A mR: comme reece. Novemser 2, * J * es 24s. THE JOURNAL. OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. BOTANY. VOL, XXXIL @ Mo. Bot. Garden, iso6. LONDON: SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, W., AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO, AND WILLIAMS AND NORGATE. 1896. os ies LINNEAN SOCIETY OF. LONDON. LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND COUNCIL. ee Elected 4th June, 1896. : PRESIDENT. Albert C. L. G. Giinther, M.A., M.D., F B.S. | VICE-PRESIDENTS. Charles Baron Clarke, F.R.S. | Albert D. Michael, F.Z.S., F.R.M.S. — Frank Crisp, LU.B., B.A. | D. A. Scott, Ph.D., F.RS. : TREASURER. Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A. SECRETARIES, B. Daydon Jackson, Esq. | Prof. G. B. Howes, F.Z.S. COUNCIL. W. Carruthers, F.R.S. | Prof. G. B. Howes, F ZS. C. B. Clarke, M.A., F.R.S. | B. Daydon Jackson, Esq. Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A. _ Sir Hugh Low, G.C.M.G. Prot. J. B. Farmer, M.A. ' Albert D. Michael, F.Z.3., F R.M.S. Antony Gepp, M.A. | Dr. St. George Mivart, F.R.S. Prof. J. Reynolds Green, D.Sc., F.R.S.| Osbert Salvin, M.A., F.R.S. A.C. L. Giinther, M.A.,M.D.,F.R.S. | D: 11. Seott, Ph.D., F.RS. A. Smith Woodward, F.G.s. LIBRARIAN AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY. James Edmund Harting, F.ZS. LIBRARY COMMITTEE. This consists of nine Fellows (three of whom retire annually) and of the four officers er officio, in all thirteen members. The former are elected annually by the Council in June, and serve till the succeeding Anniversary. : The Committee meet at 4 P.M., at intervals during the Session. The Members for 1896-97, in addition to the officers, are :— Alfred W. Bennett, M.A., B.Sc. Dr, Dukinfield H. Scott, F.R.S. William Carruthers, F.R.S. Dr, D. Sharp, F.R.S. Prof. J. B. Farmer, M.A. W. Percy Sladen, F.G.S. ; George Murray, F.R.S.E. Rev. T. Stebbing, M,A., F.B.S. “ B. B. Woodward, F.G.S., F.R.M.S. ee eae oe _ JOURNAL OF | THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. BOTANY. VOL. XXXII. LONDON: SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, W., AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO., AND WILLIAMS AND NORGATE. q 1896. Issued complete, 2nd November, 1896. a a i el be ei ie eae a eee at LIST OF PAPERS. Druce, Grorer Cuariper, F.L.S. On a New Species of Grass, Bromus interruptus, in Britain Dyer, W. T. Tuisetton, C.M.G., C.LE., F.R.S., F.LS. (see Wrient, C. H.). Exuiot, G. F. Scort, F.L.S. A Revision of the Genus Pentas .... GREEN, Professor Reynotps, D.Sc. F.R.S., F.LS. (see Sewarp, A. C.). Lows, E. J., F.R.S., F.LS. On Discoveries Resulting from the Division of a Prothallus of a Variety of Scolopendrium vulgare, Sm. (With Process Block.) Mvetter, Dr. Jonany, F.M.L.S. Lichenes Colensoani a Reverendiss. Colenso in Nova Zelandia septentrionali prope Napier lecti, et nuperius missi, in Herbario Reg. Kewensi servati Murray, Geores, F.L.S. (see WEBER VAN Bosse). Ripiry, Mr. Henry Nicuouas, M.A., F.L.S. Cyrtandraceze Malayenses ... The Orchidex and Apostasiacex of the Malay Peninsula Ror, R. ALLEN, A.L.S. A Revision of the Genus Vanilla... Sewarp, Mr. A. C. A New Species of Conifer, Pinites Ruffordi, from the English Wealden Formation. (Communicated by Professor Reynolds Green, D.Sc.,-F.R.S., F.L.S.) (Plates II. and IIT.) vee _ PAGE 426-430 431-438 529-539 197-208 497-528 213-416 439-478 417-425 Stapr, Dr. Orro. On the Structure of the Female Flower and Fruit of Sararanga sinuosa, Hemsl. (Pandanacee), with an Amended Description of the Genus and the Species by W. Botting Hemsley. (Communicated by the President.) (Plates IV.-VIL.).... WEBER VAN Bossk, Mrs. On a New Genus of Siphonean Alge, Pseudocodium. (Communicated by George Murray, F.L.8.) (Plate I.) WILLIAMs, Freperic N., F.L.S. A Revision of the Genus Silene, Linn. Wriaut, CHARLES Henry. On the Genus Stemona, Lour. (Communicated by W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., C.LE., F.R.S., F.LS.) PAGE 479-489 209-212 1-196 490-496 Vv ERRATA. Page 76, line 6 (from bottom), for I nk read I think. 77, ,, 21, for MUNDIANA read MUNDIANA. 120, ,, 8, for koTscHYI read KoTscHYI. 168, ,, 24, for PRINGLE! read PRINGLEI. 214, ,, 3 (from bottom), for clandestium read clandestinum. 215, ,, 9, for Celogyne read Calogyne. 224, ,, 23, for L. nervosa read L. nervosa. 260, ,, 18, for D. brievianum read D. Brienianum. 278, ,, 28, for TRIFOLIUM read TRIFOLIUM. 289, last line, for Dipidium read Dipodium. 322, line 3 (from bottom), for LONGIBRACTATA read LONGI- BRACTEATA. 449, ,, 16, for Phaelnopsis read Phalenopsis. 458, ,. 17, for Ser. ii. read Ser. II. 491, ,, 3, for Miq. read Franch. & Sav. 498, ,, 30, for Didymorcarpus read Didymocarpus. 498, ,, 32, for semitata read semitorta. Vii EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE I. Psrvpocopium DE-VRIESEI, Bosse. II.) To illustrate Mr. Seward’s paper on Pinrres RUFFORDI, III. Seward. IV. V. 1 To illustrate Dr. Otto Stapf’s paper on the female flower of VI. SARARANGA SINUOSA, Hemsl. VII. THE JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. — — ¢—__ ——_ A Revision of the Genn Silene, Linn. By Freveric N. WitViams, F.L.S. [Read 20th June, 18995. } I. Systematic Affinities of Silene with other Genera, p. 1. II. Subdivision of the Genus into Groups, p. 12. III. Plan and Scope of this Revision, p. 19. IV. Classified List of the Species, p. 23. V. Systematic Enumeration of the Species, p. 38. I. Systematic AFFINITIES OF Silene WITH OTHER GENERA. As long ago as the year 1813 the elder De Candolle* recommended to botanists in search of a subject the genus Silene as the subject for a monograph, and in 1824 one appeared in the first volume of De Candolle’s ‘ Prodromus.’+ This, however, was not the work of De Candolle himself, but was undertaken at his suggestion by Adolph Otth, and is an undiscriminating catalogue of the then known forms, rather than a monograph in the proper sense of the word. In this enumera- tion, not only are series of the same species under different names given in different sections of the genus, but the diagnoses are so short and meagre, that they are quite useless for satis- factory determination of the species. Up to the time of the publication of Paul Rohrbach’s monograph in 1868, no botanist since Otth had undertaken a revision of the entire genus, since * Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Monspeliensis, p. 146. + Prodr., i, p. 367. LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. B 2 MR. F. N. WLLLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. the valuable contributions to our knowledge of the genus by Godron,* Willkomm,t and more especially Boissier,t dealt with the species of definite geographical areas; and the pro- visional schemes of classification put forward by each of them, as well as their grouping of species, were based on what appeared to be the primary characters, not of the known species of the whole genus, but of those which were found within a definite area. On account of the great number of: species which were described after the publication of the first volume of the ‘Prodromus,’ the literature of which was scattered in various works in many languages, it became very’ desirable, as Rohrbach says, in spite of the difficulties of the subject, that a revision of the genus in the form of a systematic monograph should be undertaken by a botanist who was willing to devote time and labour to the work, both in examining the material, in overhauling and collating the authorities, and in bringing together and codifying on a uniform plan the scattered descriptions of the species. It is more than a quarter of a century since Paul Rohrbach (whose early death from consumption cut short a promising career and was a great loss to science), at the suggestion of Grisebach and under the direction of Alexander Braun, enriched systematic botany with an elaborate analysis of the genus Silene. It would be beside my purpose to expatiate on the merits of this memoir, and it is with much diffidence that I have essayed to revise it. Since 1868 a large number of new species have been described (especially from Eastern countries), and much material for the elucidation of previously described species has been accumulated and in part examined : the re-adjustment of groups of species has proceeded with the exariination of new material: the affinities of species among themselves, both in their relation to systematic position and to geographical distribution, have been more critically studied : and in a matter subsidiary to these, in the direction of precision and uniformity, conflicting schools of nomenclature have for- mulated and codified their rules, requiring here and there a change of name; so that in a revision of the genus, much has to be 1e-considered. * Obs. crit. sur Vinflor. du genre Silene (1847). + Ic. Descr. Pl. Noy. Crit. Rar, Hispanie, i, p. 73 (1853). t FI. Orientalis, i, py . 567-657 (1867). ee a a eae ee ee Re eee MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON ‘tHE GENUS SILENE., 3 The question as to whether Silenacew and Alsinacesw should be considered as distinct natural orders or as suborders of Caryophyllaceze need not be discussed, as it would be outside the scope of the present memoir. Caruel, in the continuation of Parlatore’s ‘ Flora Italiana,’* substitutes the name Dianthacerwe for Caryophyllaces, which is quite feasible, as being founded on the best known genus of the order, instead of on the somewhat fanciful name of one of the species of that genus, widely known under various forms in cultivation, but not very widely distributed as an indigenous plant. _ The division of the suborder Silene proposed by Alexander Braunt (and generally accepted by botanists), on the presence or absence of commissural nerves in the calyx, I regard as satisfactory and natural; but I would consider this character as a secondary factor in the grouping of genera after the primary division into the tribes of Dianthese and Lychnidee, based on the character of the seeds,—a modification introduced by Boissier in his conspectus of the genera in the ‘ Flora Orientalis,’ and followed by Willkomm in the ‘ Prodromus Flore Hispanice.’ This modification has the further recom- mendation of dispensing with the obscure and uncertain character of the mode of overlapping of petals in prefloration. The mode of overlapping is certainly not constant within the limits of the same genus. As to Brauun’s cardinal character derived from the nervation of the calyx, it does not seem to be absolutely constant. Schott t has shown that in Viscaria alpina (z.e., Lychnis alpina, Linn.) the commissural nerves of the calyx are wanting, and for this reason he proposed the species as the type of an intermediate genus Liponeurwm. The same objection was urged against including Cucubalus Pumilio, Linn., in Silene, but the nervation of the calyx in this species is at best very faint and indistinct, and the rudiments of commissural nerves are clearly evident at the base, more especially on the inner surface in the dried plant. This latter plant, however, shows more affinity with some species of Saponuria than does Viscaria alpina, which differs from typical forms of Viscaria only in this one characteristic. In comparing Viscaria alpina with V. vulgaris (a plant found at low-lying stations), though * Vol. ix, p. 239 (1892). + Flora (1843), i, p. 363. t Analecta Botanica, i, p. 55. 4 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. they are closely allied to one another and ought certainly to be included in the same genus, they are readily distinguishable as species; and it would be an unnatural separation to transfer the former to another group altogether, or to set it up as the type of a new genus. Then, again, we have Braun’s observa- tions from living specimens, in which faint commissural nerves are sometimes to be found, and at other times the nerve loses its commissural character by bifurcating at the base of the calyx into two branches, so that each segment of the calyx appears to have three nerves. Here, then, is a fresh proof, if one were needed, for the maintenance of the position that within the limits of the same group of plants, the classifi- catory value of a character, often of more than generic importance in single genera, at the most made use of for the discrimination of species, can be even altogether worthless, without thereby undervaluing its importance as a character for separating groups of species. Moreover, a similar anomalous exception occurs sometimes in Drypis spinosa. I here propose the names of ‘“ Silenoidesw” and “ Gypso- philoidee” for the two subtribes of Lychnidew. The sub- order ‘‘ Silenoideswe” of Engler and Prantl* is co-extensive and synonymous with the suborder “ Silenines ” in the classification and conspectus of genera as given at the end of this introduc- tion. In this terminology of groups I have followed a general suggestion made by Mr. E. M. Holmes at the International Botanical Congress of Genoa in 1892. I will now discuss the distinguishing characters of the group of genera included in the subtribe Silenoidew. What are they ? As in other groups or divisions, the usual answer to the question is that all species which agree in essential characters should belong to one genus. But what these essential characters or distinguishing marks in any particular group may be, will depend most frequently on the critical judgment of the individual botanist. Niigeli lays it down that for any particular plant that character is to be considered as primary and essential which is shown to be constant. In known relationships, Niageli is right: a constant character is at the same time an essential one; but the question is, whether it is in general essential to the conception of the organism as a plant, or rather as characteristic of the order, the tribe, the * Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Theil iii (1889), 1 b, p. 69. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 9) genus, or the species. Thus the presence of chlorophyll is essential to the structure of the higher plants, but green leaves do not constitute an essential character in the natural order or the genus. There can be, therefore, constant characters, which, in spite of their constancy, are not essential to the appreciation of affinities, or for the grouping of species and of genera, and which in fact need not imply that they are in any way related to one another. Generally we can, as Nageli very rightly remarks, say that there is no character, however important it may seem to be, whether morphological or physiological, which is of necessity of systematic value. In each grade we must rather decide by analogy and by demonstration, what characters in this particular grade of subdivision are of systematic value in their relation to the grouping of genera or of species. Let us then apply the methods of these theoretical “ points d’appui” to the group of genera comprised within the subtribe of Silenoidee (i.e., the tribe Lychnidew of Braun). If we look about, in various series of species which seem to fall into more or less natural groups, for that character in the floral organs which, constant in certain groups of species, can be used for the larger grouping of genera, the one that more especially suggests itself, after examining the points of resemblance in several series of species, is the structure of the fruit. The following points are obvious and worthy of notice :— (1) The nature of the fruit; whether a berry (Cucubalus), or a capsule. (2) The relative position of the carpels to the segments of the floral envelope; whether alternate with the lobes of the calyx (Uebelinia and Agrostemma, in which also the indicated segments of the capsule are isomerous and never oligomerous), or whether they are opposite to them. (3) The manner of dehiscence of the capsule ; whether circum- scissile somewhat in the form of a pyxidium (Drypis), or by teeth as many (Coronaria, Viscaria), or twice as many (Silene, Melandryum), as the styles. (4) The internal structure of the capsule; whether without (Lychnis, Coronaria), or with dissepiments (Eudianthe, Silene). To these may be added that the carpophore is very short in Drypis and UVebelinia, and absent in Agrostemma, and that Uebelinia is further distinguished from the latter in the claws of the petals being without lamellated margins. 6 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENR., The characters which are thus selected for the purpose of grouping allied genera are of primary importance; to these may be added two genera widely diverse from one another, but which are apparently of lower grade in differentiation, and the species of which by some systematic botanists would be very properly distributed among one or more of the other genera. These are—FPetrocoptis and Heliosperma. The first is evidently very near Coronaria; the species of the other combine the unilocular capsule of Melandrywm with the habit of Silene. The salient character of both is found in the morphological character of the seeds, which after all is of specific rather than of generic value. Though the presence of an appendix or ligule at the junction of the claw with the blade of the petal is of subordinate specific importance, we find that the petals are imbricate (in the narrow sense) in prefloration in the case of Petrocoptis, while in Coronaria they are strictly convolute in preefloration. In the delimitation of genera and transference of groups of species which have taken place from time to time in the suborder Sileninez, no genus has probably received such rough handling and mutilation, more particularly at the hands of critical systematists in continental floras, as the genus Lychnis. Even in an attenuated Linnean sense it is not so much as admitted into some of the German floras; while the compilers of various English floras, rather than introduce strange names into their lists of genera, have indefensibly enriched Szlene at its expense. The only absolute difference between Silene and Lychnis, as defined by Linneus, was that the former had three styles, and the latter five; and Agrostemma is only distinguished from Lychnis in having the lamina of the petal undivided. However, as the species of these three genera came to be more carefully studied, it was soon apparent that they should either be fused in one genus and broken up into natural sections, or that new genera should be formed out of them, in which the number of the styles should be considered as a character of very secondary importance, and in which the general structure of the ovary and capsule should determine the grouping of the species. A unilocular capsule, occasionally plurilocular at the base, is characteristic of the natural order Caryophyllacew; and this character has been selected for grouping the species of Silenoides (after eliminating the genus Cucubalus) into two other primary MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE, 7 subdivisions—those in which the capsule is truly unilocular, and those in which the capsule has remains of dissepiments at the base. The latter will include most of the species hitherto included in Silene, and exclude such species as NS. noctiflora and virginica, Linn., for which (with some species of Lychnis) the genus Melandrywm * was founded by Réhling in 1812. The former will include Lychnis, in a very limited sense, and Agrostemma, and also the Linnean genus Coronaria, which was proposed in the first and second editions of ‘ Genera Plantarum,’+ but fused with Agrostemma in Species Plantarum. In following up the secondary subdivisions of these two main groups, we will notice first the affinities of the Lychnis group, and then the affinities of the Silene group. In Agrostemma Githago t the carpids are alternate with the teeth of the calyx, in Lychunis chalcedonica they are opposite to them ; this is a more natural distinguishing character between the two genera than the segmentation of the petal. Moreover, in the former species, there is an indication of segmentation in the emarginate petals. In LZ. chalcedonica again, which may be considered a typical species of the genus, the dehiscent capsule is 5-dentate (isomerous with the styles); in Réhling’s genus Melandryum, which includes LZ. dioica, Linn., and L. diclinis, Lag., as well as those species of Silene in which the capsule is unilocular, the teeth of the dehiscent capsule are twice as many as the styles (dimerous). The genus Heliosperma,§ which branches off, as it were, from Melandryum (both having common characters which separate them from Lychnis proper), was founded by Reichenbach in 1841 on Silene quadrifida, Linn., to include those species of Silene in which the capsule is unilocular and dehisces by twice as many teeth as there are styles, and in which the seeds are crested on the dorsal surface. A. Braun further circumscribed the limits of Lychnis by including in his genus Petrocoptis|| two Pyrenean species, L.nwmmularia, Lapeyr., and Silenopsis Lagasce, Willk., which have imbricated petals, * The name of this genus is frequently spelled Melandrium; but the name is borrowed from Pliny, who spells it as Melandryum in his Natural History. t Ed. 1, p. 135, n. 380; ed. 2, p. 200, n. 450. t Cosson regards this as a quasi-cultivated form, of which the type is the Anatolian 4. gracile, Boiss. There are no other species known. § Reichb., Repert. Herb., p. 206. | Flora (1843), p. 370. 8 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE, and seeds bearded at the hilum. With the view of still further restricting the significance of Lychnis, he also* proposed to revive the Linnean genus Coronaria, which, as far as the European species of Lychnis are concerned, would include L. Coronaria, Lam. (Agrostemma Coronaria, Linn.), L. Cyrilla, Richter, and DL. sibirica. So that this would leave the genus Lychnis represented in Europe solely by L. chalcedonica of Russia. Coronaria glabra, etc., of ‘Hort. Upsal.,’ p. 115, having capsules plurilocular at the base, is to be referred to the Silene group, and is the species on which Reichenbach founded his genus Hudianthe. The genus Coronaria, which it is proposed to revive, is thus. defined by Linnzeus:—“ (Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, claveforme, striatum, erectum, coriaceum, 5-angulare, 5-den- tatum, persistens : angulis minoribus interjectis. Corolla. Petala 5: ungues longit. ealycis, margine aucti: limbus planus, speciosus: bractee cordate: nectarium componitur ex 2 denticulis in singuli petali collo enatis. Stamina. Filamenta 10, longit. tubi corolle, alterna seriora, singulo ungui petalorum singulum insidens; antherz incumbentes. Pistillum. Germen subcylindraceum. Styli 5, distantes, erecti, longit. staminum. Stigmata simplicia. Pericarpium. Capsula cylindracea, unilo- cularis, apice dehiscens. Semina plurima, subrotunda.” This genus has been taken up by Garcke in the successive editions of ‘Deutschlands Flora,’ who uses it in very much the same sense as A. Braun. Engler and Prantlt divide Lychnis into two subgenera, Hu-lychnis and Coronaria. If we consider each of these as a genus, Lychnis in this very limited sense will almost exactly correspond with the Hedone ¢ of Loureiro, who recorded I. coronata under the name of Hedone sinensis. We come now to the Silene group, including the species in which the capsule is plurilocular at the base. The species referable to this group can be divided into two sections :—(1) those in which the capsule dehisces by twice as many teeth as there are styles, and which include Silene, Linn. (sensi limitato), — and some species of Lychnis with plurilocular capsules, for which Reichenbach proposed the genus Eudianthe§; and * Flora (1843), p. 368. t Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Theil i iii (1889), 1b, p- 73. t Fl. Cochinch., p. 351. § Nom., p. 206 (1841). MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 9 (2) those species in which the capsular teeth are isomerous with the styles, and which comprise the genus Viscaria of Rohling. If species which have five styles are excluded from Silene, it would be better perhaps to include Polyschemone nivalis, Schott (Lychnis nivalis, Kit.), in Eudianthe, though Rohrbach in his monograph has preferred to retain this species as well as Agrostemma Ceeli-rosa* in Silene. As long ago as 1825, Robert Sweet, in discussing the affinities of the plant now known as Heliosperma alpestre, remarked that the genus Silene was very much overgrown, and threw out the suggestion that “those (species) with an inflated calyx will probably form another natural genus.” Though the disintegration of such genera as Szlene has not proceeded on the lines indicated by this distin- guished horticulturist, and though superficial and obvious characters such as the structure of the floral envelope have not been considered of generic importance, a study of essential characters in definite groups of species only emphasizes still more what Fries said, that it is a ‘‘ genus vastissimum undique ad reliqua radios emittens.” + Turning to the subtribe of Gypsophilex, we find that in the species of Vaccaria only are there dissepiments at the base of the capsule, and that Acanthophophyllum ¢ (with which should now be united Bunge’s genus Allochrusa) is alone distinguished from the others in having a subindehiscent capsule, and like Drypis opens irregularly by circumscissile rupture. These subsidiary characters only show how genera artificially or arbitrarily delimitated tend to intergrade with, even if they do not sometimes overlap, one another. It would be outside the scope of our subject to discuss the affinities of Saponaria and Gypsophila, though if one were sunk in the other, which would be quite feasible, the necessity for earmarking any characters as differential would be removed. A connecting link between Gypsophila and the Dianthes is Gypsophila ortegioides, Boiss., but what is to become of this species I do not know. It con- "stitutes the section Phryna in Boissier’s grouping of the oriental species; as the Greek name suggests an outcast, it might have to become the type of a new genus. Lastly, in the * Linn., Sp. Plantarum, ed. I, p. 436. t Flora (1843), I, p. 123. t For a recent revision of this genus, see an interesting and valuable memoir by M. Golenkin in Act. Hort. Petropolit., xiii (1898), p. 77. 10 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Dianthex, connecting links between Tunica and Dianthus are Tunica Pamphylica, Boiss. et Bal., in which each segment of the calyx has six or seven nerves (instead of 1-3), and on the other hand Dianthus prolifer and Dianthus leptopetalus. Generally speaking, as may be seen from this review of differential characters, the characters which separate the genera Saponaria, Gypsophila, Tunica, Dianthus, and Velezia are much less dis- tinctive than those which separate other genera in the suborder Sileninew. Some German botanists have proposed to establish intergradient genera (‘“‘ Mittelgattungen ”) for definitely charac- terized species of an evidently intermediate type: but this device would certainly force upon systematists the fact that many genera are unnatural entities. We find it frequently stated that the production of hybrid forms is an important matter, in so far as minute variations in the form of the floral organs determine the position of certain genera. Herbert enunciated the principle that successful crossings can only take place between two individuals of the same natural genus, and that, therefore, species which possess this faculty ought to be included in the same genus. Nageli also seems to join issue on this principle. On the other hand, the exceptions to this rule are not many, and the question whether in these cases the two genera should not be united, presents itself. The capacity for producing hybrids is inherent in the productive elements of the species concerned, a kind of natural affinity which, apparently homogeneous with the similarity in external structure of the reproductive organs, ou which, as explained above, the systematic position of genera is based, need not necessarily be associated with it. This sexual affinity or selective relationship then is peculiar to the species, sometimes only to the individual under favoured conditions. This sexual affinity, moreover, is apparent only in certain species of the same genus, and further in a group of closely allied genera it is found that the species of one may hybridize easily, as in Dianthus, while the species of another hybridize with difficulty, as in this particular genus Silene. So that it may happen, though not necessarily, that sexual affinity and morphological relationship may go hand in hand. Crossing of species then, when successful, produces hybrids. In these the characteristics of the two species are combined sometimes in equal proportions, sometimes with great preponderance of one MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 11 or the other parent; and there is often a difference in the result in reciprocal fertilizations. Moreover, certain hybrids, such as those of Datura, which are fully fertile per se, divide in the offspring, partly in the first generation, and completely in two or three succeeding generations, into the two component species, even when close-fertilized. In discussing the crossing of Melandrywm rubrum, Garcke, and Melandryum pratense, Rohl., with Silene viscosa, Pers., Rohrbach draws conclusions as to the greater sexual affinity between Melandryum and Silene, than between Lychnis and Silene; but in this particular instance it does not apply, as L. Celakovsky has shown that in ¥S. viscosa the capsule is truly unilocular, and not more or less septate at the base, and that therefore this species should be transferred to Melandryum. If then we take into consideration the number of the styles, and the number of the teeth formed by dehiscence of the ripe capsule, we find that the following genera are isotypic with these three :—Hudianthe, Viscaria, Heliosperma, Petrocoptis, and lastly Coronaria. A tabular conspectus of the genera here mentioned will best illustrate their differential diagnosis :— Tribe Lychnidew (or Silene), Subtribe Silenoidee. A. Capsule unilocular. a. Carpels alternate with the teeth of the calyx. Anthophore none. Styles 5. Capsule 5-dentate . AGROSTEMMA. b. Carpels opposite the teeth of the calyx. Anthophore conspicuous, often elon- gated. a. Capsule dehiscing by teeth equal in number to the styles. * Petals convolute in preefloration. Appendices fornicate at the base ... LycHNIs. ** Petals convolute in _ preefloration. Appendices efornicate at the base.. CORONARIA. *** Petals imbricate in preefloration. Seeds bearded at the hilum .. PETROCOPTIS. fB. Capsule dehiscing by twice as many teeth as the styles. * Seeds crested on the dorsal surface. Styles 3 oe ..- HELIOSPERMA. ** Seeds not crested on the dorsal surface. Styles 5, rarely 3 .. MELANDRYUM. 12 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. B. Capsule plurilocular at the base. a. Capsule dehiscing by teeth equal in . number to the styles .. .. WISCARIA. b. Capsule dehiscing by twice as many teeth as the styles. a. Styles 5 .. +e oe a .. HUDIANTHE. B. Styles 3 .. oe os - .. SILENE. II. SusBpIvIsioNn OF THE GENUS INTO GrRouUPS. The genus Silene was founded by Linneus, and was defined by him in the first edition of his ‘Genera Plantarum.’* The genus is characterized as follows ¢ :— Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, clavatum, leve, 5-denta- tum, persistens. Corolla. Petala 5. Ungues angusti, longitudine calycis,. marginati. Limbus planus, obtusus, emarginatus. Nec- tarium componitur e duobus denticulis, in collo cujusvis petali. Stamina. Filamenta 10, subulata, alterna, unguibus peta- lorum inserta, seriora. Antheres oblonge. Pistillum. Ovarium cylindraceum. Styli 3 vel 5, simplices, staminibus longiores. Stigmata contra solem flexa. Pericarpium. Capsula cylindracea, tecta, 3-5-locularis, apice 6-fariam dehiscens. Semina plurima, reniformia. This description sufficiently circumscribes the species in the genus as understood by Rohrbach, except that the calyx (perianth) is not always “ leve,” and that the lamina (limbus) of the petal is not often “ emarginatus.” By Adanson,}. Stlene was disintegrated into six distinct genera, in contravention, however, of the Linnean canon, which says, “Habitus occulte consulendus est, ne genus erroneum levi de caussa fingatur.”§ It was on such & secondary character that Adanson carved his six genera out of the Linnean genus. They are—Silene, Atocion, Oberna, Otites, Steris, and Kaleria. As a synonym Linneus cites Viscago, Dill. Hort. Eltham. p. 309. * p. 132, n. 372 (1787). + With the verbal emendations of Richter’s ‘Codex Linneanus.’ > Familles des Plantes, ii, p. 254 (1763). § Philosophia Botanica, ed. II, p. 121. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 13 The sections into which Adolph Otth proposed to group the species in the first volume of De Candolle’s ‘ Prodromus’ are so unnatural, and characterized by such indefinite characters, that it would be impossible to attempt a revision of the genus on the principles followed by that botanist. Others followed Otth’s classification, with unimportant alterations, in subse- quent works, in which the plants of the order Caryophyllacez were systematically or geographically dealt with, so that the first classification of species of Silene which can properly claim any attention from a scientific point of view dates from Godron’s* masterly essay on the forms of inflorescence in this genus. Godron certainly attaches no importance to the existence of septa at the base in the ripe capsule or to their absence, and includes, therefore, all species belonging to Melandrywm subg. Elisanthe, as well as the genus Heliosperma (to which he falsely ascribes capsular dissepiments), in Silene; and this same view of the limits of the genus is taken by Bentham and Hooker.t+ The grouping of the genera of the suborder Sileninesw on the principle first proposed by Alexander Braun has already been alluded to, and Rohrbach has adopted in the main Godron’s primary character of the disposition and mode of inflorescence, except in reference to the group Lychnioides, which he has relegated to a subordinate and secondary position, but which, however, in this revision disappears altogether, as the species are placed in the genus Hudianthe. The genus Silene, as understood and circumscribed by Braun, included a large number of species which formed a very natural group sufficiently marked off from other genera, as defined at that time, but very difficult to form into subsidiary groups, on account of the absence of well-defined primary and secondary characters within the limits of the genus which might be utilized for the purpose. In the first place, however, he fixes on the character of the mode of overlapping of the petals in prefloration as the basis of division into two subgenera, before Proceeding to group the species into sections. Boissier points out that Alexander Braun first drew attention to this character * Observ. crit. sur Vinflor. du genre Silene (1847). t Genera Plantarum, i, p- 147: “Ovarium uniloculare vel ima basi septatum multiovulatum ; styli vulgo 3. Capsula apice in dentes vel valvas breves 6 rarius 3 dehiscens.” 14 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. in the genus, and the speciousness of such a line of cleavage is best explained in his own words, which are here translated from ‘FI. Orientalis,’ vol. i:—‘‘ A genus very difficult to break up into groups of species, since the characters for defining sections are either absent or not strongly marked. Thus Godron demonstrated that all forms of inflorescence which were met with in the genus, the dichotomy, the panicle, the unilateral raceme, are only modifications of the cyme, and that they pass one into another in allied species, and even in plants of the same species. The number of the nerves of the calyx varies in plants otherwise alike in all their characters. Alexander Braun pointed out a character depending on the imbricative (quincuncial) sstivation of certain species, but this mode of overlapping of the petals in estivation in the genus is not really quincuncial (arising, as it were, from spiral insertion of the petals), but is a deformation of convolute estivation (arising from verticillary insertion), to which, in allied species and often in the same species, it returns. The seeds, which are generally canaliculate on the dorsal surface, may become plane, then convex, and, finally, in Helvosperma, carinate [with the rows of tubercles transformed into crested spines*]. With these considerations, I have not proposed sections such as it would be incumbent on a future mono- grapher of the whole genus to specify, but I have attempted to arrange the Eastern species in natural groups, as far as I was able, according to general characters and habit in the absence of definite and well-marked characters.” Boissier says how he tried first one character, and then another, and afterwards a combination of two or more, only to find that his hypothetical sections invariably either overlapped one another or failed to include some of the species. Rohrbach first of all divides the genus into two subgenera:— (1) Behen, in which the leading character is “ sestivatio peta- lorum imbricativa” ; and (2) Silene proper, in which the leading character is “ mstivatio petalorum alternatim contorta.” In connection with this I should like to refer to an interesting letter from Alexander Braun to J. Gay, preserved in Herb. Kew. In this letter diagrams are given of the mode of overlapping of the petals in estivation in Silene Pumilio; and quoting from a letter from Pacher, he says that usually the petals are imbricate in wstivation in this species, but that this is not constant, and * Not in the original. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 15 occasionally they are contorted. There is also an interesting note in J. Gay’s handwriting on specimens of Arenaria pungens in reference to this same character :—“ Petalorum eestivatio nunc imbricata, nunc sinistrorsum contorta.” I consulted the late Sereno Watson (who has studied the North American species of Silene) as to his views on the importance of these primary characters. In a letter received from him only a few weeks before his lamented death, he ‘says :—‘‘I have never considered the characters that you mention of any special importance, and have paid them no attention. If S. Douglasii and S. nivea are to be separated from our other species on the imbrication of the petals, it is evident that the division is not a natural one.” Again, “estivatio alternatim contorta’”’ is some- what obscure, but Mr. Watson points out that it appears to be illustrated in Eichler’s ‘ Bliithendiagramme,’ on p. 106, fig. 414 ; and is what is called ‘“‘antidromy” or ‘ heterodromy,” the petals in the flowers of the axis overlapping in one direction, and those of the branches in the opposite. Now the species of Silene are difficult to discriminate in living specimens, especially before the ripening of the capsules, and still more so in the case of herbarium specimens; and were the mode of imbrication of the petals, if such variation is to be depended upon, to be insisted on as a primary character, it would of necessity impair, if not stultify, the value of the Yesult obtained from an attempted examination of the greater part of the material afforded by collectors and distributors. I propose, therefore, by slightly modifying Rohrbach’s arrangement, to base the primary subdivisions of the genus on the structure of the calyx ; and to exclude from his subgenus Behen those few species in which the two characters of a calyx with anastomosing veins and inflated at the time of flowering are not associated, viz., S. pygmea, S. turgida, and S. Douglasii. I propose also to follow Engler and Prantl* in considering each division of Silene proper as a Subgenus, thus making three subgenera instead of two. I would further suggest Gastrosilene as a substitute for Behen, which is somewhat of a misnomer. Cucubulus Behen, Linn., and Behen vulgaris, Moench, are certainly superseded names for Silene inflata, the best known species of the subgenus, but Silene Behen, Linn., is a good species, and belongs to another Subgenus, so that the name as taken up by Rohrbach is mis- leading. Gastrosilene is pseudhomonymic also with Gastrolychnis, * Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Theil iii (1889), p. 70. 16 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. one of the sections of the genus Lychnis proposed by Fenzl in Endlicher’s monumental work. . The limits of the genus will be more conveniently circum- scribed if Rohrbach’s generic character of a uniloéular capsule septate at the base is maintained ; so that many of the North American species described by Sereno Watson and most of the species from the province of Yun-nan, described by M. Franchet,* in which the ovary and capsule are strictly unilocular, should be transferred to the genus Melandryum. It would be better also to exclude four species, retained by Rohrbach in his monograph, in which the ovary has five styles, and is, of course, 5-septate at the base, viz., Polyschemone nivalis, Schott, Hudi- anthe Celi-rosa, Fenzl, EH. corsica, Fenzl, and E. leta, Fenzl. Husilene itself is divided into three sections according to the form of the inflorescence. In the same way that the principal primary subdivisions in the grouping of natural genera within the limits of the same family cannot be carried out with logical precision, in so far as a character in one genus is of first importance, and in another may be of no systematic value whatever, so the same thing obtains in the subdivision of a genus into several groups of higher or lower grade. Thus it would be unnatural to separate S. grisea from S. flavescens ; yet, strictly speaking, the first should be in Botryosilene, while S. flavescens is in its place in Dichasiosilene. Similarly the same reason holds with 8. Steberi, S. Fenzlit, and certain forms of S. ctalica, which should be in the section Dichastosilene, were it not that their special characters unmistakably show their relationship with S. ctalica. We must, therefore, take into consideration other characteristics in admitting apparently aberrant types into one or the other of the primary groups in the subdivision of the genus. Rohrbach’s greatest difficulty was in the section Botryosilene. The peculiarity in certain species for the flowers to bend downwards at the time of flower- ing, an observed fact utilized by Otth in his grouping of species, when applied to the section as a whole, leads to unnatural separation of closely allied forms. In the same way it is impossible correctly to circumscribe a natural series of forms by means of the various modifications of the raceme, since frequently one type of racemose inflorescence grades into another, and also species having varied modifications of the raceme are allied by more distinctive and important characters. , * Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii (1886), pp. 417-428. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 17 And here, as in many other cases, it cannot be too clearly laid down that natural relationship is to be found in the possession of essential characters in the aggregate, and forms cannot be classified by the arbitrary selection of a single, albeit though a conspicuously distinctive character, and that the constancy of the specitic type is due to the maintenance of the balance and the absolute correlation of the structure of the different parts of the plant with the conditions of life and the environment in which it lives ; so that any undue exaltation or deficiency in the structure or function of any organ or part of an organ, whether arising within the plant itself or in its environment, tends to the impairment or to the loss of that balance, and consequently to instability and variation. Rohrbach first of all divides the section Botryosilene into two groups, according to the structure of the substance of the calyx, whether coriaceous or membranaceous; and then the second group lends itself more readily to division into sub- sidiary groups on the basis of the type of the form of racemose inflorescence. I wish to draw attention more particularly to this section rather than to any of the other primary groups, because if some working botanists hold that there are weak points in the method and arrangement in Rohrbach’s classifica- tion, it is in this section of Botryosilene that such are to be found. But, as he says, after a good deal of consideration and comparison of the relative value and specific importance of salient characters, he has not succeeded in finding a more natural method of associating the known species into definite subsidiary groups; and in any future improvement upon this, the critical reviser must have in his mind a general idea of the complete series of species, otherwise, instead of improving upon the scheme of classification submitted, he is likely to fall into worse errors. I will now, therefore, discuss a few specific characters in detail. A pre-eminent character to select is the form of the seed. Within the limits of the same group of allied forms the Seed varies chiefly in its size (generally depending relatively on the size of the flower and capsule), in its form and structure Scarcely at all. However, in a widely distributed and poly- morphous species like Silene inflata, we find transitional modifications in the form of the seed. On the other hand, almost the only difference between S. rigidula and S. echino- LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. Cc 1s Mk. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. sperma is in the structure of the seed. Of not less importance as a character is the nervation of the calyx, especially in respect of the branching of the ten primary nerves. The presence or absence of such anastomosing branches is a variation net altogether unknown within the limits of the same species; yet by this character is S. linearis separated from S. arenosa. Of often more than specific importance is the form of the fruc- tiferous calyx, as to whether it is contracted and almost closed above, or uniformly cylindrical, or campanulate and expanded under the reflexed petals. Again, to take an example from other organs, within the same group of species, the filaments, which are usually glabrous, in a number of species are invested with long cilia. As to the duration of the life of the piant, this seems a fairly constant and reliable character; likewise the manner of growth, whether uniaxial (as is generally the case) or biaxial. As an exception under abnormal conditions, we may instance S. ciliata, in which the flowering stems are terminal, but which under cultivation sometimes produces a main axis with infrarosular flowering stems as in S. melandryoides. The form of the different calyx-teeth varies sometimes in the same flower ; since this, however, is associated with other characters in the structure of the calyx, it is therefore of value in separating species. On the contrary, should such variation be found in individuals of what are supposed to be the same species, then analogy must decide whether it is desirable to separate the two as distinct species. In this connection may be noted the form of the calyx, which at the time of flowering is often very different from that which incloses the ripe capsule. As to the form of the capsule, and the relative length of the capsule and carpophore, the variations within certain limits to which both are subject are different for different groups, and their importance as a character can only be ascertained and appraised by comparison in the different groups. On the other hand, the presence of cilia on the claws of the petals is a character subject to variation more often, even in the flowers of the same stem; especially is this noticeable in the group of S. Sazxifraga, while in most other groups the character of “ungues glabri”’ and “ ungues ciliati”’ is sharply defined. The same obtains in the definite character of the auriculate appen- dage or dilatation at the junction of the claw with the blade, it Ce el hl MR. Fe. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 1y which, while, for example, in Dichasiosilene distinguishes the series Awriculate from all the other perennial species of the section, in some species is to be found in all stages of transition from slight broadening at the apex of the claw to the develop- ment of a distinct lobe on each side of it. The degree of segmen- tation in the blade, the width of the lobes, and lastly the colour of the petals are not characters which may serve for the separation of species, apart from other and more distinctive characters. Of still less importance is the general pubescence of the plant; which, as is well known, is a character that often depends on external conditions, and on difference in station and in vertical range. Somewhat more constant and reliable is the pubescence of the calyx, though this is subject to considerable variation. The least important, or which amounts to the same thing, the most unreliable character to make use of in the limitation of species is that of the form of the foliage-leaves. Although this has been long recognised by systematic botanists, in a genus like Silene, it is necessary to emphasize the fact; to justify, for example, the circumscription of S. chlorefolia, whose aberrant forms present indeed a very diverse type and appear- ance, forms which Rohrbach thought desirable to include in this species, and, as he shows in his diagnosis, by a continuous series of intermediate forms are connected one with another, which makes a separation into four distinct specific types scarcely feasible or possible. In the same way and by the same variable character is justified the inclusion of several forms (superficially distinct) within the limits of a species. In giving greater importance to the presence or absence of the coronal appendix, I venture to differ from Rohrbach, as modifications of it have a systematic value in other genera. ITI. Puan anno Scope or tuts Revision. The Revision of the genus is based on Rohrbach’s Monograph, published in 1868. Specimens of most of the species described by him have been examined, excepting only those of which authentic types were not obtainable for examination. Species have been transferred from one group to another, only after examination of properly authenticated specimens and the remarks on their structural character by other observers have satisfied me that occasional deviation from the sequence in c 2 20 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE, Rohrbach’s enumeration is desirable in the interest of accuracy of description, and with due regard to the affinities of allied species. Species described since the publication of Rohrbach’s work have been intercalated in their proper place, or (in many cases) reduced as synonyms or as varieties of previously known species. The matter under the head of each species is arranged as follows. The name of the species is followed by the authority for the name and the werk or memoir in which it was first published.* This is followed by the citation of a published figure of the plant, if a satisfactory one is known to me: the third reference is to the page of Rohrbach’s ‘ Monograph’ on which the species is described. The species described by Rohrbach have not been again described in this Revision, unless subsequent re-examination of specimens has obviously impaired the accuracy of Robrbach’s description ; slight varia- tions, discrepancy, or hiatus in his diagnosis have been noted and rectified in form of addenda after the references following the name. The species known and discovered subsequently to the publication of Rohrbach’s work have been described on a uniform plan, and as far as practicable the diagnoses are of uniform length and conciseness; and species which have been transferred to another group or section have not been re- described unless such transference has entailed considerable and important verbal alterations. After the description or bibliographical references are often given a few differential characters distinguishing it from allied forms, more particularly in subsidiary groups which include several species. The synonymy, in so far as it is identical with that given by Rohrbach, is omitted, but under this heading additional synonyms (reduction of new? species) are given, ard some synonyms, incorrectly given by Rohrbach, are excluded. This is occasionally followed by critical notes or explanatory com- ments on the species, where they may seem to be required. The last item under the heading of each species gives the limits of the geographical range. It has not been thought necessary to give the complete geographical distribution, as any extension of the range of the species as defined by Rohrbach is thus * For species described since 1868, references are sometimes given to two works in which a description of the species is to be found, as the publication in which a new species is first described is often inaccessible. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 21 sufficiently indicated. The habitat of species not distributed over a wide area is given in the usual way. In the case of species of wide distribution the extreme geographical limits in each direction are given. Records extending the limits of the species are everywhere given. As frequently as possible I have added the date of publication to the reference cited for the species, except in the case of works repeatedly cited.* For the dates of works and memoirs not readily accessible I am often indebted to the excellent and carefully edited series of Botanical Catalogues issued by Messrs. Dulau of London, and by Messrs. Friedlander of Berlin; in all cases in which I have referred from the Catalogue to the work cited I have found absolute accuracy in titles and dates. In the matter of absolute priority in names of species, I have preferred not to change a few old-established names which are always met with in the floras generally used, and under which the literature of the species is always to be found, in favour of obscure, little known (and usually inappropriate) names, which may possibly have antedated them in publication by a few months. The “plea of convenience” and stability in nomen- clature is of far more scientific importance in morphology than endless name-changing for reasons of priority. Of the 390 species enumerated in this Revision, published figures are cited for 172 species; and of the 141 varieties enumerated, additional figures are cited for 29. Where a figure is obviously bad and misleading, I have not thought it worth while to refer to it. I have not always cited what may appear to be the best plate, but, for convenience of reference and to facilitate the comparison of species, have preferred to quote works in which several species are figured, such as the ‘Flora Greca,’ Reichenbach’s ‘Ic. Flor. Germ. Helv.,’ Willkomm’s sumptuous ‘Icones,’ and Cosson’s ‘TIlustr. FI. Atlantice.’ The position of Silene and its relationships with the other genera of Silenoidew are shown at the end of a previous section. The following table shows the position of the subtribe Silenoides in the natural order Caryophyllacese :— * This, however, is everywhere added in the index, to which reference should be made for the dates. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. K.ON. MR, NN Vt aul s ea et AR NR RIOR Raat PB A ak a *SBOOBUISBYOAN "BOBBITT *‘sooutpodousey) \ / “Bo0BooBloJAU \ 4 \ *Boovozly *SVo0VyAUBIVMYy iN Soo’ 4 \ *BOOVIQOITII ‘woovTTAydoArey —! STap.1O FRANGRU 19490 QIK won hydofiin7 jo satqUYe oy} MOYS 0} papUozUI ST WVLGRIP SUTAOT[OJ OIL, ‘SBOplOUs[Ig °s ‘waprotiqdosdAn ‘[ -aqIulang *‘w@odreoAlog °g "SOIIVUAIG ‘T *"sBarruns1edg °g “SOUISTY ‘T *SOUOIIG °S “BOUUVIC ‘[—AAIU], | | | | | ie a ee | ‘eeautdiwodjog °¢ ‘SOurUIs[yY ‘OS ‘eeoulueTIg *[—HaasomaAg | -maoUTTAYAosreQ—wadUg nw oe MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. SILENE. Herbe annue, biennes vel perennes suffruticesve. Radix simplex vel ramosa, perpendicularis vel obliqua, in perennibus crassa, lignosa, rhizoma repens sepe formans, caules foliosos et floriferos emittens. Caulis altitudine valde varians, teres vel raro nervo foliorum mediano decurrente triangulatus, glaber vel pubescens vel glandulosus, seepe presertim superne viscosus, foliosus aut, foliis inferne in rosulam confertis, aphyllus et apice florifer, raro in foliornm rosulam abbreviatus et tum ramos florigeros lateraliter emittens ; simplex et apice tantum flores nonnullos ferens aut plus minus ramosus. Folia integra, sessilia vel basi in petiolum angustata, opposita, decussata, rarissime quasi superposita quaterna, latitudine valde variantia, ovato-lanceolata lanceolatave, linearia vel triquetra interdum pungentia, glabra vel pubescentia. Bracteew et prophylla herbaceee, ssepe margine membranacee et ciliate, vel scariose. Inflorescentia racemosa, racemo aut simplici interdum ad florem unum ternosve terminales reducto vel in dichasium plus minus compositum laxum capitatumve transmutato vel altero dichasii ramo abortivo scorpioideo (racemum uni- lateralem), aut racemo composito ramis racemos simplices vel inferne rursum compositos raro dichasia formantibus, interdum ramis contractis verticillastra fingentibus. Flores hermaphroditi, interdum abortu dioici, plus minus longe pedicellati, erecti, patentes vel nutantes.—Calyx gamophyllus, tubulosus, clavatus, turbinatus vel campanulatus, interdum ampliatus, glaber vel pubescens, umbilicatus vel umbilico destitutus vel infra basin annulo circulari auctus, 5-dentatus, dentibus margine sepe scariosis ciliatis, 10-20-30-vel 60-nervius, evenius vel nervis anastomosantibus. Petala 5 unguiculata, raro subobsoleta inconspicua, cum staminibus carpophori vel stipitiformis plus minus elongati vel cyathiformis crassi brevis apice inserta, prefloratione aut alternatim contorta aut imbricata, unguibus ciliatis vel glabris, interdum apice dilatatis vel utrinque auriculatis, lamina integra biloba vel bipartita vel interdum multifida, ad faucem biappendiculata bigibbosa Squamata vel ecoronata. Stamina 10, petalis alterna majora, opposita 5 unguibus basi cohwrentibus minora: fila- menta filiformia; anther biloculares longitudinaliter introrsum dehiscentes. Ovarium basi triloculare, septis supra placente 24 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. centralis apicem, vel in medio desinentibus, superne uniloculare ; ovula plurima amphitropa funiculis distinctis in singulis loculis biseriatim placentis inserta. Styli 3, filiformes vel subclavati, intus papillosi. Capsula chartacea vel crustacca, oblouga, ovata vel subglobosa, basi plus minus trilocularis, apice in dentes duplo styloram numerum dehiscens. Semina plurima reniformia vel globosa, interdum dorso utrinque ala undulata cincta, levia striolata granulata vel tuberculata: embryo fere annularis vel hemicyclicus, excentricus, albumen farinaceum cingens, raro albumine in seminum alis undualatis incluso ; radicula dorsalis. Silene, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. I (1755); Gen. Plant., ed. I, p. 182, n. 372 (1737). Viscago, Hall., Enum. Stirp. Helv., i, p. 373 (1742). Muscipula, Rupp., Fl. Jenensis (ed. Hall.), p. 125 (1745). Atocion, Adans., Fam. Pl., ii (1763), p. 254. Oberna, Adans., l.c., p- 255. Otites, Adans., l.c., p. 255. Kaleria, Adans., l.c., p. 506. Behen, Moench, Meth., p. 709 (1794). Corone, Hoffmg. ex. Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. II, i, p. 422 (1840). Diplogama, Opiz, Seznam, p. 38 (1852). Cheiropetalum, Fries, Ind. Sem. Hort. Upsal., 1857: ex _ Urban, Addit. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berolin. (1881), p. 11. Oncerum, Dulac, FI. Hautes-Pyr., p. 255 (1867). Leptosilene, Fourr., in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xvi (1868), p. 344. Petrosilene, Fourr., lee. Behenantha, Schur, in Verh. Naturf. Ver. Brinn, xv, I, (1877), p. 130. Species in tria subgenera disponuntur :— I. GASTROSILENE. II. CONOSILENE. IIT. EKUSILENE. Subgenus I. GASTROSILENE. Calyx 10-vel 20-nervius, nervis reticulato-venosis, vesicarie inflatus post anthesin semper ampliatus, fructifera capsula remotus. Species erennes, MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 25. 1. Petala, unguibus superne dilatatis vel auriculatis, bifida, rarius emarginata vel subintegra. A. Calyx 10-nervius. a. Folia subulata pungentia. S. pungens. b. Folia mutica. a. Caules florigeri e basi rosul foliorum terminalis lateraliter. edentes. S. odontopetala, kubanensis, subuniflora, Brotherana, candicans, araxina, Atkinfijewi. 8. Caules florigeri e foliorum rosule medio edentes (sive folia non rosulata). t Calyx sub anthesi ore aperto. (1) Petala unguibus ciliatis. S. nubigena, plutonica. (2) Petala unguibus glabris. S. Fabaria, monantha, mongolica, kumaonensis, thebana, fabarioides,. cesia, variegata. tt Calyx sub anthesi ore contracto. S. ampullata. B. Calyx 20-nervius. a. Petala apice subintegra. S. procumbens, Pumilio. b. Petala bifida vel bipartita. 8. Thorei, maritima, glareosa, inflata, commutata, Cserei. 2. Petala, unguibus non auriculatis, fimbriato-multifida. S. physalodes, fimbriata, campanulata. Subgenus II. CONOSILENE. Calyx 20-30-vel 60-nervius, nervis haud anastomosantibus ; fructifer e basi ampliataé apicem versus attenuatus. Flores in dichasio simplici vel composito dispositi, ramus alter sepe abbreviatus, alter in latere Tamo accessorio auctus, rarius flores solitarii. Herbs annue. a, Calyx 20-nervius. S. ammophila, coniflora. b. Calyx 30-nervius. a, Capsula carpophoro brevi stipitata. S. subconica, juvenalis. 8. Capsula sessilis. t Filamenta pubescentia. 8. lydia, Sartorii, conica. 26 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. ++ Filamenta glabra. S. conoidea, multinervia, amphorina. ec. Calyx 60-nervius. S. macrodonta. Subgenus IIT. EUSILENE. Calyx semper 10-nervius, vel evenius vel nervis anastomosantibus, nunquam vesicarie inflatus, fructifer autem supra carpophorum sepe a capsula maturescente distentus. Inflorescentia valde varians. Species annuze, biennes, vel perennes. Sectio i, C1NCINNOSILENE, Flores in cincinnis plus minus laxis (racemis secundis scorpioideis) simplicibus vel geminatis, breviter vel raro longe pedicellati vel subsessiles, interdum primo dichasium simplex vel duplex formantes, dichasii deinde ramis scorpioideis. Herbz annuz vel biennes, paucze perennes. A. Species annue vel biennes. a, Apterosperme. Semina reniformia vel globosa, dorso nunquam alis undulatis marginato. Series 1. Dichotome. Flores in cincinnis geminatis brevissime pedicellati vel subsessiles, primo in dichasio simplici vel duplici, ramis dichasii lateralibus scorpioideis. Calyx evenius, fructifer apice contractus. Herb interdum biennes. a. Semina faciebus plana. S. lagenocalyx, greca, dichotoma, racemosa. b. Semina faciebus curvato-excavata. S. vespertina, disticha. Series 2. Scorpioidee. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus; interdum infra florem axis primariz terminalem unilateraliter ramus scorpioideus evolutus, ita ut stirps dichotoma esse videatur, dichotomia autem nunquam florigera. A. Semina reniformia, faciebus curvato-excavata, dorso (exc. S. gallica and S. Giraldiz) obtuse canaliculata., a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. - a, Filamenta basi villosa; calyx evenius. S. gallica. 8. Filamenta glabra, + Calyx evenius. S. Giraldit. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 27 t+ Calyx striis anastomosantibus. S. cerastioides, calycina. b. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. a. Filamenta basi villosa. S. reflexa. 8. Filamenta glabra. + Capsula oblonga subsessilis. S. nocturna, brachypetala. tt Capsula carpophorum bis terve superans, vel fere zequans. S. remotiflora, obtusifolia, hirsuta, pompetopolitana, mogadorensis ’ ’ » Pp ) pp ’ A ’ palestina, affinis, B. Semina reniformia valde compressa, faciebus concaviuscula, dorso acute canaliculata. a. Calycis striz anastomosantes, vel superne conjuncte, a, Calyx fructifer apice contractus. S. brevistipes. 8. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. S. canopica, Kuschakewiczi, setacea, maroccana. b. Calyx striatus evenius. a, Calyx fructifer apice contractus. S. Heldreichit, oxyodonta. 8. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. S. Schweinfurthi, arabica, chirensis. €. Semina reniformia, faciebus plana, dorso plus minus obtuse canaliculata. a. Calycis evenii nervi pilis basi bulbosis vel squamulis acutis vestiti, calyx fructifer apice contractus. S. trinervia, scabrida, oropediorum. b. Calyx glaber vel, si pubescens, pilis basi non bulbosis vestitus. a, Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. + Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. S. micropetala, cisplatensis, imbricata. tt Calyx evenius. S. clandestina, discolor, villosa. 8. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. S. pendula. 28 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. D. Semina globosa, dorso convexa, faciebus plano-convexa, undique obtuse tuberculata. a. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus, evenius. S. adscendens, littorea. b. Calyx fructifer apice contractus, striis anastomosantibus. S. Psammiatis. b. Dipterosperme. Semina rotundo-reniformia compressa, faciebus planiuscula, dorso- alis duabus undulatis marginato profunde canaliculata. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus vel interdum geminatis. a. Capsule carpophorum puberulum. S. sericea, glauca, glabrescens, longicaulis. b. Capsule carpophorum glabrum. S. apetala, decipiens. B. Species perennes, fruticulosz. a. Apterosperme. Semina reniformia vel auriformia, dorso nunquam alis undulatis marginato. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus. A. Caules florigeri e basi rosule foliorum terminalis lateraliter edentes. S. legionensis, atlantica. B. Caules florigeri terminales, ex rosula foliorum medio edentes (sive folia non rosulata). a. Calycis dentes elongato-lanceolati acuti. a. Flores calyce multo brevius pedicellati. S. Choulettet, Hochstetteri. B. Flores calyce longius pedicellati. S. Biafre. b. Calycis dentes obtusi, vel raro ovati acuti. a. Herbs nunquam cespitem formantes. S. Burchellii, primuleflora, crassifolia. B. Herbe ceespitem densum formantes. + Calyx evenius. S. Mundiana, elegans. tt Calyx striis bifurcatim conjunctis. S. ciliata. b. Dipterosperme. Semina rotundo-reniformia, faciebus planiuscula, dorso alis duabus undulatis marginato profunde acute canaliculata. Flores in cincinnis laxis duplicibus vel triplicibus. S. tntrusa, a «ne MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 29 Sectio ii. DICHASIOSILENE. Herb perennes vel annus, pauce biennes. Flores in dichasio simplici vel plus minus compvsito, breviter vel longe pedicellati, dichasii ramis sequalibus aut inzqualibus, ramo altero in speciebus nonnullis in florem unum reducto ; interdum flores dichasio contracto capitulum formantes, in speciebus perennibus multis, dichasii flores plerique abortivi, caulis uni-vel biflorus ;—rarissime inter Brachypodas flores in racemo simplici paucifloro dispositi. A, Species perennes, inter Compactas pauce biennes vel annue. a. Petala unguibus utrinque auriculatis. Series 1. Auriculate. Species alpinz uni-vel biflorz, petalorum unguibus utrinque dente obtuso vel acuto auriculatis. A. Caules florigeri terminales. a. Folia subulata vel falcata, interdum pungentia. a, Calyx dentibus obtusis. + Calyx striis anastomosantibus. S. falcata, masmencea, argea, mentagensis, rhyncocarpa, stentoria. + Calyx evenius. S. tragacantha. B. Calyx dentibus acutis, striis anastomosantibus. S. Echinus, subulata, pindicola. y. Calyx dentibus alternatim acutis et retusis, striis apice anastomosantibus. S. cylobasis. b. Folia mutica, recta, haud falcata. a. Calyx dentibus obtusis, striis latis rubris superne anas- tomosantibus. S. dianthifolia, Orphanidis, Sargenti, humilis, tachtensis, Gray), Watsoni, Suksdorfit. B. Calyx dentibus acutis. + Calyx striis anastomosantibus. S. commelinifolia, Schlumbergeri, Moorcroftiana, persica. tt Calyx evenius. S. brevicaulis, B. Caules florigeri e foliorum rosulé terminali lateraliter adscen- dentes. Calyx striis anastomosantibus. S. Bory, melandrioides, caucasica, vallesia. b. Petala unguibus exauriculatis. 30 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Series 2. Macranthe. Species 1-3-floree, floribus breviter raro longe pedicellatis ; aut flores in dichasio duplici, aut dichasii ramo altero abbreviato in foliorum axillis geminati, calyce brevius pedicellati; calyx elongato-clavatus seu in speciebus paucis uni-vel biflorus, floribus longe pedicellatis, breviter clavatus. A. Caules e foliorum rosula terminali lateraliter edentes. S. palinotricha, Schafta, pygnea, longitubulosa, heterodonta, parvula, ceespitosa. B. Caules florigeri terminales. a. Capsula globosa carpophoro ter quaterve superata. S. depressa, Porteri. b. Capsula carpophorum eequans vel plus minus superans. a, Calyx evenius. + Capsula carpophorum zquans. S. succulenta, Uhdeana, papillifolia, thymifolia, microphylla, bur- manica, cretacea, infidelium. t+ Capsula carpophorum bis quaterve superans. S. arguta, xsianica, gracillima, Schmuckeri, khasiana, vagans. B. Calyx striis anastomosantibus. + Calyx dentibus obtusis. S. oreophila, Aucheriana, nurensis, capillipes, Campanula, Saxt- fraga, Barbeyana. tt Calyx dentibus alternatim acutis et obtusis. S. fruticulosa, filipes. ttt Calyx dentibus acutis. S. multicaulis, macropoda, incurvifolia, acutifolia, fetida, Maximo- weinana, cordifolia, lazica. Series 3. Vanosilene. Species nanz uniflore ; calyx campanulatus. S. acaulis, Baumgarten. Series 4. Brachypode. Species montane caulibus strictis ; flores solitarii vel bini, longissime pedicellati, vel in dichasio simplici laxo ; calyx sub anthesi clavatus, fructifer oblongus; capsula carpophorum multies raro tantum bis superans. a. Caules florigeri e basi rosule foliorum terminalis lateraliter edentes. S. grisea, leptoclada. Te, tt Se NG ERIN IRON NII TOT me a» MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. sy b. Caules e foliorum rosule medio edentes (terminales). a, Flores solitarii vel bini, longissime pedicellati. S. flavescens, monerantha, lammulefolia. B. Flores in dichasio laxo quasi pseudoracemosi. S. thessalonica, macronychia, yemensis, japonica. Series 5. Brachyanthe. Species montanz inflorescentié dichasiiformi valde composita ; calyx vel obconicus vel breviter clavatus et tum hyalinus. a. Calyx obconicus. S. rupestris, Menziesti, cryptopetala. b. Calyx hyalinus, breviter clavatus basi truncatus. S. Tatarinowtt, macedonica, Lerchenfeldiana. Series 6. Compacte. Species annuz, biennes, vel perennes. Flores in dichasio plus minus denso contracto, capituliformi, brevissime pedicellati; calyx mem- branaceus glaber, nervis apice bifurcatim conjunctis ; petala integra vel emarginata. S. Armeria, compacta, Reuteriana, Asterias. B. Species annuee. a. Inflorescentiz rami valde inequales, altero in florem unum reducto, ita ut flores in foliorum axillis geminati esse videantur ; interdum inflorescentia superne scorpioidea. Series 7. Vicwenses. a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus, S. ramosissima, cinerea. b. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. S. Kremer?, cirtensis, nicwensis. b. Flores in dichasio composito regulari, ramis wqualibus vel raro paullum inequalibus. Series 8. Atocia. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. Semina faciebus curvato- excurvata, vel subglobosa profunde umbilicata. a. Semina faciebus curvato-excurvata. a. Semina dorso tuberculorum seriebus 3 ornato, plano- convexa medio leviter canaliculata. S. fuscata, Pseudo-Atocion. 8. Semina dorso obtuse canaliculata. t Calyx evenius. S. divaricata, rubella, Bergiana, turbinata, segetalis. 32 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. tt Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. S. argillosa. b. Semina subglobosa tuberculata profunde umbilicata. Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. S. egyptiaca, virescens, atocivides, mekinensis, delicatula, insularis. Series 9. Rigidule. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. Semina faciebus plana. A. Semina dorso utrinque alé undulata ornato, canaliculata. S. nana. B. Semina dorso plana. a. Capsula carpophorum bis superans. S. Hussoni. b. Capsula carpophorum zequans vel paullum superans. S. rigidula, echinosperma, juncea. c. Capsula carpophoro bis terve superata. S. portensis, C. Semina dorso canaliculata, margine haud alata. a. Capsula carpophoro 3-4-plo superata. S. reticulata. b. Capsula carpophorum zquans. a, Filamenta villoso-ciliata. S. Kotschyi, intricata. 8. Filamenta glabra. S. cariensis, integripetala, laconica, arenosa, linearis. ec. Capsula carpophorum 2-4-plo superans. a. Flores laterales calyce brevius pedicellati. S. chetodonta, striata. 8. Flores laterales calyce longius pedicellati. t Petala e calyce exserta.. S. pinetorum, sedoides, pentelica, Haussknechtit. tt Petala tota in calyce occulta sive nulla. S. inaperta, Series 10. Leioculycine. Calyx fructifer apice contractus, Calyx glaber vel brevissime scabriusculus, vel raro glanduloso-pubescens. a. Calyx evenius. a. Calyx dentibus acutis. S. cretica, Ungeri, grandiflora. 8. Calyx dentibus obtusis. S. antirrhina, levigata, Boissiert. etait Se eee ee eT ee MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 33 b. Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. a, Calyx dentibus acutis. S. Almole, Muscipula, Reinholdi, stricta, tenurflora. 8. Calyx dentibus obtusis. S. Behen, Holzmanni, linicola, crassipes. Series 11. Lasiocalycine. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. Calyx evenius, valde costatus, cost pilis longis vel squamis distinctis vestitie. a. Petala integra vel emarginata. S. gonocalyx, pteroneura. b. Petala bitida vel bipartita. S. papillosa, echinata, squamigera, vesiculifera. Sectio iii. BotRYOSsILENE Herbe perennes suffruticesve. Flores in racemo simplici vel composito, breviter vel longe pedicellati: racemi ramis aut brevibus paucifloris, aut elongatis iterum racemosis vel cymuliferis vel, omnibus cymarum internodiis abbreviatis, verticillastriferis ; interdum axis primarie intra inflorescentiam flores internodiis contractis capitulum formantes ; caulis raro abortu tri-vel uniflorus. A. Calyx glaberrimus coriaceus, cylindrico- vel conico-clavatus, seepe basi annulo circulari pseudoumbilicatus. Series 1. Sclerocalycine. a. Pedicelli im basi bibracteolati. S. Friwaldzkyana. b. Pedicelli medium versus vel infra calycem bibracteolati. a. Filamenta glabra. t Flores erecti. ; (1) Calyx dentibus omnibus acutis vel mucronatis. s bupleuroides, avromana, caramanica, Rouyana, macrosolen, tenuicaulis, megalocalyx, Parrowtana. (2) Calyx dentibus alternatim obtusis et acutis, albo- marginatis ciliatis, a. Folia glabra. 8. chlorefolia, longiflora, staticifolia, cesarea, laxa, peduncularis, armena, 8. Folia serrulato-scabra. S, serrulata. LINN. JOURN.—BOTAN Y, VOL. XXXII. p 34 Mik. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. (3) Calyx dentibus omnibus ovatis obtusis, albo- marginatis ciliatis, S. Balanse. tt Flores cernui. (1) Calyx dentibus omnibus acutis vel obtusis. S. struthioloides, Manissadjiani. (2) Calyx dentibus alternatim acutis et obtusis albo- narginatis, S. libanotica. & Filamenta ciliata. t+ Flores erecti. S. radicosa, tunicoides. tt Flores cernui. S. oligantha. B. Calyx membranaceus, rarissime coriaceus simulque pubescens, basi truncatus vel umbilicatus. a. Flores in racemis simplicibus, axis primariz internodiis nunquam abbreviatis, racemi ramis brevibus oppositis interdum altero abortivo, alterius omnibus unifloris vel interdum inferioribus 3-7-floris et superioribus tantum unifloris. Series 2. Chloranthe. Pedicelli im& basi binis prophyllis prediti. Petala bipartita, raro retusa. A. Petala bipartita vel bifida. a. Capsula carpophorum 2-4-plo superans ; calyx glaberrimus, raro glanduloso-pubescens. S. chiorantha, tatarica, foliosa, tenuis, Douglasii, Macounii, lychnidea, Reichenbachit. b. Capsula carpophorum sequans. S. linifolia, genistifolia, turgida. B. Petala retusa. S. scaposa. Series 3. Suffruticose. Pedicelli medium versus seu apice binis prophyllis prediti. Petala integra, bipartita vel rarius laciniato-quadripartita. A. Petala integra vel bipartita. a. Capsula carpophoro superata. S. nodulosa, goniocaula. silicate A MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 35 b. Capsula carpophorum zquans, rarissime eo sesquilongior. a, Calyx coriaceus, petala unguibus glabris. t Petala bipartita, unguibus auriculatis. S. eriocalycina, caspica, hirticalyx. tt Petala linearia integra. 8. leptopetala. B. Calyx membranaceus. t Petala unguibus ciliatis. S. petreea, lineata. tt Petala unguibus glabris. S. Montbretiana, brahuica, Urvillei. ec. Capsula carpophorum bis terve superans, vel subsessilis. a. Folia pungentia ; semina dorso faciebusque plana. S. altaicu. 8. Folia mutica ; semina dorso canaliculata, faciebus plana. t Calyx glaberrimus. S. lithophila, tenella. tt Calyx pubescens. (1) Ungues et filamenta glabra. S. canariensis, nocteolens. (2) Ungues et filamenta ciliata. 8. stenobotrys, Semenovii. B. Petala laciniato-quadripartita. 8. odoratissima. b. Flores in racemo simplici vel composito verticillastrifero, aut, axis primariz internodiis intra inflorescentiam abbreviatis, capitulum formantes ; (rarissime racemus non contractus paucifiorus, sed tum calyx brevis obconicus et ungues ciliati). Series 4. Capitellate. Flores in racemo simplici, axis primarie internodiis abbreviatis, contracto capituliformi, rarissime in racemo paucifloro non contracto ; a. brevis turbinatus vel oblongo-campanulatus, evenius ; ungues Ciliati, A. Petala unguibus auriculatis. 8. Aristidis, citrina, B. Petala unguibus edentulis. a. Petala bipartita. t+ Filamenta glabra. 8. Pharmaceifolia, cephalantha, dianthoides. 36 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. +t Filamenta ciliata. S. Remeri, olympica. 8. Petala integra lineari-spathulata. S. capitellata. Series 5. Otitee. Flores in racemis simplicibus vel compositis verticillastriferis ; pedicelli im4 basi binis prophyllis praediti. A. Petala integra raro leviter emarginata, ecoronata. a. Capsula sessilis. S. Sendtneri, Otites. b. Capsula carpophorum bis-quater superans vel fere zequans. S. andryalefolva, holopetala, sibirica, Falconeriana, Gebleriana. B. Petala bipartita. a. Capsula carpophorum subzequans. S. multiflora, cephalenia. b. Capsula carpophorum 3-4-plo excedens. S. gigantea, congesta, Bridgesi, yunnanensis. Series 6. Spergulifolie. Flores in racemis simplicibus compositisve, verticillastra plus minus densa interdum pauciflora ferentibus ; pedicelli medio seu apice binis prophyllis preediti. , A. Petala multifida, lobis lateralibus brevibus. S. pachyrrhiza, Olge. B. Petala bipartita vel bifida. a. Capsula carpophorum equans vel fere bis superans. S. repens, spergulifolia, Bornmuelleri, supina. b. Capsula subsessilis ; flores dioici. S. pruinosa, brachycarpa, cappadocica. c. Flores in racemo composito, ramis racemosis sive dichasia composita ferentibus, aut in racemo simplici ramis strictis uni-vel paucifloris elongatis; (rarissime in formis alpinis caulis uni-vel pauciflorus). Series 7. Lasiostemones. Flores erecti vel nutantes. Petalorum ungues et filamenta lanu- ginoso-ciliata. a. Petala unguibus exauriculatis. S. affghanica, puberula, Niederi, longipetala, kunawarensis. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 37 b. Petala unguibus auriculatis ; flores nutantes. a. Ungues dente obtuso auriculati. S. Marschalli, saxatilis, aprica, Pringlet. 8. Ungues dente acuto auriculati. S. Scoulerc. Series 8. Vutantes. Flores nutantes. Petalorum ungues et filamenta glabra. a. Calyx basi sensim in petiolum attenuatus. S. leucophylla, amana, viridiflora. b. Calyx truncatus basi umbilicatus. a. Petala unguibus exauriculatis. S. mellifera, Catholica, nivea, stellata, nutans, longicilia, velutinoides. B. Petala unguibus auriculatis. S. otodonta, Spaldingit, Galatea. Series 9. Jtalice. : Flores erecti. Ungues glabri vel ciliatuli, filamenta glabra. A. Ungues ciliatuli. S. splendens, italica, pseudo-nutans, nemoralis, spinescens, Tanake, Siebert. B. Ungues glabri. € a. Capsula carpophoro sesqui-vel duplo brevior. 8. Schwarzenbergeri, Fenzlii, Fortunet. b. Capsula carpophorum bis terve superans. a. Petala multifida. S. ovata. 8B. Petala bifida. S. nevadensis, rhodopea, Skorpili, Behrii, Luisana, pectinata, Lyallin, Phrygia, eremitica, y. Petala integra. 8. lanceolata, Alerandri. ce. Capsula carpophorum sequans, vel eo sesqui-longior. a. Calyx striis anastomosantibus. 8. pauciflora, Salzmanni, fruticosa, roswata, mollissima. B. Calyx evenius. 8. gibraltarica, hifacensis, paradoxa. 38 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Subgenus I. GASTROSILENE. Calyx 10-vel 20-nervius, nervis reticulato-venosis, vesicarie inflatus et post anthesin semper ampliatus, fructifer a capsula remotus. Species perennes. I. Petala, unguibus superne dilatatis vel auriculatis, bifida rarius emarginata vel subintegra. A. Calyx 10-nervius. a. Folia subulata pungentia. 1. Sivene poncEns, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 1. i. p. 32 5 Rohrb., Monogr., p. 77. Hab. Turkish Armenia; Mt. Olympus, and Mt. Tech-Dagh, near Erzeroum; also near Erzinghan, westward of Erzeroum (Sintenis, It. Orientale, 1889). b. Folia mutica. a, Caules florigeri e basi rosule foliorum terminalis lateraliter edentes. 2. S. oponropetaLa, Fenzl, Pugill. Pl., p. 9, n. 28 (1842); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 78. a, GENUINA, Rohrb., l.c. Caules humiles, interdum foliorum rosulam vix excedentes, cum calyce glanduloso-pubescentes. Folia lanceolata vel lineari- lanceolata acuminata scabrida vel glandulosa. Flores pauci interdum solitarii. B. CERASTIIFOLIA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 626. y. LATIFOLIA, Botss., lc. Syn. S. physocalyx, Ledeb., Fl. Ross., i. p. 321. S. odontopetala var. physocalyx, Rohkrb. 6. CONGESTA, Boiss., l.c. Syn. 8. Sinaica, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 25. S. odontopetala var. sinaica, Rohrb. S. Raddeana, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 472. Geogr. limits—N. The Western Caucasus (var. +). S. St. Catherine’s Peak, on Mt. Sinai (var. 6). EE. Mt. Elburz, in N. Persia (var. +). W. Mt. Ak-Dagh, in Anatolia (var. B). cil titan (.. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 39 3. SILENE KUBANENSIS, Somm. et Lev. in Act. Hort. Petrop., xiii. (1893) p. 37. Caules cespitosi glanduloso-pubescentes inferne glabriusculi numerosi foliosi adscendentes, plus minus laxe ramoso-racemosi rarius uniflori, virescentes, basi vaginis foliorum induratis persistentibus seepe dense obsiti. Folia uninervia acuta apicu- lata, radicalia et rosularum sterilium lanceolata oblonga vel subspathulata in petiolum attenuata, caulina angustiora acutiora ; bractes submembranacee glanduloso-pubescentes ; inferiores lanceolatee acute, superiores ovato-oblonge obtuse. Flores plerumque breviter pedicellati. Calyx a basi parum dilatatus cylindricus vel elongate obconicus subumbilicatus glanduloso- pubescens membranaceus pallide virens vel dilute purpurascens, dentibus ovatis obtusissimis margine hyalinis ciliatis. Petala supra albida, subtus virescenti-livida, ultra medium bipartita, lobis linearibus obtusis, appendicibus brevibus semi-orbicu- laribus, unguibus glabris vel superne ciliatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovata vel elliptico-oblonga, carpophoro dense retrorsum hispido plerumque sesquilongior. Semina fusco-grisea reni- formia granulata, faciebus plana, dorso canaliculata. A 8. odontopetala differt, colore viridi, indumento minus denso, caulibus sepe a basi ramosis, et prasertim calyce longiore dentibus rotundatis. Hab. In the mountainous district of Kuban, in the Western Caucasus, prov. of Cis-Caucasia. 4. 8. SUBUNIFLORA, Somm. et Lev. in Act. Hort. Petrop., xiii. (1893) p. 39. Caules cespitosi glanduloso - pubescentes, basi interdum glabriusculi superne parce foliati adscendentes, uniflori rarius bifori. Folia uninervia glanduloso-ciliata, radicalia et rosu- lerum sterilium anguste lanceolata acuta rarius spathulata et ‘pice rotundata, caulina angusta lanceolato-linearia vel linearia fere subulata; bractess membranacew nunc lineari-lanceolate, nunc ovate acute. Flores nutantes, pedunculis brevibus. Calyx in alabastro late cylindricus, in flore evoluto obovato- “ampanulatus, subumbilicatus glanduloso-pubescens, membrana- ceus purpurascens, striis viridi-livescentibus vel saturate Purpureis, dentibus obtusis membranaceis. _Petala livida ultra medium bipartita, lobis divaricatis rotundatis, appendicibus oblongis vel lineari-oblongis, unguibus glabris vel superne 40 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. ciliatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovata vel elliptico-oblonga, carpophoro dense retrorsum hispido plerumque sesquilongior. Semina faciebus plana, dorso canaliculata. A precedenti valde discrepat, caule scapiformi (nunquam ramoso) et parce folioso, calyce saturatius colorato latiore, forma petalorum, appendicibus duplo Jongioribus. 8S. ciliata, cujus specimina pauciflora quoad habitum nostris simillima, recedit defectu glandularum, caule rarius unifloro, calyce angustiore basi attenuato non umbilicato. Hab. In the mountainous district of Kuban, in the Western Caucasus, prov. of Cis-Caucasia. 5. SILENE Brotuerana, Somm. et Lev. in Act. Hort. Petrop., xiii. (1893) p. 36. Caules basi suffrutescentes retrorsum tomentelli grisei numerosi adscendentes, axillis fasciculiferis. Folia breviter lanceolato-linearia mucronulata recurva apicem versus latiora, basi presertim ciliata ceterim glabrescentia ; bractee foliacese latiuscule ovate: acuminate. Cymule 3-6-flore pedunculate, plurime opposite, in racemum interruptum disposite vel apice caulis subcapitate. Calyx cylindrico-conicus glanduloso-hirsutus umbilicatus, fructifer ovatus basi vix angustatus nervis valde prominentibus costatus, dentibus ovatis obtusis apice ciliatis conniventibus. Petala alba bipartita, unguibus exsertis glabris, lobis linearibus, appendicibus binis brevibus ovatis obtusis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovato-conica sub lente corrugata, carpophorum retrorsum pubescens equans. Semina reniformia, fusca, obtuse tuberculata, faciebus plana, dorso canaliculata. Characteribus, 8. spergulifoliam et S.pruinosam, Boiss., revocat, primo intuitu autem dignoscitur calyce ampliato et evidenter a capsula remoto, ergo inter species subgeneris LEusilene (sectionis Botryosilene) enumerari non possit. A S. spergulifolia insuper differt, foliis latioribus et brevioribus, capsula parva ; a S. brachycarpa, Boiss. et Bal., preeterea capsuld non abrupte conico-rostrataé, carpophoro tenui magis elongato. Syn. S. spergulifolia (non Bieb.) in Brotherus, exsice. (1881), n. 138 bis. Hab. In the mountainous district of Azchur, in the Western Caucasus, prov. of Cis-Caucasia. 6. S. canpicans, Celak. in Ocsterr. Bot. Zeitschr. (1876), p. 321 Boiss. Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 100. ail a ce MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 41 Caules cespitosi eglanduloso-pubescentes, erecti vel suberecti, simplices, parce foliosi, 16—21 centim. longi, basi foliolis parvis in squamas vergentibus densioribus cincti. Folia rosularum sterilium obovato-spathulata acuminata in petiolum longum attenuata, caulina spathulato-oblonga longius acuminata, dense pubescenti-tomentella canescentia; bractese et prophylla ovate acute candicantes. Inflorescentia cymosa 7-10-flora, cymis trifloris in summo caulis approximatis confertis, vel cyma infima trifloré axillari remoté; flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx campanulatus, albidus vel livide subcoloratus, molliter tomentosus, dentibus late triangularibus acuminatis. Petala alba, unguibus utrinque obtusiuscule auriculatis glabris ; lamina oblonga bifida bigibbosa lobis lineari-oblongis. Capsula sub- globosa, carpophorum fere equans. Semina dorso tuberculato convexa. Hab. Syria; Zebdaine, near Damascus. 7, Smwene araxtna, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., iii. pars 1. (1875) p. 278; Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 101. Caules sive rami florigeri numerosi glandulosi foliosi, 30 centim. longi. Folia glandulosa uninervia, radicalia anguste oblonga in petiolum attenuata, caulina majora late oblonga, bractee: et prophylla ovato-lanceolate. Cyma dichotoma multi- flora floribus coarctatis. Culyx albidus glanduloso-pubescens, fructifer subclavatus, dentibus ovatis acuminatis. Petala albida, unguibus utrinque obtusiuscule auriculatis, lamina biloba, appendicibus obtusis. Capsula carpophoro vix longior. Semina dorso canaliculata bicarinata minute tuberculata, faciebus plana levia, Hab. Turkish Armenia; along the R. Aras, in the district of Erzeroum. 8. S. AKINFIJEWI, Schmalh., Neue Pfl. aus Kaukasus, in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. (1892), p. 286. , Caules humiles glanduloso-pubescentes. Folia ovata acuta; acter herbaceew. Inflorescentia terminalis cymosa, cymis floris; pedicelli calyci squilongi vel duplo longiores. alyx albidus oblongus, dentibus triangulari-oblongis obtusis. etala alba bifida ecoronata. Capsula carpophorum ter superans. longi ymca differt foliis multo latioribus, pedicellis i ‘bus, dentibus calycinis obtusiusculis. ab. In the Central Caucasus, on the Harves glacier. 42 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE, B. Caules florigeri e foliorum rosule medio edentes (sive folia non rosulata). + Calyx sub anthesi ore aperto. (1) Petala unguibus ciliatis. 9, Suene nupicena, Phil. in Anal. Univ. Chil. (1862), 1. p-. 378; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 80. Hab. Chile. 10. S. prurontca, Naudin, in C. Gay, Fl. Chil., i. p. 258; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 80. Hab. Chile. In the specimens in Herb. Kew., the leaves are 1-nerved, the stems appear to be unifloral, and the capsule is scarcely three times as long as the -carpophore. (2) Petala unguibus glabris. 11. S. Faparta, Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Greece Prodr., i. p. 293; Fl. Greca, v. t. 415. Geogr. limits.—N. Near Odessa, in prov. Kherson. S. Island of Samos, in the Turkish Archipelago. E. Ghemlek, in prov. Siwas. W. Island of Cephalonia, Ionian Isles. 12. S. monantuHa, S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad., x. (1875) p- 340; B. L. Robinson, l.c., xxviii. (1893) p. 145 (S. Douglasii var. monantha). Caulis tenuis laxe assurgens ramosus glaber. Folia anguste} oblanceolata longe acuminata basi breviter ciliata. Flores solitarii longe pedunculati erecti. Calyx campanulatus pube- rulus superne_ reticuloso-venosus, dentibus trianguleribad acutiusculis albo-marginatis subciliatis. Petala alba vel pallide rosea, unguibus anguste auriculatis longe exsertis, bifida, lobis late ovatis, appendicibus lanceolatis integris dimidiam laminam equantibus. Filamenta glabra. Capsula oblonga longe stipitata. Geogr. limits —W. United States. N.and W.—Castle Rock, Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory. SS. Webber Lake, California (Lemmon, ex Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. [1893] p. 145). Ei, N. Utah (Parry, ex Proc. Amer. Acad., xxvill. [1893] p. 145). i MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 43 13. SirenNE Moncorica, Maxim., Enum. Pl. Mongol., p. 88, t. 13 (1889). Caules cespitosi basi suifruticosi griseo-virides minute puberulo-scabri. Folia cartilagineo-apiculata, inferiora con- ferta basi attenuata lineari-lanceolata obtusiuscula, cetera linearia mucronata. Flores sub anthesi vix cernui, postea stricte erecti in dichasio 1-2-rarius 3-floro dispositi, pedicellis quam calyx longioribus. Calyx inflato-cylindricus, fructifer late clavatus, umbilicatus, dentibus subcordatis late hyalino- marginatis, Petala angusta emarginata, unguibus exsertis, appendicibus binis ovoideis. Capsula ellipsoidea carpophorum bis superans. Semina tuberculata, dorso plano-convexa, faciebus concaviuscula. Hab.—Northern Gobi; Mt. Tostu (1886). A species anomalous in habit, perhaps a connecting link between this and the next subgenus. 14. 8. kuMAoNENsIS, sp. nov. Caules adscendentes ramosi hirtello-pubescentes. Folia acu- minata, inferiora lineari-lanceolata, caulina lanceolata, bracteze foliis conformes. Flores in caule distantes, laxe subdichotomi, Jonge pedunculati. Calyx membranaceus ovato-campanulatus umbilicatus scabrido-puberulus, dentibus lanceolatis acutis cilio- latis. Petala viridula angusta bifida, lobis oblongo-linearibus. Capsula ovata carpophorum glabrum ter quaterve superans. Semina seriatim tuberculata, dorso lato convexa, faciebus ‘excavata. (Herb. Kew, coll. J. F. Duthie, n. 5366.) Hab. Dhauli Valley, Kumaon (1886). 15. 8, THEBANA, Orph. in Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 627; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 81. A 8. Fubarié diversa foliis dissitis, petalis ob coronam Amplam veluti 4-partitis. Hab. Near Thebes (Thive), in Greece. 16. 8. FABARIOIDES, Haussk. in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 47. Caules arcuato-adscendentes glaucescentes glabri. Folia Nain glaucescentia basi breviter connata glabra oblongo- naires basin versus subangustata, superiora minora elliptico- ‘tii ata acuta. Cymm ramis inequalibus dichotome: flores €rnui laxe racemosi, alares longiuscule pedunculati. Bractee 44, Mk. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. lanceolate acutee membranacee. Calyx glaber ovoideo-inflatus umbilicatus, nervis viridibus vel erubescentibus, dentibus late triangularibus acutis. Petala alba bipartita, lobis spathulatis,. appendicibus bifidis. Capsula ovoidea carpophorum ter quaterve superans. Semina taberculato-rugosa. S. Fabaria affinis, que planta maritima surculis sterilibus dense foliosis, caulibus minus dichotome-ramosis, foliis in- ferioribus obovatis mucronatis crassioribus marginibus exas- peratis, calyce minus inflato breviore et vix venuloso, differt ; a S. thebana vix diversa. Hab. The peak of Zygos, in Greece, Haussknecht (1885). 17. Steve casta, Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Greece Prodr., i. p. 294; Fl. Greca, v. p. 12, t. 417; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 82. Geogr. imits.—N. and W. Mt. Velugo, in Livadia. S. Mt. Chelmos, in Morea. £, Island of Khio, in the Turkish Archipelago. 18. S. variecata, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. vil. p. 82; Desf., Cor. Tourn., p. 74, t. 56 (Lychnis) ; Rohrb.,. Monogr., p. 82. A precedenti distincta caulibus ad scapos pumilos reductis, floribus majoribus, petalorum lobis latioribus. Geogr. limits —N. Mt. Parnassus, in Livadia. S. Crete. ++ Calyx sub anthesi ore contracto. 19. S. amputnata, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 26;. Rohrb., Monogr, p. 82. Hab, Turkish Kurdistan. B. Calyx 20-nervius. a. Petala apice subintegra. 20. S. procumBens, Murr. in Comm. Gotting., vii. (1784) p. 83,,. t. 2; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 83. Adde : Folia lanceolata acuminata subtrinervia, nervo mediano: prominente, nervis lateralibus inconspicuis incompletis. B. OCHOTENSIS, Wright, in Herb. U.S. North Pacific Explor. Exped. (ined.). Caules plus minus cespitoso-adscendentes pubescenti-scabri- Folia scabra trinervia, nervis conformibus. Calyx campanu- latus, dentibus ovato-rotundis, apc MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 45 In all the specimens I have examined at Herb. Kew. and Herb. Mus. Brit., the leaves are acuminate and lanceolate rather than oblong-lanceolate, as stated by Rohrbach, and the midrib is prominent, and the two lateral nerves very faint: in the variety the three nerves are distinct, and the midrib is not more prominent than the lateral nerves. Geogr. limits—N. Along the R. Irtysch, near Semipalatinsk, Siberia. S. Desert of Soungaria, Central Asia. LE. Coast of Okhotzk, Siberia (var. 8). W. Banks of the R. Moskw4, in Central Russia (Clerc, ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., ll. p. 51). 21. Sitenz Pumixio, Wulf. in Jacq. Fl. Austr., v. App., p. 26, t.2 (1778); Linn., Mant. Pl., i. (1767), p- 71 (Cucubalus) ; Tanfant, in Parl. Fl. Italiana, ix. p- 327 (Saponaria). Caules cespitosi simplices triarticulati glabri. Folia cum bracteis linearia obtusa ciliata, basin versus attenuata. Flores solitarii graciliter pedicellati. Calyx oblongo-campanulatus umbilicatus, pubescens pilis patentibus mollibus longis, eglan- dulosus, membranaceus, viridis totus et viridi violaceus, fructifer ellipsoideus ore late apertus 18-22 mm. longus; tenuissime reticuloso-venosus, nervis tenuibus commissuralibus subobso- letis; lobis ovatis obtusis rotundatis ciliolatis. Petala indivisa, Unguibus inclusis, appendicibus setaceis. Capsula ovato- cylindrica subsessilis carpophoro glaberrimo. Semina dorso obtuse canaliculata, faciebus plana marginata, levia. This plant has been shifted about from one genus to another, chiefly on a of the presumed absence of commissural nerves. It would be very Convenient to include it in Saponaria owing to its 3-styled ovary. © Nervation of the calyx is at best very faint and indistinct, but the oo of commissural nerves at the base, especially on the inner the indivi demonstrable, and quite as apparent as the interlacing of ibe ni ual nerves, Taking into consideration its general habit and ta whi iracters, it is therefore reasonable to refer the species to the genus e1 1t was placed by Wulfen. The species is usually included in the pel Italian floras, but all the localities given are now in Austrian Tritory, . sh S. pumila, St. Lag. in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, vii. (1880) Geogr, limits.—N. Moravia. HE. Transylvania. S. Carniola. W. Tyrol. 46 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. b. Petala bifida vel bipartita. 22. Strene Tuorel, Duf. in Ann. Set. Nat., Sér. I. v. (1825), p. 84; Retchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5120 (S. inflata var. glauca); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 83. Adde: Planta cespitosa glauca, floribus sub anthesi cernuis. Petala bicallosa (appendicibus non instructa). Geogr. limits —N. Depart. of Basses-Pyrénées, on the coast between Bayonne and Biarritz. S. and E. Catalonia (Vayreda, ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., ii. p. 51). W. San Sebastian, in prov. of Biscay (Lange, in Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 670). 23. S. maritima, With., Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. III. ii. p. 414 (1796); Syme, Engl. Botany, ed. III. ii. p. 57, t. 200; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 84. Adde syn. S. Bastardi, Bor. in Bull. Soc. Dauph. (1888), p. 64. S. ameena, Hill, Veg. Syst., xiii. p. 55. —forma angustifolia. Syn. S. stenophylla, Plan., Fl. Gall., p. 121. S. maritima var. angustifolia, J. Gay, Herb. in Herb. Kew. B. MonTANA, Arrand. (sp.) in Bull. Soc. Polym. du Morbihau (1863). Folia angustiora. Semina minora, aliter insculpta. The Icelandic specimens collected by Mr. Backhouse in 1885 are more stunted, and the base of the stems more woody : they differ in this respect from Mr. Babington’s more typical specimens collected in 1846. Geogr. linuits—N. and EH. Kola Peninsula, in Lapland (ea: Nym. Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., ui. p. 51). S. Morocco. W. Iceland ; along the coast. 24. S. crareosa, Jord., Pugill. Pl. Nov. in Mém. Acad. Nat. Lyon (1851), p. 242; Willk., Ic. Deser. Pl. Rar. Hisp., i. p. 38, t. 22; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 668 (S. inflata var. glareosa). Caules cespitosi laxe adscendentes pumili glabri superne ramosi tortuosi. Folia glaucescentia basi attenuata, radicalia oblonga fere spathulata tamen acuta, superiora ramealia anguste lanceolata; bractew scariose. Cyms dichotome ramis =—_— MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 47 inequalibus paucifloris. Calyx ovato-ellipticus umbilicatus, dentibus late triangularibus obtusiusculis. Petala alba bifida, appendicibus bilobis. Capsula ovato-globosa carpophorum ter superans. Semina rotundata tuberculatomuricata, dorso convexa, faciebus plana. AS. inflata differt presertim inflorescentia seriore, calyce minus inflato, petalis coronatis, caulibus humilioribus magis diffusis, foliis angustioribus glaucescentibus. Geogr. limits—N. and E. Depart. of Rhéne; near Lyons. S. Cadaques, in prov. Catalonia. W. Bielsa, in prov. Aragon. 25. Sitene tata, Smith, Fl. Brit., p. 467 (1800); Syme, Engl. Botany, ed. III. ii. p. 56, t. 199; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 84 (S. Cucubalus). Adde syn. S. amcena, Huds., Fl. Anglica, ed. I. p. 164; S. crispata, Stev.; S. Cserei, Schur (non Baumg.); S. Ante- lopum, Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. II. i. p. 450; 8. sersuensis, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant., p- 209; S. vulgaris, Garcke, Fl. Nord. Mitt. Deutschl., ed. IX. p. 64 (1869). 8. ctutara, Lange, in Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel., 1865 (1866), P. M1 (Pugill. Pi., p. 306); Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., ii. p. 668. Folia utrinque puberula, margine aspero-ciliata, inferiora elliptico-ovata. Petala rosea, calyce parum longiora. . Syn. 8. puberula, Jord. in Bor. Fl. Cent. France, ed. IIf. i. p. 94, % ALPINA, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 87; S. alpina, Thomas, Cat. (1837), p. 45; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Rar. Hisp., i. p. 38, t. 23. Adde syn. S. brachyantha, Schur (non Schott). Ez syn. 8. glareosa, est species propria. ‘aia substitute for this old-established name of the plant that of S. Cucu- silicisd W; only indefensible, but inaccurate. Rohrbach, in his monograph, neighh ’ibel 8 name for the species, but as the specific name is that of a Were other genus, it is hardly admissible, as well as pedantic ; even if it inflatus Sevan tes a still older name (by three years) is “ Cucubalus Smith . nae ¢ Prodr. Stirp.,’ p. 302), published in 1796, which name brbechts in transferring the species to Silene. With respect to (‘Journ Li change of name, the following note by the late Mr. Ball triviale - inn. Soc.,’ xvi. 1877, p. 356), is much to the point :—“ Nomen i solo a pnnibus fere botanicis receptum cl. Rohrbach infauste mutavit. Vv . sntiquitatis jure legamur, Silene vulgaris erit. Nomen ‘ Behen ms” (in Moench, Method.), est enim Wibeliano pluribus annis 48 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. antiquins.” Where a correct and suitable name has thus been in general circulation for nearly 70 years, nothing is to be gained by substituting for it an obscure and unsuitable name which happens to occur in an almost forgotten flora published less than a year before. The citation as given in Rohrbach’s synonymy of the species is erroneous, being the page of the ‘ English Flora’ (1824), instead of the correct. one of the ‘ Flora Britannica ’ (1800). Geogr. limits.—N. and E. Siberia. S. Hindostan. W. Ireland; county of Kerry (Moore, Cybele Hibernica). 26. SILENE commutata, Guss., Fl. Sicule Prodr., i. p. 499 (1827), et Fl. Sicule Syn., i. p.- 485; Cusin et Ansb., Herb. Fl. Frang., iv. (1869), t. 554; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 86 (S. Cucubalus var. commutata). Caules ascendentes, simplices vel e basi ramosi, robusti, glabri. Folia glauca glabra, inferiora ovata interdum ciliata, intermedia subcordato-ovata, superiora elliptica vel ovato- lanceolata, omnia longe mucronata margine cartilaginea ; bractew herbacew foliis conformes minores, prophylla scariosa,. Flores, etiam alares, longe pedicellati, sub anthesi nutante:;, in cymam corymbosam dispositi. Calyx ovoideus umbilicatus;, dentibus ovato-triangularibus obtusis. Petala alba, unguibus superne dilatatis subexsertis, lamind obovataé biloba, lobis oblongo-linearibus, coroné ad duo tubercula reducta. Capsuld ovoideo-globosa carpophorum ter superans. Semina granulata dorso faciebusque plano-subconvexa. 4 A S. inflaté differt foliis latioribus basi seepe cordatis, calyc} minus globoso, seminibus granulatis. B. Lonaironia, Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. (1878"}) Folia omnia basi attenuata lanceolato-linearia longe acutate }, superiora e basi rotundata longe acuminata. Flores magni. | Geogr. limits. —N. Corsica (Pouzolz, ex Gren. et Godr., Fl. ¢ France, i. p. 202). | S. Cyprus (Kotschy, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., vi p- 629). E. Near Elizabethpol, in Trans - Caucas®js (Hohenacker, ex Ledeb., Fl. Rossica, Mi W. Gibraltar (Willk. et Lanye, Prodr. Ft. ITisp., iii. p. 669). MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 49 27. Sinene Cserel, Baumg., Enum. Transsilv., p. 345 (1816) ; Lindm. in Act. Hort. Bergian., i. (1891) n. 6. p. 14, f. 34) (sphalmate, ‘‘S. Fabaria ’’). Caules flexuosi glabri. Folia cordato-lanceolata in apicem attenuata, mucronulata, glabra, carnosula; bractes et prophyila lanceolate: albo-membranaces. Cyma semel dichotoma, ramis longissimis flexuosis ob ramulum alterum dichotomie in vicem abbreviatuam racemoso-cymuliferis; flores subnutantes calyce longius pedicellati. Calyx anguste campanulatus in petiolum attenuatus glaucescens, dentibus triangulari-ovatis obtusis albo- marginatis apice lanuginosis, fructifer e basi breviter turbinata ampliato-ovatus apice leviter contractus. Petala alba bipartita tcoronata, lobis lineari-cuneatis emarginatis. Capsula ovata carpophorum )-6-plo superans. Semina seriatim tuberculata, dorso plano-convexa, faciebus subconcava. This species was wrongly sunk in 8. Fabaria by Rohybach ; among other + resentiad characters the calyx has 20 nerves (not 10), as pointed out by indman, ne Transylvania; and Mt. Sulucu, in Dobrudscha, Janka 6). 2. Petala, unguibus non auriculatis, fimbriato-multifida. 28. §. PHYSALODES, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. P83; Roheb., Monogr., p. 88. Inflorescenti, briaté distincta, Hab. Near Ceresarea Philippi (Banias), in N. Palestine. a S. rowprtata, Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 908 (1806); Rohrb., onogr., p. 88 (S. multifida). im, Lychnis Behen, etc., Bub. Pl. Cent. iii. p. 31, t. 57 petalis minutis, pedicellis refractis, a S. fim- Cacubalus fimbriatus, Gueldenst. Reise, ii. p. 24 (1791); C. mois: ultifidns, Adams, in Herb. Banks; C. multifidus, Weber et rag Beitr., 1. p. 57 (1805); C. fimbriatus, Bieb., Fl. Taur.- Ws i. p. 333 (1808), Scago fimbriata, Hornem. Hort. Hafu., i. p. 409 (1813). fit. 1. p It is not Worth while to change Sims’s name, since all the literature tion, ang ane the plant is under this name ; it has been Jong in cireula- of the nie ‘Shame it is known in most of the floras, so that the adoption * Proposed by Rohrbach would only cause confusion in @ genus UNy, . JOURN.—Borany, VOL. XXXII. D 50 MR. Ff. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. in which the synonymy is already sufficiently involved. In S. lacera, which is given as a variety of this species, the ovary is not trilocular at the base, so that it must be transferred to Melandryum, and appears to be near Melandryum Elizabethe. Hab. In the mountains of Lazistan, Russian Armenia, and the Caucasus. 30. Smene campanutata, S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad., x. (1875) p. 341; B.L. Robinson, l.c., xxviii. (1898) p. 187. Caulis erectus, simplex vel apice dichotome ramosus, glandu- loso-pubescens. Folia ovata vel lanceolata. Flores solitarii vel pauci, nutantes, breviter pedicellati. Calyx viridis, campanu- latus, profunde dentatus, superne reticulato-venosus, dentibus late ovatis, obtusiusculis. Petala angusta 4-partita, lobis ad medium bifidis seu lateralibus integris vel emarginatis, appen- dicibus oblongis carnosis integris. Filamenta villosa exserta. Capsula suborbicularis, breviter stipitata. a. LATIFOLIA. Folia ovata acuta. Petala albo-viridula. i Syn. 8. campanulata var. Greenei, S. Wats. herb. ap. B. Lj Robinson, l.c. Hab. Cafionville, in Oregon, and Yreka, in California. B. ANGUSTIFOLIA. Planta leviter glanduloso-pubescens. Foli« lanceolata acuminata. Petala carnea. Hab. Mendocino County and Humboldt County, in Nort}; California. J According to Robinson the broad-leaved is the commoner form, so tha this is here considered as the type of the species. Subgenus II. CONOSILENE. Calyx 20-30-vel 60-nervius, nervis haud anastomosantibus|if| fructifer e basi ampliata, apicem versus attenuatus. Floregit| in dichasio simplici vel composito, seepe ramo altero abbreviat#il et alterius in axillé ramo accessorio evoluto, rarius flor solitarii. Herbs annue. a. Calyx 20-nervius. 31. S. ammopuita, Bozss. et Heldr. , Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. § vill. p. 82; Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl. p- 90; Rohrb., Monog p. 89. Hab. The islands of Crete and Gaidaronisos. AIST eee em ea ee ie Maio MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. ol 32. SILENE contrLoRA, Nees, ex DC. Prodr., i. p. 371; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 89. . PoRPUREA, Fenzl. Caulis a medio ramosus, scabro-pubes- cens. Calyx dentibus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis. Petala purpurea. Syn. S. molopica var. purpurea, Fenzl, in Herb. Kew. Hab. Near Aleppo. Geogr. limits —N. Kisil-Arwat, in Russian Turkestan (1884). Ji. Ssertschah, in Persia. S. Ruins of Persepolis, in Persia. W. Tafilah, in Palestine. b. Calyx 30-nervius. a. Capsula carpophoro brevi stipitata. 33. S. susconica, Friw. in Flora, xviii. (1835) p. 334; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 90. Adde: Filamenta basi villosa. Differt a S. juvenali calyce angustiori et longiori, petalorum unguibus exsertis, capsula stipite longiori suffulta. There is no necessity for citing S. conica, Hampe, (non Linn.) as a synonym, as the context is sufficiently clear. Geogr. limits—N. and W. Servia (ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Europ.). . Philippopolis, in E. Rumelia. S. Mekri, in Greece. 34. 8. JuvEnatis, Delile, Ind. Sem. Hort. Monsp. (1836) p. 28; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 90. Planta S. conicd Sepius major, cymis laxioribus, floribus longins pedicellatis, calyce breviori latiori, lamind ampla, capsula breviori stipitata. So called from Port J uvenal, near Montpellier, where it was first dis- Covered, having been accidentally introduced from the East, but has not 2 met with since, Geogr. limits—N. Boli, in Anatolia. #. Kara-Khoi, in prov. Siwas. S. Elmala, in Anatolia. W. Near Volo, in Thessaly, at the base of Mt. Pelion (Heldreich (1883), ee Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., ii. p. 56). ; a rc) 52 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 8. Capsula sessilis. + Filamenta pubescentia. 35. SILENE LypIA, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 37 3 Rohrb., Monogr., p. 91. Affinis S. juvenali, que tamen calyce breviore umbilicato, # capsula stipitata seminumque forma diversa est. Geogr. limits —W. Near Smyrna, in Anatolia. E. Arjish-Dagh (Mt. Argzeus), in prov. Kara ff | mania. | 36. S. Sartorn, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 11} v. p. 53; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 91. # Differt a S. conicd caulibus prostatis, foliis obtusis pinguibus') levibus. es Geogr. limits —N. and W. Rhaphti, near Athens (Heldreich et Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., ii. p. 56). S. and H. Islands of Milo and Mykoni, in the f) Greek Archipelago. ia\ 37. S. conica, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 418; Syme, Engl, | Bot., ed. IIT. ii. p. 58, t. 26.3 Rohrb., Monogr, p. 91. \ Inflorescentia breviter corymbosa vel abortu alterius ex| i axibus secundariis unilateraliter spicata, vel uniflora. de Geogr. limits—N. and E. Between Tobolsk and Tomsk, in!) Siberia, 58°. Wt S. Algeria. W. Spain; prov. of Old Castile. +t Filamenta glabra. 38. S. conorpEa, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 418; Reichb., Ict | Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5062* ; Rohrb. , Monogr., p- 92. j Forma OBCORDATA ; Rohrb., Monogr, p- 92; lamina majoy obcordata. Syn. S. conoidea var. obcordata, Botss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 580. i B. GLABRESCENS, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 580; Rohrb., Monogr, p. 92. Glabra; rostrum capsule abbrevistwa: i Rohrbach says that the species is not found in Italy, but it is includes 3 * The names of “ conoidea”’ and “conica”” have been inadvertentl transposed on the plates. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 53 by Tanfani in Parlatore’s ‘ F]. Italiana,’ and it is also found about Nice, in the adjoining French department of Alpes-Maritimes. Geogr. limits.—E. Tsaidam Mts., in prov. of Tangut, long. 96° (Maximowicz). W. Andalusia, in Spain. N. Montélimar, in the department of Drome, 45°. (Villars, ex Gren. and Godr., Fl. de France, i. p. 205.) S. Mt. Sinai, 28°. 39. Strene mubtinervia, S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxv. (1890) p. 126; B. L. Robinson, l.c., xxviii. (1893) p. 131. Caulis parce ramosus, erectus, glanduloso-pubescens. Folia inferiora oblanceolata, obtusa, superiora lineari-oblonga vel linearia acuta ; bractes lineares acute. Calyx anguste ovatus, dentibus acuminatis purpureo-marginatis. Petala purpuras- centia emarginata. Capsula oblongo-ovata inclusa. Semina minuta tuberculata. Californian botanists are inclined to regard this as an introduced plant, and Davidson (in Erythea, i. p. 58), reduces it to S. conoidea, a species which differs in its larger flowers, acute radical leaves, and globular rostrated capsule. | Hab. California. 40. S. ampnortna, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant., p. 330. | Caulis ramosus adscendens, tenuis, brevissime _hirtello- puberulus. Folia parva, inferiora spathulata, superiora linearia, plus minus ciliata basi lanata; bractew valde equales, lineares. Calyx florifer turbinatus, fructifer e si ampliaté ovato-conicus, umbilicatus, dentibus herbaceis gularibus barbulato-ciliatis. Petala purpurea bipartita, bus exsertis glabris, appendicibus bifidis acutis. Capsula Globosa longe rostrata glabrescens carpophoro sublongior. a badia, compressa, dorso profunde canaliculata, faciebus laniuscula alis duabus undulatis marginatis. Hab. Algeria; Oued Cherilla, base of the Filfila. ce. Calyx 60-nervius. 41. S. macroponta, Bows., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. Li. p. 37 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 92. | 8B. Pampnyuica, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 581; Boiss. et Heldr. (sp.), Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 82. Lamina amplior Magis exserta : capsula ovata. 54 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Species inflorescentise ramulis stricte cymosis, axibus secun- dariis plus minus elongatis, capsulé eA S. conic longiori angus- tiorique. Geogr. limits—N. Modurlu, in Anatolia. S. Cyprus. E. Prov. Aleppo. W. Elmalnu, in Anatolia. Subgenus IIT. HUSILENE. Calyx semper 10-nervius, vel evenius vel nervis anastomo- F santibus, nunquam vesicarie inflatus, fructifer autem supra 4 carpophorum sepe a capsulé maturescente distentus. Inflores- a centia valde varians. Species annus, biennes, vel perennes. Sectio I. Crycrnnosiuene. Flores in cincinnis plus minus laxis (racemis secundis scor- — Ppioideis) simplicibus vel geminatis, breviter vel raro longe — pedicellati vel subsessiles, interdum primo dichasium simplex % vel duplex formantes, dichasii deinde ramis scorpioideis. — Herbe annue vel biennes, pauce perennes. : A. Species annus vel biennes. a. APTEROSPERME. Semina reniformia vel globosa, dorso nunquam alis undulatis marginato. Series 1. Dichotome. Flores in cincinnis geminatis brevissime pedicellati vel su sessiles, primo in dichasio simplici vel duplici, ramis dicha 2 lateralibus scorpioideis. Calyx evenius, fructifer apice con- tractus. Herbe interdum biennes. a. Semina faciebus plana. 42. SILene LAGENOCALYX, Fenzl, in Kotschy, Pl. Pers. Aus (1845); Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 587; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 93. Forma purpurea. Syn. 8. lagenocalyx var, purpurea, Boiss., Fl. Orient. i. p. Hab. S. Persia. Ge: 43. S. areca, Boiss. et Sprun., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I p- 36; Rohrb., Monogr. p. 93. ~ MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 979) Facies S. Behen a qua differt inflorescentia, calyce haud venoso-reticulato, capsulaé angustiore calycem distendente, petalisque. Geogr. limits —N. Epirus, in Turkey, Chodzes (1879). S. and E. Nome of Messenia, in Greece. W. Ionian Isles; Cephalonia. _ 44. Stvene picnotoma, Hhrh., Bettr., vii. p. 144; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5071; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 94. A. iBertca, Bieb., Fl. Taur. Cauc., i. p. 335 (sp.); Rohrd., Monogr., p. 94. Calyx glabrescens. Adde syn. 8. nocturna, Pall., Tabl. Taur., p. 50. Some specimens found in 1880 near Deventer, in Holland, beyond the geographical limits, were probably introduced. Geogr. limits.—N. Moravia, in Austria. W. Montpellier, in S. France. S. and #H. Prov. of Talysch, in Trans- Caucasia. 45. 8. racemosa, Otth, in DO. Prodr., i. p. 384; Sibth., Fl. Greca, v. t. 414 (S. divaricata); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 95 (S. dichotoma var. racemosa). Caulis pluries et divaricatim dichotomus, pilis crispis canes- Folia oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, in petiolum barbato- bractese membranaces. Inflorescentize Calyx breviter cylindricns, fructifer ovato-oblongus, nervis viridibus, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, membranaceo-marginatis, setosis. Petala alba, rarius purpurea, bipartita, lobis obovatis, appendicibus minimis Capsula ovata carpophorum glabrum ter quaterve Semina rugoso-tuberculata, dorso subcanaliculata, eens. villosum attenuata ; rami divaricato-ramosi. obtusis. superans. faciebus plana. Syn. S. Thirkeana, C. Koch, in Linnea, xix. (1847) p. 56. f. BIGIBBOSA, mihi. Corona minima, appendicibus ad duas squamulas vel gibbos reductis. Syn. S. dichotoma, Sibth., Fl. Greca, v. p. 10, t. 413; S. sessiliflora, Poir., Encyc. Suppl., v. p. 154, et Herb.; S. Sibthor- piana, Reichd., Fl. Germ. Exc., p. 815 (in nota) ; s. racemosa var. Sibthorpiana, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 589. Species a S. dichotomdé racemis longis laxis divaricatis, calyce 8-10 mm. tantum longo, petalis profundius bipartitis, capsula ovata, differre videtur. ob MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. yj. cAUCASICA, mihi. Rami graciles. Pedunculi florum lon- giores. Calyx brevior. Styli longe exserti. Forma minus canescens. (Radde, exsicc. (1893), n. 674). Syn. S. dichotoma var. gracilis, Albof’, Enum. Pl. Transcauc. Oceid., p. 32 (1895). Hab. Circassia. 6. EUXINA, Rupr., Fl. Caucasi, p. 184; Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 92. Planta biennis. Caules numerosi, laterales decumbentes. Folia basilaria lanceolato-spathulata. Semina minora. Geogr. limits—N. Between Poti and Batoum, in Trans- Caucasia (var. euxina). S. Palestine. E. Persia; between Teheran and Tabreez. W. Slivno, in E. Rumelia (Skorpil, ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl. ii. p. 54). b. Semina faciebus curvato-excavata. 46, SILENE VESPERTINA, Retz., Obs. Bot., ii. p. 31; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 44, t. 294; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 95. From Retzius’s description this plant is certainly identical with S. hirsuta, Poir., and S. hispida, Desf. By authors it is often confused with S. sericea, which, however, differs from it in habit and in the remarkable form of the seeds. Itis also near S. hirsuta, Lag. (= S. laxiflora, Brot.), which latter is distinguished by cincinni simple never geminate, fructiferous calyx not. contracted above with ovate obtuse teeth, and claws of the petals exserted. Geogr. linits.—N. Near Trieste, in Istria. S. N. Algeria. E. Crete. W. Portugal (ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., p. 96). 47. S. pisticna, Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol., p. 476, et herb., n. 8660; Schrank, Pl. Rar., t. 39 (micropetala); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 96. Adde syn. 8. hirsuta, Schousb. ex Ball, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xvi. (1877) p. 356. S. pilosa, Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol., p. 476 (in herb. abest). Geogr. limits —N. and E. Minorca, in the Balearic Isles. S. Algeria. W. Portugal (Daveav, Magn. Fl. Sel., exs. n. 1382). MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENR. 57 Series 2. Scorpiotdee. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus ; interdum infra florem axis primarie terminalem unilateraliter ramus scorpioidens evolutus, ita ut stirps dichotoma esse videatur, dichotomia autem nun- quam florigera. A. Semina reniformia faciebus curvato-excavata, dorso (exc. S. gallica et 8. Giraldit) obtuse canaliculata. a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. a. Filamenta basi villosa ; calyx evenius. 4€, Stuene Gaucica, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 417; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 96. Species per totam fere orbem terrarum aufuga ob formas pro diverso climate et substratu habitu sspe valde distantes difficillime describenda. In Europa media et australi indigena, ad totius fere orbis terrarum littora translata et quasi spon- tanea. (1) Forma genuina, calyx florifer pilis adpressis, fructifer erectis vel patentibus. —S. gallica, Linn., Sp. Plaut., ed. I. p. 417; All. Fl. Pedem. ili. t. 79, fig. 3. (2) Forma pilosior, calyx fructifer pilis horizontaliter patentibus. — S. lusitanica, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 416; Dill. Hort. Eltham., p. 420, t. 311, fig. 401. (3) Forma ramosior minus pilosa, calyx fructifer pilis reflexis. — S. anglica, Linn., Sp. Plant.,ed.I. p. 416; Syme, Eng. Bot., ed. III. ii. p. 60, t. 202. (4) Forma floribus ad ramosum apicem in glomerulos scorpi- oideos 5~10-floros aggregatis. —S. pygmea, Link, in Hort. Erfurt. (1838); ex Rolrb., lic., 98. (5) Forma cincinnis duplicibus. — §. Haenkeana, Presl, in Rel. Haenk., ii. p. 19 (sp. ??). (6) Forma, petalorum macula puniceo-sanguinea limbo albido. — 8. quinquevulnera, Linn., Sp. Plant. ed. I. p. 416; Syme, Engl. Bot., ed. III. ii. p. 60, t. 203. 58 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE., Geogr. limits —N. Germany. W. Portugal. S. The Lesser Oasis (El Bahariyeh), in Lower Egypt (Ascherson, in Mém. Inst. Egypt., 11. (1889) p. 46). E. Western Caucasus (Nordmann, ex Ledeb., Fl. Rossica, i. (1842) p. 815). B. Filamenta glabra. + Calyx evenius. 49. Sinene Giratpu, Guss., Pl. Inarim., p. 36, t.1 (1855) ; Rohrb., Monogr.. p. 98. Hab. District of Naples; and Magdalena Archipelago, between Corsica and Sardinia (Vaccari, in Malpighia, 1894, p. 233). + + Calyx striis anastomosantibus. 50. S. cerastioives, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I.p.117; Sibth., Fl. Greca, v. p. 9, t. 412; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 98. Auctoribus cum 8. gallicdé confusa, differt autem calycis striis anastomosantibus, filamentis glabris, capsula rostrata. Syn. 8. tridentata, Bovss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 93 (nec Desf.). Ex syn. 8. articulata = S. gallica. Geogr. limits—N. The Alps of Carinthia. E. Anatolia. W. Near Madrid. S. Egypt, on the coast (Asch. et Schweinf. in Mém. Inst. Egypt. 11. (1889) p. 46). 51. S. canycina, Salz., It. Hisp. Tingit.; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 51, t. 36 (S. tridentata) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 99 (S. tridentata). Species priori valde affinis differt habitu majore, floribus majoribus subsessilibus nec pedicellatis, calycis sub anthesi latioris dentibus longioribus, petalis inclusis et capsule forma. Petala nunquam tridentata, Syn. §S. coarctata, Lag. (vide Willk., Prodr. Fl. Hisp., suppl., p. 279 [1893}). In this plant the petals are invariably bifid: for this reason Salzmann’s later name has been substituted for Desfontaines’s erroneous and inaccurate name of “S. tridentata.”’ MR. F. N, WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 59 Geogr. limits.—S. and W. Canary Isles. N. and EF, Near Lerida, in prov. of Catalonia, Spain (Gonzales, ex Willk. et Lge., Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii, p. 648). b. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. a. Filamenta basi villosa. 52, SILENE REFLEXA, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 11. iii. p. 86, (1813); Tenore, Fl. Narolitana, t. 230 (S. neglecta); Rohrb., Monogr., p.99. Valde affinis S. nocturne, a qua calyce evenio ejusque denti- bus linearibus herbaceis, petalis emarginatis, filamentis basi villosis, capsula ovato-oblonga, differt. Geogr. limits.—N. Fréjus, in the depart. of Var, France. S. and W. Algeria. E. Calabria. B. Filamenta glabra. + Capsula oblonga subsessilis. 53. S. Nocturna, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 416; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helw., n. 5059; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 100. Syn. S. Boullui, Jord. ex Mars., Cat. Pl. Cors., p. 28. S. gallica (non Linn.), Groves, Fl. Terr. Otrant., in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., xix. (1887) p. 130. S. apetala (non Willd.), Groves, L.c. S. decipiens, Ball, in Journ. Bot. xi. (1873) p. 301. B. Lasiocatyx, Soy-Will., Sil. Alg., p. 20; Rohkrb., Monoqr., p. 101. Varietas calyce lanuginoso. y. ROSEA, Haussk. in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver. Heft v. (1893) p. 52. Folia inferiora et intermedia spathulata mucronulata. rescentia laxior. Petala rosea. Hab. Eleusis in the nome of Attica, and near Corinth. Geogr. limits.—N. Liguria, in Italy. E. Palestine. S. and W. Canary Isles. 54. S. BracuypeTaLa, Rob. et Cast. in DC., Fl. Frang., v. p. 607 (1815); Reichb., Ic. F2. Germ. Helv., n. 5058; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 101 (S. nocturna var. brachypetala). Tnflo- 60 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Syn. S. nocturna var. brachypetala, Benth., Cat. Pl. Pyren., p. 122 (1826). S. apetala (non Willd.), Groves, Contrib. Fl. Terr. Otrant., in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., ix. (1877) p. 54. Caulis erectus, simplex vel e basi alternatim ramosus, scabride puberulus superne viscidulus. Folia spathulato - lanceolata lanceolatave, pubescentia, inferiora basi sepe longe ciliata; bractere ovate herbacew ciliate inequales. Flores plus minus distantes. Calyx tubulosus, fructifer oblongus, pilis brevibus ad nervos virides superne anastomosantes paullum longioribus, scabridus, dentibus lanceolatis acutis margine scariosis ciliatis ; petala alba subtus viridia raro purpurea albo-marginata cuneata emarginata ecoronata subinclusa. Capsula cylindrica carpophorum puberulum sexies superans. Semina dorso mar- gine tuberculata. f. PERMIXxTA, Jord. (sp.) Pugill. Plant. Nov., in Mém. Acad. Lyon, (1851) p. 243; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 69, t. 50 a (S. nocturna var. micrantha); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 101. Geogr. limits—N. Narbonne, in the depart. of Aude. S. Algeria. E. Pompeiopolis, in Cilicia. W. Teneriffe. ++ Capsula carpophorum bis terve superans, vel fere sequans. 55. SILENE REMOTIFLORA, Vis., F'l. Dalmatica, iii. p. 166, t. 53 (1852); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 101. Hab. Near Gelsa, in Dalmatia. 56. S. oprusirouia, Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol., p. 473, et Herb., n. 8629; Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fasc. iv.(1890) p. 125, t. 79; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 102. Adde syn. S. mauritanica, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant., p. 328 (1874). Geogr. limits—N. Near Faro, in prov. Algarve, Portugal. S. and W. Canary Isles. E. Lower Egypt. 5¢. S. wirsuta, Lag., Varied. de Cienc. (1805) p. 212; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 43, t. 29; Rohrb., Monogr., p- 102. Adde syn. S. hispida, Salzm. ex Ball, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xvi. (1877) p. 358. Geogr. limits.—Spain and Portugal. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON JHE GENUS SILENE. 61 58. SILENE POMPEIOPOLITANA, J. Gay, ea Boiss., Fl. Orient., p. 595; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 103. Hab. Ruins of Pompeiopolis, on the coast of Cilicia, near Mersina. 59. S. MoGADORENSIS, Coss. et Bal. in Bal., Pl. Maroce. Exsice. (1867), ap. Coss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., xxii. (1875) p. 55; et Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 126, tt. 80, 81. Caules 20-60-centim. longi, solitarii v. plures, seepius a basi vel infra medium ramosi, erecti vel laterales adscendentes, pubescenti-glandulosi. Folia inferiora obovato-oblonga, obtusa, in petiolum attenuata, pilis brevissimis quasi punctata, margine ciliata, ciliis inferioribus seepius elongatis, media et superiora sepius longius supescentia et ciliata oblongo-lanceolata vel lanceolata acuta, in var. 8 oblonga vel obvato-oblonga obtusa. Bractez inferiores conformes, superiores valde inzequales lineari- lanceolate vel lineares cum pedicellis et calycibus plus minus pubescenti-glandulose. Flores erecti vel suberecti, inferioribus seepius longe superioribus brevius vel brevissime pedicellatis, in pseudoracemos terminales geminatos, rarius_solitarios, simplices vel bifidos, subsecundos, laxos 4~-9-floros dispositi. Calyx tubuloso-infundibuliformis truncato-umbilicatus, fractifer infra capsulam constrictus, pubescenti-glandulosus, membran- aceus, nervis virentibus vel rubescentibus, superne vix anas~ tomosantibus, dentibus ovatis obtusiusculis membranaceo- marginatis ciliatis. Petala purpurascentia bipartita, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis ovato-oblongis subintegris vel erosulis. Capsula cylindraceo-oblonga carpophorum glabrum fere bis superans. a. GENUINA. Planta dense pubescenti-glandulosa pube pilis numerosis elongatis permixta. Folia caulina oblongo-lanceolata vel lanceolata apice sensim acutata. Syn. S. canariensis, Otth, im DC. Prodr., i. p. 372. S. corrugata, Ball, in Journ. Bot., xi. (1873) p. 301, et Spicil. Fl. Maroce. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xvi. (1877) p. 359. S. adusta, Ball, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xvi. (1877) p. 360. f. oprustrouta, Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 127, t. 81. Planta parcius pubescenti-glandulosa pilis minus inequalibus. Folia caulina oblonga vel obovato-oblonga obtusa. 62 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. oy. MACROSPERMA, Coss, Illustr. Fl. Altlant., fase. iv. (1890) p- 127. Planta sparse pubescenti-glandulosa pilis parum inequalibus, Folia caulina obtusa. Calyx amplior, fructifer superne oblongo-subclavatus. Semina maxima dorso evidentius canaliculata. Hab. Marocco. 60. SILENE PALESTINA, Borss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 80; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 103. B. pAMASCENA, Boiss. et Gaill. (sp.) Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I: vi. p. 84; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 103. In the specimens sent to Rohrbach by Boissier himself as authentic, the capsule is found sometimes to be twice the length of the carpophore (as under the name of S. damascena), at another time nearly equal to it, so that in this character it cannot be distinguished from 8S. siderophila, Boiss. et Gaill., and as S. damascena can only be considered as a variety of S. palestina, S. siderophila is reduced to a synonym. In FI. Orient., suppl., p. 94, Boissier coincides with this view of the species—‘ Huic speciei S. damascenam et S. siderophilam ut varietates cl. Rohrbach con- jungit quod ulterioribus observationibus mihi comprobandum esse videtur.”’ Geogr. limits—N. Mt. Lebanon (var. damascena). E. Near Damascus (var. damascena). S. and W. Gaza, on the coast of Syria. 61. 8. arriyis, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. i. p. 72; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 104. Differt a S. villosé floribus sub anthesi breviter nec calyci sequilonge pedicellatis, calycis brevioris dentibus elongatis obtusis, petalorum lobis linearibus, capsuld ovata, seminum duplo majorum forma diversissima. As Rohrbach points out, Boissier in Fl. Orient., i. p. 593, misquotes himself in citing S. affinis as a MS. name. The reason, however, why he re-named the plant S. arabica was his recognition of S. affinis, Godr., as a good species (‘ Fl. Juven.,’ ed. I. p. 9), which latter Rohrbach shows is in no way to be distinguished from S. micropetala, so that Boissier’s s first name is one to be restored, which Rohrbach has done. Hab. At the base of Mt. Sinan. B. Semina reniformia valde compressa, faciebus concaviuscula, dorso acute canaliculata. a. Calycis striae anastomosantes, vel superne conjuncte. a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. 62. S. BREVISTIPES, sp. nov. Caules 35-40 centim. simplices vel parce ramosi, centralis MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE, 63. erectus, laterales adscendentes, pilis crispulis vestiti. Folia oblanceolato-spathulata mucronata puberula parce ciliata, basi in petiolum attenuata, apice rotundata, superiora angustiora, omnia uninervia; bractes lineari-lanceolate acute lanuginoso- ciliate. Flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx tubulosus inferne haud umbilicatus, fructifer ampliato ovoideus infra capsulam vix attenuatus, nervis viridibus superne vend unica conjunctis, pilis longis confervoideis patentibus vestitis, inter nervos autem scabrido-puberulus, dentibus Janceolatis acuminatis albo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala e calyce exserta bipartita lobis lineari-oblongis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovata subsessilis, carpophorum glabrum multies superans.—Valde affinis S. maroc- cane, ab e& primo autem dignoscenda calyce fructifero apice contracto, preterea differt foliis oblanceolato-spathulatis mucro- natis, bracteis lanuginoso-ciliatis, petalorum lobis latioribus, carpophoro glabro brevissimo; a S. setaced differt jam primo aspectu, calycis nervis confervoideis, etc. Described from specimens sent by Rev. R. P. Murray. Hab. Near Laguna, Teneriffe, Rev. R. P. Murray (June, (1892). B. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. Of the next species described by Rohrbach (No. 46), which is 8. ligulata, Viv., Lusus I = S. setacea. Lusus 2 = S. sericea a. pubicalycina. 63. Sirene canopica, Botss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 596; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 105 (S. biappendiculata, Ehrenb.) ; Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fasc. iv. (1890) t. 79 (semina). Differt a S. setaced, foliis oblongis vel oblongo-linearibus non anguste linearibus, calycis dentibus obtusis, nervis com- missuralibus superne latius venulis anastomosantibus reticu- latis, petalis purpurascentibus, lobis oblongo-linearibus superne latioribus, seminibus majoribus dorso, profundius et angustius canaliculatis, canaliculo utrinque marginato, marginibus angustis planis vel subundalatis. Rohrbach suppressed the name of S. caxopica, misled by the erroneous supposition that the specimens from Denderah (Monogr., p. 110), thus labelled and distributed by Sieber were authentic, whereas this plant of Sieber’s is S. villosa, Forsk., a species which does not occur at or near Abotikir, the present name of the ancient Canopus. Ehrenberg’s authentic specimens of “ S. biappendiculata,” and Delile’s authentic specimens of 64 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. ‘8. canopica,” which are in the Montpellier herbarium, are, according to Schweinfurth, identical plants; but the descriptions of these specimens were not published till 1867, and in each case posthumously. Delile’s plant was described by Boissier (FJ. Orient., i. p. 596), and Ehrenberg’s plant was described by Rohrbach (Bot. Zeit., xxv. (1867) p. 82) ; Rohrbach after- wards rejecting S. canopica, because he was unaware that Sieber’s specimens, which were the ones that he examined, were wrongly labelled. Therefore, in view of Rohrbach’s misapprehension of the identity of the species, the name taken up by Boissier is to be preferred as the name of the species, and Boissier’s description should be cited as the authority, since the specimens do not seem to have been adequately distributed. Hab. Lower Egypt; near Alexandria and Damietta. 64. Sirene Kuscuakewiczt, Regel et Schmalh. in Act. Hort. Petrop., v. (1877) p. 246. Caulis simplex, adscendens, geniculato-flexuosus, retrorso- puberulus. Folia obverse oblonga, acuta, integerrima, asperula, ramulorum sterilium in petiolum ima basi ciliatum attenuata. Flores initio subsessiles demum longe pedicellati. Pedunculi pedicelli calycesque pilis tenuibus albis confervoideo-crispis eglandulosis albido-villosuli. Calyx cylindrico-clavatus albido- membranaceus, nervis purpurascentibus apicem versus lateraliter anastomosantibus instructus, dentibus_ elliptico -lanceolatis obtusis late albo-marginatis. Petala alba bifida, unguibus paullulum exsertis, limbo obovato, lobis obovato-oblongis obtusis, appendicibus binis emarginatis. Hab. Near Wernoje, in Turkestan. 65. S. seracea, Viv., Fl. Lyb., p. 23, t. 12 (1824); Rohrb., Monogr, p. 105. Lusus 1. Caulis sepe ramosus; calyx inter nervos glaber nervis densissime hirsutis; ungues petalorum exserti. Adde syn. S. ligulata, Viv., Fl. Lyb., p. 24, t. 12; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 104, et in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 261. Lusus 2. Caulis humilior; flores paullum minores; calyx totus breviter pubescens; ungues petalorum inclusi. Adde syn. S. brachystachys, Webb, Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt, p. 34; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 109, et in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 261. Geogr. limits —N. Tunis. S. Nubia. E. Arabia Petrea. W. Djebel Tizelmi, in 8.W. Morocco. ™, MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 65 66. Sinene MARoccaNna, Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 130, t. 83. Caules 12-30 centim. longi, plures, graciles, simplices vel parce ramosi, centrali erecto lateralibus adscendentibus, rarius solitarit erecti. Folia linearia plana vel conduplicata rarius oblongo-Janceolata acuta, dense puberula; bractez lanceolate vel lineares, hispide ciliate. Flores erecti, breviter pedicellati, in pseudoracemos terminales simplices subsecundos 3-12-floros dispositi. Calyx tubulosus, fructifer cylindraceo-dilatatus infra capsulam constrictus, albido-membranaceus, inter nervos vix sub lente puberulus vel glabrescens, nervis longe villosis viridibus, dentibus Janceolato-triangularibus acutis albo-mar- ginatis ciliatis. Petala alba, profunde bipartita, lobis anguste linearibus, appendicibus binis ovatis, omnibus in tubum connatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula oblongo-cylindracea, carpophorum pilis retrorsis pubescens bis terve superans. Semina marginibus aleformibus latiusculis plus minus undulatis. A S. setacedé differt foliis sepius minus angustis, stipite capsulé bis terve breviore non paullo breviore, et imprimis seminum fabricd nempe sub lente vix striatula dorso profunde et anguste canaliculata, canaliculo in fundo haud_ tuberculato utrinque marginato, marginibus aleformibus latiusculis plus minus undulatis. Syn. S. getula, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant., p. 329. Hab. Marocco, Seignette (1870). b. Calyx striatus evenius. a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. 67. S. Hetpreicuu, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 81; Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 92; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 106. Adde: Calyx fructifer oblongus infra capsulam vaide con- strictus, dentibus carinatim nervosis. Capsula ovato-oblonga dentibus calycinis longe superata. Semina tuberculata. 7 Differt a S. dichotoméd jam primo aspectu caule simplic: nec dichotomo, bracteis herbaceis, floribus sessilibus, calycis dentibus elongatis. . Hab. Anatolia, near Adalia; and Cilicia Trachea, on the promontory of Alaya, Cape Anamour, and Mt. Yamourdabe- dagh. LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. F 66 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 68. Stuexe oxvoponva, Barbey, Herbor. au Levant, p. 121, t. 11 (1882). Caulis e basi ramosus, ramis adscendentibus pilis longis crispis griseo-pubescentibus. Folia inferiora oblongo-spathulata basi attenuata acuta; bracte herbacee oblongo-lineares acute basi dilatates. Flores subsessiles, inferiore alari. Calyx oblongus basi truncatus, nervis latis in cristas acutas prominentibus viridibus pilis crispis longis hirsutis, dentibus rigidis lanceo- latis acutis subrecurvis. Petala intense purpurea, magna obcordata, bifida, lobis obtusis, appendicibus binis minimis ovatis. Carpophornm cum ovarii } parte equilongum. S. racemose et preesertim 9. Heldrerchii affinis a qua floribus inferioribus alaribus, calyce florifero oblongo nec cylindrico, nervis in cristas prominentibus percurso, differt. Hab. In the Plain of Esdraélon, below Nazareth. B. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. 69. S. Scuwetvrurral, Rohrb. in Bot. Zeitung, xxv. (1867) p- 82; Monogr., p. 106. Hab. Nubia and Abyssinia. 70. S. ARABICA, sp. nov, Caulis adscendens, paullum ramosus, pubescens. Folia glau- cescentia, inferiora ovato-lanceolata, acuta, intermedia lanceo- lato-spathulata in petiolam tenuem longe attenuata, superiora minima; bracter lineares acuminate longe ciliate. Calyx gracilis cylindricus, fructifer clavatus ampliatus infra capsulam constrictus, striis purpureis, dentibus lanceolatis acutis albo- marginatis densissime ciliatis. Petala rosea, appendicibus ovatis. Capsula ovata, carpophorum fere bis superans. A S. Schweinfurthi differt presertim habitu laxiore glau- cescenti, foliis latis longius attenuatis, calyce angusto, striis purpurels. Syn. S. chirensis, A. Rich. ex Barbey, Pl. Arab. Schweinf. (1889). This specific name was one substituted by Boissier (Fl. Orient. i 593) for his own S. affinis (which he misquotes as a MS, name). when he found that Godron had also described a S. afinis. But as Rohrbach points out, Godron’s plant is in no way to be distinguished ‘from S. micro- petala, so that Boissier’s first name stands, and S. arabica becomes a synonym and available for a new species, Hab. Gebel Schibam, near Menacha, in Arabia Feli (Schweinfurth). Tabla felix SB ees MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 67 71. Sttene carrensis, A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss., 1. p. 44 (1847) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 106 (S. schirensis). Hab. Abyssinia. C. Semina reniformia, faciebus plana, dorso plus minus obtuse canaliculata. a. Calycis evenii nervi pilis basi bulbosis vel squamulis acutis vestiti, calyx fructifer apice contractus. 72. S. wRinERviA, Sebast. et Mauri, Fl. Rom., p. 152, t. 2; Reichb., Ic. Flor. Germ. Helv., n. 5069; Rohrb.. Monogr., p. 107. Adde: Caulis simplex, vel interdum dichotome ramosus. Pedicelli calyce breviores pilis retrorsis pubescentes. Calyx anguste clavatus, fructifer ampliatus. Petala obcordato- cuneata. Filamenta glabra. Carpophcrum puberulum (non glabrum). Geogr. limits.—N. The Banat, in Hungary. W. Near Rome. S. Anavryti, in the nome of Messenia, Greece. E. Island of Khio, in the Turkish Archi- pelago. 73. S. scapripa, Soy.-Will. et Godr., Sil. Algér., p. 33; Exped. Scient. en Algérie, Bot., t. 81; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 107. Differt a S. trinervid floribus minoribus approximatis, calycis exumbilicati nervis squamulas, nec pilos curvatos, gerentibus, commissuris levibus, dentibus acutis, petalorum appendicibus obtuse bipartitis, capsulé ovoided carpophoro glabro suffulta. Hab. Algeria. 74. S. oropepioruM, Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 132, t. 84. Caules 10-40 centim. longi, simplices vel parce ramosi, nonnunquam superne dichotomi, adpresse puberulo-scabridi. Folia inferne ciliata, inferiora obovata vel oblonga, in petiolun: breviter attenuata, media oblongo-lanceolata obtusiuscula, superiora linearia basi et apice attenuata; bracter lineares, pedicellos longe superantes. Flores erecti, breviter pedicellati, in pseudoracemos 3-10-floros dispositi. Calyx oblongo-tubu- losus albidus, fructifer dilatatus infra capsulam angustatus, nervis viridibus latis planis crassis, a pilis latis rigidis squamu- F.2 68 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. leformibus adpressis obtectis, dentibus longis lineari-lanceolatis acutis albo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala alba profunde bipartita, lobis anguste linearibus, appendicibus bipartitis, lobis oblongis in tubum subcoherentibus. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovato- oblonga superne acutata, carpophorum glabrum 3-4-plo superans. Semina tenuiter corrugata, faciebus anfractuosa ; canaliculi dorsalis marginibus cerebriformi-anfractuosis. AS. scabridé differt, calycis dentibus angustioribus longior'- busque, petalorum Icbis linearibus, et presertim seminum fabrica. Hab. Algeria. b. Calyx glaber vel, si pubescens, pilis basi non bulbosis vestitus. a. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. + Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. 75. SmENE Micropetata, Lag., Gen. et Sp. Pl, p. 15 (1816); Soy.-Will., Exp. Scient. en Algérie, Bot., t. 81 (S. vestita) ; 4 Rohrb., Monogr., p. 108. Geogr. limits..—N. Fuencarral, in prov. of New Castile, Spain. S. and EH. Near Oran, in Algeria. W. Faro, in prov. of Algarve, Portugal. 76. S. cispLarensts, Cambess. in A. St. Hil. Fl. Brasil. Merid., ii. p- 117, t. 108; Mart., Fl. Brasil., xiv. pars i. p. 291, t. 66 (1872); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 108. Species priori valde affinis, differt tamen pubescentia, calycis dentibus ovatis, petalis longe diversis. Hab. Uruguay ; near the city of Monte-Video. “7. S. impricata, Desf., Fl. Atlantica, i. p. 349, t. 98 (1798) ; | Nohrb., Monogr. p. 109. 68. Pomet, Battand. (sp.) im Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxviii. (1891) p. 219. Planta hispida; calyx nervis parce anastomosantibus. Syn. S. obtusifolia (non Willd.) Pomel. This plant is not sufficiently distinct from S. imbricata to be considered a separate species. ‘ Hab. Algeria. MR. F. N, WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 69 tt Calyx evenius. 78. SILENE CLANDESTINA, Jacq., Collect., suppl., p. 111 (1796) t. 3; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 109. Adde syn. S. angustifolia, D. Dietr., Syn. Plant., ii. p. 1568 (1839-1852). Geogr. area.—Africa.—N. Algeria. S. Cape Colony. 79. 8. pisconor, Sibth. et Smith, Prodr. Fl. Grec., i. p. 292 (1806); Fl. Greca, v. t. 410 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 110. Habitu valde accedit ad S. pompedopolitanam, differt tamen pubescentia, floribus omnibus breviter pedicellatis, petaloram colore, seminumque forma diversa. Geogr. limits—E. Cyprus. W. Island of Milo, in the Grecian Archipelago. 80. S. vittosa, Forsk., Fl. Aegypt. Arab., p. 88 (1775) ; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5066 (S. sericea) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 110. B. MIcROPETALA, Coss. in Bourg. Pl. Algér. Rar., n. 229 (1856) ; Batt., Fl. de V Algérie, p. 136 (1888). Petala reducta, laminis roseis. Lusus 2. forma indumento longiore magis viscoso, floribus albidis. Syn. S. villosa var. ismaélitica, Schweinf. in Asch. et Schweinf., Illustr. Fl. d’ Egypte, in Mém. Inst. Egypt. ii. (1889) p. 748. Yy. DESERTICOLA, Schweinf. ers., n. 53 (1880), in Herb. Kew. (cned.). Densissime et asperule viscido-tomentosa. Caules foliosi multiflori. Folia trinervia, sed nervis pubescentia obscuratis. Syn. Silene sp., n. 142, Bromfield (1851), Herb. Hook. in Herb. Kew. Hah. Vadi Tumilat, near Ismailia, Lower Egypt. Geogr. limits ——N. Palestine, near the Dead Sea (Tristram, Surv. West. Palest. Bot., p. 242). S. Upper Egypt. E. Mt. Sinai, in Arabia Petreea. W. Ain Sefra, in the Algerian Desert. B. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. 81. S. penpua, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 418; Curt., Bot. Mag., t. 114; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 111. 70 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Adde: Caules decumbentes. Calyx vix umbilicatus. Fila- menta glabra. Adde syn. 8. corsica (non DC.), Sang., Fl. Rom. Prodr. Alt., p. 769 (1855). f. lepinensis, Terrace. in Nuovo Giiorn. Bot. Ital. (1894), p. 153. Caules abbreviati, erecti nec decumbentes, parce ramos}. Folia ima dense rosulata, cetera minora rarioraque. Flores subunilaterales mediocres. Semina subrotundo-reniformia, tuberculato-hispida. Hab. Mt. Lepini, near Rome. Geogr. limits—N. Near Rome. FE. Cyprus. S. Djurdjura, in Algeria (Debewux, in Rev. Bot. France, xi. (1893) p. 57). D. Semina globosa, dorso convexa, facizbus plano-convexa,. undique obtuse tuberculata. a. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus, evenius. 82. SILENE ADSCENDENS, Lag., Gen. et Sp. Pl, p. 15, n. 194 (1816); Willk., Ic. Desc. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 41, t. 27; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 111. In mountain specimens the petals are larger. Hab. 8. Spain. 83. S. uirrorea, Brot., Fl. Lusit., ii. (1804) p. 186; Willk., Ic. Desc. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 49, t. 34.4; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 112. B. eLaTior, Willk., lc., t. 348; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. FI. Hisp., iii. p. 650; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 112 (S. littorea, lusus 2). Species a S. villosd, qua confusa est, differt calycis dentibus lanceolatis obtusis et presertim seminum forma. Geogr. limits.—N. Vigo Bay, in Galicia. E. Iviza, in the Balearic Islands. S. Coast of Andalusia. W. Near Lisbon. b. Calyx fructifer apice contractus, striis anastomosantibus. 84. S. psamMiris, Link, ap. Spreng., Nov. Prov. Hal. Berol., p- 39; Willk., Ic. Desc. Pl. Nov. Hisp., p. 40, t. 25 (S. Agro- stemma) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 113. Nomen Linkii Rohrbach anteposuit, quod hc forma est quasi intermedia inter S. Agrostemmam et S. lasiostylam, ita ut a4 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 71 altera in alteram speciem Linkianam transeat neque varietates dignosci possunt. (Confer Ascherson in ‘ Bot. Zeitung,’ xvii. 1859, p. 293.) — Differt S. psammitis a S. villosé et a 8. penduld presertim - Seminibus ; 8. pendule calyce fructifero ampliato, apice contracto, magis accedit, differt autem jam nervis anastomosantibus et capsula ovato-conica. B. LAsIOsTYLA, Boiss. (sp.), Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 79; Willk., Ic. Desc. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p- 40, t. 26; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 651. Geogr. limits —N. Sierra de Guadarrama, prov. of Old Castile. S. Near Tangier, in Morocco. HE. Sierra de Segura, prov. of Murcia. W. Portugal. b. Dipterosperme. Semina rotundo-reniformia compressa, faciebus planiuscula, dorso alis duabus undulatis marginato profunde canaliculata. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus vel interdum geminatis. a. Capsule carpophorum puberulum. 85. SILENE sERICEA, All., Fl. Pedem., ii. p. 81, t. 79, f. 3 (1785); Desf., Fl. Atlant., i. p. 352, t. 100 (S. bipartita) ; Jacq., Fragm., t. 59 (S. hispanica); Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5068 (S. vespertina); Moris, Fl. Sardoa, i. p. 253, t. 17, f. 1 (var. angustifolia) ; Willd., Hort. Berol., fasc. ii. t. 23 (S. hirta) ; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., p. 45, t. 30 (S. bipartita a vulgaris, B: forma parviflora,), t. 31 (forma angus- tifolia), t. 32 (S. sericea) ; Tanfani, in Parl. Fl. Italiana, ix. p. 369; Rohrb., Monogr., pp. 113-117 (S. sericea, et S. colorata, Poir.). Hec species polymorpha in duas subspecies divideatur :— 1. Subspec. S. colorata, Poir. 2. Subspec. 8. Oliveriana, Vtth. 1. Subspec. S. colorata, Poir., Voy. en Barb., p. 163 (1798). Folia inferiora obtusa. Calyx pilis adpressis plus minus longis vestitus, ad strias interdum lanuginosus, dentibus ovatis. Petala rosea, unguibus longe exsertis, lobis cuneato-oblongis raro lineari-oblongis, appendicibus oblongis acutisve. 72 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Grex a. pubicalycina Fenzl. Caulis erectus vel adscendens ; calyx pube brevissima ad strias adpressé vix longiore vestitus, interdum inter strias glaber. a. WoLGARIs, Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., 1. p. 45, t. 80.4; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 651. Adde syn. 8. saxicola, Rouy, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XX1X. (1882) p. 43. S. secundiflora, Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 375. B. pecumBens, Biv. (sp.), Sicul. Pl. Cent., i. p. 75, t. 6 (1806) ; Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 677 (1803), (S. vespertina). Grex b. trichocalycina, Fenzl. Caulis erectus vel adscendens ; calyx ad strias pilis longis confervoideis pubescens, inter strias glaber. y. DISTACHYA, Brot. (sp.), Fl. Lusit., ii. p. 189 (1804) ; Phytogr. Lusit. sel., t. 71; Willk., Ic. Deser. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 49, t- 30, C.D. (S. bipartita var. lasiocalyx) ; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 652. é PTEROPLEURA, Coss. in Bourg. Pl. d@’Alg. (1856), n. 224 (S. bipartita var. pteropleura). Grex c. crassifolia, Moris. Caulis humilisdecumbens. Folia carnosa suborbiculata vel spathulata. Cincinni pauciflori. Calyx totus pilis longis sericeis adpressis vestitus. Syn. S. sericea var. crassifolia, Moris, Fl. Sardoa, i. p. 253, t. 17 (1837). 2. subspec. 8. Oliveriana, Otth, in DO. Prodr., i. p. 373. Caulis adpresse vel patule pubescens. Folia omnia acuta linearia vel lanceolata ; bractew lineares. Calyx ad strias pilis brevibus recurvis vestitus, inter strias scabridus, dentibus oblongis. Petala alba, unguibus paullum exsertis, lobis lineari- bus, appendicibus ovatis obtusis. As the late Enrico Tanfani points out, the description of the seeds of S. sericea as given by Rohrbach is erroneous, and that they are exactly similar to those of S. colorata; this being so, there is no reason for separating the two species, and S. sericea being the older name becomes the proper name for this extremely variable and polymorphous species. He says: “Anche Rohrbach, il monografo del genere, guidato forse in errore dalla figura di Willkomm (loc. cit., t. 32) nella quale il seme @ rappresentato esageratamente sotto una forma cui talora si avvicina, ha creduto che la S. sericea non corrispondesse alla pianta tanto estesamente diffusa nella regione mediterranea e per la quale cred’ dover quindi MR. F. N. WILLTAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 73 adottare il nome di S. colorata. Ma & indubitato che la pianta di Allioni non é altro che la comune 8. sericea tanto abbondante in tutto il nostro littorale. Talora i semi in alcuni frutti mal sviluppati restano pid piccoli, e con le ali meno ben sviluppate. Io in un medesimo frutto ho potuto Osservare semi perfetti reniformi e semi striminziti e che assumevano forma paragonabile a quella di un orecchio.” The iconography of this species has been more fully given in order to compare and estimate the value of the deviations from the type, and to avoid confusion from the over- lapping descriptions in the discrimination of the various forms figured. Geogr. limits.—N. Near Trieste, in Istria. S. Abyssinia. EH. Near Teheran, in Persia. W. Canary Islands. 86. Sinene Guauca, Pourr. herb. ex Lag., Elench. Hort. Madrit. (1803), fide ej. Gen. et Sp. Nov., p. 15; (et sec. specim. ex horto Madritensi in herb. Link,) ; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 42, t. 28; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 117. _Adde: Flores erecto-patuli. Calyx striis virentibus vel purpurascentibus. Petala obovato-cuneata, unguibus inclusis. Differt a S. sericed, bracteis fere wqualibus, calyce breviore fructifero valde ampliato umbilicato, striis latioribus superne Vvenosis, petalis minus profunde bipartitis (bilobis), capsula globosa, seminibus duplo majoribus. Ex syn. S. secundiflora = S. sericea. B. MINoR, Rouy, Exc. Bot. Esp., ii. (1883) p. 68 ; Willk., Prodr. Fl. Hisp., suppl., p. 279 (1893). Caulis humilis, 8-15 centim. longus, subsimplex 1-2-florus. Folia brevia, basilaria lanceolata, caulina inferiora anguste lanceolata, Superiora linearia fere subulata. Flores minores. Geogr. limits.—N. Near Barcelona, in Catalonia. S. Algeria. E.. Balearic Isles. W. Near Tangier, in Marocco. 87. S. quarrescens, Coss., Illustr. F'l. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p- 138, t. 85. Glabrescens. Caules 10-20 centim. longi, erecti vel late- rales ascendentes, ad medium vel a basi ramosi, rarius simplices. Folia pilis ad tuberculum redactis, punctata, margine scabra, inferne longe et parce ciliata, inferiora obovata vel obovato-oblonga in petiolum latam attenuata, subrosulata, 74 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. caulina oblongo-lanceolata vel lanceolata subsessilia. Bractow foliis superioribus conformes, superiores valde inzequales. Flores suberecti vel erecto-patuli inferiores sepius longe superiores breviter pedicellati in cincinnos simplices 2-7-floros dispositi. Calyx glaber tubulosus umbilicatus, fructifer tantum dilatatus, superne haud constrictus, albo-membranaceus, nerv1s viridibus vel rubentibus commissuralibus superne venulas plures emittentibus sed venulé unic& supremaé cum reticulo nerv1 sepalini confluentibus, dentibus ovato-triangularibus acutis albo-marginatis breviter ciliatis. Petaja bipartita, lobis oblongis, unguibus subexsertis, appendicibus — binis ovato- suborbiculatis, omnibus in coronam subcoherentibus. Fila- menta glabra. Capsula ovato-oblonga, carpophorum subequans. Ab hae planté 8. longicaulis differt foliis pubescentibus, fioribus parvulis, calyce basi attenuata, appendicibus parvulis acutis, capsula oblonga carpophorum bis terve superante. Hab. Marocco. 88. SILENE LoNGICAULIS, Pourr. ea Lag., Elench. Hort. Madrit., 1803, fide ej. Gen. et Sp. Nov., p.15; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 61, t. 44. B; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 117. Adde: Inconspicua. Caulis simplex vel furcato-ramosus, seepe purpurascens. Flores erecto-patuli. Petala parvula, unguibus inclusis fauce in tubum connatis. Geogr. limits.—H. Puerto Reai, on S. coast of Spain. W. Faro, on 8. coast of Portugal. b. Capsule carpophorum glabrum. 89. S. aperana, Willd., Sp. Plant., ii. p- 703 (non 307 ut passim), et Herb., n. 8656 (1799); Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 0060; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 118. (3. ALEXANDRINA, Asch., Illustr. Fl. @ Egypte, in Mémn. Lust. Egypte, ii. (1889) p. 46. Calycis nervi villis tuberculis insidentibus hirsuti. Hab. Egypt; on the coast. Geogr. limits—N. Talavera, in prov. of New Castile, Spain. . Island of Korgo, in the Persian Gulf. 4. Afghanistan. W. Canary Isles. wh 90. S. pEcipIENS, Barcelo, in Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., viii. (1879) p. 340; Fl. Isl. Baleares, p. 61. ome. eu MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 7» Caulis erectus e basi ramosus pubescens, 12-27 centim. longus. Folia uninervia, inferiora ovato-lanceolata in petiolum vagin- antem attenuata, intermedia lanceolato-linearia acuta; bracter parve ovato-lanceolate, acute. Flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx tubulosus, fructifer ovato-oblongus, striis viridibus puosis superne anastomosantibus, dentibus elongato-lanceolatis acutis margine scariosis. Petala bipartita rosea, lobis linearibus obtusis, appendicibus binis linearibus obtusis. Capsula ovato- cylindrica carpophorum sexies superans. Semina parva, faciebus concaviuscula, dorso obtuse canaliculata. Hab. Majorca, in the Balearic Isles. B. Species perennes. a. Apterosperme. Semina reniformia vel auriformia, dorso nunquam alis undulatis marginato. Flores in cincinnis simplicibus. A. Caules florigeri e basi rosule foliorum terminalis later- aliter edentes. 91. SinenE LEeGIonENSIS, Lag., Gen. et Sp. Pl., p. 14, n. 188 (1816); Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 57, t. 51; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 118. Adde : Flores sub anthesi patuli, postea erecti. Geogr. limits.—N. and W. Cantabrian Mountains, in Galicia. S.and EH. Sierra de Segura, in prov. of Murcia. 92. S. arpantica, Coss. ef Dur. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, ii. (1855) p. 307; Illustr. Hl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 135, t. 86; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 119. A 8. legionensi differt, foliis rosule erectis obovatis vel oblongis in petiolum longum attenuatis, non patentibus lanceolatis vel lanceolato-linearibus in parte inferiore vix attenuatis, floribus majoribus in pseudoracemos 2-4-floros dispositis, capsula oblonga, seminibus utraque facie excavatis. Hab. Algeria and Tunis. B. Caules florigeri terminales, e rosule foliorum medio edentes (aut folia non rosulata). a. Calycis dentes elongato-lanceolati acuti. a. Flores calyce multo brevius pedicellati. 93. S. Cuouerrel, Coss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, ix. (1862) 76 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE, p. 169; Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 136, t. 87; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 119. A 8S. atlanticd differt, caulibus caudicis ramulos terminan- tibus, foliis infimis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, pseudo- racemis sepius plurifloris non 2-4-floris, calyce tubuloso- infundibuliformi, stipite capsule longitudinem dimidiam superante. Hab. Algeria. 94. Stnene Hocusterrert, Rohrb. in Bot. Zeitung, xxv. (1867) p- 81; Monogr., p. 120. Hab. Abyssinia. B. Flores calyce longius pedicellati. 95. S. Brarra, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. (Bot.), vii. (1864) p. 183; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 120. Hab. The Cameroons on the Bight of Biafra, German West Africa, b. Calycis dentes obtusi, vel raro ovati acuti. a. Herbs nunquam cespitem formantes. 96. S. Burcnennn, Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 374; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 120. Syn. ? 2S. wthiopica, Burm. f., Fl. Cap. Prodr., p. 13 (1768). (Fide speciminis manci in Herb. Kew.) a. CERNUA, Bartl. (sp.) in Linnea, vii. (1832) p. 623. f. tatironia, Sond., in Harv. et Sond., Fl. Capensis, i. p. 128. Y- PILOSELLEFOLIA, Cham. et Schlecht. (sp.) in Linea, }. (1826) ». 41. Adde syn. 8, piloselloides, G. Don, Gen. Syst., i. p. 404. “ Harvey, in his ‘ F). Capensis,’ i. p. 128, does not quote and probably had not seen Burchell’s n. 271, which was the type specimen of this species. Consequently he has described from other forms. On the other hand, S. Thunbergiana (vide Rohrb., ‘Monogr.,’ p. 121, n. 76), founded on their (Ecklon and Zeyher) n. 253, is obviously identical with Burchell’s n. 271,—the last name, S. Thunbergiana, must therefore be suppressed. The forms hitherto commonly marked in herbaria §. Burchellii, Otth (see Burchell’s nos. 580, 1254, 6789), and those of many recent collectors, must, I nk, be regarded as a mere variety, with more erect habit, and generally tendency to narrower leaves—n. 271 being the maritime form, with broader leaves (see Gerrard’s n. 605 from Natal), these forms are connected by intermediate states, but I can find no differences whatever in the calyx-teeth or fruit. Under these varieties and under various names (including 8. chirensis and S. sericea of A. Rich., ‘Tent. Fl. Abyssin.’), this mt y MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 77 species extends very widely over Africa from the Cape to Abyssinia.”— (H. Bolus, MS., in Herb. Kew.) The above is a valuable note by Mr. Bolus on the type-specimens, though I am not inclined to sink S. chirensis and S. sericea, A. Rich., in the species. With this reservation, the distribution of the species is, however, not restricted to Cape Colony and Natal. It has recently been recorded for Griqualand East. Geogr. limits —N. and EH. Mt. Kilima-Njaro, in German East Africa. S. Plettenburg Bay, in Cape Colony (var. 7). W. Huilla, in Angola; Portuguese West Africa (Welwitsch, herb., n. 1082). 97. SILENE PRIMULEFLORA, Eckl. et Zey., Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr, Extratr., p- 32 (1835) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 122. Hab. Cape Colony. 98. S. crassironia, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 597; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 122. Hab. Natal. B. Herbse cespitem densum formantes. + Calyx evenius. 99. S. munptana, Eckl. et Zey., Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. Hetratr., p. 32 (1835) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 123. Hab. Paardekop, near Plettenberg Bay, Cape Colony. 100. S. evecans, Link, av. Brot. Fl. Lusit., 1. (1804) p. 185; Willk., Ic. Desc. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 71, t. 52.45 Rohrb., Monogr., p. 123. Adde: Nana. Folia rosulata subenervia. membranaceus. Petala unguibus subauriculatis late alatis villoso-ciliatis. Capsula ovato-oblonga carpophorum sequans. Differt a S. ciliatié, cui valde affinis, presertim calyce haud Calyx rubellus ampliato umbilicato evenio. Syn. S. Campanula (non Pers.), Lapey7., Hist. Abr. Pyren., p. 248. S. Borderi, Jord., ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 137, n. 118; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 655. | S. punctata, Bub. Herb., ex Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 659. S. Campoi, Lose., ex Tratad. Pl. Araq., ii. (1877) p. 23. 78 MR, F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Geogr. limits.—N. Pyrenees (French side). S. and W. Sierra d’Estrella, in Portugal. E. Pyrenees (Spanish side). ++ Calyx striis bifurcatim conjunctis. 101. Stuene cinrata, Pourr. in Mém. Acad. Toul., iti. (1788) p. 328; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 58, t. 42 4 (S. ciliata, typ. I. pyrenaicus). Adde: Semina dorso canaliculata, nec plana. a. GENUINA, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 124. B. aentcurata, Pourr. (sp.), Le.; Willk., Ic. Deser. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 59, t. 428 (S. ciliata, typ. Il. hispanics) ; Fohrb., Monogr., p. 124. Geogr. limits. —N. Mt. Plomb de Cantal, in Auvergne, France (var. a). S. and H. Mt. Olympus, in Thessaly, Greece (var. a). W. Mt. Pefiafurada, near Arvac, in prov. of Asturias (var. 8). b. Dipterosperme. Semina rotundo-reniformia, faciebus planiuscula, dorso alis duabus undulatis marginato profunde acute canaliculata. Flores in cincinnis laxis duplicibus vel triplicibus. 102. S.inrrousa, Wight et Arn., Prodr. Penins. Ind. Or., p. 42: Caules valde et laxe ramosi erecti, inferne glabri superne scabri viscidi; florigeri terminales. Folia lanceolata obtusi- uscula; bractes parve lanceolate dense ciliate. Flores breviter pedicellati, medio interdum abortivi. Calyx plus minus elongatus clavato-truncatus, fructifer paullum ampliatus infra capsulam leviter constrictus, umbilicatas, glanduloso- pubescens, nervis nigricantibus superne arcuatim conjunctis, dentibus lanceolatis acutis dense ciliatis. Petala rosea, magna, unguibus glabris exsertis, bipartita, lobis late ovato-oblongis, appendicibus binis oblongis. Capsula ovoidea carpophoram subrequans. a] . . . . e S. sericeam in memoriam ducit, non solum seminum forma sed etiam toto habitu. Syn. S. indica, var. Wail., Cat., n. 642 8. Melandryum intrusum, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 233, ef Tinnea, xxxvi. (1869) p. 242. - ba | MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 79 This species was excluded by Rohrbach from the genus, as the capsule appeared to be unilocular, but Dr. T. Thomson has demonstrated the existence of septa; it is therefore here restored. Hab. The Nilagiri Mts., in Malabar. Sectio II. DICHASIOSILENE. Herbs perennes vel annus, pauce biennes. Flores in dichasio simplici vel plus minus composito breviter vel longe pedicellati, dichasii ramis sequalibus aut inequalibus, ramo altero in specie- bus nonnullis in florem unum reducto ; interdum flores dichasio contracto capitulum formantes, in speciebus perennibus multis, dichasii floribus plerisque abortivis, caulis uni-vel biflorus ;— rarissime inter Brachypodas flores in racemo simplici paucifloro dispositi. A. Species perennes, inter Compactas pauce biennes vel annue. a. Petala unguibus utrinque auriculatis. Series 1. Auriculate. Species alpine uni-vel biflore, petala unguibus utrinque dente obtuso vel acuto auriculatis. A. Caules florigeri terminales. a. Folia subulata vel falcata, interdum pungentia. a, Calyx dentibus obtusis. + Calyx striis anastomosantibus. 103. Sinene rancata, Sibth. et Sm., Prodr. Fl. Grec., i. p. 301 (1806) ; FU. Greca, v. p. 25, t. 436; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 125. Species ab affinibus capsula e calyce exserta distinctissima. Hab. Mt. Kheshish-tagh (Mt. Olympus), in Anatolia. 57; 104. S. masMEN#A, Borss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. IL. v. p. Rohrb., Monogr. p. 126. . Differt a S. Echino foliis tenuioribus ciliatis, caly ve florifero tenuiori non clavato, capsulé quam carpophoram longiore. Hab. Masmeneu-dagh, Aslan-dagh, and Beryt-dagh, in the provinces of Karamania and Marasch ; Asia Minor. 105. S. arama, Fisch. et Mey. in Ann. Sc. Nat., Sér. IV. i. (1854) p. 36; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 126. 80 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Hab. Arjish-Dagh (Mt. Argeus), in prov. of Karamania. 106. Stnene MENTAGENSIS, Coss., ILlustr, Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 145, t. 94. Caules 30-50 centim. longi, erecti, graciles inferne simplices vel fere a basi ramosi, superne dichotome ramosi, glabrescentes. Folia anguste linearia, acuta, glabrescentia; bractew lineares, inferne marginato-membranace®, ciliolata. Flores longe pedi- cellati, pedicellis quam bractezee multo longioribus, in cymas laterales et terminales laxas dispositi. Calyx tubuloso-infun- dibuliformis glaber, fructifer ovatus vel subglobosus superne clavatus apice haud contractus, infra capsulam constrictus, albido-vel rubenti-membranaceus, nervis filiformibus, dentibus brevibus ovato-oblongis membranaceo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala livida, unguibus exsertis glabris dente parvo obtuso auriculatis, bifida, lobis oblongis obtusis, appendicibus binis parvis ovatis, integris inter se liberis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovoidea, superne acutata carpophorum scabram aquans vel hoc sesqui- brevior. Semina reniformia compressa, dorso faciebusque plana et tuberculorum preminentium seriebus echinatis. Caulibus elatis dichotomis, calycibus fructiferis clavatis, S. portensem refert, sed ab hac et ceteris speciebus ejusdem gregis Rigidule (series 9) caudice perenni eximie distincta. Hab. Djebel Mentaga, in S.-W. Marocco. 107. S. ruyNcnocarpa, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p- 33; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 126. Hab. Anatolia. 108. S. srenroria, Fenzl, Pugill. Pl. Nov. Syr., p. 9 (1842) ; Russegg., Reise Ilustr., t. 2; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 127 (S. caryo- phylloides). Syn. Cucubalus caryophylloides, Poir., Encyc., suppl. }: p. 416. The older specific name is not only misleading but inappropriate ; [I have therefore followed Boissier (Fl. Orient. i. p- 619) in retaining Fenzl’s name, by which all misunderstanding is avoided and the plea of convenience 18 sustained. Geogr. limits—N. and E. R. Euphrates, in prov. of Marasch. S. Summit of Mt. Lebanon, in Syria. W. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 81 tt Calyx evenius. 109. SILENE TRAGACANTHA, Fenzl, ap. Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 621; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 125. Adde : Pedicelli medium versus vel infra calycem bracteati. Petala bipartita. This plant has the habit and appearance of a species of 7’ragacantha or Acantholimon. Boissier’s description is fragmentary, and, as he says, is drawn up from imperfect material, additional characters are here given from examination of specimens in Herb. Kew. Rohrbach’s description was drawn up from specimens preserved in the Vienna Herbarium. Hab. Mt. Kuh-Daéna, in S. Persia. B. Calyx dentibus acutis, striis anastomosantibus. 110. S. Ecutnus, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. v. p. 56; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 125. A formis minoribus S. subulate preter petala foliis planis aceroso-pungentibus distincta. Hab. Mt. Budrun, near the town of Isbarta, in Anatolia. 111. S. susunara, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 33; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 127 (8S. caryophylloides var. nardifolia in parte). Caules cespitosi erecti viscido-pubescentes pumili uniflori. Folia anguste linearia subtriquetra rigida subulata scabride pubescentia basi ciliata. Flores longe pedicellati, Calyx tubulosus glanduloso-pubescens, dentibus oblongis. Petala alba, unguibus exsertis dente acuto auriculatis, lamina obcordata parva, appendicibus binis oblongis crenulatis. Cap- sula oblonga carpophorum glabrum equans. Semina dorso granulata, leviter canaliculata, faciebus plana. A SS. stentorid differt preeter folia tenuiora calyce post anthesin clavato, capsule adpresso nec turbinato. Geogr. limits.—E. Baibout, in prov. of Erzeroum. W. Gumuchkhane, in prov. of Trebizond. 112. S. prnpicona, Haussk. in Mittheil. Thiring. Bot. Ver., v. (1887) p. 85; et Heft v. (1893) p. 50. Caules cawspitosi erecti tenerrimi uniflori, in parte inferiore dense foliosi, in parte dimidia superiore bibracteati, inferne tenuiter papillosi, superne glanduloso-viscidi. Folia linearia acuta papilloso-scabriuscula basi dilatato-vaginantia spe subrecurva, in axillis plerumque ramulis sterilibus florendi LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. G 82 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. tempore nondum evolutis munita. Calyx longe cylindrico- clavatus glaberrimus membranaceus_ roseo-suffusus, stris filiformibus, dentibus triangularibus albo-marginatis. Petala sordide fusca bipartita, lobis oblongis obtusis. Capsula oblongo- ovoidea, carpophoro glabro bis superata. Semina granulata. Facies S. Orphanidis, que differt statura robustiore, foliis longioribus latioribusque nimis confertis, calycis dentibus latioribus, bracteis binis lanceolatis acutis ad calycis basin (nec flore nudo), capsula longiore. Hab. Greece ; the peak of Zygos, on Mt. Pindus, in Thessaly. y. Calyx dentibus alternatim acutis et retusis, striis apice anastomosantibus. 113. Sitene xynosasis, Freyn, in Bull. Herb. Boiss., iii. (1895) p. 100. Dense pulvinaris. Caules pumili densissime ceespitosi erecti tenerrimi uniflori, superne glanduloso-viscidi. Folia basi dilatato-vaginantia pallida coriacea ciliolata, lanceolata, infima congesta, reliqua pauca distantia, suprema albo-marginata purpureo-suffusa. Calyx tubuloso-clavatus glaber umbilicatus pallidus, nervis rubellis, dentibus ovatis scarioso-marginatis ciliolatis. Petala livida bipartita lobis lineari-oblongis, unguibus exsertis, appendicibus binis trapezoideo-ovatis obtusis. Capsula ellipsoidea carpophoro bis superata. Hab. Summit of Mt. Ak-dagh, in prov. of Siwas, near Amasia (July, 1891). b. Folia mutica recta haud falcata. a. Calyx dentibus obtusis, striis latis rubris superne anastomo- santibus. 114. 8. piantairouia, J. Gay, ap. Tchihat., Asie Min. Bot., i. p. 193 (1860) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 128. Geogr. limits.—N. Mt. Beryt-dagh, in prov. of Marasch. S. and H. Mt. Kuh-Delu, in S. Persia. W. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia. 115. S. Orpwanipis, Boiss., FI. Orient., i. p. 651; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 128. Adde : Semina ruguloso-tuberculata. Hab. Mt. Athos, in Rumelia. 116. 8S. Sarcenti, S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad., xiv. (1879) p- 290 ; B. L, Robinson, l.c., xxviii. (1893) p. 142. ~ MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 83 Ceespitosa, multiflora, puberula, 15 centim. alt. Folia linearia vel oblanceolaia. Calyx cylindricus, fructifer infra capsulam constrictus. Petala alba vel carnea, bifida, unguibus exsertis auriculis latis, laciniatim dentatis, lamin& obovata, appendicibus majusculis dentatis. Capsula cylindrica longe stipitata. Semina: dorso cristato-tuberculata, faciebus levia. Habitu 8. Douglasii revocat, sed calyx haud inflatus. Hab. Table Mtn., Monitor Range, N. Nevada. 117, Sirens uumitis, C. A. Mey., Enum. Pl. Cauc, p. 215 (1831) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 128. Adde: Caules procumbentes vel adscendentes. Petala carnea vel sanguinea. Hab. The Eastern Caucasus. 118. S. racnrensis, Franch. in Ann. Sc. Nat., Sér. VI. xv. (1883) p. 239. E basi fruticulosé, ramosissima, ramulis erectis inferne tenuis- sime puberulis. Folia oblongo-lanceolata acuta asperulata, inferne in petiolum longe attenuata; bractem lanceolate, margine albo-hyalinz, Januginose. Pedicelli calyce subbre- viores. Calyx clavato-cylindricus membranaceus umbilicatus, dentibus brevibus fere orbiculatis subtiliter ciliolatis, marginibus late hyalino-membranaceis. Petala alba, unguibus glabris vix exsertis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula carpophoro bis superata. Hab. Turkestan. 119. S. Gravi, S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad., xiv. (1879) p. 291; B. L. Robinson, l.c., xxviii. (1893) p. 143; Coult., Bot. Gazette, xvi. (1891) p. 44, t. 6, f. 7-8. Cespitosa stricta pumila canescenti-pubescens viscidula pauciflora. Caules erecti, 12 centim. longi, superne parcius foliati. Folia oblanceolata. Flores 2-3 in caule, Calyx clavato-cylindricus, dentibus rotundatis. Petala carnea bifida, unguibus anguste auriculatis, appendicibus latis subintegris. Capsula ovoidea subsessilis. Hab. California; Mt. Shasta, near the snow-line. 120. S. Warsont, B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 143. Cespitosa, stricta, gracilis, superne glanduloso-puberula, inferne subglabra. Caules erecti simplices, 12-20 conti G 84 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. longi. Folia linearia vel anguste oblanceolata acuta, basi in petiolum vaginantem attenuata. Flores 1-3 in caule. Calyx ovatus, dentibus albo-marginatis. Petala alba vel rosea, bifida, appendicibus obtusis. Syn. Lychnis californica, S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad., xii. (1877) p. 248. Hab. California; Plumas and Sierra counties, Mt. Dana, and near Ebbett’s Pass. 121. Stuene Suxsvorru, B. L. Robinson, in Coult., Bot. Gazette, xvi. (1891) p. 44, t. 5, f£. 9-11; et in Proc. Amer. Acad., XXVill. (1893) p. 143. Cespitosa, stricta, pumila, inferne puberula, superne viscidula. Caules erecti, simplices, 7-8 centim. longi, superne parcius foliati. Folia radicalia subspathulata, caulina linearia, acuta. Calyx campanulatus. Petala alba, biloba, lobis obtusis, appen- dicibus oblongis retusis. Capsula subsessilis. Geogr. range.—California to Washington. B. Calyx dentibus acutis. + Calyx striis anastomosantibus. 122. S. comMELINIFOLIA, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 1.1. p. 35; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 128. Adde: Folia 5-nervia. Geogr. limits.—N. and W. Turkish Armenia. S. Persian Kurdistan (Haussknecht, in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 99). EH. Mt. Elburz, in Persia. 123. S. ScHtuMBERGERI, Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 106. Glabra. Caules plurimi, erecti, tennes, foliosi, uni-vel rarius biflori. Folia lineari-setacea, stricta, subconvoluta, acuta, caulina tenuissima; bractese parves, lanceolate, acuminate. Pedicelli calyce triplo breviores. Calyx longe obconicus, mem- branaceus, glaber, striis purpureis, dentibus triangulari-lanceo- latis, anguste albo-marginatis. Petala alba, biloba. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro sublongior. Semina ruguloso-tuberculata, dorso plana, faciebus subeonvexa. Affinis 8. dianthifolie que rhizomate surculos steriles dense cespitosos edente, foliis caulinis brevioribus, calycis dentibus ovatis obtusis, late albo-marginatis, petalis ultra medium bipartitis, differre videtur. Hab. The Anti-Lebanon. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 85 124, Sinene Moorcroriiana, Wall., Cat., n. 626; et ex Rohrb., Monogr., p. 129. Forma 1.—Altior gracilis, caule 2-3-floro. Forma 2.—Nana, foliis linearibus, et pedicellis quam bractex longioribus (ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India, i. p. 219). Hab. W. Tibet, W. Himalayas, and Affghanistan. 125. S. persica, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 1. i. p. 27; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 129. Syn. 8. erysimifolia, Stapf, in Denkschr. Akad. Wien, (1886) p. 284. B. ANaIstomA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 622. Caules 7-10 centim. longi, abbreviati. Flores submajores, calyce longiore. Species calycis dentibus spathulato-cucullatis notabilis. Hab. W. Persia. t+ Calyx evenius. 126. S. previcauis, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 34; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 130. Facies S. depresse var. Meyeri, a qua differt indumento glan- duloso, foliis acutioribus, calyce evenio graciliore, ejusdem dentibus lanceolatis acutis, petalorum unguibus auriculatis, capsula longius ovata. Hab. Prov. of Siwas, in Asia Minor. B. Caules florigeri e foliorum rosula terminali lateraliter adscendentes. Calyx striis anastomosantibus. 127. S. Boryi, Botss., Elench. Pl. Nov. Hisp., p. 19, n. 28 (1838) ; et Voy. Bot. Esp., p. 94, t. 25.4; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 130. Adde: Planta sordide virens velcanescens. Petala unguibus longe exsertis. Hab. In the prov. of Granada; Sierra Nevada, Sierra de Ronda, and Sierra de Maria. B. TEIEDENSIS, Boiss. (sp.), Elench. Pl. Nov. Hisp., p. 20, n. 29; et Voy. Bot. Esp., p. 94, t. 258; Rohkrb., Mouogr., p. 130. Hab. In the prov. of Granada; Sierra Tejeda, Sierra de la Nieve, and Sierra Nevada; also on Mt. Makmel in the Lebanon, on Mt. Hermon in the Anti-Lebanon, and in the mountains of Syria, and Western Persia. 86 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. According to Cutanda (‘ Fl. Madrit.,’ p. 178), S. ¢ejedensis occurs also on the Sierra de Guadarrama, near Lozoya, in the prov. of New Castile. Willkomm says that he has not seen the specimens, and he thinks that this plant is scarcely likely to be found in the alpine districts of the elevated country in Central Spain, and recommends further observations in the locality mentioned, with the probability of its being identified with another species. Boissier’s ‘ Voyage Botanique,’ containing the results of his exploration of the country in the year 1837, was issued in two volumes, with excellent coloured plates, during the years 1839-45. Rohrbach considers Kotschy’s specimens from Mt. Kuh-Daéna, in South- West Persia (exs., n. 768), as a deviation from the type, and includes them under lusus 2. 128. Streng MevanprioipEs, Lange, Diagn. Pl. Penins. Iber., um Kjobn. Vidensk. Middel., 1877-78, p. 33; Willk., Illustr. Fil. Hisp., i. t. 60. Caules 16-25 centim. longi, adscendentes vel diffusi, glutinoso- et crispulo-villosi. Folia rosularia elliptico-lanceolata, in petiolum alato-dilatatum breviter angustata, caulina elliptico- ovata, basi angustato-amplexicauli-subconnata, summis ovatis, acuminata. Flores in dichasium regulare repetitum vel ter dichotomum dispositi, pedunculo centrali quam calyx longiore. Calyx primo cylindricus, dein ovato-campanulatus, ampliatus, basi truncatus, glanduloso-pilosus, dentibus subulato-acuminatis. Petala violaceo-rosea venis saturatioribus, bifida. Capsula carpophoro 3-4-plo longior. Semina reniformia, tuberculata, dorso plana. Hab. Bussaco, near Coimbra, Portugal; and Orense, i” Galicia, Spain. 129. S. caveasica, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 622; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 131. S. vallesia longius distat, indumento glanduloso, foliis caulinis longis, floribus longe pedunculatis, et calyce latiore : Ledebour autem (FI. Ross., i, p. 321) dicit, “ planta caucasica spontanea ab occidentali non diversa videtur.” B. MULTIFLORA, Rupr., Fl. Caucasi, p. 187; Boiss., Fl. Orient., snpph., p. 99. Major. Flores 3-5-terminales, conferti vel in 2-3-verl- ciflastra remota dispositi: calyce seepe eglanduloso. Syn. S. repens, Ledeb., Fl. Rossica, i. p. 308, quoad Armeniam et Caucasum. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 87 Hab. Trans-Caucasia. 130. SILeNE vauueEsta, Linn., Sp. Plant. ed. Il. p. 603; fteichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5087a; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 13}. . Adde: Petala supra roseo-violacea subtus virentia, unguibus ciliatulis. Filamenta glabra. Carpophorum puberulum. B. GRAMINEA, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 131; Vis., Fl. Dalmatica, iii. (1852) p. 166, t. 34 (S. graminea); Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 0087f. Tanfani says that cultivated specimens of this variety are scarcely to be distinguished from the specific type, and that intermediate and connecting forms are to be met with. Geogr. limits. —N. The Alps of Valais, Switzerland. S. Montenegro (var. graminea); Mt. Dur- mitor, Baldacci, Fl. exs. Crnaeg. (1890). E. Bosnia (var. graminea); (ex Nym. Consp. Fl. Hur., p. 92). W. The Alps of Dauphiny, France. b. Petala unguibus exauriculatis. Series 2. Macranthe. Species 1-3-floree, floribus breviter raro longe pedicellatis ; aut flores in dichasio duplici, aut dichasii ramo altero abbreviato in foliorum axillis geminati, calyce brevius pedicellati; calyx elongato-clavatus seu in speciebus paucis uni-vel bifloris, floribus longe pedicellatis, breviter clavatus. A. Caules e foliorum rosula terminali lateraliter edentes. 131. S. paninoteicua, Fenzl, ap. Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 621; Ltohrb., Monogr., p. 132. Very similar to S. Boryz. Hab. N. Persia; in the provinces of Mazanderan and Khorassan. 132. S.Scuarra, G. Gmel., Reise Russl. (1774-1783), ex Hohen. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., xii. (1838) p. 397; Lindl., Bot. Req. (1846) t. 20; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 182. | Species a seminibus echinatis et tempore florendi serotino insignis. Hab. Russia, prov. of Trans-Caucasia; and Persia, prov. of Ghilan. 88 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 133. Sinene pyomma, Adams, in Weber et Mohr, Beitr., i. (1805) p. 59; Rohrb., Monogr., nu. 2, p. 78. Caules sive rami florigeri adscendentes dense pubescentes. Folia radicalia rosulata, obovato-spathulata, mutica, in petiolum longum attenuata, pubescentia, ciliata ; caulina minora elliptica, obtusa, in petiolum brevem attenuata; bractew et prophylla parve albo-marginate ciliate. Flores in dichasio paucifloro brevissime pedicellati, odoratissimi. Calyx anguste cylindricus evenius sanguineus vel pallidus, fructifer vix ampliatus infra capsulam constrictus, basi truncata leviter umbilicatus puber- ulus, dentibus obtusis albo-marginatis dense lanuginoso-ciliatis. Petala rosea, unguibus glabris, bipartita lobis oblongis, appen- dicibus binis magnis ovatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovata carpophorum pubescens fere bis superans. Semina reniforma compressa, dorso canaliculata, margine rotundata, pluriserialiter cristato-echinulata, faciebus curvato-excavata. Authentic specimens of this plant are seldom found in herbaria; descrip- tions of the species vary, and appear to be based upon the examination of imperfect material. In this case the description has been drawn up from specimens collected in the locus classicus by Ruprecht, and authenticated by him in Herb. Mus. Brit., with notes on his observations on the living plant in his ‘ Fl. Caucasi.’ Apparently this plant is wrongly placed in the subgenus Gastrosilene by Rohrbach. The calyx is not inflated, and is without anastomosing nerves : this is easily demonstrated in the specimens preserved in Herb. Kew and Herb. Mus. Brit., and the Kew specimens certainly seem to be authentic, as they are verified by Ruprecht and labelled “Mus. Bot. Acad. Petrop.” Further, nothing is said in the original description as to the presence of anastomosing nerves on the surface of the calyx. Hab. In alpine districts of the Western Caucasus, in the prov. of Trans-Caucasia. 134. S. Lonarrusutosa, Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr., Th. C., p- 176 (1895). Glabra, 50 centim. alt. Caules adscendentes, ramulis 1-2- floris. Folia lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, glabra; bractew lanceolate, acutissime. Calyx elongato-infundibuliformis, 3 centim. longus, basi truncatus, glaber, dentibus semi-ovatis albo-marginatis, exterioribus acuminatis. Petala alba vel rosacea, subtus bruneo-venosa. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro bis terve superata. Hab. Nordseite, in German East Africa, at an elevation of 3,200 metres. a oe MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 8Y 135. SmENE HETERODONTA, sp. nov. Glanduloso-pubescens. Caules diffusi vel a basi arcuata adscendentes, simplices vel infra medium dichotomo-bifurcati, ramo laterali altero dichotomie deficiente. Folia inferiora ovato-spathulata, in petiolum attenuata, apice rotundata obtu- sissima mucronulato-apiculata, hispido-ciliata, superiora angus- tiora sessilia. Flores solitarii. Calyx tubuloso-clavatus, hirtulo- pubescens, basi truncatus, fructifer dilatato-clavatus infra capsulam attenuatus vix constrictus, nervis rubellis vel viridibus sparse anastomosantibus, dentibus ovato - triangu- laribus, aliis acutis aliis obtusis, albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala biloba, lobis obovato-oblongis, unguibus exsertis, inferne ciliatulis, appendicibus bipartitis segmentis ovato-lanceolatis acutis. Capsula oblonga carpophorum pubescens ter superans. Semina compressa, faciebas auriculiformi-concaviuscula, dorso acute canaliculata, granulata. (Herb. Kew., Atlas Expedition (1888), coll. J. Thomson.) Speciei sequenti valde affinis, sed insigniter diversa. Heecce differt,—in bifurcatione infra caulis medium, foliis apice magis rotundatis, calyce basi truncato infra capsulam attenuato, petalis bilobis nec bipartitis, appendicibus bipartitis, carpophoro pubescente breviore, seminibus dorso acute canaliculatis. The name is derived from the dissimilar calyx-teeth. Hab. Marocco; between Titula and Tizi-N-Telnet. 136. S. parveta, Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 187, t. 88. Ceespitosa, parvula, brevissime puberula. a basi arcuaté adscendentes, rarius erecti, simplices vel rarius supra medium dichotomo-bifurcati, ramo laterali altero dicho- tomis deficiente. Folia radicalia rosulata, parvula, inferne longe attenuata, petiolo in squamam latam dilatato, oblonga vel ovato-spathulata, obtusa vel apiculata, caulina lineari- oblonga vel oblonga, brevius petiolata vel superiora sessilia, Flores solitarii. Calyx Superne Caules diffusi vel parte petiolari pilis longis ciliata. tubuloso - infundibuliformis umbilicatus, fructifer dilatato-subclavatus infra capsulam contractus, post anthesin apice haud contractus, membranaceus albidus vel rubescens, nervis rubescenti-violaceis sparse anastomosantibus, dentibus ovato-triangularibus, aliis acutis aliis obtusis, albo-marginatis, 90 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. ciliatis. Petala bipartita, lobis oblongis, unguibus exsertis, appendicibus binis ovato-triangularibus. Filamenta glabra. Capsula oblonga carpophorum glabrum paullum superans. Semina minuta, reniformia, compressa, faciebus plana vel auriculiformi-concaviuscula, dorso obtuse canaliculata tuber- culata. A precedenti inter alia differt, calyce vix tubuloso evidentius umbilicato, nervis anastomosantibus, dentibus alternatim acutis obtusisque, et carpophoro glabro. Hab. Marocco. 137. SILENE caspiTosa, Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc., 11. (1812) p. 262; Trans. Linn. Soc., xi. (1815) p. 412, t. 35; fiohrb., Monogr., p. 133. Adde: Planta valde cespitosa. unguibus exsertis. Hab. Near Sudur, in the Kuban district of the Western Caucasus, in the prov. of Cis-Caucasia. Calyx evenius, petalorum B. Caules e foliorum rosulé terminali medio edentes. a. Capsula globosa carpophoro ter quaterve superata. 138. 8. pepressa, Bieb., Fl. Taur. Cauc., i. p. 3386 (1808) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 133. 8. Mevert, Fenzl (sp.) in Kotschy, Pl. Pers. Bor. ap. Bowss., Fl, Orient., i. p. 623; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 133. Hab. Trans-Cancasia and Persia. 139. S. Porrert, Post, in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 104. Basi suffrutescens, cespitosa, pruinoso-scabrida. Caules pauci humiles tenues simplices uniflori vel parce dichotom1 2-3-flori. Folia basilaria brevia, lineari-spathulata, intermedia acuta, superiora subulata, brevissima. Cal yx anguste cylindricus glaberrimus membranaceo-coriaceus, fructifer clavatus, nervis rubris, dentibus ovato-triangularibus albo-marginatis ciliolatis: Petala bifida, lamina obcuneata coronata, unguibus exsertas. Capsula ovato-oblonga carpophoro brevior. Semina dorso canaliculata. Hab. The peak of Ziaret-Dagh, on Mt. Amanus, prov. of A leppo. a = es, MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 91 b. Capsula carpophorum eequans, vel plus minus superans. a. Calyx evenius. + Capsula carpophorum equans. 140. Stnene succunenra, Forsk., FI. Aegypt. Arab., p. 66 (1775); Delile, Fl. Aegypt., p. £9, t. 29; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 134. B. corsica, Rohrb., Lc.; DO., Fl. Frang., iv. p. 756 (S. corsica) ; Willk., Ic. Deser. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i, t. 39 B. Geogr. limits —N. Calvi, in Corsica. S. Near Alexandria, in Egypt. i. Near Sidon, in Syria. W. 8S. Antioco, in Sardinia. 141. S. Uspeana, Rohrb., Append. alt. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1867) p. 2; Monogr., p. 134. Hab. Mexico. This species is omitted in ‘ Biologia Centrali- Americana.’ 142. S. PAPILLIFOLIA, sp. nov. Caules adscendentes, inferne retrorsum puberuli, superne glabri. Folia faciebus papillosa, margine ciliata, radicalia obovata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuta, ad basin longe attenuata, utrinque pubescentia; caulina linearia, magis acuta, sessilia, utrinque sparsim puberulo-hirsuta. Flores in dichasium com- positum Jaxum dispositi, cymulis trifloris, breviter pedicellati. Calyx elongato-clavatus scaber, basi truncatus, striis viridibus, dentibus longe lanceolatis, acuminatis, albv-marginatis, ciliolatis. Petala alba bipartita, lobis oblongo-spathulatis, appendicibus binis. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro glabro. Semina valde compressa, dorso obtuse canaliculata, faciebus concava. Hab. Erzinghan, Mt. Sipikor-Dagh, Sinfenis, n. (1889). 143. S. rHymiroia, Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Greece Prodr. i. p. 292 ; Fl. Greca, v. p. 8, t. 411; Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 648, suppl., p. 106. Caules lignosi prostrati e basi ramosi, ramis adscendentibus Folia crassa, parva, ovata, acuta, hirta, in 1166 gTiseo-puberulis. wy auillis fasciculata, Bractew parve, ovate, acute, glabre, ciliate. Flores in cymis trifloris erecti breviter pedicellati. Calyx clavatus villoso-viscidus, nervis rubris, dentibus triangularibus. 92 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Petala supra nivea subtus virescentia (vel rubicunda), cuneato- oblonga bifida lobis linearibus obtusis, appendicibus bifidis. Species maritima, foliis carnosis. Geogr. limits.—S. and E. Cyprus. W. West coast of Anatolia. N. Kila, near Constantinople (Cowmany, ea Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 106). 144. Sinene micropHyLLa, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser Ti. p-. 33; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 135. Species foliis parvis insignis. Hab. N. Persia. 145. S. purmanica, Coll. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ( Bot.) xxviii. (1890) p. 23. Caules erecti plus minusve aspere ferrugineo-pubescentes, robustiusculi, vix ramosi. Folia caulina asperula sessilia, ovato-oblonga vel lanceolata, interdum obovata vel spathulata, acuta vel acuminata, subtrinervia. Flores dichotomo-cymosi, pedunculis brevibus glanduloso-hirsutis. Calyx fere cylindricus glanduloso-hirsutus, dentibus brevibus ovato-oblongis, obtusis vel rotundatis. Petala inequaliter quadrifida (lobis lateralibus minoribus interdum fere ad dentes auriculiformes reductis), lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis, appendicibus binis angustis elongatis. Capsula ovoideo-oblonga, longe stipitata. Semina hippocrepiformia, rugosa. Hab. Shan Hills, in Upper Burma, at 1,200 metres; and Momyen, in prov. of Yun-nan, China. 146. S. creracea, Fisch. in Spreng., Syst. Veget., i. p- 405 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 135. (reogr. limits.—N. and FE. Siberia. S. and W. R. Don. 147. S. inripetium, Post, ap. Post et Autran, in Bull. Herb. Boiss., iii. (Apr., 1895) p. 154. Glabra, basi multicaulis, 20-30 centim. alt. Caules rigidi geniculati superne 1-2-flori. Folia infima lineari-spathulate, cetera linearia longe acuminata. Calyx pallide viridis vel rubro-vittatus cylindricus dein clavatus, dentibus triangu- laribus late scarioso-marginatis. Petala pallida, unguibus dilatatis glabris paullum exsertis, lamina lineari-cuneata ultra a aed “9 7, MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 93 medium bifida, lobis oblongis, appendicibus gibbosis. Capsula ovata. Semina triangularia, dorso canaliculata. Hab. Mt. Gaiour-dagh, in prov. of Aleppo, Post, n. 304. tt Capsula carpophorum bis quaterve superans. 148. Sinene arcura, Fenzl, Pugill. Pl. Nov. Syr., p. 8, n. 25 (1842) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 135. B. ARMENA, Bovss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 618; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 136. (S. arguta, lusus 2.) Affinis S. Aucheriane, foliis rigidis multinerviis, calyce argute nervoso, distincta. Geogr. limits—N. and EH. Near Erzeroum, in Turkish Armenia. S. and W. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia. 149. S. ststanica, Bovss. et Buhse, Aufzahl. Transkauk. Pers. Pfl., in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc., xii. (1860) p. 36; Fi. Orient., i. p. 617, et suppl., p. 98; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 136 (S. arguta var. sisianica). Planta pilis deflexis breviter hirtula. Caules stricti superne parce et stricte ramulosi, tenues, angulati, foliosi. Folia lanceo- lata acuminata, stricta, trinervia; bractee e basi latiori lineari-setacew. Cyme 3-5-flore, pedunculis brevissimis. Calyx cylindrico-clavatus, membranaceus, ad nervos papillosus, dentibus oblongis obtusis. Petala alba, biloba, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis oblongis truncato-retusis. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro pubescente 3—4-plo breviore. S. repens est S. sisianicw similis facie foliisque, nihilominus heece satis est a S. argutd distincta. Hab. Sisian, in Trans-Caucasia; and Mt. Schahu and Mt. Avroman, in Persian Kurdistan (Haussknecht, in Boiss., Fi. Orient, suppl.). 150. S. cracttnma, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 679. Caules debiles, filiformes, parum ramosi, decumbentes, ramis floriferis capillaribus, gracillimis, erectis, basi pilis paucis adspersi, ceterum glabri. Folia plana, lanceolata, longe acuminata, ad basin angustata ac breviter petiolata, glabra. Flos terminalis longissime pedunculatus. Calyx clavato- striis viridibus, dentibus lanceolatis campanulatus, glaber, Petala alba, unguibus acutis margine scariosis vix ciliolatis. 94 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. glabris longe exsertis, lamina oblongo-ovata bipartita, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis magnis lanceolato-ovatis, obtusis. Capsula ovata carpophorum bis superans. Syn. S. Saxifraga (non Linn.), Thunb., FL Japonica, p. 184 (1784). Ex habitu in affinitatem §. Sarifrage numeranda est, hujus speciei formas depauperatas in memoriam revocat. Hab. Prov. of Ouari, in the island of Nippon, Japan. 151. Sinenv Scumwuckert, Wettst., Beitr. Fl. Alban., p. 30, t. 2 (1892). Suffrutescens basi ramosnus. Caules laxi filiformes, tenues, adscendentes, superne foliati, breviter sed dense pilosi, superne non visciduli, 6-10-centim. longi. Folia lanceolata, acuta, fere uninervia, sessilia basin versus attenuata, tota pilis brevibus pilosa, itaque griseo-viridia; bractes parve lineares, acute, pilose, ad basin breviter albo-marginatee. Flores terminales solitarii vel rarius bini, longe pedicellati. Calyx breviter clavatus membranaceus albido-rufescens, totus pilis minutis crispulis pubescens, nervis inconspicuis pallide virescentibus vel rubescentibus, dentibus obtusis late albo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala purpurea, biloba, lobis linearibus, appendicibus binis obtusis, unguibus inferne villosis, superne dilatatis. Hab. Serdarica-Duran, in Albania, Turkey. 152. S. knastana, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1869) p. 258 ; Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India, i. p. 221. Caulis geniculatus adscendenti-erectus, hirtello-pubescens, subglandulosus. Folia late ovato-lanceolata, 3—5-nervia, sensim acuminata, glabrescentia dense serrulato-ciliata, superiora cum bracteis equalia, minora. Flores pauci, aut solitarii, terminales, aut in dichasio paucifloro, floribus plerumque quam calyx longioribus, pedicellatis, interdum ramo florigero ex foliorun inferiorum axillA accedente. Calyx oblongus scabrido-et glanduloso-pubescens, striis viridibus superne tantum con- junctis, dentibus lanceolatis acutis. Petala (alba vel) purpurea, unguibus calycem equantibus glabris, lamina parva bipartita, lobis obtusis, appendicibus binis parvis. Capsula oblonga carpophorum 5-plo superans. Semina dorso faciebusque granulata plana. Ad nullam speciem habitu vel characteribus accedit, nulli affinis esse videtur. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 95 Hab. Khasia, in Assam, at 1,500-1,800 metres. 153. Smene vauans, CO. B. Clarke, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xxv. (1889) p. 6, t. 2. Pubescens. Rami vagantes vix scandentes. Folia lanceolata acuminata, basi attenuata, vix trinervia; bractes minute medium versus pedicellorum. Calyx cylindricus, infra capsulam deinde breviter contractus, basi truncatus, pubescens, dentibus lanceolatis acutis. Capsula ovoidea carpophorum bis terve superans. Semina dorso faciebusque convexa, tuberculata. Ad 8S. khasianam affinis, sed magis pubescens, foliis basi attenuatis, cymis compositis plurifloris, et seminibus convexis. The characters not mentioned in the original description of the species are based upon an examination of the type-specimens in Herb. Kew. Hab. Kohima, in Assam, at 1,650 metres. f. Calyx striis anastomosantibus. + Calyx dentibus obtusis. 154. S. oreopuita, Boiss., Fl. Orient, i. p. 617; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 136. Corrige et adde: Caules triflori; folia anguste linearia subtri- nervia subobtusa nec acuta strive calycine rubre. A S. Aucheriand, cui arcte affinis, differt floribus quam calyx carpophorumque excedentibus. Hab. Turkey in Asia: Mt. Ali-dagh, in prov. of Marasch ; Mt. Ananias-dagh, in Anatolia, Whittall (1893) ; Mt. Yildiz-dagh, in prov. of Siwas, Bornmiiller, Plant. Anatoli Orient. (1890). 155. S. Aucuertana, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p- 27 (ex parte), et viii. p. 87; FU. Orient., i. p. 617; Kohrb., Monogr., p. 36. B. viscosa, Freyn et Sint. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., xii. (1891) p. 364. _ Multicaulis, ramosissima, basi suffruticosa. Folia elliptico- lanceolata scabrido-pubescentia, sparse glandulosa (nec velutino- hirsuta). Panicula cum calycibus glandulosa. Capsula car- pophoro subsequilonga. Habitu et facie species S. Montbretianam revocat. Geogr. limits.—N. and W. Prov. of Van, in Turkish Kurdistan. S. Mountains of Elwend, Persia. E. Mt. Elburz, Persia. 96 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 156. SILENE NURENSIS, Boiss. et Haussk. in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 99. ‘Gmspitosa, pumila, breviter glanduloso-pubescens. Rhizoma ramulosum induratum. Rami tenues fere a basi patule dicho- tome 3-7-flori, flore alari longiuscule pedunculato. Folia minima sessilia, infima lineari-spathulata obtusa, dichotomiarum bracteseque ovate acutiuscule. Calyx anguste cylindricus, umbilicatus, papillis glandulosis sparsis obsitus, nervis rubris, dentibus ovatis. Petala albida, unguibus glabris, lamina ad 3 partem biloba, lobis obtusis. Capsula oblonga carpophorum wquans. Semina rugulosa, dorso vix canaliculata, faciebus subconcava. Habitu refert 8. pruinosam, sed calyx duplo longior, ungues non ciliati quamvis edentuli esse videantur. Hab. Mt. Kuh-Nur, in S.-W. Persia. 157. S. capitutpes, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or. Ser. Il. v. p. 55; Rohkrb., Monogr., p. 137. Corrige: Caules e rhizomate cylindrico plures adscendentes (nec procumbentes). Hab. Cilicia. 158. S. Campanuna, Pers., Syn. Pl., i. p. 500 (1805) ; All., Auct. Fl. Pedem., p. 28, t. 3 (1789) (Cucubalus alpestris) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 137. Adde: Calyx umbilicatus. Filamenta glabra. Semina dorso granulata canaliculata, faciebus plana. By the strict application of the canons of priority, this species might be cited by the name of S. alpestris, since Silene alpestris, Jacq. (of 1773), 18 to be referred to the genus Heliosperma: but it is not worth while, from the point of view of convenience, to change Persoon’s name, which has been in circulation for 90 years, And, on the other hand, Silene campanulata, 8. Wats., should stand, as the slight difference in spelling is sufficient, though it might not satisfy the more critical nomenclaturists. Hab. Piedroont. 159. S. Saxipraca, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 421; Reichb, Ie, Fl. Germ. Helv. n. 5095 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 138. Species valde polymorpha ct difficillime cireumscribenda. Adde syn. 8. Notavisii, Cesati, in Bibl. Ital., xci. (1838) p- 346 5 Rohrb., Monogr., p. 140. B. HISPANICA, Rouy, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxix. (1882) p. 43. me . i MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE, 97 Caules breviores. Folia punctulato-scabrida oblongo-spathu- lata vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi rosulata. Bractew ovato-lanceo- late, omnino scariose. Capsula carpophoro sesquilongior. y Smrru, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 138; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. i. p. 76 (S. Smithii) ; Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Greca, iv. p. 79, t. 389 (Saponaria ceespitosa). At first referred to Saponaria, as the original specimens appeared to have only two styles. 6. Oreaves, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 139; Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 92 (S. Oreades). Geogr. limits —N. W. Switzerland. W. Prov. of Asturias, Spain. S. Mt. Ghei-dagh, above Alaya, in Cilicia. E. Mt. Stavros, in prov. of Karamania. 160. Sruene Barsevana, Heldr. ap. Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 107. Stirps dense pulvinaris. Caudiculi petiolis vetustis, imbri- catis, congestis vestiti. Folia radicalia, anguste linearia, acuta, margine scabridula. Caules floriferi filiformes, uniflori, pumili. Calyx breviter turbinatus, glaber, nervis rubellis, dentibus ovatis late membranaceis. Petala rosea obcordata, unguibus glabris, lamina cum calyce subequilonga, appendicibus binis ovatis. Capsula oblonga, carpophoro brevissimo. Hab. Mt. Korax, up to 2,200 metres, in the nome of AXtolia, Greece. +t Calyx dentibus alternatim acutis et obtusis. 161. S. rruticunosa, Sieber, pl. exs., et DC. Prodr., i. p. 376 (1824) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 189. Species arcte affinis S. Sazifrage, sed calycis dentibus alternatim acutis et obtusis, petalis fere totis e calyce exsertis et calyce fructifero carpophoro dense adpresso, satis differre videtur. Sunt autem etiam S. Savifrage forme capsula fere toté e calyce superne dilacerato exserta. Adde syn. S. gymnotheca, Pane. eas. Geogr. limits —N. The Styrian Alps, in Austria. S. and HE. Mt. Ida, in Crete. W. Lake of Iseo, in Lombardy, LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. H 98 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 162. Sinene ¥iuires, Freyn et Sint. in Bull. Herb. Boiss., i. (1895) p. 98. Dense cespitosa, glabra vel inferne brevissime retrorsum scabridula, superne haud viscida. Caules filiformes erecti, vel e basi arcuata, geniculate-adscendentes, foliosi, ramos, ramis tenuissimis erectis bracteatis unifloris. Folia elevatim punctata, lanceolato-linearia, acuta, rigida, infimorum vagina pallida, coriaced, dilataté, margine ciliato-aspera. Flores solitarii, pedunculis calyce longioribus vel subsequantibus filiformibus. Calyx tubuloso-clavatus umbilicatus glaber, pallido-purpurascens, dentibus ovatis, membranaceo-marginatis, ciliolatis. Petala luteo-virescentia, bipartita, lobis lineari- oblongis, appendicibus binis parvis triangularibus, unguibus glabris, superne dilatatis. Capsula ellipsoidea, carpophoro sublongior inclusa. A precedenti distinguitur caule haud viscido et capsula inclusa. Hab. Turkish Armenia; Gumuchkhane and Mt. Argyri-dagh (June, 1894). ttt Calyx dentibus acutis. 163. S. munticautis, Guss., Pl. Rar. Sic., p. 172, t. 35 (1826) ; Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Greeca, v. p. 14, t. 420 (S.inaperta) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 139. Facie affinis §. linifolie, sed basi non lignosa, inflorescentia non cymoso-paniculata, calyx longior basi valde angustatus. Bertoloni and Rohrbach have confused this plant with S. Notarisii of Cesati, which is only a local form of S. Saxifraga. Rohrbach also mentions the absence in this species of anastomosing nerves in the calyx, and that the teeth are alternately acute and obtuse; but an examination of authentic specimens shows that the nerves of the calyx do not anastomose, and the teeth seem to be all acute, with occasional variations. For this reason I have transferred the species to another group, and reduced S. clavata (n. 117) to a variety of it. It is quite possible that the teeth of the calyx in the preceding species may be found to be only an occasional variation, and that they are either all acute or all obtuse ; if so, there is n° necessity for continuing to keep S. fruticulosa distinct and in a separate group. B. CLAvATA, Hampe, in Flora, xx. (1837) p. 233 (S. Saxifrage var. clavata); Waldst. et Kit., Pl. Rar. ii. p. 177, t- 163 (S. Saxifraga) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 140 (S. clavata). Folia mucronata; bractex lanceolate. Calyx nervis virentibus vel variantibus rubris. Petala alba, appendicibus brevibus. o oe MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 99 S. multicaulis var. megaspilea (of Boiss., ‘Fl. Orient.,’ i. p. 651), may possibly be referred to this variety : a form found in a locality which marks the south limit of the species. Geogr. limits —N. The Apennines of Central Italy. S. Megaspileon, in the nome of Achaia, Greece. E. Island of Samothraki, in the Turkish Archipelago (Von Degen, 1891). W. Corsica. 164. StLene macropona, Velen. in Abh. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., VII. i. (1886) n. 8, p. 8, et Fl. Bulgarica, p. 64. Glabra, densissime cespitosa, rhizomate lignoso ramoso. Caules 30 centim. longi, recti, tenues, superne visciduli, foliosi, apice in racemum laxum pauciflorum abeuntes. Folia setaceo- linearia margine serrulato-ciliata ; bractese setaces. Pedicelli calycem subequantes. Calyx lineari-elongatus, apice clavatus, nervis viridibus, dentibus ovato-triangularibus, late albo- marginatis. Petalorum lamina virens cuneata, bifida. Anthere violacese. Capsula ellipsoidea, carpophoro bis brevior. Hab. Bulgaria; Mt. Vitos, near the city of Sofia, Mt. Rilo, and Mt. Osogovska Planina. 165. S. incurvirotiA, Kar. et Kir., Enum. Pl. Fl. Altaice, n. 160, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1841), p.391; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 141. S. incurvifolia differt a S. argutd, quacum a cl. Fenzl confusa est, calyce toto glanduloso-hirto, nervis anastomo- santibus, dentibus acutis, capsulé oblongo-conica carpophorum sequante neque eo pluries longiore. B. TURKESTANICA, Regel (sp.), in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 436. Parce ramosa, dense glanduloso-pilosa. paullo clavatus, nervis viridibus, dentibus inequalibus. Petala extus violascentia, unguibus glabris exsertis, fauce coronatis, appendicibus denticulatis. . Hab. Near Ajagus, in the desert of Soungaria, and Mt. Alatau, in Turkestan. 166. S. acurirontA, Rehrb., Monogr., p. 141. a Differt a S. faetidd jam primo aspectu, calycibus dimidio brevioribus, et petalorum forma. Hab. Serra da Estrella, in Portugal. Calyx fructifer H2 100 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 167. Sinene reripa, Link, ex Spreng., Syst. Veget., ii. p. 406, e¢ Willd., Herb., n. 8610; Willk., Ilustr. Fl. Hisp., t. 61; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 141. Adde syn. S. fuscata var. (Brot.). S. Herminii, Welw. ap. Rouy, in Le Naturaliste (1888), p. 43. Hab. Pico de Arvas, in prov. of Asturias, and Serra da Estrella, in Portugal. 168. S. Maximowicz1ana, Rohrb. in Linnwa, xxxvi. (1870) p- 680. Stirps pilis brevibus reversis hirsuta. Caulis repens, laxus, ramos florigeros permultos erectos humiles graciles sub- simplices, 8-10 centim, longos edens, atque ipse apice adscendens floribusque terminatus. Folia lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata attenuato-acuminata, ad basin versus angus- tata quasi-petiolata, margine serrulato-ciliolata, utrinque scabrido-punctulata. Flores solitarii vel bini. Calyx sub- ampliatus, oblongo-clavatus, viridi-rubellus, striis superne anastomosantibus, dentibus lanceolatis anguste scarioso-cilio- latis. Petala rosea, unguibus glabris, longe exsertis, lamina oblongo-obovata, bifida, lobis oblongis, appendicibus bipartitis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis. Capsula ovato-oblonga carpo- phorum quater superans. Semina reniformia, compressa, faciebus plana, dorso plana, margine (Heliospermatis fere modo) tuberculorum magnorum crista irregulariter ornato. Lusus 1; Mazim. in Bull. Acad, Sc. Pétersb., xxxii. (1888) p. 482. Nana, etiam ad calyces pubescens; flores solitarii vel bini. Lusus 2; Mazim., l.c. Major, fere duplo altior, glaberrima ; dichasium pluriflorum. Species, seminum indumento valde insignis, S. Schafte admodum affinis, differt autem jam primo aspectu caulibus florigeris non infrarosularibus calycibusque ampliatis ; preeterea S. repentem revocat basibus cauliculorum procumbentibus. Hab. Mt. Motoyama, prov. of Kai, in the island of Nippon, Japan. 169. S. corprronta, All., Fl. Pedem., ii. p. 82, t. 23; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helw., n. 5089 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 142. Hab. The Alps of Piedmont. ra ah >, MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 101 170. Sirenr tazica, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 35; Rohrb., Monogr., p- 142. Hab. Turkish Armenia. Rohrbach’s next series, viz., Polyschemone, includes only one species, S. nivalis. As has been pointed out in the Introduction to this revision, T have considered it to be better to exclude from the genus those species which have 5 styles, in which, of course, the capsule is 5-septate at the base, and to distribute them if possible among allied genera. Some botanists, especially those with analytical bias, would prefer to maintain Schott’s original genus, and to consider Polyschemone nivalis as the type of the genus, of which Schott gives a very complete description in Analecta botanica, i, p. 56 (1854). The plant was first described as a Lychnis by Kitaibel in 1814, and in the most recent floras is included in Melandryum. Series 3. Nanosilene. Species nang uniflore : calyx campanulatus. 171. S. acautts, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. II. (1762) p. 603; Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 415 (Cucubalus) ; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5084; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 148. a. GENUINA, Calyx umbilicatus. Petala profunde emarginata. Capsula oblongo-cylindrica e calyce lonye exserta. Semina parva. Adde syn. S. alpina, S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., ii. p. 643. Forma suBACAULESCENS, mihi :—subacaulescens, foliis anguste linearibus 25-35 mm. Hab. United States; Rocky Mts. of Colorado, and in Arizona. B. BryorpEs, Jord. (sp.), Pugill., Pl. Nov. in Mém. Acad. Nat. Lyon, 1851, p. 241; Obs. Pl. France, v. p. 35, t.1; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., p. 70, t. 51 a. Calyx haud umbilicatus, sed in pedunculum angustatus. Petala emarginata. Capsula e calyce brevius exserta. Semina majora. Syn. S. acaulis, Willk. in Flora, xxxiv. (1851) p. 601. Hab. Alps of Dauphiny and Savoy ; Spanish Pyrenees, Mt. Izas, Mt. Soba, and the Baths of Panticosa, in prov. of Aragon (ex Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iti.) ; Switzerland, Plans de Taman in canton of Vaud, and Albula Pass in canton of Grisons (ew Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl.)- y- Exscara, All. (sp.), Fl. Pedem., ii. p. 83, t. 79 (1785); Jord., Obs. Pl. France, v. p. 39, t. 1. 102 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Syn. S. acaulis var. parviflora, Oth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 367. S. polytrichoides, Zumagi., Fl. Pedem., ii. p. 269 (1860). S. acaulis, lusus 2, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 144. Hab. Dept. of Alpes-Maritimes in France, and adjacent localities in the Spanish Pyrenees (ex Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii.); the Alps of Piedmont, and of the adjacent canton of Valais, in Switzerland (ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Kur., suppl.) ; near Rodna, in Transsylvania, I’. Porcius (1878). Geogr. range.—Arctic and N. temperate zones, north of lat. 35°, as far north as lat. 74°, according to Nordenskidld’s ‘ Voyage of the Vega’; also in Novaya Zemlya, lat. 73° (Hkstam, 1895). 172. Sttrns Baumearrent, Schott et Kotschy, Pl. Hasice. Transsilv., n. 459; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5114; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 144 (S. dinarica). Syn. S. depressa, Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv., i. (1836) p. 404. S. dinarica, Spreng., Syst. Veget., ii. p. 405. Saponaria Baumgarteni, Janka, in Linnea, xxx. (1859- 60) p. 559. Sprengel’s name is passed over, being bad and inadmissible, as the plant does not occur, and has never been found, in the Dinaric Alps. According to Kotschy the specific name is founded upon a geographical error, and therefore cannot stand. Hab. Transsylvania, and the Banat, in Hungary. Series 4. Brachypode. Species montane caulibus strictis: flores solitarii vel bini longissime pedicellati, vel in dichasio simplici laxo; calyx sub anthesi clavatus, fructifer oblongus; capsula carpophorum multies, raro tantum bis, superans. a. Caules florigeri e basi rosule foliorum terminalis lateraliter edentes. 173. 8. Griska, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. vii. p. 88 5 Rohrb., Monogr., p. 145. Jam primo aspectu a SQ. flavescente dignoscenda capsulis cernuis. The seeds are incorrectly described by Rohrbach ; I have examined and compared the seeds of authentic specimens, and their character should be amended as follows :—“ Semina tenuiter rugulosa, auriculiformia, compressa, - a of a. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 103 dorso granulato subcanaliculata vel fere plana, faciebus concaviuscula.” This character still further serves to distinguish the plant from the next two species. Hab. Syria; Mt. Lebanon. 174. SineNE Leprocuapa, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 647; Rohrb., Monogr, p. 145. Differt a priori, jam primo aspectu floribus longe pedicellatis, calycis striis anastomosantibus, dentibus obtusis, petalis breviter bifidis. Hah. Near Elmalu, in Anatolia. b. Caules e foliorum rosule medio edentes (terminales). a, Flores solitarii vel bini, longissime pedicellati. 175. S. rnavescens, Waldst. et Kit., Pl. Rar. Hung., ii. p. 19), t. 175 (1804); Retchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5090; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 146. According to Simonkai, the record of its occurrence in Transsylvania is erroneous. Rohrbach has joined with this species S. thessalonica, Boiss. et Heldr., but it seems better to separate it on account of the disposition of the flowers and other well-marked characters. Geogr. limits.—N. Hercules-bad, in Banat, Hungary. S. Island of Thasos, off the coast of Rumelia (Bornm. et Sint., n. 585, sub S. thessa- lonica). E. Szaszkam, near Be, in Wallachia. W. Croatia. 176. S. Monerantaa, mihi. Syn. S. monantha, Boiss. et Haussk. tn Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 99 (1888) ; non S. monantha, S. Wats. (1875). Glanduloso-pubescens cespitosa pumila. Caules stricti erecti simplices foliosi. Folia infima oblongo-spathulata in petiolum attenuata, cetera sessilia, latiora, ovato-cordata, amplexicaulia, mucronata. Calyx cylindrico-clavatus, umbilicatus, papillis albis hirsutus, striis virentibus, dentibus ovatis, acutis, albo- marginatis, fructifer nutans infra capsulam constrictus. Petala pallida, cuneata, biloba, unguibus exsertis, appendicibus trun- catis 4-dentatis. Capsula oblonga, carpophorum 95-6-plo superans. 104, MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Ex affinitate S. cordifolie et S. lazice, floribus solitaris et calyce post anthesin nutante insignis. The spelling of the name of this species has been slightly altered, as the name selected by Boissier is pre-occupied by a North American species described by the late Sereno Watson in 1875. Hab. Mt. Sindjar, in Mesopotamia. 177. SILENE FLAMMULHFOLIA, Steud. in Schimp., Iter Abyss., LU. n. 676, et A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 43 (1847); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 146. Hab. Mt. Silke, in the district of Semen, Abyssinia. B. CANESCENS, mthi. Planta incano-pubescens ; calycis nervis scabro-pubescentibus inter nervos subglabris, dentibus triangulari-ovatis, acutis. Syn. S. flammulefolia, Barbey, Pl. Arabic. Schweinf. (1889), in Herb. Kew. Hab. Gebel Schibam, above Menacha, in Arabia Felix. 8. Flores in dichasio laxo quasi pseudoracemosi. 178. S. THEssatonica, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. IT. i. p. 74. Velutino-canescens superne glanduloso-viscida, basi suffru- tescens. Caules adscendentes e basi ramosi superne breviter ramulosi. Folia rosularum inferioraque oblongo-spathulata, in petiolum attenuata, superiora linearia; bractese late albo- marginate ciliate. Florum pedicelli calycem equantes. Calyx cylindricus glanduloso-hirsutus, fructifer clavatus, evenius, striis viridibus, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis acutis. Petala ochro- lenca bifida, lobis linearibus, appendicibus binis parvis, oyatis, obtusis. Capsula oblonga, carpophorum 4-plo superans. Semina dorso granulato canaliculata, faciebus plana striata. Syn. 8. flavescens var. pluriflora, Griseb. in Herb. Vindob. S. flavescens, lusus 2, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 146. S. flavescens var. thessalonica, Bodss., I'l. Orient., suppl., p. 106. (reogr. limits—N. Mt. Chortiasch, above the city of Salonica, in Rumelia. i. Island of Thasos, off the coast of Rumelia. S. and W. Mt. Hagion Stephanos, in Thessaly, Greece, 1885 (Haussknecht, in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 48). a MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 105 179. SineNr MACRONYCHIA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 100. Glanduloso-pubescens. Caules semel vel bis dichotomi, erecti, foliosi, pauciflori. Folia inferiora, oblonga, acuta, basi breviter attenuata, intermedia ovata; bracte a basi sessili rotundata oblongo-lanceolate acuminate. Pedunculi calyci subeequilongi Gi florum alarium longiores). Calyx papillari-hispidulus, striis pallide virentibus, dentibus lanceolato-subulatis, fructifer sub capsula subconstrictus. Petala alba, bipartita, lobis lineari- oblongis, unguibus exsertis glabris, appendicibus triangularibus, elongatis. Capsula oblonga, carpophorum 4-plo superans. Precedenti valde affinis. Hab. Between the villages of Pewar and Alikhel, in the Kurram Valley, Afghanistan. 180. S. yemensis, Deflers, Voy. au Yemen, p. 112 (1889). Ceespitosa, velutino-canescens, viscidula. Caules_ erecti simplices vel dichotomi in racemum terminalem strictum unilateralem 3-5-florum abeuntes. Folia pubescentia, ciliata, inferiora conferta, longe petiolata, sepius acuminata, caulina pauca, parva, sessilia, lineari-lanceolata. Pedicelli erecti, bracteas vix superantes, apice subincrassati, = } calycis tubum. Calyx tubulosus, glandulosus, albidus, fructifer clavatus hirsu- tiusculus, nervis paullo prominentibus, purpureis, viridi- marginatis, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis. Petala pallide rosea, bifida, unguibus glabris, appendicibus parvis binis, linearibus, obtusis. Capsula ovata, carpophorum subequans. Hab. Yemen, in S.-W. Arabia. 181. S. saponica, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 689. Caulis pilis brevissimis hirsutiusculus, superne glaber. Folia coriacea, patentia, lineari-lanceolata, longe acuminata, carinata, punctulato-scabrida. Flores bini, terminales, ut videtur, racemum pauciflorum formantes ; bractew parve lineares recurve. Calyx albido-viridis, tubuloso-clavatus basi truncatus, striis viridibus per totam longitudinem reticuloso-venosus, dentibus lanceolatis recurvis, anguste albo-marginatis. Petala Saturate purpurea, unguibus calycem eequantibus glabris, lamina obovata bifida, lobis ovatis obtusis, appendicibus binis fornicatis ovatis. A species founded by Rohrbach on a single fragmentary specimen, and for the present doubtfully and tentatively placed in this group: in its collective characters appears to be distinct from other species. Hab. Proy. of Ouari, in the island of Nippon, Japan. 106 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Series 5. Brachyanthe. Species montane inflorescentid dichasiiformi valde composita ; calyx vel obconicus vel breviter clavatus, et tum hyalinus. a. Calyx obconicus. 182. Sinene rupestris, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. II. (1762) p. 602 ; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5091; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 147. Adde syn. S. alpestris, Willd. (ea Nym., Consp., p. 92). The character of the seeds varies in different descriptions. Geogr. limits —-N. Lapland. S. Sierra Nevada, in Andalusia. E. Werchoturie, in N. Siberia, 60°. W. Mtns. of Asturias, in N. Spain. 183. S. Menziesit, Hook., Fl. Amer. Bor., i. p. 90, t. 30 (1833) ; Kellogg, in Proc. Calif. Acad., iii. p. 44, f.12 (S. Dorrii) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 147. Adde : Caules foliosi. Petala non semper ecoronata. Hab. The mountains of N.-W. America from Oregon Territory ; Vancouver’s Island, the Rocky Mountains, and the Black Hills as far as Slave Lake; and in the United States from Vancouver's Island to Colorado, South California and New Mexico. 184. 8. cryproperata, Hilleb., Fl. Hawaiian Isl., p. 29 (1888). Caules proceri decumbentes ramosi. Folia lineari-lanceolata uninervia sensim breviter petiolata glabra apice atque basi acuta; bracteee cum prophyllis foliis conformes. Cyme axillares subpaniculate. omni inflorescentid paniculam longam thyrsoideam formante. Calyx clavatus viscoso - puberulus breviter dentatus, ore contracto. Corolla staminaque intra calycem inclusa. Petala pallida obovato-oblonga minuta emarginata ecoronata. Antherm ovoidesx obtuse basi bifide. Capsula coriacea, ovoidea carpophorum squans vel ab e0 paullum superata. Semina reniformia tuberculato-aculeata. The characters supplementary to those given in the original description are based upon the examination of authentic specimens. Hab. Hawaiian Islands. 220 eee ronan gene wat ay MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 107 b. Calyx hyalinus, breviter clavatus basi truncatus. 185. Strene Tarartnowm, Regel, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1861) p. 563; Rohrb., Monogr., p- 131, n. 99, et in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 681. Caules laxi, 30-60 centim. longi, procumbentes vel adscen- dentes, superne laxe et divaricatim ramosi, pilis minutis retrorsis puberulo-hirsuti. Folia e basi ovata oblongo-lanceolata, attenu- ato-acuminata, brevissime petiolata, hirtello-puberula. Flores in dichasio laxo plus minus composito, calyce paullum brevius pedicellati, ramis florigeris e foliorum inferiorum axillis seepe accedentibus; bractese herbacew, superiores minute ovato-vel lineari-lanceolatee longe acuminate, dense puberule. Calyx nervis viridibus superne vix anastomosantibus, dentibus lanceolatis, acutis, ciliatis. Petala rubella, unguibus longe exsertis, lamina obovata bifida, lobis oblongis, obtusis interdum emarginatis, utringue lacinulé parva obtusiuscula auctis, appendicibus binis oblongis. Capsula oblonga, carpophoram subsequans. Semina dorso convexa, faciebus plana obtuse granulata. Syn. Silene n. sp., Mazxim., Prim. Fl. Amur., suppl., p. 469. Rohrbach based the position of this species in his monograph only upon Regel’s description, but after he had examined the original specimens collected by Tatarinoff subsequently to the publication of his monograph, he rightly considered that the species should be transferred to this group, and should follow n. 131, where it is now placed in this revision. He Says :—“‘ Species, quum generis monographiam scripserim, mihi nisi ex cl. Regelii descriptione ignota. Itaque auctorem illum, qui speciem sinensem S. Schafta affinem esse dicat, secutus sum eamque, quum ex descriptione citata petalorum ungues auriculatos esse putarem inter Auriculatas enumeravi. Nunc autem speciminibus originalibus comparatis, ex inflo- rescentia composita calycisque forma naturalius mihi esse videtur, eam ad Brachyanthas numerare, inter quas juxta S. Lerchenfeldianam inserenda est. Hah. North China; prov. of Pe-chi-li, near Peking (Bretsch- neider), Jehol (David). 186. S. maceponica, Formanek, in Verh., Naturf. Ver. Briinn, xxxli. (1893) p. 183 [1894]. ; Caules florigeri e folioram rosule terminalis basi lateraltter adscendentes, debiles, simplices vel apice ramosi. # olia glaucescentia, velutino-pubescentia vel glabra, margine inter- dum breviter ciliolata, inferiora oblongo-spathulata in petiolum longum attenuata, obtusa, rosulata, media ovato-oblonga, 108 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. superiora lanceolata basi connata ; bractee lineares. Flores 3-4 axillares, ceteri cymam terminalem corymbosam 2-5 (speci- minibus pygmeis etiam unam)—floram formantes, breviter pedicellati. Calyx glaber, dentibus ovatis, obtusis. Petala alba, lanceolata-cuneata, obtusa. Capsula ovata, carpophoro duplo longior. Semina reniformia, tuberculata, dorso profunde canaliculata, faciebus concava. Ab has 8S. Lerchenfeldiana imprimis differt floribus roseis densius dispositis, petalis emarginatis, et capsulé carpophoro duplo longiore. Hab. Bulgaria. 187. Sinene LEercHenrenpIana, Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Trans- silv., i. p. 398 (1836); Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5091; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 148. Syn. S. rupestris (non Linn.), Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv., p. 105. Geogr. limits —N. Near Kronstadt, in the Transylvanian Alps (S. rupestris, Schur). S. Mt. Chortiasch, near Salonica, in Rumelia. HE. Mt. Rhodope, near Carlova, in Eastern Rumelia (S. Bulgaria). W. Mt. Kasovati, near Gergussowatz, in Servia. Series 6. Compacte. Species annuw, biennes, vel perennes. Flores in dichasio plus minus denso contracto capituliformi, brevissime pedi- cellati: calyx membranaceus glaber, nervis apice bifurcatim conjunctis; petala integra vel emarginata. 188. S. Armerta, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 420; Syme, Engl. Botany, ed. III. ii. p. 61, t. 204; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 149. Differt a sequente, cui valde affinis, radice annua nec bienni; bracteis linearibus margine tantum scariosis; dichasio minus contracto ; calyce paullum breviore, dentibus rotundatis non ciliatis ; carpophoro interdum breviore; seminum dorso angus- tiore. Hee planta occidentalis, orientalis illa. Adde syn. 8. latifolia, S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl, ii. p. 647. A species distributed throughout Central and Southern Europe; intro- duced in India, North America, Brazil, and probably elsewhere. The geographical area is not so wide as the references in many floras would seem ay MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 109 to justify, for the records in many localities are only such as would indicate it as an escape from gardens, where it is generally in cultivation, or in a state of semi-cultivation, and otherwise imperfectly taturalized. In England it is found occasionally by river-sides, in cornfields, and in waste places, but apparently only where it has escaped from gardens; and does not seem to be permanently naturalized. The pretensions of this species to a place in the British flora seem very slight. Dr. Richardson informed Dillenius that it grew on the banks of the River Dee half a mile below the city of Chester, but no one has confirmed his account. In the appendix to Hooker’s ‘Student’s Flora,’ it is mentioned among the excluded species as a casual. Similarly in Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden, it occurs sub- spontaneously. In the United States it is occasionally found on roadsides and in fields, having escaped from gardens; it has also been introduced into India and Brazil. In various localities in the northern provinces of Spain it is an uncertain denizen. The specimens found in Luxemburg appear to be naturally wild, as certainly the plant occurs under natural conditions in the neighbouring Prussian province of Rhine-land. Geogr. limits—N. Valley of the Moselle, in Rhenish Prussia. S. Sicily. E. Prov. of Koursk, in Russia (ea Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl.). W. Portugal. 189. Strene compacta, Fisch., Hort. Gorenk., ed. II. (1812) -p. 60; et in Hornem., Hort. Hafn., i. (1813) p. 417; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5093; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 149. Differt ab antecedente imprimis inflorescentid magis com- pacté, floribus longioribus, petalorum lamina integra, radice bienni. Geogr. limits. —N. Prov. of Podolia, in W. Russia. S. Amanus, N. Syria. E. In the Djimil Valley, Turkish Lazistan. W. The Banat, in Hungary. 190. S. Revrertana, Boiss. et Blanche, Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. IL. v. p. 54; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 150. Ab antecedente caule tenuiori, ramis lateralibus elongatis, foliis angustioribus, rameis brevissimis, floribus sparsis, petalis bilobis, distincta. Hab. Syria. 191. S. Astertas, Griseb., Spicil. Fl. Bith. Rumel., i. p. 168; Rouy, Illustr. Pl. Eur. Rar., fase. i. (1895) n. 4; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 150. 110 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Geogr. limits —N. Mt. Kopaonik, near Kruschewatz, in Servia. : S. and H#. Petrov Han, in the Balkans, N. Bulgaria, Velenovsky (1887). W. Herzegovina (ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., p- 89). B. Species annue. a. Inflorescentiee rami valde ineequales, altero in florem unum reducto, ita ut flores in foliorum axillis geminati esse videantur ; interdum inflorescentia superne scorpioidea. Series 7. Nicwenses. a. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. 192. StLENE RAMOSISSIMA, Desf., Fl. Atlant., i. (1798) p. 354; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 54, t. 394; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 151. B. GRAVEOLENS, Duf. (sp.) in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vi. (1860) p. 242. Flores Jonge pedunculati, axillaribus solitariis erectis, valde odorati, vespertini. Calycis dentes basi membran4 conjuncti. Petala rosea nec alba, lineari-bipartita. Desfontaines erroneously marked his plant as perennial, and this misled Dufour into describing S. graveolens as a distinct species. Geogr. limits—N. Near Salon, i. Near Tarragona, S. Near Oran, in Algeria. W. Morocco. 193. S. crverna, Desf., Fl. Atlant., i. (1798) p. 355; Coss., Tlustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 138, t. 89. Adde: Caulis 30-60-centim. longus, virgatus, superne vel a medio dichotome ramosus, seepe fere a basi ramos axillares cauli conformes emittens, sub lente crebre punctiformi-puberulus pilis eglandulosis. Bracte herbacew. Culyx fructifer superne clavatus infra capsulam angustatus. Capsula carpophoro pubes- cente paullum longior. Semina compressa, faciebus profunde auriculiformi-excavata, dorso plana granulata. bin Catalonia, Spain. Rohrbach had not seen the plant, but trusting apparently to Soyer- Willemet’s description, placed it after S. Kremeri: as the fructiferous calyx is contracted at the mouth, it should come after S. ramosissima. Hab. Algeria. hy MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. lll b. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. 194. Strenr Kremert, Soy.-Will. et Godr., Sil. Alg., p. 31; Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 140, t. 90; Rohrb., Monogr, p. 151. Adde: Caulis 10-60-centim. longus, virgatus, superne vel a medio dichotome ramosus. Folia inferiora obtusa, superiora obtusa, vel sepe acuta. Bractew herbacem, longe ciliate. Petala albida, ochrolenca, unguibus ciliatis. Capsula car- pophoro pubescente paullum brevior. Semina compressa, faciebus auriculiformi-subconcava, dorso obtuse canaliculata tuberculata. | Hee species habitu S. cineree affinis, sed distincta calyce fructifero superne ovato- vel subgloboso-clavato infra capsulam constricto, petalorum unguibus dorso glabris, marginibus ciliatis, filamentis in parte inferiore pubescenti-ciliatis, carpo- phori longitudine, seminibus faciebus subconcavis dorso canaliculatis. As in the previous species, Rohrbach did not examine any specimens, but relied on Soyer-Willemet’s description, to which are here added other characters given by Cosson in his account of the plant. Hab. Algeria. 195. S. cirrensis, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant., p. 328. Caulis erectus, robustus, e basi ramosus, ramulis strictis, brevissime pubescens. Folia glauca, obovata vel oblonga, superiora sublinearia, omnia puberula, ciliata. Flores breviter pedunculati. Calyx tubulosus, fructifer ovoideo-oblongus infra Capsulam constrictus, nervis pilis articulatis vestitis, superne reticulato-venosus, dentibus obtusis oblongis. _ Petala bifida, unguibus ciliatis, appendicibus brevibus_bilobis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula oblongo-ovoidea carpophorum quater superans. Semina brunea, faciebus excavata striata. Hab. Environs of Constantine, Algeria. 196. S. x1cmensis, All, Mise. Taurin., v. p. 88; Fl. Pedem., ii. (1785) p. 81, t. 44; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 152. Adde syn. S. Vallesiaca, Link., Handb., 11. p. 244. A biennial species, according to E. Tanfani. Geogr. limits.—S. and E. Cyprus. N. Island of Lido, near Venice (Kellner, ex Tanfant, in Parl., Fl. Italiana, ix. p. 394 [1892]}). 112 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. b. Flores in dichasio composito regulari, ramis xequalibus vel raro paullum insequalibus. Series 8. Atocia. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. Semina faciebus curvato-excavata, vel subglobosa profunde umbilicata. a. Semina faciebus curvato-excavata (concaviuscula). a. Semina dorso, tubereulorum seriebus 3 ornato, plano- convexa medio leviter canaliculata. 197. Sirens Fuscata, Link, ap. Brot., Fl. Lusit., ii. (1804) p. 187; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 65, t. 48 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 153. Geogr. limits.—N. Liguria; the Gulf of Genoa. HE. Beyrout, in Syria. S. Algeria. W. Near Lisbon. 198. S. Psrupo-Arocton, Desf., Fl. Atlant., i. (1798) p. 353; Willk., Ic. Deser. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 66, t. 49; Rohrb., Monogr., p- 154. Valde affinis S. fuscate, a qua differt caule e basi ramoso; floribus non appropinquatis; calyce longiore haud umbilicato, nervis reticulato-venosis, commissuris glabris, dentibus acutis ; carpophoro pubescente multo longiore; seminibus paullum majoribus. B. ORANENSIS, Battand., Fl. de Algérie, p. 188 (1888). Petala maxima obovato-cuneata subemarginata. Capsula carpophorum subequans. Hab. Majorca, in the Balearic Isles, and Algeria; also near Jerez, in Andalusia, Perez Lara (1886). 8. Semina dorso obtuse canaliculata. + Calyx evenius. 199. S. pivaricata, Clem., Elench. Hort. Madrit. (1806), p- 103; Willk., Ic. Deser. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. p. 50, t. 35; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 154. Habitu hee valde accedit ad S. sedoidem, a qua differt omnium partium magnitudine; pubescentie modo; calycis evenii dentibus lanceolatis acutis seminum forma diversissima. » ee a” MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 113 B. Witixommrana, J. Gay (sp.), ap. Coss., Not. Pl. Crit., ii. (1850) p. 32; Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 660. Robustior, ramosissima, dense hirsuta, valde viscosa, foliis carnosulis, corolla pallida. Geogr. limits.—N. Sierra de Carascoy, near Murcia. S. Dschebel Santo (Sacred Mountain), in Algeria. E. Dschemma Ghazawat, in Algeria. W. Andalusia, near Malaga. 200. SILENE RUBELLA, Brot., Fl. Lusit., ii. (1804) p. 188; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., p. 66, t. 488; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 155. Differt a S. fuscatd, cui habitu valde accedit, calyce hand umbilicato, scabride nec viscoso-pubescente, dentibus rotun- datis ; carpophoro multo breviore; seminum forma; a ceteris magis distat. The Linnean description is loosely worded, and does not sufficiently identify the plant, which is described from Portuguese specimens. It is as follows :—“ Radix annua. Caulis erectus, rectus, vix pedalis, non ramosus. Folia inferiora cuneiformia obtusa, superiora lanceolata ; articulus supremus caulis longior. Flores conferti caulem terminant, dichotomi, 3 vel 7. Calyces glabri, csesii, subglobosi, venosi. Corolle rubre, bifide, nectariferee, vix unquam aperte, minutissime et vix conspicue.” Adde syn. S. antirrhina, Otth, in DC. Prodr.,i. p. 378 (non Ivinn.). Geogr. limits.—N. Monserrat, in Catalonia. S. Upper Egypt. E. Near Bagdad, in Asiatic Turkey. W. Near Lisbon. 201. S. Berciana, Lindm. in Act. Hort. Berg., i. (1891) p. 3, n. 6, f. 1-8. Caulis erectus simplex vel rarius e basi ramosus, pilis recurvis scabride puberulus. Folia inferiora ovato-spathulata ad basin attenuato-petiolata, obtusissima, superiora oblongo- lanceolata, acuta, basi angustata, omnia ciliata; bractew et prophylla undulate late lineares, acuminate, ciliate, puberule. Dichasium remotifloruam; pedicelli fructiferi calycem usque 3-plo superantes. Calyx pallide virens 9 mm. long. obovato- cylindraceus, fructifer obovato-turbinatus, basi attenuatus, haud umbilicatus, puberulus, dentibus subtriangulari-rotundatis albido-marginatis lanuginoso-ciliatis, nervis latis viridibus. LINN. JOURN.—RBOTANY, VOL. XXXII. J 114 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Petala pallide rosea, bifida, unguibus superne paullum connatis, laminai minuté obcordata, appendicibus binis parvis leviter emarginatis, non in tubum connatis. Capsula ovoidea carpo- phorum 3-4-plo superans. Syn. 8. rubella, Hort. Olyssiponensis. Hab. Portugal. 202. Sinene TURBINATA, Guss., Fl. Sicule Prodr., i. (1827) p. 506; Moris, Fl. Sardoa, i. (1837) p. 249, t. 14 (S. rubella var. brachypetala). Caulis erectus, simplex vel e basi ramosus, glaber. Folia radicalia lanceolato-spathulata, obtusa, media lanceolata acuta, superiora linearia acuminata, omnia margine scabra, uninervia. Flores laxe paniculato-fasciculati, breviter pedicellati. Calyx albidus clavatus basi in petiolum attenuatus, fructifer turbi- natus, dentibus rotundatis obtusis, late albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala rosea bifida, unguibus inclusis, lamindé minima obcor- data, lobis obovato-linearibus, appendicibus bilobis, inter se connatis. Capsula ovata carpophorum ter superans. A S. rubellé certissime diversa. Hab. Sardinia and Sicily. 203. S. secetatis, Duf. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vii. (1860) p. 241. Caulis erectus, dichotome ramosus, pruinoso-pubescens. Folia ovato-oblonga, omnia margine undulata, ad basin attenuata, ciliata. Flores erecti. Calyx purpurascens glaber, breviter tubulosus, fructifer turbinato-clavatus, dentibus ovatis, obtusis, late albo-marginatis, lanuginoso-ciliatis. Petala emarginata rosea, appendicibus oblongis, bilobis, inter se connatis. Capsula ovato-oblonga, carpophorum bis terve superans. Syn. 8. patula, Lag. ex Duf,, l.c., p. 242 (non Desf.). S. rubella, Soy.-Will. et Godr., Sil. d’Algér, p. 37 (non Linn. ?) S. undulata, Pourr. in Herb. Salvad., n. 109 (non Ait.), fide Rohrb., Monogr., p. 155. S. stricta, Achar. in Herb. Holm. (non Linn.), fide Lindm. Geogr. limits —N. Tudela, in Navarre. H. Tunis. S. Algeria. W. Near Cadiz, in Andalusia. ~ MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 115 tt Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. 204. SrneNe arciLiosa, Munby, in’ Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xi. (1864) p. 44; Coss., Ilustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 141, t. 91. Pubescenti-glandulosa. Caules 14-40 centim. longi, erecti, superne dichotomi, plures vel solitarii, pilis inferioribus, cris- pulis longioribus, superioribus brevibus. Folia haud undulata, margine ciliato-scabra ; inferiora obovato-oblonga vel oblonga obtusa, inferne attenuata; superiora lanceolata, acuta, inferne hand attenuata; bractew herbacew, pedicellis breviores. Flores erecti, longissime pedicellati, dichotomiis plus minus diver- gentibus. Calyx oblongo-tubulosus, basi umbilicatus, pallide virescens vel rubescens, fructifer superne cylindraceus infra cap- sulam angustatus, nervis viridibus, dentibus ovato-triangularibus subacutis, albo-marginatis, lanuginoso-ciliatis. Petala rosea, unguibus parum exsertis, Jamind integra oblongo-cuneati, appendicibus oblongis integris et omnibus ad coronam superne crenulatam adnatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovato-cylin- drica carpophoro subtriplo lougior. Semina reniformia, com- presso-subglobosa, dorso lato tuberculorum seriebus_tribus ornato. Habitu notisque plurimis affinis S. fuscata, sed differt dentibus calycinis subacutis non obtusiusculis, petalis ad faucem lamella integra non emarginato-biloba donatis, capsula ovato-cylindracea, carpophoro brevi. By Rohrbach joined with S. rubella, but is essentially distinct, as Cosson shows. Hab. Prov. of Oran, in Algeria. b. Semina subglobosa tuberculata profunde umbilicata. Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. 205. S. meypriaca, Linn. f., Suppl. Plant., p. 241; Linn., Sp. Plant, ed. 1. p.415 (Cucubalus) ; Jacq., Hort. Vindob., iii. (1776) p- 19, t. 32 (S. Atocion) ; Rohkrb., Monagr., p. 156. Adde syn. S. atocia, St. Lag. in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, vii. (1880) p. 134. S. retroflexa, Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed I. p. 780; ed. LH. p. 087. Geogr. limits.—N. Cilicia, in Asia Minor. E. Prov. of Aleppo. S. Egypt, near Alexandria. W. Algeria, near Tiaret. 116 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 206. SILENE VIRESCENS, Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fasc. iv. (1890) p. 148, t. 92. Caules 15-30-centim. longi, erecti, ad medium vel superne dichotomi, glanduloso-pubescentes. Folia haud undulata, pilis bulbosis conspersa, margine ciliata ; inferiora obovata vel ovato- oblonga obtusa inferne in petiolum attenuata; caulina ovato- oblonga; bractew pedicellis subduplo breviores. Flores Jongis- sime pedicellati, pedicellis post anthesin patentibus, dichotomiis divergentibus vel divaricatis. Calyx pallide virescens, oblongo- tubulosus, basi umbilicatus, fructifer cylindraceo-dilatatus, apice haud contractus infra capsulam angustatus, dentibus triangularibus, acutis, albo-marginatis ciliatis. Petala purpu- rascentia, unguibus exsertis, lamina minut& oblongo-cuneata emarginata, appendicibus bipartitis minutis acutis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula cylindracea subsessilis carpophorum multies superans. Semina reniformia. Ab ea S. divaricata differt villositate omnium partium multo longiore, foliis angustioribus plerisque lanceolatis, acutis, calyce in nervis anastomosantibus longe hirsuto, fructifero superne oblongo, inferne attenuato, petalorum lamella elongata in lobos lineares acutos bipartité, capsuld demtim calycem excedente, superne paullulum attenuata, seminibus striatis latius depressis et dorso obtuse canaliculatis. Hab. S.W. Morocco. 207. S. arociowwEs, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or. Ser. I. v. p. 83; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 156. Ad S. egyptiacam valde affinis, a qua differt bracteis herbaceis, foliis minoribus acutioribus, capsulé breviore, et presertim seminum forma et magnitudine. Hab. S. Anatolia. 208. S. mexivensts, Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 144, t. 93. Pubescenti- glandulosa. Caules erecti vel diffuso-adscen- dentes, dichotome ramosi. Folia haud undulata, pilis basi bulboso-incrassatis conspersa, margine ciliata; inferiora obovata vel obovato-oblonga, obtusa, in petiolum brevem attenuata ; caulina ovata vel ovato-oblonga, obtusa rarius acuta. Bractex pedicellis breviores. Flores longe pedicellati, dichotomiz ramis divergentibus, ramo altero dichotomiarum interdum abortu unifloro vel deficiente. Calyx albido-virescens vel rubescens A MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 117 oblongo-tubulosus, umbilicatus, fructifer dilatatus, oblongus, superne attenuatus, infra capsulam angustatus, nervis pilis patentibus vestitis, dentibus ovato-triangularibus rotundatis albo-marginatis, longe ciliatis. Petala purpurascentia, unguibus exsertis, lamina oblongo-cuneata, emarginata, appendicibus binis elongatis lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, inter se liberis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovato-oblonga sub-sessilis carpophoro 4—5-plo longior. S. virescenti villositate brevi magis proxima, sed distincta calyce fructifero oblongo superne attenuato, non cylindraceo, petalis multo majoribus, appendicibus binis lineari-lanceolatis, capsula ovato-oblonga superne attenuata. Hab. Djebel Sadig, near Mekinez, in Morocco. 209. Sitene pELIcATULA, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 1. i. p.41; Rohri., Monogr., p. 157. Hab. Cilicia, in Asia Minor. 210. S. rvsutaris, Barbey, in Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. (1885), p- 220; Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 95. Breviter et crispule pubescenti-viscida, obscure virens. Caules plures ascendenti-prostrati fragillimi 2-5-flori. Folia minima, ovato-oblonga, obtusa, infima brevissime petiolata, Suprema sessilia, elliptica, acuta. Flores ob dichotomie ramum alterum abortivum solitarii, peduncnlo filiformi eis 2-3-plo longiore suffulti. Calyx florifer tubulosus, fructifer ovato-oblongus, dentibus oblongis obtusis. Petala rosea, unguibus paullulum exsertis, lamind vblongé. Capsula ovata carpophoro 6-plo longior. Semina muriculata, dorso plano- Convexiuscula, faciebus plana. Affinis precedenti, caulibus elongatis erectis valde dicho- tomis, foliis acutis, calyce longiore obconico, capsula carpophoro tantum duplo longiore, seminibus muriculatis, ab hacce dis- tincta. Facies S. sedoidis. Hab. Mt. Kalolamni, in the island of Scarpanto, in the Turkish Archipelago. Series 9. Rigidule. Calyx fructifer apice non contractus. Semina faciebus plana. A. Semina dorso utrinque ala undulata ornato canaliculata. 211. S. nana, Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., xv. (1842) p. 169; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 157. 118 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. S. clandestine quadammodo ex habitu similis, pluribus notis autem diversissima,—petalis integris, calyce fructifero ampliato, foliis acuminatis, glabris, margine pilis raris ciliatis nec scabris, seminibus ala undulaté marginatis. By Ledebour (‘ Fl. Rossica,’ i. p. 777, in suppl.) placed in the group Elisanthe, which is now a section of the genus Melandryum. From an examination of the capsules of dried specimens in Herb. Kew, I sm inclined to agree with this view, as I was unable to detect the remains of septa at the base of the capsules I examined; but I should prefer not to be responsible for excluding the species from Silene unless I had the opportunity of examining the fresh capsules of living plants. Boissier (Fl. Orient., i. p. 581) has “ capsula basi trilocularis,” though the statement seems based only on presumptive evidence. Geogr. limits.—N. Agathme, in Turkestan. Beluchistan. The spring of Sassyk-pastan, in the Desert of Soungaria. W. Kerman, in S.E. Persia. B. Semina dorso plana. a. Capsula carpophorum bis superans. 212. Smmene Husson, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 76; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 158. Hab. Wadi Sannonr, in the Egypto-Arabian Desert. b. Capsula carpophorum equans vel paullum superans. 213. S. riaiputa, Sibth. et Sm., Prodr. Fl. Grec., i. p. 299 ; Fl. Greca, v. p. 21, t. 480; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 158. Adde syn. S. methanwa, Heldr. Exs. Herb. Norm., n. 828. Haussknecht is disposed to consider this species as merely a form of S. portensis, in which the capsule and carpophore are nearly of the same length : there is no difference in the seeds of the two plants. Geogr. limits —N. Mt. Hymettus, near Athens. E. Island of Rhodes. W. Mt. Malevo, in the Morea. S. Island of Crete. 214. S. EcninospeRMA, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 78; Rohrb. Monogr, p. 158. Differt a priori, cui valde affinis, presertim colore petalorum et seminibus. Hab. Mt. Taygetus, in the nome of Messenia, Greece. So pemanenmanp * MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. L19 215. Sinene suncea, Sibth. et Sm., Prodr. Fl. Grec., 1. p. 297 (1806) ; Fl. Greca, v. p. 15, t. 421; Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard., 1. t. 92 (S. picta); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 159 (S. picta). A prioribus, floribus brevissime pedicellatis jam primo aspectu distingui potest. Adde syn. 8. reticulata, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol., i. p. 426 (non Desf.). B. PALLIDA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 605. Pallide virens. Rami strictiores. Calycis nervi pallidiores. Petalorum lobi angustiores acutiores, nervis paucis non anastomosantibus. Syn. S. syriaca, Reut. in Cat. Hort. Genev. (1857), p. 4. S. filiformis, Hhrenb. Herb., an Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 376 P To avoid confusion of names and dates, it is best to follow Boissier in the name for this species in place of 8S. picta, Pers. (1805). Persoon identifies with his plant S. bicolor, Thore, which is certainly a synonym of S. portensis (the next species), but Rohrbach seems to infer that Persoon’s brief diagnosis of S. picta does not accurately describe authentic speci- mens of S. picta, Thore, and while admitting the latter as a synonym of S. portensis, credits Persoon with a new species with Thore’s name tacked on to it. This subordination of the law of common sense to the law of priority only tends to bring the latter more into disrepute than it already is. Inaccuracy and ambiguity in Persoon’s brief description is much more likely than actual differences in the authentic specimens. Compare also S. picta, Desf., Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. I. p. 159 (1804), which Rohrbach refers also to the next species ; also S. picta, DC., Pl. Rar. Hort. Genev. Geogr. limits—N. and W. Island of Rhodes (Bourgeau, 1888). S. Sidon, in Syria. E. Baalbec, in the Lebanon (var. £). c. Capsula carpophoro bis terve superata. 216. S. portensis; Linn., Sp. Plant, ed. I. p. 420; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5074; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 159. Geogr. limits.—N. Liguria, in Italy (Tanfani, in Parl. Fi. Italiana, ix.). S. Andalusia, in Spain. E. Island of Negropont, in the Greek Archi- pelago. W. Near Oporto, Portugal. 120 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. C. Semina dorso canaliculata. a. Capsula carpophoro ter quaterve superata. 217. Stuene revicunara, Desf., Fl. Atlant., i. (1798) p. 350, t. 99; Rohrb., Monoyr., p. 160. Hab. Mt. Atlas, in Algeria. b. Capsula carpophorum sequans. a, Filamenta villoso-ciliata. 218. S. Korscnyt, Boiss., Diagn Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 40. Breviter pruinoso-pubescens, superne viscidula, viridis. Caulis gracilis superne dichotome ramosus, ramis filiformibus rigidis. Folia inferiora anguste lineari-lanceolata, mucronata, supe- riora linearia; bractese et prophylla setacew, acute, albo- marginatw ciliate. Flores mediani calyce multo longius pedicellati, flores laterales calyce brevius pedicellati. Calyx papilloso-hirtulus, tubuloso-clavatus, evenius, truncato-umbili- catus, fructifer ublongo-clavatus, infra capsulam leviter con- strictus, dentibus lanceolatis acuminatis, ciliatis. Petala rosea, emarginato-bifida, cuneata, appendicibus binis rotundatis. Capsula ovato-oblonga. B. MaRitimA, Bovss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 602. 7-10 centim. alt., humilior, internodia abbreviata. Syn. S. microsperma, Fenzl, Pugill. Plant. Nov. Syr., p. 9; n. 27. Y- EXSUDANS, Boiss. et Heldr. (sp.), Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 1. vill. p. 76; Fl. Ortent., i. p. 602. Inferne crispule puberula, superne viscidula, a basi divari- catim et dichotome ramosissima, pumila. Calyx viridi-vittatus. Capsula ovata. Hab. Tchinova, and near Adalia, in Anatolia. 6, EFFUSISSIMA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 95. Caules 45-centim. longi, longe et tenuissime ramosissimi. Appendices corolle acutiores, triangulares. Hab. Mt. Avroman, prov. of Marasch, and Mt. Schahu, in Kurdistan. e. CASSIA, Botss. (sp.), Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 78; Rohrb. Monogr., p. 160. Inferne papilloso-scabridula, superne glabra viscida. Caules Ya MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 121 e basi ramosi. Flores omnes calyce longius pedicellati. Petala alba, profundius bifida. Hab. N. Syria; Mt. Cassius. ¢. CORINTHIACA, Boiss. et Heldr. (sp.), Boiss., Fl. Orieut., suppl., p. 96. Calyx glaber rnbellus, dentibus ovatis, obtusis, alternis, mucronulatis. Petala albida. Hab. Lutraki, on the Corinth Canal (Heldreich). There is some ambiguity and confusion in Rohrbach’s account of the various forms of this polymorphous species. The grouping of the varieties as given above is based upon my examination of the material at Kew. Geogr. limits—N. Prov. of Marasch, in Turkey in Asia (forma typica). S. Mt. Lebanon (forma typica). EH. Mt. Schahu, in Kurdistan (var. ¢). W. Lutraki, on the Corinth Canal (var. ¢). 219. Stnene tntricata, Post, in Post et Autran, in Bull, Herb. Boiss., iii. (Apr., 1895) p. 154. Inferne et usque ad inflorescentiw basin tenuissime papilloso- aspera, superne glabra viscida. Caules numerosi, erecti, effuse et intricatim paniculati, ramis filiformibus. Folia graminosa, linearia, plana, papilloso-scabridula, superiora decrescentia. Pedunculi calyce multo breviores. Calyx glaberrimus, evenius, rubro-lineatus, dentibus ovatis, obtusis. Petala viridia, cuneata, ultra medium bipartita, appendicibus binis minimis denti- formibus. Species precedentis var. effusissime affinis, differt foliis planis non complicatis, calyce glaberrimo rubro- (nec viridi-) lineato dentibus ovatis obtusis, petalis viridibus. Hab. Mt. Gaiour-dagh, in prov. of Aleppo (n. 302). B. Filamenta glabra. 220. S. carrensis, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 40) (1842) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 161. | Adde : Caulis gracilis, superne dichotome ramosus. Lamina magna cuneato-obcordata, appendicibus linearibus, unguibus glabris. Species elegans facie Hudianthes Celi-rose. Hab. Anatolia. 122 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 221. SILENE INTEGRIPETALA, Bory et Chaub., Fl. Pelopon., p. 27, n. 687, t. 14 (1832) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 161. Hab. Morea, in Greece. 222. S. naconica, Boiss. et Orph., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. U. vi. p. 34; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 165. S. pentelice affinis, sed differt preesertim floribus majoribus, petalis bilobis. Hab. Mt. Malevo, in the nome of Laconia, Greece. 223. S. arenosa, C. Koch, in Linnea, xv. (1841) p. 711; Stschegl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1853), 1. p. 322, t. 95 (S. Kowalewskyi) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 161. S. linearis est planta major, foliis latioribus, calyce reticulato- venoso. Geogr. limits—N. Nakhtschewan, on the R. Aras, in Russian Armenia. S. Lake of Nemeckdenja, in S. Persia. E. Peshawur, in the Punjab. W. Ruins of Babylon, prov. of Bagdad. 224, S. Linnaris, Decne., Fl. Sinaic., in Ann. Sc. Nat., Sér. II. iii. (1835) p. 276; Rohkrb., Monogr., p. 162. A. S. Kotschyi differt caule crassiore albido, foliis minus tenuibus, calycis dentibus margine membranacgis non ciliatis. Geogr. area.—The Egypto-Arabian Desert. N. Wadi Hebran, in Arabia Petrea. S. Between Kosseir and Ras Benass, on the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea (Schwein- furth). HE. The peninsula of Mt. Sinai (Schweinfurth). W. Bir Beda, near Suez. c. Capsuia carpophorum 2-4.plo superans. a. Flores laterales calyce brevius pedicellati. 225. S. cumtovonra, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 39; Rohrd., Monogr., p. 162. Facies S. Muscipule, sed calyx fructifer apice non contractus, nervis non anastomosantibus. Adde syn. S, debilis, Stapf, in Denkschr. Akad. Wien., li. (1886) 282. 8. PIrtopEs, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 606; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 162. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 123 Varietas humilis viscosissima, ramis abbreviatis, floribus omnibus brevissime pedicellatis. Geogr. limits.—N. Turkey in Asia; prov. of Orfah, near the R. Euphrates. S. S. Persia. Hi. N. Persia; Schahrud, in prov. of Khorassan. W. Syria; near Beyrout. 226. Sinenr striata, Rohrb. in Bot. Zeitung, xxv. (1867) p. 83; Monogr., p, 163. Adde: Calyx anguste cylindricus inter costas elevatas sulcato-striatus, fructifer clavatus. Facie et characteribus valde affinis formis pumilis S. Kotschyt, quacum confusa fuerat et a qua differt calyce glaberrimo, pedunculis crassioribus, appendicis corolle forma, filamentis glabris, et carpophori longitudine. Hab. Near Baalbec, in the Lebanon. B. Flores luterales calyce longius pedicellati. + Petala e calyce exserta. 227. S. pinetoruM, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 75; Raul., Ile de Créte, p. 600, t. 9; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 164. Differt a S. pentelicd rigiditate, foliorum forma, pedunculis longioribus, forma capsule. Hab. Crete. 228. S. seporpes, Poir., Voy. Barb., ii, p. 164; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5064 b; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 164. A priori differt calyce oblongo reticulato-venoso, capsula oblonga carpophoro breviore, seminibus multo minoribus. Adde syn. §. delicatula, Bertol., Fl. Italica, iv. p. 624. S. sicula, Cyr., ex Schrank, in Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb., i. (1822) p. 46. B. LAXA, Haussk. in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 51. Caules_elongati, tenuiora, pallide viridia, internodiis valde remotis. unguibus exsertis. Hab. Vromolimni, in S. Greece. subflaccidi, filiformes. Folia majora, Petala, 124 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. . PACHYPHYLLA, Haussk. in Nym. Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., il. p. 55 (1889) [nomen]; Haussk. in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 51. Caules crassiores, rigidi, dense glanduloso-viscosi, lateralibus swpe prostratis, elongatis. Folia basilaria majora, obovato- spathulata, apice rotundata, omnia crassa, pilis longioribus obtecta, summa ovata. Inflorescentia divaricatim et laxe cymosa. Calyx obovoideo - clavatus, dentibus latioribus obtusioribus. Capsula carpophoro bis longior. Hab. Near Athens. Geogr. limits —N. Istria, in Austria (ex Nym., Consp. Fl. EHur.). S. and H. Near Sidon, in Syria. W. Carthagena, in prov. of Marcia (Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 661). 229. Sinene pentenica, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. vii. p. 74; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 164. Tota patule et breviter hirsuta viscida. Caulis humilis e basi divaricatim ramosissimus. Folia radicalia oblongo- spathulata, obtusa, floralia sensim diminuta, oblongo-linearia. Inflorescentia divaricatim et laxe cymosa, nec superne subra- cemosa; pedicelli fructiferi erecti, florum dichotomialium calyce multo longiores. Calyx papillari--viscidus, obconico-ovatus, umbilicatus, nervis anastomosantibus, dentibus ovatis obtusis. Petala rosea, cuneata, retusa, appendicibus bipartitis, segmentis oblongis, unguibus longius exsertis. Capsula crustacea nec membranacea, oblonga, carpophorum ter superans. Semina transverse striata. Affinis pracedenti, differt cymis regulariter dichotomis, pedunculis longioribus erectis, laminis longius exsertis. Hab. Livadia ; Mt. Pentelicus, between Athens and Marathon. 230. S. Haussxnecutnu, Heldr., Pl. exsicc. in Itin. Gree. (1885) ; et in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 51. Caulis humilis, e basi divaricatim ramosus, scabro-pubescens, glandulosus. Folia subcarnosa scabro-pubescentia, glandulosa, inferiora lanceolato-spathulata, obtusiuscula, ciliata, superiora elliptico-ovata, acutiuscula, brevissima, summa lanceolata, magis acuta. Calyx glanduloso-viscosus, clavato-cylindricus, umbili- catus, fructifer oblongo-clavatus, infra capsulam constrictus, Bd MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 125 nervis anastomosantibus, dentibus ovatis obtusis albcmarginatis ciliatis. Petala rosea, lamind ovato-rotundaté, integra, venis obscurioribus percursd, appendicibus bidentatis. Capsula carpophoro ter longior. Affinis preecedenti, differt foliis latioribus minus obtusis, calyce angustiore, petalis integris, appendicibus bidentatis, etc. Described from authentic specimens in Herb. Kew. Hab. On the peak of Zygos of Mt. Pindus, above Metzovo, upon the frontier between Greece and the Turkish province of Epirus. tt Petala tota in calyce inclusa sive nulla. 231. Sirens mnaperta, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 419 (non Linn. Herb., que = S. multicaulis, Guss.) ; Dill., Hort. Eltham., p. 424, t. 315, fig. 407; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 165. Forma FOLIOsA, mht. Planta cespitosa ; caules foliosi; folia carnosula basi ciliolata. Hab. Villa Nova de Portimao, in Portugal, 1847 (Welw., Herb. Algarb., n. 693). B. ARAGONENSIS, Pau, Not. Bot. Fl. Espan., i. p. 21 (1887) ; Willk., Prodr. Fl. Hisp., suppl., p. 281 (1893). Calyx nervis vix anastomosantibus. Petala bidentata, denti- bus nec divergentibus. Hab, Aragon. Geogr. limits.—N. France, depart. of Drome. E. Corsica, near Calvi. S. Canary Isles. W. Madeira. Series 10. Letocalycine.* Calyx fructifer apice contractus. Calyx glaber vel brevissime scabrius-culus, vel rarius glanduloso-pubescens. a. Calyx evenius. a. Calyx dentibus acutis. 232. S. orerica, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 420; Dill., Hort. Eltham., p. 423, t. 314, fig. 404; Lohrb., Monogr., p. 167. * The characters of this and the next series are modified in accordance with the suggestions of C. M. Lindman (1891). 126 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Adde syn. S. Dilleniana, Schott, in Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris. ed. III. p. 264 (vide Rohrb., Monogr., p. 228, uti sp. dubia). Ex syn. 8. tenuiflora, Guss. (species propria). In a few floras this species is described as having nerves anastomosing on the calyx, but in all the authentic specimens I have examined, the ten simple prominent nerves have been quite free from any secondary or con- necting strie: this is the more easy to demonstrate, since the surface of the calyx is quite glabrous. This polymorphous species is generally distributed through almost the whole of the Mediterranean region, and from thence into the warmer parts of Central Europe: being sometimes introduced with flax, it has become naturalized elsewhere, as almost to appear indigenous. 233. Stnene Uncert, Fenzl, in Unger, Reise in Criechenl., p. 136 (1862) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 155, n. 145. Hee species pulchra ex cl. Heldreichii observationibus et ex speciminibus fructiferis, calyce fructifero apice contracto gaudet ideo non inter Seriem 8 — Atocia — sed juxta S. antirrhinam militat: vide Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift, 1878, p. 29. Ergo planta iterum hic descripta est. Caulis erectus superne vel e basi paullum ramosus, glaberri- mus superne viscidus. Folia inferiora rosulata, obovato- spathulata, obtusissima, hirtello-puberula, ciliolata, superiora lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, acuta; bractese cum prophyllis parve acute ciliate. Pedunculi tenues calyce multo longiores. Calyx cylindrico-clavatus, rubellus, basi attenuatus, subumbili- catus, nervis saturatius rubellis prominentibus, dentibus ovatis, acuminatis, late albo-marginatis. Petala purpurea, unguibus exsertis, lamina oblongé integra vel vix emarginata, appen- dicibus binis elongatis, lanceolatis. Capsula_ ovali-oblonga, carpophorum equans. Semina tuberculata, dorso convexa, faciebus planiuscula. Syn. S. setolica, Heldr. in Atti, Congr. Bot. Firenze (1874), p. 239. S. Rohrbachiana, Aschers., mss. in Pl. Schrad. e Corcyrd. Hab. Greece.—N. and W. Corfu S. Ithaca FE. Near Mesolonghi, in Livadia. Vin the Ionian Islands. 234. S. Granpirtora, Franch., Pl. Yunnan. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiii. (1886) p. 427; Pl. Delavay., t. 23. Caulis elatus e basi ramosus, ramis gracilibus elongatis, tenuiter retrorsum pubescentibas, ultra medium foliatis. Folia MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 127 e basi brevissime attenuata vel subrotunda anguste lanceolata, longe acuminata, scabrida, margine ciliata; bractese cum prophyllis paullum minores angustiores. Flores pauci, pedi- cellis, presertim in flore primario, elongatis pubescentibus. Calyx clavato-tubulosus rubescens, pubescens, inferne angus- tatus et leviter umbilicatus, dentibus ovatis. Petala intense rubra, unguibus exsertis, glabris, in auriculas rotundatas erosas dilatatis, lamin& obcordaté biloba lobis rotundatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovata carpophorum equans. A plant with very large flowers, and in thia respect rather resembling a species of Eudianthe or Lychnis; but the ovary is trilocular at the base, and the dehiscent capsule has six teeth. The petals are nearly 30 mm. long, and 12 mm. across at the broadest part of the blade; and the broadly auriculate claws distinguish it from most of the annual species of the section Dichasiosilene. It may be here observed that the majority of the 17 species of Silene from Yun-nan, described by Mons. Franchet, should be excluded from the genus, as the capsules are not trilocular at the base. Hab. Near Tali, in the plain of Ho-kin, in the prov. of Yun-nan, China. B. Calyx dentibus obtusis. 235. Sttene AntTiRRHINA, Dinn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 419; Dil., Hort. Eltham., p. 422, t. 313, fig. 403; Rohrb., Monogr.. p. 168. Syn. Saponaria dioica, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, i. (1826) p. 388 (non Linn.). Saponaria Vaccaria, Mandon, Pl. Boliv., n. 984 (non Dinn.). LIusus 2. Tenuissima. latis. Calyx subglobosus. Syn. S. antirrhina var. gracilis, Camb. in A. St. Hil. Fl. Brasil. Mer., ii. p. 118; Mart. Fl. Brasil., xiv. pars 1. (1872) p. 291. S. antirrhina var. linaria, Wood, Class-Book, ed. 1861, p. 256; S. Wats., Bibl. Indez, p. 107; B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 182. Hab. Georgia and Florida, in the United States. Folia linearia vel lanceolato-linearia. Folia jinearia, infimis lineari-spathu- Lusus 3. Tenuissima. Rami floriferi divaricatim divergentes. Calyx ovoideus. Petala inclusa. Syn. S. antirrhina var. divaricata, B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 132. 128 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Hab. Illinois, in the United States. Geogr. linits—N. Canada; Rocky Mountains. S. S. Chili. E. Brazil. W. Vancouver’s Island (Lyall, 1858, in Herb. Kew.). 236. Stnene Lavicata, Sibth. et Sm., Prodr. Fl. Gree., i. (1806) p. 295; Fl. Greca, v. p. 13, t. 418; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 168. Emenda: Semina dorso trisulcata, faciebus plana. Cf. 9. Behen, qua flores. Flores eis S. Behen, plus dimidio minores, lamina minor et angustior minus bifida, et nervi calycini venulis destituti. Hab. Cyprus. 237. S. Botssteri, J. Gay, ap. Coss., Not. Pl. Orit. Esp., 1. (1850) p. 32; Botss., Voy. Bot. Esp., ii. (1845) p. 93, t. 24 (S. ramosissima) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 169. By an over-strict application of the law of priority, S. germana, which is reduced to this species, might stand as the name of the plant, since it is described on the preceding page, but there seems to be inaccuracy in details in the textual description of the authentic specimens, by which its affinity with allied plants is obscured, so that to avoid possible confusion it is best - and most convenient to adopt Gay’s other plant as the type, as Rohrbach has done in his monograph, but without noting the discrepancy. Both plants are found on the same mountain. Hab. Andalusia and Sicily ; but Todaro’s record in Sicily is somewhat doubtful. b. Calyx nervis anastomosantibus. a. Calyx dentibus acutis. 238. S. AtMota, J. Gay, ap. Coss., Not. Pl. Crit. Esp., i. (1850) p. 31; Willk., Ic. Descr. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. (1853) p. 48, t. 33; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 169. Geogr. area. Spain.—N. and MH. New Castile; near Aranjuez. S. and W. Andalusia; near Ronda. 239. S. Muscrpuna, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 420; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5077; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 170. Forma ANGuUSTIFOLIAA—Rami patuli. Folia omnia anguste lineari-lanceolata cuspidata. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 129 Syu. S. Muscipula var. angustifolia, Costa, Ampl. Pl. Catal., p. 382 (1873); Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. (1878) p. €63. S. arvensis, Losec. Trat. Pl. Aragon, p. 31 (1876); Willk., Prodr. I'l. Hisp., suppl., p. 281 (1893). 8B. coryMBIreRA, Bertol. (sp.), Fl. Ztalica, iv. p. 591; Tanfani, a Parl. Fl. Italiana, ix. (1892) p. 496. Pauciflora, ciliato-scabra; dichasio corymboso-fastigiato. Geogr. limits.—N. Liguria, in Italy. E. Coast of Syria, near Sidon. S. Algeria. W. Portugal (ut 8. stricta Link: [non Linn.]). 240. Sinene Reinnoupt, Heldr. in Atti Congr. Bot. Firenze, (1874) p. 239; et Fl. Céphalon., p. 25 (1876). Caulis erectus dichotomus. Folia glaucescentia, inferiora spathulata, ovato-oblonga, ciliata, apice rotundata, mucronata, superiora oblongo-lanceolata, floralia admodum diminuta. Flores laxe cymoso-racemosi, alares, longiuscule pedunculati, superiores secundi, cernui, pedunculis fructiferis patentibus. Calyx oblongus, cité ovoideo-inflatus, basi attenuatus, sed nunquam umbilicatus, apicem versus purpurascens, valde attenuato- constrictus, dentibus brevibus scariosis. Petala biloba, intense rosea, appendicibus brevibus acutis. Capsula subglobosa bre- Vissime stipitata, apice conico-attenuata. Semina 4~5-sulcata, cchinato-tuberculata. Sy». S. pseudo-behen, Heldr. exs. Geogr. limits —N. Kastri (Delphi), in Livadia. S. and H. Island of Lero, off the coast of Anatolia. W. Ionian Islands ; Cephalonia. 241. S. srricta, Linn., Cent. Plant., ii. p. 17; et Aman. Acad., iv. p. 314 (1756); Willk., Ic. Deser. Pl. Nov. Hisp., i. (1853) p. 56, t. 40; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 171. A S. Muscipuld differt, calycis dentibus elongatis, acutis- Simis, ciliatis, nervis primariis herbaceo-alatis, petalis parvis exauriculatis, capsule seminumque forma. Geogr. limits. —N. and E. Sicily. S. Morocco. W. Portugal (ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur.). CINN, JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. K 130 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 242. Sitene TENUIFLORA, Guss., Pl. Rar., p. 177, t. 36 (1826) ; Dill., Hort. Eltham., p. 423, t. 314, fig. 404; Lindm. in Act. Hort. Berg., i. (1891) n. 6, p. 6, figg. 21-25; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 167 (sub S. cretica). Inferne puberula, superne viscidula. Caulis tenuis in cymam corymbosam stricte dichotomam dividens. Folia radicalia spathulata, obtusa, in petiolum attenuata, superiora cum bracteis anguste linearia, acuta. Flores in cymas regulares dispositi, et mediani et laterales longe pedicellati. Calyx 14-16 mm. longus, clavato-cyiindraceus leviter umbilicatus superne atro-purpurascens, fructifer clavatus infra medium _leviter constrictus apice sensim contractus, nervis rubris, dentibus ovato-triangularibus anguste albo-marginatis. Petala pur- purea, unguibus exsertis, obovato-cuneata, obcordato-emarginata, appendicibus bipartitis, hujusque laciniis oblongis rotundato- obtusis, vel interdum subacutis. Capsula ovata carpophorum duplo superans. Semina tuberculata, dorso faciebusque planiuscula. Lindman, who has carefully studied the characters of the plant in the living state, shares the opinion of Boissier (FI. Orient., i. p. 585), that this species is quite distinct. from S. cretica. (reogr. limits—N. Albano, near Rome, Lindman. S. Sicily, Gussone. E. Base of Mt. Parnassus, in Greece, Heldreich, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., l.c. W. Andalusia, Reverchon (** S. cretica”’). B. Calyx dentibus obtusis. 245. S. Benen, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 418; Dill., Hort. litham., p. 427, t. 317, fig. 409; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 169. Affinis S. levigate a qua, ceteris neglectis, jam calyce umbilicato nervis anastomosantibnus differt. (reogr. limits.—N. Prov. of Cagliari, in Sardinia. S. and W. Canary Islands (S. ignobilis, Lowe). Ii, Palestine. 244. S. Hotzmayny, Heldr. in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 91 (1888); Nym., Consp. Fl. Hur., suppl., ii. p. 54. Glaucescens, glabra. Caulis dichotomus, ramis crassiusculis. Folia lanceolata utrinque attenuata, obtusa, suprema lanceolato- linearia, acuta. Dichasii internodii brevissimi. Calyx oblongus rubellus, fructifer ovato-inflatus, dentibus ovatis. Petala mem RR MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 131 minuta, biloba, unguibus exsertis. Capsula ovata subsessilis. Semina seriatim echinulata, dorso plana, faciebus concava. . Valde affinis S. Behen; an ejus varietas salsuginosa ? Differt inflorescentia ob internodia abbreviata coarctata, caule et ramis crassis, calycibus basi attenuatis, seminibus echinulatis. Hub. The rock of Arpedon, off the coast of Anatolia. 245. Stuene inicora, C. C. Gmel., Fl. Badens., iv. (1&26) p. 304; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5076; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 171. ; Adde: Calyx umbilicatus ; filamenta glabra; semina granu- ata. Geoar, limits —N.and W. Luxemburg (Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur, suppl., li. p. 54). S. Campo Marzio, on tke Austrian coast, in the prov. of Goritz, near Trieste (Mar- chesettt, ex Parl., Fl. Italiana, ix. p. 410). E. Prov. of Carniola. Tenore’s southern record in Sicily is erroneous, though it has been intro- duced into the island with flax, as into other localities. 246. S. crassipes, Fenzl, Pugill. Plant. Nov.. Syr, p. 8 (1842) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 172. B. assyriaca, Haussk. et Bornm. evs. (sp.) in Bornm., It. Persico-turcicum, 1893, n. 975 (an species propria ?). Folia inferiora ovata. Petala emarginato-biloba. As C. M. Lindman rightly points out, this species should not be referred to the series Lasiocalycine, as the nerves of the calyx anastomose, and the Plant otherwise differs very little from S. linicola. For the same reason, ‘. gonocalyx, Boiss., should be a distinct species, instead of being joined with S, crassipes, as Rohrbach has done. ‘freogr. limits—N. Mt. Nimroud-dagh, in prov. of Musch (Sintenis, Iter Orientale, 1888). S. and W. Coast of Syria, near Sidon. E. Mt. Kuh-Sefin, in Kurdistan (var. #). Series 11. Lasiocalycine. Calyx fructifer apice contractus. Calyx evenius, valde Costatus ; coste pilis longis vel squamis distinctis vestite. a. Petala integra vel emarginata. 247. S. Goxocatyx, Boiss., Diag. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. P- 38; Fl. Orient., i. p. 587, et suppl., p. 92. 132 MR. F. N. WILLEAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Caulis erectus e basi divaricatim ramosus punctato-scabri- dulus. Folia inferiora oblongo-spathulata, superiora lanceolata, acuta, scabrida; bractez lineares. Flores subsessiles, alares, et ad ramos supremos breves 3-5-conferti. Calyx coriaceus, eylindricus, fructifer clavatus, infra capsulam constrictus, e dentibus rotundis, ovatis, late albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala rosea, obovato-oblonga, integra, appendicibus binis acutis. Capsula ovata, carpophoro crasso duplo longior. Semina dorso lato obtuse canaliculata, faciebus auriformi-curvato-excavata. Inflorescentia vel dichotoma cymosa vel seepius e cymis con- tractis ad ramos alternos terminalibus paniculatis constans. Geogr. limits —N. Ain-Tab, in prov. of Aleppo. S. Jerusalem. 248. SILENE preRONEURA, mihi; Ball et Claraz (var.), im Journ. Iinn. Soc. (Bot.), xxi. (1886) p. 213. Basi retrorsum puberula, superne glabra viscida. Caules erecti furcati. Folia elongato-linearia, acuminata, ciliata; bractee foliis conformes. Flores longissime pedicellati. Calyx viridis ovatus, fructifer ovoideus, costis herbaceis undulato- alatis, dentibus oblongo-ovatis obtusis. Petala carnea, emar- ginata, appendicibus binis parvis. Capsula ovoidea subsessilis. Semina seriatim tuberculata, dorso faciebusque plana. On account of the distinctive character of the nerves of the calyx, it does not seem to belong to the same series as S. antirrhina. Hab. Near Bahia Blanca, in the Argentine Republic. b. Petala bifida vel bipartita. 249. S. papruLosa, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 39; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 172. Affinis S. crassiped?, sed distinctissima nervorum dentiumque calycinorum structura, et lamina bifidé magis exserta. Geogr. limits —N. Guzuldere, near Mersina, in Cilicia. S. Nahr el Kelb, on the) (Peyron, ex Boiss., Syrian coast Fl. Orient., suppl., FE. Gadir, in the Lebanon } p. 92). W. S. coast of Anatolia. 250. S. Ecminata, Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 380; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 172. Calycis indumento accedit ad S. trinerviam, que tamen primo aspectu inflorescentia differt. 8. papillosa calyce breviore, MR, F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 133 fructifero infra capsulam carpophorum ter superantem con- stricto facile distinguitur. Hab. Utaly 251. SineNE squamicera, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. T. i. p. 38; Jaub. et Spach, Illustr. Plant. Or., i. p. 8, t. 4 (S. echinata) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 173. Differt a S. echinatd calycis nervis a squamis nec pilis obsitis, petalis albis, seminum forma. 8. ANTIOCHICA, Freyn (sp.), in Bull. Herb. Boiss.,iii. (1895) p. 78. Caules dichotomi, ramis rigidis. Calyx cylindricus pur- purescens. Petala carnea. Geogr. limits.—N. Mt. Sipuli, in Anatolia. HE. Prov. of Marasch. S. Elmalu, in Anatolia. W. Nome of AXtolia, in Livadia. 252. S. vesicuuirera, J. Gay, ap. Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 586; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 173. Valde affinis priori, a qué tamen calycis forma, dentibus elongatis, squaamarum natura, petalis angustioribus et capsula globosa satis differt. Hab. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia. Sectio III. BorryostLEne. Herbe perennes suffruticesve. Flores in racemo simplici vel Composito breviter vel longe pedicellati: racemi ramis aut brevibus paucifloris, aut elongatis iteram racemosis vel cymuliferis vel, omnibus cymarum internodiis abbreviatis, verticillastriferis, interdum axis primarie intra inflorescentiam internodiis contractis flores capitulum formantes; raro abortu caulis tri-vel uniflorus. A. Calyx glaberrimus coriaceus, cylindrico-vel conico-clavatus, ssepe basi annulo circulari pseudoumbilicatus. Series 1. Sclerocalycine. a. Pedicelli ima basi bibracteolati. 253. S. Friwanpzkyana, Hampe, in Flora, xx. (1837) p. 226; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 175. As 8. colorata, Poir., is now sunk in S. sericea, by the strict application of the law of priority Hampe’s name (1837) would yield to S. colorata, 134 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Friw. (1835) ; but Friwaldzky himself, knowing afterwards of S. colorata, Poir., in a letter to Grisebach (1839) changed the rame of his plant to S. tincta, not, however, before Hampe had published a description of the same plant under the name by which it is at present known. Geogr. limits —N. and W. Carlova, in Bulgaria. Velenorvshky E. Varna, in Bulgaria. (1885). S. Mt. Rhodope, in Turkey. b. Pedicelli medium versus vel infra calycem bibracteolati. a. Filamenta glabra. + Flores erecti. (1) Calyx dentibus omnibus acutis vel mucronatis. 254. SineENE BuPLEUROIDES, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 421: Tournef., Ooroll. Voy., p. 380, t. 154 (Lychnis orientalis bupleurifolia) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 175. Species ab auctoribus fere omnibus cum SN. longiflord com- mutata, a qua calycis dimidio brevioris dentibus omnibus acutis facile distingui potest; S. caramanica autem jam pruinosa et calyce multo longiore punctato differt. Hab. Armenia. 255. S. avromana, Botss. et Haussk. in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 105. ; Cespitosa, glabra, glauca. Caules erecti, inferne parce foliosi, viscidi.. Folia radicalia seepe elevatim punctata, oblonga, obtusa, mucronulata, in petiolum longe attenuata, margine scabridula, superiora viscidula, anguste linearia, longe subulata. Flores magni approximati, pedunculo alarium calycem spe sequante, lateralium breviore. Calyx tubulosus, sensim dilatatus, umbilicatus, fructifer clavatus, evenius, dentibus triangulari- lanceolatis, acutis. Petala fuscescentia, biloba, appendicibus binis ovatis. Capsula oblonga carpophorum equans. Quamvis foliis, inflorescentid, habitu S. Sieberi et S. eremitice similis, tamen ob calycem evenium coriaceum acute dentatum fructiferum sub capsuld non abrupte constrictum militat, folii parvis brevibus obtusis, ab omnibus affinibus distincta. Hab. Mt. Avroman. 256. S. caramanica, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. vill. p- 90; Coss., Ilustr. Fl. Atlant., fasc. iv. (1890) t. 95; Rohrt., Monogr., p. 176. my MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 135 Adde: Nervi calycini sparse furcati vix conjuncti. 3. SOLENOCALYX, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. v. p. 97 (S. bupleuroides var. solenocalyx) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 176. Folia linearia graminea, vix scabrida ; cal yx rubro-venius. Geogr. limits.—Turkey in Asia. N. Near Erzeroum, in Armenia. S. and W. Between Ermenek and Karaman, in Cilicia. EF. Mt. Bingél-Dagh, in proy. of Masch. 257. Stuene Rovyana, Battand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxv. (1888) p. 385; Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 147, t. 95. Cespitosa, glabra, glauca. Caules basi suffrutescentes erecti, superne viscidi. Folia radicalia lineari-lanceolata, vel anguste oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, in petiolaum inferne squamiformi- dilatatum attenuata, media sepius angustiora, superiora lineari- subulata, rigidula, sepius pungentia, plus minus membranaceo- marginata, margine membranaceo tenuissime denticulato. Flores solitarii, caulem et ramos laterales quando adsunt terminantes. Calyx 22-30 mm. longus, tubuloso-infundibuli- formis, annulo circulari pseudoumbilicatus, fructifer superne cylindraceo-dilatatus, infra capsulam angustior, nervis anas- tomosantibus sepe rubellis, dentibus inequilongis, ovato- triangularibus, mucronatis, membranaceo-marginatis, brevissime ciliatis. Petala bifida, intus albida, extus tigrino-purpurea, lobis oblongo-linearibus obtusis, appendicibus binis ovato- lanceolatis, acutis, inferne convexo-gibbosis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula cylindrica, apice conica, carpophoro duplo_longior. Semina reniformia, compressa, dorso granulato canaticulata, faciebus plana. S. caramanica differt, ceteris neglectis, calyce punctis elevatis tuberculato, petalorum laminis linearibus angustioribas, appendicibus apice fimbriatis vel serrato-erosulis, et stipite capsule subequilongo non subduplo breviore. Hab. Algeria; Mt. Mzi, in prov. Oran. 258. S. macrosoren, Steud. in Schimp., Pl. Abyssin., ii. n. 661; ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyssin., i. p. 44 (1847); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 176. Hab. Abyssinia. 136 MR, F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 259. SILENE TENUICAULIS, Freyn et Bornm. (ined.) im Pl. Eas. Anatoli Orient., n. 1314 (anno 1889). Glauca, glabra, cespitosa. Canles adscendenti-erecti seu erecti, spe turiones foliosos edentes, graciliter tenues, simplices. Folia inferiora anguste lineari-lanceolata, acumi- nata, in petiolum longissimum attenuata, superiora elongato- linearia, longius acuminata, basi membranaceo-vaginantia, omnia uninervia, glabra; bractee e basi ovata caudato- acuminata, semi-herbacew. Flores in racemis simplicibus, brevius pedicellati. Calyx longe clavato-cylindricus, annulo circular! pseudoumbilicatus, fructifer infra capsulam admodum attenuatus, evenius. Petala albida (?) siccitate fuscescentia, biloba. Capsula oblonga carpophorum fere wequans. Semina tuberculata parva, dorso canaliculata, faciebus plana. Described from specimens preserved in Herb. Kew. The name is derived from the slender flowering stems. 8S. avromana, S. Parrowiana, and S. tenuicaulis are distinguished from the other four species of the group in the calyx being without anastomosing nerves: though in S. caramanica the bifurcations of the primary nerves are very faint and scarcely to be made out. Hab. Pine-forests on Mt. Ak-dagh. 260. S. MEGALOCALYX, Freyn, in Bull. Herb. Boiss., iii. (1895) p. 82. Glauca, glabra, cespitosa, viscida, 60 centim. alt. Caules dichotomi, ramis unifloris. Folia inferiora spathulato-lanceo- lata, apiculata, in petiolum longum sensim angustata, vagina pallida subciliata, cauiina lanceolata sensim diminuta. Flores in anthelé dispositi, maximi, longe pedunculati Calyx cylindricus, fructifer valde clavatus, evenius, dentibus acotis triangularibus. Petaia bifida, lobis obovato-oblongis, appen- dicibus binis linearibus. Capsula ellipsoidea carpophorum fere w#quans. Semina magna, dorso tuberculato-rugulosa canalicu- lata, faciebus compressa. Hab. Terkish Armenia; Mt. Kyl-Maghara-dagh, near Egin, in proy. of Siwas (Sintenis, exsice. n. 2895). 261. S. parrow1ana, Boiss. et Haussk. in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 97. Glauca, glabra, 30 centim. alt. Caules simplices foliati. Folia carnosula, acuta, vel acuminata inferiora oblonga in petiolum longum attenuata, superiora linearia diminuta ; en, MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 137 bractex brevissime lineari-subulate. Cymule opposite pedan- culate racemum oblongum formantes ; flores parvi, pedicellis calyee brevioribus. Calyx obconico-turhinatus, subcostatus, dentibus ovatis, late membranaceo - marginatis, ciliolatis. Petala virentia, bipartita, lobis linearibus, unguibus ciliatis, apice dilatatis. Cansula carpophoro multoties longior. Ab omnibus affinibus, cito distinguitur capsula subsessili. Hab. Mt. Lolan and Mt. Parrow, in W. Persia, near Kermanschah. (2) Calyx dentibus alternatim obtusis et acutis, albo- marginatis ciliatis. a. Folia glabra. 262. Sirene cutor#Fouia, Sm., Ic. Ined., i. p. 14, t. 13 (1789) ; Bot. Magq., t. 807; Rohrb., Monugr., p. 177. Adde syn. 8. perfoliata, Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 384. B. swertifrouia, Boiss. (sp.), Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 1. 1. p. 82. y- MAKMELIANA, Boiss. (sp.), l.c., vill. p. 89. 6. Scuimpertana, Boiss. (sp.), Le., i. p. 31. Geogr. limits—N. Prov. of Trans-Caucasia (Rupr, Fu. Caucasi, p. 196). S. Mt. Sinai (Schimper, nos. 422, 283, ‘“‘S. dianthoides,” non Pers.). E. Mt. Demawend, in prov. of Mazanderan, N. Persia (var. fB, vide Aucher-Eloy, no. 4215). W. Anatolia. 263. S. tonerrtora, Ehrh., Beitr., vii. p. 144; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5107; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 178. Ex syn. S. staticefolia est species propria. Geogr. limits —N. and W. At the base of the Radobil, near Leitmeritz, in Bohemia (C. A. Mayer, and vide Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. (ed. 1885], p. 65). S. Near Bethlehem, in Judea (Pichler {1889}, ex Bull. Herb. Boiss., iii. [1895] p. 82). E. Mt. Demawend, in prov. of Mazanderan, N. Persia (forma alpina). 138 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 264. Sinene staticiroiia, Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Gree. Prodr., t. (1806) p. 301; Fl. Greeca, v. p. 24, t. 434. . Crespitosa, glauca, glabra, foliosa, pauciflora, viscida. Caulis adscendenti-erectus simplex, apice racemosus, nodoso-incras- satus. Folia acuta, plana, integerrima, uninervia, radicalia, anguste lanceolata vel spathulata, in petiolum longum attenuata, caulina abbreviata, erecto-adpressa, vix petiolata ; bracteze bine ovate, acuminate, medium versus pedunculorum. Flores 3-5, majusculi, remoti. Calyx 18-20 mm. longus, clavatus, pallidus, nervis rubicundis anastomosantibus. Petala supra nivea, subtus ferruginea, unguibus superue dilatatis, bipartita, lobis obovatis incurvis obtusis appendicibus bifidis obtusis. Capsula ovata carpophoro duplo brevior. E. Boissier hance e montibus Korax Aetoliz et Cita Phthio- tidis, ab Heldreich lectam vidit (non e Pelopouneso cognitam) ; secus Haussknecht, qui eam in Pindo Tymphea 1885 legit, a S. longiflora valde diversa est. Syn. S. longiflora, var. staticifolia, Bowss., Fl. Orient., suppl, p. 103. Hab. N. Greece. 265. S. cmsarea, Boiss. et Bal., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. vi. p. 31; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 179. Hab. Elmalu, in Anatolia, and Mt. Ali-dagh, in prov. of Siwas. 266. S. Laxa, Boiss. et Kotschy in Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 638 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 179. Precedenti affinis, differt foliis superioribus subcordatis, summis ad basin panicule vix diminutis, panicule laxioris ramis elongatis. Hab. Near Goschkar, at the base of Mt. Bingél-dagb, in Turkish Armenia. 267. S. pepuxcuLaris, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. 1. p- 80; Delponte in Mem. Accad. Torino, Ser. II. xxvi. (1871) t. 3; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 180. Forma macrocatyx, Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 105. Calyx elongatus, 18 mm. longus. Hab. Mt. Sawers, in W. Persia. - MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 139 Geogr. limits —N. Near Alliar, in district of Karabagh, Trans- Caucasia. S. and W. Mt. Hermon, in Syria. HH. Mt. Elburz, in N. Persia. 268. SILENE ARMENA, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 1. p- 29; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 180. 8. SCABRIDULA, Boiss. (sp.), Fl. Ovient., i. p. 643. Pruinoso-scabridula, canescens, superne glabra, viscidula. Caules sepias simplices. Folia inferiora lineari-lanceolata. Calyx albidus tenuiter cylindricus, dentibus lanceolatis. Geogr. limits —N. Mountains of Trebizond. E. Prov. of Erzeroum. S. and W. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia. B. Folia serrulato-scabra. 269. S. serrutata, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 643; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 180. Hab. Anatolia; hills near Elmalu. (3) Calyx dentibus omnibus ovatis obtusis albo-marginatis ciliatis. 270. S. Bauansa, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. vi. p. 31; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 181. Hab. Mt. Aslan-dagh and Mt. Masmeneu-dagh, in Cappa- docia. +t Flores cernui. (1) Calyx dentibus omnibus acutis vel obtusis. 271. S. srrurmioLoiwes, A. Gray, Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped., i. p- 109, t. 10; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 181. A species remarkable for its squarrose habit; a character not noted in the description. Hab. Sandwich Islands. 272. S. Manissapgrant, Freyn, in Bull. Herb. Boiss., iii. (1895) p. 83. Glaucescens, preter basin tomentellam glabra, superne viscida, suffrutescens. Caules 30-60 centim., diffuse paniculati, ramis 1-3-floris, fragilibus tenuissimis bracteatis. Folia glabra, plana, uninervia, acuta, inferiora lanceolato-spathulata, in petiolum eequilongum basi dilatatum sensim angustata, margine serrulato- scabra, caulina lanceolata, subsessilia ; bractee lanceolato- 140 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. lineares, parve. Flores parvi, pedicellis divaricatis. Calyx 10 mm. longus, nervis superne anastomosantibus, dentibus ovatis obtusis membranaceo-marginatis ciliolatis. Petala flavo- virescentia, ecoronata, bifida, lobis linearibus. Capsula cllipsoidea carpophoro pubescente triplo longior. Hab. On pastures of Mt. Ak-dagh, near Amasia, in prov. of Siwas, Asia Minor (Sept., 1892), where also is found S. xylobas:s. (2) Calyx dentibus alternatim acutis et obtusis albo- marginatis. 273. SILENE Lipanotica, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. vu. p. 89; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 181. Geogr. limits—N. Mt. Lebanon, in Syria. S. Hebron, in Judea. B. Filamenta ciliata. + Flores erecti. 274. S. rapicosa, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. PJ. Nov. “., Ser. I. vi. p. 24; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 182. Species foliis dense ciliatis et calyce coriaceo sulcato notabilis. Ex syn. 8. oligantha est species propria. S. radicosa var. breviflora = 8. oligantha. Haussknecht says that the very different form of the leaves, the nodding flowers, the short broad calyx-teeth, and the shorter calyx and capsule, should serve to distinguish easily S. oligantha from this plant. Hab. Greece. 275. S. runtcomes, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nor. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 34; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 182. Tunice sp. videtur, sed nervi calycini commissurales et styli 3 adsunt. Hab. Marmoritza, in Anatolia. ++ Flores cernui. 276. S. oniGanruHa, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. i. p. 75 (1854). Caules ceespitosi, numerosi, adscendentes, parce foliosi, ramulis secus partem superiorem caulis oppositis, remotis, altero abortivo brevibus strictis unifloris rarius 2-3-floris, inferne hirtulo- pubescentes, superne glabri. Folia inferiora obovata, spathulata, obtusa, brevius mucronata, in petiolum longum ciliatam Mh. F. ON. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 141 attenuata, caulina pauca, linearia; bractes lineari-lanceolate, acutee, albo-marginate, ciliate. Flores pauci, longius pedicellati. Calyx 8 mm. longus, obconico-pyriformis, fructifer breviter clavatus, leviter umbilicatus, evenius, nervis costatis, dentibus ovato-triangularibus, acutis, rectis, albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala flavida, unguibus glabris, bipartita, lobis linearibus, appendicibus bipartitis, laciniis ovato-triangularibus. Capsula ovata, carpophorum bis superans. Semina dorso tuberculato canaliculata, faciebus plana. Syn. S. radicosa var. breviflora, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 645. Forma subuntFrLora, mihi: Baldacci, It. Albanicum (1892), n. 112; et in Malpighia (1894), p. 85. Rami uniflori. Hab. Mt. Kiore [Montes Ceraunii], in Albania. Forma sTENOPHYLLA, mihi. Folia angustata, lineari-spathulata, lineariave. Syn. 8. oligantha var. stenophylla, Bovss. e¢ Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. IL. i. p. 75. Hab. Mt. Parnassus, near Delphi; and Mt. Malevo, in the nome of Laconia. Hee species est affinis S. radicos, que differt foliis radicali- bus angustioribus, longius mucronatis, floribus erectis, calyce florifero campanulato-cyliadrico, 12 mm. longo, in dentes patenti-recurvos abeunti. Geogr. area.—Greece. B. Calyx membranaceus, rarissime coriaceus simulque pubescens, basi truncatus vel umbilicatus. a. Flores in racemis simplicibus, axis primarize internodiis nunquam abbreviatis, racemi ramis brevibus oppositis interdum altero abortivo alternis, omnibus unifloris vel interdum inferi- oribus 3-7-flcris, superioribus tantum unifloris. Series 2. Chloranthe. Pedicelli ima basi binis prophyllis prediti. Petala bipartita: raro retusa. A. Petala bipartita vel bifida. a. Capsula carpophorum 2-4-plo superans: calyx glaberrimus, raro glanduloso-pubescens. 277. Stnene cunoranrua, Ehrh., Beitr., vii. p. 149; Diill., Hort. Eltham., p. 425, t. 316, fig. 408; Rohrb., Monc,>., p. 184. 142 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Geogr. limits—W. Prov. of Pomerania, in Prussia. S. The Crimea. N. Prov. of Livonia, in Russia. E. Between the rivers Jaik and Irtysch, in Siberia. 278. Strexe rararica, Pers., Syn. Plant., i. p. 497; Reichb., Tc. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5100; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 184. A beato Regel, S. foliosa et S. macrostyla, Maxim. cum S. tatarica conjunguntur. Differt autem utraque calycibus multo minoribus 5-7 mm. longis (in S. tatarica 9-12 mm.), sub anthesi clavato-campanulatis, nec clavato-tubulosis, striis calycinis superno arcuatim conjunctis, neque eveniis, calyce fructifero ampliato, neque oblongo, capsula ovato-oblonga, neque oblonga, bracteis ac prophyllis herbaceis, margine ciliato tautummodo scariosis, in S. tatarvica totis scariosis. Geogr. limits—N. and H. Siberia. S. On the banks of R. Terek, in prov. of Cis- Caucasia. W. Banks of the Oder, near Frankfort, in the prov. of Brandenburg, Prussia (ea Nyi., Consp. Fl. Hur., suppl., ii. p.53; et Garcke, Fi. Deutschl., ed. 1885, p. 64). 279. S. rotiosa, Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur., p. 53 (1859); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 185. a. tTYPICA, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 683. Inflorescentia viscida. Petala, unguibus superne dilatatis, longe exsertis, profunde bipartita, lobis linearibus, appendicibus minutis vel nullis. B. MACROSTYLA, Marin. (sp.), Prim. Fl. Amur., p. 54; Rohkrb., Monogr., p. 185, et in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 684. Inflorescentia glabrescens, raro puberula. Petala, unguibus non dilatatis longe exsertis, lineari-oblonga ad medium bifida, ecoronata. 4. MONGOLICA, Maxin., Enum. Pl. Mongol., p. 91 (1889). Elatior, non viscida. Folia linearia. Calyx dentibus subob- tusis. Petala, unguibus non dilatatis, parum exsertis, cuneata ad medium bifida, appendicibus minutis. Mk. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 143 Geogr. vtimits.—N. R. Amur, on the borders of Siberia and Mandschuria. S. and £. Japan; island of Yesso (var. a). W. Mongolia (var. +). 230. Stnene tenuts, Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol., p- 474; Ledeb., Pl. Fl. Rossice, t. 160; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 186. Variat caulis altitudine : eo elongato polyphyllo vel abbreviato oligophyllo, glabro vel plus minus viscido, racemo simplici raro basi ramoso, interdum, in formis humilibus grandifloris, in flores 1-2 reducto;—foliis latioribus et angustioribus, glabris, et basi tantum ciliatis, vel cum caulibus dense pube- rulis ;—floribus erectis vel nutantibus, majoribus et minoribus. His omnibus characteribus minime constantibus ad varietates distinguendas uti nobis probabile non esse videtur, nam, ut hoc modo forme valde affines secernantur, ex beato Regel conspectu quisque intelligere potest. 1. Ungues petalorum ciliati. Variat floribus majoribus et minoribus. 2. Ungues petalorum glabri. Variat floribus majoribus et minoribus, erectis et nutantibus : caulibus glabris et viscosis. a. DASYPHYLLA: Caules erecti cum foliis lineari-setaceis dense puberuli, simplices raro basi subramosi. b. JENISSEA: Caulis glabri sive viscosi, folia glabra basi tantum ciliata; petala lobis oblongis obtusis. c. paucIFOLIA: Caules glabri humiles 1-2-flori, flores per- magni; petala lobis magnis obovatis. Geogr. limits—N. Shores of the Arctic Ocean, N. Siberia. S. N. W. India. E. Stanowoi Mountains, E. Siberia. W. Territory of the Samojedes, N.W. Siberia. 281. S. Dovetasu, Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., i. (1833) p. 88; B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer, Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 144; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 80. Puberula vix glanduloso-viscida. Caules tenues, basi decum bentes, geniculati, dein ascendentes, simplices, remote foliati. Folia linearia vel anguste lanceolato-linearia, apice basique attenuata ; bractee parve, acute. Flores in racemo paucifloro 14d MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. longe pedicellati. Calyx oblongus, fructifer infra capsulam attenuatus vix constrictus, hand umbilicatus, striis viridibus superne conjunctis, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis, albo- marginatis, ciliatis, inflexis. Petala alba vel carnea, unguibus glabris, utrinque dente acuto auriculatis, paullum exsertis, bifida, lobis obtusis, appendicibus binis oblongis, obtusis. Capsula, oblongo-cylindrica, superne attenuata, carpophorum ter superans. Semina dorso canaliculata, faciebus plana. Syn. Cucubalus Douglasii, Haton, Man., ed. VII. p. 266. In this revision of the genus, S. Dowglasii is excluded from the subgenus Gastrosilene, in which it is placed by Rohrbach, for reasons which are given at length in the introduction. Examination of authentic specimens by different botanists requires that| Rohrbach’s description should be con- siderably amended. It is here described again, therefore, in its proper place in the genus. It is a common and polymorphous species in the United States, and the following varieties all of them tend to intergrade with the type, and are separated from it and from each other by no constant or important floral character. S. multicaulis, Macoun (non Guss, nec Nutt.), has also been reduced to this species, but is best considered as distinct, and is so described as the next species, S. Macounii. B. MULTICAULIS, Nutt. (sp.) in Torr. et Gray, Fl., i. p. 192; B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 144. Griseo-tomentella. Caules rigidiores, magis foliati. Fol a anguste lanceolata vel oblonga acuminata. Syn. S. Drummondi var., Torr. et Gray, F'l., i. p. 675. Hab. States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. y. MAcROCcALYX, B. DL. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxvii. (1893) p. 145. Puberula vel subglabra. Calyx cylindricus, 15 mm. longus. Hab. States of Washington and Nevada. e. viscipa, B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviii. (1893) p. 145. Glanduloso-viscida, preesertim in parte superiore. Caules erecti, rigidi, e basi ramosa simplices. Folia magis carnosula. Calyx late oblongus vel fere campanulatus, brevis. Hab. State of Washington, and Kicking Horse Pass. in British Columbia. €. BRACHYCALYX, B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxviil. (1893) p. 145. Puberula, non viscida. Folia anguste oblanceolata. Calyx campanulatus, brevis, latus. Se een MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 145 Hab. State of Oregon. Geogr. limits.—N. Kicking Horse Pass, in the Rocky Mtns., British Columbia (var. 6). S. Wahsatch Mtns., in Utah (var. a). Hj. Montana ( Canby, var. B). W. Oregon, on Sauvie’s Island (Howell, 1880, var. e) ° 282. Srnenz Macounn, S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxvi. (1891) p. 124; B. L. Robinson, Lec., xxviii. (1893) p. 148 (S. Douglasii, var. Macounii). Caulis gracilis, adscendens, ramosus, puberulus, superne glanduloso-viscidus, 30 centim. longus, sparse foliatus. Folia lineari-oblanceolata, apice basique attenuata. Flores pauci, breviter pedicellati. Calyx-oblongo-campanulatus 9 mm. longus, dentibus triangularibus, obtusis, reticulato-venosis, purpureo- marginatis. Petala bifida, unguibus late auriculatis vix exsertis, lamind flabelliformi, appendicibus quadratis subintegris. Capsula oblongo-ovata, carpophorum ter superans. S. monanthe valde similis, sed calyx florifer hand inflatus. Syn. §. multicaulis, Macoun, Cat. Canad. Pl., p. 494 (1883-1888). Geogr. limits —N. British Columbia, Selkirk Range. E. British Columbia, Rocky Mtns. S.and W. State of Washington. 283. S. rycunipea, CO. A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Cauc., p. 213 (1831) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 213. Geogr. limits —E. E. Caucasus (Ruprecht, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 106). W. W. Caucasus. 284. S. Rercuensacuu, Vis., Fl. Dalmatica, iii. p. 169; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 188. B. umBRosa, Vandas, in Sitzungsb. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. (1890) . 254. ° Robustior, circa 50-60 centim. alta; foliis rosularibus et radicalibus latius lanceolatis, cum internodiis caulis inferioribus dense retrorsum puberulis. Hab. In thickets on the slopes of Mt. VeleS Planina, above Potoci Han, in Herzegovina. LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. L 146 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Geogr. limits —N. and W. Mt. Velebitz, in Croatia, near Ostaria (Borbis, ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., ii. p. 58). S. Mt. Orien, near Cattaro, in Herzegovina. E. Herzegovina (var. 8). b. Capsula carpophorum sequans. 285. SILENE LintFoLIA, Sibth. et Sm., Prodr. Fl. Grec., 1. (1806) p. 301; FI. Graca, v. p. 33, t. 433; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 188. B. UMBROSA, mthe. Caules flaccidiores, foliis lete viridibus, longioribus latiori- busque. Calyx 17 mm. longus, nec 13 mm. Syn. S. Ceccariniana, Boiss. et Heldr., MSS. S. linifolia, var. Ceccariniana, Haussk. in Mittheil. Thiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 50. Hab. 8. Albania (Baldacci, It. Albanicum [1892], n. 54; et in Malpighia [1894], p. 85); above Kalabaka, on Mt. Meteora (Haussknecht); Mt. Parnassus; near Livadia; and (var. 8) near Phersala, in Thessaly. 186. S. aenistiroia, Haldcsy, in Ocesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., xiii. (1892) p. 368. Caules ramosi, elati, inferne scabriduli, superne viscidi. Folia vadicalia sub anthesi emarcida, caulina lanceolata vel lineari- lanceolata, acuta, glabra, margine serrulato-scabra; bractes lineares. Flores longiuscule pedicellati, virginei subcernui. Calyx cylindrico-clavatus glaber, fructifer clavatus, nervis rubellis, dentibus acutis, albo-marginatis, ciliolatis. Petala livida, bipartita, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis, parvis, lanceolatis. Capsula ovata, carpophoro subbrevior. Characters verified from specimens in Herb. Kew. Hab. Rumelia; Mt. Athos, between Krio-nero and Stradi- chori. 287. S. rurarpa, Bieb. ap. Bunge, Enum. Altaic., p. 23 (1835) ; Ledeb., Pl. Fl. Rossice, t. 138 (S. graminifolia) ; Rohrb., Monogr, p. 79. No specimens in Herb. Kew. or Herb. Mus. Brit. Hab. Altai Mountains. (Schrenk’s specimens from N.-W. Siberia mentioned by Ledebour, are to be referred to S. tenuis.) — al MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 147 B. Petala retusa. 288. Srrene scaposa, B. L. Robinson, in Proc. Amer. Acad., xxvili. (1893) p. 145. Caules simplices, elati, 35 centim. longi, inferne scabriduli, superne viscidi, erecti. Folia glauca crassiuscola, radicalia oblanceolata, acuta, trinervia, caulina pauca, reducta, bractewe foliis caulinis subconformes. Flores erecti. Calyx ellipticus, evenius, nervis viridibus. Petala albida, unguibus auriculatis vix exsertis, appendicibus binis parvis, obtusis. Hab. United States ; Oregon. Series 3. Suffruticose. Pedicelli medium versus seu apice binis prophyllis praditi. Petala integra, bipartita vel rarius laciniato-quadripartita. A. Petala integra vel bipartita. a. Capsula carpophoro superata. 289. S. noputosa, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 31; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 189. Geogr. limits.—Persia. N. Mt. Elamout, in N. Persia. S. Mt. Kuh-Eschker, in prov. Fars (Hauss- knecht, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 98). E. Schiraz, in prov. Fars. W. Mt. Kuh-Daéna, in prov. Fars. 290. S. conrocauLa, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 31 Rohrb., Monogr., p. 189. Priori valde affinis, sed caulis peculiaritate ab hac et ceteris diversa. Hab. Persia; Mt. Elwend, in prov. of Irak-Adjemi. b. Capsula carpophorum sequans, rarissime eo sesquilongior. a. Calyx coriaceus, petala unguibus glabris. + Petala bipartita, unguibus auriculatis. 291. S. Eerrocanycina, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. L. i. p. 28; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 190. B. uineaRis, Fenzl, in Kotschy Pl. exs. n. 489, ex Boiss., FT. Orient., i. p. 615 (emend.). 9 . L 148 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Tomentello-canescens, fere argyrea. Folia inferiora lineari- lanceolata, superiora linearia. Calyx crispule hirsutus, brevior, clavato - pyriformis, fructifer amplius pyriformis, elevatim obtuse costatus inter costas viridis, insigniter sulcatus. Hab. Prov. of Bagdad, and S. Persia. 292. Smvene casprca, Pers., Syn. Pl., i. p. 497 (1805) ; Reichb., Ic. Pl. Crit., 263; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 190. Adde syn. 8. fruticulosa, Bieb. Tabl., n. 17, ex DC. Prodr., i. p. 381. This plant is frequently cited as S. suffrutescens Bieb., e.g., by Ledebour (Fl. Rossica) and Boissier (FU. Orient.), though that name is three years later. Geogr. limits —N. N. Turkestan. S. E. shore of the Caspian Sea. E. Desert of Souugaria. W. Between Kuba and Schamachi, in the Eastern Caucasus (S. fruticulosa). 293. S. wirticatyx, Boiss. et Haussk. in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 104. Glauca, glabra. Caules e rhizomate indurato adscendentes, inferne dichotome et pluries ramosi, inter internodia brevia nodoso - incrassati, apice 1-2-flori. Folia inferiora anguste oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa, basi longe attenuata, superiora abbreviata, acuta. Pedicelli calyce 5-plo breviores. Calyx cylindricus, pilis crispulis velutinus, fructifer clavatus, nervis pallidis, dentibus ovatis latemembranaceis. Petala fuscescentia, biloba, appendicibus circumcirca denticulatis. Capsula oblonga carpophoro sublongior. Hab. On mountains of Persian Kurdistan, above Inanro. tt Petala linearia integra. 294. S. cepropeTata, Schrenk, in Bull. Phys. Math. Acad. Pétersb., u. p. 198; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 191. Hab. Soungaria. B. Calyx membranaceus. t Petala unguibus ciliatis. 295. S. petr#a, Adams in Weber et Mohr, Bettr., i. (1805) p. 98; Rohkrb., Monogr., p. 191. B. @yMNocaALycIna, Trautv. in Act: Hort. Petrop., v. pars 1. p. 414. \ a a oe -” a) MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 149 Geogr. limits—N. R. Terek, in proy. of Cis-Caucasia, near Wladikawkas. S.and H. W. Tibet. W. Central Caucasus. 295. SILENE LINEATA, Boiss. et Buhse, Aufz. Transkauk. Pers., p- 37 (1860) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 191. Facies et inflorescentia formarum normalium S. tenuis; heec autem calyce longo gracili cylindrico, pedicellis medium versus bracteolatis differt. Hab. N.-W. Persia. t+ Petala unguibus glabris. 297. S. Monrsreriana, Bozss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 26; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 192. Habitus et flores abbreviati S. pruinose, sed inflorescentia non paniculata. B. ANISOLOBA, Schrenk, (sp.) i Bull. Phys. Math. Acad. Pétersb., ii. p. 198; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 196. Magis suffruticosa, minus pubescens ; calycis dentes ovati. Trautvetter, in examining Schrenk’s specimens, was unable to find any traces of lateral lobes in the limb of the petals, which appeared to be bifid like those of S. Montbretiana. He thinks, therefore, that it might be referred to S. longiflora, as a suffruticose and narrow-leaved form of that Species (Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose., 1860, p.158). There are no specimens in Herb. Kew. Y. MICROPHYLLA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 98. Folia minuta, infina spathulata, suprema angustissima, acuta recurva; calyx densissime pubescens, fructifer minus clavatus. Hab. Ain-Tab, in prov. of Aleppo (Haussknecht). Geogr. limits —-N. Gumuchkhane, in prov. of Trebizond, Turkey in Asia. S. Ain-Tab, in prov. of Aleppo (var. 1). E. Valleys of the Ala-tau range, in Soungaria (var. B). W. Mt. Ak-dagh, in prov. of Siwas. 298. S. pranurca, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 615; MLohrb., Monogr., p. 192. . Hab. Choky, in Afghanistan, and Doubund, in Beloochistan. 150 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 299. Sirens Urvinwer, Schott, ea Ure. in Mém. Soe. Linn. Par., i. (1822) p. 304; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 192. Adde: Nervi calycini purpurei; semina dorso canalhieulata, faciebus plana. Hab. Anatolia; Mt. Sipuli-dagh, and Islaud of Cos, off the S.W. coast, also Island of Samos (Herb. Kew., Major, 1886). c. Capsula carpophorum bis terve superans, vel subsessilis- a, Folia pungentia; semina dorso faciebusque plana. 300. S. atraica, Pers., Syn. Pl. i. p. 497 (1805); Ledeb., Pl. Fl. Rossicw, t. 172; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 193. Hab. Asiatic Russia.—N. Kirghiz Steppes. #H. Altai Mtns. S. Desert of Soungaria. W. R. Ural. 8. Folia mutica; semina dorso canaliculata, faciebus plana. + Calyx glaberrimus. 301. S. nirHopHita, Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., xv. (1842) p. 167; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 193. Habitu 8S. altaice similis, sed carpophorum glabrum, petala bipartita (nec bifida) ecoronata, semina dorso canaliculata. Hab. Soungaria. 302. S. renenia, C. A. Mey., Verz. Pl. Cauc., p. 216 (1831) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 194. Hab. Prov. of Talysch in Trans-Caucasia, and Mt. Ararat in Turkish Armenia. +t Calyx pubescens. 1. Ungues et filamenta glabra. 303. S. canarrensis, Willd. in Spreng. Neue Entd., iii. p. 60; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 194. Hee vera S. canariensis: planta perennis floribus racemosis. Species annua inflorescentid scorpioidea, que ab Otth, in DC. Prodr., i. p. 372, sub hoc nomine edita et in Phytogr. Canar., i. p. 142, t. 18, depicta est, huc non pertinet, sed = S. mogadorensis, Coss. et Bal. in Pl. Maroce. exsice. (1867). Hab. Teneriffe. ee ™ MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 151 304. SmneNE nocreoLens, Webb et Berth., Phi ytogr. Canar., i. p- 141, t. 20; Rohkrb., Monogr., p. 194. Adde : Semina dorso obtuse canaliculata (ex observ.). Hab. Canary Isles. 2. Ungues et filamenta ciliati. 305. S. stenosorrys, Boiss. et Haussk. in Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 611, et suppl., p. 97; Rohrb. , Monogr., p. 195. A S. spergulifolid et affinibus, staminibus hirsutis longe exsertis, discedens. Adde syn. 8S. supina, Aucher-Eloy, n. 482. Geogr. area.—Turkey in Asia. W. Rascheya, in the Anti-Lebanon. N. Prov. of Diarbekir, along the east branch of R. Euphrates (Sintenis, It. Orientale, 1888; Herb. Kew). FE, At the base of Mt. Sindjar, in prov. of Mosoul (Haussknecht in Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 97). S. Mar Elias, between Damascus and the ruins of Palmyra, in the Syrian Desert. 306. S. semenovu, Regel et Herder, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. (1866), p. 536; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 195. Hab. Soungaria; the Ala-tau Range, north of the R. Tabya and Lake Issyk-kul. B. Petala laciniato-quadripartita. 307. S. oporatisstma, Bunge in Ledeb., Fl. Altaic., ii. p. 148; Ic. Fl. Rossice, t. 396 (petala erronea) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 195. Hab. Kirghiz Steppes and Desert of Soungaria. b. Flores in racemo simplici vel composito verticillastrifero, aut, axis primarie internodiis intra inflorescentiam abbreviatis, capitulum plus minus densum formantes; (rarissime racemus non contractus pauciflorus, sed tum calyx brevis obconicus et ungues ciliati). Series 4. Capitellate. Flores in racemo simplici, axis primarie internodiis abbre- Viatis, capituliformi, rarissime in racemo paucifloro non 152 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. contracto: calyx brevis turbinatus vel oblongo-campanulatus, evenius ; ungues ciliati. A. Petala unguibus auriculatis. 308. Smene Aristipis, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant., p. 330 (1874); Battand. et Trabut, Fl. Algér., 140; Coss., Illustr. Fl. Atlant., fase. iv. (1890) p. 150, t. 97. Basi suffruticosa. Caules erecti vel arcuato-adscendentes, glabrescentes, floriferi dichotome ramosi. Folia glabra vel inferiora basi tantum breviter ciliata, obvato - oblonga, breviter apiculata, in petiolum plus minus latum attenuata ; bractew lineari-lanceolatew, superiores pubescenti-glandulose. Flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx 20 mm. longus, pubescenti- glandulosus tubulosus, fractifer superne oblongo-dilatatus infra capsulam contractus, albido-membranaceus, nervis virentibus, dentibus triangulari-lanceolatis, acutis, albo-marginatis, cilio- latis. Petala, unguibus exsertis obtuse auriculatis, intus albida, extus lutescentia, lamin’ oblongo-cuneata biloba, appen- dicibus binis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis interdum dentatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula superne paullulum attenuata, carpophorum bis superans. Semina compressa, dorso lato plano, tuberculis seriatim echinulato, faciebus concavis striatis. S. fruticosa habitu notisque plurimis necnon seminum fabrica cum SS. Aristidis congruit et tantum distinguenda floribus minus confertis, petalorum laminé purpurascente, unguibus edentulis, stipite capsule subeequilongo vel paullo breviore. Hab. Algeria (Letouwrneux, 1874). 309. S. cirrina, Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 101. Cespitosa breviter tomentella, pallide virens. Caules erecti, simplices, foliosi. Folia radicalia late lanceolato-linearia, acuminata. in petiolum longum attenuata, caulina abbreviata, sessilia subamplexicaulia; bractese subulate. Calyx ampliato- ovatus, fructifer sub capsulé vix constrictus, glanduloso- pubescens, umbilicatus, dentibus lanceolatis acuminatis. Petala eitrina, biloba, parva, unguibus exsertis, appendicibus binis ovatis. Capsula ovata carpophoro sublongior. Semina granu- lata. Facies Melandrii Requieni, sed caules non extrarosulares, et rudimenta dissepimentorum in capsulé videri possunt. Syn. Melandrium cabulicum, Boiss., Diagn., Ser. II. i. p. 79. \~ MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 153 Lychnis cabulica, Aitch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xix. (1882) p. 158, is a very different plant. Hab. Shendtoi, in Afghanistan (Aztchison). B. Petala unguibus edentulis. a. Petala bipartita. { Filamenta glabra. 310. Strene puarnacerrouta, Fenzl, Pugill. Fl. Nov. Syr., p. 26 (1842) ; Russegg., Ill. Pl. Taur., t. 10; Rohrb., Monogr, p- 196. Hab. Mt. Lebanon, above Adros (Peyron, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 97); and Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia. 311. S. cepanantua, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 613; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 197. Differt a formis 8. spergulifolie, Bieb., calyce eglanduloso, unguibus ciliatis, superne non dilatatis; a S. Montbretiand, Boiss., cujus formis paucifloris habitu valde accedit, striis calycinis superne tantum conjunctis, unguibus ciliatis edentulis, carpophoro breviore. Hab. Palanteuken, in Turkish Armenia. 312. S. pranruorpes, Pers., Syn. Pl., i. p. 500 (1805) ; Schreber, Dec. (1766), p. 9, t. 5 (Cucubalus saxifragus, Linn.) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 197. Species habitu generis Gypsophile. a. TYPICA, T'rautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 511. Caulis basi foliaque dense et brevissime puberala. B. GLABRATA, L.c. Caulis glaberrimus; folia basi breviter ciliata, ceterum glaberrima. Geogr. area.—Asia Minor. S. Mt. Jokardi-dagh, near Egin, in prov. of Siwas (Sintenis, It. Orientale [1890], n. 2497). N. and E. District of Kara-bagh, in prov. of Trans-Caucasia. W. The hills above Gumuchkhane, in prov. of Trebizond. 154 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. ++. Filamenta ciliata. 313. Sirens Rormert, Friw. in Flora, xix. (1836) p. 439; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 198. According to E. Tanfani, the petals are bigibbous, and the filaments ciliate. (reogr. limits —N. Near Carlova, in N. Bulgaria. S. Mt. Pindus, in Thessaly, Greece (Hauss- knecht, in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. (1893) p. 50). HE. E. Rumelia (Skorpil, 1886, ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., ii. p. 58). W. Prov. of Abruzzi, Central Italy. 314. S. onympica, Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 24 (1842) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 198. a, GLABRATA, mihi. Folia radicalia scabrido-ciliolata, ceterum glabra. Racemus spiciformis. Calyx 5 mm. longus. Petalorum appendices bini, breves, ovati. 8. PUBESCENS, Boiss., Fl. Orient, i. p. 610. Folia radicalia undique tomentella. Racemus longior, laxior. Calyx 8 mm. longus. Petalorum appendices interdum obsoleti. J. CALYCULATA, C. Koch, (sp.) in Linnea, xix. (1847) p. 56. Folia angustiora. Racemus laxus. Petala bigibba, lobis linearibus, appendicibus ad gibbos reductis. Speciei forme capituliformes a 9. capitellatd petalis bifidis statim dignoscende. Geogr. limits—N. Prov. of Kara-bagh, in the Caucasus (var. y). S. Mt. Taurus, in Cilicia. E. Mt. Elburz, in N. Persia, above Warahosul (var. +). W. Mt. Kheshish-dagh (Bithynian Olympus). A. Petala integra lineari-spathulata. 315. S. carrrentata, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. i. p. 255 Rohrb., Monogr., p. 199. Differt a priori, petalis integris, filamentis glabris ; a proxima, floribus dimidio minoribus hermaphroditis, petalis minus exsertis, unguibus ciliatis. _ 7 . MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 155 Geogr. limits.—Turkey in Asia. S. Prov. of Marasch. N.and H. Turkish Armenia; between Erze- roum and Ispir. W. Anatolia; Mt. Davros-dagh. Series 5. Otitec. Flores in racemis simplicibus compositisve verticillastriferis ; pedicelli ima basi binis prophyllis praediti. A. Petala integra raro leviter emarginata, ecoronata. a. Capsula sessilis. 316. Sirens Senprnert, Botss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 608; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 199. A formis S. Otit’s imprimis differt petalis latis calyce duplo longioribus. Geogr. limits.—N. and W. Near Fuzine, in Croatia (S. Schlos- seri, Vukot. [1876] ). S. and FH. Mt. Vitosa, in Bulgaria, Velenovsky (1890). Adde syn. S. Schlosseri, Vukot. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., xxx. (1880) p. 382. 317. S. Orrres, Sm., Fl. Brit., ii. p. 469; ex Comp., Fl. Brit., p. 65 (1800); Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5094; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 199. 1. Racemi simplices verticillastriferi aut rami primar inferiores paullum elongati; flores dioici aut polygami. 2. GENUINA; Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. I. p. 415 (Cucubalus Otites) ; Syme, Engl. Bot., ed. 111. ii. p. 63, t. 206; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 200. Folia inferiora spathulato-lanceolata, puberula vel obovato- oblonga, canescentia; pedicelli calycesque glabri; petala glabra, raro basi ciliolata. Lusus 2. Folia supra glabrata, subcoriacea, in caule mox diminuta. Capsula ovato-elliptica, 6-7 mm. longa. Syn. S. Otites, var. duriuscula, Velen. in Sitzungsb. k. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. (1893), p. 13 (sep.). S. pseudotites, Rota, Prosp. Piant. Svizz. Ins., p. 47. B. PARVIFLORA, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 200; Ehrh., Bettr., vii. 156 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. p. 143 (Cucubalus parviflorus); Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5096. Folia lineari-spathulata, pedicelli calycesque scabri; petala basi ciliata. q. Hetimannt, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 183; Claus, (sp.) Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russisch. Reichs, (1851) p. 289; Trautv.in Act. Hort. Petrop., 1. (1873) p. 508. _ Humilis, depauperata. Caulis, pedicelli et calyces tenuissime puberuli. Folia inferiora obovato-spathulata, superiora angus- tiora vel linearia; bractez subulate. Capsula major. 2. Racemi effusi ramis elongatis verticillastriferis; flores polygami; pedicelli glabri. 6. WOLGENSIS, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 201; Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol., suppl., p. 24 (1813) (Cucubalus wolgensis); Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv., n. 5095. Caulis inferne retrorsum puberulus; folia lineari-spathulata scabriuscula ; verticillastra laxa ; calyx glaber, abbreviatus. €. DENSIFLORA, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 201; Urv. (sp.) in Mém. Soc. Linn. Par., i. (1822) p. 303. Caulis elatus, crassus, cum foliig dense molliter villosus, superne glaber, viscidus ; folia ovato- vel oblongo-spathulata, interdum undalata, rarius lineari-lanceolata, acutiuscula ; verticillastra dense congesta; calyx 5-6 mm. longus, glaber ; semina majora. Rohrbach does not record the occurrence of this species so far west as Spain; and, on the other hand, it is not found so far south as Syria, as mentioned in vol. i. of DC. Prodromus. In this latter case “Syriaca” is an obvious error for “ Piriac,” a locality on the west coast of France. The original reference for Smith’s name is seldom giver correctly. It is generally cited as vol. ii. p. 469, though there is no necessity to specify the volume. Rohrbach cites vol. ii, p. 298, but this volume and page refers to Smith’s ‘ English Flora.’ Geogr. limits.—N. and HE. Siberia. S. Elmalu, in Anatolia (var. densiflora forma stenophylla). W. Salamanca, in prov. of Leon, Spain (Quer, ex Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., in. p. 664). — . > MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 157 b. Capsula carpophorum bis-quater superans vel fere aquans. 318. SILENE ANDRYALAFOLIA, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant., p. 331 (1874). | Cespitosa, glauca, pubescens. Caulis simplex, rectus vel adscendens, velutino-pubescens, foliosus, maultiflorus, non viscidus. Folia inferiora conferta, spathulato-lanceolata, in petiolum longum attenuata, tomentosa, acuta vel subacuminata, superiora lanceolato-linearia vel spathulata; bractee parve, scariose. Flores erecti, breviter pedicellati, in paniculis trichotomis corymbiformibus dispositi. Calyx tenuiter cylin- dricus, glauduloso-pubescens, fructifer superne obconico- Ovoideus, inferne claveformis, nervis angustis reticuloso- anastomosantibus, dentibus oblongis, obtusis, rotundatis, late Scariosis. Petala ochroleuca, unguibus glabris. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovoideo-conica, carpophoro pubescente. Semina fusca, faciebus concaviuscula, striata, dorso plana vel compres- siuscula, seriatim tuberculata. Hab, Djurdjura, in Algeria. 319. S. nonoprrata, Bunge in Ledeb., Fl. Altaica, ui. p. 142; Ic. Pl. Fl. Rossic., 163; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 202. Hab. Desert of Soungaria. 320. S. siprrtca, Pers., Syn. Pl., i. p. 497 (1805); Rohrb., Monogr., p. 202. Geogr. limits—S. The stream of Kantschahar, in the desert of Chinese Soungaria. N. and E. Between the rivers Olenek and Lena, in Arctic Siberia (Czekanowski [1875]). W. W. Russia; province of Podolia. 321. S Fatconerana, Royle, Ilustr. Pl. Himal., p. 79, t. 204; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 202. Adde: Calyx basi truncatus; petala alba. Hab. N.-W. Himalayas. 322. S. Gesierrana, Schrenk, Enum. Pl. Nov., p- 91; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 208. Planta §. sibirice similis, sed calycibus cum carpophoro pubescente elongatis ab illa satis distincta; a S. multilord petalis diversa; S. Falconeriane valde affinis sed statim distinguen da. 158 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Hab. RB. Urdschar, in the desert of Soungaria; valleys north of the Thian-Schan Range (Ruprecht, ew Mém. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb., xiv. [1869]) ; Unzere Boratola (Regel, It. Turkestan., Vili.). B. Petala bipartita. a. Capsula carpophorum subeequans. 323. StneNE MuLTIFLORA, Pers., Syn. Pl. i. p. 496 (1805) ; Waldst. et Kit., Pl. Rar. Hung., i. t. 56 (Cucubalus multifloras) ; ‘Rohrb., Monogr., p. 203. Geogr. limits—N. Near Semipalatinsk, on the R. Irtysch, Siberia. S. The Dobrudscha, in Roumania (Kanittz, Pl. Roman., suppl., p. 182 [1881]). EH. Desert of Soungaria. W. Neusiedler See, in Hungary. 324. S. cepHaLenta, Heldr., Fl. Cephalon., p. 26 (1883) ; Bovss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 106. Inferne pube asperulé canescens. Caules adscendentes, superne viscidi, laxe racemoso-paniculati. Folia inferiora con- ferta spathulata acuta, superiora admodum diminuta linearia. Ramuli panicule patentes, apice pauciflori; flores breviter pedi- cellati secundi, pedicellis fructiferis cernuis. Calyx cylindrico- clavatus glanduloso-pubescens, dentibus triangularibus, acutis, albo-marginatis. Petela livida, ecoronata, lobis linearibus. Semina rugulosa dorso canaliculata. Affinis facie S. congestw a qua differt pube asperula, inflores- centia laxiore, foliis acutis, calycis dentibus acutis, carpophoro capsulam equante. Hab. Ionian Islands ; Cephalonia (Heldreich [1872]). b. Capsula carpophorum 3-4-plo excedens. 325. S. aicanrea, Linn., Sp. Plant., ed. 1. p. 418, et (accura- tius) in ed. II. p. 598; Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Greeca, v. t. 432 ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 203. B. VIRIDESCENS, Boiss., #1. Orient., i. p. 646. Viridescens, indumento parciore. Panicula viscosissima ; cyme plus minus effuse nec confertim florifera. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 159 Geogr. limits—N. Rumelia. W. Tonian Islands; Zante. FE. Mt. Gaiour-dagh, in prov. of Aleppo (Post, ex Bull. Herb. Boiss., iti. [1895] p. 154). S. Broummana, in the Lebanon (var. £). 326. Smnene conGeEsta, Sibth. et Sm., Prodr. Fl. Grec., i. p. 300; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 204. ud Geogr. limits—N, Thessaly (Haussknecht, ex Nym., Consp. Fl. Eur., suppl., ii. p. 52). S. Mt. Taygetos, in the nome of Laconia, Morea (Haussknecht, l.c.). EH. Mt. Parnassus, in the nome of Attica, Livadia. W. Mt. Kyllenes, in the nome of Arcadia (Heldreich, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., swppl., p. 106). ; 327. S. Bripcesi, Rohrb. in App. II. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. Cd (1867) p.5; Monogr., p. 204. Adde: Petala alba vel purpurascentia, unguibus anguste auriculatis. Syn. S. incompta, A. Gray, in Proc. Amer. Acad., vii. (1868) p. 330; vide B. L. Robinson, l.c., xxviii. (1893) p. 189. S. Engelmanni, Rohrb. in App. II. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1867), p. 5; Monogr., p. 213. S. multicaulis, Durand, in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. (1855) ; ex S. Wats., Bibl. Ind., p. 108. Hab. California. ; 328. S. yunnanensis, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxiili. ¢ (1886) p. 425. E basi ramosa, undique tenuissime pubescens, glauca. Rami erecti, rigidi, ultra medium crebre foliati. Folia e basi breviter attenuata, anguste lanceolata, acuminata, 3-nervia, nervis lateralibus marginantibus, supra asperulata, infra dense puberula. Inflorescentia paniculato-corymbosa, in cymas 2-3- floras congestas disposita ; pedicellis abbreviatis. Calyx tubu- loso-clavatus, apice parum constrictus, inferne vix angustatus, preesertim ad nervos purpurascentes pilis crispis vestitus, denti- f bus ovato-triangularibus acutis, Petala rosea, lamina late 160 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. obcordata, lobis latis ovatis, cum dente vel lobulo laterali, appendicibus oblongis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula oblonga. Habitus S. repentis in form& autem petalorum diversa, etiam dispositione bractearum in pedicellis. Characters verified from authentic specimens in Herb. Kew. Hab. China; prov. of Yun-nan. Series 6. Spergulifolic. Flores in racemis simplicibus sive compositis, verticillastra plus minus densa, interdum pauciflora ferentibus: pedicelli medio seu apice binis prophyllis preediti. A. Petala multifida, lobis lateralibus brevibus. 329. SILENE PACHYRRHIZA, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxil. (1886) p. 427. Caules e radice crassa, debiles, erecti, puberulo-scabri ad apicem usque foliosi. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, breviter petio- lata, scabra, caulina mox decrescentia. Inflorescentia obligantha, floribus 3-4; bractes minute, acuminate; pedicelli dense puberuli. Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus, umbilicatus, inferne parum angustatus, pilis brevissimis obsessus, dentibus ovatis, acutis. Petala rosea, unguibus auriculatis, glabris, lobis latera- libus triangularibus, lobis mediis linearibus, appendicibus oblongis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovato-conica. Characters verified, as in the preceding, from specimens in Herb. Kew. Hab. China; prov. of Yun-nan. 339. S. Ota, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 687 ; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Imp. Sc. Pétersb., vii. (1865) p. 332 (Melandrium Olge). Caules erecti, solitarii vel plurimi, simplices vel paullum stricte ramosi, pilis crispis viscidis dense vestiti, 10-30 centim. longi. Folia lanceolata vel ovato - lanceolata acuminata, basi paullum angustata, hirtella, margine pilis longis ciliata, superiora et bractee pedunculoram medium versus sessiles sensim angustiores ac minores. Racemi rami 1-3-vel rarius pluriflori, calyce brevius pedunculati, pedunculis dense viscido- pubescentibus. Calyx 8-10 mm. longus, sepe rubescens, tur- binato-oblongus, fructifer ampliatus ovatus, pilis viscidis dense i a ie MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 161 vestitus, striis viridibus vel nigricanti-rubellis superne arcuatim conjunctis et intra dentes reticulato-venosis, dentibus elongato- lanceolatis, acuminatis albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala pur- purea vel sordide rubro-violacea, unguibus exsertis, longe ciliatis, lobis medianis oblongis, lateralibus lacinulatis, appen- dicibus binis fornicatis elongato-lanceolatis. Filamenta glabra. Capsula ovato-oblonga, subsessilis. Semina reniformia, dorso faciebusque plana dense acute tuberculata. Hab. S.E. Siberia; on the shores of the bay of St. Olga, and near the R. Wai-Fudin. _B. Petala bipartita vel bifida. a. Capsula carpophorum eequans vel fere bis superans. 331. Smene REPENS, Patr. in Pers. Syn. Pl., i. p. 500; Ledeb., Ic. Fl. Rossic., t. 425; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 206. a. ANGUSTIFOLIA (typica), Zurcz. ap. Regel, in Bull. Soc. Nut. Mosc. (1861) p. 561. Folia linearia vel anguste lineari-lanceolata, 14-6 mm. lata. f. sINENSIS, mihi (= S. repens, Franch, in Journ. Botanique, [1890], p. 302). . Folia scabridiora quam in speciminibus Sibiricis. Petaloram appendices lineares, paullum divergentes. Carpophorum velutinum. Hab. N. China; Suen-hoa-fou. B. LATIFOLIA, Turcz. ap. Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1861) p. 561. Folia lineari-lanceolata vel anguste lanceolata, 6-12 mm. lata. y. TRANSCAUCASICA, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 508. Caules simplicissimi ; foliorum fasciculis vel ramulis foliiferis in foliorum caulinorum axillis plane deficientibus. Geogr. limits—N. and EH. Kamtschatka, in Siberia. W. Slatoust, in Central Russia. S. Japan. 332. S. sperautironia, Bieb., Fl. Taur. Cauc., iii. (1819) p. 305; Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv. n. 5101; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 206. Syn. S. spergulifolia var. clavata, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 508. . LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. M 162 MR, F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. Lusus 2. Calyx fructifer brevior, ob carpophorum brevissi- mum ellipsoideus. Syn. S. spergulifolia, var. ellipsoidea, Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop., ii. (1873) p. 508. Lusus 3. Caules debiles, geniculati, glabriusculi; inflorescentix rami primarii elongati. Syn. S. spergulifolia, var. elongata, Botss., Fl. Orient., i. p- 612. B. ARBUSCULA, Boiss., l.c. Dumosa, candice lignoso. Folia lineari-lanceolata. Racemus elongatus. Calyx solim ad strias hirsutus. Geogr. limits—N. Trans-Caucasia. S. and H. Persia; Ruins of Persepolis, in prov. of Fars (var. f). W. Mt. Arjish-tagh, in prov. of Karamania. 333. Strene BornmutsLriert, Freyn, in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitsch. xli. (1891) p. 363. Tota glanduloso-hirta, viscosa, e basi suffrutescente multi- caulis. Caulis infrafoliorum rosulam terminalem lateraliter edens. Caules stricte erecti, apice 1~3-flori. Folia lanceolata, acuta, infima subspathulata, caulina vix diminuta, floralia herbacea, conspicue minora. Calyx florum masculorum major, cylindrico- conicus, rubro-striatus, apice purpureus, dentibus ovatis obtusis ; floruam feminorum et florum hermaphroditoram minor, sub- turbinatus, viridi- vel purpureo-striatus, dentibus oblongis, obtusis, margine subhyalinis. Petala alba, unguibus ciliatis, lobis oblongis, appendicibus binis, oblique ovatis, acutis, denticulatis. Capsula (perjuvenilis) turbinata, carpophoro glabro duplo saltim longiore suffulta. Hab. Prov. of Siwas; Mt. Yildiz-dagh (Bornmueller, exs., n. 2022). B. SUBALPINA, Freyn, l.c. Elatior, vegetior, subpedalis, laxe paniculata, panicule ramis paucis, apice cymoso-trifloris, inferioribus divaricatis vel arrectis, foliis majoribus. Hab. Mt. Yildiz-dagh (Bornmueller, exs., n. 2023). 334. S. supiwa, Bied., Fl. Taur. Cauc., i. p. 336, iii. p. 304; Bot. Maq., t. 1997; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 207. 2 \ MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 163 Geogr. limits—N. and E. Altai Mtns., in Siberia. S. Prov. of Ghilan, N. Persia. W. Bulgaria; nr. Varna (Bornmueller, Pl. exs. Bulgarie Or. [1889], n. 3). b. Capsula subsessilis : flores dioici. 335. SiLeNE pRUINOSA, Botss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. 1. i. p. 23, et vill. p. 85; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 298 (S. supina var. pruinosa). Tota grisea, retrorsum tomentella, e basi suffrutescente multicaulis. Caules adscendentes paniculati, panicule ramis Sepius alternis. Folia brevia, lanceolato-linearia, acuta, sub- spathulata. Calyx glanduloso-hirsutus, cylindrico-conicus, fructifer clavatus, infra capsulam leviter constrictus, nervis anastomosantibus, hispidulis, dentibus ovatis, obtusis, albo- marginatis, ciliatis. Petala alba, unguibus ciliatis inclusis, bifida lobis linearibus, appendicibus binis, parvis, ovatis, obtusis. Capsuia oblongo-conica. Semina globosa, dorso lato convexa, faciebus plana. Species polymorpha, affinis S. spergulifolie, a qua tamen sat differre videtur indumento, foliorum forma, inflorescentia ramosiori paniculata, ramis sepius alternis; occurrunt tamen formes subracemose. Hanc ut varietatem S. supine Rohrbach habet, sed secus Boissier et suo sensu erronée; etenim hec floribus saltem duplo longioribus a S. pruinosa distinguitur. Specimina armena ex Gumuschkhané S. pruinose sistunt ex Rohrbach speciem propriam S. armeniaca Rohrb., sed a typo tantum differunt carpophoro paullulum breviore et transitus adsunt innumeri. Syn. S. virgata, Stapf, in Denkschr. Akad. Wien, li. (1886) p. 283. B. AuPiNA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., 1. p. 613. Caules humiliores procumbentes pauciflori. y. ARMENTACA, Rohrb. (sp.) in App. Alt. Ind. Hort. Berol. (1867) p. 5. Caules suberecti foliosi, basi magis caspitost. Syn. S. pruinosa, var. fasciculata, Boiss., herb. Geogr. limits.—-N. Gumuschkhané, in prov. of Trebizond, Armenia (var. +). S. Mt. Cassius, in prov. of Aleppo. E. W. Persia (Stapf ). W. Prov. of Anatolia. 164 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 336. SILENE BRACHYCARPA, Boiss. et Bal., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. vi. p. 29; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 208. Inflorescentia S. spergulifolie, folia S. pruinose, ab utraque distincta capsula globosd sulcaté, in rostrum pungens abrupte abeunti. Hab. Provinces of Anatolia and Siwas. 337. S. cappapocica, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. I. viii. p. 86; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 209 (S. argentea, var. cappadocica). Hee et S. argentea specifice non differre videntur, sed hocce nomen speciei cujus forme plurime virides glabriuscule sunt servendum esse videtur. 8S. argentea ergo = S. cappadocica var. argentea. Calyx 6 mm. longus, in floribus femineis minor et magis clavatus; petala florum masculorum majora_ profundius bipartita. Affinis S. sibirice que differt foliis latioribus, petalis indivisis, carpophoro elongato. A S. spergulifolié et affinibus, unguibus glabris non dilatatis, floribus minoribus, calyce non glanduloso semper distinguenda. B. ARGENTEA, Ledeb. (sp.), Fl. Rossica, i. p. 311. Tota dense cano-velutina, sicut argentacea. Folia latiora. Calyx flavidus. This plant is only briefly and insufficiently described by Ledebour, and its affinities with other species not satisfactorily made out and compared. Y- GLANDULOSA, Freyn, in Bornm., Pl. Anatolie Orientalis (1890), n. 71; et in Bull. Herb. Boiss., iii. (1895) p. 78. Stirps pilis reversis glandulosis, scabro-pubescens. Caules simplices vel infra medium subramosi. Folia spathulato-linearia. Calyx 8-9 mm. longus, scabro-pubescens glandulosus. Hab. N. and E. Trans-Caucasia. S. and W. Anatolia. c. Flores in racemo composito, ramis racemosis sive dichasia composita ferentibus, aut in racemo simplici ramis strictis uni-vel paucifloris elongatis; (rarissime in formis alpinis caulis uni-vel pauciflorus). Series 7. Lasiostemones. Flores erecti vel nutantes. Petalorum ungues et filamenta lanuginoso-ciliati. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 165 a. Petala unguibus exauriculatis. 338. SILENE arrGHANIca, Rohrb. in App. Alt. Ind. Hort. Berol. (1867), p. 5; Rohkrb., Monogr., p. 210. Hab. Afghanistan. 339. S. puperuLa, Boiss. Fl. Orient., i. p: 636; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 210. Hab. Mt. Pir Omar Gudran, in Persian Kurdistan (Hauss- knecht ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 103); hills near Baibout, in Turkish Armenia. 340. S. Nieperi, Heldr. in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. II. vi. p. 32; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 211. Ab affinibus corona subnulla discrepans. Hab. N. Greece (vide Haussknecht, in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v. [1893] p. 49). E. Carpenisi, in the nome of Attolia. N. Peak of Zygos. S. and W. Ionian Islands; vineyards in the Isle of Sta. Maura (Baldacci, n. 229, ex Bull. Herb. Boiss., iv. p. 203 [Mars, 1896]) ; also Janina, in prov. of Epirus, Turkey (Baldacci, in litt., July, 1896). 341. S. tongiperaLa, Vent., Pl. Jard. Cels, t. 83; Sibth. et Sm., Fl. Greca, v. p. 13, t. 419; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 211. Adde: Petala alba vel purpurascentia, rarius ochroleuca. Species ab affinibus radice repenti, panicule ample ramis longis divaricatis, distincta. Adde syn. S. Ehrenbergiana, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 163, n. 164. S. chloropetala, Rupr., Fl. Caucasi, p. 195 (1369). B. ASPERIFOLIA, F'reyn (sp.), in Bull. Herb. Boiss.,iii. (1895) p. 97. Folia tomentoso-aspera. Pedicelli stricti, ad medium bibrac- teati. Capsula oblonga. Geogr. limits.—N. and E. Prov. of Daghestan, in Cis-Caucasia (S. chloropetala). S. El Arish, on the coast of Egypt, near the frontier of Palestine (Asch. et Schweinf. in Mém. Inst. Egypt., ii. [1889] p. 749). W. Greece; Corinth (Haussknecht, in Mittheil. Thiiring. Bot. Ver., Heft v.). 166 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 342, SILENE KUNAWARENSIS, Foyle, Illustr. Bot. Himalay., p- 79; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 211. Adde: Caules puberuli vel glabri, tenues, foliis puberulis. Calyx umbilicatus. Hab. W. Tibet; Kunawar in the Himalayas. b. Petala unguibus auriculatis; flores nutantes. a. Ungues dente obtuso auriculati. 343. S. Marscwatui, C. A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Cauc., p. 214 (1831) ; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 212. B. EUROPA, mthi. Folia omnia anguste linearia glabra. Calyx glaber. Syn. S. Guicciardii, Boiss. et Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or., Ser. IT. vi. p. 32. Geogr. limits. —N. Eastern Caucasus. S. Elmalu, in Anatolia. E. N. Persia ; Elburz Mtns., between Teheran and Tabreez. W. N. Greece; slopes of Mt. Parnassus, above Livadi. 344, S. saxatTinis, Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 689; Rohrb., Monogr., p. 212. Differt a S. nutante, quicum seepe confusa fuerat, unguibus et filamentis ciliatis, capsulce cum carpophoro proportione. B. CONGESTA, Boiss., Fl. Orient., i. p. 635. Caules subsimplices ; flores brevius pedicellati in 1-2 cymas fasciculiformes congesti. DIIMILENSIS, Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 103. Folia inferiora latiora; flores in cymas_ fasciculiformes breviter pedicellatas congesti. 6. DAGHESTANICA, Rupr. (sp.) Fl. Caucasi, p. 194; Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl., p. 108. Caules in parte inferiore laxius ceespitosi, intricati, crebrius foliati, axillis fasciculiferis. Folia abbreviata, lanceolato- spathulata, acuta, margine aculeolata. Panicula laxa, depau- perata. €, ATROPURPUREA, Rupr., Fl. Caucasi, p. 193. Petala atropurpurea. MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. 167 Geogr. limits—N. Prov. of Daghestan, in Cis-Caucasia (var. 6). S. Mt. Elamut, in North Persia (var. a). H, Russian Armenia (var. #). W. Turkish Armenia; prov. of Trebizond. 345, SILENE aprica, Turez. in Fisch. et Mey., Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop., i. p. 88 (1885); Turcz., Cat. Pl. Baikal., n. 221, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. (1838) p. 88 (sensu limitato). Caules stricti, erecti, simplices vel paullum stricte ramosi, inferne nodosi. Folia subcoriacea lanceolata, inferiora in petiolum attenuata, superiora linearia, omnia acuta, dense pubescentia. Flores in racemo valde elongato, ramis dichasia plus minus composita, verticillastra fingentia ferentibus, interdum elongatis. Bractew parva, villoso-ciliate, pedicel- lorum basi conferte. Calyx breviter oblongus, fructifer infra capsulam leviter constrictus, basi sensim in petiolum attenuatus, dense incano-pubescens, striis viridibus quarum vene pauce conjuncte, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, albo-marginatis, ciliatis. Petala albida, vel rosea, lamina parva bifida, lobis lineari-oblongis, unguibus inclusis, appendicibus _ parvis. Capsula oblonga, carpophorum 5-6-plo superans. Semina dorso faciebusque plana seriatim tuberculata. a. TYPICA, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1870) p. 685. Caules folia et calyces plus minusve dense pubescentes. Lusus 1. Caules incano-puberuli. Folia dense scabridulo- pubescentia. Flores in racemo valde elongato verticillastrifero, superne non raro in dichasium compositum mutato. Calyx 7-9 mm. longus, sub anthesi oblongus, fructifer subampliatus. Petala subinciusa. Syn. Melandrium apricum, [ohrb., Monogr., p. 231, et in Linnea, xxxvi. (1869) p. 239. Lusus 2. Caules dense molliter canescenti-pubescentes. Folia scabriuscula. Flores in dichasiis compositis, ramis florigeris infra inflorescentiam terminalem haud raro acce- dentibus. Calyx (5-6) 7-9 mm. longus, sub anthesi ovato- oblongus, fructifer ampliatus. Petala plus minus longe exserta, Syn. S. Oldhamiana, Miq., Annal. Mus. Lugd. Bat., iii, p. 187. Melandrium Oldhamianum, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 233, et in Linnea, xxxvi. (1869) p. 241. 168 MR. F. N. WILLIAMS ON THE GENUS SILENE. B. Firma, Sieb. et Zucc. (sp.) in Abhandl. Miinch. Akad., iv. 11. p. 166. Caules glaberrimi aut inferne pilis reversis leviter puberuli, nodis valde incrassati. Folia magis coriacea, inferiora sepe late ovato-lanceolata, raro omnia Jate ovata, aut omnia glabra ac margine integra vel serrulato-ciliata, aut inferiora leviter pubescentia. Flores semper in racemo verticillastrifero raro paucifloro. Calyx glaberrimus 6-16 mm. longus. Syn. 8. firmula, Herb. Lugd. Bat. S. melandriiformis, Mazim., Prim. Fl. Amur., p. 54 (1859). Melandrium firmum, Rohrb., Monogr., p. 232. Melandrium apricum, var. firmum, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. (1869) p. 240. Geogr. limits —N. Lake Baikal, in Siberia (the original specimens). S. China; nr. Amoy, on the coast of prov. of Fo-kien (var. typica, lusus 2, Herb. Hance, n. 7410). E. Japan; nr. Yokohama (var. typica, lusus 1, sed forma verticillastris plurifloris, Wichura, n. 1085). W. Mongolia (Kirilow). 346, SILENE princLer, S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. nee APOSTASIACEX OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 247 Very common upon trees in the low country. There are two forms of this one, the true D. atropurpureum of Miquel with deep brownish-red flowers, the other (D. con- cinnum, Miq.), with yellow flowers, sometimes, but rarely, dotted minutely with deep red. The apex of the lip is ciliate. Denprosium (§ AroruM) ATRORUBENS, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules 9 poll. longi, crassi, haud raro ramosi; radices plures, longs, tenues, atrate. Folia 1 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata, approximata, lanceolata, acuta, in sicco rufo-brunea. Capztula terminalia, sepe magna, $ poll. longa, ? poll. in diam., nutantia. Bractee plures vel plurime, 3 poll. long, lanceolate acute, siccw. Flores ¢ poll. longi, atro-rubentes. Sepalum posticum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia majora triangularia; mentum latum, obtusum. Petala sepalis breviora, linearia. Labellum lineari-cuneatum, rubrum ; lobi laterales breves, dentiformes acuti; apex incras- satus, carnosus, atro-rubens, subtus tuberculatus. Hab. Kedah: on Gunong Jerai (Kedah Peak) at 3,000 feet elevation on stumps and low trees (5,140) ! Allied to D. atropurpureum, Miq., but very much larger. Some specimens have very large heads of flowers, others much smaller. The flowers much larger than those of D. atropurpureum, Miq., of a very deep red colour. The lip is bent in the middle ; it is narrow, with a pair of little lateral lobes and a fleshy rounded terminal one, which is thickened and has a tubercle beneath. D. (§ Aporum) Kerrun, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules sepe 1} ped. longi, usque ad # poll. lati, ramosi, debiles. Folia usque ad 2 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata, lanceolata, acuminata, falcata, acuta (texture D. grandis); vagine admodum compresse. Capitula plura, axillaria, } poll. longa; bractese plures, siccw. Flores 3 poll. longi, breviter pedicellati. Sepalum posticum ovatum obtusum purpurascens, lateralia latiora; mentum sepalis multo longius, curvum, obtusum. Petala sepalis breviora, lanceolata, obtusa. Labellum cum sepalis vix squilongum, cuneato- spathulatum, apice bilobum; lobi rotundati, minute denticulati, involuti basi elevatim 3-nervosi, apice pluri-nervosi; callus 0. Columne pes longus, excavatus. Anthera lata, pileata, in margine recta integra. Hab. Siam: Bangtaphan, Dr. Keith! Pungah, C. Curtis ! 248 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEZ AND This plant is most nearly allied to D. grande, Hook.f. It has the same thin-textured foliage and broad stem. The flowers have an unusually long mentum for a plant of this section, and look like those of some very small Pedilonum. Mr. Curtis describes them as dull yellow,—Dr. Keith, as having the petals and sepals purplish green, the lip greenish yellow with bright pink borders. The lip has a narrow linear base, and gradually widens upwards till it ends in a rounded bilobed blade, the margins of which are very obscurely toothed. There is no caruncle or callus on the lip, but the end is thickened and fleshier than the rest of the flower. Denprosium (§ Aporum) Leonts, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann., v1. p- 280. Aporwm Leonis, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 59. A common plant, growing on trees low down in orchards, dry forests, and open places, flowering irregularly all the year. The leaves are dark, dull green. The flower, which is strongly scented of vanilla, is yellowish, thickly dotted with purple outside and cream colour or brownish within, the lip paler above, with a reddish central bar beneath, dotted with purple. It is usually more or less emarginate at the apex and ciliate. The column is rather short, yellowish, with an orange spet at the base. The anther is rather large, cap-shaped, truncate. The stigma very small. Pollinia oblong orange. Hab. Singapore: Selitar! Toas! Tauglin! Pulau Tekong! (in Johore Strait.) Johore: Batu Pahat ! Rhio: Native collector ! Malacca: Merliman ! Sungei Bakru Ulu ! Selangor: Seppan ! Pahang: Kwala Pahang ! Kota Glanggi ! Perak: Scortechini. Kedah: Yan! Cochin-China: Saigon, Haffner ! D. (§ AporuMm) prostratum, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules c. pedales, procumbentes, ramosi, radicati. Folia } poll. longa, ferme 7 poll. lata, oblongo-triangularia, subacuta vel obtusa, carnoso- coriacea, rugosa, alro-viridia seepe purpurascentia. Flores lis D. Leonis similes sed minores, pallide flavi haud raro rufo-tincti, sub expansione odori. Sepalum posticum ovatum obtusum, lateralia multo majora ovata subfalcata; mentum breve, —— =” Fi PT APOSTASIACEH OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 249 curvum, latum, obtusum. Petala sepalis breviora multo angus- tiora tenuiora pallidiora, spathulata. Labellum oblongum, apice dilatatum rotusum, marginibus erectis; carina basi elevata, apice attenuata aurantiaca a callo parvo oblongo vel quadrato erecto ornata. Hab. Singapore: On trees in mangrove swamps, Kranji ! Selitar ! Sungei Blukang ! Selangor: Seppan ! This little species is allied to D. Leonis, Reichb. f., which it resembles in form of leaf and flower, but it is always prostrate in habit, the stems lying flat on the tree trunks, emitting roots from their under side, and branching. The flowers are much smaller than those of D. Leon's, and have a vanilla scent. The lip bears at its end in the broadest part a small almost cubical callus. Denprosium (§ SrronGyte) teres, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 51. Caules plures congesti, 10-15 poll. longi, graciles, rigidi. Folia plura, 3-4 poll. longa, } poll. crassa, teretia, obtusa, atroviridia; vagine 1} poll. longs, teretes, ore obliquo- integre. Flores majusculi, singulatim expansi, e bractearum fasciculis, in apicibus caulinm vetustorum (ob folia delapsa) nudis, exorti; pedicelli cum ovario 3 poll. longi, virescentes. Sepala subsequalia, 4 poll. longa, subpatula, lanceolata, acuta, alba; mentum altra } poll. longum, rectum, conicum, obtusum. Petala sepalis squilonga, paullisper augustiora. Labellum sepalis brevius, 3-lobum, carinis in disco 3 (medio breviore) acutis rubro-flammeis ornatum; lobi laterales oblongo-ovati, subacuti, erecti, a nervis flammeis ornati, medius angustior lan- ceolatus acuminatus acutus. Coluwmna fere recta, alba; venter excavatum, canaliculatum; clinandrium profundum; stelidia erecta, antheram haud superantia. Anthera conica, obtusa; loculi disjuncti; rostrum ovatum, integrum; rostellum in- tegrum, decurvum, rotundatum. Stigma parvum, profundum, ovale, marginibus paullisper elevatis. Hab. Singapore: on high trees, Toas ! Johore: Kota Tinggi! T have little doubt as to the correctness of this identification, though I have not seen the type specimen. But, as Lindley’s description does not, in some respects, fit my specimen, I have given a fresh description. 250 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEH AND The plant is very stout and large for the section, with thick, terete, blunt leaves, very distant, on account of the long inter- nodes. The flowers are of a thicker texture than most in the section, and last longer. They are pure white, except for the flame-coloured veins on the inner side of the lateral lobes of the lip and the three red keels in the middle. They have a scent of heliotrope. The lip is distinctly three-lobed, a rarity in the section, the mid-lobe being sharp and acute. It is not a common plant. Denprosium (§ SrroncyLe) suNcEuM, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1842) Misc., p. 9. Hab. Singapore: Hort. Loddiges. T have met with nothing corresponding to this species in Singapore; but what I take to be the plant intended I received from Manilla, sent by Sr. Vidal. If I am correct in this, its affinity is with D. crumenatum, Sw., not with the section Strongyle, although the leaves are terete, or nearly so. D. acicuLarn, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 81. Said to come from Singapore, but was doubtless erroneously located. D. (§ StroncyLe) aupicotor, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules usque ad © poll. longi, scope ramosi, basi ob folia delapsa nudi; internodi superne dilatati. Folia 1-14 poll. longa, crassa, teretia, acuta, atro-viridia. Flores sepe terminales, singuli, pro sectione maximi, albi; pedicelli ferme 1} poll. longi, graciles. Sepalum posticum parvum oblongum obtusum, lateralia multo majora: mentum cum sepalis e#quilongum, curvum, obtusum. Petala sepalis angustiora, lineari-oblonga. Labellum obcuneatum, emarginatum, album, apice flavo-tinc- tum ; margines crispi; linea mediana elevata. Columna brevis ; pes longus; stelidia erecta. Anthera ovoidea. Stigma rotun- datum, ovatum. Hab. Siam: Pungah, Curtis ! I had some fine plants of this in the Singapore Botanic Garden, which I believe came from Mr. G. Mann, in Assam, but their label was lost. It has the largest flowers in the section, nearly pure white, except a yellow tint on the lip and some pink spots on the column foot. D. (§ SrroneyLe) KenTRopHYLLUM, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 725. APOSTASIACEH OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 251 Hab. Perak: Scortechini. Pahang: Tahan River Woods? (a fruiting specimen only.) This seems most to resemble D. acerosum, Lindl., but the mentum is very narrow and acute. Denprosiom (§ Srroncyne) suBuLarum, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 726. Hab. Singapore: Bukit Timah! Bukit Mandai! Selitar! Penang: Western Road, C. Curtis! Rhio: Native collector ! Also Sumatra: Djambi! A small tufted plant with semi-transparent whitish flowers veined with pink, the lip white with a central orange spot. D. (§ Stroncyig) acerosum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1841) Misc.,p.43. Hab. Singapore: Kranji! Common on trees and bushes. Johore: Kwala Kahang, Kwala Sembrong, Lake and Kelsall! Tanah Runto! Pahang: Kwala Pahang ! Penang: Near the town, C. Curtis! Rhio ! Siam: Bangtaphan, Dr. Keith! D. (§ Srronayie) FLEXILE, Pidl., sp. nova. Caules plures, usque ad 3 poll. longi, tenues, gracillimi, flexuosi, pendnli. Folia ? poll. longa, teretia, acuminata acuta, ad caulem ad- pressa. Flores subterminales, 3 poll. longi, penduli. Sepalum posticum parvum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia ovato-trian- gularia acuta; mentum multo majus, latum, obtusum, curvum. Petala parva, linearia, alba. Labellum album, macula in medio aurantiacé; unguis linearis; lamina lata, obovato-rotundata, apice obscure 3-loba, in margine denticulata. Hab. Singapore: Bukit Tinah! Pulau Aor: East corner of Johore, Feilding ! The smallest plant of the section that I have seen, with flowers nearly as large as those of D. subulatum, Hook. f. D. (§ Vircarm) conostattx, Reichb., f., in Walp. Ann., vi. p- 292. D. calcaratum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misce., p. 89. Hab. Singapore: Changi! Bukit Mandai! Tampinis! Malacca: Bukit Bruang! This inconspicuous slender plant almost always grows in shallow water. It is called “ Rumput Raja,” Sari, in Malacca. 252 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEA AND Denprosium (§ VirGat®) vinLosuLum, Wall. List, n. 2006. D. Lobbii, Teysm. et Binn. in Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., v. (1853) p. 491. Hab. Singapore: Bajan, in dry woods! Toas! Kranji! Sungei Buloh! Malacca: Mt. Ophir! Alt. 3,000 feet. Penang: Porter (Wall. List, n. 2006). Kedah: Kedah Peak! At 4,000 feet elevation. I have little doubt but that Teysmann’s D. Lobbii is the same as Wallich’s plant, as there are specimens quite identical with the common species in Lobb’s Herbarium (n. 482). It is always terrestrial, growing among dry leaves and in moss, and ascending to the tops of the mountains. D. (§ Virgarz) apretinum, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules plures, pedales, graciles; internodi inferiores longi, canaliculati, glabri. Folia remota, 4 poll. longa, } poll. lata, acuta, canali- culata. Flores parvi, in racemo brevissimo bini; bractex parvee, lanceolate, cum 4 parte pedicelli aquilonge. Sepala explanata, alba rufo-striata, oblonga obtusa, lateralia (postico latiora) { poll. longa, } poll. lata; mentum cum sepalis sequi- longum. etala anguste linearia, acuta, virescentia linea mediana rufescente. Labellum carnosum, spathulatum, obscure 4-lobum ; lobi laterales vix distincti, medius paullo longior emarginatus obtusus pallide viridis; carinw in disco 2, paullo elevate. Columna angusta, fere recta, basi excavata, alba; stelidia recta dentiformia. Anthera oblonga, quadrata. Stigma magnum. Hab. Kedah: Gunong Jerai! 4,000 feet alt.; Gunong Raya, Curtis ! Perak: Maxwell’s Hill! 3,090 feet alt. An ally of D. pinifolia, Ridl., but differing in its thinner glabrous stems, linear channelled leaves, much smaller flowers, and different lip. The base of the column is excavate, so as to form a nectary. It is epiphytic, growing on trees, at no great height from the ground in dense woods. D. (§ Bampustrourm) GemeLium, Lindl, Gen. et Sp. Oreh.. p. 81, Epiphytica, 2-3-pedalis. Caules erecti, basi teretes, superne compressi. Folia 4 poll. longa, 4 poll. lata, lanceolata, lorata, tenuiter coriacea, graminea, striata, nec carinata nec canaliculata, apice obtusa inequaliter biloba; vagine } poll. long, transversim rugose, ore integra. Racemus brevissimus, eR ee: Oy =» APOSTASIACEH OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 253 in bracteis 2 oblongis obtusis celatus, biflorus, e medio internodi (folio oppositus) extrusus. lores parvuli, flavescentes. Bractea floralis minuta, ovata; pedicellus 4 poll. longus, gracilis; ovarium distinctum, ¢ poll. longum, crassiusculum. Sepalum posticum lanceolatum subebtusum, lateralia majora triangulari- lanceolata ; mentum cum sepalis equilonga, crassum, obtusum, eurvum. Petala lineari-lanceolata, acuta, flavescentia vel virescentia. Labellum sepalis brevius, angustum, spathulatum, tenue, albescens, integrum; margines erecti; linea mediana paullo elevata. Coluwmna brevis, crassa; clinandrium profun- dum ; pes longiusculus. Anthera calvariiformis, minute verrucosula margine retuso; pollinia 4, squalia, elliptica, parallela ; stelidia brevissima, vix distinguenda ; rostellum poculiforme, latum, crassum, integrum. Sfigna magnum, oblongum, profundum, basi a callo conico bifido auctum. Hab. Singapore: On mangroves ! Malacca: Bukit Bruang, Griffith, in herb. Lindley ! Also Java! Sumatra, Djambi! i APOSTASIACEZ OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 271 and branches low down. The flowers are borne on very short scapes, sometimes singly close to a pseudo-bulb, sometimes one on each side of a pseudo-bulb, or again, sometimes, at some distance from it. They are reversed, 7.e., the lateral sepals are uppermost, and open but a little, resembling the head of some large-beaked bird. The lateral sepals are dark crimson, and meet together by their edges, so as to form a kind of reversed boat. The petals are small and inconspicuous. The lip is shorter than the sepals, narrow, with a thickened claw, orange- coloured, with a crimson groove at the base, and minutely papillose. The capsule is very large in proportion to the size of the flower, with very well-developed keels. ButpopHyLium (§ MonaNnTHAPARVA) VITELLINUM, Pidl., sp. nova. fthizoma elongatum, gracile. Pseudo-bulbi 1 poll. longi, conici, obliqui, quadrangulares, inter se ? poll. dissiti. Folium 1} poll. longum, § poll. latum, lanceolatum, obtusum, pallide viride. Pedunculi 4 poll. longi, capillares, 3-4 prope ad pseudo-bulbum congesti aut distantes ; pedicellus cum flore expanso sequilongus, proventu 2-plo longior. Flos vix } poll. longus. Sepalaum posticnm oblongo-ovatum aurantiacum apice a lineis 3 ker- mesinis nigro-maculatis marginatum, lateralia lanceolato ovata patentia flava. Petala cum 3} parte sepali postici squilonga obovato-oblonga, retusa, aurantiaca apice a 4 maculis atris glandulosis marginata, in margine minute ciliata. Labellum cum sepalo equilongum, oblongum, obtusum, subcarnosum, aurantiacum, basi excavatum, canaliculatum. Colwmna brevius- cula; pes productus; stelidia linearia, obtusa, longiuscula, erecta. Capsula 4 poll. longa, fusiformis, pendula. Hab. Sumatra ? (c. in Hort. Rauch, Singapore, Jan., 1894). Belongs to the same set as B. catenariwm, Ridl., but has larger bulbs and leaves than any of the species which I have seen. The flowers are, however, smaller than those of B. coriaceum, Ridl., from Kinabalu. The pedicel of the flower lengthens to double its size in the fruit. This was found on a tree in a garden in Singapore with B. Epicrianthes, Hook. f., and Dendrocolla fulgens, mihi. All were said to have been obtained in Singapore, but I think they probably came from Sumatra. B. (§ MonanruaparvA) MONANTHOS, Iidl., sp. nova. Rhizoma gracillimum, longe repens; radices copiose. Pseudo-bulbi 272 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDER AND 2 poll. longi, ovoideo-conici, dissiti. Foliwm 14 poll. longum, 2 poll. latum, elliptico-lanceolatum, obtusum. Scap? plurimi, 1 poll. longi, filiformes. los singulus, parvus; bractea cupuli- formis, mucronata. Sepalwm posticum lanceolatum obtusum rubronervium, lateralia (postico majora) ferme } poll. longa lanceolata acuta flava. Petala cum } parte sepali vix equilonga, late ovata acuta, apice purpurea. Labellwm sepalis brevius, lanceolatum, planum, subobtusum, flavum basi purpureo- maculatum. Columna breviuscula; stelidia longa, subulata, ascendentia. Anthera ovata, depressa. Hab. Siam: Pungah, Kasoom Road, (. Curtis ! This species, of which I have seen but one flower, is closely allied to B. catenarium, Ridl., which it much resembles in the form of the flower, but the pseudo-bulbs and foliage more resemble those of B. modestwm, Hook., f. The bract is like that of B. Avicella, Ridl., a wineglass-shaped cup, from one side of which projects a small point or mucro. BvuLBopHYLLUM CLANDEsTINUM, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1841) Mesc., p. 77. Hab. Singapore: Very common; Kranji, Tanglia, Sungei Morai, Chan Chu Kang! Johore: Kota Tinggi ! Malacca: Batu Berendam (R. Derry)! Penang: Telak Tikus, C. Curtis ! Pahang: Pekan, Tahan River! Perak: Scortechini. Also Rhio! (Native Collector). Java, Dr. Treub! Abundant on trees in open country, river banks, &c. B. caprratum, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 56. Hab. Johore: Batu Pahat, Lake and Kelsall! Penang: Government Hill, Curtis ! Perak: Gunong Hijan! Gunong Batu Putih, Wray. Also occurs in Java and Borneo. The flowers are orange red, brightest at the tips of the sepals. They are not really capitate, as the name implies, but in short racemes. It appears to be always a native of hill districts. B. Ericrrantues, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 753. In specimens cultivated here, I find 14 petal threads, two pairs of threes, and two single ones. They are not strap- I poll. longum, 1 poll. latum, oblongo-lanceolatum, crassum, subpetiolatum ; petiolus } poll. longus. Scapus 14 poll. longus, crassus, pseudo-bulbo approximatus, a vaginis tectus; racemus 3 poll. longus, densus. Flores plurimi, } poll. longi; bractew ¢ poll. longee, cum ovariis equilonge, lanceolate acuminate. Sepalum posticum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia longiora approximata. Petala sepalis multo breviora, late ovata, apice subulata. Labellwm sepalis multo brevius, basi in canaliculo 2-carinatum ; unguis crassus; lamina lanceolata obtusa, plana, recta; sepala petala pallide lilacina (in marginibus sepalorum et labelli canaliculo presertim) roseo-punctata. Colwmna erecta, longiuscula; pes cum columna equilongus, ab hac ferme liber; stelidia erecta, lanceolata acuta, antheram superavtia. Stigma magnum, rotundatum. Hab. Kedah: Kedah Peak! Southern Siam: C. Curtis! —-- Sa an i oe APOSTASIACEEH OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 277 This species is allied to B. Pechet (Hort. Bull) from Moulmein. Butpornytium (§ Racemosz) pensirtorum, Ridl., sp. nova. Rhizoma longissimum, lignosum, crassum ; internodi 3 poll. longi, a vaginarum fibrillis tecti; radices paucey, graciles. Pseudo-bulbi 1 poll. longi ¢ poll. lati, anguste oblongi, teretes paullisper compressi, basi haud incrassati, inter se (usque ad 6 poll.) distantes, atrovirides basi purpurascentes. Foliwm 12 poll. longum, 1-2 poll. latum, anguste lanceolatum acuminatum acutum, tenuiter coriaceum, atroviride in dorso pallidius, canaliculatum, carinatum. acemus 2-poll. longus, densus, pendulus; pedunculus 14 poll. longus, crassus, a vaginis ampliatis olivaceis rubropunctatis tectus. Flores parvuli; bractese ferme 4 poll. longs, lanceolate, ovarium breve minute pubescens pedicellumque superantes. Sepaluwm posticum 3 poll. longum, ovatum, lanceolatum, carinatum, mucronatum, basi Virescens apice extds purpurascens purpureo - punctatum, lateralia 2 poll. longa, postico longiora, lanceolata acuminata acuta, carinata, torta, porrecta, colore (quam sepali postici) pallidiore ; margines approximati. Petala j{ poll. longa, lanceolata, mucronata. Labellum lingueforme, carnosum, purpureum, basi profunde canaliculatum, apice decurvum ; Margines erecti, carinati. Columna ferme globosa, brevis, albescens purpureo-punctata; pes angustus, apice liber; stelidia erecta triangularia, acuta. Stigma parvum, profundum. Capsula 14 poll. longa, crassa, elongata, pyriformis. Hab. Singapore: Selitar! Bukit Mandai! Bukit Timah! Kranji! Choa Chu Kang! Allied to B. crassipes, Hook. f., but with different foliar organs, and differently coloured flowers. It frequents the trunks of trees, usually in dense woods. B. crassipes, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 760. Hab. “ Penang: Herb. Lindl.”’ [ have not met with this. B. urwpatum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 74. Hab. “ Singapore: (Hort. Loddiges).” B. (§ Racemos#) Gicas, Ridl., sp. nova. Rhizoma elongatum, lignosum, ramosum. Pseudo-bulbi $—} poll. longi, } poll. crassi, 278 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEZ AND cylindrici, longe (usque ad 6 poll.) dissiti. Folium 18 poll. longum, 6 poll. latum, obovatum aut oblanceolatum, coriaceum, carinatum, in petiolum longum attenuatum. Scapus 1} ped. longus, crassus, erectus, pseudo-bulbo approximatus; vagine ferme 4 poll. longs, superne ampliate remote. Racemus 5 poll. longus, densus, multiflorus, nutans; bractes 43-? poll. longe, ovate, flores ferme tegentes. flores 4 poll. longi, breviter pedicellati. Sepala lanceolata acuta, lateralia a mento gibboso brevi aucta. Petala sepalis angustiora, linearia ; sepala petala alba rubro-maculata. Labellum parvum, sessile, columna brevius, hastatum, obtusum, aurantiacum, basi incrassatum emarginatum, apice decurvum; carine 2, subparallele. Columna crassa, alba, maculis purpureis 2 parvis in stigmatis latere, 1 magna in basi sitis; pes breviusculus, aurantiacus; stelidia 2-dentata, dente postico brevissimo, antico longiore acuto. Capsula 13 poll. longa, elongato-pyriformis. Hab, Perak: On rocks and trees at Maxwell’s Hill, Larut Hills! This is, I think, the largest of all known Bulbophylla, as far at least as foliar organs go. It isan ally evidently of B. Beccarit, Reichb. f. The racemes are dense, but not large, and the flowers by no means conspicuous. BuLBopuytium (§ Racemosx) TRiroLIuM, Ridl., sp. nova. Pseudo-bulbi } poll. longi, compacte aggregati, conoideo-ovoidel, virides ; radices copiose, fibrose. Folium 6 poll. longum, 1 poll. latum, lanceolatum acutum, subtus pallidius ; margines et carina vix elevata purpurascentes. Scapus 1 poll. longus, crassus, albus, 4 vagina brunea tectus; racemus 2 poll. longus, erectus, capitatus. Flores parvi, dense congesti; ovaria brevissima, pubescentia, viridia; bractew lanceolate acute, pubescentes, albee. Sepalum posticum late lanceolatum acutum, pubescens, a striis 3 roseo-striatum, lateralia postico longiora obliqua lanceolata ab acumine excurvo acuminata tristriata pubescentia a macula kermesina basali striis punctisque roseis ornata. Petala sepalo postico breviora, lineari-lorata obtusa, unistriata, pubescentia, rosea. Labellwm breve, unguiculatum, lingueeforme, apice rotundato carnosulum, canaliculatum, album roseo- kermesino crebre punctatum, verrucosum; canaliculus medius, atrokermesinus. Columna brevis, flavescenti-viridis ; dens magnus, albus, porrectus, e ventre ortus; pes longus, planus, sanenitenmmeteitis —— eoombeat ic I APOSTASIACEH OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 279 albus rubro-marginatus. Anthera obtuse conica, margine recto ; stelidia elongata, lata, truncata, suberecta. Hab. Singapore: Sungei Morai! (Flowers Aug.—Dec.). A very curious plant with a capitulum looking like a head of pink clover (Trifolium medium, Linn.). The pubescence of the flowers and the remarkable tooth on the face of the column are its most striking peculiarities. Butsoryytium (§ Inrervaunataz), Stevia, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxi. (1896) p. 277. Hab. Singapore: Bukit Mandai! Jurong! Choa Chu Kang! Kedah: Woods on Kedah Peak! Perak ?: (A sketch among Scortechini’s drawings.) This grows on the stems of trees in thick jungle. B. (§ IntERVALLAT#) CLEISTOGAMUM, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxi. (1896) p. 277. Hab. Perak: Waterloo, C. Curtis. Rhio: (Native collector). CIRRHOPETALUM, Lindl. C. Mepusa, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1842), t. 12. Hab. Singapore: Tanglin! On trees by the roadside, Bukit Timah, and on very lofty trees, Chan Chu Kang! Johore: Tengarah, T. Feilding! Perak: Dindings at Lumut! Pahang: Tahan River! This does not seem to be a very uncommon plant, but it so frequently inhabits the tops of the loftiest trees that it is often quite inaccessible. C. vacinatum, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 59, et in Wall. List, n. 1979, Hab. Singapore: Tanglin, &e. ! Johore: Tana Runto! Selangor: Bukit Hitam, Kelsall! Sepan! Petaling! Malacca: Ching! Mt. Ophir ! Pahang: Kwala Pahang! Kwantan! Cherating ! Penang: Government Hill, C. Curtis ! 280 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEZ AND The commonest species here, often densely covering branches of trees. The flowers are of a pale straw-colour. It is very floriferous and easy of cultivation. CIRRHOPETALUM PSITTACOIDES, Ridl., sp. nova. Rhizoma breve. Pseudo-bulbi poll. longi, congesti, conici, rugosi neque angulati. Foliwm 4 poll. longum, 1 poll. latum, elliptico-lanceolatum obtusum, coriaceum, apice bifidum. Scapus 8 poll. longus, gracillimus, ruber. Flores pro genere minimi, 8-9-nim verti- cillati; bractes ,1; poll. longs, lanceolate acuminate. Ovarium cum pedicello } poll. longum, rubrum. Sepalwm posticum ovatum, cucullatum, longe cuspidatum, in margine ciliatum, basi flavum apice rubrum, lateralia 1} poll. longa basi connata tubum ore rotundatum formantia apice libera longe setacea omnino (maculis 2 flavis in tubi ore sitis exceptis) atro-rubentia. Petala lanceolata acuminata, longe aristata, in margine ciliata. Labellum lingureforme, ovatum acutum, carnosum, violaceum in media parte pallidius lucidum. Colwmna conica, in pede lato sigmoideo flava, in ventre rubro-punctata ; stelidia lata, tenuia, translucentia. Hab. Singapore: On Freshwater Island, south of Singapore ! Johore: Batu Pahat, Lake and Kelsall ! Malacca: N. Cantley ! This is a very distinct little species, and, though the flowers are small, is really pretty. The lateral sepals are so bent and connate at the base as to form a tube with a circular mouth, over which hangs the small violet lip. Their apices are separate and hang down, and are very slender and setaceous. The petals are rather long in proportion and strongly ciliate. The flowers form a perfect circle and look like a series of very small parrots’ heads, the lip representing the beak. They are (as indeed all the Cirrhopetala are) fertilized by a minute Dipteron, which usually settles upon the long pendent sepals and climbs up them till it reaches the lip upon which it sits, and when it has got beyond the balancing point of the lip is pitched off upon the column, where it receives the pollinia. I have seen one fly ride on the lips of all the flowers in an umbel in turn, but as a rule only one or two flowers at most are feriilized. C. Loncisstuum, Ridl., sp. nova. Rhizoma crassiusculum. Pseudo-bulbi 1 poll. longi, 4 poll. crassi, congesti, conici, curvi. Folium 6-8 poll. longum, 1 poll. latum, oblongo-lanceolatum EE bal nt eta APOSTASIACEZ OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 281 acutum,; coriaceum, basi tortum; petiolus crassus. Scapus 8 poll. longus, pendulus, crassiusculus, basi cum psendo-bulbo in vagina 1} poll. longa siccd striaté involutus; vagine 2-3, 1 poll. longs, acuminate remote adduntur. Umbella 4-7-flora ; bractese 4 poll. long, lanceolate: acuminate. Sepalwm posticum ? poll. longum } poll. latum, lanceolatum caudatum, in margine minute ciliatum, carneum a nervis 5 rubris percursum, lateralia 8-12 poll. longa pallide carnea usque ad 4-3 longitudinem connata apice libera filiformia. Petala } poll. longa, lanceolata, falcata, in margine ciliata, rosea. Labellum longius, lingue- forme, acutum, carnosum, in medio canaliculatum, album. Columna majuscula; stelidia brevia, obtusa; clinandrium in margine minute denticulatum. ii a — a APOSTASIACEE® OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 285 CrrrHoreTaLuM MakoyANuMvar. BRIENIANUM, 7.c.,O. Brienianum, Rolfe, in Kew Bulletin (1893) p. 62. Hab. Johore: Gunong Pauti! 2,000 feet alt. Perak: Thaiping! This was first described by Reichenbach as from Brazil and figured in the ‘ Botanical Magazine’ without locality. It is not common in the peninsula, but seems to be plentiful in Borneo. The plant varies a good deal in the form of the pseudo-bulb ; one form has large thick approximate bulbs usually four-angled and broad elliptic leaves ; the other has a slender rhizome, small distant pseudo-bulbs, and narrower lanceolate leaves. What 1 take to be Rolfe’s C. Brienitanum is only different in colour. I have compared both plants, the spotted one, C. Makoyanum, Reichb.f.,and C. Brienianum, Rolfe, very carefully,and cannot see any constant difference in form in any part, and as the colouring of the typical one varies a good deal, I put Brienianum as a variety. Both forms come from Borneo as well as the peninsula. CIRRHOPETALUM CITRINUM, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) Xxx1. (1896) p. 279. Hab. Singapore: Freshwater Island! Tanjong Gol! Kranji! Sungei Buluh! Malacca: Mt. Ophir! Perak: Thaiping! C. toncescapum, Teysm. and Binn. in Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., xxiv. (1862) p. 310. Hab. “ Penang, Lobb.” I have not met with anything answering to the description of this, which is described as having two-leaved pseudo-bulbs, a thing unknown in any Cirrhopetalum or Bulbophyllum. The type specimen in Herb. Buitenzorg consists merely of a portion of the scape without the flowers. C. puanrpunse, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 11. (Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 364, t. 64. Hab. Pahang: Pekan! Kedah: Yan! On trees. C. (§ Epuipreium) Buvaet, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 59. Rhizoma } poll. crassum, ramosum. Pseudo-bulbi 1-1} poll. longum, } poll. crassum, conici, sulcati, virides. Foliwm 4 poll. 286 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEX AND longum, ? poll. latum, lanceolatum acutum, basi longe angus- tatum atroviride. Scapus 3 poll. longus, filiformis, 1-florus ; pedicellus cum ovario 3 poll. longus ; bractea lanceolata, arcte adpressa. Sepalum posticum 1 poll. longum } poll. latum, lineari- lanceolatum subulatum, basi ciliato-marginatum, roseum vel kermesinum albo-marginatum, lateralia 14 poll. longa lanceolata subulata, falcata, glabra, rosea apice marginibusque flavescentia aut alba. Petala parva, oblique lanceolata acuta, basi approxi- mata apice divergentia, glabra, rosea, basi in margine inferiore denticulata, a pustulis minutis atropurpureis ornata. Labellum vix 4 poll. longum, lingueforme, stipitatum, basi crassum canaliculatum ciliatum, apice subulatum. Columna recta; stelidia dentiformia acuta, antheram oblongam conicam superantia. Stigma longum, angustum. Lphippiwm ciliatum, Blume, Bijdr., p. 309. Hab. Singapore: Kranji! Mangrove swamps rare, Sungei Buloh ! Chan Chu Kang! Java: Buitenzorg! The description of Ephippium ciliatum, Blume, is very meagre, nor does this plant seem to have been met with since nor described afresh. I have little doubt, however, that the plant above described was the species intended by Blume, the dorsal sepal being shorter than the lateral sepals. I have retained. the species under the genus Cirrhopetalum, but it differs considerably from any other species known to me. The sepals are narrow, and end in long terete points. The petals are so placed that the upper margins at the base meet over and nearly conceal the anther: but the points diverge widely and the lower margins are turned outwards. The lip is thick at the base, and has a channel in the middle line. It terminates in a long subulate point. The column is rather tall, and the stelidia are erect. The pollinia are elliptic and longer in shape than is usual in the genus. The Singapore form was darker in colour than that from Java, otherwise it appeared quite the same. Crrrnoretatum (§ Epurpprum) Restrepta, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. IT. ( Bot.) iii. (1893) p. 365. Hab. Pahang: Pekan! On trees. This is certainly allied to the preceding species, having the solitary flower with large deflexed lateral sepals. ee ei, ee APOSTASIACEE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 287 DENDROCHILUM, Blume. Denprocuitum, Blume. The genus Dendrochilum was founded by Blume to include a number of plants which Bentham rightly separated into Dendrochilum and Platyclinis, the former including Blume’s Section 1 of Dendrochilum. To this section Lindley added a Madagascar plant which has long been referred to Bulbophyllum. Blume’s species were D. aurantiacum, with orange flowers, and D. pallideflavens, with pale yellowish flowers. Hooker (‘ Flora of British India’) gives three species from the Malay Peninsula—D. pallidiflorum, Blume (misprint for D. pallideflavens, Blume), D. linearifolium, Hook. f. (which from the Icones plantarum, fig. 1859, is, it appears to me, a Platyclinis) and D. bracteosum, Reichb. f., collected in the “ Malay Peninsula”’ by Finlayson. I have met with two more species, apparently undescribed, viz., D. crassum and D. album, mihi, and two others too incomplete for description, one a small species with narrow leaves and greenish-white flowers collected on Bukit Hitam, in Selangor, by Lieut. Kelsall, and another, with a much branched rhizome, thin-textured oblanceolate leaves, and very curious short three-lobed capsules, which I found without flowers on a tree far up the Tahan Valley, in Pahang. D. PALLIDEFLAVENS, Blume, Bijdr., p. 399, t. 52. Hab. Perak: up to 4,000 feet, Scortechini, King’s Collector. (I have not met with this.) D. atsum, Ridl., sp. nova. Rhizoma longum, ¢ poll. crassum, teres ; internodi 1 poll. longi. Pseudo-bulbi 1 poll. longi, conici. Folium 3-4 poll longum, 3-1 poll. latum, elliptico-lanceolatum obtusum ; petiolus 4 poll. longus. Racemi 4, 1 poll. longi, gracillimi, basi a bracteis membranaceis tect!; rhachis angu- lata. Flores parvi, copiosi, albi; bractew minima, pedicellis multo breviores, ovate. Sepala } poll. longa, linearia, obtusa, carinata, apice incrassata. Petala subsimilia, minora. Labellum petalis brevius, lanceolatum subacutum; carine 2, basi elevate incrassate: ; canaliculus medianus, apice tenuior. Columna arcuata, superne incrassata ; clinandrii margo dorsalis productus lanceolatus, apice bifidns, antheram parvam subglobosam multo superans ; pes brevis; stelidia linearia acuminata, suberecta. 288 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEE AND Hab. Perak: On trees at Maxwell’s Hill, Larut Hill! Siam: Pungah, on trees in damp shady places, C. Curtis ! The Siamese plant has thinner lanceolate acute leaves, and longer and more slender pseudo-bulbs, but appears to belong to the same species. DeNpROCHILUM cRASSUM, Ridl., sp. nova. Rhizoma } poll. crassum, teres; internodi 4-} poll. longi. Pseudo-bulbi 5 poll. longi, cylindrici. Folium 4 poll. longum, 1} poll. latum, ellip- ticum obtusum, coriaceum ; petiolus } poll. longus. Racemi j poll. longi, a floribus parvis undique tecti; rhachis angulata; bractes cum 3 parte pedicelli equilonge, ovato-lanceolate. Sepala 4 poll. longa et ultra, oblonga, obtusa, carnosa. Petala obovata, obtusa, carnosa. Labellum parvum, panduratum, apice late ovatum; carine 2, basi carnose. Ovolumna apice cucullata, incrassata; pes brevissimus; clinandrii margo latus rotundatus, integer; stelidia lanceolata acuta, falcata; anthera majuscula. Hab. Perak: Hermitage Hill! This has broader and thicker leaves than the preceding, more fleshy flowers with broader sepals and petals, a pandurate lip, broad blunt entire hood to the column, and shorter falcate stelidia. The flowers have green sepals and petals and a white lip. ERIA, Lindl. Eria (§ Eriura) osiigua, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) ili. (1859) p. 55. Hab. Singapore: Mangrove swamps, Kranji! Bukit Timah ! Johore: Batu Pahat! Also Rhio! And Borneo, Haviland ! This is a small tufted plant with little white pubescent flowers, which have usually a row of pale purple spots on each lateral lobe, and a yellow spot in the centre of the mid-lobe. It was first obtained by Cuming, in Singapore. K. (§ Eriura) masor, Ridl. ex Stapf, in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II. (Bot.) iv. (1894) p. 237, in syn. E. Kingii, Hook. f., FI. Brit. Ind., v. p. 790 (non F. Muell). E. Scortechinii, Stapf, in Trans, Linn. Soc., l.c. (non Hook. f.). a ere ene APOSTASIACEZ OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 289 Hab. Perak: Maxwell’s Hill! to the top of the range. A tall tufted plant. Flowers greenish yellow, the lip white, lateral lobes spreading spotted pink, mid-lobe deep maroon purple, with a pulverulent white callus almost covering the disc. There is also a pulverulent white callus at the base of the lip. Column white, edged reddish purple. The name 2H. Kingit (Hook. f., l.c.) was used previously by F. von Mueller for an Australian species, and Dr. Stapf, in the paper on the flora of Kinabalu (Trans. Linn. Soc., 1.c.), substituted the name H. Scortechinii for it, overlooking the fact that that name also was pre-occupied. I had described the Bornean plant as a variety under the name FE. Kingii, ‘‘ var. major,” accidentally printed #. major, Ridl., which thus becomes the oldest specific name. Err (§ Eriura) sens, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules 12 poll. longi, validi, crassi, subcompressi, plures undique foliati. Folia 9-18 poll. longa, 13 poll. lata, articulata, lete viridia, disticha, subcoriacea, graminea, acuta, insequaliter biloba, suberecta vel longiora nutantia. Scapi 3, in axillis terminalibus erecti, ultra pedem longi, lanuginosi, preter bracteas paucas basales ovatas acutas nudi. Flores parvi, copiosi, dissiti; bractesw erecte, pedicellis appresse. Sepalwm posticum ¢ poll. longum, ovatum obtusum, lateralia multo majora ovata obliqua late explanata, omnia in dorso pubescentia pallide purpurascentia, in paginis interioribus glabra, virescentia atro-kermesino-maculata, apice obscuriora. Petala sepalo postico multo minora, lineari-oblonga obtusa, rosacea. Labellum + poll. longum, pallide flavum in disco angusto, albo-farinosum ; lobi laterales lati obtusi rotundati pallide flayi in marginibus rubro-punctati, in medio a carinis 2 rubris carinati, medius bifidus laciniis linearibus albis. Columna gracilis, recta, alba kermesino-marginata ; clinandrium profundum, late ellipticum. Anthera plana, ferme bilocularis ; pollinia 8, pyriformia, pallide flava; rostellum breve, linguie- forme. Hab. Perak: Maxwell’s Hill, Larut Hills! Alt. 2-4,000 feet. —Java. I should have taken this for H. irid/folia, Hook. f., except for the description of the terminal lobe of the lip, which is described and figured as concave and rounded, instead of being bifid. It isa very large stout plant, with the habit somewhat of Dipidiuwm LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXII. U 290 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEZ AND paludosum, Reichb. f., except that it does not emit roots from the upper part of the stem. Era (§ Erivra) rrtpirowra, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 790, Ic. Pl., t. 2057. Hab. Perak: Gunong Batu Putih, Wray. E. (§ Ertura) Lonewouia, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 790, Ic. Pl., t. 2068. Hab. Perak: Maxwell’s Hill, Gunong Hijan, Larut Hills! to 5,000 feet alt. Ulu Batang Padang, Wray. The flowers are entirely pure white. The lip in my specimens, when the flowers are fully developed, is narrower at the base, and longer in proportion to the rest of the perianth than in the figure. There are two little oblique ridges, one on each side in the broadest part. In one rather small form the flowers are arranged in whorls on the raceme, but they are not fully expanded. K. (§ Hymeneria) rioripunpa, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1843) Misc., p- 43 (1844), t. 20, et in Wall. List, n. 7408. Hab. Singapore: Common in mangrove swamps; Kranji! Sungei Morai! Sungei Buloh, &c. ! Johore: Tana Runto! Selangor: Seppan ! Perak: Gunong Hijan, Larut Hills ! Kedah: Kedah Peak! The leaves in this species vary very much in size and form from linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, and the amount of pink colouring in the sepals and petals, which are usually nearly pure white, also varies considerably. It is, however, I believe, very distinct from the next species, which seems to have been confused with it. It was first collected by Cuming, 1n Singapore. E. (§ Hymenerta) pensa, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxl. (1896) p. 281. Hab. Perak: Common in the Larut Hills at about 4,000 feet or lower. Maxwell’s Hill! Hermitage Hill ! Kedah: Kedah Peak ! This is a much stouter plant than E. floribunda, Lindl., and much more showy. The flowers are usually quite white, but bie | TO CREE TEEN ETT TTT, ————————T~-—S tl tl — APOSTASIACEX OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 291 I have seen a form with dull purplish flowers on the top of the Larut Hills. 2H. floribunda, Lindl., and E. densa, Ridl., have a habit, common to some other orchids, of absolutely synchronous flowering. All plants of the same species blossom exactly on the same day ; and it is curious that, nearly allied as these two species are, they have different days for flowering. Erta (§ Hymenerta) ceriroua, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxi. (1896) p. 282. Hab. Perak: Scortechini (Drawing 140). There isasketch of this species among Scortechini’s drawings, without locality. Ihave never seen it in the peninsula, knowing it only from Borneo. E. (§ Hymenerta) Matnoayt, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 798. Hab. Penang: Government Hill, Maingay. This has not, so far as I know, been met with since Maingay collected it. E. (§ Hymeneria) saccirera, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 797. Hab. Perak: Gunong Batu Putih, Wray. Pahang: Tahan River? IT am doubtful about the Pahang plant, as it is only in fruit. E. (§ Hymenerta) TENUIFLORA, Redl., sp. nova. Rhizoma crassiusculum ; pseudo-bulbi 6-8 poll. longi, { poll. crassi, approximati, teretes, subflexuosi; vagine pauce, tenues. Folia 3, 3-4 poll. longa, ¢ poll. lata, lanceolata acuta, tenuia, striata, carinata, apice inwqualiter biloba. Racemi 3-4, 5 poll. longi, graciles, undique floriferi, infra folia e basibus inter- nodorum orti. Flores tenues, copiosi, flavi, glabri; pedicelli + poll. longi, tenues; bractew 3% poll. longe, ovato-lanceolate, reflex. Sepala +} poll. longa, lanceolata acuta; mentum nullum. Petala sepalis breviora, subsimilia. Labellum petalis brevius, lanceolatum acutum, integrum, flavum a macula mediané purpurea maculatum. Columna brevis; stelidia rotundata, inversa, stigma transversum partim § celantia. Anthera oblonga, margine antico truncato. Hab. Singapore: Sungei Morai! Toas! Johore: Batu Pahat! Perak: Hermitage Hill, C. Curtis. Pahang: Pekan! v2 292 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEZ AND This grows on trees, often low down. It seems to be most nearly allied to EZ. polystachya, A. Rich., but is quite glabrous, and the racemes are produced from below the leaves. The flowers are of a remarkably thin texture, very troublesome to examine after drying. Erta (§ Hymenerta) pissrtirtora, Ridl., sp. nova. Rhizoma crassi. Caules 4 poll. crassi, a vaginis magnis tecti. Folia 2, subterminalia; petiolus ultra poll. longus; lamina 6_ poll. longa, 1 poll. lata, oblanceolata subacuta. Racemi 2, breves, graciles, c. 6-flori, ex axillis vaginarum superiorum orti; rhachis gracilis, pubescens. Flores sessiles, parvi, dissiti; bractewe } poll. longs, ovate. Sepalum posticum ferme } poll. longum, ellipticum aut ovatum, apice obtusum cucullatum, lateralia multo latiora ovata falcata apice obtusa cucullata, omnia parce pubescentia; mentum brevissimum. Petala sepalo postico subsimilia, subsqualia. Labellum 3-lobum; obi laterales majusculi falcati apice obtusi minute papillosi sub- carnosi (callis majusculis oblongis carnosis in utroque latere disci in lateribus loborum sitis), medius longior ovatus. Columna longiuscula; pes gracilis, curvus. Anthera calvarii- formis; caudiculus longus; clinandrium profundum, mar- ginibus tenuibus elevatis. Rostellum tenue, latum, retusum. Hab. Johore: Batu Pahat! (Native collector, v.s.) I have only seen one specimen of this, and that dried. It belonys to the section with a stout stem covered with large sheaths, from the axils of which the racemes arise. The few distant flowers, and the distinctly three-lobed lip, and very short mentum, are peculiar. K. (§ Hymenerta) suaveorens, Ridl., sp. nova. Psewdo-bulbt 4 poll. longi, 1} poll. crassi, oblongi, usque ad 6-nodi. Folia 3-4, inwqualia, coriacea, atroviridia; petiolus 1 poll. longus, canaliculatus; lamina 6 poll. longa 1} poll. lata, lanceolata, obtusa, multinervis. Racemus 7 poll. longus, recurvus, crassus, multiflorus, ex internodo sub folio imo sito ortus; rhachis crassa, virescenti-alba, a lanugine atro parco tecta; bractes 4 poll. longs, oblongse acute, reflexe, persistentes. Flores mediocres; pedicelli } poll. longi, rufi, parce atro-lanuginosi. Sepala ovata, 3 poll. longa, posticum obtusum; mentum oblongum, compressum. Petala sepalo postico subsequalia, ovata, acuta; sepala petala alba rufo-tincta. Labelli unguis see at ore eee: Si tee, * TN Sa, * APOSTASIACEH OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 293 longus, canaliculatus; lobi laterales rotundati, obtusi, erecti, rufescentes ; epichilum breve, late ovatum carnosum, caruncula flava in disco sita. Colwmna breviuscula, rufescens ; rostellum dentiforme, longiusculum; pes longiusculus, canaliculatus. Stigma reniforme. Hab. Johore: Sedili River (H. Almeida, July, 1894 !). This is allied to EH. acervata, Lindl., but has large, stout, sausage-shaped pseudo-bulbs, and larger, broad, coriaceous leaves. The raceme is stout, and recalls that of some Sacco- labiwm rhachis ; the pedicels and backs of sepals are sprinkled over with a little blackish pubescence. The bracts are large, but not as large as those of EF. acervata, Lindl. The flowers are whitish, tinted with dull reddish, and sweet scented. The lip has a narrow claw full of nectar, grooved, and the sides of the grooves end in short processes. The lateral lobes are dull reddish, and on the lamina of the lip, which is very fleshy, is a raised carunculated mass of a lemon-yellow colour. On the raceme I found one flower with one petal much reduced and adnate to the dorsal sepal; and another small flower with no petals nor column, a ridge on the dorsal sepal probably representing the latter. Eria (§ Hymeneria) BRACTESCENS, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1841) Misc., p. 18. Hab. Singapore: Chan Chu Kang! Pulau Tekong! Pulau Selitar ! Johore: Batu Pahat! Pahang: Praman, at Pekan! Lankawi Islands: CO. Curtis ! Kedah: On Pulau Song Song, an island lying off the Kedah Coast, north of Penang! Also Borneo ! And Tenasserim. This species grows in open country, usually low down on trees, and often near the sea. EK. (§ Hymeneria) recurvata, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 797, Ic. Pl., t. 2070. Hab. Perak: Kunstler. K. (§ Hymenerra) catipracteata, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules 12 poll. longi, + poll. crassi, plures congesti, teretes basi paullo Incrassati, primo a vaginis tenuibus papyraceis griseis tecti, 294, MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEH AND mox his decidius olivaceo-virides striolati; radices copiose. Folia 4, subterminalia, usque ad 7 poll. longa, 1? poll. lata, lanceolata acuta, tenuia, plicata, clevatim 4-nervia, atroviridia, carinata, canaliculata. Racemi 2-3, ferme 2 poll. longi, laterales, sessiles, capituliformes ; bractew } poll. longe, ovate, newt vel subobtusee, prasine. [lores usque ad 12, ferme x poll. longi, ferme glabri; pedicelli cum ovariis } poll. longi, canaliculati, torti, pubescentes. Sepalum posticum ‘Janceolatim acutum, lateralia faleata carinata, omnia alba basi rubro- striata; mentum breve, latum, obtusum. Petala sepalis breviora latiora, obtusa, basi angustata, alba. Labellum sepalis brevius, curvum ; lobi laterales falcati obtusi rubri a carinis 2 elevatis curvis rubro-marginatis (et inter has a nervis 2 elevatis) percursi, medius lateralibus longior late ovatus retusus albus; discus basi elevatus, rotundatus, bruneo-rubro- maculatus. Colwmna longiuscula, lata, alba; pes vix longior, ruber. Anthera conico-calvariiformis, in dorso incrassata; loculorum parietes 4 tenues, partim iterum subdivisi. Clinandrium profundum; stelidia erecta; rostellum breve. Stigma longum, oblongum ; crura conspicua. Hab. Sungei Ujong, Dr. Braddon, May, 1894. Rather a pretty plant, the large apple-green bracts setting off the white and madder coloured flowers. The habit is that of HF. floribunda, Lindl., but the affinity appears rather to be with the RB. acervata, Lindl., and FE. recurvata, Hook. f. Eria (§ Hymenerta) pupica, Ridl., sp. nova. Pseudo-bulbt 1} poll. longi, 4 poll. crassi, congesti, cylindrici, plurinodi, a vaginis chartaceis bruneis (summa 1 poll. longa, lanceolata acuta) tecti. Folia 6 poll. longa, 1} poll. lata, oblanceolata subacuta, basi longe attenuata, coriacea. Racemt 2 poll. longi, erecti, e nodis inferioribus orti, in dimidia parte nudi. Flores plures, congesti, iis H. floribunda equales; bractes cum 4 parte ovarii equilonge, ovate. Ovarium cum pedicello vix # poll. longum, albo-romentosum. Sepalum posticum ellipticum obtusum extra pubescens, lateralia multo majora ovata. Petala cum sepalo postico equilonga, elliptica falcatula obtusa, glabra ; sepala petala alba. Labellum oblongum ; lobi laterales breves falcati subacuti in margine violacei, medius major late oblongus truncatus; calli 2, majusculi, oblongi, plani, roseo- -marginati, inter lobos laterales siti; Jlobi medii discus a maculi rosea SS Se OF = _—_ APOSTASIACEE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 295 ornatus. Columna longiuscula, lata. Anthera rotundata, in margine emarginata; rostellum ovatum. Stigma grande, reniforme. Hab. Singapore: Changi ! Johore: Batu Pahat! Kwala Kahang! A small, compact plant, with short racemes of white flowers. Krta (§ Hymeneria) EnpyMion, Ridl., sp. nova. Pseudo-bulbi (juvenes) 3 poll. longi, crassi, congesti, 2-3-nodi, conico- cylindrici ; vagine elongate, lanceolate, acute, summa (longis- sima) 3 poll. longa, 1 poll. lata. Folia 8 poll. longa, 14 poll. lata, lanceolata, subacuta, basi attenuata, coriacea. Racemi 6 poll. longi, erecti, validi, basi (c. triente) nudi. Flores 4 poll. in diam., plures, resupinati; pedicelli crassiusculi, pubescentes ; bractere cum 4 parte pedicelli squilonge, lanceolate. Sepala alba, extra pubescentia, posticum late lanceolatum, subobtusum, lateralia late ovata acuta falcata; mentum breve, latum, obtusum. Petala ovata, glabra, alba. Labellum 3-lobum ; lobi laterales falcati, acuti, bruneo-rosei, in medio canaliculati, in margine interiore elevato laminzformi albi; lobus medius ovatus, obtusus, albescenti-flavus, a disco calloso carnoso ornatus. Columna recta, in ventre flava; clinandrium pro- fundum. Anthera pileata, depressa ; pollinia subsqualia, pyriformia, aurantiaca. Stigma transversim ellipticum. Hab. Singapore: Selitar ! This has been cultivated for several years in the Botanic Gardens, but its habitat was not known. A plant, however, was brought in from the Selitar jungle recently; I am told also it is a native of Borneo. It is a very pretty species, with stout racemes of pure white flowers, relieved by the madder- red lobes of the lip. The inner sides of the lateral lobes are produced into flat laminas, which nearly meet in the middle line, leaving only a channei between them. E. (§ Aiirtpostacuya) aéripostacnya, Reichb. f., ea Lindl. vn Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) iii. (1859) p. 48. Hab. Johore: Tanah Runto ! Malacea : loc. incert. ! Perak: Larut Hills (King’s Collector). I presume that I am correct in this, as I have a copy of an excellent drawing by Scortechini which exactly represents the Johore and Malacca plant, and is labelled “ HL. acridostachya,” 296 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEXZ AND but I am quite unable to reconcile it with the description in the ‘Flora of British India.’ In the description of the section the pseudo-bulb is said to be one-leaved instead of two or more, and the scape rises from the base of the pseudo-bulbs instead of from the axil of one of the uppermost sheaths. In the specific description the lip is described as ‘“ Coriaceous . . side lobes very small.’ In my specimens it is rather thin in texture, and I can see no trace of any side lobes. The apex is rather fleshier than the base, and I imagine that this fleshier portion represents the epichil. The capsule is } inch long, elliptic, splitting into its com- ponent coste when ripe, so that they are quite separate except at the ends, where they are held together by the withered perianth. Eria (§ AéRiposracuya) DASYSTACHYS, Redl., sp. nova. Rhizoma crassum, lignosum. Pseudo-bulbi 3 poll. longi, crassi, validi, conico-cylindrici, a vaginis chartaceis tecti. Folia usque ad 4, 8 poll. longa, 1 poll. lata, oblanceolata, in petiolos attenuata, haud coriacea. Racemi 2, in axillis foliorum inferiorum orti, 4-5 poll. longi, erecti, basi longe nudi ferrugineo-tomentosi ; bractee c. 7, dissitee, ovate ; pars florifera 2 poll. longa. Flores dense congesti, resupinati, ferrugineo-tomentosi ; bractew } poll. longw, cum ovariis equilonge vel paullo longiores, ovato- lanceolate subacute. Sepala ovata, acuta; mentum crassum, obtusum, ferrugineo-tomentosum. Petala sepalis breviora, linearia acuminata, subobtusa, glabra. Labellum tenue ; unguis linearis, in marginibus incrassatus: lobi laterales breves, rotundati, crispi, medius ovatus obtusus crispus. Columna crassiuscula. Anthera tenuis, complanata, apice retusa, in margine emarginata; rostellum majusculum. Hab. Pahang: Kwala Pahang, on a low tree! This species in its dense spike of rusty pubescent flowers resembles H. aéridostachya, Reichb. f., but the pseudo-bulb is not covered with the persistent sheaths but with their decayed papery ones. There are four leaves, and the inflorescences spring from the axils of the two lower ones and not from the axils of sheaths. K. (§ A®riposracuya) toriroia, Ridl., sp. nova. Rhizoma ferme 1 poll. crassum, lignosum. Caules 1 poll. longi, crassi, a vaginis magnis (summa fere 5 poll. longé) chartaceis tecti. DY titi i i memati, & b ay err APOSTASIACEH OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 297 Folia 15 poll. longa, 1-1} poll. lata, lorata, acuta, coriacea. Racemi cum foliis xquilongi vel longiores, basi longe nudi, glabri; pars florifera 6 poll. longa; rhachis stellatim pubescens. Flores parvi, plurimi, dissiti. Bractew minnte, ovate ; pedicelli cum ovariis 4 poll. longi, pubescentes. Sepala extra parce rufo-pubescentia, posticam breve ovatum lateralia brevia late ovata; rmentum longum, pendulum, clavatum. Petala sepalo postico latiora, late ovata, tenuiora, glabra. Labellum sepalis brevius, oblongum, basi angustum; lobi laterales brevissimi medius multo major oblongus obtusissimus in margine undu- latus. Coluwmna_ brevissima; pes longus, canaliculatus, in Margine incrassatus; clinandrium vix profundum; rostellum tenue. Stigma cordatum, in margine elevatum. Hab. Kedah: Kedah Peak, on trees at 4,000 feet: alt. ! A very stout plant, with long thick leaves. The rhizome is remarkably thick and woody. The flowers are nearly + inch long, brown. Itis distinguished from LZ. aéridostachya, Reichb. f., by its more linear leaves, tall glabrous peduncle, laxer flowers, and distinctly trilobed lip. Eria (§ Aiigtpostacuya) BRUNEA, Jtidl., sp. nova. Folia 9 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata, anguste lanceolata acuta, basi longe attenuata, coriacea. Racemi ex axillis superioribus orti ; pedunculus 5-6 poll. longus, a tomento ferrugineo tectus ; pars superior 3-6 poll. longa, nutans, a floribus copiosis dense congestis ornata. Bractee minime, ovate acute, ferrugineo- tomentos». Flores parvi, brunei; ovaria cum pedicellis 5%; poll. longa, ferrugineo-tomentosa. Sepala extra a tomento rufo stellato parce tecta, posticum parvum ellipticum obtusum lateralia multo latiora ovata obliqua; mentum longum, pen- dulum. Petala linearia, obtusa, curva. Labellum tenue; unguis longus, angustus ; lamina ovata, spathulata, in margine undu- lata. Columna brevis, lata; pes longus; clinandrium pro- fundum, marginibus tenuibus; rostellum tenuius, integrum. Stigma grande, ovatum. Hab. Perak: Hermitage Hill, C. Curtis! Near HL. aéridostachya, Reichb. f., but with smaller flowers and thin spathulate lip. The raceme is very compact; the flowers open wide, and are of a light-brownish colour. The narrow petals are peculiar for the section. E. (§ Bampustrori#) minutiriora, Ridl., ie., Agrostophyllium 298 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEX® AND pauciflorum, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 824, et Ic. Pl., t. 2097. Caules 2 ped. longi, pauci, elongati, graciles. Folia 2 poll. longa, } poll. lata, plura, linearia, obtusa, insequaliter biloba; vagine 4 poll. long, profunde tisse. acemi laterales, breves, e vaginis vix exserti, pauciflori, prope ad folii laminam approximati; bractewe cum 4 parte pedicelli squilonge, ovate, acuminate. Flores minuti, albi. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, carinata, lateralia basi connata mentum breve formantia. Petala sepalis breviora, linearia, obtusa. Labelli unguis columne pedi adnatus: lamina sepalis longior, porrecta, spathulata, basi angusta, canaliculata, in marginibus elevata, apice ovata acuta ; linea incrassata carnosa in disco sita. Columna brevis, crassa ; stelidia longa, acuta, suberecta. Anthera ovata, apice incrassata, antice rostrata; pollinia 4, subeequalia, ovoidea. Hab. Johore: Batu Pahat ! Pahang: Tahan River Woods ! Perak : Scortechini. A weak plant, with the habit of some of the Appendiculas, growing on trees. The racemes are very short, and protruded from the leaf-sheaths close to the leaf-blade. There are four or five flowers rather distant on each raceme. The sepals are keeled, and the laterals are connate along the edge at the base beneath the lip. The column-foot is adnate by its edges to the claw of the lip. The stelidia are rather broad; they have a thin edge ending in an obscure tooth, and a fleshier outer portion ending in a longer point. It is difficult to refer this plant to any genus. In habit, pollinia, short column, it is very distinct from Agrostophyllum, to which Sir J oseph Hooker has referred it. Glomera, with four pollen-masses instead of eight, has so much the habit and form of lip and column of Agrostophyllum that I think its affinities can hardly lie there. On the other hand, in many respects it resembles Eria, and { think should be classed there. I have re-described it because the materials for the original description being insufficient, the account and figure differed somewhat from the specimens I have collected. Fig. 2 of the {cones from Scortechini’s drawings by no means gives a correct idea of the column and lip; the claw of the latter is very much narrower, and the base, which is parallel to the column-foot, 18 also adnate to it, and the blade stands at an angle with it. (nee eee SR rw beat ges APOSTASIACEX OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 299 The conical portion at the end was intended evidently to represent the upturned side of the broad ovate portion. I see nothing like the process on the side of the column below the stelidia. There being already an Eria pauciflora, I have been unable to use this specific name in transferring the species to the genus Hria. Bria (§ Bampusiroti#) priirera, Ridl., sp. nova. Caules 1} ped. longi, debiles, subteretes. Folia 24 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata, lanceolata acuminata, tenuia, pallide viridia, apice inwqualiter biloba, lobo altero } longiore acuto; vagine ferme ] poll. long, ore integre. Lacemi brevissimi, pauciflori. Flores parvi, tenues, singulatim expansi. Bracter } poll. long, lanceolate, patentes, persistentes, pubescentes, pallide flavee. Ovariwm cum pedicello 3 poll. longum, tortum, parce pubescens, flavum. Sepala 3 poll. longa, oblongo-lanccolata, obtusa, tenuia, alba, lateralia falcata, magis acuta; mentum cum 4 parte sepalisubequilongum, obtusum. Petala cum sepalis zequilonga, lanceolata, subobtusa. Labellum petalis brevius, angustum, cuneatum; lobi laterales apice rotundati, medius lateralibus vix longior crassus subtrilobus a pilis brevibus flavis tectus. Coluwmna curva, basi angustata, superne incras- sata, alba. Anthera brevis, rotundata, albescenti-ochracea, bilocularis; pollinia 8, admodum inequalia. Stigma pro- fandum, transverse ovatum; rostellum lingueforme, obtusum, decurvum ; stelidia dentiformia, incurva. Capsula (immatura) 2 poll. longa, teres. Hab. Perak: Maxwell’s Hill! On trees in thick jungle. A slender, leafy-stemmed plant, with thin textured white flowers, which are produced singly in racemes bearing four yellow empty bracts beneath the flower. The lip has the apex covered with mealy yellow hairs like those of Dendrobium eriniferum, Lindl. The column has two small tooth-like processes which curve in over the large stigma. The pollinia are remarkably unequal, the upper four being four times as large as the others. The capsule splits for its whole length along one side only. It belongs apparently to the section Bambusifoliv. The next four species form a good sub-section of Nutantes, distinguished by a tall somewhat terete (i.e., not pseudo- 300 MR. HENRY RIDLEY ON ORCHIDEX AND bulbous stem), bearing a few leaves at the top, and short racemes below these, with one or more fairly large glabrous flowers with large usually ochreous bracts. Eria (§ Nourtantes) teprocarea, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 805. Hab. Perak: Scortechini ! T have only seen this from Borneo. E. (§ Nutantes) nutans, Lindl., Bot. Reg. (1840) Misc., p. 83. Hab. Singapore: common; Selitar! Toa! Kranji! Johore: Tana Runto! Limpai, Khi Batu Pahat! Lake and Kelsall, Gunong Panti (2,000 ped. alt.). Malacca: Mt. Ophir! Penang: Government Hill! Perak: Scortechini. Kedah: Kedah Peak ! This is a common mangrove swamp species; but I have also met with it in the higher parts of several hills of the interior. The flowers are usually pure white, except for a little pink on the mentum and lip, and some yellow also on the latter. At the base of the foot of the column is a large square cushion (pulvinus) of an orange-red colour. I have also, however, seen a form in damp hill woods, in which the sepals and petals are coloured a dirty pink. KE. (§ Nuranres) neauecra, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.). xxxi. (1896) p. 283. Hab. Singapore : Kranji! Selitar! Sungei Buluh ! Johore: Tana Runto! Also Borneo. It is sometimes difficult to tell dried specimens of this from i. nutans, Lindl., but it is very distinct when alive. It forms often quite a mat of rhizomes on the branches of the trees in the mangrove swamps. The flowers are of a dull flesh colour, with the yellow on the lip as in H. nutans, Lindl. The figure in Scortechini’s drawings alluded to by Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 800, is evidently intended for this Species. E. (§ Nuranres) Lonce-repens, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxi. (1896) p. 282. Hab. Singapore: Sungei Morai. en ee Pr em, ——_ APOSTASIACEA OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. Sul This very curious plant creeps on the ground and ascends small trees in thick dry woods, much after the manner of Claderia. I have only met it in this one spot in the Malay Peninsula, but it is abundant there, and occurs also in Borneo. Eria (§ Denprontrion) ALBIpo-TomENTOSA, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p.66. Rhizoma longe repens. Pseudo-bulbi 2 poll. longi, ovoidei, compressi, remoti. Folia 3, 5 poll. longa, 14 poll. lata, lanceolata, basi attenuata. Scapus 6 poll. longus, lateralis, lanuginosus, c. 10 florus, basi a vaginis pluribus lanceolatis obtusis tectus. Flores mediocres, explanati. Bracter Janceo- latee acuminate, brunew, lanuginose. Sepala reflexa, extra albo-lanuginosa, intus glabra, viridia, posticum lanceolatum acutum, lateralia late triangularia lanceolata acuta, basi rubro-maculata. Petala cum } parte sepali sequilonga, lineari- lanceolata, acuta, basi angustata, recurva, viridia. Labelluin panduratum ; lobi laterales breves oblongi obtusi, medius late oblongus obtusissimus, viridis dense purpureo-maculatus et punctatus, apice acutus flavus; callus elevatus; macula brevis glabra atropurpurea inter brachia sita. Colwmna longa, gracilis, alba; macula rosea in pede sita; stelidia brevia, obtusa, rotun- data.