicle. The case was something analo-
gous to what occasionally happens to the Peach, when we
have Peaches and Nectarines produced on the same branch.
The plant in question bore not only very fine fruit of the
normal club-shaped true cucumber, but also a perfectly
formed melon, which at the time the description was written
was between four and five inches long and eight round.
Whether this was a natural sport or a hybrid was not cer-
tain, but M° Watson held it to be a hybrid between Munro’s
Little Heath Melon (which was growing near) and Watson's
Antagonist Cucumber. At the time when it was drawn, the
fruit was not ripe, and hence it could not be known whether it
contained perfect seeds and possessed the true melon flavour.
We are reminded of this strange production by the appear-
ance of a figure and description in the Revue Horticole,
and it would be extremely interesting to know whether it
matured seeds, what the projeny is, if any, and other par-
ticulars. Perhaps some of our correspondents may know what
the end of it was. E. À

_ Dismincrron AWARDED TO M". En. Axpré. — We are
glad to learn that H. M. the king of Holland, has UNE
decorated M. E. André, editor of the Tuustration horticole,
wilh the order of the Couronne de Chêne, in recognotion
of the valuable services which he has rendered during the
Jast four years in superintending the important improve-
ments in the town of Luxembourg. ; sh

: 84
THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. ;

PL. CLXXI.

AZALEA MADAME GLONER.

NAT. ORD. ERICACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : From azalios dry, parched, in reference to the starved appearance of some species, or,
writers, to the serie nature of the country where some of the species grow.

according to some

: : a infundibuliformis v. subcampanulata, limbo quinquefido

GENERIO re O sr rares D inserta ejusdem laciniis numero aequalia (5) v.

v. rarius septemfdo, sequali v. su flif, ss adscendentia, antherae muticae, loculis apice poro obliquo dehiscentibus. Ovarium

saepius dupla (10 v. put D LA Stylus filiformis; stigma capitatum. Capsula globosa v. oblonga, quinque-decemlocularis

emloculare re columna centrali placentifera libera. Semina plurima, testa laxa, Ftrulats ee 4

reel ; 5 E et Asiae mediae alpibus, in America boreali in Indiae terra continenti et insulis spontanei, in

Frutices vel rh a age officiosae adonistarum manus lenocinio formis plurimis hybridio multiplicatae; foliis alternis,
rois psc arn v. deciduis floribus corymbosis speciosis, luteis, roseis, purpureis v. albis.

Endlicher, Genera Plantarum.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : A. indica, ramulis petiolis nervis foliorum at calycibus setis strigosis adpressis eglandulosis onustis,
foliis cniitsbtael: tis ciliatis utrinque acuminatis, floribus terminalibus 1-3 breviter pedicellatis, calycis lobis oblongo lanceolatis
non viscidis acutiuseulis. — Hab. per totam fere Chinam et Japoniam, in collibus siccioribus frequens. — Dec. Prodromus.

Cnanacren oF rue vaRreTy : An extremely free-flowering
variety of regular outline and erect habit. Leaves medium
size, oblong, acuminate and narrowed towards the base,
downy. Flowers perfect in shape, very large, arranged in
dense clusters, pure white, broadly campanulate, with ob-
cordate, slightly waved petals, recurved at the tip. A

TS

splendid variety named in compliment to M" Prosper Gloner,
eldest daughter of M. J. Linden. E. A.

(*) This includes RAododendron, to which genus all the Azaleas,
with the exception of the alpine 4. Drocumbeus , are usually referred ,
the character upon which the two genera were originally founded
having been connected’ by intermediate species. But the names have
been to long in use to admit of any change in horticultural works.

THEOPHRASTA

It is now more than ten years ago since we first saw and
admired specimens of a handsome Brazilian tree with noble
foliage, sent to various Exhibitions by M. Linden. It is
known in collections under the name of Theophrasta im-
perialis. ’

This name is evidently misapplied; but hitherto we have
not been able to assign this highly ornamental plant to its

Of his native country, has no knowledge of the plant in
question. And, so far as we are aware, not one of the nu-
merous contributors to the Flora Brasitiensis has met with
it amongst the dried plants from that country.
So long as it was represented in
… Cimens only, Ornamenting a few of the larger conservatories ,
we might patiently wait till one or the other of the plants
had acquired the happy faculty of flowering, before we
could have discovered its real affinities. |
_ But a introduction of seeds, has enabled M. Linden to
prove, it is already many Years, thatthe supposed Theophrasta
or Curatela imperialis is undoubtedly a member of the

the following description,

| append
drawn from the specimens we have seen, though

| This fact established, ve
| fror largest

. des tree sé a stout erect Straight Cylindrical simple or

urope by isolated spe-.

IMPERIALIS (9).

slightly branched stem having an ashy gray bark, streaked
with reddish brown on the older parts, and clothed with a
short dense rufous pubescence passing to a pearl gray on
the young shoots, Leaves alternate glabrous, blade convolute
in bud, obscurely triangular at the base; petiole thick and
short (about 8 lines) furfuraceous cylindrical, flattened above,

. decurrent at the base in two faint lines down the stem ; blade

spreading ovate-lanceolate narrowed from two thirds of its
length to the base, shortly acuminate at the apex, with
a flat surface in the centre and wavy at the margin,
where it is furnished with long prickly teeth, some of which
are directed upwards and others deflected, between unequal
rounded sinuses ; texture of the blade coriaceous strongly
veined and very tough; midrib triangular raised above and
paler than the beautiful polished green of the blade, roun-
ded and very prominent below ; secondary nerves pinnate
raised on the upper surface towards the midrib only, the
remainder immersed, but very prominent below, given off
at almost regular intervals of 4 to 8 lines.

The carriage of the foliage is very majestic, the separate
leaves being upwards of a yard in length by 10 inches in
width; Young vigorous plants, from 5 to 6 feet high, pro-
? Very grand effect when clothed with leaves to the

ase,

- ras of our Correspondents can assist us in the deter-

nation of this beautiful plant, of which M. Linden has
ane In raising some healthy seedlings, we shail feel
PNEU 4 den A E. A.

{

J LuusTRATION H ORTICOLE.

morte Lird.

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85 | THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.
a eue,

mme

PL. CLXXII.

# DENDROBIUM INFUNDIBULUM > D

NDLEY,

# FUNNEL-FLOWERED DENDROBIUM,

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from d:ydp0v, a tree, and Buos

connatis. Petala sepalo supremo saepius majora, nune minora,
connatum, semper sessile, indivisum vel trilobum, saeplus me
producta. Anthera bilocularis. Pollinia 4, per paria collateralia.
pseudobulbifero. Folia plana, saepius venosa. Flores solitari
Orchidaceae).

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : Folia lanceolata angusta acuta: sepala linearia-oblo
infundibulare pedicello aequale; Zabellum lobis lateralibus rotundatis intregris inter

sylvis moulmeïinensibus. — T. Lobb. in herb. Hooker.

+ life; growing upon trees.
GENERIC CHARACTER : Sepala membranacea, erecta vel patentia, lateralibus m

ajoribus obliquis cum basi producta columnae

semper membranacea, Labellum cum pede columnae articulatum vel
mbranaceum, nunc appendiculatum. Columna semiteres, basi longe
Herbae asiaticae epiphytae, nunc caulescentes, nunc rhizomata repente
à fasciculati vel racemosi, speciosi. — (Lindley genera and species of

nga; petala oblonga obtusa triplo latiora, mentum
medio subrotundo plano serrulato emarginato, In

Dendrobium infundibulum, Lindley in Linnean Societys journal, 1859, p. 16.

This beautiful Orchid was first discovered by M: T. Lobb

upon the mountains of Moulmein at an elevation of more.

than 5000 feet above the level of the sea, and was originally
described by Doctor Lindley in the Journal of the Linnæan
Society of London in 1857. Three years later it was noticed
in the Gardeners Chronicle upon the occasion of a very fine
specimen flowering at Messrs. Lows’, at Clapton, under
the name of D. Moulmeinense, but which was really our
plant.

This species comes near to D. formosum, but greatly
_exceeds it in beauty, having large flowers, often as much
as four inches in diameter, beautifully tinted with a bright
purple. The erect stems are clothed with black bristly hairs
at the base, and frequently bear a large number of fully
expanded flowers at te same time. The Reverend M Parish,

who re-discovered the plant the year after Lobb, counted
as many as 44 open at once.

This species has already flowered in England several
times, notably at Knypersley (Gard. Chron. 1864, p. 269),
and at M° Rucker's. But notwithstanding its surpassing
beauty, it is still extremely rare. It varies, though not to any
great extent, in the height of its stems and in the more or
less brightly coloured red or orange base of the labellum :
but in all its variations it remains quite distinct from D.
formosum and Zongicorne, the species to which it is most
closely allied.

The plant figured under this name in Hooker’s Botanicat
Magazine, has almost pure white flowers with a scarcely
perceptible tinge of yellow, and is of a pure yellow, not
orange, at the base of the labellum. LA

INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION AT FLORENCE.

Whatever the foreign visitors may have expected to see
at Florence on the twelfth of May last, it certainly could
not have been a repetition of the floral displays they had
witnessed during the past ten years in the great. capitals of
Europe. The imaginative traveller would readily picture, to
himself the inhabitants of classic Italy, that land of noble
deeds, fine arts and flowers—decking themselves in wreaths
Of native flowers as in the days of the Roman conquerors,
and leaving to the northern peoples their costly and careful

culture. It was an overflowing abundance, a rich profusion,
combined with an indescribable southern fragrance, and an
intensity of glowing colour, developed by the ardent rays
of a semi-tropical sun, and not variety, that one looked for.

But not to dwell too long upon our fancies, we may Say
at once that we conjured up in our imagination some vast

garden of the Hesperides, a fairy orchard of golden apples
or orange trees, all bending beneath a grateful se #
the words of the poet), “ de fruits naissants et MU, ;
fleurs et de feuillage. ,

Re | ple | gra
We expected to see Palermo with its grove of purple À Qu host

spathed Date Palms; Bordighera represented by its“ Cardinal

Palms » ; the Citron trees of Amalfi arranged in terraces ; the
Rose garlands of the corniche ; hedges of Agave, and Opuntia
fences, and beds of terrestrial orchids, like the Serapias which
carpet the Solfatare of Pouzzoles. To complete this picture
of truly Italian national gardening , we imagined a bordering

of maiden-hair fern, grottos overgrown with Lycopodium
and numerous plants with brilliantly coloured , odoriferous
| flowers, such as carpet the mountains at the present time

from Genoa to Sorrento, from Venice to Etna.

But this pleasant dream was soon dispelled. On entering
the Exhibition we are at once carried back to one of the
grand flower shows of the North. Not only do we meet with
our old acquaintances amongst the juries, and the usual
botanical and horticultural celebrities, but many of the
selfsame plants which we observed at London, Brussels,
Amsterdam and St. Petersburgh, greet our eyes.

|” But we experienced no disappointment, far from it. We

are indeed greatly surprised at the extensive display of
tropical flowers. And a very rapid survey furnishes de
en evidence that the Florence Exhibition is one of
cost attractive we have ever witnessed. In previous notices

*

88

87

indicated
sr qun à Professor da to whom the mana-

‘xhibition and Congress
er shewn the most praiseworthy zeal and
energy ; but the actual success of this great undertaking ;
due in a great measure to the untiring perseverance of t x
secretaries, Sing. Fenzi and. d’Ancona. Indeed, the tas
was à difficult one, and new to the country. If the organisa”
tion of such a gathering is relatively easy to English and
Belgian gardeners, accustomed, as they are, to similar
festivals, such was not the case with these gentlemen , who
were making their maiden effort, which fell little short of
being a master-piece. The dificulties of the situation were
increased by a vexatious accident, the illness and absence
ofthe Deus ex machint, Professor Parlatore. This energetic
gentleman was stricken down by sickness just as he would
have enjoyed the fruits of his labours ; and was obliged to
receive the visits of the numerous friends who came to
testify their sympathy and congratulate him upon the well
merited success of the understaking, in his bed.

The Exhibition, as we have announced elsewhere, was
held in the new market building, a noble edifice erected by
the city of Florence from the designs of M. Mengoni. This
vast hall, situated near the celebrated square of Santa Maria
novella covers an area larger than the square of La Scala at
Milan. It consists of a central nave, 115 feet high, and two
less lofty aisles. The lower part alone is of stone, the upper
of iron and glass. Abundance of water, vast cellars, plenty
of air and space render this building extremely convenient
and suitable for the purpose for which it is intended.

On mounting the few steps of the central nave, we have
spread out before us a fine view of the Exhibition in its
entirety, as a whole, judiciously and elegantly arranged.
In the disposition of the different lots of plants, neither
the English system, at once so convenient and so ugly, of
regular groups, nor the inevitable garden of vales of the
French Exhibitions, was adopted , but a sort of compromise
between the two, something in the way of the style common]y
seen in Belgium.

Immediately facing the entrance an enormous group: of
Azaleas, belonging to the Count della Gherardesca, is the
first thing to strike the eye, from the brilliancy and variety
of colour displayed by the different plants. The faultless
clusters of multicoloured corollas are developed in great
profusion, though yet not equalling the perfection and
splendour of the Belgian and English Azaleas. The plants
rt a D good, and the culture careful.
: Opposite this group, away down the nave, is a large cir-

… Cular basin occupying the centre of the building, from which
a Dome Jet of vatse 38 Qhrow to à Height of 60 feet
enlivening the Exhibition in its noisy, glittering fall. At
the extreme end of the ball, there is a lofty rockwork of
pe eng ve bounding bubbling waters of à cascade
are leaping, finally coming to rest in a
ke Lo Le overhung with graceful masses Of Bank-

To lengthen the perspective of this view, large groups of
plants with ornamental foliage are arranged on each side

as intrusted. All | of the nave, separating it from the wings. To the right,
w |

Prince Demidoff, whose name we shall find in the greater
number of the competitions, exhibits some very large half-
hardy Conifers, Podocarpus, Seaforthia elegans, with long
pinnate leaves, a Brownea grandiceps, just throwing up its
young growth of elegant red spotted foliage, very tall speci-
mens of Cordytine australis, Caryota urens, Phœniæ dacty-
uifera, Areca, etc., with a foreground of commoner, though
well stagéd, greenhouse shrubs. The group to the left con-
tributed by the Botanic Garden of Florence, includes grand
specimens of Pandanus utilis, the Sugar Palm, Arenga
saccharifera, à beautiful Musa ensete, immense examples
of Phœnix, a superb Dioon edule, Pandanus Javanicus :
with its leaves traversed by broad, silvery bands, various
species of Latania and Cocos in very large specimens, a
Livistona sinensis (under the name of L. Skinneri) a magni-
ficent tuft of Chamædorea Schiedeana, etc., the whole sur-
rounded in the same way with shrubs. Before going any
farther we may call attention to a lovely little plant, very
common here, and growing freely in the open air, of which
a very effective use was made in the Exhibition. It is the
Zœia crocata, the numerous bright cinnabar red transparent
flowers of which formed a very striking bordering to the
groups of green plants. We saw this charming species again
at the Villa Demidoff, San Donato, where it was planted in
close beds, and everywhere it gave us the greatest pleasure.

The Botanic Garden of Florence holds a distinguished
place in.all parts of the Exhibition. When we visited it in
December last, we were truly surprised at its richness in cer-
tain genera, and the beauty of the specimens of some old
and rare plants. Thus, for instance, 60 species of Palms,
13 Cycads and 11 Pandanads are found in this establishment,
and they contributed not a little to the embellishment of the
Exhibition. We especially noticed a Cocos oteracea (Cocos
capitata !) standing out by itself of the most beautiful growth
bearing a number of its curious nerved spathes, and long,
glaucous, recurved leaves; a gigantic Pandanus odoratissi-
mus, and other noble specimens, as P. Javanicus, var.,
Macrozamia Mackensii, Zamia Preissii, Kentia gracilis,
Bactris spinosa, Syagrus majestica, Geonoma gracilis, Wal-
lichia porphyrocarpa, Zalacca Assamica, Corypha macro-
poda, Daemonorops trichrous, Latania Loddigesii, and many
others rarely seen in Exhibitions. A few fine Tree Ferns,
a large Araucaria Bidwiltii, a Musa ensete and an Arauca-
ria Cunninghami glauca, also belong to this rich establish-
ment,which has improved so much under the vigorous ad-
ministration of Professor Parlatore.

For many years the gardens of Prince Demidoff at San
Donato have been celebrated for their superior culture, and
they has lost nothingof their former reputation. The enormous
quantity of things from thence, abundantly prove this, and
we feel it our duty to offer our congratulations to M. Steffa-
tscheck, the head gardener. Not only do we see fine specimens
of the exotic trees which give this garden so great an interest
for botanists; but the newer stove plants are represented
in a richness and perfection , that leave nothing to be desired.
One sees here the hand of the English gardener, M Goode,
who had charge of them until quite a recent date; but it is
only fair to add that they have not deteriorated in any Way

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

since the change. In one or two groups near the Entrance
are some fine specimens, such as Cibotium princeps twenty-
two feet high, Sciadophyllum puichrum, covered with fruits
(an uncommon occurrence), Dacrydium Cupressinum, Aralia
quinquefolia, Sciadophyllum Reinwardtii, splendid Dasyti-
rion graminifolium and Littaea gracitis, a Botryodenäron
(under the singular name of Aratia reticulata) and a gigantic
Casuarina suberosa.

This aged tree is of a size rarely seen; its deeply
furrowed , corky bark and twisted trunk, and long, slender,
drooping branches give it à very curious aspect, There are
many other fine plants from this noted garden, amongst
them, Sobralia macrantha, in flower, Pritchardia pacifica,
some very beautiful examples of Seaforthia elegans, a
Cycas revoluta in fruit, Musa vittata, Araucaria Cookii,
Dammara australis, Phylloctadus trichomanoides, Doryan-
thes excelsa, Dillenia speciosa, ete. But there is one plant
above all others that attracts universel admiration. It is a
giant specimen of Ruscus androgynus with six stems, trained
over à large iron trellis, and covering it with its broad
foliaceous branches bordered with small flowers, like à Xy10-
phylla. San Donato preserves its reputation for Australian
plants with its forty-eight species of Proteaceae, amongst
which we were pleased to see a good number of species
almost lost to cultivation.

Leaving the greenhouse plants and passing onwards to
the stove, situated in one of the glazed pavilions of the
aisle to the left, we find amongst the stove plants of the
same exhibition something better still. We were, indeed,
surprised to see the perfection attained in the culture of
the Crotons Dracaenas and Marantaceae from San Donato ;
and Prince Demidoff deservedly gained the first prizes for
his plants. In the class of thirty different Marantas, we
particularly noticed A. roseo-picta and iustris which are
of a size seldom seen. This collection also contained some of
the latest novelties amongst them, our beautiful M. hierogty-
phica. The Crotons were no less beautiful, forming, perhaps,
the most conspicuous group in the Exhibition in respect of
size and skilful culture. The best of them were C. pictum,
Veitchii, cornutum, Hookeri, aucubaefolium augustifolium
(magnificent) and interruptum. The last plant, appeared to
us different at Florence from what we have seen it anywhere
else. We no longer recognised the plant we formerly named
in conjunction with M: J. G. Veitch, in the compact, brightly
coloured specimens with short leaves, of the Florentine gar-
dens. It would be worth while investigating the matter, to
ascertain whether this apparent alteration is the result of
high cultivation, or whether we have not here a distinct

form under the name of interruptum, which by some chance .

Was sent out to Florence by Messrs. Veitch. This we look
Upon as an interesting fact to clear up.

Still keeping to the same exhibitor, we may notice some
of his superb stove plants. In regard to culture they would
yield nothing to the best to be found in England or Belgium.
First of all, a splendid Adiantum Farleyense with its grace-

ful weeping foliage; then a Drymonia Turialoae (the finest |

Specimen we ever saw, and covered with flowers) associated

With Pandanus ornatus, Cyanophyllum magnifieum , Cam-

Pylobotrys Ghiesbreghtii, Dieffenvachia latimaculata, Sphae-
OJUne latifolia, Anthurium regale, various species of Fit-
fonia in pans, AZocasia Veitehii, Costus Amazonicus, Dieffen-

RES on énartem

bachia Baraquiniana, etc., altogether fifty plants, forming an
unrivalled collection of the choicest forms in cultivation.
Not far from these stood a fine collection of Caladiums ,
which could be traced to the same source, Amongst thern
we observed à fine plant of Atbert Victor, a good seedling
raised by M: E. G. Henderson, of London , Which we saw
for the first time at South-Kensington at the October
Exhibition of 1872. The same superiority is evident in
the collection of thirty Dracaenas, which comprises all the
choice novelties, represented by magnificent plants, and
which brought their owner an equal first prize with the
marquis Corsi-Salviati.

We have just mentioned the name of another of the prin-
cipal exhibitors, The marquis Corsi-Salviati is a young
man who appears to be a passionate lover of beautiful
plants. He takes Exhibition Honours for the first time ; and
is represented in no fewer than 21 classes , in nearly all of
which he is successful, His Palms, Crotons, Dracaenas ,
Aroids and Marantas were simply splendid, The gardener,
M. Ragioneri Ridolfo, who has charge of the cultivation of
these collections on the estate at Sesto, is an Italian and
merits the greatest praise. Some few good orchids, amongst
them a strong flowering plant of Aerides quinquevulnerum
Cattleya chocoensis, Cypripedium Hookeri and Vanda insig-
nis; but on the whole the Orchids were not worthy of s0
important an exhibition.

In regard to the culture of Dracaenas the Marquis had
no cause to envy the Belgians. Here are beautiful specimens
of the latest novelties admirably furnished with leaves from
the very base. The Dracaenas are not equal in size to those
from San Donato, but include a larger number of rare and
new forms.

Amongst the Marantas, we note the latest novelties : M.
Luciani, setosa, bellula, pacifica, Makoyana and hierogly-
phica. In à collection of various plants of superior culture,
we may mention a noble specimen of Dieffenbachia imperiatis,
several Areca alba, Verschaffeltia splendida, Vriesia Gia-
ziouana, Ficus dealbata, Areca Verschafeltit, Pandanus
ornatus, Anthurium Scherzerianum, etc. From fifty-four
species of handsome Palms, we select the following names :
Areca Madagascariensis, Brahea nobilis, Morenia corattina,
Catyptrogyne elata, Caryota majestica, Chamaedorea nr
Chamaerops stauracantha, Cocos Procopeana, Dekenia nobi-
lis, Geonoma zamorensis, Cocos Weddelliana, Iriartea ex-
horrhiza, Kentia Forsteriana and Belmoreana, Martinezia
Lindeniana, Seaforthia Dickinsoni and Verschaffeltia meta-
ue included numerous and excellent plants, but
as the competition was for fifty species or varieties, it was

| found necessary to make them up with the coloured varie-
ties of Caladium, which rather spoilt the class. The Queen

plant of this lot is a magnificent specimen of Anthurénm

stallinum, of perfect culture. Altogether the Marquis
Gars Satriatis exhibits were an extremely good lot, and

rmest admiration. ‘

bee + ris leading exhibitors is the Marquis Torri-
giani, of Florence, the owner of a celebrated villa , of which
we may speak in detail on another occasion. The collections
belonging to this gentleman rival those we have already had
under consideration. Greenhouse and stove plants, of ex-
cellent cultivation, include some large and handsome spe-

92

91

SA CE |

cimens as Pandanus, Conoclinium ianthinum in flower,
Dasylirion longifolium, Lindenbergia roseo-carnea and ps
immense plants of Rhynchospermum jasminoides. sr is
also a superb specimen of Medinilla magnifica, crane with
its large rosy bracteate panicles; Erica intermedia, bearing
a profusion of its long-tubed white flowers. Large Crotons,
handsome plants of Aglaeonema commutatum , Areca alba,
Anthurium Scherzerianum in flower, Fittonia Pearcei, and
especially the grand Phoenicophorium Sechellarum, place this
collection in the front rank. Opposite, in one of the octagon
pavilions, is a numerous and splendid collection of Gloxi-
nias, exhibited by the same gentleman, and such à lot as
M. Vallerand himself would not disavow.

Not far from here we see, for the first time, the double
Cinerarias of Messrs Haage and Schmidt, of Erfurt. These
pretty plants merit the reputation they have already ac-

quired. Hitherto, only four varieties have been secured :,

deep blue, bright violet, violet striped and a paler violet.
But doubtless these are only the forerunners of something
infinitely better and more varied, and new varieties will
rapidly follow each other improving in form and fulness,
furnishing us with another set of first-class market
lants

But we hurry on to the new plants, which always form
one of the most attractive features of these international
gatherings. Again we have the pleasure of announcing that
M. Linden stands first. His twenty-five new Palms created

. quite a sensation, and have greatly occupied the horticul-
tural press, Amongst them, indeed, were plants of surpassing
beauty and elegance, including the original plant of Geonoma
gracilis, which we publish to-day. Here follows the list of

the species :
Calamus lanatus. Kentia Balmoreana.
— nitidus. — Forsteriana.
Calyptrogyne elata. Phoenix natalensis.
Cocos elegantissima. — rupicola.
— sp. Yurumaguas. — zeylanica.
WW liana. Pinanga sumatrana.

accidens. Ptychosperma atlantica.

Deckenia nobilis. — rupicola.
Geonoma gracilis. Pritchardia Martiana. ,
— sis. Verschaffeltia melanochaetes.
Glaziova insignis Wallichia Wagneri. .
Kentia australis. Welfia regia.

To this collection we must add a few other no less interes-

ting species : Acanthorhisa Warscewicztt, Pritchardia Gau-
dichaudi, Acanthophoenix crinita, Martinezia Lindeniana,
Hyospathe Chiriquensis, etc.

The elegant Japanese Maples with dissected leaves have

gained the admiration of all the fair Florentines, the Jight-
_ness and delicate colouring of their lace-ike fol;

irresistible, The six varieties exhibited by M. Linden, (the
original plants introduced direct from Japan), are : Acer
roséo-dissectum , reticulatum , sanguineumn , atropurpureum ,

?

ure occasion the details of

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

iage proving

their propagation on a large scale, as practiced by an En-

l yman.
ges He for various greenhouse plants, M. Linden
exhibited some fine examples of superior culture and rare
species, amongst which we may name, Araucaria Neo-
Caledonica, the curious Rapatea pandanoides, Dracaena
grandis , Phoenix rupicola, Araucaria robusta glauca, Zamia
Roezli and Tillandsia musaica. The twelve Dracaenas staged
by M. Linden included the following, of which five are
new : D. amabilis, Baptisti, Casanovae , jaspidea, lutescens,
striata, Maclayi, Reati, Troubetskoyi, Foungit, and an other
unnamed species ; but conspicuously above all rose a grand
plant of D. gloriosa. Six magnificent new Aroids, and à
set of medicinal and economic tropical plants, complete
t collections contributed by M. Linden, for which
he has been rewarded with the first Grand Prize of
Honour of the Exhibition.

M. Dallière of Ghent carries off undisputed the first prize
in the class for a collection of the best cultivated plants
from abroad, with a splendid selection. His collection of
forty Palms is superb. We noted a few of the best : Areca
aurea,Thrinaæ elegans, Verschajfeltia melanochaetes, Areca
glaucophylla, Areca sapida, Sabal Adansoni, Martinezia
erosa, Cocos sp. from Yurumaguas, Geonoma Schottiana,
Elueis sp. nova, Ptychosperma Alexandrae, Geonoma fer-
rea. In another class we observed some other very good
things : Zuterpe sp., Phoenix tenuis variegata, Ceratolobus
concolor, Catoblastus Engelii, and a beautiful Pritchardia
pacifica. The finest specimen of Anthurium Scherzerianum
belongs to M. Dallière, and it will henceforward rank as
a classic plant. His collection of Marantaceae, Nepenthes,
and various stove plants, including many fine novelties,
are simply beyoud all praise; but we cannot forbear spe-

cially mentioning Rhododendron Dathousiae, Aphelexis ma-

crantha purpurea, Araucaria excelsa glauca, various Azaleas
and Conifers.

M. Stelzner, of Ghent, sends a handsome example of
Oreopanaæ dactylifolium, a small collection of highly cu-
rious new Conifers, and some hybrid Ferns, to which we
shall refer again,

In the class for new plants we are sure to find Messrs. Veitch
of London; and here they are as usual. Occupying one of
the houses on the right we had the pleasure of inspecting
a handsome lot of their principal novelties, such as :
Caraguata Zahni; Croton Youngi, with long golden
leaves ; Dracaena imperiatis ; Abutilon Sellowianum marmo-
ratum, having the foliage thickly mottled and regularly
marked with yellow and white: Aratia elegantissima, à
delightful species of which we shall give a separate des-
cription; Dracaena Baptisti, Cypripedium argus, having
sepals that are pink at the tips, and spotted all over with
deep purple, and hairy above; Epidendrum pseudepiden-
drum, With strange green and cinnabar flowers ; Dracaena
strictifolia, having narrow leaves striped with pale yellow
and pink; Cypripedium Dominyanum, a hybrid between
C. caudatum and Pearcei ; and above all the charming
Ficus Parcelii, to which, also, we shall devote a short
Separate notice. Some good Mepenthes , Collections of seeds
and an assortment of garden tools were also exhibited by
Messrs. Veitch.

M. Aug. Van Geert Of Ghent contributes a fine new

; THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

Palm called Areca Dicksoni, which we believe to be a
distinct species from Coromandel: à variety of Corypha
austratis with reddish brown petioles; Pandanus Van
Geertii a permanently dwarf form with glaucescent foliage
tinged with orange towards the base; à handsome Thuiop-
sis dolabrata, and a large plant of Genetnyis (Æedaroma)
tulipifera in flower.

We must not forget, either, the collection of Palms exhi-
bited by Messrs. Haage and Schmidt, comprising sixty
species, some of them very rare. ;

M: Moore of the Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, exhibits
a handsome plant of Ouwvirandra fenestratis, and an inte-
resting hybrid Sarracenia, the history of which will ap-
pear elsewhere in our columns.

Returning to the native exhibitors, a grand group of stove
and geeenhouse plants, comprising à very rich assortment,
the property of Comte della Gherardesca , arrest our foot-
steps. The most noteworthy are : Agnostus sinuatus, La-
tania,. Cycas circinüalis, Musa ensete, Epacris, Boronia,
Sterculia, Adenandra, and large Azaleas.

In the Marquis Ridolfi we meet with a distinguished and
clever florist, whose splendid Show, Fancy and Zonale Pelar-
goniums and charming Azaleas, fairly earn him the title.

The Comtesse Giulia, of Florence, sends fifty species of
Palms. We particularly noticed : Areca monostachya, Arenga
Bonneti, Bactris maraja, Brahea nobilis, Cocos Bonneti and
Geonoma pumila.

One of the secretaries, M. Fenzi, of Florence, is an ama-
teur of succulent plants. 85 species of Agave and Fourcroya,
11 of Dasylirion, 22 of Fucca, and 22 of Sempervivum ,
indicate collections of considerable extent, and they are not
wanting in rare species.

Another very numerous collection , perhaps the most
numerous belonging to a single genus, is a group of Ma-
rantas exhibited by M. F. Luppis, of Ferrara, comprising
no fewer than sixty-one species. We do not remember ever
having seen so complete a collection.

The Comtes Papadopoli brothers, of Venice, have also
sent à collection of Marantaceae another of Caladiums with
coloured foliage, comprising 100 varieties, and 120 varieties
of Coleus. We confess our inability to discover the interest
attached to the innumerable, scarcely distinguishable, forms
Of Coleus ; it appears to us to be overdoing thething. À careful
search d treveal more than twenty really distinctand desi-
rable varieties, even for growing under glass. The forms of
Phormium belonging to the same gentlemen, although repre-
sented by small plants, include pretty well all that are
known at present : PA. tenax, tenax variegatum, tenax
Veitchii, tenax atropurpureum, tenax nigro-pictum, Cookii
and Cotensoi variegatum.

The stoves plants brought by M. Schmitz, of Florence,
give evidence of superior cultivation. Amongst these we
noticed Latania Commersoni, Balantium antarcticum, Van-
da tricolor, Calamus gracilis, Zamia vernicosa, Thrinax
élegans, etc., all in good health and perfect in habit.

The Count Boutourlin, of Florence, sends an interesting
Collection of exceedingly large, old, well grown plants.
Polygata buxifotia, literally covered with blossoms, was
Placed by the side of some gigantic Kalmias. Séephanotis

foribunda, is Just opening its pretty white flowers. Carmi- |

ia austratis, Rhynchospernum jasminoides, Murraya

ann NUE —

94
exotica, Jasminum genicula

ses tum, Hoya Carnosa, Bignonia
JaSMinoides,

and Jasminum Sambac, are remarkable for
their fine growth and abundant inflorescence.

The very finest specimen of Franciscea eximia we ever
Saw, belongs to M. Santarelli, of Florence.

Messrs. Palazzi brothers, of Venice, exhibit a very nu-
merous collection of Bromeliaceae ; but the plants, although
rm many rare and interesting species, are badly cul-
ivated.

We must not forget to mention the distinguished position
attained by M. J. Verschaffelt, of Ghent, with his Cactacene
and other succulents. We observed, in passing, Agave
dealbata , hystriæ, Verschafretti variegata, Beaucarnei,
glauca, Gilbeyi, and other pretty plants of the same class.

The Cereus section was represented by Piocereus Hop-
Denstaedti, senilis, Dautitzii and lanatus, shown by Messrs.
Haage and Schmidt.

M. Gillion-Mangilli, of Venice, exhibits a variegated
variety of the Japanese Medlar, Eriobotrya Japonica, of
slender merits,

À fine example of Areca monostachya, belonging to
M. Spaletti, is five feet high, and is already bearing 12
spathes of flowers, giving a more favourable impression of
that species than one usually entertains. The same exhibitor
has à few other nice Palms. The Bavarian Horticultural
Society contributes its forced fruits and vegetables and or-
namental plants. The Azaleas are good plants, and the
Gleichenias and Rhododendron Nuttalli, are evidences of
a good will. The Aroids from the Botanic Garden of Munich
are not wanting in interest ; they include a species known
only a few years, Anthurium Martianum , and À. Selloum,
agregium, Galeotti, and pinnatifidum. M. Buchner, of
Munich, has a handsome specimen of the still undetermined
Sapotaceous plant known under the name of Theophrasta
imperialis.

Prince Troubetzkoi, a distinguished amateur who possesses
a well-stored garden of interesting plants at Intra, (Lago
Maggiore), furnishes a collection of Bamboos, embracing
13 species, as well as some interesting Eucalypti.

Messrs. Krelage and Sons, of Haarlem, anxious to pre-
serve the reputation of their country, and their house in
particular, for the first rank in growing bulbous-rooted
plants, sent a quantity of charming Tulips, flowering in per-
fection, and they arrived here in capital condition, notwith-
standing the long journey from Holland to Italy. — We were
delighted with the Azaleas, pot Roses and Rhododendrons
exhibited by M. Scarlatti, of Florence.

In a splendid lot sent by M. Ricci, we observed Strelitzia
Augusta, Dasytirion graminifolium (superb), ra afrad
glauca, Dracaena indivisa, (under the name of dés rene
Baueri !) D. cannaefotia (under the name of Cordyline Storchii)
and a very beautiful Yucca Guatemalensis (under the strange

assinica ?)
À de de Azaleas and some late Camellias show that
M. Franchetti, the celebrated Florentine grower is not far
off, and they are pretty good evidence of what he would
ie sent had the exhibition been two era el |

Passing from the interior of the Exhibition to the tempor-

ru : find numerous other interesting
ary gardens outside, we k of space we can by
collections, which, however, — Fo
no means exhaust.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

96

95

The Conifers
Florence, are small, but there are good plants of such things
geli, Podocarpus Stirlingit, Frenela monostachya, Torreya
Bogotensis, ete. The hardy trees and shrubs of the same
exhibitor include some choice things : Quercus lanceolata,
Tetranthera Japonica, Utmus aurea, Viburnum macroce-
phalum, Abelia rupestris latifolia alba, Viburnum cotini-
folium punctatum, Ligustrum salicifolium, Pittosporum
Mayi, in flower, etc. 1

The collection of Spiraeas exhibited by M. Pagliai, of
Florence, is very extensive, comprising forty species.

M. Berti, of Milan, shows trained fruit trees but on
too smale a scale to judge of the merits of the pruning.

The Botanic Garden of Turin has brought together an
extensive collection of hardy plants, chiefly alpine, and
containing many rare species. We observed that they were
arranged in families according to De Candolle’s system,
which greatly facilitated the examination of so great a
number of species.

The Boboli Gardens, where Oranges and Lemons are
grown without any protection, furnish a collection in pots.

The Roses sent by M. Bucci, of Florence, are good plants
in pots, in great variety, but offering no striking feature.

Bat the collection of hardy trees and shrubs by the same
exhibitor deserve special notice. In spite of the bad labelling
we were able to pick out the following species not found in
many gardens : Quercus polymorpha, Berberis gardeniae-
fotia, Myrsine retusa, Boldoa fragrans, Cotoneaster lanugi-
nosa, Mahonia Toluccensis, Ligustrum Mmultiflorum, Elaea-
gnus Simonii, Crataegus laevis, Buœus sempervirens navi-
cularis, and Quercus virens. Next to these is a collection of
Hollies, amongst which we may name, Îlex crenata, ovata,
Prunifolia, crassifolia, Cunninghami, dentata » TeCurva, Ca-
roliniana and coraitina.

Messrs. Rovelli brothers, nurserymen of Pallanza, stand
at the head of horticulture in Italy. There is a splendid lot
of Conifers from their nursery. Most of them are of unusual
size and extremely healthy in appearance. We may enu-
merate à few,as : Torreya grandis (13 feet high), Abies (Picea)

inversa, Tsuga Hookeri, Thuia dumosa, Abies Cranstoni

dimidiata (a grotesque variety), Cryptomeria columnaris
(a new variety), Abies Engelmanni, Abies nigra Pyramidalis,

Prumnopitys elegans, Thuiopsis Standishii , Abies potita

and Abies firma. The Botanic Gardens have responded
to the very pressing appeal addressed to them by Professor
Parlatore. From Padua there is a collection of tropical
economic plants, and drawings of the famous fossil Palm,
Latanites Maximitiani, discovered and named by Profes-
sor de Visiani. The trunk and leaves were found in an al-
most perfect state. Modena sends Cactacene, notably a large
Echinocactus Mexicanus, and twenty species of Echeveria.
Pisa, under the direction of M. Caruel, contributes à beau.
tiful lot of terrestrial Orchids, including Orchis longicru-

lutea, fusca, aranifera,

a inmmen ne à 0 0 Éd

| Fu by Messrs. Scarlatti brothers, of | Attilio) brings a collection of, hot-house plants; and Bo-
ex Messrs.

logna 50 species of Mammillaria. Finally, Florence adds

| considerably to the attractions of the Exhibition with its

“ne : ea filifera, Frenela Hue- | : :
as : Abies Witmanniana, Biota Japonica filif | grand Pandanads, Araucarias, Cycads, Palms (60 species),

Tree Ferns, etc.

In the annexes some interesting products remain to be
noticed. The garden furniture exhibited by M. Tedeschi,
and M. G. Cavalensi ; the Strawberries, Bananas, Cucum-
bers, Raspberries, Asparagus, (blanched) ete. of the Bava-
rian Society ; the Oranges and Lemons from Porto Maurizio,
and especially those contributed by M. Orphanides, of
Athens ; the models of fruits, by M. Garnier-Valetti, which
are the most perfect we ever saw; the consignments of
forced Peaches and Grapes from the Province of Westland,
Holland; the collection of woods from Comte Boutourlin,
commenced by Sloane in 1860; Mexican products, from
M. Bassi ; a collection of fruits and seeds of Soudan, from
M. Delchevalerie of Cairo ; the woods of the Hellenic flora,
from Prof. Orphanides ; collection of woods from M. Bicchi;
the Fungi of Nice, the work of M. Barla ; plans of gardens
on plates, by M. Bellora, of Turin; those of M. Pynaert of
Ghent ; paintings by M. Stroobant of Ghent: the Zustration
Horticole, complete ; the products of Æucatyptus globutus
and Zris florentina; trained fruit trees, by M. Berti of
Milan ; several heating apparatus and houses, presenting no
remarkable features, and other objects too numerous to be
noticed here.

AI these things have been tastefully arranged by M. Pucci,
the head gardener of the city of Florence, who has done s0
much during the last few years towards the embellishment
of the gardens and squares of this city of the fine arts, fully
meriting the decoration ofthe Order of the Crown of Italy
conferred upon him by the king. We have already mentioned
that professor Parlatore was created a Commander of this
Order. M. Fenzi and the marquis de Corsi-Salviati were
made chevaliers, and M. d'Ancona chevalier of the Order
of saints Maurice and Lazare.

Such is the vast subject at which we have been able to
give scarcely more than a passing glance in these few pages.

Taken altogether, the Florence Exhibition is à success.
If we have failed to discover the southern stamp we had
looked forward to in this sunny land — by-the-bye the
sun has been chary of his charms during our stay at
Florence — we candidly own that we did not expect to find
anything like so advanced a state of horticulture. Horticul-
tural Italy is on its trial. The three or four amateurs of the
first rank who are found in Florence and furnished the
principal contingent represented in the Exhibition, will
doubtless give rise to imitators, We shall no doubt see them
again in their labours. It has often been said that, “ in the
countries where nature has done so much, men will do
nothing; ., and this voluptuous, though sad theory of the
far niente has been applied to happy Italy. We have seen that
16 is not true in this instance. We have found that horticul-
ture is steadily and Surely progressing, that the exhibition
material bids fair for the future , and that its promoters are
men Of learning and cordial hospitality. We shall carry
aWay with us the most pleasant remembrances of the floral

Orchids and various | feast of Florence in May 1874. a.
Spoken. Sienna (Prof. : à pur

Fu

La

e THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE,

mm ES

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

esse nr TE

July, 1874.

— Taxe EXHIBITION AT FLORENCE. — On returning from
Naples towards the north, we tarried a few minutes at Flo-
rence, where we witnessed the remains of the vast Exhi-
bition, now a matter of history. The Marquis of Ancona
was busily engaged superintending the removal of the last
of the plants; the New Market was fast assuming its
original aspect. Professor Parlatore was still confined to
his room, not having sufficiently recovered from his illness
to venture abroad. He informed us that the Exhibition had
been in every respect a success. The balanced account
shewed a net profit of £ 1600. These funds will be applied
to an appropriate object. The establishment of an experi-
mental garden in connection with the Royal Horticultural
Society of Tuscany is under consideration, to be followed
by the publication of the proceedings of the Society. We
heartily applaud these wise measures, and anticipate the
most beneficial results therefrom for Italian Horticulture.

— Taxe Sprne Frosts. — We give a summary of the
injurious effects of the frosts that we were visited with in
the early part of May.

In Belgium, they did some damage, though relatively little,
. taking into consideration the advanced state of vegetation.

In Italy, we observed that the Orange trees near Genoa,
the Vines in Piedmont and Lombardy, and the Mulberry
and Chesnut trees as far as Rome, and even Naples, were
cut and blackened by the frosts during the nights of the
first and third of May. Fortunately vegetation soon overcame
the injury, and a fortnight afterwards scarcely a trace of it
was to be seen.

But in France the effects were more serious. The East
bas suffered severely. In the Aube and a great part of Cham-
pagne, there are places where the vines will not yield more
than five per cent of an ordinary crop. In the Côte d'Or the
plains have suffered greater loss than the coast districts. In
Tomard, Beaune and Chambertin, two thirds of the crop are
destroyed. In the neighbourhood of Tonnere and in the

Maconnais, and on both shores of the Rhone and Saone, the
damage is very considerable. The Beaujolais loses only à
quarter. In the department of the Isere the Mulberry trees
are cut. The Ain is very much cut up, the Jura comparati-
vely little, and the Puy-de-Dome has been spared , but Savoy
and Ardeche were visited.

The news from the West and South West is good. The
Bordelais is scarcely touched, and throughout the whole
region of the Olive the loss is recovered. In the Charente
it is the same, and the damage done to the fruit trees 1n
Normandy, Picardy and Flandres is unimportant. .

Taken altogether, the abundant crops of some districts
will in a good measure make up for the losses in others,
and there will be no serious deficiency.

— Desreucrron OF THE PHYLLOXERA. — Sand is now
0] osed as an antidote to this pest. M. Espitalier, of Mas-
0ÿ, in the Camargue, laid bare the roots of his Vines

and put a large quantity of drift sand from the Rhone
in the place of à part of the soil removed. In this way
the Phylioxera perished from suffocation, and 70 per
cent of the Vines, that appeared almost dead, have shot
forth again with renewed vigour. It is now advised to try
this remedy in all places where sand is abundant, just as
submersion is still recommended where the means of irri-
gation are at hand to effect it.

M. Dumas, the celebrated chemist, has also studied this
knotty question; and he has recently invented an apparatus
for applying the sulphurat of carbon to kill the Phytiowera
without injuring the Vines. He has, moreover, contrived
a new compound, which will serve at once as a manure
for the vine, and a poison for the insect, It is the sulpho-
carbonate of potassium or sodium, which forms a yellowish,
hygrometrical, non-volatile salt, that gradually decomposes
under the action of an acid forming sulphuretted hydrogen
and sulphide of carbon. Thus we are now able to defy the
enemy to a great extent, by using preventive means, such as
careful culture and the rooting out of infected canes, coupled
with curative means in the form of flooding or sanding,
where practicable, and poison-charged manures, containing
the sulpho-carbonate, sulpho-hydrate of ammonia, etc.

— THE SCENOGRAPH. —— A short time ago M. Dubroni
invented a small, portable photographie apparatus which
was very Cheap, and met with a ready sale. We purchased
one ourselves, but were obliged to give it up, on account
the time consumed in preparation and manipulation.

D: Candèze has now invented the “ scenograph , a much
more simple instrument. The plates are prepared before
hand. All there is to do after the view is selected, is to
expose the plate, and subsequently subject it to the vapour
of ammonia. The whole thing is in the shape of an octavo
book, and therefore readily portable. It is said to be a
genuine discovery. The price is 50 francs, and it may be
procured through M. Deyrolle, 23 rue de la Monnaie, Paris.

— GARDEN LABELS. — This weighty question, which is
of far more importance than is generally supposed to Nur-
serymen and Amateur gardeners, has been solved in a most
remarkable manner by M. Cols (Clermont-Ferrand , Puy-de-
Dome) process. The labels are of zinc, and either indelibly
engraved or written by à particular kind of pencil, the
writing of which is imperishable. We know at present of
nothing better in the way of labels, and we strongly re-
commend our readers to procure the prospectus and judge
for themselves.

__ RARE CASES OF FRUITING. — Being on a visit to the
celebrated nurserymen, Messrs. Rovelli of Pallanza (whose
establishment we shall shortly describe in a special article)
during our last trip to Lake Major, we noted the following
shrubs and trees that are not often seen in fruit, bearing
a profusion of fruit and flourishing admirably in the ER
air of that delicious climate: Fortunea sinensis, Drimys

99

PT

re

nu-

Winteri, Citrus trifoliata, Viburnum suspensum, Torrega à
t foli mgnadia

cifera, Lomatia longifolia, Dacrydium lawifotium , Ungr
Pseudolariz Kaempferi,

speciosa, Araucaria brasiliensis,
domestica, etc.

Cleyera japonica, Gordonia anomala, Nandina

All of the foregoing trees and shrubs are of a size and
vigour that we are little accustomed to see in our climate.

— Excnance or pr PLanrs. — A Society of Bota-
nists for the exchange of dried plants has been formed in the
Department of the Isère, at the head of which is M. Verlot,
of Grenoble, The annual subscription is 5 francs. Botanists
desirous of enriching their collections will find it a great
advantage to join this Society. Persons wishing to become

L to Monsieur l'abbé Faure,

members thet

Professeur au petit Séminaire du Rondeau, près Grenoble.
— Faurr-monezuwe 1N Iraux. — At the Exhibition of

Florence we saw the most beautiful collection of moulded

and painted fruits that it would be possible to bring

together anywhere. We candidly confess that we were utterly
astonished at finding so perfect a collection of this nature.

They were the work of M. Garnier-Valletti, of the Via Dora-

grossa, Turin. His catalogue, compiled after the most ap-

proved French nomenclature, contains the following figures,
which speak for themselves : 55 Apricots (an unique and

surprisingly rich collection), 8 Almonds, 10 Azaroles, 89

Cherries of the different classes, 5 Quinces, 5 Cornelian

Cherries, 40 Figs, 26 Strawberries, 11 Raspberries, 4 Pome-

granates, 35 Currants, 33 Gooseberries, 3 Jujubes, 7 Medlars,

157 Peaches and Nectarines, 603 Pears, 332 Apples, 91

Plums, 366 white Grapes, 310 Black Grapes, 111 various

Grapes (altogether 677 sorts of Grapes). Such a collection

is of inestimable value, and we have hitherto seen nothing

so near approaching perfection, not forgetting the admirable
specimens manufactured with so much skill by M. Buchetet.
— À New CLassiricaTION Or PLANTS. — M. Alph. de

_ Candolle has recently published a very curious paper, where-
in he proposes a new classification of plants, based upon
their adaptability to certain climatal conditions. The present
distribution of plants over the globe depends upon two sets
of causes; former geological epochs, and present physical
conditions. The climates of different places have undergone
great changes. The mediterranean flora once reached as far
north as Paris, and fossil remains prove that the vegetation
around London was at some distant period of a tropical

character. M. De Candolle has endeavoured to devise à

system of classification based upon the constitutions of plants

in their relations to heat and humidity.
He proposes five groups, founded upon their physical
requirements.

1. Megatherms (Extreme heat with moisture). Plants inha-
biting the tropical plains extending to the thirteenth par-
allel ; temperature above 86° Fabr.

2; En (Extreme-dry re The same temperature,

moisture. The arid regions, from the twentieth
and the thirty- parallel, a very extensive area

3. Mesotherms (Moderate heat). Temperature au bo:
58° to 68° The Mediterranean and similar rev: ae

4. Microtherms (Small heat). Temperature . es

The plants of central Europe, ne

5. Hekisotherms. Plants of the Arctic and Antarctic rep!

chiefly herbaceous and cryptogamic. _….
This classification a Re :
_ | PPEArs at first very artificial an some-

$

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

100

what arbitrary. But are not all systems more or less 50 ?
It would be necessary t0 follow the pass through his
arguments t0 appreciate his dictum, end time affects the
constitution in a less degree than their variations in form. In
our catalogues, says he, we find a hundred different variations
in form for one in earliness. The Date has been cultivated
in Italy for upwards of 3000 years, and to the present day
does not yield good fruit. Again, gardeners trouble themselves
little about the botanical position of a plant, but its native
country is à matter of the first import, It is the exotic plant

whose period of growth is of shorter duration than those
of our climate, that present the greatest difficulties to the
cultivator. This is à constitutional and hereditary peculiar-
ity, and is a great though not insurmountable obstacle in

the way of their successful cultivation.
It will be seen from the foregoing summary that M. De
Candolle’s memoir is of equal interest to both botanists

and horticulturists. We shall take another opportunity to

speak of his conclusions.

_— FroweriG or EriocauLoNs. — These highly curious
plants are very difcult to cultivate. À great many species
have been introduced from the tropics, but all have been
lost again. Their rosettes of leaves give them some resem-
blance to the Brometiaceae, or large specimen of Luzula
sytvatica. One, however, in the Luxembourg garden, sent
from Brazil, has flowered profusely this year. The seed
was sown in fresh moss, and quickly germinated. The plants
have been kept in a greenhouse since 1871, and this season
one of them has flowered well. The others will probably
soon do the same. They will apparently do well if treated in
the same way as Sarracenias.

— Uxpupxisnen Letters or CELEBRATED BoTanisrs. —
M. Roumeguère, a botanist of Toulouse, has for many years
been engaged in collecting autographs of ancient and modern

botanists. He has already brought together à considerable :

collection of these interesting and valuable documents in
the history of plants; and at the last meeting of the Bota-
nical Society of the Pyrenees he was able to show some
extremely curious letters, written by the Younger Linnæus,

Gouan, Lamarck, Acharius, Picot de Lapeyrouse, etc., etc.

M. Roumeguère now appeals through the press to all those
possessing autographs, in order to effect exchanges or pur-
chases.. We willingly grant him the publicity afforded by
our journal. Persons may address themselves direct to
M. Casimir Roumeguère, botanist, Toulouse, France.

— De Tuneouw-Iirusrrarre. — We have just received
another part of the illustrated work published by Messrs.
Krelage of Haarlem under the above title. This part, which
completes the first volume, contains 66 pages, and engrav-

ings of the following plants, accompained by well written

articles : Litium Wittei, Asclepias tuberosa, Arisaema rin-
geus, Cineraria hybrida plena, Hippeastrun pardinum,
Begonia oliviensis, Sedeni, Chelsoni, intermedia, Veitchi and
rosaeflora, Gerardia querciflora and Dedicularia, Crocosma
aurea, Lilium Humbotatit and L. tigrinum plenum. We
shall take this number up again on another occasion, il
reference to à well-written article on Lilies, Lis
— Exmprrions, — 7» Glamorganshire Horticultural S0-

ciety's twelfth annual show of Plants, Flowers, Fruits, etc.
will be held at Cardiff on Wednesday , August 19. About

# 300 will be given in prizes. One of the principal classes

101

is for twelve Stove and Greenhouse Plants in pots, for which
prizes of £ 15 £ 10 and £ 5 are offered. For schedules and
other particulars, apply to Henry Bowen, Hon. Sec., Cardiff.
— À grand Horticultural Exhibition will be held at Dudiey,
in connection with the Worcester Agricultural Society, on
August 25, 26 and 27. Apply to Albert Buck, secretary,
Worcester. — À Great International Show of Plants, Flow-
ers and Fruits will be held in the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Belfast, on Thursday and Friday, Aug. 20 and 91. Schedules
and all other information to be had through the secretaries,

R. Atkinson, J. Taylor and C. D. Yonge. — The Autumn
LEA of the Brighton and Sussex Horticultural Society will
: be held in the Royal Pavilion, Brighton, on September 9
and 10. Two or three valuable cups are offered for com-
petition. Apply to Edward Carpenter, 96 St. James’ street,
Brighton. — À General Exhibition of Plants, Flowers, Fruits
and Vegetables and of Horticultural accessories and im-
plements will be held at Zyons on September 17 to the 20.
We may observe that the schedule is a very full one. Apply
to M. le secrétaire général du Cercle d’Horticulture, 14, rue
de la Bourse, Lyon. — The Pomologicat Congress of France
will hold its next meeting (the seventeenth) at Angers, in
the apartments of the Horticulture Society, Boulevard des
Lices, from September 28 to October 3, included. Members
of the congress and the societies in connection with it are
requested to communicate with M. le Président du
Congrès Pomologique, Lyon. Exhibitors should apply to
the secretary, M. Millet, Angers. We are told that this will
be a very brilliant gathering, which we do not doubt, taking
into consideration the importance of the district as à po-
mological centre and the well known scientific practice of
the numerous Angevine gardeners and their traditional
hospitality.

— Rose Snow AT Lyons. — At the time we are writing
these lines the exhibition of Roses at Lyons is probably
open. We are informed that the commission hope to bring
together a numerous and important collection. We no-
ticed that there were thirty classes in the schedule. As
soon as the results reach us we shall publish them.

— FRurTnG or Torrexa Myrisrica. —— This handsome
evergreen 1s now bearing fruit in the nurseries of Messrs.
Thibaut and Keteleer, at Sceaux , Seine. So far as our know-
ledge goes, this is the first time it has fruited in Europe.

— OBrTuARY. — One of the most celebrated of English
horticulturists, Mr. John Salter, died on the tenth of May
last, aged 76 years. He was well known for the improve-
ments he effected in many florists flowers, such as the Dañtia,
Chrysanthemum, and Pyrethrum roseum, and for the intro-
duction of many choice variegated varieties of plants, such
for instance as the variegated Lily-of-the-Valley. From 1838
to 1848, be carried on the business of a florist at Versailles,
in France, where he raised many of the best varieties of
Chrysanthemum.

Another English horticulturist of still wider fame as a

florist and a writer on floriculture and horticulture, has

passed from us. We mean M George Glenny, who died on
the seventeenth of May last, after a short illness, at the
ripe old age Of 81 years. He was the originator of garden

éWSpapers in England, and for several years conducted the |

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.
TT ——— = —

— EE .

first that was established, called the Ga
He was also one of the founders

rdeners Gazette.
Of the Gardeners’ Royal

Properties of Flowers and Pants, and he was repeatedly
vexed by other writers Copying his axioms without acknow-
ledgment. For more than twenty-two years he contributed
the horticultural column to Lioyd's Newspaper.,

On June 18, William Beattie Booth died at the age of 70.
He is described as having been one of the most refined and
talented gardeners of his day. When about twenty years of
age, in 1824, he entered the Horticultura]l Society's Garden
at Chiswick, and gradually rose to the position of garden
clerk, He it was who commenced the valuable meteorological
observations, taken up and carried on for 80 long by the
late M° Robert Thomson. After various changes he returned
to London in 1858 and accepted the post of assistant sec-
retary to the Horticultural Society, which post be held
till the changes and removal to Kensington, He was joint
author with M' Chandler of Tüustrations of the Cameuiae ,
and author of other scattered papers. In 1825, while still
quite a young gardener, he was elected an associate of the
Linnean Society.

M. Cordier, one of the most distinguished of French bo-
tanists, died at Algiers, June 18, aged 78 years. He rendered
great services to botany, and not long since published a
splendid work on Fungi. His loss will be deeply felt both
by his friends and in scientific circles.

M. Fée, President of the Botanical Society of France,
must also be added to our mournful roll of dead. He passed
away On the twentyfrst of May, at the advanced age of 85.
He was one of the most noted of French pteridologists,
and is well known by his many writings on Ferns. Until
the last war broke out, he was Professor of botany at the
University of Strasbourg. Notwithstanding the solicitations
of his pupils, the wishes of his friends, and the inducements
held out by the new possessors of Strasbourg he was proof
against all, and remained true to his country, and removed
to Paris. But the shock was too great for one at his age,
and he soon succumbed, carrying with him the respects
and regrets of all.

A name brilliant in the world of letters closes our sad

| necrologue; it is that of M. Jules Janin. He belonged to

the science of plants for the love he bore them, for the
charming manner in which he sang their praises, and for
his noble endeavours to inculcate in youth an appreciation
of their beauties. I had the honour of being an inmate of
that delightful house at Passy for more than fifteen years.
There I saw all that was illustrious in Art and Literature
of recent times. And it was he who fostered and guided
my first steps in Literary labours. His memory is one that
will ever remain fresh, and it is a sorrowfal pleasure to have
the privilege of saying that his goodness and gentleness
were superior even to that wonderful talent, which rendered
‘him the delight of two generations.'In him I mourn the loss
of an excellent friend; and he was one of the best of the
writers who could describe the charms of flowers in language
worthy of the _— PL

ne

Les

rs
Ÿ..

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

104

PL. CLXXIII.

AZALEA MARQUIS CORSI, LINDEN.

NAT. ORD. ERICACEAE.

For the Etymology and Generic and Specific Character see preceding plate CLXXI.

Cnanacren or rue varery : Compact clusters of bright
rosy carmine flowers, with orbicular striped and spotted
petals, deeper coloured towards the margine, and purple

black in the centre ; stamens transformed into almost regular
petals of the same tints.

New or rare Plants published in Contemporary Periodicals ().

Boranicarn MAGAzINE.

ARISAEMA SPECIOSUM. — Aroideae. — Tab. 5964. — A
tuberousrooted, dioecious plant with deep purple spathes,
about a foot long, banded with white inside; spadix with
a long filiform appendage. Himalaya.

VERONICA PARVIFOLIA, var. angustifolia, — Scrophula-
rineae, — 5965. Shrubby, with reddish wood and pale lilac
flowers. New Zealand.

Resrepra ELEGANS. — Orchideae. — 5966. Tufted , dorsal
sepal extended into a long erect tail, yellow and white spotted
with purple. Caracas.

SAXIFRAGA SrRACHEYI, Saxifragene. — 5967. Leaves in
rosettes, orbicular. Scapes about 8 inches high, drooping ;
flowers rose. Himalaya.

DeNDRORUM AMETHYSToGLOsSUM. — Orchideae. — 5968.
Stems three feet high; panicles dense; flowers ivory-white,
labellum amethystine violet.

FRiriiLanta TULPtFOutA. — Liliaceae, — 5969. Stem six
to eight inches high, bearing 3 or 4 leaves. Flower solitary,
tulip-shaped, rusty-brown purple within, outer perianth-
segments dark glaucous blue streaked with purple outside,
inner with a broad glaucous blue band down the back, Cau-
casus.

CrPRIPEDIUM LONGFOLIUM. —. Orchidene, — 5970. À large
and handsome species with long leaves and large yellowish
green flowers tinged and marked with purple. Central
America. :

GREVILLEA ROSMARINIFOLIA. — Proteaceae. — 5971. À

robust evergreen greenhouse shrub with linear leaves and

ASTEROSTIGMA LUSCHNATHIANTA. Aroideae — 5979. _
Spathe green with brown spots ; Spadix and anthers scarlet.
Leaves pinnatifid : stem streaked with purple.

OLARIA DExTATA. — Compositae — 5973, __ 4 bushy
Shrub of ornamental aspect with white and rose flower
heads, formerly sent out under the names, Aster dentatus
tomentosus and ferrugineus. — Australia. x
CRoraLARrA Hevnana. — Legunimosae — 5974. — An

undershrub about two feet high ; flowe i
ie. : HOWers white and blue. __ |

XæxoN Tincrranum., — Iridaceae — 5981. À splendiq
ne
() At th Se
| e request of
review of new and rrra C*E réaers we resume our epitomized

plant originally discovered by Salzmann in 1825, and since
by D° Hooker at Tangier in 1871. The flowers are of a rich
violet purple. — Morocco. |

MunrinGraA CaraBurA. — Tiliaceae —— 5982. — A hand-
some stove shrub with white flowers about an inch in dia-
meter. — Tropical America.

Linarra MarocCANA. — Scrophularineae — 5983. __ Flow-
ers Of à beautiful violet purple with a yellow spot on the
lower lip. Collected by D' Hooker on the great Atlas in
1871. — Morocco.

GAULTHERIA FRAGRANTISSIMA. — Ericaceae — 5984. —,
A greenhouse evergreen shrub with ivory-white fragrant
though rather inconspicuous flowers. — Himalaya.

ZAMIOCULCAS LODDIGESIT. — Aroideae — 5985. — À highly
curious plant introduced as long ago as 1828, and posses-
sing a most remarkable resemblance in its foliage to a
Zamia. — Zanzibar.

TRECULIA AFRICANA. — Artocarpeae — 5986, — A tree
bearing a large edible fruit resembling the Breadfruit, eaten
by the Negroes on the coast from Senegambia to Angola. It
is the Okwa tree.

AmomuM MELEGUETA, var, minor. — Zingiberaceae — 5987.
Flowers pale pink, suffused with yellow towards the centre,
Leaves four to six inches long by one broad. — West tropi-
cal Africa.

MONANTHES MURALIS. — Crassulaceae — 5988. — À small
genus confined to the Canaries and Morocco. Stems short;
leaves in rosettes: petals golden yellow speckled with red.
— Morocco.

BRODI&A MULTIFLORA. — Liliaceae — 5989, — A hand-
some bulbous plant with globular heads of bright blue flowers:
perianth-tube ventricose, lobes acute. California. #

Masbevartra Livpenr, — Orchidene — 5990. —" See our

| TRICOLOR, var. aureg. — Liliaceæ.
— | variable plant whose forms are known as aurea, tuteola
an Zadricolor, the typical pl i gold
= rt plant having handsome golden
yellow flowers. A : or

6 Valuable plant for the conserv tory in
Winter. — South Africa, + »”
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THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CLXXIV,

LIVISTONA HOOGENDORPIT.

HOOGENDORP'S LIVISTONA.

-Nar. Onn. PALMACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : Dedicated by Robert Brown to Patrick Murray of Liviston
GENERIC CHARACTER : Flores hermaphroditi, in spadice spathis pluribu
Calyx trifidus. Corolla tripartita. Stamina 6, filamenta in discum hypogynum coalita, anthe
tria, intus cohaerentia. Sfyli coalescentes, stigmatibus connatis vel distinctis.
ventrali testae radio horizontali ruminatum. Embryo dorsalis. — Palmae in

e, near Edinburgh.

s incompletis basiliaribus cincto sessiles, bractonti.
rae cordato-oblongne. Ovarii carpidia
Bacca pleramque unica, monosperma. Albumen cavitatae *
Nova-Hollandia et in Asia tropica observatae, caudice

mediocri, frondium basibus persistentibus squamato, frondibus flabelliformibus, laciniis apice bifidis, saepe filis interjectis distinctis,
Livistona, R. Brown, Prodr., I, 123. Mart., Palm., t. 110, 111, 145, 146. Synops. mse,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER : For the description, see our next number,

The introduction of living plants of the species which
formed the type of this beautiful genus L. australis occur-
red under very curious Circumstances.

It happened in this way : when Allan Cunningham was
acting as Government botanist in Australia, he sent some
cases of plants to Kew, in which his assistants, to save
themselves the trouble of seeking or preparing other means
of drainage, placed a quantity of Palm seeds. When the
cases were unpacked these seeds were found to be in course
of germination. And one of those seedlings has now become
one of the noblest ornaments of the Palm house at Kew.
* Another specimen from the same source is, or rather was,
for we believe it perished with many other grand plants
in the unfortunate conflagration which laid à portion of
the building in ruins, at the Crystal Palace; and a third
adorns the large house at Herrenhausen, where M' Wend-
land has been obliged to lower the tub from time to time,
according as the crown rose and threatened to break through
the glass.

This lesson was not lost. Mr. Smith, the curator of Kew
Gardens , made the fact known, and it has been the means
of hundreds of thousands of different Palm seeds reaching
this country in a satisfactory condition. Dr. Seemann, who
published the foregoing details, frequently made use of this
plan in the course of his long travels,and thereby succeeded in

introducing a number of beautiful species of this large family.

The Livistonas are natives of Eastern Asia and Aus-
tralia, Their.trunks are usually arborescent and destitute
of spines. The leaves are palmate, and their petioles fur-
nished with an abundance of fibre at the base and prickly
on the margins. The flowers are hermaphrodite, small,
white, in axillary panicles; and the fruit is a drupe, usually
unequal sided and of a bright blue colour.

The species of this genus combine many useful properties
with à peculiar grandeur and stateliness of habit, L, Jen-
kinsiana, Griff., called Joko-pat by the natives of Assam,
is planted before the dwellings of all the principal inhabi-
tants. The leaves are used for thatching houses, covering
palanquins and boats, and for making the umbrella hats,
The wood and leaves of L. rotundifolia, Mart., of Java and
the Celebes, are employed in various ways. Several species

‘are known, six of which have been introduced into our

gardens : L. australis (Corypha australis, R. Br.) L. chinen-
sis, Mart. (Latania borbonica, Lam. ; L. mauritiana, Wall. ;
L. chinensis, Jacq.; Saribus chinensis, BL.) L. Jenkinsiana,
Grif. ; L. olivaeformis, Mart. (Saribus olivaeformis, Hassk.,
Chamaerops Biroo, Hort.) L. rotundifolia, Mart. (Corypha
rotundifotia, Lam., Saribus rotundifolius, Blume) Lévistona
spectabitis, Griff.? and lastly L. Hogendorpii, of sp we

here give a portrait.

on tttothel

À NEW METHOD OF PROPAGATING ORANGE TREES.

We find à very amusing tale in the last Bulletin of the
Horticultural Society of Paris (1874, p.154). It is worth
making more widely kuown. The narrative is due to M. Hue
(Julien), a gardener at Bois-commun, Loiret, who com-
municated it to the Society.

“ Two amateurs possessed an Orange tree in common.
They quarreled, each thought himself alone entitled to the

» And it became necessary to divide. No better plan
Could be devised than that of sawing the wretched tree

longitudinally into two equal parts. This vas accordingly
done, and each of the disputants bore off his half, applied
the ointment of St. Fiacre to the vound, planted it ns
separately; and now two healthy trees may be seen,
park having grown over the exposed wood. ”
After this we need despair of nothing, the Sieur of Se ra.
who removed the pith from his Cherry trees in ©
obtain stoneless fruit, having found followers Per ml
later ! -

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CLXXV.

AZALEA MARSHAL MAC-MAHON, BRUGGE.

NAT. ORD. ERICACEAE.

For the Etymology and Specific and Generic Character see

Cuanacres or vue vamæry : This magnificent variety
bears enormous clusters of truly gorgeous flowers, the largest
known in the genus, and frequently exceeding four inches in
diameter. The somewhat hedrt-shaped, emarginate , undulate

pétals spread widely and are of à brilliant fiery red, the
three upper ones tinged and spotted with a clear violet.

preceding plate CLXXI.

The filaments are scarlet, and the anthers a very dark
blue, some of the flowers shew à tendency to become double
from the transformation of the stamens into petals. It is
certainly one of the finest varieties hitherto produced.

E. A.

ORNAMENTAL
AZALEZS AT
These charming Indian, or rather Chinese, shrubs are
tender in our northern climes, and we scarcely know them
otherwise than as the inmates of a greenhouse. Art has
supplemented nature in her task; and the degree of per-

fection attained by the gardeners of Ghent in the culture
of Azaleas is notorious, whereof Exhibitions both at home
and abroad are permanent witnesses. At Florence again
we-were shown collections that came from Belgium and
_ carried off all the prizes.

But what is far less known, is the beauty they acquire
in the open ground, in localities where the climate and
soil are favourable to their proper development. In Belgium
and France, one species, À. Htiifora, grows and resists our
Winters with little protection : and there are, doubtless,
other varieties that will flourish and flower freely on the
south-west coast of England, as à great many do well at
Cherbourg, Brest and Nantes.

But he who has not had the opportunity of seeing them
in northern Italy, and especially those on Lake Como, has
seen nothing! Messrs. Rovelli of Pallanza, Lake Major,
cultivate nearly all the Belgian and English varieties. They
form dwarf bushes, and flower with Surprising profusion.

And on an eastern slope they succeed best, as they are not
exposed to the fiercer rays of a Scorching sun.

The transformation of old or poor varieties Of Camellia

in the open air has always been a problem difficult to solve,

in consequence of the young graft drying up, in spite of all

Précautions for its protection.

_ The discovery of a simple and sure method of
se subjects in the

© — About the middle

É Cut in, close or other-
Wise, according as it may be, whether à complete or only a

+ In cutting the branches

ngth upwards
the mes à LA à ;

Ariel pal branches thus cut off, one or two
are | Inserted, on the wedge system , securely bound

GARDENINCG.
LAKE COMO.-

Nevertheless, the results obtained about Lake Como are
still more remarkable. Above all, the Azaleas at the Villa
Carlotta should be seen. This estate is at Cadenabbia,
opposite Bellagio, and was formerly known as the Villa
Sommariva. Here also are some valuable works of art,
amongst Other some bas-reliefs by Thorwaldsen, the Danish
sculptor, and the famous statues by Canova, as Love and
Psyche, the Magdalene, ete. We shall give a description of
this beautiful estate at another time.

The newer part of the gardens, near the village of
Cadenabbia, have recently been improved and embellished
under the superintendence of the gardener, M. Giuseppe
Morganti. À bank of Azaleas particularly attracted our

attention, and we intended saying something about them,

but our pen is too feeble to describe their splendour when
in full bloom. These repeated clumps of shrubs, clothed
with innumerable flowers, like a mantle of gauze of a
thousand tints, hada most charming effect. AIl of the varie-

ties flourish equally well. They naturally assume a roundish :

outline, but without the stiff uniformity and regularity of
our greenhouse specimens.

We have only one word to add ; let every one go änd see |

this forest of Azaleas, for no description can give an idea
of their splendour in the month of April. E. A

a
Grafling Camellias in the Open Ground.
up, and overlaid with the grafting wax, Lhomme-Lefort,

in the usual manner. A small bottle with a large neck 1s
then slipped over the whole, the open nozzle being stuffed
with damp moss, and à piece of paper tied over the upper
part of the bottle to prevent the sun from scorching the graft, |
but at the same time permitting sufficient light to enter.
Thus the graft is placed in a medium in every way favourable
to its complete junction.

In this way M. Cornélis has already changed many ol
Camellias into Choice varieties , and he intends going through
the whole of his collection, reforming misshapen trees and
réplacing inferior varieties.

The aCCOmpanying wood-cut will assist our readers in
understanding the foregoing details of M. Cornélis method,
and be the means, we think, of its general adoption.

E. À,

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THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

110

PL. CLXXVI.

GALEANDRA DEVONIANA, 1iNDLe.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from #13, a helmet, and &p a ant
GENERIC CHARACTER : perianthium patens, petalis sepalisque subsequalibus ascendentibus
indivisum vel obsolete trilobum, calcari intus lamellis auctum. Columna erecta membranaceo-alata

, in reference to the anther crest.

Labellum infundibuliforme
clinandrio declivi. Pollinia À

postice excavata, caudicula brevi, glandulae brevi divergenti bilobae adnata. Herbae terrestres et epiphytae, caulibus foliati
; ONATIS,

racemis terminalibus (Linn., Sert. Orch. 317).

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : caulis erectus simplex teres polyphyllus: folia lanceolata, trinervia;æacemus sessilis erectus mul
tiflorus; labelli lamina ovata obtuse crenulata, lamellis 4, pone basin; antherae crista carnosa robiaiés pubescens "

Graleandra Devoniana, Lindl., Sert. Orch. 37.

This handsome Orchid was first described by D° Lindley,
and originally discovered by Schomburgk on the banks of
the Rio Negro, a tributary of the Amazon, near Barcellos
or Marina, and also near Harendauar or Podrero. It was
growing in large tufts, from 10 to 12 feet in circumference,
either upon trees, and chiefly upon the stems of Mauritia
aculeata bordering the river, or upon the ground, wliere
there was vegetable mould. Schomburgk speaks of it in
enthusiastic language; and it well merits the praises he
bestows upon it. Our plate faithfully renders the large
racemes of delicately and purely tinted flowers of this beau-
tiful plant. But one can scarcely imagine the rich abundance

of flowers on its long, slender inflorescence, often taller
than a man, purple at the base and green upwards, and
especially striking when hanging from a tree. Spruce re-dis-
covered it in the same habitats where Schomburgk found
it. Since that period, now some years ago, it has several
times been introduced in a living state, but it has, never-
theless, nearly or quite disappeared from our gardens.
M. Linden, who knew the localities well where it grew,
sent one of his travellers thither, who was s0 fortunate as
to send it home in a good state. We have seen this lot of
plants; they are in good health, and will soon be dis-
persed to enrich the great collections.

. *

PHYLLOXERA VASTATRIX AND AMERICAN GRAPE VINES.

It is not so generally known in England that this scourge,
which is desolating the Vineyards of the south of France,
appears to be powerless against the American Vines. There
is little doubt that up to the present time, at all events,
the American Vines have resisted its attacks, though there
are some persons who question their complete immunity,
and it is well not be too positive on this point. But M.
Planchon’s opinion that this insect came to us from Ame-
rica has recently been satisfactorily verified. Coupled with
this assertion, M. Planchon advanced the suggestion that we
should fight the enemy by planting American in the place
of European Vines. :

At Roquemaure, Gard, a M. Borty cultivated a vineyard
which was overrun with mildew. About the year 1862 — six
years before the appearance of the Phylloxera was recorded
— he tried à small plot with American canes, in all some-
thing like 150, some rooted and others simply cuttings. At
the present time, after a lapse of éwelve years, these canes
are all in vigorous health, whilst all the European vines
immediately around them have fallen a prey to the Phyl-
loxera. The American varieties planted by M. Borty are:
Clinton, Post Oak, Emily, Ives Seedling, Clara and Mus-
tang. He also possessed the Delaware and Isabella which
became victims of the plague, though elsewhere, as at

Bordeaux, and in America itself, these varieties remained
proof against it.

The explanation of these observations seems to be this,
that this small plot of American canes, planted by M. Borty,
formed the centre from which the Paylioxera has spread in
the Gard, justas M. Laliman’s vines started it in the vicinity
of Bordeaux.

Here then, we think, is a fact of sufficient importance to

| be carefully considered in connection with the planting of

American Vines on a large scale. Moreover, we still think
that the rage for American Vines is carried too far, little care
being exercised in the selection of suitable varieties. Most
likely the recommendation alone of a scientific man so deser-
ving of confidence as M. Planchon, would serve as à suffi-
cient pretext to many speculators upon which to base their
operations ; a not unusual circumstance in similar cases.
Not all of the American varieties are suitable for our pur-
poses ; few, indeed, being of the same value as the Scupper-
nong and some others. Whilst keeping the main object in
view, namely, the destruction of the scourge or the discovery
of new and vigourous races 0 replace the old, we urge the

si i dence.
tv of exercising the greatest caution and pru
necessity 01 sn e

+4

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

MISCELLANEOUS.
EXHIBITION OF THE SOCIÉTÉ ROYALE DE FLORE AT BRUSSELS.

This Exhibition, opened April 6, was of twofold interest | were very backward, owing to the cold weather, which had

to the public, inasmuch as it offered the much coveted view
of new and rare plants and the inauguration of the splendid
new building of the New Exchange, constructed by the ar-
chitect, M. Suys. It was hoped that the King and Queen
of the Belgians would grace with their presence the cere-
mony of celebrating this double event; but Their Majesties
were represented by the Count and Countess of Flanders.
The Countof Ribeaucourt, President, and M. Linden, Vice-
president, did the honours of the exhibition to the Royal
visitors. |

The Amaryllises sent from Ghent by M. Van Houtte were
greatly admired, as were also M. Linden's New Plants,
Palms, Tree Ferns, etc. etc. Amongst flowers there was a
great profusion of Roses, Hyacinths, Calteolarias, Tulips,
Cinerarias, Rhododendrons, Camellias, Pelargoniums, and
Orchids. Unfortunately, the Azaleas and Rhododendrons

greatly retarded their flowering.

The special class of this show was devoted to Ornamental
Stove and Greenhouse Plants. The first prize was unanim-
ously awarded to M. Linden, and M. Lemonnier gained the
second.

Amongst the principal attractions of the Exhibition was a
group of artificial flowers from Madame Lignier of Brussels,
who justly deserved the valuable medal awarded to her.
À few Pears and Apples, and a quantity of garden ornaments

| and furniture, were amongst the accessories to this Exhi-

bition, which would have been far more brilliant if it had
taken place a month later.

We give below a list of the New Plants exhibited by
M. Linden, which gained him the first prize. Many of them
have already formed the subjects of articles in this J ournal ,
and others will appear in their turn.

CULTURE OF BORONIAS.

These beautiful greenhouse plants are too little known,
and where they are known, often badly grown. They are all
indigenous to Australia , and may be ranked with the most
attractive of the numerous bright forms of that rich flora.

The general appearance of the plants in or out of flower
is pleasing, being devoid of that stiff upright habit which
many hard-wooded shrubs possess. They are also plants not
so liable to get into bad condition at the roots as many
greenhouse subjects, and with good treatment are moderately
fast growers, continuing to flower freely and regularly for a
number of years. Being free rooting plants they should never
be allowed to suffer for pot room, for if they do it is a diff-
cult matter to get them to move freely afterwards. In selecting
plants to commence with, it is necessary to obtain such as
are free growing, even if small, in preference to mere size.
They are usually grafted, but will do equally well on their
own roots. [have had them both ways, but never could see
sufficient difference to warrant preference. They succeed best
in good peat, not necessarily so fibrous as some more délicate
plants require. Use one sixth or seventh part of sand,
… according to the description of peat, which for plants, say
in six-inch pots, should be broken in pieces about the size
of broad beans , and well mixed with the sand. :

After potting, place them in a house or pit where they
_ can receive à night temperature of 45°, and give no side ven-
_ tilation for some three or four weeks. Keep the stage on
which they stand sprinkled with water in bright weather ;

but if potted early they will not require shading.

By midsummer they will have filled their pots with roots,
and require pots two or three inches larger. Move them
carefully without disturbing their roots, more than is una-
voidable, as at this sunny time of the year they will feel it
much more than at their first potting, and will require sha-

| dngin bright weather for three or four weeks, keeping the
= outsides of the pots and the stage damped down three or
four times a day. The house should also be kept a little closer

until they get hold of the new soil ; and when they appear

to have done so, syringe overhead every evening, closing
the house about five o’clock.

Continue this treatment until the beginning of August,
after which discontinue the closing, leaving the top ventila-
tors open all night: but still syringe overhead for a few
weeks longer. fowards the end of the month turn them
out of doors for à fortnight or three weeks to ripen their
growth, as they are plants much subject to mildew, and
unless they receive this open air treatment will be difficult
to manage through the winter. B. serrulata, however, should
not be fully exposed, as its foliage is liable to burn and
turn yellow if so treated. By the middle of September remove
the plants to their winter quarters, which should be in a
good light house near the glass, with à similar temperature to
that before recommended. Give less water during the short

days, and comparative rest of the plants, but they must

never be allowed to get too dry, or their leaves will suffer.

They are all subject to brown scale and aphides, their small
leaves rendering the former insect difficult to remove. The
best remedy is to wash them all over with Fowler’s insecti-
cide, 4 ounces to the gallon of water, applying it with the
syringe at a temperature of 90°. For aphides fumigation .
is the best course to follow, smoking them two or three
times at intervals of ten days.

The four following are the best.

B. pinnata, the very best Boronia, and one of the most
desirable plants in cultivation ; but it is subject to mildew,
the earliest traces of which should be treated with sulphur.

B. Drummondii, less vigorous grower and of more slender
habit, requiring less pot room ; otherwise the same treatment.

B. tetrandra, à stronger grower than either of the pre-
ceding, with larger leaves and paler flowers.

B. serrulata, a smaller growing plant of a different habit
from the foregoing. It has the brightest coloured fragrant
flowers, covering the plant from April to June. It must be

ly watched for scale and mildew. (Condensed from an
article by M. T. Baines in the Gardeners Chronicie).

4

113

August, 1874.
—_ ExmrmrrioN AT Lyons. — We announced in our last
number the Exhibition of Roses that should have taken
place in July. Unfortunately the haïl played such havoc
throughout the district, that it was found to be quite im-
possible to hold any exhibition whatever. However, the
Lyonnaise gardeners are not be discouraged by this untow-
ard cireumstance, having organised à general horticultural
exhibition to be held in September, from the 17 to 20,
inclusive, which will also be open to foreign exhibitors.
We call upon our colleagues to support them. We shall be
there to report from a personal view, and also to undertake
the duties of a judge. Applications should be addressed
to the secretary, M. E. Rohner, 60, Avenue de Noailles, à
. Lyon, before September 10.
— ExHiIBITION AT LIEGE, AwaARDs. — A correspondent
has communicated the results of the competitions at that
magnificent exhibition, which was held on July 5 and 6.
Grand Prize. À gold medal, presented by His Majesty
the king of the Belgians, to M. Gantreau, Rosegrower, of
Brie-Comte-Robert, France, for collections of Roses amount-
ing in the aggregate to the enormous number of 1313
expanded flowers.
Grand Prise given by the Lady Patronesses. À gold
medal, to M. Scipion Cochet of Suisnes, France, for col-
lections of Roses , including 1085 flowers, and one collection
containing 540 varieties.
Grand Prize the gift of Her Majesty the Queen of the
Belgians, jewels, to M. Nizet, Rose grower at Liege, for
425 cut Roses, including one collection of 200 varieties.
One exhibitor alone, M. D. Guerin, of Servon, near Brie-

Comte-Robert, sent 2500 flowers of the Rose du Roi.
In the class for Orchids the awards were :
. Gold medal of the Federation, value 500 francs , to M. La-
marche de Rossius, of Liege, for 30 exotic Orchids.
Grand Prize of merit (2°) to M. Jules Pirlot.
The class for New Plants produced amongst other inter-
Sting things in the collections sent by Messrs Jacob Makoy :

Juncea, Alocasia Gibsoni and Fagraea Giaziouana. The
Grand Prize given by the Government fell to the same exhi-
bitor for his Palms. Such are the principal results of the
Exhibition ; we regret want of space prevents us from giving
à more detailed report. |

ULOXERA AGAIN. — The large prize of 300,000
francs offered by the French Government for the discovery
of an effectual method of destroying the Phytioæera, has
8lven rise to an overwhelving flood of proposals and plans
or its destruction, each remedy rivalling all others in its
Barvellous properties. One of them appears to be very well
North & trial. It is the cultivation of Hemp or Tobacco in
F0WS. between the vines. As the growth of this valuable sol-
"cons plant would be attended with dificulties for the
<xchequer, M. Brongniart, who spoke on this subject at the
Academy of sciences, suggested that the Thorn apple, Datura

—

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

A — de

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

nn

Stramonium, another stron
should be employed instead
Opinion as

8 growing solanaceons plant,
- We, ourselves, dare offer no
to the practical utility of the various means
proposed, but we must own that we have at present very
little confidence in them.

— Namonar REwaRD ro M. PasTEuR. — The beautiful
works by this learned academicion on the diseases of the
silkworm and other subjects are well kwown, The French
National Assembly has recently done à very graceful act in
conferring on M. Pasteur, whose pecuniary circumstances
Were anything but flourishing, an annual pension of 12000

Adiantum ambulator, five varieties Of Maranta, Tillandsia

francs for life, as a national reward for his services to his
country.

— BoranicaAL ExPLORATION or Tunis. — M. N. Doûmet
Adanson, of Montpellier, has just returned from a botanical
journey through the state of Tunis. Important results have
accrued from his travels. His investigations were mainly
directed to the forests of Acacia gummifera, that are be

found in the south, following in this the instructions of the

academy of sciences.

— FLoRA Brasicrensis. — This grand work is approa-
ching completion. Part 60 contains three orders worked up
by Engler, namely, Otacineae, Icacineae and Zygophylleae.
Part 61 includes the Æwphorbiaceae, by Müller; 62, the
Compositae, by Baker, and 63, the Polygaleae, by Bennett.
Owing to the energy brought to bear upon this splendid
work by Mr. Eichler, we may venture to hope to see this
monument of botanical science devoted to the Brazilian
empire, speedily accomplished.

— BoTANICAL COMPETITION. — The Academy of Sciences
of Caen has recently proposed to offer a prize of 4000 francs
for the best essay on the Function of the leaves in the growth
of plants. Competitors must not only give a general view
of the present state of science, so far as this question is
concerned , but this must be supplemented by actual obser-
vation and experiment and any new facts that come to light
in the course of the researches. The essays must be pre-
sented atthe Academy before January 1, 1876.

__ Canna ræImrFLoRA. — Not long ago we requested our
readers to inform us, if possible, where ” could procure
Canna tiridiflora, à Very handsome Peruvian ra now
extremely rare, if indeed , it exists at all, in our s. est
M. J. Sisley, of Montplaisir, Lyons, and the Com Fr ui
bertye, of Chaltrait, Marne, wish Ld join ru res

d in our efforts to recover this beautiful plant. 2
4 pat be would be extremely glad to have C. éridifora
Ent <h. if we mistake not, was one of the finest acqui-
+. the celebrated raiser of

rubra, À
sitions of the lamented M. Année,

ar RTABLE PHYSIOLOGY. — M. Naudin relates a _
me rie in vegetable physiology , in ee wit
un eteorological conditions. It occurred at Co _—. |
it from the Journal d'Agriculture A ee à
ur April of 1873, that is to say fifteen

É 2

Our readers (!).

115

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

116

previously, he planted a specimen of Citrus buæifolia, from
China , in his garden, which gave no signs of life until the
event happened that is narrated below; it even lost all its
leaves latterly. On the twenty third of June a flood of rain
fell, aud a week afterwards the Citrus was covered with
leaves ; an extraordinary case of revival !

We have lately witnessed a similar instance of recovery
from a torpid state. In the winter of 1872-73, we purchased
a specimen about 5 feet high of Abies Nordmanniana, at
Angers, and carefully replanted it. From that time till now,
a period of one year and eight months, it has neither made
any growth nor lost its leaves, notwithstanding repeated
waterings and extreme changes in the weather. It is only
within these last few days that it has revealed a green bud.
How can this prolonged torpor and sudden re-animation be
accounted for ? À question more easily asked than answered.

— Onrruary.— Botany has recently lostone of its votaries
in M. K. F. Meissner, who died May 2, after a long illness.
He was born at Berne in 1800; and was for many years
professor at Basle. His principal work is his Plantarum
vascularium genera. He also published a monograph of the
genus Potygonum, and actively laboured on De Candolle’s
Prodromus and the Flora Brasiliensis.

M. Hahn, who was known to several botanists through
being attached to the last French exploring expedition in
Mexico, died in that country last September. He was a
native of Esenburg in the Hartz Mountains. M. Fournier
dedicated several ferns to him , and some other plants bear
his name as Disemma Hahni, and Gesneria Hahni.

Ep. Annré.
FLORA OF SAN REMO. :

In the study of Natural History, and more particularly
Botany, good figures always furnish the best and surest guide
to the determination of species. Since Dodonæus and Mat-
thiolus, all the works of any note that have been published
owe the greater part of their value and use for scientific
purposes to engraving or lithography, and to the art of the
draughtsman and painter.

Bat it was left for photography to reproduce nature in all
its beauty and truth, and this wonderful application of phy-
sico-chemical agencies is being more and more utilized in
the study of Plants.

We recently saw a remarkable instance of its use when
passing through San Remo, a small town of Liguria, in
Italy, not far from Nice, and celebrated for its Palm trees
and its agreeable climate. M. Pietro Guidi, a photographer,
assisted by a distinguished botanist, M. Panizzi, commenced

_ four years ago taking and publishing the portraits of the

rare and beautiful plants of the Ligurian coast. The photo-
graphs are of large size, beautifully printed , and altogether

well got up. The price is 20 Italian wvres (about fourteen

and sixpence) for ten species. We fell sure that many bot-
anists who may wish to have exact representations of rare
or doubtful species, will avail themselves of this publication.
To assist them in their choice, we append a list of those
species already published and from which a selection can be
made. On the appearance of a new set we shall have some-
thing more to say respecting the work of Messrs Guidi and
Panizzi, and in the meantime we warmly recommend it to
| E. A.

. . o Address Messrs Guidi and Panizzi, San Remo, Italy.

List of the Plants of the Flora of San Remo, Italy, photographed and
published by Messrs. Guidi and Panizi.

Anemone Pavonina, DC.
Ranunculus muricatus, L.
Nigella damascena, L.
Papaver hybridum, L.
Hypecoum procumbens, L.
Fumaria parviflora albiflora, Morts.
Cheiranthus Cheiri, L.
Matthiola sinuata, R. Br.
Moricandia arvensis, DC.
Koniga halimifolia, Reichb.
Cakile maritima, DC.

Isatis tinctoria, L.

Cistus Monspeliensis, L.
Helianthemum roseum, DC.
Polygala rosea, Des.

— Monspeliaca, Au.
Silene fuscata, Link.

— sericea, AU.
Moehringia frutescens , Panizzi.
Lavatera maritima, Gouan.

— punctata, A7.
Hypericum tomentosum, L.
Geranium tuberosum , L.
Cytisis triflorus, Hérit.
Ononis Cherleri, Desf.
Anthyllis tetraphylla, L.

— Barba-jovis, L.
Medicago marina, L.
Trigonella prostrata, DC.
Lotus cytisioides, A4.

Tetragonolobus purpureus, Moench.

Psoralea bituminosa, Z
Astragalus pentaglottis, L.
Scorpiurus subvillosa , Z.
Securigera coronilla, DC.
Coronilla stipularis, Lamcr.
Lythrum Graefferi, Ten.
Tamarix africana ligustica, DNtrs.
Paronychia nivea, DC.
Tordylium apulum, Z.
Orlaya maritima, Koch.
Lonicera implexa, Ait.
Crucianella angustifolia, ZL,
Rubia peregrina, L.

Galium saccharatum, Au.
Buphthalmum aquaticum, Z.
Pulicaria odora, Reiche.
Phagnalon rupestre, DC.

Plagius virgatus, DC.
Diotis candidissima, Desr.
Achillæa ligustica, AU.
Pyrethrum Miconis, Moencn.
Senecio Cineraria, DC.
Carlina lanata, L.
Atractylis cancellata, L.
Stachelina dubia, Z.
Centaurea crupina, Z.
Urospermum Dalechampii, Desr.
Vincetoxicum contiguum, Gren. et
God.
Vinca acutiflora, Bertor.
Convolvulus althæoides, Z
— pseudo-tricolor, Berto..

Convolvulus evolvuloides, Desr.
— pentapetaloides, Z
Omphalodes verna, Moencr.
Cerinthe aspera, Waitta.
Lithospermum apulum. Var.
Linaria triphylla, Mau.
Stachys maritima, L.

Ballota spinosa, Linn.
Teucrium polium, Z.

Ajuga Iva, Scareb.

Vitex Agnus Castus, Z.
Coris Monspeliensis, L.
Primula marginata, Curt.
Globularia. alypum, Z.
Statice Avei, D. Nirs.

— pubescens, DC.
Plantago Bellardi, Aw.

— Coronopus Spica ramosa.
Polygonum maritimum, Z.
Rumex Bucephalophorus, L.
Osyris alba, Z.

Euphorbia trinervis, Bertoi.

— spinosa, L.

— Characias, L.
Crozophora tinctoria, A. Juss.
Posidonia Caulini, Koning.
Arum dracunculus, Z.
Arisarum vulgare, Rick.

Barlia longibracteata, Parlat.

Crocus versicolor, Ker.
Sternbergia lutea, R. et S.
Pancratium maritimum, Z,
Queltia incomparabilis, Hate.
Narcissus papyraceus, Gaw1.
— Panizzianus, Partat.
+ auréus, Lois,
— Bertolouii, Partat.
— italicus, Séms.
elatus, Guss.
Tazzetta, Lois.

— Varians, Guss.

— Canaliculatus, Guss.

— Remopolensis, Paniszi.
Smilax aspera, L.

— b. Mauritanica, Desr.
Tulipa precox, Ten.

— Clusiana, Vent.
Asphodelus fistulosus, Z.
Lilium pomponium, Z
Nectaroscilla hyacinthoides, Part.
Allium triquetrum , Z,

— roseum, Z.

— subhirsutum, Z.
Hyÿacinthus orientalis, L.
Bellevalia romana, Reich.
Schoenus mucronatus , L.
Andropogon hirtus, L.

— pubescens, Vis.
Phalaris coerulescens , Desf.
Agrostis pungens, Scareb.
Lagarus ovatus, L.

Stipa tortilis, Desr.
Koeleria villosa, Pers.
Sclerochloa maritima, Linz.

PDeflannemaeker, ad nat. pire

J Linden, puël

s THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

118

PL. CLXXVII.
RONNBERGIA. MORRENIANA, -umpan à annet

MORREN'S RONNBERGIA.

NAT, ORD. BROMELIACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : À new genus, dedicated to M. Ronnberg

alatis; corolla in calycis tubo inserta; petala 3 unguiculo nudo
calycino inserta, 3 oppositi sepala, omnia libera, inserta; antherue

» director of the Belgian Ministr of Agricul

. . . ” , k
GENERIC CHARACTER : perianthium Superum; calyx herbaceus, Le 4 Er
in tubum elongatum incurvata ; limbus patulus brevis ; sfamina tubo

; ne js dorsifixae, erectae; sylus erectus, staminibus brevior, stigmatibus
8 contortis; Ovarium inferum, breve; placentae disciformes apicilares :

versus in cornu brevi deflexo productus. — Genus inter Disteganthus Lem. et Mucro

herbaceo sepalis dextrorsum alatis, 2° ovulis numerosis chalaza cornigera facile distiguendum.

Ronnbergia, genus novum. Morren et André.
5

O .

PECIFIC CHARACTER : herbacea, glabra : folia primum erecta, mox limbo patulo,
furascente, lobis basilaribus v. auriculis inaequalibus obliquis, in petiolum canaliculatum abr.
lata, supra laete viridia zonis maculisque intensioribus subepidermidis : flores in paniculam

ovato subcordato acuminato acuto fur-
upte contracto, 84 cent. longa, 10 cent.
thyrsoideam densam erectam congesti,

bracteis vaginantibus magnis inaequalibus longe acutis erectis furfuraceis; caetera generis... (vide supra). — Nova-Granata 1873. —
Pa , L

Ad vivum descripsi in hort. Lind. — Ép. À. -

Ronnbergia Morreniana, Linden et André, sp. nov.

Disteganthus Morrenianus, Lind. Catal.

It is not only the general appearance of the plant we
figure and describe to-day that has led us to consider it
the type, of a new genus. There are other far more weighty
reasons. On its arrival at M. Linden's establishment, it was
referred by our predecessor, Lemaire, to Disteganthus, but
it soon became evident that it could only enter this genus
through the species named D. Scartatinus, Hort. Lind. In-
deed it differs too widely from the lateral inflorescence of
D. basilateralis. Lemaire, to say nothing of the totally diffe-
rent habit, and blue not yellow flowers, not to strike us at
once. If we had the flowers of D. scartatinus before us we
might have determined whether they presented any further
differences, or whether it possesses the dextrorse wing of
the calyx-lobes, and the horny funicular prolongation of the
chalaza that characterise our new genus, meanwhile we
were unable to admit the generic identity of the two plants.

After having taken the Opinion of our friend Morren, we
decided that the characters offered by this plant were suf-
ciently distinctive to form a new genus. ;

A diagnosis will be found above, and the accompanying
picture will give a still better idea of the shape and position
of the different parts of the flower.

As soon as Disteganthus scarlatinus flowers at Ghent again,
we shall carefully re-examine it, and then we shall be
able to say whether it should form a second species of
Ronnbergia.

The peculiarly beautiful habit of this Columbian novelty,
together with its curious spots and transvere bands of a
darker hue on the bright green of its leaves, the bracteate
inflorescence and blue flowers striped with white, will ensure
it a great share of favour.

Le E. A.

LIVISTONA HOOGENDORPII.

To the article which we gave at page 108 of the present
volume we may add the following description of Livistona
Hoogendorpii, taken from a specimen about ten years old.
À tall slender tree, trunk marked with scars after the fall
of the petioles, which are triangular at the base and fur-
nished with a dense rufous network, very much dilated and
suddenly narrowed, trigonous and rounded below, furrowed
on both sides of the ribs and somewhat flattened above,
3 to 6 feet long, thin towards the edges, of a reddish brown
at the base passing into olive green and speckled upwards,
lateral Spines in two rows, very stout, recurved, from one
and à half to two inches apart, smaller and closer together
towards the summit, horny, enlarged at the base, stiff and
Yery Sharply pointed, 8 to 12 lines long. Limb sub-orbicular
fan shaped, erect, afterwards spreading, 4 to 6 feet in dia-
meter, with a moderately deep sinus at the base, divided
into 10-12 lobes, each with 5 to 7 plaits, folded at the base,

linear-acute at the apex, of a deep lustrous green, slightly

furfuraceous as well as the summit of the petiole.
* At first sight, L. Hoogendorpii might easily be mistaken
for L. Jenkinsii of Griffith, but in addition to the difference
in habitat, the former in Sara and the latter in Assam ; an
examination revealed the following distinctions in L. Jen-
kinsii : petiole less deeply furrowed, more spreading at the
base, and less abruptly narrowed, spines closer together,
slanting, very sinuous, having a much shorter basal swelling
or tubercle, alternating with another series of much smaller
tubercles; petiole olive green, not reddish, at the base;
limb more completely orbicular with a very acute almost
closed sinus, plaits not collected in phalanges of 5 to 7, .
but all free and spreading, broader and divided about one
third or half through the blade of the adult leaf.

We have not seen either the flowers or the seeds of these
two species, which would probably afford additional diffe-
rential characters, E.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 120

119

PL. CLXXVIII.

CATTLEYA GIGAS, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

GIANT CATTLEYA.
NAT, ORD. ORCHIDACEAE.

: ous English Horticulturist.

DE cuit du fun nr membranacea v. carnosa patentia aequalia, interiora sacpius majora.
Labellum cum gynostemate articulatum cucullatum integrum v. trilobum gynostema Fo CHne clavata elongata semiteres
marginatum. Anthera 4-locularis carnosa, septorum marginibus membranaceis. hote 4 a un genre Herbae Ame-
ricanae tropicae epiphytae pseudobulbiferae, foliis solitariis geminisve coriaceis, floribus {erminalibus magnis speciosis saepe e spatha

enera plantaram 1380. $
RE DR nieni robusti elongati sulcato-compressi; folia oblonga, 20-25 cent. longa, 6 ve lata, obtusa,
carnosa, nitida; florum vagina magna spâthulata, 10 cent. longa, scapus erectus 1-2 florus (et ultra); bractene semi-amplexantes
triangulares acutae pallidae; flores maximi, 20 cent. diametro; sepala subaequalia lineari-lanceolata nos apice decurvata mucro-
nata, 12 cent. longa, 1 cent, lata, pallida lilacina; petala 10-12 cent. longa, 25 millim. lata, ovato-unguiculata er pulchre
lilncina; labellum maximum, 12 cent. longum, superne carinato-infundibuliforme, mox expanso-deflexum, or aut
bilobum, vivide violaceum, marginibus fimbriatis, interne pulcherrime radiato-lineatum, maculis duabus lateralibus lunatis aureis ad

faucem depictis; gynostemiwm lilacinum rostello atroviolaceo.

In Nova-Granata. — Ad vivum descripsi in horto Lindeniano.

Cattleya gigas, Linden et André, Zlustr. hort., 1873, p.

This is a truly gorgeous plant, one of the most beautiful,
if not the most beautiful of the genus. We had the pleasure
of seeing it in flower at M. Linden’s last July, and we must
say, that in spite of all the art exercised by the painter to
reproduce its colours, it is impossible to give an idea of
its magnificence.

It was introduced from New-Granada two years ago by
M. Linden, who sent it out last year.

The pseudobulbs are of luxuriant growth, as indeed is the
whole plant; they are erect, oblong or club-shaped and
furrowed. Leaves from 7 to 10 inches long and 2 to 2 inches
6 linés broad, obtuse at the apex, of a beautiful shining
green. The spathe or sheathing bract that accompanies the
inflorescence is spathulate and about 4 inches long. Flowers
one or two on each scape or sometimes as many as seven or
nine. Bracts atthe base of the peduncle and pedicels cylind-
rical, bifurcate at the summit, half-sheathing, triangular,
-. pale green. The enormous, magnificent flowers often nearly

— Er. A.
70.

eight inches in diameter, have narrow, oblong equal sepals
about four inches long and five to seven lines broad, of a
very delicate lilac colour. The petals are two or three times
as broad, and of about the same length and colour. Label-
lum very large, about four and a half inches long, at first:
keeled above and closed at the base, then suddenly opened
and reversed forming a funnel, recurved backwards, ovate,
subcordate or bilobate at the extremity and fringed on the
margin. Its prevaling hue is a rich brilliant violet, the an-
terior part tinged with lilac and striped with a deeper shade,
which is. gradually lost in faint rays in the interior of the
throat and the paler fringe of the margin. At the entrance
to the white throat, on the turned-up margins, there are
two crescent-shaped, pure yellow regularly formed figures.
The column is short club-shaped , delicat, lilac, like the oval
beak which is of a deep violet in the center.

Not to extend the description, Cattleya gigas is really one
of the most gorgeous Orchids in the world. . À.

THE KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD.

DESTRUCTION OF THE BLACK LOUSE OF THE MELON.

For about fifteen years our early melons and cucumbers
at Chaltrait were more or less injured by the depredations
of the black louse, which it is impossible to eradicate en-
tirely, even by weekly fumigations with tobacco. During the
- Winter of 1872—3 and the spring of 1873 the idea struck
me, and instead of the regular dung hot-bed , I had a layer
of fresh tan about an inch thick spread over the dung, and
the mould placed upon that,

The success of the plan was complete; not a single louse
made its appearance ; which I attribute to the odour of the
tannic acid. ‘This is an easy inexpensive remedy, and 1
recommend others to try its efficacy. Tan may be had
anywhere , and so little is needed for each melon plant, that
the expense is no consideration.

men nl

4

FE

COLE,

JRT

G

He

LC

‘

Lanne Mmaëher

117

Da

ñ

"+

À Linden, pu

sai THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CLXXIX.

TILLANDSIA (VRIESIA) TESSELLATA, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

CHEQUERED TILLANDSIA,
NAT. OKD. BROMELIACEAE.,

ETYMOLOGY : named after Tillands a physician at Abo, in Finland.

GENERIC CHARACTER : vide Lindley, Botanical Register sub. tab. 10, 1843 (Vriesia) et Endlicher Genera Plantarum 1306.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : folia in cyathum regularem conferta, brevia, robusta plana vel subcanaliculata, ad basin late amplexantia,
apice mucronata decurvata, nitida, integerrima, atroviridia in pagina superiore lineis quadratis vel tessellatis in zonas transversales
superne pallidioribus inferne rubroviolaceis subepidermide conspicuis depicta, flores.. Brasilia meridionalis. — 1872.

Vriesea tessellata, Linden et André (loc. praes.).

Tillandsia tessellata, Linden Catal. — Zllustr., hort., 1878, p. 78.

This charming species,already known and favourably recei-
ved at the Exhibitions where M. Linden has sent it, has not yet
flowered with us. When we announced it in the ZZustration
Horticole last year, we expected that it would soon throw
up flower-spikes ; but we have waited all this time in vain.

This species is a native of the province of St. Catherine,
Brasil. It is easily distinguished at the first glance by the

tranverse purple, chequered zones on the short mucronate
leaves. They are pale above and purple on the lower surface,
The regular, vase-like disposition of the leaves of the adult
plant before flowering, its moderate size, and easy culture
in à temperate house, combine to render this handsome
plant one of the best of recent introductions.

E. À.

THE PARK AND PLEASURE GROUNDS.
THE ARAUCARIAS AT BICTON.

Araucaria imbricata has already attained such a deve-

lopment in Great Britain as to entitle it to be considered
as fully naturalized. It fruits regularly and produces fertile
seeds, which is held to be proof of naturalization. The
Gardeners’ Chronicle and other English horticultural jour-
nals have frequently called attteñtion to the fine specimens
at Dunse-Castle, Berwickshire, and Castle Wigg, Wigton-
shire. We have very much admired those at Eaton Hall, the
residence of the Marquis of Westminster, and especially
those at Dropmore, as well as in other places. We have
also stated before that the handsomest specimen existing in
Europe is at M. De Kersauson’s, near Quimper in Brittany,
where it fruits every year.

But the following details by M. Begbie, in the Gardeners’
Chronicte, respecting the Araucarias at Bicton, where there
is à fine avenue of this noble tree, may interest some of our
readers : The conception of an Araucaria avenue appears
to have originated about forty years ago. Since then several
avenues of the same kind of tree have been planted in other

parts of England, and may have attained greater heights.
Those at Bicton, however, have exceeded all others in fertility.

In the Autumn of 1872, from 8 to 10 bushels of good seed

was gathered from 16 trees which showed their cones in 1871.

One tree proved to be monæcious (1) and produced thirty
catkins and twenty-five cones. Seeds from these cones sown
in the spring of 1873 gave birth to over 100 healthy plants.
The seed from the diœcious trees gave about 2000 seedlings
last year.

Araucarias are making real progress in several parts of
the United Kingdom. The largest in Ireland is in Woodstock
Park, Kilkenny ; it measured upwards of 40 feet in height
more than ten years since. There is also a large number
of fine specimens at Castle Martyr, Cork, one of which has
likewise turned out to be monœcious.

They commenced cone bearing in 1867, We are not aware
whether fertile seeds have been matured in Ireland. Where
there are males, even at a considerable distance, the fem-
ales are impregnated without further trouble, as was the
case at Bicton. The pollen may often be seen floating in
the air, and sometimes in such quantity as to be seen at
a distance,

This handsome tree should be planted more freely, as it

is unique in its ornamental effects in temperate countries;

and when tastefully associated with groups of cedars,
pines, etc., a landscape is greatly heightened in beauty.
… EE

() We may here mention that the Araucarias are often moncϾcious,
although most authors have regarded them as diœcious, or rarely
prodncing both.sexes on the same tree. A. ecelsa has furnished
numerous instances of this in Algeria and elsewhere. As soon as the
number of adult trees increases, we shall doubtless have further
proofs of it. One of the first plants of A. #mbricata introduced into
England may be seen in Kew Gardens, dating back to 1796. It is a
female plant, but it is not a handsome specimen. It fruited for the
first time in 1836, and the same season male cones were produced at

Boyton. (Editors.)

resulting from artificial fertilisation with the pollen of
_ P, teunis, reclinata and pumila.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

124

THE VILLA VIGIER, AT NICE.

After passing the Quai des Ponchettes and the old port
of Nice, on the road to Villa Franca, we enter a charming
bay, bathed by the blue waters of the Mediterranean. — At
the extremity of this bay lies the beautiful Villa Vigier,
which few strangers, and especially lovers of plants, fail
to visit when passing through “ Nice the Beautiful. ,

The courtesy of the proprietor was well known to us,
and wé looked over these lovely grounds again with all the
more pleasure from having seen the commencement of the
works, a dozen years ago, when Viscomte Vigier was plant-
ing his gardens and building his house.

Our object to-day is not to describe in detail all the
plants we saw in this delicious spot, but rather to engage
the attention of our readers for a short time while we point
out some of the more noteworthy results obtained in this
happy clime of perpetual Spring.

Our admiration was great on first beholding the luxuri-
ant vegetation which has transformed what was formerly
an arid, sterile spot into a smiling oasis of verdure, where
we are delighted with a succession of agreeable surprises.

Rhododendrons and their allies, generally make but a
sorry appearance in the gardens of the South, where every
care, efficient shelter, and peat earth, obtained at a great
cost, are necessary to ensure anything approaching a satis-
factory result. Nevertheless, we saw some prodigious exam-
ples of different varieties of Rhododendron arboreum at Villa
Vigier, which most certainly belong to the earliest intro-
ductions from Nepal and the Himalayas into Europe. These
grand plants were laden with hundreds of their large

clusters of rich scarlet flowers, just in the height of their

glory; and handsomer specimens we do not remember ever

ing. ;
Azaleas and Camellias flourish equally as well. Immense
plants of the latter were brought hither from Pallanza (Lago
Maggiore) at a great expense, and they have grown most
vigorously, producing every spring a profuse crop of flowers.
Palms may be said to constitute the main attraction of
Viscomte Vigier’s garden. Here may be seen noble speci-
mens that would draw praises from the least enthusiastic
of amateurs, and abundantly testify to what may be effected
by those who try Palm growing in the Mediterranean region.
Ab jove principium. The Prince of Palms, under such
conditions, according our idea, is the Phænix rectinata.
It is represented at Villa Vigier by three superb specimens.

_ To give their size, is an easier task than to describe their

beauty. The largest, planted out ten years ag0, is a female

plant. Its trunk, at the base where the old leaves have

been cut away, is four and a half feet in diameter, or more

than thirteen feet in girth. We made careful measurements,

and can vouch for the accuracy of the figures given. The
spread of its foliage is nearly thirty feet, and when the
stem shall have lengthened out, bearing its plumed crown

aloft, like the common Date Palm, it will form one of the |
most elegant and ornamental of its tribe. Last year, this
_plant bore 10,000 seeds, the greater number of which ger-
minated. This year the produce is estimated at 20,000,

There are two other somewhat smaller plants of the same
species of Phænix in the garden, one male and the other
female, the latter annually giving issue to a numerous
progeny. What struck us most in these majestic trees was
the dense habit their spreading foliage has assumed under
the influence of the Mediterranean sun, resembling more
that of Jubæa spectabilis. Indeed, one no more recognised
the Phœnix reclinata of our winter gardens. Its elegant

| airy foliage and padded, or rather webbed, stem give it

a highly ornamental aspect. Possibly it will retain the
closer, denser habit of the young state, and the numerous
divisions of its enormous pinnate leaves may lengthen yet
more with age. In any case, it is an extremely valuable
acquisition for the Mediterranean climate, and in this respect
very different from many other Palms which have by no
means turned out so well as they promised.

Before leaving this group, we may mention a plant of
P. pumila, five years old and a yard in diameter, with a
spread of foliage nearly twenty-five feet. We strongly suspect
this to be nothing more than a young plant of the preceding,
P. rectinata.

Phoenix leonensis forms extremely handsome tufts here
of the female plant; but it did not mature its seed. The
head gardener, M. Cornélis, conceived the happy idea of
fertilising it with the pollen of P. rectinata, and the result
was fertile fruit, but with this peculiarity that it was double

the size of the normal fruit of P. Zeonensis and almost

exactly like that of P. reclinata. And what is still more
satisfactory, the young plants issuing from this cross shew
a much hardier constitution than those of natural descent.

One of the most beautiful plants in the garden is another
Phoenix which we found labeled Aumitis. It forms a tuft

with numerous leaves of a bright hue, curved downwards

to the ground in the most graceful manner imaginable,
giving it quite a distinct habit. At first, we thought it must
be Fulchironia senegalensis, but on closer examination it
appeared different.

This beautiful plant annually produces fruit borne on
spadices of a splendid golden yellow, almost concealed
amongst the foliage. The fruit is about the size and shape
of a small olive, of a brilliant carmine tinged with orange,
and occurs in thousands, but hitherto no trace of an embryo
has been found in the seeds.

We called M. Cornélis notice to the fact, that M. Durieu,
of Bordeaux, had obtained ovoid instead of reniform seeds
by fertilising a Chamaerops with à Phoenix; and we re-
quested him to reverse the operation by conveying pollen
of à Chamaerops, or even another Phoenix, to his plant

when the flowers are ready to receive it, This specimen 18.

so handsome in its regular symmatrical outline that the
Viscomte calls it his “ Vegetable Firework ..

The Chamaerops group is no less remarkable at Villa
Vigier. It is composed of a considerable number of species
and varieties, the nomenclature of which, however, is open

40 criticism. We frankly confess at once, that we agree with

those who believe that Chamaerops is represented by. a sol-
ltary species only in China and J apan, with the exception,

: perhaps of an extraordinary form of which we shall speak

‘#

125

again presently. We think, and this is the Opinion of many
botanists, that C. excelsa, Fortunei and sinensis are merely
forms of a single species. We have recently had abundant
confirmation of this in the numerous fruiting specimens
which have come under our observation, and which have
gradually lost the distinctions of the young state, and now
bear fruit almost exactly alike.

A verÿ handsome example, named Fortunei, and upwards
of twelve feet in height, crowned with a magnificent head
of foliage is the object this season of a very unusual phe-
nomenon, the entire change of sex. Last year and in pre-
ceding years, it bore only female flowers, which matured
their seed and from which numerous healthy plants were
raised. This season, this very same tree is bearing, at the
present moment, 15 splendid male panicles covered with
thousands of flowers, amongst which we have not been
able to discover « single femate, and that after repeated
searchings. :

To make certain that there was no misunderstanding or
mistake on either side, we questioned both M. Cornélis
and the Viscomte, who repeated their statement; and we
have their combined evidence that there has been an
absolute change of the sexes in one year.

Ch. argentea is just beginning to shew the beauty of its
silvery glistening foliage. Ch. hystrix, which owes its spe-
cific name to the presence of numerous long slender prickles
at the base of the leaves, giving it a porcupine like appear-
ance , exhibits the remarkable peculiarity that each separate
thorn or spine is free and easily detached from the fulvous
sheath in which it is inserted. Unfortunately, its habit
leaves much to be desired, and it is doubtful whether it
will ever develop the elegance of the other species. Cx. tomen-
tosa 1s represented by a strong plant, which likewise begins
to exhibit the marked polymorphous characteristics of its
petioles, especially at their junction with the blade.

Ch. duplicifolia, of which we saw a strong specimen ob-
tained from Belgium, is doubtless the singular form of Ch.
humilis, in which the pinnules are doubled, that we observed
for the first time at one of the International Exhibitions
of Europe, äât Amsterdam, we believe. This plant is more
curious than beautiful, and is not always constant in respect
of this peculiar duplification of the pinnules. A still more
Strange appearance is presented by a form named Ch. elegans
glauca, which, in addition to an elegant habit and the
pretty marine green tint of its foliage, displays a very remark-
able arrangement of the pinnules, the lower ones to the
right of each fan shaped leaf being turned upwards forming

au acute angle with the other part of the leaf, in consequence |

of an imperfect development of the central node from which
they radiate at their junction with the petiole. We never

saw this extraordinary character developed to the same ex-

tent before, Another fine eæcelsa, called vera, 23 feet high,
and a few other scarcely distinguishable varieties, not

. Worth particularising on that account, complete our hasty

notes on this genus at Villa Vigier, with the exception,
however, of the most peculiar of all.

This last and most extraordinary plant is of Japanese
origin, it is said, and was received under the name of
Chamaerops Bino. It differs in every respect from. Ch. eæcelsa.

In habit it is compact, and its fan-shaped , erect leaves are

as hard as zinc, and of a beautiful glaucous green, The

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

126

D mnt

With leaves and form a miniature forest of the most curious
aspect.

As a pendant to this plantation, we have a group of
umbrageous Bamboos, whose lofty leafy reeds overhang a
small pond filed with Water Lilies, Sedges and the curi-
OUS Aponogeton distachyus.

Bambusa müitis, spinosa, nigra and aurea here inter-
mingle, forming a dense, almost impenetrable thicket. B.
Mitis speedily takes possession of the ground , and it is the
handsomest and most vigorous of all. We measured some
of its annual stems, which were over thirty-two feet high,
and nearly fourteen inches in circumference. Stout stakes
are made from their stems, and the slenderer canes of
B. nigra, serve a similar purpose where less strength and
substance are required. Arundinaria falcata, although
growing vigorously, does not form regular large, green
clumps, as at Cherbourg, for instance, in the garden of
M. Herpin of Frémont.

Bambusa variegata, on the other hand, develops its beau-
tiful striped foliage in rich luxuriance. Again, it will not
do to depend upon B. Thouarsii and B. arundinacea, which
May Start strongly, but are liable to be cut to the ground
by late frosts. B. scriptoria, so graceful and distinct in its
branching shrubby habit, throws up strong shoots, but is
apt to become discoloured in the sun. Taken all in all, B.
mitis exceeds, here, all its congeners in vigour, beauty and
hardiness,

Cyperus alternifolius, plunged in the midst of the water
of the basin, does as well as could be wished , not even
losing its annual stem. It is otherwise with €. Papyrus,
whose slender shaft terminating in feathery heads are cut
petioles are armed with curious large, curved, formidable
looking spines, thinly scattered throughout their whole
length, and very much resembling those of Agave grandi-
dentata. Another peculiarity lies in the fruit, which con-
tains à large quantity of dark reddish brown pulp. It ripens
in October and is capital good eating, possessing the fla-
vour of the Fig. Numerous fruits are ripening on this plant
this year, fertilised by pollen from Ch. gracilis,

Several other Palms may be seen at Villa Vigier, as: Brahea
dulcis, very much battered by the sea breeze and injured
by the late spring frosts — a plant we should only recom-
mend for sheltered places. Seaforthia elegans, a ‘beautiful
specimen, which is open to the same objections; it is
planted near the house where it is too much exposed to
the influence of the winds ; Corypha australis, a fine vigo-
rous species, which we observed with regret was cut by
frost at the points of the young leaves in places, from
Hyères to Genoa, but which nevertheless is beginning to
form some fine specimens. The plateau upon which the
Villa is built being destitute of large trees, the proprietor
recently purchased a number of large Date Palms at Bor-
dighera, on the Italian coast, and transported them at a
great cost to his garden, many of them weighing upwards
of two tons each. These trees have sueceeded admirably,
and are flourishing, the soil having been prepared for
them to a great depth. The greater part of them are from
45 to 50 feet in height. To form an undergrowth in this
Palm grove, a large number of plants of Cordyline indivisa
have been introduced, and their vigorous growth is du
thing astonishing. They are clothed to ve Po

x

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. je

127

— —

off, and it throws up afresh every year. À curious DE con-
nected with this is, that the rhizome freezes In the water,

À : ound the basin |
whilst the creeping portions on the 0. | they will withstand the winds, poor soils and grow in unfa-

suffer no inconvenience from the low temperature. In C. |

alternifoiius the action is reversed. fÉ
We spoke, just now, of a forest of Coräytine indivisa.
We may here appropriately mention the magnificent single
specimens of this species and its varieties, such as C. Zineata
'eitehii and calocoma. Here is the most splendid C. tineata
we ever saw, which every season bears a profusion of its
ample panicles of flowers and ripens its seed. Last year it
brought no fewer than 80,000 to maturity. The plant in
question is divided nearly to the base in four large branches,
the whole forming a compact clump upwards of fifteen feet
high.
. Another splendid specimen, this time of the Araliaceous
family, rises from behind the main building. It is the
Oreopanaæ dactylifolia , introduced from Mexico by M.
Linden. Here it becomes a veritable tree with a trunk, which

- was at first bark bound, but after being gashed longitudi-

ally, it recovered and now supports a large dense head
covered with handsome palmate leaves. We thought at first
it was a variety, differing from the type in the broader
lobes and shallower sinuses of its leaves; but this is prob-
ably due to cultivation.

All the variegated varieties of Phormium are here: Ph.
tenaæ, Colensui, purpurea, etc. But the large leaved variety
Of tenaæ, the handsomest and most vigorous of the varie-
gated set, forms an unrivalled specimen, bearing more than
600 leaves, and just now putting forth seven flower spikes,
which, we are informed, grow to a height of 15-17 feet.
This plant has already furnished seed, which reproduced
the type, a few only exhibiting variegation. Probably these
seedlings will become partially variegated with age.

The Araucarias here include three or four species, which

_ grow well or indifferently, according to the amount of shelter

given them. A. Brasiliensis and gracilis are frequently
damaged by the sea-water and gales of wind. A little known
remedy is employed at the Villa for restoring sickly trees,
suffering from undue moisture at the roots. It consists in
planting a circle of some gross feeding plant around the
base of their trunks, which serve to pump up the super-
fluous water and drain the roots. Treated in this manner,

à c ias have regained their verdure in one year, or two,
at the most. The most valuable plant for this purpose is
Salvia gesneriaefolia, an extremely common species in this
region.

The Australian group of Acacias have found a second
home in the Mediterranean countries. Wholly exposed or

under the shelter of large Eucalyptus giobutus, which is

planted everywhere here, these elegant trees attain a large
size, forming large clumps, covered with yellow flowers in
early spring. The following are considered as the best for

this part of the country : Acacia longissima, grandis, bio-
phylla and varieties, Zinifolia and varieties, suaveolens,
trinervis, cultriformis, Hugeli and verticillata, inasmuch as

vourable situations.

It is pretty well known what à large size the Agaves
attain in the South. Intermixed with the Cordylines men-
tioned above, there is à fine collection of these plants at
Villa Vigier. The most beautiful and the strongest are:
Agave dealbata, Solmiana, univittata, robusta, picta, fili-
fera major, applanata, feroæ (an enormous specimen), etc,

Examples of Grevillea robusta, thirty feet; clumps of
Mahonia Nepalensis, ten feet; Dammara Brownii, twelve
feet; Yucca canaticutata, ten feet; Y. draconis, twelve feet;
Dasytirion gracile, splendid, six feet in diameter ; numerous
gigantic specimens of Rhododendron arboreum, from Lago
Maggiore, covered with immense clusters of brilliant flowers ;
an enormous clump of Metrosideros candelabrum, Grevillea
fleœuosa, Myoporum pictum, and all the long list of flowering
shrubs and trees comparatively unknown farther North fur-
nished us with material for many hours of pleasure and
instruction.

The walls were covered with Banksian Roses, Bignonia
capreolata, Tacsonia ignea and Van-Volxemi, Plumbago
scandens, Buddlea Madagascariensis, Pelargonium capita-
tum, Bougainvillea spectabilis and splendens, various Roses
and all sorts of charming climbers, covering their supports
with a tapestry of flowers.

There is a blank side to every picture. Here we must
seek no green turf during the summer, for no amount of
watering will preserve its verdure. After numerous trials,
a method has been discovered by which green lawns may
be had in Winter, the only season when this mild climate
is enjoyable. By the beginning of the month of June when
the residents leave, they are nothing but scorched and dried
up hillocks and tufts. They are left in this state till Septem-
ber, and then sown with hardy grasses, which remain short
and green during the Winter, and form a beautiful turf.

If the foregoing description should induce any of our
readers to form an establishment in the South where they
could spend the Winter season, the taste for which is now
beginning to spread, they will find many other gardens
after the same style as that of Villa Vigier, offering many
and varied attractions for the plant lover. For example, the
gardens of M. Thuret, at Antibes, of M. Mazel, Gulf of
Genoä and of M. Denis, Hyères. Elegant residences are
Springing up in all directions in this delightfu] country,
where an easy, healthy existence is insured by a mild
climate and cloudless sky. Here are numerous places where
land is to be had, and everything combines to attract the
inhabitants of the north to this region of continuons spring.

E. A.

2

—————

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

September, 1874.

— PROTECTION OF VINES FROM FRosT. — Mr. C. Baltet
has recently described à new method of preventing vines
from freezing, devised by Mr. Rousseau, of Estissac, Aube.
The procedure is no other than burying the canes after
pruning throughout their whole length, with the exception
of the two uppermost buds, and leaving them so until the
frosts are over. This may be very well and interesting as
an experiment, but we have serious doubts whether re-
maining so long under ground would not cause the swollen
sappy buds to perish; and would the young shoots thus
kept back carry their fruit satisfactorily ? It is only by trying
it on a large scale that this question can be answered, a
garden experiment is insuffcient.

We must admit that we prefer the following idea, com-
municated to us by the celebrated pomologist, Mr. Mas. It
consists in making à vertical hole at the foot of each vine
with an iron bar, enlarging it by working the bar about and
coiling the whole cane within it. In this position the cireu-
lation of the air around the buds is ensured, and the warmth
of the soil is suflicient to preserve them from frost. The
young shoots may even start a little before the canes are
withdrawn, but they will quickly acquire the proper direction
after being taken out.

— ExTRAORDINARY BUNCHES OF GRAPES. — At the grand
Flower and Fruit show held at Belfast in connection with
the meeting of the British Association, the largest bunch
of grapes ever recorded as having been grown in the United
Kingdom was exhibited by Mr. Hunter, gardener to the
Earl of Durham, at Lambton Castle. This monster bunch
weighed no less than twenty-one pounds twelve ounces ! It

was of the Black Hamburgh or Frankenthal variety. Nothing :

approaching the weight in black grapes was ever previously
shown. Last year Mr. Hunter exhibited two very large
bunches of the same variety at Manchester, one weighing
nine pounds eight ounces, and the other thirteen pounds
two ounces. :
— INSECT-DESTROYERS OF CUCURBITACEAE. — Two insects
have devastated the Pumpkin and Vegetable Marrow culture
this season in the United States, from Albany to New-York.
One is a Gateruca, the specific name of which could not be
determined by Mr. Boisduval, who has examined the insect.
This insect devours the young plantlet immediately after
germination ; but if they are so fortunate as to escape the
first enemy another equally insatiable awaits them in the
form of the Æpinachna voreatis, closely allied to the species
which attacks the native Red Bryony. No means of destroying

_ these SCourges have as yet been discovered.

— Ravaces or Texrarenos. — It is not so with the
insect popularly known as the Pear-tree leech, Tenthredo
@thiops, which has effected such havoc in many French
nurseries this year, both in Paris and its neighbourhood
and also in Touraine. We ourselves have seen the destruc-

tion it has caused amongst the pear trees in Mr. Defains

Dursery, at Amboise, It may be observed in the larva state,

when it resembles a small leech. It is black at first, even-
tually red, and feeds upon the cellular tissue of the leaves
before it becomes transformed into a hymenopterous four-
winged insect.

It is easily destroyed by sprinkling the leaves with slaked
pulverised lime.

— Iuporraxr Exnrerrions nv ENGrAnD IN 1875, — The
Royal Botanic Society of London has already issued a pro-
gramme of arrangements for the Flower and Frnit shows

_t0 be held in Regent's Park Botanic Gardens in 1875. It

runs as follows : Exhibitions of Spring Flowers, Wednes-
days, March 31, and April 25; Summer Exhibitions of Plants.
Wednesdays, May 26, and June 16; Exhibition of Fruit
and Cut Flowers, Wednesday June 30: Evening Fête, Wed-
nesday, July 14. — The Preston Floral Society offers some
very liberal prizes to amateurs for twelve Stove and Green-
house Plants to be grown on from G-inch pots similar to
the “ Davis Competition , of the Royal Horticultural Society.
The competition to take place in August, 1876, and all
entries to be effected before November 30, 1874. Firët Prize
£ 25, and Gold Medal, value £ 17-17 s.; second, £ 15, and
Silver Medal; third, £ 10 and Bronze Medal ; fourth £ 5.

— M LiCATENSTEIN AND THE PHYLLOxERA, — Whilst
experiments are still being tried for the destruction of this
formidable insect, and the Academy of Sciences is over-
whelmed with communications relating to the subject from
investigators who, impelled onwards by the dazzling bait of
a reward of £ 12,000, are vainly puzzling their brains to
find the remedy desired, Mr. Lichtenstein has made a
new discovery. In a thicket of Evergreen Oak Quereus ex,
he found niyriads of Phylloxera in copulation, a cireumstance
not previously observed. He wastes no time in making known
his good fortune through the medium of the agricultural
and viticultural organs, declaring that nothing would be
easier than to destroy this terrible beetle by taking advan-
tage of these social meetings designed by nature to ensi
their multiplication. But a learned fellow-investigator,
Balbiani, discovers in his turn that the insect seen by Mr.

D e

_ Lichtenstein is not the PAyloæera vastatriæ, but a new spe-

cies of the same genus, which he names after its discoverer.
— À REMARKABLE BEECH TREE. — In a recent number
of our contemporary, the Gardeners’ Chronicle, there is an
illustration of a magnificent large Beech tree, growing in
the grounds of the Marquis of Lothian, at Newbattle Abbey,
near Edinburgh. It is believed to be one of the finest in
Europe, and is indeed a remarkably noble specimen. Its
height is 100 feet, and the circumference of its branches
is 120 yards. The circumference of its massive bole at a foot
from the ground is 33 feet, and at eight feet from the
ground it measures 27 feet. The lower branches arch over
until they reach the ground, when many of them assume
an upright growth. Its principal limbs are straight and
clean growths of immense proportions. The exact age of
this grand tree is unknown. ae

L

131

THE RP HORTIC OLE. 132

— Conorsss or Rose GRowers. — This | body held its
session at Lyons this season, in the midst of that country
of beautiful roses and celebrated raisers. The names of
Guillot, Lacharme, Schwartz, Ducher and others, are famous
amongst rose growers. We experienced great pleasure in
our intercourse with the members of this society, and though
we did not assist in their labours, we could talk of the
grand triumphs already achieved, and speculate on the fu-
ture. Under the presidency of M' Leon de S' Jean, a young
amateur full of zeal for the good cause of Horticulture,
these gentlemen examined the new seedlings of this season,
and continued their valuable labours. We wish every success
to this meritorious and growing association.

— Serena or WezuwG@rTonra. — The first seeds of this
tree ripened in Europe have germinated this year with a
M: Thil, in the neighbourhood of Epernon. They were self-
fertilised, and were allowed to fall around the tree where
they sprang up unassisted. The leaves in the Young plants
were verticillate and not alternate as in the adult.

— (GRASSES FOR TURF IN THE SHADE. — The formation
of turf or a carpeting under the shade of trees is a point
demanding the most careful forethought on the part of
designers and planters of ornamental gardens. In the south
of Europe, Convallaria japonica is available ; and elsewhere
Hypericum calycinum and Poa nemoraltis are recommended.
We ourselves have suggested Careæ divulsa, but this plant
cannot be procured in the trade.

In an article in the Gartenflora Mr. Jæger gives the
results of his trials in this direction. Poa nemoratis, he
says, grows in unequal tufts, and the leaves of Brachypo-
dium sylvatieum are too scanty, and it does not flourish
- except in à moist soil. Therefore he proposes, amongst the

fine-leaved grasses : Aira fleæuosa, Festuca ovina, glauca,
duriuscula and rubra, especially the two last, because they
succeed well even in Pine woods. Amongst grasses with
broader foliage, Metica nutans, Arrhenatherum elatius and
Poa sudetica succeed tolerably well, particularly if a little
of Luzula albida is added.

These suggestions are very well so far, but one cannot
easily purchase many of the plants mentioned, hence the
advice however good will remain unavaiïlable.

_ Disease or ORANGE TREES IN ÂLGERIA. — À real
plague is now devastating the Orange trees of Blidah, Alge-
ria. In addition to the Kermes and a large hymenopterous
insect the growers have hitherto had to contend against,
a disease has within the last two years been rapidly invad-
ing the plantations. It attacks the roots and causes them
to perish in a fortnight. They change black and become
rotten and peel, and all around the soil decomposes. Two
kinds of vermin have been found on the diseased roots, a

-myriapod and an undetermined black insect. The only remedy

hitherto employed with any degree of success is laying the
roots bare and applying from twenty to thirty pounds of
dust coal or powdered charcoal to each tree.

— CHRYSANTHEMUMS OF THE TEMPLE GARDENS. — These
attractive Autumn flowers have long formed an established
institution of the Temple Gardens in London, and this season
the display is again very fine. The weather has been emin-
ently favourable for the development of Chrysanthemums
out-of-doors this Autumn and in many places they are very
good. À few pages forward we give a brief summary of the
Royal Horticultural Societys Chrysanthemum and Fruit

how. ù
E. A. & W. B. H.

CANNA MADAME CHRÉTIEN.

À plant of medium size and upright habit, like the hybrid
Of C. glauca; leaves broad erect, acutely acuminate, glau-
cescent green; panicles large, supported on triquetrous,
winged, green peduncles; flowers bright orange yellow; pe-
tals clawed, large, emarginate at the top with a long mucro

in the sinus, furnishing a striking character of this variety.

À very free flowering plant, raised from seed by Mr
Crozy, nurseryman at Lyons, and destined to occupy a pro-
minent place amongst the ornamental plants of this genus
for summer bedding or forcing. J. NœrTzuir.

ALOCASIA HYBRIDA GAULAINII.

Numerous hybrid or cross varieties, the issue of AZocasia
metallica and Lowi are already known. A. Veitchi still
ranks among the best, unless the numerous seedlings we
saw growing at Messrs. Veitch’s under the care of M" Seden
have since produced something more striking.

But none of the varieties we have seen approach in vigour
and nobleness of aspect that raised from seed by Mr Gaulain,
foreman of the houses at la Tête d'Or, Lyons, and bearing
his name. At the present there is only one plant of it in
existence, which, moreover, was rather badly injured by
the dreadful Dalstomni that broke over Lyons in June last,
and shattered glass to the value of £ 560 in the municipal

gardens. Let us hope that this beautiful plant, of which

we give a description below, may yet survive to be pro-
pagated and dispersed as it deserves.

À very vigorous, semi-caulescent plant, dark olive green
in the upper part of the stem , as well as the stout petioles ,
which support a heart-shaped peltate mucronate blade with
a deep basilar sinus ; upper surface of the leaf of a deep
green with the prominent nerves and veins bounded by silvery
bands, lower surface deep bright violet, with equally prom-
ment, nearly black nerves. Growth excellent, habit elegant,
and altogether a fine acquisition.

E. À.

1}; 1} l
D #
L'ehnema her 14 À #
"A 7
& TA 4 1
+ F6 de. LR

À Linden, publ

.. THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

"A 154 Li

PL. CLXXX.

MASDEVALLIA TROCHILUS, LINDEN & ANDRÉ

NAT. ORD, ORCHID EAE.,

ETYMOLOGY : This genus was dedicated by Ruiz and Pavon, au
physician to the King of Spain and an enlightened promoter of botany
GENERIC CHARACTER : Calycis foliola (sepala) patula, exteriora
ecalcaratum, ungue foliolis exterioribus adnatum ; gynostemium

thors of the Flora Peruviana, to D' José de Masdevalle,
usque ad medium connata, labellum unguiculatum
apterum; anthera terminalis operculata ; pollinis massae duae ,

cereaceae. Plantae parasiticae, acaules. Scapi uniflori. (Ruiz et Pavon, Flora Peruviana.)

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : Vaginae basilares scariosae scissae, folia Masdevalliae
20 cent. longa, 4 cent. lata, obtusa, apice emarginata mucronata decurva, trinervia, in
2 breves amplexantes truncato-acutae ; scapus erectus, 0,30-0,40 longus, teres, pedunc
brevis; sepala 2 inferiora conjugata postice sacciformia brunneo-violacea punctata in caudicula filiformi 4
attenuata, superius erectus 6-7 cent. longus luteus lineari-acutus, petala Jynostemiumque haud vidi..
Masdevallia trochilus, Lind. et And. in Lind. Catal.

This curious species was sent to Mr. Linden from New-
Grenada in 1872 by Mr Roezl, who forwarded living plants
of it collected in the elevated regions of the Cordillera of
the Andes. According to this traveller the gigantic flowers
of this peculiar species are shot with a blueish metallic
lustre like the plumage of some of the humming-bird tribe ;
hence the specific name. This colouring has procured it the
appellation of Colibri from the inhabitants of the southern
part of the State of Antioquia, à word having the same
signification.

Naturally, Mr. Linden awaited its flowering with great
impatience. At length this pardonable curiosity was grati-

CASUARINA

This beautiful tree was named and described by Junghubhn
(Tijds. voor natuur.gesch. XI, 113),and aftérwards published
by De Vriese and Miquel. It is à native of Sumatra, where
the aborigines call it Andar Mangan. It has à vast, almost
spherical, shady crown, and rounded , jointed branches, with
very slender, deeply furrowed, sharply four-angled branch-
lets. The ribbed sheathes of the branchlets are four-toothed
at the summit, with scarious scale-like teeth. The fruits
are borne at the extremities of the branchlets, and the scales

Lindeni subsimilia, crassa, lineari-obovata,
petiolum canaliculatum ‘attenuata, bracteae
ulus elongatus uniflorus ; perianthii tubus
-ÿ cent. longa lutea abrupte
+ Nova-Granata, Roezl, 1872, E. A.

1873, et Garden. Chron. 1873, p. 711.

fied, and if we had not the azure flowers announced with
so much noise, we were nevertheless feasted with one of
the most singular species of this genus, so rich in extraor-
dinary flowers. We saw the plant in bud, and partially
described it: but when the artist painted the expanded
flowers they quickly withered and we were obliged to com-
plete our description from the Water-colour painting of
Mr. Pannemaeker. We must finish our account of it the
next time it flowers.

This species is still very rare; Mr, Linden possessing a
few specimens only, which very fortunately are in perfect
health. Fais

SUMATRANA. |

of the strobile or cone.are furnished with a recurved beak.

This is an exceedingly elegant plant for the conservatory,
and it bears fruit while still quite young, as we have
recently seen in the specimen exhibited by Mr. Comte at
Lyons. It is usually kept in a stove. If we had more complete
information respecting its exact habitat in Sumatra, whether
at a great altitude or not, we should be able to judge whether
its would succeed in a simple greenhouse.

J. Vraror.

HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS AT LYONS.

It will interest our English readers to become acquainted
with the principal novelties shown at Lyons, especially in
the way of new roses. M° Guillot junior staged two new

. varieties :

Marie Guillot, a splendid white Tea Rose, slightly tinged

D mith jellow. of fino shape and good häbit.

Aline Sisley, Tea, deep rose, of a deeper hue in the centre
and brighter towards the margin of the petals, unique in
colour amongst Teas (M' Sisley’s description).

M° Hoste, of Vaise-Lyon, presented some excellent seed-
ling Dahlias, amongst them :

Ma petite fille, large white flower, tipped with lilac.

Béatrix, yellow bordered with scarlet.

A. Monti, yellow bordered with scarlet.

Polly Perkins, chamois colour tipped with white and pink.

William Pringte Laira, splendid lilac.

François Wiot, very dark red.

Augustine Rougier, lilac-pink and white.

M° Boucharlat exhibited some fine new Zonate Pelargo-
niums. Mr Comte had à magnificent lot of stove and green-
house plants including a large number of M Linden’s in-
troductions. We greatly admired a specimen of Caswarina
sumatrana in fruit, and the tuberous-rooted Begonias of M°
Gaulain, note son which will be found a few pages back.

Among seedling roses exhibited by M° Schwartz deserving
of notice we may mention that labelled N° 2, a beautiful
delicate pink variety of satiny texture, raised from Victor
Verdier. It is a variety of good habit, aud will be sent out
in 1875.

The largest and finest Hybrid Perpetual Roses in Mr.

Schwartz’s collection of 190 varieties, which took the first

prize, were : André Dunand, bright pink, Madame Georges
Schwartz, Président Thiers, Marie Van Houtte, Baronne
Rothschita, Xavier Olibo, Maréchal Niel, Paut Neyron, etc.

E. À,

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

136

PL. CLXXXI.

DRACAENA (coRDYLINE) CASANOVAE, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

NAT. ORD. ASPARAGACEAE.

* For the ETYMOLOGY : See Zlustr. hort., pl CLXIIT.
ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC

CHARACTER : Voir Æustr. hort., 1860, t. VII, pl. 264.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : robusta: folia congesta petiolo stricto 10 cent. longo, basi nigro-purpurascente striato, mar-
ginibus convolutis scarlatinis, lamina utrinque acuminata brevi elliptica breviter mucronata viridi olivacea subepidermide violas-
cente, marginibus roseo-scarlatinis praesertim ad basim laminae. — In insulis Nov. Hebr. Oceani australis, 1872. E. A.

Dracaena (Cordyline) Casanovae, Linden et André, sp. nov.

We saw this handsome plant for the first time at Florence
in the month of June of the present year. It was included

in the collection of Dracaenas with which Mr. Linden gained |

the first prize in an exceedingly keen competition.

This species is dedicated to the Marquis della Valle di
Casanova, one of the most distinguished of Italian amateurs,
and a member of the jury at the International Exhibition
of Florence.

The plant is of compact habit with the leaves clustered at
the top of the stem. Leaves purple-brown at the base and
striped, rolled back and fiery red at the margin, about four
inches long and borne upon stout petioles. The short, ellip-
tical blade is suddenly narrowed at both ends, shortly muc-
ronate, of a uniform olive green, suffused with violet beneath
the cuticle and bordered with scarlet, especially towards
its base. This species has not yet developed its full beauty,
the plants introduced from the New-Hebrides being still

SEVENTEENTH SESSION OF THE

The meeting of this body took place at Angers this year.
The sittings were held under the presidency of M' Mas, the
learned editor of the Verger, and lasted from Sept. 28, till
Oct. 3. A large number of French and foreign pomologists
took part in the proceedings. Among other celebrities, we
had the pleasure of meeting Messrs. deMortillet, Baltet, Wil-
lermoz, O. Thomas, Luizet, Pynaert and Burvenich of Ghent,
and numerous other distinguished persons. The assemblage
was a very hearty one, and we have much, pleasure in
believing that its labours till be valuable to pomological
science. a. :

_ An exhibition specially devoted to fruits was organised by
the Horticultural Society of Angers during the stay of the
pomologists. The municipal authorities assisted at the ope-
ning ceremony of the show, which was held in an elegant
tent erected between the public garden and the Mall. We
viewed the splendid collection of fruits, and noted the

following awards: the finest lot of pears, comprising 175 well-

named varieties , belonged to the Horticultural and Botanical

in a young state. As they become older they will doubtless
produce larger and more brilliantly coloured foliage.

Dracaenas are rapidly gaining in favour, and deservedly
so. In fact, no other class of plants can dispute their pre-
eminence from an ornamental point of view, and in regard
to easy culture. They are peculiarly adapted for in-door embel-
lishment, not being so impatient of changes of temperature
and other -unfavorable conditions. In the brightness of the
colouring of their foliage, again, they are surpassed by
very few things. What a magnificent variety the various
forms present ! and what à grand scale of contrasts we have,
beginning with the old D. ferrea and terminatis and finish-
ing with the splendid recent introductions from the Pacific
Islands, D. gloriosa and Real !

Their success is by no means on the wane, and D. Casa-
novae will take a place in the first rank of ornamental plants.

FRENCH POMOLOGICAL CONGRESS.

Society of Limoges, and carried of the diploma of honour.
Then came M Maurice Desportes, of Angers, for a collec-
tion of various fruits; M' Guinoiseau, for a large collection
of fine pears; Messrs. Gelineau and L. Leroy for superb
grapes; Messrs. Baltet of Troyes for à collection of 31 rare
pears, etc. Finally, the grand contributions presented by
the Society. Altogether, if not remarkable for quantity, the
exhibition was excellent in choice and quality; and the
capital: organisation and artistic arrangements were deser-
ving of all praise.

Nevertheless, we may be permitted to add that the absurd
and interminable names given to pears by Mr Sannier, a
raiser of Rouen, drew something even more expressive than
a smile from us. Read the names, Pear Souvenir de la rue
Mare-au-trou, and Pear Souvenir du vénérable abbé de la
Salle, and who would not laugh at the expense of the
donor? Possibly some of the sallies may have reached the
ears Of M' Sannier. We hope so, and also that he will profit
by them in future. En.

2 Li LuusTRaTIoN À ORTICOLE.>

La

Hi),
J Pannemaeker 7
». td, 1h dé: ,
(ar (Æ attire) {ra
À Cinden , pubi

47
= 3 +
FR.
M: CSS N pie
# D nd ; a à 2 se: ss

Pepannemaeker, ai nat pinx 1x Horre Lind
* ” UFEC AGTU

J Linden, put

L

. x THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

| PL. CLXXXII.
CYPRIPEDIUM SCHLIMIT, VAR. ALBIFLORUM, LINDEN.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : xûTpu, doc, Gyprs; à Énprsu of Venus, and rédioy a kind of shoe, in allusion to the shape of the labellum,

GENERIC CHARACTER : Perigonii patentis foliola exteriora lateralia uni v. plurinervia, labello subopposita, libera v
D | quinquenerve ; interiora augustiora. Labellum maximum , infatum stoléius Céhsis
brevis, cernua, apice trifida, lobis lateralibus subtus antheriferis, intermedio sterili, petaloideo-dilatato. pe FE La Papeete
subbivalves. Pollen pulticeo granulosum. Sfigma deltoïideum, columnae faciem infra antheras occupans. — Herbae in hemisphosres
Lorealis calidis temperatis et frigidiusculis obviae ; radicibus fibrosis , caulibus foliosis, floribus magnis, speciosis. (Endlicher Ge-
nera Plantarum, 1618.) *

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : Afinis Cypripedio Lindleyano, Schomb.; petala ovato-obtusa ; staminodium ovato-panduratum
apieulatum, stigmatis labium superius triangulum, inferius retusum lobatum. Nova-Granata (ex Reichb. Xenia, i, 125, tab. 44).

Cypripedium Schlimii, var albiflorum, Lind, in litt.

Selenepidium Schlimii, Reichb. f. Bonplandia, ü, 277; Pescatorea, 1855; Flore des Serres, XNIII, 158.

CHARACTER OF THE VARIETY. — Flowers white, including | abundant white flowers , its possesses the advantage of being
the labellum. This charming variety with very narrow deep | easily cultivated, and will succeed in the cool house recom-
green leaves and almost entirely white flowers comes from | mended for the Odontoglots from the same region.
the western Cordillera of Colombia, whilst the typical This variety is exceedingly scarce, and only a very few
variety has not been found beyond the river Magdalena. In | specimens could be sent over.

_ addition to the attractions offered by this pretty plant in îts E. A.

THE KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD.
MELONS.

Dr. Cenas of Meyzieux, Isère, cultivates a numerous col- | Moscatello panathé, fruit round, medium sized, netted,
lection of Melons. Thirty-eight of his best varieties were skin white dotted with black, rind thin ; a good and prolific
recently exhibited at Lyons. The judges had ample time to | variety.

examine and taste them. The following sorts are those which To the foregoing varieties we may add the following

appeared to us to be the most worthy. of attention, either selected from other collections at Lyons.

for their beauty or superior flavour. Cantaloup noir de Java, exceedingly large rugose fruit,
D'Esclavonie, fruit large, rind white, flesh white, delicious. of capital quality.
Noir de l'Inde, resembling a water-melon, skin black, Orangine de T'Hérauit, fruit spherical, with a smooth
flesh red, perfect. yellow skin ; excellent.
De Caprera, fruit large oblong, netted green and yellow, De Siam, fruit medium depressed, netted, golden yellow.
rind thin, quality excellent. The preceding notes may be serviceable to lovers of choice
De Chypre, fruit medium, oblong, rind white, thin, first- | melons. Seeds of the varieties enumerated may he had of
rate quality. Mr. L. Lille, seedsman , Lyons, who grows a large collection

De Skilman veiné, large, oblong, netted fruit, skin deep | of Melons himself.

green, flesh red, excellent. E. A.

NEW FRUITS-
PEAR ABBÉ PÉTEL.

Fruit large or very large, shape of the calebasse, six This handsome fruit was raised from “ | ré vel
inches or more long, about three in diameter, curved up- nurseryman , Lyons, and Mr. Liabaud wi tre à Re
wards ; stalk stout, variable in length, often thick and Nov. 1, 1874. Fine specimens of it were exhibited à

fleshy ; skin bright citron yellow, dotted with gray, freely Jast exhibition of the Horticultural Association of Lyons.
russetted at the top and slightly tinged with pink; flesh P. Ercrav.
melting , delicate, perfumed ; ripe in October or November.

OR ET

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

140

FLORICULTURE.
NEW TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.

Since the introduction of the tuberous-rooted Begonias
of Peru and Bolivia by way of England, raisers have had a
fine harvest of new varieties or hybrids of the most asto-
nishing diversity, varieties at once the delight of gardeners
and the plague of botanists. Their parentage is so inextric-
ably confused , that it is no longer possible to disentangle
it. Already, horticulturally speaking , the tribe is exhausted.
Everybody may sow and obtain handsome varieties. The
only thing left to do is to sell amateurs the seed in mixtures,
which will give all sorts of pretty things that will never be
either named or described.

Nevertheless, the most striking varieties will still be se-
lected and preserved. It is our intention now to enumerate a
selection made by Mr. Gaulain, head-gardener of the in-door
department of the municipal gardens of Tête d'Or, Lyons,
from a vast number of seedlings, and to which he has given
the following names :

1. Jules Chrétien, a much-branched plant, petioles red
rather long, pedicels short, leaves undulated, toothed , frin-
ged with pinkhairs, floral bracts and ovaries deep red, corolla
large consisting of four heart-shaped elongated petals, of a
beautiful cerise vermilion, staminal column oblong, large.

2, Madame Gaulain, an almost stemless, medium sized
plant, with shortly petiolate crenulate slightly ciliate leaves;
peduncles erect, long, red towards the top; pedicels short ;
bracts orbicular, ciliate; flowers large, regular, consisting
of 4 or 5 roundish salmon-pink petals ; staminal column
almost spherical.

3. M. Chevrier, a magnificent almost stemless plant of

vigorous habit, with green stems and petioles, furnished
with long soft white haiïrs ; leaves green, dentate-ciliate
nerves white, petioles long, erect red near the top ; bracts
large, somewhat heart-shaped, keeled ; pedicels stout red ;
ovary green ; corolla very large, more than three inches in
diameter, consisting of 4 petals, the two outer suborbicular,
the two inner oblong-spathulate, of a bright vermilion red ;
staminal column nearly spherical.

4. Secrétaire Rohner, plant somewhat branching ; leaves
small, narrow, dentate; flowers numerous, of medium size
and of a deep magenta colour.

5. Léon de St. Jean, à branching very floriferous variety
with small toothed leaves and semi double, rather ragged
flowers , of a beautiful bright cérise.

6. Madame Almelet, a plant with long, green leaves and
somewhat shrubby in habit, with small delicate pink flowers.

The foregoing six varieties are all extremely pretty, and
might have found numerous companions in the splendid lot
grown by Mr. Gaulain, but, as we said before, nearly all
are good that are raised from mixed seed.

Duplification in the flower of tuberous-rooted Begonies,
if not absolutely a new fact, was observed for the first time
at Lyons, and has recently been repeated at Mr. Lemoine’s ‘
Nancy. The plant named by Mr. Gaulain in honour of
Mr. Léon de St. Jean exhibits a decided tendency in this
direction.

We understand that this variety has already furnished
some noteworthy results at Nancy, to which we shall allude
again very shortly.

DELCE PLUMES

The recent introduction of some new Japanese varieties
of Date Plum has given a new interest to the genus Diospyros
not to be passed over.

The notes which follow are the results of actual observa-
tion and may therefore be worth putting on record in passing.

In the first place, we will say a few words respecting the
state of the question both horticulturally and botanically.

Until within the last few years there were only three
species and a few varieties of Diospyros cultivated out-of-
doors in European gardens. The commonest, D. Zotus from
the Caucasus, also called the Italian Date Plum, asitis found
in à half wild condition in the Italian peninsula, where it
is known by its pleasing habit and yellow fruit, about the
_ size of à cherry, upon which the thrushes and blackbirds
feast in the Autumn.

Another species is D. virginiana, the Virginian Date Plum
or Persimmon as it is called in America, a much larger
plant in all its parts. It has handsome shining foliage, and
its round, orange-yellow fruit is as large as a Green Gage
Plum, and edible, though not particularly tasty. The rem-
aining presuméd species found in nurseries are in our
_ Opinion simply varieties of this.

- In 1789, à third species was introduced from J apan, differ-
ing entirely from the two preceding and known in Japan

as a fruit tree, under the name of Kaki. (D. Kaki.) This tree
will only succeed in the orange region, where it bears a
roundish fruit as large as a small apricot, yellow and sug-
ary when ripe, and known under the name of Figues caques.
It is now rather widely dispersed in the south of France.
We saw à fine specimen of it in Italy in the botanic garden
at Pisa, and Prof. Caruel, the Director, kindly gave us some
of its fruit, which has something the taste of a thoroughly
ripe medlar, but it is more sugary.

Things remained thus until about the year 1859, when
the Paris Museum of Natural History received a consign-
ment from Mr. E. Simon in China, which contained a new

shewed fruit in 1869. At first Mr. Carrière thought he had
the true D. Kaki, but soon discovered his error and de-
scribed the new plant as D. costata. Afterwards he attempted
to show that the Supposed D. Kaki cultivated in the South
was really a Nepalese species, which he proposed to call D.
Rocburghé. In reply to this, Mr. Decaisne declared the
plant named costata by Carrière to be no other than the D.
Schi-tse of Bunge.

The new tree was propagated and dispersed under the
ss et Costata. We possess à fine specimen of it at
Lacroix in Touraine, where it grows vigorously. Its large

‘141

shining leaves resembling those of Magnotia Soulangeana,
and its luxuriant habit render it highly Ornamental ; and
its handsome orange fruit, as large as a peach, ripening
towards the end of Autumn, give it rank as à valuable
fruit-tree. |

There are, then, four well marked species of Date Plum,
which we possess in Europe at the present time.

But there are also several badly defined varieties of North
American origin in Cultivation. Indeed they are scarcely
worth the trouble of distinguishing, but we may roughly
characterise them as follows, from an examination of the
living plants in the nursery of Mr. André Leroy, at Angers.

What is generally held to be the typical D. virginiana is
a handsome tree with a spreading Crown, flat, acuminate,
of glabrous and shining leaves, and a nearly spherica] ,
slightly depressed fruit encircled at the base by a large
collar formed of the persistent calyx : and besides this there
are the following varieties :

1. D. v. insignis, of very slender habit with willow-like
foliage. |

2. D. v. pubescens, described as a species by the botanist
Pursh, but in our opinion a mere variety having oblong
acute leaves, clothed with soft hairs beneath and borne on
long petioles.

3. D. v. angustifolia, the same as the type except that it
has narrower leaves.

4. D. v. villosa, a very remarkable variety, of which the
obtuse leaves recall D. Kaki, but its fruit is not yet known
at Angers.

5. D. v. purpurea, a pretty variety, the leaves of which
when fully developed change to a purple ‘red.

6. D. ». Perquini, a beautiful tree with acuminate, shin-
ing leaves, closely approaching what we have seen in many
other nurseries under the name of D. catycina.

NT D.e. lucida, the last, which we consider the most valu-
able of all. It is a slender, graceful tree with spreading cylin-
drical smooth ash-gray branches, medium-sized , glabrous
and shining, yellow-veined leaves tapering to both ends, and

supported on fine petioles. Its abundant sessile fruits are as
large as a Green Gage Plum, perfectly spherical, slightly
ribbed, surmounted by a cylindrical mucro, surrounded at

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

142

the base by the accrescent calyx, about an inch broad ,
and assuming when ripe a beautiful orange colour. It
contains à soft sugary pulp when ripe, recalling the flavour
of apricot marmalade and honey. We tasted it in company

. With Mr Leroy and considered it superior to the fruit of all

other varieties we had previously tried.

Great confusion prevails respecting the application of the
names D. intermedia, digyna and stricta, found in English
catalogues of forty years ago, and no faith can be placed
in their present use in collections. They are all the issue
Of D. virginiana.

The principal object of this notice is to induce amateurs
to enter more largely into the cultivation of the better va-
rieties of the Virginian Date Plum. The species was intro-
duced nearly 250 years ag0 (1629) and it is scarcely known
even now. D. costata is even superior, but it has the dis-
advantage of being less hardy, not being able to resist the
winters of Paris; it is still very rare, and must continue
so for à considerable time, whilst D, virginiana is scarcely
touched by the frost. In America the latter is esteemed as
frut-tree, under the name of Persimmon. Its bletted fruit
is eaten with or without sugar or made into a preserve, like
that of D. Kaki in Japan, of which we recently tasted some
samples sent to the exhibition at Lyons by M° Hénon, It
is also empleyed in making a kind of cider, spirit, and beer
with the addition of hops. Oven-dried they resemble the
French prunes.

May the Date Plum be more widely grown in the deep
cool soil of our parks and gardens, and especially the variety
lucida, which M° Leroy possesses quite true, and we shall
have another handsome tree and another good fruit (1).

E. À.

(:) It is doubtful whether the Date Plum would succeed in any part
of England as a fruit tree, our autumns being too cloudy to bring its
fruit to perfection; but it nevertheless deserves planting for its or-
namental character alone. Although we have seen large trees of this
species in England; we never met with it in fruit, possibly because
it is dioecious? We may add that Mr W. P. Hiern, in his careful
monograph of the Ebenaceae, refers D. costata to D. Kaki, although
admits that they are quite distinct from a horticultherist’s point of
view. - W. B. H.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LONDON;

The following notes on this important show are from a
more detailed report which appeared in the Gardener’s Chro-
nicle, Taking the amount (about £ 200) and the number of
- Classes (sixty-six) into consideration , it is doubtful whether
such a display as was brought together on this occasion in
the Conservatory and western arcade could anywhere else
have been brought together, and the members of the Council
May take the flattering unction to their souls that their
Yigourous management is meeting with its due reward in
undiminished popularity amongst the craft. The display of
Chrysanthemums in pots, which occupied the whole of à
wide Stage down the centre of the conservatory, was decid-
edly the best that has been held here for many years ; while
Mongst the cut flowers , all of great merit, there were two
of the finest groups of Japanese varieties it has ever been
Our 800d fortune to see, and which earned deserved praise
for the skill of their producers. Of the fruit, Apples and
Pears especially, it is a question whether greater numbers

?

SHOW OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS, FRUIT, ETC.

have not been staged at previous exhibitions (about 1500
dishes were shown on this occasion), but our recollection
does not enable us to say that the quality, which ran of a
high order of merit throughout, was ever better. The Jersey
growers were, as usual, well to the front, carrying off the
leading prizes for Pears, and many for Apples. It was a sub-

ject of. general comment among the horticulturists present

that by having all the classes open, English growers who
desire to compete are obliged to do so at an immense disad-
vantage with their confrères in the Channel Islands ; and as
for all the other shows held during the year, the Society
is almost entirely dependent upon the co-operation of the
English growers, it is a question of very great importance
for the Council to consider, whether they should not modify
their schedule of prizes issued for next year, s0 as to confine
the Channel Islands’ growers to competition amongst them-

selves.

Rather an ingenious way of repairing damaged fruit was

4

_ modification for the clima

143
RE SRE sel #4

discovered in a dish of large Apples staged by a Jersey
exhibitor. It appears that one of his fruit was decayed or
damaged, and to make this good he removed the bad portion
and inserted a sound piece of another fruit in its place,
finally covering the whole with a piece of Apple skin.

The manner of tying many of the Chrysanthemums in
order to keep them dwarf, is open to severe criticism.

In the open class for twelve large-flowered varieties, Mr.
James, gardener to W.F.Watson, Esq. of Isleworth, took the
first prize with well-flowered , medium sized plants of good
quality. Specimens of Faust, Empress Eugénie, Jardin des
Plantes, Mrs. Halliburton, Julia Lagrave, Antonelli and Lord
Derby, were remarkably good. The open class for twelve
Pompon Chrysanthemums brought out four competitors, of
whom Mr. Donglas, gardener to H. Withbourn, Esq. of
Iords, stood first. The leading varieties in this class were :
Cedo Nulli, James Forsyth, St. Michaels, Bob, M° Murray
and Miss Julia. The best icinen large-flowered Chrys-

THE VAR RES HORTICOLE.

144

anthemum from nurserymen was a very fine plant of the
new George Glenny , soft prim rose yellow, contributed by
Messrs. Cutbush and Son; and M° R. Riggs, Lewisham,
took the first for a specimen Pompon with a large plant
of the familiar old variety Bob. The finest dozen blooms
of Japanese varieties that we have ever seen came from
M: J. Hinnell, and included magnificent blooms of The
Sultan, Aurantium, Red Dragon , Fair Maid of Guernsey,
Baron de Prackley, James Salter, Meg Merrilies, and the

4

Dai
mn “Gold Medal offered for a collection of not more than

ten varieties of Grape, two bunches of each kind, was won

by Messrs. H. Lane and Son, of great. Berkhampstead, who
put up large and excellent a of Muscat of Alexandria,
Bowood Muscat, Muscat Hamburgh, Gros Colman, Trebbiano,
Lady Downes, Black Prince, M Pince’s Black Muscat, etc.
We regret not having the space to give further extracts
from the report of this excellent show. W. BB. H

ROSE JUDGING..

Our contemporary of the Journal of Horticulture, (one of
the best of English Horticultural Journals), whose name we
often have occasion to mention, formed a committee some
time back with the view of obtaining the judgement of num-
erous growers on the merits of certain Roses ; a subject of
the greatest interest, enlisting our warmest sympathy. A list
of the best Roses, to the number of 84, was drawn up, and
submitted to some of the principal growers and amateurs in
Great Britain for their opinion of the merits of the various
kinds enumerated. À careful register of the votes given was
kept. Thirty-eight replies were received in response to the
demand of the Journal in question. They were brought
together and tabulated by a celebrated rosarian, Mr. Joseph
Hinton of Warminster. Curiously enough, the numbers of
gardeners and amateurs were equal, thus giving an addi-
tional value to their votes. The Roses named received from
6 to 38 votes. We shall not give the entire list, but limit it
to sixty of the varieties that obtained the greatest number
of voices. Of course it will be understood that the list was
intended for the climate of Papiand. and that it would need
France, Belgium or Hol-
land , and still more for the countries tartes north. At all
events, it is interesting to have the opinion of thirty-eight
of the best rosarians of England on the following Roses.

Maréchal Niel (PAT hd 38 voteë
Alfred Colomb (Lachurmel 4 5 38 »
Charles Lefebvre (Lacharme), . 88 »
Madame de Rothschild ( EE 2 »
Marie Haumann:(Hauténn}).,:; 0... 0... 37 »
Rae (Guiliot Ms}: oi Mo a à 87 »
Louis Van Houtte (Lacharme) ; . 5. 87 »
Madame V. Verdier (V. Verdier)... . ......... 87
Comtesse d'Oxford _ PO ns nue on: 86
Etienne Dore (boot 6 ee 36

John Hopper (Wars A 36 ,
Duke of Edinburgh er a 36 :
Fougois Michelon (Leveth 2, 0 34 :
Die os (ou nn 34 :
Marquise de Castellane (Vernet) . . . ....... 33 -
Sénäteur Vaisse (Guitot père) . . 2: 33 :
Pierre Notting (Portemer) . . 32 :
ss :

Xavier Olibo pe NAS RE AS à 11 + 82-votes
Hour Hors CE PT à ii. « à}
Marguerite de St-Amand Cet à D 81: »
CHOIPE Où AIO Cantal. En . , .. , 0 | 30 »
Marie Rady (Font ”
Souvenir d’un ami (Bétot de 7 dns om. 29 »
Ferdinand de Lesseps (£. . Mu: 27 »
Camille de Robin (Re Férdier) .. 26 »
Emilie Hausb Ai Cd CR APS TOR EC TN ES 25. »
Souvenir d’ Elise NPD E RRSTENER SeRR se cr 24 »
PDupuy-Jamain (Jarñain) . M. 2... .. \ dE.
Camille Bernardin (Gautreau) . . . .... Venere 23. 9
Catherine Mermet (Guitot fs). . . ...... FU pouiaes ‘+ 2 à
Fdousrd Morren (Granger), : . . . . : , . .. . . . . .…. 22n
DRE CNE Man, A | 22 »
Exposition de Brie (Granger). . . . . .. .......... 21 »
Victoe VObde (Leharme): à dus re... . 21 »
Maurice Bernardin (Granger) . ......,......... RE
Horace Vernet (Guitot nus) . . 19
ROME RAR On COROEr e 19 n
Madame Wood (Æ. Ferdter). . :, . : :. :... .., . 19. »
Madame Willermoz (Lacharme) . . ............. 5
a rate ST SU RON LA LC RE CN EE 17 “9
Madame Schwartz (Liapaua) Rd T4
Souvenir de la Malmaison. .......... nie. 16 ;
Hanhes HOME. Pare nu oo 15 »
bb Ua us M nt DR A 15: +
Comtesse de Chabrillant (Marest) Ne ts 14 »
Monsieur Noman ps M ire és lé »
Clémence Joigneaux (Gonod). . .:............. 14 ”
Duchesse de Cyglus (C. ie) Re Mu. 14 ».
Belle Lyonnaise (Lever). ............ 7. : re
Beauty of Waltham (W. Paut) .. . . .... RU in 14 à
ÉD MOD net. à 5 EN 12 9»
Céline Forestier (A. Leroy). . . ........... # ” M
Marie de Cambridge (Paut and Sons). . . .. . .. .. . 18
ne ne de FE: 9
Baron Bonstetten (Liabaud) . 46 RE nn 11:
Thieiee: Level (Lane): 2 0 1
Madame Lacharme (Lacharme) : : . 10 ;
Laxton es Re A 10 »
La Lyonnaise ( RE ER Ce ne 10

The preceding list is exceedingly useful , as it will enable
amateurs to make selections according to theie taste of one
to sixty Roses, based upon the experience of the most comp-

etent men. But the work is not finished. It should now be

adapted to diverse climates, and we hope soon to find the
means of obtaining this desirable result. E. A.

MS

ee THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

r 146

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

RS en PE

October, 1874.

— THE PELARGONIUM Socrery. _—— An association has
been formed in London under the title of the Pelargonium
Society, the object of which is the improvement of this genus
so rich in beautiful plants. We have received the circular
of this society, and it is very promising.

It is proposed to offer prizes for the best new varieties
obtained either at home or abroad ; to determine the value
of certain varieties for greenhouse and open air culture; to
subject new varieties to comparative cultivation, and Judge
them (the soil used for this purpose to be furnished by the

Royal Horticultural Society from its garden at Chiswick) ; to:

keep a register of new varieties, giving the history of their
origin; and facilitate exchange between English and foreign
raisers. The course taken by the Society in giving its opera-
tion an international character is highly praiseworthy, and
will doubtless secure it many additional supporters. All
communications should be addressed to Mr. Denny, Stoke
Newington, London. The subscription has been fixed at £ 1
per annum.

— THE PHYLLOXERA IN AUSTRIA AND SWITZERLAND. —
Notwithstanding the strong assurances given by several
journals that this scourge was on the decrease, we regret to
announce that nothing goes to prove even à partial disap-

pearance. Ît has recently made its appearance in Austria,

having been discovered in the central fruit district of Lower
Austria, on some vines imported from America in 1869. An
order to root out all the American vines was at once given.
This was carried out most effectively, and it is hoped that
the evil may thus be overcome : but who knows what pre-
cautions would be sufficient to arrest the spread of an insect

possessed of such amazing powers of reproduction ?
Unfortunately, too, we have to report a new region of

Europe where it has shown itself. It is in Switzerland, at
Prégny, in the Canton of Geneva. Yet the Swiss federal
Government had taken most particular precautions to prevent

the invasion of this dreaded insect. Since last year not a

single vine has been permitted to pass into the country. But
all was of no avail, and the enemy has baffled the most active
Surveillance, , 4e

— GRAFTING or THE PEAR oN THE Mounran Asx. — À
correspondent of the Journal of Horticulture records the
successful grafting of the Pear upon the Mountain Ash,
Pirus aucuparia, The growth is fully maintained, but the
fruit is retarded, harder than on the Quince, and inferior in
quality, especially the Butter Pears. The trees are growing
in à poor soil , at an elevation of 450 feet above the level of

sea, * à

— EnGrisx expenirton to rue Not Porx. — It is

announced that the British Admiralty is making prepara-

tions for another polar expedition. Science at large will
receive this decision with much gratification, It is much
to be desired that a botanist should form one of the staff ;

D Dune bélicve it has been decided that no person uncon-

nected with the Royal Navy is to be permitted to join the
expedition on the ground that the work of the naturalist
will be purely mechanical , and limited to forming collections.

We think it is a pity to lose such an Opportunity of ex-
tending our knowledge, for, although some of the officers
may collect very industriously, they may not do it intelli-
gently, whereas à trained botanist would not encumber
himself with well known things, except from new localities ,
and would at once detect new forms.

— FLowerne erarpen By ARTIrICrAL, COLD. — Mr, Tel-
lier, director of the refrigerating apparatus at Auteuil ,
Paris, is at present engaged upon a series of experiments ,
which, if Carefully conducted, may furnish some interesting
results. He hopes to be able to retard almost at will the
blooming of certain plants by subjecting them to artif-
cial cold in the warm season, He has already operated
upon some bulbous plants, and at the meeting of the
Société centrale d'Horticulture of J uly 9, he exhibited three
tufts of Narcissus viflorus in flower, which had been kept
back four months by artificial cold. Certainly, here is an
opening for a series of experiments of the most interesting
description. Let Mr. Tellier pursue his trials, and his suc_
cesses, equally with his failures, may lead gardeners to
new and productive methods of cultivating plants. Moreover,
the question has already begun to attract the attention of
some minds, as in the analogous case of the recent attempts
to flower the Saffron Crocus out of season.

— FLOWERING OF JALAP IN THE OPEN AIR. — The Jalap,
Exogonium purga, Benth., the plant that produces the well
known purgative, flowered during the present autumn at
Kew. The plant in question is trained against a wall with a
south aspect. Its pink flowers are exceedingly attractive,
and it is interesting to see this subtropical plant flourishing
in the open air. It has been in cultivation at Kew for some
years. à
— EnGRAVINGS OF THE Box JARDINIER (!). — This useful
book fully maintains its ancient reputation. We have lately
received the 23" edition of this standard work on horti-
culture. It is a vade-mecum indispensable to every gar-
dener and amateur who can read French. From year to
year in has been revised, remodelled and augmented. Whoever

bas the Bon Jardinier should also possess the engravings.

To give an idea of its contents would be a difficult matter.
It is an encyclopedia of figures, from the elements of botany
and gardening : layers, cuttings, grafts, training ; apparatus
for ordinary culture and forcing : frames, houses, heating
apparatus; tools and garden appliances, to tbe formation
and embellishment of gardens. Altogether it is deserving

of our hearty support. Er. Axpré.

Ë
(} One vol. of 620 pages with 667 engravings, 23'd edition. Librairie
agricole, 26, rue Jacob, Paris. Price 7 francs.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

147

PL. CLXXXII.

SCIADOCALYX. x LUCIANI, ED. ANDRE.
NAT. ORD. GESNERIACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : Ezuie, dde, sunshade, and 24)>£, calyx, in allusion to the form of the calyx.
GENERIC CHARACTER : Annulus integer vel 5 crenatus, calyx horizontaliter patens; corolla ï calyce subrecta, basi subo-
bliqua, tubo fere recto, inflato, fance constricto, limbo subaeqanli patente; stigma bifidum; antherae inclusae; (Regel, Gartenflora,
1853, p. 358.) .
CHARACTER OF THE HYBRID : suffruticosa : caules, petioli, pedunculi, calyces, corollae tubus pilis mollibus erectis scarlatinis
dense vestiti; caules pauci erecti, robusti, cylindrici; folia petiolata ovato-oblonga utrinque acuminata Lanta ie, pbohe pate
bus crassis supra canaliculatis basi amplexicaulibus; flores in axilla foliorum superiorum paniculato-conferti: pelouse a flori, ne
- teretes, 3-4 cent. longi, apice bibracteati bracteis lanceolatis ; pedicelli aequilongi; calyx lanatus tubo brevissimo, re subcordatis
patulis vix umbraculiformibus ; corollae tubus 3-4 cent. longus, vivide scarlatinus hirsutus, superne rectus, bte: véntricosus ad faucem
contractus, lobis 5 patulis rosaceis suborbiculatis integerrimis glabris roseo-violaceis, atropurpureo-punctatis; stylus haud exsertus,
stigma furcatum; stamina inclusa, antheris ovatis; glandulae 5 liberae basi ovarii annulatim dispositae. — In horto Lindeniano

Gandavensi à fecundatione adulterina (inter Sciadocalycem digitalifloram et Tydaeam pardinam) nata, anno 1873. — E. A.

Sciadocalyx X Luciani, Ed. André, hybrid nov.

When in 1870 we published in this work the beautiful
New-Granadian Gesnerad which goes by the name of

Sciadocalyæ digitaliflora, we had great confidence in its
_ future and our hopes have not been frustrated. Independently
of its intrinsic qualities, of which profuse flowering is the
principal, it has already furnished some valuable acquisi-
tions to the hybridiser. The one of which we here give the
portrait is a plant of surpassing beauty. It was obtained by
Mr. Lucien Linden, to whom we dedicate it, by a cross
between S. digitalifora and Tydaea pardina (Vol. XX, pl.

152 Zu. Hort.). It is a plant of most luxuriant growth, and a
glance at our plate will give an idea of the brilliancy of its
flowers.

One of the most remarkable characters exhibited by this
hybrid is the great reduction in the development of the lobes
of the calyx, which in S. digitatiflora are large and spreading
like a parasol, hence the generic name, as explained above.

Other hybrids between Sciadocatyæ and other genera have
been obtained, and they will be discussed in due order.

E. A.

ons e ss

EMBELLISHMENT OF GARDENS.

The castle and park of La Celle St-Cloud, near Paris, are
celebrated in the history of horticulture. Here was formed
the splendid collection of Orchids, the fame of which was
world-wide. The late proprietor, Mr Pescatore, brought them
together at the suggestion of his countryman, M' Linden,
who dedicated a fine species to him, the Odontoglossum
Pescatorei, and who published, under the title of Pescatorea,
the grand work on Orchids which is known to everybody.

The Orchids of La Celle have been partly dispersed since
the death of M° Pescatore, But the park and glass-houses,
thanks to the enlightened zeal of the present proprietor,
M: Dutreux-Pescatore, a distinguished amateur, have gained
in appearance and ornamentation. À
= Bedding-out,….as is well known, has been practiced in

England for many years, but it is only just making its

Way and establishing itself in France. Geometrical flower- |

gardening is certainly practiced in Germany, but the designs
_are usually very complicated, and never possessed much at-
traction for us.

Continental gardeners are beginning to adopt a more
elaborate system of decorative bedding-out, and we have much
pleasure in being able to affirm having already seen some
examples that exhibited a purer and more refined taste

than was to be expected on the other side of the channel.

The following description is a proof of this assertion. It is
very simple, but harmonious in effect to the highest degree,

both in the proportions of the lines of different plants and
in the selection of colours. |

The bed js very: nearly twenty four feet in diameter. It is
situated at the narrowed end of à hollowed lawn, where
it rises as à conical mound of pleasing appearance. 1ts height
in the centre is about 3 feet. This centre is occupied by a
fine specimen of Cordytine indivisa with drooping foliage.
Immediately around the stem of this plant is a circle of
Tresine Herbstii kept rather dwarf ; and forming a deep
purple groundwork to it. The next circle is composed of
Pelargonium Mangtesii. And then come the designs on the
slope of the cone, which has a very gentle inclination, and is
hollowed in the middle.

1. Border Echeveria secunda (3 rows.)

2. Sedum dasyphyllum, very slender and glaucescent,
dotted over with tufts of Zeteïanthera amaenc.

3. Border Sedum carneum variegatum, about 4 !/, inches
wide,

4. Atternanthera Paronychioides, about 6 inches wide.

5. Ring of Pelargonium Manglesii

6. Ground of Zresine Linden:

T. Cordyline indivisa

Nothing in the way of succulent plants, the objects of s0

uch care in England, would surpass it. Let any one try to
reproduce this bed, and he will thank us for having obtained
the permission of Mr. Dutreux to publish it. E. À,

described above.

nes

# Linden, publ.

tab, Chrome. de £ Stroobant. à Gand.

#
Étab. Chrome. d L Stropbnnt à Gand

(

London pub

# THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.
TE —

150

PL.CLXXXIY.

THEOPHRASTA (?) IMPERIALIS.

We are still obliged to employ the provisional name of
this handsome tree as the title of our article. Since the
publication of our notice (1874, p. 83), renewed attempts
to determine its exact affinities have failed. The herbariums
and libraries of the principal botanical establishments in
Europe have been searched again in vain. We must there-
fore await the arrival of flowers from Brazil, whither we
have sent à requisition for them. Meanwhile we must
request our readers to consult future numbers for the true
name of this curious plant,

However, our researches have brought to light some
further information, which may be of interest here: The
first living specimen introduced into Europe is still in
existence in the garden of M" Legrelle-d'Hanis, at Berchem,
lez-Anvers. Mr. Linden recollects having seen it there about
the year 1846, under the name of Theophrasta imperialis.
In 1849, Mr. Libon sent living plants of it to Mr. De Jonghe,
at Brussels. À few years afterwards, Mr. Linden himself
received a consignment of several hundred young plants,
collected by his traveller, Mr. Marius Porte; and since then
it has spread all over Europe. Among the seedlings were
several seeds scarcely germinated, which enabled Mr. Lin-

den to determine that it was neither à Curatella nor à
Theophrasta, but certainly a member of the S'apotaceae.

According to Mr. Houllet, the able and modest chief of
the in-door department of the Museum gardens of Paris,
the first specimens received at this establishment were sent by
Mr. Porte, who-gave the province of Rio as its place of growth.

À handsome specimen was planted out in the big stove

house in the Jardin des Plantes, where it still remains .
but has not yet flowered, Mr. Decaisne having studied the

Plant, thought from its habit and foliage that it must be

some Dilleniaceae, and , it js said, assigned to it the name
Of CurateUla speciosa.

In 1865, Mr. Linden received a fresh consignment of it,
through the agency Of Mr. Glaziou, the learned director
Of the Passeio Publico of Rio de Janeiro, We were inclined
to think that our plant approached the genus Labatia of
Martius, but the rugose testa of the seeds, and the peltate
hairs , similar to those of the Maïpighiaceae, found in this
senus, remove it considerably.

How much it is to be regretted that the study of histology
is still so little advanced, otherwise a section or two of its
tissues would have perbaps sufficed to determine its genus ,
just as an examination of its vegetation, the determination
of the presence of the laticiferous vessels, and the structure
of the seed indicated its natural affinities to those conversant
with the characters of the Sapotaceae,

To the foregoing we can add one more interesting piece
of information respecting the habitat of this noble plant.
It has now been ascertained that it grows on mount Tijuca
in the chain of Corcovado, in the province of Rio, It is
remarkable that so grand à tree, growing at the very gates
of Rio de Janeiro, should have hitherto escaped the notice
of botanists.

We hope, however, to be able to lift the veil which con-
ceals its distinguishing characters, and give our readers
its name. E. A.

NEW STRAWBERRIES.

We have lately received a list of four new varieties of
Strawberry obtained from seed by Mr. Riffaud, the well-
known raiser, of Châlons-sur-Marne , who raised the variety
Docteur Nicaise, and subsequently many other fine varieties.

The following are those of 1874, which have been tried and

adopted by Mr. de Lambertye.

Maname Avausre ComBez. — Fruit very large, pear-
shaped , ribbed, of fine shape and deep red colour, highly
glazed, seeds very prominent. Flesh tinged with salmon,
white in the centre, perfûmed,sugary, of exquisitely delicate
flavour. Plant vigorous , second early.

"ARE DE GOURCY. — Fruit very large, triangular, deep
red, varnished, seeds slightly depressed: Flesh rich, tinted,
*érecably acid, highly perfumed. Bears transport well, on
account of the firmness of its flan. Plant very robust and
hardy, extremely prolifie, early. S

SBBERT MAcHET. — Fruit very large and handsome in
Shape, elongated and almost cylindrical. Flesh white slightly
20864 with salmon, slightly acid; juice brisk, abundant,

flavour YETY agreeable. A very free-growing, hardy, fertile

Yariety, second early.

La PRODIGUE. — Fruit medium size, cone-shaped , deep
red; seeds slightly elevated. Flesh full, white, juice sugary
and brisk; flavour very fine with a very decided raspberry
taste, quality extra. A hardy, very productive, early variety.

To these four varieties we may add those of 1873, to which
we have previously referred, and which amateurs have since
had an opportunity of trying. They are: Aglaé de Bernet,
Edouard André, Augustin Chrétien, Comte dBoclaibes.

Amongst the seedlings of D° Nicaise and Mr, Riffaud there
are still some varieties of the first rank, which amateurs of
strawberries will be glad to know. The following are first-
class : Duc de Magenta, Berthe Montjoye, Marie Nicaise,
Auguste Nicaise, Anna de Rothschild, Gabrielle, Abd-el-
Kader, Passe partout, Perfection, Rubis and Pulcain.

The weeding-out of a collection of strawberries is a difü-
cult task. Different soils do not suit all varieties. The better
plan is to try side by side as many of the varieties recom-
mended as possible, and make a selection after proving

: ive merits.
thoir relative P. ErcEau.

nt

: : Li ght branches , flowers large, full ,

A . edge, highly effective. Hybrid Perpetual.

branches, flowers medium size, full, well formed, canary

151 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

| —
on
LE

PL. CLXXXV.

CAMELLIA MISS MINNIE MERRITT.

NAT. ORD. TERNSTROEMIACEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC and SPECIFIC CHARACTERS, see ZA. Hort. under plate CLXVIIT.

Cnaracrer 0F TnE varrery : Leaves spreading revolute,
acutely acuminate; flowers large and elegant, petals distant
imbricated orbicular spreading recurved, central ones erect
mucronate, outer ones slightly indented, all of a delicate

ee

CARTER'S GREEN

Under this singular name a new variety of Tomato was
recently exhibited by Messrs J. Carter and C° at one of the
meetings of the Horticultural Society of London, which body
accorded it a first-class certificate for its delicious aroma and
distinct character. The fruit is of medium or small size, round-

salmon-pink, in the way of Jubilee, deeper towards the centre,
white on the margin, and traversed by slender longitudinal

forked stripes.
E. A.

GAGE TOMATO.

ish in shape, perfectly smooth, and of a delicate citron colour
slightly tinged with pink. In appearance it is totally different
from any variety we know, suggesting to Messrs. Carter the
idea of comparing it to a Green Gage. The exquisite flavour
Of this variety adds greatly to its merits.

NEW ROSES FOR THE AUTUMN, 1874.

The novelties in Roses for 1874 are said to be very remark-
able. The nature of this journal not permitting us to
mention the names of the raiser of the different varieties , we
simply enumerate the following, which may readily be ob-
tained from any of the large growers , towards the end of
the winter.

Mare Oporx, moderately vigorous, branches Straight,
flowers medium or large, full, well formed, standing well
up, yellowish in the centre, occasionally dotted with pink. Tea.

ADANSON , a strong grower, flower medium or large, full,
well formed, bright amaranth shading off to red. Hybrid
Perpetual.

Casimim PÉRIER, à very Strong grower, with large very
double, well shaped, deep ruby-red flowers, passing to
bright red. Hybrid Perpetual.

ALINE SISLEY, à vigorous growing variety with large or
mediam, double flowers, of good shape, varying from rose
purple to violet-red shaded ; a new colour in the Tea section.
Man Gunor, a strong grower, flowers large, very
double, well formed , imbricated, of a beautiful white tinged
with yellow. Tea.

ComTE pe SEMBUI, a vigorous grower with stout branches ;
flowers large, full, of good shape, salmon tinged with pink,
petals silvery on the outside. À variety of the first order. Tea.

Jeax Ducner, a very vigorous growing variety with
globular, yellow
shaded with salmon, tinted with peach red within, very
floriferous.

Mapame Devoucoux, moderately vigorous with straight

yellow. Tea.
La RosièRE, very vigorous, flowers large , full, of fine

form, fiery amaranth red, crimson blueish black at the

VICLARET DE JOYEUSE, a strong grower, flowers very
large, full, well formed, rose shaded, very handsome.
Hybrid Perpetual.

Taérèse Loræ, à vigorous grower, flowers medium or
large, full, delicate pink, bright rose in the centre. Tea.

ALEXANDRE CHOMER, a very vigorous growing variety,
flowers large, full, purple-red , velvety, shaded with violet.
Hybrid Perpetual.

ANNE BLaxcHox, a strong grower, flowers large, very
double, expanding well, cup-shaped, bright rose, a sced-
ling from Anna Alexieff. Hybrid Perpetual.

THÉRÈSE GENEVAY , a vigorous grower, flowers large full
well formed, cup-shaped of a beautiful peach blossom pink,
a very free-bloomer. À handsome and effective variety. Tea.

DES JARDINS, a vigorous grower, flowers very
large, full, well formed , peduncle firm, pale yellow, some-
times deep canary, a profuse bloomer. Tea.

SHIRLEY HiBBERD, a strong grower, flowers medium size,
full, cup-shaped, nankeen or chamois yellow, a new colour.
A superb, free flowering variety. Tea. -

Rene pes Massrrs, a strong grower, flowers in clusters,
medium size, full, of a beautiful salmon yellow, some-
times tinged with Copper. À magnificent free-flowering va-
riety for grouping. Noïsette.

NTOINE Mourox, vigorous , flowers very large, well
formed, of a beautiful bright pink, reverse of the petals
silvery. Extra good variety. Hybrid Perpetual,

Duoness or Enineur6x, very vigorous, flowers very large
and ful], of good shape, with broad regular petals, colour
délicate pink, shaded, silvery, deeper towards the centre.
Very fragrant. Hybrid Perpetual.

E. A,

ÉD der nane se nn PU

ce).

LE LLUSTRATION :

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# | THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE,

ORNAMENTAT,

GARDENING.

WEEPING TREES.

Weeping trees add considerably to the embellishment of
a garden, but many of the most picturesque of them are
insufñciently known. The following Bist, which appeared in
the Bulletin horticole, à new organ of the eight Horticul-
tural Societies of the East of Belgium, may be of service
to planters and designers of gardens, who have not the
names of all these ornamental trees in their heads.

White Weeping Birch, obtained by Mr. Bonamy, of Tou-
louse; exceedingly elegaut.

Young's Weeping Birch, very light and graceful; first
observed in Hampshire.

Scartet Weeping Oak, foliage scarlet in Autumn, a na-
tive of Massachusetts (United States).

Engtish Weeping Oak, à variety of the common Oak,

_ obtained at Orléans by Mr. Dauvesse.

Weeping Ask, a well known variety detected on the estate
of Count de Mérode, at Westerloo, Antwerp.

Weeping gol-barked Ash, bark golden yellow.

Wecping variegate4 Ash, leaves variegated with green
and white.

Weeping Beech, à magnificent tree having several stages
of pendulous branches.

Weeping Waïnut, found at Waterloo.

Weeping Willow, the commonest and most beautiful of
all weeping trees.

Salomon's Weeping Willow, a vigorous elegant variety,
obtained by Mr. Villevieille.

Kilmarnock Weeping Willow, Salix Caprea.

Weeping Sophora, Sophora japonica pendula.

Weeping Silver Lime.

» A" » with variegated leaves.
Common Weeping Eim, with large leaves. |
This list has its interest, doubtless, but there is a large
number of species and varieties with pendulous branches
that are not included in it. Though perbaps not able to
Complete it, we may be permitted to add our contribution
of the names of those which occur to us at the moment, and
which deserve à place in the garden and park on account
of their graceful or picturesque habit.
Willow-leaved Pear, Pirus salicifolia, foliage silvery,

_ downy, very elegant.

Weeping Hornbeam, Carpinus Betutus penduta.

Wecping Mahalcb, Prunus Mañatep pendula,
Weeping Cherry, Cerasus Avium pendula,
Grecian Poplar, Poputus graeca.

Weeping Poplar, Populus virginiana pendula .

ceping mountain Ash, Sorbus Aucuparia pendule.

Weeping Laburnum, Cytisus Laburnum pendulum .

Weeping Thorn, Crataegus penauta , Lodd.

Spreading Thorn, C, tinearis.

Tamarisk, Tamarix tetrandra and others,

American Weeping Elm, Uimus americana pendula.

Bujots Gleditschia, Gteditschia Bujoti.

Weeping Black Willow, Satiæ nigra penduta,

Weeping Acacia, Robinia pseudacacia pendule,

Dwarf Weeping Pavia, Pavia pumila pendula,

Weeping Peach, Persica vulgaris pendula.

Weeping Elaeagnus, Ztaeagnus reflexa,

Imperial Alder, Ainus grutinosa imperialis, branches half
pendulous.

Weeping Silver Fir, Abies pectinata pendula.

Weeping Spruce Fir, Abies Picea pendula,

Weeping Canadian Fir, Zsuga éanadensis.

Drooping Arbor-Vitae, Biota orientatis filiformis.

Weeping Mount Atlas Cedar, Cedrus attantica pendula.

Weeping Cypress, Cupressus religiosa,

Weeping Juniper, Juniperus obtonga penduta,

Weeping Red Cedar, J. virginiana penduta.

Weeping Larch, Larix europaea penduta,

Weeping Chinese Larch, Giyptostrobus chinensis pendula.

Dowaston's Yew, Tawus baccata Dowastont, and several
other conifers.

Here are thirty-one species or varieties added to the
preceding list, which includes fifteen, making a total of
forty-six weeping trees. We are quite sure that this does
not exhaust the number, but we wished to show what re-
sources are at the disposal of landscape gardeners, the
greater part of whom either do not know or ignore them.
The art of one branch of ornamental gardening depends
entirely upon the skilful use of weeping trees, especially in
mountainous countries and in rocky situations. It is a subject
upon which we might enlarge here, but we must defer it
until another occasion.

E, À.

PTS

BOTANICAL CONGRESS AT FLORENCE.

At the first meeting of the International Botanical Congress
Presided over by D' Hooker, Mr. Planchon discoursed on
Phylloera vastatriæ, Professor À. Targioni Tozetti follow-
0g him on the same subject.

Mr. F amintzin then made a communication on the spores
Of Ceratium and Lycogala.

Prof. Orphanides, of Athens, read a memoir on the diffe-
_. Tent species of Cochicum peculiar to Greece.

Mr. Schimper gave an account of an Annularia (Sphoeno- |
Phytlum) found in the gneiss of Monte-Bianco, to which |

Mr. Ball replied, and drew an answer from Mr. Schimper
in which Mr. Desor concurred.

Prof. Caruel of Pisa spoke of the organography of the
flowers of Cynomorium coccineum, the curious PARROpRores
of the Mediterranean region. arche Hofmeister,

hon spoke on the same subjec
un né was held under the presidency of
Mr. De Candolle. Prof. Koch made a communication respect-
ing the Bamboos of China ‘and Japan. | .
The pollen of Conifers was the subject of a paper by

5%

155 : THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 156

Mr. Tchistiakoff ;: Mr. Radlkofer read a notice of the

anomalies in the trunk of four genera of Sapindaceæ, and he |
: of the whole congress to the person who had done as much for

presented a monograph of the genus Serjania.

Mr. Weddell spoke of the nature and functions of gonidia ;
and the following gentlemen took part in the discussion
which ensued : Messrs. Famintzin, Caruel, Fischer of Wald-
heim, Gibelli, Suringar, Schimper and Kanitz.

Mr. Délpino entertained the company with his researches
into the history of the Nostocs.

Mr. Castracane read a memoir on the reproduction of

Diatoms, in which he combats the opinion of Mr. Pfitzer,
who replied himself to the observations of Mr. Castracane.
Mr. Hiern communicated a memoir on the value of the de-

. terminations of fossil plants, and alluded more especially
to the Ebenaceae.

Mr. Delchevalerie presented a specimen of fossil wood
found in the Libyan desert.

Mr. Bunge presided at the third meeting, when Mr. De Can-
dolle presented a treatise on the unequal distribution of
Alpine plants: and Messrs. Ball and Tschihatscheff made
some remarks on the same subject.

This was followed by a communication from Mr. Timiria-
zeff treating of the action of light on the decomposition
of carbonic acid by means of granules of chlorophyll, and
the action of different rays of the solar spectrum.

The magnifying powers of the microscope formed the
subject of a paper by prof. Suringar of Leyden.

Mr. Heldreich spoke of some new _ of plants found
in Greece.

Mr. de Gelesnow studied the distribution of water in the
different parts of the plants.

Mr. Fischer of Waldheim spoke on the Ustiagineue.

Mr. Borodine communicated the result of his researches
on the influence of carbonic acid during the germination
of seeds.

Mr. Arcangeli made some observations on the floral en-
velop, to which Dr. Ascherson replied.

Mr. Bargellini presented a memoir on the vegetable para-
sites of man.

Mr. Lanzi spoke on Bacterias, raising a discussion in
which several members took part.

Mr. ides exhibited a rich Con of new “id
rare Se collected in Greece.

Mr. Ungern-Sternberg read a monograph of the Sati-
cornieae.

Mr. Gennero first scbaitted some observations on Cyénus
followed by an exposition of some facts recorded in the
botanic garden of Cagliari, concluding with à consideration

of insular floras.

Mr. Cesati mentioned a ner of wax seen at the

_ exhibition, the product of Guarea splendens.

= Mr. Orphanides proposed a vote of thanks to the city of

Pisa, the director of the botanic garden and the autho-
rities, and requested the president to convey the thanks

its success. Mr. De Candolle supported the motion, and expres-

sed a hope of the speedy recovery of prof. Parlatore, and
proposed to name a commission to convey their congra-
tulations to prof. Parlatore, on the importance and richness
of the botanical collections. In particular he praised the
central herbarium and its arrangement. These propositions
were received with acclamation, and Messrs. Decandolle,
Gelesnow and Cesati were named to form the commission.

Mr. Bubani proposed that some mark of acknowledgement
be made in memory of the grand duke Leopold IT of Tuscany,
who had done so much for botany.This was followed by various
other votes of thanks, and Mr. Ridolfi read a closing speech.
The syndic, Mr. Peruzzi, returned thanks on behalf of the
institute for the philosophical communications, and the
meeting broke up.

LIST OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE CONGRESS.

Alsace-Lorraine Mr. Schimper Strasbourg.
Australia Ch. Moore Sydney.
Austro-Hungary Fenzl Vienna.

ne È Archbishop Haynald Kalocsa.

” ” Mr. Muzio Tommazini Trieste.
Bavaria Radikoffer Munich.
Belgium de Cannart d’Hamale Malines.

» Linden Brussels
Colombia J. Triana Bogota
Denmark J. Lange Copenhagen.
France H. Baillon Paris. :

» J. Planchon Montpellier.

» Weddell Poitiers.
Great Britain Bentham London.

ù Hooker Kew.
Ireland D. Moore Dublin.
Duchy of Baden Seubert Carlsruhe.
Greece J. Orphanides Athens.
Holland Rauwenhoff Utrecht.

n W. Suringar Leyden,
Hamburg H. Reichenbach
Hanover H. Wendland Herrenhausen.
Prussia C. Koch Berlin.
Russia Al. Bunge Dorpat.

» De Gelesnow St. Petersburg.

” Regel ”

” Tschihatschef »
Saxe-Weïmar E. Strasburger Jena.
Sweden and Norway Andersson Stockholm.

" Schübeler Christiania.
Switzerland A. De Candolle Geneva.

» J. Desor »
Wurtemberg Hofmeister Stuttgardt.
E. A,

+ THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

ON THE FORMATION AND KEEPING OF GARDEN WALKS. (1)

In England, as a rule, the making and maintenance of
garden walks is much better understood and carried out
_ than is the case on the Continent, especially in France, Bel-
gium and Germany, with some very few exceptions. À more
or less even beaten surface, with a thin layer of gravel, some-
times river gravel, but frequently dirty pit-gravel, suffices
in these countries to form rough paths, on which walking
is both laborious and unpleasant.

Doubtless, it is difficult to make firm, even walks every-
where, on account of the expense where there are long
distances to be traversed. But more care should be devoted
to the attainment of this desirable object in the flower
garden, and in the vicinity of the dwelling house. To this
end we furnish the following instructions.

In England, according to the locality or the fancy of the
proprietor or gardener, the walks are covered with a layer
of sand or asphalte, or some particular composition. In
almost all cases great care is exercised in the preparation of
a proper foundation, termed pitching. On a well levelled or
rammed surface, according as it may be à path-way or
broad walk, à paving of flat stones or bricks is laid, either
edgewise or flat, as close together as possible, though even
then they are sufliciently distant to admit of easy drainage.
Upon this foundation, which ranges from four inches to a
foot in thickness , according to the requirements in regard to
solidity, a layer of flints is put, and crushed and rolled down
as firmly as possible. Over this, a thin layer of fine Jersey
gravel is spread, varying in colour from pale yellow to red.
The walk is then subjected to another thorough rolling, and
when finished forms à comfortable and clean promenade in
all seasons, far pleasanter than the harsh, loose gravel
usually employed in Paris, which slips from under the feet.

Yet more carefully prepared are some of the foot-ways
around English houses, and especially the courts and paths
in the front gardens in London leading from the street to
the house. It does not come within our province to describe
the process of asphalting, as it is a special calling in all
the chief towns. But for garden purposes the proportion of
sand is larger.

The third method, varying a little in the composition and
proportions of the materials used, is less generally known.
It consists usually of a mixture of coarse sand and brees
or fine coal and cinders, and quick lime, which is slaked

eo

(} Although this was written more especially for the French
edition , it is equally applicable to many parts of England.
W. B 4.

and mixed with the two first ingredients in the proportion
Of about one fifth. À layer, from one to one and a half
inches thick, is evenly spread over the prepared firm level
ground of the future path, and afterwards firmly beaten
down to an equal smooth surface. The lime combines with
the other elements and forms a solid cement. The centre of
the path should be rounded a little to allow the water flow
Way readily, and then nothing will interfare with the firm-
ness Of this artificial surface, which requires no keeping in
order or repairing, and constitutes an agreeable promenade,

ln the south of France and in the north of Italy we have
seen another method in operation, which answers well and
forms a sound walk, and is at the same time agreeable to
the eye. It is effected is this Way :

On the properly levelled and rammed, or macadamised
surface, a layer of gravel is spread, the composition of which
varies according to the nature of the geological formation
whence it is obtained. For instance, in most of the towns
Of Italy and the south of France, the hill streams bring
down the blueish water-worn gravel of the carboniferous
system, or à fine gravel of à slaty colour, which is procured
as fine as possible and rolled firmly to prevent it from
slipping under the feet. But instead of filling up the whole
width of the path with this gravel, à watershed is left on
each side, varying in depth according to the general fall of
the ground.

The watercourses on each side of the walk should be
composed of pure Portland cement in cold countries, and
cement mixed with common mortar in temperate climates.
In this cement, before it sets, small (about the size of a
pigeon’s egg) water-washed oval stones are inserted, the
smaller end downwards. These stones prevent the cement
or mortar from frittering away by the rapid course of the
water, and give an ornamental finish to the work.

The edging, which we have supposed to be Box, may
be formed of turf, flowers, ivy or anything else, as
ornamental wood-work, cast-iron or tiles. We can vouch
for the convenience and comfort of walks constructed in
this manner. They may be rather expensive at first. But the
cost will vary according to the material used and the price
of labour; and it is soon repaid, as they require nothing
done to them beyond an occasional sweeping. Besides, they
may be restricted to the flower garden and the immediate
neigbourhood of the dwelling.

We have said nothing of the more sumptuous and costly
walks paved with encaustic tiles ete., believing it of more
general service to point out a moderately cheap and efficient

mode of procedure. -

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 160

159

OXERA PULCHELIT;A.

Oxera pulchella, discovered, named and described by
Labillardière in 1824 as one of the handsomest plants of
New Caledonia, has also been described by Sprengel under
the name of Oncoma pulchellum. It is a charming shrub
belonging to the Verbenaceae, and very little known in
cultivation, although it thrives admirably in the south of
Europe. In the climate of Paris it requires protection in
winter, and thus treated it will produce its flowers at the
latter end of the autumn and in early winter as it does every
year in the gardens of Hamma, Algieïs.

It is a glabrous shrub with rounded, compressed , verru-
cose , elongated, sarmentose branches, slightly thickened at
the joints. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, ovate-oblong,
obtuse, shining, quite entire. Flowers drooping, arranged in

ot

solitary, axillary cymes; peduneles as long as the petioles
and twice or thrice trichotomous ; pedicels long ; bracts large,
foliaceous. Calyx about half an inch Iong, deeply divided
into four oblong, acute lobes. Corolla resembling that of the
purple Fox-glove in shape and size, bulging on the anterior
side ; lobes rounded, oval, obtuse; upper lip pubescent
within. Stamens four, two much exceeding the others and
equalling the style in length.

Its pretty flowers are of à pure white, and are produced
throughhout the whole length of the branches. In winter
it presents a most attractive appearance, fully justifying the
specific name given by Labillardiere to this beautiful New
Caledonian shrub.
E. A.

tt

ON BAMBOOS.

The genus Bambusa belongs to the Gramineae, and its
numerous species are at home in the tropical and temperate
regions of Africa, Asia and America.

Bamboos grow in tufts or spread, producing many stems,
which are reed-like, woody, branching, sometimes arbores-
cent, but varying greatly in dimensions, according to the
species or variety. Those of B. arundinacea frequently attain
a size and strength sufficient for use in building dwellings
of light construction. Others have much smaller stems from
which matting, cordage, etc. are prepared. B. spinosa is
armed with numerous sharp-pointed spines , and forms excel-
lent impenetrable h°dges. The young shoots of some species
are eaten as a vegetable; they are used when quite young
and tender, and just issuing from the ground. On the other
hand, species with creeping rhizomes may be advantage-

‘ously employed to hold together the soil of sand hillocks,
while their stems furnish capital walking canes, whip-
handles, umbrella and parasol sticks, fishing rods, and
numerous other useful articles. Indeed, in the far East,
especially, the applications of the Bamboo are innumerable.

Bamboos may be divided into two distinct sections, based
upon their mode of growth. Some grow in dense tufts, like
B. arundinacea, B. falcata, B. gracilis, B. Hookerae, B.
scriptoria, B. spinosa, B. verticillata ,B. vulgaris and B. vut-
garis vittata. These species make their growth in summer.

The Bamboos forming the second group have underground,
running rhizomes, which throw up stems in all directions,
and quickly take possession of large areas of land. Here
belong B. aurea, B. Metake, B. nigra, B. Simont and B. véridi-
glaucescens. These species make their growth in the spring.

AIT of the Bamboos flourish in Algeria, and grow with

extreme rapidity. In the gardens of Hama, Algiers, 2.
arundinacea forms stems from 45 to 65 feet high, with a
girth of nearly eighteen inches at the base. B. Hookerae
and B. vulgaris, although of vigorous habit, produce de
| derer, less lofty stems. Another species, B. mitis, long known
| in cultivation, and which n0W plays an important part in
industry, as well as in ornamental gardening, in the South of
France, develops stems in our establishment from 30 to 40
feet high with a circumference of about 6 to 8 inches, The
_ rest are smaller in stature than those mentioned.

À

The culture of Bamboos is not diflicult. Nevertheless, to
have them in all their beauty it is necessary to choose a rich,
deep, free, cool, permeable soil; and to be careful to select
suitable situations, according to the requirements of each
species. Thus, for instance, B. arundinacea, B. Hookerae,
B. vulgaris, and B. verticillata need heat, and therefore
they can only be grown with advantage in the warmer parts
of Algeria and similar countries , where they will not be
subject to frost. B. aurea, B. falcata, B. gracitis , B. metake,
B. mitis, B.nigra, B. Simoni and B. viridi-glaucescens, £TOW
equally as well in the hot regions, but in consequence of |
their natural habitats at greater altitudes . they wil succeed
in cooler localities of the Mediterranean region, and bear
several degrees of frost without injury. 2. mitis and B. nigra
are the two species of most importance from a commercial
point of view, and are already spreading widely in the South
of France, :

The Bamboos of the temperate regions succeed perfectly
in the climate of Angers, Nantes, the coast of Brittany
and Normandy, and the south-west of England and Ireland,
In the climate of Paris and London they are grown in isol-
ated clumps on lawns, ete. for ornamental purposes, but it
frequently happens that they are cut down to the ground
by the frosts.

Bamboos with creeping rhizomes may be transplanted at
any time during the winter, preferably in January or
February; but the tufted Species may very well be left
until April. They should be removed straightway from the
nursery beds with à ball of earth , and replanted in their
new destination. While out of the ground their roots should
be protected from the air. Their stems should be freely
pruned and not left very tall , and à copious watering
should immediately follow the planting. Care should be
taken to keep the soil moderately moist, especially in hot
weather, during the first season. |

The stems of Bamboos should not be cut for use before
the end of the third year at the beginning of spring.

(Translated from Catalogue n° 3 of the gardens
of Hamma..)
W. 8. H,

# THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

; 162

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

November, 1874.
— ExniB1Tion AND Pomorocicar ConGRESss IN Horranr.
— We learn that the pomologists of Holland are organising
a Fruit show at Amsterdam in 1875, and that a Pomological

Congress will be held at the same time. The programme

is in course of preparation. À committee of organisation,
| consisting of M° Van Lennep, president, M° J.P. Galesloot,
secretary, and nine ordinary members, drawn from the
foremost men in pomological science in Holland, are busy
making arrangements for the reception of the guests, etc.
We well know the liberal hospitality of the Netherlands.
Itis now just ten years ago that foreign horticulturists
brought away such pleasant memories on the occasion of
the international Exhibition of 1865. We shall return to
this subject again in due time.

— PELARGONIUM SOCIETY OF LONDON. — The following
is the complete Schedule of Prizes offered by this Society
to be competed for at South Kensington, July 21, 1875.
This competition will take place by permission of the Royal
Horticultural Society, and subject to the regulations issued
by the Society.

Class 1. — Twelve distinct varieties of Zonal Pelargoniums,
“ florists” class, , in pots of eight inches in diameter. Open
£ 8 and £ 5.

Class 2. — Twelve distinct varieties of Zonal Pelargoniums,
“ decorative class, , in pots of eight inches in diameter.
Open £ 8 and & 5.

Class 3. — Thirty distinct varieties of Zonal Pelargoniums,
“ irrespective of class, , in pots not exceeding six inches
in diameter. Open £ 6, £. 4. |

Note : — The varieties to be shown in the above classes
are to be of the flowering section , not those with varie-
gated leaves. Class {, designated “ florists’ class ,, is intended
to include only those varieties which have finely-shaped
flowers according to the florists’ model. Class 2 is intended
for profuse-flowering, showy varieties, otherwise known
as hybrid nosegays.

Class 4. — Six ornamental Cape Pelargoniums, dissimilar.
Open , £ 3, £ 2. :

Class 5.— Best hybrid Pelargonium, of distinct character.
Open, £2, £ 1.

Class 6. — Twenty-four Pelargoniums, cut blooms, single
trusses, dissimilar. Open £ 2, £ 1.

Class 7. —— Twelve Pelargoniums, cut blooms, single
trusses, dissimilar. Amateurs. £, 2, LE

Note, — The judges may in their discretion, and subject
to the approval of the committee, award a prize to any
exhibit worthy of particular notice , Which may not be
provided for in the schedule. They may also withhold any
of the above prizes if the exhibit be not of sufficient merit.

Conditions of competition. — It is imperative that every
. Yariety exhibited have conspicuously appended to it its own
ame, together with that of the raiser, such names to be
either printed or distinctly written on a card. — The
- Chiswick Standard , to be adopted in regulating the

sizes of the pots : that is, “ 8-inch pots | measure 8 inches
across and 8 inches deep inside, at a point 1 inch below
the top edge; 6-inch pots in like manner measure 6 inches
in depth and 6 inches in width inside, at an inch below
the edge.

— Monument vo THE Memory or Sikporp. — The
Imperial Royal Horticultural Society of Vienna has started
à subscription with the object of raising a monument to
Von Siebold in his native town of Würzbourg. The repu-
tation of Von Siebold is world-wide, His travels in Japan
and the influence he exercised there in the interests of
Holland are known to everybody, also his numerous valuable
introductions of all sorts, the foundation of the Japanese
museum at Leyden, the publication of the Flora Japonica ,
and his horticultural establishments in Holland and Japan
for the diffusion of Japanese plants. We knew colonel Von
Siebold personally; and we with all other lovers of horti-
culture and botany heartily approve the idea of erecting a
monument to his memory.

— Cneap VaniLLA. — At a recent meeting of the Aca-
démie des Sciences, D' Hoffmann made a communication to
the effect that two of his pupils, Messrs Tiemann and Kar-
mann, had discovered a new substance in the sap of the
Pine, which would replace Vanilla. They have named it
Vaniline, It appears that essence of Vanilla to the value

of £ 4 may be extracted from an adult Pine tree without

injuring it. We shall see what will be the result of this
curious discovery.

— Linpen’s ESTABLISHMENT ON LAKE MAJoR. — M" J. Lin-
den has recently established a branch'business at Pallanza,
Lake Major, in connection with and on the estate of a
celebrated amateur, the Marquis delle Valle de Casanova.
The delightful climate of this country will yield the most
favourable results in the cultivation of many of M' Lin-
den’s new and rare plants.

— Tree NEW ERANTHEMUMS. — Three new species of
this genus recently received at Kew are remarkable for
the beauty and brillant colouring of their foliage. They have
néither of them flowered , and only bear provisional names
given by Messrs. Veitch, who obtained them from the South
Pacific Islands. Great things are said of these three novelties.

— EryrHRiNA PARCELLI. — According to a correspon-
dent of the Gardeners’ Chronicle the plant known under
this name, and sent out this year, is the variety picta of
the Erythrina indica of Linnaeus. This name should there-
fore be corrected, and retained as a synonym of £. indica
picta. The plant is figured in the journal above cited

. 393). ;
Le un AT Farnram CasTze. — This noted
collection was sold on the 17 and 18 of sera last ,
several plants fetching long prices : Dendrochilum oil
£ 25, Angræcum eburneum superbum £ 24, D
Darwsoni £ 17, Dendrobium Kingianum £ 11, etc. The pas-

sion for fine specimens is still rife in England.

163

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE, |

164

RE

— Funaus snow ar ABerDeEex. — This exhibition, which
opened September 17, was a very important one. It included
a special branch of botany and the culture of a class
of plants which we hope to be able to place before our
readers more in detail.

— À Bezcrax Horricurruraz ANNUAL. — We are in-
formed that a publication of this nature is to appear under
the joint editorship of Messrs. Pynaert, Rodigas, Burvenich
and Van Hulle of the State School of Horticulture, Ghent.
The value of such a work will be thoroughly appreciated
by those who use D° Hoggs’ Fearbook; and it could not be
in better hands than those of the gentlemen named.

— Meniniza MaGnrrica. — This grand Melastoma-
ceous plant was recently represented in the Gardeners’
Chronicle (1874, p. 421) by a figure that not only pourtrays
an exceedingly fine specimen, but which is also à master-
piece of wood-engraving by M° Worthington Smith. We
are glad of an opportunity of testifying to the growing
artistic finish this distinguished artist is contributing to
the illustrations of the Gardeners Chronicle. The plant
figured was grown by M° Fairbairn, gardener to M° Terry,
at Peterborough House, Fulham. It was in a twelve-inch pot,
and the spread and height of its branches were about
6 feet 6 inchesyand it bore at one time eighty enormous.
panicles of its splendid rosepink flowers.

— Hormcurruraz CLus IN Lonpox. — A meeting was
recently holden at St-James’s Hall for the purpose of taking

THE WOOLHOPE

À large gathering of botanists and amateurs, forming
the Woolhope club, assembled at Hereford this year (Sept.
29 to Oct. 2) for the purpose of collecting and continuing
the study of the edible and noxious species of this large

family. On Sept. 29, a party left Ludlow for Downton Castle
grounds, where a considerable number of curious species,
including two new to the British flora (Agaricus unicotor
and À. cohaerens) were found.

Amongst others collected were : Cortinarius cinnabarinus,
C. cinnamomeus, Marasmius fatidus, Agaricus obscurus ,
ermineus, nanus and wimarius, Coprinus picaceus, ete. The
following day they discovered : Agaricus euchrous, Cordiceps
alutacea, Spathularia flavida, Ascobolus viridis, Agaricus |
cucumnis, À. plexipes, Peziza repanda, etc. The third day’s
excursion was to Stoke Edith Park, the seat of Lady Emily
Foley. Here were found : Hygrophorus Chrysodon, À garicus
strangulatus ?, Lycoperdon echinatum, Clavaria flaccida ,
Agaricus Pytiodorus, odorus, fragrans k mucidus , MaAPPa ,
inversus, and Hygrophorus calyptræformis.

The trip being over, the members busied themselves during
the evening examining specimens of Fungi sent from all parts,
amongst them à Peziza aurantia 8 ‘ls inches across, Agari-
cus mucidus 6 !/, inches across, Sparassis crispa from Pine

sa

Fe

the preliminary steps in the formation of à Horticultural
Club. The movement is supported by à large number of
the leading men in horticulture, etc., and there appears
every prospect of the project proving successful, an issue
we most cordially wish it.

— Brconra Emme Lesveur. — This beautiful plant also
belongs to the tuberous-rooted section, being the issue of
B. boliviensis fertilised by B. Pearcei. It was raised by
Mr. Nolot. It is a very strong-growing variety, attaining a
height of about thirty inches. Leaves elongated, glaucous,
spotted and nerved brown, 8 to 10 inches long by 2 to 2 ‘4
inches broad. An extremely profuse blooming variety, with
very large bright minium red flowers, nearly three inches
in diameter. It should be treated, like all other tuberous-
rooted,with a period of rest in winter. :

— Orrruany. — It is with feelings of great regret that
we announce the death of a lady of great talent, Mrs. Hooker,
the wife of the learned director of Kew Gardens, who was
suddenly taken from her family on Nov. 13. The deceased
lady was à daughter of the late professor Henslow, and
herself well versed in botanical knowledge and other branches
of learning. She was of great assistance to her husband.
in his multifarious duties, and to her we are indebted for
a good translation of Le Maout and Decaisnes Traité de
Botanique, and other literary labours. We desire to join
with others in our expressions of sympathy with D' Hooker
on his sad bereavement. En. À. and W. B.H.

FUNGUS CLUB.

woods in Shropshire, Agaricus Junonius, A. gloiocephalus,
10 inches high and nearly 18 inches round, Leotia circinans,

Lactarius Controversus, Radulum fagineum, Lactarius vitel-
linus, etc. In England everything finishes with a Homeric

dinner, and the jovial party of Fungologists could not depart

from the old custom. Accordingly they dined off Salmis of
Lycoperdon giganteum, cutlets with Marasmius oreades sauce,
* Vegetable Lamb’s Kidneys , Lactarius deticiosus, and Copri-
7#s SOup, etc., and nobody suffered the slightest inconven-

jence from this peculiar repast.

Garstone Park was visited on the last day (Oct. 2) and
furnished Agaricus jubatus , Carbonarius, and pyidatus,
Coprinus domesticus, Hygrophorus russeo-coriaceus, H. Cole-
Mannianus, Lactarius Controversus, Clavaria rufa, Cantha-
rellus radicosus, etc.

The reading of divers Papers on mycology and profitable
conversations on various topics filled up the time of the
meetings Of this cheerful and instructive club, as we are
informed in Mr. W. Smith's humorous account of the pro-
ceedings. The club shewed its appreciation of the assistance
always so cheerfully accorded by the artist named by pre-
senting him with à suitable and characteristic testimonial.

RAT a
L Hriusraarion Honricous.. >
du cab © lscrorvves . ce Strmmloiannt de Cycur. «4

7. L'arecdars, prune d

%

165 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.
à

rm
mm à

PL. CLXXXVI.

FOURCROYA LINDENTI, 5aco8y.

NAT. ORD. AMARYLLIDEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : Dedicated by Ventenat to the celebrated French chemist Fourcroy.

GENERIC CHARACTER: perigonium superum, corollace

um, hexaphvyll : :
foliolis oblongis, multinerviis, subaequilongis, patentibus, pelaliile ra é er nn en (Zuoc.) (deciduum Exp. ;
inserta (Zu00.) (epigyna Expc), perigonio breviora, subaequalia, erecta. Filamenta subulata, inferne -stru
distincta, in alabastro recta, persistentia. Antherae lineari oblongae biloculares loculis biloccllatie (Zoe)
dorso medio affixae, mobiles interne secundum longitudinem dehiscentes. Ovarium eee: cobte
loculis crebra, angulo interno per duas series affixa, horizontalia
incrassata et triquetra, fistulosa, stamina superans, persistens, Sfigma obtusum

Stamina sex, fundo floris

» trigonum, vix trilobum, perforatum fimbriatum
loculicido-trivalvis. Semina in loculis crebra, biseriata

dense spiraliter disposita, e basi semivaginante longissima, angusta, Coriacea, saepe pungentia, margine dentato spinosa vel iner-

mia. Scapus centralis, erectus, altissimus, Pañiculato-ramosus, multiflorus, bracteatus, saepe bubillifer. Flores pedunculati , fasci-

culati, penduli, in ramulis racemoso-dispositi, virescenti-albi vel flavidi, pedunculis cum flore articulatis, basi bracteolatis.
Fourcroya (Furcraed), Ventenat, in Usteri Annal. XIX, 511,

Charact. ex Kunth. Enum. PI, V. 839.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : acaulis : folia radicalia caespitosa primum Curvato-patula, mox arrecta rigida, 1 et ultra longa, ad -
medium 12-15 cent. lata, lineari-lanceolata acuminata apice canaliculato-pungentia, inferne angustata, ima basi breviter dilatato
amplexantia, glabra, nervosa, dentata (dentibus marginalibus remotis singulis v. geminis albis acumine incurvato v. decurvato rubes-
cente, superne raris v. deficientibus), viridia, nitida, marginibus eleganter albo-vittata; flores.... — In valle fluminis Caucae prope
Cali Novo-Granatensium. — 1868. — V. y. in h. Lindeniano. — E, A. .

Fourcroya Lindeni, Jacoby, in Lind. Catal.

This magnificent plant is one of the few introduced from
tropical America with leaves variegated in the natural state.
It is à native of the province of Cauca (N. Grenada), where
it was discovered in 1868, in the valley of Cali. Only a small
number of plants was found, and these were forwarded to
Mr. Linden. We have not yet seen the flowers, though the
leaves which served for our description exceed à yard in
length.

The beautiful erect habit of this species, together with its
elegant bordered leaves, after the manner of a Dracaena,
render it a decorative plant of the first order, which it is

-desirable to see widely spread in the temperate conserva-

tories of Europe.
E. A.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

This society’s autumn exhibition was held in St. George’s
Hall, and an extremely fine display of Chrysanthemums
and fruit was brought together. Liverpool stands second
to no place in regard to Chrysanthemum culture. We borrow
the following particulars from the Gardeners’ Chronicle.

For six naturally grown large-flowered Chrysanthemums
Mr. Morris, gardener to John Robinson, Esq., was first with
à very good lot, the plants just sufficiently tied to prevent
them having a Stragoling appearance. They were strong,
and well clothed with healthy leaves, the flowers thinned
SO as to get them up large and full, carrying about an
average of a dozen and a half blooms each.

For six large-flowered varieties trained low, Mr. Brown,
Sardener to James Fletcher, Esq., was first'with a beau-
tifully flowered group, well furnished with glossy green
foliage, the best being Lady Talford (white) unequalled
for pot Culture, Mrs. J. Rundle and Jersey Nugget.

For three large-flowered varieties, Mr. Phythian, gardener

to J.R. Pattinson, Esq., was first with Pink Perfection,
Mrs. G Rundie and Prince Atfrea. The former is a fine
sort, having that indispensable property for pot culture,
an ability to perfect a considerable number of flowers. In
Mr. Wilson's three, which were second, was a beautiful
example of the fine white Virgin Queen.

For a single plant of any large-flowered variety, Mr. Whit-
field was first with the pale golden-yellow Guernsey Nugget:
and Mr. Wilson second with Mrs. Rundie.

The competition for six Pompons was very close. Mr. Phy-
thian was first, staging beautiful examples of the white and
lilac forms of Cedo Nulli with Aigle d'Or, Aurora Borealis,
Sir J. Paxton and Amy.

The competition in cut blooms of Chrysanthemum was
also very keen. The following are some of the best varieties :
Empress of India, Queen of England, Jardin des Plantes,
Atfred Saîter, Princess of Wales, White Venus, Lady Har-
dinge, Novelty, and John Salter. W,B.H.

”

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 168

PL. CLXXXVII.

DRACAENA («orDYLINE), TROUBETZKOIÏ, LINDEN ET ANDRÉ.
Nar. On. ASPARAGINEAE.

ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER, see 171. Hort. under plate CLXIII.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : affinis Drac. Reginae et albicanti; caulis arboreus, simplex v. Dos, [ue permulta, assur-
gentia, petiolata, late ovato-lanceolata, apice breviter acuminata acuta, basi in Lg a D “um semi-clausum decurrentia,
late viridia, niveo-marginata sparsimque maculata; flores...: — Crescit in insulis (?) Oceani meridionalis. — In hort. Lind. Gandav.

allata, anno 1872. — Ad viv. desc. haud flor. — Ed. A.

Dracaena (Cordyline) Troubetzkoi, Lind. et And., sp. nov.

This handsome Dracaena is one of the latest introductions |

from the Melanesian Islands. It was sent to Mr. Linden
in 1872. It is named in honour of Prince Troubetzkoy, a
distinguished amateur of horticulture, who possesses a
charming estate at Intra, Lake Major, where the rarest
and most beautiful plants luxuriate in a delicious climate.

This species belongs to the section having a robust dwarf
habit of growth. It is intermediate between D. Regina and
albicans, but it is more slender than the former, and much

more ornamental than the lafter, with its rich marginal

bands of beautiful white running down the wings of the
petiole, and appearing here and there on the blade in the
form of elegant blotches.

Besides, the whole attraction of these plants is centred

in their foliage. Like many other species and varieties of
this genus, which has become so confused since the nu-
merous introductions from the Pacific Islands, its flowers
are unknown. The botanists who ventures to attempt to
reduce this chaos to order will have à difficult task; but the
time has not yet come to think of such a thing. For this
purpose it will be necessary to collect as many as possible
of the forms in cultivation, arrange them âccording to their
habitats and study not only their mode of growth and
foliage, but also their flowers and fruits. |

It will be understood that although we employ the name
Dracaena for horticultural purposes , we are perfectly aware
that this and allied species really belong more properly to
Cordytine. E. A.

‘THE KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD.

CUCUMBER DUKE OF EDINBURGH.

This fine new variety was raised by Messrs. Daniels
brothers of Norwich, who sent it out last season.
It is remarkable for its hardiness and extreme*produc-

lenght of 107 fruits grown by him was 248 feet, or an
average of 32 inches each fruit. The colour of the fruit'is
bright green almost up to maturity, and the spines are

tiveness, as well as the enormous size of its fruit, which
attains a length of upwards of three feet. Mr. Abbot, an
eminent grower of Cucumbers, calculates that the total

pearly white. It is of first-rate quality, and like the « Mar-
quis of Lorne » may be pronounced one of the best varie-
ties in cultivation. |

ORNAMENTAL GARDENING.
CATTLEYA GIGAS IN ENGLAND ‘

A very handsome specimen of this noble species intro-
duced and named by Mr. Linden, and described by us (Zu.
hort., 1870, p. 70 & 122), has recently flowered in the collection
of Lord Londesborough at Norbiton, thanks to the care of
his able gardener, Mr. Denning. The plant was considered
worthy of a beautiful woodeut in the Gardeners’ Chronicle
(p. 617) due to the pencil of Mr. W. Smith. We also find
some notes on the culture of this species by Mr. Denning
himself, which will not be without interest to orchid growers.

This plant, like most other Cattleyas, requires a consid-
erable amount of heat to grow it satisfactorily, especially
during the summer months, say about 70° by night to 85e
by day. When the short days come On, about the end of
October, a night temperature of about 58 will suffice, with
a rise, by fire heat, to 65° by day, allowing an additional
rise Of 10° by sunshine. It will grow well on blocks of

rough-barked Hawthorn or Pear, or if not procurable, very
fibrous peat may be substituted to pot in, taking care that
the pot is rather small for the plant, for if over-potted,
it should ever get too wet, and its roots would quickly
perish. This Species, like C. Dowiana, is very delicate in
its root action, and must never have a mass of material
unless very great care is used in watering. The atmosphere
on the other hand should he kept as moist as possible.

. Under such conditions this splendid plant will carry as
Many as nine flowers on one pseudo bulb, each flower about
eight inches broad , conspicuous by the two large pale yellow
crescent-shaped spots at the mouth of the throat, from which
radiate golden yellow rays, and the extraordinary richness
of the crimson labellum, on a deep rose pink ground.

E. À.

Elu Ch 7. C'incen publ ,
"4 #
Do Lin <
04e L : Stroobant. à Gand

‘PC letlannemaeker, at nat. pi? horte nt

J Lénden , pui

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

PL. CLXXXVII.

CLAVIJA RODEKIANA,

NAT. ORD. THEOPHRASTEAE.

LINDEN ET ANDRÉ.

D 097: Mamed af Clarijo Faso, so naturalist, and translator of Buffon
GENERIC CHARACTER : Calyx profunde quinquefidus, laciniis ;
appendices carnosas cum limbi quinquelobi laciniis obtusis, i
mina 5, imo corollae tubo inserta, faucem vix superantia
in capitulum decemradiatum conniventes,

cotyledonibus ovatis, planis, radicula infera. — Frutices Americae tropicaë, caule simplici, apice frondoso foliis alternis, oblongis
, ] h L
folio brevioribus, bracteis minutissimis ,

Clavija, Ruiz et Pavon, Prodr. 124, t. 36.

Theophrastae spec. Lin, Gen. 207.

Eresia, Plumier, Gen. 8.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : arbor erecta, simplicicaulis, trunco rufo rugoso; folia ad apicem caulis v. ramorum congesta
subverticillata, glaberrima, nervosa, 40-50 cent. longa, 10-15 lata, elongata obovato-oblongä acuta integerrima, basi longe attenuata,
nitide-viridia subtus glaucescentia, petiolo brevissimo (1-2 cent. longo) basi crassiusculo, nigrescente, laminae marginibus subun-
dulatis, costa supra vix elevata, subtus prominentissima augustata, nervis pennatis suhparallelis cum nervulis retiformibus ante
marginem anastomosantibus; flores in racemis axillaribus nutantibus permultis dispositi, breviter pedicellati, rhachi filiformi
rufescente tomentelloso, pedicellis basi bractea minuscula acuta praeditis; calycis sublanati lobi 5 suborbiculati marginibus mem-
branaceis; corolla rosacea (5 mill. diam.) lobis 5 sepalis duplo majoribus rotundatis patulis cochleatis glabris aurantiacis marginibus

eroso-fimbriatis, drupa…. — Crescit in sylvis prope J'uncam in Andibus Bogotensibus (Nova-Granata) et in ejusdem reipublicae
provincia dicta Antioquia. — Legit primus el. Triana, annis 1851-57 : in hort. Lind, vivam allata, 1871. — Ad. viv. dese, — E, A.

Clavija Rodekiana, Linden et André, sp. nov.
Theophrasta Rodekiana, Lind. Cat,

This new species is a native of New-Grenada, and is dedi-
cated by us to Mr. E. Rodek, an intelligent amateur of
gardening in Vienna. Its first discovery dates from the time
of the chorographic exploration of N. Grenada, when Mr.
Lriana found it near Junca, in the Andes of Bogota, about
1650 feet above the level of the sea. We were so fortunate
as to find an authentic unnamed specimen of it among the

dried Colombian plants given by Mr. Triana to the Paris
Museum. Living plants were received by Mr, Linden in 1871,
from the province of Antioquia.

This will prove a remarkable addition to the genus, the
species of which require a careful revision, most of them
having being sent out under the incorrect name of 7heo-

phrasta. E. A.

MS TEITEITIONS.

EXHIBITION OF THE

This Flower, Fruit and Vegetable Show was held on Oct. 14,
and was far superior to what might hare been expected
_af so late a season.

The prize of honour, a set of Sèvres vases, was accorded
à to Messrs, Baltet brothers, of Troyes, for a magnificent col-
: lection Of fruits, comprising 220 varieties of Pear, 100 varie-
tes of Apple, and some new seedling Pears, of which we
Can Say no more at present, as they were still unnamed.

Messrs. Croux and Sons of Aulnay, near Sceaux, gained
à gold medal for à collection of fruits very nearly equal
. quality 40 the preceding, and even more numerous in
Yaneties, These gentlemen also exhibited an unnamed new
seedling Pear, raised from the Doyenné d'hiver, of enorm-
US size, and, it is said, of excellent quality.

; here were several other collections of fruits, nearly all
.# them good, and mostly containing superb specimens,

SOCIÉTÉ CENTRALE DE PARIS.

attesting the superiority of the French system of culture
in this useful branch of gardening.

The show of vegetables was exceedingly fine, an unusual
i tance in Paris. ;
mere varieties of Potatos exhibited by Mr. Chouvet,
rue du Pont neuf, Paris, were well grown, and what is

urately named.
sr ee were not numerous, but they included
ting exhibits We may mention the double-
egonias , sent by Mr. Lemoine of Nancy,
which we shall notice in another place, and the seedling Ges-
neriaceae shown by Mr. Vallerand of Bois-Colombes : _—.
amongst which were some hybrids between Scia-
, very curious and remarkable plants

some interes
flowered tuberous B

et-Oise,
docalyæ and T: ydaea

eat 1 l ering.
of great interest for winter flowering .

L

171

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. ii

CARNIVOROUS -PEANTS.

We have received from D° Hooker, the director of Kew
Gardens, a pamphlet which has caused some noise in bota-
nical circles. It treats of those extraordinary organisms of
the vegetable kingdom, in which it is believed that functions
have been discovered identical with the digestive process
in beings belonging to the animal kingdom.

Indeed, they have received the appellation of carnivorous
plants.

For some time past this question has occupied the minds
of scientific men in England. As an open partisan of the trans-
mutation theory, of which Darwin has made himself the
champion, D' Hooker, has submitted the curious members
of the vegetable kingdom called pitcher-plants to a new
series of experiments. The real physiological import of the
fly-catching organs of these plants was still undefined.
He communicated the results of his investigations in an
inaugural address to the members of the British Associa-
tion at the meeting at Belfast in August last, and gave
a summary of the actual position of our knowledge on
this subject. The following is an epitome of D' Hooker’s
paper :

Various observers have described with more or less accu-
racy the habits of such vegetable sportsmen as the Sun-dew,
the Venus’ Fly-trap and the Pitcher plants, but few have
inquired into their motives; and the views of those who
have most accurately appreciated these have not met with
that general acceptance which they deserved. Quite recently
the subject has acquired a new interest, from the researches
of M' Darwin into the phenomena which accompany the
placing of albuminous substances on the leaves of Drosera
and Pinguicula, and which, in the opinion of a very emi-
nent physiologist, prove, in the case of Dionaea, that this
plant digests exactly the same substances, and in exactly the
same way, that the human stomach does.

About 1768, Ellis, a well known English naturalist,
sent to Linnæus a drawing of a plant to which he gave the
poetical name of Dionaea. He added a description of this
_ remarkable insect-trap, and expressed an opinion that the
plant extracted nourishment from the captured insect. But

For about a century the history of the plant was very
little advanced. Sixty years after Linnæus wrote, Dr Curtis
of Wilmington (North Car olina) published the following accu-
rate scientific observatious : — “ Each half of the leaf is a
little concave on the inner side, where are placed three

when the two sides suddenly Collapse and enclose the prey

effort to escape. The
fringe of hairs of the opposite sides of a leaf interlace like
the fingers of two hands clasped together, The sensitive-

ness, resides only in these hair-like processes, as the leaf
may be touched or pressed in any other part without sens-
ible effects.

In 1868 an American botanist, Mr. Clanby, while staying
in the Dionaea district, studied the habits of the plant pretty
carefully. His first idea was that the leaf had the power
of dissolving animal matter, which was then allowed to flow
along the trough-like petiole to the root, thus furnishing
the plant with highly nitrogenous food, By feeding the leaves
with beef he found, however, that it was completely dissolved
and absorbed; the leaf opening again with a dry surface,
and ready for another meal, though no longer as active.
He found that cheese disagreed horribly with the leaves ,
turning them black, and finally killing them. He also de-
scribes the futile attempts of the Cureutio to escape.

From experiments undertaken by Dr. Sanderson at the
instigation of Mr. Darwin it was proved to demonstration
that when a leaf of Dionaea contracts, the effects produced
are precisely similar to those which occur when muscle
contracts, thus exhibiting another property believed to be
peculiar to the animal kingdom.

The Sun-dews possess similar properties although in a
less degree. In 1780, Dr. Whateley, an English surgeon,
observed that their leaves closed up and imprisoned insects.
Roth had also observed the same phenomenon, though he
did not publish it till later. An ant placed by him on the
leaf of D. rotundifolia was seized by the contracting hairs,
and drowned in the glutinous fluid secreted by the glands
in the space of fifteen minutes.

These facts were for a long time disputed and derided,
but renewed investigations within the last fifteen years by
Nitschke, Miss Treat, Darwin, Burnett and others have
served to verify them. It has even been observed that the
leaves would retain insects, but reopened if they were
deceived by substituting some mineral substance for the
organic. :

The Sarracenias or Pitcher-plants of North America exhi-
bit the same faculties. The first fact observed about their
pitchers was that when they grew they contained water.

In 1829 Burnett wrote a paper containing a good many
original ideas, in which he very strongly insisted on the
existence of à true digestive process in the case of Sarracenia
analogous to that which takes place in the stomach of an
animal. There are two very different types of pitcher in
Sarracenia, and probably three. These may be primarily
classified into those with the mouth open and the lid erect,
and which consequently receive the rain water in more or
less abundance; and those with the mouth closed by the lid
into which the rain can hardly, if at all, find ingress. The
observations of Drs. M° Bride and Mellichamp have enlight-
ened botanists considerably on the physiology of Sarracenia
variolaris, indicating the presence of honey-secreting glands
that attract the insects which are detained in the pitcher by
deflexed hairs, and the more they struggle to free themselves,
the more hopelessly they become entangled. The water con-
taned in the pitcher is also noxious to insects, which has
been proved by immersing then in pure water and this fluid.

The tissues of the internal surfaces of the pitchers are sin-

173

gularly beautiful. They have been described in one species
only, the S. purpurea, by Auguste Vogl; but from this,
Dr. Hooker says, all other species which he has examined
differ materially. Beginning from the upper part of the
pitcher, there are four surfaces, which he defines as follows :

1. An attractive surface, occupying the inner surface of
the lid, which is covered (in common with the mouth of the
pitcher) with minute honey-secreting glands; and is more
highly coloured than any other part of the pitcher:; in order
to attract insects to the honey.

2, A conducting surface, which is opaque, formed of glossy
cells, which are produced into deflexed, short, conical,
spinous processes, forming a surface down which an insect
slips, and affording no foothold to an insect attempting to
crawl up again.

3. À glandular surface, (seen in S. Durpurea) which occu-
pies a considerable portion of the cavity of the pitcher below
the conducting surface. I$ is studded with glands, and has
a polished surface, thus also affording no foothold for
escaping insects.

4. A detentive surface, which occupies the lower part
of the pitcher, or sometimes nearly its whole length. It
possesses no cuticle, and is covered with deflexed , rigid,
glass-like needle-formed striated haïrs, which further con-
verge towards the axis of the diminishing cavity, thus
electually preventing the egress of an insect. It is very
curious that in S. purpurea, which has an open pitcher, so
formed as to receive and retain a maximum of rain, n0 honey

secretion has hitherto been found, nor has any water been

seen to be secreted.

Darlingtonia californica , an allied plant, still more pecu-
liar in its structure, offers analogous properties. D' Hooker
afirms that its brilliant colours serve to attract insects
which fertilize the flowers and enter the pitchers where
they perish. Speaking of the pitchers of this plant he
says : “ [ cannot dismiss Darlingtonia without pointing out
to you what appears to me a most curious point in its
history, which is, that the change from the slender, tubu-
lar, open mouthed, to the inflated, closed-mouthed pitchers,
is absolutely sudden in the individual plant. This, a matter
of no little significance in itself, derives additional inte-
rest from the fact that the young pitchers, to a certain
degree, represent those of the Sarracenias with open mouths
and erect lids, and the old pitchers those of the Sarrace-
uias with closed mouths and globose lids, a marvellously
significant fact in the view of those morphologists who
hold the doctrine of evolution. ,

Nepenthes, a genus comprising thirty chiefly tropical spe-
ces, belongs to the same category. Their pitchers are not
transformed leaves as in the Sarracenias, but an append-
age Of the leaf developed at its tip, and answer to à
Vater-secreting gland that is seen terminating the mid-rib
of the leaf of certain plants. The interior of the pitcher
presents three principal surfaces; an attractive, conduct-
îve and à secretive surface. The detentive surface of the
Sarracenia is represented by the fluid secretion, which is
here invariably present at all stages of growth of the
pitcher.

To test the digestive flowers of Mepenthes, D' Hooker
fed the pitchers with white of egg, raw meat, fibrine and

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

174

——_————

Re = pee nnmneannne

Cartilage. In all cases, we are told, the action was most

evident , in some surprising. After twenty-four hours’ im-
Mersion the edges of the cubes of white of egg are eaten
dec à and the surfaces gelatinised. Fragments of meat are
rapidly reduced, and pieces of fibrine weighing several
grains dissolve and totally disappear in two or three days.
With cartilage the action is the most remarkable of all:
Jumps Of this weighing 8 and 10 grains are half gelatinised
in twenty-four hours, and in three days the whole mass
1S greatly diminished, and reduced to a clear transparent
Jelly. In the cases of small pieces of meat, ‘/,—2 grains,
all seem to be absorbed ; but with 8—10 grains of cartilage
it is not so, a certain portion disappears, the rest remains
as à transparent jelly, and finally becomes putrid, but not
until after many days. In the case of cartilage placed in fluid
taken from the pitcher it becomes putrid, but not so soon
as if placed in distilled water, Insects appear to be acted
upon somewhat differently, for after several days immer-
sion of a large piece of cartilage, D° Hooker found that
a good-sized cockroach which had followed the cartilage
and was drowned for his temerity, in two days became
putrid. On removing the cockroach the cartilage remained
inodorous many days. In this case no doubt, the antiseptic
fluid bad permeated the tissue of the cartilage, whilst
enough did not remain to penetrate the chitinous hard cov-
ering of the insect, which consequently decomposed, Com-
paring the action of fibrine, meat and cartilage placed in
tubes of Nepenthes fluid with others in distilled water, it
was observed that their disintegration is three times more
rapid in the fluid; but this disintegration is wholly dif-
ferent from that effected by immersion in the fluid of the
pitcher of the living plant.

It is probable that other carnivorous plants exist. Delpino
thinks that Caltha dionæfolia, Hook, possesses this property;
and we might add that Apocynum androsæmifolium , large
flowers of several Aristolochias, ete., Aroids, etc., probably
have similar functions, though less developed. If the action
of insects attracted towards flowers by their colours and
odours is limited to ensuring their fertilisation, wherefore
these hairs and traps on the inner surface on the perianth,
which seize and hold them after they are dead ?

Itis true that other botanists of note, Mr. Duchartre and
also Prof. Parlatore, for instance, with whom we had some
conversation on this subject recently at Florence, do not accept
this new theory, and believe that a wrong interpretation
has been put upon these curious facts. Prof. Parlatore
thinks that the organs which capture the insects have no
other object than the protection of the flower from injury
during impregnation. Just as hairs, thorns, spines, down,
scales, ete., are defensive organs only, to the objects of
which very little attention has hitherto been paid, so
are the pitchers with their remarkable arrangements, pro-
visions for the protection of the plant, and especially the
inflorescence, from the depredations of insects.

If D' Hooker’s conclusions are not universally accepted
they have many adherents, and they will at least serve the

awaiting the publication of Mr. Darwins new work
purpose, (awai 8 ca : ; Se
on the subject), of inducing physiologists of submitting ”
renewed investigations one of the most Curious 1e Fa .
vegetable life. Le

PT nd Grtt

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 1e

175

D° Mec. Nab has been experimenting on the movement of
water in the stems of plants. His results have recently been
published in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy,
1874. We simply give his deductions :

That under favourable circumstances, a rate of ascent of
40 inches per hour can be obtained.

That, contrary to the generally received opinion, direct
experiment has shown that the upward rapid current of
water does not cease in the evening.

That checking the transpiration for a short time, by pla-
cing the branch in darkness, does not materially retard
the rapid current of water.

In Dr. Ascherson’s report on the vegetation of the Lybian
Desert, published in the Botanische Zeitung, there are some
interesting notes on the fall and renewal of the leaves of
deciduous trees, In our climate we have little difficulty in
understanding the distinction between evergreen and de-
ciduous trees and shrubs, because the greater part of
those that change their leaves cast the old ones in autumn
or early winter; and evergreens with flat leaves have them
more or less coriaceous. But even with us there is a gra-
dual transition from evergreen to deciduous through Æ0-
nymus europaeus and Ligustrum vulgare, both of which
have strictly evergreen congeners in Euonymus. japonicus
and Ligustrum japonicum. Some few years ago Hoffmann
started a theory that sempervirence could be artificially pro-
duced, and there is no doubt that climate influences to a
great extent the length of the period during which really
deciduous species hold their foliage; but it appears far more
probable that these are physiological peculiarities not alto-
gether dependent upon climate, as we find evergreen and
deciduous species growing in the same regions and under
precisely similar conditions. Some evergreens do not change
their leaves at all, and even retain them for many years or
all their lifetime; Araucaria imbricata, for example. Taxo-
dium distichum, one of the few deciduous Coniferæ, offers a
very curious phenomenon, inasmuch as the ultimate branch-
lets are deciduous. The observations chronicled by Dr.
Ascherson agree almost entirely with our own experience.
On his outward journey he traversed 25° of latitude in less
than a month, which gave him an excellent opportunity for
studying the conditions of the same species under very
diverse climates. Thus, for instance, in the plains of Lom-
bardy many deciduous trees, and especially Morus atba, were
still partially covered with foliage on the 19th of November
the same species having long previously shed their lee
in Germany. In à similar manner, the Fig trees in Lower
Egypt (31° N. lat.) were partially clothed with foliage at the
beginning of December, and in Upper Egypt (27° N.) were
Still in full leaf, whilst already, on the 24th of November
they were quite bare in the Apulian Plain (41° N.). On the
11th of December, the Pomegranate trees in the gardens of
Siout were in yellow leaf ; ’

: yellow leaf, and on New Years Day, 1874, the
Apricot trees at Farafreh were still in their nr: :

er prime of

leaf. Hence, one might readily imagi RÉ e

ÿ imagme that on approaching

nearer the equator these same species would exhibit no in-

terval between the fall and the renewal of the foliage, and

thus, to all intents and purposes , become evergreen. But this

THE MOVEMENT OF WATER IN PLANTS.

That the removal of the cortical tissues does not impede
the rapid current in the stem which moves only; hrough
the wood portion of the fibro-vascular bundles.

That a well-marked rapid flow of fluid will take place
in the stem after the removal of the leaves.

The fluid will rapidly flow downwards as well as upwards
in the wood portion of the fibro-vascular bundles, as seen
in à branch in which lithium solution was applied at the top.

That pressure of mercury does not exert any very mark-
ed influence on the rapidity of the flow, in the one expe-
riment made with a pressure of 110-53 grammes of mercury.

FALL AND RENEWAL OF THE LEAF.

phenomenon was only verified in the case of the little cul-
tivated Peach trees of the oases, in which it may not be
constant. Moreover, the Peach tree shows the same tendency
in mild seasons with us. In the oases, at the beginning of
March, when thé trees began to blossom and make new
growth, the old leaves were still fresh and capable of assimi-
lation. All other deciduous trees and shrubs cultivated in the
gardens of Kasr Dghakel (25° 45’ N. lat.) including the
Grape Vine, Apricot, Apple, Pomegranate, Plum, Fig,
Maulberry and Willow (Saliæ safsaf), had lost their foliage on
the arrival of Dr. Ascherson, or became leafless before the
end of January. It should be mentioned that the fall of the
leaf in this region does not proceed with the same regularity
as at home, for it is not unusual to see quite naked and fully.
clothed trees of the same species standing side by side. Again,
the presence of abundance of moisture has the effect of enabl-
ing the trees to carry their old foliage longer, and put forth
their new earlier, than trees growing in drier situations. And
some of the Willows growing by water were quite evergreen ;
that is, after the manner of the Peach trees mentioned above.
But the Apricot, one of the most: abundant trees, rarely
retained even à few scattered old leaves on the appearance
of the flowers. The same yas observed of the Grape Vine,
Fig, and Mulberry. By Feb, 20 the Apricot trees were in full
blossom, and by March 10 in full foliage, so that there was
only an interval of four or five weeks between the fall of the
old foliage and complete development of the new. The Apple
and Plum behaved in à similar manier, the Pomegranate
was a little later, the F ig next in order, and finally the Mul-
berry; whilst the same things , in the reverse sense, lost their
leaves first. From the preceding notes it seems that the fall
and renewal of the leaf is an essential constitutional peculia-
rity, which is modified by climatic conditions, but not entirely
subject to them. A more striking illustration of this fact

_ May be found in exotic deciduous trees planted in Egypt.

ea Ascherson noted more particularly the summer fall of
; du O Poinsettia pulcherrima, a South American
SUD, and Alizzia lebbex, a native of the East Indies. The

former is in the full Splendour of its inflorescence in Decem-

ber, and quite leafless in April, remaining so, it is said, until
the autumn. The Albizzia is extensively planted as an avenue
Le It sheds its foliage in April, but soon renews it. Both of

ese plants lose their leaves in their native countries during
the dry, and renew them with the opening of the rainy season.
(Extracted from “ Maure » Dec. 17, 1874.)

RE RS SR AC

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE

., THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

—.
=}
Le #

Li

es

December, 1874.

— Îrazx AND COMMERCE 1N PLanTs. — To guard against
the possible introduction of the Phyttoxera into Italy, the
Italian government has issued an order prohibiting the
entry of all foreign fruit trees whatsoever into that country.
This is an exceedingly vexatious restriction, overshooting
the mark altogether, as the PAylloxera only attacks the
Grape Vine. But we are informed that a concession has been
made at the instance of pressing demands, and plants are
now permitted to be sent, if accompained by a certificate
to the effect that the packages contain no vines and that the
Phyloæera is not known in the district whence the plants
come. The remedy is insufficient, and a simple declaration
that the packages contain no vines would answer all needful
purposes. We trust that an order so detrimental to nurse-
rymen and others will be reconsidered.

— THE PorTaro TINEA. — The appearance of a fresh

© Potato scourge has recently been signalised in Algeria. It

is à Caterpillar, recognised by Mr. Boisduval as a Tinea,
and probably a new species. This grub eats its way through

. the tubers, depositing its excrement as it goes, causing them

to rot, and affected tubers are rejected even by cattle.
Mr. Riviere laïd the facts before the Société centrale d'Hor-
ticulture in August last. Mr. Bossin suggested that the insect
might possibly be destroyed, if it does not appear until
after the crop is taken up, by placing the Potatoes in a close
room and burning flowers of sulphur, the fumes of which
will kill the Potato fungus, Botrytis infestans.

— ApianTum Farzeyense. — This queen of hot-house
ferns was represented at the last exhibition at Liverpool by
a magnificent specimen due to the skill of Mr. Cromwell,
gardener to T. Moss, Esq. It was six feet in diameter, and
formed an elegant waving mass of plumes, in the highest

_ degree effective. We, like the editor of the Jouwrnat of Hor-

ticulture, from whom we borrow this item of news, should
be glad to receive a few notes from Mr. Cromwell respecting
the method of treatment adopted to attain such perfection.

— Avwoxnerroz Warer Liiy, — According to the Bul-
letin d'Arboricutture, Mr. Balansa has recently sent to Mr.
Durieu de Maisonneuve, of Bordeaux, seeds of a splendid
new aquatic plant, before which even the Victoria regia
itself must pale. Mr. Linden has also obtained a few seeds,
which he will sow in the spring. We await the confirmation
of this purported discovery in Paraguay with considerable
impatience,

— Ibex ro TRE Propromus. — ‘The last part of the

Index of De Candolle’s Prodromus by Mr. Bück is published.
Address G. Masson, libraire à Paris, place de l’École de
Médecine.
_— Proressor Meissner’s Lrsrary. — The immense col-
lection of books brought together by the late Professor of
Botany at Basel, Switzerland, is to be sold. Catalogues may
be had on application to M. Georg, bookseller, Basel.

— Narpys psraguismmenT AT Hyeres. — We learn that

. Mr. Nardy has founded a horticultural establishment in this

town, more especially for seed growing, which is both easy
and profitable on account of the exceptionally favourable
Climatal conditions of the place. The title of the firm is Nardy
and C°, “ In the interests of science and horticulture, a
* Considerable space, we are informed by the cireular of
» these gentlemen, will be gratuitously devoted to experi-
+ Ments in naturalisation of any new plants of which seeds.
* May be entrusted to us by botanists, horticulturists, bota-
* niC gardens, agricultural or horticultural societies. The
, history of the progress of all seeds received in this way
» Will be regularly forwarded to those interested, » We
know Mr. Nardy sufficiently well to have confidence in the
promises that all trials will be conducted with great care
and perseverance.

— PRUNUS SINENSIS AND P. JAPONICA. — In a recent
number of the Revue Horticote Mr. Carriere seeks to throw
some light upon the characteristics of these two species,

frequently confounded or incorrectly named in gardens, P.

sinensis is distinguished by its slender branches having a
reddish bark, shortly petiolate lanceolate, scabrous, shortly-
toothed leaves from 2 to 3 inches long and about 6 lines
broad, flowers in April, flowers 2—3 borne together, pedicel-
late, sepals oval, reflexed after expansion, petals oval hooded,
clawed, distant, white tinged with piuk. The fruit which
ripens towards the end of August, is spherical, about half
an inch in diameter, with a broad shallow suture, umbilicate
at the top, flesh tinted, free, of an agreable flavour, stone
nearly spherical mucronulate, traversed by three furrows.
This plant was sent by Mr. Simon from China to ‘the Botanic
Gardens of Paris in 1865. The variety with double flowers
has existed there ever since 1852. It should not be confoun-
ded with P. japonica which differs in well-marked characters,
amongst others the fruit is not more than half the size, and
it is furnished with an elongated mucro at the top. These
two charming shrubs are valuable for the open air, but more
particularly for forcing, on account of the profusion and
elegance of their handsome double flowers, borne in small
clusters all along the branches in early spring.

AGAVES IN THE OPEN AIR. — Ît is not s0 generally
known as it might be that the American Agaves will succeed -
in the open air of the warmer parts of the kingdom with
very slight precautions. Two years ago a fine plant of Agave
Satmiana which had been standing out of doors several
years flowered at le Pecq, near Paris. To protect it from the
rigours of winter it was simply housed in with boards. This
season, a specimen of À. americana has flowered in the
garden of Mr. Bouley, also at le Pecq. It has been planted
out ever since 1861. The circumference of its foliage was
18 feet and the height of the flower scape about 26 feet.

_ New srecxes or Diprenocarpus. — Mr. Vesque pub-
lished some species of Dipterocarpus, the types of which

| were furnished by Mr. Beccari, in the Comptes-rendus de

Académie des Sciences, (t. 78, pp. 625-627, March 2, 1874):
and Professor Thiselton Dyer unfortunately published some

179

of the same species as new in a revision of the genus , ae
appeared in the Journal of Botany (April, 1874). On the
other hand some of Mr. Vesque’s species are anticipated by
Hooker’s Flora Indica. In the Journal of Botany for May,
Prof. Dyer publishes some remarks on the subject, ur
which of his species fall to those of Mr. Vesque and vice-
versé. There still remains something to be done in this
family, for we recently (November 20) brought specimens of
several new species, of Dipterocarpus from Florence for the
Paris Museum, which likewise were collected by Beccari.
They will be published shortly, as Mr. Beccari himself 1s
engaged in preparing the materials for a general work.

— Osrruary. — Mr. Shuttleworth, an English botanist,
who has resided in Provence and Switzerland for some years
past, has lately died. His library and his dried plants will
be sold altogether. For information address M veuve
Shuttleworth à Hyères (Var) France.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

180

It is with sincere regret that we announce the death of
John Traherne Moggridge, which occurred at Mentone ,
November 24. The deceased has been à partial invalid for
some years, and obliged to resort to à more genial climate
than England during the autumn and winter months. Though
a great sufferer, he did not sit down in despair, but forgot
his pains in an ardent and intelligent study of the beauties
and mysteries presented by the works of nature. His “ Con-
tributions to a Flora of Mentone , is a good example of
patient research and. careful execution; and his investiga-
tions into the manners and customs of Harvesting Ants
and Trap-door Spiders offer much that is interesting. AI]
who had the pleasure of his acquaintance will long remember
him for his purely amiable disposition alone.

E. A. and W. B. H.

“

ORNAMENTAL GARDENING.

A FLOWERING SUNK-FENCE AT MILAN.

Italy not only offers examples in the art of gardening in
the master-pieces of the period of the Medicis, which served
as models for C. Mollet and Lenôtre, but its modern gardens
are often laid out with great taste, We have collected some
notes on this point, which we shall publish from time to
time.

At Milan, among other things, we greatly admired the
simple and at same time charming manner in which the
public park is enclosed with an elegant flowering fence. The
accompanying wood-cut will enable our readers to understand
the arrangement adopted.

At À is the walk skirting the park, almost on a level with
the ground of the public garden within the enclosure. This
road-way is planted with an avenue of trees, starting from
the statue of Count Cavour in the Via Manin, and bordering
a large portion of the lower part of the park.

stead of fencing in the park with an iron palisade or à

wall, both questionable and costly ornaments , a ditch was
hollowed out with a retaining wall, and a light iron railing
on the out-side, and a slope on the inside.

50 far there is nothing out of the ordinary way. The :
novelty is in the slope, which, instead of being bare turf; is
clothed with flowering shrubs, as well as the bottom of the
ditch. Here, for instance, is an immense bank of Lilacs
which in spring forms à carpet of purple-violet on an emerald
green ground, succeeded by clumps of Æibiscus Syriacus, va-
rious species of Spiraea, in hundreds and thousands of in-
dividuals forming splendid dwarf groups, away over which
we have uninterrupted views of the park scenery. When
their heads rise too high, the shears are soon brought into
requisition. . :

It is certainly an excellent idea, whether new or not,
matters little. The effect is good , it deserves reproduction,
aud is sure to please. E 4e

#e L'inuen, publ.

Gand.

, a

tab. Chrome. de € Stroobant

Fo
é

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CLXXXIX.
SPATHIPHYLLUM HELICONIAEFOLIUM. SCHOTT.

NAT. OKD, AROIDEAE.

geniculatis, spadicibus suaveolentibus. (Exnz. Gen. 1703.)
Spathiphyllum, Schott, Melet. 22.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : lamina foi oblonga apice breviter acuminata
tissimis leviter adscendentibus, remotiusculis, secundariis costae parum PS

in pedunculum contracta ibique spatio marginis angustissimi crispati ad instar dec

eulum producta; spadicem digitiformem duplo superante, rhachi 3-4 unciati, peduneuli parte accreta subsesqui-pollicari , libera
1 , L g L + vix

semipollicari, ovariis longe et acutate prominentibus. Spadix florens albicans
hexasepalum, sepala spathulato-cucullata, 3 exteriora interiora lateraliter obtegentia,

non fecundatus tandem nigrescens, Perigonium
interdum aestivatione irregulari coordinata,

omnia conglutinata v. leviter connexa. Sfamina brevia, filamenta compressula vix extra sepala emergentia; antherae breviter ellip-

ticae, effetae loculorum marginibus retroflexis sagittatae, ovariis adglutinatae et accrescentibus äis
ultra sepala elata. Ovaria sepalis duplo longiora ad medium usque obconoidea ibique sensim in

ruptoque convexivo tenui, longe
cornu attenuata, 8-4 1 i

.

loculamentis altitudine sepalorum, ovulis 6 in quolibet loculamento, medio axi funiculis longiolis affixis, micropylo fundum versus

spectante. Sfigma discoideum 3-4 lobatum. Baccae ovoideae apice in cornu attenuatae, rubentes.

Semina nephroideo-ovata, albu-

minosa. Tesia crassiuscula. Embryo axilis. (Schott, Aroidene, p. 2, t. 5, 6) Ad rivos fluminis Peruviensis ÆRio-Huallaga, cirea
urbem Moyobambam. — 1865. — Ad vir. deser. in h. Lind. — E. A.
Spatiphyllum heliconiaefolium, Schott, Aroid., p. 2.

This beautiful Aroiïid grows on the banks of the Rio-
Huallaga (Peru), near Moyobamba, whence Mr. Linden
obtained living plants in 1865.

We took it at first to be a new species, but it approaches
so near the S. heliconiaefolium, described and figured by
Schott, that we feel justified in referring it to that species.
. We have here completed the description given by Schott,
to whom its native country was unknown.

The other known species of Spathiphyttum are from Bra-

zil, Venezuela, Surinam and Mexico. Recently, too, some
have been detected in Colombia, which are probably new,
and of which we shall have occasion to speak bereafter.
The species in question is the finest of all in regard to
the size of its handsome foliage. A glance at the plate opposite
will give some idea of its magnificent, deep green, highly
lustrous leaves, upwards of a yard long and a foot wide,

E. A.

Mbits Srirfutu à

D

The change in colour to red or brown which many ever-
green trees and shrubs undergo in winter has been the
subject of investigation of several botanists. Von Mohl
determined that this colour did not exclude the presence of
chlorophyll, but appeared with it in the form of brown or
yellow granules in the juice of the cellular tissue. His
experiments were repeated by Mr. G. Kraus, who published

e results some time ago (‘). He observed that in Buœus
arborescens the exposed parts of the leaves assumed a brown

colour, especially on the upper surface, with the exception

of the folds. The palisade cells contain small granular masses
of protoplasm , coloured red-brown or copper-red, and are
destitute of chlorophyll. 1n the underlying layer of cells
Protoplasm is found of a yellowish or brownish green inter-

(1 Ueber die Winterliche Färbung immergrüner Gewächse, Bota-
_ hische Zeitung, 1872, col. 109—112 and 127—128.

F
js * G di

WINTER DISCOLOURING OF EVERGREENS.

| mixed with half destroyed granules of chlorophyll, which

is also discoloured. In open parenchymatous tissue the gra-
nules are intact and dissolved in the protoplasm, which
takes a green hue. This fact obtains in all the conifers and is
particularly noticeable in Thuya plicata and 7, occidentalis.
These phenomena indicate the congelation, not the death of
the cell. The process is reversed on the return of warm
weather, and the grains of chlorophyll reform. Mr. Askenary
haé already shown that these changes commence in the parts
most exposed to the influence of light and cold, though they
may also take place in the dark under the influence of
variations in temperature.

* While on this subject we may mention the analogous
researches of Mr. Bommer who gave the coloured substance

| {he name of pAylophaioine (why not the moré simple form

phyllopheine ?) and supplements his Jabours with some
interesting deductions.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. Fe

PL. CXC.

DRACAENA («corDyziNE) DENSICOMA, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.
NAT. ORD. ASPARAGINEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER, see ZU. Hort. under plate 264.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : caulis axboreus simplex, apice foliosus, annulatus, 3-4 met. altus; /olia petiolata, lanceolata, utrinque
acuminata, apice acuta, basi in petiolum brevem bi-alatum amplexicaulem CRU, pergamenea, nervoso-striata, atroviridia, 1m
longa, 10-12 cent. lata: panicula solitaria nutans, dense ramosa, pedunculo ce D 7 rutes, re foliosae, infima
longa lineari acuta, caeteris gradatim decrescentibus, sapremis acutis; inforesoentis Leg pren rriente, due remoti, ramulis
ultimis spiciformibus, dense floriferis; flores subsessiles, in rhachi angulato solitarii, AE useS Laits scariosis minutis, acutis,
patulis, exteriore subulata, interiore late ovata concava; perigonii albi vel extus lilacini tubus 6-fidus, infundibuliformis, 4-5 millim.
longus, laciniis dimidio minoribus obtusis patenti reflexis; stamina 6 longe exserta, aequilonga, is longitudine aequalia, flamentis
lineari subulatis albis, antheris lineari-oblongis dorsifixis stramineis; s/ylus antheris longior, stigma punctiforme; bacca rubra in.
autumno matura, magnitudine Pisi sativi, subsphaerico-trisulca, trilocularis; columna stylina filiformi persistente iñstructa; semina
compressa, angulata, nigra, nitida. — In Nova Caledonia prope locos dictos Nouméa, sinus Duperré, Canala, ete. — Legerunt
Pancher, 1868-69; Balansa, 1870. — An etiam in insulis vicinis Novae-Hollandiae et Zelandiae, unde in hort. Lind. Gandav. allata ?
— Ad viv. etex sic. spec. in h. mus. paris. desc. — E. A

Cordyline densicoma, Linden et André, sp. nov.

After having carefully examined this superb species, and
ascertained that nothing resembling it existed in the gardens
we were able to visit, we looked over the species approaching

it most nearly in general aspect, namely C. Brasiliensis,

cannaefolia and heliconiaefolia, from which it differs so
strongly that it is unnecessary to particularise the distine-
tions. Independently of its remarkable habit, we may men-
tion its yearly flowering, and the pendulous character of its
panicles. Mr. Houllet showed us a plant in the Botanic

decurrent down the petiole, and possibly also in the inflo-
rescence, which we have not seen. à

On looking through the New Caledonian herbarium at
Paris, containing the collections of Pancher, Vieillard,
Balansa and others, we came upon our plant at once, though
unnamed ; and from these specimens , consisting of leaves
flowers and fruits, perfectly agreeing with those of our
plant, we dréw up the foregoing description. We believe

that C. densicoma must also be à native of the islands on

Gardens of Paris, which appears to be very closely allied

the coast of Australia whence it was introduced with other
to our species, but it differs in the blade being more strongly

plants. E. A.

MISCELLANEOUS.
CAOUTCHOUC TREES.

The solidified milky juice of certain trees furnishes the
caoutchouc of commerce. These trees, says the Bulletin de ta
Société centrale d'Horticutture ( 1874, p. 462), belong to three
families : 1. Æwphorbiaceae, the genera Hevea and Siphonia,
of which two species, Hevea guianensis and Siphonia elastica ,
natives of the Amazon valley, are employed. 2. Artocarpeue,
which furnishes the Castittoa elastica, a native of Central
America, from Mexico to Peru, and various species of Ficus,
found in India, Java and Australia. 3. A Docyneae, species
Of Hancornia from S. Brazil , Landoïphia, equatorial Africa,
Vahea, Madagascar, and Urceota, Borneo and Malacca.

solidify in soft brown masses having the odour of new cheese.
From 600 to 800 persons are employed at Greytown, Nica-
ragua, and 2000 near Panama, in the caoutchouc industry.
The caoutchouc of Guatemala is- of inferior, that of Guaya-
quil of unequal quality. The Pernambuco caoutchouc, ex-
tracted from Æancornia, is very good. In Asia, Ficus elastica,
Of India, Java and Sumatra, produces a superior kind of
Caoutchouc, which is adulterated with Urceola elastica, from
which the juice is extracted by heat applied to one end of
blocks of the w00d. In France, an excellent caoutchouc from
Madagascar, is greatly used. Equatorial Africa produces trees
that yield a kind of caoutchouc, the preparation of which is
yet imperfectly understood, The working of this branch of
industry is carried on to so great an extent in various parts
of the world, and the caoutchonc yielding trees are sacrificed
so Carelessly that there is great danger of the supply of this
valuable substance being exhausted at no very remote period,
particularly if some wise precautions are not taken, and
new plantations formed.

Of Hevea is collected during the dry Season, from August
to February. The incisions are made in the evening, and the
juice is collected the next morning. The Ule, Castitloa
grows in the forests of Central America and its juice is the’
best in April. A tree 20 inches in diameter produces about
56 pounds of caoutchouc. Its coagulation is effected by the
addition of certain vegetable substances, which cause it to |

*

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185 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CXCI.

KENTIA (KENTIOPSIS?) BALMOREANA.

NAT. ORD, PALEMACEAE.

. ETYMOLOGY : named after William Kent, a gardener who 8ccompanied the illustrious Reinwardt in his travels in the Indian
Archipelago.

GENERIC CHARACTER : flores monoici, in eodem spadice fasciculato ramoso, spatha tri
scrobiculos sessiles, bracteis obsoletis rhachi coalescentibus, masculi bini ad latera feminei, M
inter se imbricatis. Corolla tripetala, petalis in praefloratione valvatis, Stamina sex
rudimentum. Fe. : calyx triphyllus et corolla tripetala dissimilis

plici, interiore incompleta cincto, in

aequabile. Embryo exacte basilaris, — Palnae rupestres, caudice elato gracili annulato inermi, frondibus omnibus in summo caudice
confertis pinnatisectis, segmentis reduplicatis linearibus bectinato-dependentibus , apice passim inacquali-bifidis, spadicibus infra
frondium vaginas elongatas enatis subverticillatis, spathis coriaceis deciduis duplicato-ramosis, ramis fastigiatis, ramulis undique in
scrobiculis superficialibus flore uno foemineo minori ac binis masculis majoribus lateratibus colore stramineo obsessis, fructibus parvis,
ovoideis vel ellipsoideis ex luteo miniatis, cicatrice stigmatum verticali, endocarpio chartaceo sive membranaceo cum nucleo hinc connalo.
Kentia, Blume, Rumphia, I, 94.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER :

This is one of three Palms brought from Lord Howe’s Brisbane Botanic Garden, 1874 for the other two species,
islands by Mr. J. Moore, director of the Botanic Garden of According to Müller, who does not describe its mode of
Sydney, Australia, who was the first to discover them. They | growth, this species has a large, branched inflorescence, 3
were Only known to us through the descriptions published | to 5 feet long, borne on a common peduncle eighteen inches
in English Catalogues , at the time they were sent out. long; and its flowers are like those of Æ. Forsteriana, except
Thanks to the kindness of Mr. Brongniart we were directed | that the males have from 50 to 70 stamens. This character
to a recent part of Müller’s Fragmenta phytographiae austra- | would bring it into the genus Kentiopsis of Brongniart,
lie, in which the very species in question are noticed. | which includes some of the largest Palms of N, Caledonia,
Unfortunately the information is very meagre. He enumerates Until we receive more complete information respecting
* Kentia Canterburyana, Balmoreana and Mooreana, but gives | this plant, we must consider ita Xentiopsis, awaiting which,
no exact localities, and limits his description to an exa- | we must defer a description, as young specimens are inad-
mination of the flowers and fruits. So far as our plant is equate.
concerned, he gives no reference to the work in which it . From a horticultural point of view this is a very fine
was frst described, merely quoting the Report on the | and effective ornamental species. +

THE GIANT NETTLE.

English horticultural journals are occupied at the present | pain returns when water is applied to the injured part.
time with a large Australian tree, known under the name This terrible “ Stinging Tree , yields small pink berries
of Giant Nettle (Laportea gigas, Wedd.) the stinging pro- | which are very tempting in appearance, and indeed whole-
perties of which are in direct proportion to its size. At the | some to eat; but their is great risk of being wounded in
time the horticultural establishment of the city of Paris | gathering them. Horses passing through scrub where bushes
at La Muette was under our direction, one of our men was | of Laportea grow frequently die from the stings of this
pricked by the hairs of a Laportea gigas, which we cultivated | formidable plant, the members stung gradually becoming
for the beauty of its foliage. His arm swelled almost in- | paralysed, whilst large cattle, bullocks for instance, do not
Stantaneously. In the evening he was prostate on his bed | receive the shightest injury. . :
suffering from a raging fever, which lasted three or four | Laportea gigas, Wedd. ( Urtica gigas, Gaud.) is à _
days. He felt pains in the wounded part for some time | tree from 90 to 100 feet high, but more frequently shrubby,
afterwards. with handsome petiolate, cordate-ovate leaves, often above a

In Cassells Zuustratea Travets we find some additional | foot long and near] as broad, especially when young It grows
information on this subject, contributed by a traveller in | abundantly in eastern Australia in large shady forests from
Australia. When the tree is shaken it scatters short silvery | the river Clarence to the borders of the es district.
hairs which cause extreme irritation of the skin and nostrils. Cunningham , Leichardt, écarts : “a DL
Lf touched they cause a violent sting which is felt for months, | cessively discovered it, and bee ; ème —. Le
accompanied by pains in the shoulders and arm-pits, where | ation of its trunk from the sketches of an exp mt
small boils are formed. For a long time afterwards the | Mr. M ur.

PR Ë à dé
nn DS DE bre £

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 18

187

mr no peer

Mr. Duchartre has recently published a memoir on the
germination and the original formation of the bulbs of
various species of Lilium in the Bulletin de la Société centrale
d'Horticulture de France. It fills 28 octavo pages, and is
accompained by explanatory illustrations. Seven species come
under observation, namely, Lilium giganteum, Wall., L.
cordifolium, L. auratum, L. Szovitzianum, L. callosum ,
L. tenuifotium and L. Thunbergianum. The investigations
were completed only in the case of L. giganteum , in which
Mr. Duchartre was able to follow every stage of its early
development.

Firstiy, L. giganteum, Wall. in this species the bulb begins
to form soon after germination from the thickened cotyled-
onary sheath. At the beginning of the second year the
primary axis disappears, and the first heart-shaped leaf is
formed, each succeeding Jeaf augmenting the size of the
bulb by its thickened basäl part.

Secondly, L. cordifotium, Thunb., allied to the foregoing,
differs in its primary evolution, the original axis persists
through the second season, and no adventitious rootlets are
formed during the first growth. The subsequent development
is the same as in the preceding.

Thirdly, L. auratum, Lindl., produces perfect green leaves
at first and does not form any nourishing scales during
either the first or second growth.

Mr. Leon Lille, seed-merchant, of Lyons, whom we had
the pleasure of meeting in September last at the Lyons
Horticultural Society's show, is sending out a new Japanese
vegetable. It is the Japanese Radish or Daicon, à culinary
plant cultivated on a large scale in all parts of Japan where
rivers are wanting. It appears that its roots ofte n reach nearly
a yard in length and a foot in diameter. Those grown by
Mr. Lille attained only about half this size, but that is
something considerable. The colour is a milky white tinged
with yellow, the very thin skin is easily removed, and the
compact, juicy flesh has the delicate flavour of our best
small radishes. This plant may be sown after the wheat
harvest up to the middle of August; and before the winter

Looking over grapes suspended by strings is always a long

veyed

GERMINATION OF LILIES.

Fourthly, L. Szovitzianum, Fisch. and Lall., was only
examinated in the second growth. The radicular portion had
disappeared and the plant drew its nourishment through
adventitions rootlets. There was only one green leaf. It
differs in all fts characters from L. auratum, and approaches
the two preceding species.

Fifth, L. carnosum, Zucc., comes near Z,. cordifolium.
The radicular portion remains during the second season and
the axis develops the bulb being built up by the alternate
formation of scales and leaves.

Sixthly, L. tenuifotiun, Fisch., forms its bulb without

the aid of nourishing scales, from the cotyledonary sheath. *

Seventhly, L. Thunbergianum, Roem. & Schult., produces
normal leaves at an early stage and no primary scales, its
bulb being formed as in the last named species.

It will thus be seen that the different species (still very
restricted in number) examined by Mr. Duchartre, exhibit
various modes of growth and development. It is the intention
oft this gentleman to follow up his studies in this direction,
and for this purpose he appeals to amateurs of Lilies for
their assistance in the way of germinating seeds, or plantlets
in an early stage of development.

E. A.

THE KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD.

THE DAICON OR JAPANESE RADIiSH,

sets in it will furnish an abundant crop of green fodder. Its
roots are not only useful in the kitchen, but they may also
be grown on a large scale as food for cattle.

Mr. L. Sisley, who obtained seeds of the Daïcon from
D' Henon, states in an article in the Cuttivateur Lyonnais,
that another esteemed variety, the Satsuma Radish, has
not yet been introduced but deserves to be. In Japan they
are prepared for the table in various ways: baked, sliced
very thin in salads, or preserved in salt. In the latter form
it is used to season boiled rice.

Mr. Lille is sending out his plant under the name of
Raphanus acanthiformis.

#

LIGNO-METALLIC F RUIT-STANDS.

circulates freely through them, and the cleansing of the

apparatus, if not altogether. superfluous, is so exceedingly

easy that it is no longer a labour of necessity. Finally, in

-this stand, as in the fruit-stage, each bunch or each fruit

may be examined and turned without moving or rubbing
the others. Every housekeeper who is mindful of the ap-
pearance of her fruit-room and attaches some value to the
préservation of the*products of the garden, will adopt this
ligno-metallic fruit-stand, which-is as useful in its way as à
bottle-rack in a well-ordered cellar.

Messrs. André and Fleury are the inventors of this ap-

paratus which is sold at a very moderate price at 9, rue de
Sablonville , Neuilly, Seine.

A er

CULTURE OF EUCHARIS AMAZONICA.

This admirable plant is not so widely diffused as it deserves
to be. We have often deplored this, especially as we have
often seen superb specimens covered with flowers in England,
shewing what proper treatment will do. At the International]
Exhibition of Kensington in 1866, we remember seeing three
immense specimens of great beauty. Above their large,
lustrous green, handsome leaves, rose fifty, or perhaps
more, scapes each bearing several charming, pure white,
pendulous flowers, ornamented with an elegant corona.

Mr. Linden, who was the first to discover and introduce
the plant , from Columbia never saw it attain such perfection
of beauty in its native country.

The comparative rarity of Eucharis must be attributed to
faulty culture; and we therefore reproduce an article by
Mr. Pocock which appeared some time ago in the Journat
of Horticulture, conducted by our esteemed colleague
Dr. Hogg (!). |

Eucharis amazonica is one of the most beautiful flowering
plants we can grow, either for table decoration, for making
bouquets, or for ladies’ head-dresses. The following is the
method to pursue in its culture.

In the middle of February, when my plants have done
flowering, [ repot them, if they need it. The compost used
is a mixture of light, rotten turves and rich leaf mould, in
equal proportions, with à third part of thoroughly decom-
posed cow-dung and à little silver sand. The components
should be well mixed , and if possible, à few pieces of char-
coal added. I begin by placing some of the larger sods upon
the pot-sherds used for drainage, and fill the pot about half

() Not having the Journat of Horticuiture at hand I am obliged to
translate Mr. Andrés translation back into English, hence it may
differ in wording if not in sense. W. B. H.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. |

*

ES mere : eee

full of mould. Then take five good , healthy bulbs, placing
és in the centre and four at equal distances around the
Circumference, fill the pot up to the rim with mould, and
press the latter down pretty firmly. Place the pots in an airy
part of the stove, and give a little lukewarm water. If a
800d, brisk bottom heat, so musch the better.

Leave them here till about the beginning of May, and
them remove them to a temperate house, keeping them
rather dry and giving them the full benefit of the sun.

At the beginning of June transfer them again to the stove,
and gradually increase the supply of water, Treated thus
they are almost certain to begin to show their flower-scapes
about this period. Then is the time, but not before, to
apply liquid manure.

After flowering, allow the plants to remain in the stove
until about the middle of August, then take them back to
the temperate house again, exposing them fully to the sun
for six weeks, when they may again be transferred to the
stove for the winter-flowering, about Christmas. It is said
that some gardeners keep the Zucharis in flower all the
year. I do not promise so much, neither do I believe it to be
practicable.

To summarise, the most important points are :

1. Thoroughly mix the various ingredients of the compost.

2. Do not employ too large pots. The plants flower better
when the roots fill and cover the inside of the pot.

3. Place à little sphagnum on the sherds to insure perfect
drainage.

4. After potting do not begin watering until growth has
commenced.

5. Expose the plants to the sun, as directed.

6. Do not give liquid manure before the flower-scapes
begin to show themselves, and do not banish the plants to
some corner after they have flowered.

EXHIBITION OF FRUITS AT GHENT.

On the 18% of October last there was a show of Fruits

at Ghent, organised by the Cercie d'Arboriculture, which

Surpassed in quantity and quality all similar exhibitions
held in that town. There were 27 classes, most of which
were Strongly represented. The magnificent Pears of Mr.
Van den Houtten, of Ath, the Apples of Mr. Hage, of
Courtray, the Pears of Messrs. Hordebise and Monville, of
Val-Benoît, Liége, and those of Mr. Capeinick, attracted
universal admiration. Mr. L.Pycke, of Courtray, also sent a
very instructive collection, all his fruits being accompained

by labels indicating their origin, date of introduction, and
quality. |

We pass by a great number of names worthy of mention
in order to tarry an instant before the new or rare fruits
staged by Mr. de Biseau, of Hauteville, a raiser favourably
known from his Pear Joséphine de Binche. His new acquisition
of this year is dedicated to the fortunate raiser Xavier
Grégoire, and we trust that it will prove worthy of the
object. We shall speak of this new fruit again, as at present
we know nothing of it beyond its fine size and rich colour.

so

NOXIOUS

Te Peur Cermes. — This insect known to every gar-
dener, belongs to the genus Psylla. Its power of reproduc-
tion is something prodigious, and hitherto no means of

Stroying it except by scraping the bark and washing the
leaves one by one, was known. In the Bulletin de la Sarthe
Of this year we read of a simpler and more effectual way of
Setting rid of this pest. Put one kilogramme (about 2 ‘/, Ibs.)
_0f carbonate of potass into seven gallons of water, and

A Re aie

TINSECTS.

wash the wood over when dry in December pr Ê

and à second time in February, and if the tres Id, a
third time in March. À few days afterwards a ly a warm,

| much diluted, solution of glue, which will cos

e and
suffocate the insects. We are assured that this is an infallible
remedy, and we recommend our readers

Conspectus geñerum et subgenerum Bromeliacearum g
sem.

We have recently received the above-named work from
the pen of the Berlin Professor.

Prof. Koch examines four tribes of the Bromeliaceae. The
first, Tillandsieae, includes eight genera, ete. he divides the
true Tillandsias into eight sections, bat in doing so we think

he unites genera which would be better kept separate. These
sections are : Strepsis, Nutt.; Diaphoranthema, Beer; Erio-
phorum, Phytarrhiza, Vis.; Cyathophora, Synandra, Macro-
cyathus, Pityrophyllum, Beer. — The genera are Catopsis,
Gris: Caraguata, Lindi.; Guzmannia, R. aud P.; Anaplo-
phytum, Beer: Platystachys, Koch; Vriesea, Lindl. ; and
Bonapartea, R. and P.

+ besides the Pitcairnia containing five sections : Neumannia
4 Lamprococeus, Maydifolia, Armigera , and Inermis. We ob-
. serve that Prof. Koch refers Brongniarts genus Neumannia
back to Pitcairnia whilst he excludes or overlooks the same
authors genus Pepinia to which our P. aphelandraeflora
belongs. The other two genera of this tribe are : Orthopeta-
tum, Beer, and Cochtiopetalum, Beer.

The third tribe, Powrretieae, contains five genera : Pour--
retia, R. and P.; Puya, Mol.; Enchotirion, Mart.; Garrelia,
Gaud., and Dyckia, Schult. fil.

se

Pomariae by Th. Wenzig (Linnæa, 1874, pp. 1-206. — The
designation Pomariae employed here by Mr, Wenzig was
proposed by Lindley. The German writer thinks it desirable
to retain this group as an independent family, following in
this respect Bartling , Endlicher, Ledebour, Koch, and Grenier
and Godron. He does not accept Koch's ideas, nor those of
Regel, who follows Koch (Dendrologie) in his revision of the
genus Crataegus (Revisio Cratnehoein. Independently of the
exclusion of a few genera that should not be referred to
this family, the author, following the example of Tournefort,
refers Crataegus to Mespilus, and Pyracantha to Cotoneaster.
Moreover he makes a new genus (Phatacros) for Crataegus
cordata. The genus Pyrus includes six species : P. communis,
L. (to which he refers P. ta, Desf.); P. nivatis, Jacq.
(comprising ce satvifotia, ] . P. sinaica, Thouin. P. canes-

: id, isa Hort. ); P. amygdatiformis,
a, , P. oblongifotia, Spach.,
P. saticifotia, Lois., nivalis. Lindl , eriopleura, Reichb. and

P. cuneifotia, Guss.); P. agite, Poll. (including P. sa-

licifolia, Has]. P. nivatis, Poll. and P. orientalis, Hornem.);

P. syriaca, Boiss. (comprising P. gtabra, Boiss. and P. Bo-

veana, Dene.); P. saticifotia, Lin. fil. Mr. Wer nzing considers

the P. indica, Colebr., to be à Crataegus. Matus he makes à

Dan 0f Pyrai, and réfers to jt P. betu ta, Bunge, and
P. tongifotia, Coss. and Dur, regarded el Dune as races

of P. communis. Mespilus comprises 21, Cotoneaster 17

8 embo died | in previous édite of the Pomacene,

visions he Pan où attacks. We do not pretend to decide
one es or _. other from our € examination, but

10r to the items

Horti Berolinensi, 1873. — Review of the Bromeliaceae with a superior ovary,

The second tribe, the Pitcairnieae, comprises two genera

by Messrs. Decaisne, Regel, Koch, and others, whose di- |

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. i

ps — 1 FA L Mu
LITERATURE.

ermine supero aut seminifero praeditarum, etc. — Append. 4 in in

etc., by Prof. K. Koch.

The fourth tribe also comprises five genera : Coltendorfia,
Schult. fil; Navia, Schult. fil.; Brocchinia, Schult. fil; Pr0-
nophyltum, Koch; and Hechtia, KI. (non Zucec.).

At the end of this monograph of genera, to which we
cannot here give the critical examination it demands , the
author reviews the species of Dychia to the number of eight,
namely : D. sulphurea, Koch, D. rariflora, Schult. fil., D
remotiflora, Otto and Dietr., D. gigantea, Lindl., D. montevi-
densis, Koch, D. Catharinensis, ne D. densifora, Schult,.
fil., and 2. dissitiflora, Schult. |

This is followed by . of some new or diffe-
rently limited species as : Platystachys latifolia (Tillandsia
latifolia, Meyen.), P. Ehrenbergiü, Koch. and P. patens,
Willd., described
by us (under the names of Tillandsia coraltina and Saund-
ersii), Vriesea Glaziouana, Lem. going to T. gigantea, Mar-
tius; 7. setacea, Sw., T. Selloa, Koch and Prionophyllum
Selloum, Koch. #

We reserve for another occasion an examination of the
reasons which have induced to alter the names and relative
‘positions of several genera , we Strongly doubt whether his
classification will be accepted by all botanists.

Encholirion corallinum and Saundersii,

E. A.

of those who have made a special study of the group in
question.

PropRoMUS FLokAr HispanicAE. — The first part of the

third volume of this work, edited by Messrs. Willkomm
and Lange, is now ready. It contains 240 octavo pages.
CULTURE DES ARBRES FRUITIERS POUR LA GRANDE PRO-

DUCTION. — Mr. Ch. Baltet has just published a second …

edition of his pamphlet on Fruit-trees cultivated for market
purposes. It is a little work that was welcomed by growers
on its first appearance, and from its concise and practical
form deserves to be widely spread. Preceded by some general
considerations on the management of fruit-growing on à
large scale, we have separate chapters treating of the
Apricot, Cid, Peach, Pear, Apple, Plum and Vine, fol-
lowed by instructions respecting gathering and packing of
fruits. The chapter devoted to Pears is the most remarkable.
Here he enters into the whole question of culture, selection
of varicties, distances between the trees, preparation of the
soil, planting, pruning, renewal, ete. To give a fan ana-
ysis of this memoir, we should bise to quote it almost im
full. We prefer recommending its purchase, which from its
modest price of one franc is within the reach of all.

NorTiCE SUR LES u1S, by Mr. Krelage, — We have received
the first number of a memoir on the Lilies from our esteemed
correspondent, which we should have noticed long ago, had
we not preferred waiting for the second part, and entering
into à fuller considération of the subject. This work is the
same appeared in the Dutch Tuinvouw Iuustratie of the
same author, and was translated by our friend Mr. Rodigas.
This part treats more particularly of Lilium Wittei, Thun-
bergianum, tigrinum, auratum, Humboldtii, and speciosum.
It may be had of Mr. J. H. Krelage, Haarlem, Holland.

E. À.

“h THE ee S HORTICOLR.

IND

TO

Vozume XXI (Vos. I, New SERIES) OF THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

COULOURED PLATES AND TEXT.

PI.
159 Anthurium floribundum .
164 Aphelandra Fascinator
175 Azalea Marshal Mac-Mahon .
171 » Madame Gloner
173 , Marquis Corsi.
158 Camellia Don Pedro
185 , Miss Minnie Merritt .
168 ,» Pietro Boutourlin .
166 Carludovica imperialis
178 Cattleya gigas
157 Ceroxylon andicola .
188 Clavija Rodekiana .
163 Cordyline bellula .
9) » densicoma .
183 Cypripedium Schlimii, var. aiorom .
172 Dendrobium infundibulum . ” :
167 Dieffenbachia lancifolia
181 Dracaena (Cordytine) Casanovae.
187 Troubetzkoi .
162 Don Catillus :
186 Fourcroya Lindeni
176 Galeandra Devoniana .
169 Geonoma gracilis
de. 191 Kentia (Kentiopsis ?) ie
160 Lasiandra lepidota . ‘
174 Livistona Hoogendorpii .
180 Masdevallia Trochilus.
170 Odontoglossum brevifolium .
156 Oncidium fuscatum.
165 RICO,
161 he pacifica
177 Ronnbergia Morreniana .
182 Sciadocalyx x Luciani.
189 Spathiphyllum ER
184 Theophrasta (?) imperialis
19 Pllandsia tessellata

WOODCUTS.

ts tree (Artocarpus incisa)
Cajophora coronata.

Cinerarias uen :

Pear de Loi °

Summer House of rustic ins

Abies Douglasii te
imatization, Essay on
Adiantum Farleyense . :
Agaves in the open air. . .
*ocaria hybrida Gaulainii .
wryllis procera, culture of
» Procera, flowering of

: en Don Pe
Pi

|” Camellias grafting in the open air .

. Candollean TRUE prize .

194
André, Mr., distinction awarded De pre
Anthurium Sas De | 21
Scherzerianum à Williamaii A ee LE RUE
PE a D 89
Araucarias at Bicton . . . . . RS RE eo 191
Avocado Pear . . . 4
Awards, distribution of{ to dé. ARR enkitiiees at he 20
Azalea Madame Gloner . . Mot rss a À
»n Marquis Corsi, , . ” Dis Mis ns du , 103
» Marshall Mac Mahon . 107
Azaleas, at Lake Como 107
PO E . , RU RE dt |
Baobab the . , . . RL Re OUR ET
Beech tree, a Ntahs é , die 130
Begoniss, néw tuberous . , . . . , , . . . . NE |
Begonia IR: à 4 164
Begoniella . , notes aise eu ei D
Breriocrarmy.
Conspectus generum et subgenerum Bromeliacearum, ete. . . 191
Culture des arbres fruitiers pour la grande production . . . . 191
De Tuinbouw Illustratie, _. 100
Dee 06 FORD. . . . . . , , , ..
Engravings of the Bon Jardinier. . , . , . , , , , . 146
Le Fraisier, Strawberry. . es à
L'Empire du Brésil à lEssion d Vian + en .
Notice sur les Lis. . . . hr I
Pomariae . . Se à à us x 191
Prodromus Flora ue UN. CN et
Réflexions sur les ouvrages généraux de ne +. à
Boldu, the

Boronias, culture of è ;
Botanical Congress at D ,
Botanice Garden of St. Petersburgh . :
Botanical Gardens , ete., list À
Botanical libraries in Belgium .
Botanical Publication, a new ”.
Breadfruit tree . ss
Bureau, prof.

. ue.
Mis Minsie Merritt .
5

”

selection of the most beautifal .
a LA #
Canna iridiflora. + - a
be. ts =

195 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 196
Pages. Pages
Cattleya gigas . : 119 | Fruits admitted by the French Pomological Congress. . . 3
Cattleya gigas in Endand : 167 , admitted by the Pomological Congress at Vienna, 1873. 71
Cedron, the . 17 | :, anewof 1873 . . . . 2
Ceroxylon andicola. 5 k
Chrysanthemums in de Temple ren ji | Ces 109
Cinerarias, double-flowered. . 27 ue Dr ‘ : 157
Classification of plants . . . . . . . . * + 99 apart Ce Sn
Clavija Rodekiana . 169 Germination of Lilies. ÉRR : 187
Club, Horticultural 163 | Gladioluses, ait 0
Cocos Weddelliana, flowering of Tan anna mr 129
Congress of Rose Growers . 131 Grasses for shade places. 131
Conifers, relative hardiness of. 4
Correction, A. 17 | Hausmannia jucunda . . Re 43
Crystal Palace at Liverpool. 82 | Hausmannia jucunda , or du. j Ë de 9
Cucumber Duke of Edinburgh. 167 | Hooker, Dr. President of the Royal Fra of onde de
Cut Flowers, preservation of . . . 21 ….
Cypripedium Schlimi var. albiflorum 137 | Index to the Prodromus . ee 177
Cyrenaica, expedition in 33 | Insect-destroyers of cu L, 129
Dies ; bé : 1 Insects, noxious 189
Date Plums dou 139 | Jalap, flowering of 146
Dondrobiam infandibelte. 0 ein à, ). 80 :
Didfenbachis laneHtoae ss 0 Ori, s RE 7 à a 185
Diptercoarpus, now DOG UE . 1 4 4 . . . , 179 Labels. . . SR
Dracsena (Cordyline) Dalle "4, 200 0e . . ,. 897 Lacquer, Oise a ous A
” - CR à < , . : . 196 DS RU Se 4 + . . . . . 00
» , densicoma . . . . . . . . . . . 183 | Letters, unpublished . 100
Troubetzkoi . . . . . . . . . . 167 | Lilies, germination of à
Dried plants, cchae 00 am aan wih double . Re ie st .
1
osrerei : Nou-Calalae a a. de n M NOR MajOr. ei 0
Embellishment of Gardens. . . ul. NP
English Horticultural journals, de à D 52
Epidendrum Catillus . . . . IR CR ER 5 à. nn
Eranthemums, three new . 162. : 0 Re EE
Eriocaulon, flowering of 100 Trhlos RE
Erythrina Parcellii di ee 162 Medinilla magnifica 133
Eucalyptus, cultivation of ... . , : . , . . . , . . 97 | Melons, new. 2
é nOGR. te. ss | Mol hs, : de
Eucharis Amazonica, culture of . eh, à 189 | Movement of water in ob ë ne
Evergreens, discoloration of in Winter. . . . . . . . . 181 me
Exhibitions, Belgian . . . Di Poe CL, 09 Nardy’s establishment at gs ; 177
. Brussels. . . tt Nettle, the giant . à 185
k England, in Pa dé Nettles, temporary Lu of. A de . 66
“er os. ré 45, 4, 65, 68, 85, 97 F : RES
mn . 33, 189 ve ROGR
Holland, in 1875 . : 161 Cordier . _. ”
» Horticultural Society of ui 141 Fée . or ee
” pe: à ie 113 Go anale. D is à RSR 20
. Liverpool: : : : a Hoclé o a
: EN . , : 113, 133 Janin,
” Manchester . * Mo idg 102
: Paris - 51 | nee ei
Regent’s Park . oo | : = Shuttleworth . Re
Exotie fruits in Covent Garden . : ,. - : 179
Exploration of Tunis. : à 2 à. in de Odontoglossum brevifolium . . . . . . 73
Oncidium fuscatum a
_ Fall and renewal of the leaf . Us ni a
Flora Brasiliensis . . | ; _. Fo) SR
. Flora of San Remo . . . . 114 ge trees, “ seu methods of ob 105
Floweri î 115 seases of in Algeria . 6
mov, ea ti 2 146 Orchids, sales ; 2. 5 res
Fo Lindeni : è 59 Oreopanax, propagation : ee
urcroya . : 6
Frosts, effects of late on vegetation . ‘ : © M ie av 159
Fruiting , rare cases of . . \ PS RAM De 66, 97 Palms of New C ale donia ‘ : :
_ Fruit-Stands. . . : 98 Paragua Lo M ei tin pe oi + en + 0 7
Fruit modelling in Italy re 187 | Past PR DE
; + 99 aie Mr., national reward to. 114
Tuum , variegated 2

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

Phylloxera, and American Grape vines.

à destruction of .

in Austria and Saitzertana

. 19, 77, 113, 130, 177

Pages,

pi
©
©

” : 145
treatment of vines infested with. 75

D itnis Andreana . . 17
Pear grafting on the un. Ash 145
Pear, new, de Lacroix 9
Pear Abbé Fétel 137
Pears, Californian . . : 67
Pelargoniums, itistoreat ne ; : 57
Pelargonium Society . 145, 161
Plants, carnivorous 171
, commerce in . ou 177

, movement of water in. 175
‘new . 55

» new or rare 103
photographs of : 115
Poisoning by Puffballs and by Snails : 1, 66
Polar Expedition . . 145
Pomological Congress, sé etoUuEh session the nos LL SECTOR
Potato Beetle of Colorado 57
» Tinea, the. 177
Pritchardia grandis Fo.
pacifica 95

Prunus japonica 178
» Sinensis. 178
Puccinia À 67
Radish, the Japanese . 187
Rapatea pandanoïdes . 49
Rhipsalis Houlletii. 50
Rhone irregation canal 67
Ronnbergia Morreniana . 117
Rose hedges . 77

Rose Judging

Roses, new 1874 ,

School of Horticulture at ni
Sciadocalyx X Luciani

Seeds, Duration of the scsi à pover co ï

Siebold, monument to
Spathiphyllum eliionisntolionn
Spermacoce (?) hispida
Strawberries, new .

Summer House, rustic

Sunk fence

Tenthredos, ravages of .
Theophrasta (?) imperialis
Tillandsia tessellata . .
Tomato, Carter’s Green gage
Torreya myristica, fruiting of .
Tropical fruits ,

Tulipa, the genus .

Vanilla sheap

Vegetables, new

Vegetable physiology .

Villa Vigier. Nice. . ;
Vines, protection of Lu toi *

Water Lily, a wonderful
Wax-Palm, the Brazilian.
Wellingtonia, seeding of

. Weeping trees .

Wine of the Isabella ren és
Wines, exhibition of in Lot À in on
Woolhope Fungus club .

Xanthoceras sorbifolia,

THE

ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

AN

ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY REVIEW

OF

NEW AND INTERESTING PLANTS

WITH THEIR DESCRIPTIONS, HISTORY AND CULTURE.

PUBLISHED AND CONDUCTED By

J. LENS,

Vice-PResDENT OF Tue Feperamiox or ve Hornourruraz Socremms or Becerum,
AND OF THE Royaz Society or FLora, rormerzy Boranrcaz TRaveLLer ror mue Bezcrax Govennuexr 1x mu nazis

AND

ED. ANDRÉ,

Wesr-Innies, Mexico, Venezueca, New-Graxapa, ete., ete.

Ex-JARDINIER PRINCIPAL OF THE Cry or Paris, ArCHITECT AND Desiener or rue Serrox Park, Livenpook,

ASSISTED BY

W. B.. HMS x,

ForMERLY BOTANICAL ASSISTANT IN THE HERBARIUM or THE Royaz Garpexs, Kxw, Aurnor or À
« HanpB8ook or Harpy Trees, Sarues, AND HerBACEOUS PLanTs » etc.

AND BY NUMEROUS AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL CORRESPONDENTS,

NEW AND RARE PLANTS,
THEIR CULTURE,

DESCRIPTION, HISTORY AND USES.

FLORICULTURE.

POMOLOGY.

KITCHEN GARDEN.

————_—

BOTANY.

NE BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS
DEVOTED TO

GARDENING AND BOTANY.

Voz. IL — Ne

SERIES.

GHENT (Belgium).

1878.

HORTICULTURAL
SHOWS,

LANDSCAPE GARDENING.

ORNAMENTS

AND
IMPLEMENTS
FOR
GARDENS AND PARKS.
HORTICULTURAL LITERATURE

AXD

POETRY.

CORRESPONDENCE.

| | THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE
Esse ” ——— TE nee ë

PAS AMEL Lt ST

HORTICULTURAL. CHRONICLE.

January, 1875.

— EXPLORATION OF NEW CALEDONIA. — During the past

year Mr. J. Linden sent out two travellers to New Caledonia,
under the moral protection of the French Government, for
the purpose of collecting plants interesting either from a
horticultural or botanical point of view. They have safely
reached their destination and commenced active operations.
Indeed, the first consignments are expected to reach Europe
before long. The expedition, consisting of a French botanical
collector well known from his numerous discoveries in
New Caledonia, and a young Belgian gardener, who has for à
long time been employed in Mr. Linden’s establishment, has
been orgauised under the most favourable circumstances,
and the most sanguine hopes of success are éntertained. The
flora of New Caledonia is extremely rich in endemic species,
and particularly so in Palms, Ferns, Conifers and numerous
other families ; and it has often been a matter of regret that
so few of the plants of this country were known in a living
state in Europe. Fortunately the blank will soon be filled
up, and this expedition may be expected to render valuable
services both to botany and horticulture.
i The investigation of the vegetable products of New Cale-
donia will be followed up by the exploration of the Fidji
Islands (Viti) the New Hebrides and Solomon Isles, New
Guinea and the Indian Archipelago, and we have great expect-
ations of the results of this voyage, which has been under-
taken at Mr. Linden’s sole cost, and we shall very shortly
have occasion to speak of it more in detail.

— Tue GENUS CurMera. — When we founded this new
genus (Zllust. Hort. 1873, p. 45), we only knew with certainty
one species, the type, C. picturata, though we remarked
that the plant known in commerce as Homatonema Wend-
landi should probably form a second species under the name
of C. Wendlandi. A third species has recently come to light.
It was described and figured by Dr. Masters in the Gardeners’
Chroñicle, December, 1874, p. 804-805, under the name of
C. Roeslü. This plant was discovered in Colombia by Mr.
Roezl. It is of an uniform olive-green tint, with longer
petioles than in our plant, besides othér characters b
which it is readily distinguished.

— ERYrHRoPHYLL DEVELOPED 1N THE DARK. — On looking

over our dried Specimens of Curmeria picturata in connec-
tion with the species just mentioned, we were at once struck

With the appearance of à leaf which was quite green when
placed between paper to dry, but had since changed to a
deep arterial blood red of the most decided and rich hue.
The experiments of several physiologists had previously
Proved that eryéhropnytt, or the red colouring matter of
Autumn foliage, which renders some of our trees 50 gay for
à short time before the frost disrobes them, can be deve-
loped in the dark. But we are not acquainted with any other

example of s0 Striking a nature as the instance we relate, |

and We submit it to the consideration of those specially
interested in the question.

Tae GARDENER’S YEARBOOK. — For some years past |

Maubourg, Paris.

k very serviceable

pren

MoxoGrarn or var DurIOxEAR, — Dr, Maxwell Masters
presented à MOnograph of this peculiar group at the second
meeting of the present session of the Linnean Society, This
work comprises all the genera and species of the tribe, ins
cluding the recent discoveries of Mr. Beccari in Borneo.

— Insecmvorous axp CLrrvo PLanrs. — We learn
that Mr. Darwin has a new work in the press which is to
bear the preceding title. The contents will be treated as
follows : — Part I. On the sensitiveness of the leaves of
Drosera, Dionaea, Pinguicula, ete,, to certain stimulants ;
and on their power of digesting and absorbing certain animal
matter. Part 2. On the habits and movements of climbing
plants. Mr. Murray is the publisher,

HARDINESS OF LAPAGERIA ROSEA. — Our contemporary
The Garden gives an excellent cut in a late number of this
attractive plant, reproduced from a photograph of a fine
specimen in the open air in Lucombe Nurseries, Exeter.
In sheltered situations in any part of the South and West
of England this beautiful climber will flourish and flower
more profusely often than when under glass, and if well
mulched at the root in winter it is rarely injured,

— WinTer-GARDEN or mue KinG or re Brcerans, —
We learn that the King of the Belgians intends to have a
Il F4 ircular t y constructed in his park at Laeken.
Its dimensions will be about 200 feet long by 65 in height :
and Mr. Balat is the architect. The iron-work will be fur-
nished by the forges of Willebroeck.

— THE INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL CoxcREss. — Fro
the Academy we learn that the meeting announced to take
place in Paris at Easter has been postponed till July 1875,
in consequence of the numerous applications for space at
the Geographical Exhibition, and which have consequently
led to the necessity of securing a larger building than had
at first been thought necessary. The exhibition will, it is
announced, be held in the Palais de l'Industrie, or in a
building to be erected specially for the purpose; and will
include plan, maps, charts, drawings and books referring
to geographical subjects, as well as instruments and ma-
chinery, and useful products of foreign countries, together
er
pointed to organise the entire scheme have ” contemplation
to publish a journal of commercial geography , _ rer
they have solicited contributions. nn may be ob-
tained at the Commissariat général, 10, boulevard de la Tour-

= ANNUAIRE DE L'HorricuLTuRE BELGE. . This volume,
which we announced some time ago, bas just ne
It is a compendium of commercial DOFHONIIES and w
| not only in Belgium, but also in other
countries. The authors are Messrs. ar rai Ed. Pynaert ,

: ce

8 ——_——

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

Em. Rodigas and H. J. Van Hulle, all professors at the
Ghent School of Horticulture. It may be obtained at the
Bureau de l'Annuaire, 4 boulevard du Château, à Gand.
The price is two francs. :

In addition to a detailed list of Belgian horticulturists
and cognate professions, desirable new plants (too brief a
review, perhaps), new fruits, it contains a quantity of
miscellaneous matter, such as recipes, cultural notes, new
and little known implements, landscape, and kitchen gar-
dens, etc., etc.; and it is embellished with 44 illustrations
and à portrait of Mr. Ghellinck de Walle, president of
the Cercle d'Arboriculture.

— Les PLANTES ORNEMENTALES. — We have seen the
second volume of this work, begun last year for by Messrs
Cogniaux and Marchal, Mr. Dallière, of Ghent, assisted
and we intend taking it up again for à careful perusal and
review.

— ConsIGNMENTS OF ContFERS FROM Mr. Rogzz. — This
celebrated and energetic traveller, who traverses the New
World with such extraordinary rapidity as to appear to
possess the power of ubiquity, has forwarded quite a cargo of
coniferous seeds to his friend Mr. Ortgies, of Zurich, which
will be the means of distributing many new and rare species.
The collection contains : Abies tasiocarpa, Lindl. ; À. magni-
fica, Murr.; À, magnifica, var. macrocarpa, Roezl; Pinus

Abies concolor, Engelmann; À. concolor violacea , Roez]. :
A. bifotia, Murray; A. Douglasi, Lindl.; 4. Douglasi
glauca, Roezl.; Picea commutata Parlatorei, Roezl: Pinus
aristata, Engelm.; Pinus fleæilis, James; and LP, reflexa,
Torrey. He has also sent seeds of Fucca angustifotia, Pursh;
Opuntia arborescens, Engelm., and ©. Camanchica, Engelm.
and Bigel. We strongly suspect, however, that the latter
plant is nothing more than O. vwtgaris, Mill, notwith-
standing the statements of botanists to the contrary.

_ Orrruary. — Comte Jaubert, a deputy in the National
Assembly of France, a member of the Institute of France
and a distinguished botanist, died at Montpellier in December
last. He was born in 1798, and occupied some of the highest
posts in his country. He was Minister for Public Works
under Louis-Philippe, and à free member of the Academy
of Sciences. It was owing to his liberality that Mr. Boreau
was able to publish his Flore du centre de la France, which
has since reached its third edition. In conjunction with
-Spach, Jaubert published under the title Ztustrationes
Plantarum orientalium five magnificent folio volumes, con-
taining coloured plates and descriptions of five hundred
species of plants collected by himself on his travels in the
East. Comte Jaubert pleaded the cause of science in the
Assembly and advanced it in every way in his power. Moreover,
we mourn in him the loss of an excellent and fatherly

Lambertiana, Douglas ; all from the Sierra Nevada of Cali- | friend.
fornia. From the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, he has sent : Ep. ANpré.
PL. CXCII.

DIEFFENBACHIA ANTIOQUIENSIS, LINDEN ET ANDRÉ.

NAT. OR. AROIDEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER, see JW. Hort., 1874, plate 167.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : caulis rectus, robustus, simplex, succulentus, D. imperialis habitu, cylindraceus annulatus; folia
ni re pue erecto . amplexicauli 35-40 cent. longo, subtereti, superne libero gracili, e basi usque ad medium vaginato
Mer marginibus convolutis, apice biaurito ligulato; fol. lamina erecta elliptica basi subcordata apice acuta, plana, marginibus.
a A longe mucronata, costa supra haud elevata, infra prominente, nervis subparallelis immersis,
tn - a 1 à un permultis geographicis primum luteolis mox viridi-luteis elegantissimis tota superficie
rs dires flores... — KE provincia Antioquiae Novo-Granatensium if hort. Linden. allata, 1872. — Ad viv. descr. — E. A

Dieffenbachia Antioquiensis, Linden et André, sp.nov. : : +

A eee En to. the same group as D. The blade of the leaf is elliptical in outline, rounded at
p » avg an erect tree-like habit of growth. It is | the base and abruptly terminating in a long channeled mucro.

a native of New Grenada, growing in the province of Antio-
quia, and we have named it after the delightful region of
which it is an ornament.

Although less robust in habit than D. imperiatis, it has
a Stout, firm stem, bearing a crown of erect leaves, with
elegant, relatively slender petioles , the convolute sheath of
which extends to only half their length.

blotches,
with well defined outlines in the adult leaves.

IL is elegantly though irregularly sprinkled over with yellow
eventually changing to a yellowish green, and

> Ù à Charming plant, and was greatly admired in
Mr. Linden's group of New Plants at the late international
exhibition at Florence.
E. A,

& ILLUSTE in
LAUSTRATION HORTICOL

be)
77

DIEFFENBACHIA ANTIOQUENSIS LIND. et AND.
DRT 37 Fort Los À Linden, pa

#ker ax

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

193

AZALEA INDICA MADAME JEAN WOLKOFF (Et Lind)

PkDannemaebker, ai nai nirx 2 or

À Linden, : a.

194

Len

THRINAX BARBADENSIS, Lo».

à tradtuii

2 eo
L Otrevhant

À THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.
nn

PL. CXCI.

AZALEA MADAME JEAN WOLKOFF.

NAT. ORD. ERICEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER, see JU. Hort., 1874

CHARACTER OF THE VARIETY : — We have dedicated this
pretty new variety to the wife of a very skilful amateur,
Mr. Jean Wolkoff from Moscou, whose plant-houses are
remarkably well filled. It is distinguished by the extraor-
dinary size of its flower-clusters. The flowers are semi-double,

under plate 171.

unusually large, of a delicate pearly texture, and of a pure
white * Striped neûr the margin with more or less vivid car
mine lines, The elegant contour of the heart-shaped, clawed
petals with auriculate Jobes is very Striking in this remark-
able novelty, which will take a place in the first rank, E, A,

PL. CXCIV.

THRINAX BARBADENSIS, copies.

NAT. ORD. PALMEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : @puwaë a trident or winnowing fan, probably in allusion to the form of the leaves.
GENERIC CHARACTER : flores hermaphroditi, in spadice alterne et duplicato-ramoso, spathis pluribus incompletis cincto,

breviter pedicellati, bracteati. Calyx profunde sexfidus. Corolla nulla. Stamina 6-12; filamenta subulata,

basi connata, antherae

oblongae, utrinque bifidae, erectae. Ovarium e carpidio unico, uniovulato. Séylus sursum in stigma concavum tubuloso-ampliatus.
Bacca monosperma. Albumen aequabile aut subruminatum. Æmbryo subverticalis v. dorsalis, — Palmae antillanaé, caudice me-

diocri, tenui, frondibus terminalibus, palmato-flabelliformibus
minimis (ENDz. Gen. 1762). :
Thrinax, Linn. fl. in Schreb. Gen.

, betiolorum basibus vaginantibus in reticulum solutis, floribus

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : caudez mediocris aut subelatus; fol lamina digitato-multipartita laciniüs lanceolatis, acuminatis ,
crassiusculis, trinerviis, ligula viridi, obliterata, nervis furfuraceo-lepidoto-fuscis, … (Caelera desiderantur). — Lonv. in Kunth,

Enum. II, 254.

Thrinax Barbadensis, Lodd. Kunth, Enum. II. 951 Mart. 257, N° 6.

This handsome Palm is a native of the Antilles, especially
Of Barbadoes, and is extremely rare in European gardens.
The specimens may be counted; we only know of three, with
the exception of the young plants kindly sent over to

Mr. Linden by His Excellency Major General Monro, |

: Governor of the Barbados.

À very fine specimen which we lately saw in Mr. Linden’s
establishment at Ghent, forms à plant from 10 to 12 feet
high, with enormous fanshaped leaves. The green petioles
Marbled all over with silvery white blotches, are rounded

below, channelled above, bearded with a thick felt of small,
white scales, intermixed with short, black, hooked, ascending
spines. The radiating, though not orbicular, limb is of a
lively green, slightly powdered, with very prominent ribs,

and majesticaly borne on the top of the petiole.

There is, therefore, now the possibility of its soon becom-
ing widely dispersed in our tropical conservatories, in the

form of young healthy specimens , well deserving their repu-

ion.
is E. A.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. ee 3

RS —
,
“ —_—

MY EX-COLLECTOR WALLIS.

Mr. Gustav Wallis has published some statements, and
alleges certain grievances in the Gardeners' Chronicle, and
also inthe Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeiting and in the
Gartenflora, which I cannot allow to pass uncontradicted.
The writer styles himself a botanical traveller, although I
have never obtained from him a single dried speciment in
the interest of science. He complains that I no longer mention
his name in the ZUustration Horticote, and takes the oppor-
tunity of adyancing the most extravagant claims. As Wallis
has himself thought fit to lift the veil which I had permitted
to conceal his conduct, I think it my duty now to set forth
his behaviour in its true light. What I have to say may be
a lesson-to others, who, like myself, may have the unfor-
tunate weakness to put too high the services of their em-
ployés, and to raise them on a pedestal and fill them, as in
this case, with the most ridiculous self-conceit. Wallis went
to Brazil as an assistant gardener. After dragging on an
unhappy existence there for several years, he besought my
assistance. I listened to his entreaty, and shortly afterwards
took him into my service as collector. This, was probably
the happiest moment of his live, for, far from having sacri-
ficed eight years to my interests, as he now affirms, his
admission into my service was, on the contrary, a piece
of good fortune, which saved him from poverty and assured
him a career. [ found him poor, unknown and forsaken;
and he left me with a name, a small fortune, a museum of
curiosities of all sorts (formed in his native town in Germany
by numerous consignments during his voyages) and honours,
obtained through my influence, such as a collector never
before enjoyed. As he was a novice in his calling I guided him
step by step; and from my own experience and from my
exact instructions, he travelled from the mouths of the Ama-
zon to the other side of the Isthmus of Panama. This
Journey cost me upwards of £ 5000. The expenses of crossing
Peru and Ecuador were enormous, and the returns were
insignificant, in consequence of the bad state in which the
plants arrived. Apart from several introductions which made
RE noise than profit, the journey remained unproductive
until New Grenada — the classic ground of the genera
Odontoglossum and Masdevallia, many of which were disco-

_ vered by myself — was reached. Following my directions a

collector might have refound them — ina manner of speaking
— blindfolded. Moreover, this voyage had not the slightest
scientific pretentions. It was Simply a commercial enterprise

undertaken for the purpose of supplying the wants of m
establishment. The idea, its accomplishment, and ne
results belonged to me alone. Regardless of de name or
quality of the agent, I had the right , if I chose, to omit all
mention of his name and of the habitats of the plants — à
course which the most elementary knowledge of commercial
prudence would have dictated, in order to avoid competition

English importers of plants act in à similar manner, and let
those who would blame them remember what has happened
in Wallis’ case. In fact, if, instead of making him known
by all the means in my; power, associating his name with
the plants received and obtaining medals for him at the
exhibitions, I had left him in the obscurity from which
unassisted he would never have emerged, he would not have
had the chance of selling to others the experience which he
gained through my teaching and at my cost, I deny most
positively the right of Mr. Wallis to speak of the plants
which he has been commissioned to collect for me, or of the
localities in which they were found. In carrying out à com-
mercial mission for me and at my expense, he would only
have done his duty, as any one else would have done; but
how stands the case? Inflated with self-importance, Wallis
deserted me once; but after an absence of two years, I was
so imprudent as to take him into my service again, imagining
that a remorseful conscience brought him back again to me,
and for this act I experienced the most sorry recompense.
Continuing to mention his name after such proceedings would
be simply to reward ingratitude and encourage defection.
I disdamfully decline to criticise the false pretensions of
Mr. Wallis concerning the introduction of Cattteya gigas
and Curmeria picturata; but, desirous to render to Cæsar
the things that are Cæsar’s, I declare that it is not true that
these plants were introduced by Wallis, but that their first
introduction to my stoves is due to Mr. Roëzl. Had Mr. Wallis
succeeded in introducing the plants, mentioned by his claims,

“would it have been necessary for me to go to the expense-of

a second expedition for the purpose? With regard to the part
that Wallis claims to have played in my service, it 1s scarcely
necessary for me to mention that, after more than ten years
scientific travels, carried out at the order of the Belgian
Government, I have since employed myself during thirty
years in the organisation of expeditions in different parts
of the world, and during that long period 1 have had from
eight to ten collectors, as well, and some better known, thanks
to me, than Wallis. My chief introductiôns were made long
before I knew him. Odontoglossums and Masdevattias flour-
ished in my houses ten years before they became fashionable
with amateurs, yet none of my collectors made the ridiculous
pretentions raised by Wallis. If such absurd claims were

admitted , there is no reason why each and all of my garde-

ners should not urge similar claims. Collectors, both before
and after Wallis, have never failed me. Other expeditions
are at the present moment in course of execution, and there
1$ n0 Cause {0 suppose that the services of my actual tra-
vellers will be less than those rendered by a man who, in

return for numerous kindnesses, has shown towards me

the greatest ingratitude and bad feeling.
| J. D

À THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

February, 1875.

— CANNA IRIDIFLORA. — The appeal made by us to
possessors Of this beautiful plant, which has become s0
exceedingly rare in collections, has been, we are told,
crowned with success. Amateurs desirous of procuring
it, among others Messrs. Sisley and de Lambertye, should
communicate with Mr. Müller, the curator of the Botanic
Garden at Strasbourg, who will doubtless gratify their
wish. For our part in the matter, we only request one of
those gentlemen to furnish us with a sucker of the plant
when either of them shall have propagated it.

— MaSDEVALLIA CHIMAERA, — A figure of this curious
species from the pencil of Mr. W.G. Smith recently appeared
in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1875, p. 111), together with a
brief history of it by the same gentleman. Whe shall shortly
have occasion to speak of this plant again, à specimen of
it having flowered in Mr. Linden’s establishment , from which
a new plate has been prepared for a future number of the
Illustration Horticole. With the plate we shall publish further
details of this and an allied form.

— List OF VEGETABLE O1ts AND Frs. — A second edition
of this useful little book, for which we are indebted to
Mr. Bernardin, the energetic conservator of the museum at
Melle, Belgium, has lately appeared. It will be of great
service in the manufactures, in commerce and in the arts.
It may be had at Mr. Muquardt's, library, Brussels.

— Hogricucrurar cuuB 1N Lonpon. — We have pre-
viously announced the efforts of certain horticulturists and
amateurs to found a club in London, and we believe the
only cause of delay in starting is the difficulty experienced
in finding suitable quarters. It is to be hoped that it will
be so organised as to have something of an international
character, which would doubtless increase its chances of
Success and prove mutually advantageous to ourselves and
to our foreign colleagues.

— Fucusras. — In the Gardeners Chronicte, (1875, p.179),
we have published some preliminary notes on this attractive
genus of plants with a view to completing, as far as possible,
our knowledge of the horticultural history 'of this genus.
We take the opportunity here also of requesting those inte-
rested in the matter and in possession of trustworthy know-
ledge or record of the origin of the early garden-varieties, to
favour us with such information. Fresh specimens of newly
introduced species, and some of the older varieties are very
desirable, Our appeal has already resulted in the publication

and private communication of some missing links in the |

history of these interesting plants.’ Letters and specimens
May be addressed to Mr. W. B. Hemsley, Herbarium, Kew.

— Evexxe Lecrures AT rue Royar Horrrcucruras |

SOCIETY’s Rooms, Sourx KENsINGToN. — A new feature in
the winter Programme of this society is a series of lectures
On horticultural and cognate subjects. On Feb. 3, the Rev.
M. J. Berkeley treated of “ Fungi, the Causes of Disease Real
or Supposed, » It would take up more space than we have

at our disposal here to give even a brief summary of this

instructive lecture. But, as the learned gentleman observed ,
much remains to be done in this branch of research. Speaking
of what is termed Sappy meat, he described it as consisting
of a number of little vesicles filed with very minute partic-
les, which present the Brownian motion , and which Mr. Ber-
keley suggested, from their known effects on ment, might
possibly be the cause of cholera , hospital gangrene, or other
diseases.

— Exmermox ar Pairapezpnra 1x 1876, — This great
American exhibition is beginning to occupy attention, In a
number of the American Agriculturist for December, 1874,
there is a plan and a view of the Crystal Palace and surroun-
ding grounds to be devoted to horticulture in this gigantic
centenary exhibition. The large conservatory is of colossal
proportions. It measures 310 feet long by 160 feet brond,
forming an enormous winter garden in the centre. The sides
are Occupied with hot-houses, greenhouses , Offices, refresh-
ment rooms, etc. The whole has been constructed from the
designs of Mr. Schwarzmann, under the direction of the
National Society of Horticulture, The surrounding grounds
will bé laid out as a park, and planted with the various
vegetable products of the vast territory of the United States *
which will give some idea of the richness and variety of the
flora of this great country. The planting is to be completed
this year. Four hundred and fifty acres of land have been set
aside for Agricultural experiments. From the magnificent
scale of the preparations and the activity displayed by the
“ Centennial Commission , we may hope to see a fine exhi-
bition at Philadelphia in 1876.

— WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA PENDULA. — In the Garden-
ers” Chronicle of this year, p. 50, there is a notice of a form
of Wellingtonia growing at Chatsworth, for which the name
of pendula is proposed. This variety is not new. It has been
noticed in the Revue Horticole, and was sent out in November
1870, by Mr. Paillet, nurseryman at Chatenay, near Paris.

— Mepaz or Hoxour To M. A. De Capote. — The
Federation of the Belgian Horticultural Societies has decided
to offer a bronze medal to this illustrious botanist in the
name of Belgian Horticulture, to commemorate the completion
of the Prodromus. Everbody will applaud the intended dis-
tinction. .

_— De CANDOLLE’S QUINQUENNIAL PRIZE. — This prize,
instituted by À. Pyramus De Candolle, has been awarded to
Mr. Radilkofer of Munich, for his monograph of Sapindus.

— DecesserT's HerBarruM. — This fine collection, which
went from Paris to Geneva, is now in the hands of Mr. J.
Müller, who has been appointed chief curator. It will be

arranged , and its numerous treasures opened to botanists.
__ Osrruary. — Mr. Hohenacker died at Kirckheim,
Wurtemburg, in November last. He will be Da for
his Herbarium normale plantarum officinalium, and some

good work on Caucasian plants. = | 4 BH.

il THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 19

PL. CXCV.

ZAMIA LINDENI, REGEL.

NAT. ORD. CYCADEAE.

ÉTYMOLOGY. — From Zamia, hurt, damage, probably in reference to the prickly nature of some species.

GENERIC CHARACTER : Flores masculi; Antherae apertae, in strobilos terminales, pedunculatos collectae, undique rhachi
communi insertae, singulae ovoideae, basi in stipitem attenuatae, apice incrassato-peltiformi, subbilobae, lobis subtus polliniferis,
Flores feminei : Carpidia plurima, monophylla, aperta, in strobilos terminales, pedunculatos collectae, rhachi communi undique
insertae, singula basi in stipitem attenuata, apice in peltam hexagonam dilatata, peltà subtus utrinque ovulo unico, inverso
foeta. Früctus e carpidiis subdiscretis. Semina ovoideo-subglobosa, testa ossea, epidermide tenuiter carnosa, cincta. Embryo
inversus, in axi albuminis carnosi, radicula respectu rhacheos communis centripeta. — Arbusculae in America tropica, imprimis
in Indiae occidentalis insulis obviae, frondibus pinnatis, pinnis basi calloso-constrictis, nerve, nervis simplicibus, indivisis.
Ex Endlicher Gen. Plant. 706. |

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : fruncus cylindricus, metr. plurim. altus, robustus, foliis delapsis cicatrisatus, squamis cuneato
peltatis rufis copertus; folia basi vaginis ovato-cuneatis acutis dorso carinatis membranaceo-chartaceis intermixta, petioli 2 metr.
et ultra longi, cylindracei, lana fulva sparsim vestiti, aculeati, aculeolis conicis brevibus cum caudice rectangulis, albis; foliola
glabra v. vix puberula, utrinque 40 et ultra, subopposita (ultima deficiente aut abortivo), sessilia, longe lanceolata, 0,20 longa,
0",003-4 lata, subfalcata, plana nitide-viridia, centro inter sulcos 2 laterales latos elevato, marginibus a medio ad apicem dentato
serratis (dentibus raris aculeatis), nervis filiformibus subparallelis circiter 20 supra distinctissimis; strobili…
dorensibus in hort. Linden. a cl. Roezl- allata, anno 1874. — Ad viv. deser. — E, A.

Zamia Lindeni, Regel. mss. — An publice jam descripta ?

— E sylvis Ecua-

leaves are not woolly and they are of less vigorous and
shorter growth. Further, its native country is Brazil, far
removed from the home of our plant from the shores of
the Pacific; and there are several other differences i in the

This handsome Cycad, discovered by Mr. Roezl in the
Republic of Ecuador, and sent to Mr. Linden last year,
increases in beauty, from week to week, as it approaches to-
wards the perfect development of its foliage. The first leaves

that we saw last summer could give us no idea of those
since formed, which are more than six feet long, with from
40 to 44 pairs of leaflets. This and Zamia Roezli (I. Hort.
1873, p. 126) are the finest Cycads of recent introduction.
Its nearest ally is the Z. Baraquiniana of gardens, but
the trunk of the latter species is smooth and whitish, its

minor details of the two species.
Zamia Lindeni was named by D’ Regel, but we have not
yet been able to ascertain whether he has published it or
not, and therefore we must give it as a manuscript name
until we have obtained fuller information.
E. A.

195

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

pe

PAT NS

J Linden, pub

PO mar fn 7

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE
16

Etab: Chrome. de L Strvobant. à Gand

MASDEVALLIA AMABILIS ReicHB. Fix. var. LINEATA J Linden, pu

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CXCYI.

MASDEVALLIA AMABILIS, reicxe. FIL. VAR. LINEATA

NAT, ORD, ORCHIDEAE.

ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER : see IN. Hoyt. under plate CLXXY

ga obtusa emarginata 12 cent. lo

inserta, suprema ovario pedicellato suleato bre-
| best empl brevi rotundato lateraliter compressus, su
subtus albido-roseus, rubro-lineatus ; Zimbi trilobi (extus pallidi, intus nitide aurantiac .
3 vivide purpureis) lobus superior late triangulus in appendice filiformi erecta lutea abrupte attenuatus, 2 inforiores latiores
oblique ovati externe decurvati usque ad medium connati dein liberi in caudas duas lineares conniventes lutens quam «
dicem superiorem breviores producti; e petalis 3 in tubo latentibus 2 lateralia oblonga dolabriformia alba apice mr.
violacea marginibus inaequalibus, unus teres, alter alatus gladiatus, basi lata (videtur calcarata), labellum subpanduratum 5 mil.
longum apice linguiformi apiculato marginibusque atroviolaceis ; gynostemium petiolis brevius, canaliculatum, album linen violacea
utrinque marginatum, ala cucullata brevi hyalina apice auctum. à |

In Peruvia septentrionali legit cl. Roezl, 1872. Ad viv. flor. desc. in hort. Lind.

Masdevallia amabilis (Rchb. f. Bonpl. IL 116), var. lineata. Lind. et And.

o-roséi marginib e

À native of the high plateaus of Peru, originally discovered his, and who says the flowers are of a pleasing uniform red.
by Warscewicz, and subsequently, about two years since, Now, nothing is less uniform than the colouring of the
by Roezl, who introduced living plants into Europe of the | flowers of Our plant. The perianth-tube is orange red above,
variety with striped flowers of which we here give a portrait. | and white tinged with pink beneath as well as the under

Its determination was by no means easy and satisfactory, | surface of the sepals, whilst their upper surface presents
and we had some doubts of its identity with the 27. amavbitis | an elegant blending of several tints. The ground colour is
of Reichenbach and Warscewicz. Independently of slight | a bright pink, blended with orange towards the centre ;
discrepancies in the size of the organs of vegetation , which | the whole surface sparkling with silvery spangles when the
are of course subject to considerable variation, we could light plays upon it. The inner margin of the inferior lobes
not make the plant which recently flowered at Mr. Linden’s | is carmine lake, each lobe being traversed longitudinally
agree in all particulars with the description published in .| by three bright purple lines, which join at the top like the
the Bonplandia and in Walpers Annales. nerves of à melastomaceous leaf.

In the first place the perianth-tube of our plant increases These three brilliant furrows are characteristic, but we
in size from the base, and not from the middle only, and | do not consider them of suffcient importance to create a
it is not half the length of the sepals ; the flowers are far more | new species, and therefore we refer our plant to M. ama-
than a third the size of M. rosea, Lindl. ; the lateral sepals | wiis, of which it may be regarded as the variety Zineata
are not twice as broad as the upper one; the sepals are | for the present. a à
not waved, but merely notched and ligulate at the summit ; We may observe here that the mixture of the two colours
the cucullate appendage of the androclinium is entire and | carmine and orange, constitutes a remarkable connecting
not toothed; finally, the vague reference to the colour | link of the colours of M. Lindeni and M. ignea. It is _.
(ulchre purpurea) by D' Reichenbach would lead us to of the many delights afforded us by the genus Menton
_Suppose that he had only dried specimens under examina- | which is ever increasing in favour, and of which we shall
ton, if the name of Warscewicz were not associated with | often have to speak again. a es

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PI. CXCVII.

ARAUCARIA BALANSAE, ap. BRONGN. & GRIs.
NAT. ORD. CONIFERA.

ETYMOLOGY : The typical species of the genus is so called se the srancanos rie) À De the Chilians,
GENERIC CHARACTER : flores dioici vel raro monoici. Musculi È amenta os, denper Y. genins, cylindracea y.
: aut oblongo-cylindracea, basi perulis cincta aut nuda. Bracteae plurimae ris imbricatae, axi Insertae, inferne angustatae et
. ” ; id e tne v. subrhombeae et sursum versae, subtus antheriferae. Antherae 6-plures, duplici serie dispositae
7 assise mère longitudinaliter dehiscente. Feminei : amenta terminalia, solitaria, ovoidea, basi nuda vel folk
supremis es longioribus annuli ad instar cincta. Squamae prorias, Ne haie, dense tabriomes e bractea Coriacez
D. basi alata vel aptera, apice appendiculata et lepidio tenui, breviore, re vel _. parte nr: compositae. Ovarium so.
| tarium, inversum, basi adnatum, ovatum vel oblongum. Sfylus brevis. Stigma orbiculare, pervium. Strobilus magnus, suglobo-
sus, ovatus vel elliptico-globosus, basi nudus vel foliis supremis involucratus, secundo anno maturescens. Squamae plurimae, lignes:
centes, densissime imbricatae, ab axi solvendæ, saepissime steriles, paucae fertiles, e bractea crassa et lepidio bractea angustiore
. et breviore, tenui, totidem adnato vel apice tantum libero compositae, cuneatae, apterae vel late alatae, apice incrassatae, apophysi
subrhombea, carina transversa acuta saepe notata et appendiculata, appendicula longiuscula acuminata recurva. Nuculae solitariae,
inversae, obovato-oblongae, squamis adnatis, apice libero. Pericarpium coriaceum. ÆEmbryo cylindraceus, in axi albuminis carnosi
ejusdem fere longitudine ; cotyledonibus 2, integris vel profunde bipartitis unde videntur 4, semiteretibus, hypogeis v. epigeis ;
radicula cylindracea, infera. — Arbores excelsae, pyramidatae, resinosae, in America australi et in insulis Melanesiae tropicis vel
subtropicis crescentes, sylvas vastas constituentes. Rami 5-plures verticillati, fere horizontales vel subpenduli aut apice adscen-
dentes, verticillis remotis vel remotiusculis. Folia spiraliter disposita, coriacea, nunc plana, nunc COMmpresso-letragona, in ramis
ramulisque sterilibus et florigeris difformia, mucronata et saepe pungentia. Nuculae interdum edules. — Charact. ex Parlatore
in DC. Prodr. XVI, 2, 369.) .
Araucaria, Juss. Gen. PI. 413. Dombeya, Lam. Il. t. 8928 Columbea et Eutassa, Salisb. Altingia, Don,
Araucaria et Eutacta, Link. 4
SPECIFIC CHARACTER : arbor excelsa, 40-50 m. alta; ramuli adulti distichi, adscendentes; folia arboris adultae in ramuis
speciminis feminei imbricata, squamiformia, 4-5 mill. longa, 2 :}; mill. lata, arcuata vel arcuato-uncinata, ovato-triangularia, medio
utrinque carinata, itaque subtetragona, basi obliqua, subrhomboidali inserta, punctulis albis multiseriatis conspersa; amenta mas-
cula cylindrico-conica, paulum arcuata 3-5 cent. longa, 1 ‘}, cent. lata, basi bracteis imbricatis involucrata, inferioribus minoribus
ovatis, superioribus 5 mill. longis lanceolato-triangularibus, stamina arcte imbricata connectivo 2 ‘a mill. longa triangulari, acuto
crasso nitido, paulum arcuato, lobi polliniferi decem, his patentibus
ramus strobiliferus rigidus, ramis sterillibus immixtus, crassior, 4-
subplanis, applicatis; strobilus elliptico globosus, 10-
lataeque, parte superiore coriacea, semi-roduntata exte

breviter mucronulatis, illis concavis apice paulo cucullatis:
5 cent. longus, foliis squamiformibus distantibus, triangularibus
11 cent. longus. 7-8 cent. latus ; squamae obovato-cuneatae, 3 cent. longae

rne convexa sicutque transverse carinata nitida incrassatae, in appendicem

triangularem acutam vix incurvam vel réctam, 3 mill. longam productae, lateraliter in alam scariosam fulvam, fragilem, 1 cent.

latam expansae, medio inflatae ; squemula triangularis, apice tantum libera, margine subtiliter fimbriata. Habitat in silvis Novae-

Pr ee nr (Balansa, N° 2511). (Desc. ex Brong. et Gris} — Vidi viv. in hort. Lind. Gandav. — E. A.
Araucaria Balansae, Brongniart ot Gris, in Nic Aych. du Museum, Mém. T. VII, 3, 206, pl. 13.

the discoverer of this splendid | hooded at the top; it is about a tenth of an inch long,
0 feet. He found it iriangular, curved, shining and coriaceous. The appendage
SurmOunting the scale of the cone is triangular, almost
10 , Cape Bocage, and on the Straight and about an eighth of an inch long.

: New Caledonia, It has the This fine species has at length been introduced in a living
ria emcelsa , which, however, | state and is now in Mr. Linden’s collection; it will pro
and the rich purple-brown | bably be followed by other new and curious Conifers from
nes of the plants we saw at | the same region, so rich in vegetable wonders. The first |
rarly elegant. The leaves are | plant imported was exhibited at Florence, in 1874, under M |
Simple branchlets, | the provisional name of À. Neo-Caledonica. A closer exaïle 5 .
nation has enabled us to identify it with the species bearies
> | the name under which we figure it. Our plate represents
G : - | the habit of a young plant in Mr. Länder’s possession de "
hu ne 1 fs describe the male | the analytical details are copied from Mr. Cuisin's beauü :
plate executed for the Nouvelles Archives du me

rh

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

| >RONG. & GRIS.
ARAUCARIA BALANSÆ, A». Bi

À Linden , Pa /
PB;
Pare nee ad rat mine in Mort Lin

. THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

18

March, 1875.
se MasDEVALLIA AMABILIS LINEATA. — The coloured ! Ghent March 12-17. Bremen A ril 10
portrait of this plant that appeared in our last number | Liége » 98 and 29 Bruges ; 11.
exhibits some inaccuracies in the tints, which we hasten Antwerp April 47. Vienna » 99.
to point out. It is exceedingly difficult, if not absolutely | Amsterdam » 8. Chili Sept 16.
impossible, to render the extremely delicate pink ground, Strasburg » 7. Versailles £ 19 21.

suffused with orange, of our plant; and it is not the artist
who is in fault, but the resources of chromolithography are
simply unequal to the task of reproducing the scintillating
hummingbird-like colours of which we endeavoured to give
an idea in our description.

— À New MEpiciNAL PLANT. — Mr. Minard, an engineer
in Luzon, one of the Philippine Islands, has brought to
Paris the seeds of a convolvulaceous plant, which enjoys à
great reputation among the Tagals as a medecine of extra-
ordinary virtues. Professor Bureau of the Paris museum
believes it to be new to science, and has it under examination.

— Te PHyYLLOXERA. — We learn that Mr. Louis Portier
of Ferrière Cercier, Rhone, thinks he has found the long-
sought remedy. It consists in growing tobacco plants between
the vines. The green foliage drives away the winged fertile
insect; and when the plants are about 18 inches high they
are pulled up and buried in the soil, which their narcotic
properties pervade and thus destroy the insect. Let it be
registered and tried. ;

— À BoTANIC GARDEN AT CHicaGo. — The great City
of the North American prairies is to have its botanic garden.
It will comprise a botanic garden proper, an arboretum, a
garden devoted to general floriculture, a botanic museum
and library, and an herbarium. Professor H. H. Babcock
hâs been appointed director, and the organisation of the
establishment, we are informed, is to be based upon the
same plan that is in operation at Kew.

— NEW DOUBLE-FLOWERED PELARGONIUMS. — Florists
are actively engaged upon this class of flowers, and impro-
vement is rapid. Mr, Lemoine, of Nancy, raised the following
varieties in 1874: Emile Lemoine, Fille d'honneur, Guillion
Mangiülli, Lucie Lemoine, Madame Thibaut, Richard Lavias,
and Venus. Mr. Alegatière of Lyons, who is in connection
with the celebrated raiser, Mr. Sisley, announces a selection
bearing the names of: Henri Beurier, Anna Montet, C.Wag-
ner, Rodbard, Sylphide, Louis Buchner, Henri Lecoq, Louis
Agassiz. Our space is insufficient to give the descriptions
of these varieties, but we recommend giving them a trial.

— PARASITICISM OF MISTLETOE UPON ITSELF. — At one
of the late meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society of
London, D° Maxwell Masters exhibited specimens of mistletoe
from Mr. Corderoy of Didcot, which presented the strange
phenomenon of the seeds having germinated and grown upon
the plant which gave them birth. ;

— CoNTINENTAL AND OTHER HORTICULTURAL EXHIBI-
TIONS FOR 1875. — It may interest some of our readers to
know the dates of the following shows :

— Winter FLowers. — The month of January and early
part of February was extremely mild in England, and the
following plants were observed in bloom at Tooting about
the middle of the second month : Crocus aureus, Lucianus
Olivierii, stellaris, luteus, sulphureus, striatus, Imperati,
Sieberii, versicotor, adriaticus, biflorus, Leucoium vernum,
Scilla sibirica, Galanthus nivalis, G. plicatus, G. Imperati,
Anemone blanda, Eranthis hyematis, Triteleia uniflora, the
variety conspicua. Mr. Fyerman of Cornwall reported the
following plants in flower : Anemone coronaria, Narcissus
minor, N, tazetta, Lris stylosa, I. reticulata, Saæifraga
crassifolia, various species of Muscari, Veronica Andersoni
variegata, Habrothamnus fascicularis, Grevillea rosmarini-
folia, Cytisus fragrans , Vittadinia triloba, Narcissus pseudo-
narcissus, minimus, Telemonius, intermedius, ete. We are
told that the weather has been equally favourable in the
south of France, and winter flowers abundant.

— PouyMorPHiISM OF FunGtI. — In response to the ques-
tion on this subject proposed by the Royal Academy of
Belgium, Mr. Alfred Gilkinet sent in a memoit, which has
been “ crowned , by the Academy and rewarded with a
gold medal of the value of £ 24, in consequence of the very
favourable report passed upon it by Mr, E. Morren. The
author shows that the presumed parasitcism of some species
is an error, and he dispels the last doubts upon this point,
This dissertation will not prove very agreable to the parti-
sans of transformation. Mr. Morren tells us that the question
could not be treated more exhaustively, and he gives the
author the most unqualified praise for the manner in which
be has executed it. The complete work will shortly appear.

— CHANGE OF CLIMATE IN SCOTLAND. — At a meeting of
the Meteorological Society of Edinburgh on the 10th ult.
Mr. Buchan read a paper on the bearing of meteorologicäl
records on the supposed change of climate in Scotland, a
subject on which much has been written of late by Mr. Mac-
nab and others. Mr. Buchan concludes that there has been
no general tendency towards a permanent change, either as
regards summer heat or winter cold.

_— Oprruary. — Charles Lyell, the eminent English
geologist, did not long survive Elie de Beaumont. He was a
most zealous advorate of the slow formation of the earth,
and the opponent of geological periods, determined by suc-
cessive cataclysms. We shall not attempt to review his ex-
tensive labours; but such men may be said to belong to all

sciences, and more directly to botany through palæontology.

E. ANDRÉ,

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 29

PI. CXCVIII.

MASDEVALLIA POLYSTICTA, REICHB. FIL.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER, see I. Hort. plate in preceding part. |

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : folia lineari-ligulata crassa basi valde attenuata De apice pr eme dejecto; racemus
pluriflorus; pedunculus gracilis obtuse triangulus, bracteatus, bracteis ovato-carinatis acutis membranaceo-pellucidis ue triquetra
alato-undulata superantibus; flores sessiles apice pedunculi paulo remoti; sepala basi in nom mento M mie bre coalita, aequi-
longa, sparsim pilosula, plus minus ciliolata, longe caudata, alba v. luteola punctis atrosanguimeis rl rt ie intus aureo-lineata,
superius alteris triplo latius, ovatum v. triangulum circa 1 cent. longum, trinerve, omnibus __… aureis basi purpureo punctatis
apice obtusis dissimilibus 20-25 mill. longis; pefala ligulata apice retusa apiculata serrata, trinervia; labellum aureum lobis lateralibus
angustis oblongis supra lobum medium linguiformem haud apiculatam decurrentibus; androclinium superne serratum. — In Nova-
Granata legit cl. Roezl, anno 1873. — Ad viv. desc. in hort. Linden. — E. A.

Masdevallia polysticta. Rehb. fil. Gard. Chron. 1874, I, p. 338, et IT, p. 290.

This attractive species of Masdevallia was discovered as
recently as last year, by Mr. Roezl, in the cool regions of
New Grenada. It was in the first instance named and
described by D' Reichenbach in the Gardeners Chronicle
to secure priority, and subsequently sent in the living state
to Mr. Linden and also to England.

According to Mr. Roezl's description, the plant is found
in the elevated cordillera, where it forms large tufts, often
bearing as many as twenty spikes of expanded flowers at
one time, giving it some resemblance to Odontoglossum
niveum. There is nothing in this statement to surprise us,
for the plant from which our plate was prepared bore twelve
spikes of open flowers at the beginning of last February.

The flowers are quite peculiar in their aspect, being
sprinkled all over with minute purple dots, standing out
very distinctly on the yellowish-white or flesh-coloured
ground, according to the variety. Indeed there are already
two distinct varieties in commerce, both that with the pink,
and that with the yellowish-white ground are equally char-
ming.

This slight difference does not place any difficulty in the
way of their specific identity, and in all other particulars
they agree with the description given above. In drawing up
our description we were able to correct some errors in that
given by D Reichenbach in the Gardener’s Chronicle, 1874.
IX p. 290. Thus, the caudal appendage of the upper sepal
is not longer than the others in the living plant; it is some-

times shorter, or longer, or of equal length, without any :

regularity, in the flowers we have seen, and of which we
have several before us in the dried state, as we write. The
labellum is not apiculate, but obtuse. It is possible, however,
that these characters varied in the plant, which served for
his description, and the importance would be slight indeed,
if it came from another source than from the grand legisla-
tor of orchids, who imagines himself infallible in his own
glory.

But à truce to such trifles, for they do not affect the
beauty of one of the most charming additions of recent
times to the temperate Orchid-house.

: E. A.

Ë
de.
2
:

L'ILLUSTRATION NORTICOLE

Le

_. ad Rat. pire. ce Horto rt

SERICOBONIA IGNEA, Linn. & ANp.

+ à Linden, fa,

sr

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

MASDEVALLIA POLYSTICTA, Ron8. ri.

PDeDanne À Linden , pal:
Maeker, ad nat pre. 2 Horto Înd. .

a — —
=== a —

s THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CXCIX.

SERICOBONIA IGNEA, LINDEN & AN

DRÉ.

NAT. ORD, ACAN THACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : à word composed from the two
this hybrid.

GENERIC and SPECIFIC CHARACTERS : suffrutex
folia glabra, distantia, ovato-lanceolata basi in petiolum longe
mibus subtus albis prominentibus, nervulis reticulatis; flores in

5 corollae tubo brevi intus inserta, 3 abortiva in squamis
basi ad medium adnatis aequilongis pilosulis apice nudis;

obtegeus; ovarium oblongo-conicum viride, glabrum,

ditum. — E. A.
Sericobonia ignea, Linden et André, gen. hyb.

The remarkable plant, the subject of the foregoing des-
*cription, and of which we here give the portrait, is the
result of the cross fertilisation of two distinct Acanthaceous
gencra, Sericographis and Libonia. Instances of hybrids
between distinct genera are not common. Three years ago,
D' Masters published an account of one (Gard. Chron. 1872,
p. 358) between Lapageria rosea and Phitesia buæifolia,
citing at the same time similar productions, as between
Malva and Malvaviscus, Chamaerops and Phoenix, etc.
D' Weddell (Ann. des Sc. nat., 3° sér. vot. XVIII) had pre-
viously pointed out cases of hybridity between Lychnis and
Saponaria, Ervum and Vicia, Lychnis and Cucubatus, Ipo-
maea and Convolvutus, Nicotiana and Datura, Papaver, and

Chelidonium, Papaver and Glaucium, Lavatera and Hibiseus,

and between Aceras and Orchis. But after all, these are still
very rare exceptions. The names that can be given to these
productions are very perplexing to botanists. In the case of
hybrids between species it is usual to preserve the names
of the two species which gave them birth, but this course
is more difficult with genera, in consequence of the risk of
encumbering nomenclature with long, ill-sounding names.
À very good alternative, employed by D' Masters at the
suggestion of Prof. Oliver, is to devise à partial blending
_ Ofthe two names. In this way the hybrid between Phiesia
and Lapageria became Phiageria.

Whe shall therefore follow this precedent, composing the
name of our hybrid from those of its parents, and call it
Sericobonia. |

It is a curious fact, though there is nothing in it to sur-
Prise those familiar with the results of cross-fertilisations,
that the female plant had little influence on the offspring of
its Seeds, our plant coming much nearer to Sericographis,
which furnished the pollen, than to Zibonia, which bore the
seed.

… În aspect, Sericovonia is entirely distinct from Libonia, of |

adnatis oblongis sericeo-pilosis

antherae hastatae biloculares loculis insequaliter insertis oblongis infra
mucronatis; stylus inclusus (ut stamina) filiformis Coccineus, apice minute furcatus stigma

genera Sericographis and Libonia, to perpetuate the names of the parents of

glaber, TaMOSus, ramis nodoso inflatis subtetragonis lineis 4 subelevatis :
decurrentia, plana, v. subundulata laxe crenata nervis arcuatis filifor-
; racemos laxos secundifloros
longis inaequalibus plurifloris ; calyæ 8 mill. longus, hispidulus, 5-fidus laciniis subulatis
pluribus basi suffultus; corolla subringens, 4 cent. longa, cylindracea subangulata, ex
subaequalia 4 mill. longa, erecta, superius fornicatum integrum obtuse acutum, inferi

dispositi, pedicellis nutantibus gracilibus
fere basim attingentibus, bracteis bracteolisque
tus intusque hispidula, aurantiaco ignea; lobia
us tribolatum lobis ovatis acutiusculis; stamina
nitentibus mutata, 2 fertilia filnmentis e

minium breviter conicum, album dimidio

basi disco annulari Carnoso insertum; capsula seminaque... deficiebant, — Genus
hibridum novum inter Sericographidem Ghiesbreghtianum ( patrem) et Liboniam florib

which it does not in the least present the compact, erect
habit, small , fleshy leaves, and innumerable sparkling flo-
wers. Moreover Libonia differs from it in many other cha-
racters, such as its elliptical entire leaves, at most two
inches long, and very shortly petiolate, flowers not regularly
geminate, very small bracts, orange-scarlet corollas in which
yellow predominate in the upper part, cordate-ovate anthers
And in the absence of the three silky staminodes or barren
Stamens. But although our plant is s0 easily distinguished
from Libonia in habit, it approaches it closely in other
characters, and is in reality intermediate between this genus
and Sericographis.

On the other hand, it differs from Sericographis Ghies-
breghtiana by the following not very conspicuous though
important characters: joints of the stem rounded, swollen
and of a reddish-brown colour ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, not
elliptical, and destitute of glandular dots ; peduncles several-
fowered, not two-flowered; glandless calyx with very long

lobes ; unequal bracts and bracteoles: corolla about an inch

and à half long, slightly hispid, not glabrous, rot purple
but orange purple; upper lip entire and not bifid, etc.

It will be seen how very subtle these differences are,
especially if we remember that the distinguishing characte-
risties of the genus Sericographis, as founded by Nees ab
Esenbeck, are present; apart from the deviations indica-
ted. It also shows the preponderating influence of the pollen
in fecundation, a phenomenon frequentiy proved by Mr.
Naudin and other observers.

Sericobonia ignea will be one of our best greenhouse plants
for winter flowering. We are confident of shortly seeing it
take its place as a market plant by the side of its mother
Libonia foribunda, and disputing the palm with Asphelan-
dre, Stephanophysum, Ruellia aud other good Acanthaceous

plants so valuable during the rigours of rs Le

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CC.

VRIESIA (?) GUTTATA, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

Nar. On. BROMELIACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : Dedicated to Mr. De Vriese, professer of Botany at Amsterdam.

GENERIC CHA

RACTER : sepala tria convoluta aequalia, petalis apice revolutis (an semper?) breviora; squamae cuique petalo

geminae semiadnatae indivisae; slamina exserta tria libera, petalorum basi inserta, tria inter petala inserta iisque basi connata,
antherae lineares planae posticae; ovarium semi-inferum conicum, stigma trilobum, lobis convolutis et sinuatis villosis. — Folia
plana seu canaliculata erecta; flores distichi; bracteis magnis canaliculatis coloratis.

Vriesia, Lindley, Bot. Reg., 1843, tab. 10.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : folia basi le cyathum apertum disposita, loriformia, basi dilatato gibbosa, medio constricta, canali-
culata, mucrone apicali longo deflexo, integerrima, inermia, coriacea, glabra v. pilis raris caudicantibus adpressis induta, supra
viridi-cinerascentia, infra maculis vel guttulis atrosanguineis nunc remotis, nunc in vittis transversalibus (Tillandsiae splendentis

modo) conspersa; flores…..
Vriesia (?) guttata, Linden et André, sp. nov.

This pretty Bromeliaceous plant, which we had under
observation in Mr. Linden’s establishment ever since 1870,
is a native of the province of St. Catherine, in Brazil, where
it was collected by Mr. Gautier, who sent seeds of it to
various places in Europe. Thus, for instance, Mr. Isidore
Leroy, of Passy, received it at the same time, and we have
also seen. some fine specimens of it in the gardens of the
Luxembourg, Paris, and at Mr. Durand’s, at Bourg-la-Reine,
near Paris.

It must not be confounded with a neighbouring species,
of which we also give a portrait, under the name of V.
sanguinolenta, and which comes from New-Grenada.

We have hitherto not seen the flowers of V. guttata, and
therefore we are not certain that it belongs to the genus in
which we have provisionally placed it. We have nothing
beyond the general aspect of the plant to guide us, but this
is à tolerably safe index, and almost everybody who has

— In provincia Sanctae-Brasiliensis. Ad. viv. haud flor. desc. in hort. Lind. — E. A.

seen it agrees with us in believing it to be à Vriesia. The
leaves are united at the base of the plant in the form of a
vase, and are concave and gibbous at the base, compressed
towards the middle, channeled, spreading out flat upwards
and furnished with a long recurved mucro at the top. They
are devoid of spines, and glabrous, or with a few scattered
whitish appressed haïrs. Their upper surface is a grayish
green, and the under surface, of a deep green ground, is
sprinkled over with stains or spots of an intense blood-red,
tinged with violet. These spots are solitary, or collected in
transverse bands, like Vriesia (Tillandsia) splendens, but

| more distant. Their shape varies considerably in the same

plant, and especially according to the age of the individual.
Nevertheless, .it is easily distinguished from all other
species.

We impatiently await its flowering to enable ns to com-
plete our description, E

PE, on

VRIESIA (?) SANGUINOLENTA, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

NAT. OKD. BROMELIACEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER, see preceding plate.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : pl. robusta; folia Billbergiformia e basi (haud gibbosa) erecto

decurvata, canaliculato-loriformia,

marginibus subconvolutis ciliolatis mucronatis acumine abrupte contorto longo deflexo, in parte basilari vaginante furfuracea, viridia,

maculis irregularibus atrosanguineis basi crebrioribus centro viridi ocellatis conspersa, flores….

cl. Roezl, anno 1872. — Ad viv. desc. in hort. Lind. — E. A.
Vriesia (?) sanguinolenta, Linden et André, sp. nov.

We are indebted to Mr. Roezl for this species, which he
discovered in New Grenada (Choco), whence he sent seeds
“fit to Mr. Linden in 1872. It is readily distinguished from

V. guttata by its more vigorous habit, by its ciliated leaves
not being gibbous at the base, and the blood-red spots being
ocellated with a dot of green in the centre. Other differences
will become more apparent as the plants increase in deve-
lopment. Our principal object in publishing them at the
same time is to forestall the possibility of their being con-
founded at first sight by superfcial observers.

We are in the same position respecting the fowers of this

PR

— In Nova-Granata (Choco) legit

species, and its exact relationship. À vigorous plant with
spreading leaves like those of a Billbergia, not gibbous or
bulbiform at the base, rising at first and the upper part
curved downwards, strap-shaped, channeled, margin slightly
curled and ciliate, furnished with an abruptly twisted, long, .
deflected point, more or less clothed with à rusty mealy
tomentum on the under surface. Both surfaces green, varie-
gated with blood-red patches, more abundant towards the
base, and all ocellated with a very small central green spot.

À.

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

#1
2
3
4
3

VRIESEA (!) SANGUINOLENTA. — VRIESEA (?) GUTTATA,

hf"

Fi !
À blomn 7 un
AC, de E Strvobant 2 and

THE ILLU°

-….1T0N HORTICOLE.

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

tes ss

April , 1875.

— PRIZES OFFERED BY THE FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
— We have seen the following particulars published by the
Academy respecting the prizes it has been proposed to offer :

The Barbier Prize of 2000 francs for a valuable discovery
in surgery, medecine, pharmacy or botany, bearing upon the
art of healing.

The Alhumbert Prize will be withheld until 1876 for
treatise on the nutritive value of funguses.

The Desmazières Prize of 1600 francs for the best memoir
on cryptogams.

The Thore Prize for the best work on European cellular
cryptogams.

The La Tous-Mélicoq Prize of 900 francs for the best essay
on the flora of the north of France.

The Bordin Prize of 3000 francs for a study of the integu-
ments of the seed in angiosperms and gymnosperms.

The prizes awarded by the Academy at the end of last
year were as follow :

The Desmazières (1872) to Mr. Cornu for a monograph
of the Saprolegnieae, and 1000 francs to Mr. Bornet for his
writings on Lichenes.

The Barbier Prize (1872, in part) to Mr. J. Chatin, essay
on the Valerianeae. 1000 francs to Mr. Lefranc, on Atractytis
gummifera.

The Desmazières Prize (1873) to Mr. Girodot on the Lema-
neaceae (À Igae).

1000 francs to Messrs. Van Tieghem and Lemonnier on
the Mucorineae.

The Bordin Prize (1873) to Mr. J. Vesque, on the Anatomy
and Physiology of the Dicotyledons.

The Gegner Prize (4000 francs) (1873), Fossit Botany, va-
luable works approved by Mr. Brongniart.

— INTERNATIONAL GeocrApmiIOAL ConGress. — It has
been announced that the meeting will be opened on the first
. Of August, at the Tuileries, in the pavillon de Flore.

— CEDRELA SsINENSIS. — This is à valuable hardy tree
from the north of China; it was named and described by
Adrien de Jussieu (Mém. du Mus. dhist. nat. XIX, 955,
294), and its introduction has long been desired. Now, it
appears, that this has been accomplished. In 1862, Mr. Eug.
Simon sent a tree from China to the Jardin des Plantes of
Paris, and Mr. Carrière took it to be a new species of Aitantus,
and published it as A. #avescens. The same writer now de-
clares it to be the Cedreta sinensis of Jussieu, and therefore
this tree has long been in Europe, though unrecognised.
There is a specimen of it in the Jardin des Plantes upwards
0£25 feet high, with a girth of trunk of about twenty inches,
at three feet from the ground. It also exists in several nur-
series, and is known in commerce as the Yellow Aiïlantus,
vhich must give way to the correct appellation of Chinese
Cedrela,

= VRIEstA Rec (Glaziouana). — The magnificent
Bromeliaceous plant with ample varnished foliage, known
ünder the name of Vriesia Glasiouana of our predecessor

appears

Lemaire, flowered last year in the Imperial gardens at Vienna
under the direction of Mr. Antoine. Mr. Ed. Morren, to whom
the flowers were submitted, recognised in them the F. Regina
of Beer, and therefore it becomes necessary to rectify the
specific name of this plant, which is pretty widely spread in
Cultivation, though it does not appear to have previously
flowered. Its leaves attain a length of 3 to 5 feet with a
breadth of 4 inches ; they are unarmed, smooth, and of a
beautiful bright green. The inflorescence rises to a height of
6 feet, forming a two-ranked panicle of recurved spikes,
Springing from jarge rose-pink bracts. The flowers are white
and exhale a Jasmine-like perfume, Mr. Glaziou has several
times sent it from Rio-de-Janeiro, where it grows in grand
tufts upon the rocks.

— PircamNIA CORALLINA. — We have also the pleasure
of announcing the flowering of this beautiful Bromeliaceous
plant, introduced by Mr. Linden from the forests of Choco,
New-Grenada. It has recently displayed its handsome coral-
like blossoms in the collection of Mr. de Rothschild at Fer-
rières, thanks to the able management of Mr. Bergman , the
head gardener.

— New DOoUBLE-FLOWERED PELARGONIUMS, — Mr. Le-
moine of Nancy is equally persevering with the raisers of
Lyons in improving the -double-flowered varieties of Petargo-
nium sonale. We have received two coloured plates from him,
representing the following new varieties :

Fille d'honneur, white slightly tinged with pink.

Lucie Lemoine, white suffused with lilac ; trusses very large.

Richard Larios, red centre, bordered with white.

Guillion-Mangilti, deep red, fiery centre.

Emile Lemoine, salmon, brighter towards the margin,
large truss.

Madame Thibaut, violet-red, brighter in the centre,

We recommend a comparative trial of these varieties with
those of other raisers.

— GRAFTING PEaRS on Coroxeasrer. — We have recently
again seen a notice of the experiments of Dr. Bretonneau,
the celebrated physician of Tours and a lover of gardening,
on the grafting of distinct genera. He has successfully tried
grafting pears on Cotoneaster affinis and on Amelanchior, The
results were very curious and interesting, and were crowned
with success; but similar experiments on the evergreen spe-
cies, C. buxifolia and C. microphylla failed. We shall have

occasion to entertain our readers again on this subject when

we ourselves resume these experiments, in which we hope we
shall have some followers.

__ Gravorum Serpent. — Mr. Heldreich, Professor of
botany at Athens, found a new Papaveraceous plant last year
near the Laurium silver mines, which are being worked
again. He named it Glaucium Serperi and a figure of it was
given in the Gartenflora of November, 1874. This species
ars to have sprung up from seeds which have lain dor-
mant in the ground for more than 1500 years. This long

preservation is the more remarkable as these seeds are oily

27

and in a general way do not keep well. It is the opinion of
‘Mr. De Candolle that the ancients cultivated this plant for
the oil it secretes.

— Exmmrions. — The great Flower show of the season
at the Crystal-Palace will take place on Saturday May 29th.
— The Midland Counties Grand Rose show and Horticultural
Exhibition (open to all England) will be held at the Notting-
ham Arboretum, on Thursday, Friday and Saturday, the
8th., 9th. and 10th. of July.

— AN ILLuSTRATED MONOGRAPH 0F ALL THE LILIES. —
A splendid work is to be devoted by Mr. Elwes to the noble
genus Lilium, in which he will be assisted by Messrs. Baker,
Wilson, Leichtlin and others. It will be published in parts,
each part containing eight coloured plates by Mr. Fitch,
price one guinea. Address : Mr. Elwes, 6, Tenterden street,
Hanover Square, London.

— À NEW GARDEN AT ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. —

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. à

=

Dr. R. Schomburgk has been preparing a plan for a magni-
ficent garden, which it is proposed to lay out in the vicinity
of the town of Adelaide. Our confreres of the fifth part of the
world make rapid progress in botanical and horticultura]
works.

— INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT COLOGNE. — This exhi.
bition is to be opened on the twenty-fifth of August next. The
Netherlands Steam Navigation Company and the Belgian Com-
pany, whose steamers ply respectively between London, Rot-
terdam, Dover and Ostend, as well as the Rhenish Railway
Company, have reduced the freight of goods to be sent to the
exhibition by 50 per cent, and no duty will be charged on
such objects, unless they should be sold in the country.

— Osrruary. — Mr. Cherpin, the editor of the Revue des
Jardins et des Champs, known in this country more especially
for his partiality to Roses, died at Lyons on the tenth of
February last. Ep. AnDré.

Ph

CROTON (CODIAEUM)

CCI.

ANDREANUM, LINDEN.

NAT. ORD. EUPHORBIACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : An alteration of the vernacular name Codiho, in Ternate, one of the Molucca Islands.

GENERIC CHARACTER : Adeundae, amicissimi lectores, Euphorbiaceae, ex Müller, argoviensi, in De. Prod. p: XV, 1087
Quo quidam in loco ob synonymiam malto nimis locupletam hos adhibere cum perlongum esset, sectionis, cui spectat species, satis erunt.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : Sectionis Eucodiaeum; calyces utriusque sèxus 5-partiti. Petala rudimentaria. Diseus 9 et & evolutus.

Stamina pluriserialia. Styli simplices.

,

Frutices moluccani et insularum Oceani Pacifici glabra. Folia alterna plus minusve spathulata (oblongo v. ovata lanceolata, seu
eliam elliptica) integra pallida saepe variegata. Flores monoici racemosi. Inflorescentiae terminales et axillares unisexuales. Discus
d 5-glandulosus, $ urceolaris. Slamina circiter 25, filamentis liberis; antherae subdistinctae extrorsae. Styli tenues teretes breviter

tubulati. Ex I. Hort., 1867, sub tab. 534.

— CHarACTER or THE Hygrin. — Of vigorous habit,
with erect branching cylindrical stem ; leaves large, or very
large, about ten inches long by three inches broad in the

specimen described in January of the present year. Petiole.

14 to 2 inches long, enlarged at both ends, 1 above,
violet in the middle, green at the ends, continued into a very
prominent midrib, of a pure brilliant orange-yellow beneath.
The elliptical acute blade is somewhat heart-shaped at the
base, with an entire slightly undulated margin, of a leathery
texture, with à beautiful varnished deep green surface :
midrib and principal nerves at first pale yellow, as in
C. maæimum, then changing to a bright orange, encircled
with a narrow zone of the same colour.

This handsome plant was raised by us from seed, the re-
sult of an artificial impregnation of C. maximum with the
pollen of C. Veitchi. Among the numerous crosses in this
group there is none more striking than the plant before us,

which is quite intermediate in its character between the two
parents. It unites the vigorous growth of €. maximum with
the habit, bright hues, and disposition of the colours of
C. Veitchi. We have observed that since Mr. Ed. André, to

whom we have dedicated this our first personal acquisition,

made his description from the living plant in January, it has
gone on increasing in size and vigour, and in the brillancy
of the colours it displays. Hence we entertain a strong hope
that C. Andreanum will take its place among the best acqui-
sitions of late years in Crotons, whether raised from seed or
introduced ; and we also look forward to being able to send
it out next year (1).

Luctex LiINDEN.

RL

( The croton in question belongs to the genus Codiaeum of Rum-
phius, and is one of the numerous varieties of C. pictum, Hook., whose
area of distribution extends from India to the South of Oceania, from
Java to the New Hebrides, the Solomon and the Fiji isles.

ne

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

201

ë
F
#
53
à
:
%
#
À

CROTON (comiÆum) ANDREANUM, LiINDEN.

AZALEA BETTINA DELLA VALLE

(Er. Lixp.)

POeflannemaeker, ad nat prix te bo

À Linden , 4°

203

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

TRITHRINAX BRASILIENSIS, Marius.

37
x.

J Siren,

L | THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE,
TT — —— — ET

RE

PL. CCI.

AZALEA BETTINA DELLE VALLE.

NAT, ORD. ERICACEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC and SPECIFIC CHARACTERS, see JU. Hort., 1870, under plate 171

CHARACTER OF THE VARIETY : — This charming new a profusion of large clusters of double, well formed flowe
variety has lovely pink and white flowers, as delicately | the outer petals of which are soner ht heart-shaped se
beautiful as the Marquis delle Valle di Casanova’s child, white, and irregularly dashed with longit “oi SR dr
whose name it bears ; and Mr. de Pannemaeker’s portrait of | mine bands. S : _ gr
it is a most successful and faithful one. It clothes itself with

PL. CCII.

TRITHRINAX BRASILIENSIS, marrivs.

NAT. ORD. PALMEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : From pee, three, and Optvaë, a fan.

GENERIC CHARACTER : Hermaphrodita aut polygamo-monoica (floribus abortu non omnibus fertilibus). Spathae plures incom-
pletae. Flores sessiles, bracteati. Calyx cupularis, trifidus. Corolla tripetala, petalis aestivatione per marginem imbricatis. Stamina sex,
basi subdistincta, hypogyna, antheris linearibus. Pistilla tria, distincta, stylis subulatis, stigmatibus simplicibus, Bacca plerumque
unica maturescens. Embryo versus verticem dorsalis, in albumine aequabili. Caudex mediocris, arcte annulato cicatrisatus. Frondes
palmalo-multifidae, vaginis et petiolis armatis, laminarum laciniis induplicatis bifidis, filis passim interjectis. Spathae plures basilares,
coriaceae. Spadix decomposito-ramosus. Flores et fructus viridi-flavescentes, parvuli. (In d'Orb. Voy. t. VII, p. 43).

Trithrinax, Mart. Palm. Brasil. p. 149, 241, t. CIV ; — Endl. Gen., N° 1760; Kunth, Enum., p. 247. .

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : Caudex gracilis, diametro 2-3 pollicari in sex ad decem pedum altitudinem evehitur, Ligno est duro,
pallide rubello, et ad peripheriam saturatius colorato, epidermide griseo-pallida. Obique plerumque adscendit ant inclinatur, in superiore
parte dense obvolutus basibus frondium persistentibus, in inferiore cicatricibus frondium delapsarum dense annulatus. Frondes in caudicis
vertice sex ad octo, patentes et erecto-patentes, paucae preterea emortuae et exsiccatae dependentes, flabelliformes circiter tripedales.
Petioli ima basi vaginante sunt instructi e fibris crassis firmis rigidis facta et ita descussatim contextis, ut opus reticulatum efficiant ;
fibrae verticales ulterius promissae in spinas subulatas complanatas exeunt. Antica petiolorum pars gracilis, terminata lamina cireum-
scriptione fere orbiculari, colore saturate viridi. Lamina dividitur in lacinias 22-27 lineares per duas tertias totius longitudinis inter
se liberas, per tertiam partem unitas et connatas, bifidas, intermedias longiores. Spatha universalis nulla. Spadices plerumque in eodem
caudice flores masculos et femineos mixtos continent. Rami spadicis breves, conferti. In floribus masculis, qui superiorem spadicis
plagam occupant, stamina sex, petalis tribus lineari-oblonga obvoluta. Color florum viridulus. Pistilla tria. Bacca ovalis, sr
octo millimetrorum, epidermide viridi, demum nigricante, pulpa parca. — In provincia Æio-Grande ” Chiquitorum, S. Crucis de la
Sierra, prope Cordillera oriental (d'Orbigny) (Marius, in d'Orb. Voy. v. VIE, p. 44).
| bracing sheaths of the base of the leaves. These sheaths are
: composed of fibres which are at first parallel and longitudinal],

then obliquely interlaced, and finally plaited together at right
angles, like the Pandanus mats in which coffee is sent home
from the Antilles and Bourbon. At the summit these strips
unite, forming a series of very long stout spines, abruptly
curved downwards, and evidently intended for the protec-
tion of the flower and fruit from depredatory climbing

This fine Palm is a native of Brazil, which the Indian
Guarayos, who use the: spiny sheaths wherewith to plait
bats, call Sano, near Santa Cruz de la Sierra; and it is the
Huaichich of the Chiquitos. Martius met with it in South
Brazil, Weddelland in Bolivia, and d’Orbigny near the 31"
parallel of south latitude, on the Rio-Parana, it also grows in
Bolivia under the 17th. degree, in clumps and woods.

In addition to its beautiful fan-shaped foliage, glaucous
beneath, this handsome Brazilian Palm offers a remarkable | animals.
peculiarity, It consists in the unusual disposition of the em- . À.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. …

COLQUHOUNIA VESTITA.

This attractive shrub is of erect habit, and the Young
shoots, leaves and calyces are clothed with à dense white
wool or felt. Towards the end of autumn, in October, it is
covered with numerous spikes of minium scarlet flowers, pro-
ducing a most charming effect. It merits more general culti-

wards by Edgeworth at Pyrhunda, and by Griffith in Assam. | vation as it will only need slight protection in the climate of
It came to Europe by way of England, and is still very rare | London in very severe weather. Its flowers are valuable at a
in collections. Most likely it grows at a iderable elevation, | season when there is scarcely anything else except Chrysan-
as it has withstood two winters in our garden at Lacroix, | themums. We believe that the plant figured by Mr. Carrière
and it stems were not frozen until the thermometer fell to | in the Revue Horticole under the name of C. tomentosa is
10 Fabr. | identical with C. vestita.

Two years ago we received a plant in Touraine under the
name of Phlomis species? It is a very pretty Labiate, not
much known in gardens, the correct name of which is Colqu-
hountia vestita, of Wallich. It is a native of the mountains of
India, and was first discovered by Wallich in Kamaon, after-

SELAGINELLA BRAUNII, Baker.

We have repeatedly spoken of the beauty of this perfectly | to a different species, it must be relegated to the synonymy.
hardy Lycopod, which may be seen languishing in many a In our garden it thrives exceedingly well in sandy peat on
hot-house in Europe, under the erroneous name of SeZaginella | a north rockery, raising its handsome emerald green elegantly
Widenowii (*). Dr. À. Braun gave it the name of S. pubescens, | cut fronds in fair contrast with the pale white of its rachis.
but that appellation having been previously given by Spring With Mr. Pellier, at Le Mans the plant flourishes marvel-
lously inthe open air, fully exposed to the sun. Ten winters
have not injured it in the least, and every season it increases
in vigour. Indeed it is only in the open air that it develops
its full beauty.

(1) 8. Wüdenowti, Baker is an entirely distinct species of climbing
habit, attaining a height of 10 feet, or more, and a native of Malacca.
There is therefore no confusion existing as to the proper application
of the two names.

NEW PLANTS.

ODoNToGLossuM CANDIDUM, Lind. & And., sp. nov. Some | plant it does not offer any very striking features, but it is
few years ago Mr. Linden received an Orchid from the pro- | worthy of a place in the cool-house by the side of ©. pulchel-
vince of Cauca, in New Grenada, having the habit of O. put- | zum, on account of the abundance of its pretty little white
chellum, but otherwise materialy differing from that species. | flowers (!).

At the beginning of last year the plant flowered, and its
sr ie many points of resemblance to those of O. | (1) Odontogrossum canaidum, Linden et André, sp. n0v.— Pseudobulbi
de mg Lee mu mi

J . ë x L lacea 15 cent. longa); fotia basi albo-annulata lineari an-
believed to be a native of Guatemala, as well as the type. gustata apice acuta 25 cent. longa 1 cent. lata pergamenea costa subtus

However, * closer examination e si y enable d'us to detect | P'ominente costis 3 translucentibus ; scapus 6-florus et ultra, erectus
a number of differences between nr plant and 0. Egertoni. gracilis anceps bracteis remotis longis carinato-acutis margine scarioso,
The principal are : bracts longer than the ovary instead of florali ovario longiore; fores candidi, parvi; sepala ovato-acuta petata;
only half the len gth; labellum rounded ui D un subconformia sed.obtusiuscula 2 inferiora connata apice lineari furcato;
acute ; a median tooth rising in the centre of the excavation : Re Penturatum apice mucronatum, basi excavatum dentibus
lobes of the clinandrium connivent and fringed, not entire : lut de netibus 2 supra conniventibus, altera in medio excavationis
finally the native country, New Grenada. PER TRE re

We therefore publish the species as n ew, under the name of | tum, — fa nn ovarium DÉMARRER clava-
Odontoglossum candidum, Lind. and And. As an ornamental 5 res mr ve Rue

E. À.

c: $

à THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 34
HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.
May, 1875.
: — ExmiBrTions. — We have received a circular respec- — An INTERNATIONAL PorTaATo 8How. — It has been
4 | ting the forthcoming international Exhibition at Cologne. | arranged to hold an International Potato Show at the

It will be held in the gardens of the Horticultural Society
Flora, and will remain open from the twenty-fifth of August
till the twenty-sixth of September. It will include all garden
products with the exception of grapes and grape-vines, on
account of the Phylloxera, and will comprise eight classes :

Horticulture, hardy and tender plants.

Garden Produce, fruits, products of the jJuices and fibres
of plants, vegetables and seeds.

Garden Architecture, designs for parks and plans for
structures.

Garden ornaments, fountains, statues, vases, etc.

Tools and machinery.

Collections of garden woods, seeds, insects, etc.

Cut flowers and fruit, and models of ditto.

Horticultural literature.

The Committee have entered into negotiations with the
various Carrying companies, and most of them have agreed
to reduce the freight on goods by 50 per cent., and there
is n0 duty to be charged on the objects exhibited unless
they are sold and remain in the country. For English
exhibitors it will be of special interest to learn that the
Netherlands Steam Navigation Company and the Belgian
Company, whose steamers ply respectively between London
and Rotterdam and Dover and Ostend, as well as the Rhe-
nish Raïlway Company, have granted the before-mentioned
reduction.

À sum of 135,000 marks will be devoted to the purchase
of objects for a lottery. Exhibitors will not have to pay
anything for space. A public sale of the objects exhibited

. Will take place after the twenty-sixth of September.

For any further information application should be made
to the Flora Society, Cologne, Prussia.

— Te Exmarprrion AT PaimanezpniA 1N 1876. — The
schedules of the horticultural section in this great exhibition
have not yet reached us. Nevertheless we may state for the
information of those of our readers who intend to exhibit
hardy plants, which have to be planted out this autumn in
the gardens of the Exhibition, should signify their wish as
early as possible to the acting Committee of the Horticultural
section of the Philadelphia Exhibition, and the conditions
under which space will be granted for plantations will be
shortly communicated.

— Tue Inrernarronaz ExmiBrrioN AT BRUSSELS IN 1876.
— In accordance with cireulars received, we announced à

. Great Exhibition at Amsterdam in 1876. It has since been |

decided not to hold it before 1877, after that at Brussels,

where the cycle of International Horticultural Exhibitions

and Congresses began, and whose turn comes round next
Year. À botanical congress will also meet at the same time in
the latter city. We may expect again to see a fine show
of vegetable wonders in the capital of Belgium.

Alexandra Palace, Muswell Hill, on Wednesday, September
29, and Thursday, September 30 of the present year, The
Sum of £ 30 has been placed at the disposal of the commit-
tee by the Alexandra Palace company, as special prizes ; and
it has been arranged that this sum shall be given in the
leading class of twenty-four varieties of Potato in prizes
respectively of £ 8, £ 6, £ 4, and £ 2, the balance to be
added to the first prize in the form of a handsome silver
cup. On the evening of the first day the Committee, judges,
exhibitors and others will dine together at the Alexandra
Palace, under the presidency of Mr. Alderman and Sheriff

Ellis ; and at noon on the second day, a conference of Potato

cultivators and others will be held. The Committee are
exerting themselves to give this exhibition a truly inter-
national character. Schedules of prizes can be had of the
Hon. Sec., Mr. Peter Me Kinlay, 23, Upper Thames street,
London, E. C.

— To PREVENT THE DEPREDATIONS OF BIRDS AND MICE IN
SEED BEDS. — We have lately seen an effectual remedy
employed on a large scale in thé establishment of Messrs.
Transon brothers at Orleans, and though not actually new
it cannot be too widely known, and therefore we may once
more direct attention to it. All seeds with hard skins are
dipped in red lead before sowing. Among others the seeds
of Pines, which these gentlemen sow very largely, are sub-
jected to this process ; and neither bird nor insect will touch
them afterwards. The method is simple and absolutely in-
fallible. |

— Te FRENCH PomoLocicar coNGREss. — The meeting
of this body will take place at Ghent this year, during the
month of September; the exact date, however, is not yet
fixed. We know so much, that the “ Cercle d'Arboriculture ,
will organise an international Exhibition of fruits in that
town. The “ Fédération des Sociétés d'Horticulture de Bel-
gique , has placed a sum of £ 8 at the disposal of the Com-
mittee for the best collection of seedling pears raised in
Belgium. .

— Tue GRAPE-VINE IN CALIFORNIA. — The production

Πtable grapes in California is enormous, to say nothing

of the increase of vineyards, properly so called. Last year,
General Bidwell planted 110,000 canes of the Muscat of
Alexandria for the production of dessert fruit and raisins.
It is said that californian raisins are equal in quality to the
best produce of Malaga.

__ InrronucTION OF PLANTS FROM NEW CALEDONIA. —
The first consignments of plants despatched by the expedi-
tion sent out by Mr. Linden, have arrived in good condition.
They contain several splendid specimens of new tree ferns,
new species of Æentia and Aentiopsis, Orchids, etc. ete. We
have also the pleasure of announcing that some specimens

of the noted and brillant New Caledonian liliaceous plant,

UE

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. a6 À

Xeronema Mooxei, have at length been introduced ina living | accompanied by : e pre _e whose func-
state; and before long we shall doubtless have our senses | tion 1t will be to co ect living plants and seeds.

delighted with the magnificent scarlet flowers, of this
remarkable plant, the introduction of which was so ard-
ently desired.

— Boranicaz AND HORTICULTURAL EXPLORATION OF THE
EQUATORIAL REGIONS OF THE CORDILLERA OF THE ANDES.
— Since Mr. Linden gave up the personal direction of his
establishments, be has devoted all his attention to the or-
ganisation of exploring expeditions to various little-known
regions of the globe, and he was never so actively engaged
in the development of these projects as he is at the present
time. We have already spoken of the important expedition
he has sent out to collect the floral riches of New Caledo-
nia, the New Hebrides, the Fiji and Salomon Islands and
New Guinea. À second party is actually engaged in ran-
sacking the immense forests of the Cassiquiare and the
upper Orinoco, À third is traversing the province of St. Paul
and the Parana country, and a fourth, and very important
expedition is now on its way to undertake the botanical
and horticultural exploration of the equatorial regions of
the Cordillera of the Andes.

This country has already been visited twice at Mr. Linden’s
expense by ordinary gardeners, whose investigations have
done but little for the advancement of science; but this
time a botanist, whose name is well known to our readers,
and who aims at following in the foot-steps of such traveMers
as Ruiz and Pavon and Poeppig, is one of the party. He is

We are not at liberty to say at what point the travellers
will enter upon their labours, but we may mention the
countries it is proposed that they should traverse. It is the
region lying between the plateau of Pasto to the north , and
the Rio Huallaga to the south, touching at Quito, Cuenca,
Loja, Huancabamba, Jaen de Bracamoros, Chachapoyas,
Moyobamba, and the valley of the Huallaga from its source
to its junction with the Amazon, etc. k

— Orrruaryx. — Belgium has recently sustained a great
loss in the death of Mr. de Ghellinck de Walle, the late
president of the Société royale d'Horticulture et de Botanique
de Gand, and of the Cercle d'Arboriculture de Belgique.

His sudden demise caused great consternation among the
horticulturists of Ghent, a few days after the Exhibition at
Antwerp, where this distinguished amateur had gained new
laurels with his splendid collections. The beautiful conser-
vatories at Wondelgem were known throughout Europe for
the fine collections they contained of Palms, Tree-Ferns,
Dracaenas, Aroids, Azaleas, Cycads, etc., which had be-
come famous and placed their possessor at the head of
Belgian amateurs. His courteous and affable manner towards
foreigners of similar tastes won him general respect and
admiration, and his exertions in the cause of horticulture
gained him the esteem and regard of his fellow-citizens.

Ep. Axpré.

PL. CCIV.

ARAUCARIA RULEÏI, Fr. MUELLER.

| NAT. ORD. CONIFERAE.
For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER, see JU. Hort., p. 15, 1875.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER, arbor ut videtur 50 pedes (et: ultra ?) alta ; rami sub à verticillati ;
imbricata adpresso-incurva oblongo-lanceolata acutiuscula vel obtusiuscula haud pungentia dorso n

ervo crassiusculo longitudinal

notata et nitida facie planinscals ; f. ramorum inferiorum lanceolata et subpatentia (videntur polymorpha); amenta mascula crassa
oblonga obtusa ; bracteae antheriferae plurimae imbricatae apice late lanceolato i

“acumimato sursum verso ; antherae 7-9, squamae late

sube bombes basi longe augustatae apice longo acuminato subulato ; nuculae… Crescit in Nova-Caledonia (Char. ex cl. Parlatorei
&

This magnificent tree , whose curiously imbricated foliage
struck with surprise all those who saw the first living
examples introduced into Europe, grows on the summits of
mountains in New Caledonia, at Kanala, and elsewhere,
probably, in the same island. In stature it does not appear
to equal the other species of the genus (4. excelsa, etc.)
but in elegance it is surpassed by none. The hard lnes
are imbricated in four rows on the branches, appressed
and recurved , oblong-lanceolate, slightly acute or à little
obtuse, not sharp-pointed, traversed on the back by a thick
prominent shining rib. Those of the upper branches and
Young seedling plants offer the characters described , but

P. 892, et éd. IT, p. 605 et 607.

des have grounds for believing with Prof. Parlatore that those

of the larger adult branches are probably lanceolate, rather
Spréading and different from the others, that is if herba-

Tlum Specimens have not been confused. The male cones are -

thick and oblong obtuse; staminiferous bracts numerous
imbricated, with a broadly lanceolate acuminate upcurved
tips. Anthers 7 to 9: scales broadly subrhomboidal, narrowed
a the base subulate acuminate at the apex. Fruit unknown.
We agree with Mr. Carrière. in the opinion that this and

to determine with certaint

other New Caledonian species are polymorphous, and difficult
y. ;

&-

nr se CE ed 2

folia coriacea undique dense

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

ARAUCARIA RULEI, F. MUELLER.

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

CE

PITCAIRNIA STAMIN EA, Lonnices.

PDBefannemaeker, ad rai. px. ir Morte Lénd.

88

PAR

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CCY.

PITCAIRNIA STAMINEA, Loppices.

NAT. ORD. BROMELIACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : Named after William Pitcairn an English physician and amateur botanist of some note.

GENERIC CHARACTER : Perigoni semi-superi sexpartiti laciniae exteriores calycina ii
acuminatae, carinatae, erectae, interiores petaloideae longiores inferne in tubum rm mn : : |
liter patentes, basi intus squamosae v. rarius nudae. Stamina in annulo perigyna inserta ; filamenta libera subulata : antherne linea-
res basi sagittatae. Ovarium semi-inferum triloculare. Ovula in loculorum angulo centrali plurima adscendentia “00 Stylus
filiformis ; stigmata 3 linearia spiraliter contorta. Capsula semisupera ovata-pyramidata trilocularis apice septicido-trivalvis, valvis,
introrsum demum fissis. Semina plurima adscendentia teretiuscula, testa fusca scrobiculata, chalaza late discolore umbilicum
setiformem chalazae apicali in acumen longe productae jungente. ÆEmbryo minimus rectus in basi albuminis dense farinosi, extre-
mitate radiculari umbilicum attingente infera. — Herbae americanae tropicae, foliis linearis v. ligulatis saepe spinoso-dentatis
caule erecto simplici, floribus racemosis, bracteatis. — (Ex Endlicher Genera Plantarum n° 1305).

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : caespitosa ; Caricis cujusd. habitu: folia lineari-lanceolata acuta, 50 cent, longa, 15 mm. lata,
erecto-recurva, integerrima, passim furfuracea ; scapus erectus, 1" altus, gracilis, cylindraceus, albido-furfuraceus, ad nodos brac-
teatus bracteis ad apicem decrescentibus ; flores racemosi pedunculis unifloris horizontalibus vel dependentibus 3 cent. longis brac-
tea filiformi acuta ïisque breviora munitis ; calyx triquetrus lobis acuminatis acutis arcte appressis canaliculatis 2 cent, 1/2 longis ;
corolla vivide scarlatina duratione diurna lobis lineari lanceolatis 6-7 cent. longis 5 mill. latis, in tubum connatis basi nudis, a
medio superne revolutis (post anthesin rursum erectis) ; sfamina exserta, 8 cent. longa, flamentis compressis albis basi rubris
antheris erectis filiformibus basifixis 8 mill. longis luteis ; stylus cylindricus, stamina aequans ; stigma trilobatum spiraliter contor-
tum ; ovarium trisulcatum, triloculare. — Nova-Granata. si

Pitcairnia staminea, Lodd. (Bot. Cab. t. 775). Bot. Maguz. t. 2411.

Cochliopetalum stamineum, Beer, Bromel. p. 56.

This pretty plant was first introduced into England by | we (Mr. Linden and I) took it to be a new species, which
Sir Thomas Hardy, who sent it to Lady Camphell more than | wasto have borne the name of P. fuchsioides, but a
fifty years ago. It was described in Loddiges Botanical | careful examination did not reveal characters of suffcient
Cabinet, and afterwards in the Botanical Magazine (in 1823), | importance to separate it from P. staminea.
without any indication of its native country. We are glad | Its charming, pendent flowers, of the most beautiful
to be able to fill this blank, Mr. Roezl having re-discovered | scarlet, and its graceful habit render it worthy of à promi-
it in 1872, in New Grenada. The plants raised from the seeds | nent place in the tropical conservatory, where moreover it
sent by him to Mr. Linden are of a more slender, taller | will thrive under the conditions suitable for most tropical .
habit, with looser fewer-flowered panicles, and longer more | Bromeliaceae, without any special care.
intensely scarlet flowers than those of the type described, and E. A.

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 4

Ë | | PL. CCVI.
DICKSONIA CHRYSOTRICHA, MOORE.

NAT. oRD. FILICES.

4 ETYMOLOGY : dedicated to James Dickson, an English cryptogamist. un À

| GENERIC CHARACTER : sori intra marginales in apice venae inserti; indusium inferum, subglobosum, coriaceum v. mem-
branaceum, cyathiforme, integrum vel plus minus bivalve. — Species plerumque arborescentes, frondibus amplis coriaceis decom-
positis, nonnullae rhizomatae et (2 exceptis) bipinnatae. In America calidiore, Polynesia et in variis locis zonae temperatae (una
Canadensis). nes
Fe S$S Eudicksonia. — Indusium aperte bivalve, valva externa segmentis apice constituta. (Ex Hook. et Bak. Syn. fil., edit,

prim. p. 50).

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : arborescens ; frondes bipinnatae ; pinnae inferiores 30-25 cent. longae, 15 cent. latae ; pinnulae
lineares, inferne truncatae in rhachide excepto apice; segmenta lineari oblonga, dentata, 12 mill. longa, 4 lata, erosa ; rhachis
pilis aureo-brunneis nitidis dense vestitus, rhachides pinnarum et pinnularum asperi dense tomentosi, textura coriacea ; pPinnulae
fertiles pauculum contractae ; sori 2-6 in singulo lobo, valvae suborbiculares. — In montibus Javae, alt. 3300 met.

Dicksonia chrysotricha, Th. Moore, Index Filicum, p. 311.
— Blumei, Mett. (?).
— javanica (?), Blume.
Cibotium speciosum, Blume, mss. — Hb. Hook.
# Balantium chrysotrichum, Hassk., Fil. Jav. 53 ; Id. Bonpl. 1858.
— magnificum, de Vriese, Jungh. Jav. I, 515, 660.
Alsophila lurida, Hassk., Cat., 9, 34; Id. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. II, 147.

This admirable Fern is one of the handsomest tree-ferns | quite young the plants assume this character. We have seen
inhabiting our conservatories. It is a native of Java, where | some fine specimens in Mr. Lindens’s establishment, and
several different travellers have met with it on the moun- | also in the Botanic Gardens at Brussels, well clothed with

tains, up to an altitude of about 10,750 feet. Living plants
of it have repeatedly been introduced into Europe, but it
has always continued very rare in collections, though it is
excelled in elegance by no other fern; and its curious
shaggy golden brown fur would assure it a conspicuous place.
It is impossible to confound this species with any other, the
colour of the remarkable fur or felt which clothes the stipes

of the fronds is alone sufficient to distinguish it. While yet

the golden fleece described. À singlé known species appears
to develop à similar characteristic. It is a New Caledonian
species, of which Mr. Linden has recently received living
specimens, and of which we shall have occasion to speak
again. :

Meanwhile, we are happy to say that late introductions
will permit of this handsome rare fern, so desired by true
amateurs, being more widely spread. BE, &

M'. BLEUS NEW CALADIUMS.

This persevering raiser has just sent out another fine

batch of splendid new seedling Caladiums. They can be had

from Mr. Linden at the present date. All five varieties
described below are first-class. (Editors).

Grétry (B.).— A very handsome and attractive variety, of
good habit and elegant form, displaying a wonderful rich-
ness and splendid contrast of colours. It is the issue of
C: Maxime Duval and C. Auber; the leaf , Which is more
elegantly elongated than that of the former, has the same
carmine red centre, the colour spreading less over the blade ;
and its numerous large white spots are from the latter.

Louise Duplessis (B.). — À grand acquisition , the result
of a cross between C. Duc de Ratibor and C. bicolor fulgens ,
having a leaf intermediate in shape between the two, with
brilliant lake nerves and rose-lake outlines, and the trans-
parent white ground is slightly suffused with pink, and
traversed throughout with very slender green veins.

Madame Heine (B.). —This magnificent novelty is the issue
of C. Madame Andrieu and C. Duchartre, and is very re-
markable for its Carmine nerves, which show off the
white slightly tinged ground faintly traced with

a deep
green network, to great advantage.

Minerve (B.). — A lovely variety exhibiting quite a new

combination of colours. The large well-posed leaf has the

centre and nerves of an extremely bright violet-rose, encir-

cled with a grayish-green , and an outer band of blue-green,

the whole thinly spattered with white blotches.
It was raised from C. Houlletii and Madame Andrieu.

Vicomtesse de la Roque Ordan (B.). — Like the foregoing,
this variety delighted all who had the opportunity of seemg
it at the shows of Paris and Versailles last year, where it :

appeared for the first time.
It was obtained from C. Duc de Ratibor and C! A. Bleu,

and was principally favoured by the latter. The deeply pe :

tate leaf is elegantly lengthened out, and has delicate pink
nerves forming a pleasing contrast with the opaqué snowWy
white ground, which is prettily laced with bright green.

Alcibiade (B.). — À very large and brilliantly coloured

variety, having ample leaves with a scarlet centre and green
bordering, thickly spotted with white. Although this plant
has very large leaves it combines with them a good habit.

CA. Bleu, fertilised by C. Madame Humbelle was is
parent.

A. BLEU,

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

| 4
Ca

FE

TILL

PDDefannemader, ad na: pinx ve Forte {nd

DICKSONIA CHRYSOTRICHA, Moore.

J Linden sub!

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE

June, 1875.

— Te SQUARE BAMBOO. — Mr. Ed. Renard recently
brought before the French Acclimatisation Society a notice
of a new Bamboo, discovered by him on some shooting
excursions in the neighbourhood of the town of Osaka,
Japan, the peculiar character of which is to have square
stems. Mr. Renard never met with it elsewhere in his travels
from Canton to Shang-hae, Han-Kéou and Pekin even,
although he tried in every way to procure it; but he was
assured by Chinese merchants that it existed in the pro-
vinces of Ho-nan and Su-tchuen.

Mr. Renard’'s statement has been questioned ; but we can
confirm it from ocular demonstration. It attains a height
of thirty feet, or more, and has perfectly square stems with
- slightly rounded angles. Mr. Renard sent some plants of it
to Europe, but they arrived at Bordeaux during the war
and were lost. However, exertions are being made to re-
introduce this singular plant, which will probably prove
hardy.

— FRuIT SHoW 1iN LONDON. — A grand International
Exhibition of Fruits is announced to take place in the
Alexandra Palace, Muswell Hill. It will be open from the
second to the fourth of September.

— ENGLISH EXPEDITION IN THE EAST OF CHiNa. — We
learn that the expedition for the scientific exploration of
south-east China has terminated disastrously, Mr. Margary
having been killed, and Mr. John Anderson, the naturalist
to the expedition, narrowly escaped from the natives with
hislife, after abandoning all his collections and instruments.
He went thither to Calcutta, and has since arrived in London.
Distant scientific expeditions are by no means all pleasure!

— HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS AT BRussELzs. — At the
proposed congress at Brussels in 1876, an important motion
will be made by Mr. Morren, namely, the publication of a
Hortus Europaeus, or systematic and descriptive catalogue
of all the plants cultivated in the gardens of Europe. Such
a work would be invaluable if properly carried out, and
we invite our confreres to be prepared with their suggestions.
.. — À NEW PoTATO DISEASE. — À new, and, we fear,

formidable disease threatens the Potato crop in England. It
appears to have been first observed in the trial grounds of
the Horticultural Society, at Chiswick, where it is reported
to have. destroyed the entire crop of American varieties.
It has also shown itself in various other parts of the King-
dom. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley, the eminent fungologist, is
investigating the nature of the disease, which is either caused
by fungus growth or the decaying haulm becomes the seat
of these insidious organisms. Writers disagree in their re-
ports of the origin and progress of the disease. One asserts
that it proceeds from the tubers upwards, whilst another
afüirms that the sets or parent tubers of diseased plants

1 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

the chief sufferers, but it seems that the English varieties
are not exempt, as was at first supposed. It is to be hoped
that this will not prove a serious visitation, but its appear-
ance in so many distant localities gives rise to the gravest
apprehensions.

— Uses or rare Fruir or Opunrta. — Mr. Heritte ,
French Consul at Messina, writes to Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys
respecting the uses to which the fruit of the common Opuntia
or Barbary Fig might be applied. These reddish fruits are
very wholesome and of easy digestion, and their skins, as
well as the leaves, serve to fatten pigs. We may also add.
that a kind of gum is extracted from the Opuntia, similar
to gum of Bassora. But it is the dyeing properties of the
carmine red fruit of the wild Opuntia, which is indelible
and cannot be washed off from the hands, to which Mr.
Heritte more particularly calls attention. It would be pos-
sible to fix this beautiful colour, and as the plant will thrive
où rocky barren soil, it might become a renumerative crop
where absolutely nothing else will grow.

— Pere or Hoxour ro Messns. Bazrer Brormers. —
Itis with pleasure we hear that the well known nurserymen,
Baltet Brothers, of Troyes, have received à high mark of
distinction from the Minister of Agriculture of France. In

‘a special competition they were awarded an object of art

for their nurseries. Never was reward more justly merited,

. and all who are aware of the zeal with which these gentlemen

have promoted arboriculture and pomology, and are acquain-
ted with the numerous publications of Mr. Ch. Baltet, will
join us in congratulating them on their well-deserved success.

— Te ANEMONES. — In the number of The Garden for
May 22, Mr, W. Robinson has done for the Anemones what
he so successfully tried for the Lilies, namely, a descriptive
and cultural review of all the species cultivated in our

gardens. This article is illustrated by beautiful wood-cuts

representing on a reduced scale the 26 species described, and
will prove of great service to the amateur, whom we would
advise to peruse it.

__ Mn. Triserzron Dyer ar Kew. — We hear that this
learned professor of botany has been appointed assistant
Director of Kew Gardens. This choice will have the approval
of all those who are aware of the profound erudition of
Mr. Thiselton Dyer, and his great success as a lecturer on
botany. :

— MasnevaLLtA POLYSTICTA. — The Gardener's Chronicle
of May 22 contains a beautiful figure of this remarkable
species from the pencil of Mr. W. G. Smith, representing
a fine plant, ornamented with three spikes of flowers, grown
by Mr. B.S$. Williams. It is undoubtedly the same species
as that pourtrayed by us in March last, but the labellum is
broader, and the tail-like appendages obtuse, differences t00
slight to be of any moment. À charming plant.

__ RoBINIA SEMPERFLORENS. — Jn a recent number of
the Revue Horticole Mr. Carrière describes a curious per-

43

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 44

petual flowering variety of the common Thorn Acacia or
False Acacia (Robinia pseudo-acacia). This remarkable variety
was obtained by Mr. Durousset, gardener at Genouilly,
Saone-and-Loire; the successive production of flowers is
constant. This is à great acquisition for our parks and
gardens, especially as it is equally as hardy as the type,
from which, moreover, it differs very little in other char-
acters.

— Te Lires. — We would recommend reading the
excellent illustrated and descriptive article on Lilies in “ The
Garden , for April 10, 1875. It comprises all the species
known, and is an epitome of Mr. Baker’s latest labours in
this beautiful genus.

— GYNERIUM KROSEUM RENDATLERI. — On consulting our
notes we find that this variety is so much superior to all

* others in the beauty of its intense colouring, that we cannot

-

too strongly advocate its culture. The month of May, when
they have just begun to start into growth, is the best time
for transplanting Gyneriums.

— FLoweriNG or CoLUMELLIA SERICEA AT Kew. — This
remarkable and interesting plant has recently flowered in
the Botanic Gardens at Kew. It is of more interest to the
botanist than to the gardener on account of its peculiar
structure, particularly the stamens.

— ArLanrTiC IscanD Pranrs. — The valuable and inte-
resting collection of dried plants gathered by the late Rev.
R. T. Lowe in the Canary Islands, Cape Verd Islands, ete.
are to be divided between the British Museum and Kew
Herbariums, the latter taking all single specimens.

— CORDYLINE INDIVISA FLOWERING IN THE OPEN Air. —
According to Mr. J. D. Mitchell, in “ The Garden , this
plant was finely in bloom about the middle of June in the
nursery Of Mr. Simmons, at Falmouth in Cornwall. It has
been planted about ten years, and it is about as many feet

high. The flower-spike is described as being about 3 feet in |

length and 2 À feet in diameter. Last year we saw specimens
Of C. australis from à plant 14 feet high in Ireland; and
there is no doubt of the perfect hardiness of both of these
ornamental plants in the south-western parts of the King-
dom. Should an unusually severe winter kill them to the
ground they will throw up again from the root.

— Te Sumsuz PLanT. — A fine specimen Of Euryan-

gium Sumbut about 7 feet high is coming into flower at
Kew. It is a biennial with elegantly cut leaves which however
it loses when it throws up its flower-stem. It is probably a
species of Ferula. It yields the Sumbul or Musk Root of
central Asia.

— Ogrruary. — It is with deep regret that we chronicle
the death of Mr. Thuret, of Antibes, one of the most dis-
tinguished botanists of Europe. This sad news will be
received with universal sympathy for his faithful friend and
coadjutor, Mr. Bornet. His death happened at his charming
residence near Antibes, where we visited him last April,
when he was full of health, and it was so unexpected that
the whole household was thunder struck. As a Cryptogamist,
Mr. Thuret had reached the first rank among living botanists,
and his discoveries in the reproduction of sea-weeds will
retain this honourable position for his name so long as
science is cultivated.

Another name, that of Mr. Daniel Hanbury, familiar to
almost all botanists in England, and widely known all over Ë
the world, has to be recorded in our death roll. It was with
painful surprise that we heard of his rather sudden death
on April 20, though he had been suffering from fever for
some days. He was an enthusiatic horticulturist, and science
is greatly indebted to him for his successful efforts in dis-
covering the sources of many valuable drugs and other
vegetable products. He did not long survive the completion
of the important work on pharmacography conjointly edited
by him and Prof. Flückiger, of Strasburg. His genial, amia-
ble disposition will never be forgotten by those who had
the pleasure of his acquaintance.

— DESTRUCTION OF THE PHYLLOXERA. — The commis-

. sion charged with the award of the prize of 300,000 francs,

offered by the French Government for the discovery of an
effectual and practical remedy against this scourge + bas
recently decided that it should not be given this year. How-
ever, we are told that a remedy has been found, and it, is
reported to consist ofa mixture of sulpho-carbonates, alkalies
and manure. Mr. Dumas recently made it public, and it has
given rise to much talk. Before long we shall be in a position
to Judge of its merits.

E. À. and W. B; H,

* ILLUSTRATION HORTICQUE

FIL. (?).

“2 De Danremaeker, À n4

À Linden, fé

L ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

CAMELLIA ALBINO BOTTI, Semis D'Îraxe.

. THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE,

PL. CCVII.

DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM, REICH. FIL.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDEAE.

producta. Anthera bilocularis. Pollinia 4, per paria collateralia, — de pente gré cape Er
pseudobulbifero. Folia plana, saepius venosa. Flores solitarii fasciculati v. racemosi speciosi. — E, Lindl. Genera and Species
of Orchid. PI. ,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER: pseudobulbi v. caules articulati-elongati erecti apice 3-4 foliati ;
vosa nitida ; racemi laterales maximi thyrsoidei multiflori foliis duplo longiores ; bracteae minutae incurvae ovato-acatae carinatae
scariosae pedicellis multo breviores ; sepala ovato-acuta petalis obcordatis patentibus margine incurvatis minora, patentia ; Zabel-
um rhomboideum unguiculatum retusum limbo patentissimo. — Flores candidi labello aureo. — Crescit in India orientali, — E. A,

Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, Reichb. fil (?); quo ?... —

folia ovato-oblonga acuta ner-

A sigle glance at our plate will give an idea of the splen- respecting this species, either as to description or date of
dour of this species, which is not surpassed in beauty by introduction, being distant from our library at the time
any Indian Orchid. It is of vigorous habit of growth, and | of publishing this part, and having only our notes taken in
its stems, or elongated, club-shaped, erect, annulated pseu- | Mr Linden’s houses to guide us. Yet we are told that it was
dobulbs are cylindrical slightly furrowed, and crowned with | named by Dr. Reichenbach some years ago. The only mention
three or four lanceolate, acute, shining leaves, flat, or | of it we have seen refers to its exhibition before the Floral
slightly rolled backwards. Each stem bears one lateral | Committee of the Horticultural society of London, in 1870,
drooping thyrsoid spike of flowers, of compact, cylindrical, by Messrs. Veitch, who introduced it, and for which they
perfectly regular outline. were awarded a first-class certificate.

The broad spreading flowers have pure white sepals and | We may succeed in completing its history in our next num-
petals, the latter obcordate, slightly hood-shaped and clawed. | ber. Meanwhile we can only offer the preceding description,
The spreading labellum is of a lovely golden yellow, of a | based upon our notes and sketch and the plate accompanying
_darker hue towards the centre. this article.

We have not been able to find any definite information E. A.

PL. CCVIII.

CAMELLIA ALBINO BOTTI, ITALIAN SEEDLING.
__ nat. oRn. TERNSTROEMIACEAE.
For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC and SPECIFIC CHARACTERS, see JU. Hort., under plate 168, 1874.

CHARACTER OF THE VARIETY : An admirable plant with | regularly imbricated in zones, with obcordate, flat, entire,
stout wood and handsome foliage ; leaves acutely acuminate, | or slightly emarginate petals, the of a beautiful deep rose
distantly toothed. Flowers among the largest of the genus, | in centre, encircled by a marginal band of pure white.

è

. last year that a consignment of good seeds added this splen-

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CCIX.

RHEUM NOBILE, HoOkER & THOMSON.
Nar. Or. POLYGONACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from pew, to flow, according to Linnæus, in allusion to its purgative properties, or rather, it is supposed,
from Rha, the old name of the Volga, near which Rhubarb was found growing. |
GENERIC CHARACTER : flores hermaphroditi (rarius passim abortu unisexuales). Calyx semicorollinus, 6-partitus, persistens,
haud increscens, laciniis aequalibus vel alternis paullo minoribus. Glandulae vel squamae perigynae nullae. Sfamina 9 (rarissime 6) intra

calyci inserta filamentis subulatis, antheris versatilibus ovalibus introrsis Ovarium trigonum. Sfyli 3 (raro 2-4), brevissimi, patuli,

stigmatibus depresso-capitatis cuneiformi-reniformibus indivisis laevibus. Achaenium samaroideum , alata-triquetrum (raro compressum
vel 4-alatum), calycem sibi adpressum longe superans, pericarpio tenui suberustaceo, alis coriaceis vel membranaceis integris. Semen
erectum, triquetrum. Æmbryo in axi albuminis farinosi rectus, radicula brevi supera, cotyledonibus foliaceis planis marginibus
samarae facies spectantibus. — Herbae perennes, Asiae occidentalis, mediae et borealis Rossiaeque australis; rhizomate crasso lignes-
cente, caulibus epigeis, annuis, erectis, crassis, fistulosis vel nullis; foliis latis, saepe amplissimis, palminerviis, integris vel laciniatis,
ocreis membranaceis vaginantibus laxis marcescentibus haud ciliatis; floribus paniculatis vel spiciformi-racemosis, albidis, roseis vel
sanguineis; pedicellis fasciculatis, capillaribus, infra medium articulatis, raro crassiusculis continuis, fructibus junioribus saepius
sanguineis, maturis fuscis. (Meisn. in DC. Prodr. XIV, p. 32.)

Rheum, Lin. Gen. N° 401.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : radix elongato-fusiformis; rhizoma crassum breve, juxta caulem emortuum anni praeteriti emit-
tens recentem simplicem erectum 3-5 pedalem, foliis bracteisque reflexis deorsum imbricatis omnio velatum et columnam conicam
referentem; folia radicalia rosulata, ovato-oblonga obtusa basi cuneata, magna, viridia, nitida, caulinia orbicularia in bracteas tran-
sientia; ocreae foliis bracteisque deflexis omnino absconditae, maximae, roseae, demum lacerae fuscescentes: bracteae diaphano-
membranaceae stramineae bullatae foliis caulinis conformes membranaceae stramineae nitidae supra convexae, superiores rubro-
marginatae; paniculae breves ocreis magnis roseis inclusae, basi flabellato roseae; flores 6 andri et 2-4 gyni, virides, pedicellati, sepalis

6 aequalibus oblongis obtusis; ovarium breviter stipitatum; styli 2-4, stigmatibus capitatis; achaenia compressa vel 3-4 gona, 24

alata, pendula, atrofusca, lateribus tuberculatis. — Species pulchra, habitu maxime insignis, in rupibus abruptis regionis Sikkim,
in mont. Himalayae orientalis, alt. 13-15000 ped. a cl. J. D. Hooker detecta. — In hortos Euro pae e semin. vivis allata, anno 1874.
Rheum nobile, Hook. fil. et Thoms. ZW. Himal. PI. t. 19.— Il. hortie. IT, misc. p. 88. — Meisn. in DC. Prodr. XIV, p. 56.

Es :
Nothing could be more appropriate than the term noble | the height of a man, and probably taller under cultivation.
applied to this magnificent plant by Dr. Hooker, who discov- | This stem is completely clothed with leaves and imbricated,

ered it nearly thirty years ago growing on rocky precipices of | reflexed bracts forming the column of which we have already

the lofty mountains of Sikkim-Himalaya. This accomplished spoken. The large radical leaves are ovate-oblong, obtuse,

botanist relates that he was struck with astonishment at its | cuneate at the base, of a brilliant shining green, arranged

peculiar monumental aspect, when he saw it for the first | in the form of a rosette.
time rearing its conical column, as tall as a man, from The cauline or stem-leaves are of the same shape, gra-
the crevices of the rocks, at an elevation exceeding 15000 dually diminishing in size upwards and passing into similar
feet above the level of the sea. At first, from the distance, | translucent, membranous, bullate convex bracts, of a pale
he was unable to recognise what family it belonged to, and | colour above, the upper ones assuming à beautiful red tinge
he was not a little surprised on approaching it to find that | on the margin. Independently of the colour of the bracts
it was à Rheum, wholly distinct in habit from all known | and the flowers, this is a highly ornamental plant, whose
species of the genus. He brought seeds of it with”him to characters are given in detail in the preceding és des-
Europe at the same time as the famous Sikkim Rhododen- | cription,
rs ES have immortalised his name as.a traveller ; Considering the great altitude of its native habitat in
ut the plant was not to be hadin gardens ,and it was only Sikkim , we may regard it as a hardy plant for our gardens,

did species to our collections. Its long fusiform root lengthens
into a short thick rhizome, throwing up each year à simple
erect stem close to that of the preceding season, attaining

beauty next year, judging from the flourishing young plants

in appearance,

now in Mr. Linden’s establishment, which are very promising
EL à

where we may look forward to seeing it develop its full

sut

rte LUC Dean

ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

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3 M.
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RHEUM NOBILE, HOOKkER & THOMSON.

À Linden , pau "à

PH
Dannemaeher. Mod 5. À

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49 THE ILLUSTRATION

HORTICOLE.

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

one

July, 1875.

— INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT Coroene. — The
English Committee is composed of the following gentlemen :
Messrs. W. Burnley Hume, W. B. Kellock, Robert Warner
and Dr. Hogg, and from what we hear the exhibition promises
to be of a thoroughly international character.

— BoTanICAL ExXPLORATION or CeLEBes. — Dr.'E. d
la Savinierre will shortly leave for the Celebes Islands for
the purpose of making collections of dried plants to supple-
ment the results of M. Beccarï’s explorations in Borneo and
New-Guinea. On his return he will distribute sets in cen-
turies of Plantæ Celebenses at the fixed price of £ 2 per
100 species. To commence with, he solicits subscriptions for

» four centuries, that is £8 for a collection of 400 species.
Apply to the Secrétaire général de la société botanique de
France, 84, rue de Grenelle-St-Germain, à Paris.

[er]

— FLOWERING OF TILLANDSIA MUSAICA. — On our last

trip to Italy we went by way of Lake Major to visit Mr. Lin-
den’s branch establishment at Pallanza, where we saw the
beautiful plant in bloom which we published under the
preceding provisional name (72. Hort., 1873, p. 171). Exactly
at the same date it was flowering in Mr. Bulls establishment
at Chelsea, and he presented it at the meeting of the Royal
Horticultural Society, April 28. But we are much surprised
to learn from the English journals that Mr. Bull's plant
bore flowers “ of a rich orange yellow , with yellow bracts,
whereas our plant had whitish flowers in a bracteate head,
with pale green bracts striped with crimson. We shall,
however, shortly return to this subject again.

— ExPLORATION 0F G A. — We hear that Mr. Bun-
stroem is at the present time in Guatemala collecting plants
and insects, at the instigation of a few earnest promoters

_of science in Belgium. Mr. Morren announces in the Belgique
Horticole that the first consignment of considerable extent
bas arrived in good condition.

— Mr. Darwiv’s New Book. — Mr. Darwin’s late studies
and investigations have given birth to a new book, published
within the last week or two. It is entitled “ Znsectivorous
Plants, , and like all works from the pen of this great na-
turalist it is destined to cause a sensation. It is published
by Murray of London and comprises no fewer than 461

Pages with illustrations. We content ourselves with simply
‘announcing its appearance now, reserving a more detailed
examination of its contents for a future occasion.

— Discovery or re RESTING-SPORES OF PERONOSPORA
INFESTANS , THE FUNGUS WHICH CAUSES THE POTATO DISEASE.
+ Me, Worthington Smith has had the great good fortune
to discover the resting-spores of the Potato fungus. He made
his first communication to the Scientific Committee of the
Royal Horticultural Society on July 7, and he has since
Supplemented it with more complete descriptions and illus-
tations, For the full particulars we may refer our readers
io the Gardener’'s Chronicle for J uly 10, 17 and 24. Here we
have Only sufficient $pace to indicate the nature and import-

+

ri

ance of the discovery. Until Mr. Smith detected the oospores
(resting-spores) of this fungus, it was extremely doubtful
whether they were produced in the potato plant at all.
Indeed, judging from allied species, it was thought probable
that they were not. However, considering the extreme small-
ness of the oogonia and antheridia it is not surprising that
they have escaped observation. This fungus propagates itself
in several ways. The spawn or mycelium permentes the
whole tissue of the haulm and tubers , and here and there,
through the surface hairs and stomates, slender threadlike
branches protrude, bearing simple-spores and sometimes
swarm-spores.

The former are single terminal joints as it were of the
branches, which fall off and vegetate if in a favourable
medium. The contents of the swarm-spores developes into
what are termed zoospores, minute bodies with a tail at
each end, which are endowed with the power of motion for

a short time after they are diffused. Both simple-spores and

zoospores serve Only for the summer propagation or spread
of the fungus. The oogonia and antheridia, the former impre-
gnated by the latter giving birth to the oospore, or resting
spore, occur in the tissue of the potato plant, It is this oospo-
re that lies dormant through the winter and germinates the
following summer and serves to perpetuate this insidious
enemy. Mr. Smith has identified the Artotrogus of Montagne,
which Mr. Berkeley has all along believed to be the missing
organ, with the resting-spores he has observed, It is to be
hoped that this addition to our knowledge of the life history
of the Peronospora infestans may render it more easy to
prevent its ravages.

— Mare Frowers or KETELEERTA ForTuNE. — Until
this year, this handsome Conifer had only borne female
flowers, but the mother plant in possession of Messrs. Ro-
velli of Pallanza, which is the finest specimen in Europe,
was this season covered with male flowers, hence we may
now reasonably hope that before long an abundant har-
vest of seed will be the means of bringing this tree into
commerce.

— ExpPepiTiON TO THE SouTH SEA Iszanps. — Mr. Ch.
Moore, the able director of the Sydney (Australia) botanic

en, has sent à scientific exploring party to visit the
Fiji, Caroline and Solomon Isles, New Britain, and perhaps
also New Guinea. The vessel was chartered by Mr. W. Mac
Arthur, a private citizen of Sydney. À Dane is entrusted with
the task of superintendig the botanical collections. We trust
this spirited enterprise will meet with the success it deser-
ved, and contribute largely to the advance of science.

__ PrespenCy 0F ComTE DE KERCHOVE. — We are grati-
fed to hear that this distinguished amateur has been elected
to fl the post of President of the Royal Agricultural and
Botanical Society of Ghent, vacant through the death of
Mr. Ghellinck de Walle. The society will certainly not retro-
grade under his patronage and direction,

i 4
ki à]

Re EN

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.
51 |

Hormcuzruraz Crus 1x Lonnox. — This useful insti-
tution is now an accomplished fact. The seat of the society
is Adelphi Terrace, Strand, and the Rev. W. H. Dombrain
has been nominated president.

— Tax Frurr Maxvaz. — We have received the new
edition of this excellent book from the pen of our friend

OT EE D TA Eu

Dr. Hogg, and can cordially recommend it to all those in

any Way engaged among fruit trees.

— Osrruary. — Mr. William Rollisson, the wel] known
nurseryman of Tooting, died on the 10 of June last, at the
age of 73 year. He was one of the good old school of gar-
deners, combining a sound practical knowledge with a
hearty manner, that will be greatly missed by his contem-
poraries.

E. AnDpré and W, B. Hemsrev,

PL. COX.

CROTON (CODLÆUM) BELLULUM, cINDEN & ANDRE.

NAT. ORD. EUPHORBIACEAE.

For the ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC and SPECIFIC CHARACTERS, see TU. Hort. 1875, under plate 201.

CHARACTER OF THE VARIETY : arbuscula erecta,

datione adulterina curante amie. L. Linden inter

ramis gracilibus petiolisque roseis; folia lineari-lanceolata integerrima
basi longe angustata, apice acutiuscula, breviter petiolata, supra medium viridia luteo-

punctata, infra utrinque aurea. — E fecun-

©. Weismannianum et C. cornutum orta, anno 1874. — E. A.

Codiaeum (Croton) pictum, Hook., var. bellulum, Linden and André.

This charming miniature Croton among others is the
result of some hybridisations effected a few years ago by
M° Lucien Linden, between the new varieties in commerce
at the time. It is a cross between C Weismannianum (male)
and €. cornutum (female). It is an undershrub of liliputian
proportions, erect in habit, having its slender branches
tinged with rose pink, as are also the petioles. Its numerous
entire linear-lanceolate acute leaves ascend, forming a very
acute angle with the stem, or they are sometimes slightly
Spreading, very much narrowed downwards and borne on
short petioles, The upper half of the blade is of a rich dark

green dotted with yellow; and the whole of the lower part |
as well as the midrib, is of a golden yellow. à
In this pretty acquisition we have the characteristics of
neither of the parents reproduced, as it has neither the
terminal erect horn of the leaf of C cornutum, nor the.
broad richly coloured foliage of C. Weismannianum. It is :
the very reverse of €. Andreanum, another gain of Mr. J.
Linden’s, recently published in this work, which is the |
strongest grower of hot-house varicties yet known. :

ÆE. Anpré.

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

CROTON («coniÆum) BELLULUM, LiNDEN & ANDRé.

(Grandeur naturelle.)

J Cire , publ
RRemaeker, ad nat. pirx er Porto Lnd de

L' ILLUSTRATION HORTIC OL:

PAkDannemaeker, 46 rat PIRE. tn forte Lird

EPIDENDRUM PANICULATUM, REINWARDT. J Linden, pull à

83 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE ”
_ = — ER re sa x

PL. CCXI.

EPIDENDRUM PANICULATUM , REINWARDT.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from iri, upon, and devdpoy, a tree, growing on trees — epiphytal.

GENERIC CHARACTER : Sepala patentia, subaequalia. Petala sepalis aequalia v. angustiora, rarius latiora, patentia v. refl
Labellum cum marginibus columnae omnino v. parte connatum, limbo integro v. diviso, disco Le calloso chlsts v Fees ;
nunc in calcar productum ovario accretum et cuniculum formans. Columna elongata, clinandria marginato Fee snléhte PEER
carnosa, 2-4 locularis. Pollinia 4, caudiculis totidem replicatis annexa. — Herbae am sions ‘ot . Fr pes = ; me
pseudobulboso, nunc elongato apice folioso. Folia carnosa, rarissime venis elevatis striata. Flores sde racemosi lui n
paniculati, terminales v. laterales. — (Lindley Genera and Species of Orchid. PI. p. 96.)

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : folia oblongo-acuminata; peduneulus vaginis acuminatissimis membranaceis vestitus; panicula com-
posita divaricata, bracteis pedicello brevioribus, sepalis oblongis, petalis filiformibus, labelli quadrilobi lacinüs posticis brevibus
semicordatis obtusis, anticis linearibus divaricatis, callis duobus lineisque 3 brevibus elevatis contiguis.

Epidendrum paniculatum, Reinw., F. Peruv., syst. p. 243.

sé laeve, Lindl., in Bof. Reg., 1844, p. 17.

This Orchid is rather widely dispersed in the north-west | Æ. p. longicrure with very acuminate leaves, and very long
of the continent of S. America. Hartweg found it in | falcate anterior lobes to the labellum, and E, p. cuspidatum,
Colombia, near Popayan; Linden in Caracas; Funck and | leaves oblong, abruptly cuspidate.

Schlim in divers parts of Venezuela; Matthews and Bridges | A third that we saw in bloom has much larger panicles
rediscovered it in Peru; and Bridges found it in the north | than the type, and flowers twice as broad, with obtuse lobes
of Bolivia. Ît is à beautiful plant, varying greatly in the | to the labellum. Sometimes the panicles attain a large size
size and shape of its flowers. We saw, and sketched, several | and are covered with a profusion of more or less fragrant
very distinct forms in Mr. Linden's establishment, which at | flowers of the most delicate lilac tint relieved with white.
first might almost be regarded as distinct species, but we | Allof them are easily cultivated cool-house plants of tall
think it wiser to accept Lindley's opinion that they are | growth, with long upright stems, which when crowned with
varieties of a polymorphous species. He distinguished two | their tall flower-spikes are very attractive.
principal forms of it:

E. Axpné,

NEW BEGONIAS.

The section of Begonias called incarnata or insignis is | merous salmon-coloured flowers, about 1/2 inches in dia-

still a novelty in horticulture, but it already numbers some | meter. :
beautiful varieties. The type is à native of Brazil. It is a | Mons. de Bouchaud de Bussy : An exceedingly free-bloom-
half shrubby plant, whose chief merit is flowering in winter. | ing variety, of good habit; flowers fleshy pink, very clear
Mr. Schmidt of Lyons conceived the idea of fecundating it | in colour.

with some of the tuberous-rooted species ; and he has had
the good fortune to raise a new race of almost continuous-
flowering varieties, which will prove of the utmost value
as decorative plants. Below we give the names and brief
descriptions of some which will shortly be sent out, and
to which we direct special attention.

Caroline Schmidt.— Dvwarf, good shape and habit; flowers
nearly 2 inches in diameter, pure white in a conservatory,
but sligthly tinted when exposed in the open air.

Madame Fanny Giron : À strong grower, clusters appear-
ing fairly above the leaves, containing about 15 deep orange-
scarlet flowers. à

Madame Thibaut : À dwarf branching variety, with nu-

foliage ; flowers very large, deep rose, shot with violet.

bloomer; flowers of a deep rose.

Mons. Victor Lemoine : An extremely free-bloomer; flowers
in clusters of about 15 to 18, rich carmine tinged with violet.
An extra variety strongly recommended. Habit perfect ;
flowers borne above the deep green foliage. .

Mr. William Bull : Dwarf with toothleted leaves; flowers
large , bright rose with a white centre. Admirable.

The raiser will shortly send out these beautiful plants,
and they may be obtained through Mr. Linden, 52, rue du
Chaume, à Gand, Belgique.

Lens es

Mons. Henri Truchat : À branching variety with dense

Mons. Louis van Houtte : Vigorous, of good habit, profuse

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 56

PL. CCXILI.

BEGONIA GUNNERAEFOLIA, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

Nat. Or. BEGONIACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : dedicated to Begon, a French patron of botany. |
GENERIC CHARACTER : Fuores maso. Sepala 2. Petala saepius 2, interdum mulla, rarius je Stamina toro subeonvexo vel
convexo inserta, nunc toro magis producto vel filamentis concretis plus minus monadelpha, antheris REFUS elongatis lateraliter
ramis 2 dehiscentibus, nunc abbreviatis aut loculis versus apicem dehiscentibus. FLores FEM. Lobi saepius 6, nunc ie aut 6-3, ex-
terioribus plerumque majoribus. Styli 3, rarius 2, rarissime 5-4, basi plus minus coaliti, caduci, Re F auriculato-bilobi y.
subelavati, rarissime (Eupetalum) bifidi cum ramis subdivisis. Ovarium externe 3-costatum v. 3-alatum, rarissime 2 aut 4-5-alatum,
interne 3-rarius 2-rarissime 4-5 loculare. Capsula inaequaliter, rarius aequaliter 3-alata, rarissime 4-6-alata, — Herbae, suffrutices
vel frutices, lubere, caudice vel caule donati; nunc subcarnosi, interdum subscandentes; foliis penninerviis, vel Palminerviis, vel
nervo medio majore palmipenninerviis, vel peltinerviis, plerumque dentatis saepius indivisis, nunc lobatis, rarius subpartitis ; floribus

albis roseis rarius rubris, rarissime luteis. (D C. Prod. XV, p. 278.)

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : frutex erectus, caule simplici vel pauciramoso, tereti, ad nodos petiolarum incrassato, cicatrisato,
sicut in petiolis et peduneulis in juniorem plantam squamis patulis membranaceis vel scariosis late triangulis albido-roseis dense
vestito, lana pubeque ferruginea plus minus incrassata sparsim induto: folia basi bistipulata stipulis amplis caducis late ovato-acutis
scariosis undulato-carinatis; petioli divaricati, robusti, 15 cent. longi, cylindracei; limbus maximus, patens, subplanus, oblique
orbiculatus lobis mediocribus marginalibus subacutis dentatis, pagina superiore laete viridis rugosula pilis minutis adpressis contortis
remotis conspersa, inferiore glabra nervis radiatis pluries furcatis fusco-puberulis; énflorescentia in cymas axillares pedunculatas
subglobosas decompositas disposita, pedunculis pedicellisque fulvo lanatis bracteatis bracteis scariosis brunneis ovato-cucullatis, flores

masculi pedicellati, minuti,

sepalis 2-ovato-obtusis extus ferrugineo-albidis, petalis 2 subconformibus albis; stamina penicillata fili-

formia : fl. femineos capsulasque haud vidi. — In provincia Antioquia (Paramo de Ruiz prope Tolima) Novo-Granatensium legit Roezl,

1873. Ad. viv. desc. in hort. Lind. — E. A.

Begonia gunneraefolia, Linden et André, Lind. Catal. 93, p. 3.

This Begonia, one of the handsomest of the genus in its
upright arborescent habit, and enormous leaves — which
caused us to compare it to à Gunnera, was discovered by
Mr. Roezl in the province of Antioquia, New-Grenada, who
sent seeds only of it to Mr. Linden some years ago. Its
ample foliage at once struck us; and Mr. Triana, the
accomplished New-Grenadian botanist, whom we consulted
in the matter, thought at first it must be the B. parviflora
Of Poeppig, which he himself had rediscovered near Tuquer-
res, in the south of N. Grenada. Curiously enough, too,
before he had identified his specimen with the 2. parviflora
Of Poeppig, he anticipated us in selecting the name of gun-
neraefolia. However, his plant proved to be the same as
Poeppig’s collected at Pampayaco, in Peru, and since found
by various travellers in different parts of the eastern Cor-
dillera; but a careful comparison with Dr. Triana’s speci-
mens, and those in the collection of the Paris Museum,
shows that our plant is very distinct, differing in some
very decided characters. The lobed leaves Of B. parviflora,
in the way of Ricinus, its woolly young leaves, and more
especially the absence of scales, are very characteristic of
our plant species. Nevertheless it belongs tothe arborescent
section, of which Poeppig’s 2. barviflora is a member,
and of which B. arborescens, Raddi, and 2. Hookeriana,
Gardner, are the handsomest représentatives. can

There are several undescribed species in herbariums that
are closely allied to B. gunneraefolia. For instance, à beau-
tiful plant collected by Weddell in the Sierra d'Estrella,
Brazil, bearing the number 865 in the herbarium of the

Museum of Paris. It differs from ours, independently of the
country, in its more deeply lobed leaves, and in its petioles,
peduncles and under surface of the leaves being clothed with
a thick russety golden tomentum, and the upper surface of
its leaves is covered with glandular hairs. Another, found
by Mr. Claussen at Novo-Friburgo, in the province of Rio
Janeiro, Brazil, in November, 1842 (N° 26, H6. Mus. Par.),
also comes near B. gunneraefolia, but it is distinguished by
the shorter scales on the petioles, glabrous peduncles, 9 or
10 inches long, and by the oval acute bracts of the pedicels
being clothed with a fawn-coloured tomentum. In our plant
the pedicels are covered with large oval membranous bracts.
The unique Specimen, to which we allude, is, however, near
Ours and might be called 2. Claussenii, Ed. André, in
memory Of the botanical collector and geologist who for
twenty years traversed the province of Minas Geraes in
Brazil and enriched our herbariums with numerous valuable
new species.

Begonia gunneraefolia, for the characters of which we refer
to the preceding Latin description, will prove of great
value as an ornamental stove plant, its fine large leaves
being disposed in a similar manner to those of Coccoloba
pubescens, We know only one species, B. Boiviniana, À. D C.,
an admirable plant from Madagascar, which has not yet
been introduced, that surpasses ours in the size of its leaves.
We have already seen growing leaves of B. gunneraefolia
sixteen inches in diameter. On the other hand, the flowers
elatively insignificant.
se k E. Annré.

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

BEGONIA GUNNERÆFOLIA, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

À Linden, pa

PDeÿ
MRemaeher ad
* PERL px. th Morte Lind

August, 1875.

— Lerrer FROM Dr Hooker. — A short time ago we
received an interesting letter from Dr Hooker, from which
we extract the following items of news relating to Kew
Gardens.

“ The arboretum and fructicetum at Kew increase in
importance from year to year. We are rapidly progressing
and I hope to complete them next year. Afterwards the
nomenclature must be thoroughly revised, the numerous
vacant places, caused by the death of various species,
filed up, and certain desiderata obtained from some of the
Botanic Gardens of Europe. The new Pinetum is also in a
4 satisfactory condition.
à “ Hitherto 1 have been too busy to finish my report for
44 1874, but you will get it in the course of a few days. The
ne. Government has associated Mr. Th. Dyer with me as assis-
tant director, so that I hope soon to work up all arrears.

“ We have lately sent off 16 Wardian cases to various
4 parts of India, containing plants off the best varieties of

Coffee, procured from Cape Coast, where the best sort
__ known are cultivated. ,

ï This last sentence embodies some valuable information ,
ë which colonial Governments should not be slow to utilise.
The superior varieties cultivated in Liberia and on various
parts of Cape Coast, in equatorial western Africa, might
4 be advantageously employed to replace the older ones im
À the West Indies, and other regions where coffee is exten-
sively grown.

— Concress or Grocrapmroan Scrence. — The Exhibi-
tion in Paris of objects connected with the science of geo-
graphy was opened with great ceremony on the fifteenth
of July. The rich and varied display indicates the enormous
strides that geography has made of late, and the importance
of this grand science in its relations to all other branches
of learning. _.

The opening meeting of the International Geographical
Congress was held on the first of August, in the large state
saloon of the Louvre. The ceremony, at which we were present
as a member of the Congress, was very imposing. Monsieur
de la Roncière le Noury, minister of the marine, presided.
The delegates from various countries each spoke in his own

FM ee en A ER PP D en de

in different parts of the world. On the morrow and following

days the Congress was divided into seven sections, pro-
ceeding with their several labours. At the time we are
writing they are actively engaged, and we postpone until
next month à summary of their labours which bear upon
the natural sciences.

— Exproramon or Paraeuay. — News of the expedition
conducted by Keith Johnston has reached Europe. With
Mr. Johnston are associated Mr. Ch. Twite, a geologist, and

Suayan government has failed to fulfil its promises, these
&entlemen will carry out their project. In the first place

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

language, giving an account of the progress of geography |

Mr. Balansa, a botanist. Notwithstanding that the Para-

=

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

de

they went to the town of Assuncion, and from thence they
travelled southward, towards the Parana, which they reached
near Ytapua. Johnston continued his travels, going up the
Paraguay, in order to-reach the Cordillera by land, tra-
versing Concepcion. But since that date we know nothing
Of Mr. Balansa’s movements , whose frst step, it is reported,
resulted in the discovery of the famous new Water Lily, of
which he sent seeds last year to Europe.

— Pomorocrcaz Coxcress AT Grenr. — It is announced
that a large number of persons have signified their inten-
tion to take part in the proceedings of the Congress. His
Majesty the King of the Belgians offers a large gold medal
for competition in the exhibition ; and several amateurs will
throw open their gardens to members of the Congress.
Foreigners, too, may be sure of enjoying a hearty reception,
The opening meeting is fixed for Sept. 20, at eleven o’clock.

The exhibition will Jast from sept. 19th. to the 24th. The

programme is very comprehensive, embracing 71 classes,

divided into seven sections : Various Fruits, Pears, Apples,

Stone Fruits, Grapes, ete. The prizes include twelve gold

medals. Communications should be addressed to Monsieur

F. Burvenich, secrétaire de l'exposition, à l'École d'Horticul-

ture de l'État, à Gand, Belgium.

__ Exmrærmon or Roses ar Lyons. — The prefect of
the Rhône has refused to accord his permission {0 hold the
show announced in a former number of this journal.

_ Exrerrions 1x TRE Unrren KiNGDOM IN SEPTEMBER. —
1. — Royal Horticultural Society, south Kensington. Mee-

ting of Fruit and Floral Committees.

9, 3 and 4. — Great Fruit show at the Alexandra Palace.
Manager, Mr. Makenzie.

7. — Crystal Palace, Fruits and Flowers.

8, — Glasgow and West of Scotland Horticultural Society,
Autumn Show. Sec. F. G. Dougall, 167, Canning-
street, Glasgow.

8 and 9. — Brighton and Sussex Horticultural Society's Show.
Sec. Edward Carpenter, St. J ames’s street, Brighton.

d 14. — Carnation Show at the Botanical Gardens,

: ou Flower Show in Edinburgh. Sec. J. Stewart, 5,
Ajva street, Edinburgh.

_ ConrnenTAL EXHIBITIONS. — The Horticultural Asso-
cations of Lyons will hold a Show of Plants, Flowers,
Fruits, Vegetables , and Objects of Art and Manufacture ,
connected with gardening On the 9, 10, 11, du Sept. 1875,
in the Place Morand, at Lyons. Address Monsieur Bergeron,
20, rue du Chapeau rouge, à Lyon- aus pd <

The Horticultural Society of the Seine and Oise il open
an Exhibition at Versailles on Sept. 19, which will remain
open until the 21.

We may remind ou
Jogne, to which we have
Aug. 23 till Sept. 26.

r readers that the Exhibition at Co-
alluded several times, is open from

59 TH£ ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 60

— Economicar LABELS. — Recently we directed attention
to the improvements effected by Mr. Girard-Col, of Cler-
mont-Ferrand in his garden labels. One of the principal
obstacles in the way of their general use was their high
price, which put competition with the much cheaper wooden
labels out of the question. But this obstacle has been re-
moved. Mr. Girard-Col writes that he has been able to lower
the prices materially, and is now prepared to furnish the
zinc-parchment labels from four shillings per thousand, and
above. We strongly recommend gardeners to give them a
trial; and we confidently predict that these labels will soon
supersede all others.

— STIPA PENNATA. — Mr. Füldessy, seed merchant at
Buda-Pesth, Hungary, collects and dries the feathery inflo-
rescence of this elegant grass on a large scale. It is exceed-

ingly abundant in the plains of Hungary; and Mr. Füldessy .

supplies it at the rate of about eighteen pence per pound.
A case of 50 kilogrammes (110 Ibs. 5 ozs. 10 drms.) costs £ 8.

— FLOWERING 0F Yucca GLORIOSA IN SCOTLAND. — A
correspondent of The Garden says that there are two plants
Of this Fucca now in flower in the gardens at Hawkhill
Lodge, Largs, Ayrshire. One of the plants is 14 feet 3 inches
high, and has over 1,300 flowers on it. This plant is more
* than thirty years old, and has never flowered before.

— THE PoTATO-DISEASE AND rue Frurr Crop iN THE
Uxrren KinxGpom. — The Potato-disease this season is widely
spread, and like by to prove very disastrous, On the other
hand, the fruit crop generally is above the average, and
many kinds are extremely abundant.

— “ Tae FLoraz , ManuRe. — There has been a great
deal of talk lately about this new manure, which is intended
more especially for ornamental plants. When it was first
introduced it was so highly puffed that cultivators fought
shy of it. Nevertheless, it would appear from many com-
munications we have received that it really produces remark-
able results. Those desirous of giving it a trial should apply
to Monsieur A. Dudouy et OC, 38, rue Notre Dame des
Victoires, Paris.

— OBITUARY. -— France, and, indeed, Europe, has just
lost one ofits brightest ornaments in the horticultural world.
André Leroy of Angers is dead; and his funeral on the
26 July was attended by a large and sympathetic concourse
of his fellow citizens. His nurseries had a world wide repu-
tation for the splendid collection of trees and shrubs they

contained. For three quarters of à century his name has been
identified with one of the best and largest horticultural
establishments in the world. He was 73 years of age, and
succeeded his widowed mother. The fruit-tree department
of his nurseries furnished the material for his magnificent
and admirable Dictionnaire de Pomologie, which only awaits
the elaboration of the Stone Fruits to be complete.

And his collection of forest and ornamental trees was unri-
valled, without which, and his generous hospitality, the
Dendrologie of professor K. Koch would never have seen the
light. The influence he exercised in his own neighbourhood
was remarkable; he created a distinguished horticultural
world around him by his personal example and encourage-
ment. À chevalier of the Legion of Honour, director of the
Angers branch of the bank of France, and correspondent of
the Central Horticultural Society of France, he was the
honour and pride of his countrymen; and he succeeded
in wresting the palm of horticultural preeminence from
Orleans, to secure it for the advantage and profit of the
city of Angers.

We enjoyed the honour of being received by this father
of gardening last year, and we recall the pleasures of a
prolonged visit, passed with him in viewing the treasures,

of his beautiful nurseries. It is at the same time a sad and

a rich reminiscence; and we wish to pay our tribute of
respect to the venerable pioneer of modern arboriculture.
Mr. Boreau, professor of botany and director of the botanic
garden at Angers, died a short time before Mr. A. Leroy,
at the age of 72 years. He is widely known by his excellent
Flore du centre de la France; a work of considerable extent,
which first appeared under the auspices of Comte Jaubert,
but quickly reached à third edition. F ormerly he was à
firm supporter of Jordan in his views respecting the limit-
ation of species, and the third edition of his work bears

too strong evidence of this fact; but latterly his opinions

on this subject underwent considerable modification; and
we awaited with lively interest the appearance of a supple-
ment to his publications on the botanical region which he
knew so well.

He was our first botanical teacher, and we have always
been honoured with his personal friendship, the remem-
brance of which will not fade from the heart of a faithful
and grateful scholar.

E. AnDRé,

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOL£

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THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

PL CCXI.

ASTROCARYUM MURUMURU

NAT. ORD. PALMACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : From aspoy, star, and Z4pV0Y, nut.
GENERIC CHARACTER : flores monoici (recentes suavissime fragr
aperta lignescente cincto : Masc. in superiore ramorum parte dense in

> MARTIUS.

antes) in eodem spadice spatha simplici fusiformi ventre
alveolis sessiles : calyx exterior 3 partitus vel 3 fidus tener
basi pro trajicientibus vasis pervius, laciniis 3-angularibus erectis, interior 3-partitus vel sub 3-sepalus, laciniis oblong lanceolatis
erectis membranaceis vel basin versus carnosiusculis. Stamina abortu 6 ex imo calyce interiore orta, sepalis internis per paria
opposita rara plura plerumque param exserta (inclusa END.) filamentis filiformibus (vel e basi lata subulatis) erectis, antheris
lineari-subsagittatis dorsifixis incumbentibus. Ovarii rudimentum minimum, styli vix ulli (nullive) stigmatibus 3 in corpus floccoso-
gelatinosum conicum v. lobatum confluentibus. Feu. infra masculorum spicas solitarii in rhachi vel in pedunculi parte dilatata
sessiles bractea marginali duplici obvoluti ; calyx exterior urceolatus obiter 3-dentatus pergameneus nervosus sicciusculus ; interior :
urceolatus-carnosus, ore contracto subtridentato tandem irregulariter 3 fido intus basi in annulum membran aceum elevatus, uti
exterior foramine orbiculari pervius. Ovarium ovatum, loculis 2 rudimentariïs 1-loculare; stylus 1 (crassus ovario subattenuatim
continuus), stigmatibus 3 (distinctis) subulatis (in planta praesertim subtrigonis intus papilloso-venosis). Drupa ovata vel subglobosa,
apice rostrata, monosperma, carne crassiuscula valde fibrosa, putamine osseo vertice triporoso. Nuclei testa venosa. Albumen aequabile
corneum album centro cavum. Embryo intra porum apicalis. — Palmae mediocris altitudinis rarius acaules locis silvaticis humentibus
sparse vel subcaespitosae degentes. Caudex, exceptis annulis, undique aculis validis atris horridus. Frondes omnes terminales, pinnatae ;
pinnis linearibus, approximatis, aculeato-ciliatis. Spadices simpliciter ramosi, aculeis vel setis horridi, saepius slbo-toimentont, spathis
lignescentibus aculeatis inclusi, inter frondes persistentes. Flores masculi flavescentes, densi, LT PEER np feminei
virescenti vel ochroleuco-pallidi. Drupae flavae vel aurantiacae, fibroso-carnosae, calyce persistente stipatae, inermes vel spinulosae.
(Kunth, Enum. Plant. pl. IT, p.271, char. em. JUL. hort. IV, t. 138; Walp. Ann. V, p. 850).

Astrocaryum, G. F. W. Meyer. |

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : caudescens, elatum, aculeatissimum; pinnis lanceolatis, ribialestis, costa argenteis forum mascu-
lorum bracteis glabriusculis; femineorum subsessilium calycibus glabris, quam Las va hirtae dre brevioribus; drupis “gi
spinulosis. MART. — In sylvis primaevis provinciae Paraënsis, praesertim mie udis. In insula Marajô nt rm se Caudex 10-20 pe de
Frondes 10-12 pedales; pinnis in quovis latere 30-40 et pluribus. one 3-4 _…— Spatha subtspedale, _— cas % 2
fuscis hirta et subinde aculeis nonnullis armata. Flores masculi pallide us Drupa sr . a pre ere
impresso, inaequaliter pentagona, miniata, sapore suavi, odore recente fere moschi, ea melonis. Incolae fructus in deliciis +

um. PI., II, p. 272).

ns Dr ne os Martius, Gener. et Spec. Palmar, p. T8, t. 58, 59,

v

This splendid Palm is a native of Brazil and Guyana, flowers is also bristly. The fruit is RE ai ge se
inhabiting damp places and the bauks of rivers. Its trunk with small prickles, red : ni mr : _ rh
attains a height of 20 to 25 feet, or more, and is quite | The Indians are very. ds k : ds . . An
covered with spines, and bears enormous leaves 10 to : ee Er mere at of the melon.

ist] 30 to 40 pairs of lanceolate slightly | 1s opel i
E ol pas a yard in length, and | This fine species 18 ra en in Les de
are at first sheathed in spathes about 2 feet long, clothed Europe, but its nee it . eh ag spi
with brown bristles and prickles. The corolla of the female | it a prominent place in choice collections.

sa

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

PL. CCXIV.

CYPRIPEDIUM PARISHIT, REICHB. F.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER, see JU. Hort. 1874, under plate 183.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER : folia latissime lorata apice inaequali biloba, recurva, pedunculus velutinus, puberulus quinqueflorus
secundiflorus; bracteae vaginatae spathaceae obtusae ovario pedicellato velutino piloso breviores; sepalum dorsale cuneato-ovatum

acutum dorso unicarinatum; sepalum inferius subaequale, minus,

dorso bicarinatum; petala ligulata, basi undulata, apicem versus

angustata, apice spatulata velutina lobulis pilosis hinc inde 2-3 in quovis petalo; labellum cuneatum canaliculatum unguiculatum, sacco
atrinque abrupto angulato; staminodium triangulam, antice bilobum, lobo utroque intus angulato, seu triangulo (nunc apiculo in
fundo sinus), basi cornutum. (Reichb. f.). — In Burmah, legit Rev. Parish.

Cypripedium Parishii, Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. 1869,

This beautiful Orchid is one of the Rev. C. Parish’s finest
discoveries ; he found it on the Siamese frontier when re-
turning from Burma, but the precise locality is not indica-
ted. The history of this plant is remarkable. The bold

traveller had collected an enormous quantity of new and

rare Orchids, and was returning to Moulmein, two elephants
bearing his rich booty, when those animals suddenly disen-
gaged themselves of their burthens and trampled them
under foot. The poor plants were thus crashed to a pulp,
with the exception of a few specimens which were sent to
England; and among those saved from the wreck was
Cypripedium Parishii.

It is a superb species with broad ligulate recurved leaves,
unequally 2-lobed at the summit. The peduncle is velvety,
about two feet long, bearing à cluster of five handsome
flowers on its apex. The accompanying bracts are trian-
gular or oblong, clothed with a soft tomentum, and shorter
than the velvety ovary. Upper sepal wedge-shaped , oblong,

p. 814, id. in Flora, june 1869. — Botan. Mag. 1869, t. 5788.

acute, with a prominent keel on the back. Lower sepal
smaller, 2-keeled. In colour they are of a nankeen yellow
with veins of a deeper tint, green outside. Petals linear,

stripe-shaped, waved at the base, and densely velvety up-

wards, greenish at the base with numerous black or brow-
nish dots, some of which are callous, port-wine colour
in the upper part. Labellum channelled, clawed, with a
conical leg abruptly angular on both sides. Staminode
triangular, furnished at the base with two teeth, diverging
upwards, green on the disk and white on the edges. Stigma
rounded.

In shape the flower is like C. Lowi, but the petals are
spreading and bent downwards. The callosities on the petals
are very curious, being beset with haïrs arranged in a
stellate manner.

This species 1s as easily cultivated as most of its conge-
ners, and it is a valuable addition to those already known
in this beautiful genus. ANDRÉ.

PL. CCXV.

VRIESEA (?) FENESTRALIS, LINDEN & ANDRÉ

NAT. ORD. BROMELIACEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER : see JU. Hort., 1875, under plate 200.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : folia rosulata, circiter 30 cent. longa, 6 cent. lata, erecto-recurva canaliculata basi dilatata, mar-
ginibus integerrimis parallelis, apice obtusa mucronata mucrone obliquo triangulo acuto retrorsum dejecto, viridia, medium et apicem
versus venis reticulato tessellatis perluciditate percipiendis ornata , ad basim et apicem maculis v. guttis sanguineis ocellatis notata,.…
cætera desiderantur. — In Nova-Granata, 1872. — Ad viv. desc. in hort. Lind. — E,. A,

Vriesea (?) fenestralis, Linden et André, sp. nov.

Three years ago this lovely Bromeliaceous plant was im-
ported from New Granada, and we have watched its deve-
lopment in Mr. Linden’s establishment with great interest.
At first we proposed giving it the name of ocellata, in refe-
rence to the purple ocellated blotches at the base of the
young leaves; but as the plant grew it assumed a more
decided character. It comes near V. tessellata and musaica,
from which, however, it is distinguished by several other
particulars in the foliage, besides that already pointed out.

The beautifully reticulated network of the venation of the

leaves reminded us of the curious aquatic from Madagascar,
called Ouvirandra fenestralis, and suggested the specific
name we have given to our plant.

Unfortunately it has not yet flowered and therefore we are
not quite sure that it really belongs to the genus Vriesia,
although ït has the general appearance of one. In this
respect it is in the same condition as V. musaica, tessellata,
guttata and sanguinolenta, all of which we have described
in this magazine under provisional names.

E. Axpré.

L ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

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HE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

September, 1875.

— PRIZES OF THE FRENCH Accurmamisamron Socrery. —
In the account of the last distribution of rewards by the
Société d'Acclimatation de Paris, we find the following record
of prizes awarded in the interest of horticulture and botany :
To Messrs. Morin and Vinson à prize of £ 60 for their
successful cultivation of Cinchona Trees in the Isle of
Bourbon.

To Mr. J. Triana à prize of £ 12 for his admirable work

on Cinchonas.

Medals of the First Class to the Rev. Fathers of the
Holy Ghost, Bourbon, for assistance rendered by them to
Messrs. Morin and Vinson; Louis Faton for superior cul-
tivation of various plants at Geneva; Leo d'Ounous, ditto
at Laverdun, Ariège; Vicomte de Pulligny, Eure, for the
cultivation of useful trees over an area of about 150 acres ;
and Joseph Vickers for the introduction of living plants of
Cinchona in Bourbon.

— PHILADELPHIA INTERNATIONAL Ex1B1TIoN. — We
cannot too warmly commend this colossal exhibition to the
consideration of our readers. Trees sent from Europe should
be despatched in time to arrive at the latest by the middle
of April in Philadelphia.

For information of every kind, independent of that affor-
ded by the agents in Europe, application should be made
to Mr. C. H. Miller, chief of the Bureau of Horticulture,
. Philadelphia, U.S.

— PEPEROMIA RESEDAEFLORA. — Mr. Robinson says in
the Garden one of the prettiest and rarest of all bouquet
and button-hole flowers is Peperomia resedaeflora (Linden
and André). This plant bears tiny spire-like spikes of white
flowers at the apex of pink stems, the lower portions of
which are clothed with small velvety leaves.

— Mn. Rizey 1N France. — Mr. Riley, the celebrated
American entomologist, so favourably known by his writings
on the Phylloxera, the Yucca Moth, and other insects
engaging the gardener’s attention, is now in France. He is
spending his time chiefly in the Hérault among the vine-
growers who have suffered so severely from the scourge,
giving them excellent advice respecting the management of
their infested vine-yards, and information as to the best
American varieties that merit a trial. The Agricultural
Society of Hérault have given a banquet in ‘his honour at
Palavas.

— Exmrerrion ar Brussezs IN 1876. — We remind our
readers that the Grand International Horticultural Exhibi-
tion will take place at Brussels in April, 1876. A Congress
will be held simultaneously. The royal Society Flora will
pay for the freight of plants on the Belgian railways; and
it is expected that this, the hundredth exhibition of the
Brussels Society, will be an exceedingly brilliant affair.
Communications should be addressed to A. Lubbers, secré-
taire, au Jardin botanique, à Bruelles.

— WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA PENDULA. — Our Belgian

contemporaries have reproduced a note, which originally
appeared in the Gardener's Chronicle, to the effect that a
Weeping variety of the Wellingtonia had been found at
D its propagation. Most likely they

our annôouncement of the existence of W.
Sgantea pendula in last year's volume of the [Uustration
Horticole. This variety has now been in commerce for some
time, having been sent out by Mr. Paillet, nurseryman at
Chatenay, near Sceaux, Seine,

— Harpy Cacrr. — We have frequently called the atten-
tion of our readers to the hardiness of Opuntia vulgaris,
which has this season flowered and fruited to perfection in
our garden at Touraine, not suflering the least from our
winters. We still believe that the supposed species, ©. Ra-
linesquiana, in spite of all that has been said about it, is
not specifically different from the one mentioned.

But this is not the only Cactaceae hardy in this part of
France, and under favourable conditions in the milder parts
of England. We recommend amateurs to associate with it
in the rock-garden Opuntia bicolor, Echinocactus viridiflorus
and Æ. phoeniceus, with white spines, three species which
we have been assured are equally as hardy as 0. vulgaris.

— THE GRAPEs OF CANAAN. — The largest bunches of
grapes ever seen in England, and perhaps even in the whole
world, were recently shown at Edinburgh. One of them of
the variety called Raisin de Calabre, weighed 26 pounds 4
ounces, and another of the Wire Nice variety was within
an ounce of 26 pounds. The first was grown by Mr. Curror,
gardener to Mr. Douglas of Eskbank, Dalkeith; and it was
a handsome well-formed bunch, the berries being well-
ripened and of good flavour. The other cluster was exhibited
by Mr. Dickson, gardener to Mr. J. Jardine of Arkleton,

Glasgow. Truly these enormous bunches bring to mind the

grapes of the land of Canaan, which Poussin represents as
being carried on a pole by two men.

— Exmimirion AT CoLoGxE. — This exhibition was
opened on the 24 Aug., to be continued into September.
At the time of writing we possess no particulars, but we
learn through the Gardener's Chronicle of Aug. 26, that
in spite of all efforts the show leaves to be desired
from a horticultural point of view. Indeed, without the
important exhibits froin England, and particulary from
Belgium, horticulture strictly would have been poorly repre-

“sented. At the last moment we hear that the First Prise

of Honour has been awarded to Mr. J. Linden of Ghent.
_ FroweriNG 0F suMBuL. — Recently Euryangium sum-
but has flowered in the Royal Gardens, at Kew, for the
&rst time in England. It is an interesting plant on account
of its producing the Radi sumbul of the Pharmacopaea.
It was introduced into Russia about 1855 as à remedy
inst cholera, and a substitute for musk. It was admitted
in the English pharmacopaea in 1867 and is prescribed

as à tonic stimulant. The first plants were sent from the

67 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. ce

mountains of Maghian, east of Samarkand, and some of
them flowered as long ago as 1869, in the Botanic Garden
at Moscow.

— PROHIBITION OF THE IMPORTATION OF PLANTS INTO
ALGERIA. — The President of the French Republic has
followed the Italian government in promulgating a decree
prohibiting the introduction in Algeria, not only of vines,
but also of fruit trees and other plants, from any source
whatsoever. We pointed out in the case of Italy the absurdity
of such a measure, and we trust that the executive will
soon perceive the policy of removing such restrictions on
trade, especially as good rather than harm is likely to result
therefrom.

— À HORTICULTURAL ROMANCE. — Quite recently Mr.
Harry Turner, son of the skilful florist of Slough, was
married to Miss Elisabeth Poole, of Camden Town. But an
interesting fact in connection with the event deserves re-
cording. À few years ago, when the young couple met,
Mr. Harry offered an orange to the young lady, who ate the
fruit and sowed one of the pips. From that seed a plant
grew up; and it was the same shrub that furnished the
coronet of orange-flowers that adorned the brow of the bride
at the Savoy Chapel.

— ERYNGIUMS FOR THE SUBTROPICAL GARDEN. — În com-
môn with several of our colleagues we protest against the
term sub-tropical, though we are obliged to employ it to
make ourselves intelligible. It is a pity that some more
appropriate designation for groups of plants with noble
foliage has not got into use, especially when perfectly hardy

species are in question, because the objectionable term is
misleading. But like the yet more absurd * Foliage Plants ..
it finds à place not only in catalogues, but in nearly all
horticultural papers, and therefore there in little chance of
ridding ourselves of it. The Eryngiums in question have
given rise to the foregoing protest, for, like many other
plants of noble habit and ornamental foliage, such as
various species Of Yucca, Bambusa, Polygonum, Rheum,
Gunnera, Aralia, Ferula, Heracleum, Acanthus, etc, etc.,
they are nearly or quite hardy in well-drained soil, in the
south and west of England, at least. The genus ÆEryngium
is very numerous in species, some of which, Æ. Bourgaei,
alpinum and amethystinum, for example, are familiar ; but
there is a group of species from the temperate parts of
south America of much grander aspect. Several of these
may be seen at Kew, and in France we learn that they are
being extensively propagated by some of the parisian nur-
serymen for ornamental purposes. They have long, prickly,
involute leaves, with parallel nerves, resembling those of
some of the larger growing Bromeliaceae. E. pandanifolium,
for instance, has leaves, when luxuriant, 6 or 7 feet long,
and a candelabrum-like inflorescence, 10 or 12 feet high.
These plants retain their beauty throughout the autumn,
and will, we think, prove of great value in gardens where
there is little convenience for housing truly tropical and
subtropical plants. The best species in cultivation aré Æ.
pandanifolium, Lassauæii, paniculatum and eburneum.

E. A. and W. B. H.

L'ILLUSTRATION HORIr

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CROTON HASTIFERUM. LINDEN & ANDRÉ.
He phinnriemaehter, 28 sx n°

7 (min. mu

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

DRACÆNA WAROCQUEI, Linpenx & Anpré.

DMepannemaker. ai sat por

THE ILLUSTRATION

HORTICOLE.

PL. CCXVI.

CROTON (CODLÆUM) HASTIFERUM, 1x

DEN & ANDRÉ.

NAT. ORD. EUPHORBIACEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY, etc., see II. Hort. plate 201.

CHARACTER OF THE VARIETY : omnia Codiaei picti Hook.

lateralibus magnis obtusis medio elongato supra lanceolato apice

raris luteis ornata, inferiore pallida. — In insulis Salomon Oceaniae
el. Lindeni gandavensibus allata, anno 1874. — Ad viv. desc. — E. A.

, exceptis foliis trilobatis, medium versus constrictis lobis
obtusiusculo, pagina superiore intense viridi, nervis maculisque
meridionalis lusu naturae sponte nata varietas. In caldariis

Codiaeum pictum, Hook., var. hastiferum, Linden and André.

We had the good fortune to see for the first time the
curious varieties of Croton with trilobate leaves, one of which
is here figured, at the international exhibition of Florence
in 1874. j

An Australian botanist M. C. Moore had brought them
to Europe, safe and sound, after much trouble and an

almost interminable journey ; and he exhibited them to a
few favoured amateurs.

Indeed the Crotons hitherto brought out, and introduced
in the first place by Mr. J. G. Veitch from the South Sea
Islands, are remarkable, as we recently observed, for the
modification of the midrib and variety of colouring, rather
than for variation in the profile of the blade of the leaf,
which is almost invariably entire. One alone, C. irregulare,
showed à tendency to form leaves whose margins were not

parallel to the midrib, The €. spirale, introduced by Mr.
Bull, notwithstanding the spiral shell-like contorsions of its
limb, is of regular shape when untwisted.

The race of varieties now under consideration are quite
different from any other; and it is already represented by
a considerable number of varieties. We have seen at least
half a dozen, all with trilobate leaves, the limb being more
or less elongated, exceeding a foot in many varieties. In
colouring they are not surpassed by the varieties previously
introduced, and we greatly admired their diverse tints of
green, pink, red, purple and yellow.

We are happy in the pleasure of congratulating Mr. Linden
on being the first to show us living specimens of this group
of crotons, destined to effect a great revolution among
amateurs of plants with fine foliage. « En. Anpné.

PL. CCXVIL.

DRACAENA WAROCQUET, zNDEn & ANDRE

NAT. ORD. LILIACEAE,

For ETYMOLOGY, etc. consult previous volume.

CHARACTER 07 THE VARIETY. — À dwarf stout plant dé
robust habit. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate-acute, primarily
erect, afterwards spreading and curved downwards, of à
beautiful deep green striped and bordered with broad bands
ofthe most beautiful carmine ; petioles cylindrical with the

exception of a channel above, striped with violet-purple,
Li

ASPARAGINEAE.

dilated at the base. This variety is remarkable for the ele-
gant shape of its leaves.

Introduced from the Salomon Isles, Polynesia, into Mr.
Linden’s establishment, and dedicated to Mr. A. Warocqué, :
à distinguished amateur of horticulture, whose park and
gardens form one of the most attractive sights in Belgium.

| Ep. ANDRé.

7 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. _

PL

CCXVIIL.

NEW HYBRID GLOXINIAS.

OBSERVATIO : cum de hybrida planta versatur, Etymologiam, Characteres Genericos et specificos occasio non adest exponendi.

CHARACTERS OF THE VARIETIES PORTRAYED :

Madame Duval, — Flowers nearly 2 # inches in diameter,
with obcordate lobes, waved at the margin, of a velvety
carmine-red or crimson, passing into pink at the circum-
ference and shaded with dull red in the throat, which has
a white ground spotted with red. A superb variety, of per-
fect shape; perhaps the finest red in the group.

Phèdre, — Flowers perfect in shape, about 2 inches in
diameter, of a violet-blue, paler towards the margin of the
lobes, with a darker ring suffused with fiery red at the
mouth of the tube.

Colore nova. — Flowers nearly 2 4 inches in diameter, of
a deep brown red or claret colour, paler towards the
centre; throat white, À new colour in Gloxinias.

La Rosière. — Flowers beautifully formed , about 2 inches
in diameter, pure white with a half-circular ring of delicate
pink in the centre, radiating in lines corresponding to the
lobes, and bordering the lobes. A handsome and free flow-
ering variety.

Papillon. — Flowers large of a beautiful lavendar blue,
rayed, dotted, and veined with a deeper tint, forming a
new design, which recalls the markings on certain butter-
flies with blue wings.

These five fine varieties were raised from seed by Mr.
Duval, of Versailles, and upon every occasion, and at
every place where they have been exhibited they have
attracted general admiration. They show that these char-
ming Gesneriaceae have not yet attained their highest degree
of perfection. From year to year there has been an ad-
vance in purity of form, in the size of the flowers, and in
the marvellous diversity of rich colouring they display.
We think they very closely approach perfection, though
doubtless crosses with new species would bring further
improvements.

En. AnDré.

FLORICULTURE.
A NEW ROSE.

Mr. J. Schwartz, nurseryman at Lyons, has raised a
magnificent new Rose, to which he has given the name
of Duchesse de Vallombrosa. It is one of the most remar-
kable acquisitions of recent times, and it will doubtless enjoy
a brilliant future. We append a description.

A free vigorous growing bush with straight branches.
Leaves composed of 5 to 7 leaflets, of a beautiful deep
green. Flowers large, full, of elegant shape, borne on a
stiff peduncle, of a delicate pink colour, becoming deeper

towards the centre, and white, tinged with pink, outwards.
This handsome Rose, which is truly perpetual, is the
issue of the variety Jules Margottin; and we assert, without
fear of contradiction, that it will prove to be one of the
finest varieties sent out this autumn, We had an opportunity
of admiring it last year on the occasion of our visit to the
Lyons Horticultura] Exhibition , in the capacity of judge.

RAMBLER.

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

NOUVEAUX GLOXINIA HYBRIDES.
_— 4, Papillon. — 5. Madame ehdens

1. Colore nova. — 2. La Rosière. — 3. Phèdre.

>

Le PDePannemacker. CPromoith.

F

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICO

LE,

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE

états.

October, 1875.

— EXHIBITION AND CONGRESS AT AMSTERDAM 1N 1877. —

Primarily we announced these horticultural meetings for

* 1876, and subsequently their postponement till 1877. Some
extracts from an important document, lately received from
the general commission, will not be without interest for many
of our readers.

The project was first of all mooted last year at the Con-
gress in Florence, and the Royal Horticultural Society of
London simultaneously announced the intention of holding
a large exhibition in 1876. Nevertheless the right of priority
was accorded to the Dutch, and à programme was speedily
issued.

However, it soon became known that the Royal Society
of Flora of Brussels wished to celebrate its bundreth anni-
versary in à worthy manner in 1876, and this date could
not be departed from. Animated by the most courteous
feelings a Commission, composed of Messrs. Krelage and
Westerman for Holland, and Messrs. Cannart d'Hamale ,
Doucet and Lubbers for Belgium, met and decided in favour
of the Belgian project for 1876. We have already spoken
of the very comprehensive scope: of the intended exhibition
and congress in the Belgian capital, and we shall frequently
have occasion to recur to this topic.

The Netherlands General Commission has profited by this
extension of time to enlarge its field of operations. We
have just received the new programme, comprising vege-
table products, an important accessory to the exhibition of
1877. The principal sections are : Cottons, Tobaccos, Qui-
nine, Madder, Indigo, Caoutchouc and Gutta-Percha, Fixed
Oils and Fats, Essential Oils, Vegetable Substances em-
ployed in the Manufacture of Paper, Cereals, Cashew, Va-
nilla, Rhubarb, Sarsaparilla, etc. |

The Commission would be glad to receive any suggestions

; for the amendment of this programme, which will be for-
‘ warded, on application, to any person interested in the
matter, by the secretary, Mr. H. Groenewegen, 5, Oudewater-
weg, Amsterdam,

— CARAGUATA MusAICA. — À short time ago we mentioned
the flowering of this handsome Bromeliaceous plant in two
different places simultaneously. It will be remembered that

ced our intention to revise the nomenclature of certain
Species affected by this flowering.. Now there is no longer

and henceforward it will bear the name of Caraguata mu-
saica, At some future time we shall publish a corrected
description of the species, which we have submitted to
Professor Morren, who, as is well known, is learned in all
that appertains to the Bromeliaceae, and who is just putting

for early publication. We have, moreover, reasons for be-

it was introduced by Mr. Linden and sent out under the |
Provisional name of Tillandsia musaica. Recently we announ-

any doubt that the presumed Tillandsia is a true Caraguaia,

| Lomest of the lot; it is shot with violet.
_ finishing touch to his work on the tribe Tillandsiae, |

lieving that he will at the same time publish a key and
general Conspectus of the genera, and wé have much pleasure
in being the medium of this good news to botanists,

— Exmærmox or Luxemeune. — On the occasion of the
twenty-fifth anniversary of the nomination of Prince Henry
of the Netherlands as the Lieutenant of the King of Holland
and Grand Duke of Luxemburg, the grand-ducal government
and the town of Luxemburg organised a series of brilliant
festivities, which took place on the 5, 6 and 7 of this month.
We took part in them with a lively interest, for horticulture
held à prominent position. The horticultural committee
had erected a large tent on the site of the future kitchen
garden of the « Pescatore Institution », and it was well
filled with hardy and hot-house plants and fruits, revealing
to every observer the vast horticultural resources of the
Duchy; in almost every branch of which gigantic strides
have been made during the last few years, Since the treaty
of London in 1866, its capital, an ancient fortress, has been
an open town, and its prosperity is rapidly developing in
an era of peace and industry and liberty.

— CORRESPONDANCE BOTANIQUE. — Under this title, Pro-
fessor Ed. Morren published, about two years ago, a list
of all the Botanical Gardens, Botanical Chairs and Museums
in the world. This has now reached its third edition, which
is much extended and a great improvement on the original.
By every one connected with botany or horticulture in any
way this little pamphlet will be found extremely useful, As
«might be expected, it contains some errors, and several
names are omitted, but we may be permitted to remind
our readers that it rests with those concerned to make it
as correct as possible, by keeping Prof. Morren acquainted
with all changes, and by indicating inaccuracies and omis-
sions.

_ Arricax Boranyx. — The twenty-ninth volume, just
completed, of the Linnean Society's « Transactions » contains
an important addition to African botany, being entirely
oceupied with an enumeration of the plants collected by
Speke and Grant on their celebrated journey from Zanzibar
to Egypt. The descriptive portion is by Prof. Oliver and
Mr. Baker, and the plates, of which there are no fewer
that 136, were drawn by Mr. W. H. Fitch. It embraces

5 species, including 113 new ones.
uns __ Mr. Ed. Morren has lately described
anumber of new Marantaceae received from Brazil to Messrs.
Jacob Makoy. They are Calathea Kummeriana, Stromanthe
amabilis, Cal. Oppenheimiana, Bachemiana, un, appli-
Kegeljani, pulchella and Wiotii. They are
whose merits the future will
dubitably the hand-

cata, Maranta
mostly plants of small stature , hose
reveal. Maranta Massangeana 15 10

Er. ANDRÉ,

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 76

PL. CCXIX.

CLIDEMIA VITTATA, LINDEN & ANDRE.
NAT. ORD. MELASTOMACEAE.

GENERIC CHARACTER : calycis hispidi pubescentis v. rarius glabri tubus elongatus campanulatus v. ovoideus; limbus Fee
ultra ovarium productus, truncatus v. 5-, rarissime 6-lobus, lobis saepissime extus dentibus elongatis nie in 5, ns
sime 6, obovato-oblonga v. linearia, obtusa v.retusa, glabra, ad basin coronae monbrnaoese non raro inserta, Sfamina 10, raris-
sime 12, aequalia, filimentis glabris saepissime subulatis v. filiformibus; antherae lineari-oblongae v. unes roue recurvae
v. incurvae, l-porosae, connectivo basi non v.breviter producto inappendiculate gibbo v. D et. eee pis minusve ad-
haerens, vertice tumido v. in coronam producto, rarius intruso, saepe hispidum, 3-9 loculare; stylus He, brevis v. slongatus,
stigmate truncato v. capitellato. Baccea globosa v. urceolata, carnoso-coriacea v. membranacea, calycis pu Se ae
minuta saepissime obovoideo dimidiata v. obtuse pyramidata, rarius majuscula, raphe ampla exsculpta. — Free rs, hirsuti
villosi v. setosi, rarius glabrati. Folia saepius ampla, petiolata, 3-T nervia, integerrima crenulata v. denticulata. Flores in pani-
culas vw. fasciculos axillares rarissime terminales dispositi, in plerisque parvi, albi rosei v. purprrei, bracteati v. ebracteati,
Species ad 30-40. Americae equatorialis a Mexico ad Brasiliam australem incolae. (Charact. e Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. I, p. 766).

Clidemia, Don. in Mem. Wern. Soc. IV. 306. — Staphidium, Naudin,in An. Se. nat. ser. 3, XVII, 305, pro maxima parte
— DC. Prodr. TI, 155, exclus. spec. nonn. — Griseb. F1. brit. W. Ind. 246 (exel. sect. 4 et 5). — Bonpl. Melast. t. 3,4. — Bot.
Mag. t. 1971 (Melastoma). — Aubl. PI. Guy. 1, 167 (Melastoma). — Miq. Comm. phyt. t. II. B.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : fruticosa; caulis ramique teretes robusti, molliter rufo-tomentosi; folia breviter petiolata, petiolo
cylindraceo superne sulcato 4-5 cent. longo, pulverulento, limbo elliptico subacuto amplo ac valde conspicuo, 20-30 cent. longo,
20 cent. lato, cum caule rectangulo, superne bullato intense viridi metallico, medio vitta argentea ornato, subtus tomento rufo
vestito, quintuplinervio, nervis subtus prominentissimis, nervulis pinnatis et reticulatis; panicula erecta, brevis. densa, pedunculo
tereti violaceo, ad articulos tantum velutino; ramuli decussati, rectangule divaricati, pilis rufis stellatis sessilibus ad basin tumidam
manicati; bracteae membranacene calyce breviores, pilis lignescentibus hirtae; flores subsessiles; calyx glaber tubuloso campanu-
latus, lobis 5 obscuris dorso pilis lignescentibus unipenicillatis; petala 6 glabra obovato-obtusa concava haud unguiculata 4 mill.
longa, 2 mill. lata, pallide rosea; stamina 5-6 mill. longa, filamentis brevibus, minutis, anthera rectangula lineari, loculis ad disse-
pimentum undulatis albis nigro-lineatis: ovarium ovoideum 3-loculare; stylus robustus cylindraceus, calycis tubum vix superans ;
stigma panctiforme, Semina haud vidi. — Ad rivos fl. Huallagae (Peruvia) legit Roth, 1873. — Ad viv. flor. desc. in hort. Linden, — E. A.

Clidemia vittata, Linden et André, spec. nov. e

This superb Melastomaceous plant comes from the banks
of the Huallaga, eastern Peru, and has been growing in
Mr. Linden’s houses, since 1873, as a new Cyanophyllum,
until its flowers gave a clue to its true affinity.

It is now evident that it must be placed in the genus

Clidemia of Don, which comprises nearly the whole of the
tribe Miconieae, upon which Naudin founded his genus
Staphidium, many of the characteristics of which it possesses
to a marked degree. But it must be conceded that the plants
of this section approach very closely to Miconia, and they
are Only kept separate to facilitate the determination of the
species of the latter genus, numbering upwards of 360 forms,

exceedingly difficult to characterise in words. The genus
Clidemia, whose description we borrow from Messrs. Ben-
tham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum, is confined to Ame-
rica — Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Guiana , Mexico, Costa-Rica
and Venezuela. — About thirty species are known.

As an ornamental plant Cidemia vittata is in its foliage
one of the most noble in cultivation, and if Cyanophyllum
magrificum were not known, there would be no Melasto-
maceous plant in cultivation to surpass it. It is a hot-house
plant of easy cultivation, flourishing under the same treat-

ment as Sphaerogyne and Cyanophyllum.

: Ep. AnDré.

FLORIOULTURE.
LILIUM PARKMANNI.

This splendid Lily is a hybrid, the issue of cross-
fertilisation of Lilium lancifolium and L. auratum. The
latter species furnished the pollen. The young plants, the
progeny of this successful cross, were put out in the open
border in the spring of 1869. When the first flower opened
it was of a deep red, with the odour and shape of L. au-

ratum, and it was nine inches and a half in diameter.

Subsequent flowers reached nearly à foot in diameter.
If the plant is of €asy propagation, and especially if it
bear seed, we May Congratulate ourselves on the acquisition
of a new and magnificent race of the Imperial Lily of Japan.

tn :

LR ILAUSTRAT 10 MORTE

O4 f

| ; & ANDRÉ.
CLIDEMIA VITTATA, LINDE & AND

"7 4 (radre é

ÉTÉ
Panñemaeper. a4 ra. PERT. 1 Hort ê ",

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

COCOS WEDDELLIANA. H. WENDLAND.

A [énvler i

PDePannemaeker, 24 nat prrx. ca Morte Lind

. THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE
A ee

RS En MAN UT de

PL./CCXX.

COCOS WEDDELLIANA,

H. WENDLAND,

Nar. Or. PALMACEAE.
ETYMOLOGY : from xo2x05, a kind of fruit, according to Linneus

GENERIC CHARACTER : see TUustr. hortie., t. IT, sub pl. 105

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : arbuscula erecta, 9-3m

reticulatis rufis dissolventibus, supra basin annulati; Pinnae alternae 50-60 in w

acutae, 12-20 cent. (et ultra) longe, 7 mill. latae, planae, basi convexne margin
di :

supra atrovirides, subtus glaucescentes, costa superne vix prominente,

lanceolatis; petala 3, stamina 6; — fem.: calyx et corolla triphylli; sepala
calcarata; annulus staminodalis brevis; ovarium ovoideum, stigmata 3 trifida. Semina fere_glob

alta, elegans, caudice 1" ,50- 2m
frondes surrectae arcuatae brunneo squammosae; petioli graciles

— Endlich. Gen. PI. 1772, et enet. anet.
_ » vertice petiolorum basibus coronato: |
asi subtriangulo-dilatati, marginibus in fbris lignescentibus

inferne immersa; spadices 1" longi, bicarinati, carina exte-
Flores masc. : calyx minimues, subtriphyllus, sepalis
et petala subsimilia; petala majora, abrupte acuminata,
ulosa, parva, 8-locularia, — In

Brasilianis montibus dictis Sierra dos Orgaos, prope Rio de Janeiro.
Cocos Weddelliana, H. Wendland, mss. — Seemann, in Gard. Chron. 1870, p. 494 (sub Leopoldinia); Florist and Pomol

1871, maio.
Glaziova elegantissima, Linden, Catalogues.

Leopoldinia pulchra (?), Martius, Palm. 59, t. 59, 53.

The most graceful of all Palms, whose airy, delicate
foliage is now becoming familiar at our horticultural shows.
Its handsome, dark green, shining, elegantly curved leaves,

have gained for it the first place for dinner table decoration.

This marked particularity has been the tause of Cocos Wed-
delliana receiving several names in gardens, the respective
claims of which are even now not finally settled. It is saïd
that Leopoldinia pulchra of Martius belongs to our plant,

but of this there is no certainty, for according to the famous |

Martius, L. puichra grows in the provinces of Rio Negro
and Para, in eastern Brazil. It is employed in the decoration
of their churches, and it is carried in processions; it is
also used for making hedges, by cutting the trunks in the
forests and planting them side by side without regard to
their height. Now L. insignis (Martius Palm, 60) likewise
grows in the virgin forests of Para, and is applied to the

same uses. This is known in European gardens, whence Mr.
Linden imported it, under the name of Glasiova insignis,
Hort. On the other hand Wallace speaks of two more spe-
cies, which he calls Leopoldinia major and L. Piassaba ;
but they are still imperfectly known. Finally Mr. Wendland
says that Cocos Weddelliana was found in 1831 (he errs;
it was in 1843) by Mr. Weddell in the Organ Mountains,
near Rio, and by Mr. Riedel in 1832,

It seems to us, therefore, that it is necessary that the
authentic specimens of these plants, together with flowers
and fruits collected in the country, should be carefully
compared. This would be no difcult task, for Brazil, and
especialy the Amazon, is now easily accessible; and we
hope before long to be able to decide these questions.

En. Axpné.

À NEW HARDY SHRUEB.

Philadelphus Souvenir de Biliard. — À free-growing,
vigorous shrub, ten feet or more in height; branches attain-
ing à length of four or five feet, furnished throughout with
flowering branchlets, bearing numerous flowers, arranged

in threes on axillary peduncules. Flowers well formed,

exceeding an inch in diameter, possessing à very slight

odour, and therefore suitable for water bouquets, produced

in great profusion during the latter half of June, when
there are few other shrubs in bloom.

It was presented to the Société centrale d'Horticulture in
June last, when it was an object of special attraction, and
a first class certificate was awarded for it. The Revue Hor-
ticole also speaks of this interesting shrub. It flowered for
the first time in 1870, and it was raised by C. Billiard,
nurseryman at Fontenay-aux-Roses, who died the same year
during the siege of Paris. It will be offered in the _—

after the 15 October 1875.
F4 Jam.

79 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 80

PL. CCXXI.

ONCIDIUM TIGRINUM, LA LLAVE ET LEXARZA.

NAT. ORD. ORCHIDEAE,

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER see IU. Hort. 1874, under pate 105, |
SPECIFIC CHARACTER : pseudobulbi ovales compressi parum angulati, diphylli; folia angusta erecta membranacea mani-

feste petiolo vaginante articulata ; racemi cernui simplices pedunculo breviores; sepala libera petalaque lanceolata undulata aequalia .

patientia; labelli lobi laterales parvi subquadrati, intermedius transversus apice inflexus vix emarginatus; {uberculus oblongus

basi 2-dentatus apice obsolete trilobus antice excavatus; columnae alae breves rotundatae. — Crescit in Mexicanis

montibus (Lexarza), in Michoacan (Ghiesbreght Linden).

Irapaeanis

Oncidium tigrinum, La Llave et Lexarza, Orch. Mexic. p. 37.
— Barkeri, Lindl. Bof, Reg. 1841, mise. 174. — Sert. Orchid. t. 48.

— Unguiculatum, Lindl. Walp. Ann. I, 789.
— ionosmum, Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1853, p. 726.

Odontoglossum tigrinum, Lindl. Fol. Orch. Odont.

This charming plant is the «flor de muertos ». formerly
held in such high veneration by the Indians of Michoacan,
and was first described by La Llave and Lexarza in their
Orchidées du Mexique, under the name of Oncidium tigri-
num. It bore this name in Mr. Linden’s collection in 1849,
having been sent home by his collector Ghiesbreght.
Mr. Barker, à distinguished amateur of that period, sent
specimens of it to Dr Lindley, who took it to be a new species,
and dedicated it to the donor. Nevertheless it is only right
to give it its true name, according to the laws of priority.
Indeed Lindley himself did so with the utmost candour ;
thinking it in no way derogatory to his fame to acknow-
ledge an accidental error.

p- 5, N° 10 (Voir Rch. in Bonplandia, 1855, 1st August.

This species, as our plate shows, produces long flower-
spikes, often exceeding à yard in length. The flowers are
large and their petals, spotted with rich brown, offer à
pleasing contrast with the delicate yellow of the large
labellum , giving them altogether a very effective appearance.

Moreover it possesses in the delicious violet-like fragrance,
exhaled by its flowers, a charm that cannot be painted.
At the time we are writing our study is perfumed with a
spike of flowers lately brought from Ghent, which retain
their freshness and scent for a long time.

The culture of this beautiful epiphyte is equally as simple
as that of its congeners ; it requires à temperate climate.

| Ep. AxpRé.

NEW FRUITS.

Mr. Michelin, the energetic secretary to the Fruit Com-
mittee, recently read before the central Horticultural Society
of France, à report on the fruits raised from seed and
submitted to the Society for examination by the committee
since July 1872. We enumerate a few of the most merit-
orious varieties :

Peach Alexis Lepeère, so named by Mr. Alexis Lepère
junior, has proved a fruit of great merit during three
cessive seasons.

suC-

Peach Belle de Gestin, sent by Mr. Ed. André, and pro-

pagated by Mr. Defain, nurseryman at Amboise, engaged
the attention of the committee not only on account of its
quality, but also from the circumstance that its fruit does
not ripen sometimes before the beginning of November.
Pear Beurre de Dubuisson, obtained in Belgium and for-

varded by Mr. Dumortier, is à late variety, ready at the
end of January, of medium size, with à fine juicy flesh of
excellent flavour.

Pear Bergamotte Balicq, raised by Mr. Balicq of Bavay,

and fit for use in December and January. It has a rich,

melting juicy, sugary flesh of agreeable perfume. It is perhaps
slightly deficient in sugar and in size.

Pear Drouard, presented by Mr. Louis Leroy of Angers,
attains a moderate size. It was adjudged on the 11 of March
as melting, sugary, very juicy, and of à nice, agreeable taste.

À large number of other fruits have been before the com-
mittee, among them several good ones which the committee
have asked to be allowed to try again before pronouncing
a decided opinion as to their merits.

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

| E & Lexanzs.
ONCIDIUM TIGRINUM, La LLAVE

Ex ! rene Frd .
PDePannemaeker, a& AA, PIRT. IR FUOTÉE A4

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

a

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

November, 1875.

— GRAFTING PERIWINKLES ON THE OLEANDER.— Accord-
ing to the Revue Horticole Mr. Lambotte, flower painter
at the municipal horticultural establishment at La Muette,
Paris, conceived the happy idea of grafting different varie-
ties of Periwinkle n the Oleander, and successfully ac-
complished it. This is, however, not so surprising as it
appears at first, for both genera belong to the Apocynene.
It is even probable that the pretty Vinca rosea from Mad-
agascar would succeed on the Oleander, and if grafted on
tall stems, quite a new feature might be introduced in our
market flowers. F
— Licium PACKMANNI. — The Gardener’s Chronicle of the
16 October, contains à fine drawing of this gorgeous Lily}
together with a description from the pen of Mr. T. Moore,
which we here reproduce in full :

Stem slender one-flowered (? always); leaves ovate-acu-
minate, alternate, five-nerved; flowers very large, the
perianth-segments spreading out nearly flat from the base,
and becoming recurved towards the apex, the petaline ones
broader, white, suffused towards the greenish base with
rosy Crimson, and thickly studded with deep crimson spots
and papillae; stamens somewhat spreading, the anthers
nearly an inch long, and the pollen deep chocolate-coloured;
style green about an inch longer than the stamens, with a
purple stigma.

A hybrid between L. auratum and L. speciosum (lanci-
folium) raised in the United States of N. America by Mr.
Packmann. |

There is no doubt that this hybrid is the most magnificent
acquisition to our gardens that we have chronicled for many
years.

— RHEUM NOBILE. — Several of our correspondents who
have received young plants of Rhewm nobile, from the
Himalaya, of which we gave a portrait in June last, are
in great fear of losing them, and request us to give them
some information respecting the culture of this species. We
can only hazard a guess on this point at present, the plant
not having yet attained its full development in Europe.

Nevertheless, we think if it prove more delicate than its
allies, it will be advisable to subject it to the same treat-
ment as the Himalayan Rhododendrons. Like them, it is à
native of the high plateaus of Sikkim in à brisk, rarefied
atmosphere, A peaty soil, and a cool house in our climate,

= ©reven the open air in the milder parts of the south-west,

ought to suit it admirably.

— Eucazyrrus 4s an Inseortruer. — We extract the
following passages from a letter recently received from
Mr. Ch. Baltet, of Troyes, and recommend our readers to
try the experiment for themselves when the season arrives :

# Lately my brother-in-law, Captain Mignard, being very
much disturbed in his sleep by mosquitos, took it into his
head to place a young plant of Æucalyptus in his bed-room

over night. From that moment the insects disappeared, and |

he slept in comfort. I have been following his example with
the same result. Should this really prove generally effca-
Gous our southern provinces will be freed of one scourge.
People will use young plants of Eucalyptus instead of mos-
quito curtains, It is probable too, that branches would be
equally serviceable to animals in stall or stable. Green
leaves would doubtless be more effectual than dried ones,
and the living, growing plant would possess a still more
active influence. A solitary plant of Eucalyptus globulus in
a bed-chamber would not inconvenience any one by its
balsamic odour. ,

— FRuImNG or THE PurpLe-LrAvED Pracm. — This
handsome and effective ornamental tree has recently ripened
fruit in the establishment of Mr. Ambrose Verschaffelt, We
have had a painting of it made for the ÆUustration Horticole.
Mr. Carrière reports too that he has tasted the fruit of this
variety at Versailles this year.

— Pomorocicar Coxcress Ar Gnenr. — Since last
session the Pomological Congress, assembled at Ghent, has
adopted the fruits whose names follow :

Apricots : Gros Rouge d'Alexandre, Musqué de Provence.

Raspberry : Surprise d'automne,

Peaches : Belle de Toulouse, Belle Impériale, Noblesse,
Early Louise, and Salway.

Pears : Madame Grégoire, Marie Benoist, Professeur Hor-
tolés, Sœur Grégoire.

Apples : Burchardt's Reinette, Reinette des Carmes,
Transparente de Croncels.

Plums : Early Favourite, Tardive musquée.

Grapes (table) : Rosaky.

Grapes (wine) : Mourvède.

It will be observed several of these are old favourites in

| British Gardens.

Many other varieties were under investigation, including
several of Belgian origin.

Mr. Ch. Rogier, minister of State, and the founder of
the Royal Commission for Pomology, has received this year
the gold medal awarded annually to the person wo has
done most to advance pomology.

… Jwrernarionaz Horricurruraz Exni8rrion AT Co-
Loëxe. — This exhibition was closed on October 3; and
on September 29 the distribution of the prizes took place in
the winter garden of the Flora Society. Our readers may
be glad to learn who were the chief prize-takers.

GRAND PRIZES OF HONOUR

consisting of objects of art and gold and silver medals.

Mr. J. Linden, Ghent. — Prize of Honour, à Las Vo
gift of H. M. the Empress.

Mr. J. Veitch, and Sons, London. — Prize of Honour, a
Porcelain Service, the gift of H. M. the Empress.

Mr. B. S. Williams, London. — Prize of Honour, a
porcelain Service, the gift of H. H. the Prince Imperial.

83 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

84

Mr. J. Lemonnier, nurseryman, Brussels. — Large Gold
Medal of the State. | {

Mr. E. Langen, Cologne. — Large Gold Medal of the State.

Professor Begas, Berlin. — Large Silver Medal of the State.

Mr. F. J. C. Jurgens, Hamburg. — Large Silver Medal
of the State.

Mr. Wilhelmy, Hattenheim. — Large Silver Medal of the
State,

Messrs. Croux and Son of Sceaux, near Paris. — Large
Silver Medal of the State.

Mr. Charles Van Geert, of Antwerp. — Silver basked
offered by the town of Hamburgh.

H. H. the Khedive of Egypt. A special Certificate of
Hoxour for à very complete collection of agricultural and
horticultural products of Egypt, Darfour and the shores of
the Red Sea.

— CANNA LILIIFLORA. — In a late number (Nov. 1) of
the Revue Horticole the comte de Lambertye has given
some interesting details on the culture of a plant that ‘has
now become exceedingly rare in collections Canna liliïflora.
He has succeeded in keeping it uninterruptedly ever since
1860, alternately in a temperate house in winter and in the
Open air in summer— from the end of May till the first week
in October. And it has flowered and fruit year after year
without any special care or treatment.

The largest specimens in the possession of the Comte
de Lambertye at Chaltrait, gave the following measurements
on the 27 September last : height from the soil to the tips
of the upper leaves, about 17 feet; circumference of the
clump near the ground, about 8 feet; circumference near
the top, about 20 feet; number of stems, 30; girth of one
of the largest stems near the base, about 10 inches ; length

of the longest leaves 3 feet 9 inches; width of the largest

leaves, 20 inches. This plant flowered in June; and at the
end of July it had ripened seed in abundance.

This fact reminds us of the introduction of another spe-
cies of Canna, an undescribed one, sent from Nicaragua by
Mr. Levy in 1870. A ripe fruit enables us to sow a few
seeds which will produce adult plants in two years time.
It resembles C. indica but it is dwarfer by half in the
stem, and less hardy.

— ExmiBrrion ar PriLapezpata. — The works for the
exhibition gain in importance from day to day. Each state
and each country that has signified its intention of sending
products to the exhibition will have a separate pavilion at
the disposal of its delegates.

The area devoted to the purposes of the exhibition is
300 acres.

Eight branches from the different railways are already
constructed for communication with the exhibition. And a
hotel to contain 5000 beds is in course of erection hard by.
Belgian Horticulture, as well as English, will be strongly
represented, and French Horticulture will not be left in
the back ground. |

— On carnivoroUS PLANTS. — From Prof. Ed. Morren
we have two extremely interesting pamphlets, embodying
the results of a series of experiments, undertaken by him
from reading Dr. Hooker’s address and Mr. Darwin’s recent
book on insectivorous plants. Mr. Morren does not arrive
at the same conclusions as the English naturalists. Although
he proved that the glands on the leaves of Drosera longifotia
and Pinguicula longifolia are the means of capturing and
causing the death of insects , he is of opinion that the latter
decay in the ordinary course of nature, and not through
the action of a particular fluid analogous to pepsin, con-
veying the digested mass into the system of the plant.

— Exmigrmion 0F Poriros. — On the 29 September,
Messrs. Abbis and Shirley Hibberd presided at à dinner,
given at the close of the international show of Potatos at
the Alexander Palace, London. The first prize of 10 guineas
was awarded to Mr. Dean of Ealing. The exhibition was a
great success, and it is proposed to hold another next year.

— THE TRILOBED CROTONS. — In our last number we
gave a figure of the first type of the race of Crotons having
three lobed or hastate leaves, of which Mr. Moore of
Sydney showed us some dried specimens at Florence. Several
varieties are spreading in cultivation, and it is as well that
we should come to some understanding as to the tribual
name to adopt for them collectively. Thus, in the Gardeners’
Chronicle for the current month (Oct. 2) there is a descrip-
tion, illustrated with wood-cuts, of one of these varieties,
called C. Disraeli, Veitch. Simultaneously Mr. Bull adver-
tises for sale à similar form, under the name of C. trilobum.
It is our duty to put our readers , and more particularly
plant merchants, on their guard against these three different
names for the same, or very slightly different plants. We
would suggest giving to the new varieties of this race which
are sure to spring up the distinctive appellation of Aasti-
ferum, adding the name of the sub-variety, for there is no
use in trying to evade the fact that they are the issue of
Codiaeum pictum. Hence we might say ©. hastiferum,
Disraeli, C. hastiferum trilobum, etc.

— AGave ConsiperanTI. —— This handsome new species
was exhibited by Mr. De Smet at the late exhibition at
Cologne, who sold his stock of it to Mr. Peacock of London,
the well-known amateur of this class of plants. He at once
telegraphed home for permission from Her Majesty the
Queen to dedicate to her this North American novelty, which
was granted. But there is a little difficulty in the way of

| accepting this name. It is this : the same plant was intro-

duced into the Museum gardens at Paris, where for the
last six months it has borne the name of 4 gave Consideranti,
from the name of its introducer, Mr. De Smet was aware of
this when be bought the plant, and that nobody has the
right to rename à known plant. All the noise about this
curious plant from Texas, leads up to the discovery of a
little piece of horticultural dissimulation, which we cannot
pass over in silence, Ep. Anpré and W. B. H.

L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

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THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

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PL. CCXXII.

CENTROSELENIA AENEA, LINDEN & ANDRÉ.

NAT. ORD, GESNERIACEAE.

ETYMOLOGY : from z4yrp0v, a Spur or sharp point, and

À |
GENERIC CHARACTER : see 4. Hori 150 te Swm à tube or funnel, in reference to the spurred corolla.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : lanta tota pilis erectis arti
opposita horizontalia v. decumbentia, petiolo 5-8 cent. lon
subauriculato, 20-25 (et ultra) longo, medium versus 8-10
minentissimis, supra bullato colore metallico aeneo, subtus
bracteis inaequalibus (una maxima lanceolata foliacea pet

culatis hispida: caules e basi robusti, suberecti, succulenti, teretes; folin
80 supra plano basi sulcato, limbo obovato-lanceolato acuto basi elongato
lato, dentibus grossis cucullatis crenato
violaceo nervis prominulis : flores albi aggregati axillares, peduneulati,

iolata, alteris linearibus sessilibus):; petioli :
crassi, uniflori, cylindrici, hirsutissimi; calyx hirtus sepalis liberi corumeené ee ques

» Costa nervisque primariis pro-

-5 cent, longi,

liberis acuminato-acutis apice retrorsis, grosse dentatis, 2 cent. longis,

utrinque (sub lente) verruculosis, 2 lateralibus erectis, 1 dorsali ret
lactea subhorizontaliter in calyce inserta, basi saccata, tubo brevi,
5 patentibus rotundatis aequalibus; staminum filamenta basi dilata
antherae reniformes; ovarium superum hirsuto-sericeum, annulo mediocri vix dentato basi

stylus inclusus, cylindraceus, 2 cent. longus: stigma pa
vivum flor. desc. in hort. Linden — E, A.
Centroselenia aenea, Linden et André, Spec. nov.

Since the publication in this journal (1869, pl. 609) of
a description and portrait of the beautiful plant with inflated
leaves of a metallic lustre, sent out by Mr. Linden under
the name of Centroselenia bullata, not another species of
this Gesneriaceous genus has appeared in the gardens of
Europe. It is therefore a piece of good fortune to have a
second to figure after a lapse of six years. The honour of its
discovery is due to Mr. Roezl, who found it in 1872, in New
Grenada.

The plant grows in strong tufts clothed with long white
hairs. It is of erect habit with a fleshy cylindrical stem,
branched from the base, jointed, but not swollen at the
joints. The leaves ar> spread out horizontally at first, after-
wards pendent and reclining on the pot; petiole about 2 to
3 inches long flattened above and hollowed out near the
base ; blade obovate-lanceolate, acute, very much narrowed
and lengthened downwards, and somewhat cordate and
auricled at the base, 8 to 10 inches or more in length by
3 to 4 inches broad in the middle, bordered with coarse
cucullate teeth. The midrib and the parallel secondary nerves
diverginug therefrom are very prominent on the under sur-
face of the leaf, which is of a rich vinous purple. Between
the intermediate raised nervation of the upper surface are
raised inflations , the whole being of a rich dark satin-green,
shot with metallic purple-violet, like an old Florentine

ro dejectus, caeteris 2 tubo corollae parallelis; corolla glabra
ante medium ventricosa, 4 cent, longa, 1 cent, diamet,, lobis
ta oblique ad basin corolla inserta, dimidium tubi attingentia ;
cinctum, glandula subglobosa dorsali;

pillosum, infundibulare, — In Nova-Granata legit Roezl, 1872, — Ad

bronze. Flowers axillary, peduneulate, subtended by un-
equal irregular bracts, one of which is large and leafy, and
Stalked, and the others small, linear-lanceolate and sessile.
The peduncles are unequal , one flowered, cylindrical, violet,
and hispid like the five-parted calyx. Sepals free to the base,
lanceolate acuminate acute, recurved at the open, coarsely
toothed, green above, purple-violet beneath, 9 lines long
by about 2 lines broad, covered on both surfaces with mi-
nute translucent (as seen through a lense) tubercles; two of
them are erect, one on each side of the corolla tube, two
parallel to it, and the fifth thrown backwards by the gibbous
spur. Corolla glabrous, creamy white, inserted almost hori-
zontally on the base of the calyx ; tube short contracted at
the base, obliquely bulging below the middle cylindrical at
the top, furnished with a large saccate spur, about 11,
inches long by 4 lines in diameter, surmounted by spreading
rotate rounded equal lobes, very slightly suffused with pink
on the outside. Stamens with conjugated filaments, flattened
below the middle inserted obliquely near the base of the tube,
and half as long as the latter, recurved at the apex ; anthers
reniform , or nearly spherical 2-celled. Ovary superior, silky,
inserted on à thin annulated slightly 5-toothed disk, tlie
dorsal tooth smooth spherical glandular; style included cy-
lindrical; stigma infundibuliform, papillose, recurved.
En. Axpré.

87 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 88

PL. CCXXIII.

BEGONIA FROEBELIT, 4. DE CANDOLLE,

NAT. ORD. BEGONIACEAE.

For ETYMOLOGY and GENERIC CHARACTER : see Ilustr. Hortie., 1875, pl. 212, p. 106.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : planta tuberosa; scapi erecti quam folia radicalia duplo fere longiores, sursum pluries bifidi, ut
petioli lanuginosi; folia oblique elliptica, palmata 7-9 nervia, margine undulata et crenulata, supra sparsim pilosa, subtus dense
piloso-lanuginosa, stipulis triangularibus; bracteae ovato-acutae, ut pedunçuli, pedicelli, floresque externe pubescentes; flores coc-
cinei, masc. disepali, dipetali, ampli; antherae lineares, filamentis aequalibus; fem. 5-lobi, alis obtusis, una majore. — Ecuador.

Begonia Froebelii, Alph. De Candolle, in Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1874, II, p. 552.

We are indebted to Mr. Roezl for this beautiful tuberous-
rooted Begonia, which he discovered in the republic of Ecua-
dor, about 1872 or 1873, and sent to Messrs. Frœbel nur-
serymen of Zurich. It was determined by Mr. A. De Candolle,
the learned monographer of the Begoniaceae for the « Pro-
dromus ». According to him, B. Froebelii is nearly allied
to B. cinnabarina, Hook. fil., belonging to the section Hus-
sia in the « Prodromus », but it differs from this in its
more ellipitical, more deeply cordate leaves, its less obtuse
bracts and the probably acute base of the capsule. From
B. Veitchii it differs in its more hairy leaves, and by the
hairs of the scape and petioles being shorter and less spread-
ing. Finally it is distinguished from Z. Clarkei by similar
slight differences, and by the scarlet, not rose, colour of
the flowers. And it differs from all the species named in the
strictly linear, not obovoid shape of its anthers, a character
which appears more constant in this genus, than any differ-
ence of hairs, shape of leaves, etc. The native country also is
not the same, our plant coming from Ecuador, whilst all the
others inhabit Bolivia or Peru, and it is well known that
Begonias generally are very local plants.

This species was greatly admired at the exhibition of Co-
logne, where it was awarded a gold medal ; and it will
doubtless soon take its place in this favourite section of the
genus.

« It differs essentially from all the tuberous-rooted Bego-
» nias hithertho known. The leaves spring directly from
» the tubers, and spread out in great profusion ; and they
» are broad and ample like those of most of the species

» clothed with a dense felt of white hairs on the under
» surface. The young leaves are altogether woolly, resemb-
» Jing purple plush.

» The erect, not pendent, flowers are borne in large clus-
» ters on long straight firm peduncles, elevated above the
» foliage. They are large, and of the most dazzling scarlet,
» of a shade previously unknown in Begonias, and of
» such brilliancy that we can compare it to nothing else
» but the flowers of Verbena defiance, or the glowing bracts
» Of Poinsettia pulcherrima. The coloured plate opposite
» represents the plant at two thirds of its natural size, but
» it was impossible to reproduce the scintillations in the
» colour of the living plant.

» This species is à far more profuse bloomer than any
» other Begonia in cultivation, the flowers being produced
» in abundance from June till the frosts of Autumn. Further,
» the flowers stand better than those of any other Begonia.
» We had proof of it at the International Exhibition at
» Cologne, where this species retained its beauty in spite of
» the long journey, the tropical heat and dust it was subjected
» to, and continued to develop its flowers abundantly in
» the open air fully exposed to the sun, during the whole
» period, from Aug. 93, to Sept. 10, whilst a collection of
» hybrid tuberous-rooted Begonias placed by their side,
» under the same conditions, had lost nearly all their flowers
» at end of the second day. »

The foregoing information on the hardy constitution of
our plant, furnished by Mr. Frœbel himself, gives us reason
to believe that it will prove a valuable species for out-door

» belonging to the group with ornamental foliage. They | culture. Ep. Anpré.
» are of à livelÿy green, embellished with white hairs, and
PL. CCXXIV.

PURPLE-LEAVED PEACH.

In our last chronicle we mentioned the fruiting of this fine
American variety, which induced us to have the accompa-
nying coloured plate prepared. This was executed from the
subject that fruited in the establishment of Mr. A. Ver-
schaffelt at Ghent. We have already stated that it had also
been seen in fruit by Mr. Carrière, at Versailles. |

It is needless to say that this is one of the handsomest of
our hardy trees with coloured foliage ; but it has been ob-

PES

jected that it loses îts brilliant colour as the season advan-
ces, finally becoming quite green. This, however, is the case
with nearly all trees having highly coloured foliage in the
Spring ; and if the Purple-leaved Peach furnishes us with
one of the most brilliant colours that adorn the landscapes
of our parks and gardens for two or three months in
Spring, we may say that it has pretty well fulfilled its part
when Summer and Autumn arrive. ANDRÉ.

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L'ILLUSTRATION - HORTICOLE

BEGONIA FRŒBELII, A. DE CANDOLLE.

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L'ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE

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# THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE.

HORTICULTURAL CHRONICLE.

December, 1875.

— Tne FunGus Snow ar PEerT. — This show-was held |

on Sept. 29% and 30% and Oct. 1% and proved very successful.
Many of the principal British cryptogamists were present,
and the show of species is described as the most compre-
hensive ever seen, some 150,000 specimens. Many were of
great interest and rarity, and there were several additions
to the British flora. A full account of the meeting is given
in the Gardener's Chronicle for October 9. The show at
Hereford was rendered specially important by a valuable
paper read by Mr. W. G. Smith on the reproduction of
Coprinus radiatus, illustrated by beautifully coloured draw-
ings of large size.

— GARDEN VARIETIES or ToBacco. — The tobacco, Nico-
tiana tabacum, has given birth to a number of handsome
varieties, ornamental both from the amplitude of their foliage
and the colour of their flowers, and they add not a little
to the embellishment of à garden ; but many of our readers
will, doubtless, be surprised to learn that it is not permitted

to grow them in France. The cultivation of Tobacco is

restricted to certain departments, and elsewhere it is strictly
interdicted. France is probably the only country in the civil-
ised world in which such arbitrary regulations exist.

— MonoGrAPpx OF THE Lizres. — At the present time
a magnificent work is in course of preparation in England;
and it is of such a character as to recommend itself both
to the botanist and the horticulturist, not alone for the
interest of the subject, but likewise on account of the manner
in which it is to be treated. We allude to Mr. Elwes’s forth-
coming monograph of the splendid genus Lilium. Mr. Elwes
himself has traversed Asia Minor and various other countries
of the Levant, where he had opportunities of studying many
species in their native habitats, and of enriching his fine
collection at Cirencester. From a horticultural point of view
he has met with the most valuable assistance from Mr. Max
Leichtlin, of Carlsruhe, who has given him access to his
collection of cultivated Lilies, which stands unrivalled at
the present time. Botanically, he has the co-operation of
Mr. J. G. Baker, assistant curator of the large herbarium
at Kew, and one of the botanists, who, with Mr. Duchartre,
are best acquainted with the numerous forms presented by
this genus, the synonymy of which is in many cases exceed-
ingly perplexing. Mr. Elwes’'s monograph will be published
in large folio, in about six parts, at one guinea each, each
part containing eight coloured plates from drawings by
Mr. W. H. Fitch.

— Uses or Spanisæ Moss. — During the last few years
a Curious Bromeliaceous plant, Tillandsia usneoides!, which
is exceedingly common in the tropical and subtropical
regions of Spanish America, has been extensively employed
in various ways. It grows in tufts on trees, and bears à
general resemblance to an Usnea in its manner of growth.
In the trade it is known under the names of Spanish Moss,
barba de viejo, Old Man's Beard. At the present time the

annual export from New Orleans amounts to 10,000 bales,
It is used for stuffings cushions and other articles of
upholstery, for packing, and in the manufacture of paper,

— UM NOBILE. — This plant is just now the object
of special culture at Kew, and doubtless many of our sub-
scribers will be glad to know the mode of treatment pur-
sued, not only on account of the difiiculties encountered
with this particular species, but for the genus in general,
which has become a great favourite since the publication of
professor Baillon’s labours on it, and the discoveries of
Mr. Przschwalsky and other naturalists in Eastern Asia.
It will be remembered that in the elevated regions on the

mountain slopes where Rheum palmatum, R. officinale , and

probably other species, grow, the atmosphere is constantly
heavily charged with moisture; and at the same time the
inclination of the ground prevents the accumulation of water
about the thick, fleshy roots of these plants; a condition
which would speedily effect their destruction, The natura]
requirements of the plant were taken into consideration at
Kew. The seeds are sown in a cold frame in March , and the
young plants pricked out in pots in May and the pots
plunged in a mixture of sand and loam, 9 inches deep,
resting upon a layer of broken bricks 4 inches thick, which
secures effectual drainage. During the summer, the sashes
are removed, and replaced by straw shades, kept con-
stantly moist by syringing. In this way the young plants

enjoy à humid atmosphere. When it rains, the lights are

put on again , leaving at the same time free access to the air.

— À Tree FROM THE Mississrpr. — Recently a section of a
large tree has been sent to the Philadelphia exhibition from
the sources of the Mississipi. It measures twenty feet in
diameter. The tree from which it was taken was 26 feet in
diameter at the base, and 276 feet high. From the number
of concentric rings it is estimated that the age of the tree
was 2120 years. The portion of the trunk sent is sixteen
feet long, and a room of considerable size might be fitted
up in the hollow centre. |

_ Frora or Tasmanta. — Baron Müller has recently
published, under the title of À Census of the Plants of
Tasmania, a very accurate list of all the Flowering Plants
and Ferns indigenous in Tasmania, which will be alike
useful botanists and horticulturists.

Orrruarx. — The death is announced of an Irish amateur
horticulturist, Dr. Plant, well known to all who have
devoted themselves to the culture of the Auricula. The de-
ceased was 85 years of age, having expired at Monkstown
in October last.

Horticulture has sustained another loss in the person of

Albert Bruchmüller, à collector, who has sent many 1in-

teresting plants to Europe, especially Orchids, from the
i tates of Colombia.

an ile vas born at Magdeburg, and has been

successively attached to the firms of Messrs. Hugh Low et

91

op

THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. : 99

Co, and Mr. W. Bull. From the imperfect reports received,
it appears that this hapless traveller was assassinated by à
soldier in the beginning of August last. Doubtless this act
was in some way connected with the civil war which is again
desolating that beautiful but unfortunate couniry.

The death of Mr. Alphonse Mas is a no less serious loss
to Pomology. He was President of the Committee of the
French Pomological Society, and he was carried of by a
fresh attack of a serious complaint shortly after his return
from the last congress at Ghent. Mr. Mas, a chevalier of the
Légion of Honour, was the son of a merchant of Lyons.
His marriage in 1842 caused him to settle at Bourg, in the
department of Ain, where his taste for fruit-tree culture
soon led to his establishing some gardens adjoining the town
walls, which now contain 8000 fruit-trees. He was the
founder of the Horticultural Society of Ain, and soon
became affiliated to every enterprise of importance connected
with fruit-tree culture. In 1863, Mr. Mas commenced his
pomological work Le Verger (The Orchard), a work of solid
information, which has earned its author a worthy repu-
tation, and which has already reached its eighth volume.
In 1874, a new publication, Le Vignoble (The Vineyard) was
undertaken in connection with Mr. Pulliat. This contains

figures and descriptions of the best varieties of grapes for
the table and the wine-press. During the last fifteen years,
Mr. Mas took an active part at the most important fruit
shows, and much more valuable work was expected from
him, when he died at the age of 59 years.

Ep. AnDrf.

Mr. André travelling. — Early in November last, our
editor, Mr. Ed. André, left Europe on a mission of scien-
tific exploration to equatorial America. Botany and horti-
culture are the principal objects of his Journey, and a part
of the project is to explore some little known regions of
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. We hope that he
will succeed in collecting some valuable plants, and that he
will return home laden with interesting informations respect-
ing that paradise of vegetation. Before starting he had
secured the services of a distinguished botanist to conduct
the publication of the Zustration Horticole during the forth-
coming year: and we ourselves have taken every possible
precaution to ensure for it its usual attractions, to say
nothing of the interesting communications Mr. André will
not fail to send us from America.

J. LINDEN.

| PL. COXXV. |
ARALIA (?) VEITCHI, Horr. ANGL.

NAT. ORD. ARALIACEAE.
ETYMOLOGY sad CENERUU CHARACTER : We cannot refer this plant with certitude to the genus Aralia withont flowers,
and therefore we simply retain its provisional name with all reservations.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER : arbuscula erecta, glabra, #runca cylindraceo maculis subereis vittata, longe petiolata, petiolo filiformi

8-10 cent. longo, apice geniculato eburneo, basi

| incrassato amplexicauli stipula ovato-obtusa subereis vittata, lobis 10-12 lberis,
10-15 cent. longis, 4 mill. latis, linearibus acutis, marginibus elegantissime undulatis,

costa utrinque prominula, supra atroviridi-

bus, nervis marginibusque albido-roseis, subtus cinereo-violascentibus; flores.…. — In Nova-Caledonia. — E. A.
Aralia Veitchi, Hort, Angl. — Veitch, Cafal. 1873, p. 11 (cum. fig.). — The Garden, 1875, p.483 (cum fig.) — Gard.
Chron. 1874, p. 49, 92 et 727.— Belg. hort. XXIV, p.29. — Cogniaux et Marchal, Plantes ornementales, IT, pl. xcvrur.

Aralia Veitchi is a woody, erect plant having a simple,
cylindrical stem, more or less covered with unequal corky
patches, tinged with violet when young, deep green near
the petiole with triangular spots. Petiole very slender 4 to
6 inches long, swollen at the base and stem-clasping, with
short oval obtuse stipules, slightly kneed at the summit
and ivory white, iron-grey throughout the rest of its length.
Blade of the leaf digitate, lobes almost free to the base,
4 to 6 inches long, and nearly 2 lines broad, linear, acute

pinky white veins and bordered with the same tinge, dul
violet beneath; midrib prominent on both surfaces.

This elegant Araliaceae, a native of New Caledonia, has
taken its place in the first rank of decorative plants, on

account of the grace and beauty of its foliage; indeed for
the dinner-table, side-board , Window, and other in-door

purposes it has few rivals.
It was discovered by Mr. Pancher, who disposed of some

specimens of it to Mr. John Gould Veitch; and subsequently
introduced both living plants and seeds to Mr. Linden’s
Establishment at Ghent. Ep. Anpré.

often oblique at the tip, and elegantly waved at the margin.
In colour the leaves are of a deep green above, traversed by

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93 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. 94

PL. CCXXVI.

TODEA WILKESIANA, BRACKENRIDGE.

NAT. ORD. FILICES.

ETYMOLOGY : After a distinguished german mycologist, named Tode, author of Fungi Mecklenburgenses

GENERIC CHARACTER : omnia Osmundacearum (i.e. Sporangia hypophylla, v. frondibus contractis oil edicellata
tenuissime membranacea, annulo dorsali lato incompleto, vertice dehiscentia, sporae oblongae v. subglobosae, indusia ue pois
bipinnatae, stomatibus praeditae, vernatione circinnatae, fertiles saepissime contractae); charact. autem Draren sic : à rangia
venulis frondis imposita. — Filices Novae-Hollandiae, Novae-Zelandiae et Novae-Caledonine, frondibus bipinnatis. Hs

Todea, Willdenow, in Act. Acad. Erfurt, 1802, p. 11. — Schkubr, Crypt. t. 147. — Kaulf, Enum. t. 1 .p. 5. — Hook et
Grev. Ie. t. 101. — A. Rich, F1. Nov.-Zeel., t. 16. ro

SPECIFIC CHARACTER : caudex erectus, stipitibus laevibus semi-teretibus antice sulcatis, frondes membranacene glabrae
bipinnatae, pinnis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis inferioribus deflexis, rachibus pilosis alatis, pinnulis oblongis obtusis dentatis basi
oblique cuneatis pellucido-punctatis. — Nova-Caledonia, ins. Fidji.

Todea Wilkesiana, Brackenridge, United States exploring expedition, XX, 309, t. 48.

— Fraseri $ Hooker et Baker, Syn. fil. p.427.

This charming Fern is a native of New Caledonia, whence | for the elegance and grace of its decompound finely cut ,
Mr. Linden’s collectors have lately sent some fine living | membranous translucent fronds, resembling in the latter
examples. It is also found in New Zealand, the Fiji Isles, | characters those of à Æymenophyllum and other ferns that
and probably in other parts of the Southern Archipelago. delight in a humid atmosphere.

It assumes the form of a miniature tree, having an erect, To have this fern in all its beauty it should be kept in a
black stem, swollen at the base, and clothed with adven- | cold or temperate house, with a close, moist atmosphere,
titious roots. Scars of the fallen fronds prominent. In heïght | such as suits Leptopteris superba ; but it will flourish without
this species barely exceeds à yard, judging from the speci- | being confined in a glass case. En. ANDRé.
mens seen on our last trip to Ghent; but it is remarkable

PL. CCXXVII.

M: J. LINDENS NEW WINTER GARDEN.

D. Smithii, Cibotium princeps with a trunk 16 feet high,
C. regale, C. spectabile, Todea caffra and barbara with
enormous trunks, Livistona olivaeformis, Hoogendorpii and
Jenkinsii, Latania borbonica, Jubaea spectabilis, Phoenix
tenuis, aurea, etc., Chamaerops stauracantha, arborea and
elegans, Thrinax argentea and elegans, Dion edule, Cycas
revoluta and circinalis, Encephalartos caffra, glabra horrida,
lanuginosa, Lehmanni, villosa, Vroomi and other handsome
species, Strelitzia Ernesti-Augusti, Musa ensete, etc., etc.

A fine large iron and glass structure has recently been
added to Mr. Linden’s establishment, to shelter the spe-
cimen Palms, Ferns, Cycads, etc. It is a magnificent con-
servatory, as may be imagined from the accompanying
plate, measuring nearly 100 feet in length, by 52 feet in
breadth and 30 feet in height.

In this spacious building, Mr. Linden will be able to
winter his large specimens of tree-ferns, among which he
has Balantium antarctieum with trunks 20 feet high and usa en.
3 yards in girth! Probably the largest hitherto introduced | — It will be readily understood that it is diffcult to say
into Europe. much about the constantly changing occupants of a house in

Among some of the handsomer of the plants occupying | a commercial establishment, and therefore we are content
this house, we observed examples of Cyathea medullaris | with quoting the names of a few remarkable species to-day,
with trunks exceeding 12 feet in height, surmounted with a | especially as we shall frequently have occasion to repair
crown of magnificent fronds, Cyathea dealbata, excelsa, etc., | thither again.

Alsophila contaminans. A. australis, Dicksonia squarrosa, A. Ducos.

95 THE ILLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. :

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COLOURED PLATES

IN THIS VOLUME.

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