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THE JOURNAL Oa
OF
THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
j
Vor. XXXVII. BOTANY. No. 257. "uu
CONTENTS.
Page
I. List of the Carices of Malaya. By C. B. CLARKE,
(007 cgo 7 Pete TUNE qe 1
II. Some Bicarpellary Beans. By Erro DrRABBLE, D.Sc.,
Peas CW GIES) E 2. nee see rne tr rh nn een 17
III. On the Species of Impatiens in the Wallichian
Herbarium of the Linnean Society. By Sir J. D.
Hooxer, G.C.S.I., F.R.S., F.L.S. ........................ 22
IV. On the Blaze-Currents of Vegetable Tissues: a
Week’s Holiday with a Galvanometer and some
Plants. By Dr. A. D. Warrer, F.R.S. (Communi-
cated by Prof. J. B. Farmer, F.R.S., F.L.S.) (With
8 fiom.) "LRL apis acs inva ein rat nont hn hon n 32
See Notice on last page of Wrapper.
LONDON:
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE,
PICCADILLY, W.;
AND BY
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.,
AND
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.
1904.
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND COUNCIL.
Elected 24th May, 1904.
PRESIDENT.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, D.Sc., F.R.S.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A. Albert O. Seward, F.R.S.
Dr. A. Günther, F.R.S. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.R.S.
TREASURER.
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A.
1 SECRETARIES. E
D. H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D., F.R S. | Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S.
COUNCIL.
V. H. Blackman, M.A. Dr. W. G. Ridewood, F.Z.S.
Charles Baron Clarke, M.A., F.R.S. G. S. Saunders, F. E.S. .
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A. Dukinfield H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D.,
Prof. J. B. Farmer, M.A., D.Sc., E.R.S. F.R.S.
Dr. A. Günther, F.R.S. A. C. Seward, M.A., F.R.S.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S. Dr: Otto Stapf.
E. Daydon Jackson, Esq. Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S.
F. G. Parsons, F.Z.5. Prof. Sydney H. Vines, D.Sc., F.R.8.
GENERAL SECRETARY.
B. Daydon Jackson, Esq. .
LIBRARIAN. CLERK.
A. W. Kappel. A. R. Hammond.
LIBRARY COMMITTEE,
This consists of nine Fellows (three of whom retire annually) and of the
officers ex officio; the former are elected annually by the Council in June,
and serve till the succeeding Anniversary. The Committee meets at 4 p.m.,
as required during the Session. The Members for 1904-1905, in addition to
the officers, are :—
Herbert Druce, F.Z.8. A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.
Antony Gepp, M.A. A. G. Tansley, M.A.
W. Botting Hemsley, F.R.S. Prof. H. Marshall Ward, F.R.S.
Dr. G. Henderson. Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S.
P. Chalmers Mitchell, M.A., F.Z.S.
THE
JOURNAL
OF
THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
30 TA N Y.
VOL. XXXVII.
LONDON:
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE,
PICCADILLY, W.,
AND BY
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.,
AND
. WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.
1904-1906,
Dates of Publieation of the several Numbers included in this Volume.
No. 251, pp. l- 50, published November 1, 1904.
» 258, » 51-115, » July 1, 1905.
», 259, » 116-274, » September 30, 1905.
» 200, » 275-882, " July 23, 1906.
» 261, » 923-400, » October 18, 1906.
» 203, „ 407-544, Index, Title-page, and Contents,
published November 1, 1906.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,
LIST OF PAPERS.
Page
Baker, EpMunp GILBERT, F.L.S., Spencer Le MARCHANT
Moonz, F.L.S., and ALFRED Barton ReNDLE, D.Sc., F.L.S.
The Botany of the Anglo-German Uganda Boundary Commission.
(Plates1-4)......... see een n nn etna 116
Baker, Joun GILBERT, F.R.S., F.L.S.
A Revised Classification of Roses, 1905 ...... 0.0 eee eee eee 70
Brown, A. F., Director of Woods and Forests in the Soudan.
Some Notes on the “ Sudd "-Formation of the Upper Nile.
(Communicated by C. H. Wright, A.L.S) .... esee 51
Brown, RosgnT N. RupMoss, B.Sc.
The Botany of Gough Island. (Communicated by W. Botting
Hemsley, F.R.S., F.L.S.)
I, Phanerogams and Ferns. (Plates 7-9 and fig.). . .... 238
II. Cryptogams (excluding Ferns and Unicellular Algz).
With C. H. Wrigut and O. V. DARBISHIRE ...... 263
CLARKE, CHARLES Baron, F.R.S., F.L.S.
List of the Carices of Malaya ...... een n 6n 1
—— See STAPF, O.
COTTON, ARTHUR DissnowE, F.L.S., Assistant, Herbarium, Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew.
On some Endophytic Algæ. (Plate 12)....... sss 288
Page
Darpisnire, Orro Vernon. See Brown, R.N. R.
Dawe, Monrzy Tromas,
Notes on the Vegetation of Buddu and the Western and Nile
Provinces of the Uganda Protectorate. (Communicated by
Dr. Otto Stapf, FLAS.) oe ccc eee eee ees 533
——-— See STAPF, O.
DRABBLR, Eric, D.Sc., F.L.S.
Some Bicarpellary Beans (with 6 figures) ...........-..0005. 17
FARMER, Jour DngrLAND, F.R.S., F.L.S. See WALLER, A. D.
Ginss, Miss Lintan Suzette, F.L.S.
A Contribution to the Botany of Southern Rhodesia. (Plates
17-20) ........ DEMNM MM 495
GipsoN, Rosert J, Harvey, M.A., F.L.S.
The Axillary Scales of Aquatie Monocotyledons. (Plates 5 & 6). 998
Groves, Henry, F.L.S., and James Groves, F.L.S.
On Characeæ from the Cape Peninsula collected by Major A.
H. Wolley-Dod, R.A. (Plate 1) ................s ee eee 985
Groves, JAMES, F.L.S. See Groves, HENRY.
llanes, Henry HaskErroor, F.L,S,
On two new Species of Populus from Darjeeling. (With
figures) ee eee ec eee hai 407
TTavata, Bunzo.
On Taiwania,a new Genus of Conifers from the Island of
Formosa, (Plate 16.) (Communicated by Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S, F.L.S.) oonan anana EEEE 330
HEMSLEY, WILLIAM Borrina, F.R.S., F.L.S. See Brown, R.N. R.
HooxER, Sir Josepa Darton, G.C.S.L, F.R.S., F.L.S.
On the Species of Impatiens in the Wallichian Herbarium of
the Linnean Society ........ TP MS 22
Ik RANZLIN, Fivz, Ph.D.
Cyrtaudracesie Malayaneæ insularis nove. (Communicated by
Dr. Otto Stapf, ELS) i. sisi 275
Masters, MaxwELL Typex, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.3.
Notes on the Genus Widdringtonia ........... esse. ees 267
A Correction of Widdringtonia equisetiformis to Callitris
robusta a.nns ce cee cc ee eee eee eee a ue th een 332
On the Conifers of China ....... llle 410
—-— See Hayara, B.
MoonxE, Spencer Le Marcuant, F.L.5.
A Second Contribution to the Flora of Africa.—Rubiacew and
Composite. II. (Plates 13-15) ............00. 02200000. 208
—— See BAKER, E. G., and others.
PRAIN, Davin, Lieut.-Col., I.M.S., F.R.S., F.L.S.
Mansonie&, a new Tribe of the Natural Order Sterculiacex.
(Plate 10). . ., .. aeaaeae HMM 250
RENDLE, ALFRED Barton, D.Sc., F.L.S. See BAKER, E. G.,
and others.
RoLFE, ROBERT ALLEN, A.L.S. See STAPF, O.
, ) )
SPRAGUE, THOMAS ARCHIBALD, B.Sc., F.L.S. See STAPF, O.
Srapr, Orro, Ph.D., F.L.S.
Contributicns to the Flora of Liberia ................ sese 79
—— Plante Nove Daweane in Uganda lecte. In collaboration
with T. A. SPnAGUvE, B.Sc, F.L.S.,, R. A. ROLFE, A.L.S.,
C. B. CLARKE, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., M. T. Dawn, and C. H.
Wmnianr, A.L.S.; and with an Appendix by M. T. Dawe.
(Plates 21-22, and Map) .......... eese 495
Turcuer, WILLIAM JAMES, P.L.S.
Descriptions of some New Species, and Notes on other Chinese
Plants oo eee n Hasen 58
WALLER, AUGUSTUS DESIRÉ, M.D., F.R.S.
On the Blaze-Currents of Vegetable Tissues: a Week's holiday
with a Galvanometer and some Plants. (Communicated by
Prof. J. B. Farmer, F.R.S., F.L.S.) (8 figures)... 32
vi
Page
WorLEv-Dop, Major ANTHONY Ilurt. See Groves, HENRY.
WoopneapD, THomas WiiiraM, F.L.S.
Ecology of Woodland Plants in the Neighbourhood of Hudders-
field. (With 70 figures) 0.2... .. 6 cece eee n nn 333
WRIGHT, CHARLES Henry, A.LS. See Broun, A. F.
—— See Brown, R. N. R.
LIST OF THE ‘PLATES,
1. TRIMERIA MACROPIIYLLA, Baker f.
STYASASIA AFRICANA, S. Moore.
EnvrTuüRococca Paxu, Rendle.
Hemantnus RApcLIFFEI, Rendle.
oor WD
‘. | AXILLARY SCALES of AQUATIC MONOCOTYLEDONS.
. Gover IsLAND.
VEGETATION on Govan ISLAND.
. QOorvLA coucusnsis, R. N. R. Dr.
10. Mansonia Gacr, J. R. Drumm.
11. Cnuana ranYGLocuis, H. & J. Groves.
12. Enpopuytic ALGE.
13. POLYSPHÆRIA ZOMBENSIS, S. Moore.
ls Bempycopium ATüANASLE, Kunze.
B. SPHENOGYNE BRACHYLOBA, Kunze.
15. DICOMA RADIATA, Less.
16. TarwaNiA CRYPTOMERIOIDES, Hayata.
17. VEGETATION at VicroRiA FALLS.
oon
19. | Vegetation of Maroro HrLrs.
21. WanRBURGIA UGANDENSIS, Sprague.
22. BarsauxociTRUS Dawzi, Stapf.
23. Mar to illustrate Mn. Dawz's Journey.
ERRATA.
Page 20, line 50, for Hausemannia read Hansemannia.
» 90, „ 5 from bottom, for Juspia read Jurpia.
» 60, „ 28, for alternata read attenuata,
» 72, , 6 from bottom, for WATSONINIANA read W ATSONIANA.
» "4, „ 8 from bottom, for piscicarpa read pisocarpa.
, 81, , 21, for Tetraceras read Tetracera.
191, ,, 15, for SorunEA read Sorun1A.
» 192, , 9 (the same correction).
„ 243, lines 8 & 9, for coronifolia read coronopifolia,
275, line 14, for parvifolia read parviflora,
» 292, ,, 31, for Jardinianwm read Jadinianum.
295, ,, 8, for lacertum read /aceratum.
296, lines 18 & 14, for parasiticus, Sauv., read parasiticum, De Toni.
„ 826, line 21, for AuTUNESII read ANTUNESH.
Plate 9, headline, for Bruce read Brown,
-
THE JOURNAL
OF
THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
| /
List of the CanrcEs of Malaya. By C. B. Cr&fxz, F.L.S.
(Read 3rd March, 1904.]
Tuis List comprises all the species of Carex known to me from
Malaya, with short diagnoses of those considered new. By
“ Malaya ” is understood the Archipelago from Sumatra to the
Philippines and New Guinea, together with the Malay and
Tonkin Peninsulas. The material used is that in the Kew
Herbarium. Dr. A. Zahlbruckner, of the Vienna Hofmuseum,
to whom I was introduced by Dr. O. Stapf, kindly sent for my
examination several types of Zollinger, of great value for estab-
lishing the names of Zollinger and Miquel. I regret that I have
not been able to make any use of the fine collection in the
British Museum. To avail myself of these, I must have trans-
ported the whole of my MSS. thither ; and it would have taken me
more time than I can give to work out the specific names of the
critical species from my own technical descriptions. Further,
Ido not think it would have strengthened this paper to have
added such determinations; I should not have felt sure enough
of the exact agreement of the plants. It would of course have
been different if I could have laid the plants side by side, when
the identification would have been more certain as well as more
speedy.
The Malay Carex consists (here) of 54 species; of which 36,
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. v
2 MR, C. B. CLARKE ON
including all the new ones (11), belong to one subgenus, Cari-
candra. This subgenus includes, in the World, 125 species ; of
these, 19 recede from the usual habit of the subgenus by the
stem having only 1-5 spikes; these 19 show affinities to species
in various other subgenera of Carex. The main, typical, Cari-
candre, 106 in number, with numerous spikes, sometimes called
the Section “ Indice,” form a natural group of species, very
homogeneous, and therefore very difficult to separate into species.
They are an essentially Tropical group, of which 77 occur in
South-east Asia, 16 in Tropical Africa, 13 in Tropical America ;
there is no Carex in Palearctica or Nearctica that can be com-
pared with them ; the culm bears numerous (10-200) spikes.
In the Flora of British India, the group Indice contains
52 species out of a total of 142 Carew in India. That the Malay
Flora should possess 36 species of Indice, out of a total of 54
Carex, is therefore what might have been expected. The group
Indies, however, becomes much scarcer in China, and only a few
reach Japan, where other sections of Carex abound.
The Central American and Tropical African species of the
group Indies are so closely allied structurally to the South-east
‘Asiatic, that I have not found it possible to give absolute diag-
noses to distinguish them ; thus Boott made a Madagascar plant
conspecific with Carew bengalensis, Roxb. At the same time, I
do not find that the closely-allied Carea of this group from
different continents match; I have therefore treated these species
geographically. Several of the species described below as new
were catalogued in Dr. Stapf's Kinabalu plants (Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. 2, Bot. vol. iv. [1893] p. 246) by me under old names : the
corrections in the present paper are attempts to define geo graphic
subspecies as species; that is to say, the Kinabalu Carex (group
Indies) do not exactly match the closely-allied Indian.
The group Hemiscapose, as to the plants typieally belonging
to it, appears very plainly defined; there are at the very base
and on the sterile tufts long, well-developed leaves; the stems
have the peduncle-holding bracts short, and the stem-leaves, if
any, are similar to and hardly longer than the bracts. Many
species are thus definitely hemi-seapose. But the character in
many other species is less marked, and we have finally a large
number of species which may be put in some other group alto-
gether or may be attached to the Hemiscapose. Dr. Theodore
Holm believes that he is always able to locate the species in its
THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 3
true affinity when he is able to cultivate it for a few seasons;
but this does not help the arrangement of Carex in a large
herbarium.
I have run out this list short, and have eited (mainly) new
synonyms only, not those which have been cited before. One
ofthe most curious is Carex glaucescens, Elliott, a plant of the
South-east United States, which belongs to a section that always
has a trifid style. Boott, however, says (Carex, pp. 89°& 90)
that it has occasionally a bifid style. The American authors
also say it has a trifid or bifid style. I found the example with
bifid style in herb. Boott, collected at the Isle of Pines, with a
note by Boott that the Isle of Pines is close to Cuba. But
this sheet was colleeted by Milne in the Isle of Pines near New
Caledonia, and is totally unlike the American C. glaucescens,
Elliott. In C. glaucescens the style is always trifid, in C. phacodes,
Spreng., it is always bifid.
CoNsPECTUS of the MALAY CAREX.
Subgenus I. VIGNEANDRA. Style bifid. Spikes (many of
them) female at base, male at top.
Sect. A. BnEvIsPICX. Spikes less than 4 in. long.
l. C. Thomsoni. 2. C. nubigena.
Sect. B. LowarsPrcz. Spikes linear-lanceolate, an inch
long or more.
3. C. brunnea. 4. C. Graeffeana.
Subgenus II. VIGNEGYNE. Style bifid. Spikes (many of
them) male at base, female at top.
Sect. 1. Remora. Spikes sessile, less than 2 in. long.
5. C. alta. 6. C. remota.
Sect. 2. Cernuz. Spikes peduncled, 1-14 in. long.
7. C. cernua.
Subgenus III. EUVIGNEA. Style bifid. Terminal spike wholly
male.
a. Female glumes muticous.
8. C. Gaudichaudiana.
b. Female glumes aristellate.
9. C. phacodes. 10. C. pruinosa.
Subgenus 1V. CARICIMIA. Style trifid. Stem with one
spike only.
ll. C. rara. 12. C. capillacea.
n2
4 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON
Subgenus V. CARICANDRA. Style trifid. Terminal spike (and
often many others) male at top, female at base (no spikes
male at base, female at top).
Sect. A. HEMIscAPOsE. Flowering stems scapiform, with
short (or no) leaves; the basal leaves, and those on
sterile tufts, often very long.
13. C. scaposa. 14. C. eryptostachys.
Sect. B. Ponystacuex. Stems not scapiform, with 10-200
spikes.
* Brevispicz. Spikes short, rarely up to 10-15 mm. long.
+ Stramentitie. Spikes straw-coloured.
15. C. indica. 16. C. Dietrichie. 17. C. stra-
mentitia. 18. C. repanda. 19. C. perakensis.
20. C. malaccensis.
Tt Cruciate. Spikes not straw-coloured.
21. C. cruciata. 22. C. gembolensis. 23. C. Raffle-
siana. 24. C. scaberrima. 25. C. fuirenoides.
26. C. Horsfieldit. 27. C. Balansai.
28. C. Cumingii.
ttt Filicine. Spikes not straw-coloured, rather slenderer
than in Tt Cruciate.
29. O. filicina. 30. C. continua. 31. C. spatiosa.
32. C. neo-guinensis. 33. C. saturata.
94. C. rhizomatosa.
** Longispice. Spikes linear-cylindrie, more than 2 em.
long.
a. Peduncles (some) 2 or more from one bract-sheath.
35. C.arridens. 36. C. hypsophila. 37. C. Havi-
landi. 38. C. turrita. 39. C. sumatrensis.
b. Peduncle never more than one from each bract-
sheath.
40. C. baccans. 41. C. curvirostris. | 42. C. ton-
kinensis. 43. C. composita.
Sect. C. OnrcosrAcuy;. Stems not scapiform, with 1-5
(rarely 8) spikes.
a. Psilosacce. Utricles glabrous.
44. C. borneensis. 45. C. speciosa.
f. Trichosacee. Utricles hairy.
46. C. Loheri. 47. C. madoerensis.
48. C. longibracteata.
THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 5
Subgenus VI. PROPRIA. Style trifid. Terminal spike wholly
male.
a. Utricles glabrous.
49. C. olivacea. 50. C. Jackiana. 51. C. tumida.
52. C. Pseudocyperus.
5. Utricles hairy.
53. breviculmis. 54. C. Wallichiana.
Subgenus I. VrGNEANDRA.
1. Carex Tuomsont, Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 1. t. 1; Franch.
én Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 212, 239
(Thompsoni).
Tonkin; Balansa n. 2820.
Distrib. North-east India. Ichang.
2. CanEX NUBIGENA, D. Don, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. (1825)
p. 326.
Distrib. From Cabul to Ceylon, Yunnan and Japan.
Var. (3. fallax ; stricta, culmo 4-6 dm. longo; foliis in sicco
arcte convolutis; inflorescentiá 12 mm. longá, 8-10 mm. lata,
pyramidali, densi; bracteá inferiore 3-4 cm. longá, suberecta ;
utriculo in rostrum subito angustato, in parte superiore interdum
a glandulis consperso ; rostro lineari, basi lineari-conico, in mar-
ginibus scabro subserrulato.
C. fallax (sp.), Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. ii. p. 60, Cyp. p. 189;
Maiq. Fl. Nederl. Ind. ii. p. 847; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. (1875) p. 57.
C. pterolepta, Franch. in Nouv. Arch, Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896)
pp. 215, 239.
Java; alt. 1750 metr. Zollinger n. 2554 fide Miquel; sine
habitat, Kurz (in hb. Kew).
Distrib. Yunnan.
3. CAREX BRUNNEA, Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784) p. 38; Drake, Fl.
Ins. Pacif. p. 336; Hook. f. in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, v. p. 108;
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 241, 259.
Celebes ; alt. 2500-3000 meir., Everett n. 38.
Distrib. Masearenia, India, China, Japan, Australia, Poly-
nesia to the Sandwich Islands ; a common plant.
4. CAREX GRAEFFEANA, Boeck.! in Flora, lviii. (1875) p. 123.
Ins. Philippine; Benguet, Loher n. 699.
Distrib. Samoa.
6 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON
Subgenus IJ. Vrenrcyne.
5. Carex ALTA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845) p. 254;
Carex, p. 59, t. 153.
C. Brizopyrum, Kwnze, Suppl. Schkuhr, p. 169, t. 43.
Java; Horsfield n. 10, Forbes nn. 1110, 1120.
Distrib. North-east India; and a var. (Rochebruni, Franchet)
in Japan.
6. Carex REMOTA, Linn. Aman. Acad. iv. (1759) p. 298; Sp.
Pl. ed. 2, p. 1383.
Common in the cool North Temperate Zone of the Old World,
extending to Sitka and Japan.
Var. Rochebruni, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.
p. 706 (syn. Franch. et Savat. excl.).
Java; Zollinger n. 3192.
Distrib. Abundant in the Himalaya; also in China.
7. CAREX CERNUA, Boott, Carex, iv. (1867) p. 171, t. 578, non
Franchet.
C. lobolepis, F. Muell.! Fragm. Phyt. Austral. viii. p. 258.
C. phacota, Franch, in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, ix. (1897)
pp. 117, 158, non. Spreng.
Tonquin; Balansa nn. 221, 2826.
Distrib. North-east India, China, Japan. New South Wales.
Subgenus III. EuviGNEA.
8. Carex GavunricHaUDIANA, Kunth, Enum. Pl. i. (1837)
p. 417 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. p. 99, t. 151 a.
C. vulgaris, var. Gaudichaudiana, Boott, Carex, p. 169 partim.
C. esespitosa, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 242.
C. contracta, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. viii. p. 258.
Neo-Guinea ; Guilianetti et English.
Distrib. Australia. New Zealand.
9. CAREX PHACODES, Spreng. Syst. ii. (1826) p. 826, errore
typogr. phacota; Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 683, t. 168; Franch.
in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, ix. (1897) p. 117 pro parva parte;
Hook. f. in Trimen, Flora Ceylon, v. p. 104.
C. lenticularis, D. Don, in Trans. Linn. Soc, xiv. (1825) p. 331, non
Michaux.
C. platycarpa, Steud. Cyp, p. 214.
THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 7
C. rubro-brunea, Franch.! in Nouv. Arch, Mus. Par. sér. 3, ix. (1897)
pp. 123, 159, non C. B. Clarke.
C. glaucescens, Boott! Carex, p. 89, quoad exempla stylo 2-fido.
(The name “ phacodes” is a translation merely by Sprengel of
* Jenticularis.")
Java; Horsfield, H. O. Forbes n. 426.
Distrib. Cape of Good Hope. India. China. Japan. Poly-
nesia.
10. Carex PRUINOSA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845)
p. 255; Carez, p. 65, t. 174.
C. pruinosa, var. B. picta, Boott, Carex, p. 198; Franch. in Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Par, sér. 3, ix. (1897) pp. 155, 162.
C. picta, Boott, in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. vi. (1859) p. 418.
C. dimorpholepis, Steud, Cyp. p. 214.
C. Maximowiezii, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.- Bat. ii. p. 150.
Java; Horsfield.
Distrib. Khasia. China. Japan.
Subgenus IV. CARICIMIA.
11. CAREX RaRA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845) p. 284,
Carex, p. 44, t. 109; Hook. f. in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, v. p. 105;
Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. iv. (1894) p. 246.
Borneo; Kinabalu, alt. 3500 metr., Haviland n. 1393.
Distrib. Ceylon. North-east India.
12. CAREX CAPILLACEA, Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 44 t. 110;
Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. pp. 486, 437 ; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Par. sér. 8, viii. (1896) pp. 197, 209 (synn. C. nana, C. onta-
kensi excl.); Meinsh. in Act. Hort. Petrop. xvii. (1901)
pp. 286, 316 partim.
C. capitellata, Boiss. FI. Orient. v. p. 399.
C. simplicissima, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. ix. p. 191.
Ins. Philippine; Benguet, Loher n. 705.
Distrib. South-east Asia, extending to Lazistan, Sachalin, and
New South Wales.
Subgenus V. CARICANDRA.
13. Carex scaposa, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. cxiii. (1887) t. 6940
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 255, 260.
Distrib. China.
8 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON
Var. B. baviensis, Franch. ! in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3,
viii. (1896) p. 255.
Tonkin ; Mons Bavi, alt. 800 metr., Balansa n. 2815.
14. CAREX CRYPTOSTACHYS, Brongn. in Duperrey, Voy.
Coquille, (1829) p. 152, t. 25; C. cyrtostachys, C. B. Clarke, in
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. p. 714, errore typogr.
Penang; Wallich n. 3383. Perak; alt. 1000 metr., hb. King
n. 8517. Singapore; Ridley n. 1720.
Tonkin; Balansa nn. 2822, 2823. Java; Zollinger, fide
Miquel.
Distrib. Also in Hongkong and Waigiou.
15. Carex INDICA, Linn. Mant. alt. (1771) p. 574; nee Kunth
nec Nees.
C. Moritzii, Steud.! in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. Heft 2, p. 60, Cyp.
p.207; Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. p. 350; J. Schmidt, in Bot, Tidsskr.
xxiv. (1901) p. 38.
Trang; Kunstler n. 1883. Penang; alt. 250 metr., hb. King
n. 1496. Kedah; alt. 750 metr., Ridley n. 5147.
Java; Zollinger n. 318. Cochinchina; Pierre n. 1881.
Var. B. lete-brunnea, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.
vi. p. 715, in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxxiv. (1898) p. 115.
C. indica, Boott, Carex, ii. (1860) p. 87, t. 251; Boeck. in Linnea, xl.
(1876) p. 347 partim ; Hook. f. in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, vi. pp. 102, 108.
C. bengalensis, Thwaites! Enum. Pl. Zeyl. p. 355 partim.
C. longi-aristata, Kurz, in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlv. pars 2 (1876)
p. 160.
C. Thwaitesii, Boott ! MS.
C. fissilis, Boott ! MS. partim.
Pahang; Ridley n. 2145. Johore; Ridley n. 4099.
Distrib. Ceylon. Tenasserim.
16. Carex Dretricurx, Boeck.! in Flora, lviii. (1875) p. 122.
C. indica, Linn., var. B., Boott, Carex, ii. (1860) p. 87, t. 254.
C. indica, Linn., var Milnei, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.
p. 715.
C. fuirenoides, Boott, Carex, ii. (1860) p. 156, non Gaudich.
C. Milnei, Boott! MS.
C. dispar, Boott! MS.
Pahang; Ridley n.21434. Borneo; Beccari n. 2741. North
Borneo; Creagh.
Distrib. Queensland. Polynesia.
THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 9
17. CAREX STRAMENTITIA, Boeck. in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 351.
Tonkin ; Balansa n. 2819.
Distrib. Assam. Chota Nagpore. Himalaya, west to Nepaul.
18. Carex nEPANDA, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.
vi. (1894) p. 720.
Khasia.
Var. (. émplumis ; paniculis partialibus pluribus evolutis,
apertis, compositis, polystachyis.
There are here no ripe examples of this plant, which may be a
new species.
Perak; alt. 75 metr., Wray n. 1982.
Distrib. Also in Yunnan.
19. Carex PERAKENSIS, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. vi. (1894) p. 720.
Perak; Wray. Selangor; Ridley.
20. Carex MALACCENSIS, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. vi. (1894) p. 722.
Langkawi; Ridley n. 1669.
21. Carex CRUCIATA, Wahlenb. in Vet.- Akad. Stockh. Handi.
xxiv. (1803) p. 149, non Nees; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 253, 260.
C. bengalensis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. p. 572; Benth. Fl. Hongk. p. 401.
C. valida, Nees, in Wight Contrib. p. 123.
C. indica, Munro, in Seem. Voy. * Herald,’ p. 423, non Linn.
C. indica, “ forma altera," Hook. f.! in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, vi. p. 109
in Obs.
C. vacua, Boeck. in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 343 partim ; Boott! MS.
C. Bruceana, Boott! MS. ; cf. Boott, Carez, ii. (1860) p. 85.
C. stramentitia, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. sér. 8, vii. (1895) p. 33,
fide Franchet, non Boott.
C. condensata, Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, vii. (1896)
p. 252; Boott! MS.
C. canaliculata, Boott MS.
Perak ; alt. 150 metr., hb. King n. 1906.
Distrib. India (common). Madagascar. Formosa.
Var. f). argocarpus, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.
p. 716.
C. benghalensis, Boott,Carex,ii. (1860) p. 85, pro magná parte tt. 240-242,
10 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON
Carex vacua, Boott MS. partim.
C. condensata, Boott MS. partim.
Tonkin; Balansa nn. 2816, 2817.
Distrib. Assam to Nepaul, common.
22. CAREX GEMBOLENSIS, sp. nova; utriculis 2-23 mm. longis,
copiose (stepe usque ad basin) hispido-pilosis, enervatis aut fere
enervatis ; ezeteroquin ut C. filicina, Nees.
C. Rafllesiana ?, Joott ! MS.
Panicule partiales 5-6, pyramidales ; pedunculi usque ad 10-
14 em. longi, interdum geminati. Spiee 8-10 mm. longs, basi
2-5-nucigere, plures apice masculo. Utriculi ellipsoidei trigoni,
paullo eurvati, in rostrum lineari-conieum angustati.
Java; prov. Modjokerto, Mt. Gembolo 4300', Zollinger, ser. 2,
n. 7.
Var. B. timorensis; inflorescentiá debiliore, laxá ; paniculis
partialibus 5 em. longis, 3 em. latis, admodum laxis.
Timor; alt. 1000 metr., F. Newton.
23. Carex RAFFLESIANA, Boott! in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx.
(1846) p. 132, Carex, i. (1858) p. 12, t. 33, var. B incl.
Java; Horsfield; Mt. Tidjeng 2000', Zollinger, Forbes n. 785.
Celebes ; Minahassa, Koorders nn. 16674 6, 16669 £.
Var. B. tenuior; magis attenuata, foliis angustioribus, paniculis
partialibus lineari-lanceolatis ; utriculis fere glabratis aut in
rostro parcius pilosis.
C. virgata, Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. (1856-9) p. 351, neque Hook. f.
(1853).
C. bengalensis, var. 8. virgata, Boeck.! in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 347.
C. vesiculosa ? Boott! MS.
Java; Mt. Tidjen, alt. 1750 metr. Zollinger. Sumatra;
alt. 2750 metr., Forbes n. 2389. Ins. Molucca; Ternate, alt.
1000 metr., Moseley.
24. CAREX SCABERRIMA, sp. nova; inflorescentià 45 cm. longa,
4 cm. latá ; panieulis partialibus usque ad 8 cm. longis, 15 mm.
latis, compositis, ramis ramulisque erectis hispide pilosis ; spi-
carum fasciculis pernumerosis, congestis; spicis innumerosis,
parvis.
C. bengalensis, var. y. scaberrima, Boeck, ! in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 347.
Peduneuli usque ad 10-15 em. longi, interdum geminati.
Luzon; Albany, Cuming n. 936.
THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 11
25. CAREX FUIRENOIDES, Gaudich.! in Freycinet, Voy. (1826)
p. 412; Kunth, Enum. Pl. ii. p. 508 ; non Boott, Carez, iv. (1867)
t. 507.
C. fibrata, Vidal! Phanerog. Cuming Philipp. p. 67, Pl. Vasc, Filip.
p. 286; Boott! MS.
C. indica, var. bengalensis, F. Muell.! Fragm. Phytogr. Austral. viii.
p 2949. |
C. fissilis, Benth.! Fl, Austral. vii. p. 441, non Boott.
Ins. Philippine ; Cebu, Cuming n. 1764; Merrill n. 109.
Distrib. Queensland. Ins. Marianne.
96. Carex HonsrrELDII, Boott! in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845)
. 257, Carex, i. (1858) p. 11, t. 32; Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii.
p. 949.
Java; Horsfield.
ge
27. Carex BALANSAIL Franch.! in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par.
sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 258, 260.
Tonkin; Mt. Raui, Balansa n. 2828.
28. Carex CUMINGII, Vidal! Phanerog. Cuming (1885) p. 156,
Pl. Vase. Filip. p. 286, non Boott.
Robusta. Folia usque ad 16 mm. lata. Inflorescentia 35 em.
longa, stricta; panicule partiales 4, remote, 5-6 cm. longe,
oblongo-lineares. Spice 7-10 mm. longs, ovoidem. Utriculi
(rostro incluso) 3-32 mm. longi, ovales, trigoni, multinervati,
pilosi, rostrum eum 4 parte utriculi vix equilongum.
Luzon; Albany, Cuming n. 1408. Luzon Central; Loher
nn. 704, 712.
29. CAREX Fitictna, Nees! in Wight, Contrib. (1834) p. 123;
Boott, Carex, iii. (1862) p. 105 (varr. a, y), tt. 311, 312; Franch.
in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) pp. 254, 260; Hook.
J. in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, v. pp. 102, 110.
C. cruciata, Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. p. 355 partim.
Java; Horsfield n. 29; Gedeh, Usteri n. 214.
Luzon Central; Loher n. 707 B.
Distrib. India. China. A common species.
30. Carex continua, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.
vi. (1894) p. 717.
C. Bruceana, Boott! MS. partim.
Luzon Central; Loher nn. 707, 708, 709, 710.
Distrib. Yunnan, Sikkim. Nepaul.
12 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON
91. CAREX sPATIOSA, Boott! Carex, i. (1858) p. 86; ii. (1860)
p- 246; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 349.
Cochin- China ; Gaudichaud.
Var. B. bogorensis ; utriculis ovoideis; rostro cum 4-3 parte
utrieuli &quilongo, scabro.
C. indica, Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. p. 350, non Linn.
Xerotes latifolia, Hasskarl, MS.
Java; fide Miquel. (I have seen the example ** Hort. Bogor.”
of S. Kurz.)
32. CAREX NEO-GUINENSIS, sp. nova; paniculis partialibus in
spicas compositas rigidas, oblongas congestis; utriculis (rostro
incluso) 3 mm. longis, quam ei C. Lindleyane gracilioribus ;
ceteroquin fere ut C. Lindleyana, Nees. Culmi 5-8 dm. longi.
Folia 5 mm. lata. Panicule partiales e. 5, 3 cm. longe, 8 mm.
late, rubre. Utriculi oblongo-ellipsoidei, glabri, rubentes ;
rostrum cum 3-7 parte utrieuli equilongum, in marginibus
hispidum, dentibus 2 longis lineari-lanccolatis.
Neo-Guinea ; Guilianetti et English.
33. CAREX SATURATA, sp. nova; paniculis partialibus 3-4,
late oblongis, 6 cm. longis, 24 mm. latis, perdensis, saturate
sanguineo-purpureis ; spicis 10-14 mm. longis, basi fremineis;
utriculis (rostro incluso) 3-32 mm. longis, ellipsoideis, glabris ;
rostro eum utrieulo fere equilongo, lineari, glabro.
C. filicina, O. Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. (1893) p. 246.
Folia 1 cm. lata. Glume fomines saturate rubro-purpuree.
Utriculi purpureo-maculati.
Borneo; Kinabalu, alt. 3000 metr., Haviland n. 1402.
34. CAREX RHIZOMATOSA, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip.
Heft 2 (1854) p. 60, Cyp. p. 206 ; Mig. Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. p. 348;
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, viii. (1896) p. 256.
C. Cumingiana, Steud. Cyp. p. 206; Boott, Carex, iii. (1862) p. 107, tt. 324,
325; Boeck, in Linnea, xl. (1876) p. 367 ; Vidal, Pl. Vase. Filip. p. 286.
C. capitulata, Boott! MS.
Tonkin; Balansa n. 3824. Sumbawa; Zollinger n. 3447 fide
Steudel.
Ins. Philippine; Negros Ins., Cuming n. 1795.
Distrib. Assam. Burma.
THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 13
35. CAREX ARRIDENS, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. (1894)
p. 726.
Larut-Perak ; alt. 900 metr., Kunstler (hb. King n. 2801).
Distrib. Pegu.
36. CAREX HYPSOPHILA, Mig.! Fl. Nederl. Ind. iii. (1859)
p. 394.
C. tartarea, Ridley, in Journ. Bot. xxiii. (London, 1885) pp. 3
* C. decore affinis nisi eadem," Boott, MS. in Miquelii typo.
Pedunculi ex unica bracteá sspe plures, Folia breviuscula,
6 mm. lata.
Sumatra; alt. 2750 metr., Forbes n. 9444. Java; hb. Miquel;
Gedeh, Usteri n. 101 ; Buitenzorg, Usteri n. 102.
, 5.
97. Carex HaAVILANDI, sp. nova; foliis elongatis, 5 mm. latis ;
inflorescentia 18-stachyá, pedunculis 3-4-nim fasciculatis ; spicis
3-32 cm. longis, linearibus, castaneo-rubris, pluribus basi foemi-
neis apice masculis; utriculis (rostro incluso) 4 mm. longis,
gracile lanceolatis, fere glabris; rostro cum i parte utriculi
:quilongo, recto conico-lineari.
C. hypsophila, O. Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. (1893)
p. 246.
Borneo; Kinabalu, alt. 3250 metr., Haviland n. 1403.
38. CAREX TURRITA, sp. nova; inflorescentia 5 dm. longá, 40-
stachyà; pedunculo imo (interdum geminato) usque ad 14 em.
exserto, gracili, apice 3-5 spieas approximatas gerente; spicis
5-7 em. longis, linearibus, pluribus basi feemineis apice masculis,
bruneis, nutantibus ; utriculis (rostro incluso) 5 mm. longis,
ellipsoideo-lanceolatis, glabris ; rostro quam utriculus vix breviore,
conico-lineari, scabro.
Ins. Philippine; Benguet, Loher n. 700.
39. CAREX SUMATRENSIS, sp. nova; planta 7 dm. alta, 25-
stachya; folis 5 mm. latis; pedunculis inferioribus exsertis,
interdum fasciculatis ; spicis 5 cm. longis, linearibus, pluribus
basi foemineis apice masculis; utriculis rostro incluso 5 mm.
longis, anguste ellipsoideis, glabris; rostro cum utrieulo æqui-
longo, conico-lineari, scabro.
Spice in apice pedunculi plures approximate, Utriculi basi
attenuati, conspicue stipitati.
Sumatra; Mons Dempo, alt. 2570 metr., Forbes n. 2388.
14 MR. C. B. CLARKE ON
40. CAREX BAcOANS, Nees! in Wight, Contrib. (1884) p. 122;
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. viii. (1896) p. 251; Hook. f.
Bot. Mag. t. 7288, in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon, v. pp. 102, 107.
Sumatra; Beccari n.21. Java; Horsfield, Goering. Cochin-
china; Gaudiehaud. Tonkin; Balansa n. 2813.
Luzon ; Loher nn. 706, 1948.
Distrib. North India. Formosa.
Var. B. siccifructus, C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, -
vi. p. 723.
Java; alt. 2000-2500 metr., Koorders.
Distrib. Khasia.
41. CAREX CURVIROSTRIS, Kunze, Suppl. Schkuhr (1840-50)
p. 79, t. 20.
C, recurvirostris, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. Heft 2, p. 60; Cyp.
p. 207.
Java; Zollinger.
42, CAREX TONKINENSIS, Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par.
sér. 3, viii. (1896) p. 251.
Tonkin; Mons Bavi, 900 metr. alt., Balansa n. 2814.
43. CAREX COMPOSITA, Boott, Carex 1. (1858), p. 3, t. 8.
Java; Buitenzorg, Usteri n. 100.
Distrib. Assam.
44. CAREX BORNEENSIS, sp. nova; culmo 4 dm. longo, 6-stachyo ;
spicis 2 em. longis, lineari-lanceolatis, apice masculis basi remote
5-6-utriculigeris, utriculis (rostro incluso) 6 mm. longis, lineari-
lanceolatis, glabris; rostro eum 3 parte utriculi squilongo,
lineari, apice inflato scarioso in altero latere fisso.
C. fusiformis, O. Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Dot. iv. (1894)
p. 246.
Folia 5 mm. lata. Spies virides ; pars mascula ferruginea.
Borneo; Kinabalu, alt. 3500 metr., Haviland n. 1404.
45. CAREX SPECIOSA, Kunth, Enum. Pl. ii. (1837) p. 504.
C. peduncularis, Wall. MS., List n. 3391.
C. grammocarpa, Sprengel MS. fide Miquel.
Borneo; Banjarmassing, Motley n. 1222.
Distrib. From South Madras to Nepaul and Assam, frequent.
46. Carex LoHERI, sp. nova; culmis 1-3 dm. longis, per-
tenuibus, 3-l-stachyis ; spicis 7-12 mm, longis, ellipsoideis,
THE CARICES OF MALAYA. 15
apice masculis, basi paucinucigeris; utriculis ellipsoideis, tri-
quetris, undique pilosulis, basi stipitatis, apice in r. ..um
longiusculum oblongum attenuatis.
Folia 4 mm. lata, in facie inferiore glandulosa. Spice virides;
apex masculus viridis. Glume fæmineæ utrieulis breviores,
ims autem apice elongate interdum bracteiformes. Utriculi
5-6 mm. longi.
Ins. Philippine ; Benguet, Loher nn. 701, 702, 703; Luzon
Central, Morong n. 708 bis.
47. CAREX MADOERENSIS, sp. nova; eulmis 20-25 cm. longis,
3-7-stachyis; spicis omnibus sessilibus, 8-10 mm. longis, apice
masculis basi paucinucigeris; utriculis ovalibus, apice angus-
tatis, undique densius pilosis; rostro cum 3 parte utriculi
sequilongo.
Folia 5-6 mm. lata. Utriculi 4 mm. longi, fusce virides, basi
obpyramidales. Rostri brevis dentes 2 lineari-lanceolati.
Java; ins. Madoera, Zollinger n. 1778 (in herb. Wien).
48. CAREX LONGIBRACTEATA, Steud. in Zoil. Verz. Ind. Archip.
Heft 2 (1854) p. 60, Cyp. p. 205; Mig. Wl. Nederl. Ind. iii. p. 348,
non Boeck.
Java; Mt. Waliran, alt. 10,000 feet, Zollinger n. 524 Z.
I have seen no specimen.
Subgenus VI. PROPRIE.
49. CAREX OLIVACEA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1846)
p. 286; Carex, p. 56, t. 149.
C. confertiflora, Boott, in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. vi. (1859) p. 418,
Carex, p. 184; Franch, in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, x. (1898) pp. 75, 98.
Java; Preanger, alt. 1250 metr., Forbes n. 1091.
Distrib. North-east India. Japan.
50. CAREX JackrANA, Boott, in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1846)
p. 260, Carex, p. 9, t. 25; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par.
sér. 3, x. (1898) pp. 43, 96.
C. oxyphylla, Franch.! in Nouv. Arch, Mus. Par. sér. 3, x. (1898)
pp. 57, 97.
C. instabilis, Boot? MS.
Java; Horsfield.
Distrib. Khasia, Yunnan.—Also a var. (B. minor) in Ceylon
and the Nilgiri Hills.
16 MR. C. CLARKE ON THE CARICES OF MALAYA.
51. CAREX rvMIDA, Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 66, t. 181.
C. baviensis, Franch.! in Now. Arch, Mus. Par. sér. 3, x. (1898)
pp. 77, 98.
Tonkin ; Mt. Bavi, Balansa n. 2825.
Distrib. Sikkim. Khasia. Yunnan.
59. Carex PSEUDOCYPERUS, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 987, ed. 2,
p. 1387 ; Boott, Carex, p. 140, tt. 451, 452 ; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii.
pp. 437, 448 ; Kuek. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. xxvii. (1899) pp. 549,
563; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, x. (1898) p. 59.
C. fascicularis, Boott! Carex, i, (1858) p. 53, pro magna parte i. e.
t. 139 et t. 140 fig. sinistr.; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. p. 101.
Java; Horsfield (a Boott “ C. fascicularis" inscripta).
Distrib. Palearctica (vulgaris) Nearctica. India, Japan
(rarior) Australia. Neo-Zeeland (frequens), Mexico.— Var. f.
comosa is common in North America; varr. y. platygluma et
ò. Haenkeana are common in South America.
53. CAREX BREVICULMIS, R. Brown, Prodr. (1810) p. 242;
Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 3, ix. (1897) p. 192, x.
(1898) p. 95.
C. Royleana, Nees! in Wight, Contrib. p. 127 ; Boott, Carex, i. (1858)
p. 6, t. 19.
C. leucochlora, Bunge! in Mém. Sav. Etrang. St. Pétersb. ii. (1835) p. 142.
C. Langsdorfii, Boott! in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. (1847) p. 144.
C. puberula, Boott! in Perry, Exped. ii. (1857) p. 324.
C. discoidea, Boott! in Mem. Amer. Acad. vi. (1859) p. 419.
Neo-Guinea ; Mt. Seratchley, alt. 3750 metr., MacGregor.
Distrib. Ussuri. Japan. India. China. Australia. New
Zealand.
54. Carex WALLICHIANA, Nees, in Wight, Contrib. (1834)
p. 129; Boott, Carex, i. (1858) p. 16, t. 18; Franch, in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Par. sér. 8, x. (1898) pp. 87, 99; Prescott MS. in
Wall. List, n. 3380 (nomen).
C. hirta, Boiss, Fl. Orient, v. p. 491; Boeck.! in Journ, Linn, Soc.,
Bot. xviii. (1881) p. 105, non Lenn.
Tonkin.
Distrib. Cabul. North India. Yunnan.
[I have seen this plant in a Tonkin collection, but there is no
further information in my note. |
ON SOME BICARPELLARY BEANS, 17
Some Bicarpellary Beans,
By Eric Drank, D.Se., F. L.S.
[Read 21st January, 1904.]
Dvnrwa the autumn of 1903 an interesting series of fruits of
the French Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Savi, was obtained from
a garden on the clay of the Middle Coal-measures of North
Derbyshire. These beans were bicarpellary in nature, but the
degree of development attained by the second carpel varied
considerably. In the simplest case (fig. 1) it was present merely
Fig. 1.
A
È
i
A
as a small pod on the posterior aspect of the normal carpel, and
adhered to the latter in its lower portion in such a way that a
bilocular ovary was formed. The posterior carpel was without
seeds.
In other cases (figs. 2 & 3) the posterior carpel was more
extensively developed, and the basal fusion with its anterior
fellow resulted, not, as in the last case, in a bilocular ovary, but
in a unilocular one. Distally the two carpels were free from
one another. -
In the bean shown in fig. 4 the same sort of structure
was attained, but the posterior carpel was as large as the
anterior one and bore one or more well-formed seeds. The
distal extremities of the carpels were free and divaricated widely,
recalling somewhat the kind of ovary met with in the Saxifrages.
A particularly striking fruit was that shown in fig. 5. Here
the midrib of the posterior carpel was normally developed in the
distal region, but more proximally it was greatly reduced, and
passed gradually towards one of the lateral sutures of the fruit.
LINN. JOURN.—- BOTANY, VOL. XXXVIT. C
18 DR. ERIC DRABBLE ON
In some cases the midrib became extinct before reaching the
lateral suture; in others it fused with the marginal vein of
the upper carpel. At the same time the distal quadrangular
seetion of the fruit gave way proximally to a triangular form.
Fig. 2.
In these specimens the fusion of the two carpels was nearly
complete, only the distal extremities being free.
Finally, a single specimen (fig. 6) was met with exhibiting the
triangular cross-section throughout. That we are not here
dealing with a tricarpellary fruit, as might at first sight be
SOME BICARPELLARY BEANS. 19
supposed, is shown not only by the mode of development
indicated in the last case, but also by the arrangement of the
veins, as figured in fig. 5. Anomalous though it may seem, it
is diffieult to eseape the conviction that we are confronted with
a fruit composed of a carpel and a half.
The first notice discovered of bicarpellary fruits of Phaseolus
was that by Moquin-Tandon (1) in 1841, mention being made
of the occurrence of two or even three carpels.
In 1844, Kirschleger (2) described a form much like that shown
in fig. 4, ascribing it to * Phaseolus vulgaris digynus”; Wydler (4),
Fig. 5.
e 5. n
— | — D
n DL——
i \ a a b
ce ) VW
Vc
Fig. 6.
a
1
\
i _
Cj *
[L]
[]
L]
e
1860, and Sehlotthauber (8) described double-fruited beans;
while Du Hamel (5), in his * Physiologie des Arbres,’ very roughly
figures a case similar to that in fig.4. Schlechtendal (6) describes
a case with two carpels fused below and free above, and only
one-seeded.
Dr. Maxwell Masters (7) in his ‘Teratology’ gives a list of
leguminous plants in which two or more carpels have been found.
This list includes representatives of the Mimosoides, the Cesal-
pinioidez, and the Papilionoidez.
Fermond (9) described a form which would appear to closely
c2
s-
20 DR. ERIC DRABBLE ON
resemble fig. 6. He says: “Enfin il arrive frequemment que
les 2 cótés d'un carpelle (celui qui eroit proportionnellement
moins que l'autre) sont considérablement écartés à ce point que
bientót ils se trouvent sur un méme plan forment avec les
2 cótés de l'autre carpelle un fruit à 3 angles, et à une seule
loge." .... “ Dans ce cas, les trophospermes sont placés aux
2 angles contigue aux 2 faces du carpelle qui se sont placés dans
un méme plan; le 3* angle ne porte point de placenta.” He
also mentions a triearpellary condition with a triloeular ovary
and axile placentation.
Penzig (11), 1890, and Taubert (12), 1892, refer to bicarpel-
lary fruits of Phaseolus.
An important point was raised by Moquin-Tandon. He says:
“Quand ces fruits ont acquis une certaine grosseur, et qu’
autour d’eux il ne reste plus de traces des parties florales il
devient alors presque impossible de reconnaitre s'ils ont été
produits par deux ou plusieurs fleurs et par symétrisation.”
In the beans figured and described above, there can be no
doubt that they arose from a single flower, as the calyx was, in
most cases, still present and comprised the usual 5 sepals.
In the same way, so far as the calyx is concerned, no indication
of any doubling of the flower was apparent.
With reference to the possible meaning of the facts recorded
above, but little ean be said. "There is not much doubt that the
Leguminose are derived from a polycarpellary stock, and in
some degree at least the bicarpellary nature may be regarded as
a reversion to an ancestral state. This, however, cannot be said
for the synearpous nature of the ovary. In view of the fact
that all the normally polycarpellary members of the order
(Prosopis sp., Hausemannia sp., and others) and most recorded
cases of anomalously polycarpellary forms, exclusive of Phaseolus,
are apocarpous, it is at least open to question whether we have in
the forms above described a truly primitive condition. If so,
then the series read from 4, through 3, 2, 1, and culminating
in the ordinary bean-fruit, may possibly represent the manner
of reduetion to the present monocarpellary condition. The form
shown in fig. 5 would in this ease be quite anomalous, as indeed it
. would appear to be under any conditions.
Although in our present state of knowledge no special
importance ean be attached to the soil upon which the plants
were cultivated, it seemed advisable to place it upon record in
SOME BICARPELLARY BEANS. 21
the hope that at some future time a coordination of soil and
special development may become possible, and it may be sug-
gested that it would in all cases be wise to indicate not only the
place but also the geological formation and nature of the soil
upon which any teratological specimens may occur.
References.
(1) Moquis-TawpoN, C. H. B. A. Élém. Térat. Vég. p. 277
(1841).
(2) Krrscuiecer, F. Flora, xxvii. 1844, p. 130.
(3) Gopron, D. A. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, vol. xvi.
p. 35.
(4) Wynter, H. Flora, xliii. 1860, p. 20.
(5) Du Hamer pu MowckaAv, H. L. Physiol. des Arbres,
pl. 13. figs. 318, 319.
(6) ScunkcuTENDAL, D. F. L. vos. Botanische Zeitung, xiii.
1855, p. 823.
(7) Masters, M. T. Teratology, 1879, p. 264.
(8) SCHLOTTHAUBER, A. F. Bonplandia, viii. 1860, p. 45.
(9) Fermonp, V. Essai de Phytomorphie, Paris, vol. i. 1884,
p. 168.
(10) Auxqvuisr, S. Bot. Centralb. xxix. 1887, p. 93.
(11) Penzte, O. Pflanzenteratologie, Bd. i. p. 402 (1890).
(12) Tausert, P. Leguminoss in Engler & Prantl, * Die natür-
lichen Pflanzentamilien,’ iii. 3, pp. 94-96 (1891).
22 SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF
On the Species of Zmpatiens in the Wallichign Herbarium of the
Linnean Society. By Sir J. D. Hooker, G.C.S.I., F.R.S.,
F.L.S.
[ Read 2nd June, 1904.]
Tur species of Impatiens in the Wallichian Herbarium, con-
sisting almost exclusively of those collected by Wallich or his
employés in Nepal and Silhet, together with those of the
missionaries in Malabar, made during the latter half of the
18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, represent nearly all
that was known of the Indian Balsams at the date of the
distribution of that Herbarium. They amount to 48 ticketed
species (Nos. 4729-4775 & 7274, 7275), of which 18 are from
Malabar, as many from Nepal, 10 from Silhet, 6 from Burma
(including Rangoon and Tavoy), and 2 from Sirmore. Though
comparatively few in number, for the genus is now known to
contain upwards of 200 British Indian species, they foreshadow
the remarkable fact of a segregation of these in the several
phytogeographical regions of India in which they occur *, which
has no parallel in any other large genus of plants known to me.
* Of the 200 British Indian species (many of them as yet unpublished)
there are, in the Kew Herbarium, approximately 23 from the Himalaya west
of Nepal, 63 from the Eastern Himalaya (inclusive of the Valley of Katmandu
in Central Nepal), 52 from Burma (inclusive of Assam and Silhet), 58 from
Malabar, and 21 from Ceylon. Of the 23 West Himalayan species only 11 have
been found in the Eastern Himalaya, of which 8 alone enter Sikkim. In other
terms, of nearly 80 Himalayan species only about one-tenth are known to be com-
mon to both sections of the range, a proportion which will be greatly reduced
when the unexplored ranges East of Sikkim are botanized. Of the 52 Burman
species only 10 have been found in the Eastern Himalaya. The 7 Malayan
Peninsular species are absent elsewhere in India. Of the 53 Malabar species
only J. Balsamina, L., oppositifolia, L., and chinensis, L., are found elsewhere
in British India; only 8 of the 58 inhabit Ceylon.
This segregation of species extends in a marked degree to that of the two
great divisions of the genus, namely those species with capsules turgid in the
middle, and those with capsules linear or clavate. Every Malabar and Ceylon
species belongs to the first of these divisions; every Western Himalayan
(except I. Balsamina) to the second. Of the Eastern Himalayan the great
majority belong to the second ; of the Burman the great majority belong to
the first, as do all the Malay Peninsular. I have little doubt that when the
Himalayan ranges Hast of Sikkim and the mountain regions of Burma
come to be explored botanically, the number of British Indian species will
approach 300.
IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM. 23
Thus, of all the species contained in the Walliehian Herbarium,
only one, J. Balsamina, L., is common to the five of the regions
indicated in the note on the preceding page, namely, Eastern
Himalayan, Western Himalayan, Burmese, Malabarian, Ceylonese
and Malayan Peninsular. Of the 18 Malabarian 3 only were
found in other regions: namely, J. Balsamina, L., in four others ;
I. chinensis, L., in two; and J. oppositifolia, L., in one, Burma.
Of the 18 Nepal species, two alone were colleeted in the
adjoining region to the westward. Of the 10 Silhet species,
two alone are Malabarian.
The consultation of the Wallichian collection of Balsams
presents great difficulties which it is the object of this com-
munication to alleviate. In many cases two or more species are
fastened down under one number and name; and in not a few
cases one species occurs under several numbers. This is partly
due to the great difficulty in distinguishing badly preserved
mounted specimens of a puzzling genus without moistening and
removing flowers of the most delicate consistency and making
a microscopical examination of their organs; but a far more
serious source of confusion is one the origin of which can only
be conjectured: namely, that a part of the collection which,
after being sorted for mounting (by Bentham, who appears
to have ticketed the species), and transferred to the Society’s
custody, had either fallen from the hands of a custodian
or been swept off a table, and the scattered specimens and
tickets had been dealt with in a haphazard way by an ignorant
mounter *. It seems to me impossible otherwise to explain the
occurrence upon one sheet, under one number (4730), of four
species so totally dissimilar in habit, foliage, inflorescence, and
flowers as J. racemosa, DC., I. bicornuta, Wall, I. tingens,
Edgew., and I. odorata, D. Don; or of such three under
No. 4729 as I. bicornuta, Wall., T. bicolor, Royle, and J. sulcata,
Wall.; or the mounting side by side under No. 4770 excellent
individuals of J. leptoceras, Wall., and J. Balsamina, L., which
have no resemblance. l
Further sources of difficulty are the misplacement of MSS.
tickets, other than the lithographed numbered ones, that are
attached by pins to the sheets of the species to which they
belonged or were supposed to belong, the minuteness of the
* There is no other instance known to me in the Walliehian Herbarium of
a similar confusion of specimens and tickets.
24. SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF
flower of some species, and the absence of fruit of others.
Taking all sources of difficulty into aecount, the following
summary of their effects is, T hope, approximately correct :—
Cases of two or more species occurring under one number:
5 species in 1 case; 4 species in 1 case; 3 species in
2 cases ; 2 species in 10 cases.
Cases of single species occurring under two or more numbers :
1 species under 7 numbers; 2 under 3 numbers; 10 under
2 numbers.
ENUMERATION OF SPECIES, WITH OBSERVATIONS,
No. 4729. “ IMPATIENS LONGICORNU, Wall. Napalia 1821.”
One sheet with three species.
On the right T. bicornuta, Wall. See also 4730, 4765.
On the left T. bicolor, Royle * (I. umbrosa, Edgew.).
In the middle 7. sulcata, Wall. (I. gigantea, Hdgew.). See
also 4761.
No. 4730. “ IuPATIENS racemosa, DC. Napalia 1821." "Three
sheets with five species.
Sheet 1. On the left I. tingens, Edgew. t On the right
I. bicornuta, Wall. See also 4729, 4765.
Sheet 2. On the upper right hand Z. bicornuta, Wall. On
the left 7. racemosa, DC.
On the lower right hand J. racemosa, DC. On the lower
left I. odorata, D. Don.
Sheet 3. * No. 4730 B. Sillet, W. G.” T. Balsamina, L.,
with double flowers. See also 4731, 4770.
No. 4731. *IwPaArrENS BarsAMINA, Linn. H.R.C." With
double flowers. See also 4730 B, 4770.
* The name J. bicolor, Royle, placed in the ‘Flora of British India as
a synonym under Z. umbrosa, Edgew., must I think be retained, though the
description and plate in the ‘ Botany of the Himalaya’ do not suffice to
distinguish it from several others. It is the commonest species in the Western
Himalaya.
T This being the dominant specimen of those ticketed Z. racemosa, DC., by
Wallich, I took it for that plant and reduced Z. tingens to a synonym in the
‘Flora of British India. From information kindly supplied by M. Casimir
de Candolle, I find that I erred in doing so.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
. 4741. “ Impatiens INCONSPICUA, Benth. Hb. Heyne.’
IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM. 25
4732. “IMpaTIENS COCOINEA, Sims.” = I. Balsamina, L.—
Both A. and B are of var. rosea, Hook. f., = I. rosea, Lindl.
See also 4730 B, 4731, 4733, 4734, 4735, 4770.
A. " Napalia" with MS. ticket “Impatiens glandulifera, W all.,
an I. Balsamina, L., spontanea? Thaukote, Aug. 1821.”
B. *Sirmore, G. Govan, M.D."
4733. “Impatiens CORNUTA, Linn." = I. Balsamina, L.
See above.
A. “I. cornuta, Herb. Wight.”
B. “I. cornuta, Heyne.”
C. * I. Tiramira et I. Lacca, H. Ham. Nathpur.”
D. * Ripa Irawaddi, 1826."
4734. “ IMP. LONGIFOLIA, Benth. Hb. Wight.” = I. Balsa-
mina, L. See above.
4735. * IMP. ARCUATA, Benth. Imp. sinensis, Hb. Madr.
Mysore.” = I. Balsamina, L., var.
4736. “ IMP. scaBRIUSCULA, H. Heyne. Two species.
Upper right and left and lower right hand specimens,
J. scabriuscula, with MS. ticket “ Impatiens ramosa,
23rd Sept. [18]16," and in another hand * scabriuscula.”
Lower left hand, I. pendula, H. Heyne. See also 4744.
4737. “Imp. LATIFOLIA, Linn.” One sheet with two
species.
A. “Imp. latifolia, Hb. Madr. e Travancore.”
B. “Imp. latifolia, Hb. Wight.” = I. lucida, H. Heyne.
See also 4738.
. 4738. “Imp. tucipa, Hb. Heyne?” With MS. ticket
‘‘ Impatiens lucida, Courtallum, ab amicissimo Heyne."
See also 4737.
. 4739. “ IMPATIENS LESCHENAULTII, De Cand. Hb. Wight.”
Two species.
A. I. Leschenaultii, DC.
B. Nilghiry dom. Noton, with MS. ticket ‘ Impatiens,
Noton. Neilghery, a small branch." = J. latifolia, L.
See 4737.
. 4740. “Impatiens HISPIDULA, Benth. Napalia 1821." =
I. puberula, DC. See also 4767.
' Bee
also 4743.
. 4742. “ IMPATIENS MULTIFLORA, Benth. Pundua Mont.
De Silva." = I. tripetala, Roxb. See also 4752.
26 SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF
No. 4743. “ Impatiens MYSORENSIS, Koth.” Four species.
A. “I. oppositifolia, Hb. Madr.” The upper specimen,
on the left, with MS. ticket “I. oppositifolia, e Kut-
talam, ab amicissimo Mitchell,” is true I. oppositifolia,
Wall., with a scrap of T. Kleinii. See also 4746.
B. “I. oppositifolia, Hb. Wight, etiam I. rosmarinifolia
Dec. e Courtall.” The three specimens on the right of
the sheet, with the MS. ticket ** Balsamina Rosmarini-
folia, DC., Courtallum, 2 Feb. 1827, in moist places
amongst long grasses," = I. inconspicua, Benth.
C. “Impatiens mysurensis, Hb. Wight,” consists of frag-
ments in the lower left hand corner of the sheet to which
a MS. ticket applies (though attached to a specimen of
I. oppositifolia), bearing the inscription in Rottler’s
handwriting: ‘Impatiens Maysorensis, nob. Pedunc.
l-foris, axillarib. solitariis binisq. Fol. altern. ovato-
lanceolat. serratis." This is the true Z. mysorensis, Rottl.
No. 4744. * IMPATIENS PENDULA, Hb. Heyne," with MS. ticket
of Heyne. “Impatiens pendula. Pedune. uniflor. axill.
s. lateral. post anthesin reflexis. Fol. altern. ad basin
attenuat. margine mucronatis. 22d Sept. (18]16." See
also 4736.
No. 4745. “ IMPATIENS PUSILLA, Hb. Heyn." = I. inconspicua,
Benth. See also 4741 & 4743.
No. 4746. * IMPATIENS TENELLA, Herb. Heyn." Two species ;
two upper specimens and right hand lower with MS,
ticket of Heyne. “ Impatiens sp. longiflora. Pedune.
solitar. axill. longissim. Folia opp. oblonga, serraturis
cuspidat. 22d Sept. [18]16."
B. “Impatiens fasciculata? Hb. Madr. Travancore.”
Lower left hand specimen = J. Kleinii, Wight & Arn.
See also 4743.
No. 4747. “I. RUFESCENS, Benth. Herb. Wight.” = I. tomen-
tosa, Heyne, non Wall. Cat.
No. 4748. I. HETEROPHYLLA, Wall. Two sheets, two species.
A. “Sillet, DeSilva & H. D." — 7. chinensis, L. See also 4749.
B. * Taong Dong, 1826." Upper right and left hand speci-
mens to which the MS. ticket '* Balsamina amena,
Wall.," belongs.
The three other specimens— Z. diversifolia, Herb. Heyne.
See 4749.
IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM. 27
No. 4749. Impatiens DIVERSIFOLIA, Hb. Heyne. Two sheets,
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
two species.
B. “Impatiens malabarica, Hb. Madr.” with one specimen
(the middle lower) of J. chinensis, L., and MS. tickets
“ Impatiens fasciculata prox. Cuttalam, Sept. 1814,” and
“ Impatiens sp. malabarica, mihi. Caul. debilis basi
“repens. Fol. opposita cordato-lanceolata acuta serrata
"serraturis mucronatis inferiore glauca. Pedune. uni-
“floris aggregatis nectariis florum parum longioribus.
“ Quilon, Oct. 1814.” The mihi I suppose to be Klein.
C. “ Herb. Wight."
. 4750. *IwPaTIENS RETICULATA, Wall. Rangoon 1826."
= I. oppositifolia, L. See also 4743, 4751.
4751. * IMPATIENS TOMENTOSA, Herb. Heyne," = I. oppositi-
Jolia, L. See above. This is an obvious misplacement
ofa ticket. The plant, of which there are two specimens
ou the sheet, is perfectly glabrous in all its parts. Two
MS. tiekets are attached to the sheet, one inscribed
“Impatiens tomentosa capsulis totis tomentosis"; the
other “Impatiens fasciculata, aurant. ad pedem mont
Bauvaputa."
4752. IMpATIENS TRIPETALA, Roxb. Three sheets.
A. *Sillet" F. D. A B. “I. ternifolia, H. Ham., with
Hamilton’s ticket “ Gualpara, 8th May, 1808."
C. * H. B.C.”
4753. IMPATIENS LVIGATA, Wall. Sillet, F. D. Two sheets.
B. “ H. B. C. e Sillet.”
4754. “Impatiens ACUMINATA, Benth.” Sillet, H. B.
4755. “Impatiens NATANS, Willd. Hb. Wight." = Hydro-
cera triflora, W. & A. See also 4756.
4756. “Impartens TRIFLORA, Willd.” Three sheets. = Hy-
drocera triflora, W. & A., 4755.
A. “I. triflora, Hb. Madr.” B. Sillet, De Silva. C. Ripa
Attran, 1827.
. 4757. “ IMPATIENS UMBELLATA, H. Heyn.,” with MS. ticket
“ Impatiens formosissima, 1st Aug. [18]18."
4758. * IMPATIENS SCAPIFLORA, Herb. Heyne."
B. “ Impatiens cordifolia, Hb. Madras,” with MS. ticket
* Impatiens sp. n. cordifolia, mihi. Pedunculis multiflor.
e Kuttalam apportat. ab. amiciss. D. Mitchil.”
28
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
. 4763. “Impariens RADICANS, Benth. Sillet, F. D.
SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF
. 4759. ** IMPATIENS GRANDIS, H. Heyne."
B. Impatiens grandiflora, Herb. Madr., with MS. ticket
“ In montosis prope Cuttalain, Sept. 1818."
4760. “ I. BRACcTEATA, Coleb. Mont Silhet, F. D. & H. B.,”
with MS. name 7. trichocephala, Wall.
. 4760 in pencil; error for 4766 g.v.
No.
4761. “Impatiens Jurpra, H. Ham. e Morung.” Two
sheets.
B. Sillet, F. D.
. 4762. * Iur. FRUTICOSA, Lesch. Nilghery, Leschenault de
Latour."
" Two
sheets. Two species.
B? * Mt. Sillet, F. D. & W. Q.” = trilobata, Coleb.
. 4764. “IMPATIENS SULCATA, Wall.” Two sheets. Two
species. Specimens very bad and identification doubtful.
A. Napalia 1821. Right hand specimen J. Royleana, Walp. ;
left hand Z. sulcata, Wall. See also 4729.
B. *Sirmore, Dr. Govan.” Upper specimen Z. Roylei,
Walp. ; two specimens J. sulcata, Wall. ? See also 4729.
4705. * IMPATIENS BrconNUTA, Wall. Napalia 1821." Two
sheets. See also 4729, 4730.
. 4766. “Imr. instants, DC. Napaulia 1821," on blank
sheet. See 4760 in pencil.
4767. “Impar. DISCOLOR, De Cand. Napaulia 1821.” Three
sheets. Three species.
Sheet 1. T. discolor, DC., four specimens. J. Wallichit,
Hook. f., two specimens.
Sheet 2. T. discolor, DC., one specimen. J. Wallichii,
Hook. f., two specimens.
Sheet 3. 7. puberula, DC., with MS. name Z. mollis, Wall.
See also 4740.
4768. “Impat. vugrICIFOLIA, Wall. Gossain Than."
4769. * IuPaT. scABRIDA, DC." Two sheets.
A. Napaulia 1821, with two MS. tickets ** Impatiens punc-
tata, Wall.” and “I. calycina, Wall., both inscribed
* Chandagiri, Aug. 1821.”
B. * Sirmore, Dr. Govan.”
4770. *IwPATIENS LEPTOCERAS, DeC. Napaulia 1821."
Three sheets. Two species.
Sheet 1. J. leptoceras, DC.
IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM. 29
Sheet 2. Right hand specimen T. leptoceras, DC.; left
hand J. Balsamina, L.
Sheet 3. I. Balsamina, L.
No. 4771. “ IMP. SERRATA, Benth. Napalia 1821.”
No. 4772. “Imp. CIRCÆOIDES, Wall.” Two species.
A. Rangoon 1826.
B. Prome 1826.
There are four specimens of two species on the sheet; the two
upper with a simple stem, marked a in pencil, no doubt belong
to an adjoining MS. ticket inscribed “I. simplex, Wall., Prome,
Nov. 1826." The two lower are of a very different and much
branched species, in an undeterminable condition, with a ticket
inscribed * I. ciresoides, Wall., Legi ad fossas coet. prope
Rangoon, Aug. 1826”; it has no resemblance to a Circea.
From the above, it would appear that the A of the lithographed
ticket is the Prome plaut, and B, the Rangoon, an unnamed one.
There are specimens of the Prome plant in the Herb. Kew from
Moulmain.
No. 4773. “Imp. TAVOYANA, Benth. Tavoy, W. Gomez.”
No. 7274. * IuPATIENS RACEMULOSA, Wall. Silhet, Gomez."
No. 7275. “Impatrens PORRECTA, Wall. Silhet, Gomez."
An additional Nepal species of Impatiens collected by Wallich
in 1821 was found by me when examining some bundles of
specimens which remained in the rooms of the Linnean Society
after the completion of the great distribution in 1831? It isan
undescribed species, for which I propose the name of I. preter-
missa*. In the same bundle I found a form of T. bicolor, Royle
(I. umbrosa, Edgew.), or of an undescribed species, with the MS.
* [ praetermissa; herbacea, ramulis foliisque iminaturis puberulis, foliis
1-14 poll. longis alternis ovatis ovato-lanceolatisve acuminatis serratis basi
rotundatis v. in petiolum brevem angustatis, glandulis stipularibus pulvinatis,
peduneulis axillaribus gracilibus folis multo brevioribus fureatis 2-floris
pubescentibus, basi et ad furcam ebracteatis, pedicellis pedunculo longioribus
medio bracteatis, bracteis lanceolatis, floribus mediocribus, sepalis 2 amplis
oblique oblatis membranaceis aristatis, vexillo erecto orbiculari costa medio
dorso longe cornuta, alarum lobo basali antice rotundato basi cuneato, lobo
distali paulo longiore anguste dolabriformi, labio eum caleare incluso 1-1} poll.
longo late infundibulari in ealear gracile attenuato, capsula pollicaris linearis
acuminata, seminibus subglobosis ,'; poll. diam. subrugulosis.
Belongs to a section of the genus with Z. scabrida, DC., and others,
ineluding the European and North American ones, in which the ebracteate
peduncle is forked and the bracts usually placed on the pedicels above their
middle, not at their base.
30 SIR J. D. HOOKER ON THE SPECIES OF
ticket of “ I. longicornu, Wall., no. 4729," which differs from the
ordinary form of 7. bicolor in the leaves being serrulate and the
flowers much smaller. In the type collection, No. 4729 Impatiens
longicornu, Wall., is represented by three species, Z. bicolor, Royle,
I. bicornuta, Wall., and T. sulcata, Wall., all of which are remark-
able for the shortness of their spurs. The true J. longicornu,
Wall., in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey is 7. leptoceras, DC., and
longicornu hence disappears.
The two above-mentioned plants I have placed in the cover
with Nos. 7274-5 of the Walliehian Herbarium.
INDEX.
I. acuminata, Benth. No. 4754. Silhet.
I. amena, Wall. 4748 B — I. diversifolia, Wight.
I. amphorata, Edgew. 4729 in part—I. bicolor, Royle.
I. arcuata, Benth. 4735=I, Balsamina, L, var.
I. Balsamina, L.
4730 B, 4731, 4732, 4733, 4734, Nepal, Sirmore,
4735, 4770 in part. Silhet, Malabar,
Burma.
I. bicolor, Royle, 4729 in part. Nepal.
I. bicornuta, Wail. 4729 in part, 4730 in part, 4765. Nepal.
I. bracteata, Cole), 4760. Silhet.
I. calycina, Wall. 4769 A =I. scabrida, DC,
I. chinensis, L. 4748, 4749 in part. Silhet, Malabar.
I. circæoides, Wall, 4772 in part. Prome.
I. coccinea, Sims, 4732=I, Balsamina, L.
LI. cordifolia, Herb. Madr. 4758=[1. scapiflora, Herb. Heyne.
I. cornuta, L. 4733=[I. Balsamina, L.
I. discolor, DC. 4767 in part. Nepal.
I. diversifolia, Herb. Heyne, 4748, 4749. Malabar.
I. fasciculata, prox. 4749—1. diversifolia, Herb. Heyne.
I. fasciculata? Herb. Madr. 4746 B—I. Kleinii, W. § A,
I. fruticosa, Lesch. 4762. Malabar.
I. gigantea, Edgew. 4729, 4764 —I. sulcata, Wall.
I. glandulifera, Wall., MSS. 4732 A.
I. grandiflora, Herb. Madr. 4759 B=I. grandis, Herb. Heyne.
I. grandis, Herb. Heyne, 4759. Malabar.
I. heterophylla, Wall. 4748=I. chinensis, L., and I. diversi-
folia, Herb. Heyne.
I. hispidula, Benth. 4740=1. puberula, DC.
I. inconspicua, Benth. 4741, 4743. Malabar.
I. insignis, DC. 4760, 4766. Nepal.
I. Juspia, Herb. Ham. 4761. Nepal.
I. Kleinii, W. 4 A. 4743 in part, 4746 in part. Malabar.
I. Lacca, Herb. Ham. 4133 C— I. Balsamina, Z.
I. levigata, Wall. 4753. Silhet,
I. latifolia, L. 4737 in part, 4739 in part. Malabar.
IMPATIENS IN THE WALLICHIAN HERBARIUM.
I. leptoceras, DC.
I. Leschenaultii, DC.
I. longicornu, Wall. Cat.
I. longifolia, Benth.
I. lueida, Herb, Heyne,
I, malabarica, Herb. Madr.
I, mollis, Wall.
I, multiflora, Benth.
I. mysorensis, Roth,
L natans, Willd.
I. odorata, D. Don,
T. oppositifolia, Z.
I. pendula, Herb. Heyne,
I. porrecta, Wail,
I. puberula, DC.
I, punctata, Wall.
IL. pusilla, Herb. Heyne,
I. racemosa, DC.
I. racemulosa, Wall.
I. radicans, Benth.
I. reticulata, Wall.
I, rosea, Lindl,
I. rosmarinifolia, DO.
I. Roylei, Walp.
I. rufescens, Benth.
I. scabrida, DC.
I. scabriuscula, Herb. Heyne,
I. scapiflora, Herb. Heyne,
I. serrata, Benth.
I. simplex, Wall., MSS.
I. sinensis, Herb. Madr.
I. sulcata, Wall.
I. tavoyana, Benth.
I. tenella, Herb. Heyne,
I, ternifolia, Herb. Ham.
I. tingens, Edgew.
2. Tiramira, Herb. Ham.
L, tomentosa, Wall.
I. tomentosa, Heyne,
I. trichocephala, Wall., MSS.
I. triflora, Willd.
I. trilobata, Coleb.
. tripetala, Roxb.
. umbellata, Herb, Heyne,
. urticifolia, Wall.
. Wallichii, Hook, f.
= m m
Sp. dub.
I. prietermissa, Hook. f.
4755, 4756=Hydrocera triflora, Willd. {
4770 in part.
4139 in part.
4729,
734=I. Balsamina, L.
4737 in part, 4738.
4749 B=I. diversifolia, Herb. Wight.
. 4767 in part —I. puberula, DC.
4742—1. tripetala, Roxb,
4743 in part.
4730 in part,
4743 in part, 4750, 4751.
4736 in part, 4744.
7275.
4740, 4767 in part.
4769— I. scabrida.
4145—1I. inconspicua, Benth.
4730 in part.
7274.
4763.
4750=I. oppositifolia, L.
4732—1. Balsamina, Z.
4743 B —I. oppositifolia, L.
4764 in part.
4747 =I, tomentosa, Heyne,
4769.
4736 in part.
4758.
4771.
4772 A=I. cirezoides, Wall.
4735=I. Balsamina, L.
4729 in part, 4764 in part.
4773.
4746 in part.
4152 B—I. tripetala, Rorò.
4730 in part.
4733 0.
47151 =I. oppositifolia, L.
2747.
4760=I. fimbriata, Coled,
4756 — Hydrocera triflora, W. § A.
4763 B ?
4742, 4752.
4757.
4708.
4767 in part.
4772 B.
Unticketed,
31
Nepal.
Malabar.
Malabar.
Malabar.
Silhet, Burma,
Malabar.
Nepal.
Nepal.
Malabar.
Silhet.
Nepal.
Malabar.
Nepal.
Silhet,
Bilhet.
Rangoon.
Sirmore.
Malabar,
Nepal, Sirmore.
Malabar.
Malabar.
Nepal.
Rangoon.
Nepal.
Tavoy.
Malabar.
Nepal.
Malabar,
Silhet.
Silhet.
Malabar.
Nepal.
Nepal.
Rangoon,
Nepal.
32 DR. A, D. WALLER ON THE
Number of ticketed sheets in the Wallichian Herbarium ... 48
» species from Malabar ................. + Leeeeeeaeaens 18
» » » Nepal ..... RH 18
» » » Bilhet ............eeeeee e 10
» " », Burma (Rangoon, Prome, Tavoy).. 6
» » , Birmore ....... etre 2
102
Species common to Nepal, Sirmore, Malabar, Silhet, and Burma,
1 (I. Balsamina).
Silhet and Malabar, 4 (I. Balsamina, chinensis,
natans, i. e. Hydrocera triflora).
Nepal and Sirmore, 2 (I. Balsamina, scabrida).
Morung and Silhet, 1 (I. Jurpia, Ham).
On the Blaze-Currents of Vegetable Tissues: a Week's Holiday
with a Galvanometer and some Plants. By A.D. Wanter,
M.D., F.R.S. (Communicated by Prof. J. B. Farmer,
F.R.S., F.L.S.)
[Read 16th June, 1904.]
$1. Frrst Day.—I set up the galvanometer and keyboard in a
convenient corner of the room, and verify the circuit.
The two unpolarizable electrodes À and B and the galvano-
meter are couneeted with the central keyboard in such a way
that current from B to A through an interposed object shall
give deflection of the galvanometer-spot to my right, which
I call the ** positive " direction.
The compensator and the induction-coil are likewise connected
with the central keyboard, with a reverser in each of these two
circuits, so disposed that its position towards the right and left
indicates “ positive" and “ negative" directions of current. For
the induction-coil, this convention is made to apply to the break
current. Its reverser is placed in the primary circuit, and the
latter also includes a double-contact key ; so that we may take
at will either single currents or alternating (tetanising) currents.
The direction of the latter is indicated by the position of the
reverser ; if it is, e.g., tilted to the right, we know—or can at
once verify—that the break current passes through the object
under examination in the “ positive” direction from B to A.
Finally, I verify the conventional “ positive " and “ negative "
direetions between B and A by touching B with a bit of zine,
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 33
A with a finger of the other hand; when the galvanometer-spot
flies off to my right.
$2. The galvanometer, being in a strange place, must now
be calibrated by means of the compensator. Here are the
calibration-numbers taken at the outset of the present obser-
vations :—
August 4th.—Galvanometer of 7000 w R.
Compensator, Deflection.
— 0:001 +0:001 — Sem, + 3cm.
—0:002 +0002 —6, +6,
— 0:003 4- 0:003 —9 , + 9 ,,
— 0004 4-0:004 —]12 , +12 ,
—0:005 +0-005 —15 , 15 ,
Swing 8
Steady Deflection 2
One double oscillation = 7 secs.
Quite at rest in 30 secs., after 4 double oscillations.
The instrument is now sufficiently adjusted for our purposes ;
the fact that it is not very sensitive (1 em. deflection indicating
rather less than 1077 ampère) is an advantage under our present
circumstances,
A photograph of the Laboratory corner as it stands at the end
of the first day shows the apparatus unpacked and set up ready
for use (fig. 1, p. 34).
A diagram of the circuit is seen to the right; the apparatus
itself—galvanometer, seale, shunt, electrode-holder A B, cells,
compensator, coil, reversers, keys, and, in the foreground, the
keyboard—is arranged on the packing-case, and is not much
more bulky or troublesome to pack and unpack than a dressing-
bag. As a travelling nécessaire, I regard it as quite indis-
pensable ; and it serves to demonstrate that electro-physiology
can be studied elsewhere than in beautifully-arranged Institutes
of Physiology.
I have often described the use of the various parts of the
apparatus; and we shall see in the next few days what can be
done with it. I shall not now redeseribe it; all I shall do will
be to say that the photograph exhibits two additional pieces on
the travelling-box, to the right and left of the electrode-holder
(which are not represented in the diagram), and to make a
remark intended to guard against any misunderstanding as to
the * voltage " of physiological currents.
“LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL, XXXVIT. D
34
Paty agua vi sn POTU
ZPN
A
eS
/ [prier peni pan prn nang]
= [o2 E [n S s o! LI oz
‘7, ‘BY urezis e[qiZe[ Jo poonpoaded st 3y “MOTEG e[Q*j eq uo pesduv1e
enqvaedde og} jo uv[d-punoaS v seats Jous09 puvq-jq511 eq) ur weiseip ep, 'sjuv[d-pue[ tra sjuv[d-ves Jo uosrreduioo em) 10]
eouvjsur quesead eq; ur : ABpI[OY eprsvos v Jo sesodand 04} 10j dn jos pue xoq s}! woaz poyoudun snjeaudde oy} Jo qdwe2o030qq
—[ 3
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF YEGETABLE TISSUES. 35
Compensator.
-units e$ téns
M o == ?
© Le 1/94
EC
TM
|
Il
iul i ij UU
> Keyboard.
The plant is placed between the Electrodes, A, B. Excitation is delivered to it
from the Sec. Coil via the Keyboard; the direction of excitation is deter-
mined by the Reverser R, in the primary circuit, The Key S'T in that
circuit serves to deliver single or tetanising currents. The Compensator
serves to counterbalance any incidental plant-current and to standardise
the deflection ; the direction of its current is determined by the Reverser R,.
The Galvanometer, by the movements of a spot of light on the transparent
scale, indicates the direction of exciting current or currents, and the
direction and magnitude of the responsive or blaze-currents.
D 2
36 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE
$3. Of the additional pieces of apparatus just referred to, the
first (marked R) is for the purpose of letting a blaze-eurrent
into the galvanometer-circuit at a short and regular interval
after excitation by a break induction-shock.
The other (marked B A C) is for the purpose of taking
the separate post-anodie or post-kathodie effects at A or at B,
after excitation ihrough A and B. By a movement of the
switch, contact at one or other of these excited points is
replaced by a contact C with an indifferent point.
$4. The purpose of a standardising deflection is two-fold :—
A deflection taken before and after experiment serves to show
whether the resistance has altered, and how much.
The currents observed in different experiments are, to some
extent, brought to a common denominator when they have been
referred to and expressed in terms of a standard voltage.
I say “to some extent," for it is evident that a reduc-
tion to zero by a compensating current, or a comparison of a
blaze deflection with a standardising deflection, can never give
us the true electromotive value of our physiological currents.
We do not know how much of our mass is actually active,
nor in what proportion the mass offers a shunt to the galvano-
meter.
Nevertheless, with this distinct understanding, that a de-
nomination by voltage does not signify that we have measured a
physiological voltage, it is evidently better to specify effects in
terms of voltage than in terms of eurrent.
$5. Seconp Day.—The first object I have in view is to
compare land-plants with sea-plants as to their blaze-currents ;
so I visit the garden to select some convenient land-vegetable
from whieh to obtain a constant supply of fresh material: c'est
lembarras du choix; finally I select peas as my principal
vegetable, although I foresee that it will be quite impossible
to remain attached to peas alone.
$ 6. I visit the sea-shore at low tide, to select some convenient
sea-vegetable from which to obtain a constant supply of fresh
material: the choice is not so various. Finally I select a sea-
weed, the name of which I do not know, but which exists
in luxuriant abundance attached to the rocks at half-tide, and
is charaeterised by quantities of olive-shaped ovaries, somewhat
like pea-pods. They will therefore afford a quite satisfactory
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 37
term of comparison with my land-peas. I call them sea-grapes
for the present *.
$7. First Pair of Experiments—The half-ripe pod of a
"land-pea? (Pisum sativum) is placed symmetrically between
the electrodes A B, to be submitted to the blazo test. Its
accidental current is compensated.
A break induction-shock in the positive direction, from B
to A, is followed by a blaze-current off-scale in that’ same
positive direction.
A break induction-shock in the negative direction, from A
to B, is followed by a blaze-current off-scale in that same
negative direction.
In both cases the blaze-current has been homodrome with the
exciting current; it has been of quite considerable magnitude,
‘‘ off-scale " signifying in this case “ greater than 0:02 volt”; it
was completely abolished after immersion of the pod in hot
water.
Deflection.
0:001 volt through galvanometer .................. sees 40
0:001 ,, » » -Felectrodes........................ o0
0:001 ,, » » » +pea-pod ......... 0:9
0:001 The same after the double blaze .......................- 1:5
The same after tetanisation .............. esse 1:7
The same 4 hour later ............ eese 2
$8. A “ sea-grape ” is placed symmetrically between the same
pair of electrodes A B, to be submitted to the blaze test. Its
accidental current is compensated.
Break induction-shocks in the positive and in the negative
directions do not arouse any blaze-current. The conductivity of
the pod is not appreciably altered by the induction-shocks nor
by strong tetanisation.
§ 9. Commentary.—This first pair of experiments, which were
several times repeated with precisely similar results, show in the
clearest possible manner a remarkable contrast between a land-
plant and a sea-plant. And obviously the next step will be to
test other land- and sea-plants for this contrast, and learn
whether it is justifiable to say that land-plants give blaze-
currents, but sea-plants do not.
* Prof. Farmer has informed me since that they were probably Asco-
phyllum,
98 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE
$10. From a second visit to the garden and to the sea-shore
respectively, I bring back two bundles—one of land-plants, the
other of sea-plants. Everything from the garden gives me
blaze-currents; nothing from the sea-shore does so. I am
entitled to say that land-plants blaze, and that sea-plants do
not blaze. I do not at this stage commit myself to any
quantifying prefix to the subjects of these two propositions ;
more extensive trials will be required before we shall venture
to say whether only “some,” or ** most," or “all”? land- and
sea-plants do or do not blaze.
$11. So we set ourselves the task of finding, on the one
hand, a land-plant that does not blaze, and, on the other, a
sea-plant that does blaze. We hardly expect to find a hard-
and-fast “yes” or “no” in every case we try, but rather a
differenee of degree, perhaps; so we shall take note of the
voltage uf the blaze-currents, by comparing their galvanometric
effects with the effect through the same circuit of a known
standard voltage. Of course this will not mean that we have
arrived at any true electromotive value of the blaze-current,
but it will be better than nothing.
§ 12. I think of water-plants, and ferns, and fungi as possibly
non-blazing land-plants. So I fetch some watercress, and leaves
of hart's-tongue fern, and a fungus from a tree-stump in the
garden.
$ 13. I begin with the fungus :—
0'001 volt gives a deflection............ = 25mm.
Exc, by Br+10000 gives homodrome blaze ...... = +250
» Br—10000 ,, nothing at all.
» 2Br4-10000 ,, a smaller blaze
» Br—10000 ,, nothing at all.
The fungus evidently gives a blaze-current; but beyond this
bare fact there are already several points of detail that must
arouse reflection and provoke further study.
The blaze-current is only in one direction, from B to A,
“ positive," and aroused only by current in that same positive
direction. On looking to see how the fungus is orientated
between the eleetrodes, I find that the dorsal surface is on B
and the ventral surface is against A; so that the blaze just
witnessed has been from dorsal to ventral surface. It has been
aroused by a break induction-shock in the same direction,
having therefore the anode at the dorsal surface; it has not
LE
ennt =+ 60 I
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 39
been aroused by a shock in the opposite direction, with the
kathode at the dorsal surface.
From these points I provisionally infer that the dorsal surface
of my fungus is more excitable (leistungsfähig) than the ventral
surface, and that the exciting current has been more effective at
the anode than at the kathode. But we had better not go off
into a discussion of this point now.
$14. I take a leaf of hart's-tongue, lay it on its face, and lead
off from its dorsal surface by the electrodes A and B applied to
the midrib 4 or 5 centimetres apart. The trial comes out as
follows :—
mm
1/100 volt........... essen 20
Exe. by break 100004 ................ esse 1004-
» » — eee eene 80--
Strong tetanisation.
Exe. by break 100004 ................. se. trace-+
» » LEM nil
1/100 volt.................. eese 30
Three points are seen in this experiment: (1) that this leaf
manifests strong homodrome blaze-currents; (2) that these
eurrents are abolished by strong tetanisation; and (3) that the
resistance has been considerably reduced.
$15. And now, again, questions press upon us. Is the effect
of tetanisation temporary or permanent? Will a leaf give a
succession of blaze-currents of diminishing or undiminishing
magnitude? What relation is there between strength of
excitation and strength of blaze? What are the time-relations ?
What is the cause of the diminished resistance ?
All these questions clamour for their answers ; but they must
wait.
$ 16. The next object I undertook to test was some duckweed.
The results of its trial are as follows :—
1/100 volt through electrodes.
» ” n and a leaflet.
Blaze after break-shock 10000-4 ............ is +
LE "n LE LCLLLLLLLLLTTLITT
After strong tetanisation :—
Blaze after break-shock 10000+ .......... 4 oni
1 2» 305 0000000 cs99538859835 959
It is not a convenient plant to work with, because the leaf is
so small. I try whether a mass of overlapping leaves give blaze,
and find that they do not.
40 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE
$17. Clearly land-plants are more interesting than sea-plants.
But the contrast between the two kinds, whatever its meaning
may be, is a fact of primary importance. I want to confirm it,
or the reverse, by every means in my power. So I offer at the
next meeting of my family to give two prizes—one for any
blazing sea-plant, the other for any non-blazing land-plant. I
make the proviso as to the latter that it must be a plant capable
of conducting an electrical current, not a non-conducting dry
leaf or bit of wood. I also stipulate, as conditions of the prizes,
that the winning land-plant shall give less than 0°001 volt, the
winning sea-plant more than 0:010 volt.
Many things are brought to the galvanometer in a short space
of time, from the garden and from the sea-shore. Nothing from
the garden fails to blaze ; nothing from the sea-shore gives any-
thing like a blaze. "True, a holly-leaf from the garden gave no
clear blaze; but its electrical resistance was so great that
current sufficiently strong to excite could not traverse it.
And, on the other hand, a leaf from among the seaweed which
did give a blaze was pronounced to be an intruder from a neigh-
bouring stream.
The competitors abandoned their quest as hopeless, being even
more convinced than I am that land-plants blaze, while sea-plants
do not blaze. 1 am indeed satisfied that sea-plants do not blaze
anything like land-plants ; but I am not sure—indeed, I think it
quite unlikely—that no sea-plants give any blaze at all *.
$18. An Ivy Petiole versus a Geranium Petiole—All land-
plants are not equally vigorous as regards their electromotive
effects ; some are more vigorous than others. I found, a year
or two ago, that seeds lose power in this respect by mere lapse
of time.
An ivy-leaf petiole as compared with a geranium-leaf petiole,
under physical conditions as nearly as possible identical, affords
a convenient illustration of the general principle that amount of
blaze bears some general relation to degree of vitality or vivacity.
* Ultimately a long narrow seaweed, called “ boot-laces" by the fishermen,
Chorda Filum by its museum name, was brought in, and gave typical
homodrome effects in both directions, amounting to as much as 0:02 volt. The
peculiarity is possibly due to the transverse septa subdividing the length of
weed. Another jointed seaweed coralline was subsequently found, giving about
OOl volt.
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 41
The ivy petiole is comparatively sluggish; the geranium petiole
is comparatively lively. Under similar conditions, the response
or blaze of the former is below 41, volt, while that of the latter
is upwards of 45, volt.
$19. Turg» Day.—Some of the questions asked in $ 15 require
to be answered, and I shall make use of peas for the purpose.
Peas in their pod afford us an unlimited supply of individual
test-objects, similar, and protected from accidental injury.
The relation between strength of excitation and strength of
blaze-current, and the time-relations of the latter, are easily
examined. The observations have to be made in a systematic
and leisurely fashion; so I have reserved them for a wet day,
offering no external temptations.
Fig. 3.—Pxa (Pisum sativum). Excitation by a single break induction-shock
from A to B. Blaze-current from A to B, i. e. homodrome.
1 1 1 | 1 fi L L | 1 L 1 ji
0 ! 2 3 4 5 10 minutes.
The ordinates are in scale-divisions of 1 cm.; with the resistance in circuit,
each 1 cm. indicated an approximate voltage=1/1000 volt.
§ 20. The observation of each individual blaze-current requires
5, 10, or 15 minutes, according to its strength. A blaze aroused
too soon after a previous blaze is smaller than normal. One
should allow the zero to be recovered of itself, and not impa-
tiently return to a false zero by manipulating the compensator.
42 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE
This rule has been observed throughout the series of to-day's
readings.
In the first series I have taken readings every half-minute and
every minute after excitation of five different strengths, omitting
in each case the very first deflection, and beginning at the first
half-minute after excitation.
The series of observations has lasted 13 hour, without appre-
ciable “ fatigue ” or alteration of resistance.
The dotted curve gives a second blaze by 1000 at end of
series.
Fig. 4.— Relation between strength of Stimulation and magnitude of Blaze.
. Volt.
V 9.02 4 peer TT Ort Bow err cn cmos cence te ee een e
D E
S F
Soo, ^
a ‘
1 L i L L ]
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 10000
Stimulation.
Fig. 5.- -Ditto, ditto.
Volb. ce æ- . < t=- -- --2--- - -- -- 7579
a 0-0247 r
wq) r
c |
a f
good |
œ ]
L L L L L J
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 10,000
Stimulation.
In the above two series (figs. 4 & 5) the readings taken are
those of the galvanometer-swing produced when the blaze is let
through by means of the key R, immediately after passage of the
exciting current. The effects are homodrome, 7. e. in the same
direction as the exciting current; and the range from minimal
to maximal is not a very extensive one—from, e. g., 600 to 2000
units of a Berne inductorium fed by two Leclanché cells.
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 48
$21. In dealing with animal tissues it is very difficult, if not
impossible, to get two isoelectric contacts when the electrodes
are first applied; there is always more or less accidental current,
by reason of unavoidable injury or from other causes.
Precisely the same difficulty presents itself in the case of
vegetable tissues. It is advisable to leave them undisturbed
in contact with the electrodes for some time before an experi-
ment is begun; at the end of an hour they may generally be
considered to have settled down to a stable state.
$22. The “current of injury," whether accidental or provoked,
is very considerable ; it gradually subsides, as in the case of
animal tissues, and can then be renewed by renewed injury.
The following curve gives the decline of E.M.F. of a pea, led off
by a freshly-cut and an intact surface.
Fig. 6.—Pza (Pisum sativum). Decline of Current of Injury after a
preliminary rise.
Volt.) —
0-074
0:06-
0-054
0-054
0:024
0:014
L L 1 1 L i fi 1
1 1 L 1 1 L
GO 5 10 i5 20 25 30
Time, o 1! hour.
l B 25. At first—z.e. for the first 5 minutes—the current of
injury increases. This preliminary increase, amounting to 0:005
to 0010 volt, calls to mind the similar increase recently pointed
44 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE
out by MacDonald and Sowton in the case of the current of
injury of mammalian nerve. Clearly, however, the explanation
invoked by these authors for their case—viz., augmentation of
concentration-current by cooling—will not apply to the present
case. I have no very dogmatic explanation to offer; it looks to
me very like an imbibition current at a eut surface.
§ 24. A blaze-current provoked in a vegetable organ during its
manifestation of a current of injury is, in general, opposite
to it in direction, whatever may have been the direction of the
exciting current. Du Bois Reymond would probably have called
it a negative variation of a previous current.
Blaze-currents caused by excitations of moderate strength at
sufficiently long intervals in the course of a declining injury-
current are of diminishing magnitude. The smaller the injury-
current, the smaller is its negative variation.
Fig. 7.—PA (Pisum sativum), Negative variations of Current of Injury.
Volt
0-05
Q:O4—
0-034
one
O:01-
6-01 =
/\
L | 1 L | L L
] f
ihour D TI
§ 25. Fourra Day.—We intend to find out to-day what sort
of magnitudes the currents of different peas present: whether
they differ at different stages of maturity, whether individual peas
of the same pod vary more or less than peas of different pods,
and so forth.
$26. I begin with a comparison between two very different
pods: one quite ripe and fully distended, of which the cooked
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 45
peas would be rather hard and passés ; the other immature, with
tender young peas at, I should say, a quarter to half their normal
bulk.
The contrast, galvanometrieally, is very striking indeed. The
adult peas give large current of injury and large blaze-current.
The infant peas give small and irregular current of injury and
no blaze-current to speak of.
7 Peas.
A mature pea-pod, taken from
S
acne cie
nil
nil
-0100
nil
$27
before backwards.
Current of Blaze by 1000— «~
injury. — (1/100 volt — 13 em.).
volt. cm,
.. +0:0210 —5
.. +0°0430 —]11
. 4-0:0450 > — 20
.. +0:0500 —]14
.«. +0:0520 > —?20
... +0:0570 > —28
... +0°0430 —13
nil
+3
nil
6 Peas.
An immature pea-
pod.
Ourrent of Blaze by 1000 — «—
injury. — (1/100 volt — 13 em.).
volt. em.
— 0:0150 nil
— 0:0060 nil
+0:0100 —2
+0-0040 -1
— 0:0080 nil
4-40:0100 nil
nil +3
(2)
+0010 -5
(7)
+0050 -5
(4)
. I think the result is of considerable importance. If
46 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE
there has been no mistake—and it will be an easy matter to
make sure of this by further trial—we have in our hands a very
clear and convenient field within which to test a relation between
physiologieal states and electrical responses.
$28. Asa rule, the middle peas of a pod give the largest blaze-
currents; the peas at both ends, being as a rule less developed
than the others, give smaller effects, if any. We may pick out
pods more or less completely ripe, and find only the middle peas
giving eurrents.
And it is interesting in this connection to note that the rule
applies to injury-currents as well as to blaze-currents.
$99. Firra Day.—Young peas have a truly enormous elec-
trical resistance ; a tenth of a volt through pea and galvanometer
in series gives a hardly appreciable deflection. This is not merely
a skin-resistance, for it persists after a slice has been taken off
each end of the pea; it is a resistance attributable to deficiency
of electrolytes.
An adult pea is a much better conductor; an adolescent pea
is of intermediate conducting value.
The resistance is greatly reduced in consequence of a single
electrical shock; and I find reason for believing that the
alteration is partly due to the multiplication of electrolytes by
dissociation.
Alterations of conductivity of old and of young seeds in
consequence of the passage of induction-currents.
Full-grown Peas. Young Peas.
n. After one After nu After one After
Initial break- tetanisa- | Initial break- tetanis:
ductivity. res etanisa-| conductivity. Ae etanisa-
con J- shock. tion. | Y: shock. tion.
50 70 90 | 2:95 22-5 55
40 70 70 | 0:5 25 50
60 70 75 25 22:5 65
70 75 05 30 55
45 4hr. later.
45 1 hr. later.
65 after tetanis.
50 4 hr, later.
60 after tetanis.
55 4 hr. later.
65 after tetanis.
Next day 85
100 after tetanis.
95 1 hr. later.
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 47
$30. A sufficiently obvious fallacy may arise from this source.
Suppose we have a quite young pea on the electrodes, with
a fresh-cut surface at B, so that the current of injury is positive:
the resistance is very high, the deflection is small, and we have
to use a considerable voltage from the compensator in a negative
direetion in order to bring the spot back upon zero. A strong
induetion-shoek is now sent through the pea in the negative
direction, the after-effect of which is a large deflection in that
same direction. We find that the resistance is greatly diminished,
and the large deflection to the left may evidently be due to our
large compensating voltage. While the resistance was high,
we might easily have over-compensated; so that the over-
compensation would come into evidence when the resistance
was reduced. Of course, to do this, the alterations of resistance
would need to be very great. And they are so,—it is not
uncommon to see the resistance reduced to yy of its original
value by a single strong induction-shock.
$ 31. I have seen the fallacy in another form. A young pea,
with its base cut, has a current of injury in the positive direction
which, by reason of the enormous resistance, gives a barely appre-
ciable deflection. A single induction-shock is sent through the
pea in the positive or in the negative direction; an apparent
blaze-current is manifested in the positive direction, which, how-
ever, I do not consider to be a true blaze-current, but only a
deflection due to the positive current of injury through a suddenly
diminished resistance.
$32. The different behaviour of young peas and old arouse
many reflections. The old are conductors ; the young are non-
conductors. Conduction is by electrolytes. Salts—or their
ions—are electrolytes par excellence. Are there more salts in old
peas thanin young? And what is the meaning of Loeb’s recent
investigations into the influeuce of salts upon the development
of ova? I have no means of reply; so the questions must
wait.
$33. The Holly-leaf expertment.—Here is a curious ex-
periment on resistance, with a holly-leaf. I say curious, because
it has aroused my euriosity, and I cannot rest satisfied with the
explanation that offers itself.
The leaf is placed between the electrodes as usual, in series
with the galvanometer and secondary coil. I send an induction-
48 DR. A. D. WALLER ON THE
shock through the cireuit—first a make, then a break ; the make
deflection is comparatively small, the break deflection compara-
tively large. And now, if alternating make and break shocks
are passed, the galvanometer-spot flies off in the direction of the
break. The familiar physiological effect known as von Fleisehl's
deflection is exactly simulated.
But it is not a physiological effect in this case; for it comes
off on a boiled holly-leaf and on a thick piece of glazed note-
paper. The irresistible conclusion is that we have to do with a
case of variable resistance, smaller to the break than to the make
shock, as is said to occur in the passage of alternating currents
through a vacuum-tube.
Whether this be a valid explanation or not, the fact itself is
well worth our notice, lest we should confuse a simple physical
phenomenon independent of the living state with a similar
physical phenomeuon characteristic of that state.
§ 34. Sıxru Day.—We have reached our last day, and have
made little or no use of the accessory piece of apparatus (B A C,
§ 3) set up on the first day. The apparatus has not “ earned its
living"; and though we may not hope to make it do so in
a single day, we may at least do something to justify its
inclusion in the travelling-box. We shall use it to-day for
two or three localisation trials, preliminary to a more systematie
inquiry next year.
$35. Experiment to deterinine the direction and magnitudes of
the separate electromotive changes at the two poles of an exciting
current.
B C A
— L L 1 =f.
Excitation by a single break induction-shock 10,000—, from A
to B, 7. e. so that A is anode and B is kathode.
Compensation established between A and B, B and C, and
A aud C, before and after excitation.
-B I — A+
C
BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES. 49
The compensation-values are :—
Changes
Before. After. Difference. in the Pea.
Between A and B...... —0:0090 +0:0030 4-0:0060 — 0:0060
" B and C...... — 0:0240 — 0:0450 — 00210 +0:0210
» A and C...... +0:0140 +0:0490 +0°0850 — 0:0350
Exc?
z210 B A 350
140
The events in the pea itself have been as follows :—
Excitation from A (anode) to B (kathode).
Partial blaze at A ..... MEME = —('0350
Partial blaze at B ..................... = -FU0210
Their algebraic sum ......... ees = —0'0140
Total observed | .................. e. = —(0:0120
i. e., both partial blazes have been ingoing ; the total blaze has
been homodrome with the exciting current; the post-anodic
homodrome blaze has been greater than the post-kathodie
antidrome blaze.
Excitation B < C A
Total blaze « 0:0120
Post-kathodie partial blaze —20210_,,
„2:0350
Post-anodic partial blaze
§36. Experiment to determine the alterations of resistance
separately at the two poles of an exciting current.—Excitation by
a single break induction-shock, 10000 — , from A to B.
Deflection observed by jl;th volt between A and B, B and C,
and A and C, before and after excitation. The conductivities
are as follows :—
Before. After. ^ Oonductivity.
Between A and B ......... 2 20 x10
» B and € ......... ll 13 x 12
» A and C ......... 15 10 x 67
Between À and B ......... 9 38 x 42
» B and C ......... 8 9 x l'l
» A and C ......... 5 10 x 20
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. E
Mo. i ot. arac ia
1908
50 ON THE BLAZE-CURRENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES.
These two observations were taken on a young pea; the next
is on an old pea :—
Before. After.
Between A and B ......... 95 100
» BandC......... 75 80
» A and C ......... 75 75
The conductivity is increased at the anode and at the kathode,
more so at the former than at the latter.
| i UJ. db
E I I E
$37. Experiment on a geranium-stalk to see whether the
alteration of resistance affects the substance as well as the skin,
whether it is interpolar as well as polar.— Deflection by -hth volt
through II before and after tetanisation through E E:
Before Exe. After Exc.
II .........e- 2:5 65
EE ................- 15 50
i. e., the interpolar region I I is affected by the excitation through
E E; the alteration is not an exclusively polar effect.
The effect of excitation II upon the resistance EE is, of course,
much less pronounced :
Before Exc. After Exc.
II sesers 1:75 12
EE ............... 25 2
INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF
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THE JOURNAL
OF
THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
Vor. XXXVII. BOTANY. No. 258.
. CONTENTS.
Page
I. Some Notes on the “ Sudd "-Formation of the Upper
Nile. By A. F. Broun, Director of Woods and
Forests in the Soudan. (Communicated by C. H.
HR OU eeeriete hh COR E e 51
II. Descriptions of some New Species, and Notes on other
Chinese Plants. By W. J. Turcuer, F.L.S. ......... 58
III. A Revised Classification of Roses, 1905. By Joun
GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S. —...................... Ei
IV. Contributions to the Flora of Liberia. By Dr. Orr
uE AE o ue. de i 79
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LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
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Prof. W. A. Herdman, D.Sc., F.R.S.
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Rev. Canon Fowler, M.A. Dr. Otto Stapf.
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ON THE “SUDD "-FORMATION OF THE UPPER NILE. 51
Some Notes on the “ Sudd "-Formation of the Upper Nile. By
A. F. Brow, Director of Woods and Forests in the Soudan.
(Communieated by C. H. Wniaur, A.L.S.)
[Read 3rd November, 1904.7
Mvcnm has already been written about the vegetation of the
marshes of the Upper White Nile. Sir William Garstin's
admirable report on the Bahr el Jebel, published in 1901, not
only describes the chief constituents of the “ Sudd,” but also the
circumstances in which vast masses of floating vegetation are
moved hither and thither and block the waterways, by forming
dams (Arab “ sudd”) across them. A trip in a sailing-boat
undertaken in 1903, which kept me for about four weeks in that
country, and another shorter trip recently made, have enabled
me to add the following notes, which may be of interest as
tending to show the process of Sudd-formation.
The mouth of the Bahr el Jebel near Lake No, and at 627 miles
by river above Khartoum, may be taken as the northern gate of
the Sudd-region—a vast country of swamps, which stretches
westward across the mouths of all the tributaries of the Bahr el
Ghazal, which, with a stretch of the White Nile joined at
Lake No, roughly form the northern boundary. Eastward the
swamps reach in their northern portion as far as the some-
what higher land between the Bahr el Jebel and the arm of the
Nile known as the Bahr el Zeraf. To the south of the spot
where this arm leaves the Bahr el Jebel, at about 240 miles by
river to Lake No, the swamps stretch to the east perhaps as
faras the Upper Sobat. Southward the swamps extend to beyond
Gondokoro, but they are of lesser width at Bor, a Dinka village
about 380 miles by river from Lake No.
In the Sudan, when speaking of the “Sudd,” it is generally
understood that the portion of the river between Lake No and
Shamba is meant. Shamba is a military post situated on the
left bank 266 miles from Lake No. It was in this section
that, after the overthrow of the Dervish rule, the channel was
found to be blocked at several places by masses of floating vege-
tation, the clearing of which has cost the Egyptian Government
considerable sums of money, and the Sudan Government the
health and lives of many of its employés. In this portion the
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. F
52 MR. A. F. BROUN ON THE
river twists and turns through swamps which often stretch as far
as the eye ean reach from the top of the mast of a sailing-boat
or from the upper deck of a steamer. Near many of the bends
sheets of water, sometimes several square miles in extent, are to
be seen, and glimpses of other subsidiary channels are also
obtained. Here and there, especially in the southern portion of
the Sudd, lines of trees are visible in the far distance, showing
the limit of the swamps. In places, spits of low land dotted with
termite-hills, and with some trees and bushes, reach into the
swamps close to the main channel. There are also occasional
islands with similar vegetation; one of these is at Hillet en Nuer,
about halfway through the Sudd, and it served as base camp for
the recent Sudd operations. A short way to the south of this,
the clearing of one block has still to be completed, and boats have
now to make their way through a chain of large lakes. Near
Shamba the left bank, covered with an open forest of large trees,
comes to within a mile or so of the main channel.
The main channel is usually marked by a constant string of
floating vegetation, whieh may consist of solitary Pistia Stratiotes,
Linn., of masses of Cyperus Schimperianus, Schrad., and other
sedges, or of large or small clumps, usually varying according to
the state of the weather, of Papyrus, Panicum pyramidale, Lam.,
or Typha australis, Schum. & Thonn., the most common being
twisted strands of rhizomes of Panicum pyramidale, enclosing
smaller floating weeds such as Azolla nilotica, Decne., and Pistia.
Starting from Lake No, the channel is, for many miles, lined
on both sides by a continuous border of Papyrus, dotted here
and there by occasional clumps of Ambatch (Herminiera Ela-
phroxylon, Guill. & Perr.). This lining of tightly packed shoots,
some 10 to 15 feet high, is, in places where water is of the right
depth, of considerable thickness, but in shallower water large
stretches of Typha are visible behind the Papyrus hedge. These
stretches are dotted here and there with clumps of Papyrus and
Ambatch filling the deeper pools. In this portion of the Sudd
region Panicum pyramidale is not very common.
On inspection of the Papyrus fringe near the channel it will
be found that the mass is tightly bound together by numerous
twiners and climbers, the most common being Vitis ibuensis,
Baker, Vigna nilotica, Hook. f., and three species of Ipomea,
viz. I. Lindleyi, Choisy, I. palmata, Forsk., and J. reptans, Poir.
The last named has a hollow-jointed rhizome, which floats on the
“ SUDD "-FORMATION OF THE UPPER NILE. 53
surface and by means of its shoots binds together those given
out by the rhizomes of other plants. Among the Cucurbitacez,
Luffa egyptiaca, Mill., and Adenopus breviflorus, Benth., are also
common.
Amidst the tangle of rhizomes of the Papyrus other plants
also spring up, and their roots and the soil which they gather
fill up the interstices of the mass. The most showy of these are
Hibiscus diversifolius, Jacq., and Melanthera Brownei, Rohr.
The little bays and inlets and placid pools are covered with Pistia,
Azolla, Trapa bispinosa, Roxb., Hydrocotyle natans, Cyr., Utricu-
laria Oliveri, Kam., Jussiea diffusa, Forsk., J. pilosa, H. B. & K.,
Ceratophyllum sp., Nymphea Lotus, Linn., sedges, and others
enumerated in the list at the end of these notes.
Towards Hillet en Nuer the banks of the channel are often
better defined, and Papyrus is frequently replaced by the tall reed
Phragmites communis, Trin., while Panicum pyramidale, Lam.
(called “ Om-Suf,” or “ Mother-of-wool,” by the Arabs on account
of the irritant hairs at the base of the leaves), which has the
faculty of growing both in shallower and in deeper water than
Papyrus, not only occupies the land which is uncovered or
nearly so at low Nile, but forms a fringe in front of the Papyrus
in the bed of the channel. South of Hillet en Nuer Phragmites
is still more common, and is festooned by the same twiners
mentioned above, the most abundant being Ipomea palmata.
The islands and spits of land, which are only covered at high
Nile, are usually grown over with thick grass and sometimes
with open woods of small Acacia Suma, Kurz, or with scattered
trees, frequently growing on the top of termite-hills, chiefly
Cratæva religiosa, Forst., with some Borassus Jlabellifer, Linn.,
Hyphæne thebaica, Mart., Euphorbia Candelabrum, Trém., and
occasional Kigelia æthiopica, Decne., and Trichilia emetica, Vahl.
On the somewhat higher ground afforded by the termite-mounds
are also found a pretty white-flowered shrub, Clerodendron near
neriifolium, Vahl, also Capparis tomentosa, Lam., Sanseviera
guineensis, Willd., Withania somnifera, Dun., and bulbs of the
showy Hemanthus multiflorus, Martyn.
The Ambatch is much more abundant in the southern portion
of the Sudd, and forms woods of some extent, usually lining
channels of lakes.
Above Shamba the course of the river is, for some distance,
even more tortuous. At first the bends keep nearer to the left
F2
54 MR. A. F. BROUN ON THE
bank, but above Kenissa, the site of the old Austrian Mission of
Ste. Croix mentioned by Sir S. Baker, the course gradually
approaches the right bank, which only becomes visible far in the
distance some way above Shamba. At Bor it actually flows under
the high right bank. Above this point the main channel goes
from one bank to the other and back again, and, although the
marshes between the high banks on either side are still of con-
siderable width (at least as far as Mongalla, our southernmost
post, 474 miles above Lake No), the boundaries of the Nile Valley
above Bor are well defined.
As regards the vegetation of this part, it is striking that some
way above Shamba the banks begin to be better defined and that
Papyrus gives way gradually to Om-Suf, the former being, in the
southern swamps, only represented by clumps or belts denoting
depressions in the surface of the ground. The grass-covered
surface is dotted here and there with trees, either solitary or in
clumps, chiefly Crateva religiosa, Forst., Kigelia æthiopica,
Deene., and Ficus Sycomorus, Linn., the low banks being often
covered with fairly dense fringes of Sesbania egyptiaca, Pers.
It appears to me most likely that, at some time more or less
distant, the Nile debouched near Bor into a large lake, the
northern limit of which was marked by the rise of the ground
towards the Nuba hills in Kordofan, still marked by the Bahr el
Ghazal and the White Nile flowing from west to east as far as
the Sobat mouth. It is possible, and even probable, that this
lake did not, at first, occupy so wide an area as is now covered
by the swamps, but that it gradually became filled with silt, the
cone of dejection spreading northwards from Bor. This would
account for the present disappearance of Papyrus im the southern
portion of the swamps.
It is also easy to conceive how, as the waterin the lake became
shallower, its surface was covered with vegetation. Among the
plants growing on the shores of the lake were some furnished
with more or less tubular rhizomes which they sent out over the
surface of the water, and, being numerous, crossed and recrossed
each other and interlaced, thus forming rafts, sometimes of con-
siderable thickness and buoyancy. The most important of these
plants are now the chief Sudd plants: they are Cyperus Papyrus,
Panicum pyramidale, Phragmites communis, and Typha australis.
Of these the Panicum and the Phragmites have not only the
lightest and most tubular, but also the longest rhizomes. I have
* SUDD "-FORMATION OF THE UPPER NILE. 55
seen the whole channel of the Bahr el Arab choked with rhizomes
of the Panicum, while the rhizomes of the Phragmites, floating in
the Nile channel, are often 15 to 20 yards long.
The rafts formed by these plants were further strengthened by
twiners, which bound them and the shoots they gave out together.
Among these Ipomea reptans, which, as I have mentioned before,
has also tubular rhizomes and is thus able to reach the most
distant shoots, is the most important; but the other twiners,
as well as other plants, were soon able to germinate in the soil
deposited on the surface of the raft. Their roots and the soil
which they gathered, as well as floating waterweeds and vegetable
rubbish brought by the wind or currents, filled the interstices of
the raft and further eonsolidated it. These masses of vegetation
dropped their roots into the soft ooze at the bottom of the lake;
but a rise in the lake or a storm broke away portions of the rafts,
whieh drifted away until they anchored themselves in other
shallow places, where they again spread. These movements in
the masses of vegetation still take place, and have been fully
described by Sir William Garstin.
Although Ambatch is, at certain places in the swamps, e. g. the
southern part of the Sudd and in the Bahr el Ghazal swamps,
very abundant, Sir William Garstin is of opinion that it has no
claim to rank in importance, as a Sudd-forming plant, with the
species mentioned above. I quite agree with him and believe
that it only appears, with other plants, after the rafts of floating
vegetation have formed themselves, and that. at the best, it only
acts as anchors wbich help in fixing the rafts in one place and
thus form firm land.
That the soil is slowly forming and filling the bed of these
swamps, there is little doubt. The Nile in flood at Gondokoro
is well nigh as turbid as the Blue Nile when the latter is in flood ;
but a large proportion of this silt gets deposited on the roots of
the plants in the swamps, and in still waters the mud sinks to
the bottom. Successive layers of decomposing vegetation should
add materially in forming soil, and seeds of large riverside treos,
washed from above, may germinate and help in the work of
consolidation ; but, unfortunately, fierce fires sweep over the
whole country and the ashes of the plants are carried awav
by the wind and a large portion deposited in the channels and
carried away, while what seedlings of trees do germinate are:
with few exceptions, killed outright by the fires.
56 MR. A. F. BROUN ON THE
The work done by Nature, described above, if sure, is too slow
for our progressive times ; the immense volume of water which
spreads itself and is wasted in these vast swamps is wanted lower
down, to change desert and howling wilderness into smiling fields.
Mueh has been done by the great Irrigation Department of
Egypt, and among gigantie tasks which still await it is that of
draining the swamps of the Upper Nile.
Khartoum, 26th April, 1904.
List oF PLANTS SEEN IN THE SWAMPS OF THE UPPER NILE.
(a) Chief * Sudd”-formers.
Cyperus Papyrus, Linn.
Panicum pyramidale, Zam (“ Om-Suf.”)
Phragmites communis, Trin.
Typha australis, Schum. & Thonn,
(b) Lwiners and Climbers (all common).
Vitis ibuensis, Baker.
Vigna nilotica, Hook. f.
Luffa egyptiaca, Mill.
Adenopus breviflorus, Benth.
? Melothria cordifolia, Hook. f.
Ipomcea reptans, Poir.
I. palmata, Forsk.
I. Lindleyi, Choisy.
(c) Accessory “ Sudd "-formers (including water-plants
and plants which grow on the floating vegetation).
Nymphæa Lotus, Linn.
Hibiscus diversifolius, Jacq.
Herminiera Elaphroxylon, Guill. $ Perr.
Jussiza diffusa, Forsk.
J. pilosa, H. B. & K.
Trapa bispinosa, Roxb,
Hydrocotyle natans, Cyr.
Melanthera Brownei, Rohr.
Sonchus Bipontini, Aschers.
Utricularia Oliveri, am.
Polygonum lanigerum, R. Br.
P. tomentosum, R. Br.
Ceratophyllum sp.
Vallisneria spiralis, Zinn.
Boottia scabra, Benth.
* SUDD "-FORMATION OF THE UPPER NILE. 57
Ottelia ulveefolia, Walp.
Commelina nudiflora, Linn., cum var.
Pistia Stratiotes, Linn.
Lemna sp.
Potamogeton aff. pectinato, Linn.
Cyperus Schimperianus, Schrad.
C. dichrostachys, Hochst.
C. latifolius, Poir.
C. nudicaulis, Poir.
C. articulatus, Linn.
Marsilea diffusa, Lepr.
Azolla nilotica, Decne,
(d) Plants growing on low, periodically inundated land.
[Norr.—The trees the names of which are printed in small capitals are
often found growing in the midst of the Sudd, and, although now
probably fixed, may originally have started growing on the masses
of floating vegetation.)
Capparis micrantha, Rich. Shrub (scrambling),
C. Rothii, Oliver. Shrub.
CRATJEVA RELIGIOSA, Forst. Tree.
Malachra radiata, Linn. Herb. (Mouth of Bahr el Zeraf.)
Harrisonia abyssinica, Oliver. Shrub.
Trichilia emetica, Vahl. "Tree.
ZEschynomene aspera, Linn. Shrub.
Indigofera orthocarpa, Baker. Undershrub.
Sesbania egyptiaca, Pers. Shrub.
S. aculeata, Pers. Herb. (Bahr el Ghazal.)
Psophocarpus longepedunculatus, Hassk. Herb; climber.
Canavalia ensiformis, DC. Herb; climber.
ACACIA SEYAL, Del. Tree.
A. Suma, Kurz (syn. A. campylacantha, Hochst.). Tree.
A. verugera, Schweinf. Tree.
- Combretum sp. (near aculeatum, Vent.), Scrambling shrub.
Mollugo Spergula, Zinn. Herb.
Mitragyne africana, Walp. Tree. (On termite-hills, Bahr el Ghazal,)
Oldenlandia sp. (near decumbens, Hiern). Herb.
Enhydra fluctuans, Zour, Creeping herb.
Ethulia conyzoides, Zinn. Herb. (Mouth of Bahr el Zeraf.)
Marsdenia rubicunda, N. E. Br. Woody climber.
Cordia abyssinica, R. Br., var. Shrub.
C. subopposita, DC. Shrub or small tree.
Withania somnifera, Dun. Herb.
Kigelia æthiopica, Deene. Tree.
Asystasia coromandeliana, Nees. Herb.
58 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES
Nelsonia campestris, R. Br. Herb.
Clerodendron sp. (near neriifolium, Vahl). Shrub. (On termite-hills.)
Ocimum gracile, Benth. Herb.
Euphorbia Candelabrum, 7rém. Tree.
? Fluggea microcarpa, Blume. Shrub. (On termite-hills.)
Ficus Sycomorus, Zinn. Tree.
F. capreefolia, Del. Shrub.
Celtis integrifolia, Zam. Tree.
Sanseviera guineensis, Willd. Herb. (On termite-hills.)
Hemanthus multiflorus, Martyn. Herb. (At foot of termite-hills. )
Hyphzne thebaica, Mart. Tree.
BORASSUS FLABELLIFER, Linn., var. HTHIOPICA, Warb. Tree.
Juncellus alopecuroides, C. B. Clarke. Herb.
Panicum (cf. $ Brachiaria).
Deseriptions of some New Species, and, Notes on other
Chinese Plants. By W. J. Tureen, F.L.S.
[Read 2nd February, 1905.]
THE species mentioned in the following paper were found on the
island of Hongkong, with two exceptions—one from Kowloon,
and the other from Wei-hai-wei.
NOTES ON THE FLORA.
The island of Hongkong lies just within the tropics, about
22° North latitude and 114° East longitude. It consists of
irregular granite mountain-ridges, the principal of which lies
east and west, and is broken up into several peaks—Mt. Victoria
in the west being the highest, 1800 feet, whilst Mt. Parker in
the east is not much less. The area of the island is about 29
square miles. There are two well-marked seasons—the rainy from
May to October, and the dry from October to May. The average
rainfall is about 85 inches a year, and most of this falls during
the south-west monsoon; the dry season corresponds to the
north-east monsoon. The hills are intersected with numerous
ravines, and it is in these ravines that the vegetation is richest,
more especially in the ravines on the north side of the island.
There are one or two exceptions to this, as the woods of the Happy
Valley on the north-east and those of Little Hongkong on the
south side prove. Approaching Hongkong from the south, one
is struck with the apparent bareness of the place, and it is not
AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 59
until one gets near that this idea is dispelled. Most of the
vegetation, however, which strikes the eye is due to the work of the
Afforestation Department, as millions of Pinus Massoniana have
been planted during the last 30 years. In the ‘ Flora Hongkong-
ensis, published in 1861, Bentham enumerated 1053 species as
having been found on the island, 159 of which had not, at
that time, been obtained elsewhere. Bentham, however, remarked
that probably many of these 159 would be found on the main-
land of China when the Flora of that country was investigated.
This has proved to be tbe case, for I suppose that at the present
time not inore than 50 of these 159 remain peculiar to Hongkong.
Since the * Flora Hongkongensis' was published many additions
have been made to the Flora of the island by various collectors, so
that at the present time it amounts to about 1400 species. Of
these 350 or 400 additional species, about 50 have not been
observed out of the island, making a total of about 100 endemic
species. No doubt many of these will be found on the adjacent
mainland as we get to know more and more of its flora. It is
interesting to note that some of the species found in Hongkong
have not been procured nearer than Hupeh, a distance of about
600 miles north. I might mention examples in Machilus macro-
phylla and Limacia sagittata. In all probability these species
will be found in all the intervening country and perhaps still
farther north and south. Rhodoleia Championi, first discovered
by Champion in Hongkong, had not been obtained elsewhere until
Dr. Henry collected it in Yunnan, about 1000 miles west of
Hongkong. The Indian Quercus polystachya, found in Yunnan
by Dr. Henry, has been recently collected in Hongkong. Neither
of these plants has been collected at any place between these
two points, so far as I know. Lasia heterophylla, a Cingalese
and Indian plant, comes as far east as Tai-mo-shan in the New
Territory, and it has been found on the island of Cheung I, just
outside of Hongkong harbour, but it has not been found in
Hongkong itself. Additional species are constantly being found,
and not a year passes but some plant is added to the Flora.
Botanizing in Hongkong is a very difficult business, and it will
be many years before our knowledge of its Flora is complete.
It is quite impossible to get up many of the ravines on account
of the huge boulders that block the way. To proceed up the
sides one has often to eut a way through masses of Bamboo and
strong-growing creepers and shrubs. Many of the sides of the
60 MR. W. T. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES
hills are almost perpendicular, and after cutting a path through
to a likely spot, one is often confronted with a perpendicular
rock which bars all progress. The only thing to do is to make
the assault from another direction ; but this will give some idea
of how it is species are being constantly added to the Flora and
the difficulty of the collector.
Ferns are represented by over 100 species and grasses by
nearly as many. There are between 90 and 100 species of
Leguminosz, and between 70 and 80 of Cyperaces. The Com-
posites are between 60 and 70 and Orchids about 60. Although
many additions are found in almost inaccessible places, others,
on the other hand, are obtained in the most unlikely places, such
as alongside publie roads which are traversed daily. Sloanea
hongkongensis, for instance, grows quite close to and overhangs
a road leading from Mt. Vietoria to Aberdeen, a village on the
south side of the island. Lagerstremia Fordii, which was first
discovered on the island of Lantao, grows close to the road leading
from Pokfulum to Aberdeen. A curious instance of overlooking
à species which had been found by Champion 50 years ago may
here be noticed. Champion stated that Quercus Eyre? was
abundant in the Wong-nei-cheong wood, east of the Happy
Valley; but some years later Hance said he could uot understand
Champion making such a statement, as he could not find the plant
there at all, and came to the conclusion that an oak which he
found in the Happy Valley wood was the species Champion
referred to. Hance’s error is pointed out by Skan in the ‘ Index
Flora Sinensis, where Hance's plant is described as Quercus
alternata. All other collectors as well as Hance were unable
to find Champion's plant, and the only specimens known were
those in the Kew Herbarium. In the spring of last year I was
looking up the Hongkong Oaks, and wanted to get living
specimens of as many as possible, as some of them were not in
the Hongkong Herbarium, so I thought I could not do better
than look for Quercus Eyrei in the wood mentioned by Champion,
where to my surprise I found it without difficulty. It was quite
common in the wood, many of the trees being 30 feet high, and
some of them overhanging the public road. Mucuna macrobotrya,
stated by Hance to grow near the Buddhist Temple, Causeway Bay,
I have never been able to find, although I have often looked for it.
The general aspect of the Hongkong Flora is that of a more
northern latitude, although most of the species are tropical.
AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 61
This is in a great measure due to the abundance of the Pine-tree,
which is by far the commonest tree in the island. Generally
speaking, the shrubs and trees have a stunted appearance, and
that luxuriance which one associates with the tropics is entirely
wanting. This is accounted for by the poorness of the soil, which
is nearly all disintegrated granite, and makes it all the more
remarkable that so large a number of species should be found on
such a small island. Showy flowering shrubs and creepers are
exceedingly numerous and the flowers are produced in the greatest
abundance. In every month of the year the hillsides are bright
with something or other.
Perhaps there are more shrubs in flower in April and May
than at any other time, but even in December and January there
are such things as Lurya japonica, Eurya Macartneyi, aud
Litsea citrata in flower. Eurya japonica is a most evil-smelling
plant when in flower, and it is not at all uncommon to hear
people complain of the bad drains when they pass a specimen of
it, as it has exactly that kind of smell. That it will give some
people **drain-throat" I can testify, having suffered from it
myself in this way.
The New Territory, in which is included the island of Lantao,
leased to Great Britain by China in 1898 has an area of about
300 square miles, or ten times the area of Hongkong. The
general features are those of Hongkong on a larger scale, as
there are several mountain-ridges split up into numerous peaks,
the highest of which is Tai-mo-shan, 3000 feet. Between these
ridges are several valleys which are highly cultivated. Looking
at the southern boundary of the New Territory from Hongkong,
it appears almost as barren as Aden, but on closer inspection it
is found that there are numerous ravines in which there is a
considerable amount of vegetation. Lantao is an island some-
thing like Hongkong, the highest peak of which rises to
3050 ft. Many of the ravines are well-wooded and will, no
doubt, yield many interesting plants when thoroughly explored,
and the same may be said of the ravines on the mainland.
Rubus hexagynus, an Indian species, has been found on Tai-mo-
shan, but nowhere elsein China. Rhododendron Championi was
considered to be confined to Hongkong until it was discovered
on one of the hills in the New Territory last year. Uncaria
hispida was found in Lantao a few years ago and in Hongkong last
year, but it is not known from elsewhere in China. Gironniera
62 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES
nitida, first discovered in Hongkong, was found in Lantao a few
years ago, but it is not known from elsewhere. Rhododendron
Fordii and Rhododendron Westlandii have not been found out of
Lantao. This gives some idea of what an interesting ground the
New Territory is likely to prove.
Economic Botany.
Tree-planting has been carried out on a considerable scale in
Hongkong, but owing to the poorness of the soil it has been
confined principally to one species, Pinus Massoniana. Many
other kinds of trees have been tried but without success, unless
in particularly favoured situations. A beginning has also been
made in the New Territory, and this will probably be considerably
extended.
There is very little land suitable for agriculture in Hong-
kong, but in the New Territory there are some fine level tracts,
and there sugar and rice are the principal crops. Within
the last few years improved varieties of sugar-cane have
been introduced by the Government and are proving a success.
Since the British occupation pineapple cultivation has greatly
extended on the southern slopes of Tai-mo-shan and on the
island of Cheung I. Experimental cotton-growing has been takeu
up within the last year, but I am not in a position to state with
what result.
Irnrurorvw DUNNIANUM, Tutcher, n. sp.
Frutex 3-4-pedalis. Folia verticillata, lanceolata, acuminata,
4-5 poll. longa, 1-1 poll. lata, supra glabra, subtus pallida ;
petioli crassi, 4 poll. longi, purpurei. Flores solitarii in axillis
foliorum dispositi, pedicellis $ poll. longis (post anthesin longi-
oribus); braetes purpures, maxim: circiter 1 lineam longs.
Perianthii segmenta 17, in:qualia, minute ciliolata, minima 14
lineas longa, maxima 44 lineas longa et 3 lineas lata, obtusa,
ineurva, extus purpurea vel rubella, intus luteo-rubella.
Stamina 24, biseriata, antheris filamentis fere æquilongis.
Carpella 12, rostrata. Fructus non visus. (Herb. Hongkong
Bot. Gard. n. 966.)
This species differs from Jllictwm micranthum, Dunn, in
having twice the number of stamens and in the greater number
of carpels.
The above plant was found growing gregariously on the
AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 63
banks of a stream at Sam-tam-lo in the British New Territory,
Kowloon, in March 1908, and I have named it after Mr. S. T.
Dunn, F.L.S., Superiutendent of the Botanical and Afforestation
Dept., Hongkong, from whom I have received every assistance
and encouragement in any botanieal work I have undertaken.
CAMELLIA BANKSIANA, Lindl. ?
Ihave been unable to find a complete description of this
plant, but Champion in the ‘Kew Journal of Botany,’ vol. iii.
p. 310, says :—“ Camellia Banksiana, Lindl., is, I believe, a
Hongkong species, but unknown to me. Some specimens
found on a hill near Mount Parker, and sent home by Mr. J.
Bowring previous to my arrival, were considered as belonging
to the C. Banksiana. Mr. Bowring mentioned its having
sweetly-perfumed flowers, so that it could scarcely be the same
as the C. assimilis, of which the flowers are scentless, notwith-
standing a general affinity in habit and in the white pendulous
flowers."
Several specimens of a Camellia which were found on
Mt. Parker in December, 1903, were referred by me to
C. assimilis, but Mr. Dunn pointed out that they differed from
that species, and on further examination I concurred with him.
The specimens differ from C. assimilis in having the styles free
for a greater distance, the capsule silky-hairy instead of glabrous,
the flowers sweet-scented, and in the hairiness of the stamens,
From Champion’s description quoted above, I am inclined to
believe that the specimens belong to C. Banksiana. (Herb.
Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 968.)
U CAMELLIA CRAPNELLIANA, Tutcher, n. sp.
Arbor parva, 15-20-pedalis, ramis cortice lateritio-purpuraceis,
ramulis glabris. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 13-2 poll. lata, obovata,
emarginate acuminata, serrulata, revoluta, glabra, subcoriacea,
venis subtus conspicuis; petioli crassi, circiter 3 poll. longi.
Flores in apicibus ramulorum, solitarii, sessiles, albi, 3—4 poll.
diametro. Bractez orbiculatz, extus sericew. — Sepala orbiculata,
extus sericea. Petala 6-8, obovata, extus leviter sericea.
Styli 3, distincti, glabri. Ovarium lanatum. Fructus ignotus.
(Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 967.)
This species differs from Camellia reticulata, Lindl. in having
free, glabrous styles.
64 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES
One tree only found on the south side of Mt. Parker in
April 1903, but not in flower then. When visited again in the
early part of December in the same year, the flowers were just
beginning to fade. The brick-coloured bark of this tree makes it
a very conspicuous object at a distance, and it was by this means
that it was discovered.
Named after Mr. A. E. Crapnell, Hongkong, who has often
aceompanied me on my botanieal excursions.
ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM, Hight *
Speeimens of, apparently, this species were found on the
southern slope of Mt. Parker in April, 1903. They differ from
the description of Z. ovalifolium in the rusty-tomentose
inflorescence and much thinner (papery) leaves. Further
specimens are required before the species can be determined
with certainty. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 965.)
| CHISOCHETON HONGKONGENSIS, T'u£cher, n. sp.
Arbor parva, circiter 12-pedalis. Folia 1 ped. longa; petioli
6 poll. longi. Foliola 12-16, 4-6 poll. longa et 2-21 poll. lata,
oblonga, papyracea, opposita vel subopposita, obtusa vel emargi-
nata, supra glabra, subtus opaca, basi oblique acuta vel rotundata,
margine anguste revoluta; nervi 8-12-dupli; petioluli 1 poll.
longi. Ramuli juniores fulvo-pubescentes. Flores paniculati,
2 lineas longi; panicule ad apices ramulorum, axillares, erecte,
5-6 poll. longz. Calyx 5-dentatus, pubescens. Petala 5,
valvata, alba, extus pubescentia. Staminorum tubus truncatus
extus intusque sericeus. Antherz 8, sessiles, in tubo incluse.
Stylus glaber; ovarium pubescens. Fructus maturus glaber,
pyriformis, 12. poll. diametro. Semina oblonga, eastanea, aril-
lata, fere 1 poll. longa. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 969.)
The fruits of this plant are somewhat like those of Chisocheton
patens, Blume, but the mode of inflorescence and the flowers,
which are 5-merous instead of 4-merous, are quite different. It
appears to be a very distinct species.
Discovered on the south side of Mt. Parker in April, 1903,
in fruit, but flowering specimens were not obtained until
December of the same year. The genus has not previously been
recorded from Chiua.
AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 65
Mocuna Cuampiont, Benth.
The bracts of this species have not been noticed before, so far
as I am aware. They are four in number at each node of the
raceme, dark purple, broadly ovate and hairy on both surfaces.
The outermost bract is the largest, 1} in. long, and covers the
three others, which are somewhat smaller. The bracteoles are
two to each flower, the same colour as the bracts, and hairy on
both sides, narrow ovate or lanceolate in shape and about à inch
long. Both the bracts and bracteoles are very deciduous. The
racemes are produced on the previous year’s growths, and not on
the very old wood as is the case with some other species of the
genus. The leaflets are stipellate.
Mvcvxa Brrpwoonprana, Tutcher, n. sp.
Frutex sempervirens, alte scandens, ramulis ultimis ferrugineo-
pubescentibus. Folia trifoliata, subcoriacea; petioli 3-4 poll.
longi. Foliola petiolulata, exstipellata, ovato-oblonga (lateralia
obliqua), breviter acuminata, 4-6 poll. longa et 2-23 poll. lata,
supra glabra, subtus leviter pubescentia. Bractex 1 lin. longi,
ovate, citissimo decidus; bracteole 3 lineas longs, ovate, cito
deciduz, ferrugineo-pubescentes. Flores eburnei, 3-34 poll.
longi, carnosi, racemosi, racemis 1-1} ped. longis, 20-30-floris,
in ramis vetustioribus fasciculatis interdum in ramis junioribus
productis, pedicellis 4 poll. longis, crassis, ferrugineo-pubescenti-
bus. Calycis tubus fere 3 poll. longus, extus et intus ferrugineo-
pubescens, limbo bilabiato, labio superiore } poll. longo integro
vel interdum bidentato, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis tri-
angularibus infimo 4 poll. longo, lateralibus infimo brevioribus.
Vexillum 17 poll. longum ; al: 2? poll. long; carina 3-31 poll.
longa, unguiculata ; margines vexilli et alarum ciliolatæ.
Legumen lignosum, pubescens, 9-10 poll. longum, 1j poll.
latum, inter semina leviter constrictum suturis ambobus bi-
canaliculatis ; semina 5-6. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 980.)
This species differs from Mucuna macrocarpa, Wall., in the
colour of the flowers and in the shorter, hairy pod. It has
been confused with Mucuna macrobotrys, Hance, from which it
differs in the colour of the flowers and in the entirely different
pod.
The plant was found many years ago by Mr. Ford on
Mt. Parker, and last year (1903) I found it at the same place,
66 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES
as well as on Mt. Gough, flowering in April, and previously on
Tai-mo-shan in the New Territory, in fruit.
It is named out of eompliment to Colonel Birdwood, 110th
Mahratta Light Infantry, an enthusiastie botanist, who has
contributed many specimens to the Hongkong Botanic
Garden.
ARISTOLOCHIA Tawarresii, Hook. f.
This plant is figured in the * Botanical Magazine’ under
t. 4918, and is stated to bea native of Ceylon. Under t. 5295
in the same work this habitat is said to be wrong, and under
t. 5908 Old Calabar is given as the native place of the species.
Many years ago Mr. Ford collected the plant in Hongkong,
but no specimens can be found at Kew from that place,
although there are specimens in the Herbarium of the Hong-
kong Botanic Gardens collected by Mr. Ford. Last year
(1903) I found several specimens growing under Bamboos in a
wood on the south side of Wong-nei-cheong village, and later
on many other plants were found growing in crevices of the
almost perpendicular cliffs of the Black Mountain, a place
whieh is still likely to yield additions to the flora of the island,
as several have been made from that district during the last year
or so. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 979.)
BnipELIA BALANS#, Tutcher, n. sp.
Arbor 15-20-pedalis; caudex spinosus, spinis 1-143 poll.
longis, crassis. Folia 3—4 poll. longa, oblonga, acuminata, acuta,
leviter revoluta, basi attenuata, supra glabra, subtus glauca,
venis primariis lateralibus $-10; petioli 4 poll. longi. Flores
9 parvi, pedicellati, dense glomerati, in axillis foliorum dis-
positi, pedicellis crassis, rugulosis, 1 lin. longis, calycis lobis
deltoideis extus intusque pubescentibus, l lin. longis. Flores
d non visi. Fructus ovoideus, purpureo-niger, fere 3 poll.
longus. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 974.)
This plant has been confused in the Hongkong Herbarium
with Bridelia tomentosa, Blume, from which it is quite different
in foliage and fruit. Balansa found the plant in Tonkin and his
specimens in the Kew Herbarium bear the numbers 4122, 4123,
and 4124.
In Hongkong I know of only two trees, one in the Happy
AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 67
Valley Woods above the Bowen Road, and the other in a wood
on the southern slope of Mt. Parker.
CLEIDION JAVANICUM, Blume.
One speeimen only of this species was found in a ravine south
of Sheko Gap in February of this year (1904). Not previously
recorded from China. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 963.)
FICUS ALTISSIMA, Blume.
It is difficult to say whether this is a native of Hongkong or
not, but there are several fine specimens in the island and on
the Kowloon peninsula. Hance found it in the province of
Kwangtung near temples, and Dr. A. Henry collected it in
Hainan. (Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 970.)
FICUS INFECTORJA, Roxb,
This species is frequently met with in Hongkong and is,
apparently, indigenous, although frequently planted for shade
purposes. Dr. A. Henry states that it is commonly planted
near shrines in China, but that he did not meet with it east of
Patung in Hupeh.
QUERCUS ITEAPHYLLA, Hance.
Fruits of this species were collected in March of this year
(1904) from trees growing in the woods on the east side of the
racecourse, Wong-nei-cheong, and others from trees found on
the hills above the Buddhist Temple, Causeway Bay. It
belongs, as Hance suspected, to the section Pasania. The cup is
scarcely 6 lines in diameter and 3 lines deep, silky on the inside.
The connate bracts are in 6 to S series. The acorn is ovoid,
glabrous, about 72 lines long including the umbo, which is 3 line.
(Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 982.)
QUERCUS POLYSTACHYA, Wall.
Three trees of this species, about 20 feet high, were found on
the Black Mountain in February of this year (1904). Pre-
viously collected by Dr. A. Henry at Mengtze in Yunnan, but
not recorded from any other place in China. The acorns in the
Hongkong specimens are about j in. in diameter, somewhat
larger than those collected in other places. (Herb. Hongkong
Bot. Gard. n. 981.)
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. G
68 MR. W. J. TUTCHER ON NEW SPECIES
CASTANOPSIS Evnzr, W. J. Tutcher. (Quercus Eyrei, Champ.
ex Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) p. 114.)
This plant was described in the ‘Kew Journal of Botany’
fifty years ago, but when its description was made out Bentham
had not seen the female flowers or fruits, and although
Champion states that the tree was abundant in the Wong-nei-
cheong wood on the east side of the Happy Valley, it apparently
has never been again collected until last March (1904). This
appears the more remarkable when it is stated that the
tree is still common in the wood referred to by Champion and
that speeimens about 30 feet high overhang the publie road,
which must have been used by various collectors from time
to time. At the time of my visit the trees were past fruit, but I
was successful in finding a part of an involucre which was
sufficient to prove that the plant belongs to Castanopsis as
constituted at present. ‘his fragment showed the iuvolucre to
be about ? in. long with about 5 rows of compound spines.
Better material is needed before a complete description of the
fruit can be given.
ALSOPHILA PODOPHYLLA, Hook., var. PROCUMBENS, Tutcher,
n. var.
Caudex procumbens, 10 poll. longus et 2 poll. diametro,
frondibus pinnatis, 2-24 ped. longis, stipite 1-14 ped. longo.
(Herb. Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 977.)
Specimens of this fern were found in a ravine on the south
side of Sheko Gap, in February 1904. It was found previously
by Balansa, no. 33 (in Kew Herbarium), in Tonkin. It struck
me as being a new species on account of the procumbent
caudex and the simply-pinnate fronds; but Mr. C. H. Wright,
of the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew, considers it to be a
variety of Alsophila podophylla only.
I may mention that there were no specimens of typical
A, podophylla seen in the locality where these plants were
collected. Young plants of true A. podophylla assume an upright
position and produce bipinnate fronds at a very early stage, but
it is several years before they bear fertile tronds.
Portypopium (8 Puymaropes) Marurwit, Tutcher, n. sp.
Rhizoma repens, gracile, squamis castaneis lanceolatis. Stipes
gracilis, fere niger, glaber, 1-2 poll. longus. Frons ovata,
AND OTHER CHINESE PLANTS. 69
integra, obtusa, j-3 poll. longa, 3-3 poll. lata, subcoriacea,
supra et subtus nuda, margine revoluta, costa et venis primariis
lateralibus conspicuis inira margines anastomosantibus, areolis
et venulis tenuissimis, soris 2-3, majusculis, uniseriatis inter
costam et marginem propius ad costam quam marginem. (Herb.
Hongkong Bot. Gard. n. 854.)
This small fern was collected in Wei-hai-wei by Staff-Surgeon
C. G. Mathew, R.N., of H.M.S. ‘Eclipse? who has presented
useful eollections of plants from Corea, Wei-hai-wei, and
Shanghai to the Hongkong Herbarium. He has also made
several additions to the Flora of Hongkong.
Mr. C. H. Wright has kindly informed me that the species 1s
near P. oodes, Kunze. It is much smaller than P. oodes and the
sori are in series instead of being scattered.
GYMNOGRAMME ELLIPTICA, Baker, var. FURCANS, Tutcher,
n. var. ; pinnis superioribus multo fureatis, inferioribus multo
incisis.
Several plants were found in a ravine on the south side of
Mt. Parker in December, 1908.
POSTSCRIPT.
Dunnta, gen. nov. Rubiacearum, Tutcher.
Frutex 5-pedalis, ramis crassis, ramulis junioribus pubes-
centibus. Folia opposita, oblanceolata, breviter acuminata,
8 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata, brevissime petiolata vel sessilia, supra
glabra, subtus opaca, costa venisque leviter pubescentibus, venis
primariis lateralibus utrinque 16-20, conspicuis, intra margines
anastomosantibus, venulis reticulatis. Stipule late, laciniate,
persistentes, pubescentes. Flores cymosi; cymæ corymbosz,
terminales. Calycis lobi 5, minuti, acuti, persistentes; circiter
unum lobum bracteiforme in omni eymula; lobus bracteiformis
albus, ovatus. Corolla? Fructus capsularis; capsula crus-
tacea, globosa, } poll. diam., septicide dehiscens, 2-valvis, valvis
2-partitis. Semina numerosa, orbicularia, peltata, fimbriata,
rugulosa, 1 lin. diam.
This genus has afiinity with Emmenopterys and Mussen-
dopsis. It differs from both in having persistent calyx-lobes
G2
70 MR. J. G. BAKER: A REVISED
and in the fruit and seeds. It also differs from Hmmenopterys
in its persistent stipules.
DUNNIA SINENSIS, Tutcher, species unica. (Herb. Hongkong
Bot. Gard. n. 910.)
This plant was found by Mr. Dunn’s native collector at
Sanning, Kwangtung, last year (1904). The specimens were in
fruit only.
17 February, 1905. W. J.T.
A Revised Classification/of Roses, 1905.
By Joun GILBERT Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S.
[Read 16th February, 1905.]
THREE valuable Rose-monographs which have recently been
published to a large extent fill the gap which was left by
the long-expeeted monograph of the late Professor Crépin
never having been completed. These are Dr. Keller's account
of the Roses, in Ascherson & Graebner’s ‘Synopsis of the
Flora of Central Europe’; the very careful and elaborate
account of the French Roses, in Rouy & Foucaud's new * Flora
of France’; and Dr. Focke’s description of the Roses, in the
third edition of Koch’s * Synopsis,’ now in course of publication
under the editorship of Dr. Hallier. Reference should also be
made to Dr. Christ's book on the Swiss Roses, and his account
of the Oriental Roses in the supplementary volume of Boissier's
‘Flora Orientalis, and to Burnat & Gremli's * Roses des Alpes
Maritimes, and its Supplement, and to Burnat’s * Flore des Alpes
Maritimes.’ The consensus of opinion in all recent investigators
of the genus points to the conclusion that a great deal of the
difficulty that arises is due to the facility with which Roses
hybridise. I have therefore drawn up the following Catalogue
of the species, varieties, and principal hybrids, to replace that
which I contributed to the ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle’ twenty
years ago, and was printed in that journal, August 15, 1885,
p. 199, and reprinted in the * Journal of Botany’ for the same
year, pp. 281-286.
71
CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES.
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72 MR. J. G. BAKER: A REVISED
SUBSPECIES
AND VARIETIES.
PRIMARY SPECIES, PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
Group I. Simplicifoliz.
1. R. SIMPLICIFOLIA, Salisb,— Orient.
(R. berberifolia, Pall.)
R. Hardii, Cels.
(simplicifolia x involucrata).
Group II. Systylæ.
2. R. ARvENSIS, Huds.—Europe.
(R. repens, Scop.)
R. capreolata, Neill.
R, perviridis, Gren,
(arvensis X sempervirens).
R. rusticana, Déségl.
(arvensis X stylosa).
R. Melsini, Towndr.
(arvensis X canina).
co
R. SEMPERVIRENS, Linn.--South Europe.
R. scandens, Miller.
R. prostrata, DC.
R. longicuspis, Bert. —India.
4. R. LEsCHENAULTIANA, Wight & Arn.—Neilgherries.
e
R. MOSCHATA, Herm.—S. Europe, N. Africa, Asia.
R. Brunonis, Lindl.
R. Pissardi, Carriére—Persia.
R. abyssinica, R. Br.— Abyssinia.
R. nivea, Duport.
(moschata x gallica).
6. R. PHÆŒNICEA, Boiss.—Orient.
R. byzantina, Dieck.
( phanicea x gallica).
7. R. MULTIFLORA, Thunb.—Japan.
R. Lucie, Franch. & Savat.
R. anemoneflora, Fortune.
(multiflora x Banksie).
R. polyantha, Hort.
(multiflora X indica).
8. R. WICHURÆANA, Crépin—Japan.
Wichureana x rugosa and
many others.
9. R. WATSONINANA, Crépin—Japan.
10. R. seriGEnA, Michx.—N. America.
setigera x gallica.
ll. R. srvrosa, Desv.— Europe.
(R. systyla, Bast.)
R. virginea, Ripart.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES. 73
) SUBSPECIES
PRIMARY SPECIES, > PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIES.
Group III. Banksianæ.
12. R. BAxxsrz, R. Br.— China.
R. lutea, Hort.
R. Collettit, Crépin—Birma.
R. Fortuneana, Lindl.
( Banksic x levigata).
13. R. Microcarpa, Lindl.— China,
(R. indica, L., ex parte.)
14. R. LÆVIGATA, Michx.— China.
(R. sinica, Lindl., non Ait.)
Anemone (lævigata X indica).
Marie Leonidas
(levigata X bractescens).
Group IV. Bracteatæ.
15. R. invotucrata, Roxb.—Ind. Or.
(R. Lyellii, Lindl.)
(E. clinophylla, Thory.)
16. R. BRAcTESCENS, Wendl.—China.
CR. lucida, Lawr. non Ehrh.)
Group V. Microphyllæ.
17. R. MICROPHYLLA, Lindl., non Retz.—China,
Group VI. Cinnamomeæ.
Old World.
18. R. CINNAMOMREA, Linn.— Europe, N. Asia.
(R. majalis, Herm.)
(R. davurica, Pallas.) R. francofurtana, Munch.
(R. turbinata, Ait.)
(cinnamomea X gallica).
19. R. MACROPHYLLA, Lindl.—-Himalayas, China.
(R. Davidi, Crépin.)
20. R. PnATTI, Hemsl.—Tibet.
21. R. SERICEA, Lindl. — Himalayas, &c.
(R. tetrapetala, Royle.)
22. R. WEBBIANA, Wall.—Himalayas.
23. R. ACICULARIS, Lindl.—N. Europe, N. Asia, N. America.
(R. carelica, Fries.)
(R. Gmelini, Bunga.)
(R. Engelmanni, S. Wats.)
R. nipponensis, Crépin.
74 MR. J. G. BAKER: A REVISED
SUBSPECIES
AND VARIETIES.
PRIMARY SPECIES. PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
Cinnamomeæ (cont.).
Old World.
24. R. LAXA, Retz. non Lindl.—Siberia.
25. R. FEDSCHENKOANA, Regel—Turkestan.
26, R. BEGGERIANA, Schrenk—Central Asia.
R. anserinefolia, Boiss.
27. R. ELYMArTICA, Boiss.—Persia.
bo
d
E
t. RUGOSA, Thunb.—Japan Ke.
R. kamschatica, Vent.
R, Twara, Sieb. & Zucc.
(rugosa x multiflora).
R. calocarpa, André.
(rugosa x indica),
and many others.
few World.
29. R. CAROLINA, Linn.—Eastern States.
(R. hudsoniana, Thory.)
30. R. viraintana, Miller, non K. Koch—Eastern States,
(R. lucida, Ehrh.)
9l. R. numis, Marsh.—Eastern States.
(R. parviflora, Ehrh.)
R. lancifolia, Small.
32. R. NITIDA, Willd.—North-eastern States.
33. R. FOLIOLOSA, Nutt.—Texas and Arkansas.
R. mexicana, S. Wats.—Mexico.
94. R. GYMNOCARPA, Nutt.— Western States.
35. R. CALIFORNICA, Cham. & Schlecht.—California.
R. piscicarpa, A. Gray.
36. R. Woopsr, Lindl.—Rocky Mountains.
37. R. Fenpiert, Crépin—Rocky Mountains.
38. R. NUTKANA, Presl—N.W. America.
Group VII. Spinosissime.
39. R. EGLANTERIA, Linn.—Orient.
(R. lutea, Miller.)
R. punicea, Miller.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES. 75
SUBSPECIFS
PRIMARY SPECIES. - PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIES.
40. R. HEMISPHÆRICA, Herm.— Orient.
(R. sulphurea, Ait.)
R. Rapini, Boiss,
41. R. PLATYACANTHA, Schrenk—Central Asia.
(R. xanthina, Lindl. ?, Crépin.)
R. Ece, Aitch.
42. R. SPINOSISSIMA, Linn.—Europe, N. Asia.
(R. pimpinellifolia, Linn.)
R. altaica, Willd.—Siberia.
(2. grandiflora, Lindl.)
R. Alberti, Regel—Turkestan.
R. myricantha, DC.—S. Europe.
R. hispida, Sims—Siberia,
(R. lutescens, Pursh.)
R. rubra, Hort,
R. rubella, Sm.
(R. gentilis, Sternb.)
(R. reversa, Waldst. & Kit.)
(spinosissima X alpina).
e. involuta, Sm.
(R. Sabini, Woods.)
(R. coronata, Crépin.)
CR. Robertsoni, Baker.)
(R. Wilsoni, Borr.)
(spinosissima X tomentosa).
R. dichroa, Leresch.
(spinosissima x mollis).
R. sabauda, Rapin.
(spinosissima X glauca).
R. hibernica, Sm.
(R. Schultzii, Ripart.)
(spinosissima X canina).
R. biturigensis, Boreau.
(spinosissima X rubiginosa).
43. R. ALPINA, Linn.—Central Europe.
R. pyrenaica, Gouan.
R. Malyi, Kerner.
R. oplisthes, Boiss.—Caucasus.
44. R. MINUTIFOLIA, Engelm.—S. California.
45. R. STELLATA, Wootton—New Mexico.
76 MH. J. G. BAKER: A REVISED
SUBSPECIES
PRIMARY SPECIES. PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIES.
Spinosissimæ (con/.)
46. R. BLANDA, Ait.—N. America.
(R. virginiana, K. Koch, non Miller.)
R. lava, Lindl., non Retz.
R. fraxinifolia, Borkh,
R. Willmottiana, Baker.
R. Sayi, Schwein.
R. arkansana, Porter.
blanda X rugosa.
Group VIII. Gallicane.
47. R. GALLICA, Linn.— Central and South Europe.
R. provincialis, Miller.
R. centifolia, Linn.
F. muscosa, Miller.
R. pomponia, DC.
R. parvifolia, Ehrh.
R. damascena, Miller.
R, bifera, Poir.
(gallica x moschata).
( R. arvina, Krock,
| R. geminata, Rau.
4 R. hybrida, Schleich.
| R. gallicoides, Baker.
LR. Polliniana, Spreng.
(gallica X arvensis).
48. R. sancta, A. Hich.—Abyssinia.
Group IX. Canine.
49. R. ixpicA, Linn. ex parte— China.
R. semperflorens, Curt.
. Lawrenceana, Sweet.
. odoratissima, Sweet.
. pseudo-indica, Lind],
. longifolia, Willd.
Naas
R. Bourboniana, Thory.
(indica x gallica).
| R. Noisettiana, Thory.
| R. floribunda, Andr.
(indica x moschata).
R, reclinata, Thory.
(indica x alpina).
R. Ruga, Lind).
(indica X arvensis).
CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES. 77
SUBSPECIES
PRIMARY SPECIES, PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIRS.
90. R. GIGANTEA, Collett—Upper Birma, &c.
51. R. CANINA, Linn.— Europe, West Asia.
. caucasica, Pall,
, dumalis, Bechst.
. urbica, Leman.
. dumetorum, Thuill.
. Montezume, H. b, K.
. obtusifolia, Desv.
and many others.
eU md y RS EDoRd
( R. alba, Linn.,
| R. incarnata, Miller,
4 R. collina, Jacq.,
| and many others.
| R. macrantha, Desf.
(canina x gallica).
52. R. evauca, Vill.—Europe.
(R. Reuteri, Rapin.)
R. subcristata, Baker.
R. coriifolia, Fries.
R. Watsoni, Baker.
and many others.
R. salevensis, Rapin.
(glauca x alpina).
53. R. TOMENTELLA, Leman—Europe.
54. R. FERRUGINEA, Vill.—Centrai Europe.
(R. rubrifolia, Vill.)
55. R. MONTANA, Chaix—Central Europe.
R. rhetica, Keller.
R. abietina, Gren.
R. Chavini, Rapin.
56. R. PovziNI, Tratt.—Southern Europe.
R. Diomedis, Gren.
R. Beatricis, Burn. & Gremli,
R. gallinaria, Burn. & Gremli.
Group X. Villosæ.
57. R. POMIFERA, Herm.—Central Europe.
(R. villosa, Linn., ex parte.)
R. recondita, Puget.
R. Dicksoni, Lindl.
( pomifera X cinnamomea).
78 A REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF ROSES.
SUBSPECIES
PRIMARY SPECIES, PRINCIPAL HYBRIDS.
AND VARIETIES.
Villosæ (con.).
58. R. MOLLIS, Sm.—Europe.
(R. mollissima, Fries, non Willd.)
59, R. ORIENTALIS, Dupont—Orient,
60. R. TOMENTOSA, Sm.—Europe.
R. subglobosa, Sm.
R. scabriuscula, Winch.
R. cinerascens, Dumort.
R. omissa, Déségl.
j spinulifolia, Demar.
R, hawrana, Knet.
(tomentosa x alpina).
R. Mareyana, Boul.
(tomentosa X gallica).
61. R. HEckELIANa, Tratt.—Sicily to Greece.
Group XI. Rubiginosz.
62. R. JuNDziLLI, Bess.— Central Europe.
(R. trachyphylla, Rau.)
63. R. nuniarNosa, Linn.—Europe.
R. jemensis, M. Schultz.
Lady Penzance
(rubiginosa X lutea)
and many others.
64. R. MICRANTHA, Sm.— Europe.
(E. nemorosa, Libert.)
R. micranthoides, Keller.
R. hungarica, Kerner.
R. Driggsii, Baker.
65. R. aGrestis, Savi—Central and Southern Europe.
(R. sepium, Thuill.)
R. elliptica, Tausch.
R. graveolens, Gren,
R. nodosa, Vries
(R. Klukii, Bess.).
R. caryophyllacea, Bess.
R. arabica, Crépin.
66. R. GLUTINOSA, Sibth. & Sm.--Orient.
R. sicula, Tratt.—-Sicily.
67. R. SERAPHINI, Viv.— Corsica.
68. R. FEROX, Bieb.—Crimea.
69. R. ASPERRIMA, Godet— Persia.
ON THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. "79
Geographical Distribution.—Five Roses are found south of
the Tropic of Cancer, viz.: A. moschata and R. sancta in Abys-
sinia, R. Leschenaultiana in the Neilgherries, and R. mexicana
and R. Montezume, H. B. K., in Mexico. The latter is only a
form of R. canina, so probably it has been introduced. In the
North Temperate Zone there are six well-marked Rose-regions,
a considerable proportion of the species inhabiting each being
endemie. These are:—(1) Europe, including North Africa;
(2) the Orient, excluding the European eountries included in
Boissier's * Flora Orientalis"; (3) Northern and Central Asia,
including China and Japan; (4) India; (5) Western United
States and Rocky Mountains; and (6) the Eastern United
States. Of these districts the richest in Roses is Europe with
North Africa, which has 29 species. North and Central Asia,
including China and Japan, closely follows it, with 26 species.
The other districts have much smaller numbers—the Asiatic
portion of the Orient having 18, India 9, the Western United
States 10, and the Eastern United States 6 species.
Contributions to the Elora of Liberia.
By Dr. Orro Starr, F.L.S.
[Read 16th March, 1905.]
Tu subject of this paper includes a number of new species, some
of them belonging to new genera, which were collected by
Mr. Alexander Whyte in the Republic of Liberia during several
expeditions undertaken by him last year on behalf of Sir H. H.
Johnston acting for the Monrovian Rubber Company. As I
wish to confine myself in this place to technical descriptions of
the novelties in Mr. Whyte's collections, I abstain from an
attempt to give a general account of the flora of Liberia,
reserving that for another occasion. It may suffice to say that
the collections were made in the following localities :—
(1) At Monrovia and in its vicinity, within a radius of 6 miles,
in February during the dry season, the ground being described
as covered with second forest-growth on abandoned farms, and
as flat with many lagoons and backwaters.
80 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
(2) In the hinterland of Monrovia, within a radius of 20 miles
of a place called Karkatown.
(3) In the basin of the Sinoe River, from Sinoe as far as
Soyos’ Town in the Kuru (or Kulu) country, about 80 miles
inland, in March and April, during a period of extremely hot
weather. “ Physical features of the country flat and covered with
dense virgin-forest, except where native gardens have been made
and where the forest-growth rushes up with amazing rapidity.
Rainfall very abundant; climate moist and humid all the year
round. Country under water in very wet weather and travelling
almost impossible, as no roads exist, or even traees of forest
footpaths.”
As there are no special labels with the specimens, I am
obliged to give the localities in a summary way. The collections
comprise over 260 species. To these Mr. D. Sim, an employee
in the service of the Monrovian Rubber Company, also con-
tributed; but as I have already described the novelties dis-
covered by him in * Flora of Tropical Africa,’ vol. iv. pp. 595-
610, his name does not appear in this paper*. Out of these 260
aud odd species I have to record 4 new genera and 58 new
species, or, including those described previously, 67 new species,
certainly a very considerable percentage. This will, however,
appear less surprising if we bear in mind that Liberia is, perhaps
with the exception of the French Ivory Coast, the least explored
part of the West-African littoral, and that up to 1904 not more
than about 200 species were known from the whole territory
of the Republic, the area of which is estimated at 36,800 square
miles, or a little more than two-thirds the area of England.
Moreover, almost the whole of the earlier collections were made
at Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, that is outside the districts
explored by Whyte and Sim. That Liberia is likely to yield a
great many new species is also suggested by the results of
Mr. Dinklage’s excursion to Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas in
1898, numerous new species having been described by the Berlin
botanists from his collections. At the same time, it must be
remarked that all the new species described here belong to types
of a higher order, characteristic of the West-African flora,
or extending over larger parts of the tropics. As might be
expected, Liberia, to judge by the little we know, presents itself
* See note on p. 115.
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. S1
as a section, with rather artificial boundaries, of the great natural
region which extends from the Senegal in the north to the
Kunene in the south. Its flora has, no doubt, a strong local
colouring, but it is rather of the specific than the generic
order. Its nearest affinity is, of course, with Sierra Leone,
and not a few of the species described here are representative
forms of that country. Even three of the four new genera
proposed by me are not endemic in Liberia. One, Urobotrya,
extends to Sierra Leone, whilst the other two, A£rovxima and
Afrodaphne, range over a stil greater portion of West Africa
aud comprise species hitherto referred to old genera.
Finally, I have to remark that the whole of Whyte’s and
Sim’s collections were presented to Kew by Sir H. H. Johnston,
and to thank Mr. C. B. Clarke and my colleagues Messrs. N. E.
Brown, T. A. Sprague, and C. H. Wright for their help in
working out certain orders, and Dr. James Clark for his assist-
ance in dissecting species which had to be taken into account for
purposes of comparison.
The sequence of genera is that of Bentham and Hookers
* Genera Plantarum.
Tetraceras leiocarpa, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis T. potatorie,
Afz., a qua differt imprimis carpellis glaberrimis vel pilis paucis
minutis aspersis, folliculis levissimis, arilo magis lacerato,
semine fere duplo majore.
Folia et panicule ut in T. potatoria nisi folia glabra vel subtus
parcissime pilosa. Sepala 5-9, late rotundato-elliptiea, majora
3 lin. longa, extus glabra vel sparse minute pubescentia margine
ciliata, intus sericeo-tomentosa. Petala 2-3, elliptica, caducis-
sima. Carpella circiter 4, glaberrima vel pilis paucis minutis
aspersa. Folliculi obovoidei, abrupte in cuspidem (stylum
persistentem) contracti, 3 lin. longi, lævissimi, nitidi, olivacei,
Semina subglobosa, ad 23 lin. dimetientia, testa rugosa, arillo
pallido ad vel ultra medium lacerato, laciniis tenuibus.
Karkatown, Whyte.
The follicles of T. potatoriu are very conspicuously sulcato-
striate, and the largest seed I have seen was only 14 lin. long.
Popowia Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis P. Vogelii, Baill.,
differt foliis firmioribus subtus vix glaucis, floribus sericeo-
tumentosis.
82 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
Ramuli floriferi 14 lin. crassi, cortice atro-cinereo. Folia
subelliptiea, obtusa, 33-6 poll. longa, 2-21 poll. lata, subcoriacea,
glabrescentia, supra pallide viridia, infra subglauca, nervis
lateralibus 8-9 obliquis venarum reticulatione tenui; petiolus
2 lim. longus, erassiusculus. Flores 2-5, fasciculati; pedicelli
bracteaque minute, fulvo-tomentoss. Sepala late ovata, tenuiter
tomentosa, 3 lin. paulo longiora. Petala exteriora vix 2 lin.
longa, extus tenuissime tomentella, interiora dimidio minora,
glabra, omnia crassa. Stamina 9 ; anthere subsessiles, connectivo
quadrato, obseure glanduloso, loculis lateralibus ; staminodia
nulla. Carpella numerosa, tomentosa, 2-ovulata.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
The leaves are, as in Popowia Vogelii, more or less pubescent
when young, the fine adpressed and scattered hairs disappearing
later on.
Kolobopetalum ovatum, Stapf (sp. nov.); affine K. auriculato,
Engl., sed foliis ovatis basi rotundatis integris, paniculis robusti-
oribus, filamentis 6 ad fere apicem in columnam brevissimam
connatis distinctum.
Planta glaberrima. Folia ovata, basi rotundata, abrupte in
acumen obtusiusculum contracta, ad 4 poll. longa, ad 22 poll.
lata, tenuia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5, infimis e basi ortis
uti venis vix prominulis. Panicule ad 8 poll. longe, divaricato-
ramoss, ramis infimis ad 2 poll. longis. Flores d minuti, 1-2
in axillis braetearum lanceolato-caudatarum 1 lin. longarum;
pedicelli pertenues, breves. Sepala 6, interiora longiora, late
elliptica, ad 1 lin. longa. Petala 6, obovata, apice rotundata,
exunguiculata, à lin. longa. Filamenta fere tota longitudine
connata; anther loculis confluentibus transverse dehiscentes,
valva interiore minore. Flores 9 fructusque ignoti.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Nymphza Lotus, Z., var. sinoéensis, Stapf (var. nov.). Folia
tenuia, integra. Flores vix 3 poll. diametro. Sepala extus ex
toto vel preter marginem album pulchre violacea, ad 14 poll.
longa, ad 5 lin. lata.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Alsodeia prasina, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis 4. Afzelii, Engl.,
differt floribus minoribus, calyce pro ratione majore, antherarum
appendiculo cochleariformi.
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 83
Planta glaberrima. Ramuli novelli pallide virides. Folia
oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi obtusa vel subaeuta, apice
acuminata, margine plerumque magis minusve serrata vel crenato-
serrata, ad 8 poll. longa, ad 3 poll. lata, subcoriacea, pallide
viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-10, venarum reticulatione
subtus laxa, supra plerumque aretiore ; petiolus ad 1 poll. longus.
Panicule ad 33 poll. longs, fere a basi ramos; rami infimis
exceptis 4 poll. vix excedentes; bracteæ parve, ovate, sub-
scariose ; pedicelli brevissimi. Sepala rotundato-ovata, interiora
ad 13 lin. longa, ciliolata, prominenter nervosa. Petala oblonga,
2 lin. longa. Staminum tubus brevis, truncatus, utrinque glaber ;
authere in tubi margine sessiles, eum connectivi appendice
exteriore ovato 1 lin. longæ, appendiculo interiore rhomboideo
cochleariformi.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Engler (in Bot. Jahrb. xxxiii. p. 140) enumerates Zenkers
no. 1778 from Bipinde under Alsodeia kamerunensis, Engl.,
which is described as having a 5-lobed staminal tube with
broad, deltoid, truncate lobes. The specimen at Kew from
Zenker’s collection, no. 1778, has a staminal tube very like that
of A. prasina, and it also resembles it in other respects; but it
differs in the nerves of the sepals not being raised and the
hairiness of the inner side of the staminal tube and the edges of
the bases of the thecæ.
Alsodeia Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis A. brachypetale,
Turez., sed foliis minoribus, petiolis brevioribus tenujoribus,
inflorescentiæ pubescentia tenuissima, antherarum thecis obscure
mueronatis, connectivi appendice latiore acuto differt.
Ramuli pallide virides, minute puberuli vel elabri. Folia
lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata, basi subaeuta,
margine magis minusve serrulata, 2-4 poll. longa, 14-2 poll.
lata, tenuia, utrinque glabra vel inferne in dorso sparse puberula,
pallide viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-9 uti venis tenuibus ;
petiolus gracilis, 4-9 lin. longus. Paniewle 12 poll. longe,
pubescentes, breviter ramos» ; bracteæ ovate vel lanceolate, ad
1 lin. longe; pedicelli ad 14 lin. longi. Sepala late ovata,
interiora ad 1j lin. longa, tenuiter pubescentia, margine albido-
ciliolato. Petala anguste ovato-oblonga, 2 lin. longa. Staminum
tubus brevis, truncatus; anthere in tubi margine sessiles, cum
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. H
84 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
connectivi appendice ovato-lanceolato acuto fere 1j lin. longe,
thecis minutissime mucronatis, mucrone pilosulo.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Alsodeia Johnstonei, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis A. kamerunensi,
Engl. (e descriptione), sed foliis tenuioribus lanceolatis, amoene
viridibus, nervis lateralibus intra marginem eleganter arcuato-
conneetis, paniculis ovatis brevioribus, andracii tubi lobis ovatis
distineta.
Ramuli juniores pubescentes, mox glabrati, fusci. Folia
lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi obtusa vel subacuta, acute
acuminata, magis minusve serrulata vel subcrenata, ad 7 poll.
longa, ad 2- -91 poll. lata, ameene viridia, tenuia, glabra, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8-12 tenuibus eleganter arcuato- connectis,
nervo eolleetivo 2-3 lin. a margine distante, venarum reticu-
latione tenui; petioli 21-5 lin. longi, pubescentes. — Panicule
terminales, cum pedunculo brevi 1-3 poll. longæ, densiuscule,
elabre vel subglabre ; bracteæ ovate, 1 lin. longe ; pedicelli ad 13
lin. longi. Sepala ovata, obtusa, 11-21 lin. longa, tenuiter albo-
marginata, ceterum exsiccata fusco-nigrescentia, glabra. Petala
oblonga, 2-8 lin. longa. Andræcii tubus brevis, 5-lobatus, lobis
brevibus ovatis; anthere intra lobos tubi sessiles, cum con-
nectivi appendice lanceolato-acuto 2 lin. longs, thecis ad apices
contiguis. Capsula 9 lin. longa, glabra, apiculato-acuminata.
Semina ambitu triangulari-obovata, compressa, ad 3 lin. longa.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Oncoba brevipes, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis O. glauce, Hook. f.
(quoad plantam Beauvaisianam), sed foliis ad vel supra medium
latissimis abrupte latiuscule obtuse acuminatis, breviter petiolatis,
floribus haud earmineis diametro 4-5 poll. distincta.
Planta glaberrima, novellis resinosis. Folia elliptico-oblonga
vel obovato-oblonga, subito in acumen brevem obtusum contracta,
basi acuta, ad 7 poll. longa, ad 3} poll. lata, pallide viridia, haud
glauca, nervis lateralibus obliquis utrinque 8-9, venis laxe
reticulatis obscuris; petiolus 3-1 poll. longus. Racemi 2-3-
flori, brevissime pedunculati; pedicelli subrobusti, ad 1j poll.
longi. Petala circiter 10-12, obovato-lanceolata, cum ungue ad
2 poll. longo, ut videtur alba. Anthere acute, 24 lin. longe.
Near Monrovia, Whyte.
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 85
ATnOXIMA *, Stapf (gen. nov. Polygalacearum).
Aflinis. Carpolobie, G. Don, differt petalis subæqualibus,
infimo haud naviculari, fruetu duro, pericarpio crustaceo, semini-
bus endospermate destitutis.
Sepala 5 structura simillima, magnitudine inequalia, interiora
majora. Petala 5, subæqualia, lanceolata, haud unguiculata,
infimum quam estera vix vel paulo latius et ut ea leviter con-
"avum, ima basi tubo staminali adnatum, duo summa multo
altius et oblique adnata intusque infra medium sericeo-villosa.
Stamina 5, monadelphia, tubo staminali in latere superiore tota
longitudine fisso; anther sessiles vel filamentis distinctis
insideutes. Ovarium sessile, 3-loeulare, loculis l-ovulatis ;
stylus filiformis; stigma punctiforme. — Fructus subglobosus,
durus; pericarpium crustaceum (more Xanthophylli). | Semina
subglobosa; testa tenuiter molliter pilosula ; endosperma
nullum, Embryo cotyledonibus crassis sectione transversa
subsemiorbicularibus.
Arbuseula vel frutices, glabre. Folia alterna, coriacea.
Flores in racemis plerumque gracilibus longiuseulis axillaribus,
'arius paniculati.
Species note 4 in Africa tropica occidentali.
A. liberica, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis A. macrostachye, Stapt
(Carpolobia macrostachya, Chod.), sed foliis majoribus magis
conspicue reticulatis, breviter petiolatis, inflorescentiis fori-
busque preter sepala ciliolata glabris distincta.
Ramuli graciles, cortice pallido. Folia oblonga, aeuta vel
subobtusa, apice subcaudato-acuminata acumine obliquo, 4—6 poll.
longa, 14-27 poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea, nervis lateralibus utrin-
que cireiter 6 valde obliquis areubus a margine 2-3 lin, distan-
tibus connectis, reticulatione venarum arcta utrinque conspicua
prominula ; petioli erassiusculi, nigrescentes, 2 lin, longi,
Racemi solitarii vel bini in axillis foliorum, circiter 2 poll.
longi; bractez late ovate, minute ; pedicelli 1 lin. longi. Sepala
lite ovata, obtusa, minute ciliolata, interiora 9 lin, longa.
Petala 3 lin. longa. Anthere sessiles.
Sinos Basin, Whyte.
* arpotimos, not eatable; in allusion to the fruit,
H2
86 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
The other species which I refer to A£rozima are :—
1. A. Afzeliana, Stapf (= Carpolobia Afzeliana, Oliver, in Fl.
Trop. Afr. i. p. 186); 2. A. macrostachya, Stapf (= Carpolobie
macrostachya, Chod. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. p. 117); 9. 4. Zen-
keri, Stapf (=Carpolobia Zenkeri, Gürke, MS.). As the latter
is still undescribed, I add here a short diagnosis :—
Atroxima Zenkeri, Stapf (sp. nov.). Kamuli graciles. Folia
elliptico-oblonga, basi breviter contracta acuta, apice abrupte
acuminata, ad 54 poll. longa, ad 2 poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea,
nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 7 uti venarum reticulatione
tenuibus indistincte arcuato-connectis ; petioli subgraciles, 2—
3 lin. longi. — Racemi 1-4 in axillis foliorum vel in ramulis
nonnullis ob folia (rudimentaria ?) premature decidua quasi in
paniculas collecti, griseo-pubescentes. Flores non nisi ex
alabastris noti. Fructus 4 poll. diametro; pericarpium extus
opacum, fusco-fulvum, intus nitens, 4-2 lin. crassum. Semina
3 lin. diametro.
Cameroons: in primeval forest near Bipinde, Zenker, 1240.
The fruit of Carpolobia, as represented by the species C. alba,
D. Don, and C. lutea, D. Don, is a true berry. The globose or
subglobose seeds are covered with a rieh silky tomentum, and
possess an ample, fleshy albumen. The embryo consists of a
very short subclavate radicle and two very thin foliaceous
cotyledons almost as long and as wide as the seed.
Garcinia epunctata, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis G. punctate,
Oliver, differt foliorum glandulis eanaliformibus nervos secun-
darios venasque transgredientibus longis tenuibus subundulatis
(haud punetiformibus vel striiformibus), pedicellis robustioribus
distinetis, floribus paulo majoribus, sepalis interioribus magni-
tudine minus diversis, phalangibus circiter 8-nas anthera
gerentibus.
Folia oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, basi acuta, apice abrupte
caudato-acuminata (acumine ad 3 poll. longo), ad. 5 poll. longa, ad
velultra2 poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea, nervissecundariis numerosis,
circiter 1 lin. distantibus obliquis ut venis tenuibus, glandulis
canaliformibus nervos venasque transgredientipus longis tenuibus
subundulatis, petiolus 2-3 lin. longus. Flores solitarii vel
geminati; bracteæ parvule, late; pedicelli 1 lin. longi. Sepala
4 rotundata, pallide viridia, venosa, interiora majora, 9 lin.
diametro. Petala 4 rotundato-elliptica, saturate lutea, ad 4 lin.
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 87
longa. Stamina (in d) in phalanges 4 antheras circiter 8-nas
arcte approximatas distinctas gerentes collecta. | Ovarium (in 9 )
turbinato-globosum, 11 lin. longum ; stigma discoideum, margine
minutissime crenulatum.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
The differenees in the glandular system of the leaves of
Garcinia punctata and G. epunctata are very striking, and can,
without further preparation, be seen in young leaves by holding
them up against strong light.
Hibiscus Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis H. lunariifolio,
Willd., differt bracteis epicalycis semper 10 angustis a basi sub-
linearibus, corolla minore 14 poll. longitudine vix excedente.
Caulis superne pilis stellatis conspersus, demum glabrescens.
Folia intermedia deltoideo-ovata vel ovata, basi rotundata vel
subtruncata, acuta vel in acumen lineare producta, crenato-den-
tata dentibus alternis multo majoribus binis ad diametrum folii
maximum positis magis minusve productis, 13-33 poll. longa
lataque, utrinque pilis aut stellatis aut simplicibus parce con-
spersa; petioli graciles, 4 ad ultra 1 poll. longi, pubescentes ;
stipuli laneeolati, 3 lin. longi. Folia floralia ovato-lanceolata
vel lanceolata, basi acuta vel subeuneata, quam intermedia minora,
breviter petiolata, ezeterum illis similia. Pedicelli 2-5 lin. longi,
primo dense stellato-pilosi, demum subglabrati. Bractee epi-
calycis 10, a basi sublineares, superne sensim attenuate, 5-7 lin.
longe, 1-14 lin. late, sparse stellato-pilose. ^ Calyv 7-8 lin.
longus, profunde 5-fidus, segmentis late oblongis acuminatis
2-3 lin.latis extus sparse stellato-pilosis intus villoso-tomentosis.
Petala obovata, 14 poll. longa, e siecato lutea, basi purpureo-
maculata, extus molliter pubescentia. Capsula ovoideo-globosa,
fulvo-strigoso-tomentosa, submatura 7 lin. longa.
Within 20 miles of Karkatown, Whyte.
Gomphia amplectens, Stapf(sp. nov.); affinis G. Mannii, Oliver,
differt foliorum auriculis magnis ultra basin petioli productis
post eum imbrieatis et simul ramulum amplectentibus, floribus
paniculatis, sepalis sub maturitate majoribus.
Folia lanceolata, basi auriculato-cordata auriculis magnis ultra
basin petioli productis post eum imbricatis et simul ramulum
amplectentibus, acuminata, margine supra medium minute ser-
rulata, ad fere 1 ped. longa, ad 3 poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea,
costa supra prominente utrinque linea impressa addita, nervis
88 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
lateralibus utrinque circiter 16 prorsus curvatis obliquis supra
prominulis, venis inconspicuis ; petiolus crassus 3 lin. longus.
Inflorescentia paniculata, semipedalis, ramis ad 22 poll. longis
subpatulis. Flores sub anthesi ignoti, plerumque 3-ni, fasciculati,
fasciculis superioribus 3-2 lin. distantibus; pedicelli 6-7 lin.
longi, 1-2 lin. supra basin disartieulati. Sepala oblonga, sub-
obtusa, sub maturitate 6-7 lin. longa, ad 3 lin. lata, patentia.
Fructus ignotus.
Within 20 miles from Karkatown.
Gomphia subcordata, Stapf(sp. nov.) ; affinis G. congesta, Oliver
(quoad plantam e Sierra Leone), sed foliis basi subcordatis,
petiolo erassissimo, ramulis et pedunculis (ima basi excepta)
stipulis aphyllis destitutis.
Folia late lanceolata vel oblongo-laneeolata, acuta, basi sub-
cordata, margine fere a basi minute serrata, ad 6 poll. longa, ad
23 poll. lata, coriacea, costa supra distincte infra vix prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 10 subpatulis prorsus arcuatis
supra prominulis, venis ineonspieuis; petiolus crassissimus, ad
3 lin. longus. Racemi suberecti, 4 ped. longi pedunculo 1 poll.
longo incluso, rhachi subgracili. Flores sub anthesi ignoti,
inferne circiter 6-ni fasciculati, fasciculis inferioribus 3-6 lin.
distantibus; pedicelli 5-6 lin. longi, 1-1 lin. supra basin disarti-
eulati. Sepala sub maturitate ovato-oblonga, obtusa, 4-5 lin.
longa, 23-8 lin. lata, patula. Fructus (submaturus) fere globo-
sus, 2 lin. diametro.
Within 20 miles of Karkatown, Whyte.
Olax major, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis O. Mannii, Oliver, differt
foliis minus acuminatis, floribus duplo majoribus.
Planta glaberrima. Ramali virides. Folia elliptica vel late
lanceolata, symmetrica vel asymmetrica, basi obtusa vel sub-
acuta, magis minusve acuminata, 34-5 poll. longa, 13-2 poll.
lata (acumine 2-6 lin. longo), subcoriacea, utrinque viridis,
nervis secundariis utrinque circiter 6 obliquis tenuibus areuato-
connectis arcubus circiter 2 lin. a margine distantibus, venis
tenuissimis inconspicuis ; petioli 1-2 lin. longi. Racemi ad 4 lin.
longi, interdum brevissimi, fasciculiformes, ad 7-flori, basi bracteis
paucis vel numerosis squamiformibus vacuis muniti; bractez
florales ovate vel lanceolate, 4 lin. longs: pedicelli 4—3 lin.
longi. Calyx brevissime cupularis, truncatus. Petala linearia,
subacuta, 4 lin. longa. Stamina perfecta 8, 2 alternipetala,
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 89
loppositipetalum : stamina antheris effotis 5, 4 oppositipetala,
lalternipetalum ; filamenta petalis fere tota longitudine adnata,
bullata (imprimis staminum imperfectorum).
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
The petals of Olax Mannii are under 2 lin. long.
Uroporrya, Stapf (gen. nov. Olaeacearum).
Affinis Opilie, Roxb., sed toto habitu, racemis longissimis,
disco annulari indiviso, filamentis quam petalis duplo longioribus
distincta.
Calyx ad marginem obscurum redactus. Petala 4-5, valvata
tandem libera et reflexa. Stamina petalis opposita, hvpogyna,
filamentis eapillaribus longissimis ; anthers ovoides, basi affixe.
Discus annularis, crassus, undulatus vel truncatus. Ovarium
l-loeulare; stigma stylo brevi imposito vel sessile, parvum ;
ovulum 1, e placenta ascendente ex apice loculi pendulum.
Fructus mihi ignotus; a Dryandro bacca descripta.
Frutices glabri, nisi interdum racemorum rhachides pubes-
centes. Folia subcoriacea vel membranacea. Racemi longi, pen-
duli; braetez nulle vel hyaline. Flores fasciculati, pedicellati.
U. angustifolia, Stapf (sp. nov.).
Frutex glaberrimus. Folia lineari-lanceolata vel oblonga,
acuminata, basi acuta, 6 poll. longa, 1-2 poll. lata, subcoriacea,
nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 7-8 tenuibus uti venis
ineonspieuis vel exsiccando prominulis; petioli crassiusculi, ad
21 lin. longi. Racemi ad 10 poll. longi, ebraeteati; pedicelli
graciles, 3 poll. longi. Petala ovato-oblonga, subaeuta, 12 lin.
longa. Filamenta 3 lin. longa. Stigma sessile.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte; near the St. Paul's
River, 60 miles inland, Reynolds. Also in Sierra Leone, Smeath-
man. It is the fruit of the latter which was described by
Dryander as baccate in a note in the herbarium of the British
Museum.
U. latifolia, Stapf (sp. nov.).
Frutex racemis exceptis glaber. Folia late elliptica, basi ro-
tundata, apice breviter acuminata, 5 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata,
fere membranacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5, curvatis, tenui-
bus distinctis, venis inconspicuis. Racemi ad 8 poll. longi,
braeteati; rhachis minute pubescens; braetes ovate, acute,
i-3 lin. longs, hyaline, viridi-flavescentes. pedicelli gracillimi,
*
90 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
2 lin. longi. Petala 1 lin. longa. ovato-oblonga, obtusa. Stigma
sessile.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Professor Engler mentions, in * Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien,'
Nachtr. p. 143, under Opilia a species with long pendulous
racemes which he calls O. Afzelii. It is evidently a species of
Urobotrya; but, in the absence of a description, I am not
able to identify it. Another species of the same genus was col-
leeted by Kalbreyer near Victoria, Cameroons. I add here its
description :—
Urobotrya minutiflora, Stapf (sp. nov.).
Frutex glaberrimus, 4-6-pedalis. Rami virides. Folia ob-
longa vel elliptica vel ovato-oblonga, acuminata, basi rotundata,
4-6 poll. longa, 13-2 poll. lata, firme membranacea, pallide
viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-7 obliquis sub margine in-
distincte arcuato-connectis tenuibus, venis inconspicuis ; petiolus
erassiuseulus, 1-12 lin. longus. Racemi gracillimi, ad 8 poll.
longi, ebracteati; pedicelli gracillimi, 2 lin. longi, 4-6-ni. Petala
late oblonga, obtusiuscula, } lin. longa, viridia. Filamenta ad
3 lin. longa. Ovarium in stylum brevem productus.
In shady bush, near Victoria, Cameroons, Kalbreyer.
Iodes reticulata, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis Z. africane, Welw.,
differt foliis breviter petiolatis, eximie reticulatis, inflorescentia
fulvo-tomentosa.
Rami scandentes, fulvo-pubescentes; fibrilli extra-axillares.
Folia ovato-elliptica vel obovato-oblonga, acute acuminata, basi
rotundata vel subcordata, sepe asymmetrica, 23-5 poll. longa,
11-21 poll. lata, membranacea, subtus paulo pallidiora, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circiter 6 curvatis obliquis uti venarum reti-
culatione arcta utrinque prominulis ; petioli 3 lin. longi, fulvo-
pilosi. Panicule sspe dichotome subcorymbose, pedunculo
1-2 poll. longo suffultz, terminales, interdum nonnullis minori-
bus e foliorum summorum axillis additis, fulvo-tomentose,
bracteæ minimze; pedicelli 4 lin. longi. Calyx 4-fidus, segmentis
minutis. Corolla 4-fida, extus pubescens, ad 23 lin. diametro,
segmentis ovatis subacutis.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Ampelocissus gracilipes, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis 4. salmonea,
Planch., sed indumento tenui, pedicellis gracilibus glabrescen-
tibus, corollis longioribus distinctus.
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 91
Planta scandens. | Ramuli novelli einnamomeo-floccoso- vel
araneoso-tomentell, mox glabrescentes; cirri dichotomi, longi.
Folia late cordato-ovata vel subpentagono-cordata, acute acumi-
nata, sinu lato, margine serrato-crenata, ad 6 poll. longa, ad
5 poll. lata, membranacea, in gemma dorso cinnamomeo-tomen-
tosa, citissime glabrescentia indumento parco araneoso persistente,
hine inde purpurascentia, e basi 5-nervia, nervis lateralibus e costa
ortis utrinque 4-5 omnibus uti venis tenuibus; petioli paulo
ultra 2 poll. longi, graciles. Panicule oppositifolie, pedunculo
ad 44 poll. longo suffulte, densiflora, ad 14 poll. longs, 2 poll.
late, ramo infimo in cirrum dichotomum commutato, ramis
ramulisque primo cinnamomeo-araneosis cito glabratis; bracteæ
ovate, tenuiter membranacez, ad 1 lin. long ; pedicelli graciles,
ad 1 lin. longi. Calyx patelliformis, } lin. diametro, glaber.
Petala 5, oblonga, cucullata, ad 1 lin. longa, glabra. Stamina 5.
Ovarium 10-suleatum ; stylus brevissimus, late conicus.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte (flores & ).
Eriocelum pendulum, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis Æ. racemoso,
Baker, differt floribus multo minoribus, racemis flexuoso-pendulis
longissimis.
Rami juniores fusco-hirtelli, mox glabrescentes. Folia 2-3-
juga; rhachis 13-2 poll. longa, fulvo-hirtella, glabrescens ;
foliola infima ad rhachis basin quam reliqua multo minora
ceterum iis simillima, intermedia et summa oblonga vel lanceo-
lato-oblonga, interdum subobliqua, acuminata, basi subacuta
vel obtusa, 21-4 poll. longa, 11-14 poll. lata, chartacea, preter
costam sparse adpresse hirtellam glabra, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 8-9 prorsus curvatis uti venarum retieulatione tenui
subtus prominula; petioluli 1-2 lin. longi. Racemi pedales,
graciles, flexuoso-penduli, densiflori, ex toto fulvo-hirtelli ; rhachis
fere filiformis, a basi florifera; bracteæ lanceolate, parve; pedi-
celli i-i lin. longi, fasciculati. Sepala ovata, subacuta, fulvo-
hirtella, 4 lin. longa. Petala anguste lanceolata, 1 lin. longa.
Filamenta 13 lin. longa.
Near Monrovia, Whyte.
Deinbollia polypus, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis D. insigni,
Hook. f., sed foliolis angustioribus, basi magis acutatis tenu-
issime acuminatis, panicula exsiecando nigrescente, floribus paulo
minoribus pedicellis medio articulatis, staminibus paucioribus
differt.
Foliola lanceolata, tenuissime acuminata, basi acutata, ad
92 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
8 poll. longa, ad 23 poll. lata (acumine angusto ad 4 poll. longo),
chartacea, glaberrima, exsiccata supra saturate viridia, subtus
fuscescentia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-9 obliquis tenuibus
uti venarum retieulatione utrinque (imprimis subtus) eleganter
prominulis; petioluli 1 lin. longi. Paniculæ ad 7 poll. long: :
rhachis stricta, glabra vel parcissime papilloso-puberula papillis
minutissimis; rami divaricati, ad 4 poll. longi; flores numerosi
fasciculati in ramulis 1-2 lin. longis minutissime papilloso-
puberulis; bractez lanceolate, minute ; pedicelli ? lin. longi,
medio artieulati. Calyx 3 lin. longus, sepalis rotundato-
ellipticis dorso parce papilloso-puberulis cæterum glabris.
Petala elliptico-oblonga, basi in unguem attenuata marginibus
ad constrictionem inflexa, 2 lin. longa. Stamina 10; filamenta
pilosa, ad 14 lin. longa; antheræ 4 lin. longs.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
The name Deinbollia polypus was chosen in allusion to the
numerous persistent pedicel-bases at the ends of the short
branchlets of the panicle. The flowers of D. insignis are on the
whole less numerous, although they appear just as crowded as in
D. polypus, on account of their being larger and supported by
stouter pedicels. The latter are, moreover, articulated close to
the base.
Bersama leiostegia, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis B. paullinioides,
Baker (quoad plantam e Sierra Leone), differt foliolis firmioribus
basi obtusis, stipulis multo longioribus lanceolato-acuminatis
marginibus ciliolatis exceptis glaberrimis, pedicellis calycibusque
parce pubescentibus.
Jamuli glabri, robusti. Folia 6-8-juga; rhachis magis
minusve interrupte alata alis interdum angustissimis, 1 ped.
longa vel ultra; foliola infima 13-24 poll. supra rhachis basin
sita, oblonga, anguste acuminata acumine lineari 6 lin. longo,
basi obtusa vel rotundata, ad 5 poll. longa, ad 2 poll. lata, firme
membranacea, glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque cirea 11 tenui-
bus, venarum reticulatione utrinque prominula; petioluli vix
l lin. longi; stipule lanceolat:e, acuminate, marginibus exceptis
glaberrims, ad 14 lin. longe. Racemi rigidi, fere 6 in. longi ;
rhachis ad 13 poll. a basi nuda, superne parce pilosula ;
bracteæ subulatz, laxe pilose; pedicelli tenuiter parce pubes-
centes, ad 3 lin. longi. Calyx 2 lin. longus, parce pubescens ;
lobi ovati, subobtusi, infimi duo fere ad apicem connati. Petala
oblonga cum ungue 4-5 lin. longa, lamina fulvo-cinerea tomen-
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 93
tella reflexa. Stamina 4; filamenta per paria basi connata,
lanceolata, pubescentia. Ovarium 4-loculare, sericeo-tomen-
tosum, in stylum superne glabrum contractum.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Spiropetalum triplinerve, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis S. hetero-
phyllo, Gilg, differt foliis 3-4-jugis, foliolis supra subglaucis
subtus einnamomeis triplinervibus (7. e. nervis secundariis infimis
2 fere a basi ortis, ceteris perpaucis remotis), venis transversis
subhorizontalibus utrinque eleganter prominulis.
Ramuli florifert robusti, primo minutissime ferrugineo -
tomentelli, deinde glabrescentes, cortice fuscescente. Folia
3-4-jugi ; rhachis 2 ad fere 4 poll. longa, tenuissime pubescentia,
deinde glabrescens ; foliola oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, breviter
acuminata, basi subacuta vel obtusa, ad 2 poll. longa, 1 poll.
lata, coriacea, supra glabra, subtus in costa tenuiter pubescentia
exterum glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 admodum obliquis
tertio a secundo longe remoto, venis utrinque prominulis ;
petioluli 1-1j lin. longi, tomentelli. Racemi densi, sepe
compacti, solitarii vel fasciculati, }-1} poll. longi, a basi flori-
feri ubique fulvo-velutini ; braetes ovate, parve; pedicelli
brevissimi. Calyw 13-1? lin. longus, ad medium 5-partitus,
segmentis oblongo-ovatis obtusis. Petala lorato-linearia e basi
latiore, ad 5 lin. longa. Stamina longiora calyce breviora.
Carpella velutino-tomentosa cum stylis calycem sequantia.
Near Monrovia, Whyte.
Connarus libericus, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis C. floribundo,
Schum. & Thonn., differt imprimis inflorescentia, nempe pani-
culis brevibus gracilibus plerumque racemiformibus versus
ramorum apices fasciculatis.
fami floriferi robusti, cortice cinerascente lenticellato. Folia
circiter 4-juga, glaberrima; rhachis 3-4 poll. longa, teres;
foliola elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, subabrupte acuminata, basi
obtusa vel subacuta, 24-8 poll. longa, 14-14 poll. lata, tenuiter
coriacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 5 valde obliquis,
venis transversis tenuissimis; petioluli 2 lin. longi. Panicule
13-2 poll. longze, sepe racemiformes vel saltem ramis longioribus
paucis, a j—l poll. supra basin divisæ, tenuiter ferrugineo-
pubescentes, graciles, fasciculate, numeross versus ramorum
apices; bractez minimz; pedicelli ad 1 lin. longi, graciles,
medio artieulati. Calya vix 1 lin. longus, profunde 5-partitus,
segmentis ovatis subobtusis tenuiter pubescentibus. Petala
94 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
lanceolato-ligulata, 3 lin. longa, ? lin, lata. Stamina majora
calycem :wquantia. Carpella sericeo-villosula, cum stylis gra-
cillimis 14-1} lin. longa.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Connarus Reynoldsii, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis C. floribundo,
Schum. et Thonn., differt foliis conspicue nervosis, inflorescentiis
axillaribus et terminalibus quam foliis brevioribus densissimis,
petalis longioribus, staminibus stylisque multo brevioribus.
Frutex ramis cortice brunneo tectis multi-lentieellatis. Folia
3-4-juga ; rhachis gracilis tenuiter rufo- vel fulvo-pubescens vel
tomentella; ima juga circiter 2 poll. a basi distantia; foliola
oblonga vel elliptieo-oblonga, breviter acuminata aeumine cuspi-
dato, basi rotundata vel subacuta, 2-32 poll. longa, 3-14 poll.
lata, coriacea, supra glaberrima, nitidula, infra in costa nervisque
magis minusve tenuiter fulvo-pubescentia esterum fere glabra,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 2-3 valde obliquis et prorsus curvatis,
venarum retieulatione laxa prominula; petioluli tomentelli,
lj lin. longi. Panicule numerose in foliorum axillis et ad
ramorum apices dense congeste, cirea 2 poll. longe, densiflore,
fulvo-velutine ; braetez ovate vel lanceolate, acute, pedicellos
2-12 lin. longos paullo superantes. Calyw fulvo-velutinus,
12 lin. longus, ad medium 5-lobus, lobis ovatis subacutis vel
obtusiuseulis. Petala anguste lorato-linearia, superne longe
attenuata et erispo-undulata, circiter 7-8 lin. longa, ad 14 lin.
lata. Stamina perfecta 10; longiorum filamenta paulo ultra
13 lin. longa, breviorum duplo breviora, Carpella 5, fulvo-
tomentella, eum stylis parum brevioribus vix ? lin. longa,
stigmata subdisciformia. Ovula 2, collateralia.
Liberia, near the St. Paul’s River, about 70 miles from the
coast, H. Reynolds.
Dalbergia Ecastaphyllum, Taub., forma trifoliolata, Stapf, a
typo differt foliolis 3, terminali quam lateralibus multo majore.
Foliorum rhachis 1-14 poll. longa; foliola oblonga vel ovato-
oblonga, basi rotundata, apice sensim breviter acuminata, ter-
minali ultra 6 poll. longa, ad 2? poll. lata, lateralia minora,
coriacea, supra opaca, subtus subglaucescentia, pilis minutissimis
sparsis adpressis, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 9, ceeterum
ut in typo. Flores in specie majusculi, ceterum ut in typo.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
This is a rather striking form, which might be taken at the
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 95
first glance for a distinct species; but the structure and general
aspect of the leaflets (apart from the size) and of the flowers are
absolutely as in Dalbergia Ecastaphyllum. The only other
pinnate-leaved specimens of D. Ecastaphyllum examined by me
are from Liberia (Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Dinklage, 1986) and the
Cameroons (Zenker, 2153). In these the leaflets are exactly
(also in size) like those of the typical unifoliolate leaves of
D. Ecastaphyllum. They were, probably on account of the
number of leaflets, distributed as D. Monetaria, which has
glabrous glossy long acuminate leaflets with a more marked
venation. I have seen no examples of D. Monetaria from
Africa, Heudelot’s specimens quoted under this name in ‘ Flora
of Tropical Africa,’ ii. p. 236, belonging to a distinct species,
for which I propose the name D. Heudelotit, Stapf. I add a
description of it :—
Dalbergia Heudelotii, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis D. Ecastaphyllo,
Taub., differt foliis normaliter 3-7-foliolatis, fructibus asym-
metrice obovatis majoribus crassioribus sublignosis, bullatis,
ferrugineo-velutinis.
Frutex ramis cinerascentibus vel fuscescentibus. Folia 3- vel
sepius 5- rarius 7-foliolata ; rhachis ad 34 poll. longa, tenuiter
ferrugineo-pubescens, demum glabrata; foliola ovata vel elliptica,
breviter obtuseque acuminata vel subobtusa, basi rotundata,
terminale maximum ad 6 poll. longum, ad 34 poll. latum, supra
glabra arcte tenuiterque reticulata, subtus pallide fuscescentia,
pilis minutissimis adpressis aspersa, nervis lateralibus (in ma-
joribus) utrinque 8-10 prorsus arcuatis tenuibus uti venis
prominulis; petioluli 2-3 lin. longi. Racemi vel paniculi pauci-
ramosi ad 14 poll. longi, ubique rufo-villosuli; bracteæ bracteo-
leque minute, oblonge ; pedicelli ad 13 lin. longi. Calyæ 13 lin.
longus, breviter perlate dentatus, rufo-tomentosus. Corolla 5 lin.
longa, petalorum unguibus demum e calyce exsertis; vexilli
lamina late orbieulari-ovata, 2-loba. Legumen immaturum dense
rufo- vel fulvo-tomentosum marginibus latis undulatis, maturum
asymmetrice obovatum, ad lj poll. longum, ad 10 Jin. latum,
uno latere convexum, bullatum, ferrugineo-velutinum, sutura
incrassata, valvis ad 2 lin. crassis lignosis; stipes tenuis fere
2 lin. longus. Semen unicum.
Senegambia, Rio Nunez, Heudelot, 623. Sierra Leone, Kah-
reni, Scott Elliot, 5626*, Without precise locality, Afzelius.
D. Monetaria, Linn. f., differs in having glabrous (in the
96 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
typical form), distinctly and often long acuminate leaves, and
glabrous, neither undulate nor bullate fruits.
Ostryocarpus major, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis O. ripario,
Hook. f., differt foliolis 7-foliolatis, foliolorum venis utrinque
plane ineonspieuis, panieule ramis longioribus, floribus paulo
majoribus.
Folia T-foliolata; rhachis gracilis, basi incrassata, circiter
4 poll. longa, glabra; foliola infima 3 poll. supra basin, terminale
elliptieum, breviter aeuminatum, basi subobtusum, 34 poll.
longum, 2 poll. latum, coriaceum, glaberrimum, nervis later-
alibus utrinque 5-6 obliquis pertenuibus, venis plane incon-
spicuis ; petiolulus 3j lin. longus. Panicule pedales, breviter
pedunculate, ubique dense tenuissime ferrugineo-pubescentes ;
rhachis subrobusta, curva; rami racemos densos exhibentes ad
2 poll. longi, patuli; bractew ad ramorum bases mox deeilusm,
ad pedicellos vix ullæ ; bracteole ad calycum bases 2, minute;
pedicelli inferiores sspe geminati, graciles, 1-14 lin. longi.
Calyx obovoideus, 2-23 lin. longus, eodem indumento induto ae
rhachis et ramis panieule, dentibus latissime brevissime tri-
angularibus. Corolla 5-53 lin. longa, exsiecando nigrescens ;
vexillum orbiculare, emarginatum, brevissime unguiculatum ;
ale et carina vexillo æquilongæ, unguibus 2 lin. longis. Sta-
minum tubus 33 lin. longus. Ovarium dense minute pubescens ;
ovula 8.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Macrolobium obliquum, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis JM. diphyllo,
Harms, differt folis 7-jugis, floribus majoribus, longius pedi-
cellatis.
Folia 7-juga; rhachis ad 10 poll. longa, basi incrassata, atro-
ferrugineo-hirtella, demum glabrescens ; foliola ima 3 poll. supra
rhachidis basin, vix 23 poll. longa, intermedia et summa ad 6 poll.
longa, ad 13 poll. lata, omnia oblique lanceolata vel lanceolato-
oblonga, oblique tenuiter acuminata, basi obtusa, dimidio extus
spectante quam altero fere duplo latiore, glabra, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 13-15, 1-12 lin. sub margine nervo collectivo eleganter
connectis subtus prominentibus, venarum retieulatione utrinque
tenui prominula ; petioluli llin. longi. Panicula ultra à-pedalis
ramis paucis divaricatis ad 3 poll. longis ubique tenuiter ferru-
gineo-hirtella; bracteæ obovate, naviculares, 5 lin. longe, mox
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 97
decidum ; bracteole 2 flores involuerantes obovate, fere 6 lin.
longs, obtusiuscule ; pedicelli ad 6 lin. longi. Calyx fere ad
basin 5-fidus, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis ciliolatis 21-21 lin.
longis. — Vexillum longiuseule unguiculatum, lamina rotundatum
profunde 2-lobum, petala cetera calycis segmentis simillima
eisque :equilonga. Stamina fertilia 3; filamenta pilosa ;
anthere 2j lin. longs; staminodia pauca, minutissima, denti-
formia. Ovarium rufo-villosum ; ovula circiter 5.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Acioa Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis A. padlescenti, Baill.,
differt folis minoribus, inflorescentiis glabris rhachi parce
pilosula excepta.
famuli glabri, cortice brunneo. Folia oblongo-elliptiea vel
ovato-lanceolata, subacuminata, basi rotundata, 21—4 poll. longa,
1-13 poll. lata, coriacea, pallide viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque
6-7 nti venarum reticulatione laxa utrinque prominulis ; petiolus
crassus, l lin, longus. Racemi rhachi parce pilosula excepta
glabri, vix pollicares, a basi densiflori ; bracteæ ovato-lanceolate,
ad 2 lin, long, bracteoleque pallide, tenuiter membranacez,
glabre ; pedicelli graciles, glabri, 3-4 lin. longi. Jieceptaculum
tenue, glaberrimum, 8-9 lin. longum. Calyw 4-5 lin. longus;
sepala elliptiea, obtusissima, extus preter margines in alabastro
imbrieatos glaberrima, intus albo-velutina. Petala elliptico-
oblonga, breviter unguiculata, 2-loba, 4i lin. longa. Filamenta
in laminam liguliformem 12 poll. longam 4 lin. latam juneta,
parte summa libera 3—4 lin. longa excepta.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
A specimen collected by G. F. Scott Elliot (no. 5521) near
Kafogo, Sierra Leone, after flowering but with some remnants
of inflorescences, seems to be identical with A. Whytei.
Cassipourea czsia, Stapf (sp. nov.); aftinis C. parvifolie, Stapf
(=Dactylopetalum parvifolium, Scott Elliot), differt foliis supra
cesiis, calyce cæsio, petalis dense lanatis, disco intrastaminali
multo minus alto lobulato lobulis cum filamentis aiternantibus.
Frutex ramulis gracilibus primo adpresse pubescentibus cito
glabratis, cortice brunneo. Folia anguste elliptica vel obovata,
iatiuseule acuminata, basi cuneata vel acuminato-cuneata, 2-
kz poll. longa, 13-2 poll. lata, subchartacea, glabra, supra eximie
cæsia subtus viridia, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 6, 1-
98 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
2 lin. sub margine arcuato-connectis tenuibus uti venarum reticu-
latione tenuissima utrinque vix prominulis; petioli 2-23 lin.
longi, subadpresse hirtelli. Stipulæe lanceolate, fulvo strigilloso-
hirtelle, ad 2 lin. longs. Flores 1—4 in axillis foliorum congesti ;
bracteze minute, ovate, hirtelle ; pedicelli 4 lin. longi, glabri.
Calyx semiglobosus, 2 lin. longus, extus glaber, cæsius, intus
pallide virescens et sericeo-velutinus, ad medium 5-fidus, seg-
mentis ovatis subacutis. Petala anguste lanceolata, ad 23 lin.
longa, fimbriata fimbriis ad 2 lin. longis dense albo-lanatis.
Stamina 15, epipetala 5 ad 23 lin. longa, ima basi disco intra-
staminali brevissimo intus piloso lobulato, lobulis eum filamentis
alternantibus adnata. Ovarium tomentosum, 3-loculare.
Within 20 miles of Karkatown, Whyte.
Eugenia Whytei, Sprague (sp. nov.) ; affinis E. calophylloidi,
DC., differt ramulis glabris, foliis minus coriaceis, subtus glan-
dulis prominentibus punctatis, receptaculo glabro styloque
minore.
Ramuli glabri, cortiee cinereo vel subfusco. Folia elliptico-
ovata vel oblongo-ovata, apice obtuse acuminata, basi in petiolum
attenuata, 24-44 poll. longa, 1-13? poll. lata, tenuiter coriacea,
glabra, supra olivacea vix nitidula, subtus pallidiora opaca,
nervis lateralibus primariis utrinque 7-9 subtus prominulis,
secundariis iis parallelis hine inde interjectis, tertiariis supra
ineonspicuis subtus subtiliter reticulatis; glandule utrinque
precipue subtus prominentes; petiolus 2-3 lin. longus, supra
sulcatus. Flores plures in axillis fasciculati; pedicelli 1-3 lin.
longi, glabri, nigrescentes ; bracteole deltoidez ciliate. Recep-
taculum glabrum. Sepala orbiculari-ovata, obtusissima, ciliolata,
exteriora 3 lin., interiora i lin. longa. Petala breviter obovata,
2 lin. longa, ciliolata. Stamina iis E. callophylloidis similia.
Ovarium biloculare ; stylus 2 lin. longus, stigmate peltato.
Sinoe Basin, g, Whyte ; within a radius of 6 miles from
Monrovia, $, Whyte.
Osbeckia liberica, Stapf (sp. nov.); aflinis O. senegambiensis,
Guill. & Perr., differt bracteis haud scariosis, citissime deciduis,
sepalis subulatis, connectivo basi distincte elongato.
Herbe annua (?). Caulis gracilis, subquadrangularis, minute
adpresse strigilosus, pilis plerumque nigrescentibus. Folia
lanceolata, rarius ovato-lanceolata, apice longe attenuata, sub-
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 99
acuminata, basi rotundata vel subacuta, 2-21 poll. longa, $-3
poll. lata, membranacea, utrinque adpresse strigilosa (infra
tenuius), 3-5pli-nervia; petioli graciles, 3 lin. longi. Panicule
pauciflore, ramis demum ad 14 poll. longis gracilibus, eodem
indumento indutis ae cauli nisi densiore, internodiis intermediis
sub maturitate 2-3 lin. longis; braetes tenuiter membranacex,
lanceolate, 23 lin. longs, mox decidum; pedieelli 1 lin. longi.
Receptaculum ovoideo-globosum, sub anthesi 24 lin. longum,
deinde paulo elongatum, ad medium strigillosam supra medium
squamulis apice stellato-setosis additis. Sepala subulata, 2 lin.
longa, patule setosa, mox decidua. Petala rosea, late oblique
obovata, 4 lin. longa. Stamina subæqualia ; filamenta 2 lin.
longa, antheræ connectivo basi producto antice appendiculo
parvo 2-lobo instructo, connectivi continuatione et appendice in
5 alternis longioribus. Ovarium apice pilosum.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte; Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Dissotis paucistellata, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis D. petiolate,
Hook. f., differt indumento rudiore copiosiore, florum capitulis
majoribus, receptaculo stellato-setoso.
Caulis glanduloso-hirsutus pilis patulis apice glanduligeris.
Folia ovata, subacuminata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, 11-2
poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata, 5-nervia, utrinque strigilloso-hirsuta ;
petioli ad 3 poll. longi, dense hispidi. Flores in capitulos cir-
citer 10-floros diametro 1 poll. foliis suffultos bracteatos collecti.
Bractee tenuiter membranacex, exteriores late ovate ad 4 lin.
long, interiores angustiores, ciliate et in dorso sparse pilose.
Receptaculum e basiangustata oblongum, anthesi peracta ovoideo-
oblongum, supra medium constrictum, ad 7 lin. longum ima basi
setis tenuibus simplieibus glanduligeris supra usque ad medium
setis stellatis sparsis instructum. — Sepala lanceolata, acuta, 3 lin.
longa, parce glanduloso-setosa, persistentia. Petala rosea, late
cuneato-obovata, ad 10 lin. longa. Stamina 5 filamentis 4 lin.
longis et connectivo 3 lin. ultra antherarum bases producto
antiee ima basi 2-lobato postice ecalcarato, alia 5 filamentis 4 lin.
longis connectivo brevissime producto antice 2-lobato postice
minute ealearato. | Ovarium apice setosum.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia and in the basin of Sinoe, Whyte.
Memecylon Simii, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis M. polyanthemo,
Hook. f., differt floribus multo majoribus in cymis densioribus.
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. I
100 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
Rami cortice fuscescente. Folia oblongo-elliptica, abrupte in
acumen obtusum vel subaeutum ad 6 lin. longum latiusculum
contracta, basi breviter aeutata, 21-5] poll. longa, 14-24 poll.
lata, coriacea, opaea, subtus pallidiora, nervis venisque plane
obseuris, costa subtus prominente obtusa, supra tenuiter cana-
lieulata; petioli vix 1 lin. longi. Cyme@ axillares, ad ł poll.
longi, a basi fere divise, dens: ; bracteæ ovate, ad 1 lin. longe,
citissime decidue; pedicelli 4-14 lin. longi. Receptaculum
obovoideo-globosum, 1} lin. longum. Sepala latissime ovata,
1-2 lin. longa, ad 14 lin. lata. Petala elliptico-oblonga, crassa,
vix l1 lin. longa, obtusa.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Homalium molle, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis H. stipulaceo, Welw.,
differt folis subtus molliter pubescentibus, petalis in fructu
maturo multo brevioribus.
Rami juniores molliter pubescentes, demum magis minusve
glabrescentes, cortice brunneo vel fusco. Folia lanceolata vel
oblonga vel elliptica, acuminata, basi rotundata, subaeuta, margine
repando-serrata, 4-63 poll. longa, 13-33 poll. lata, subcoriacea,
supra preter costam primo minutissime puberulam glabra, subtus
molliter pubescentia pube persistente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
cireiter 9 magis minusve prorsus curvatis venis transversis
laxiuseulis uti retieulatione subtus subprominula ; petioli 2-3 lin.
longi, tomentelli; stipule admodum varie mox decidue vel
subpersistentes, lanceolate usque orbiculari-auriculate sepissime
oblique, ad 6 lin. longs, majores foliacez.. Panicule floribunde
terminales et e foliorum superiorum axillis, ad 10 poll. longa,
ubique tenuiter molliter cinereo-pubescentes, ramis gracilibus
sspe subpendulis ad 6 poll. longis; florum fasciculi approximati
vel inferiores magis distantes; bractew minime ; pedicelli brevis-
simi. Receptaculum turbinatum, molliter pubescens, 3 lin.
longum. Sepala triangulari-ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuta,
receptaculo paulo breviora. Petala sub anthesi oblonga, 3 lin.
paulo excedentia, in fructu maturo ,indurata obovato-oblonga,
1 lin. longa, albo-pubescentia. Stylus apice brevissime 3-4-fidus.
— H. stipulaceum, Mast. in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 498 (in
part).
Sinoe Basin, Whyte. Also in Sierra Leone, by the Bagroo
River, Mann, 881.
Mann's specimen was referred by Masters, l. c. to H. stipu-
laceum, Welw. (no. 2495). This has, however, glabrous leaves,
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 101
petals which in the fruit are over 3 lin. long and thin, and much
more deeply divided styles.
ANDROSIPHONIA, Stapf (gen. nov. Passifloracearum).
Affinis Paropsie, Noronha, differt inflorescentia terminali
paniculata foliata, filamentis pubescentibus inferne dilatatis et
in tubum ovarium cingentem connatis.
Flores hermaphroditi. Calycis tubus (receptaculum) turbi-
natus, brevis; sepala 5, oblonga, acuta, tenuissime velutina.
Petala sepalis æquilonga et simillima nisi angustiora et paulo
tenuiora. Corona fere ad basin multipartita, segmentis late
linearibus copiose tenuiterque fimbriato-laceratis. Stamina 5;
filamenta inferne dilatata et in tubum ovarium cingentem e gyno-
phoro summo ortum connata, pubescentia. Ovarium breviter
stipitatum, ellipsoideum ; styli 3, liberi, antheras attingentes ;
stigmata globosa; ovula 2 in unaquaque placenta, collateralia.
Capsula (immatura) subglobosa, tenuissime velutina. Semina
ignota.— Frutex sempervirens. Folia alterna, obscure serrulata,
basi biglandulosa. Stipul@ nulle. Flores griseo-virescentes, in
cymulas paucifloras sessiles vel subsessiles arcte contractas
racemose dispositis, racemis ad ramorum apices in paniculas
foliaceas collectis; folia floralia flores squantes vel (inferiora)
longiora, basi glandulis 2 magnis nigrescentibus notata.
A. adenostegia, Stapf (spec. unica).
Rami glabri, cortice brunneo tecti. Folia oblonga, sensim in
longiusculum acumen attenuata, basi breviter constricta vel sub-
acuminata, margine obseure remote serrulata, ad 6 poll. longa,
2 (vel ultra) pollices lata, chartacea, glaberrima, ima basi utrinque
glandula nigreseente notata, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter
8 obliquis sub margine areuato connectis uti venarum reticu-
latione eleganter prominulis. Panicula rigida, circiter 4 poll.
longa ; rami (racemi) stricti, 1-23 pull. longi, tenuissime fulvo-
velutini, rhachi gracili ; folia floralia subcoriacea, ovata vel
elliptica, acute acuminata vel mucronata, cum petiolo distincto
3-1 poll. longa glandulis 1 lin. diametro. Cymule sessiles vel
subsessiles arcte contracts, pauci- vel uniflore ; bracte minute ;
pedicelli basi disartieulati, 13-23 lin. longi, demum elongati et
nutantes. Calyx 4-6 lin. longus, post anthesin magis minusve
auctus ; receptaculum 14 lin. altum; sepala sub anthesi basi
vix 1 lin. lata. Petala. linearia, 4 lin. lata, grisea. Corona
12
102 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
paulo ultra 1 lin. alta. Staminum tubus ovoideus, vix 13 lin.
altus; filamentorum pars libera 2} lin. longa uti tubus extus
pubescens; anthera oblonge, 2-5 lin. longe, medio dorso affixe.
Ovarium 3 lin. longum; styli pertenues 3 lin. longi. Fructus
(immaturus) in pedicello recurvo pendulus, subglobosus, 3 lin.
longus.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Soyauxia grandifolia, Gilg et Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis
S. gabonensi, Oliver, ct S. glabrescenti, Engl., differt foliis lineari-
oblongis amplis et spicis densis, a S. glabrescente etiam sepalis
fulvo-sericeis.
Ramuli juniores tenuissime fulvo-tomentelli. Folia lineari-
oblonga, acuminata acumine acuto longiusculo, basi obtusa vel
subaeuta, fere pedalia, 13-3 poll. longa, coriacea, utrinque glabra,
viridia, eosta validiuseula, nervis lateralibus utrinque 13-15
obliquis sub margine ipso arcuato-connectis Subtus prominen-
tibus; venis transversis et reticulatione elegante utrinque pro-
minulis ; petioli crassi, 2-24 lin. longi. Spice densissime, a basi
floriferz, 24-5 poll. longs, cylindric, undique fulvo-velutine ;
bracteæ ovato-lanceolate acuminate, ad 1 lin. longe. Sepala
ovata, 14 lin. longa, extus velutina, intus glabra. Petala late
elliptica vel obovato-rotundata, ad 13 lin. longa. Filamenta
ad 8 lin. longa. Styli 3 ad lin. 3 longi. Ovula 2 in unaquaque
placenta. Capsula pedicello valde inerassato semigloboso insi-
dens, basi calyce persistente cincta, valvis 3 late obovatis duris
1 poll. longis fere 1 poll. latis dehiscens.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte; Grand Bassa, Dinklage, 2051.
Modecca tenuispira, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis M. Manni, Mast.,
differt foliis minoribus subtus magis conspicue recticulatis, ey mis
breviter peduneulatis, floribus triplo majoribus, calyce minus
profunde diviso.
Planta scandens, glaberrima. Folia oblonga vel elliptico-
oblonga, breviter subacuminata, basi subaeuta, 21-3 poll. longa,
1-13 poll. lata, subehartacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4 uti
venarum retieulatione subtus prominula; petioli 4-6 lin. longi,
apice 2-glandulosi. Cyme axillares, 2-4-flore ; pedunculi 14-
3 lin. longi; pedicelli 1-2 lin. longi. Flores g: Receptaculum
depresso-globosum, vix 13 lin. altum. Calya tubulosus, 5-lobus,
tubo (receptaculo) excluso ad 6 lin. longus, lobis oblongis obtusis
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 108
23 lin. longis, marginibus hyalinis integris undulatis. Petala
lineari-lanceolata, basi longe attenuata, fimbriata, 5 lin. longa.
Corona tenuiter membranacea, annuliformis, tenuissime laciniata
laciniis pilosulis. Glandule 5, breves, clavato-filiformes. Fila-
menta 3 lin. longa; anthere 3 lin. longs. Flores Q ignoti.
Semina compressa, oblique ovata, 5 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, secun-
dum margines obscure tuberculata.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Begonia Whytei, Stapf (sp. nov.); habitu B. Scutulo, Hook. f.,
simillima, differt floribus minoribus, petalis flavis, filamentis basi
in eolumnam connatis, capsulis multo magis basin versus attenu-
atis 4-alatis.
Caulis brevis, repens, radicans, hirsuto-villosus, cataphyllis
ovatis tenuibus fimbriatis 2 lin. longis. Folia peltata, oblique
ovata, acuminata, ad 5 poll. longa, ad 3 poll. alta, margine
obscure repando-serrata, membranacea, supra pareissime infra
et in marginibus copiosius setulosa (imprimis in nervis), circiter
7-nervia, nervis seeundariis venisque tenuibus ; petioli ad 5 poll.
longi, magis minusve hirsuti. Zaflorescentie terminales, cymis
3-4-floris longe pedunculatis racemose dispositis, magis minusve
hirsute ; rhachis communis ad 1 poll. longa; bractew ad pedun-
culorum bases eataphyllis simillimz, bracteæ cy mas subtendentes
ovate vel oblonge fimbriatw, quam inferiores multo minores;
pedunculi graciles ad 3 poll. longi; pedicelli florum g 4-5 lin.
longi, lorum 9 vix ulli. Flores d ante 9 aperti, mox decidui,
plerumque 3 in unaquaque cyma: sepala 2, rotundata, flava,
4 lin. diametro. Filamenta basi in columnam distinctam brevem
connata, parte libera anthere equilonga, } lin. longa. Flos 9
unicus in unaquaque cyma: sepala ut in d. Styli 4 simplices,
basi connati. Stigmata 4, semilunaria, haud torta. Fructus
obpyramidalis, basi longe attenuatus, ad 9 lin. longus, 4-alatus,
alis apice obtusis ad 24 lin. latis. Placente integre. Semina
ellipsoideo-globosa, laxe reticulata.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
B. Scutulum, Hook.f., is described as having bipartite placentas.
There is no female flower with the specimen which we have at
Kew, and only one fruit, which I do not wish to sacrifice. I am
therefore not able to decide whether the affinity of B. Whytei
and B. Seutulum is really as great as their general similarity
would suggest.
104 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
Begonia Simii, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis B. auriculate, Hook. f.,
differt caulo erassiore succulento purpureo, foliorum auriculo
tota longitudine libero (haud petiolo adnato) nervis basalibus e
sinu intimo ortis, stipulis ellipticis deciduis.
Caulis carnosus, purpureus uti tota planta glaberrimus. Folia
oblique ovata, acuminata, basi inequaliter auriculato-cordata,
auriculo exteriore 3-5 lin. longo rotundato a basi libero, margine
obseure dentato, dentibus in setulam minutam abientibus, ad
4 poll.longa, ad 2 poll. lata, carnosula, nervis preter costam
circiter 5 ex ima basi ortis, nervis secundariis e costa utrinque
2-8 ; petioli 4-7 lin. longi, carnosuli ; stipule decidue, ovato- vel
oblongo-elliptiez, parce ciliato-dentate, tenues, 23 lin. longs.
Cyme axillares, pauciflore, 1 poll. breviores, pedunculo gracili
suffulte, bracteate, bracteis similibus nisi latiores. Flores d
pedicello gracili 2-24 lin. longo suffulti: sepala 2, orbicularia basi
obscure cordata, 3 lin. diametro, purpurea. Filamenta libera,
4-8 lin. longa; antheræ oblonge, circiter } lin. longs. Flos 9
brevissime pedicellatus: sepala ignota. Styli tres, basi con-
nati ; stigmata hippocrepiformia, longiuscule papillosa. Capsula
in pedunculo nutans, trigona, trialata, 9 lin. longa, alis demptis
3 lin. diametro, alis rotundatis maxima 3 lin. lata.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Mussaenda conopharyngiifolia Stapf (sp.nov.); affinis M. tenui-
flore, Beuth., differt indumento inflorescentiarum patule hirsuto,
foliis supra preter costam setulosam glaberrimis etiamque infra
costa nervisque exceptis setulosis glaberrimis, sepalis linearibus
acuminatis, corollis anguste infundibuliformibus tubo latiore
limbo majore.
Ramuli hirsuti mox glabrescentes. Folia late elliptica, breviter
acuminata, basi obtusa, ultra 6 poll. longa, ad 34 poll. lata,
preter costam (utrinque) et nervos laterales subtus parce setu-
losos glaberrima, nervis lateralibus 7-8, venis transversis laxis ;
petioli 2 Jin. longi, setulosi; stipule profunde bifida, ad 4 poll.
longs, segmentis lineari-subulatis setulosis. Cym@ corymbose
disposite, ubique setuloso-hirsutz ; peduneulus brevis; bracteæ
lineares, superne attenuatz, fere l poll. longi, setulose; pedi-
celli brevissimi. Receptaculum hispidulum setulis nonnullis
longioribus additis. Sepala linearia, superne attenuata, acuta,
4-6 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, setoso-ciliata, pauca uniuscuiusque
inflorescentie foliacea lutea, late elliptica, acuminata, petiolata,
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 105
ultra 3 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata, hispidula. Corolle aurantiace
tubus 10-11 lin. longus, infundibuliformi-tubulosus, superne
dilatatus, ad 1} lin. latus, patule flavo-setulosus; lobi latissime
ovati, apieulati, 3 lin. longi, ore aureo-tomentosi.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Mussaenda macrosepala, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis M. tristig-
matice, Cummins, differt sepalis et corollis multo majoribus.
Ramuli subgraciles patule hirsuti. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-
oblonga vel sublauceolata, breviter acute acuminata, basi obtusa
vel aeuta, ad 4 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata, supra adpresse setulosa,
subtus in costa setulosa in nervis minute adpresse pilosa, margine
hirsutiuscula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 17, prorsus
curvatis, nervis transversis tenuibus; petiolus dense hirsutus,
21 lin. longus; stipulew bipartite segmentis subulatis, appresse
hirsute, 4-6 lin longe. Cyme densiflorz, ad ramulorum apices
2-3, dense undique flavo-hirsute ; pedunculi 3 ad ultra 1 poll.
longi; bractes lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, ad 4 lin. longe ;
pedicelli brevissimi. Receptaculum densissime flavo-hispidum,
vix 3 lin. longum. Sepala lanceolata, acute acuminata, 10-13
lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, utrinque hirsuto-tomentosa. Corolle
aurantiace tubus subcylindricus, supra medium ampliatus, ultra
1 poll. longus, dense aureo-tomentosus; limbus lobis ovatis
apiculatis extus sericeo-tomentosis, 1 poll. diametro, ore aureo-
velutino.
Sinoe Basin, WAyte.
Sabicea discolor, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis S. venose, Benth.,
differt foliis subtus albidis dense araneoso-tomentosis, calycis
segmentis quam receptaculo, preecipue in fructu, brevioribus.
Ramuli fusco-cinerei adpresse hirsuti. Folia ovata vel elliptica,
acuminata, basi rotundata, ad 4 poll. longa, ad 1? poll. lata,
chartacea, supra sparse hirsuta, subtus albida, araneoso-tomentosa
et in nervis adpresse hirsuta, nervis lateralibus utrinque 12-15,
sub margine prorsus curvatis venis trausversis obscuris; petioli
ad 7 lin. longi, adpresse hirsuti; stipule late ovate, acuminate,
3 lin. long, utrinque minus magisve adpresse hirsute. Cyme
multiflora, axillares, laxe, 1-1} poll. diametro, pedunculo 4-6
lin. longo suffulte, undique albo-hirsute ; bracteæ oblonge, ad
11 lin. long: ; pedicelli brevissimi vel ad 3 lin. longi. Recepta-
culum dense albo-strigillosum, 2 liu. longum. | Calycis segmenta
106 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
j liu. longa, in fruetu haud aucta, ovata, obtusiuscula. Corolla
angustissime infundibuliformis, 5 lin. longa, extus sparse adpresse
pilosa; lobi ovati, acuti, 1 lin. longi. Fructus globosus, 14 lin.
diametro.
Near Monrovia and in the Sinoe Basin, Whyte. Also in the
Gold Coast near Akwapim, at 1400 feet, Murphy (herb. Johnson,
679).
This might be treated as a variety, like the following species.
Sabicea lasiocalyx, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis S. ferruginec,
Benth., differt ramulis pedunculisque patule hirsutis, receptaculo
et calycis tubo æque adpresse albo-tomentosis et preterea uti
calycis segmentis longe hirsutis, capitulo compacto.
Ramuli adpresse hirsuta pilis longis patulis additis, ferruginei.
Folia late oblonga vel elliptiea, subaeuminata, basi rotundata,
6-8 poll. longa, 23-4 poll. lata, supra costa hirsutiuscula
excepta glabrata exsiccando nigrescentia, subtus cinnamomea
adpresse lanato-tomentosa pilis tenuibus longioribus nonnullis
additis, nervis lateralibus utrinque cireiter 20, marginem versus
prorsus curvatis venis transversis obscuris; petioli 3-1 poll.
longi, dense hirsuti; stipule foliacee late ovate, acuminate, ad
i poll. longe, dorso hirsute. Capitula densa, pedunculo 11-4
poll. longo eodem indumento ae ramulis induto; bractex in-
volucrantes rotundato-ovatæ, longe tenuiter acuminate, 3-1 poll.
longs, dorso tomentose et simul patule hirsute. Flores arcte
congesti, sessiles. Receptaculum uti calycis tubus æque adpresse
albo-tomentosum preterea pilis longioribus hirsutum. Calycis
tubus brevis, demum paulo elongatus; segmenta subulata ad
à poll. longa, albo-tomentosa insuper pilis tenuibus patulis ad
13 lin. longis additis. Corolla anguste infundibuliformi-tubulosa,
circiter 2 poll. longa, basi glabra, medio albo-pubescens, superne
et in loborum dorsis dense albo-tomentosa ; lobi vix 1 lin. longi.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia ; Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
This might perhaps be treated as a variety of S. Jerruginea
with an exceptionally copious indumentum and sessile flowers.
Webera gracilis, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; affinis W. congensis, Stapf
(Tarenna congensis, Hiern), sed foliis tenuioribus, longius acu-
minatis, nervis lateralibus 7-8 in utroque latere, inflorescentiis
puberulis strictioribus, ramis longioribus, floribus multo minori-
bus, alabastris adultis 6—7 lin. longis.
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 107
Ramuli graciles, glabri, cortice pallide fusci. Folia elliptico-
oblonga vel elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata (acumine ad 4 poll.
longo), basi obtusa vel breviter acuminata, 23-4 poll. longa,
14-1}? poll. lata, membranacea, glaberrima, nervis lateralibus
utrinque circiter 8 valde obliquis sub margine prorsus curvatis
uti venis tenuibus; petioli 1-2 lin. longi; stipulw latissime,
rotundate, apiculate, 1 lin. alte. Inflorescentie corymbiformes
plures ad ramulorum apices; pedunculi graciles, ad 1 poll.
longi, uti rami pedicellique tenuissime pubescentes ; rami primarii
circiter 4 poll. longi; bractew ovate vel lanceolate, minute,
pubescentes; pedicelli 2-4 lin. longi, minute braeteolati. Ke-
ceptaculum obovoideo-globosum, } liu. longum, uti calyx tenuis-
sime pubescens. Calycis tubus brevis lobis late triangulari-
ovatis acutis. Corolle glabre tubus subcylindricus, supra
medium ampliatus, ad 5 lin. longus; lobi oblongi, obtusi, 3 lin.
longi. Anthere 3 lin. longe. Stylus glaber. Fructus globosus,
1j lin. diametro.
Sinoe Basin, aud without precise locality, Whyte.
Oxyanthus tenuis, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis O. pallido, Hiern,
differt ramis gracilioribus, foliis tenuioribus, petiolis gracilioribus,
stipulis 2-3 lin. longis, coroll: tubo tenuiore, lobis brevioribus.
Planta glaberrima. Rami graciles, teretes. Folia oblongo-
lanceolata, acuminata, basi acuta, 4-6 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata,
membranacea, tenuia, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 6,
uti venis tenuibus; petiolus 3 lin. longus, gracilis; stipulae e
basi triangulari subulate, 2-3 lin. longw, membranaceg. Cyme
3-4-flore, subsessiles vel pedunculo crassiusculo ad 2 lin. longo
suffulta; ; bractew lanceolate, tenuiter acuminate, ad 2 lin. long.
Pedicelli brevissimi vel ad 4 lin. longi. Receptaculum ovoideo-
oblongum, 1 lin. longum. Calycis tubus brevis; segmenta
subulata, 1 lin. longa. Corolle tubus tenuis, cylindricus, ultra
5 poll. longus; lobi lineares, angusti, 9 lin. longi. Anthere
vix 2 lin. longa.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte. Also in Sierra Leone, Limba Country,
Madina, Scott Elliot, 5571.
Ixora congesta, Stapf (sp. nov.); allinis Z. daviflore, Smith,
differt foliis majoribus, floribus sessilibus ad apices ramulorum
brevium corymbi trichotomi aggregatis.
Planta glaberrima preter iuflorescentiam interdum sparse
papilloso-puberulam. KRamuli teretes, fuscescentes. Folia lan-
108 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
ceolato-oblonga vel elliptiea, in eodem ramulo valde varia, acute
acuminata acumine ad 1 poll. longo, basi longe cuneato-attenuata
vel summa rotundata vel subcordata, ad 1 ped. longa, 12-4 poll.
lata, coriacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 15-18 subpatulis sub
margine prorsus arcuatis uti venarum retieulatione laxa utrinque
prominulis ; petioli ad 1 poll. longi vel summi brevissimi, crassi ;
stipule basi in tubum brevem connate, late ovate, subulato-
acuminate, ad 4 poll. longs. Corymbi multiflori, densissimi,
pedunculo 3-5 poll. longo suffulti; rami primarii 5-9 lin. longi,
interdum uti ramuli obscure papilloso-puberuli ; bractew bracteo-
læque lanceolato-subulate, infime ad 3 lin. longe. Flores 2 vel
plures ad apices ramulorum brevium braeteatorum sessiles.
Jieceptaculum globosum, i lin. altum. Calycis segmenta late
ovata, acuta, 3 lin. longa. Corolle tubus tenuis, cylindricus,
6-7 lin. longus; lobi lineares, acuti, 4-5 lin. longi, basi papillosi.
Anthere ad 3 liu. longe. Stylus 4 lin. e corolla tubo exsertus,
tandem ad 14 lin. divisus.
Siuoe Basin, Whyte.
Ixora atrata, Stapf (sp. uov.); affiuis Z. Soyauxii, Hiern,
differt ramulis strictis divaricatis, foliis glaberrimis, nervis
venisque infra pulchre prominulis, alabastris acuminatis, coroll
segmentis longioribus.
Planta preter inflorescentias petiolosque interdum parce
pilosulos glaberrima, exsiecando nigricans. Ramuli graciles,
teretes. Folia elliptico-lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, acu-
minata, basi acuta, 34-44 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata, mem-
branacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5 valde obliquis sub
margine arcuato conneetis uti venis transversis subtus pro-
minentibus; petioli 11-3 lin. longi, graciles; stipule e basi
latissima brevi abrupte tenuissime subulatæ ad 2) liu. longs.
Cyme laxi, teichotomie, pauciflore ad ramulorum apices; pedun-
culi graciles, 4-9 lin. longi, uti rami et pedicelli glabri vel parce
rufo-pilosuli; rami 2-4 lin. longi; bractew lanceolate vel
subulate, parvw; pedicelli ad 24 lin. longi. Receptaculum vix
+ lin. longum. Calyx vix 4 lin. longus, segmentis ovatis obtusis
vel acutis. Corolle tubus 23-3 lin. longus, cylindricus, superne
paulo dilatatus ; lobi oblongi, 4 lin. longi.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Coffea nudiflora, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis C. melanocarpe,
Hiern, sed floribus folia precedentibus, corolla ore glabra,
fructibus rubris distincta; a C. divaricata, K. Schum., et
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 109
C. rupestri, Hiern, quibus habitu simillima, imprimis calyculo
minuto differt.
Planta glaberrima. Rami graciles, cortice cinerascente vel
albieante. Folia decidua oblonga vel ovata vel obovato-oblonga,
acuminata, basi acuta, 31-5 poll. longa, 14-12 poll lata, tenuiter
membranaeea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5 obliquis arcuato-
connectis ut venis tenuissimis; petioli 13-2 lin. longi; stipule
e basi lata subito subulato-contracte vel apiculate, ad 1 lin.
longs, deinde indurate albieantes. Flores in ramis annotinis
ante folia hornotina evoluti, solitarii vel bini in ramulis brevissimis
sessiles; bractew infimee (2 paria) membranacez in annulum brevem
subbilobum connate, summe (2 paria) calyculum formantes
magis minusve herbacez, ovate, acute, plerumque parve, rarius
in folia parvula ecrescentes. Calyx truncatus annuliformis.
Corolle glabre tubus cylindricus, 1 poll. longus ; lobi elliptico-
oblongi, 24 lin. longi; lobi 6, oblique truncato-elliptici, 33-4 lin.
longi. Anthere inclusw, lj lin. longe. Stigma inclusum.
Fructus ruber, globosus, 2-24 lin. diametro.
Within 6 miles of Monrovia and in the Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Coffea ligustrifolia, Stapf (sp. nov.); aflinis C. scandenti,
K. Schum., sed ramis rigidis angulo recto divaricatis, foliis
angustioribus, valyculi bracteis summis foliaceis, calycis margine
crenato corollae tubo multo longiore.
Rami uti tota planta glaberrimi, cortice castaneo tecti, angulo
recto divaricati. Folia sempervirentia lanceolata, obtusiuscule
acuminata, basi acuta, 24-8 poll. longa, 3 ad fere 1 poll. lata,
subcoriacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5 sub margine eleganter
arcuato-connectis uti venarum retieulatione utrinque prominulis ;
petioli 1 lin. longi; stipule brevissimz, lata, apiculate. Flores
solitarii vel bini, axillares sessiles; braetez irfimæ (2 paria) in
annulum obscure bilobum connate, summe (2 paria) calyeulum
formantes foliacez, elliptiez vel ovato-elliptieze, acute, ad 3 lin.
longe. Calyx brevissimus crenulatus. Corolle glabre tubus
tenuiter infundibuliformis, ad 7 lin. longus, ore fere 2 lin.
diametro ; lobi 5 lineari-oblongi, 54 lin. longi. Anthere exsertæ
21 ad fere 3 lin. longe. Stigma coroll; os 3—4 lin. excedens,
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Tylophora liberica, W. E. Brown (sp. nov.); T. conspicue,
N. E. Br, simillima, sed glabra et lobis basalibus foliorum
brevioribus.
110 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
Caulis scandens, glaber. Folia glabra; petiolus 3-1 poll.
longus; lamina 33-44 poll. longa, 2-24 poll.lata, oblonga vel
elliptico-oblonga, acuta vel acuminata, basi cordata vel emarginata,
lobis vel auriculis ad 1 poll. longis. Pedunculi ad flexuras
racemum brevem sessilem gerentes, glabri. Pedicelli 4-5 lin.
longi, glabri. Sepala 1 lin. longa, ovata, glabra. Corolle lobi
2 lin. longi, 1 lin. lati, oblique elliptico-oblongi, apice rotundati.
Coronc tuberculi subglobosi, fusci. Columna staminum basi non
dilatata.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Lankesteria brevior, C. B. Clarke (sp. nov.); L. eleganti,
T. Anders., affinis, sed corolle tubo multo breviore distincta.—
L. elegans, C. B. Clarke, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 70, pro
parte.
Rami imo in parte superiore lignescentes. Folia anguste
obovata (in L. eleganti elliptica, apice magis acuminata). Strobili
bractee iis L. elegantis similes, sed plus minus pubescentes, in
margine ciliato-villose. Calyæ į poll. longus, aut parum longior.
Corolla alba, in centro lutescens (teste W. H. Johnson); tubus
3 poll. longus vel brevior (in Z. eleganti 1 poll. longus vel ultra),
limbi lobi quam Z. elegantis minores. Anthere e coroll tubo
brevissime exserte. Capsula 2 lin. longa stipite cylindrico,
apice rotundata, complanata, copiose hygroscopice hirsuta.
Near Monrovia, Whyte. Also in the following localities :—
Gold Coast, Akim, W. H. Johnston, 257, 261, and without
precise locality, Burton and Cameron. Ashanti Country, near
Kumassi, Cummins, 50, 199. Cameroons, in primeval forest,
Staudt, 538 (issued as L. Barteri, Hook. f.).
AFRODAPHNE, Stapf (gen. nov. Lauracearum).
Affinis inter | Lauraceas gerontogeas Beilschmiedia, Nees,
differt receptaculo cupulari vel turbinato distineto, filamentis pro
ratione brevioribus vel subnullis, ovario in receptaculo sub-
immerso, panieulis laxioribus, sepe amplis; inter neogeas
accedit ad Hufelandiam, Nees, et Aioueam, Aubl., sed a priore
receptaculo, ab altera perianthio magis herbaceo, receptaculo
haud carnoso-incrassato nee persistente recedit.
Flores hermaphroditi. | Perianthium herbaceum, post authesin
totum deciduum ; receptaculum eupulare vel turbinatum ;
segmenta 6, wqualia, parva. Stamina ordinis primi et secundi
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 111
qualia, fertilia, basi eglandulosa, magis minusve papilloso-
pilosula ; filamenta lata, brevia vel subnulla; anthere late
ovate vel subquadrate, introrsum 2-locellate; stamina tertii
ordinis vel fertilia filamento distincto subeylindrieo pilosulo,
antheris extrorsum 2-locellatis, vel at filamenta conica brevia
dense papillosa circa ovarium in conum conniventia reducta,
semper basi utrinque glandula carnosa crassa instructa; stamina
quarti ordinis semper sterilia, vel ad fila pilosula vel ad glandulam
cordatam carnosam reducta. Ovarium sessile in receptaeuli
basin subimmersum, anguste ovoideum, sensim in stylum longi-
useulum gracilem attenuata. Drupa pedicello haud inerassato
insidens, basi nuda, oblonga. Semen cotyledonibus magnis
plano-convexis coreulum parvum ineludentibus.
Arbores vel frutices, gemmis nudis sericeo-velutinis. Folia
alterna, rarius nonnulla subopposita, coriacea glabra, pennivenia.
Flores parvi vel minimi in panieulas multifloras laxiuseulas
axillares parce vel vix bracteatas dispositi, pedicellis brevibus
vel longiuseulis.
Species circiter 15, omnes Africæ occidentalis.
Although very homogeneous in general appearance, the genus
consists of two clearly distinct sets which may be treated as
sections, the difference being chiefly in the presence of 9 or of 6
fertile stamens. Where the third series of stamens is reduced
to staminodes, the latter connive more or less into a cone
surrounding the ovary. I propose for these sections the names
Ennearrhena and Hexarrhena respectively, the names explaining
themselves.
To the section Ennearrhena I refer the following species :—
l. A. ErATA, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia elata, Scott Elliot).
2. A. FRUTICOSA, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia fruticosa, Eagl.).
3. A. GRANDIFOLIA, Stapf (= Cryptocarya ? grandifolia, Zngl.).
4. A. Manni, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia Mannii, Hook. f.= Oreo-
daphne Mannii, Meissn.).
5. A. MINUTIFLORA, Stapf ( = Beilschmiedia minutiflora, Hook. f.
= Oreodaphne minutiflora, Meissn.).
6. A. NITIDA, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia nitida, Engl.).
7. A. Preussin, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia Preussii, Hng/.).
8. A. SESSILTFOLIA, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia sessilifolia, Engl.).
9. A. Srauprir, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia Staudtii, Engl.)
10. A. ZENKERI, Stapf (= Beilschmiedia Zenkeri, /ng/.),
112 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
To the section Hexarrhena belong :—
11. AFRODAPHNE CALABARTCA, Stapf (Mann, 2255, in part).
12. A. CAUDATA, Stapf (sce below).
13. A. EURYNEURA, Stapf (see below).
14. A. aABOONENSIS, Stapf(=Beilschmiediagaboonensis, Hook.f.
=Oreodaphne gaboonensis, Meissn.).
15. A. OBSCURA, Stapf ( — Beilsehmiedia obscura, Engl.).
Afrodaphne caudata, S/apf (sp. nov.); inter species sectionis
Hexarrhene foribus majuseulis, staminibus quarti ordinis ad
filamenta pilosa eglandulosa distincta.
Folia oblonga, caudato-acuminata acumine acuto ultrapollicari,
basi obtusa, 9 poll. (vel ultra) longa, ad 34 poll. lata, coriacea,
glaberrima, lucidula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8
areuato-connectis, nervo collectivo submarginali altero addito,
utrinque pulehre laxe retieulata; petioli erassi, 3 lin. longi.
Panicule laxe, ad 8 poll. longs, superne fulvo-puberule ;
pedunculi ad 3 poll. longi; braetes pauce, decidusm, ovate,
concave, ad 2 lin. longæ, dorso fulvo-tomentelle ; pedicelli 1-2
lin. longi. Perianthium turbinatum, 13 lin. longum, extus
fulvo-tomentellum ; receptaculum j lin. altum, basi haud con-
strictum : lobi ovati, subacuti. Stamina primi et secundi ordinis
filamentis brevissimis ad loborum bases insertis, antheris apicu-
latis apice papillosis; tertii ordinis ad staminodia anguste conica
dense papillosa reducta, glandulis majusculis; quarti ordinis
ad filamenta pilosula basi eglandulosa reducta. Pistillum e flore
haud exsertum.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
A. euryneura, Stapf (sp. nov.), affinis A. gaboonensi, Stapf,
differt foliia majoribus basi rotundatis nervis lateralibus dis-
tantibus, panieulis majoribus.
Folia oblonga, breviter tenuiterque acuminata vel fere aristu-
lata, basi rotundata, ad 8 poll. vel ultra longa, ad 34 poll. lata,
coriacea, glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8 arcuato-
connectis subtus valde prominentibus, nervo collectivo sub-
marginali altero addito (haud semper conspicuo), venarum re-
tieulatione laxa utrinque prominula; petioli ad 6 lin. longi,
crassi. JPanieule 4-8 poll. longs, laxæ, superne fulvo-cinereo-
puberule; pedunculi 1-8 poll. longi; bractew paucæ, ovate,
acute, concave, ad 2 lin. longe, dorso fulvo- vel cinereo-tomen-
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 118
telle ; pedicelli graciles, 1 lin. longi. Perianthium breviter
turbinato-globosum, vix 1 lin. longum, extus fulvo-cinereo-
tomentellum ; receptaculum 4-i perianthii altitudine ; lobi late
ovati, subacuti. Stamina primi et secundi ordinis filamentis
brevissimis ad loborum bases inserti antheris exapieulatis apice
papillosis; tertii ordinis ad staminodia eoniea dense papillosa
reductis glandulis crassissimis ; quarti ordinis ad glandulam
cordatam carnosam apiee et seeundum lineam mediam utrinque
papillosam reducta. Pistillum stylo apice jam ante flores
apertos exserto.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Cleistanthus liberica, JV. E. Brown (sp. nov.) ; affinis C. ango-
lensi, Muell. Arg., cortice cinereo, cuspide foliorum longiore
angustioreque distincta.
Cortex cinereus, nec brunneus. Folia alterna, breviter petio-
lata, 21-32 poll. longa, 11-1} poll. lata, oblonga vel elliptico-
oblonga, cuspidato-acuminata, basi obtusa vel late cuneata,
glabra cuspide 7-9 lin. longa basi 12-2 lin. lata lineari obtusa,
Racemi }-1 poll. longi, ferrugiueo-puberuli. Flores d fascieu-
lati. Pedicelli 11-2 lin. longi. Sepala 1} lin. longa, lineari-
oblonga, acuta. Petala minuta, vix 3 lin. longa, linearia, apice
dentata, glabra. Discus crassus, integer, apice dense pubescens.
Flores 9 non vidi.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Phyllanthus profusus, W. E. Brown (sp. nov.); P. floribundo,
Muell. Arg., habitu simillimus, differt foliis ovatis acuminatis,
floribus numerosioribus albidis vel pallide viridescentibus.
Rami foliiferi 34-5 poll. longi, glabri. Folia breviter petio-
lata, 2-3 poll. longa, #-13 poll. lata, ovata vel elliptico-ovata,
acute acuminata, glabra, subtus pallida. Flores d numero-
sissimi fasciculati, albi vel pallide viridescentes, glabri ; fasciculi
in racemos interruptos fasciculatos 23-5 poll. longos dispositi.
Pedicelli 1-2 lin. longi. Sepala 4, 3-3 lin. longa, elliptico-
oblonga, obtusa. Glandule 4, minutissime. Stamina 4, libera.
Flores 9 non vidi.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Croton dispar, N. E. Brown (sp. nov.): C. macrostachyo,
A. Rich., habitu similis sed gracilior et glabrior.
Rami floriferi 1 lin. crassi, minute et sparse ferrugineo-
114 DR. OTTO STAPF ON
lepidoti, demum glabri. Folia elliptico-ovata vel oblonga,
obtuse subcuspidato-acuminata, basi leviter emarginata vel
latissime rotundata, triplinervia, utrinque fere glabra, squamulis
minutis stellatis sparsissime conspersa; petiolus 3-1 poll.
longus; lamina 23-8 poll. longa, 11-2 poll. lata. Racemus
terminalis, solitarius, 5-6 poll. longus. Flores masculi 5-meri ;
femineos non vidi. Pedicelli 2 lin. longi, minutissime stellato-
puberuli. Sepala et petala 5, revoluto-reflexa, subequalia, fere
1 lin. longa; sepala subacuta, glabra, apice ciliata; petala
obtusa, dorso glabra, intra lanata. | Glandule 5, subulate.
Stamina 10-11; filamenta 13 lin. longa, glabra. Receptaculum
pilosum. | Ovarium rudimentum nullum.
Near Monrovia, Whyte.
Crotonogyne caterviflora, JV. E. Brown (sp. nov.); proxima
C. Manniane, Muell. Arg., sed foliis basi rotundatis nee longe
cuneato-aeutis, et racemis multo brevioribus distincta.
Folia oblongo-oblanceolata, breviter acuminata, basi obtuse
rotundata, utrinque sparsissime lepidota vel supra fere glabra ;
petiolus 5-8 lin. longus; lamina 4-7 poll. longa, 14-23 poll.
lata. Racemi masculi 2-6 poll. longi, dissite glomeruliflori,
lepidoti ; femineos non vidi. Pedicelli 3-1 lin. longi, dense
lepidoti. Sepala 3, subinzqualia, 1-1} lin. longa, elliptica,
densissime lepidota. Petala 5, elliptica, obtusa, 11 lin. longa,
glabra. Stamina 15; filamenta 4-1 lin. longa, basi dilatata,
connata.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
Erythrococca aculeata, Benth., var. acutissima, N. E. Brown
(var. nov.) ; ab typo differt foliis acutissime (nee obtuse) acu-
minatis.
Around Monrovia, Whyte.
Hemanthus longitubus, C. H. Wright (sp. nov.); affinis
H. multifloro, Martyn, perianthii tubo multo longiore differt.
Folia elliptica, breviter abrupteque acuminata, tenuiter mem-
branacea, 6 poll. longa, 23 poll. lata; petioli 1l poll. longi;
vagine 3 poll. longz, maculate. Pedunculus lateralis, 8 poll.
longus, multiflorus ; spathz e basi ovata longe acuminate, rubre ;
pedicelli tenues, 6 lin. longi. Perianthium rubrum; tubus
cylindrieus, tenuis, 14 lin. longus; segmenta linearia, tubo
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 115
equilonga, 2— lin. lata, 1-nervia. Stamina perianthii segmentis
equilonga. Ovarium trilobum ; ovula solitaria.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
This species, at first sight, much resembles the widely-spread
H. multiflorus, Martyn, which is distinguished by its perianth
not exceeding half an inch in length.
Dracena prolata, C. H. Wright (sp. nov.); a D. bicolore,
Hook., foliis basi non longe attenuatis, vaginis parvis, petiolisque
brevioribus crassioribus differt.
Caules leves, siccando straminei, nitidi. Folia elliptica, basi
apiceque breviter acuminata, obtusa, coriacea, circa 7 poll. longa,
3 poll.lata; petioli superiores ad 1 poll. longi. Panieula brevis,
congesta; bracteæ late triangulares, acute; pedicelli 2 lin.
longi. — Perianthii tubus cylindricus, 3 lin. longus, 3 lin. diam. ;
segmenta oblonga, apice cucullata, mucronata, 4 lin. longa, 1 lin.
lata. Anthere oblongz, 1l lin. longg. Ovarium ovoideum ;
stylus antheras paullo superans.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte; within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Culcasia liberica, V. E. Brown (sp. nov.) ; affinis C. scandenti,
Beauv., differt caule crassiore, foliis majoribus, floribus numerosi-
oribus.
Caulis X poll. crassus. Folia lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceo-
lata, acuta vel subeuspidata, basi cuneata; petiolus 44-5 poll.
longus ; lamina 8-9 poll. longa, 3-32 poll. lata. ^ Pedunculi 7-8
in fasciculos terminales dispositi, 13-22 poll. longi, 1-14 lin.
crassi. Spatha li poll. longa; tubus ovoideus ; lamina eymbi-
formis, subaeuta. Spadix e spatha exserta, 2 poll. longa, parte
feminea 2-23 lin. longa, subglobosa, parte mascula a feminea
longe distante, cylindrico-clavata. Ovarium subglobosum ; stigma
sessile.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
P.S.—The specimens mentioned on pp. 89 and 94 as collected
by H. Reynolds form part of a small collection received at Kew
since this paper was read.
12th May, 1905. O. STAPF.
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. K
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THE JOURNAL
OF
THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,
Vor. XXXVII. BOTANY. No. 259.
CONTENTS.
Page
I. The Botany of the Anglo-German Uganda Boundary
Commission. By E. G. Baxer, F.L.S., S. Moore,
F.L.S., and A. B. Manus D.Se., F.L.S. (Plates 1-4) 116
II. The Axillary Seales of Aquatic Monocotyledons. By
R. J. Harvey Gissow, M.A., F.L.S., Professor of
Botany in the University of Liverpool. (Plates 5 & 6) 228
III. The Botany of Gough Island.—l. Phanerogams and
Ferns. By R. N. Rupmose Brown, B.Sc., Botanist
of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. (Com-
municated by W. Borrine Hemsuey, F.R.S., F.L.S8.)
(Plates 7-9)... eR emn 238
IV. Mansoniez, a new Tribe of the Natural Order Stereu-
liaceæ. By Lt.-Col. D. Pratn, I. M.5., F.R.S., F.L.S.
CPlate 10)... raai thor ht He EERASRAR AMOUR HN 250
V. The Botany of Gough Island.—II. Cryptogams (ex-
cluding Ferns and Unicellular Alge) By R. N.
RupwosE Browy, B.Sc., C. H. Wriaut, A. L.S., and
O. V. DARBISHIRE. (Communicated by W. Borrina
CETOXLR Dig qe 00-00 49 99 — Y CERO DU canes 263
VI. Notes on the Genus Widdringtonia. By MaxwerL T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Correspondent of
the Institute of France ....................... serere. 267
See Notice on last page of Wrapper.
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LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND COUNCIL,
Elected 24th May, 1905.
PRESIDENT.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, D.Sc., F.R.S.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Charles Baron Clarke, M.A., F.R.S.
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A.
Horace W, Monckton, F.G.8.
Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S.
TREASURER.
Horace W. Monckton, F.G.S.
SECRETARIES.
D. H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D., F.R 8.
| Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S.
CENERAL SECRETARY.
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COUNCIL.
R. Assheton, M.A,
V. H. Blackman, M.A.
Gilbert C. Bourne, D.Sc.
Dr. Horace T. Brown, F.R.S.
Charles Baron Clarke, M.A., F.R.S.
Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A,
Prof. J. B. Farmer, D.Sc., F.R.S.
Rev. Canon Fowler, M.A.
Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S.
B. Daydon Jackson, Esq.
Horace W. Monckton, F.G.S.
Prof. F. W. Oliver, D.Sc., F.R.S.
Clement Reid, F.R.S.
Dr. A. B. Rendle, M.A.
Dr. W. G. Ridewood, F.Z.8.
Dukinfield H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D,
F.R.S.
David Sharp, F.R.S.
Dr. Otto Stapf.
Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S.
A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S.
LIBRARIAN.
A. W. Kappel,
CLERK.
A. R. Hammond.
LIBRARY COMMITTEE.
This consists of nine Fellows (three of whom retire annuall
y) and of the
officers ex officio; the former are elected annually by the Council in June,
and serve til the succeeding
required during the Session.
the officers, are :—
Herbert Druce, F.Z.8.
Antony Gepp, M.A,
W. Botting Hemsley, F.R.S.
Dr. G. Henderson.
P. Chalmers Mitchell, M.A., F.Z.S.
Anniversary.
The Members for
The Committee meets as
1904-1905, in addition to
A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.
A. Q. Tansley, M.A.
Prof. H. Marshall Ward, F.R.S.
Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S,
THE FLORA OF LIBERIA. 115
æquilonga, 3—} lin. lata, 1-nervia. Stamina perianthii segmentis
equilonga. Ovarium trilobum; ovula solitaria.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
This species, at first sight, much resembles the widely-spread
H. multiflorus, Martyn, which is distinguished by its perianth
not exceeding half an inch in length.
Dracena prolata, C. H. Wright (sp. nov.); a D. bicolore,
Hook., foliis basi non longe attenuatis, vaginis parvis, petiolisque
brevioribus crassioribus differt.
Caules leves, siccando straminel, nitidi. Folia elliptica, basi
apiceque breviter acuminata, obtusa, coriacea, circa 7 poll. longa,
3 poll. lata; petioli superiores ad 1 poll. longi. Panicula brevis,
congesta; bractee late triangulares, acute; pedicelli 2 lin.
longi. Perianthii tubus cylindricus, 3 lin. longus, 4 lin. diam. ;
segmenta oblonga, apice cucullata, mucronata, 4 lin. longa, 1 lin.
lata. Anthere oblonge, 14 lin. longs. Ovarium ovoideum ;
stylus antheras paullo superans.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte; within 6 miles of Monrovia, Whyte.
Culcasia liberica, N. E. Brown (sp. nov.) ; affinis C. scandenti,
Beauv., differt caule crassiore, foliis majoribus, floribus numerosi-
oribus.
Caulis + poll. crassus. Folia lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceo-
lata, acuta vel subcuspidata, basi cuneata; petiolus 44-5 poll.
longus; lamina 8-9 poll. longa, 8-32 poll. lata. Pedunculi 7-8
in fasciculos terminales dispositi, 12-22 poll. longi, 1-1} lin.
crassi. Spatha 1i poll. longa; tubus ovoideus ; lamina cymbi-
formis, subacuta. Spadix e spatha exserta, 2 poll. longa, parte
feminea 2-24 lin. longa, subglobosa, parte mascula a feminea
longe distante, cylindrico-clavata. Ovarium subglobosum; stigma
sessile.
Sinoe Basin, Whyte.
[ P.S.—The specimens mentioned on pp. 89 and 94 as collected
by H. Reynolds form part of a small collection received at Kew
ince this paper was read.
19th May, 1905. O. SraPr.]
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. K
116 THE BOTANY OF THE ANGLO-GERMAN
The Botany of the Anglo-German Uganda ndary Commission.
By E. Œ. Barek, F.L.S.; S. Moors, F.L.3.; and A. B.
RENDLE, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.
(Prates 1-4.)
[Read 16th February, 1905.]
THE collections which form the subject of this paper were made
by Dr. A. G. Bagshawe, medieal officer to the recent Anglo-
German Uganda Boundary Commission under H.M. Com-
missioner, Lieut.-Col. Delmé-Radcliffe. Beginning at the mouth
of the Kagera River, on the south-western boundary of the
Uganda Protectorate, at a point where the river empties itself
into the Victoria Nyanza on the west side, a camp was made for
three months. The second collecting-centre, about 60 miles from
the lake, was Mulema in South Ankole, lat. 1° S., long. 31? E.,
where there was also a camp for about three months till the
middle of 1903. Barumba, where a few plants were collected, is
fifteen miles further west. The next colleeting-centre was the
district of the high hills of Ruehigga (lat. 1°-1° 10' S., long. 30°-
30° 15' E.) from 5500-7800 ft., which drains into the Congo.
With this exception, all the plants in the collection are from lands
which drain into the Nile. Two visits were paid to an isolated
hill, Irunga, alt. 7160 ft., which lies at the intersection of the
English, German, and Congo boundaries. The River Rufüa,
whieh drains Lake Karenge, and is in long. 30^ 6' E., and lat.
0° 55' S., and runs S.E. to join the Kagera River, was also
visited. The next important collecting-centre was the island of
Buvüma, opposite the exit of the Nile from the Victoria Nyanza,
where a stay of about three weeks was made. Buvuma is about
the size of the county of Rutland. It is hilly, the highest point
being 600 feet above the level of the lake ; about half the island
is thiekly wooded. The inhabitants differ considerably from
those of the mainland—their language is different and allied to
that of the Basoga. Sir Harry Johnston, who recently visited
the island, suggests that it may have been separated from the
mainland for a sufficient period to acquire or retain peculiar
forms of vegetation.
The earliest collection made in the Uganda Protectorate was
UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION. 117
that by Col. Grant, on the Speke and Grant Expedition of 1860 *
partly on the north-western shore of the Victoria Nyanza,
between what was then called the river Kitangule (now called
Kagera) and M'tesas. Other collectors who have visited this
region are Mr. G. F. Seott Elliot on his return from his expe-
dition to Mt. Ruwenzori, and Dr. Stuhlmann on the Emin Pasha
Expedition. Lieut. Stairs, on the Stanley Expedition in 1890,
and several others have also collected plants in Uganda.
In Sir Harry Johnston’s book on Uganda t, Mr. C. H. Wright,
A.L.S., has given a list of the plants known from the Protectorate.
Sir Harry Johnston recognises five Botanical Regions in the
Uganda Protectorate :—
(1) Somarı Reaion.—Includes the arid country in the basin of
Lake Rudolf and up the Rift Valley as far as the north
end of Lake Baringo.
(2) East ArnicAN Reaion.—A land of grass, Borassus, Hy-
plene, and wild Date Palms, &c. characteristic of the low-
lying parts of German, Portuguese, and British East Africa.
(3) CENTRAL AFRICAN Raarow.—This fertile region presupposes
an average altitude of 3500 ft. in the equatorial regions of
Uganda.
(4) West ArnrcaN Forest Recron. — Characteristic of the
countries near the shore of the Victoria Nyanza.
(5) Puareav or ArPrINE RkGroN.— Everywhere between 6500
and 10,000 ft., with a flora which alternately recalls the
trees and plants of temperate South Africa and temperate
Abyssinia.
The island of Buvüma comes under the West African Forest
Region, the higher portion of the Ruchigga district and the hill
Irunga reach the Alpine Region; but much of the country covered
by the Expedition is in the Central African Region.
As a whole, the entire country explored lies in the northern
part of the Central Lake Region, Engler's “ Seengebiet,” repre-
senting that portion of it which is included in the Nile Land
District of Oliver’s ‘ Flora of Tropical Africa.’
The collection comprises 480 species of Seed-plants, of which
67 are new to science, and includes 433 Dicotyledons, 46 Mono-
* Botany, by Prof. D. Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxix. (1872-t).
t Sir Harry Johnston; The Uganda Protectorate, 1902.
x2
118 THE BOTANY OF THE ANGLO-GERMAN
cotyledons, and one Gymnosperm (Podocarpus milanjiana). Of
the Dicotyledons 199 belong to the Polypetale, 183 to the
Gamopetale, and 51 to the Apetalz, as recognised in Bentham
& Hooker’s ‘Genera Plantarum’ The Monocotyledons include
30 Orchids, and also members of other petaloid orders; no
sedges nor grasses were collected.
Taken as a whole, the plants show considera! le affinity with
the Floras of the West African Coast-region, especially Angola ;
about 20 per cent. comprising species hitherto known only from
those regions, or new species with a strong West African affinity.
Recent investigation has revealed the same state of things as far
eastward as Usambara*. Noteworthy examples of this among
the Polypetale are a new variety of Capparis Afzelit, a species
hitherto known only from Sierra Leone and the Cameroons; a
form of Polygala Gomesiana, an Angolan plant; Hugonia
platysepala (Upper and Lower Guinea); and Zanthorylon nitens,
Clausena anisata var. multijuga, and Illigera pentaphylla, all
three Angolan. Among the Gamopetale the following eight
species are worthy of mention as having hitherto been known
only from Upper Guinea :—Craterispermum brachynematum,
Clitandra cymulosa, Alafia grandis, A. Schumannii, A. landolph-
ioides, Baissea tenuiloba, Acanthopale decempedalis, Barleria
opaca. To the same category belong Peddiea lungiflora (Togo-
land), Claoxylon africanum and Habenaria Soyauaxii (Gaboon), a
new Polystachya (P. inconspicua) near the Fernando Po species
P. alpina, and a new species of Haemanthus (H. Radcliffer)
nearly allied to H. Lindeni from the Congo. The Angolan
affinity is exemplified by several orchids—Hulophia dichroma,
Habenaria foliosa, Disa ochrostachya, and a new species of
Mystacidium (M. ugandense).
Excluding widely distributed tropical species, the majority of
the plants represent an Eastern tropical African element, including
a number of Abyssinian types, a few species hitherto known only
from Mt. Kilimanjaro on the East (such as Tragia Volkensii), and
several from Mt. Ruwenzori on the West, such as the Composites
Crassocephalum ruwenzoriense and Senecio ruwenzoriensis, and
Liparis ruwenzoriensis, Pteroglossaspis ruwenzoriensis, Poly-
stachya nigrescens, and Disa erubescens, four orchids previously
collected by Mr. Scott Elliot. A more southern element is
* Engler, in Notizbl. k. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 83.
UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION. ° 119
represented by a few Nyassa-land types, such as Eulophia
missionis, Lissochilus Nyase, and Senecio sabulicolus.
There is a slight South-African affinity, the most marked
examples of which are a new species of Pappea allied to
P. capensis, Pavetta assimilis, and Ohetacanthus Persoonii ; the
last two have not previously been found north of the Tropics.
ENUMERATION OF SPECIES.
DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALA.
(By Epmunp G. BAKER.)
RaNUNCULACER,
Crematis SrUHLMANNI, Hieron. in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-
Afr. C. 180.
lrunga. Fl. November, 381.
Distrib. Karagwe in the Central African Lake-Region.
C. ORIENTALIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 543.
Fl. April, 202.
Native name * Munkamba." “ Flowers pinkish.”
Var. y. Tuuneerat, O. Kuntze, in Verh. Bot. Brand. xxvi.
(1885) 124.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 439.
“ Trailing with white flowers."
Var. e. WIGHTIANA, O. Kuntze, l. c.
Hillside, Simba. Fl. February, 172. Hillside, Burumba.
Fl. July, 374.
Native name * Lumama." * Climber with white flowers.”
Distrib. C. orientalis is widely spread in Temperate Asia,
Northern India, &c.
THALICTRUM üHyNcHocanPUM, Dillon § A. Rich. in Ann. Se.
Nat. sér. II. xiv. (1840) 262.
Ruchigga. Fr. November, 456.
“ Erect plants 5 ft. high, with inconspicuous flowers.”
Distrib. Mountains of Tropical Africa ; also occurs south of
the Tropic, in Natal, &e.
RANUNCULUS MEMBRANACEUS, Fres. in Mus. Senckenb. ii. (1837)
270; R. pinnatus, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. (1872)
tab. 2, non Poir.
River Rufüa, at edge of pool. "December, 534.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District ;
also in South Africa.
120 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
DILLENIACES.
TETRACERA ALNIFOLIA, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1243.
Island of Buváma, Victoria Nyanza. March, 602.
Distrib. Upper Guinea. The Welwitsch plant from Golungo
Alto, no. 1203, formerly referred to T. alnifolia, Willd.,
is regarded by Dr. Gilg as a distinct species, T. podotricha,
Gilg.
ANONACES.
Uvanra Wetwitsouit, Engler § Diels, Monogr. 18.—Oxymitra ?
Welwitschii, Hiern, in Welw. Cat. 10.
In gully above Mulema, Fl. April, 244; also Fr. April, 245.
Native name “ Mukamira.” “Shrub with greenish-yellow
flowers and yellow fruits. Fruit eaten. Wood used in
hut-building.”
The following is a description of the flowering specimen
which, although the type comes from a very different locality,
I have referred to this species. It has previously been collected
only in fruit :—
Frutex ramis demum glabris atropurpureo-corticatis ; foli-
orum petiolo brevi inerassato +2 mm. longo; lamina
subcoriacea, supra glabra, subtus preter costam glabra,
oblonga, apice obtusa, basi late cuneata vel rotundata,
9-12 em. longa, 3°5-4°5 em. lata; costa subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 10-14 adscendentibus subtus
subprominentibus; floribus solitariis sepissime terminali-
bus inter medioeres generis; sepalis late ovatis subacutis
11-13 mm. longis quam petala brevioribus; petalis
subzqualibus ovato-suborbicularibus extus fusco-tomen-
tellis, longioribus quam latis, + 14-16 mm. longis, 12-14
mm. latis; staminibus brevissimis, + 1 mm. longis, con-
nectivo obliquo ; carpellis extus fusco-tomentosis.
Distrib, Angola.
U. svkonENsrs, Engler, in Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 178.
Island of Buvima, Fl. March, 639.
* Shrub with greenish flowers."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.
UVARIA 8p.
Island of Buvüáma. Fl. March, 642.
* Shrub with yellow flowers."
Further material is necessary of this species.
E. d. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.E. 121
Folia oblonga vel ovato-oblonga glabra, 9-11 cm. longa,
8-4 em. lata, subeoriacea. Petiolus brevissimus 2-3 min.
longus. Calyx 12-13 mm. longus. Petala subæqualia
quam ea U. Kirkit, Oliver, angustiora, 20-22 mm. longa,
15-16 mm. lata.
ARTABOTRYS Sp.
Island of Buvüma. Fr. March, 662.
Climbing shrub in fruit only.
Perhaps allied to A. stenopetala, Engler, but flowers required
to confirm this. Leaves ovate, glaucous-green, smooth.
MENISPERMACE X.
TiwosPoRa TENERA, Miers, in Ann. y Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. ILI.
xiii. (1864) 322.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 658.
“ Herbaceous climber with greenish flowers. @ only."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District; also in Mada-
gascar.
FuMARIACER.
FUMARIA OFFICINALIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 700.
Ruchigga., Fl. November, 396.
Distrib. Europe, North Africa, North Asia.
CRUCIFERE.
DBnassircA WILLDENOVII, Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. IL. ii.
(1842) 88.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 344.
Distrib. Asia, temp. and trop. Nile Land, Lower Guinea,
Mozambique District.
CAPPARIDACEE.
CLEOME MONOPHYLLA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 672.
Roadside, Mulema. Fl. June, 326.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa; also at the
Cape.
C. mirta, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 81.
Near River Rufüa. Fl. December, 515. l
Distrib. Lower Guinea, South Central, Mozambique
District.
122 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
MAERUA ANGOLENSIS, DC. Prod. i. 254.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 210.
Native name * Mweogola." “Low tree with much con-
torted branches ; flowers greenish yellow."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land, Lower Guinea.
M. TRIPHYLIA, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 32, tab. 7.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 217.
Native name “Moywante.” “Low shrub with white
flowers.”
Distrib. Nile Land.
CADABA FARINOSA, Forsk. FI. ZEgypt.-Arab. 68.
Near Kikobe ferry, River Kagera. Fl. March, 176.
Native name “ Kakubauga." “ Wood used to make cattle-
kraals. Shrub; flowers green.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.
Boscra sarrCiFoLIA, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 93.
Hillside near Mulema. Fl. June, 341.
* Tree-like shrub with girth of 6 ft. and greenish flowers."
A form with generally 6 stamens.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District.
CAPPARIS spinosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 503.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 223.
Distrib. Spreading through the Mediterranean Region and
Eevrt it extends eastwards to Western India. Also
Nile Laud.
C. TOMENTOSA, Lam. Encyc. Méth. i. 606.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April & May, 225 & 281.
Native names * Mutatsi" and ** Mukoma.”
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.
C. Rora, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 97.
Near Mulema. Fl. March & April, 187 & 237.
Distrib. Nile Land.
C. ERYTHROCARPOS, Zsert, in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Schrift. ix.
(1789) 334, tab, 9.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 623.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land, Lower Guinea.
C. ArzELII, Pax, var. nov. BUVUMENSIS. Arbor parva glabra,
foliis subcoriaceis, oblongis vel ovato-oblongis, breviter
petiolatis, stipulis tenuibus, minus acuminatis quam in
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALA, 123
typo; floribus 1-3 ad apices ramulorum dispositis ;
bacca subglobosa, lateraliter apiculata, gracillime pedun-
culata.
Hab. Island of Buvúma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March 11th,
1904. 598.
* Low tree not exceeding 20 ft., with white flowers which
become purplish.”
Distrib. of type. Sierra Leone.
BIXINES.
Oncosa spinosa, Forsk. Fl. ZEyypt.- Arab. 103.
Mouth of Kagera River. Fl. & Fr. February, 150.
Distrib. Nile Land, Upper Guinea.
PrrTOsPOREX.
PrrrosPORUM ABYSSINICUM, Delile, in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. II.
xx. (1843) 49.
Ruchigga. Fl. & Fr. November, 416 & 452.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.
PoOLYGALE.
POLYGALA PERSICARLEFOLIA, DC. Prod. i. 326.
Coast of Victoria Nyanza, Uganda. FI. February, 570.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
The following is also closely allied to this species :—
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 459.
P. Votkensit, Gurke, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 234.
Near River Rufáa. | Fl. December, 516.
“ Herb with flowers that appear white when fully open.”
Distrib. Central Atrican Lake-Region.
P. Gomesiana, Welw. ex Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 126; forma
nov. UGANDENSIs. Frutex 4-pedalis, foliis quam in typo
aliquid crassioribus, sepalorum margine solummodo
colorato, capsulis paullulum quam in typo longioribus,
+ 55 mm. longis, + 4 mm. latis, alis angustissimis,
+ 12 mm. longis, + 10 mm. latis; seminibus hirsutis.
Ruchigga, alt. 7000 ft. Fl. November, 397.
“Shrub with dark red flowers; usually grows amid
bracken.”
Distrib. of type. Lower Guinea.
124 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
Potyaata Fiscuert, Gürke, in Engler, Jahrb. xiv. (1891) 310 ;
forma.
Kagera Valley near Mulema. Fl. May, 275 & 291.
Native name “Ntanakorogondo.” ‘Herb with lilac-
eoloured or bluish flowers."
Distrib. East Tropical Africa.
SECURIDACA LONGEPEDUNCULATA, Fres. in Mus. Senckenb. ii.
(1837) 275.
On hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 226.
Native name * Mweya.” “ Low tree used for posts and to
make charcoal. Flowers pink (sepals and petals).”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.
CARPOLOBIA ALBA, G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1. 370.
Island of Buvima, Fl. March, 664.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea.
CARYOPHYLLACEEX.
CERASTIUM AFRICANUM, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 141.
Ruchigga, alt. 7000 ft. Fl. December, 470.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Mozambique District.
DnyManrA corpata, Willd. ex Roem. § Schult. Syst. v. 406.
Ruchigga, alt. 7000 ft. Fl. December, 479.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Nile Land; also in
Comoros, Madagascar, Tropical Asia, and Tropical
America.
PORTULACEE.
TaniNUM CUNEIFOLIUM, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 864.
Near Mulema in Kagera Valley. Fl. May, 270.
Native name “ Mtainagerom.” “Stem chewed for tooth-
ache.”
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.
HyPERICINEX.
HYPERICUM PEPLIDIFOLIUM, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 95.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 415.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
H. LaraNDrI, Choisy, in DC. Prod. i. 550.
Near mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 551.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Cape.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.E. 125
PsorosPERMUM FEBRIFUGUM, Spach, in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. II. v.
(1836) 163.
Near Musozi. Fl. February, 166.
Native name * Kansironsiro."
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 257.
Native name “ Mkonya."
* Low shrub with white flowers and red resin."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea, Mozambique
Distriet.
Haronea PANICULATA, Lodd. ex Steud. Nom. ed. II. i. 722.
Coast of Vietoria Nyanza, Uganda. Fl. March, 572.
“Shrub with white flowers and red sap."
Tree growing usually in damp soil, Musozi. Fl. & Fr.
December, 53.
Native name * Mulidida." ** Yields a red gum."
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa; also in Mada-
gascar and Mauritius.
MALVACEAE.
SIDA CARPINIFOLIA, Linn. fil. Suppl. 307.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 438.
Distrib. Very widely distributed in Tropical and Sub-
tropical Regions.
ABUTILON INDICUM, Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. I. 54.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 195.
Native name “ Mwema.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.
A, ZANZIBARICUM, Bojer, ex Masters, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 1.
186.
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 268.
* Shrubby. Flowers yellow with dark centre.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea, Mozambique
District.
PAVONIA MACROPRYLLA, E. Meyer, ev Harvey § Sonder, Fl. Cap.
i. 169.
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 319.
Native name * Akonyeshagum."
Distrib. Nile Land, South Central; also at the Cape.
126 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
KosTELETZKYA ADOENsIS, Masters, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr.
1. 192.
Below Ruchigga, alt. 5000 ft. Fl. December, 492.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
HIBISCUS micrantuvs, Linn. f. Suppl. 308.
Mulema. Fl. April, 200.
Native name * Kazinga." “Low shrub 3 ft. Grows on
ant-hils. Red flower."
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropies.
H. aossyPrNus, Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 118.
Gully above Mulema. Fl. May, 311.
Native name “ Musinga.” “Stem used as a tooth-brush and
as handles for spears."
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.
H. zruroPrCus, Linn. Mant. ii. 258.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 228.
Native name “ Niakun."
Distrib, Nile Land, Cape.
H. piversirouivs, Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. t. 551.
Kitura Koki. Fl. August, 380. Lake Shore, Musozi. Fl.
February, 155.
Native name “ Kagei, “Rope made from the bast.”
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 441.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropieal Africa.
STERCULIACE E.
STERCULIA sp.
Island of Buvüina. Fr. March, 656.
Tree, flowers not obtained. Follicles woody, shortly stipi-
tate, covered externally with a close brown tomeitum,
shortly pointed.
Dompeya Masrznsrr, Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. tab. 5639 (1867).
Near Kikobe Ferry, R. Kagera. Fl. March, 185.
Native name “ Nkarabu." “ Bark used to make rope. A
low shrub. Flowers white.”
The following appears to be a variety of this species differing
from type in the deeply lobed leaves and fewer flowers in
the inflorescence :—
Near Mulema. FI. May, 304.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.;. 187
Native name “ Makokwa.” ** Woody stems used in hut-
building. Shrubby, 10 ft. high.”
Distrib. Nile Land — Central African Lake-Region,
Mozambique District.
DowBEYA PEDUNCULATA, K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenwelt Ost-
Afr. C. 269.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 451.
Shrub with pink flowers.
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.
D. (S Eudombeya) BAGSHAWEI, sp. nov.
Frutex ramis validis lignosis brunneo-corticatis, lenticellosis
precipue sursum + brunneo-tomentosis; folis modice
petiolatis, petiolo manifeste rufo-tomentoso, latissime
suborbicularibus, 3- vel sub 5-lobatis, lobis rotundatis,
latioribus quam longis utrinque dense tomentosis subtus
pallidioribus margine irregulariter denticulatis palmatim
8-9 nerviis ; inflorescentia pedunculata furcata, pedunculo
ramulisque rufo-tomentosis ; floribus pro rata longiuseule
pedicellatis, bracteolis caducis, ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis,
subaeuminatis ; petalis valde obliquis inter mediocres
generis; staminibus 15 cum staminodiis 5 liguleformibus
alternantibus, stamine medio triadum brevissimo, stylis
cinereo- vel flavo-tomentosis, ovario pentamero, extus
tomentoso.
Hab. Irunga. Fl. November, 1903. 391.
* Flowers white with red centres.”
Folia 65-7 cm. longa, 11-12:5 em. lata. Pedunculi 5:0-
7:0 em. longi, multiflori. Petala 12-13 mm. longa.
Following K. Schumann (Sterculiacee Africans, p. 20) this
plant belongs to the first series in the Bect. Eudombeya, in
which the peduncle bears more than three flowers.
D. ($ Xeropetalum) RETICULATA, Masters, in Oliver, Fl. Trop.
Afr. i. 228.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. April, 213.
Native name “ Numkde." “ Wood used for handles for
tools. A shrub resembling an almond-tree in blossom ;
masses of flower; few leaves; flowers white, with faint
pink tinge.”
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 261.
Native name “ Mukde."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
128 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
WALTHERIA AMERICANA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 673.
Below Ruchigga. Fl. December, 497.
Distrib. Generally distributed throughout Tropical Africa.
TILIACEA.
QREWIA BICOLOR, Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. iv. (1804) 90.
Mulema. Fl. April, 196.
Native name *Mukoma." * Wood used for sticks and
handles of tools."
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 615.
Shrub with yellow flowers.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
G. SIMILIS, K. Schum. in Engler, Jahrb. xv. (1892) 118.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 221.
Native name “ Mukoma." “Shafts for spears. Shrub with
blue flower.”
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. FI. May, 287.
Native name “ Mukomakazi." “ Posts used in hut-building.
Shrub with white flowers.”
No, 222 is probably a form of this species.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
G. MOLLIS, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. (1804) 91.
Island of Buvama. Fl. August, 610.
Shrub with pink corolla and white sepals.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land.
TRIUMFETTA PILOSA, Roth, Nov. Sp. 223.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 13.
Native name * Binsambwe." “ Fibre used.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea. Also in South Africa,
India, &e.
T. RHOoMBOIDEA, Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 22.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 14.
Native name * Binsambwe."
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.
T. annua, Linn. Mant. i. 73.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 429.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.
GLYPHHA GREWIOIDES, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 760.
North of mouth of Bakora. Fl. & Fr. January, 136.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALA. 129
Native name * Muzira.” “A shrub from which walking-
sticks are cut.”
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.
LINER.
HvaoNrA PLATYSEPALA, Welw. apud Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i.
272.
Lake shore, near mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 563.
“ Tree with yellow flowers."
A form with rather smaller flowers than type; outer sepals
curved outwards at the margins, inner shortly apiculate.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea.
MALPIGHIACES.
FLABELLARIA PANICULATA, Cav. Diss. 436, t. 264.
Var. MOLLIS, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 232.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. January, 83.
* A woody twiner. Fruit seen 40 ft. up."
Distrib. of variety. Central African Lake- Region.
G'ERANIACE X.
Monsonta BIFLORA, DC. Prod. i. 638.
Hillside, near Mulema. Fl. May, 292.
** Prostrate herb with whitish-blue flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea; also Cape.
GERANIUM SIMENSE, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 116.]
Ruchigga, alt. 7000-8000 ft. Fl. December, 469, 472, 528.
“ Herb with blue or pink flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
OXALIS CORNICULATA, Linn.; var. STRICTA, Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr.
i. 297.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 297.
Near River Rufüa. Fl. December, 512.
Distrib. A weed of cultivation in nearly all warm countries.
IMPATIENS BAGSHAWET, sp. nov.
Caulis erectus herbaeeus subsimplex vel sparse ramosus,
internodiis inferioribus quam foliis 2-3-plo longioribus,
superioribus brevioribus, ad nodos s:epe tentaeulis glandu-
losis instructis ; foliis breviuscule petiolatis, oppositis,
130
BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
lanceolatis vel ovato-laneeolatis, sepissime 3-4-plo longi-
oribus quam latis, ad apieem attenuatis, basi rotundatis
vel leviter subcordatis, discoloribus, costa subtus distincta
supra haud conspicua, pennatinerviis, nerviis lateralibus
subtus prominulis erecto-patulis arcuatis, margine serratis;
pedunculis strietis erectis vel erecto-patulis, tenuibus,
glabris, quam folia brevioribus, paucifloris, axillaribus ;
floribus parviuseulis, graciliter pedicellatis ; sepalis later-
alibus oblongo-ovatis obtusis quam petala brevioribus,
labello infundibuliformi in calear incurvatum et applan-
atum apiee acutum abrupte exeunte, calearibus quam
flores longioribus; fructibus brevibus, inflatis, apice acutis
inequiateralibus, lineis paucis longitudinaliter notatis,
glabris.
Hab. Near mouth of Kagera River. * Herb in swamps
with pink flowers." Fl. & Fr. Feb. 1904. 552.
Caulis usque ad fere 70 em. alt., internodiis inferioribus
,
5:0-9:0 em. longis, superioribus 3:0-4'0 cm. longis. Folia
3:0—5:0 em. longa, 1:0-1:2 em. lata. Petiolus brevis 2:0—
3:0 mm. longus.
This plant would fall in Series A of Dr. Warburg's Balsa-
minacem Africans (Engler, Bot. Jahrb. xxii. 46) in the section
of this series in which the inflorescence is more than 1-flowered.
RuTACEX.
TODDALIA NOBILIS, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 306.
Hillside, Mulema. FI. April, 250.
Native name “ Muzo.” ‘Spears and walking-stieks made
of this. A spreading shrub with yellow flowers and dotted
leaves."
Musozi. Fl. January, 110. Native name * Nzo." “Tree-
mallets made for hammering bark cloth."
Distrib. Nile Land. Mozambique District.
The following is probably another species of Toddalia, but
fruit is required for determination :—
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 428. Island of Buvüma. Fl.
March, 621.
* Shrub with dotted leaves and yellow greenish flowers.”
ZANTHOXYLON NITENS, Hiern, in Welw. Cat. 1. 112.
Island of Buvúma. Fr. March, 653.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL:. 131
“Thorny shrub with greenish-white flowers.”
Only 9 collected.
Distrib. Angola.
CLAUSENA ANISATA, Hook. fil. in Niger Fl. 256.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. June, 355.
“ Shrub with inconspicuous flowers and dotted leaves.’
Distrib. of type. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
Var. MurLTIJUGA, Welw. ex Hiern. in Welw. Cat, i. 116.
Irunga. Fl. November, 390.
“Shrub with whitish flowers and dotted leaves.”
Distrib. Angola.
>
SIMARUBE EF.
HARRISONIA ABYSSINICA, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 311.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 296.
Native name * Ente erungu.” “ Low shrub with greenish
flowers.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique district.
OcHNACES.
OCHNA sp.
In forest at edge of swamp near Kanabulem. Fr.
February, 170.
Native name “ Mowa.” “Used for posts in building. A
shrub, flowers not seen."
BunsERACEX.
COMMIPHORA AFRICANA, Engler, in DC. Mon. Phan. iv. 14.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. April, 214.
Native name ** Mesesi." ‘* Wood used for handles for tools.
Low shrub. Flowers red."
Distrib. Nile Land.
Canarium Scuwermrurtait, Engler, in. DC. Mon. Phan. iv.
145.
Musozi. Fl. January, 111.
Native name * Mpafu." “Large tree with great spread of
branches. Flower green. Fruit a drupe.”
Distrib. Nile Land. Upper and Lower Guinea.
LINN. JOURN. — BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. L
132 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION,
MELIACE X.
TvRnzA VoaErm, Hook. fil. in Niger Fl. 258.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January, 75.
Native name * Makansi." ‘ Used for posts and sticks. A
low thin shrub; flowers white with white staminal tube;
seeds black.”
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.
EKEBERGIA P COMPLANATA, Sp. nov.
Arbor ramulis fusco-pubescentibus; foliis longiuscule petio-
latis, apice ramulorum dispositis, 6-7-jugis, foliolis oppo-
sitis, brevissime petiolulatis, obovato-oblongis vel oblongis,
basi euneatis, apice acute euspidatis, utrinque + pubes-
centibus, subtus pallidioribus, nervis secundariis sub-
patulis adscendentibus ; paniculis quam folia multoties
brevioribus, pedunculatis, puberulis ; ealyee subeampanu-
lato, subobtuse 5-dentato, extus puberulo; petalis 5,
ovatis, extus pubescentibus; staminibus in tubum petalis
paullo breviorem coalitis; antheris 10 in margine tubi
sessilibus glabris ellipticis, disco brevi glabro annulari;
ovario 4—5-loculari, stylo glabro ovario equilongo,
stigmate crasso, obconico 4-5-lobulato.
Hab. Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March
1904. 600.
“ Tree with white flowers.”
Folia 22-32 em. longa. Foliola 5:5-7:5 em. longa, 22-2-7
cm. lata, nervo medio supra impresso. Pedunculus 13-
17 em. longus, inferne complanatus. Petala + 4 mm.
longa, 2 mm. lata.
Differs from Æ. senegalensis, A. Juss., by the leaflets being in
6-7 pairs aud more or less pubescent above and below. Fruit is
required.
E. SENEGALENSIS, Á. Juss. var. cortacea, C. DC.; floribus,
5-meris ; calycis dentibus acutis; petalis 5, ovatis,
pubescentibus, © 3:5 mm. longis; tubo urceolato tomen-
toso, + 2 mm. longo; antheris 10, ovario glabro 5-loculari ;
stylo glabro, stigmate capitato.
Hab. Kitara. In flower, August 9th, 1903. 378.
I have made the above notes, as this variety was described
from fruiting specimens.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALJ. 133
EkEBERGIA PETITIANA, A. Rich., var. nov. AUSTRALIS; arbor
cortice nigrescente, foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis s:epissime
7-9 lanceolatis, basi valde inequilateris, glabris subtus haud
glaueis ; racemis folio multoties brevioribus ; floribus
4- vel 5-meris, ealycis dentibus semiovalibus ; petalis
oblongis obtusis; ovario 2-loculari.
Hab. Ruchigga. In flower December 1903. 466.
* Tree with white flowers."
Distrib. of the type. Abyssinia.
TRICHILIA EMETICA, Vahl, Symb. i. 31.
Coast of Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 576.
“Tree with pale yellow flowers.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.
CHAILLETIACER.
DICHAPETALUM BUVUMENSE, sp. nov.
Frutex cortice brunneo-lutescente, ramulis novellis puberulis,
foliis chartaceis, adultis utrinque glabris, oblongis vel
anguste obovato-oblongis, apice acutis, costa superne
impressa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-8 arcuatim
adscendentibus, prope marginem arcuatim connectis,
venis reticulatis ; petiolis brevibus, cinereo-pubescentibus ;
peduneulis subnullis eymas congestas ferentibus; sepalis
oblongo-lanceolatis, pubescentibus, apice obtusis; petalis
quam sepala liplo longioribus, longe cuneiformibus
usque ad medium bilobis, lobis lineari-oblongis ; stamini-
bus quam petala longioribus, ovario ovoideo in stylum
superne tenuem filiformem petala superantem contracto,
stigmate breviter trifido.
Hab. Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyauza. March 1904.
595.
Folia 9:0-12:0 em. longa, 3°8-5*2 lata. Petiolus 2-3 mm.
longus. Sepala +3 mm. louga. Petala angusta, 4°5 mm.
longa. Stamina + 6 mm. longa. Stylus + 6:5 mm.
longus.
Species D. acutifolia, Engler, affinis, differt pedunculis
brevioribus, foliis longioribus, &c.
No. 650, also from the Island of Buvüma, may belong to this
genus, but there are no flowers.
Dr. Bagshawe notes that the eut surface of the branches give
out a smell as of sulphuretted hydrogen.
L2
134 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
OLACINER.
XIMENIA AMERICANA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1193.
Island of Buvima. Fl. & Fr. March, 666.
* Shrub with dark red flowers and bright red fruits.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa, also in
Tropical America.
LEPTAULUS DAPHNOIDES, Benth. in. Benth. & Hook. fil. Gen. Pl.
i. 351.
Island of Buvüma. FJ. March, 637.
* Shrub with white flowers.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea.
APODYTES BENINENSE, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 778.
Mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 161. Coast of Victoria
Nyanza, Uganda, 582.
Native name * Kafumbo.” ‘A liane; from the bark are
made lines for fishing. Flowers white.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea and Lower Guinea.
CELASTRACEE.
GYMNOSPORIA SENEGALENSIS, Loes.
Var. INERMIS, Rich., forma cortacea, Loes. in Engler, Jahrb.
xvii. (1893) 541.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 211.
“ Shrub with white flowers."
Var. INERMIS, forma MACROCARPA, Loes. l. c. 542.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 256.
Native name * Munyaburuk." “ Handles made for hatchets.
Shrub with white flowers.”
Var. spinosa, Engler, Jahrb. xvii. (1893) 542.
In gully near Mulema. Fl. May, 293.
Native name * Omwah." “Spoons made from the wood.
Shrub with white flowers."
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropieal Africa; Mediter-
ranean Region and eastward to India.
G. FASCICULATA, Loes. in Engler, Jahrb, xix. (1893) 232.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. February, 162.
Native name * Mpoko." * Walking-sticks cut. A large
shrub; flowers greenish."
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALX. 135
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 263.
Distrib. Mozambique District. Also in the Comoro Islands.
ErxopENDRON ÆTHIOPICUM, Oliver, in Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 365.
Irunga. Fl. November, 385.
* Trees with greenish flower."
Distrib. Lower Guinea; Mozambique District.
RHAMNEE.
ScUTIA INDICA, Brongn., var. OBLONGIFOLIA, Engler, in Jahrb.
xix. (1901) Beibl. no. 47. 37.
Near Mulema. May, 303.
Native name “ Mugusha.” “Shrub. Fruit eaten."
Distrib. Kilimanjaro District.
HEriNUS MYsTACINUS, E. Meyer, ex Steud. Nom. ed. IL. 1. 742.
Ruehigga. Fl. November, 453.
* Climbing shrub with greenish-white flowers."
Gorge near Mulema. Fl. April, 262.
Native name * Muvimba." “Given to cows to produce
milk."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
AMPELIDEX,
Cissus arauta, Hook. fil. in Niger Fl. 261.
Musozi. December, 65.
Distrib. Upper Guiuea.
C. QUADRANGULARIS, Linn. Mant. i. 39.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 193.
Native name * Kagenzanda." “Climber; flowers reddish.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa. Also
Arabia, Comoro Is., Madagascar, &e.
C. ADENOCAULIS, Steud. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 111.
Near Mulema. May, 308.
Native name * Kibombo." “A climber: the fleshy root is
used as an aperient.”
Distrib, Nile Land, Mozambique District.
There are also two other species of Cissus insufficiently repre-
sented in the collection,—No. 151 gathered on the Lake shore,
Musozi, Native name “ Kikasakasa’’; and No. 307 from near
Mulema, Native name “ Kibombo.”
136 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
Lera avINEENSIS, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 712.
Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 612.
Distrib. Tropical Africa and Islands.
SAPINDACEX.
CARDIOSPERMUM GRANDIFLORUM, Swartz, var. ELEGANS, Hiern,
in Welw. Cat. Part i. 166.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 618.
“ Liane with pinkish-white flowers."
Distrib. Lower Guinea.
PAULLINIA PINNATA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 366.
Musozi. Fl. January, 115.
Native name * Kabugu." ** Climber used to make baskets.”
Hillside, Musozi. Fr. January, 118.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa; also in
Madagascar and Tropical America.
ALLOPHYLLUS AFRICANUS, Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 54, t. 107.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January, 77.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.
A. SUBCORIACEUS, sp. nov.
Frutex foliis parviusculis, breviuscule petiolatis, petiolo
demum glabro, foliolis lateralibus quam terminalibus
paullo brevioribus, subcoriaceis, oblongis, basin versus
angustatis, omnibus subsessilibus, margine integris vel
hine inde serratis, utrinque glabris, nervis venisque
utrinque subtus prominentibus ; inflorescentia nune
simplice pseudo-racemosa, nune ramos utrinque emittente
sepissime folium subduplo superante; floribus generis,
albis parvulis, in cymulas approximatas dispositis, rhachi
pedieellisque pilosulis.
Hab. Near Mulema. Fl. May 1903. 264.
Native name * Mtete.” “Sticks rubbed together and used to
produce fire. A spreading shrub with white flowers."
Foliola 3:5—-5:5 em. longa, l:5-2:1 em. lata. Petiolus com-
munis, 8-13 mm. longus.
Not closely allied to any species of which I have seen speci-
mens. Noticeable on account of the rather small, subcoriaceous
leaflets and small numerous flowers in few-flowered cymules.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.. 137
ALLOPHYLLUS LATEFOLIOLATUS, Sp. nov.
Frutex ramulis pubescentibus, foliis mediocriter petiolatis,
petiolo pubescente, foliolis late ovatis, lateralibus oblique
oblongo-ovatis, intermedio basin rotundato vel latissime
euneato, apice acuminato, lateralibus basi oblique subeor-
datis vel rotundatis, circiter 12 plo longioribus quam latis,
ommibus papyraceis, margine grosse serratis, utrinque
glabratis, nervis pilosulis, nervis venisque utrinque sub-
equaliter prominentibus ; inflorescentia pseudo-racemosa,
paullo folium superante ; floribus generis, brevipedicellatis
in eymulas inferne remotas dispositis, rhachi pedicellis
calycibusque pilosiusculis.
Species A. Welwitschii, Gilg, affinis, sed floribus majoribus.
Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. February 4th, 1903. 153.
Native name “ Kakoto." “Shrub, fish-baskets made.
Flowers white.”
Foliola 6:0-10*0 em. longa, 4-6°5 em. lata. Petiolus com-
munis, 2:5—4*0 cm. longus.
A, PSEUDO-PANICULATUS, Sp. nov.
Frutex foliis mediocriter petiolatis, petiolo patenti rufo-
hirsuto, trifoliolatis, foliolis oblongis vel oblongo-obovatis,
intermedio basin versus sensim longe euneato-angustato
apiee aeuminato, lateralibus quam terminalibus paullo
brevioribus, basi oblique subrotundatis, omnibus papy-
raceis, precipue in parte superiore argute serratis, utrinque
+ pilosulis, nervis venisque subtus prominentibus ;
inflorescentia eopiose ramosa pseudo-panieulata folium
superante; floribus generis, numerosis in eyinulas dispositis,
rhachi rufo-tomentosa, pedicellis calycibusque glabris.
Hab. Hill near R. Rufáa. Jannary 1904. 544.
* Shrub with white flowers only. & only.
“Minute petals covered with white hairs; disc orange-red,
4-lobed."
Foliola 6:0-9-0 em. longa, 3:0-3:8 em. lata. Petiolus com-
munis, 4/0—5:0 em. longus.
Differs from A. stachyanthus, Gilg, especially in the apex ot
the leaflets.
DEINBOLLIA FULVO-TOMENTELLA, Sp. NOV.
Arbor 10-pedalis, foliis magnis eire. 7-jugis, foliolis amplis
oppositis vel suboppositis coriaceis, petiolulo erasso brevi
188
BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
tenuiter puberulo, oblongis, penninerviis, nerviis lateralibus
utrinque sepissime 11-13, prope marginem arcuatis et
inter se conjunctis, supra impressis, fere glabris, subtus
reticulatis et pubescentibus ad apicem attenuatis apice
ipso obtusis, basi rotundatis, panicule ramulis precipue
inferne + elongatis, tenuiter fulvo-tomentellis ; floribus
masculis albis; sepalis concavis imbricatis, dorso rufo-
pubescentibus margine subseariosis ; petalis unguiculatis,
ovatis + albo-hirtis, ad basin squamula magna tomentosa
instructis; staminibus circa 18-20, petalis subsequilongis,
filamentis pubescentibus, diseo manifeste conspicuo.
Species D. insigni, Hook. fil., valde affinis.
Hab. Island of Wema, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March 1904,
d onlv. 592.
Folia 50-60 em. longa. — Folicla 16-245 em. longa, 7-9 cm.
lata. Sepala 4-5 mm. longa. Petala + 6 mm. longa +
4mm, lata. Filamenta + 5 mm. longa.
PAPPEA UGANDENSIS, sp. nov.
Frutex ramis vetustioribus nigrescenti-corticatis, foliis
m ,
apicem ramulorum versus confertis, oblongis, apice obtusis,
basi rotundatis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 10-17 subtus
prominentibus, modice petiolatis, junioribus utrinque
brevissime tomentosis, adultioribus supra demum gla-
bratis; inflorescentia axillari, spleato-racemosa; calyce
cupulari 5-lobato, in flore 3 staminibus 8, exsertis, ovario
rudimentario, in flore 9 ovario 2-lobo, 3-loculari hirsuto,
disco annulari hy pogyno, stylo brevi crasso erecto superne
longitudinaliter tristigmatoso.
Species P.capensi, Ecklon & Zeyher, affinis, differt floribus
brevissime pedicellatis, racemis foemincis quam racemis
masculis longioribus, filamentis longioribus.
Hab. Hillside, Mulema. Fl. June 1903. 369.
“Shrub with inconspicuous flowers.”
Folia 5:0-10 em. longa, 2°3-4°5 em. lata. — Petiolus 6-10 mm.
longus. Fl. d filamentis + 1:5 ium. longis sparse pilo-
sulis. Fl. 9 stylus + 1:5 mm. longus,
DODONÆA viscosa, Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19.
Below Ruchigga, alt. 5,600 ft. FI. December, 521.
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALX. 139
Bersama Horsti, Giirke, in Engler, Jahrb. xix. (1894) Beibl.
n. 47. 36.
Hab. Kitara, Koki. August, 379.
* Tree with white flowers.”
A. plant with unopened flowers, presumably identical with
the type which was collected by Holst in Usambara.
B. rAULLINIOIDES, Baker, in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr. 1. 435.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 398.
* Free with white flowers."
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.
ANACARDIACE.E.
ANAPHRENIUM PULCHERRIMUM, Schweinf. Fl. Æthiop. Beitr. i. 32.
Mulema. Fl. May, 306.
Native name * Mukerenge." “Tree with white flowers and
white latex."
Distrib. Nile Land.
Rus vitrosa, Linn., var. TOMENTOSA, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i.
439.
Hillside, Musozi. Fl. January, 123.
Native name “ Kakansu."
Another form of this species was collected at Musozi. Fl.
December, 50.
Native name * Msese.” “Small branches used as a tooth
stick."
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa.
R. arAucEsCENS, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 143.
Near Mulema, Fl. May, 192.
Native name * Msese." * An infusion of the leaves is taken
for pain iu the abdomen. Shrub with green flowers.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
There is another species of Rhus in the collection from
lrunga, 384, of which only 9 fs. were obtained.
PSEUDOSPONDIAS microcarpa, Engler, in DC. Mon. Phan. iv.
258.
Mouth of Kagera. Fr. December, 71. Lake shore,
Musozi. Fl. February, 163.
Native name * Nkoba." “Planks eut for canoes. Tree,
flowers white. Wood contains resin."
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.
140 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
LANNEA RUFESCENS, Engler, Jahrb. xxiv. 495.
Arbor ramulis floriferis dense rufescenti-tomentosis quam
folia brevioribus ; pedicellis brevissimis; calycis segmentis
ovatis; petalis oblongo-ovatis, calyce triplo longioribus;
staminum filamentis petala brevioribus (in floribus mas-
culis); ovario rudimentario stylis coronato.
Hab. In gorge near Mulema. June 19083. 267. “Tree
with reddish-green flowers, which come out before the
leaves."
Inflorescentia 5-12°5 em. longa. Petala + 3 mm. longa.
Anthere 1:25 mm. longe.
A deseription of the flowers is given, as Engler's specimens
were sterile.
L. STUHLMANNI, Engler, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 214.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 286.
Native name “ Mserot." ‘* Wood used for posts in hut-
building. Shrub with yellow flowers."
Distrib. Mozambique District.
L. rutva, Engler, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 213.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 347 & 354.
* Shrub with greenish or whitish flowers."
Distrib. Victoria Nyanza.
CONNARACER.
AGELHA NITIDA, Solander, ev Planchon, in Linnea, xxii. (1850)
437.
Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 609.
Distrib. Upper Guinea.
A species of Connarus was obtained near the mouth of the
River Kagera, 158, but without flowers.
LEGUMLNOS&.
CROTALARIA ADENOCARPOIDES, Jaubert, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt
Ost- Afr. C. 206?
Hab. Ruchigga. November, 404.
* Shrubby plant; flowers brown and yellow."
Differs from the type in having a short raceme. Closely
allied also to C. argyrolobioides, Baker, from the Nyika
Plateau.
C. IMPERIALIS, Taubert, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 206.
Hillside, Musozi. F!. & Fr. December, 46.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALE. 141
Native name * Ksamba Ndega." “Shrub with flowers
greenish-yellow."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.
CROTALARIA CEPHALOTES, Steud. ev A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.i. 156.
Near Mulema. April, 206.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Nile Land.
C. LANCEOLATA, E. Meyer, Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 24.
Ruchigga, 7000 feet. Fl. November, 421.
“ Erect plant, 8 ft. high, with yellow flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
The following is another species of
CROTALARIA, but without pods.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 234.
Native name * Munyakishak." ‘“Tubers eaten. Flowers
yellow streaked with brown."
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 253.
Native name * Katarugum." ‘ Root eaten for toothache.
Herb with yellow flowers striped with brown."
ApENOCARPUS Manntt, Hook. fil. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. vii.
(1864) 189.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 424. “Shrub with conspicuous
yellow flowers.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea.
TRIFOLIUM PoLYsTACHYUM, Fresen. in Flora, xxii. (1839) 50.
River Rufüa, alt, 4400 ft. Fl. December, 536.
Herb in marshy ground with pink flowers.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District.
T. suBROTUNDUM, Hochst. et Steud. in Flora, xxiv. (1841) i.
Intell. 325 A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 172.
River Rufüa. F]. December, 508.
* Herb with pink flowers in 6 in. water."
The following are also allied to this species:—
On a hill near Rufüa. Fl. January, 550. With calyx-tube
+ 3mm.long, teeth 5 mm. Standard oblanceolate, 7-8
mm. long.
Ruchigga, alt. 7000 feet. Fl. November, 413. Herb with
red flowers with 10-ribbed calyx and linear setaceous
teeth.
Distrib. Nile Land, Upper and Lower Guinea.
142 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY CCMMISSION.
INDIGOFERA (§ Acanthonotus) DREPANOCARPA, ZTaubert, in Engl.
Pflanzenwelt Ost- Afr. C. 209.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 18.
* Shrubby, prostrate; flowers red."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.
InpigoFERx (§ Tinctorim) sp.
I. macrophylla, Schum. & Thonn., affinis, differt ambitu
foliolorum, vexillo juvenili extus fulvo-tomentello, foliolis
sepissime 11-13 etc., et ab T. emarginella, Steud., differt
racemis longioribus etc.
Hab. Ruchigga. Fl. November 1908. 443.
* Shrub with dark orange flowers."
InpIGoFERA BaAGSHAWET, sp. nov.
Frutex erectus ramosus. Rami virgati erecti vel suberecti
sursum + albo-strigosi deorsum glabri, foliis in siccitate
nigrescenti-cinereis imparipinnatis szepissime 3-jugis cum
impari, rarissime 2-1-jugis cum impari, foliolis oblanceo-
latis 3-4plo longioribus quam latis utrinque + albo-
strigosis, costa superne impressa subtus conspicua, apice
acutis petiolulis brevissimis foliolis lateralibus oppositis ;
racemis nune quam foliis brevoribus nune paullo longiori-
bus, pedunculis tenuibus albo-strigosis laxiuseule pauci-
floris, pedicellis tenuibus brevibus s:pissime quam calyce
brevioribus, calyce extus albo-strigoso, calycis lobis anguste
lanceolatis acutis tubo subeequilongis, floribus rubris (ex
collect.) in speciminibus mihi obviis delapsis, legumine
juvenili cinereo recto etoruloso lateraliter subcompresso
extus albo-strigoso paucispermo stigmate coronato.
I. heterocarpe, Welw., affinis.
Hab. Musozi. Shrabby plant. Sand by Lake. Flowers
red. Fl. December, 11.
Folia 1:0-I:3 em. longa. Foliola 8-11 mm. longa, 2-3 mm.
lata. Pedunculi 1:0-2:0 em. longi, pedicelli sepe vix 1 mm.
longi. Calycis tubus +15 mm. longi. Legumen juvenile
3-6 mm. longum.
The difference between this and J. heterocarpa is very marked
in the dried state, the former being silvery-black, the latter
remaining green; the former also branches some distance from
the base, the latter from the base.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALE. 143
INDIGOFERA HIRSUTA, Linn., var. POLYSTACHYA, Welw. ex Baker,
in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 89.
Ruchigga, alt. 7200 ft. Fl. December, 523.
Shrub with dark red flowers.
Distrib, Angola.
Teparosta Voorrit, Hook. fil. in Niger Flora, 296.
Hillside, Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 41.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Nile Land, and Mozam-
bique Distriet.
T. Nxasz, Baker fil, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. IT. Bot. iv.
(1895) 9.
Irunga. Fl. November, 389. Ruchigga, alt. 6000-7000 ft.
Fl. November, 426.
“Shrub with bluish flowers.”
Distrib. Nyasa-land.
T. PANICULATA, Welw. ex Baker, in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr. ii.
122.
Mouth of Kagera. Fl. December, 26. Ruchigga. Fl.
November, 442.
“Shrub with orange-coloured flowers.”
Distrib. Angola.
SESBANIA EGYPTIACA, Poir. Encycl. Méth. vii. 128.
Below Ruchigga, alt. 6000 ft. Fl. December, 491.
" Trees with yellow flowers and dusky standards."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land.
Extends through Tropieal Asia to North Australia.
S. ACULEATA, Poir. Encycl. Méth. vii. 198.
Near Mulema. Fl. May, 294.
Native name * Munyezenyege." * Yellow flowers."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Mozambique District; also Natal
and through Tropical Asia to Australia.
DIPHACA tricnocarpa, Taubert, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-
Afr. C. 213.
Near River Kagera, Mulema. Fl. April, 198.
Native name * Muwendobisa.” ^ * Kraals for cattle are
made of this."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.
144 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
ÆSCHYNOMENE SCHIMPERI, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.
i. 202.
Mouth of Kagera. Fl. & Fr. December, 24.
Distrib. Nile Land.
Æ. invica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 713.
In swamp, River Rufta. Fl. December, 507.
Distrib. Widely spread m Tropical Africa.
Smirnta Korscuyt, Benth. in Mig. Pl. Jungh. 211.
Musozi. Fl. February, 149. Ruchigga. Fl. November,
403.
“ Shrub with glandular hairs and yellow flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land.
S. ÆSCHYNOMENOIDES, Welw. ex Baker, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr.
ii. 153.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 395.
“Shrub with white flowers with faint blue stripes."
Distrib. Angola.
ZORNIA DIPHYLLA, Pers. Syn. ii. 318.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 236. Near River Rufüa.
Fl. December, 505.
Distrib. Widely distributed in the Tropics.
Drsmopium Scarrr, DC. Prod. ii. 834.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 478.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa. Also
Natal, Masearene Islands, East Indies, and Malaya.
Pycrospora HEDYSARIOIDES, R. Br. ex Wight & Arn. Prod.
197.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 233.
Native name “ Kazuganji." “Used for cough."
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Asia. Australia.
Pseuparturta Hooxkznr, Wight 4 Arn. Prod. Fl. Ind. 209.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. February, 148.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District ;
also Natal.
Vicia sativa, Linn., var. ABYSSINICA, Baker, in Oliver, Fl.
Trop. Afr. i. 172.
Ruchigga, alt. 7500 ft. Fl. December, 471.
“ Herb with bluish-pink flowers.”
Distrib. Nile Land.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.E. 145
ABRUS PRECATORIUS, Linn. Syst. ed. XII. 479.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. June, 370.
Distrib. Widely distributed throughout the Tropies.
A. PULCHELLUS, Wall. ex Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 91.
Island of Buvüma. Fr. March, 652.
Distrib. Nile Land, Upper Guinea, Central African Lake-
Region. Also in Tropical Asia.
ERYTHRINA TOMENTOSA, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 62.
Ruchigga, alt. 7200 ft. Fl. December, 531.
“ Tree 25 ft., with scarlet flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
E. BAasuaWET, sp. nov.
Arbor vel frutex, ramis cinereo- vel albido-corticatis, spinis
brevibus nigrescentibus; foliolis 3 ovato-lanceolatis vel
suborbicularibus, basi rotundatis, apice acutis, margine
integris haud lobatis, nervis lateralibus erecto-patulis,
utrinque 8-10, modice petiolulatis, preter nervos glabri-
usculis; racemis axillaribus ; floribus coccineis, pedun-
culis fusco-tomentellis ; calyce spathaceo, subeoriaceo,
glabriuseulo, laciniis brevibus ; vexillo alis longiori,
subsessili, ezeteras partes floris amplectente ; alis inzequi-
lateraliter oblongis, brevissime unguiculatis, glabris ;
ovario stipitato pluriovulato; stylo incurvo; leguminibus
basi in stipitem attenuatis, plurispermis, valvis extus
coriaceis molliter et breviter tomentosis.
Species E. Brucei, Schweinf., affinis, differt racemis floribus
paucioribus, pedunculis fusco-tomentellis non lanato-
tomentosis.
Hab. Sandy soil north of mouth of River Bakora.
January 1903. 137.
Native name "**Murungu." * Wood used for drums. A
shrub or tree, circumference, 5 it. from the ground, 8 ft. ;
thorns on trunk ; flowers red, very few leaves."
Foliola 7:0-11:5 em. longa, 4°5-6°7 cm. lata. Calyx +
25 em. longus, Vexillum externe glabrum + 27-
2'8 cm. longum, subsessile. Al» + 1 cm. longe. Carina
vexillo multo minor suborbicularis 6-7 mm. longa.
146 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
PHASEOLUS SCHIMPERI, Tuubert, in Engler, Hochgebirgsfl. 267.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 235.
“Trailing plant with purple flowers and large woody
rhizome."
Distrib. Nile Land.
VIGNA FRAGRANS, Sp. Nov.
Caulis subvolubilis striatus precipue superne griseo-tomen-
tosus, foliis mediocriter petiolatis, trifoliolatis, utrinque
tomentosis, terminalibus trilobatis, lobo medio majore,
apice obtusis mueronatis, basi late euneatis, petiolulatis,
foliolis lateralibus subsessilibus inzequilateraliter trilobatis,
nerviis subtus prominentibus, stipulis persistentibus,
lanceolatis striatis; pedunculis sparsissime pilosulis, apice
1-2-3.floris ; foribus cæruleis; calyce campanulato,
ineiniis triangularibus, subacuminatis, hirtis, quam tubus
brevioribus; vexillo extus glabro, suborbiculari, unguicu-
lato ealycem pluries excedente; alis oblique oblongo-
subobovatis, basi auricula instructis; stylo arcuato,
incurvo, infra apicem biseriatim barbato, stigmate laterali,
ovali-globoso ; leguminibus plurispermis, extra pilosulis,
subtorulosis, calyeem multoties excedentibus.
Species V. trilobe, Walp. affinis, differt calyce breviore, ete.
Hab. Hillside, Mulema. FI. April, 232.
Native name “ Niahenge.” “Seeds eaten. Trailing herb
with large fibrous rhizome. Flowers blue and fragrant
(keel petals white)."
Foliola terminalia 2:0-2:3 cm. longa, lateralia l:5-l's em.
longa. Peduneuli 6°0-12°5 cm. longi. Calyx 5-6 mm.
longus. Carina 17-18 nim. longa.
If the genus Liebrechtsia, De Wildem. (Fl. Katanga, 70), be
maintained, it would include the above species. The differeuces
in the style and stigma do not. however, seem sufficiently marked
to warrant its separation from Vigna.
ERIOSEMA MONTANUM, Baker fil., in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. (1895)
142.
Ruchigga. Fl. December, 475.
* Shrub with yellow flowers, 4 ft. high."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet.
E. aroMERATUM, Hook. fil. in Niger Flora, 313.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. January, 73.
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAL.E. 147
RHYNCHOSIA CYANOSPERMA, Benth. ex Baker, in Oliver, Fl.
Trop. Afr. ii. 218.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 635.
‘Twining shrub with wallflower-coloured petals.”
Distrib. Mozambique District. Also Mascarene Islands and
India.
R. rEstnosa, Hochst. ex Baker, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 218.
Near Mulema. Fl. March, 191.
Native name * Kashaka Kalibioya." “ From the leaves a
liniment is made. Low shrub with yellow-green flowers
and glandular hairs.”
Distrib. Nile Land.
DALBERGIA UGANDENSIS, sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramis plumbeo-corticatis lignosis, striatis,
glabris, novellis nigrescenti-corticatis, foliolis subeoriaceis,
sepissime 8-12, alternis, oblongis, basi rotundatis, apiee
rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis, costa superne im-
pressa, subtus conspicua, nervis lateralibus tenuibus
numerosis, erecto-patulis, utrinque glabris, subtus palli-
dioribus, petiolis petiolulisque glabris, stipulis deciduis ;
floribus panieulatis, panieula axillari et terminali fulvo-
tomentosa; calyce extus fulvo-tomentoso, segmentis
ovatis quam tubo pluries brevioribus ; petalis violaceis ;
vexillo carinam excedente, ovato-oblongo, unguiculato,
carina obtusa naviculariformi, ungue gracili; alis quam
carina longioribus : staminibus ut in eongeneribus, an-
theribus parvis; ovario pilis albidis tecto; stylo gracili,
stigmate parvo terminali ; legumine ignoto.
D. saxatili, Hook. fil., affinis, differt panuliculis + elongatis,
pedicellis erassiusculis dense fulvo-tomentosis, calycis
segmentis brevioribus.
Hab. Coast of Victoria Nyanza, Uganda.
« Liane with violet flowers.” Fl. March, 587.
Petiolus communis 10-13 cm. longus, petiolulus 2-3 mm.
longus. Foliola 2:5-44 cm. longa, l1-l'6 em. lata.
Calyx fere 5 mm. longus. Vexillum 7-8 mm. longum.
Carina 6-6'5 mm. longa.
BarurA RADCLIFFEI, sp. nov.
Frutex ramis cinereo- vel flavescenti-corticatis, striatulis,
glabrescentibus, teretibus ; foliis modice petiolatis, petiolo
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII. M
148 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
sepissime nigrescenti, ambitu B. barombiensis, oblongis
vel ovatis, apice subacuminatis, basi rotundatis vel late
cuneatis, chartaceis, utrinque glabris, nervis lateralibus,
utriusque 8-10 ereeto-patulis, prope marginem inter se
conjunctis, subtus prominulis, nervis nervulisque densi-
uscule reticulatis; racemis multifloris, demum laxis,
pedunculis pedicellisque pubescentibus, bracteolis calyce
multo minoribus; calyce membranaceo externe pubes-
centi; vexillo oblongo-ovato, breviter unguiculato, quam
calyce vix longiore ; ovario glabro, stylo curvato ; legumine
ignoto.
Species ex affinitate B. polygalacee, Baker, differt primo
intuitu folis angustioribus et praecipue petiolis brevioribus.
Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January, 74.
Native name * Matchko.” * Used for mallets to beat bark-
cloth. A shrub with white flowers and conspicuous in-
florescence."
Petiolus 1:0-1:5 em. longus. Folia 80-10 em. longa, 3°5-4:0
em. lata. Vexillum 6-7 mm. longum.
PrEROLOBUM LACERANS, R. Dr. in Salt, Abyss. App. 64.
Banks of Kagera River near Mulema. Fl. May, 269.
Native name * Orge." “Specimens in fruit sent subse-
quently.”
Distrib. Abyssinia.
CASSIA DIDYMOBOTRYA, Fres. in Flora, xxii. (1839) 53.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 366.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea, Mozambique District.
C. FarciNELLA, Oliver, in Fi. Trop. Afr. ii. 281.
Near Mulema. Fl. March, 190.
Native name “ Kanyeüra." “ Wiry shrub, 12 inches high,
with yellow flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land.
C. Grantit, Oliver, in Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 279.
Mulema. Fl. June, 360.
Wiry plant, 18 inehes high, with yellow flowers.
Distrib. Mozambique District.
C. MIMOSOIDES, Linn. Sp. Pl. 379.
Mulema. Fl. June, 365.
Distrib, Common in the Tropics.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALX. 149
BarkragA Ewriwr, Zaubert, in Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr.
C. 198.
Lake shore, Musozi. .Fl. January, 79.
Native name * Musa.” '* Used as a medicine for deafness ;
the leaves are heated, and the juice which exudes is
squeezed into the ear. "Tree 30—40 feet high."
Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 607.
Shrub with white flowers."
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.
PaRKIA FILICOIDEA, Welw. ex Baker, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr.
ii. 324.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 643.
“Tree with heads of red flowers."
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, Mozambique District.
ENTADA ABYSSINICA, Steud. in A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 234.
North of mouth of Bakora. Fr. January, 143.
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.
PrPTADENIA AFRICANA, Hook. fil. in Niger Flora, 330.
Island of Buvüma. FI. March, 647.
* Tree with brownish flowers."
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.
DricunosrAcHYs NUTANS, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1842)
353.
Near Mulema. FI. April, 255.
. Native name * Muyebe." “Handles for hoes made. Tree
with flowers yellow at distal, pink at proximal end."
Distrib. Widely distributed iu Tropical Africa.
Mimosa ASPERATA, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 1312.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. Fl. May, 277.
Native name “ Orge.” “Shrub growing in marshy ground.
Inflorescence pink."
Distrib. Widely spread through Tropical Africa.
Acacta VEREK, Guill. & Perr. Tent. Fl. Seneg. i. 245, t. 56.
The following is either a form of the above or a close ally.
The legumes are broader and generally fewer-seeded than
those of Acacia Verek figured in Reliq. Kotsch. t. 3.
Hab. Hill-top, Mulema. May 1903. 266.
Native name * Mukonje." *' Handles for hoes made. A
tree with white flowers."
M2
150 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
ACACIA PENNATA, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 1090.
Below Ruchigga. Fl. December, 498.
“ Shrub climbing by thorns, white inflorescences.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.
The following is allied, but has smaller pods :—
Bank of River Kagera, near Mulema. Fl. May, 289.
Native name * Mutinga.” “ Dug-out canoes made of this.
Tree with white flowers and green stem."
A. SIEBERIANA, DC. Prodr. ii. 463, forma.
Near Kagera, Mulema. Fl. April, 216 & 258.
Native names * Mutiaza," * Mwezameno.” ‘“ Dug-out
canoes and planks made of this. Tree with white
flowers."
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Atrica.
A. SEYAL, Delile, Fl. Agypt. 216, tab. 52. f. 2
Near Mulema. Fl. March, 188.
Native name “ Nigandu.” * Bark used as rope. Shrub.
Inflorescence green.”
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa,
A. STENOCARPA, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1. 238.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. May, 317.
Native name * Musange." “Tree assuming an umbrella-
shape; used in building huts. Inflorescence white.”
Distrib. Nile Land.
The following is allied to A. hebeclada, DC. :—
Near Mulema. Fl. March, 189.
Native name ** Mutongde.” ‘‘ Wood used for posts and
handles of hoes; bark used as rope. A tree; flowers
white.”
ALBIZZIA VERSICOLOR, Welw., in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 359.
Gully near Mulema. Fr. May, 301.
Native name * Mubula.” ‘ Vessels made to hold milk of
this. Tree; no flowers."
A. BRACHYCALYX, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 361.
Near Mulema. FI. April, 219.
* Native name * Mumeya." Used for posts for houses and
charcoal. A tree ; flowers white; staminal tube red."
Distrib. Nile Land.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETALEXE. 151
ALBIzZIA Brownel, Walp. Rep. i. 928.
Island of Buvüma. Fl. March, 627.
* Tree with white petals and red staminal tube.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.
”
A. FAsTIGIATA, Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 361.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 207. Grunga. Fl. November,
383.
Native name *Munyanohinga." Wood used for handles
for hoes and charcoal. A flat-topped tree with whitish
flowers.”
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.
Also occurs in Natal.
RosacEm®.
PARINARIUM CURATELLEFOLIUM, Planch. in Niger Flora, 333 ;
forma.
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 208.
Native name * Munabiliko." ** Medicine for gonorrhea
made from the leaves. A low tree. Petals light blue
but fugitive."
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land, Mozambique District.
Ruzsvs APETALUS, Poir. Encycl. Méth. vi. 242.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 422.
* Climber. Flower with pink stigmas, green perianth."
No. 520, from the same locality, is also a species of Rubus.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
CRASSULACE.
KALANCHOE CRENATA, Haw. Syn, 109.
Musozi. Fl. January, 116.
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Africa; also at the
Cape.
K. STUHLMANNI, Engler, in Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr. C. 188;
var. ?
Near Kikobe ferry, River Kagera. Fl. March, 180.
Native name * Kyondo.” “ Planted by natives amongst the
bananas. White flower."
152 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
Succulent herb. This differs in certain respects from
Engler’s description, but I have not had an opportunity
of comparing it with authentic material.
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region.
COMBRETACES.
COMBRETUM SPLENDENS, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr. C. 289
(1895).
Near Mulema. Fl. April, 212.
* Shrub with small white flowers."
The following is closely allied :—
Bank of River Kagera, near Mulema. Fl. May, 290.
Native name “ Muramma.” Tree with greenish flowers.
Distrib. Central African Lake-Region, Mozambique District.
C. BUVUMENSE, sp. nov.
Frutex ramis adultioribus glabris, novellis + fusco-pubes-
centibus, foliorum petiolo superne canaliculato, lamina
membranacea, ovata aeuminata, superne glabra vel glabri-
uscula, basi late euneata vel rotundata, nervis lateralibus
patulis adscendentibus ; racemis axillaribus, copiose
floriferis, abbreviatis; floribus inter mediocres generis
breviter pedicellatis, 5-meris, receptaculo inferioretenuiter
fusco-pubescente, superiore cylindrico-campaniforme,
medio haud constricto ; calycis segmentis zequilateraliter
triangularibus, acuminatis; petalis oblongo-ovatis, basi
cordatis, margine ciliatis, longioribus quam latis, basi
cordatis.
Species ad C. paniculatam, Vent., accedens.
Island of Buvüma, Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March 1904. 624.
A member of Engler & Diels's Section Conniventes.
Folia ad 7:5 em. longa an longiora. Petiolus sæpe 7-8 mm.
longus. Racemi 1:5-20 cm. longi. Receptaculum
superius + 6:5 mm. longum.
Petala + 3 mm. longa. Stamina quam petala 3-4plo
longiora.
ILLIGERA PENTAPHYLLA, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. (1869)
206.
Island of Buváma. Fl. March. 601. “Liane with pink
petals and orange pollen.” 619. * Liane with greenish
flowers.”
Distrib. Lower Guinea.
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLY PETALA,
MYRTACE.E.
Evaenia ovixEENsIS, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 359.
Island of Buvima, Fl. March, 614.
“Tree with white flowers; colour due to stamens.”
Distrib, Upper and Lower Guinea.
E. CORDATUM, JM. A. Laws. in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 438.
Musozi. Fl. & Fr. December, 5.
153
Native name “ Kirungi nsamvu." Burnt to give a pleasant
smell to bark-cloth.”
Distrib. Lower Guinea, Mozambique District ; also Natal.
There is another specimen of Eugenia in the collection from
Musozi, 154. Native name “ Ntukuza," evidently allied to
E. bukobensis, Engler, but the material is insufficient for
identification.
MELASTOMACE®.
Dissoris MINOR, Gilg, Mon. Afric. Melastom. 12, t. 2 c.
Musozi. Fl. January, 86.
* Low shrub with a red flower."
Distrib. Uganda.
D. InvixaraNA, Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 5149.
in gully above Mulema. FI. May, 310. Ruchigga.
December, 480.
Native name “ Nkurutetabi.” “Erect herb 2-23
Flowers blue or purple.”
Distrib. Upper Guinea.
MEMECYLON HETEROPITYLLUM, Gilg, Mon. Melastoim. 39.
Island of Buvima. Fl. March, 608.
** Shrub with blue flowers."
Distrib. Central Atrican Lake-Region.
LYTHRACEX.
RorALA BREVISTYLA, 8p. nov.
Planta natans caulibus crassicusculis simplicibus, inferne
spe radicantibus, glabriuseulis, precipue extremitates
versus foliosis, foliis internodiis subszquilongis, e basi
cordatis ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, sessilibus, oppositis,
glabris, obscure penninerviis, apice obtusis; floribus
minimis axillaribus, subsessilibus, foliis floralibus semper
154 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
multoties brevioribus, calyce demum campanulato, vix ad
medium 4-lobato, lobis brevibus acutis quam tubo brevi-
oribus; petalis minutis, anguste spathulatis; staminibus
2 inclusis, stylo brevi; capsulis globosis, 4-valvatis, demum
quam calyce longioribus.
Hab. Mulema. * Floating plant; flowers minute, red."
Fl. & Fr. May, 316.
Caules 15-20 em. longi, internodiis 6-10 mm. longis. Folia
7-11 mm. longa, 5-7:5 mm. lata. Calycis lobi + °5 mm.
longi. Capsula + 1°5 mm. longa.
Allied to R. fontinalis, Hiern; differs from that species
in the stem being longer and unbranched—in there being
2 stamens included instead of 4 exserted, &c.
AMMANNIA BACCIFERA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 120.
River Rufüa. Fl. December, 535.
“ Erect herb in 2 in. of water; pink petals.”
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea. Also in India and
Madagascar.
ONAGRARIEX.
EPILOBIUM HIRSUTUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 347.
In swamp near River Rufüa. Fl. December, 537.
Distrib. Widely spread in Africa and elsewhere.
Jussi#a LINIFOLIA, Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 32.
R. Rufta. Fl. December, 538.
* Marsh plant 5 ft. high ; yellow flowers."
Distrib. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa. Also in
Tropical America.
J. DIFFUSA, Forsk. Fl. ZEgypt.- Arab. 210.
Poo. by Lake Musozi. December, S. Water-plant.
Distrib. Upper Guinea, Nile Land, Mozambique District.
SAMYDACEEX.
TRIMERIA MACROPHYLLA, sp. nov. (Pl. 1.)
Frutex inermis, ramis junioribus pubesceutibus, foliis crassi-
usculis ovatis vel ovato-ellipticis, apice szpissime acutis,
rarissime obtusis, basi cordatis, margine serratis, subtus
pilis albidis vestitis, adultioribus superne glabris, sub-
palmatinerviis; petiolis cinereo-pubescentibus, stipulis
E. G. BAKER: DICOTYLEDONES POLYPETAIL.. 155
magnis deciduis; floribus albis dioicis, spicis masculinis
simplieibus, quam folia multoties brevioribus sed quam
petiolis longioribus; floribus in glomerulos aggregatis; d
brevissime pedunculatis, tetrameris vel peutameris, sepalis
minutis lanceolatis, extus pilis obtectis; petalis sepalis sub-
similibus paulo majoribus, in fl. tetramero ; staminibus 12
inter glandulas 3-nis insertis, quam petalis longioribus ;
floribus 9 capsulis coriaceis, stylis 3 gracilibus, stigmate
parvo.
Species T. tropice, Burkill, valde affinis, differt foliis majori-
bus adultis superne glabris basi magis cordatis, filamentis
paullo longioribus.
Hab. Near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 346.
* Shrub with whitish inflorescence.”
Folia 7-0-12°5 em. longa, 5:5-9:50 em. lata. —Petiolus 1'0-
15 em. longus. Spice masculini 4:5-8:5 em. long.
Capsula 3-3°5 mm. longa.
Tv RNERACEE.
WORMSKIOLDIA PILOSA, Schweinf., var. a ANGUSTIFOLIA, Urban,
Mon. Turner. 54.
Island of Wema. Fl. March, 590.
Herb with orange-yellow flowers.
Distrib. of type. Upper Guinea.
PASSIFLOREX.
BARTERIA ACUMINATA, Sp. nov.
Arbor humilis vel frutex ramulis striatis tenuiter rufescenti-
puberulis, an demum glabrescentibus ; foliis oblongis vel
oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, fere glabris, apice acuminatis,
basi in petiolo attenuatis, petiolo brevissimo, crasso, non
stipulato, decurrente, lamina nerviis supra et infra circ.
16-19 ante marginem inter se arcuatim conjunctis, nerva-
tione reticulata subtus prominula ; floribus 1-2 axillaribus
sessilibus, basi bracteatis, bracteis numerosis arcte
imbrieatis cupuliformibus, brunneis, nitidis, margine
ciliatis ; sepalis 5 ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, quam petalis
longioribus, basi coalitis; petalis albis oblongis, apice
mucronatis; staminibus numerosis; stigmate maximo
conico-globoso flavo; fructu globoso.
156 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
Species Barterie nigritane, Hook. fil., affinis, differt foliis
apice sensim acuminatis.
Hab. Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. January. 93.
“ Shrub or tree. Flowers white, with large yellow stigma.
Leaves two-ranked.”
Folia 22-94 cm. longa, 6'0-7'0 em. lata. Petiolus X 6'0-
8:0 mm. longus, supra canaliculatus. Sepala 2:5-8:0 em.
longa, 10-11 mm. lata. Anthere + 3 mm. longs.
ADENIA VENENATA, Forsk. Fl. ZEgypt.-Arab. 77.
Mulema, close to a hut. Fl. April, 239.
Native name “ Numanyama." ‘A shrub; flowers greenish ;
2-3 ft. high only, but trunk 1 ft. diam. just above ground."
CUCURBITACEE.
Mxrorunra puncrara, Cogn. in DU. Mon. Phan. iii. 615.
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 361.
“ Herbaceous twiner: d only. White flowers.”
Distrib. Widely spread in Tropical Asia.
DEGONIACE E.
Begonia EMINI, Warb. in Engler § Prantl, Natiirl. Pflanzen-
Jam. il. 6a, 141.
Lake shore, Musozi. Fl. December, 2.
The following is elosely allied :—
In a wood near the mouth of Kagera. Fl. February, 564.
“ Trailing plant with white flowers."
FrcorpE.
Morrvao SPERGULA, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 881.
Island of Wema. Fl. March, 591.
“ Prostrate herb with white flowers. Entire inflorescence in
some cases red.”
Distrib. Widely distributed iu Tropical Africa.
UMBELLIFERS.
HETEROMORPHA ARBORESCENS, Cham. 5 Schlecht. in Linnea, i.
385
Near Mulema. Fl. June, 348.
* Shrub 10 ft. high, with inconspicuous flowers."
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL®. 157
PEUCEDANUM FmaxINIFOLIUM, Hiern, in Oliver, Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxix. (1873) 79.
Near Mulema. June, 334.
“Shrub 18 ft. high, with fleshy stem."
Distrib. Nile Land, Lower Guinea.
Torts GRACILIS, Engler, Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afr. C. 301.
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 413.
“ Herb with yellowish flowers.”
Distrib. Mozambique District.
DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ.
(By Spencer Moore, F.L.S.)
RUBIACER.
HyMenopictyon Kunnra, Hochst. in Flora, xxvi. (1843) 71.
In gulley above Mulema, also Ruchigga. Fl. December,
Fr. May, 313 & 485.
Native name * Mwamira."
Distrib, Nile Land, Mozambique District, Upper and Lower
Guinea.
NEvROCARP SA LONGIFLORA, S. Moore. (Pentas longiflora, Oliver,
in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887) 335.)
Ruchigga. Fl. November, 406.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District.
N. Tuomsonu, S. Moore. (Pentas Thomsonii, S. Elliot, in Journ.
Linn. Soc., Bot. xxxu. (1896) 435.)
Ruchigga, 7500 ft. Fl. December, 473.
Distrib. Nile Land.
N. PURPUREA, Hiern, Welw. Cat.1. 438.
Gorge near Mulema. Fl. April, 247.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique District, Lower Guinea.
OLDENLANDIA HERBACEA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11.
Hill-top near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 338.
Widely distributed.
O. ABYSSINICA, Hiern, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 57.
Hill-top near Mulema. Fl. June, 336.
Distrib. African tropics except Lower Guinea and eastern
part of Mozambique District.
158 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
Muss£npa ARCUATA, Poir. in Lam. Encye. i. 392.
Musozi. Fl. June, 89.
Native name “Toke Kuru.” * Used as medicine, leaves
pounded with water and drunk for pains in abdomen."
Widely distributed: also a Mascarene species.
DICTYANDRA ARBORESCENS, Welw. ex Benth. § Hook. f. Gen. Pl.
ii. 77.
Uganda, shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mutunda. FL
Mareh, 578.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea.
TARENNA AFFINIS, S. Moore. (Chomelia affinis, A. Schum. in Engl.
Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 380.)
Musozi. Fl. January, 78.
“Shrub with showy white inflorescences.’
* Omwanimwani.”
Distrib. Mozambique District (Usambara).
> Native name
Ranpra Macunata, DC. Prod. iv. 388.
Island of Buvüma, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March, 630.
Distrib. Upper and Lower Guinea, North Central.
GARDENIA THUNBERGIA, Linn. f. ew Thunb. Diss. Gard. 11.
Hillside, Mulema. Fl. April, 227.
Native name * Ntalama." —** Used for fences to keep away
lions, &c."
Widely distributed.
G. URCELLIFORMIS, Hiern, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 104.
Uganda, shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Mbazi. Fl.
March, 575.
Distrib. Nile Land (Niam-Niam).
The ripe fruits are globose, and two inches in diameter.
G. VISCIDISSUMA, Sp. 110v.
Arbuscula resiniflua aspectu G. physophylle, De Wildem.
(Randie physophylle, K. Schum.), nisi omnimodo multo
minor, folis ovatis obtusissimis basi obtusis vel in
petiolum brevem cuneatim augustatis integris tenuiter
coriaceis costa centrali subtus puberula exempta et axillis
costularum pubescentibus glabris, calyce parvo impariter
8-lobo lobis lanceolatis acutiusculis, floribus solitariis
terminalibus, corolla mediocri erassiuscula superne gra-
datim amplificata fere adusque j iu lobos 5 ovatos
SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETALE. 159
obtusissimos divisa, antheris angustis sursum curvatis,
fructu ambitu oblongo subtereti coriaceo, seminibus in
massam unicam confertis.
Hab. Edge of copse on hillside, Musozi. Fl. February, 144.
Folia 9:0-17:0 cm. long., 6:0-fere 12:0 cm. lat., nitida, subter
castanea, supra fusca ibique resina copiosissime obducta.
Stipule 0:5 cm. long. Pedunculus 077 cm. long., ut calyx
resinosus. Flores lactei, suaveolentes. Calyx 0'8 em.,
lobi cirea 0:2 em. long. Corolle extus scabriuscule
11:0 em. long., tubus inferne 0:3-0*4 em. diam., faucibus
fere 3"0 cm.; lobi 0°25 em. long. Anthere paullo ultra
2-0 em. long. Stylus breviter exsertus, sursum clavato-
oblongus. Fructus 2:5 em. diam., vix 4'5 em. long.
Nervation of leaf exactly like that of G. physophyila, but
the leaves, besides being much smaller, are very obtuse
at the top. The calyx and corolla are also very much
smaller than those of the species just cited. The 8-lobed
calyx and longer anthers may be mentioned among other
points of difference.
Native name * Mugondo.” ‘Wood used for posts."
OXYANTHUS LITOREUS, sp. nov.
O, alte fruticosus ramis validis saltem prope nodos applanatis
crasse pubescentibus, foliis magnis elliptieis obtusissimis
basi valde obliquis neenon cordatis margine undulatis
subcoriaceis in fac. sup. prsesertim secus costam centralem
scabridis subtus pr:esertim secus costam centralem et
costulas hispidulo-pubescentibus, petiolis brevibus crassis
hispidulo-pubescentibus, stipulis lanceolato-oblongis acutis
extus hispidulo- pubescentibus, cymis plurifloris quam
folia brevioribus, bracteis paucis parvis setaceis, floribus
mediocribus pedicellatis, calycis limbo adusque ? diviso
lobis subulato-setaceis piloso-hispidulis, eorolla sat elon-
gata verisimiliter hypocrateriformi laciniis angustis,
ovario 2-loculari multiovulato albo-piloso.
Hab. Shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza at Musozi. FI.
Jauuary, 95.
Folia ex schedis cl. detectoris 40:0x 25:0 em. attingunt, ea
mihi obvia 22:0 em. long. et 12:0-14-0 em. lat. metiuntur:
petioli 1:0 em. long. Stipule 2:0 cm. long. Pedicelli
0'2-0'5 em. long. Bractez 0:1-0:25 em. long. Cyme
5'0 em. deinde 8'0 em. diam., griseo-puberule. Flores
160 BOTANY OF THE UGANDA BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
vireseentes. Calycis limbus 0'2 cm., lobi O'G em. long.
Corolle nondum expanse 10:0 em., anthere 0°65 em.
long. Stigma fusiforme, 0°65 em. long., cruribus O'L em.
long. inelusis. Ovarium oblongum, 0:5 em. long.
The material of this consists of two leaves with the part of
the stem to which they are immediately attached, and two
separated inflorescences—one with buds in various stages but no
fully expanded flower, the other with very young fruits just
after the corollas have fallen away. The length of the inflores-
cenees cannot therefore be given, nor that of the flowers at
maturity. In spite of this, I have ventured to describe the
specimen, as it seems different from any hitherto known. In
appearance it is much like O. wnilocularis, Hiern, but the
clothing of the leaf, the longer calyx-lobes, the 2-celled ovary,
and, to judge from the unopened corollas, the smaller flowers are
well-marked differential characters.
OXYANTHUS LEPIDUS, Sp. nov.
O. fruticosus, glaber, ramulis aliquantulum tortis necnon
applanatis olivaceis, foliis brevipetiolatis ovatis cuspidato-
aeutiuseulis basi rotundatis chartaceis costis secundariis
utrinque circa 10 summis parum aspectabilibus retis sed
marginem versus abrupte arcuatis, stipulis a basi lata in
appendicem longam lineari-setaceam exeuntibus, corymbis
abbreviatis paucifloris, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis
margine ciliolatis pedicellos zquantibus, calycis limbo ad
4 in lobos triangulari-subulatos diviso, corolle tubo
mediocriter elongato quam lobi lineares obtusi multo
longiore extus glabro intus deorsum piloso sursum fauces
versus transversim rugoso, filamentis perbrevibus, antheris
anguste linearibus, ovario 2-loculari, stigmate anguste
fusiformi.
Hab. Wema Island, Lake Victoria Nyanza. Fl. March,
594.
Folia 10-12 x 5—6'5 cm., supra subnitentia, in sicco olivacea,
subtus pallida; petioli 0'5 em. long., puberuli. Stipulæ
extus puberulæ, intus basi pilosæ, pars expansa 0'3-
04 cm., pars attenuata 0'7-1'0 em. long. vel paullulum
majus. Inflorescentie axis robustus, summum modo
0'5 em. long. Bractew et pedicelli 0:3 cm. long. Calyx
totus 0*4 em. long. Corollæ albe», tubus 8:0-8 5 em.
long.; lobi 15 em. long., 0'3 em. lat. Anthere 04 cm.,
SPENCER MOORE: GAMOPETAL.E. 161
ovarium 0'25 em. long. Stylus glaber, ad 12 em. exsertus.
Stigma 04 em. long.
Known by the comparatively short leaves rounded below,
together with the stipules terminating in a long slender appen-
daze, the congested few-flowered inflorescenees, tho narrow lobes
of the corolla, and the relative length to them of the tube.
Tricatysta BUXIFOLIA, Hiern, in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 119.
Near Mulema. Fl. & Fr. June, 352.
Distrib. Lower Guinea.
CANTHIUM SCHIMPERIANUM, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 350.
Kagera Valley, near Mulema. FI. May, 282.
Native name * Mukiraga.”’
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet (Usambara).
C. HISPIDUM, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 409.
Mouth of River Kagera. Fl. December, 54.
Distrib. Nile Land, Mozambique Distriet, Upper and
Lower Guinea.
C. GoLUNGENSE, Hiern, Welw. Cat. i. 478; var. PARVIFLORA,
var. nov. y SM 4^ ORTONE E
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ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS.
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854 MR. T. W, WOODHEAD ON THE
This suggested a more extended examination of soils. The
whole area under consideration lies on the Lower Carboniferous
formations. Glacial deposits are entirely absent, and, except
for deposits of peat to be mentioned below, the soils owe their
origin chiefly to the direct denudation of the rocks. Lees (55)
has given an interesting account of the “ Lithology” of West
Yorkshire, giving lists of species characterizing the several soils.
In this he follows Thurman (96) and Baker (2), and finds that
the soils exert a profound influence on the flora, due largely to
their * mechanical" properties and to a much less extent to their
chemical composition. Much has of late been written on this
subject, an interesting summary of which has recently been
given by Solms-Laubach (90). In the present study the works
of Roux (82) and Hall (43) have been found very helpful.
Numerous analyses have been made of the soils in the different
areas treated of in this paper, but the results are as yet too
incomplete to be satisfactorily dealt with here, but they indicate
that physical factors, especially those affecting available water,
here play a more important part than the chemical, and the
question of the influence of lime on vegetation is excluded by
the total absence of these deposits in the district.
On the maps (figs. 9 & 10) the various features considered are
shown only in the areas not under cultivation, from which it is
clearly seen that while the distribution of certain species is
influenced profoundly by the dominant tree, other factors are
strikingly brought out. The extensive development of Pteris,
ericaceous plants, and other xerophytes to the west is in remark-
able contrast to their relative scarcity towards the east, where,
however, they were somewhat better developed formerly than
now, their reduction being due largely to cultivation.
The vegetation of this district will be seen to consist of 3 zones,
using the term zone in the sense applied by Flahault (30), to
indicate the successive stages of vegetation from the base to the
summit of a mountain :—
(1) Tue Moss Moor, which is high, wet, cold, and covered by
deep deposits of peat, the dominant plants being cotton-grasses
(Eriophorum vaginatum and E. angustifolium), and the more
elevated and drier ridges being clothed with Vaccinium Myrtillus,
Empetrum, &c. Bracken-covered slopes, with xerophytic asso-
ciates, connect this zone with No. 2.
(2) Mittstone-Grit PrATEAU.—AÀn ericaceous zone of medium
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 355
altitude; soils shallow, sandy, dry, in places covered by shallow
peat and exposed to the prevailing winds; the dominant plants
are xerophytes, such as Calluna Erica, Vaccinium Myrtillus,
Deschampsia, &c.
(3) Lower Coat-Mrasure AnEA.—A lower lying zone with
soils deep, often covered by much humus and generally moist ;
the vegetation less exposed and mesophytic in character. The
dominant plants of the undergrowth of the woodlands are Holcus
mollis, Pteris aquilina, Scilla festalis, &c. If we keep strictly
to the geological divisions, we find that the more elevated
portions reach upwards of 1100 ft., and have soil conditions and
climate favouring the development of xerophytes, and so bringing
it within the ericaceous zone.
These three zones correspond nearly, but not quite, to the
Moss Moor and the regions of Oat and Wheat cultivation
respectively, indicated by Smith & Moss (88). The lower part
of the Millstone-Grit plateau lies within the region of Wheat
cultivation, while the elevated parts of the Coal-Measure area
are in the region of Oat cultivation ; though it is interesting to
note that here Wheat cultivation is frequent though very much
less so than formerly, economie conditions being in no small
degree responsible.
As already stated, the rainfall and temperature vary con-
siderably in the three zones, and below are given such obser-
vations as are available.
Rainfall.
Records of rainfall for a long series of years are not available
for the exact areas required for our purpose; but for a limited
period (1890-1901) records are published for several parts of
the Moss Moor :—
Wessenden Head...... 1270 feet. 45:94 inches.
Harden Moss ........ 1212 ,, 4677 ,,
Deerhill ............ 1149 ,, 4477. ,
Butterley (11 years) .. 1110 ,, 41:58 ,
No records are available for the higher altitudes.
For the upper part of the Millstone-Grit arga, three miles to
the east of the Moss Moor, the averages are :—
Blaekmoor Foot ...... 800 feet. 42:16 inches.
Meltham Grange ...... 850 ,, 4031 ,,
For the Coal-Measure area the available records are just
356 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
beyond the northern boundary of our area. Here records have
been regularly made for upwards of thirty years. For this
period, after deducting the rainfall for abnormal years, the
averages are :—
Huddersfield Cemetery.... 400 feet. ^ 33:00 inches.
Dalton, Huddersfield .... 350 ,, 32:19 ,
Although from lack of records these cannot be compared with
exaetness, they serve to illustrate the fact that of the three
regions the Coal-Measure area has the lowest rainfall, and, as
stated in a letter to me by Mr. Joshua Robson, * every mile you
go westward the total increases." In passing over the Gritstone
area the average rises steadily to about 42 inches, while the
average to the extreme west on the Moss Moor is over 45 inches,
while Lees (55) gives the rainfall of the Pennines generally as
about 55 inches.
Mean Temperatures (° F.) at Harewood Lodge, Meltham, in the
Milistone-Grit Area.
Altitude 510 feet. Lat. 53^ 36’ N., long. 1° 50' W.
Year's
Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. ) mean.
366 3875 397 440 402 557
At 4 feet above grass... July. Aug, Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 46:7 for 26 years 1879-1904.
585 578 541 466 422 387-6
. 279 273 294 321 372 435 l sc
On grass TIPP { 40:7 46:1 42-] 36-1 328 98:5 f 30° 9 19 » 1886-1904.
870 371 385 428 485 546
Ata depth of 1 foot È Siy 369 B38 475 430 389 |
380 380 390 428 480 536
Ata depth of 2 feet ..| 259 366 BLI 436 442 dos | 407 „ 20 4 1885-1904.
464 , 20 ,, 1885-1904.
WanuEsT Monti. CorpEsT Monti.
At 4 ft. above... July 1901, 6392 At 4 ft. above... Feb. 1895, 27°-8
On grass ......... July 1899, 49?:8 On grass .......... Feb. 1895, 14?:9
At 1 ft. below ... July 1901, 6090 At l1 ft. below... Feb, 1895, 3292
At 2 ft. below ... Aug. 1899, 59?:3 At 2 ft. below ... Feb. 1895, 33°°6
The absolute highest temperature recorded at 4 feet above grass was 86?'9 on
July 18th, 1901.
The absolute lowest temperature recorded at 4 feet above grass was +0°°5 on
Feb, 8th, 1895.
The absolute lowest on the grass (7. e. on snow), Feb. 8th, 1895, —89:0.
The only time the one-foot thermometer has been below freezing-point was
from Feb. 11th to Feb. 23rd (inclusive), 1895. Lowest 3192, on Feb. 15th,
1895.
Lowest temperature of two-foot thermometer from Feb. 19th to 26th, 1905,
329-9.
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 957
Mean Temperatures (° F.) taken at Huddersfield Cemetery in
the Coal-Measure Area for the 28 Years 1877-1904.
Altitude 400 feet.
Year's
Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. "363. | mean.
; 367 877 401 442 497 563
At 4 feet above grass...... July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | 469
594 584 545 468 417 977 |
For the last eight years, 1897-1904, owing to the relatively high temperature
of the winter months, the yearly average was 47?'8 F.
WINTER AVERAGE. SUMMER AVERAGE.
Dec.-Feb............. 9793 June-August ...... 589-0
No records of temperature are available for the Moss Moor, but estimating the
decrease at the rate estimated by Dalton, viz., 1? Fahr. for each successive
ascent of 100 yards, we may give the temperature of the Moss Moor at
44? F., and for the highest points probably 42° F., while that of the lowest
levels would be 47?'5 F.
I am indebted to Mr. J. Firth for details of rainfall and
temperature taken at the Huddersfield Cemetery, to Mr. Joshua
Robson for the records at Dalton, and for the remainder to
Mr. J. W. Schofield, Waterworks Manager to the Huddersfield
Corporation; while Mr. Charles Brook has kindly supplied me
with the interesting records of temperature taken at Harewood
Lodge, Meltham.
(a) Cotton- Grass Zone of the Moss Moor.
The term Moss Moor has been adopted by W. G. Smith (88)
as the equivalent of the German * Hochmoor " or * Moosmoor,"
a term especially suitable as these moors are often known locally
as “ Mosses "—e. g., Harden Moss, Holme Moss, and Featherbed
Moss, the latter being a very suggestive name when the cotton-
grasses are in fruit.
This region is to the extreme west of the district and is a
portion of the Pennines. The hills run from N. to S. with an
altitude of from 1700 to 1100 feet. The rainfall is high (45
inches or more), and this is therefore an important catchwater
area for the manufacturing towns and villages in the valley
below. The geological formations here are the Kinderscout
grits, and above them extensive deposits of shales and clays.
Developed on these are large beds of deep ill-drained peat
covered almost entirely with cotton-grasses, chiefly Erio-
phorum vaginatum, L., and to a much less extent E. angusti-
folium. These stretch for miles in monotonous characteristically
358 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
rippled sheets with very few associates. The saddle-backed
ridge extending from West Nab to Shooter's Nab is an outlier
of rough rock, the eastern slopes of which are covered with
fallen blocks due to the denudation of the shales beneath. In
the drier parts and hill-summits the cotton-grasses are replaced
by Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus), Empetrum nigrum, Linn.,
Vaccinium Vitis-idea, Linn., and Cloudberry (Rubus Chame-
morus, Linn.). The cotton-grasses play a very insignificant part
in the flora of our present woodlands.
There is considerable evidence which points to the cotton-
grass being of recent development, at any rate over certain parts
of this moorland. Borings and excavations made at Deerhill,
Good Bent, and Wessenden Head reveal a layer of buried
heath-stems beneath the present cotton-grass, and persons now
living (gamekeepers, &c.) can remember large tracts being
covered with ling (Calluna) which are now dominated by eotton-
grass (Eriophorum vaginatum, Linn.) At Wessenden Head
considerable changes have taken place in this direction even
within the last eighty years. This is attributed to interruption
with drainage. During the last few years attempts have been
made to improve the drainage by cutting long “grips” in the peat.
This has already had a very marked effect, the cotton-grass
shows evident signs of deterioration, while young shoots of ling
are appearing in myriads over the area and its re-establishment
is only a question of time.
Although now a treeless zone, forests were formerly extensive,
and much buried timber is found here. An extensive deposit
exists at Deerhill, chiefly of Birch (Betula) and a little Oak
and Hawthorn (Crategus). Buried trees (chiefly Birch) are also
to be seen at Butterley Hill and Wessenden Head, and during
excavations for a reservoir near Meltham a number of buried
trees were found consisting of Oak, Birch, and Hazel (49).
The position of these deposits is indicated on the District Tree
Map.
I have not found the Scotch fir (Pinus sylvestris) in the peat of
these moors, but Hughes (50) says :—“ The immense quantities
of fir and oak wood, more particularly the former, dug out of
the moors surrounding Meltham give abundant proof that
. extensive forests of these trees must have covered the
hills... This fir wood, afterwards dug up out of the moors in
hundreds of cart loads, was used as torches by the cottagers
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 359
within the last 70 years. They cut it into long splinters and
made it serve for candles,” In Switzerland and elsewhere on the
the continent, such pine splinters (or “ Kienspähne ”) are still
frequently used for this purpose. The altitude of these moors
ranges from 800 to 1100 feet. This succession of deposits is
well seen in section at Wessenden Head and Deerhill, where the
series has been cut through by moorland streams. At the base
is a thick bed of bluish clay which is permeated by numerous
root-fibres. Above this is the moor pan, a layer of only a few
inches in thickness, which can be easily detected by the peculiar
grating sound produced when the blade of a knife is pushed into
it. Resting on this is a thick bed of peat from four to six feet
in thickness, while in some parts it very greatly exceeds this.
At the base of the peat, remains of birch are abundant, especially
at Deerhill, where the overlying peat, having been denuded, a
very large number of birch remains are to be seen. We have
here just those conditions necessary for the accumulation of peat,
as indicated by Hall (43), Livingstone (60), and others, viz., con-
siderable rainfall and an impermeable stratum, which result in a
waterlogged soil, cutting off access of air and so checking the
process of oxidation and the development of aerobic bacteria.
These conditions, together with the poverty of the soil in
mineral salts, especially carbonate of lime, favour the accumu-
lation of humus and of humic acid; this in turn affects the
osmotic action of the roots, with the result that, even in perma-
nently wet places, xerophytes only can exist, and these are also
favoured by the general climatie conditions of this zone. A.
general account of these peat-moors has recently been given by
C. E. Moss (71).
On the steep hill-slopes peat is either very thin or absent, the
soils being formed by denudation of the grits, shales, and clays,
and forms a transition region to the Heather Zone of the Mill-
stone-Grit Plateau.
These slopes are clothed with a very characteristic vegetation.
Pteris is the dominant plant, and its associates are Bilberry
(Vaccinium Myrtillus), Ling (Calluna), Deschampsia, Nardus
stricta, and Festuca ovina, forming a Xero-pteridetum. These
may be traced ascending the deep cloughs in gradually narrowing
strands, the Bracken becoming reduced in size (sometimes not
more than a few inches in height) until on the exposed summits
it is practically absent. A map showing the distribution of
360 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
Bracken, therefore, gives us a very good outline of these slopes
of the moorland valleys and cloughs, and up these it ascends to a
height of 1700 feet. (Fig. 10, p. 353.)
To the east it descends along the valley-slopes in broken
strands to spread out in sheets on the plains when protected by
trees, to be again cut out by the deep shade of Sycamore, Elm,
and Beech.
The woodlands of the hill-slopes consist ehiefly of Oak, Birch,
and Pine. All are planted, but are often on the sites of
primitive forest or scrub, and none of the woods in this or the
two other zones considered is now primitive. They are given up
rather to the preservation of game than to the growth of timber.
Not much felling or pruning is done, and thus they remain
practically undisturbed for long periods. The Oak ascends to
1200 feet, but dies out above that limit, and the undergrowth is
essentially that of the adjacent moorlands. In the neighbour-
hood of Harden Moss are Pine-plantations from 1500-1100 feet,
and again at Black Moor from 1000-800 feet; but here they are
fully exposed to the prevailing winds, thrive badly, and in
several areas all the trees are dead. The undergrowth is
chiefly Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus).
(b) Heather Zone of the Millstone-Grit Plateau.
The central portion of the district is sharply marked off from
the western, and consists of a magnificent Millstone-Grit plateau,
through which deep narrow valleys have been cut into the shales
below by the tributaries of the river Holme. Though now
highly cultivated, it was formerly a heather moorland, and the
several portions are known as Thickhollins Moor, Melthan Moor,
Black Moor, Honley Moor, Netherton Moor, and Crosland
Moor. This plateau dips gently to the S.E. from 1000 to
450 feet. The soils are shallow, sandy, well drained, and in
places covered with a thin deposit of peat usually not more than
6-12 in. deep. In contrast to the Moss Moor, the conditions
here are such as to be unfavourable to the formation of deep
ill-drained peat. Some of this, as at Honley Woods, is Bracken
peat, being composed almost entirely of the remains of this
plant, and though this species is still present and in places
abundant, the Ling and Heath associates are now dominant.
This area is swept by the prevailing west winds, and in the
spring by the dry east winds, which, together with the soil-
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 361
conditions, favour the development of Xerophytes. It is a
typical physiologically dry area. Although the unreclaimed
heather moors are now small in extent and somewhat widely
separated, the roadside vegetation often consists of the relies of
the original moorland, and is of the heather moorland type, and
this indicated on the large-scale maps shows the present moor-
lands to be joined by a network of heath-plants. This primitive
vegetation is only kept in check by heavy manuring, and if that
is neglected the fields soon revert. Many acres which formerly
produced rich crops have now “gone back” to moor. This
type of vegetation extended formerly over the whole of the
Gritstone area. The features thus brought out help us in great
part to reconstruct the former vegetation of the Moss Moor and
Millstone-Grit plateau.
Although the rainfall in the latter area is considerable, the
soils are so permeable and poor in humus that they retain little
water. Heavy manuring in a great measure corrects this, but
when this is discontinued the less resistant cultivated plants
give way to xerophytes, which alone can withstand the drier
conditions and the sudden changes of temperature to which
such soils are liable.
As Graebner has shown, the effect of rich nutrition on heath-
plants, while it favours increased growth, renders them less
able to withstand the extremes of drought and cold.
Oak is the dominant tree, but prior to cultivation, as shown
by Moorhouse (69) and in ancient records, it was much more
extensive in this area. Along the edges of the plateau, Birch
(Betula verrucosa, Ehrh.) is abundant and at Honley Moor are
plantations of Pine, while Holly (Llev Aguifolium, Linn.) is
common on the slopes of Honley Wood. The tendency in
recent years has been to replace Oak with Sycamore, Elm, and
Beech. Woodlands are developed chiefly along the valley-slopes,
and on the map they give a general idea of the contour of the
country, and appear much narrower than they really are. The
eastern boundary of the Gritstone plateau is well marked by
these woods, the woods on the plains being characterized by
their broader (squarer) outlines.
The prevailing west winds sweep across these plains, and a
reference to the map will show that plants growing in the open
oak-birch woods, along the edge of the plateau, are placed under
conditions of drought and exposure (especially when we
362 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
remember. the shallow sandy nature of the soil here) in strong
contrast to species in the same wood growing on the steep,
moist, sheltered slopes. The trees, too, on the exposed parts
are generally stunted, being little more than tall shrubs.
(c) Coal-Measure Area.
The river Holme forms a well-marked boundary between
the Millstone-Grit plateau and the Lower Coal-Measures. The
rocks here consist of shales, clays, and fine-grained sandstones
often in rapid alternation. The soils offer a striking contrast to
those of the west; they are generally deeper and consist of more
or less clayey loam, and therefore moisture is more constant.
The general altitude of this area ranges from 450 to 200 feet,
though to the south-east the hills rise to 1200 feet. In parts
(usually the higher level) the soils, where they lie immediately
above the sandstones, are not uncommonly shallow, well-drained,
relatively dry, and yield a flora distinctly xerophytic. It is on
these soils that the heath-plants—Bilberry, Ling, Deschampsia,
and others—are carried, often in small patches, to the east. In
the days prior to high cultivation there is evidence that these
tracts were much more extensive than at present, and yielded
species now extinct, such as Listera cordata, R. Br., &c. While
Oak is still the dominant tree, there is a greater development of
Sycamore, Elm, and Beech. With the deeper soils, increased
moisture, lower altitude, and less exposure the trees thrive better
and attain much greater dimensions than in the higher regions
to the west. But in both areas, though more especially to the
east, tree-growth is handicapped by the smoke-cloud from the
manufacturing towns and villages in the district. The under-
growth consists largely of mesophytes, the three characteristic
plants being Bracken (Pteris aquilina), Holcus mollis, and
Scilla festalis, forming a Meso-pteridetum. To the south-east,
in the neighbourhood of Cheese Gate Nab and Pike Lowe,
however, the hills ascend to 1200 feet. They are capped with
Grenoside Sandstone, and here, as well as on their steep and
exposed shaly slopes, we get a repetition of the xerophytes
noticed on the slopes to the west, viz., Vaccinium Myrtillus,
Calluna Erica, DC., Erica cinerea, Linn., E. Tetraliv, Linn.,
Pteris, and xerophytie grasses; these plants also form the
characteristic vegetation of the undergrowth of the woods on
these hill-slopes.
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 363
Distribution of the Plants of the Millstone-Grit and
Coal-Measure Areas, as affected by Soils.
It is evident from the above observations that a change of
geological formations and soil-conditions is accompanied by a
change of plant formations.
In illustration of this we will take the upper central portion
of the district shown on the maps figs. 9 & 10 (pp. 352-3), that is,
the part covered by sheet 260 of the 6-inch Ordnance-Survey
map. Herethe two well-marked biological types occur, xerophytes
and mesophytes, and their distribution has been worked out on
the6-inch map, special attention being paid to the transition region
from the Millstone-Grits to the Coal-Measures. On the map
fig. 11 (p. 364) the results are shown reduced to the 1-inch scale.
Fig. 12 shows the geology of the same area, the details being
taken from sheet 260 of the 6-inch Geological-Survey map, and,
as in fig. 11, reduced to the 1-inch scale. Glacial deposits are
entirely absent, and, except for the formations of peat already
referred to, the soils owe their origin mainly to the denudation
of the underlying rocks, and therefore a comparison may, I think,
be fairly made with the solid geology map.
If we now make a comparison of the two maps figs. 11 & 12,
we find them both instructive and suggestive. Pteris, as we
have seen, is abundant in both areas, but its associates differ
considerably as we pass from one formation to the other. The
xerophytes are seen to follow pretty closely the Millstone-Grit
and Coal-Measure sandstones, except in the exposed, elevated
regions; while the mesophytes indicate as clearly the shales
and clays.
To render comparison easy, the same signs are used on the two
maps: the blaekened areas indicate shales aud clays on the
geological map and Mesophytes on the vegetation map; the other
sign indieates respectively sandstones and Xerophytes, a small
semi-xerophytie area is indieated by dotting.
Considerable differences occur in the physiological water in
soils over beds indicated by the general term shales, and a more
detailed study of these is in progress on lines similar to those
followed by Hedgecock (45).
In some instances, Xerophytes are absent over areas indicated
as sandstone on the Geological Map, as in Woodsome and
964 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
Roydhouse Woods, but in these cases the sandstones are covered
by a considerable depth of moist loam ; while, on the other hand,
Fig. 11.
Map snewinc DISTRIBUTION or XEROPHYTES & MESOPHYTES. — i.
EB í CKWOGD Ff Jl
: . Aoc
SS, -
ie ? jp Merwe ww. uy
w^ WS T f- -Anina Um
^ P AM Y
=e as woop N
N : ud "p à
cor Nu. ~ j / f fARRUY
Í C 3 . i Y 1 Mooh, E
Ly Ce i Jj
Wi ui E so E ee
aie LEY MERC RS x
"PL 7 ÈRI p PT an
BU dr" di Ux
[Tm uw s). o D TOAND A
p ` =f . g . E
` —X f 7300 We A e
p I [t \ E |a
ie WAR ur
Moo ;
Xerphytes BB Mesophytes nn tt BMS 2
Fig. 12.
ETE Sandstones Basta ew aes
Xerophytes occur on areas indicated as shales, but the soils here
are dry and poor. Though the line is often distinctly marked
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS, 365
betwecn the two, there is not infrequently an overlap—the
Xerophytes being carried further down the slopes, due partly to
the surface being strewn with fallen blocks of sandstone and
soils resulting from their denudation. As we have seen, the
more resistant sandstones usually occupy the higher ground, and
the conditions of soil and climate there favour Xerophytes;
while shales occupy the lower levels and sheltered slopes, where
soils and climatic conditions favour the development of
Mesophytes.
As we follow the species over the escarpments, we find that,
on reaching the shales and clays, Ling is the first to die out,
which it does very quickly. The Bilberry often extends further
down the slope, but, as with Ling, it dies out as the humus
becomes deficient, while Deschampsia holds on when both its
usual associates have disappeared. These features can be well
shown in a limited area, as in the case of the Armitage Bridge
Woods (fig. 8, p. 349) or other woods skirting the Millstone-Grit
Plateau, where, on the steep slopes, we get a rapid transition
from the dry exposed grit area above to the moist sheltered
slopes of the shales and clays below. These results fully bear
out Warming's observations that the distribution of plants is
determined largely by available water.
A comparison of the four maps (Trees, Undergrowth, Geology,
and Xerophytes and Mesophytes) will show the effect of the
dominant factors on plant-distribution in this area, viz.: soils,
moisture, exposure, light, and shade.
In the field I found it very convenient to use special terms
for these soil types, and had intended suggesting names which
seemed to express well the associations in relation to soil-
conditions; but, eonsidering the unsettled state of Ecological
Nomenclature, and that it will soon be considered by an inter-
national committee, I have withheld them. As one may gather
from a perusal of Clement's paper (16), the study of ecology
may very easily be burdened with many cumbrous names which
to me it seems well to avoid if possible. The terms I have used,
Xero-pteridetum and Meso-pteridetum, are easily understood,
and indieate suffieiently well the two important associations
determined by soil-conditions in this district.
Livingstone (60) has evidently been working on similar lines
in a glaciated area in Michigan, but paying special attention to
the distribution of trees, and has obtained corresponding results.
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXVII, 2D
366 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
II.—Errrcr or ENVIRONMENT ON STRUCTURE.
From what has been said, it is clear that these common species
must frequently grow under very dissimilar conditions, and in
examining the plants in the transition zone, or zone of tension
as Cowles terms it, it is at once obvious that a change of
conditions, while not immediately limiting their distribution,
produces a marked effect on their habit and structure. We find
that as the Mesophytes invade the region of the Xerophytes, and
come under the influence of drier and more rigorous conditions,
they develop xerophytie characters. On the other hand, as
the Xerophytes encroach on the Mesophytes, and come under
the mellowing influences of moisture and shade, they tend to
lose xerophytie characters and take on mesophytie characters.
The more plastie or adaptable a species is, the wider its range
of variation and distribution ; theless plastie or adaptable species
show a narrow range of structural variation and a more restricted
distribution. Between these extremes we find every degree of
modification. My object has been, therefore, to ascertain the
region of maximum development of a few common species, study
their eonditions of growth, and determine to what extent a
change in one or more of these conditions has upon their
structure.
Judging from a summary of the investigations made by
Chrysler (13), similar changes have been noted in the strand-
plants occurring on the Atlantic Coast in the vicinity of Woods
Hole, Mass., and also near Lake Michigan near Chicago, III. ;
and Hesselman (47) has recently published the results of his
investigations of the plants of the “ Laubwiesen" of Sweden,
and they agree closely with mine.
The study of Plant Biology has of late received considerable
attention, and the works of Schimper, Goebel, Wiesner, Stahl,
Haberlandt, &c. provide us with a useful foundation on which
to build further investigations into the complex relations and
life-histories of the plants forming these associations.
There is perhaps a danger, when studying the structure of a
plant in relation to its environment, to assume on insufficient
grounds direct adaptation. A useful and timely corrective in
this direction is the recent excellent criticism by Detto (23).
The point of view adopted by Küster (54) is also worthy of
careful eonsideration in this connection. Many of the modi-
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 367
fications usually attributed, for example, to the direct influence
of light, mechanical forces (as strain), &c., he would consider
rather as pathological states due to insufficient nourishment,
lowered transpiration, and the like.
Again, the results obtained by the examination of the tissues
of plants exposed to sun or shade are sometimes contradictory.
It is generally admitted that what are known as *'sun-leaves "
are developed in situations exposed to intense sunlight, as on
sand-dunes, moorlands, Alpine regions, as well as under less
rigorous conditions.
Leist (56), however, in examining the leaves of Alpine plants,
came to the conclusion that they showed mesophytic rather than
xerophytie, shade rather than sun, structures, and gave as an
explanation the considerable period during which the mountains
are enveloped by clouds.
Wagner (97), on the other hand, came to the opposite
conclusion, and found that the “sun” type and xerophytie
structures became more pronounced with increased altitude and
the accompanying xerophytie conditions. This accords with the
observations of Bonnier (7) aud others, and also that transpiration
and assimilation are augmented at high altitudes.
Wiesner's observations on transpiration (104) show that under
the same conditions shade-leaves transpire more than sun-leaves.
Bergen (5), however, in his study of the evergreens of the
Mediterranean region, concluded that sun-leaves transpired
more than shade-leaves under the same conditions.
The investigations of Ball (3) as to the value of stresses in
the development of mechanical tissues has considerably modified
our views on tbis subject ; from his results we are no longer able
to give such an important place to the effects of the stimulus of
stresses as we were led to do by the earlier experiments of
Hegler (46).
These instances will be sufficient to show that so-called adaptive
structures will require in the future re-investigation, and that
we are scarcely justified, in spite of the considerable work that
has already been accomplished, in attributing dogmatically these
modifications to particular factors. We may record the modi-
fications and observe the conditions under which they are
produced as far as we can discern them, but prolonged study,
not only in the laboratory, but also in the field, will be necessary
before satisfactory conclusions can be drawn. .
2pn2
968 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
We will now consider some of the modifications noted in the
more important species characterizing the several associations of
the Huddersfield distriet.
(a) DOMINANT SPECIES.
PTERIS AQUILINA, Linn. (Pteridium aquilinum Kuan).
Bracken.
It has been already shown ihat the distribution of Bracken is
extensive in this district. It is the dominant plart of the
undergrowth in the Coal-Measure Oak woods, where it forms
large and characteristic masses, but when the dominant trees
are Sycamore, Elm, and Beech, or a dense shrubby undergrowth
of Hazel or Elder, their deep shade tends to restrict its distri-
bution. Outside these woods, it is confined mainly to the
hedgerows, perhaps a relie of a former more extended distribution.
It ascends into the Gritstone area, where, in the dry shallow
soils, it is limited by competition with rhizomatous plants such
as Ling and Bilberry. In the open Bireh-Oak woods along
the edges of the Gritstone Plateau many observations were
made to determine the positions these rhizomes occupy with
relation to each other. It was found that, in 95 per cent. of the
plants examined, the rhizomes of Bracken were from four to six
inches nearer the surface than was found to be the case ina
corresponding number of observations in the Coal- Measure Oak
woods. In areas where Bracken is associated with Ling and
Bilberry, its rhizomes were found to be distinctly below those of
the latter; while the rhizomes of Ling, though generally two to
three inches above those of the Bracken, were not uncommonly
found at the same level, and often they were distinctly interlaced.
Here Bracken rarely forms continuous sheets, but is broken up
into more or less isolated patches, as shown in the Heather area
in the map of Armitage Bridge Woods (fig. 8, p. 349) ; and this is
a characteristie feature in all dry Oak and Birch woods wherever
these plants are associated; they form, as we have seen, a com-
petitive association, and sometimes one, sometimes the other
species dominates. In such situations, therefore, Bracken is
much more exposed to adverse conditions, such as higher level,
dry shallow soils, strong winds, much less protection by trees;
and the rhizomes being more superficial, they are more likely
to suffer injury through cold. As might naturally be expected,
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 369
it is in the open, more exposed parts of this area that xerophytie
characters reach their greatest development. In the treeless
hill-region to the west it is a characteristic plant of the steep
hill-slopes, where it is a striking feature in the landscape. These
slopes offer it considerable protection, but the species dies out
above as the exposure increases. The leaves here do not exhibit
as a whole such strongly marked xerophytic characters as those
of the Gritstone Plateau, for, although the plants are exposed
throughout a considerable period to intense sunlight, the
soil-conditions as regards moisture are on the whole more
favourable.
Growing in such diverse habitats and under such varying
conditions, the plant shows extreme modifications in structure.
Very numerous specimens have been collected and examined,
and my observations on the structure of the leaf bear out fully
those of Boodle (9), and his suggestion that “light is not the
all-important factor determining the structure of the sun and
shade leaves,” is supported by my observations of plants in
natural habitats in this area. I should, however, say that light
is only one of the factors, the other chief ones being wind and
available moisture; for we find extreme shade-structures in
sheltered moist situations under the shade of Beech and Elm,
and the maximum sun-form in bright, illuminated, windy, dry
situations on the Gritstone Plateau.
The admirable pioneer work of Stahl (92), also of Haberlandt
(42) and Schimper (83), laid the foundations for observations of
this kind, and they have been since extended in many directions
by numerous observers. For a more extensive bibliography on
leaf-struetures and functions, reference may be made to
Karsten (50 4) and Burgerstein (10).
Figs. 13-16 (p. 870) show transverse sections of corresponding
pinne from plants growing under different conditions.
Fig. 13 is a section of a leaf from an open Birch wood on the
Gritstone Plateau. Here the fronds are from 12 to 18 inches
in height, are dark green in colour, and leathery, the plants
barely overtopping the plants of Ling among whieh they grow.
The epidermis has a thick cuticle, the cells of which are devoid
of chlorophyll; beneath this is a nearly continuous hypoderm
consisting of thick-walled colourless cells forming an aqueous
layer. Between these are occasionally thin-walled cells which
contain few or no chlorophyll granules. Below this is a well-
370 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
developed palisade about three cells deep, followed by a reduced
spongy tissue with relatively small air-spaces.
Fig. 14 is a section of a pinnule from the leaf of a plant
grown in an Oak wood. The cuticle of the epidermis here is
thinner, the cells contain few chlorophyll grains, aud the hypo-
dermis is developed only over the veins. The palisade, though
well defined, consists only of two layers, and between these cells
smallair-spaces are frequent. Inthe spongy tissue the air-spaces
are large.
Figs. 13-16.
Fig. 13. Trans. sect. of a pinnule of Pteris aquilina from a plant growing
under xerophytie conditions on the Gritstone Plateau.
14. Trans. sect. of a pinnule from a plant growing in the medium shade
of an Oak wood.
15. Trans. sect. of a pinnule from a plant growing under the shade of
Sycamore.
16. Trans. sect. of a pinnule from a plant growing under the deep shade
of Beech.
Fig. 15 is from a frond growing in the shade of a Sycamore
wood. In this case the cuticle is very thin, palisade greatly
reduced, a spongy parenchyma occupying a very considerable
part of the mesophyll. Chlorophyll corpuscles more frequent
in the epidermis than in fig. 14. The leaf is therefore much
ihinner.
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 371
Fig. 16 shows the section of a leaf from a plant growing in
a moist situation under the shade of Beeches. It is exceed-
ingly thin, the epidermal cells are very thin-walled and contain
numerous chlorophyll granules, while the mesophyll is reduced
to two or three cells in thickness.
All these variations in structure may be found within a very
limited area; e. g., the woods at Armitage Bridge, as they afford
all the necessary conditions. These woods skirt the edge of the
Gritstone Plateau and extend over the steep slopes. Their
higher parts are dry and sandy, and the soil is covered with a
shallow peat, and the plants are exposed to the adverse conditions
of the plateau generally. Bracken occurs in patches among the
ericaceous undergrowth, and in the less protected parts develops
extreme xerophytic characters. Over the moister, more sheltered
slopes, protected by the Oak, it becomes more mesophytic in
structure ; while in the deep shade area in the slope, under Beech
and Elm, it becomes extremely attenuated and eventually dies
out.
The amount of shade produced by a given species of tree is not
always the same; consequently we do not necessarily find shade-
struetures developed in herbaceous plants under shade species.
Closeness of planting, age of tree, and the condition of its
growth have to be considered.
Pteris aquilina. | Leaf-stalk.
The examination of leaves from these different habitats
showed that not only was the leaf-blade modified in structure
according to environment, but also the leaf-stalk. For purposes
of comparison, transverse sections were made in each case 14 in.
below the lowest pair of leaflets. These are shown in outline in
figs. 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27 (p. 372). Portions of these are shown
x 150 diam., taken through the tissues of the same region in
each ease. Fig. 17 is a section from a plant growing in a dry
windy situation in an open Birch wood on the Gritstone Plateau.
Here we see (fig. 18) the stereom is very strongly developed, and
the cavities of the fibres are reduced to minute pores. This band
is 13 or 14 cells deep, encroaching closely on the outer steles,
and the thiekening is continued into the ground-tissue still
further. If portions of these leaf-stalks are cut off and tapped
together, they ring like dry bones. The stereom as here developed
372 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
Figs. 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, & 97.
Fig. 17. T. S. leaf-stalk from exposed situation of Gritstone Plateau.
18. T. S. portion of the same; x 150 diam.
19. T. S. leaf-stalk, Oak-wood form.
20. T. S. portion of the same ; x 150 diam.
21. T. S. leaf-stalk from a very large frond from a moist Oak wood.
L = lacune.
22. T. S. portion of 21; x 150 diam.
23. T. S. leaf-stalk of an immature shade-form.
24. T. S. portion of 23; x 150 diam.
25. T. S. leaf-stalk, mature shade-form.
26. T. S. portion of 25; x 150 diam.
27. T. S. slender leaf-stalk, Oak-wood form.
28. T. S. portion of 27; x 150 diam.
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 373
Figs. 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, & 28,
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Leaf-stalks of Pteris aquilina, showing variations in the development of
stercom in plants growing under different conditions,
374 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
will be of service in resisting strain in every direction. The
stem is further strengthened by the development of well-
marked stereom-strands between the steles (fig. 17).
Bracken Leaf-stem. Oak-form.
The leaf-stalk of a plant growing under moderate conditions
of light, moisture, and wind in a Coal-Measure Oak wood shows
in transverse section a somewhat cylindrical outline (fig. 19),
flattened or slightly depressed, along the upper and lower
surfaces. The sclerenchyma forms a firm but narrow band,
often not more than four to five cells deep, with a slight
tendency to increase along the upper surface (fig. 20). The
supporting mechanism is that of a pillar or strut, and the great
majority of specimens examined showed very little specialization
beyond this, even in cases of very large fronds with leaf-stalks
3 in. or more in diameter. In these the tendency is to develop
one or more fairly large lacune (figs. 21 & 22).
Leaf-stalk. | Shade-form.
If we now examine plants growing in the deep shade of Elm
or Beech, we find the leaf-stalk strikingly reduced, often less
than å in. in diameter. Relatively large, very thin fronds are
developed, but the leaf-stalk is too weak to support the weight
of the blade, and the general habit of the plant is drooping or
more or less prostrate. Fig. 23 is a transverse section of the
leaf-stalk of a young frond, which had grown about a foot above
the surface of the ground and before the blade had expanded.
The outline is somewhat cireular, but with a distinet tendency
to flatten on the upper side. The sclerenchyma is slightly
developed peripherally, forming a very narrow band two or
three cells deep (fig. 24). As the leaf-stalk matures and the
frond unfolds, it will be under the stimulus of slight but con-
tinuous stress, and a comparison of this with the mature form
shows striking changes to have taken place (figs. 25 & 26).
The outline becomes less cireular, and a well-marked girder-
form is developed ; the tension-flange is narrow but considerably
thickened, with a distinct wedge of sclerenchyma in the centre.
The compression-flange is broadened considerably and develops
lateral wings, which not only serve to withstand compression,
but stiffen it for resisting lateral stresses, just as girders are
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 975
sometimes stiffened by side-pieces to resist lateral vibrations.
In addition we find lateral stereom strands developed in the
ground-tissue between the steles. These might be compared to
the similar strands found in the exposed form. Fig. 26 shows
these outer tissues with the much thickened stereom-band.
Under these conditions and in such habitats, this form frequently
recurs throughout the district.
Frequently we find leaf-stalks of a similar diameter in the
Bracken of an Oak wood, but they are erect, not drooping.
They are subjected mainly to compressive stresses, and the
tendency of the stalk is to form the strongest strut or pillar. A
transverse section (fig. 27) of such a slender-stalked form,
therefore, shows a distinct pillar-mechanism with the strengthen-
ing material as far from the centre as possible. The outline is
somewhat circular, with a uniform band of much-thickened
sclerenchyma nine to ten cells deep (fig. 28), the fibres of which
are more brittle than in the deep-shade form. In this the
strands between the steles are often not developed.
The Bracken thus affords an interesting example of the deve-
lopment of mechanical tissues apparently as a result of tensile
and compressive stresses. In the shade-form the stresses are
small but continuous, due to the weight of the relatively large
frond. Under opposite conditions in dry, open, windy situations,
although the plants are dwarfed and thus relatively protected,
the stalk is affected by varying stresses in all directions, and
here we find the development of the stereom to be enormously
increased. Under medium conditions, in the shelter of an Oak
wood, the leaf-stalk is tall, erect, and pillar-like. Every grada-
tion between these forms is found under intermediate conditions.
Many of the specimens first examined showed these features to
recur so often as to give support to Hegler’s results (46).
But forms were found which introduced an element of un-
certainty ; and it is obviously impossible to Judge of all the
conditions influencing these structures in the field. The excep-
tions were frequent enough to show that although the stimulus
of stresses might be a contributory cause, evidently other
influences were at work as yet undetermined. The evident
pliability of this species recommends it as suitable for experiments
in this direction, but the results are as yet too incomplete to be
dealt with here. Bali (3), who has recently repeated Hegler’s
observations, contends, as the result of numerous interesting
376 MR. T. W. WOODHEAD ON THE
experiments, that the development of mechanical tissues is not
so indueed; and he failed to produce either increase in the
ability to resist mechanical pulling, or any thickening of the
tissues, as the result of a gradual increase in the pull exerted
upon young stems. The results he produced were inconstant—
sometimes a thiekening was produced, sometimes not. We
must look, therefore, to some other (probably a series of inter-
acting) eauses for a full explanation of the development of
stereom,
Pteris aquilina. Rhizome.
Many observations have been made and much has been written
on the presence or absence of Pteris on caleareous soils, and the
influences of the physical and chemieal nature of the soil on its
distribution and structure. In West Yorkshire it shows a
distinct preference for sandstone soils, but, as indicated by
Lees (55) and others, it is by no means absent from limestone;
while More (70) includes it in the group “ Calcifuge B," that is,
not infrequent on lime soils, but invariably in greater abundance
and luxurianee on soils from which lime is absent. More
recently its distribution from this point of view has been dealt
with by Gillot & Durafour (34). In the Huddersfield district
ealeareous soils are absent, therefore lime cannot be one of the
factors influencing its distribution within this area.
Masclef (64) examined the rhizomes of Bracken growing
respectively in clayey and calcareous soils on the escarpments
at Rogerville and Harfleur and also on the granite rocks at
Cezembre. He found that in siliceous soils they present the
normal structure; in soils impregnated with lime the scleren-
chyma was greatly developed, the outer band of reserve con-
junctive tissue being reduced to half its normal diameter;
whilst in pure chalk the sclerenchyma was increased to such
an extent as to reduce the reserve tissues to a very narrow
band. These changes he attributes to the chemical influence
rather than to the physical nature of the soil. He found that
specimens collected on soils containing 5 to 7 per cent. of lime
showed structures between those growing on pure chalk and
those growing on exclusively siliceous soils. No such quantity
of lime could be expected in the soils in the Huddersfield
district, and careful analyses of many samples showed them to
contain from ‘02 to *0£ per cent. of lime; yet an examination
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 377
of the rhizomes of plants growing in sandy soils containing
'03 per cent. of lime on the Gritstone Plateau showed modi-
fications exactly similar to those attributed by Masclef to the
chemical influence of lime. I can find nothing in a chemical
analysis of these soils which helps to account for these striking
variations, but would rather attribute them to physical and
climatic conditions. Certainly here the modifications cannot be
attributed to the chemical influence of lime. The study of
vegetation in this region tends to support the conclusions and
experiments in this direetion of Warrington (103), Hedgecock
(45), and others.
In the moist sheltered situations over clays and shales of the
Coal-Measures and under the shade of Beech, the rhizomes lie
in the loose humus near the surface and may be very easily
uprooted. Here they are relatively slender, easily break, and
are seantily covered with brown hairs.
Fig. 29 (p. 378) is a diagram of a trausverse section of such a
rhizome, and fig. 30 shows in detail the structure of the mechanical
tissues. The epidermis consists of thin-walled and wrinkled
cells, and beneath this is a single line of dark brown cells whose
outer and radial walls are strongly thickened and pitted. This
is succeeded by a band 3-4 cells deep with yellowish, very
slightly thiekened walls, these cells containing a small number
of starch-grains. The two bands of sclerenchyma between the
outer and inner rings of steles, consist of cells with pale brown,
slightly thickened walls, and contain numerous stareh-grains.
In striking contrast to this, the rhizomes of Bracken growing
in sandy soil in an Oak-Birch wood on the Gritstone Plateau show
an enormous development of stereom (fig. 31). The epidermis
produces abundant hairs forming a thick felt-like covering.
Beneath this is a band 2-3 cells deep with dark brown, greatly
thiekened and pitted walls, succeeded by a broad yellowish-
brown band 9-10 cells deep, and with strongly thickened walls
forming a well-marked stereom-band containing little starch
(fig. 32). Between this and the outer steles are several few-
celled stereom groups. The stereom between the outer and
inner steles forms often a complete ring and extending out-
wardly between them. The walls are dark brown, very strongly
thickened and pitted, the cavities greatly reduced and con-
taining few or no starch-grains. In addition to this, each of
the outer steles is bouuded on its outer side by a well-marked
378 MR. T. W. WOODIIEAD ON THE
Figs, 29-32.
m
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Fig. 29. T. S. rhizome of Pteris aquilina growing under the shade
of Beech.
30, T. S. portion of 29150 diam. showing weakly-developed
stereom.
3l. T. S. rhizome of P, aquilina from a plant growing in an
exposed situation in dry sandy soil.
32, T. 8. of 31 showing strongly-developed stereom. x 150 diam.
ECOLOGY OF WOODLAND PLANTS. 379
stereom-band 2-3 cells deep, and an almost complete stereom-
plate is formed in the centre between the inner steles. On the
steep slopes in the transition region every gradation between
these extremes is found as we pass from the dry exposed
gritstone summit over the moister sheltered areas of the shales
and clays, the rhizomes reaching their maximum development
aud possessing the greatest storage capacity in the moist Oak
woods in moderate shade. The observations of Blackman (5 A),
Brown (9 4), and others show that shade-leaves assimilate more in
the shade than sun-leaves in the shade. Under these circum-
stances, much stareh will be produced by the shade-plants and a
considerable storage-tissue required. A comparison of the
rhizomes of Pteris growing under different conditions shows, as
we have seen, that under moderate shade the rhizomes attain their
greatest development and possess the greatest amount of storage-
tissue ; while plants growing under xerophytie conditions have on
the whole thinner rhizomes, but a great development of stereom,
and therefore a correspondingly reduced starch-storage tissue.
The maximum of storage-tissue, in proportion to the diameter
of the rhizome, I found in plants growing in deep shade.
SCILLA FESTALIs, Salisb. Bluebell or Wood Hyacinth.
This species obtains its maximum development in this district in
the moist Oak and Sycamore woods on the Coal-Measure shales
and clays.
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INDEX,
[Synonyms and native names are printed in ééalics.
A star is added to names
which are ostensibly here published for the first time.]
Abies brachytila, Franch., 418.
Davidiana, Franch., 421.
Delavayi, Franch., 422.
var. sutchuensis, Franch.,
22,
diversifolia, Maxim., 422.
firma, Sieb. § Zucc., 422
likiangensis, Franch., 418.
Mariesii, Mast., 422
recurvata, Mast. * , 423.
sachalinensis, Mast., 423.
squamata, Mast., 423.
Veitchii, Lindl., 422.
yunnanensis, Franch., 421.
Abrus precatorius, Linn., 145, 438, 486.
pulchellus, Wall., 145.
A bsciss layer of Scilla, 381.
Abutilon fruticosum, Guill. 4 Perr.,
indicum, Sweet, 125.
matopense, Gibbs * , 451.
zanzibarieum, Boj., 125.
Abyssinia, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Acacia Gerrardi, Benth., 595, 536.
hebeclada, DC., 150.
macrothrysa, Harms, 513.
pennata, Willd., 150.
prorsispinula, Stapf * , 513.
Seyal, Del., 57, 150, 543.
Sieberiana, DC., 150.
stenocarpa, Hochst., 150.
Suma, Kurz, 53, 57.
Verek, Guill. & Perr., 149.
verugera, Schweinf., 57.
Welwitschii, Oliver, 442 ;
485.
Acacia, Mountain, 492,
Acalypha ornata, A. Rich., 213.
in flower, |
Acalypha peduncularis, Meissn., 470 ;
mentioned, 490.
zambesica, Muell. Arg., 470; men-
tioned. 490.
Acanthaceæ from Rhodesia, 458; from
Uganda. 193, 527.
Acanthopale decempedalis, C. B. Clarke,
193 ; 1n Uganda, 118.
Acanthus arboreus, Forsk., 527, 528.
eminens, C. B. Clarke, P
montanus, T. Anders., 528.
ugandensis, C. B. Clarke * , 527
Acer Pseudoplatanus, Linn., dominant,
350; in woods, 337, 338, 342, 347.
Acholi, its vegetation, 542.
| Achyranthes aspera, Linn.,
488.
AchyroclireTHochstetteri, Sch. Bip.,169.
Acioa pallescens, Baill., 97.
Whytei, Stapf * , 97.
Acridocarpus ugandensis, Sprague, 544.
Acrostichum conforme, Sw., 249, 250.
laurifolium, Thou , 249.
polytrichoides, Thou., 248.
Actiniopteris radiata, Link, 481,
Actinostrobus, Mig., distinct from Wid-
dringtonia, 267.
Adansonia digitata, Linn., in fruit, 485.
Adaptive structures, 867.
Adenia venenata, Forsk., 156.
Adenium coëtaneum, Siapf, 548.
Adenocarpus Mannii, Hook. f, 141.
Adenopus breviflorus, Benth., 53, 56.
Adiantum sthiopicum, Linn., 245,
250.
Capillus-Veneris, Linn., 480, 488,
caudatum, Linn., 480.
crenatum, Poir., 245.
2R2
202, 465,
046
Adiantum Oatesii, Baker. 480, 488.
Poiretii, Wikstr., 245.
thalictroides, Willd., 245.
Æschynanthus cordifolia, Kränzl. * ,
282.
Curtisii, C. B. Clarke, 283.
Fraseriara, Kränzl.* , 275, 284.
Hoseana, Kränzl. * , 284.
javanica, Kollins., 288.
Motleyi, C. B. Clarke, 285.
parvifolia, K. Br., 283, 284.
rhodophylla, Kränzl. * , 283.
Teijsmanniana, Mig., 284.
Æschynomene aspera, Linn., 57.
cristata, Vatke, 488; mentioned,
427, 486.
indien, Linn., 144.
Schimperi, Hochst., 144.
Africa, Carex in (Clarke), 2; Roses in
(Baker), 79.
African regions of Uganda, Central,
East & West, 117; Rubiaceæ and
Compositæ (Moore), 298-329.
Afrodaphne, Stapf * , 110; distrib., 81.
calabarica, Stapf* , 112.
caudata, Stapf * , 112.
elata, Sfapf*, 111.
euryneura, Stapf * , 112.
fruticosa, Stapf*, 111.
gaboonensis, Stapf * , 112.
grandifolia, Stapf * , 111.
Mannii, Stapf * , 111.
minutiflora, Stapf * , 111.
nitida. Stapf * , 111.
obscura, Stapf * , 112.
Preussii, Stapf * , 111.
sessilifolia, Stapf*, 111.
Staudtii, Stapf* , 111.
Zenkeri, Stapf * , 111.
Afzelia africana, Sm., 542, 543.
eunnzensis, Welw., 440 ; men-
tioned, 426, 485, 492, (pl. 20)
494.
Agauria salicifolia, Hook, f.. 530.
Agelaea nitida, Soland., 146.
Aiouea, Aubl., 110.
Akonyeshagum. 125.
Alaphia clusioides S. Moore * , 181.
grandis, Stapf, 181; in Uganda,
118
landolphioides, K. Schum., 181; in
Uganda, 118.
lucida, Stapf, 181.
Schumannii, Stapf, 181; in Uganda,
118.
Albizzia brachyealyx, Oliver, 150.
Brownei, Walp., 151; mentioned,
536.
coriaria, Welw., 536.
fastigiata, Oliver, 151.
sp., 442, 485.
'
|
|
INDEX,
Albizzia versicolor, Welw., 150.
Albuea caudata, Jacg., 473; mentioned,
490.
Alchemilla argyrophylla, Oliver, 514.
geranioides, Rolfe * , 514, 539.
ruwenzoriensis, Rolfe * , 514, 580.
Stuhlmannii, Engl., 039.
tenuicaulis, Hook, f., 514.
Alchornea cordifolia, Muell.
213.
Algae, blaze-currents in, 36, 40.
Arg.,
| —— endophytic (Cotton), 288-297.
| Alisma Plantago, Linn., axillary scales,
228, 231, 232, 235 ; fig. expl.,
237.
ranunculoides, Linn., axillary scales,
228, 231 ; fig. expl., 297.
Alismaces, axillary scales, 228; Buch-
enau on, 236.
Allophyllus africanus, Beauv., 136.
lateloliatus Baker f. * , 137.
pseudo-panieulatus, Baker f.*, 137.
stachyanthus, Gilg, 137.
subcoriaceus, Baker f.*, 137,
Welwitschii, Gig, 137.
Aloë Johnstoni, Baker, 225,
Alpine region of Uganda, 117.
Alsodeia Afzelii, Engi., 82.
brachypetala, Turcz., 88.
Dawei, Sprague * , 497.
Johnstonei, Stapf * , 84.
kamerunensis, Engl., 83, 84.
longicuspis, Engl., 497.
prasina, Stapf * , 82.
Whytei, Stapf* , 85.
Alsophila podophylla, Hook., var. pro-
cunbens, Tutcher * , 68.
Alternanthera sessilis, K. Br.,
486.
Althenia filiformis, Petit, Prillieux on,
236.
Amarantacem from
from Uganda, 201.
Amarantus Blitum, Linn., 201.
Amaryllidaceæ from Rhodesia, 473;
from Uganda, 223, 529.
Ambatch (Herminiera) in Sudd, 52, 53,
55.
America, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Ammannia baccifera, Linn., 154.
Ampelideæ from Uganda, 135.
Ampelocissus Chantinii, Planch., 541.
gracilipes, Stapf * , 90.
salmonea, Planch., 90,
Amphidoxa filaginea, Fical. § Hiern,
315.
Anacardiaces from Rhodesia, 436; from
Uganda, 139.
Anaphrenium pulcherrimum, Schweinf.,
139.
Ancylanthos fulgidus, Welw., 309.
465,
Rhodesia, 465;
INDEX.
Andropogon eucomus, Nees, 479.
filipendulus, Hochst., 542,
hirtus, Linn., 479.
8p., (pls. 18, 20) 494.
Androsiphonia, Stapf * , 101.
adenostegia, Stapf * , 101.
Aneilema beninense, Kunth, 226.
Anglo-German Uganda Boundary Com-
mission, plants coll. by, 116-227.
Angola, Pogge's coll. from, 299,
Anisopappus africanus, Oliver § Hiern,
170.
Ankole, its vegetation, 535.
Anogeissus leiocarpa, Guill. & Perr.,
543.
Anona senegalensis, Pers., 429; habit
of, 447 ; hurried fl., 400; mentioned,
at Buyaga, 540.
Anonacem from Rhodesia, 428; from
Uganda, 120.
Ansellia africana, Lindl., 471.
Authocleista inermis, agl., 186.
iusulana, S. Moore * , 186.
Anthospermum ciliare, Linn., 447 ; men- |
tioned, 427, 490,
lanceolatum, Hiern, 104.
lanceolatum, Thunb., 447.
Antiaris toxicaria, Leschen., 214; men-
tioned, 534, 542.
Antidesma membranaceum, var. molle,
Muell. Arg., 211.
Apetale frum Uganda, 201.
Apis mellifera, race Adansoni, 543.
Apium australe, 7Aou., 242 ; mentioned,
240
Apocynacer from Rhodesia, 453; from |
Uganda, 179, 526.
Apodytes beninense, Hook. f., 134.
Aponogeton, Linn. f., 230.
distachyon, Thunb., axillary scaies,
228, 230; Dutailly on, 236,
vallisnerioides, Baker, 226.
Aponogetonacese, axillary scales, 2 24,
547
| Asclepias denticulata, Schlechter, 184.
| fruticosa, Linn., 453.
glaucophylla, Schlechter, 184; men-
tioned, 536.
macrantha, Hochst, 184; men-
| tioned, 536.
| Phillipsiæ, N. E. Br., 184.
tenuifolia, N. E. Br., 453; men-
tioned, 491,
Ascophyllum, Stackh.,
in, 36.
Asia, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Asparagus Buchanani, Baker, 225.
faleatus, Linn., 225.
| laricinus, Burch., 473.
Aspidium capense, Willd., 248.
coriaceum, Sw., 248.
Asplenium alvarezense, Rud. Br.*,
endemic, 211.
crassum, Thou., 247.
furcatum, Thunb., 481.
obliquum, Forst., 247.
Ruta-muraria, Linn., 248.
Association, competitive, 347.
complementary, 345, 348.
Associations at Victoria Falls, 484.
Astrochlæna malvacea, Ha/lier f., var
epedunculata, Rendle * , 456.
Asystasia, Blume, 196.
africana, O. B. Clarke, 195.
coromandeliana, Nees, 57, 461,
486.
Athanasia oligocephala, DC., 323.
Atroxima, Stapf * , 85; distrib., 81,
Afzeliana, Stapf * , 86.
liberiea, Stapf * , 5D.
macrostachya, Stapf * , 86.
Zenkeri, Stapf * , 86.
Auerswald Herb. now at British Mu-
seum, 290, 323, 325.
| Axillary ecales of aquatie Monocotyle-
| dons (Gibson), 228-237.
Azolla nilotica, Deene., 52, 58, DT.
blaze-currents
247 ;
Apparatus for electric currents in plants |
(Waller), 33.
Aptosimum lineare, Marl.
456.
& Engl.,
Aquatic Monocotyledons, their axillary |
scales (Gibson), 228-237.
Araliacez from Rhodesia, 446.
Aristea Johnstoniana, Rendle, 2 223.
Aristolochia Th waitesii, Hook. f., from |
Hongkong, 66.
Artabotrys brachypetala, Benth., 428.
sp., 121.
stenopetala, Engl., mentioned, 121.
Arum maculatum, Linn., competing
with Scilla, 342.
Arundinaria alpina, K. Schum., 538.
Asclepiadeæ from Rhodesia, 403 ; from
Uganda, 182.
Bagshawe, Dr. A. G., coll. by, 116.
Bahr-el-Jebel, Sudd near, 51.
Baikiaea Eminii, Taub., 149, 534.
Baissea tenuiloba, Stapf, 182;
Uganda, 118.
Balanites ægyptiaca, Del., 541.
507.
Wilsoniana, Dawe & Sprague *
506; mentioned, 507, 537, 540,
541.
Balanophoree from Uganda, 209.
Balsamina amoena, Wall., 26.
rosmarinifolia, DC., 26.
Balsamocitrus, Stapf*, 504;
tioned, 541.
| Dawei, Stapf * , 505, (pl. 22) 541.
in
men-
548
Balsamodendron sp., (pl. 17) 494; men-
tioned, 485.
Bamboos on Ruwenzori, 538.
Banksianz (Rose), il, 73.
Baphia polygalacea, Baker, 148.
Radcliffei, Baker J.*, 147.
Bari, its vegetation, 543.
Barleria opaca, Nees, 196; in Uganda,
118.
Barteria acuminata, Boker f., 155.
nigritana, Hook. f., 156.
Barumba, plants coll. at, 116.
Bauhinia, Linn., 256; in fruit, 485.
fassoglensis, Kotschy, 541.
reticulata, DC., 540.
Beans, bicarpellary (Drabble), 17-21.
Beech, dominant, 350; in woods, 337,
338, 342, 347.
Bees hived in Ficus Syeomorus, 543,
Begonia auriculatum, Hook. f., 104.
Eminii, Warb., 156.
Scutulum, Hook. f., 103.
Simii, Stapf * , 104.
Whytei, Stapf* , 103.
Begoniacew from Ugai da, 156,
Beilschmiedia elata, 8. Eliot, 111.
fruticosa, Engl., 203.
fruticosa, Engl., 111.
guboonensis, Hook. f., 112.
Mannii, Hook. f., 111.
minutiflora, Hook. f., 111.
nitida, Engl., 111.
obscura, Engl., 112.
Preussii, Engl., 111.
sessilifolia, Engl., 111.
Siaudtii, Engl., 111.
ugandensis, Rendle * , 203.
Zenkeri, Engl., 111.
Bembycodium Athanasiwm, Kunze, 323,
329.
Bergia decumbens, Planch., 430; men-
tioned, 490.
Bersama Holstii, Giirke, 139.
leiostegia, S/apf* , 92.
maxima, Baker, 512.
paullinicides, Baker, 92, 139.
ugandensis, Sprague * , 512; men-
tioned, 535.
Betula verrucosa, Ehrh., abundant in
|
|
Heather zone, 361, 395; dominant, |
5350 ; found buried, 358.
Bibliography of T. W. Woodhead's
paper, 599—404.
Miss Gibbs on Rhodesia, 493.
Bicarpellary beans (Drabble), 17-21.
Bidens ambiguus, S. Moore * , 822.
croceus, Welw., var. verruciferus,
S. Moore * , 322.
lineariloba, Oliver § Hiern, 322.
Bignoniacez from Uganda, 193.
Bilberry, see Vaccinium Myrtillus.
INDEX.
Binsambwe, 128.
Biota, see Thuya,
Birch, a dominant tree, 350, 395; found
buried, 358.
Birks Wood, maps of, 338-342.
Bixacex from Rhodesia, 429; from
Uganda, 123.
Blaze-currents in plants (Waller), 32-
50.
Blepharis cristata, S. Moore * , 194.
Blepharispermum pubescens, S. Moore*,
168.
spinulosum, Oliver § Hiern, 169.
Bluebell, see Scilla festalis.
Blumea gariepina, DC., 449, 490.
lacera, DC., 168, 449.
Boerhavia dichotoma, Vahl, 201.
plumbaginea, Cav., 201.
Bolusanthus speciosus, Harms, 439 ;
in flower, 484.
Bombax buonopozensis, Beauv., 500.
buonopozensis, Hiern, 501.
reflexum, Sprague * , 500, 540.
Bonatea Kayseri, Ho/fe, 222.
Boottia scabra, Benth., 56.
Bor, Sudd near, 54.
Boraginacez from Rhodesia, 455 ; from
Uganda, 187, 527.
Borassus flabellifer, Linn., 53, 58.
- var. æthiopica, Warb., 58,
537, 543, 544; characteristic of
East African region, 117.
Boscia salicifolia, Oliver, 122.
Botanic regions of Uganda, 117.
Brachycorythis pubescens, Harv., 221.
Brachylæna huillensis, O, Hoffm., 448.
rhodesiana, S. Moore, 448, 492.
rotundata, 5. Moore, 448.
Brachystegia appendiculata,
440 ; in flower, 485.
sp., 492.
Bracken, see Pteris aquilina,
Bracteatæ (Rosa), 71, 73.
Brassia Willdenovii, Boiss., 121.
Brayera anthelmintica, Kunth., 538.
Brevispiez, series or group of Carex,
Benth.,
, 4.
Bridelia Balansm, Tutcher * , 66.
micrantha, baill., 211.
tomentosa, Blume, 66.
Britain, Œcology in, 335.
British India, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Brongniartella byssvides, Bory, host of
Streblonema, 295, 296,
Prown pigment in exposed leaves, 388.
Bryum albicans, Brid., 264.
sp. ?, 264.
Waklenburgit, Schwaegr., 254.
Buchanan, John, African coll., 298.
Buchnera pulchra, Skan * , 100.
Duddu, its vegetation, 588.
INDEX.
Bugogwa, 529.
Bulbine asphodeloides, Schult. f., 225.
Bulbs of Scilla, 382.
Buphane disticha, Herb., 473, 490.
Burkea africana, Hook., 411; in flower, |
485.
Durseracez from Rhodesia, 435 ; from |
Uganda, 131.
Busiro, its vegetation, 533.
Butomace:z, axillary scales, 229 ; Buch- |
enau on, 230.
Butomus umbellatus, Linn., axillary
scales, 229, 232.
Butyrospermum Parkii, Kotschy, 542,
544.
Buvima, plants from, 116, 117.
Buyaga, its vegetation, 540.
Byrsoewpus coccineus,
Thonn., var. B, 437.
— var. parviflorus,
486.
parvifolius, Planch., 437.
Schum. d
Gibbs * ,
Cadaba farinosa. Forsk., 122.
Cajanus indicus, Spreng. in Acholi,
543.
Callitris, Vent., distinct from Wid-
dringtonia, 267 ; species referred
to Widdrinztonia, 268.
arborea, Schrad., 269, 273.
Commersonii, Dur. & Schinz, 274.
cupressoides, Schrad., 270, 274.
Juniperoides, Dur. & Schinz, 274.
robusta, 22, Br., 332,
Sehwarzii, Marloth, 269, 274.
Calluna and Eriophorum, antagonistic,
308.
Calluna Erica, DC,
Vaccinium, 387, 596; covers large
areas, 390; in Armitage Wood, 347 ;
companion of
in Birks Wood, 343; its limit, 365; |
mentioned, 341; on Coal-Measure
area, 362; on Heather zone, 359;
on Millstone-Grit, 355.
Calostephaue divaricata, Benth., 322.
Camellia assimilis, Champ., mentioned,
Banksiana, Lindl., 63.
Crapnelliana, Zwtcher * , 63.
reticulata, Lindl., 63.
Cameroons, Zenker’s coll. from, 299.
Campanulacee from Rhodesia, 451; |
from Uganda, 175.
Canarium Schweinfurthii, Eng., 131;
mentioned, 534.
Canavalia ensiformis, DC., 57.
Canellacez from Uganda, 498.
Canine (Rose), 71, 76.
Canscora Kirkii, N. E. Br., 455, 487.
Canthium abbreviatum,
308, 417 ; flowering, 490.
S. Moore*, |
Canthium golungense, Hiern, var,
parviflora, S. Moore * , 161.
hispidum, Benth., 161.
lactescens, Hiern, var. grandifolia,
S. Moore * , 161.
lanciflorum, Hiern, 308.
loandense, S. Moor: * , 307.
opimum, S. Moore * , 308.
Schimperianum, Æ. Rich., 161.
Cape Characex (Groves), 285-287.
Capparidacezg from Rhodesia, 429;
from Uganda, 121.
Capparis Afzelii, Paz, distrib , 118.
var. buvumensis, Laker f.*,
123.
erythrocarpos, Zsert, 122.
micrantha, Rich. 57.
Rothii, Oliver, 57, 122.
spinosa, Linn., 122.
tomentosa, Lam., 59, 122,
mentioned, 486, 536.
Carandas edulis, Hiern, 180.
Carapa grandiflora, Sprague*, 507
536.
Cardiospermum
436.
grandiflorum, Sw., var. elegans
Hiern, 135.
Carduus leptacanthus, Fres.,
nyassana, S, Moore * , 326.
var, Steudneri, Engl., 326.
Carex, Dill., species in Malaya (Clarke),
1-10.
alta, Bootf, 6.
arridens, Hook. f., 13.
baccans, Nees, 14.
var. B. siccifructus,
Clarke, 114.
Balansai, Franch., 16.
baviensis, Franch., 16.
bengalensis, Roxb., 9.
var, B. virgata, Boeck., 10.
var, y. scaherrima, Boeck., 10.
bengalensis, Thwaites, 8.
benghalensis, Boott, 9;
views of, 2.
borneensis, C. B. Clarke * , 14.
brevieulmis, A. Br., 16.
Brizopyrum, Kunze, 6.
Bruceana, Boott, 9.
Bruceana, Boott MS, *, 11.
brunnea, Thunb., 5.
cespitosa, R. Br., 6.
canaliculata, Boott MS. * , 9.
capillacea, Boote, 7.
capitellata, Boiss., 7.
capitulata, Boott: MS. * , 12.
cernua, Boott, 6.
composita, Boott, 14.
condensata, Boott, 10.
condensata, Franch., 9.
29;
Corindum, Linn,
var.
C. B.
Boott's
550 INDEX.
Carex confertiflora, Boott, 15. | Carex madoerensis, C. B. Clarke * , 14.
continua, C. B. Clarke, 11. | malaccensis, C. B. Clarke, 9.
contracta, F. Muell., 6. | Maximowiczii, Miq., 7.
cruciata, Thwaites, 11. i Milnei, Boott MS., 8.
cruciata, Wahlenb., 9. Moritzti, Steud., 8.
var. 6. argocarpus, C. B. nana, Boott, mentioned, 7.
Clarke, 9. | neo-guinensis, C. B. Clarke * , 12.
eryptostachys, Brongn., 8. | nubigena, D. Don, 5.
Cumingiana, Steud., 12. var. f. fallax, C. B. Clarke * ,
Cumingii, Vidal, 11. | 5.
curvirostris, Kunze, 14. olivacea, Boot, 15.
decore affinis, Boott, 13. outukensis, Franch. § Sav., men-
Dietrichiæ, Boeck., 8. tioned, 7.
dimorpholepis, Steud., 7. oxyphylla, Franch., 15.
discoidea, Boott, 16. | peduncularis, Wall., 14.
dispar, Boott MS., 8. perakensis, C. B. Clarke, 9.
Jallax, Steud., 5. phacodes, Spreng., 6; note on, 7
J'ascicularis, Boott, 16. phacota, Franch., 6.
Jibrata, Vidal, 11. | picta, Boott, 7.
filicina, Nees, 11. | platycarpa, Steud., 6.
Jilicina, Stapf, 12. | pruinosa, Boott, 7.
Jissilis, Boott MS. * , 8. | var. B. picta, Boott, 7.
Jissilis, Benth., 11. | Pseudocyperus, Linn., 16.
J'uirenoides, Boott, 8. | varr, Haenkeana& platygluma,
fuirenoides, Gaudich., 11. | mentioned, 16.
fusiformis, Stapf, 14. pterolepta, Franch., 5.
|
Gaudichaudiana, Kunth, 6. | puberula, Boott, 16.
gembolensis, C. B. Clarke*,10. | Rafflesiana, Z/oott, 10.
var, timorensis, C, B. Clarke*, | var, tenuior, C. B. Clarke *,
10. 10.
glaucescens, Boott, 7. | Rafflesiana, Boott MS.*, 10.
glaucescens, Elliott, with bifid and | rara, Boott, 7.
trifid style, 3. | recurvirostris, Steud., 14.
Graefleana, Boeck., 5. remota, Lian., 6.
yrammocarpa, Spreng., 14. var. B. Rochebruni, C. B.
Havilandi, C. B. Clarke * , 13. Clarke, 6.
hirta, Boiss., 16. repanda, C. B. Clarke, 9.
Horsfieldii, Boott, 11. var. B. implumis, C. B.
ly psophila, Miq., 13, Clarke * , 9.
hypsophila, Stapf, 13. rhizomatosa, Steud., 12.
indica, Boott, 8. Itoyleana, Nees, 16.
indica, Linn., 8. rubro-brunea, Franch., 7.
forma altera, Hook. f., 9. saturata, C. B. Clarke * , 12.
— var. bengalensis, F. Muell., | scaberrima, C. B. Clarke * , 10.
11. | scaposa, Hook. f., T.
var. læte-brunnea, C. B. | -— var, (d. baviensis, Franch., 8.
Clarke, 8. | simplicissima, F. Muell., 7.
: var. Milnei, C. B. Clarke, 8. spatiosa, Boott, 12.
var. B, Boott, 8. | — — var. bogorensis, C. B. Clarke*,
indica, Miq., 12. | 12.
indica, Munro, 9. | speciosa, Kunth, 14.
instabilis, Boott MS.*, 15. stramentitia, Boeck., 9.
Jackiana, Boott, 15. | stramentitia, Franch., 9.
- var, B. minor, Boott, 15. | sumatrensis, C, B. Clarke * , 13.
Langsdorfii, Boott, 16. | tartarea, Ridl., 13.
lenticularis, D. Don, 6; note on, 7. | Thomsoni, Boott, 5.
leucochlora, Bunge, 16. | Thwaitesii, Boott MS.*, 8.
lobolepis, F. Muell., 6. tonkinensis, Franch., 14.
Loheri, C. B. Clarke * , 14. | tumida, Boott, 16.
longi-aristata, Kurz, 8. | turrita, C. B. Clarke * , 18.
longibracteata, Steud., 15. | vacua, Boeck., 9.
INDEX.
Carex vacua, Boott, 10.
valida, Nees, 9.
vesiculosa, Boott MS.*, 10.
virgata, Miq,, 10.
vulgaris, var. Gaudichaudiana,
Boott, 6.
Wallichiana, Nees, 16.
Caricandra, subgen. of Carex, 2, 4;
species in, 7.
Caricimia, subgen., 3; species in, 7.
Carissa edulis, Vah, 535.
Carpels of French bean, 17.
Carpolobia, G. Don, 85.
Afzeliana, Oliver, 86.
alba, D. Don, 86; in Uganda, 124. —
lutea, D. Don, 86.
macrostachya, Chod., 85, 86.
Zenkeri, Gürke * , 86.
Caryophyllacex from Uganda, 124.
Castanopsis Eyrei, Tufcher * , 68.
Cassia didymobotrya, Fres., 148.
Falcinella, Oliver, 148.
goratensis, Fres., 542.
granitica, Baker f., 440.
Granti, Oliver, 148.
mimosoides, Linn., 148, 440.
Sieberiana, DC., 541, 544.
Cassipourea cæsia, Stapf * , 97.
parvifolia, Stapf * , 97.
Celastrinez from Rhodesia, 436; from
Uganda, 134.
Celsia brevipedicellata, Eng/., 189.
Celtis integrifolia, Lam., 58.
Soyauxii, Engil., 541.
Centaurea rhizocephala, Oliver §- Hiern,
326.
Cephalotaxus drupacea, Sich, § Zucc.,412.
Fortunei, Hook., 413.
——- var. concolor, Franch., 413.
Griffithii, Hook, f., 414.
Mannii, Hook, f., 413.
Oliveri, Mast., 413.
pedunculata, Sieb. $ Zucc., 414.
Ceramium, Lyngb., 291, 293, 294.
Cerastium africanum, Oliver, 124.
Ceratophyllum sp., 53, 56.
Ceratotheca triloba, Æ. Mey., 458;
mentioned, 490.
Cernuze, series of Carex, 3.
Ceropegia debilis, N. E. Br., 186.
tenuissima, S. Moore * , 185.
Chetacanthus Persoonii, Nees, 194;
distrib., 119.
Chailletiaceze from Uganda, 133.
Chamecyparis, see Cupressus.
Champia parvula, Harv., host of a
Streblonema, 297.
Chara aspera, Willd., 286.
capensis, Kuetz., 287.
fragilis, Desv., from the Cape, 285.
286.
c
Ci
I
Chara Kraussii, Kuetz., 286, 287.
pheochiton, A. Br., 287.
stachymorpha, Ganter., 286, 287.
—— var. stachymorpha, A. Br.,
287.
tanyglochis, Groves fratt. * , 286.
vulgaris, Linn., from the Cape,
285, 286.
Characez from the Cape (Groves), 285-
287; from Rhodesia, 483.
Chasalia macrodiseus, K. Schum., 164.
Cheilanthes farinosa, Kau/f., 480, 488.
hirta, Sw., 480.
multifida, Sw., 480.
China, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Conifers of (Masters), 410—424.
new species of plants from
(Tutcher), 58-10.
Chinese Conifers (Masters), 410—424.
Chisocheton hongkongensis, Tetcher * ,
M
patens, Blume, 64.
Chlorophora excelsa, Benth, §& Hook. f.s
534, 541.
Chlorophycese, endophytic, 288.
Chomelia «ffiiis, K. Schum., 158.
flavo-fusea, K. Schum., 302.
Chongwe, native name of Victoria Falls,
40.
Chrysophyllum albidum, Œ. Don, 537.
Stuhlmanni, Engi., 178.
Chylocladia, Grev., 294.
Cineraria alchemilloides, DC., 323.
Cinnamomeæ (Rose), 71, 73.
Cissampelos Pareira, Linn., 429.
var. mucronata, Engl. ?, 429.
mucronata, A. Rich., 429.
Cissus adenoraulis, Steud., 135.
arguta, Hook, f., 135.
quadrangularis, Linn., 135.
Cladanthæ, §, S. Moore * , 307.
Cladonia squamosa, Hoffm., 266.
Claoxylon africanum, Muell, Arg., 213;
distrib., 118.
Clarke, C. B., determ. Scirpi of Gough
Island, 244.
Clausena anisata, Hook. f., 131.
var. multijuga, Welw., 131;
distrib., 118.
Cleidion javanicum, Blume, from Hong-
kong, 67.
Cleistanthus angolensis, Mwell. Arg.
113.
liberica, N. E. Br. *, 113.
Clematis orientalis, Lina., 119.
var, y. Thunbergii, O. Kuntze,
1138.
var. e. Wightiana, O. Kuntze,
119.
9
pa
[219 Peay
Clematis Stuhlmanni, Hieron., 119.
Cleome hirta, Oliver, 121.
monophylla, Linn., 121.
— — sp., 53, 58.
Olerodendron capitatum,
Thonn., 198. |
cordifolium, A. Rich., 541. |
myricoides, 2. Br., 464, 491. |
|
|
|
Schum. &
neriifolium, Vahl, 53, 58.
Preussii, 6 ürke, 198.
rotundifolium, Oliver, 198,
8p., 09, 58.
yaundense, Gürke,
tioned, 53. 58.
Clitandra eymulosa, Benth., 180; in
Uganda, 113.
Cloudberry, 858.
Cluytia abyssinica, Jaub. d Spach,
919
Coal- Measure Area, its vegetation, 355,
302, 595. |
—— — special plants in, 336, |
Coffea divaricata, K. Sedi, 108.
ligustrifolia, Séapf*, LOY,
melanocarpa, Hiern, 108.
nudiflora, Stapf * , 108.
rupestris, Hiern, 109.
scandens, K. Schum., 109.
Cola cordifolia, 2, Br., 536, 537.
Coleus umbrosus, Vatke, 200.
Colocasia antiquorum, Schott, 538.
Colpoon compressum, Berg, 468.
Combretacee from Rhodesia,
from Uganda, 152, 516.
Combretum, Linn., in fruit, 485. |
aculeatum, Vent., mentioned, 57. |
buyumense, Baker f. * , 152. |
longispicatum, Fugl, 444. |
Oatesit, Rolfe, 443. |
paniculata, Vent., 152. |
quangense, Langl. § Diels, 444. |
rüodesicum, Laker f, 443.
splendens, Engl., 152. |
|
|
|
198 ;
men-
442; |
sp., 97, 443.
taitense, Fagl., 443.
Zeyheri, Sound., 445.
Commelina nudiflora, Linn., 57, 474.
var., 57.
Commelinaceæ from Rhodesia, 474;
from Uganda, 226. |
Coniniphcra, Jacq., 485. |
africana, Fugl., 13.
sp., 435, (pl. 19) 494.
Competitive Association, 847, 307.
Complementary Association, 345, 348, |
2U6.
Composite, African (Moore), 311-329 ; |
from Rhodesia, 447; from Uganda, |
164, 521: in Hongkong, 60. |
Conifers, Chinese (Masters), 410—424 ; |
found in Yorkshire woods, 388, 350.
INDEX.
Connarace from Rhodesia, 437; from
Uganda, 140.
Connarus floribundus,
Thonn., 93, 94.
liberieus, Stapf * , 93.
Reynoldsii. Stapf* , 94.
Conostomium, Stapf*, sect. nov. gen.
Oldeulandis, 517.
Convolvulacez from Rhodesia, 455;
from Uganda, 189,
Copaifera coleosperma, Benth., 441;
in fruit, 485.
Mopane, J. Kirk, 441.
Corchorus hirsutus, Linn., 438.
mucilagineus, Gibbs * , 433,
serrzefolius, Burch., 433.
Cordia abyssinica, R. Br., 57, 527, 536,
541.
fragrantissima, Kurz, 952,
Holstii, Giirke, 527.
sp., 455.
subopposita, DC., 57.
unyorensis, Stapf * ,
tioned, 541,
Coreopsis arenicolor, S. Moore * , 170.
Cornus Volkensii, Harms, 538.
Cotton-culture near Hongkong, 62.
Cotton-Grass zone, 357.
Cotula coronopifolia, Linn., 241 (mispr.
coronifolia).
goughensis, Rud. Br.*,
(pl. 9) 250: endemic, 241.
integrifolia, Hook. f., 243.
Moseleyi, Hemsl., 243.
Cow-Parsnip, see Heracleum.
Crassocephalum auriforme, S. Moore * ,
lil
diversifolium, Hiern, 171.
—— var. crepidioides, Hiern, the
host of Orobauche minor, Sutt.,
193.
ruwenzoriense, S. Moore, 171, 172;
mentioned, 118,
Crassula sp., 491.
Crassulace from Uganda, 151.
Crategus, buried wood found, 358.
Crateva Adansonii, DC., 542,
religiosa, Forst., 53, 54, 57.
Craterispermum — brachynematum,
Hiern, 162; in Uganda, 118,
laurinum, Benth., 300.
Schweinfurthii, Hiern, 162,
Craterostigma plantagineum, Hochst.,
190.
Creeping Soft Grass, see Holeus mollis.
Crepis bumbensis, Hiern, 328.
Crinum Thruppii, Baker, 22:
Schum. §
527;
; men-
242 ;
223.
Crossandra guineensis, Nees, 105.
Crossop'eryx Kosenyana, Fenzl, 542,
Crotalaria adenocarpoides, Taub., 140,
argyrolobioides, Baker, 140.
INDEX.
Crotalaria cephalotes, Steud., 141. |
distans, Benih.. 438.
flavicarinata, Baker f. * , 487, 486.
imperialis, Taub., 140.
lanceolata, E. Mey., 141.
sp., 141.
Croton barotsensis, Gibbs * , 469, 486.
dispar, N. E. Br. * , 113.
gratissimus, Burch., 460; men-
tioned, 425, 427 ; the host of a
Loranthus, 468.
macrostachys, A, /ich., 118, 211,
470.
zambesicus, Muell. Arg., 537.
Crotogyne caterviflora, N. E. Br.*,
114
Mannianz, Muell. Arg., 114.
Cruciatz group of Carex, 4.
Cruciferze from Uganda, 121.
Cryptocarya grandifolia, Engl., 11 1.
Cryptogams of Gough Island, 245-249,
263-267.
Cryptomeria, D. Don, 331.
japonica, D. Don, 413.
Cucurbitacese from Rhodesia,
from Uganda, 156.
Culeasia liberica, N. E. Br. * , 115.
scandens, Zeauv., 115.
Canninghamia, F. Br., 331.
sinensis, Z2. Br., 415.
Cupressus, Linn., species referred to
Widdringtonia, 268.
africana, Mill., 268, 272.
formosensis, Matsum., 412.
funebris, Endl., 412.
Juniperoides, Linn., 268, 272.
sempervirens, Linn., 412.
Currents, electrical, in plants (Waller),
32-50.
Cussonia nata'ensis, Sond., 446.
sp., at Buyaga. 540.
Cyathea Dregei, Kunze, 480; men-
tioned, 538.
446 ;
Cyathula globulifera, Moq.- Tand., 202.
Cyclostemon major, Pax, 211.
ugandensis, Wendie * , 211.
Cyenium adoense, E. Mey., 191.
Cynanchum abyssinicum, Decne., 185.
Cynoglossum lanceolatum, Forsk., 189.
micranthum, Desf., 187.
Cynometra Alexandri, C. H. Wright,
540, 541 ; a gregarious tree, 537.
sp., 534.
Cyperacee from Rhodesia, 477; in
Hongkong, 60.
Cyperus articulatus, Linn., 57.
denudatus, Linn. f., 477. |
dichrostachys, Hochst., 5T.
Haspan, Linn., var. B. americana, |
Boeck., 477; mentioned, 487, |
488. |
553
Cyperus latifolius, Poir., 57.
nudicaulis, Poir., 57.
Papyrus, Linn., in Sudd, 52, 54, 56.
Schimperianus, Schrad., 52, 57.
Cyrtandra benguetiana, Kränel. * , 281.
bicolor, Jack, 279.
chrysea, C. B. Clarke, 277, 281.
cretacea, Krünzl.* , 219.
gracilenta, Krdazl.*, 278; men-
tioned, 275.
hypochrysea, Krdnzl, * , 276.
ilicifolia, Kréinzi. * , 282.
macrodiscus, Krénzl.* , 279.
micrantha, Kránzl. * , 280.
navicellata, Zipp., 278, 279.
oblongifolia, Benth. § Hook. f.,
276.
parviflora, C. B. Clarke, 275 (mispr.
parvifolia), 281, 282.
radiciflora, C. B. Clarke, 278.
reticosa, C. B. Clarke, 277.
rhizantha, Kránzl.*, 277 ;
tioned, 275.
tubiflora, Krdnzl. * , 276.
Cyrtandraceze from Malaya, 275-285.
men-
Dacrydium Bececarii, Parl., 415.
Dactylopetalum ugandense, Stapf, 515;
mentioned, 537.
Mannii, Hook. f., 515.
parvifolium, S. Elliot, 97.
Deemia extensa, 72. Br., 185.
Dalbergia Ecastaphyllum. Tawh., 95.
Jorma trifoliolata, Stapf * ,
94.
Heudelotii, Stapf * , 95.
melanoxylon, Guill. f& Perr., 544.
Monetaria, Heudel., 95.
saxatilis, Hook. f., 147.
ugandensis, Baker f. * , 147.
Darbishire, O. V., Lichens of Gough
Island, 266-269.
Darjeeling, new species of Populus
from (Haines), 407-409.
Date Palms in East African region,
117.
Dawea ugadensis, Sprague, 499.
Dead Nettle, see Lamium,
Deciduous wood plants, 336,
Deinbollia fulvo-tomeniella, Baker f. * ,
197.
insignis, Hook. f., 91, 02, 138.
poly pus, S/apf * , 91, 92.
Delesseria, Lamour., host of endo-
phytic alga, 200, 293.
Delmé-Radeliffe, Lt.-Col.,
lected by, 116.
Denekia espensis, Thunb., 449, 460,
487, 489.
Derbesia Lamourouxii, host of Endo-
derma, 289, 290, 291.
plants col-
554
Deschampsia flexuosa, Trin.. covering
large tracts, 350; distrib, 343;
figures explained, 406; in Heather
zone, 959; map, 342; mentioned,
333, 334, 341, 347, 397; on Coal-
Measure area, 362; on Millstone-
Grit, 355; persistence, 365; structure,
383-385.
Desmodium Scalpe, DC., 144.
Diacanthz (Rose), 71.
Dichapetalum acutifolia, Engl., 133.
buvumense, Baker f. * , 133.
Dichrostachys nutans, Benth., 149, 535.
Dicliptera Melleri, Ro/fe, 462, 490.
Diclis petiolaris, Benth., 456.
Dicoma plantaginifolia, O. Hoffm., 827.
radiata, Less., 327-829.
superba, S. Moore * , 826.
var. angustifolia, S. Moore * ,
326.
Welwitschii, O. Hoffm., 326.
Dicotyledones Gamopetalie of Uganda,
157-201.
——- Polypetale of Uganda (Baker),
119-157.
Dieranella sp. ?, 264.
Dietyandra arborescens, Welw., 158.
|
I
Diego Alvarez, or Gough Island(Brown),
238-250, 263-267.
Dilleniacez from Uganda, 120.
Dimorphism in Æschynanthus, 275,
Dinklage, his collections mentioned,
80.
Diodia angolensis, S. Moore * , 310.
breviseta, Benth., 310.
sarmentosa, Sw., 310.
stipulosa, S. Moore * , 310.
Dicecism in ZEschynanthus, 275.
Dioscorea fulvida, Stapf * , 530.
Quartiniana, A. Rich., 224.
Schimperiana, Hochst., 530.
Dioscoriacez froin Uganda, 224, 530.
Diphaca trichocarpa, Taub., 143.
Diplorrhynchus mossambicensis, Bent,
453; in flower, 484.
Disa erubescens, Pendle, 222 ;
222; distrib.,
ochrostachya, Reichb. f. 222; in
Uganda, 118.
var. major, Rendle * , 222,
Stairsil, Kráuz£., 223.
stolonisera, Renale * , 222.
Discopodium penninervium, Hochst.,
188.
Disperis nemorosa, Rendle, 538.
Disperma dentata, C. B. Clarke, 461.
trichocalyx, Lindau, 194.
viscidissimum, S, Moore * , 460.
Dissotis Irvingiana, Hook. f., 153.
minor, Gig, 153.
paucistellata, Stapf * , 99.
INDEX.
Dissotis petiolata, Hook. f., 99.
Distribution of plants, Watsor's ideas,
385 ; of Rosa (Baker), 79.
Dod, Major, cf. Wolley-Dod.
Dodonæa viscosa, Jacq., 138.
Dog's Mereury, see Mercurialis perennis.
Dolichandrone platycalyx, Baker, 537,
540.
Dombeya auriculata, K. Schum., 501.
Bagshawei, Baker f. * , 127.
Dawei, Sprague * , 501; mentioned,
294.
densiflora, Planch., mentioned, 482,
Mastersii, Hook. f., 126.
Mukole, Sprague *, 502; men-
tioned, 585.
multiflora, Planch., war. vestita,
542.
pedunculata, K. Schum., 127.
reticulata, Mast.. 127.
rotundifolia, Harv., 432;
tioned, 425.
runsorensis, K. Schum, 538.
umbraculifera, K. Schum., 502.
Dopatrium Dortinanna, S. Moore * ,
189.
senegalense, Benth., 189.
stachytarphetoides, Engl. §& Gilg,
89.
Dracena bicolor, Hook., 115.
prolata, C. W. Wright * , 115,
reflexa, Lam., 538.
Steudneri, Engl., 225.
Drymaria cordata, Willd., 194.
Duckweed, blaze-current, 39.
Dunnia, Tuteher * , 69.
sinensis, Z'utcher * , 70.
Duranta Plumieri, Jacq., 463.
Duvera, 922,
Dyschoriste Perrottetii, O. Kuntze, 460;
mentioned, 427, 488.
men-
Ebenacez from Rhodesia, 453; from
Uganda, 525.
Echangarabom, 224.
Echinops amplexicaulis, Oliver, 174,
brevisetus, S. Moore * , 174.
cham:ecephalus, Hochst., 175.
giganteus, A. Rich., 175.
longifolius, 4. Kich., 544,
Ecologie nomenclature, 865.
Ee logy, see CEcology.
Ectocarpus Zanardinii, Crouan, 296,
207.
Ectochzta, § Endoderma, 289.
Ehretia angolensis, Baker, 187.
hottentotica, Burch., 455.
sylvatica, Giirke, 537.
Ekebergia complanata, Baker f. * , 132.
Petitiana, A. Rich., var. australis,
Baker f. * , 133.
INDEX.
Ekebergia senegalensis, A. Juss., 132.
var. coriacea, C. DC., 132.
Elæis guineensis, Jacq., 540.
Elæodendron æthiopicum, Oliver, 135.
Elatinaceæ from Rhodesia, 430.
Electric currents in plants (Waller), |
32-50. |
Eleocharis capitata, R. Br., 477, 488. |
Elephantopus Welwitschii, Hiern, 314. |
Elephantorrhiza Burkii, Benth., 491.
Petersiana, Bolle, 441.
rubescens, Gibbs*, 441;
tioned, 428,
Eleusine coracana, Gaertn., in Acholi,
543.
Elliot, G. F. S., African collections,
117, 298.
Elm, dominant, 350; in woods, 337,
338, 342, 347.
Emilia debilis, S. Moore * , 172.
Emmenopterys, Oliver, 69.
Empetrum medium, Carm., 243.
nigrum, Linn., on Moss Moor, 354,
men-
358.
var. rubrum, Hemsl., 240,
243.
rubrum, Vahl, 243.
Endoderma, Lagerh., endophytic, 288.
gracile, De Toni, 293.
Jadinianum, Huber, 292 (mispr.
Jardinianum),
leptoehzete, Huber, 291.
viride, Lagerh., 288, 291, 297.
Jorma Nitophylli, 293.
Endophytie alge (Cotton), 288-297.
Knhydra fluctuans, Lour., 57.
Ennearrhena, $ Afrodaphnes, Stap/* ,
111.
Entada abyssinica, Steud., 149.
Zute erungu, 131.
Entocladia, $ Endoderma, 289.
Entocladia viride, Reinke, 289.
Wittrockii, Wille, 289.
Entonema intestinum, Reinsch, 295.
Environment as affecting structure,
3606.
Epaltes gariepina, Sfcetz, 449; men-
tioned, 490.
Ephedranthe §, S. Moore * , 307.
Epilobium hirsutuin, Linn., 154.
Epipactis africana, Rendle, 538. |
Erianthus junceus, Stapf, 478.
teretifolius, Stapf*, 478; men-
tioned, 428. j
Erica arborea, Linn., 538, 539.
cinerea, Linn., on shaly slopes, |
362. |
Tetralix, Linn., 362.
Ericaceæ from Uganda, 176.
Ericaceous plants, on the west of the
Millstone-Grit area, 354.
555
Erieinella Mannii, Hook, f., 588.
Eriocaulacez from Rhodesia, 474.
Eriocaulon amphibium, Rendle * , 475.
lacteum, Rend/e, 475, 476.
matopense, Rendle *, 475; men-
tioned, 489.
subulatum, VN. E. Br., 474; men-
tioned, 487.
Eriocælum pendulum, Stapf * , 91.
racemosum, Baker, 91.
Eriophorum and Calluna antagonistic,
358.
Eriophorum angustifolium, Koč, on
Moss Moor, 354, 358.
vaginatum, Linn., dominating. 358,
895; on Moss Moor, 354, 357;
displacing Vaccinium, 387.
| Eriosema glomeratum, Hook. f., 146.
montanum, Buker f., 146.
Erlangea Bagshawei, S. Moore * , 146.
centauroides, S. Moore, 311.
Schimperi, S. Moore, 165.
Schinzii, O Hoffm., 447; men-
tioned, 427, 486.
ugandensis, S. Moore * , 165.
Erythrina Bagshawei, Baker f.*,
145.
Brucei, Schweinf., 145.
latissima, Æ. Mey., 439; mentioned,
425.
tomentosa, R. Br., 145; mentioned,
535. 541.
Erythrococea aculeata, Benth., var.
acutissiina, N. E. Br. * , 114.
bongensis, Par, 212.
Paxiü, Rendle*, 212, (pl.
227.
3)
— Evythrodanum alsineforme, Thou., 242,
Erythrophleum guineense, G. Don,
541.
Kthulia conyzoides, Linn., 57.
Euclea devinorum, Hiern, 453.
Kellau, Hochst., 525.
latidens, Stapf * , 525.
multiflora, Hiern, 453.
Eugenia bukobensis, Engl., 153.
callophylloides, DC., 98.
cordata, M. A. Laws., 153; domi-
nant in Rain Forest, 484; forma:
tion, 487, (pl. 17) 494.
guineensis, Baill., 153; dominant
about Victoria Falls, 484; forma-
tion, 485.
owariensis, Beauv., 584.
sp., 153.
Whytei, Stapf * , 98.
Eulophia dichroma, Rolfe, 215; in
Uganda, 118.
missionis, Rendle, 215; distrib.,
119.
subulata, Rendle, 215,
556
Euphorbia angularis, K/ofzsch, 491,
(pl. 19) 494. |
antiquorum, Linn., 535, 536.
benguellensis, Par, 468; men-
tioned, 427, 490,
Candelabrum, Trém., 53, 58.
cuneata, Vahl, 468.
Gürichiana, Pax, 468.
matabelensis, Pax, 468; mentioned,
428. |
Marlothii, Pax, 210.
Monteiri, Hook. f., 210.
Mulemæ, Rendle * , 209.
Reinhardtii, Folkens, 485, 491.
Euphorbiaceæ from Rhodesia, 468;
from Uganda, 209,
Europe, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Eurya japonica, Thunb., evil scent of
its flowers, 61.
Macartneyi, Champ., mentioned, |
‘Ol.
Euvignea, subgen., 3; species in, 6, |
Evolvulus alsinoides, Linn., 189.
Eyles, F., his African coll., 209.
Factors of Huddersfield vegetation
summarised, 395-398.
Fadogia stenophylla, Welw., 309.
Fagus sylvatica, Linn., dominant, 350;
in woods, 337.
Faurea saligna, Harv., 466, 492, (pl. 18)
494, 536.
Felicia barbellata, S. Moore * , 814.
Ferns, blaze-currents in, 38, 39; in
Gough Island, 240; in Hongkong, |
60.
Festuca ovina, Linn., 359, 383.
Ficvideæ from Rhodesia, 446;
Uganda, 156.
Ficus altissima, Blume, 67. |
capræfolia, Del., 58. |
cyathistipula, Warb., 213. |
exasperata, Vahl, 213.
|
|
|
from
infe toria, Zeoxb., 67.
lutea, Vahi, 471; mentioned, 492.
Sonderi, Mig., 470.
sp., 486, (pls. 17, 20) 494.
Sycomorus, Linn., 54, 58, 541;
bees hived in, 542. |
Figures to T. W. Woodhead's paper,
404-406. |
Filicinæ group of Carex, 4. |
Fir-wood found in peat, 358. |
Flabelluria paniculata, Cav., var. mollis,
Engi V2, |
Flacourtiacege from Uganda, 500. |
Flahault on ecology, 336, |
|
Floscopa glomerata, Hassk., 474, 486, |
458. |
Fluggea microcarpa, Blume, 58. |
INDEX,
Forest region of Uganda, 117.
Forests formerly extensive in York.
shire, 858; formerly on Huddersfield
moors, 351.
Formosa, Taiwania from, 380,
French beans, carpels of, 17.
Fronds of Pteris, 869-371,
Fuirena glomerata, Boj., 478.
Œdipus, C. B. Clarke*, 478,
487.
pubescens, Kunth, 478.
stricta, Sleud., 477.
subdigitata, C. B. Clarke * , 477.
umbellata, Z!of/h., 478,
Fumaria officinalis, Linn., 121.
Fumariaces from Uganda, 121.
Fungi, blaze-currents in, 38; from
Rhodesia, 483.
Funtumia elastica, Stapf, 541.
latifolia, Stapf, 541.
Gabunia glandulosa, Stapf, 526,
odoratissima, Stapf*, 526; men-
tioned, 536,
Galanthus, Linn., absciss layer of, 382.
Galium saxatile, Linn., in Birks Wood,
2343.
stenophyllum, Baker, 164.
Gallicana (Ros), 71-76.
Galvanometer — applied
(Waller), 32.
Gamble, J. S., note on wood of Man-
sonia Gagei, 262.
io plants
| Gamopetalie from Uganda, 157-201,
Garcinia epunctata, Stapf * , 86, 87.
Livistoni, T. Anders., 430; men-
tioned, 486.
punctata, Oliver, 86, 87.
physophylla, De Wild., 158, 159.
Thunbergia, Lian. f., 158, 535.
urcelliformis, Hiern, 158.
viscidissima, S. Moore, 158.
Gastroclonium kaliforme, Ardiss., host
of Streblonema, 291.
Gazania Krebsiana, Less., var, hispidula,
Harv., 451.
Geigeria Burkei, Harv.. 822.
Geniosporuin paludosum, Baker, 199.
Genlisea africana, Oliver, 458, 489.
Gentianez from Rhodesia, 455; from
Uganda, 187.
Geology, map of Huddersfield district,
2364; — alluded to, 365.
Geophila Atzelii, Hiern, 309,
Geraniace from Rhodesia, 434; from
Uganda, 129,
Geranium, Tourn., blaze-currents
petiole, 40, 41, 50.
Robertianum, Linn, sap, 390.
simense, Hochst., 129.
in
INDEX. 557
Gerbera piloselloides, Cass., 451; mev- |
tioned, 489.
Gingko biloba, Linn., 414.
Gironniera nitida, Benth., distrib, 62.
Gladiolus Melleri, Baker, 472, 489.
primulinus, Baker, 472.
Quartinianus, A. Rich., 223.
Gleditschia africana, Benth., 440; in
flower, 485 ; mentioned, 427.
CG ossostemon, Desf., 258.
Glyphea grewioides, Hook. f., 128.
Gly ptostrobus heterophyllus, Endl., 413.
Gnaphalium luteo-album, Linn., 449.
pyramidale, Thou, on Gough
Island, 240.
Gnidia lamprantha, Gilg, 536.
Gumphia amplectens, Stapf* , 87.
congesta, Oliver, 88.
Manni, Oliver, 87.
subcordata, Stapf* , 88.
Gough Island Botany (Brown), 238-
250, 963-2067.
Gramineæ from Rhodesia, 478; from
Uganda, 531,
Grammitis australis, R. Br., 248.
Grant, Col. J. A., his coll. mentioned,
117.
Grewia bicolor, Juss., 128.
flava, A. DC., forma, 432.
mollis, Juss., 128.
populifolia, Vahl, 544.
similis, K. Sehum., 128.
ugandensis, Sprague * , 503.
Grumilea catetensis, Hiern, 161.
Guttiferæ from Rhodesia, 430.
Gymnogramme cordata, Schlecht., 482.
elliptica, Baker, var. furcans, Tut-
cher * , 69.
Gymnosperms from Unganda, 226.
Gymnosporia fasciculata, Loes., 134.
gracilipes, Loes., var. arguta, Loes.,
538.
senegalensis, Loes., 134.
var. inermis, forma coriacea,
Loes., 154.
var. inermis, forma macro-
carpa, Loes., 134.
var. spinosa, Engl., 134.
Gynura sarcobasis, DC., 323.
scandens, O. Hoffm., 172.
vitellina, Benth., var. angustifolia,
S. Moore * , 328.
Habenaria epipactidea, Reichb. f., 221.
foliosa, Reichb. f., 221 ; in Uganda,
118.
var. epipactidea, Rendle, 221.
Hochstetterianz, Krünzi., 221.
ndiana, Rendle, 221.
Soyauxii, Krünzl, 221; distrib,
118,
Hemanthus cyrtanthiflorus, C. H.
Wright, 529; mentioned, 538.
Lindeni, N. E. Br., 224; mentioned,
118.
longitubus, C. H. Wright * , 114.
wultiflorus, Martyn, 53, 58, 114,
115.
Radeliffei, Rendle * , 223; expl. of
pl. 4, 227 ; mentioned, 118.
Hiemodoracexw from Uganda, 529.
Hair Grass. see Deschampsia.
Hairs on leaf of Vacciniuin, 390.
Halophila ovata, Gaudich., axillary
scales, 220. 232.
Hamamelidem from Rhodesia, 443.
Mansemaunia, K. Schum., polycar-
pellary, 20.
Haronga paniculata, Lodd., 125.
llarrisonia abyssinica, Oliver, 57. 131.
Marts-tongue Fern, blaze-currents in,
38, 39.
Hasskarlia didymostemon, Baill., 212.
Hausemannia, see Hansemannia,
Hawthorn, found buried, 358.
" Heather, see Calluna.
Heather Zone, 359, 360.
Hebenstreitia Holubii, Rolfe, 462;
mentioned, 486.
Heinsia lindenioides, S. Moore * , 301.
Helichrysum achyroclinoides, S. Moore,
315.
argyrosphærum, DC., 315, 490.
bullulatum, S. Moore * , 319.
chrysophorum, 5. Moore * , 318.
cymosum, Less, var. compactum,
Vatke, 169.
declinat um, 8. Moore, 315.
dilucidum, S. Moore * , 318; men-
tioned, 298.
ericiefoliuin, Less., 419 ; mentioned,
427, 490.
galbanum, S. Moore * , 169.
geminatum, Klatt, 316.
gerberifolium, Sch. Bip., 316.
globosum, Sch. Bip., 170.
Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 315.
Henderson, S. Moore * , 316.
hypoleucum, Harv., 319.
leiopodum, DC., 169.
leptolepis, DC., 449, 490.
Mechowianum, K/a/t, 315.
nanum, Baker, 317,
odoratissimum, Less., 318.
Petersii, Oliver & Hiern, 315.
rutilans, D. Don, 170, 317 (erro-
neously ascribed to “ Less.” ard
“DC.”).
sordidum, S. Moore * , 315.
syncephalum, Baker, 320.
trilineatum, DC., 317, 319.
verbaseifolium, S. Moore * , 317.
558
Helinus mystacinus, Æ. Mey., 135.
Hemigraphis prunelloides, S. Moore * ,
459 ; mentioned, 486-488.
tenera, C. B. Clarke, 460.
INDEX,
| Huddersfield District, its vegetation,
Hemiscaposx, gruup of Carex (Clarke), |
2, 4.
Henderson, Miss M. S., African coll., |
298.
Heracleum Sphondylium, Linn., figures
explained, 406 ; mentioned, 333, 334,
307 ; structure, 301—392.
Hermannia brachypetala, Harv., 432;
mentioned. 490.
depressa, N. X. Br., 490.
viscosa, Hiern, 482; mentioned,
490.
Herminiera Elaphroxylon, Guill. d
Pers., 52, 56.
Hesperantha matopensis, Gibbs * , 411.
Tysoni, Baker, 472.
Heteracanthze (Rosi), 71.
Heteroblastzm, Krdnzl.*, a new sub-
section, 278,
Heteromorpha arborescens, Cham. d
Schlecht., 156, 541.
Hewittia bicolor, Wight § Arn., 189.
Hexalobus senegalensis, 4. DC., 428;
in Madi, 544 ; mentioned, 492.
Hexarrhena, $Afrodaphnes, Séapf*,
111.
Hibiscus, Linn., 256.
sethiopicus, Linn., 126.
diversifolius, Jacq., 53, 56, 126.
gossypinus, Thunb., 126.
lunarnfolia, Willd., 8T.
micranthus, Linn., forma,
431.
Whytei, Stapf * , 87.
Hilleria elastica, Vel., 202.
Hinds, R. B., on distribution, 335.
Hippocratea obtusifolia, /tord., 436;
mentioned, 486.
Hissing-tree, 442.
Hochmoor = Moss Moor, 307.
Hug-weed, see Heracleum.
Holcus mollis, Linn., competing with
Bracken, 344; distrib., 343; figures
explained, 404—406 ; map, 342 ; men-
tioned, 833, 834, 347, 348, 396, 397 ;
on Coal-Measure area, 355, 362, 388 ;
structure, 386-357.
Holly, see Ilex.
Holly-leaf, blaze-currents in, 47, 48.
196,
Holm, T., views on Carex affinities, |
2.
Homalium molle, Stapf * , 100,
stipulaceum, Mast., 100.
stipulaceum, Welw., 100.
Homocanthz (Rosa), 71.
Hongkong, new plants from (Tutcher),
58-70.
350; ecology of (Woodhead), 333-
405.
Hutelandia, Nees, 110,
Hugonia platysepala, Welw., 129; dis-
trib., 118.
Hutchins, E., specimens of Widdring-
tonia, 274.
Hydrilla vertieillata, Royle, 471, 486.
Hydrocera triflora, Wight & Arn., 27,
31, 32.
Hydrocharidaces, axillary scales, 229 ;
from Rhodesia, 471; from Uganda,
215.
Hydrocharis Morsus-rane, Linn., axil-
lary scales, 229, 230, 233, fig. 297.
Hydrocleis, see Hydrocleys.
Hydrocleys Humboldtii, Endi., 232.
nymphoides, Buchen., axillary
scales, 229, 232,
Hydrocotyle capitata, Thou., 241.
leucocephala, Cham. & Schlecht.,
241.
natans, Cyr., 53, 56.
Hygrophila cataractæ, S. Moore * , 459,
Teuczii, Lindau, 459.
uliginosa, S. Moore, 459.
Hymenocardia acida, Tul., 540.
Hymenochete rubiginosa, Ser., 483.
Hymenodictyon Kurria, Hochst., 157.
scabrum, Stapf * , 519.
sp., Oliver, 519.
Hymenophy!lum ciliatum, Sw., 539.
Meyeri, Presi, 539.
Hypericineæ from Rhodesia, 430 ; from
Uganda, 124.
Hypericum Lalandi, Choisy, 124, 430,
480.
lanceolatum, Lam., 588.
peplidifolium, A. Rich., 124.
Hyphæne, Gaertn., characteristic of
East African region, 117.
sp., 486.
thebaica, Mart., 53,
southern limit, 544.
Hypnum rhaphidorhynchum, C. Muell.,
265.
Hypochæris glabra, Linn., 241, 243.
Hypoxis villosa, Linn. f., 223, 478,
490.
Hyptis spicigera, Lam., cult. for seeds
as food, 548.
58; its
Ilex Aquifolium, Linn., 361.
Illecebraceæ from Rhodesia, 464; from
Uganda, 201.
Illicium Dunnianum, Z'u£cher * , 62.
micranthum, Dunn, 62.
Illigera peutaphylla, Welw., 152; dis-
trib., 118.
INDEX. 559
Illustrations to T. W. Woodhead's paper, | [Impatiens pretermissa, Hook. f.* , 29
404-406. (in note), 31.
Ilysanthes andongensis, Hiern, 190. puberula, DC., 25, 28, 39, 31.
Impatiens, Kiv., species in India, 22; punctata, Wall., 23, 31.
Wallichian specimens (Hooker), pusilla, Heyueo, 26, 31.
22-32. racemosa, DC., 21, 31.
acuminata, Benth., 27, 30. | racemulosa, Wall., 29, 51.
amena, Wall., 30. | radicans, Benih., 28, 31.
amphorata, Kdgew., 30. | ramasa [Wall.], 25.
arcuata, Benth., 25, 30. reticulata, Wall., 27, 31.
Bagshawei, Baker f. * , 129. | rosea, Lindl., 25, 31.
Balsamina, Linn., 24, 25, 29, 30, | rosmarinifolia, DC., 25,81.
31, 32. | Royleana, 23= Roylei.
var. rosea, Hook. f., 25. | Rovlei, Walp., 23 e »yleana), 31.
bicolor, Foyle, 24, 29, 30. rufescens, Benth., 26, 31.
bicornuta, Wall., 24, 28, 30. scabrida, DC., 28, 39, 31, 32.
bracteata, Caleb., 28, 30. scabriuscula, Meyne, 25, 31.
calycina, Wall., 28, 30. serpiflora, Meyne, 27. 39, 31.
chinensis, Linn., 26, 27, 30, 32. | serrata, Benih., 29, 3L
circeoides, Wall., 29, 30, 21. simplex, Wall. M3. * , 29, 5I.
coceined, Sims, 25, 30. sinensis, Herb. Madr., 25, SL.
cordifolia, Herb. Madr. , 27, 30. suleata, Wall., 28, 30, 31.
cornuta, Linn. " D 30. tavovana, Benth.. 29, $l.
discolor, DC., 30. tenella, Heyne, 26, 31.
diversifolia, T» 26, 27, 30, 31. ternifolia, Herb. Ham., 27, 31.
fasciculata, Herb. Madr., 26, 30. tingens, Edgew., 24, 31.
fasciculata, prox., 27, 30, Tiramira, Herb, Ham., 25, 31.
fimbriata, Coleb., 31. tomentosa, Heyne, 26, 97, 31.
formosissima, Heyne, 27. tomentosa, Wall., 31.
fruticosa, Lesch., 28, 30. trichocephala, Wall. MS, * , 28, 31.
gigantea, Edgew., 24, 30. triflora, Willd., 27, 31.
glandulifera, "Wall, MS. * , 25, 30. | trilobata, Coleh., 23, 31.
grandiflora, Herb. Madr., 28, 30. tripetala, Xorb., 25, 27, 31.
grandis, Heyne, 28, 30. umbellata, Heyne, 27, 31.
Rete rophylla, Wall., 26, 30. umbrosa, Edgew., 24, 29.
hispidula, Benth., 25, 30. urticifolia, Wali., 23, 31.
inconspicun, Benth.. 25, 26, 30, 31. Walliehii, Hook, f., 28, 31.
insignis, DC., 28, 30. Imperata arundinacea, Cyr., 539.
Jurpia, Ham., 28, 30 (mispr. | India, Carex in (Clarke), 2; Roses in
Juspia), 32. l (Baker '), 79.
Kleinii, Wight § Arn., 25, 30. Indici, $ of Carex, 2.
Lacca, Herb. Ham., 25, 30. Indigofera Bagshawei, Baker f. * , 142.
lavigata, Wall., 27, 30. crypt antha, Benth, 438; wen-
latifolia, Linn., 25, „20. tioned, 427.
latifolia, Wight, 2 drepanocarpa, Taub., 142.
leptoceras, DC., o2, 29, 30, 31. emarginella, Steud., 142.
Leschenaultii, DC., 25, 31. heterocarpa, Welw , 142.
longicornu, Wall., 24, 39, 31. hirsuta, Lian., var. polystachya,
longifolia, Benth., 25, 31. Welw., 143.
lucida, Heyne, 51. macrophylla, Schum. d Thonn.,
malabarica, Herb. Madr., 27, 31. 142.
maysorensis, Rossl., 26. orthocarpa, Baker, 57.
mollis, Wall., 28, 31. sp., 142.
multiflora, Benth., 25, 31. Injury-currents in peas, 46.
mysorensis, Polk, 26, 31. Inula glomerata, Oliver d: Hiern, 321.
mysurensis, Wight, 26. Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 321.
natans, Willd., 27, 31. Hendersonix, S. Moore * , 320,
odorata, D. Don, 24, 31. Klingii, O. Hoffm., 320.
oppositifolia, Lian., 26, 27, 51. subscaposa, S. Moore, 320.
pendula, Heyne, 25, 26, 31. | Todes africana, Welw., 90.
porrecta, Wall., 29, 31. | reticulata, S(apf, 90.
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXVIT. 25s
560
Tpo toxicaria, Pers., 214.
Ipomea involucrata, Beauv., 188.
Lindleyi, Choisy, 52, 56.
obscura, Ker, 456.
palmata, Forsk., 52, 53, 56, 188.
reptans, Poir., 52, 55, 56.
Wrightii, Choisy, 188.
Irideæ from Rhodesia,
Uganda, 223.
Trunga, plants from, 116, 117.
Irvingia sp. in Semliki Valley, 540.
Tsochoriste, Miq., 196.
africana, S. Moore, 195, 196.
javanica, Miq., 195.
Tsoétes, Linn., ligule of, 234, 935.
Isolepis acugnana, Schult., 244.
bicolor, Carm., 944.
Carmichaeli, A. Dietr., 244.
prolifera, Carm., 944.
squarrosa, Carm., 244,
suleata, Carm., 244,
Thouarsii, A. Dietr., 244.
Tvy-petiole, blaze-current of, 40 41.
lxora atrata, Stapf * , 1C8.
congesta, Stapf * . 107,
laxiflora, Sm., 107.
Soyauxii, Hiern, 108.
ternifolia, Hook. f., 162.
from
471;
Jamesoniella colorata, Spruce, 265.
Japan, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Jasminum blandum, S. Moore * , 179.
dichotomum, Vahl, 178.
Emini, Gilg, 179.
mauritianum, Boj., 179, 453, 486.
Radcliffei, S. Moore * , 178.
stenolobum, 7/o/fe, 491.
Jatropha Cureas, Linn., 543.
Kirkii, Baker MS., 548.
Johnston, Sir H. H., plants pres. by,
1
Juncaceæ from Rhodesia, 474.
Juneaginez, axillary scales of, 228,
Juncellus alopecuroides, €. B. Clarke,
58.
Juncus Fontanesii, Lakarpe, 474.
Jungermannia bidentata, Linn., 265.
colorata, Lehm., 965.
Juniperus, Linn., species referred to
Widdringtonia, 268.
capensis, Lam., 269, 273.
chinensis, Linn., 412.
communis, Linn., 412.
var. nana, Loud., 412.
litoralis, Maxim., 412.
recurva, var. squamata,
413.
rigida, Sieb. 4 Zuce., 413.
sphærica, Lindl., 413.
taxifolia, Hook, 4 Arn., 413.
Mast.,
INDEX.
Jussiæa, see Jussiena.
Jussieua diffusa, Forsk., 53, 56, 154.
linifolia, Fahl, 154.
pilosa, H. B. & K., 53, 56.
sp., 486.
Justenia orthopetala, Hiern, 30].
Justicia elegantula, 8, Moore,
401.
—— var. elatior, S. Moore, 462.
yar. repens, 5$. Moore, 462.
flava, Vahl, 196.
leptocarpa, Lindau, 196.
461,
Kaffir boom, 439.
Kaffir orange, 401.
Kafumbo, 134,
Kagei, 126.
Kagena River, plants coll,
Kagenzanda, 155,
Kakansu, 139.
Kakoto, 137,
Kakubanga, 122,
alamet, two species, 950, 252,
Kalanchoe crenata, Haw., 151.
Stuhlmanni, Engl., 151.
sp., 491.
Kansizonsiro, 125.
Kanyeiira, 148.
Kararankuha, 173.
Kashaka Kalibioya, 147.
Katagamiti, 211.
Katarugum, 141.
Kaubwa, 515.
Kayonya, 185.
Kazinga, 126.
Kazuganji, 144.
Keteleeria Davidiana, Beissn., 491.
Evelyniana, Mast., 421.
Fabri, Mast., 421.
sp, Mast., 421.
at, 116.
one
253,
Khaya anthotheca, C. DC., 540, 541,
senegalensis, A. Juss., 544.
Kibombo, 135
Kigelia :thiopica, Deene., 53, 51, 57,
512.
Moosa, Sprague, 538.
pinnata, DC., 486.
Kika jo enjovu, 225,
Kikasakasa, 135.
Kinabalu, Carex on (Clarke), 9.
Kirschleger, F., on biearpellary French
bean, 19.
Kirundo, 214.
Kisikenki, 531.
Kiyengeyenge, 185.
Koki, its vegetation, 535.
Kolobopetalum auriculatum, £g., 82.
ovatum, S/epf * , 82,
Konishi, N., Taiwania coll. by, 330,
331.
Kosteletzkega adoensis, Mast., 126.
Ksamba Ndega, 141.
Kyawondowando, 177.
Kyondo, 151.
Labiate from Rhodesia, from
Uganda, 198.
Lactuca capensis, Thunb., 451.
Schulzeana, Büttn., 328.
Lagerstremia Fordii, Koehne, locality,
60.
Lamium Galeobdolon, Crantz, com-
petes with Scilla, 342; figures ex-
plained, 406; mentioned, 333, 334,
348, 307 ; structure, 393-394.
Landelphia — Petersiama, Dyer,
Schweinfurthiana, Step, 180.
464 ;
|
var. |
Lankesteria brevior,C. B. Clarke * , 110. |
elegans, O. B. Clarke, partim, 110,
elegans, T. Anders., 110.
Lannea fulva, Engi., 140.
rufescens, Engl., flowers described,
140),
Stuhlmanni, Engl.,
Lantana salvifolia, Jeg., 196.
Larix chinensis, Beissn., 424.
davurica, Turcz., 4: 24.
Griffithii, Hook. f. & Thoms., 494.
Potaninii, Batal., 424.
Principis-Ruppreehti, Mayr, 424.
sibirica, Ledeb., 424.
thibetica. Franch., 424.
Lasia heterophylla, Sckoté, distrib., 59.
Lasiosiphon affinis, Kotschy & Peyr.,
140.
204.
Kraussii, Meissn., 466; mentioned,
490.
Lauraces from Uganda, 203; in Kala-
met forests, 253.
Leaf of Deschampsia, 883; Heracleum,
391; Holeus, 383; Holly, blaze-
currents, 47, 48; Lamium, 394;
Scilla, 379-382 ; Vaccinium, 389.
Leaf-stalk of Pteris, 371—376; — Oak
form, 374; — Shade form, 374-315.
Leaves, in sun or shade, 367.
Leea guineensis, G. Don, 136.
Leguminosæ from Rhodesia, 437 ; from
Uganda, 140, 513; number in Hong-
kong, 60.
Leipzig G Garden, types from, 323, 325.
Lemna sp., 57.
Lentibularineæ from Rhodesia, 457.
Leonotis nepetifolia, 7. Br., 201.
Lepidodendron, Brongn., 234.
selaginoides, Sternb., Hovelacque
on, 236.
Lepidostrobus, Brongn., 234; Maslen
on, 286.
Lepistemon africanum, Oirer, 188.
ool
Leptaulus daphnoides, Benik., 134.
Lessertia pauciflora, Harv., 438 ; men-
tioned, 427.
Leucas orbicularis, Gürke, 201.
Leucojum, Linn., absciss layer, 382.
Liberia, new species from (Stapf), 79-
115.
Libocedrus,
412.
macrolepis, Benth., 411.
Liehrechtsia, De Wild., 146.
Lightrootia collomioides,
176,
kagerensis, S. Moore * , 176.
marginata, Æ. DC., V76.
tenuifolia, 4. DC., 452, 490.
Ligule of Selaginella, 228, 234.
Liliaceæ from Rhodesia, 473;
Uganda, 224.
Limacia sagittata, Oliver,
Limneeharis nymphoides,
axillary scales, 220,
Limnophila sessiliflora, Blume, 457.
Linaceæ from Uganda, 129.
Ling, see Calluna Erica.
Linnean Society, species of Zmpatieus
Endl.,
peculiar distrib.,
A. DC,
from
distrib.. 59.
Micheli,
in the Wallichian Herbarium
( Hooker), 22-3
Liparis rehaaoriensis Rolfe, 215;
mentioned, 118.
Liquidambar sp., Griff , 408.
Lissovhilus arenarius, Lindl., 216.
Krebsii, Reichb. f., 216. 471.
Nyasæ, Rolfe, 216; distrib., 119,
mediocris, Rendle, 215.
Wilsoni, Rolfe, 215.
Listera cordata, 2, Br., extinct in Coal-
Measure area, 362.
Listia heterophylla, Æ. Mey., 437.
Listrostachys vesicata, Reickb. f., 220.
Litsea citrata, Blume, time of flowering,
6l.
Lobelia, Linn., tree species, 538.
angolensis, Engi. & Gilg, 452.
decipiens, ‘Sond. 451, 480.
Deckenil, Hemsl., 3: 30,
fervens, Thunb., 175.
fonticola, Engi. & Gilg,
mentioned, 427.
Gibberoa, Hemsl., 176, 536, 538
microdon, 4, DC., 452.
minutidentata, Engl. d$ Gilg, 452;
mentioned, 427, 489.
rhyne hopetalum, Hemsl. a 539
Stuhlmannii, Schwein, 538,
thermalis, Zkunb., 451.
trullifolia, Hemsl., forma, 451.
Loganiaceæ from Rhodesia, 454; from
Uganda, 186.
Lomaria alpina, Spreng., 946, 250.
antarctica, Carm., 246.
282
452
>
562
Lomaria Boryana, Willd., 246 ; Asple-
nium on, 248 ; on Gough Island,
238; stems on beach, 247.
magellanica, Desv., 240.
palineformis, Desv., 246.
robusta, ^ar m., 246,
Longispiere, series of Carex, 3.
Lopnin v alata, Banks, 544.
Lophocolea bidentata, Dwm., 265.
Lopholæna segmentata, &. Moore, 323.
Loranthacem from Rhodesia, 467 ; from
Uganda, 204.
Lorant hus Bagshawei, Rendle *
Buvnmæ, "Rendle * , 207.
Dregei, Mehl. §& Zeyh., Jorma sub-
cuneifolia, Lagt., 467.
Ellersii, Schweinf., 207.
elegantulus, Wagt., 206.
Kraussianus, Meissn.,
tioned, 427.
Molleri, Wagt., 205.
musozensis, Pendle * , 204.
ogowensis, Lagi., 207.
Pittospore, Pendle * , 904.
Sehweinfurthii, Engl.. 467.
senegalensis, De Wild., 206.
usuiensis, Oliver, 201.
zumbesicus, Gibbs * , 467.
Lotononis Leobordea, Benth., 437.
. 206.
467; men-
Lovoa brachysiphon, Sprague *, 508,
509; mentioned, 537.
Brownii, Sprague * , 500.
budongensis, Sprague*, 508;
mentioned, 541.
Klaineana, Pierre * , 509.
trichilioides, Har ms. 508, 510.
Luffa zegyptinen, Mili., 53, 56.
Lumama, 119.
Luwau, 213.
Lycopodiacew from Rhodesia, 482.
Lycopodium, Jinn., 235.
carolinianum, Linn.,
482, 489.
Lythraceæ from Rhodesia, 445; Uganda,
153.
Maba abyssinica, Miern, 537.
Macaranga monandra, Muell. Arg., 213.
Machilus macrophylla, Hemsl., distrib.,
59.
Macrolobium diphyllum, Harms, 96.
obliquum, Stapf * , 96.
Macromitrium antarcticum, C. H.
Wright * , 264; mentioned, 263.
Madagascar, Carex in (Clarke), 2.
Madi, its vegetation, 542.
Maerua angolensis, DC., 122.
nervosa, var. flagellaris, Oliver,
420.
triphylla, 4. Pich., 122.
Misa rufescens, A, DC., 177.
i
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|
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|
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INDEX.
Mæsopsis berchemoides, Engl, 534,
Al.
Mahernia abyssinica, Hochst., 432, 490.
Mahogany bean, 440.
Mairea, Nees, 514.
Maize, cultivated in Acholi, 543.
Mukansi, 132.
Makokwa, 127.
Makwa, 202.
Malachra radiata, Lian., 57.
Malaya, Species of Carex iu (Clarke),
1-16.
Malayan Cyrtandracew, 275-285.
Malpighiaceve from Rhodesia, 434 ; from
Uganda, 129.
Malvacer from Rhodesia, 439; from
Uganda, 125, 500.
Mansonia, J. R. Drum. * , 255, 260.
Gagei, J. I. Dri. * , 200; expl.
pl. 263.
note on wood (Gamble), 262
Mansonieze *, a new tribe of Ster-
culiacer ( Prain), 255, 260.
Marattia, Sw., 236.
Marchantia polymorpha, Linn., 265.
Marchantiacex from Rhodesia, 483.
Marremia angustifolia, Hallier f., 455.
Marsdenia rubicunda, N. Æ. Br., 51.
Marsilea capensis, A. Br., 483.
diffusa, Lepr., 57.
Marsileaceæ from Rhodesia, 483.
Masters, M. T., on polycarpie legu-
minons plants, 19.
Matchko, 148.
Matopo Hills, vegetation, 488.
Mawakota, vegetation, 533.
Mechanical tissues of Pteris, 375-379.
Melanthera Brownei, Rohr, 53, 56.
Melasma sessiliflorum, Miern,
mentioned, 427
Melastomaceæ from Uganda, 153.
Melhania obtusa, N. K. Br., 432.
Meliaceæ from Rhodesia, 435;
Uganda, 132, 537.
Melianthaceæx from Uganda, 512.
Melothria cordifolia, Hook. f., 56.
punetata, f ogn., 156.
Memecylon heterophyll um, Gilg, 153.
polyanthemum, Hook. f., 99.
Simii, Stapf* , 99.
Menispermace:e from Rhodesia, 429;
from Uganda, 121.
Mercurialis perennis, Linn., competes
with Scilla, 342; figures explained,
457 ;
from
406; mentioned, 333, 334, 307; struc-
ture, 394.
Mereury, Dogs’: see Mercurialis per-
eunis.
Merulius ambiguus, Berk., 265.
sp., 206.
Mesesi, 131.
INDEX.
5€3
Mesophytes, map of, 264; — alluded | Mucuna Birdwoodiana, Tudcher * , 65.
to, 556 ; modilied, 366.
Meso-pteridetum, a complementary as-
sociation, 345; term explained, 365.
Mexico, Roses in ( Baker), 79.
Microglossa densiflora, Hook. f., 168.
Micromeria biflora, Benth., 201.
Microphyllæ (Rosæ), 71, 73.
Mikania scandens, Willd., 168.
Milletia ferruginea. Hochst., 57.
Millstone-Grit, plants on, 317; pla-
teau, 354, 895,
Mimosa asperata, Linn., 149.
Mimusops cuneifolia, Baker, 534,
Dawei, Stapf * , 525, 5360.
Elengi, Linn , 523.
frondosa, Hiern, 523.
lacera, Baker, 178.
propinqua, S. Moore * , 177,
toroensis, S/«pf, mentioned, 525.
ugandensis, Sfapf*, 523, 525;
mentioned, 537, 541.
var. heteroloba, Stapf * , 524.
Miquel, his types of Carex, 1.
Mirabilis Jalapa, Linn., 201.
Mitragyne africana, Walp., 57.
Mixed Deciduous Wood-plants, 336.
Mkuna, 442
Modecca Mannii, Mast., 102.
tenuispira, Stapf, 102.
Mohria eaffrorum, Desv.. 482.
Mollugo Spergula, Linn., 57, 156.
Momordica Balsamina, Linn., 446,
486.
Monocotyledons, axillary scales of
aquatic species (Gibson), 228-237 ;
from Uganda ( Rendle), 215-227.
Monrovia, new plants from, 79, 80.
Monsonia biflora, DC., 129.
Burkeana, Planch., 434, 400.
Moorland plants, map of 353.
Moors, formerly forests, 351.
Moosmoor = Moss Moor, 357.
Mopane country, 459.
Moquin-Tandon, C. H. B. A., on bicar-
pellary French Bean, 19, 20.
Morelia senegalensis, 4. Rich., 805,
Moschosma riparium, Hochst., 150, 492 ;
— forma, 464.
Moss Moor, 354, 205.
Motandra altissima, Stapf * , 526.
pyramidalis, Stapf, 527.
Mountain Acacia, 492.
Mowa, 131.
Moywante, 122.
Mpafu, 131.
Mpoko, 134.
Msese, 139.
Mtainagerom, 124,
Miete, 186.
Muhula, 150.
Championi, Benth., its bracts de-
scribed, 65.
macrobotrys, Hance, 65;
rently lost, 60.
macrocarpa, Wall., 65.
stans, Welw., 540.
Mugondo, 159.
Mugusha, 135.
Mujaja, 198.
Mukarata, 178.
Mukde, 127.
Mukdokolo, 224.
Mukamira, 120.
Mukerenge, 139.
Mukoma, 122, 128.
Mukonze, 149.
Mukunya, 178.
Mulema, plants coll. at, 116.
Mulidida, 125.
Mumeya, 150.
Munabiliko, 151.
Munkamba, 119.
Munyahuruk, 134.
Munyakishak, 141.
Munyanohinga, 151.
Munyegenyege, 143.
Muramma, 152.
Murraya, Koen., in Kalamet forests,
253.
Murulosa, 167.
Murungu, 145.
Musa, 149.
Musa Ensete, J. F. Gmel., 528.
fecunda, Stapf * , 528.
Musaceæ from Uganda, 528.
Musanga Smithii, X. Br., 540.
Musinga, 126.
Mussænda arcuata, Poir., 158.
var.parviflora, S.Moore * , 301,
conopharyngiifolia, Stapf * , 104.
luteola, Del., 301.
macrosepala, Stapf * , 105.
tenuiflora, Benth., 104.
tristigmatica, Cummins, 105.
Mussendopsis, Baill., 69.
Mutatsi, 122.
Mutengo, 180.
Mutiaza, 150.
Mutongde, 150.
Muvimnba, 135.
Muwendolisa, 143.
Muyehe, 149.
Muzainanya, 198.
Muzira, 129.
Muzo, 130.
Mwamira, 157.
Mwema, 125,
Mweogola, 122.
Mweya, 124.
Mwezameno, 150.
appa-
564
M ycorhiza on roots of Vaccinium, 351.
Myrianthus arboreus, Beauv., 214.
Myrica Gale, Linn., 252.
Myrionema, Thur., parasitic, 205.
Mvrothamnus flabellifolia, Welw., 445,
491. (pl. 19) 494 ; mentioned, 485.
Myrsine rhododendroides, Gilg, 538.
Myrsinez from Uganda, 177.
Myrstiphyllum cristatum, Hiern, 164.
M yrtacem from Uganda, 153.
Mystacidium ugandense, Rendle * , 220;
mentioned, 118.
xanthopollinium, Wehe.?, 220, 221.
Maindacex from Rhodesia, 474.
Najas, Linn., Rendle on, 237.
Narcissus, Tourn., absciss layer of, 3&2.
Nardus stricta, Linn., 359, 383.
Neilgherries, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Nelsonia campestris, A. Dr., 53.
tomentosa, Willd., 4^8.
Nemesia affinis, Benth., 456.
fætens, Vent., 456.
Neoboutonia canescens, Parv, 536.
Nephrodium albo- punetatum, Dese.,
481.
aquilinum, Hemsl., 248.
molle, R. Br., 488.
unitum, A. Br., 451. 486.
Nephrolepis cordifolia, Pres/, 481, 488.
exaltata, Schott, 482, 488.
Nertera depressa, Gaertn.. 242.
var. obtusa, 2’. Dr. * , 242.
Nossa floribunda, Sond., 445, 457.
Nettle, l'ead : see Lamium.
Neurocarpxa longiflora, S. Moore *
157.
purpurea, Hiern, 157.
Thomsonii, 5. Moore * , 157.
Ngurukizi, 208.
Nakun, 126.
Nicotiana rustica, Linn., 544.
Nigandu, 100,
Nile, Sudd-formation on (Broun), 51-
58.
Nitella Dregeana, Kuetz., 287.
hyalina, Agh., A83; mentioned, 428.
tricuspis, A. Br., 287.
—-— var. grandis, A. Br., 287.
Nitophyllum Bonnemaisoni, Grev., 294.
Gmelini, Grev., 294.
Hilla, Grev., host of Endocerma,
259, 293, 207.
laceratum, Grev., 298, 295.
punctatum, Grev,, 294.
versicolor, Harv., 294.
Nhauga nyonza, 179.
Akarabu, 126.
Akira, 177.
Shite, Ag.
9
INDEX.
Nkoka fibre, 533.
Nkurutetabi, 53.
No, Lake, Sudd near, 51.
Nomenclature, ecologic, 365.
Nostoe commune, Vauch., 484.
Nostocaceze from Rhodesia. 484.
Notholena Buebanani, Baker,
mentioned, 427.
Notonia abyssinica, 4A. Rich., 173.
Welwitsehii, Hiern, 173.
Nsali, 208.
Nialama, 158.
Ntanakorogondo, 124.
Niukuza, 153.
Nic uua, 156.
Namkde, 127.
Nuxia congesta, R. Br., 186.
pubescens, Sond., 454.
viscosa, Gibbs * , 454.
Nyctaginez from Uganda, 201.
Nymphaea Lotus, Linn, 53, 56.
var, sinocensis, Stapf * , 82.
Neo, 130,
Oak, ascends to 1200 ft, 860, #95,
dominant, 538, 347, 350, 861, 395;
found buried, 858,
Oat-cultivation, region of, 355.
Ochna Antunesii, Engl. ¢ Gily, 454;
in flower, 485.
Schweinfurthiana, F. Hoffin., 404 ;
mentioned, 425.
sp., 1931.
Ochnacez from Rhodesia, 4384; from
Uganaa, 131.
Ocimum americanum, Miil., 160,
gracile, Benih., 58.
obovatum, Æ. Mey., 464, 490.
suave, Willd., 198, 199.
Odina edulis, Sond., 4306;
flowering, 490.
fiuticosa, Hochst., 044.
Sebimperi, Hochst.,
tioned, 428.
Odyendyea longipes, Sprague *, 505;
mentioned, 537.
Œcology of Woodland Plants (W ood-
head), 333-406.
Olacineæ from Rhodesia, 435; from
Uganda, 134.
Olax dissitiflora, Oliver, 435;
tioned, 427 ; in flower, 484.
major, Stapf * , 88.
Manni, Oliver, 88, 89.
Oldenlandia, Linn., new section, Cono-
stomium, Stapf, 517.
abyssinica. Oliver, 157.
decumbens, Hiern, mentioned, 57.
dolichantha, Stapf * , 518.
herbacea, Aiowh., 157.
hurried
456; men-
men-
INDEX.
Oldenlandia rotata, Baker, 518.
Schimperi, 7. And., 301.
sp., 57.
stenosiphon, K. Schum. * , 300.
Olea chrysophylla, Lam., 535.
Oleacee from Rhodesia, 453 ;
Uganda, 178.
Oligostachyæ, series of Carex, 4,
Omuaney, H. T., African coll.. 208.
from
Om-Suf= Moiher-of- Wool, in Sudd, 53, |
54.
Oimwah, 134.
Onwanimwant, 158.
Onagrariez of Uganda, 154.
Oncoba brevipes, Stupf * , 8.
glauca, Hook. f. 84.
spinosa, Forsk., 128, 429; in flower, |
484,
Opank, 916.
Opi.ia, Farò., 89.
Afzelii, Kgl, 90,
Oplismenus sp., 480, 478.
Orchidee from Rhodesia, 471; from
Uganda, 215.
Orchids in Hongkong, 60.
Oreodaphne gaboonensis, Meissn., 112.
minutiflora, Meissn., 111.
Orge, 148, 149.
Orient, Roses in (Baker), 79.
Orobanchaces from Uganda, 193.
Orobanche minor, Sutt., 193.
Orthosiphon heterochrous, Brig., 109.
viatorum, S. Moore * , 199.
Osbeckia liberica, Stapf * , 98.
senegambiensis, Guill. 4. Perr., 98.
Osmunda regalis, Linn., 491.
Osteospermum muricatum, E. Mey.,
451.
Ostryocarpus major, Stapf * , 96.
riparius, Hook. f., 96.
Osyris abyəsinicus, Hochst., 209.
Otomeria lanceolata, Hiern, 300.
leptocarpa, S. Moore * , 299.
rupestris, Hiern, 300.
Ottelia Baumii, Giirke, 215.
ulviefolia, Walp., 57.
Oxalis corniculata, Linna var. stricta,
Oliver, 129.
Oxyantbus lepidus, S. Moore * , 160.
litoreus, S. Moore * , 159.
pallidus, Hiern, 107.
tenuis, Stapf * , 107.
unilucularis, Hiern, 160.
Oxygonum cordofanum, Dammer, 202.
Oxymitra Welwitschii, Hiern, 120.
Pachylepis, Brongn., 268.
Commersoni, Brongn., 273.
cupressoides, Brongn., 270, 273.
juniperoides, Brongn., 269, 273.
Pachystela Msola, Engl., 540.
565
Pacouria owariensis, Hiern, 179.
Petersiana, S. Moore * , 179.
var, Schweinfurthiana,
8. Moore * , 179.
Pepalanthus Wahlenbergii, Koern.,
476; mentioned, 428, 489.
Palms characteristic of East African
region, 117.
2undanacez from Uganda, 530.
Pandanus Candelabrum, Beauv., 530.
chiliocarpus, Stap/* , 530.
Panicum bifalcigerum, Stapf * , 531.
faleiferum, Trin., 531.
pyramidale, Lam., 52, 53, 54, 56;
termed “ Om-5u," 53, 56.
Pappea capensis, Eckl. d Zeyh., 138 ;
mentioned, 119, 535.
ug indensis, Baker f. * , 198; men-
tioned, 535.
Papyrus, Willd., 52, 54, 486; cf.
Cyperus Papyrus,
Parasia grandis, Hiern, 187.
Parinarium | euratellefolium, Planch.,
151, 535.
excelsum, Sabine, 536, 537.
Mobola, Oliwer, 442, 492, (pl. 18)
494.
Parkia filicoidea, Welw., 149, 594.
Parmelia cetrata, Ach., 266.
sphærosporella, Muell. Arg., 266.
Parolinia, Endl., 268.
Paropsia, Nor., 101.
Parsnip, Cow : sce Heracleum.
Parviflore, a small group constituted
(Kranzlin), 275.
Passifloracee from Uganda, 155.
Paullinia pinnata, Linn., 136; men-
tioned, 436, 486.
Pavetta assimilis, Sond., 162; distrib.,
119.
Bagshawei, S. Moore * , 163.
Barteri, Dawe * , 521.
disarticulata, Galpin, 521.
grumosa, S. Moore * , 162.
Oliveriana, Hiern, 162.
Phillipsim, S. Moore * , 309.
Pavonia hirsuta, Guill. d Perr., 486.
macrophylla, Æ. Mey., 125.
Peas, blaze-currents in, 36, 37, 41, 43.
Peat, only within tree limits, 351,
Pedalinew from Khodesia, 458; frum
Uganda, 193.
Peddica Fischeri, Engl., 204.
longiflora, &ngl. § Gilg, 304; in
Uganda, 118.
Pegolettia senegalensis, Cass., 321.
Pelargonium, D Hérit., blaze-currents
in (Waller), 40, 41, 50.
Pella geranisefolia, Fée, 480.
hastata, Link, 451.
pectinifurmis, Laker, 481.
566
Peltophorum africanum, Sond., 440 ;
fruit, 485,
Pentacarpæa arenaria, Hiern, 299.
Pentanisia rhodesiana, S. Moore, 3006.
Pentarrhinum — insipidum, EK. Mey.,
185.
Pentas /ongiflora, Oliver, 157.
occidentalis, Benth. § Hook.
re
Lr O.
Thomsonii, 8. Elliot, 157.
Perdicium abyssinicum, Hiern, 175.
Petioles, blaze-currents in, 40, 50.
Peucedanum fraxinifolium, Hiera, 157 ;
mentioned, 425, 446, 485, 542.
Phieophila, Mauck, 292,
Phæophyceæ, endophytic, 288. |
Phanerogams and Ferns of Gough
Island (Brown), 238-250.
Pharnaceum Zeyheri, Sond., 446; men-
tioned, 427, 490. |
P haseolus Mungo, Linna, in Acholi,
543.
Schimperi, Zaub., 146.
vulgaris, Savi, bicarpellary (Drab-
ble), 17-21 ; in Acholi, 548.
Phaylopsis longifolia, Z. Thoms., 461.
Philippia Holstii, ngl., 176.
Stuhlmannii, Engl, 536, 588.
Phænix reclinata, Jacq., 486, 488, 554,
536.
Phragmites communis,
56.
sp. at Victoria Falls,
mentioned, 458.
Phylica arborea, Thou., 241. |
mauritiana, Boj., 241.
nitida, Lam., 240, 241, 249;
Gough Island, 238, 239;
habitat of a fungus, 265.
Phyllanthus floribundus, Muell.
113, 210.
Niruri, Linn., 210, 469, 490.
profusus, N. i Br. * . 113
reticulatus, Poir., 210, 469, 480.
ugandensis, Rendle * , 210.
Physaloides somnifera, Moench, 188.
Physcia stellaris, Nyl., 267.
Phytolacca dodecandra, L Hérit., 202.
Phytolaccaceæ from Uganda, 202.
Picea »janensis, Mast., 418.
Alcockiana, Carr., 418.
asperata, Mast. * , 419.
aurantiaca, Mast. * , 420.
brachytila, Masi., 418.
likiangensis, Mest., 418.
Mastersii, Mayr, 421.
Maximowiezii, Regel, 419. |
Neoveitehii, Mast., 421. |
obovata, Ledeb., 419.
subvar. Loezyi,
var, Schrenkiana,
fs
Trin., 54,
59,
485, 486;
on
the
ATJ.,
Kanitz, 419.
Masi., 419.
INDEX.
Picea purpurea, Mesi. * , 418.
retroflexa, Mas/. * , 420.
Watsoniana, Mast. * , 419, 420.
Wilsoni, Mast., 421.
Pigments due to exposure, 388.
Pine, ascends to 1500 ft., 360;
Millstone-Grit, 395.
Pine: apples, cultivated near Hongkong,
62
Pines and bracken, 339.
Pine-splinters from peat, 359.
Pinnæ of Pteris, 269.
Pinnules of Pteris, 370.
Pinus Armandi, Franch., 415.
Bungeana, Zuce., 415.
densata, Mast. * , 416.
densiflora, Sieh. d Zuce.,
Henryi, Mast., 416.
Khasya, Royle, 415.
koraiensis, Sich, 4^ Zuce.,
luchuensis, Mast., 419.
mandshurica, Rupr., 418,
Massoniana, Lamb., 416;
at Hongkong, 59, 62.
parviflora, Sieb. d Zuce.,
prominens, Mast. * , 417.
scipioniformis, Mast., 415.
sinensis, Lamb., 416.
sylvestris, Linn., 350;
in peat, 358.
Thunbergii, Parl., 417.
yunnanensis, Franch., 415.
Piptadenia africana, Hook. f., 149.
Pistia Stratiotes, Linn., in Sudd,
53, DT.
Pisum sativum, Linn.,
in, 37, 41, 43-47.
Pittosporeæ from Uganda, 123.
Pittosporum abşssinicum, Del, 123;
the host of a Loranthus, 200.
Plagiochasma sp. (2), 485.
Plant associations at Victoria Falls,
484.
Plantago major, Linn., 241, 244.
Plateau region of Uganda, 117.
on
4106.
415.
planted
415.
occurring
52,
blaze-currents
Plectranthus floribundus, N. A. Zr,
464; mentioned, 427.
ugandensis, 5. Moore * , 900.
Plectronia abbreviatu, K, Schum., £08,
447.
Pleiotaxis Antunesii, O. Wi m., 920.
eximia, O. Hoffin., 32x
rugosa, O. Hoffin., m
Plumbaginacez from Rhodesia, 452 ;
from Uganda, 177, 522.
Plumbago Dawei, Rolfe * , 522.
zeylanica, Linn., 177, 452, 522, 523.
Poa annua, Linn., on Gough Island,
245 l
glacialis, Stapf * , 502 ; mentioned,
090.
INDEX,
Poa pseudopratensis, Hook. f., 532.
Podocarpus argotzenia, Hance, 414.
chinensis, Wall., 414.
latifolia, Wall., 414.
macrophylla, Wall., 414.
milanjiana, Kendle, 226;
tioned, 118, 538.
—— yar. arborescens, 534.
Nageia, /?, Br., 415.
neriifolia, D. Don, 414.
sutehuanensis, Franch., 414.
Podostemacem from Rhodesia, 465.
Pogge, his Angola coll., 259,
Pollichia campestris, Ait., 201, 465,
486.
Pollinia villosa, Spreng., 419, 487.
Polygala abyssinica, Fresen., 429; men-
tioned, 428.
Fischeri, Gürke, 124.
Gomesiana, Welw., 193, distrib. 118;
forma ugandensis, Baker f.*,
123.
persicariwfolia, DC., 125.
rigens, A. DC., 480; mentioned,
47.
rigens, Æ. Mey., 490.
Volkensii, Gürke, 123.
Polygalacez from Rhodesia, 429, 465 ;
from Uganda, 123, 202.
Polygonum barbatum, Linn., 202.
herniarioides, Del., 465.
lanigerum, X. Fr., 56.
tomentosum, X. Br., 56.
Polypeta!a from Uganda (Baker), 119-
157.
Polypodiaceæ from Rhodesia, 480.
Poly podium acunhianum, Carm., 248.
aquilinum, Zhou., 248, 250.
australe, Mett., 248.
calyptratum, Thou., 248.
Mathewii, 7utcher * , 68.
oodes, Kunze, 69.
Pennamarina, Poir., 246.
punctatum, Sw., var. rugulosum,
men-
Polysphwria arbuscula, K. Schum.,
306.
pedunculata, K. Schum., 806, 307.
zombensis, S. Moore * , 306, 329;
mentioned, 298.
Polystachez, series of Carex, 4.
Polystachya alpina, Lindl., 218, 219;
mentioned, 118.
aristulifera, Kendle * , 219.
eultrata, Lindl., 216.
fusiformis, Lindl., 220.
imbricata, Jto/fe, 217.
inconspicua, Zendie* , 218; dis-
trib., 118.
Kirkii, Rolfe, 218.
Kraenzlinii, 2//e, 217.
567
Polystachya musozensis, Rendle * , 217.
nigrescens, endle, 216; men-
tioned, 118.
nyanzensis, Kendle * , 217.
Polystictus sanguineus, G. F. W. Mey.
483, .
Polytrichum commune, Linn., 205.
Ponceletia arundinacea, Thou., 245.
Popowia Vogelii, Baiti., 81, 82.
Whytei, Stapf * , 8l.
Populus, Linn., new species (Haines),
407.
ciliata, Hook. f., 407, c. fig.
ciliata, Royle, 407, 409.
ciliata, Wall., 408.
Gamblei, Dode, sp. dub., 407.
Gamblei. Haines * , 407 c. fiz., 409.
glauca, Haines * , c. fig. 407, 408,
409.
Januginosa, Oliver, 408.
microcarpa, Hook. f., 408.
pyriformis, Royle, 407.
rotundifolia, Grif., 408.
Portulacex from Uganda, 124.
Potamogeton, Tourn., 235.
crispus, Linn., axillary scales, 223,
230.
fluitans, Rork, 474.
natans, Linn., 474;
428, 486.
pectinatus, Linn., mentioned, 57.
pertoliatus, Linn., axillary scales,
228, 230, (pl. 6) 237,
pusillus, Linn., 474.
sp., 07.
Pctamogetonaeez, axillary scales of,
9228; from Uganda, 226.
mentioned,
Premna, Linn., in Kalamet forests,
One
253.
maerosiphon, Baker, 197.
melanophylia, S. Moore * , 196.
Pretrea zanguebarica, J. Gay, 458,
490.
Propriz, subgen. of Carex, 15.
Prosopis, Linn., polycarpellary species
of, 20.
oblonga, Benth., 542.
Protea abyssinica, Willd., 466, 492.
madiensis, Oliver, 540, 542.
melliodora, Engl. 4 Gilg, 204.
Proteacem from Rhodesia, 460; from
Uganda, 204.
Pseudarthria Hockeri, Wight 4 Arn.,
144.
Pseuderanthemum
Büttn., 196.
Pseudocedrela, Harms, Clavis, 510.
excelsa, Dawe & Sprague * , 510,
511; mentioned, 536.
Kotsehyl, Merms, 510, S11; men-
tioned, 042, 544.
Ludovicianum,
558
Pseudocedrela utilis, Dawe & Sprague * ,
511,510; mentioned, 538, 541.
Pseudolachnostylis maprouneæfolia,
Pav, 469; mentioned, 428,
sp. aff., 468,
Pseudolarix Fortunei, Mayr, 424.
Pseudospondias microcarpa, Hugl., 139,
534, 536.
Pseudotsuga japonica, Hayata, 424.
Psilosaccæ group of Carex, 4.
Psilotum triquctrum, Sw., 458,
Psophocarpus — longepedunculatus,
Hassk., 01.
Psorospermum febrifuguin, Spach, 125,
Psychotria cristata, Hiern, 164.
cristata, Hiern, 309.
Pteridetuim, fern association, 365.
Pteridium aquilinum, Kuhn, 365.
Pteris aquilina, Linn., 338; ascending
to 1700 ft., 360; competing with
Holcus, 544; covering large
tracts, 350; developed towards
the west of the area, 354; domi-
nant, 359, 2395; figures ex-
plained, 404-406 ; map of dis-
trib., 539; — affected by soils,
363; mentioned, 333, 834, 337,
296-308 ; on Coal-Measure area,
355, 362, 968; structure, 368-
379; with Scilla, 343.
incisa, Thunb., 245.
longifolia, Linn., 491.
pal ia formis, Thou., 246:
quadriaurita, Retz., var. 481, 488,
vespertilionis p, R. Br, 246.
—— 6. Carmichaeliana, Agh., 245.
Pterocarpus angolensis, A. DC., 439,
492; mentioned, 426.
erinaceus, Lam., 439.
Pteroglossaspis Carsoni, Rolfe, var.
major, Rendle * , 216.
ruwenzorlensis, ZJ'o/fe, 216; men-
tioned, 113.
Pterolobium lacerans, X. Br., 148, 440.
Pterygota sp. at Ankole, 536.
Pupalia lappacea, Moq.- Tand., 202.
Pycnanthus Schweinfurthii, Warb., 534.
Pyenospora hedysarioides, W. Br., 144.
Pyenostachys ruwenzoriensis, Baker,
201.
Pycreus Mundtii, Nees, 477, 487.
Quercus attenuata, Skan, mentioned,
60 (mispr. alternata).
Eyrei, Benth., history, 00.
Frei, Champ., 68.
llex, Linn., Cyrtandra resembling,
2S2.
iteaphylla, Hence, 67.
polystachya, Hall., 6 ; distrib., 59.
INDEX.
Quereus Robur, Linn., dominant, 338,
347, 890.
Quick grass ; see Holeus mollis.
Rifts of Sudd-plants, 55,
Rainfall on Moss Moor, ete., 855-350.
Ramalina scopulorum, Ach., 266.
Rand Dr, R. F., African coll., 298.
Randia castaneofulva, 5. Moore * , 304,
dumetorum, Hiern, 520.
dumetorum, Lam., 519.
Lachnosiphonium, Hochst., 520.
maculata, DC., 158.
micrantha, — var.
Schum., 304.
var. Zenkeri, S.
K.
Poggeana,
Moore *
304.
nilotica, Stapf*, 519, 52
tioned, 544.
penduliflora, K. Schum., 305.
physophylia, K. Schum., 158.
Ranunculaceæœ frow Uganda (Baker),
119.
Ranunculus membranaceus, Fres., 119.
pinnatus, Oliver, 119.
Raphia Monbuttorum, Drude, 534,
Rauwolfia vomitoria, 4/2., 180.
Rawsonia ugandensis, Dawe §
Sprague * , 500.
Red pigment in exposed leaves, 388.
Regions of Uganda, 117.
Remotie, series of Carex, 3.
Rendle, A. B. Convolvulaceg
Uganda, 159.
Rhacomitrium flavescens, Card., 261.
Rhamneæ from Uganda, 135,
Rhamphicarpa Heuglinii, Hochst., 191.
montana, N. Æ. Br., 490.
tul ulosa, Benih., 457, 486.
Rhizomes in Sudd, 52, 54,
Pteris, 268, 376-379,
Rhizophoraceæ from Uganda. 515.
Rhodesia, Botany of (Gibbs), 425-
494.
Rhododendron Chaimpionz, Hook, in
New Territory, 61.
Fordii, Hemsl., distrib., 62.
Westlandii, Hemsl., distrib., 62.
Rhodoleia Championi, Mook., distrib.,
59.
Rhus glaucescens, 4. Rich., 139.
insignis, Oliver [non Hook, f.!,
535.
lancea, Linn., 437.
villosa, Linn. f., 487.
var. tomentosa, Oliver, 139,
Rhynchosia eyanosperma, Benth., 146.
resinosa, Hochst., 147, 459.
Rhynchostegitm — rhaphiderbynehum,
Paris, 265.
Inen-
of
50; of
Riecia fluitans, Linn., 485.
Rieciace:e from Rhodesia, 495.
Rice eultivation near Hongkong, 62.
Rieinodendron africanum, Muell. Arg.,
540, 541.
Roots of Scilla, 383.
Rosa abietina, Gren., 77.
abyssinica, R. Br., 12.
acicularis, Lindl., 73.
agrestis, Savi, 15.
alba x, Linn., 7 Ti.
Alberti, Regel, 7
alpina, Linn., Td.
altaica, Willd., 75.
anemoneflora X, Fortune, 72.
anserine folia, Boiss., T4.
arahica, Crép., T5.
arkansana, porter, 76.
arvensis, Huds., 72.
arvensis X canina, T2
arvensis X sempervirens, T2.
arvensis X systyla, T2.
arvina X, Krock., D
asperrima, Godet, 7
Banksia, A. Br., 73.
Banksie X levigata, T3.
Beatricis, Burn, & Gremli,
Beggeriana, Schrenk, Tt.
berberifolia, Pall., 72.
bifera X, Poir., 76.
biturigensis x, Bore: au, 75.
blanda, Ait., 76.
blanda X rugosa, TO.
Bourboniana X. Thory, 16.
bractescens, Wendl., 7
Briggsii, Baker, TS.
Brunonis, Lindl., 73
byzantina X, Dieck, 7
77
californica, Cham. d Se "m , 14.
calocarpa X, André, T4.
canina, Linn., TT.
canina X gallica, TT.
capreolata, Neill, 72.
carelica, Fries, 73.
carolina, Linn., T4.
caryophyllacea, Bess., 78.
caucasica, Pall., 7
centifolia, Linn., T6.
Chavini, Rapin, 77.
cinerascens, Dumort., 78.
cinnamomea, Linn., T3.
cinnamomea x gallica, T3.
clinophylla, Thory, 73.
Collettii, Crép., T3
collina X, Jacq., 77.
coronata X, Crép., 75
coriifolia, Fries, T TT.
damascena X, Mill., T6.
Davidi, Crép., 73.
davurica, Pall., 19.
dichroa X Leresch, 75.
569
Rosa Dicksoni X, Lindl., 77
Diomedis, Gren., 1T.
dumalis, Bechst., 77.
dumetorum, Thuill., 77.
Wee, Altch., 75.
Eglanteria, Linn., 74.
elliptica, Tausch., 78.
elymaitica, Boiss., T+.
Engelmanni, S. Wats.. 73.
Fedschenkoana, Pegel, 14.
Fendleri, Crép., 74.
ferruginea, Vill., 77
ferva, Bieb., T8.
Jloribunda X, Andr., 76.
foliolosa, Nutt., 74.
Fortuneana X, Lindl., 73.
Jraucofurtana X, Muench., 73
Jravinifolia, Borkh., 76
gallica, Linn., TO.
gallica X ar vensis, 76.
gallica X mose hata, 76.
gallıcoides x, Baker, 76.
gallinaria, Burn. & Gremli, 77.
geminata X, Rau, 76.
gentilis X, Sterab., 15.
gigantea, Collett, TT.
glauca, Vik., TT.
glauca X alpina, T1.
glutinosa, Sibth. d Sm., 73.
Gmelini, Bunge, T3.
grandiflora, Lindl., 75.
graveolens, Gren., 78.
gymnocarpa, Nutt., 74.
Hardii x , Cels, 72.
hawreana X, Kinet, T8.
Heckeliana, Tratt., T3.
hemisphærica, Herm., 79.)
hibernica X, Sm., T9.
hispida, Sims, 75.
hudsoniana, Thory y, 74.
humilis, Marsh., 74.
hungarica, Kerner, 78.
hybrida X, Schleich., 76.
incarnata X, Mill., 77.
indica, Lian., partim, 76,
indica, Linn., partim, 73.
indica X alpina, 76.
indica X arvensis, T6.
indica X gallica, TÒ.
indica X moschata, T6.
involucrata, Jtoxh., T3.
involuta X, Sm., T5.
Iwara X, Sieb. & Zuec., 14.
Jemensis, M. Schultz, 78.
Jundzilli, Bess., 73.
kamschatica, Vent., 74.
Klukii, Bess., 78.
lwvigata, Michx., 73.
levigala X bractescens, T9.
levigata X indica, T3.
luncifolia, Small, 14.
Rosa Lawrenceana, Sweet, 76.
laxa, Retz, 14.
laxa, Lindl., 76.
Leschenaultiana, Wight 4 Arn., 72
in India, 79.
longicuspis, Bert., 72.
longifolia, Willd., 76.
Lucie, Franch. & Savat., 72.
lucida, Ehrh., 74.
lucida, Lawr., 19.
lutea, Hort., 73.
lutea, Mill., 74.
lutescens, Pursh, 75.
Lyeltii. Lindl., 73.
macrantha X, Desf., 77.
macrophylla, Lindl., 73.
majalis, Herm., 73.
Malyi, Kerner, 75.
Mareyana x, Boul., 78.
Melsini X, Towndr., 72.
mexicana, S. Wats., 74; in
Mexico, 79.
micrantha, Sm., 78.
miera ithoides, Keller, 78.
microcarpa, Lindl., T3.
microphylla, Lindi., 73.
minutifolia, Engelm., T5.
mollis, Sm., 78.
mollissima, Fries, 78.
montana, Chaix, TT.
Montezume, H. B. & K., T7; in
Mexico, 79.
moschata, Herm., T2; in Abys-
sinia, 79.
moschata x gallica, T2.
multiflora, hund., 72.
multiflora x Banksie, 72.
multiflora x indica, T2.
muscosa, Mill., 76.
myriacantha, DO., 75.
nemorosa, Libert, 73.
nipponensis, Crép., 73.
nitida, Wild., T.
nivea X, Dupori, 72.
nodosa, Fries, 75.
Noisettiana X, Thory, TG.
nutkana, Presl, T4
obtusifolia, Dess., 77.
odoratissima, Sweet, 76.
omissa, Déségl., 78.
oplisthes, Boiss., 75.
orientalis, Dupont, 78.
parviflora, Ehrh., 74, 76.
perviridis X, Gren., 72.
phænicea, Boiss., 72.
phenicea X gallica,
pimpinellifolia, Linn., 75.
pisocarpa, A. Gray (mispr. pisci-
carpa), a
Pissardi, Carr., 72.
platyacantha, Schrenk. 75
72
INDEX.
Rosa Polliniana X, Spreng., 76.
polyantha X, Hort., 72.
pomilera, Herm., 77,
pomifera X cinnamomea,
pomponia, DO., T6.
Pouzini, Tratt., i.
Prattii, Hemsl.,
prostrata, DQ., A
provincialis, Min ^ 76,
pseudo-indica, Lindl., 76,
punicea, Mill., 74
pyrenaica, Gonan, 75.
l'apini, Boiss., 75.
reclinata X, Thory, 76.
recondita, Puget, 7 TT.
repens, Sc op., 72.
reversa X, Waldst. & Kit., 75.
Reuteri, Rapin, 77.
rhetica, Keller, 77.
Robertsoni x, Baker, 75.
rubella X, Bm., T5.
rubiginosa, Linn, T8.
rubiginosa x lutea, T8.
rubra, Hort., T5.
rubrifolia, Vill
ruga x, Lindl,
rugosa, Thunb. T4.
rugosa X indica, T4.
rugosa X multiflora, T4.
rusticana X, Déségl., 72.
sabauda X, Rapin, 75.
Sabini X, Woods, 75.
salevensis X, Rapin, 77.
TT.
o TT.
76
16
sancta, A. Rich., 76; in Abyssinia,
79.
Sazi, Schwein., 76.
scabriuscula, Winch, 78.
Schultzii x, Ripart, 75.
semperflorens, Curt., 76.
sempervirens, Linn., 72.
sepium, Thuill, , T8.
Seraphini, J m 73.
sericea, Lindl., 73.
seligera X gallica, T2
setigera, Michx. 72.
scandens, Mill., 72.
sicula, Tratt. ; TR.
simplicifolia, Salish., 72,
simplicifolia X in volucrata, T2.
sinica, Lindl., 73.
spinosissima, Linn., 75.
spinosissima X alpina, T5.
spinosissima X canina, T5.
spinosissima X glauca, T5.
spinosissima X mollis, TD.
spinosissima X rubiginosa, T5.
spinosissima X tomentosa, T5.
spinulifolia X, Demar., 78.
stellata, Wootton, 75.
stylosa, Desv., 72.
suberistata, Baker. TT.
INDEX.
78.
n»
Rosa subglobosa, Sm
sulphurea, Ait.,
systyla, Past., 72.
tetrapetala, Royle, 73.
tomentella, Leman, 77,
tomentosa, Sm., 78.
tomentosa X alpina, 78.
tomentona X gallica, TS.
trachyphylla, Rau, 78.
turbinata, Ait., 73,
urbica, Leman, 77.
villosa, Linn., partim, 77.
virginea, Ripart, 72.
virginiana, K. Koch, 76.
virginiana, Miil., T4.
Watsoni, Baker, 77.
Watsoniana, Crép. (mispr.
soniniana), 72.
Webbiana, Wall., 13.
Wichuræana, Crép., 72.
Wichureana X rugosa, 72.
Willmottiana, Baker, 76.
Wilsoni x, Borr., 15.
Woodsii, Lindl., 14.
xanthina, Lindl., 75.
Rosaceæ from Rhodesia, 442; from
Uganda, 151, 514.
Roses, revised classification (Baker),
70-79.
Rotala brevistyla, Baker f. * , 153.
cordifolia, Baker, 445.
fontinalis, Hiern, 154.
longistyla, Gibhs * , 445, 487.
Royena pallens, Thunb., 453 ; in flower,
431.
Rubia cordifolia, Linn., 164.
Rubiaces, African (Moore), 299-311;
from Rhodesia, 446; from Uganda,
157, 517.
Rubiginosx (Rosm), 71, 78.
Rubus apetalus, Poir, 151, 514.
Chamæmorus, Linn., in Moss Moor,
358.
Doggettii, C. H. Wright, 558.
hexagynus, Koxb., Chinese locality,
61.
inedulis, Po/fe*, 514; its galled
fruit, 515.
sp., 151.
Ruchiggu hills, plants coll. at, 116, 117.
Rufüa River, plants from, 116.
Rumex abyssinicus, Jacg., 202.
var. angustisectns, Hvg/., 202.
frutescens, Zhou., on Gough Island,
239, 243.
obtusifolius, Linn., 241, 243.
sp. on Gough Island, 240,
Ruppia, Linn, axillary scales, 280,
expl. fig. 237.
Rutaceæ from Rhodesia, 454; from
Uganda, 150, 504.
.9
7
Wat-
c
| Rutidea ferruginea, Hiern, 309.
hirsuta, /7iern, 309.
rufipilis, Hiern, 163.
Ruwenzori vegetation, 538.
Sabicea discolor, Stapf* , 105.
ferruginea, Berth., 106
lasiocalyx, Stapf * , 106.
venosa, Benth., 105.
Sagittaria, Rupp., Note on, 236.
sagittifolia, Linn., axillary scales,
228, 232, expl. fig. 237.
Salicineæ from Rhodesia, 471.
|
|
|
|
|
Salix capensis, Zhunb., 471.
sp., 486.
Samydacexw from Uganda, 154.
Sansevieria Dawei, Stapf * , 529.
guineensis, Willd.. 53, 58, 529.
Santalacez from Rhodesia, 468 ; from
Uganda, 209.
Santalum, Linn., species supposed to
supply Kalamet, 250,
album, Linn., 251.
Sapindacee from Rhodesia, 436; from
Uganda, 136.
Sapium Mannianum, Hiern, 213,
Sapotaceze from Uganda, 177, 523.
Sarcocephalus Russeggeri, Kotschy,
541.
Sarcostemma viminale, X. Br., 185,
454, 496.
Satyrium coriophoroides, 4. Rich
niloticum, Rendle, 222,
Sawer, E. R., African coll., 299.
Saxilragaces from Rhodesia, 442.
Seales, axillary, of aquatic Monocoty-
ledons (Gibson), 228-237.
Schizæaceæ from Rhodesia, 482.
Sehizoglossum eximium, N. E. Br.,
536.
Petherickianum, Oliver, var. cor-
data, S. Moore * , 184.
Schuhertia, Spreng., 268
capensis, Spreng., 269, 273.
Scilla ehlorantha, Baker, 225.
festalis, Salisb., 340 ; bulbs in soil,
343: — elongated, 382; compe-
tition, 342; figures explained,
404-405; in BirksWood, 341, 542;
inap of distrib., 340; mentioned,
333, 334, 348, 349, 396, 397 ; in
Coal-Measure area, 9355, 362;
structure, 879-383.
lancerelolia, Baker, 473, 490.
Scirpus, Tourn., determ. by C. B. Clarke,
241; forming sward, 240.
conspersus, Boeck., 244.
fluitans, Linn., 477.
Moseleyanus, Boeck., 245.
pullescens, Boeck., 244.
9909
T
572
Scirpus paludicola, Kunth, 477, 487, |
488. |
prolifero-ramosus, Boeck., 944. |
squarrosa, Spreng., 244. |
sulcatus, Thou., 244.
var, Mosedeyanus, Hemsl., 244,
245.
supinus, Linn., 477. |
Thouarsianus, Schult., 914.
var, bicolor, Hemsl., 244.
—-— var, pallescens, Hemsl., 244.
Thouarsii, Spreng., 244.
virens, Boeck., 244. |
Sclerocarya Birroea, Hochst., 544. |
'affra, Sond., 436.
Sclerochiton Holstii, C. B. Clarke, 195.
Scotch Fir in pear, 578,
Scrophularines: from Rhodesia, 456;
from Uganda, 189.
Scutia indica, Brongn., var. oblongi-
folia, Engl., 135.
Sea-grape [Ascophyllum?], blaze-eur-
rent, 37.
Sen-plants devoid of blaze-current, 40.
Secamone phyllyreoides, S. Moore * ,
182.
platystigma, K. Schum., 182.
rariflora, S. Moore * , 183.
Stuhlmanni, K. Sehwin., 183,
Whytet, N. E. Br., 183.
Securidaca iongepedunculata, Fres., 124;
mentioned, 426, 535.
var. parviflora, Oliver, 480,
Sedges in Sudd, 53.
Seeds, loss of blaze-currents in, 40.
Selaginex from Rhodesia, 462.
Selaginella, Beauv., 2290; anatomy
(Gibson), 236; ligule, 928, 234.
imbricata, Spring, 483, 485, (p!. 17)
4094.
rupestris, Spring. A82. 401.
Selaginellaceze from Rhodesia, 482.
Semliki Valley, its vegetation, 539.
Senecio abyssinicus, Sch. Bip., 323.
adnivalis, Stapf * , 521; mentioned,
589,
Bagshawei, S, Moore * , 173.
barbertonieus, Klatt, var. micro-
cephala, 5. Moore * , 451.
Baumii, O. Hoffin., 450.
Burtoni, Hook. f., 174.
erubescens, Ail., 450; mentioned,
427, 480.
Johnstoni, Oliver, 521. |
keniensis, Baker f., 521. |
lasiorhizus, DC., 450 ; mentioned,
490.
maranguensis, O. Hoffm., 174.
multicorymbosus, A/a//, 173,
Ommanei, S. Moore * , 324,
Petitianus, A. ich. VTA.
TNDEN.
Senecio rosmarinifolius, Linn, 450;
mentioned, 427.
ruwenzoriensis, S. Moore, 174;
mentioned, 118, 541.
Serra, Sond., 325.
subseandens, Hochst., 174.
svcephyllus, S. Moore * , 324.
tabulicolus, Baker, 173.
tenellulus, S, Moore * , 440; men-
tioned, 484.
Vallis-Gratiz, Dolus, 324.
Sesamum Baumii, S/epf. 458, 486.
calycinum, Welw., 193.
indicum, Linn., in Acholi, 545.
Sesbania aculeata, Poir, 143.
mevptinea, Pers., 54, 57, 143.
Shade-leaves, 367 ; — trees, 3238,
Shamba, Sudd near, 51, 53,
Sida carpinifolia, Linn, £, 125,
longipes, //. Mey., 430, 499,
Sim, D., plants collected by, 80.
Simarubaceæ from Uganda, 131, 505.
Sunplicifoliw (Rosa), 71, 72.
Sinoe River, new plants from, 80.
Siphonanthus capitata, S. Moore *,
198.
myricoides, Hiern, 198.
nuxiotdes, S. Moore * , 197.
rotundifolia, S. Moore * , 108.
Sloanea hongkongensis, Hemsl, its
localitv, 60.
Smilax Kraussiana, Meissn., 224.
Smith, Robert, his application of Fla-
hault's system, 336.
Smithia wschynomenoides, Welw., 144.
Kotschyi, Benih., 144.
Smoke-cloud of Yorkshire detrimental
to tree-growth, 362, 387.
Soft Grass, see Holeus mollis.
Soils affecting distribution, 363; map
of, 540; near Huddersfield, affecting
plants. 334.
Solanaceæ from Uganda, 188.
Solanum hastitolium, Hochst., 188,
vakurense, C. H. Wright, 188.
Somali region of Uganda, 117.
Sonchus Bipontini, Aschers., 56.
var. pinnatifidus, Oliver &
Hiern, 175.
oleraceus, Linn., on Gough Island,
240, 241, 245,
Sopubia conferta, S. Moore * , 191.
karaguensis, Oliver, 101.
ramosa, Hochst., 101.
simplex, Hochst., 457.
ugandensis, S. Moore * , 192.
Soyauxia gabonensis, Oliver, 102.
glabrescens, Hg/., 102.
grandifolia, Stapf * , 102.
Spartina arundinacea, Carm., 245;
Gough Island, 240, 249.
D50.
on
INDEX. 73
Spathodea campanulata, Beauv., 193.
Speke and Grant collections mentioned,
117.
Sphæranthus suaveolens, DC., 168.
Sphærothylax sp., 466, 486.
Sphagnum acutifolium, Hirh., 264.
Sphedamnocarpus galphimiæfolins,
Szyszyl., 434; mentioned, 427.
Sphenogyne brachyloba, Kunze, 325,
329
tenuifolia, DC., 325.
Spilanthes Acmella, Murr., 170.
Spinosissimæ ( Rosze), 71, 74.
Spiropetalum heterophyllum, Gilg, 03.
triplinerve, Stapf * , 93.
Sporangia of Endoderma, 291-2.
Spores of Endoderma, 292.
Sprague, T. A., help acknowledged, 81.
Spruce forests, Vaccinium in, 387.
Stapelia sp., 491.
Stairs, Lieut., his coll. mentioned,
117.
Sterculia, Linn., 250, 258; in fruit,
485.
cinerea, A, Rich., 541.
sp., 126.
Sterculiaceze. from Rhodesia, 432;
Uganda, 126, 504.
Stereospermum Kunthianum,
541.
Stictina fuliginosa, Nyl., 267.
Stigeoclonium, Kuefz., 289.
Stramentitize, a group of Carex, 4.
Stratiotes, Linn., Note on, 236.
Aloides, Linn., axillary scales, 229,
233, expl. fig. 237.
Streblonema, Derb. f° Sol., endophytic, |
288.
intestinum, Holmes § Batters, 295,
290.
parasiticum, De Toni, 296.
Zunardinii, De Toni, 206, 207.
Striga canescens, Engl., 191.
elegans, Benth., 190.
Strombosia sp. in Ankole, 536.
Strophanthus bracteatus, Franch., 180.
hispidus, DC., 180,
Radeliffei, S. Moore * , 180,
Structure as affected by environment,
366.
Strychnos Burtoni, Baker, 541, 542,
sp., 491.
Stuhlmann, Dr., his coll. mentioned,
Li.
Styasasin, S, Moore * , 105.
africana, S. Moore * , 195; expla-
nation of pl. 2, 227.
195.
Sudan, Sudd in, 51.
Sudd formation (Broun), 51-58.
Chain.,
var. parviflora, S. Moore *,
Sugar-bush, local name for Protea,
400.
Sugar cultivation near Hongkong, 62.
Summary of Huddersfield vegetation
factors, 305-398. `
Sun-leaves, 367.
Sutera Burkeana, Hiern, 457.
micrantha, Hiern, 456.
Sycamore, a shade tree, 337, 838, 312,
347 ; dominant, 350.
Symphonia globulifera, Lis». f, 535,
537, 538.
Systyle (Rosæ), 71, 72.
Taiwania, Hayata * , 330, 331.
ervptomerioides, Hayata*, 330,
331, 424.
Tuiwanites, Hayata, 330,
Talinum euneitolium, Willd., 194.
Tamarindus indicus, Linn., 541.
Tarchonanthus | camphoratus,
449; mentioned, 425,
Tardavel andongensis, Hiern, 164.
Tarenna affinis, S. Moore * , 158.
conferta, Hiern, war. macrantha,
K. Schum., 303.
congensis, Hiern, 106.
congensis, Hiern, 302.
flavo-fusea, S. Moore * , 509, 303.
Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 303.
patens, S. Moore * , 302.
Tarrietia, Blume, a possible source of
Kalamet, 252, 255.
Taxus baceata, Linn., 414.
Teak, Rhodesian, 441.
Temperatures, 345-346 ; Millstone-Grit
area, 356; Coal-Measure area, 357;
probable for Moss Moor, 357.
earth, 345-346 ; Millstone-CGrit
area, €56; Coal-Measure area, 357.
Tenaris rostrata, N. Æ. Br., 186.
Tephrosia lupinifolia, DC., 490.
lurida, Sond., 438.
Nyasæ, Baker f. * , 143.
paniculata, Welw., 143.
radicans, Welw., 490.
Vogelii, Hook. f., 143.
Teratologie French beans, 17.
Terminalia brachystemma, Welw., 444.
Dawei, Rolje *, 516; mentioned,
542.
glaucescens, Planch., 517.
macroptera, @uill d Perr, 51G,
517, 542.
sericea, Burch , 491.
silozensis, G@ibbs*, 444, (pl. 20)
494.
Spekei, /offe * , 516, 542.
sp. in. fruit, 485.
torulosa, Engl. & Diels, 516.
velutina, Rolfe * , 517, 540.
Linn.,
574 INDEX.
Tetracera alnifolia, Willd., 120.
lecocarpa, Stapf*, 8l (mispr.
'Tetraceras).
podotricha, Gilg, 120. |
potatoria, 4/2., 8]. |
Tetraclinis §, distinct from Widdring-
tonia, 267.
Tetrapleura nilotica, Schweinf., 542,544.
Teucrium Seorodonia, Linn., in Birks
Wood, 343,
Thalictrum rhynehoearpum, Dillon. &
A, Rich., 119.
Thamnosoma africanum, Engl, var. |
rhodesicum, Baker f., A34. |
Thie sha, 421. |
Thonningia sanguinea, Vahl, 209.
Thuia, Linn., species referred to Wid-
dringtonia, 268. Cf Thuya. |
Thunbergia alata, Boj., 193. |
—— var. vixalata, Burkill, 193.
Thuya aphylla, Burm., 273.
cupressoides, Linn., 270, 272
gigantea, Nuit., 412. |
javanica, Linn., Hort. Oliff., 270.
japonica, Maxim., 412.
orientalis, Linn., 412. |
plicata, Donn, 412. |
sutchuanensis, Franch., 412.
Thymelraceæ from Rhodesia, 466;
from Uganda, 204.
Tilincese from Rhodesia, 432; from
Uganda, 128, 503.
Tiliacora funifera, Oliver, 429, 486.
Timber, found buried, 558.
Tinospora tenera, Miers, 121.
Tissues, electric currents in (Waller),
32-50; in sun or shade, 367.
Toddalia nobilis, Oliver, 130.
Toke Kuru, 158.
Torilis gracilis, Engl., 157.
Toro, its vegetation, 537.
Torreya grandis, Fortune, 414.
nucifera, Sieb, 4 Zuec., 414.
Toungkalamet, 252.
Tragia Volkensii, Pax, 213; distrib.,
118.
Trapa bispinosa, Korb., 53, 56.
Treculia africana, Decne., 214.
Tree-growth hindered by smoke, 362.
Trees, map of, 352; alluded to, 3 5.
Trema affinis, Blume, 214.
Tricalysia buxifolia, Hiern, 161.
Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 805.
griseiflora, K. Schum., 306; men-
tioned, 328.
jasminiflora, Hook. f., 446, 499.
milanjensis, S. Moore*, 328 ;
mentioned, 298.
oligoneura, K. Schum., 805.
Trichilia emetica, Fak} 53, 57, 1
435, 486, 544.
33,
Trichodesma physaloides, Fenzl, 455,
490, 492.
Trichosaceæ, group of Carex, 4.
Trifolium polystachyum, Fres., 14.
subrotundum, Hochst. § Steud.,
141.
Triglochin maritimum, Linn., axillary
scales, 228, 230,
palustre, Linn., axillary scales, 228,
930.
Trimeria macrophylla, Bawer fF. * , 154 ;
explanation of pl. 1, 226.
tropica, Burkill, 155.
Triplochiton, K. Schum., 255-260.
Triplochitonacee, 255, 259.
Tristan da Cunha, its ‘flora compared to
that of Gough Island, 240, 241.
Tristicha alternifolia, Tul, 465, 466,
486,
trifaria, Tul., 465, 486.
Triumfetta annua, Linn., 128.
macrophyila, A. Schum., 503.
pilosa, oth, 128.
rhomboidea, Jacq., 128.
ruwenzoriensis, Sprague * 508,
Welwitschii, Mast., 432, 490.
Tsuga, Carr., 331.
Drunoniara, Carr., 421.
chinensis, Mast., 421.
diversifolia, Mast., 422
Sieboldi, Carr., 421.
yunnanensis, Mast., 421.
Turneraceæw from Rhodesia, 446; from
Uganda, 155.
Turræa nilotica, Kotschy & Peyr., 544.
Randii, Baker f., 485; mentioned,
425, 402.
Vogelii, Hook. f., 182.
Tylophora conspicua, N. Æ. Dr. * , 100,
155.
liberica, N. K. Br. * , 109,
Typha angustifolia. Linn., 53T.
australis, Schum. & Thonn., D2, 54,
56.
Uganda plants, 116- 227, 495-544.
Ukobobo, 185.
Ulmus montana, Stokes, dominant, 250;
in woods, 337, 338, 542, 347.
Unibelliferzie from Rhodesia, 446 ; from
Uganda, 156.
Uncaria hispida [= hirsuta ?, Havil.],
Chinese lacalities, 61.
Undergrowth, map of, 353; alluded to,
365
United States, Roses in (Baker), 79),
Unyoro, its vegetation, 540.
Urera eameroonensis, Wedd., 214.
Urginea sanguinea, Schinz, 473.
Urobotrya, Stapf *. 89; distrib., 8I.
angustifolia, Stapf * , 89.
INDEX.
Urobotrya latifolia, Stapf * , 89. |
minutiflora, Stapf * , 90.
Urticaceæ from Rhodesia, 470; from |
Uganda, 213. |
Usnea barbata, Fries, 266.
sp., on Ruwenzori, 539.
Utricularia exoleta, A. Br.,
489.
firmula, Welw., 457; mentioned,
487, 489.
Gibbsiæ, Stapf, 458.
Kirkii, Stapf, 457, 487.
Oliveri, Kam., 53, 56.
transrugosa, Stapf, 458, 489.
Welwitschii, Oliver, 457, 489.
Uvaria bukobensis, Hngi., 120.
Kirkii, Oliver, 121.
sp., 120.
Welwitschii, Engl. § Diels, 120.
458, 487, -
Vaccinium Myrtillus, Linn., 333; as |
undergrowth, 360, 362 ; covering
large tracts, 350; figures ex-
plained, 406; in Birks Wood, |
243; in Spruce forests, 387, note ; |
limit, 365; mentioned, 333, 334, |
347, 396-398 ; on Coal-Measure |
area, 362; on Millstone-Grit,
335; on Moss Moor, 354, 358,
395; on peat, 359; structure,
387-391.
uliginosum, Linn., var. micro- |
phyllum, 388. |
Vitis-idæa, Linn., on Moss Moor, |
358; mentioned, 388.
Vahlia capensis, Thunb., 442, 490.
Vallisneria spiralis, Linn., 56,486; axil-
lary scales, 229, 234 ; expl. fig. 287.
Vangueria apiculata, K. Schum., 101.
edulis, Vahl, 544.
Randii, S. Moore, 309.
tetraphylla, Schweinf’, 020.
Vegetable tissues and electric currents
(Waller), 32-50.
Vegetation of Buddu, ete., 533;
woodlands in maps, 336.
Veld in Rhodesia, 484.
Vellozia sp., 485, 491.
Verbenacez from Rhodesia, 463; from |
Uganda, 196.
Vernonia amygdalina, Del., 167.
auriculifera, Hiern, 167.
brachycalyx, O. Hoffm., 166.
Calvoana, Hook. f., 166.
Caput-Meduse, 5. Moore * , 166.
chthonocephala, O. Hoffm., 312.
Dekindtii, O. Hoffim., 311.
Elliotii, S. Moore, 166.
of
filipendula, Hiern, 313.
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL, XXXVII.
575
Vernonia gerberiformis, Oliver & Hiern,
12.
glaberrima, Welw., 313.
Gossweileri, S. Moore * , 312.
infundibularis, Oliver 4 Hiern,
54l.
Kraussii, Sch. Bip., 447, 490.
lampropappa, O. Hoffm., 314.
lasiolepis, O. Hoffm., 313.
nandensis, S. Moore, 167.
phyllodes, Hiern, 311.
podocoma, Sch. Bip., 167, 447.
polysphera, Baker, 311.
rotundisquama, S. Moore * , 212.
sculptifolia, Hiern, 311.
senegalensis, Less., 167, 488.
Tenoreana, Oliver, 167.
Thomsoniana, Oliver & Hiern, 167.
violacea, Oliver & Hiern, 311.
Vicia sativa, Linn., var. abyssinica,
Baker, 144.
Vigna tragrans, Baker f. * , 146.
luteola, Benth, var. 3, villosa,
Baker, 439, 486.
nilotiea, Hook. f., 52, 56.
triloba, Walp., 146.
forma, 489.
Vigneandra, subgen. of Carex, 3; species
in, 5.
Vignegyne, subgen. of Carex, 3; species
in, 6.
Villosæ (Rosæ), 71, 77.
Violaceæ from Uganda, 497.
Viscum Bagshawei, Rendle * , 208.
dichotomum, D. Don, 207.
Fischeri, ngl., 208.
Goetzei, Engl., 209.
nyanzense, Rendle * , 208.
Schimperi, Hng/., 209.
tuberculatum, A. Rich., 208.
verrucosum, Harv., 468, (pl. 20)
494.
Vitex Cienkowskii, Ko/sehy d Peyr.,
541
flavescens, Rolfe, in flower, 484;
mentioned, 427.
Hildebrandtii, Vatke, 453.
isotjensis, Gibbs * , 463.
Mechowii, Giirke, 463.
var. parviflora, Gibbs * , 463.
Vitis ibuensis, Baker, 52, 56.
Voacanga obtusa, K. Schum, 180.
Wahlenbergia caledonica, Sond., 459.
Walafrida angolensis, Ro/fe, 462.
chongweensis, Rolfe * , 462, 486.
Wallichian Herbarium, species of Im-
patiens in (Hooker), 22-32.
Waltheria americana, Linn., 128.
Warburgia Stuhlmannii, Eng/.,498, 499.
20
Warburgia ugandensis, Sprague * , 498 ;
anatomy, 499, pl. 21, desc., 544;
mentioned, 537.
Watercress, blaze-currents in, 38.
Water-plants, blaze-currents in, 38.
Watson, H. C., on distribution, 335.
Wavy Hair Grass, see Deschampsia
flexuosa.
Webera albicans, Schimp., 264.
congensis, Stapf * , 106.
gracilis, Stapf * , 106.
Wheat cultivation, region of, 355.
Whitfieldia tanganyikensis, C. B. Clarke,
193.
Whyte, A., his African collections, 79,
298.
Widdringtonia, Fadl., Notes
(Masters), 267-274, 332.
Commersoni, Endi., 271, 273, 274.
cupressoides, Endl., 270; clavis,
272; mentioned, 278, 274.
equisetiformis, Must. *, 271;
clavis, 272; mentioned 274;
subsequently reduced to Callitris
robusta, 332.
glauca, Carr., 213.
juniperoides, Endl., 268 ; men-
on
tioned, 269, 271, 273, 274; clavis,
272.
Mahoni, Mast. * , 271; clavis, 272.
natalensis, Endl., 271, 273, 274.
Schwarzii, Mast. *, 269; clavis,
272.
Wallichii, Endl., 271, 273, 274.
Whytei, Rendle, 270, 211; clavis,
272.
Willugbeya scandens, O. Kuntze, 168.
Wistaria, Rhodesian, 440.
Withania somnifera, Dun., 53, 57,
Wolley-Dod, Major A. H., Cape Chara-
cew coll. by, 285-287.
Woodland plants, their æcology ( Wood-
head), 333-406 ; Vegetation maps,
336, —
Wormskioldia longepedunculata, Mast.,
440.
INDEX.
Wormskioldia pilosa, Schweinf., var. a.
angustifolia, Urban, 155.
Wright, C. H., Gough Island fern
determ. by, 248 ; Mosses and Hepaties
of Gough Island, 263-265.
Wydler, H., on double-fruited beans,
19.
Xanthophyllum, Roxb., 85.
Xerophytes developed towards the west.
of the area, 354, 355; map of, 364 ;
— alluded to, 365 ; modified, 356.
Xero-pteridetum, not complementary,
347 ; term, 365, 396.
AXerotes latifolia, Hassk., 12.
Ximenia americana, Linn., 134.
caffra, Sond., 496 ; in flower,484 ;
mentioned, 485.
Xylopia gethiopica, 4. Rich., 534.
Eminii, Engl., 534.
Xyrides from Rhodesia, 473.
Xyris capensis, Thunb., 474, 489.
multicaulis, N. E. Br., 478, 487.
Yellow Dead Nettle,
Galeobdolon.
see Lamium
Zanthoxylon nitens, Hiern, 130; dis-
trib., 118.
ovalifolium, Wight, 64.
sp. in Ankole, 536.
Zenker, his Cameroons coll., 299.
Zizyphus abyssinica, Hochst., 544.
orthacantha, DC., 544.
Zollinger, his types of
Carex, l.
Zones of Vegetation defined, 354.
Zoospores of Endoderma, 291, 292.
Zornia diphylla, Pers., 144.
Zostera, Linn., 280.
marina, Linn., 229, expl. fig. 237 ;
axillary scales, 228.
nana, Roth, 229; axillary scales,228.
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