Ginkgo

AUTUMN 1950

VINUOAIIVO = IVYNHNOL ATHALYUVOO - = viavouv

WOLAMOUMY sEx222. SHTAINY SOT

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

Dr. F. W. WENT President Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR Vice-President Mrs. FRANKLIN BOOTH Vice-President Howarp A. MILLER Treasurer Manchester Boddy Robert Casamajor .

Ralph D. Cornell Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin J. F. Douglas Mrs. Thomas Fleming William Hertrich John C. Macfarland Samuel B. Mosher Mrs. William D. Shearer W. A. Smith

(Founded Through the Efforts of the Southern California Horticultural Institute)

LOS ANGELES S!ATE«4 ARBORETUM

STAFF Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director GEORGE H. SPALDING Superintend ‘ W. QUINN Buck J. THomMsAS MCGAH 3. eee i: Plant Recorder Dewey E. NELSON Cusiodiak

THELMA G. BLANCHARD

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LASCA LEAVES

Quarterly Journal of the LOS ANGELES (oan ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION

VOL, 4 OCTOBER, 1950 No. 1

THE ‘LOS ANGELES STATE AND: COUNT? ARBORETUM

R. J. SEIBERT

“Arboretum” is not a new word, nor just a fancy name for a park. It is a living collec tion of named and labeled trees, cosine and other plants which can be grown within the area it serves. Essentially an Arbore is an educational and scientific research institu- tion with specialized personnel Penny ve the importation, trial, improvement and display of new and useful plants,

aily we are confronted with the reali- of the world in his own community or eaten that distance is no ip de of signifi- backyard at home. This has proved that cance. e, as Americans, are far from plants exotic toa specific area, if properly being an isolated and eniieély self-suffi- chosen from regions with similar climate cient population. We find ourselves munch- and other natural conditions, may greatly ing a nut from Brazil from a can containing enhance and economically enrich that area. Bolivian tin. Our coffee comes from Costa Frequently it is found that if conditions Rica or Colombia. Our car tires contain are favorable, a plant may be significantly a proportion of natural rubber from better cultivated far from its native haunts

expostulated when he arrived in Australia: ing numbers of foreign plants, many prov- “O se e€ you grow ‘our’ Eucalyptus _ ing to be perfectly at home under our cli- here too! matic and soil conditions. Today, our ur- We are surrounded with countless neces- ban, suburban and agricultural areas actu- sary articles of every day life which came ally are dominated by plants brought here to us from distant lands and about which from other parts of the world.

— st nothing. We lead the That exotic plants mean so much to the

w-how of utilization but know present landscape of Southern California

relatively little about the origin of many js not fully realized—nor is it full lized e raw product sources of our produc- th is no institution here devot

tive utilization. Plants and plant products to the stu of thes tic cultivated

pe ental to the life and existence plants as a whole. Certain individuals and

every human hee every bird and organizations have considered the prob- bilit? animal. It is an essential responsi- Jem, but there is no focalized center for stan for each community to know its the vast field of introduction, thorough Plants, to enoy and appreciate them and testing, and improvement of new plants

whl “8 conscious of possible new plants from many parts of the world which are Mab ich can esthetically or economically or can be made specifically adaptable for prove the community. this region—plants whi 1

€ occasional traveler of the past and add to the further beautification of our the specialized traveler of this century has gardens, parks and streets—plants which tried admirable plants from other parts require less watering-and care than many

2 Eas GA eR ALN BS

now in customary use—plants which could be of dir eo pigacwige 7 bearing on the fu- ornia.

managing the Angeles State d County Arboretum under an agreement e Los Angeles County Board of

ounty for fifty e the se, already is af mee to

e and County Arbo ST i become 1. "The horticultural center for Southern

hance the — of Southern California’s gardens, parks a

2. A center ne the iitriductean: testing and impro ea — plants adaptable to Southern Califor

3. A gardening igetionl for training gard- eners, garden ndents, propaga- ors a

of the curriculum i icon to petotie. r of research and angie

study, working in eollaboration with e

cational institutions and

eadily iden tified, and prac- tical advice given on planting, propaga- tion and cultiv:

5. A ee an a Herbatiunt.

6. A publication center for bulletins,

GINKGO

As the first in a series of cover motives for “Lasca

Anita from China, many y ago, Ginkgo oba L. The biyraeairenewil tree is kno to some b e synonymous name, Salis-

ry. “ai adinntifolia Smith, no longer in valid usage.

his conifer is a representative or “relic”

of an ancient flora, now existing only as a cultivated tree, a so-called ‘ SNe fossil.” origin is attributed to China Japan since 1 m. those mueiies that it was ceoavered and introduced into Europe. Fossil remains, however, mie

books and pamphlets of Rok daa bo- | tanical and historical bate 7. eserve of ea foie oe ing and authentic higtscieal garden . A bird sanctuary. All Arboretum activities aS devoted to the needs of Southern California. As a sci- © entific institution aad pu ie A boretail ‘

= is) Xe n ct

etum quarterly publication. — a the second stage of |

Si ic monies were allotted for

tions towards specific u e Historical Chinisias has been ex- secnels active durin

It is antici pated that restoration work will begi early in i

Our Master Plan provides not only for valuable eee beautiful A

sequent articles in ‘‘Lasca Leaves will enlighten the reader on the subjec of his special interest.

that in past geological times it was fo not only in Asia, but in western Euro northern C alifornia, Green er other parts - the world as

S proven its livin existen in the natural state.

90 were pec panrsag 2 by “Lucky” Baldwin arou

white lie in sey pei the hous

Ee

AUTUMN °

pei, 3

ig: Coach Barn. Mr. Baldwin visited China

r finest and largest specimen is.a male tree of the pendula form

The Ginkgo was first introduced into the United States near Philadelphia about six-

) sco nursery catalogs during the latter 1850 _ and that John Sutter of gold f e tree growing on his place Information

sery by the 1 Ginkgo a the only extant species of the gen us, has several recognized forms,

California, preferring the fastigiata form For private gardens, however, the pendula

form should take preference because of its attractive weeping habit. Due to the foul odor of the mature fruits,

female trees are not ideal. Tre ropa- gated fr ed are not distingulatahie emale until e

method of airer ree Recent improve- j niques of rooting cuttings show this method as a promising means of propagation.

inkgo is one of the few deciduous trees inttoduined into Southern California eautiful golden afless period from

automobile fumes of city conditions. Yes it even withstands smog! It is a clean attractive tree with no serious diseases or

Those not familiar with it would enjoy Patriarchal Ginkgo in aaa H. Wilson’s “Aristocrats of the Tre

THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS OF RANCHO SANTA ANITA

SUSANNA BRYANT DAKIN

Hugo Reid, the “Scotch Paisano,” told a oats he built in 1839. Writing Governor Alvarado a year later, to secure clear title to oh Santa

Own eyes today, ‘and of visitors to Santa Anita during Reid’s day, indicates that this description was designed to impress the

firming a long-promised land grant. The

home which Don Hugo shared with his In-

dian wife and children was built of adobe

mud like every other residence in Cali-

fornia of the ’30s. It was unique not in con-

pp ce but in planting and natural ng.

Reid’s own inventory (of June 1, 1844) aids us in visualizing the one- -stor ry, L- Shaped adobe surrounded by extensive

Minted deni and a variety of orchard trees,

lists 40,000 se phi 7

aln ons—in a 30 trees ete a tuna (cactus fruit) pat

Historian William Heath Davis, visiting

the very year that inventory was taken, says of his host and hostess: “Both Reid n are epicures, and they had

place on

in the preparation of our — living . Hugo Reid was the grantee ... at the Santa

4 POX SCA

LEAVES

Anita rancho of about eight thousand e most picturesque

forest in comparison with other aa day, Rancho Santa Anita has shrunk

i uce by William Wolfskill, only a decade after Reid’s death

Descending down the chain of owners (prepared a us by the Title Insurance

ompa e find among them the first circus etal in California who wintered some is animals here; and the fab- ulous “Lucky” Baldwin who imported

WASHINGTONIA FILIFERA

WILLIAM HERTRICH

The only erie cigron Sapam to California is found in a comparatively small area primarily in canyons on the desert side of San Jacinto. The trees are numerous in anyon, many growing amongst the boulders along the water-course, others adorning the Dong: pring slopes in a mos bizarre fashio

The tree Washingtonia filifera forms a heavy trun

ing at their jagged tips and leaf margins bran lis threa e fibers

Riverside County is the focal habitat of although isolated stan as far south as San Diego County, frig the northern limit

ea hh to the vicinity of Corn rings, San Bernunainc ounty ular species has exten-

s in countries bordering the Mediterranean. In

giant shells from the Great Barrier Reef,

rh ° c #5 n pe ‘i wn ° 5 au

t the water’s edge perches his pleas- ure palace (called ““QueenAnne’s Cottage”) y ee in the best state By in’s carriage hou

of the ’70s, they

preservation, is Ww Built in the florid style

sonteact strangely with the simple adobe —

where Reid lived and Baldwin chose to die.

d termites have nibbled at all —

three structures, and a recent rot survey reveals extensive damage. struction program is being planned which uildings

where Indian servants i i Master Plan of includes historical —

cate hipaa le pre botan

in the following item 4 “Three of the stately palm trees — which graced F

sai aoe two will follow in a day or

quoted: “W. H. W in 1854 says they were conspicuous tre then, and he told me in 1905 he thought they were then about seventy years old.”

our

e 1e Los Angeles Expresig

a ee of fact, only one of the fo ir

ut a recon=3

spurte ia — Transplanted from Palm Canyon to San Marino between 1840-45 by a see a Named Stockton. Photo taken Sout 1860. eouneay Huntington Library

6 Tes CoA

LE ACV ES

e two oldest specimens alive in San

landscape of this area as “the twin palms.” t that time the Aptana 10 to 12 feet tall, respectively; one has con- sistently been taller and ne shorter through their histo in this eccns. According to Mr. Cooper, the photograph of them asain here —a retak original—sho

SAdieimat inform adobe house prior to the Cooper’ tion o

While prospecting for gold in the San Jacinto Mountain areas, Stockton had occa- sion to go into the gf cat for fresh water and for camping. admired the stately palms growing there and was inspired to

Ss occupa-

transplant a pair to a location near his is homeward trips he

In 1903 Mr. Huntington acquired the San Marino Ranch which included the land where the twin palms stood and also that e adobe house still stood. But

ley to

private property near Cambidge Road, — Floyd ©

under ae care of Dr. and Mrs.

P.. St. Clai

ARBORETUM BIRDS

W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM

The area of the Arboretum is by nature and cultivation favorable to bird life. The

ants or winter vis- itors, 8 summer residents and 39 occasional visitors.

It is the only nesting pie in a radius n heron, the heron, ae red-bellied

hawk, the russet-backed thrush and the

tule yellowthroat. The pond, with

atten of the two recent visitors, the Florida —

gallinules pair “of pied-billed grebes, which build —

a floating nest among the cattails or tules,

roods eve

waxwings feed on the fruit of the Mexican —

fan palm

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

FIRST OF A SERIES One of the major phases of the program at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is the propagation, Ride pr and testing of plants from all parts of the world with a climate similar to sae) own.

In surveying the climatic areas of this

parts of China and India. It is our plan 4

d. At @

AUTUMN °

NAL 7

to grow here on our grounds as many of the worth while plants from these areas as we sae obtain and our planting space will perm

We pass started our project with Aus- tralian material. Southern California

Gera on ax

a very small fraction of what we can and should be growing

this day of water shortages and ites problems, we must look to low rainfall areas for plants to enhance gardens, roadsides, and parks. If we can decrease at the same time, the water and work necessary to maintain our gardens, certainly it will be a real service to the

Many West Australian native plants thrive under much e conditions as our California natives. What could be more logical ae ale . at we grow and tes more of these plants?

Let’s take a ty 2 the dee 3 require-

occasionally as may be SoneAial Th

soi properly worked. Leafmold has been used in all soil mixtures at the Arboretum and has proved very spine How can acquir these interesting and useful plants? The | only feasible way,

species of Australian plants, we have earned much of interest about them There appears to be a general belief among

o that na cari be ae course of our experiments we have discovered that ayers of Georgia half, gives

ifferent methods of germination

tion of these seeds were planted ecto

through in about a week, while the portion

soaked only an hour took a week longer.

any soil mixtures ahi been gris still

are being tried o a course of our experi- he haat results have

x would prob- ably give as good results. It should be clearly understood that this

shall report from experience on other soil mixtures

A report, based on Arboretum records, species of Austral rarely grown

n here, will be distributed later by the Arboretum.

8 IRS Cok, ee AVES

SEED AND PLANT DISTRIBUTION

The Annual membership meeting on the ie ee pblogey ee held June 13, 1950, was climaxed by the first distribution of seeds and plants members ded:

4 claeesieeteibe betacea Desm

Ha uepheis un eaffrum Heimia myrtifoli

eeds inclu lene Srnonionat

Ne bag revispinosum : oh

In page each shine er was given a choice of three potted ee Laity rys

calyptus erythrocor Pucaiypiie erythronema Eucalyptus megacornuta

mon spec Calothamnus ioe le Chaenostoma grandiflora

GIFTS RECEIVED

OcTOBER 1, 1949, TO JUNE 30, 1950 srg erie ot Money Donations) 4 Booklet

American — Society

Anonymou

Ayres, Jr. De Samuel

Ceres of California

Chuck’s ry

Cymbidium Society. of Pasadena . akin, Mr. Richard Y.

Dakin, Mrs. Richard Y.

Darland, Charles Fleming, Mrs

Thom Forbes, mie Ian, & Ferguson, Marvin H.

Gale, Hoak, Charlotte M.

Horton, Jerome . Howard & Smith Nur. rood ‘Sowers Paul ne

hey, Harlan P. McCaffree, J. E. .

Menninger, Mr. Elmore O’Donnell, Dr. John Philips, Amy Bg

dy,

raat Oe Rancho Bars Anita, Inc.

Roberts, Mr. A. W. amms, Charles . . Saunders, Mrs. Mira

Seibert, Dr. Russell J.

Southern ng ar Camellia Society wes useu

Van Rensselaer, Dr. Maunsell .

oodard, Mr. E. H.

ook eres an Men - acim

3 “sapri of steer manure

17 Boo

1 Fock “Lucky Baldwin” by k

Cc Original painting of the Lagoon by Allan Gamble, Professor of Architecture, Uni-

versity of 5 Plants - Hakea spp. 5 Book

Bo

phlet Manuscript “Trees and Shrubs of New sere land” by the late Katherine D. Jone 1 Boo

2 Tatee sacks of ae Pos 30 Plants of Fatsia japonic 2 Books

Set of “American Fores j 11 35 mm. Kodachrome Sides of Arboretum | 12°35 el: Kodachrome slides of Pasadena ~ Gardens 35 mm. Viewer SVE-AAA Projector 35 mm. : 40x40-inch Radiant Screen

2 Books 1 Plant - Idria columneris Copy of Monograph on Calochortus I 1 pee oklet “Romance of Rancho Santa | nita” t

35 Books on Roses 3 64 Plants of Prunus lyo - s “The Story oe Carmelita—Its As- © Seciatiocin and Its Trees” and “Trees and Shrubs California Gardens” by

no w ° Te)

Q n= el ie] n = 72, > | -B "a Nn 18) Qu

Original drawings used “tor illustrating | “The Story of Carm * | heaaattibed and boo Pamp

Pup hlets

Bock ana pamphlets Books

Pamphlets

Book

Cane NRNOWNNL, WwW

Plant urns

MEMBERSHIP

Annual Associate Membership. «02.0031, -:sei.-e2s2--s.ve 3.5.00 Annual Membershif 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership............................ 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership........................-....--- 100.00 Afnual Sponsor Membership.........0000.02 250.00 Life Membership 500.00 Founders 1000.00 or more Benefactors 5000.00 or more

CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME Tax Law:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444.

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the Los Angeles County Board of ‘Supervisors. Title to the 120 acres of property is in the State of California, which - has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master plan of the foundation prepared by Harry Sims Bent. Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the public during construction.

Operatep By CALIFORNIA Arboretum FounpatTion, Inc.

VINUYOATTVO

California Pepper Tree

TYNUDNO! AXTHALUVNO -° vidvouv

WALLA YOOU MY Atte. SHTADNV SOT

WINTER 1957

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

Dr. F. W. WENT

President

Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR

Mrs, FRANKLIN BoOoTH

Vice-President

Vice-President

Howarp A. MILLER

Treasurer

Manchester Boddy Robert Casamajor Ralph D. Cornell

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin

J. F. Douglas

Mrs. Thomas Fleming William Hertrich John C. Macfarland Samuel B. Mosher

Mrs. William D. Shearer

John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio

(Founded Through the Efforts of the Southern California Horticultural Institute)

LOS ANGELES S!AT«2 ARBORETUM

Dr. R. J. SEIBERT

GEORGE H. SPALDING

W. Quik BUCK 2! e J. THoMAS McGAH............. Dewey E. NELSON.

aoe, Director Superintendent ...Pr0 pagator Plant Recorder .. Custodian

sot vinos ECTCLATY

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LASCA LEAVES

Quarterly Journal of the

LOS ANGELES

STATE and COUNTY

ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION

R. J. SEIBERT, EDITOR

VOEss

JANUARY, 1951

FORECAST FOR THE FUTURE

MILDRED E. MATHIAS DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, U.C.L.A.

The future of horticulture in Southern California is a promising one, based on a heritage rich in horticultural traditions. The rows of

ponkgat : wholesale flower et alone is a business approximating $20,000,000 annually.

_ The climate of Southern California va- ries widely from coast to interior, sea level to high mountains. Because of this cli- is the opportunity

: may be equally or more desirable. The situation is static.

It is Sarden to present a growing collection of wide variety of plant materials obtained where the aE on} the amateur alike can see pha nly the old favorites but also new exotic plants. Without access to such

a collection the public has no way of be- i iliar with new plant materials.

rino and the vra Estate in West Los Angeles. But these special collections cannot fill the need of a public botanic garden.

The Angeles State and County Arboretum will fulfill this need. We have in this Arboretum the potentialities of a

—a display center for sub- tropical plants growing out-of-doors. Be- yond that function we foresee the Arbore- tum as a horticultural center for Soutkern California with test gardens, display halls for flower shows, auditoriums for meet- ings, a working library, and a

ords of what h for the identification of plant materials. of cultivated subtropical lants for Southern California is being prepared. is is a long time project re- quiring cooperation and financial support. Our vision for the future also includes an illustrated flora of the cultivated plants of the region. This flora will not be purely

No. aA

10 LAS GAC

BANV.ES

aaa but Sedat F bicao all available inform ing propa “ip ation cine

every

ane and to continue the develo nt of a permanent the herbarium of all the species and variants concerned

Our plan for the future is not a grandiose fe)

mature sur- vey of the community needs by

Tze

THE CALIFORNIA . PEPPER TREE

H. M BUTTERFIELD

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA California pepper tree, Schinus

South i tropics is ith _ No doubt

patio ee = oe

“In re several black pepper trees, fl of ene one of which is over 15

indebted t o Mr. a Gibbs Adams ietaeacenn ete California When San Luis Re king his ship at San Die ego, rode mule-back Sifakis They d sie school chums as small boy ne, the Captain related that, pausing in Peru on

try othe Teun trees with gee = a fountain, leaves like ferns, and pendant branches

dripping with rose-colored berr The Padre be

Arizona

, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, BERKELEY

s being built in 1787, the Captain of a sailing vessel from Spain,

aie n bring some seed on the next season’s trip, said to have been accornplished the sehowins year. The pepp became pee Paap and grandparents of all the pepper trees that so beautify California

ages ee individuals. We shall build n our present structure—the garden club groups, the ‘professional societies, the de- en and horticulture. Seek,

e-

siasts. The millenium can be reached only with continued support t when we do reach it we can truly seaih ourselves the

garden center of Amer

inches in diameter and has several a vd pepper; ince haba BaP on ortt. fici nds made b ecting brick walls of fa Be form, about 3 feet

Today w are edit this account and point out that the oe had nothing with (The nam

shape to tet ob

and female trees present fo ture. In 1935, the

fanciful. If a tree growing fore ey 1858

for this legendary account of the pepper tree’s ©

to the bay page Pa visit his friend, the Padre n Spa Over an evening glass of tie way. a had Ph Fe into ie coun-

which is pers sprouted and flourished and and

|

4 1 ‘ i

had a trunk diameter of 15 inches, it was

WINTER -®

EOS) 11

probably not a very old tree since these peppers grow egal in a good climate with adequate water s

Seeds of the pepper tree were found i

bricks or when. We can say this was some time after the one aad of the Mission and perhaps not later than 1830. It was not long before the pepper tree

g s Angeles, the pepper tree had ated and was widely available, being distributed by men like Matthew Keller

Matthew (Don Mateo) Keller had his vineyard northwest of the Wolfskill place

mercial Streets nO the 1850’s. In 1858 Jon Mateo ha young pepper seed- young fruit trees. The peppers were soon

Chino Rancho where

orth as Sa during the early part of the 1850 le. Early settlers of Tustin will remember

the Stevens oa ae old pepper tree in front of the property with a d. b. seg 2 eas- urement of 6 % feat s about the um reported to date. However, eeg are still many fine plantings along streets and high- ways in Southern California, su north Central “Avenue i

ne sp mes. Most o

ewe hom re planted during the 1870’s cnt 1880's. For- merly much more abundant than at pres- ent, many of the old trees have been de-

stroyed porns of harboring black scale

or other : Pepper tie tolerate much drought, ee

resist frost down to about 10°F. when e—less severe temperate when Sing

s, we know their shortcomings but like them anyway.

rag cover illustration of the pegged penpes ps

tree, Schinus molle, was drawn by the sty Met ister. Charles’ roasting (1864- ier The original is among those of the Charl and

Los Angeles State and County Arboretum

ZF

PLANNING PHILOSOPHY AND THE ARBORETUM

HARRY SIMS BENT

An Arboretum through its special func- tions is set

ter not found or sree in ordinary

Under the democratic tradition the park idea has grown to be a significant expres- ion of the proposition “for the People”. Parks are the physical media through which society can mark many of its high

aspirations for the common good. For one eason or another, many parks fail to ac- complish that end.

bhe4 face of a city or of a region may sha up, for better or worse, largely

mace ape. is required if a good p s to be created. he star oh point is valid linked sensibly with the locale in question. Political patterns often contrive to invali- ose and many communities end up with a collection of ineffectual

12 LAS CA LC RAV E'S 13

SEL rAEREE

( ARBORE LUM E

wensertseeie

iN

tytn | ESPLANADE PUBLIC ENTRANCE IS PROVIDED FROM ca |@) : TTT MAIN HIGHWAYS- COLORADO ON THE : pais 9 im |e| Saesee ii |<) Eraa te ae | © SOs502 . | Q@ Bt Fe p Za 590 5mm ; i m| Soc |. y) |S ae 2° gh E . Ss) pal in| SHES | < © M)) saasSx NORTH ACRES Ss naetPa |al ea ZA S| Ore S |e] ai mm) 2o0Sea [3]: ad Sz>0Rr5 o Z | cosas: | | q — Se : cs ’ ra, 2d nHn=G ee eS Oia) BSSv0= ozrue |x| @| FSS0HS aua- IG ag) 2-258 Z05Qu Nd LCo~sS& .O 2a “= Se SSOq ee see [20] ii ti: Li at T |<) wWeSSee | z1 Oa sWEA&— | THE ARBORETUM LIES IN THE HEART OF OLD RANGE Ei dg tn SOawihe | SANTA ANITA-RENOWNED IN THE ANN DOD, aml P|) ae Sas | CALIFORNIA AND CONTAINING Fatt com BS | SOLES TORED AND PRESERVED —THE GROUND aon He || DNQnes | BE LANDSCAPED WITH LIVING PLANT DISPLAYS U sows? =| <s|| &YZ—q95 | ADAPTABLE SPECIES INTRODUCED FROM MANY owas iil Na) OF THE WORLD-THE ARBORETUM PROGR eer we wit>Oz0 | A COMPLETE ESTABLISHMENT DEDICATE C8ora = mal in| GeLES | ADVANCEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL SCIE Q5°F , I@ Se CAISQED | AND EDUCATION -AUTHORITY FOR THE C tTwWe5 ae DOSe | OPERATION OF THE ARBORETUM IS VESTED IN ww SE q Go lg —l-GSo | TRUSTEES OF THE CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDAT FRIn= lig isa) LU;&oa= NABLED BY GRANTS AND F | C5\y% eu | CALIFORNIA-THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES AND PRIVE tla@ ea | AND GIFTS-CHARTED ABOVE IS A DIAGRAM OF TH - MP2) pe “RSS | ARBORETUM DESIGNED BY MR HARRY SIMS BENT AR GRAPHIC SCA = TSE | THE BASIC GROUND LAYOUT AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURE mrgeerrrrraeer | i . : : |

i ledihadadedbsbaed it? a) a) i — 4 sh

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14 DAS GA L RIAN S

parks doomed to a indifference and a, serious negle

ore pserensive pees: have found that the park idea, creatively ap-

ma, oe e sgn ation of poor and mean- nd their san a of scars greatly impeded. Poor

with slight concern for its qualitative or unctiona In the United States almost all that is good in sig of gi planning and prac-

k to the earlier pre- the “natural style” school of Eng- lish landscape art. with ri

represented a di aristocratic park idea of the earlier Europ-

an schoo e number of good ar of all types and ines, increasing ited

diye ha demonstrations carried out oie the Moses regime in New York City, the state of New York and in New gat the cities of Philadelphia, "Clevelane. Pitts

type of park, dedicated to scientific, educational ends and adult

interests. In view of the importance of | horticulture to the regional life of South- ern California, the valid ee of this ion and undertaking in its _

lly studied and formulat

o program for the A and, Por y, the grounds enclose one of — the pullh hn of the historical scene of sacple Californi The Master Pian that has been designed © the A am

bound to impos status-

quo of any s In this instance, the © hanges are being de gradually and with minimum disturbance to the f

advance in construction and planting from year to year, a term of seven years will produce an effective ie ng of the Ar-

boretum nished pattern of : creative planting displays will in many re- — spects take much longer. Friends and

sponsors of the Arboretum i oe e b that at its maturity it will t

ance to the State of California Thus through foresight, planning, an investment, Los les

County may create an invaluable annuity to bestow upon their children.

WINTER *

Sv! foe Te 15

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H.

AUSTRALIAN PLANTS In the first of this series of Growing Notes,

we re

under” add to the beauty of Southern California gardens. Before we go into a discussion of plants new to us, let’s take a look at some a which are already

ecies are widel

| shrubs reaching a height of only three to six feet. Included in this group are A. . brownii, £ ifoli lrummondii,, A.

; There a are also some A. elata is one

hern Cali- fornia, except to a few hobbyists. __ Our experience in germinating and grow-

all are

n addition to their garden value, Aca-

are in co erable demand as cut rs. Several species are used, but A. popular with florists,

e only one grown in any quantity waco a it eee seem reasonable om the ny species as yet ype . S oahy. pct ay as cut flower be ode rn Californian knows Eu- tus globulus, the Blue hate Few peo- now tha of Tasmania,

as bec here would lead to the belief that

SPALDING

dred species known to exist would do as a Some o

ite an extent. FH. ficifolia, one of the most brilliantly flowered, is very wel wn in

ae ag subject to consistently freezing win E. leucoxylon rosea is a fine street & ports aeons white flowers which distinguish it from oxylon pallens, (better known as E. sider-

ct in 1°)

oth phi narrow leaves; those of E. leucoxrylon rosea are green, those of E. aaroupien pat hy are gray. T are other large tree Eucalypts grown, such as, E. citriodera, E.

‘Mallee’, or shru types, as possible lready being offered in some of our nur- series ar forrestiana, which grows to

feet and can

ers are showy red seed pods. This Eu probably young, but is quite hardy when baer — lished. E. macrecarpa an siana can now be obtained in a few of pitas nur- e somewhat straggly shrubs to fifteen feet, goer eir ck in form is their flowers.

siana has slightly smaller flowers of bright yellow. From observation of the young plants grown at the Arboretum, it appears that both may have possibilities as espa- lier subjects. Both of them will probably e Spe r, at least while g.

are growing approximately fifty spe- cies of Eucalyptus at the Arboretum at the

The literature is being c of previous trials in California, and records are being kep

the average home gardener begins to bog

16 BAS CAEL RAV ES

down in such names as Chamaelaucium, Hymenosporum, etc. Therefore, it seems

names are In

county. This is

5 o

et v curate ail. Careful study of this nek leads to Fe opinion that he has don good job, and common names ere used will be cited in Growing Not A third group of Auabiouas wees which

is well known to = = the Bottlebrushes. This comm ightfully belongs to the genus Coahatonibn., although it has pie used for some aleucas. The - tlebrushes are widely Sewn in Southert California, nae should be, as the

ind resistant. species are pisatea together, it is possible ©

ok °

bagi Dies fe gaa most commonly grown, viminalis, have red “brushes” aehoueh occasionally one of the —

tunate in receiving seed of several species —

with lilac a violet flowers, and one, een. bes ntified, is a species having pink oA

LT

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

JOHN S. VOSBURG

The Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce in 1936 found sect with funds available to devote to vancemen of horticul-

properly. A call was put out to the horti- cultural leaders of the seer to consider this problem and take

The motivating er was small at first, consisting of su

e Southern California Horticul- ene Institute, a non-profit organization. Believing that Southern California can e most beautiful spot he ov, objectives of the Institute bec 1. To conduct region-wide ance plant- ing, an beautification program to — ei planting of proper trees e 7 LO cat Flo wer ‘Sho ows: the second California International Flower Show is to be held this spring. To motivate the establishment of Ar- boreta and Botanical Garde acai The os Angeles Species and County Arbo- r is now ret progressing as a result of this ep ae ve. To disseminate ae informa- tion for the benefit and education of those interested in ot Aah both scientific and practic . To stimulate the hae hee of all or- eres horticultural groups, in order California “the ost beautiful spot on earth’.

bo

a

ou

6. To establish a a center with uilding in

tional meeti Meetings: The first sched of each month. fiw and é 7:30 p.m. Gibson Hall, the Friday Morn- ing Club, 940 South Figueroa St., Los Angeles. Executive Headqua 7848 Denivelle Road ‘Sonlane: California se ger FLorida 3-6280

35, 00 per year Publications:

Diet Oegdtent :

ROBERT CASAM AJOR Dr. SAMUEL AYREs, JR.

NOTE a LASCA LEAVES uch attempt to include | a systematic coverage of all hortic

headieatiens and societies in the Los 4

MEMBERSHIP

Annual Associate Membership.............. oe -$ : 5.00 :

Annual Membershiy ) 10.00:

| Annual Contributing Moembershipe: 2 22 7 25.00.

Annual Sustaining Mesbeitinic 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership.............-.-0.00-00----- 250.00 Life aig a a 500.00

ae Founders ..... 1000.00 or more | | Benefactors : : 5000.00 or more

a aa

CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

.

ALL ContRiBUTIONs DEDUCTIBLE ator: _ FEDERAL aNCOME Tax Law:

Oreratep By CaLiFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

CALIFORNIA

AKBORE |lUM

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

Ghia

COUNTY

A

LUS ANGELES

ARCADIA

LUSCa Leaves

Ry S4RDEN LiBRAS

vn SPRING 1957

a

a BOARD OF TRUSTEES

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

a Dr. F. W. WENT President

af DR, SAMUBL AYRES, [Reichel Vice-President

i Mrs. FRANKLIN BooTH Vice-President Howarp A. MILLER Treasurer

2 Manchester Boddy

Ay Robert Casamajor

Ralph D. Cornell Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin J. F. Douglas Mrs. Thomas Fleming - William Hertrich John C. Macfarland Samuel B. Mosher Mrs. William D. Shearer John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio

(Founded Through the Efforts of the Southern California Horticultural Institute)

LOS ANGELES 438? ARBORETUM

STAFF Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director’ : GEORGE H. SPALDING Superintendent W. QUINN Buck Pro pagator J. THoMAs McGAH Plant Recorder : _ Dewey E. NELSON Custodian

THeta: G. BEANCBARD.. 7 oo oe. Secretary !

| eae

LASCA LEAVES

Quarterly Journal of the

LOS ANGELES

COUNTY STATE and

ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION R. J. SEIBERT, Ed/tor

VOLA

APRIL, 1951

TO MAKE OUR LAND MORE BEAUTIFUL

JOHN ANSON

FORD

(SUPERVISOR, LOS ANGELES COUNTY)

The beginnings of an institution, or proj- ect, are relatively unimportant except as they may P more clearly to define the nature of the undertaking and measure its progress.

I recall with gratification the remarks made to me ee or four years ago by Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr., regarding the unre- alized opportunities possessed by Southern California, and Los A

wood Bowl. That wonderful County~- Owned property is under a long term lease non-profit association, composed of

7)

Ognition. I told Dr. A e culturists with who 6

Similar pattern might be employed in es- tablishing an arboretum ie

As a result of many conferences and

luncheons with horticulturists at the May- fair corporation was finally set up known as the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

The search for a suitable property where County and the

as recommen mployed my best powers of persuasion, direct and indirect, to generate interest

on t of my colleagues bore fruit in mounting enthusiasm, in which the former supervisor, Will Smith shared, he — background of fores-

Parks was enlisted. us g

investment whose total ,000.

There are many thing :

now approximates s that government well and economically. ar

spective fields. A fe)

No. 3 2

18 LAS CA

LEAVES

In the fields of community advertising for

supervisors, not at r own dis and direction primarily, dish in accord with programs advanced by two contract agen- cies, viz. the All-Year Club and the Los eles Chamber of Commerce, respec- tively The genius of the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is that public and pri- vate resources have been Tine for the comma good, on a non-profit basis. The objectiv er and richer horti- Scitural: development for Southern Cali- fornia is being so effectively implemented

come more beautiful, more profitable, in Southern California because of the arboretum’s program

The arboretum is a park, plus. Here is

a enjoy themselves, and learn a great al about plants alae ay grown in the Los geles area. Of special

esidence stables of pit peor ne ane unconventional “Lucky” Baldwin. Each of these struc-

tures, now being restored by generous private contributions, is vividly ilustrative of a in Southern California’s earlier

"The horticultural program eecubying the ne-hundred-

its development, Lowe enrichment for South on California. Here

paouer the introduction of rare speci-

The bringing of be tid to this region by giant aqueducts called for feats of unmatched skill. It ma ert and semi-desert areas blosso

foresight oF Mulholland and the ers” who with him eel us hee “antl ficial vous of water. ustry has fol- lowed in the make of aevict tre: All about us has risen evidence of a vast man-made empire

In this marvelous setting, as the years

ing Southern California come into its

LJ

EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS

CHARLES GIBBS ADAMS — LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

The Titan-like specimens of Eucalyptus globulus which to

of seed — the southern ice dacagiaa GPS of this seed went to ranches ow e old Mant

mington, to the Workmans of San Fernan- sae nd to Sefior Carrion in the San Dimas

Y eeveh years before this happened, hckegt' Ww

edlings o lar size today would sell for about thirty-

five cents.) There is no record of the ex- ;

istenc ce of an

planted in Mendocino County —too fal north for their comfort. The significant arrival of this seed, in

Hox 38 : Bhis Gu

fruiting tree at t vision o lor of San Francisco who had gone to Aus- tralia on missionary work. From there he had sent his wife some seed of this giant = gpg Be d so impressed him Well impressed with

the Bay in Alameda, where they prospered |

e time, w u ay Vara n Bishop, William Tay- —

sper ;

Speman ag OO tt

SPRING

19091 19

A. County Board of Supervisors

Photo: Courtesy L.

Huge Eucalyptus globulus trees shade the “Lucky” Baldwin lakeside Casino. (Queen Anne Cottage)

SO Well that the in aig Government took d eed, a

notice, imported more nd distrib- uted it ies: Washin lias to southern Cali- forni aioe iinet environment for

ghty eeiont years y William Wolfs kill: this

result; many of t of those early days are now tow ing mon- archs which shade the homes eb gardens

ee the highway of Baldwin’s dream. rth

“What will your father. do when he learns what Ral, have stolen “It will be too late, mama, when he does for I shall tend them so lovingly that en

will be too large to sage Ww hen they lift their heads abo ve the weeds. Today rard the su raat of Rosa’s life,

uard over the old adobe.

Bacio towering, ac ecord-

r of the little one’s nd

biaie radon pine gu One grew straight o legend, in hon

ab Eucalypti. Some have been cious fuel; some for windbreaks in citrus

20 ; EASCA. LEAVES

orchards; some for the gorgeous color of others for the

on a ranch whic ~ geles State and Coun

ed y Arbore

ith regret we eet note ‘edie many of.

flises original trees are nearing the en of their life span in Southern sete pion However, their progeny will carry o

a reminder that foreign plants as aa ~

foreign peoples have found a welcome here.

Note: The cover illustration shows Eucalyptus globu- lus, var. compacta in its proper use as a low wind- break and masking hedge. This ‘dwarf Blue Gum,”

a horticultural varie is said to have origi near Niles, California, from seed of the normal- ized ‘*Tasmanian BI um.’”’ _The “dwarf” is

sil om the species, within the first year of gro

DAYLILY ee, tage aa AT LASCA

UINN Bu

Those who are interested in pace will be pleased to know that the first of the test gardens to be set up at Los Angeles State ee County Arboretum will be o emerocallis. This garden will co- operate with both The H teed Society e American Plant soap Ms ociety; the latter organization wa list it as an o platen ane trial garden replacing the on former he nienale of California a Los poet For ifs beginning Aas warisbon test abi will undred med varieties, wont of ie Species, oa . sae yo e writer’s own see . Tem- Siravily, all of these are S planted ren south

of the ae lath house; later, when the perm ag teat test garden area is ready for tala is moved there and planted in Colne | gro

The aay ily test garden is peed planned so that it will show as of the varieties as possible, not tae ee newer ones but also the older ati so that our

pera: of var gst as to adaptability, per- — and quality. em ‘of the breeding at the Arboretum will be wi the writer’s colchicine-in- > nag op eoremren ka explore their possibili- s and limitati

LASCA TEMPERATURE

R. J. SEIBERT

Every plant grower of Southern Cali- fornia is vitally interested in temperatures d exotic plants grown

placed and recorded data from seven m um-minimum thermometer stations for critical observations at well spaced points

summarizes monthly

maximum tempera- tures from January, 1949, to December, 1950, for each station. Also listed are the lowe: st and highest Leon ranesticiang recorded each month at each stati

Topographic position pide natural out- door und aiots plays an important roll in

est points is about 108 feet, i.e., be-

tween 486 and 504 feet above sea level. In | general, the lowest unprotected places are | temperatures. Our

ow point between the Queen Anne Cottage and the lake, the te ver a mode at % ral- @

cular low point. From our present figures one can sel- dom exert 1 iation be-

the fac at we can ex minimum temperature variation eke between dif- ferent parts or the Arboretum grounds on critical nig

Note: Lowest seaatine to date recorded in 1951 occurred the night of February 28 with a reading

IZ

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SNOILVIS 4vis

VOSV'T — SGYODEY AYNLVYAdWNAL

22 LAS CA “LEA VES Te APA oe HuGH EVANS

For many years, indeed long before I From where I am sitting, writing at my engage the nursery business, I ex- desk, I look out at a of Luculia ety pos, roe new oF gneeaei gratissima from China; this shrub is about eee ft plants possessing me o that our gar- teen years old and carries ce fe.

dens and streets thereby might be more adorne Loo over my old lists. of plants, of things obtained mostly from Australia d a, I am almost daunted as I read them. Virtually all of this material

California. n pi man fc) ese

from seed, no lo ist. Most of them

ous gardens received perpetual ir- ogi ona = Lalani to which they sooner

r later

aeatiatine catalogues and horticultural books of the two countries mentioned above, and admiring the illustrations of the various subjects, I experience a di tinct sense of loss and disma

and I fervently hope that in the new State and County Arboretum, all subjec ich require and t have the right environment and treatment m happy and will flourish and

cause pleasure t who behold t

It is easy, too — sometimes, to put moisture into the without

ing systems to a fine misty spray to combat our atmospheric aridity, many beautiful things which insist on moisture-

throw off moisture into the hese adverse conditions can be to a large extent obviated.

rs: C this, aside from its natural charm, is be- cause this particular plant seems to defy

1 ifficult and

soil it is possible to imagine. Some years of this iovely nti

var Ss

fortunately “When

them well, and ‘ed rig die.” I reca

they were sure got all the scientists

some obscure malady carried them About four years ago, when Oakland, my friend, Dr. H of the University at gy took me i ea Luculia

e entrancing thing: hundred trusses of flowers, and the plant

growing this superb plant all over again,

and hope from past disaster to pluck final success. Aside from the material secured from

Africa, Australia and New Zealand, I nat- urally procured quite a few meritorious subjects from China and India, the Canary Islands, and Central and out

fine tesa from this source.

I remember vividly how many years ago the ‘ata Sir yee ae Hill, Director of Kew me around m arden and noticed

sked me from whom they came; I

FE nD ae he

SP RING 4.9:5: 1 23

he comes to Kew we delegate one man to walk in front of him, and another to

mer, this is a valuable plant with its pro- ee of blue flowers for month after

of old in the Roman arena— “We who are about to die salute thee.” In another article I hope to mention and pay tribute to the men and women who did so much to enrich our state by their introductions.

LT

LASCA, AND ITS BIRD-LIFE

W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM

€ area now known as LASCA— Los Angeles State and County Arboretum —there has been, very probably for thou- years, a small lake maintained by

d the mesa.

Pid favorable conditions for bird life

Ontinued without a break, perhaps, until E E

3 c Q os

tand of Eucalyptus, C

, Cypress, Fan Palms, Eastern Elms, Persimmons and Magnolias. ideal conditions — trees,

mer Tanager, an exceedingly rare visitor from the East, in an eastern Oak near the

Green Heron and

crowned Night Heron nesting at the same

time, in his yard. Two rare Florida Gal-

linules er fall and winter of 1949- e.

are residents, 11 summer residents, 20 winter residents, and 86 migrants

156 species: of these 39

in setting apart the Arboretum as a Bird Sanctuary. The staff at the Arboretum is also very cooperative in the interest of bird-life on the grounds. Plans are afoot to grow special plants which are known to furnish food for birds. The art and work

ll

d the Arboretum—will always be a haven for birds. .

24 f LAS CA LEAVES

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

A report on the aay eaey wniigs periods of various species may be of interest for the record and of some help to those gardeners who like to try something a Ses different.

Following is a germination table based on Arboretum records. All wer rminated in the Georgia Peat oe Sponge Rok mixture. Phone given special Seeil nett are indicated by symbols as follows: B—boiling water; F-fired; N—nicked. Germination period in- dicated is in days gene where otherwise noted: e Treat- Species ment Period Spec ment Period Acacia acuminata B 21 Bucalypte sehen 7-10 Acacia adenophora B 6 Eucalyp ia ra 24 Acacia adunca B 8-10 Beraeune eruc 9 as Brown B 8-10 Eucalyptus ic ae 5 Acacia buzifolia B 10-14 Eucalyptus erythr 11 Nace ourdiophy la B 8-10 Eucalyptus erythronema Lairdi 13 Acacia decora B pe Pe “neh Forresti : ucalyptus hegre sah. rosea Acacia elonga B 14 Eucalyptus macrocarp Acacia faleat B 20 Eucalyptus seas baeeciss Acacia farnesiana B 7-10 Eucalyptus mi cacia line B al nU Acacia nervosa B 25-30 Eucalyptus Oldfieldii cacia obliqua B 25-30 alyptus pachyphylla Acacia oxycedrus B 15 Eucalyptus platypus Ac pendula B 5 Eucalyptus Aeetheve Acacia prominens B 23 Eucalyptus py Acacia pycnanth Ai 27 Eucalyptus Phodantha Acacia spectabilis B 11 Eucalypt ‘Acacia subulata B 40 Eucalyptus Stoatei Acacia undulifotia B 15 Eucalyptus T Acacia v RB 7 Eucalyptus tereticornis Alyogyne pair’ tifidus 14 Grevillea Wilsonii Arthropodium Costar 40 akea cyclocarp Aspalathus sarcod 30 Hakea glabella Banksia burdettii 60 Hakea multilineata Banksi olia 30 Hakea tol Banksia Menziesii 40 Hakea petiolaris Banks notes 55 Isopogon roseus Bauhinia carronii N 7 Kennedya prostrata B Beaufortia spar. 26 Leschenaultia biloba diene riatty 4 olia Melaleuca crassifolia rachychi cida Call ~ ninata 6 wine elliptica Ca so late ten ey = Melaleuca erubescens Cal sovind rset 9 laleuca longicoma Callistemon pallid 5 eo ee Callistemon foliu 12 Melaleuca pubescens listemon teretifolius 8 Melaleuca Steedmanii Callistemon viminalis 6 Melaleuca s Callistemon violacea 10 Melaleuca styphelioides maelaucium rubrum 80-45 Melaleuca Wilsonii h pero 17 Telopea oreades Entelea arboresee 11-150 Telopea speciosissima lef cag Burdettiana , oe Muelleriana calyptus erticordia plumosa Eucalyptus mabonelis rosea te Viminaria Eason

MEMBERSHIP

Annual Associate Membership... Sey ee ae uit $5.00 Annual Membershit 10.00 Annual Contributing ACTIONS ia ds attest as cvane ke 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership...................2....-.---.- 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership............... spiel eras 250.00 Life Membership 500.00 Founders 1000.00 or more Benefactors 5000.00 or more

CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME TAX Law:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444.

2

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 120 acres of property is in the State of California, which has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master plan of the foundation prepared by Harry Sims Bent. Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the public during construction.

Oreraten By CaLirornia AgBORETUM FouNnpbatTion, INc.

all 7

OM

CALIFORNIA

LUsca Leaves

SUMMER 1951 s ¢ se VER

‘OUNTY AK BOLET

a < Z. lad Se © —, a

CO m=

x aa) i laa << eS eo;

#

US ANGELES"

oe ARCADIA

|

\ | Pomegranate a - a

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

Dr. F. W. WENT President

Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR Vice-President

Mrs. FRANKLIN BOOTH Vice-President

Howarp A. MILLER Treasurer Manchester Boddy

Robert Casamajor Ralph D. Cornell

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin

J. F. Douglas

Mrs. Thomas Fleming William Hertrich John C. Macfarland Samuel B. Mosher

Mrs. William D. Shearer

John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio

: (Founded Through the Efforts of the Southern California Horticultural Institute)

LOS ANGELES S14? 24 ARBORETUM

STAFF Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director GEORGE H. SPALDING Superintend W. QUINN Buck Pro pagator J. THoMAS McGAH Plant Recorder Dewey E. NELSON Custodian

THELMA G. BLANCHARD Secretary

oo

=

_ and lovely © Sweetly.

LASCA LEAVES

Quarterly Journal of the

LOS ANGELES

COUNTY STATE and

ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION R. J. SEIBERT, Editor

VOL. I

JULY, 1951

THE POMEGRANATE

CHARLES GIBBS ADAMS

cover design is even older, derived from a color plate made in 1828.

a abr ap. mg were fea- t e arts o ssyria, Egypt and Persia as symbols of fertility. r

eir new land of Canaan would of wheat and barley, vines Gate and Pomegranates.”

reek Theophr i , epi phrastus, Aristotle’s succes

m hose glistening foliage blossoms the nightingale sang

among w

The sheer beauty of the tree,—with its

fountain-like form, its glossy clean foliage, often red-veined, its exquisite blossoms of orange-scarlet with petals like crumple

silk, its crimson winter fruit, hanging long after the leaves have n and finally splitting open to reveal a treasure trove of rubies within—such beauty alone would render it a treasure in decoration, even if it were not of si i i

declared it “the best sort of writing ink, which is durable to the world’s end.” countries around the Mediterranean Sea, red dye is made from the flowers, and wine from the fruit, and a favorite refreshment is sherbet of its juices.

The pomegranate can be depended upon for continuous performance of these good s; there is written record of one tree

st any soi black adobe; it asks but little of food and drink, cultivation and pest control.

The tree’s botanic name, Punica Grana- u means “the granulated (fruit) of

From that city it was intro-

. ef ’ genia, Feijoa, Guava, Melaleuca, and even

Tristania and Eucalyptus.

1 Johann Gottlieb Mann, Deutschlands Arzney-Pflan- zen, 2, 1828.

26 LVASCA-L BA VES

CHAIN OF TITLE FOR RANCHO SANTA ANITA (Prepared for LASCA by W. W. Robinson)

KING OF mei Spanish occupation 0 f California com- 69 with title to all the land

1 Santa “srt came under ecclesiastical ju- risdictio

THE MEXICAN NATION Spanish rule in California ets way to t

exican in 1822, rough ’s suc- cessful revolt against Spain daiindeirn a. of Santa Anita ission con-

ued until secularization was completed, : ee late 1830’s HUGO REID Reid, a Scot who became a Mexican citi-

a. ico seraasiiae full title in 1845 t to this “Scotch Paisan HENRY DALTON

Dalton, an English merchant from California _ in

who ca

oard of Land ommissioners aphaid Dalton's title.

JOSEPH A. ROWE — Rowe, California’s pioneer circus man, bought the rancho from Dalton in 1854.

WILLIAM CORBITT and ALBERT DIBBLEE 1858 WILLIAM WOLFSKILL 1865 HARRIS NEWMARK 1872 ELIAS J. (LUCKY) BALDWIN 1875 ANITA BALDWIN McCLAUGHRY ET AL.

These were the distributees under the decree of distribution, rendered April 24, 1913, of the estate o Baldwin who had di ed on March

HARRY CHANDLER 1936 RANCHO SANTA ANITA, INC. 1936 STATE OF CALIFORNIA 1947

er purchase, the State leased the

historic Rancho Santa Ani

CHAIN OF HORTICULTURE

SUSANNA BRYANT DAKIN

From King of Spain to State of Califor- nia—from 1769 until 1951—successive own- ers have contributed to the horticulture of

rich pasture and 20 eee bing She it was known by the Indians as “Plac Sei Many Waters.” They li ied | in ay Bs huts) near the aes and called this pow lh eanison Aleupkig-

ae the locality there was a plentiful sup- ply of food—growing wild and needing no

oe on the place, came edible acorns mountain cherry, chia (a small gray thistle mang tender stalks of sage, various berri

ts. In his “Letters on the Tadinne: "

Hugo Reid has given some of their more © palatable recipes To certain plants eden graben healing properties. For instan ame

Ww .” Due to Bit, “they cal ried teeth perfect to the ve.” en Reid acquired title tt Aleupkig-™

SUMMER

je ye Sad | 27

(come to be known as the mission rancho he introduced advanced

with the Frenchman, Jean and Kentuckian William Wolfskill_two of his friends who, in Bancroft’s Pioneer Register, were described as “the pioneers of California’s greatest, industry, the pro- duction of wine and fruit.’”’ With the padres at near by San Gabriel — yd ex- changed char pauee and v va riety and extent of his nicnting is shown in his aon c 1844.

William Heath Davis, baer Santa Ani- ribed the Reid

California,” grew lyric over Santa Anita in eid’s day, writin “Tt is one of the fairy spots to be met with so often in California. On the de- clivity of a hill is erected a molino, or grist- unded with fruit "trees and flow-

Ss are gushin scattering their waters in every direction.”

Hugo Reid achieved fame as a fearless writer

Having paid $2,700 sis the iiodboar he r $33, 000—to

_ Corbitt and his partner Albert Dibblee— _a Santa Barbara ranchero married to a de la Guerra.

Corbitt and Dibblee were pg pain in

cattle ranching. Leaving the vineyards, ive

a tne e€s--

— calling it ‘Gas Racing! growing

e grapes from aaa aw slips, and raising trotting hor

The remainder of yen original grant was

conveyed to William Wolfskill—something

ro French slips. He restored and added to the original vineyards and orchard—and

larized date growing, transplanting onal

Australia. They are among the old California, and have ere to enormous size, as have his palm tre William Wolfskill died in 1866, leaving t

ess. Emaciated black c e hak rolling hills and beautiful valleys, like flies on sticky paper For a long time, cattle

tended, and citrus groves appeared in pro-

Since Reid’s day, Santa Anita owners with citrus and _ their

goo nd, once

Prospective buyers hounded the Wolfskills, o plant orange and lemon groves on 1,000 acre plots. For this purpose, Al- fred and Katharine Chapman kage. the pate now known as nW

In 1872 Harris Newmar. of “Sixty Years in Southern California”) paid $10. 50 per acre for the home ranch, reduced by

sales to 8000 acres

allotted to sheep, - on logy ea to his wool busin _ in A northern sec- tion he deeded to the ‘Southern Pacific in veioition of the “Iron Horse” whose rival would skyrocket land values. But before completion of the Southern wmark disposed o

5, through the San Gabriel Valley, in

28 ASC ASE. EAVES

search of mining property near San Ber- nardino. First his eye was taken by the

egant Rose estate and then, like others before him, he fell in love with the natural beauty of Santa Anita

Says Palmer Conner in his “Romance of the Ranchos”: ‘“‘The mountains of the Si- erra Madre loomed as sentinels behind the

was a picture of ame He “TIE buy: it’ said he: a price of $200,000

s Newmark put a

tock ela t 5 elas! 1 Ww

ose that survive i peppers from Peru, alee tea trees (Leptospermum laevigat He scored the marsh, never lake since the drought of the ’60s, feet the “fairy spot” of Reid’ s day. The old adobe he

of his flashy, worldly life he chose to die in the adobe built by Hugo Reid for his In- dian love—so simply, so long ago.

Santa Anita was neglected after Mr Baldwin’s death in 1909. family retained title until Helps to sell, in 1936, to Harry Chan

a great landholder. Mr. praca

hen the State and County 000 _ Chandler heirs in 1947. as s purchase price of $2700 for 13,500 acres one hundred years earlier!

The present site of the Los Angeles State rboretum includes the lake id adobe, the Bald-

m trees continue their sky—the ancient Agta ahd a lem-

n tree remain to ind us of pioneer planting a Souther California.

ac rlier owner of Rancho Santa Ani- ta developed the land for his private need and gain. Now a new era is Say ata with the establishment of a

oO wide reputations already hav contributed sea gett time, and money to- s idea ich may not be Fully

realized in one ae s lifetim ns Verdoorn left his beset as edi-

more inspired, initial cat Tidetatigable Dr. Went is himself a scientist of world reputation, long identified with fornia Institute of Technology. The Ar- etum absorbs him as an extracurricular Ta a takes many hours a week. ned to his lit-

r. Verdoorn retur erary ‘ead pe life, he ees the appointment of a you a R. d.

eir medicinal propertie As in Reid’s day, seeds Pa? slips and plants are coming to us from Spain C . rance—many, like Wolfskill’s eucalypt, ome from Australia. Peru and China are furnishing us, as they did Dalton and Bald-

e. a er — Seibert’s direction, . Hanehe Santa Anita may make her great- — est contribution allied fields of scienti- — fic research. ’

and 4

_ patio, and gar ‘ Hugo Re id’s own inventory

SUMMER

|e ae a 29

ORCHARD AND VINEYARD (Reid’s Inventory, 1844)

Hugo Reid first considered selling Santa Anita early in 1844, when hard times w upon him. He wrote to the great land- holder, Don Abel Stearns, on June l, ask-

Reid listed the sate Papen in the ae alh of his adobe ra hou

neyard is ay alee: It con- tains pies totaling 22,730 and ground suf- ficient to make up the number of 40,000,

besides 430 varieties of fruit trees: 20,500 m ground sufficient to make up th

pulines (blood oranges), 3 nogales (walnut trees) 7 olivos (olive trees), 40 limones (lem- on trees), in all, 430 trees.”

7

THE HUGO REID ADOBE, 1839-40

Plans have been completed for the res-

h huts, simulating those used by Indian servants, will be half- hidden eg planting near the lake’s laun- dry-ston A feuek ntain will resume its play, in the arden planting will duplicate

Pomegranate—are being cherished through the planning and const on period Planting and architectural additions of a later date will be re ved (except a Eucalyptus planted by Wolfskill in the 60s, a large magnolia and a camphor shad

the house, two e palms overhang-

ing the lake—and a few other specimens

which we are not ruthless enough to do

away with). Such clearing is necessary to allow room for the authentic re-creation of a noted California residence of the 1840’s. Before choosing an architect and land scape architect, members of the Historical

opies of his are available at gc Bent commented i ing on our long-term Lichershage Minch 1, 195])>

project forms a

gram. dwin structures is terse simple, in terms of work and research.

¥ mmittee decided last Spring that the Hugo Reid premises were to be re-created to di the original establishment and its basic h . It also was decid

gime, bearing no relatio id. “RESTORATION: True restoration work, as dis-

30

LASCA LEAVES

tinguished from

mere repair or preservation effort, Larkin House Monterey at the re-creation of authentic scenes as they 7, a ee Ae eae appeared in their hey-day. Sentime preservation, often confu with restoration, isses that signi-

ed on true restoration ys.

All Fee pag behin

simple preserva

d this program where con-

Casa Alvarado

Monterey e

Stokes House ....

Monterey Old Custom: House. Monterey Casa Sanchez Monterey

La easa del Rancho Guajome

letters, and recor an Luis Rey

of his contemporaries and close associates Scot Ree Ona he Los Angeles

. by Su a Bryant akin, authentically and vividly pictures Hugo Reid, his character, aspira- Castro House San Juan Batista tions, way-of-life, and relations with the Early Cali- fornia, scene. et of a man’s life i re expres- _ Caneda Adobe ..................... Santa Barbara sive of his character, way-of-life and aspirations, than : : the house that he builds for his family. I evse, snare Sgn a lea Jes tomy eed ea ase ented picture of id can be Yorbe-Abade Adobe ............ Santa Barbara expected to meg a plausible demain of his phy- teal establishm

“It is clear wae Hugo Reid was an obser

dividual ; that as concerned with the puvintatien of life: that his early background and educat him tast ei discriminations extraordinary for his time and place: that his affairs sige associations link- him Seas with: the Monterey scene. “His marriage to Dofia Victoria in no wa uc ee status of a squaw-ma is ian Ma rself, been tun to

adontion by the fated and prominent Dofia Bulalia Per e Mar

as ven ny business and poreak ioe tions with, California’ s ne capital and bus Fee ical to a i be

oa exa ri

re che no lived in the Monterey rather than in Pa aisan ano traditi ion ny his neighbors in Southern Californ

“The is buildings of Monterey and of the cegacgyrtd type have been carefully se ed. Of

reen h a few from the very early period, were select has a social study, as list ese re examined from the standpoint of atmosphere, plan

use of mate

arrangements, scale, rials, and appropriate detail. Th tion plan does not pr

eS, ain to have ‘been used by Hugo R pena rs

“Applicable examples of the Early Monterey style, studied for rian effects, plan, and detail preceden

Cooper House

Monterey

Cees Soberanes 00000 Monterey

Miranda: House = ..cc553055 Santa Barbara

Guadalupe Rancho Adobes..Santa Barbara

addition to the above, restoration tech- niques in adobe and woodwork were studied a La Purisima Mission, Federa’

the ]1 Restor- ation Project, Lompoc, Californ

“MONTEREY STYLE: This ‘merchant’ style of Early ge 7 ne nia, durin riod 1825-1850. It is clearly other contemporary m

out sae sac re ha

can be defined as the

ng the pe-

stinguishable from the

o: ilding design through-

rnia where Spanish and Mexican tradition ated.

“Early traders of the Port of Monterey would not

ut up for long with the hegre of living in 4

pores eagran no Pate house. The flow of ocean trade

cahnek pauidces materi E

d er a comparatively sophisticated vers

“THE HUGO REID PLAN: Research leads to the — conten that the Ol Hugo Reid establishment : followed the very early Monterey style: ugh its

eS Res en ee

Rancho Santa Anita in the 1880’s. The “Lucky” Baldwin Casino with the Hugo Reid Adobe in the left background.

32 BASCA “LEAVES

genera! layout must have followed the hacienda scheme, rather than the urban plan o

h e pretentious ranch- es iendas, the enclosed quadrangle was the traditional layout. This involved greater scale and cost than Hugo Reid coul

afford. For the smaller haciendas, throughout Califor-

nia, a L-shaped plan was the practical alternative.

indicates that such was the general arrangem

THE BALDWIN CASINO AND CARRIAGE HOUSE (1876-1880)

A recent termite survey reveals more rapid deterioration in the frame buildings built by “Lucky” Baldwin than in Reid’s adobe, constructed forty years earlier. There is greater urgency for their restora- tion. Influenced by this and other factors, the Historical Committee has appointed Maurice Block to plan the Victorian res- rain yl bring cost estimates to our

une meeting. No structural changes are

eded—beyond occasional con- sultation ee members of our architec- tural sub-committee

Already, individual Baldwins have promised cooperation and donations of family heirlooms, including “Lucky’s” own tally-ho. A namesake nephew, E. J. Faw- cett, will serve as historical custodian, along with Dewey Nelson who lives in- side the Arboretum. More responsible and interested people could not be found, in or out of civil service.

,

As planner and supervisor, Maurice Block is well-qualified — having created the period rooms at the Huntington Art Gallery, including one actually of the Vic- torian era. With him will be working a master craftsman named Sam Maloof,

whose talents extend from the manufac- ture of contemporary furniture to adobe brick-making, paisano style. A letter from Mr. Block was requested, read and ap- proved at the May meeting of the Histori- cal Committee. In brief, he writes:

seems to me to repairs and replacements, from top

an aid in giving the place character and atmosphere

“Intended exclusively for entertainment, the is tage would have been rather elaborately and colorfully ink the Victorian tendency towards

f expec

“In the stable, besides structural restoration, the — effort should be la the original

i be given, of the © bustle of that once went on there, like arrested : pagean

" i

a q

SUMMER

| ip Ne Be |

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM HISTORICAL COMMITTEE

ANNUAL REPORT — JUNE 12, 1951

Under direction of President Went, the Historical Committee was formed and com- menced its active life in March, 1949. Since that date, $5750.00 has been raised by pri- vate subscription to defray the cost of re- search and planning pertaining to restora- tion of the three historic buildings at the Rancho Santa Anita. These lie within the Historical Preserve as defined in the Ar- boretum’s Master Plan. Restorations will include gardens adjacent to each build- ing.

We wish at this time to express deep appreciation to Charles Gibbs Adams for his contribution of time and thought in preliminary planning of the garden restor-

tion—to Harry Sims Bent, Master Plan-

our large committee merits special ac- knowledgment

Howard Miller is performing a valuable

| mittee. Each donation is tax exempt.

John Anson Ford has been serving since the beginning, on our Committee—as well on the Arboretum Foundation Board. He is valuable as an interpreter to his fel- low County Supervisors, explaining our Problems and progress. In many ways Mr. Ford contributes to the congeniality and interest of our meetings. His is a hearten- Ing influence.

R. J. Seibert serves ex-officio, as Arbo- retum Director. He has expressed admira- tion of the literary value of our minutes and wishes a copy to be kept in the Arbo- retum Library. This seems the place to thank W. W. Robinson for keeping a rec-

author (of California history and children’s books) and we appreciate the trouble he takes to entertain us, as well as to record events. Ed Ainsworth occasionally pinch- hits, in his own—more ribald—style! Georgina Hicks Mage interested the Na- tional Society of Colonial Dames of Amer- ica in our project—besides personally con- tributing a great deal of thought and hos- pitality to the Historical Committee. Be- sides the Dames, there are several organi-

long-term pr being solicited in any way. These include both the Sons and Daughters of the Gold- en West, the California and Southern Cali- fornia Historical Societies, the Pasadena and Digger Garden Clubs. Also we have a gratifying communication from Newton Drury, formerly head of the National Park Service, and now Chief of California’s Di- vision of Beaches and Parks. On April 30, 1951, he wrote to our chairman:

“I was very much interested upon my return to California and to the California State Park System, to read your letter of April 11, and the attached plan for restor- ation of the structures at the Los Angeles | State and County Arboretum. Since I was stationed at the Army Balloon School at Arcadia in World War I, the subject has a special appeal to me.

“T am again looking forward to working with you and your group, the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum Historical Committee.”

34 BASCA’ LEAVES

HISTORIAL COMMITTEE: MEMBERSHIP

CHAIRMAN: Mrs. RicHAarD Y. DAKIN Board Member of California Arboretum (Susanna Bryant) Foundation, Inc., and Piette ade i 744 Rockwood Road Society. Biographer of Hugo

Pasadena 2, California- SYcamore 9-1376

SECRETARY: W. W. iS California historian. Editor of poblicel Title Insurance & Trust Co. (and Vice of? a, of Title Insu 433 South Spring Street Trust Co. ard Chairman, Fri a of Los Angeles 13, California U.G.L.A. MAdison 6-2411

TREASURER Howarp A. MILLER Formerly Agricultural Director, L.A. C. of Assistant General Manage reasurer of California Arboretum Los Angeles naire of Conners Foundation, Ine

1151 South Broadw Los Angeles 15, California Richmond 2441

SUB-COMMITTEES I. POLICY (overseeing public relations, publications, library acquisitions of documents, books, pictures) : CHAIRMAN: J. GREGG LAYN Editor, Historical gene of Southern Cali- Los Angeles City a & Power Dept. fornia Quarterly. Book editor, California 207 South Broadw Historical Society Quarterly. os rebipr: 24, California Michigan 4211 MEMBERS:

Feature writer and member of Editorial Board, Los Angeles Times

es Stre Los agg 53, California 345

MAdiso Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN JOHN C, MACFA rape Southern California pcr agp aaa tong Me 1130. Garfield Ave Board member, California Arboretum Foun- South Pasadena, ‘California dation, Inc. Formerly a partner of Gibson, SYcamore 9- 2588 Dunn, "and Crutcher, Attorney LAURENCE POWELL

Librarian, U.C.L.A. Book Editor of West The U Pa A t06 Hillenet 7 ways (published by the Auto Club of South- Los Angeles 24, California ern California). BRadshaw 2-6161

W. W. Rosinson

Dr. FRITS President, California Arboretum Founda- California Institute of Technology _ Inc. Earhart Plant Research Labora- 1201 East California ot tory Director (California Institute of Tech- — Pasadena 4, thi nology). . SYcamore 6-712

II. FINANCE Pee disbursements and contracts) :

CHAIRMAN: Epwarp A. Dickson, President Board Chairman, Regents of the University — Western Federal Savings & Loan Assn. of California. mest ae Historical SocietY — 600 South Hill Street of Southern Californ

Los Angeles 14, California MAdison 2436

LASC-A LEAVES

CHARLES S. JONES, President Richfield Oil Corporation

555 South Flower Street Los Angeles 18, California

an Marino 5, California SYcamore 6-31 684 Dr. Pp MUNZ Rancho Santa Ana oute Anaheim, cries PLacentia Dr. RUSSELL . . Los secre State : at County

Arbor 291 North Old — Road

(Ge orgina ks) 2840 East Gattena Street Sree 8, Califo

36

MEMBERS:

MAURICE BLOCK

625 West

Aira bien na SYcamore 2-3390 LINDLEY B

1615 Camden

Los Angeles 25, California ARizona 7-514 43°

peas 5, California SYcamor 55

Los Angeles 6, C lit ote os nge es a phim god ifornia Mrs. ABIGAIL VON ScH

1138 Arden Road cups Pasadena 5, California SYcamore 2-6478

Board member of California Arboretum

Foundation, Inc. Supervised development of

Huntington Botanic Garden, wee Pts first urator; now Curator Emeritus.

President, Men’s Garden Club of Los An- geles. President . Soueaiane California In- stitute of Technol

President, Diggers Garden Club.

Director, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gar- den of the (founded by Susanna Bixby Bryant in mem- ory of her father, John Ww. Bixby).

Director, Los Angeles State and on ahr pe ve ange with U. S. Dep ent of Agricultur

V. FURNISHINGS (interiors, heirlooms, historical exhibits) : CHAIRMAN:

Chairman, Los Angeles-Pasadena Commit- tee of the National Society of Colonial

Dames of aa Regent of Gunston Hall —

on the Potom

Formerly ee of art colleeione | and originator of Hun ie sh niibet Art Museum Bocce rs

California historian. Assistant to Dr. Sproul, —

President of the University of California.

Industrial Designer. Past President bs Na- —

tional Society of Industrial Designer

The restorer, with Dr. Heard, - the Alva- ‘

rado adobe—built in the 1830’

Director, Pasadena Art Institute. Former assistant si at Corcoran Art Gallery:

Washington,

Feature writer, Los Angeles Examiner.

President, Pasadena Art Institute. Direct™

Pasadena. Flower Show Association.

i

riod rooms, H. ing-

Native Plants of Ci

SUMMER 1951 35

MEMBERS: HOMER Crotty (Partne bson, Dunn,

Los Angeles 14, California MUtual 5381

SON ForD 211 West Toiple Street Los .Angeles 12, California MUtual 9211 Howarp A. MILLER

r) Gi pw sre Attorneys : 634 South Sprin ng Str

President, State Bar. Board Chairman of Southwest Museum and Friends of the Huntington Library.

Los Angeles County Supervisor.

III. ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION (data on materials, architectural details, and S$):

construction technique

CHAIRMAN: ARTHUR Woop Chief Peaiae a of "Hist or Los Angeles County Museuiii Exposition Park Los Angeles a Calif. RIchmond 219

MEMBERS: HAROLD CHAM 124 West Fourth: “Stre t Los reg: 18; California MAdison 9-3331 ROBERT G. CLELA

San eins my eel nia

SYcamore 2-6

M. HaRnincrox, Curator | Southwest Muse

234 Mus

Los ‘Angeles 65, California

CApital 1-1318

Henry E. Huntington Library for

On loan (1951) to rae my Park Service;

Historical conus

Survey. Adviso La Purisima Mission, Federal Reatoration Project, Lompoc, Cal- ifornia.

Architect, Past President A. I. A.

California historian. Member of permanent ce taff, H. E. Huntington Library d Art Gall ery.

Advisor on San Fernando and La Purisima

“The terkey’ and other baler gang also of books inclu ing “How to Build a Cali- fornia obe.

IV. HISTORICAL GARDENS (authentic lay-outs and plant materials) :

CHAIRMAN: CHARLES Gipps ADAMS Landscape ie soba 440 Arroyo South Pasadena California PYramid 1-264

oe

FRED HATHAWAY BIXBY

Gime a ~

Rancho Alam

Long Beach 2 4, Pelitienia i. B: sn gh $4

oad oe “e ae 5, California

LEO Car

639 Bast Chataiel 1 Road

ce sete Monica, California Ss. How. ARD. CUNNINGHAM

(Horiense Mi McLaughlin)

ma Eas

California Garden os Angeles City

” National ” President

Cactus and Succulent Society of

Director, Nationa] Council of Garden Clubs.

Formerly bE nn Clubs, Inc. esident

Developer, with Mr. Adams, of historic gar- den at Rancho Los Alamitos. Board mem- ber of L. A. County Museum and Scripps College.

Pasadena Garden Club,

State Park Commissioner.

Pasadena Garden Club.

36 BASCA LEAVES

TRICH Board member of California Arboretum T6006 Ociandp Road Foundation, Inc. ge Saba development of San Marino 15, California Huntington Botan arden, was its first SYcamore 6-3677 Curator; now Curator Emeritus.

ARLES S. JONES, President Biehaeld Oil Corporation President, Men’s Garden Club of Los An- 555 South Flower Street geles. President of Associates, California In- os Angeles 13, California stitute of Technology

MAdison 9-4111 ‘

DAvis MERWIN President, Diggers Garden Club.

SYcamore 6-3

Dr. PHILIP MUNZ orbsgpe SP ge Santa Ana Botanic Gar- Rancho Santa Ana den of Native Plants of velit Route 3 ; (Gounded™ on Susanna Bixby Bryant in mem- Anaheim, rsrinias ory of her father, John W. Bixby) Placentia 5244

Dr. RUSSELL J. SEIB Director, Los Angeles State and County Los So State aid County Arboretum. Formerly with U. S. Depart-

ment ot Agriculture. 291 North Old a Road readia, appt

DOuglas

Vv. Asitse ve Beale (interiors, heirlooms, historical exhibits) :

CHAIRM Mrs. JOHN 7 RM Chairman, Los Angeles-Pasadena Commit- (Georgina Wicket tee of the National Society of Colonial 2840 East California Street Dames of America. Regent of Gunston Hall Pasadena 8, California on the Potomac

an 1-6136 MEMBERS: AURICE BLOCK Formerly Curator of art collections and

625 Westgate : : originator of period rooms, H. E. Hunting- Pasadena, California ton Library; saanihe er Art Museum Directors SYcamore 2-3390 Association LIN California histories, Assistant to Dr. Sproul, 1615 Camden Dri President of the University of California. Los Angeles 25, California ARizona 7-5143 E HENRY Diasec ae Designer. Past President - Na- = 969 San Pasqual tional Society of Industrial Designer

Pasadena 5, California gaat 6- hl aan : The restorer, with Dr. Heard, vgs the Alva- (Elizenent echeton} rado adobe—built in the 1830’ 510 Dutra Street

Madteces. California

JOHN PALMER LEEPER Director, Pasadena Art Institute. Formerly —

Pasadena Art Institute assistant director at Corcoran Art Gallery: — 46 North Los Robles Washington, D. C. : Pasadena 1, California

Ycam -6167 PRINCESS nab bion og

(Conchita Sepulveda) Feature writer, Los Angeles Examiner. 1757 Buc khan oad Los sien 6, California WaAlnut 2364 j Mrs, ABIGAIL VON SCHLEGELL President, Pasadena Art Institute. ceioaiees : 1138 Arden Road Pasadena. Flower Show Associatio

Pasadena 5, California SYcamore 2-6478

MEMBERSHIP

Annual Associate Membeérshipe. (42402 $ 5.00 Annual Membershif 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership................-.-....... 2900 Annual Sustaining Membership...............-..-.-.--..------ 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership.............---..--...0--0-0------ 250.00 Life Membership 500.00 Founders 1000.00 or more Benefactors 5000.00 or more

CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical

Fund.

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 120 acres of property is in the State of California, which has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years.

Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master plan of the foundation prepared by Harry Sims Bent. Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the public during construction.

Operatep By CaLiFORNIaA ARBORETUM FounpbaTion, Inc.

Lusca Leaves

CALIFORNIA

ARBORETUM

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

ANNUAL REPORT 190-5)

oct 17 Wt

ay CARDEN >

fs “9 3 1) = x] c Z A 5 =

< a < 3S) <

et Autumn 1957

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

Dr. F. W. WENT President

Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR Vice-President

Mrs. FRANKLIN BOOTH / Vice-President

Howarp A. MILLER Treasurer Manchester Boddy

Robert Casamajor Ralph D. Cornell

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin.

J. F. Douglas

Mrs. Thomas Fleming William Hertrich John C. Macfarland

Samuel B. Mosher ~

Mrs. William D. Shearer

John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio

(Founded Through the Efforts of the Southern California Horticultural Institute)

LOS ANGELES STATE 24 ARBORETUM

STAFF

Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director GEORGE H. SPALDING Superintend

W. QuINN Buck Pro pagator J. THomAs McGAH Plant Recorder Dewey E. NELSON Custodian THELMA G. BLANCHARD Secretary JANET WRIGHT DEICHER Research

and Library (Part time) ©

re ae ints shaaial Ranier

.

eee

mies gma "cee pats ot ai Milgat eM Dake ons Vitbhie Don eer

fama PE

Spit bee sake a Seg rane voce ires

LASCA LEAVES

Quarterly Journal of the

LOS ANGELES

COUNTY STATE and

ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION R. J. SEIBERT, Editor

VUeot

OCTOBER, 1951

No. 5

ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION,

ENC.

Message of President, FriITts W. WENT Delivered June 12, 1951

Ladies and Gentlemen, Member California Arboretum Foundation:

ou welcome to our annual meet- ing. It is with great ov aan ie he that the staff and trustees of t

of the progress made last eo ar by this vigorously po ios young institution.

n one works with a venture of such

vision, who have dozens of worthwhile and important suggestions for its develop-

ment, one may have pression that progress is slow. It is hard to realize all the limitations necessarily im d upon a development f this eres among which the principal one is the rate of growth of plants, which cannot ig ushed even certain ae nageak ar ae ort is

being made © speed up the cine? ration of the land as planking: ies limitations

are that in the interests of proper develop-

ment, a master plan must be followed to ingure the most effective ts saat dis- of plant material. requires an

age and other facilities as grading, roads, irrigation system, etc. Finally there is the perennial limitati

out. their — contributions in the purchase of t funds for capital improvement, and for operation very little would have been accompli date.

wever, once the perioral is open to the public the degree of public inter- est should control its further develop- most fortunate to have you

a very oer between the Arboretum and the pu

ANNUAL REPORT 1950-51

: Since our last os on these grounds

: eat just one year ago, you will see that ere have ae considerable changes in

Our surroundin

Construction :

a Busted has consisted of preliminary phases

ic items: clearing of danger- trees, iti Structures, general

grading, dredging,

| drainage, | general sewage and water sys-

tem, and a small portion of the road paving. This preliminary work, after being ex tended by the additional work starting the end of this m wi

ff to commence on the <p taiesnbat display plantings within this limited a

Architect:

It is with deepest regret to the Founda- tion Trustees that ill health and other un- fortunate circumstances have made it nec- essary for the architect, Mr.

Bent, to withdraw from the program.

38 LASCA LEAVES

Bent’s master plan for the Arbo- retum has embodied all of the require- ments to make this a s

s be remem- bered by those of us with whom he worked so closely.

It is hoped that his far-seeing vision, in the form of our master plan for the Arboretum, may be carri er a damaen for the enjoyment of many generatio Baldwin ote

Since its inception, future plans for the Arboretum, its access, forecou rt, entrance,

Baldwin Avenue, particularly between Colorado Boulevard and Huntington Drive, ny le icles ig the eastern boundary of

This ma aiter had finally been settled and Baldwin Avenue will be constructed with-

o devote our planning to final details Fegarding forecourt, entrance, service area, and of course, our future buildings.

Horticultural Program:

The past year has seen substantial prog- ress in o

ber of institutions and individuals throughout the world, and a large propor t of the seed recei has e from

e o keep the growing collections well labailed and all Tage are up to date. This is a prodigious as

e greenhouse and lathhouse are filled to capacity. Many plants are ready for

tributed to various agencies for = "plantings she ou : ways and in our parks. Test plantings of Eucalyptus and Acacia have b

I r permanent plant- ings in the areas of the Arboretum where water is available.

A 1 nursery for stock plants has been started. This nursery also

Dee of Agriculture over the past

30 y Much of this plan 9 gah is not gic is elsewhere. Thi F) bin: able collection and we are ee opagat

a large portion of it as rapidly as possible for use on the grounds Mr. W.

In October of last year, Quinn

Our collection of Australian plants has whe ii SS eae during the past d we feel t it np geed some really worthwhile a oent Research Program The County ae Los Angeles, for the fiscal year 1950-51, has contributed in the ward the research

of Supervisors adopted August 1 “IN RE CALIFORNIA STATE AND

F TION, INC., DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, WwW AS, the ‘County ——- it is to its ae interest to have research made

pressly requests the Foundation to under tak ereinafter set forth weseatil program during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951:

. The introduction, propagation, gror)

increasing contacts with horti- cultural ae botanical ea tiptens all over the world, o the keeping of com and detaile d pdms of all stages of the

research from gg of seed or plants

to final dispositio 2. Extension a catalogue of plants be ing grown or whic

Southern California. Each entry is be

PC sniotated, ‘giving, wherever p0S-

sible, source, notes on cultivation and re-

Particular emphasis is being placed ©

ong s “50 o a

Continuation of the Union Catalogue

um of Harv

w Ke : Geen ee ee a as ee a A

mplete

have been grown, in

ng chyiie wabable Beg aces idee

Peon

ee > a ee oe a

ee a ee PR Oe ee”

Pee

i oll

a

er

ee

AUTUMN

LS et

par th to a libraries of similar nature an

4. Palisetine of eon te of speci-

men plants of as OL t ants en- tered in the resea ees file ientared above be care- only clear reproduc- tions of plants typical a a given species or variety will be acquired.

5. Extension of that special section of the library yes thie boo n sub-trop- ical trees an rubs, their culture main- tenance; and sim ation, and such other books as oo directly to the po ei ra

institution for the Los Angeles County are

earch Research Agencies:

Division of ant Exploration and Introduction perigee of Plant Indus- ry, Sia BE s furnished Pienting material of Strophanthus and other poten- tial cortisone-producing plants for our testing and experimental planting in this region.

. S. Soil Conservation Service, cover cropping

ney a a large number of Paces ae for testing on the Arboretum groun

3. The Los Angeles Flood Control Dis- trict has furnished Max.-Min. and rain gauge for official observation “in thorium. and rainfall data a

r

5. The California State Mighway De- partment hee been utilizing —— of our surplus plants of certain spec S fr the Purpose of testing their soeeaaliek as

_ future freeway planting material. L.

: ae lant materials arative growth potentialities in

_ two Specifically different areas within Los

Angeles County. Foundation’ s Committees:

F. W. Went, Chat

a Samuel Ayres

Dr. Russell J. Seibert, ex-officio Library Comm

Mr. Robert Gnistiiasar: Chairman

Mr. William Hertrich

Mr. John C. Machasiarti

Dr. Philip Munz

Dr. Russell J. Seana ex-officio sa omaha Commit ard ¥, Dakin, Chairman

Dr. Russell J. cme ex-officio Membership Comm rs. Thomas Fleuing Chala

. A. Ray Je Mr. Morris B. Miller Mrs. Charles W. Paddock Mr. Hen . Re Mrs. Willtam D. Shearer

ee Comm alg cr. Déaping Chairm . Reily, Assistant Chaitaian

Mr. Chester A. Rude — Committee:

A ete report of the espe ies Committee: chair ed by Mrs. Ta- -Y. Dakin PRES in “the Suaiicaies 1951, issue of LascA LEAVE Financial Report Total Income—July 1, 1950 to

1951

June 30, Subventions s Aliases County: hs. $43,550.00 Memberships 3,985.00 Donations 650.00 Rentals 800.00 Publications 3.00 $48,988.00 Total Expenses 41,160.74 sing tact & Arboretum Equipm 9,709.63 Library rt 68 Prints 5s 458.40 Cash on Hand and in Bank ........ 9,870.98 Total Assets and Net Worth ... 26,039.01

40 LASCA LEAVES s Membershi Broughton memorial collection of flower Membership as of June ngs 1951, paintings and la illustrations was as follow shown to the public on two occasions un coupe hesiiaats 67 der the auspices of the membership com- Annual 151 mittee of the ges re siiowins Ga

anuar : ; Annual Som * held at the Barbour Clubhouse in Arcadia : 11 e are greatly indebted Mrs. Margaret Peiaeiier 9 arbour for her kind donation of the use of the Clubhouse, and her personal assis 266 on the sho

The total of 266 members is an increase of 110 over last year. 52 are garden club s. Flower Show Exhibits:

This we have had an exceptio ally oe “collection of Eucalyptus species oa

° eg size, whic ere u t - vantage in educational exhibits, show lo Show

at the ernie Flow- er Show held April 12th to An exhibit of materials eaei at the

garden tour, sponsored by the Foun- dation, ante hac ed and directed by Mrs. William D. Shearer, was held on February 16, 17, and 18, 1951. The foniowine people very 3rd ously opened their gardens for this event: a Mrs. Manchester Boddy, Descanso aces ens, La Canada. Mrs. Edward R. Valenti tine, San Marino Mr. & one John E. Marble, South Pasa- en Mr. ikis . E. C. Tapfer, San oe Mrs. Franklin Booth, Pasaden r. Morris B. Miller, Puasionn The following garden clubs assisted Mrs Shearer = conducting the Foutidation’s garden t Altaden ne Cone: Club Altadena Foothill Garden Club Chevy Chase Garden Club

sr Section of College Women’s

Teter County Sauce Club

Las Jardinera

The Little Gardcs Club of Pasadena Northwest Garden Club

Pasadena Garden » Club Seeders & Wee South Pasadena Garden Club an Marino Garden Club The Till Displays:

A representative collection of flower paintings from the Charles and Josephine

gallery, the membership comm sored a showing of the Baggies flower paintings on Marc

A selected sient of the Broughton paint- ings were displa at Bamico’s anniver- sary celebration es March 3rd and 4th. Group Tours of the Arboretum:

The Arboretum grounds to the public June 3, 1950. This ed necessary to protect the public against accidents while dangerous work was in progress. This measure also speeded uP

e work going on.

For a short period this year, the work schedule made it possible to conduct, for educational purposes, ernie making s cial arr anes ements to tour the Arboretum

om

oups were Garden wen es Chasen from grade Eheols, hig schools art classes; Boy

tw — c (eo) w K Q Q a] —s = oO > ie) bo nS 0) ° c Ko) n bob) La} La} S355 3S oO Q.

for a conducted tour of the Arboretum Volunteer Workers:

Trustees of the Foundation and ’

mornings at t masking and backing the m ed “se tig of the Charles Snel Josephine Broughton memorial collection of flow¢ er . Besides

5 lo”

terials ae at the Mr. W. Dan Gaattiebaum has

be | great assistance in aiding with the contr

cation of noxious weeds 0 Aveheenens grounds. Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Bergstrom of Sa?

bering have been working on the Arbor’ scrap-book of publicity and news’ —

etum Paper clippings Mrs

gs. Ruth F. Spalding analyzed and prepared a Compilation of Temperature dat :

a

AUTUMN 195-1 41

Movie Studios: Fawcett, E. J. During the ie year the Arboretum F gee ae Dr., through Edwin grounds were used by five studios, _ Ande namely: Cohnnbie Lesser, Monogram, Fowler. “R. _ Nufeld, and Warner Brothers, for shoot- Gravel. Lawrence W. ___ ing scenes to be used in six of their forth- Harris, O. D. ] coming pictures. Hotes, Alfred C. S Radi “oe +s oward, James i adio & Television Publicity: mie, Rinest P., Drs Coste Hits ' Dr. Russell J. Seibert, Director of the Kenne FE _ Arboretum, has been ee on two Lon R. radio programs and one television show, Lorenz, Elmer 3 vada eeery sae one: concerning the ux G. P., Dr. | m. ] [eGah, Bad ie Talks: Macfarland, Mr. John C. : During the past year 28 talks were given lenninger, Mr. E. W. é y members of the Arboretum staff. Of Moore, Mr. & Mrs. Albert _ these talks Dr. Seibert gave 17; Mr. Spald- elson, Dewey E. __ ing 12; and Mr. Nelson 4. All of these ties Nolan, Mrs. Gladys _ Were given to groups who had expressed Donnell, J. M., Dr. . an interest in the Arboretum, and ex- Reidel, Peter * plained the ences. oe the Arboretum Reiter, Victor, Jr. as well as giving so of the historical tose, Mrs. Dan _ background and plats for the future. amms, Charles } she pemecter anvil a a CB. 4 L AVES, a quarterly publication of eibert, Russell J.3bDr, rhs Pousdaten was started in October, hearer, Mrs. William D. imonson, L. N., : pcVews Letter—August 1950 and Decem- Spalding, George H. =! “i Turner, Mrs. Lee Wray ; News Releases—Twelve from July 1, Turner, M fF 1950 6. June 30, 1951. Vosburg, John S _ Exchange Publications: Wamsley, Mr. : \ E D We have established <emange relations ue Frits,” with 59 institutions to date, 34 of whic Went, Frits, Dr are in the United sake end 25 in foreign Withrow, J. F countries _includin rabies Au Cuba f rong Nurser Argentina Feuador eetivan Plant t Life Society ps Bolivi Honduras B-Line Nursery Brazil aly Bodger Seeds, Ltd. Canada eps aes Bureau of Parks, Rochester, N. Y. Czechoslovakia Maxico Coolidge Rare Plant Gardens : Colombia ei Featann Descanso Distributors Costa Rica Puerto Rico rate Scotland Hagen’s Nurse Gif Hans Gubler, Satieerinnd ifts of Plants and Seeds Howard Johnson Nursery Received by the Arboretum: Los Angeles County Nursery Valuable contributions of seeds and Oakhurst Gardens ee ha mF ae received from the fol- Seer i ti ot ie in Nic i : stitut, 2 viduals, organizations and in 5 Scdoral Rapariient Stathn: Andee: Ed Mayaguez, P Arendsee, Mr D. G USDA A agg Introduction Station, Ayres, Samuel Jr., Dr Beltsville, Md. Bergstrom, Harry E. D A Rubber Station, Bernhardt, A. A., Dr. Turrialba, Cos ck, W. Quinn U SDA Soil Conservation Department Bywater, Mary E. Adelaide Botanic Gardens, Adelaide, Carpenter, Earl ustralia aes at, fd; De. Huntington Botanical Garden ietao he Lincoln, Dr. Melbourne Botanic Gardens, Australia ade in, Larry Missouri Botanic Gardens ’ avis, Mrs. Mildred Morton Arboretum, Eiake. in.

42 : EXSCA- LEAVES

National iy acy Gardens, Kirstenbosch, Ss Afri

New York Botanieel Garden

Santa Ana Botanic Gardens

Stribing Arboretum, Golden Gate Par.

University of California at Berkeley University of orm ag at Los Angeles

University of Wachington Arboretum Villa Taranto, Italy Library Gifts: Beadle, Dr. G. W. 2 books, 123 eee Bomhard, Dr. Miriam L. 1 book

Brand, Donald iithér’s reprints

4 author’s reprints Davis, Mrs. Mildred

33 mise periodicals Delkin, A: C.

i ae 2 South Afr pies periodicals Menthe sieht Faweett, Jack esert ear ” 1950 complete pone curr Fosberg, Dr. he 1 pamphlets, author’s reprints. Paster Mulford B. 1 boo 4 gach Giridlian, JM. t “Ferns: British and Exotic,” vols., and 2 books pais Miss Dorothy 2 is “The Fuchsian” Haves “Will d 69 periodicals, 54 plant catalogs rlott

“The Grapevine”

100 periodicals Hodge, W. H.

Howgate, Jam

National Hestara: “Contributions” 5 Hutchison, Paul lb

Kruckeberg, Arthur W. (Kruckeberg Press) books, 177 Danioniets —? orig hee § D. A. Plant Intr Mathias, Dr. Mildred A a 43 misc. publs., pamphlets Munz, Dr, Phili ‘k Union ae af Botanical Books and erlodicals in it raga McVaugh, ae Roger. California 10 repri

Quattlebaum, W. D 1 set “Birds of Eclitornis. ” 2 books, 1 pamphle Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden “El Aliso,” Vol. 2, No. 3 Sauer, Dr. Jon atha Au ue thesis “The Grain nths”

Seibert, Dr. Russell J. 1 boo ‘Kk, 150 ise: aa & pamphlets Smithsonian Institutio Herba bse hie “Contributions” Spalding, Geor 60 plus periodicals

ub, H. P. 13 reprints, pamphlets University of California

oks, 271 Tegapijlets Walker, Wins w M.

1 set “Science” and misc. journals Wright, ae: Janet Fu " se : ke Herb Grower Magazine” o dat

Mésicace, Gifts Received by the

rboretum During the Past Year (exclusive of money donations) : Automobile Club of Southern California 0 maps for Pech wees Harry Sims Be Prontice. -piece wile of LASCA pay oo

Mrs. Ros Collection ae 391. water color oy te gs

ink dra y the late Charles Broughton; a self por trait of hie

tion is designated as the Cha ‘ and Josephine on Memor! q Collecti saga : Henry ees

—

wn

OQ 2, ost is]

fon)

Sa ype eee een eae

sti of paint and two brushes. d Daki

Griswald & Winters Duplicating Equipmen

500 lishoprints = the Master Plan Kruckeber, rg Pre

1 zine cut, Callers Pepper Tree ice | Mr. Ellis Smith, County ae Ange?" Photographs of Arboret :

42 PAS CAS LEAVES

National ponpabgs Gardens, Kirstenbosch, outh Afri New York Bctioten! Garden Santa Ana Botanic Gardens gg Arboretum, Golden Gate ark

Shea of California at Berkeley University of riot at Los Angeles otany Depa Univer aan y of Wassiicion Arboretum Villa Taranto, Italy Library Gifts: Beadle, Dr. G. W. 2 Bonkas 123 pamphlets Bomhard, Dr. Miriam L. book

1 Brand, Donald D. 4a uathor’ s reprints

William M. 6 books, 18 periodicals Cramer, Prof. P. J. S.

33 misc periodicals he C.

Delkin 2 periodicals Evans g

12 South African dan etein Evans & Reeves Monthly publ., “The Grapevine” Fawcett, Jac sn pe Magazine ” 1950 complete curr hit pe Dr. F. R. amphlets, author’s reprints cater Mulford B. 1 book, 4 pamphlets Giridlian, Bea set ‘Ferns: poe: and Exotic,” ooks

2 issues “The Fuchsian” aces. Wi llar 69 cans 54 plant catalogs Hoak, Char 100 pe ain thet Haden. 4 W. H. 1 book Howgate, Jam

National Herbatiun “Contributions” 5 Hutchison, Paul book

1 boo Kruckeberg, Arthur W. (Kruckeberg Press)

82 books, 177 baiipiiits Lux, Dr. r. G. 5 books, U. < D. A. Plant Introd. file Mathias, Dr. Mildred 43 misc. publs., pamphlets Munz, Dr. Philip A.

Union List of Botanical Books and

Periodicals in Southern California

McVaugh, Dr. Rogers

0 reprints

set “Birds of Calternia. ” 2 books,

Quattlebaum, W. Dan a 1 Sauer, Dr, ee ! Author’s thesis “The Grain maranths” | serge Dr. Russell J. 1 book, 150 misc. papers & pamphlets Smithsonian Institution National Herbarium “Contributions” 14

Spalding, Geor ; 60 plus neriadiogly (Oa si

Thorpe, 12 books ‘Lrawb, H. P. 1 rints, pamphlets

University of California 34 papers, pamphlets or

Walker, Wins

tt.

set “Science” and misc. journals |

Wright, Mrs. Janet Full set “The Herb Grower Magazine”

to date

poe Gifts Received by the

m During the Past Year

legiiaiive: of money donatio

ns): Pee as Club of sihadrrae California s for garden Harry Sie ent Frontice-piece drawing of LASCA ne r Plan Mrs.

eK. Boo Collection of 391 water wea sketches el Bee. .

and J mephine Broughton Memoria ollection. Henry Dakin and Bob Fon r Donated time painting ress. also two © cans of paint and two brushes. i kin

Picture frame. oo. & oe Duplicating Equipm

500 lithoprints = the Master Plan Kruckeberg Pre

6000 tickets for Garden Tour Red Star Fertilizer Company

25 sacks of fertilizer

rs. Mira Saunders

Phbieente of papaya trees Dr. Russell J. Seibert E

1 zine cut, California Pepper Tree 4 Mr. Ellis Smith, County * pen Angeles |

Photographs of Arbore .

ae H ea SHIP OF CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, Inc. oe Cl pth fe Gibbs Holloway! i & Mrs. Homer T. : Fyre overs - H. F. Hollywood Garden Club | sie and i oes hae a i oe Society en Clu ou a phate big Soe poe ty ore Seger Dae pte son, Mrs. Willard C eee Bes Society— ee ae Thomas <ee, Mrs. Rose W. A ptr (cys se pet nae — P. <irkley, Mrs. R. W. American Begonia Society— <ohl, Matha, M.D. . Pees Soi Marae i Landscaping Society of Southern Calif. : » Arcadia Leona Club “i “ eaniiie C Garden Club Arcadia Woman’s Club—Garden Dept. Leonard, Robert Z. | Audubon Society, Los Angeles Lindroth, Eric, MD. mee , Mrs. Frank B. Littlefield, J. ; secet = a es ae Garden Club of Pasadena, The Loel, Wa | Barker, Mr. bs so ounce Lorenz, Elmer e, ‘ Los Angeles ounty Medical Garden Cl a roa ier Henry Los Angeles Flora Study Clu oe LS ae Sed ley ne ee Feliz Woman’s Club—Garden Section 2 Z Tr > . Beverly Hills Gand “Club x Macfarland, John ' Bixby, Florence G. oe Fred H.) MacMillan, te las A. 4 Boller, Mrs. Ardene D Mage, Mrs. riggs, Mrs. Sidney Michillinda Carmi Ww : a8 Society, The iller, Hyman, M.D. cok a eee , pace nder, Mr. and Mrs. Douglas N. Miller, James Stewart ; Cane a ag Lou Hest ae age roe: i oeller, Mr. ) Gis “his: ames N Club bused alee ge mag Gurdon Club , 00 a Lucy Mas Modse einai oat < Colby’ a = Mies Hinges Ww. tn ee Ad ne Evan Bat 3 othershead, Mrs. M. W. eee Women’s Club of Pasadena— Mudd, Mrs. Seeley G. arden Section Munro, Mrs. William B | Collier, Fra McCoy, Mrs. Lest 4 oie ¥. McGah, r. and Mrs. Cone tie ee yore a oe Society of America, Inc. re ’ ‘ ollywoo ran f u . . Mthe ee oe McL. National ig one ak aed of America, Inc. i ey Seta ulin, WV cae Fichelberger, Mrs. Ht ML, Jr Owsley, ReWe MB ce — ne acific Camellia Societ feininy Stats ee Riis: " >asadena Audubon Gonety leming, Mr. Louis B raatil eng fersing’ Bie pete ( peti ee W. Dan leming, Miss Mary Lee se ie age orty Planners hodes, Mrs. Jose ph F. alan, “Alber: hodes, Mr. and pa Kenneth arden Planners sisall ates: Deroth ard sell, Mrs. Dorothy apiond ti ee ot ros Auaeles ussell, Roderic H. iridlian J. N : : an Pedro Garden Club raha. At “vn anta Ana Garden cape Club shen . a a iui Schuchardt, William riffeth, Mrs. Claude M chwarz, Marquard ustlin, Clarence : cofield, Mr. & Mrs. George N. agen, Willard cott, Pa Ng. ead Ce eeders & Weeders alta Club ays, ‘Williae Cats eibert, Mr. & Mrs n W. ertri ch, W. ag eibert, Dr. & Mrs. ‘Gruen Be

Snider, Mr. & Mrs

« FM, South Pasadena, The Garden Club of

Southern California Camellia

Southern een Ta Hctinuteosct Institute

Stingle, Geo Stoody, a

ANNUAL Jonge Bauersfeld, ms Fred S. Bent, Ave

O A. Crawford, Mrs. Clarence H. De Ridder, Wm. A

D

Gubler N ursery, Switzerland Hotchkis, P

uhren, Gustof Kaufman, Edward Cu:

Menai Hildegarde Sonim Mc Dowell, Florence Nattzger. Mrs sag ae

olan, John F Owens, Elta C Peer, Mr alph Pinkh Mrs. Roy J

m, Reed, Joseph Reisenauer, Hazel M. wes oO, Roewekamp, Fred W. Sakai, Miss Ros

Spear, Mrs. W. H., Sr. Sullivan, Margaret

Sulzer, Allen B.

. John Van SARE pen, he ck; Ver Harry Von ackieaett Abigail Wat atson, Mrs. Leigh F.

C.

White, Mrs. ne ah Cossitt Wi Aries , Mrs. Hen Wolfskill, John C. ANNUAL CONTRIBUTING Bailey, Wilbur, M.D.

auer, Mrs. Harry J. Booth, Mrs. Franklin Bouton, Mrs. Shecerst Hoyt Brehm, Mrs. J. R. Campbell, Mrs. i W. Casamajor, Mr. Rober Chandler, Norman

Miller, Morris B.

Millikin, Prof. Clark B. McC ib, Mr. & Mrs. Guy R. Nickerson, S. B.

so Valley Garden Clu

Stanton, Mrs. Forrest Q. Wilshire Garden Club

Menninger, eg ee ae E. W. Verdoorn, Dr.

LIFE

White, Dohaia M.

Zinn . Mr. & Mrs. C. J. 44

MEMBERSHIP

Keda Associate Chee ini a et $ 5.00 Annual Membershif 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership................---........ 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership.............-...--2---.-20-+- 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership.............-..22--0-------------+ 250.00 Life Membership 500.00 Founders 1000.00 or more Benefactors 5000.00 or more

CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical Fund,

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a . non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 120 acres of property is in the State of California, which has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years.

Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master plan of the Foundation. Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the public during construction.

Operatep By CaLiFORNIA ARBORETUM FounnaTion: Inc.

WINTER 1952

dactylifera L.

Phoenix

VINYOUITVD - TYNUNOL ATUALUVNO -~ viavouv

on Me. TAT ON TPT OUNT ON CONE 7 nl TNO Pr rr NATIT Lo E : ’ ; r ff ™& re

BOARD OF ‘TRUSTEES -

"CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

Dr. F. W. WENT President

Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR ......Vice-President

Howarp A. MILLER ! Treasurer

Manchester Boddy Mrs. Thomas Fleming

Robert Casamajor William Hertrich

Ralph D. Cornell * John C. Macfarland

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin Samuel B. Mosher

J. F. Douglas Mrs. William D. Shearer John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio

HONORARY TRUSTEES Mrs. J. E. Harton Charles S. Jones Fred W. Roewekamp Roy F. Wilcox (Founded Through the Efforts of the aeuent California Horticultural Institute)

LOS ANGELES STATE and ARBORETUM

STAFF

: Dr. R. J SEIBERT e oe as ...Director _ GeorcE H. SPALDING

c Paonias Meh bres Recorder

Davy B Nino ee naaion . THELMA G. BLANCH i : Secretary : -Janer Wricnr Darcie Oe ee oe

“ed ray ¢ Part ime) - a

A Bits a SS, San a

. attracted much

Several palms gr

a i! u Perlod 1865-

him the development of the

LASCA LEAVES

Quarterly Journal of the

LOS ANGELES

STATE and COUNTY

ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION

R. J. SEmBERT, Editor

VOL. II

JANUARY, 1952

No. 1

DATE PALMS IN CALIFORNIA

Roy W. NIXoN U. S. Department of Agriculture, Indio, California

The first date palms, Phoenix nme Si L., in California were grown fro eeds planted by the founders of the see mis- sions. One of these near the site of the first

mission established in California, at San

Diego in 1769, still survives in 1951, thanks to the protective care that has been given it. This is believed to be the oldest date Palm in California, if not in the entire United States. Date seeds were also plant- ed at other missions along the coast; and

_ the palms grown from them, their number

gradually diminishing through the years,

have been rather striking landmarks dur-

ing past decades, but their fruit has never

attention because in the

onl es ac climate it does not reach ity.

~matu

In the period following the gold rush a W date seeds were anted here and there in e Aebaig: minha valleys ase in ing of occ nal palms sug- gested noasifiliiies for form ‘oularas in these districts. One ae hang first demonstrations of fein production from such

; in the foothills west of Davis, in the Sacramento Valley, where own from seed planted by ton Mibed ps in 1857 were bearing edible

in 1

Willi lam ice who owned the pro Side that is now the site o e

72, was a Bigo takit and had been associated with

Ee Oo

t , that William Nah shear

which add a tropical atmosphere to some _ of the plantings on the grounds of the —

arboretum. The old date palm which leans

over the water at the edge of the lake © ;

near the Reid adobe appears vaguely as a young palm in a photo taken in the 1880's and it was

favorable growing condi

shading, and neglect ee retarded the Py

growth of these date pa

grafted. The only way of propagating va- — rieties is by means of offshoots, or suckers,

to T. Swingle, this was

the neglect of property own In 1890 the U.S. pu ree of Agricul-

ture arranged through correspondence for —

at ° ie) N ° S 'U

Indio, and to F. A. Kimball at National

=

-_

i ae

2 LASCA

‘ ‘

DEAV ES

City. Two known specimens of this impor- tation survive in California, both in Coa- chella Valley. All the palms in the 1890 importation, however, proved to be seed- lings or inferior varieties. None of the best varieties from the Old World were ob- tained until 1900 when W. T. Swingle, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, made an importation of offshoots of Deglet Noor and a few other varieties from Algeria. During the next few years other plant ex- plorers of the U. S. Department of Agricul-

fiver Valley of Arizona, but a few speci-

established in Coachella Valley at Mecca in 1904 and at Indio in 1907 Meanwhile a few pioneers in the Coach-

variety, which he planted near Mecca, Calif., in October 1903. During the next two decades Johnson and others made sev- eral large commercial importations of off- shoots from Algeria, Egypt, and _ Iraq.

Gradually a new industry developed. In 1950 there were 5, 114 acres of dates in

Coachella Valley, there are about 80% of all the date palms and 90% of the total _ date production in the United States.

In the United States the Salton Basin

aig climate where temperatures below

° F. are not of frequent occurrence, and os covers not only the low interior val- - leys of California but most of the southern parts of the state except the higher moun-

tainous districts. There are some seedling date palms scattered throughout most of this area. Even the earliest of the com- mercial imported varieties are seldom like- ly to mature fruit on the Pacific slope, but in some of the foothill districts like San Bernardino, Riverside, and El Cajon occa- sional extra early seedling date palms ripen fruit during seasons hotter and drier than usual. These dates are usually inferior o the best of the commercial varieties, but the fruit is nearly always much rel- ished by the owners and it affords wel- come variety in home gardens.

co

The date palm as an ornamental has been neglected in southern California. In background clumps or as occasional speci- mens strategically located, date palms give a distinct exotic

best way of obtaining plant material. Few people are aware of the great range of variation in the characters of both fruit

throughout the world. In spite of the vari- ation found among seedling dates, it 1s still true that they are more likely to re- semble the parent variety than some other totally different variety. This suggests the possibility and the desirability of obtain-

Date Garden at Indio, Calif., is interested in such a program for the purpose of de- veloping improved varieties for fruit pro duction. Through the cooperation of the — Los Angeles State and County Arboretum and its members interested in testing out new plant material, this program can extended to include plant characters of ornamental value. Any new type of aa palm which may be originated can, course, be propagated as a variety by means of its offshoots, or through its the desired characters may be reproducet ; in varying degrees and combinations. The possibilities are well worth exploring. .

Ate

-

Shall be k Annex

WINTER 1952

LUX ARBORETUM ANNEX

R. J. SEIBERT

November 30th of this year, California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., received an outstanding gift of 154 acres of land from Dr. George P. Lux of Clover-Crest, Mon- rovia. The land, located in the City of Monrovia, is situated in Clamshell Canyon, Clover Crest and Cloverleaf Canyon. The property is accessible from the U.S. Forest Service Clamshell road, and adjoins the Angeles National Forest. Along with the deed to the property, the Foundation has received ee water rights of Dr. Lux. Water or the erty comes from a rah) a : seampee Parad which, even during t mer, have continued oer rigethe ne yield of cold, clear, pure Under the agreement be vicnni Dr: Geo Lux and California Arboretum Foundation, Inks the main parts will be of inter Lux will be ohn to continue his ‘yestienee on the prope 2. The Foundation has os to pay Dr. Lux the sum of $160.00 per month for life. 3. Dr. Lux shall sae the right to con- Pee hy growing res ring for such plants as he may desir . The Foundation has the right to ma tal n and manage the property and has all rights to the plant materials. growing ereo

The property shall be devoted to the ene of Horticultural Science, and nown as the Lux Arboretum

roups interested in the culti-

vation of alent wai pad privilege of visit-

to tim can for the

a

Clo fh native Oak, Maple, hiniaeet and Laurel,

ing the Lux Arboretum Annex from time pit oe of Wipecting and theneene the plant and bird life growing

The Lux Arboretum Annex is in frost- free foothill zone of the San Gabriel

canyons Sit County left eet: by hed in a luxuriant wth of

it has been untouched by man or fire for 65 years and so it should remain for the present and future generatio Approximately 10 acres hae been ter- raced and irrigated. This portion having been devoted to Dr. Lux’s hobby of 35

years standing during which time he has ~

cultivated his horticultural and botanical collections, derived from many parts of the world. As a cooperative experimenter of the U. Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Exploration and Intro- duction, x has been the recipient of well over 1100 foreign plant introductions, — sent him by the government for trial in | the Los Angeles are

In addition to his valuable co of

as fruit trees, Am is, Cacti, Iris, Le anders, Bamboos, Epiphyllum, Pyracantha, — et any types of naturally drought re- © ser plants e demonst ated ie

® G

Ghanrva tine:

State and County Arboretum in Arcadia:

f

nS

1. The two properties are located only 5 miles from each other, making both | places easily accessible to the Arbore- _ tum staff. 6 2. The plantings of rare e plants ge the 3. The Lux property presents soil types 4 differing from the Valley soils in Arcadia. 4. A frost-free area greatly widens the

4 LASCA LEAVES » uch plants as are adaptable to other _Until the Arboretum Foundation has ful- Pest free foothill areas of Los An- filled its obligations of developing the Los geles County. ngeles State and County Arboretum in readia, and until such time as Phe apse 5. The presence of relatively smog-free funds, and endowments are raised to se- pockets n the Lux Arboretum An- cure the future of the Arboretum, it will nex will widen the amount of kn not be possible to more than bas cally edge through experimentation con- mainte the grounds side Papeete 7 _ . i leran f plants. ux Arboretum Annex is hoped, ho oe oe ever, that with this wonderful donation of 6. The Annex presents to the Arbore- land and plants that other far-s

tum a representative area, both hill

?

s covered with

made changes

TO THESE WE HuGH It is to relatively few people that Cali-

fornia is indebted for the exotic material we hav

am San Francisco. Mr. A was a native of Alsatia, coming to t ma years ago. He introduced to the state a

é eley, has i n On the sub- ject of plant introductions extending back - I think to the 1850's.

; 893 Dr. Francesco Franceschi ar- rived in Los Angeles from . Italy. Dr. Franceschi was a member

frica, ertake s r operation. _ Among hundreds of his introductions, here are a few of the best:

ee ~~ ° . ngeles County and Southern California.

ARE INDEBTED

EVANS

Acacia obliqua Acacia podalyraefolia Bauhinia grandiflora Bauhinia tomentosa Bocconia frutescens Cissus capensis Dombeya natalensis Feijoa sollowiana Genista monosperma Harpephyllum caffrum Lippia repens

tifoha stigmaphyllon littorale Taxcdium mucronatum Tipuana tipu

the park ucti

oday. ong : ‘ions, most of them according Mr. Walther before 1925, are the following*

Bice

four : inches a. variety of auger sizes is available for

WINTER 1952 5

Abelia floribunda Buddleja salvifolia

fe she retic ee Ss purpur Clethra ah Ona ig

2 aeipaich pe abet hig (Syn. v: Pia cae.

Hoheria populnea var. Osbor

Lagtecpertatn scoparium ag ie Be ra

Leptospermum scoparium var. Keatleyi Magnolia Campbellii

Nothop

Pencdneees a Lesson

Ehododendron “Betty ee: Rhododendron Fos

Rhadtdesidron “Oils. Tr jumephe? Rhododendron Nuttallii

Tristania laurina Ass (Hebe) “Autumn Glory” : ther has charge of the botanical garden (Steybin ng Arboretum) in Golden Gate Park and

ducing ale plants met with no let-up or hindrance

n another ee unless ite readers are ie ect, as they eho not be, I hope to ntion a few ore i- who ae entitled to ae and recognition for their labors.

THE HOLE PROBLEM

R. J. SEIBERT

Any lover of trees, sooner or later, be-

onal tree i the actual mechanics of planting to be fun, relaxation and good clean exercise. To the large scale planter, be obbyist, or- chardist,

expensive item ast re after transplanting a

. Such

in

_ Mecha mae hole diggers were investi- gated, of which a variety is available for a variety of uses conditions. The ty chosen i

Y One man, and digging a hole twenty- Saya in diameter up to thirty-six h.

this attachment, should the need arise. A

sma

_ A brief study of the economics involved |

dug per hour with our hole digging attachment.

i

|

possible when the planting hole is too 4 1.

average a

\ plants | as a e _ plants in the family Proteaceae require ex-

6 LASCA

Be a To Wee : |

LEAVES

Under the same heavy soil conditions one man did well to average six holes of ample size for five gallon plants per hour of sustained digging.

The operating cost of a tractor with its attachment including: cost perator, epreciation, insurance, etc., is abou

least twenty-five cents per

ole. We consider a minimum saving of fif-

We shall be digging some twelve thou- sand holes a m in the next

the tractor available for discing, mowing and the many other uses to which it is put at the Arboretum.

GROWING NOTES SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS

GEORGE H.

South Africa and Australia are two of

iT ~ =]

4)

ita ern, Cali- fornia than those from the summer rainfall area.

For example, most

ent drainage, and soil which is on the

SPALDING

eems logical that many South plants would grow well under the same_ conditions required b of our Cali-

lar conditions of a definite wet and dr season The above indicates how much we have to learn about the cultiva

uced for our use and enjoyment.

Honors for the most spectacular of flowering plants in South Africa

probably have be ided among t roteas, Aloes, and that group of sever genera known the Mesem:

bryanthemums. Con

part. Information concerning the c tion of this group of plants is quite sketchy ; is available is widely sca ter

= sot oo

tells of the attempts which have _ made to grow this plant group in GT

group would

|

- soil whic

Britain. Unfortunately, most of this plica

WINTER 1952 i

in-

teaceous plants need a coarse, well- drained is on the aci nde. Tt is probably

- questionable whether commercial fertiliz-

ers or fresh manures should be used. In their native habitat many grow in what oor, rocky "salt. In the past had led growers to believe that poo soil was essential. It is this writer’s eat ap that at least some o e species will do well ‘with plenty of humus provided the location is well drained and the texture soil is coarse and open. At e

Arboretum we are Beg to if » ihe as many species of this group a ssible, and we will be continually a eating with soil mixtures, and expan: ny con crete results will be reported in Lasca Leaves vee: ipo have been thoroughly substanti

In wae country we grow several Aus- s of the

e degrees at LaCanada the win sal of 1949. This tree is often short lived and we are informe d that this is also

{ ‘eee iA South Africa

enera Protea and Leucospermum

, oan F isco, none the many species in these two genera is ntry. It is to be hope that the difficulties faced in growing this 8roup ca e overcome tha r gar dens and par y be enriched by them = are beautiful on two counts,

rees

tee 48 Fohid feet). All hav lies striped or miottin’ various abies of edie white, or red-

dish purple. Members of the lily family, they carry their flowers in spikes of bell- shaped

an interestin tion Bere ntly. dam

water during the summer is most ideal. Mesembryanthemum was once a genus of about a thousand species. In recent years,

botanists have re-defined this large group

and broken it ‘oe into quite a large num-

orange, yellow, pin

ornia. ecently re- ceived seed of some of the shrubby types which our source r ake very strik-

opes that t will prove themselves ere because they would be an outstanding addition to ou n hat ore

too fussy as to soil, needs little water, and asks only for sunny situation in which to live?

ther cit of plants which is well — represented is e species of Erica found in South Aiiee range from herbs to smal en: but the m

recently published ‘Flor Peninsula” by on and Salter. This book is highly recommended to anyo ae.

minute protuberance, we begin = what a vast area South Africa really is.

as) EASC A

LEAVES

and the most probable reason for their not being more generally grown here is that they are considered difficult subjects to w, plus the very important factor of gd

t

ini f soi : rboretum, intend to grow as large a col lection of South African Hea as po sible; they will be grown under carefully

_ hybridization aimed at developing a hardy oriferous strain well adapted to condi- tions in Southern California.

Daisy), Dimorphotheca, Helichrysum (Ever- _ lastings), Senecio and Cineraria, to men- _ tion but a few. The members of this large _ family are valuable for many garden uses and not a few are valuable florists’ items

to report that several of them are growing

well. We should be able to report on them

_ within the next year

The Leguminosae, or pea family, is rep- repented by some very beautiful shrubs

little over a year old, from seed. Several species of Virgilia are also being grown although,none has bloomed to date.

_ flowers in blue, lavender, white, and yel- _low. Some of them are attractively marked

at the base of the petals. Also in this group is Gladiolus, too we nown to need fur- — ther mention; Ixias and Sparazxis in bril- —

Freesia in all colors of the rainbow an very fragrant; and Watsonia in shades of © : : )

m family which are too little known in our gardens. Quite a few are available at nurseries or from. specialists. Most of them —

e showy and worthwhile.

The fore-going remarks show that the South African flora can contribute many — plants of value to the Southern California — landscape. Trees for highway, park, and street planting, and most of them small | enough to be very satisfactory in the small garden. Ground covers and soil binders which will give bright color in season and remain green the balance of the yeal. —

is 4 issue, I should like to leave a thought with © Many writers seem to strive diligently ©

tle known plants. This does not mean We— should try to grow plants which obviously ’

—

sincere belief that if more peop ew follow this line of thought, the variety ; interest in Southern California gard would be tremendously increased.

Apaval ‘ok ies Rincon t

kK | SSN

~ Annual M i 10.00 Annual Contributing Scab onkin Pie Naacl cant iar ues 25.00 Annual Sustaining MIGIMIDETSR Yio sae ad 100.00 Annual Sponsor PCOIORSDS nk ence 250.00 Life Membership 500.00

1000.00 or more

Founders

Benefactors

5000.00 or more CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount,

from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME TAX Law:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical Fund

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is

operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and

managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the

Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the

120 acres of property is in the State of California, which -~

has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master plan of the Foundation. Because of safety hazards the _ Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. Interested clubs may arrange for group conducted tours _ of the senna Kee hip sit the Arboretum Office, DOuglas %.

; Overateno By CatiFrornia ARBORETUM FounpatTion, Inc.

Lasca Leave

4 Plants Suitable

CALIFORNIA

for Parking Lot Plantings |

in

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

Los Angeles

LOS ANGELES ‘count ARBORETUM

ARCADIA

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

President

Dr. F, W. WENT. Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, jr

Vice-President

Howarp A, MILLER

Treasurer

Mrs. Lawrence Barker

Mrs. Harry J. Bauer Manchester Boddy Robert Casamajor Ralph D. Cornell

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin

J. F. Douglas

Mrs. Thomas Fleming William Hertrich

John C. Macfarland Samuel B. Mosher

Mrs. William D. Shearer

John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio

HONORARY TRUSTEES Mrs. J. E. Harton Charles S. Jones Fred W. Roewekamp Roy F. Wilcox (Founded Through the Efforts of the Southern California Horticultural Institute)

LOS ANGELES STATE«¢ ARBORETUM

Dr. R. J. SEIBERT

GEORGE H. SPALDING

Louis B. MARTIN

Research Assistant

W. QuINN Buck

J. THomas McGan

Pro pagator s @

Plant Recorder

Dewey E, NELson

Custodian

THELMA G. BLANCH

JANET WRIGHT

LY ecretary

__.... Research and Library (Part time)

MEMBERSHIP

Annual Associate Membershir $ 5.00 Annual Membershit 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership..........................- 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership................20-.0.-..----. 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membershif 250.00 Life Membership 500.00 Founders 1000.00 or more Benefactors 5000.00 or more

CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME Tax Law:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical Fund. :

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a_ non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 120 acres of property is in the State of California, which has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years.

Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master

pLANT ITAB Pp ELES C iIViC C ENTER AREA

RETU M PUBL M FOUN . ICAT DATI oy ION ON, IN LANT , Laitor N ae 3 Ter | : kes _ SPEC! No. 2 33 | GROWTH HAB Cc. sn vd | I | tAc ia bailey: = = 3 Baa » § | Se FOLIAGE ei Pekin gigas es 3° |g ee | z A “Acacia pr veacolia —|_—_ sara _ banee EE eke 5 S | FLOWER eH Ainet nan P cia acanpenele Sap Gege | o | R WE | 4 caci tha earl a + im = 2s bi > oe 1S Y | sy R | i ¢) UO fe) wl a i i a sali Acaci ) oe: by peek ie IME tfaedi tA align cia Tx pons Sese SEEs 3 ORS 4G Oo og mos Pe | De eects Frosty Wattl xx x ——— mei tals | nowrH BF! © <n Bb PL tAcokanter ae = x | —— Rae fe S52 BS os go | | cs a | ped cokanth Ta spectabi : | Golden w eS 7 -— enero Fa Q Oo Fy a 23 3 “ > wo Me Q| = i (MIN A : aa ey ‘Hairy reath Wattle He a X srgempniar nae Ba ga ge uae g | | WIDTH) | STAFF O Aila m arbo _ | wi Wattle x | ad SAGES as » 28 5 g | | PLAN | F LO PRE peeitoes ait rou |Winter-sweet ad oan “ Has SSn86 a sapElse ee eg B | | «ae aaa | S ANGELE PARED By ing oe pashan’ a = x | x Ix saa A gee | ied mn 4 2 EE 2 - E ; f 3 E “oe | | NCE S STATE — s (Hybri _Aeoni = | > ae Xx x x te RESSEES a Bi i me E AND Calli illea “S of Heave ! Baer T amt a es BE gis 8 § BN +e . | Phili wledgme ARBO S B xX x iis = ~~ il tem an Di ush n ; — Ein 5 2 (NM © & ¢ 4 ip E nit RE Cc on Die y Arc x i x 1 Ein o Zi tO i . Ch o the TU ercis sili lanceo go Red” Des totis Xx | x x x x el. <3 mae im sO gue a ee be 3 | Mi andler followin iM "Che siliqu latus ert B . | ix iX a | i | X X | "eee | A + & Lv et mG x % i i ildr d amae astrum Bo aileya } x x X bad | x ’ x / yen" ot 1 % Sf + ’ _ in iO | e Davi § collab Chrysa hops: humnfl & spp Cc a | x * | ie 3 x Eee eee | rae “4 — ke : =P an 6 oe - D orators: iis santhe ili : | Cri | | | [x ».4 | i See . Mi : 'Cist ithemum imson Bot : | X = x x See 3 xX aa F S| r. Mildred tc crispus maximum Judas Tre tlebrush x X | x x < x x x x. x rae tex. | | x pated Donald P Peggy Mathias et et * e | 4 } | | | | H | ; a = se | . . — aay Marconi” a | : » eee | x x Xx |x x Xx ts xs x XX ae = — | ie i Woolley Sullivan Cras ue nema rigs Daisy | ix a x x | = x x ea * | ag = x | x : | x | Florife Sdaleonia VA ‘Cups ule aig oe R | xX x X x be | x Ee ? = : b 4 XX x X X | Gray oe a NER UE : . a anacardioi iolet Tru ocerOe x x | x | = x x x x ‘ x Fra iage, yello ee uw dio Cc m xX f X| : oy 4 x X gran w f pressus ides rassul petvin a x Xx bi xX x xX t lower B Dodonea arizonica Silve a ¢ en eS 3 Ee fe x X x x X ef x | xX | Showy, yell s "Bale, ads ‘REMARKS 3 viscosa sii ; Crassula x x | X x. x X x ' XXX x <b ma ae x x Showy, lar a fragrant f | ws early bl pruning, ial nt S_ : ie si : Ari — | ES b= | eos x x XXX x | = Weepin ge, yellow f intl | One of Fite von ant of poo: ee rizona C x X | ieee: | xx x x x = XX B g shrub lowers An st of all r conditi mmc Gi ypre x | | x x < x x rons | An exe neaet a ur sh : i | | ekg X| Ze, oli er = whe Hon | Hee XX Be x x x XxX < = aoa Evergreen £ iage “Seems t g bloomer ilver ush x eS | x | bx x Xx x xX xX ent oliage o withs berry x 4 | x x xX xX x X X Colorf , green foli | Flower tand oth Organ Escall x 7 | x 4 xx Xi ex x x aes x oe St aacdpod icon veliaw t | Powe ameihe tri i eck ches Guadalu onia x x x X Ix x x xix x xi x x xX - iant ay iowees 1 Ve rh feamrant, # iP ped’ Be eee Ri pe Palm x x | x x} x x ray foli | Very tqletem ruit re owy. L ver Red G x a xX x x x x xx x xX =a oF x Z x | a ice iage, woolly | Very tal 5 OF auioe ak owe aban poleits = Lem um X X = X|x re , yell eran orab La ous 5 malo ‘Si =, Scented G x x x xX xX i D4 xX : xX x x a4 xX a ow, showy Needs full suckers le conditions tex poisonous a ees P — um 4 x 1X | x = x : x x xX Sprin small ¢ | Very tol , needs li = ey a. x x | x i. = x | xx eos ai bloom = One of erant of dro ight prunin n a ar . ougainvi "Redbox E Eucalyptus = x —— * Bet Se: XX i Bas = = x X Good ge white Dal Stand pues BOS gations | Sil ucalypt x x xt ~ ) x x ai | bab ae x ».¢ folia: aisy fl s some alkali , easy to tr. = ver Mountai us ' x > x x es x x x | 7] x x = ‘ Evergre ge—bloom owers Tolerant shade i tolerant. ansplant urel Ironbark = x x Es ~ oe ars XX x x % x x x Succul shiny gray f ag SEnCes Arid lovi ny tiene 82 Climbi Ficus x ee x ——— L% x i x c ent shin oliage Wi St ing; good fi wei hs ing Fi x x ee 4 , j x x ae x lean y gree inter ands fille icin ig xx = . Xxx ae 4 x - x ; = . x | = x tah evergreen pee foliage Wint fl. | Very shade and bh r for poor soils : 54 Loe gre iage er ough orth Maidenhai x x x x Ls. x x ' x ara en conifer neat form a bers’ walls, als ae 3 : x - x * g | 2 | 5 XX : had | = x xX exgrecm Fh Ber LY oe » oo . _— = x x ee Pe xX xX |x ae Be: |_| x ag e mee ig sins colored Sonea Vey tat ustralian a ae x | ‘x ees x x x x nse foli green foliag oo ntried but should a ata tree S xx | s a x | x x xX oy eee © | x x | x x = x x Hpenie a ee Salk i should ie valuabl erez ; x | | i ntere a ‘ e j Stati - x = xX >.< | x | x xX XX x a x S cresting form Wi tough be valuab ecorative frui Bull ce x x xX xX xX X| aed x kylin —£ ill stand le—d fruit oad ba > ce x ie | xj x | es x ae 5 elie hin bark a ee ecorative fruit jeput | x x Pa | | ae | xx | | resting f , white sm | ee arin clean Prickl — x ¥ x a si xx Xx | : x Eee ae see as | Pendulou orm gray f ooth bark dures alk cunket Um y Paperb: x x x | X xXXXX a gee s } | x | Flowe s habit, pink oliage Tender o aif; heat and brella ark x | x oe | xx See: xX za | rs, deco flower .P nly whe smog China x ee. x x oe | <a | Xx Inter rative 5 rune t n you x | Xx x x | X| ee: See | esting f three ti M o retain ES aol A x <= xx Sake ealhes | Ix x ‘Sil oliage mes a edium zayen = x x 2 are es = = X |X KX X | x & * x : Pp ver-gray folia : year | Mak sized tree ile foliage = x ~~ x x ws ‘Xx X endulo iage én excel —_tolera -=* x = x | ! x “2 x | xX XxX x x | Neat us habit, m | Stands lent clipped Se x x (x | pa } i | -_ i x eve teresti prun hed ’ alkali x x iw e | x xX “ | xx ix | | Clingi rgreen folia ing bark og ing to retai ge & spec i, etc. x x xX x x LS ».4 Rs x X X x - X|X X = x Cc ing evergre ge | Long ard to retai nes juvenil imen—Ext x | xX XX x x Bese x XxX e XXX x Sd x |: ae xX XX) aes flower en wall cover | _ Exe ‘Seney in juvenile f —— ra tough New x x | x % = x | x xx | | | all foli : ellent s eeds w oliage od ecommesdae xs | = = = | | x XX X xX xx | x x | 2 “Yell iage color, in ' Fairly slo ubject tor ¢ ater until e ‘Tohies Pitts Flax x x x Bek: | e Loy ee: ae ae a ow bloom , interesting br | Good w to start, ac ron stablished ak Mock x 2 X X X xX xX x |x be x by = x X X x X | Interestin loom ery tolerant ‘hs “6 ci akaane ious roots Cat Podocarp oe 4 = Xx x x X x be 4 | xX X | x x x * | xX | | _ Pyramid g form, white Good filler of fumes, pest us x Be 4 pee ee 4 | Se | & x | Bi al conife flowers | Exeelle schon x x xX x >. >.< | IX 4 4 oom—f r, nativ nt gro x 2 | xX | x = = Vee xix mos | ae x | Gloss liste j ee oe x < x a | | x|x xx y folia ‘D nk cov = x xX xX i x 4 oe In ge, 1 _ Drow h er x x xX x [x x ».4 X X x Pe X x x | teresting thi , sarge white i G ght resista | r a, s White x = | x x x x x > x si xX | pe x x x | Umbrell papery bark— , frag. folia erin growl faster wi : x xX 4 x ix x x | a form fl ge Vv ng ith White Pota eee | Xx x | | x x 2 | | | z Summ small we ery tole — 3 sae Hone ne x x x = = = | = a= x x. 7x xs x x xX Inter er flowers — | Very | Wi eysuckl x 7x xX | x estin ‘ ing c Vi rant | Mexican : x x ee ez | be x ee | | x | Evergre ese Sot aie pee fone’ Hi Seca x x _ XX x | en gl red fru ‘Sh +e r 2% es | x x x1: x x x x | Inte glossy foli it, ed rub or Shiny x, anpalm Sa x tees x x xX be x xX |xx * x) x = | = | 0 resting form age vine ible Hot dry ae with s | x. | x Be are , yellow ocati ucke mo x x x 4% > Ix x x|: KX Hise | Ko = Tro -red trumpet fl epee — — st x x x x x | | pical fea owers Ho r, exce rant - x x e x xX | _ Ix x x | x 5 ae Se x | x id s | Strap-lik ther palm. ae one et Im x x on | x x eo spe ‘D e folia | Colorfu itions ce cove aneecmane x xX X oo ».4 x iX x 2 Ge et } x XX xX | x | ark green ge, tropical ef | Kasil 1 fence an or water— el very tol = xx = s | | x ¥ ie < X| & x = x | xX X | Fragrant : accent, Berries fect Q y grown b d wall cove wide toleran erant x a m x IX | - XX | Pendul loom, col and Flowe uite tough ut slow z - X XXX - Xx Ix x x a eS > | Durabl habit, fine — aon mai * . x xX | Ts | x z . | x Ww thi ae evergreen foli | Usetul ca pemect t x x = oS o 4 x Be | inter be n foliage iage Better i shrub o Aphi x x x x xx x = > Eve rries, sprin tter in so or tree s when ov x xX i i | x x rgreen foli g flowers | | Withsta me shad er-wate zx } x | x| 3 <1 = | Succulen oliage, light N nds abus . = ok = x x XX x X i > | Broom- rf t foliage, yell yellow Fis. eeds attentio e xx 4 ace: x | ee , yellow- Se ionce end 1 ning ae os ae ses | = | Orange-r —— pea flowers V ar en a x x | Fa ed flowers ery tough bank co od barri x x n palm Fenc and dr ver er hedg: x x x : tes | e cove ough e x | > 4 x shi slender f _ Fence an = better w r loving an al ith | oe eg hiny li ght palm | Slow bank cover water and li oe tropical 1 ronze foli _ Very res » long li shade | Interes ooking iage istant ved, h tin | Excell of unf eat tol oa form— ent lo avorab. eran large Fi. _ Smo w maskin, le condi spikes_|Ve Dod wd wal a : S ery tolerant sistant

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Le USCA ~ Leaves

CALIFORNIA

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COUNTY fA

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CADIA

Peruvian Black Walnut

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SUMMER 1952

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LASCA LEAVES

Ouarterly Journal of the

LOS ANGELES

STATE and COUNTY

ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION R. J. SEIBERT, Editor

VOL. II

JULY, 1952

No. 3

COLD RESISTANCE OF SUBTROPICAL ORNAMENTALS VERNON T. STOUTEMEYER Division of Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture College of Agriculture, University of California—Los Angeles

Little published information is available

state is entirely free of ny locations, bei Satptra Ss well below haere can be expected at ir- regular intervals. n uninterrupted succession of severe 49

some echoes 6 hibis-

ters will probably encourage entice a thee Poh s nurseries have published mini- mum e temperatures in their catalogs. The eter 1937 Nursery catalog' pre- i t

unusually severe | of that year

eld’ has given closely sim-

ardiness of various common ornamental plants. The stand- ards used for evaluation of cold resistance ave not been — clearly by th au- thorities. On e other aad. Biniler, Simpson and Wennens classified the plants acc cording to the degree of injury, mak-

e weather poneinee prevailing in the

vicinity of West Los Angeles during the winters of 1947-48 and 1948-49

to the freeze, and the plants were

or crancini eam these are omitte pate ~ discussio

arly season “of 1947-48 offered a good ampere nity to observe the critical temperatures which —— tips oticed on certain

ith a temperature of

ber ll and on De-

ange of one to three degre e freezes of 1948- 49 also came oie a with the

on January 3-4, 4-5, and 9-10,

10 LA SiC A

LAV ES

lowest temperatures on the first night. uring the night o January 3-4, tempera- tures o . were recorded for one hour.

a recorded = several nights following night of January 3-4. O

show up for several we The 1949-50 freeze occurred on Decem- rm

f xpected on a given species of plant varies on ear to year. In this

h

instance the ive condition of grow and possibly also the low dew point were ajor ctor the severity of the a

The observations recorded and sembled by the author include only thes sites in which minim temperatures were recorde d in the oy eee = vicinity. of the a

ie oat tempera- ose furnished by local nur- botanical names, bt pais

Sable. “follow those ante by Bailey

S ob- in the 1948. 49 vi the queen palm, anzof fianum (Cocos plum- osa) showed foliage injury. e other common palms did not. The beautiful amethystina, Bas not common and is considered to be

sie ena were close to 20°F. It may r than generally believed when well etabhined. Phoenix rupicola, Phoenix

reclinata, and Jubaea spectabilis likewise were not seriously injured at the sam pee ures. | calyptus—Most of the Eucalyptus grown were not seri-

ously affe y temperatures down to 0°F. Eucalyptus ficifolia lost much wood of the tops at this minimum in January

ops 1949, but recovered we _ eladocalys (E. t

noticeably at this” temperature ome injuries were observ: on E. citriodora, . Lehman cinerea, although Binder et ‘al! recorded EH. cinerea as un- | touched below 20°F. t in the colder areas, all

only on. A. panteorfill |

at Spproinntcly 20°F.

Jasmines—All of the jasmines commonly _ un

minum sambac which were

in areas where exceedingly s : ed. The occ urrence of this i plant in usually be suitable for he growing of rather tendefl plants. : Ferns me venueble data on the com: beatin » hardin s of ferns was obtained by Roberts yen rietor of a nurser 4, cializing in ferns in Palms, California |

3-4, 1 These plants heated lathhouse, and it is possible th injuries have been

es

ures. Howe

showing sli la atycerium alcicorne, ed Prous: Pelypodium eum, Pol; syn knightiae, Polypodium mandianu The root os showed no in

tum altadena, Asplenium Siaditd- ase falostum,

Davallia

S$ UM M ER: 1 95 2

japonica, sabes ose platyphylla, Nephro- dium hertipes (Dryopteris Ships es), Ony-

olystich 1 sii, Pteris cretica, Pteris aes pind ie cite teris ouvrardii, Pteris parkeri eri tremula, ve olopendrium phe ( Phyllitis

scolopendrium).

The erior hardiness of the tw species of Divkoonih among the tree ferns ite Alsophila or Cibotium species may be

ced. Observations by Binder et al‘

seis varying degrees of injury to s species of tree ferns before tem- Pekanubes reached 20°F.

vario

ately a great many 0

Vines—Unfort the finest evergreen foliage and flowe gro southern Cali

ona of the probable retreats to site is s paviewinay in ortan

Ta information on vin

ble I presents : SURETY of oo

Snes ienialnsitblias ata sua.

TABLE I COMPARATIVE COLD RESISTANCE OF VINES

Beaumontia grandiflora 24°F. Bougainvillea spectabilis 18 Bougainvillea (most vars.) 25 Cissus capensis 24

The three papers by Jones (8, 9, 10) con- ourc

oe an portant e of ‘horticul- : al informati on vines, including pace Ho ; latter is com

Srowth of stems for full Soli of maximum hardiness of the vine Table I shows that relativel f y few ev green flowering _vines are available fe

ps ea having minim e

bes F less re) bignoniaceous mbers, Clytostoma callistegioides ig-

nonia violaceae), Do unguis-cati.

and Pandorea pandorana were potable for

Arm-

30 18

Evans

& Reeves 25°F

25

Observed Effects Following inimum Tempera’ Butter- Severe h Inj

field Ss 21°F.

20 me 28 24 Sida 25

24

26 15 ne 15 aaa i 21 ee 26 24 21

24 i 26 27 21 27 25 si 26 he 27 18 Se

Injury Injury

ie 21(ap.) 26 Ss 27-21 sis ks 21 25 she a a1 24 21 ae 21 21 si 26 oe 25-21 Sed sa 21 sas 21 sek 21 27-21 25 25 wie 21 ees bee 21 me 25 27 ais 25 21

cold {poy all withstanding 20°F. or ssibility of oo eding as

less.

ri

means of i colder areas poe d not "be Geek oked.

reasing the 1

rvations on shrubs and

t of S vines for

trees made fe)

The observations are shown in Table II, and those for trees Table III. In these tables, “slight injury” indi- cates injury to tender ap wth or tips of stems only. “Sev = icates

nl ry a amage i Ssbeongra a sotlone or even to

the w The deve: Ppieneatan in the tables shows —

12 LASCA LEAVES

TABLE II COMPARATIVE COLD RESISTANCE OF SHRUBS

Observed Effects Following

and sever sec

of nurserymen indicate a Sart cu a ch adverse influence of frost accompanied ow on tender peli

portant hater: with plants in other groups

Arm Arm Vans Minimum Temperatures Ken lon ce atl & Butter- Severe Sorress , ; 1937 1951 Reeves field sil aie Injury Injury Abutilon vitifolium 20°F. 24°R ine ori l oeeeenners my eon age eas ey 24 21 dinea) i 3 Ath parviflor: eo 22 Lae ce 25 ° Eateoerons ; bc thes a 24 ie ie 21 27 ase ‘Bouvardia eibatr 25 27 ae 27 22-26 27 _ Brunfelsia c Saivcina foribiinda URN Grlno nate neared 20 20 20 20 se 24-21 dra inaequila ee 21 (killed)... _ Calliandra Tweedi 20 18 15 aoe 21 Cassia splendida 20 20 22 ee Set Ses 25 Cestrum elegans atic oS ai nae 26 Cestrum nocturn 15 22 Se eee 26-21 pa Chamaelaucium gc iad be Te 22 he ee es 21 -Chorizema variu 20 oe re 21 are 24 Se osendron myricoides Be ace 25 ie aa 25 occulus laurifolius 22 25 oa aes) a0 21 “peal so a EAE sr ARE DE eye ane eae ay 20 20 eet a = 21 Coleonema pulchrum. ..........0.......... ae 22 ae we ay 21 Coprosma » Bega k igo a es ea 20 oy he aw 26 ben : bea 20 ae ree ee 21 ape 18 ae 22 oA Srotwiavis ae Mo ate ca 25 a 26-21 27 Duranta stenostachys _.. 24 24 24-21 27 Eranthemum nervosum 24 24 oe ae 1 os: enacts pulcherrima ___ sis 28 aes 27-21 (killed) _... () aaets Aone 22 18 24 aa nee es 21 Fatsia Tanpaite Oh as te eR ate 15 an ap rie 25 Fuchsia (Tender vars.) 2s 22 ae 22 oT ee Gardenia mystery .__. a 15 2 ire fae 21 eee SOOM cca ee 20 Be oe Ee iiss oe Grewia caffr. eRe 18 une 18 = 23 oe ibiscus Rosa-sinensis .... 20 22 24 - 26-21 27 peep a sanguinea SN ee ay, Sete 20 22 24 is a. as 25 Kunzea sericea ....... iat Be 22 oe Ss 25 can nar ae ve 22 26-21 a Leptospermum laevi atum mine 15 ie 15 ie 21 Leptospermum scoparium Gayl 15 nee oe we 21 eta ae “exotica ce 20 2U 20 22 = 26-24-21 : Dee eee BAN REBON Semler enon cS ons vnc wtinoieboact cccnsttaceaaye oes 20 ia ai ais 1 Meprmene MIMCATA 300 ok sy oe Baer a 20 21 See maltino RR EET RES ie uae Es 20 Ss ee 25 ‘ig ee SBR os Sl pirera ene eo abe ne en an 24 24-21 26 oe _ Poly. Deiniaisinnn 3. 2 20 EE ” ei 25 Rondeletia cordata ars 26 a6 27-21 25 Ge Solanum Rantonnettii 25 ce 24 26 24 #8 24 Strept Jamesonii ©... 29 dee 29 «21 (icilled) Saks : thus tas speciosus BUN es Saat 24 25 eee PEPIVInie oe eS OA ee fe 2 “94-2 i . Tibouchina semidecandra 22 28 _ - : (killed) vas Turraea ee si Toes etc stina once zits 18 26 24 a! 24 ee 95 Xylosma sen secteleee a 15 10 a £3 ae 21 that although some damage may such as many of the California nativ Tete at t belch abbr tg mere than ‘thos plants or Mediterranean plants, articls ted as for the particular species, larly those having sclerophyllous or grey- I means f iacincde § are ay re- tomentose fo : is an unwor liable and should be ex o cover a_ field for ecological study. T : oe of con: _ greater numbe la trolled laboratory techniques would pre- — One possible explanation _ the severe ent considerable rieeunntoas Vitficuities. damage observed in some instances Ss normally low minimum t ra that most of the uae temperatures re- tures of January 3-4, 1949 were followed corded: h were accompanied by relativ ng-co d periods of ewpoints as discussed H , temperatures slightly below freezing. O hroed Wright’. A possible field haracteristic feature t reeze wa for future studies would be an attemp he exceedingly long period of time for evaluate the gi pea between dewpoint the full extent of the damage up-

-ossibly some of this damage was due

he later long-continued slightly treesing temperatures rather than the

freeze of Janu 3-4,

a ee ae

SUMMER LO So

13

cli the te 49 freeze was often slow. In

ade pla Mies left unpruned and unfertilized with nimum irrigation until the new growt we well started. Freezing weather early in the fall may be muc ore serious than the same tem- be h

troublesome damage from unusually early 1950. eave mild ote in the fall of

ong other earn = factors which in

rosea a F. was practically uninjured, Ithough the same nursery all youn lants in containers were killed Materials

be

in withholding However,

| This can be aided by fertilizer and water in the fall.

in California, which has a oe pe ni ranean climate, the fall a rains when accompanied

when freezing weather comes, it is some- times vantageous h oist soil

since this accumulates more hea he number of times of exposure to a minimum temperature and duration of these exposures are undoubtedly both import Som s inn ern Cali- rnia have minimum peratures which n tha ern Cali-

p ably this is due to the much longer a of the low Lecce: y for the om

lley. ever, t pla = a patie vidios kills easily in Bory peal Califo Many striking Selma pe the influence

of ground radiation were observed in

TABLE III | COMPARATIVE COLD RESISTANCE OF TREES

Observed Effects Following

Arm- Arm- Evans Minimum Paes 3 atures strong strong & Severe Slight No 1937 1951 Reeves Injury Injury Injury Ww or tie ce 20 _ 4istonia sclciarts rt Waa ; Rauwo ia (of trade—probably a as a: a fa “i Bauhinia urp 32 20 rea i 24 zie i Brachychiton acerifolium 22 24 22 25 ce : Brachychiton p je Soma Beek ve ro oe Be nen 21 _Callistemon speciosu i5 15 20 21 1 (22—young) ca lodendrum capen 15 (15—mature) 22 ee “a 21 _ Castanospermum mustiaie De See Bi 2, 20 ae ae 25 and lower _Clethra arborea . . ee 20 22 24 27 Le 4 Corynocarpus laevigata sities Soke al ees ae te 22 ge 23 hoe if. Crinodendron dependens .........0nc 15 15 22 25 - Delast a Pires se <u 25 tee 25 peu nh 24 if a 34 ae cas a 24 25-24-21 26 vl 15 ies pes ah ra oa 35 : > 25 20 20 20 ae iss 21 22 22 he 24 26 weet as 18 ses ie 21 20 a ee 21 a ee 24 et 25 ra a0 cree i ae 25 at 25 a 20 oe 26 hes 22 20 fe: 26 Pus 15 ine 21(tipsonly) 21 me oe ae: x 21 18 10 rine pres 22 22 Lae 24 a 20 a

14 EAS CA

Eck ALVES

’ Wes 4 Los Angeles during the freezes of and 1948-49. Since low temp

y become fap

pe of January 3-4 a 949, plants iter lath usually fared better than those the Wes

o the grou against masonry walls or stones

much less injured than those against wooden w Although drying out of the soil i a of con ditioning plants against cold, the soil ho oist rather than dry in

ad- vance of the freeze, as the moist soil will store more heat.

Ww age. such situations, windbreaks or fences with open spaces at the bottom

_ Adequate se anaes for ~ site is eae nt with trees.

tho o lon aee aoiecwea for planting in the bolder sections of the city of L - th alley are: Calo

u ( Pittosporum undu- latum, Tristania conferta, and iter lucens.

even fen tender than these uld planted only in the tel avotaite sites These include ini various Domb , Euphorbia tirucalli, Har ephyl- lum caffrum, Harpullia ar orea, Royena lucida, Spathodea campanulata, Wigandia caracasana.

Some trees which peopanly should be Sevidered hardy to 20°F., but br a according oe a wd ’ observa may on occasion be damaged are: Chivas:

&

thodendron platanoides, Corynccarpus lae-—

vigatus, Crinodendron tet endens, Cupania — anacardioides, tg orum fl avum, Ol- — mediella betschlerian |

Some trees which Bppest to be entirely

safe at temperatures somewhat under 20°F. are: Azara ae a Callistemon — asuarinas, Ceratonia siliqua, Cinnamomum ; camphora, Cordyline australis, Dracaena — p eodendron se, Grevillea — robusta, Hakea saligna, Lagunaria Patter- — ui, Laurus nobilis, Magnolia grandiflora, Melaleuca genistifolia, Ligustrum nitidum, Lyonoth Say A d Maytenus bo- aria, ittosporum phillyraeoides, do-

0 Umbellularia californ

Acknowledgments:

a, Pit Po | carpus gracilior, Podocarpns macrophylla, | s are due to

Tge for permission to use their records and information on cold resistance of plants.

‘Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, California. Nut- sery catalog. 1937.

* Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, California. Nu! sery catalog. 1951.

* Bailey, L. H. Manual of Cultivated Plants. Mac-

millan Company. 1949. * Binder, Morton, Willard J. Simpson, Jack Wagnon. rvey of the frost eecainens of

broad-leaf evergreens, Pacific Coast Nursery- man 8(3): Da ° Butterfield, ee: Frost tolerance of orna

mentals. Jour. Calif Hort. Soc. 10(2): 80-82. * Evans and Reeves, Los Angeles, California. Nur sery oe Undated.

* Hodg: R. W., C. A. Schroeder, and ie Re Wright, Domiparetive resistance to low win Senberatures of subtro opical and tropical ruil

A Soc. Hort. Sci. 56:49-64

if 950.

*Jones, Katherine D. Thirty important vines California. Nat. Hort. Mag. 15(1): 1-65. 1936. * Thirty more climbers for California. Nat. Hort — Mag. 16(1): 1-57. 1937.

Raa ocnbal bE esi net eicpe more climbers for

California. Nat. Hort. vey 17(1): 13-58. 1938.

“Roberts, A. W. 1949. Siegelman, “Wescott, H. Personal records. 1949

s for

SUM M ER 1-955:

WEATHER RECORDS | LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM J. T. McGAH

1951 TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION AVERAGE PEAKS TOT

MONTH in. ax. Min. Max. Month GANUAR Yoo eee oe 38.8 68.0 31.0 90.0 3.82 FEBRUARY 38.3 70.0 28.0 84.0 1.01 AR 40.6 75.3 30.0 93.0 0.82 APRIL 47.3 72.7 33.5 86.0 2.81 MAY. 47.2 81.0 40.0 92.0 0.40 JUNE 53.1 83.3 47.5 94.5 0.00 LY 57.7 93.5 49.0 103.0 0.00 AUGUS 55.5 92.8 51.0 101.0 0.20 SEPTEMBER 54.1 91.0 49.5 106.0 0.00 OCTOBER 49.0 85.3 43.0 101.0 0.66 NOVEMBER. 43.5 74.6 35.0 89.0 1.51 DECEMBER oe 38.5 65.0 27.0 73.0 7.37

TOTAL, 18.60 INCHES

PERUVIAN BLACK WALNUT!

BY Rad.

Edible nut trees in Central _America

© serve a sagirae tal gr a for 0 “rial 4 teh areas 0 tral Amer

this large range but there will remain some question as to their validity until more collections. are available and_ unti critical study is possible. It is known that considerable variability exists within confined areas, and certainly geo graphic distribution suaecnt sa highly variable range of ha Care should be er pes suit- ' able specific localities,—perhaps grafted hortice bore! varieties may be the

ish)

© solut

In cs region of the ey, low

SEIBERT

ley, a uince Mil in the Inama- bari and subsidiary valleys, this tree grows at an altitude of from 600 to 1

tion in desert conditions

Old trees will vary aan 15 to 30 meters 0 to 90 centime

there would appear branching unless pruning is applie

The wood is highly pantie in Peri for ious cabinet work, in- cluding inlay. The color of the w is

similar in quali of the United States, even to its Wood my possession in the United States jell gery warped nor Rei rte over a a year and a At Turrialba, Costa Rica, a board aus test for nearly two years has been resistant to both termites and the powder pos

The spew ee the Peruvian black walnut

are very s to those of the black wal- nut “ bem "United States. The grooves of the hard seed coat of J. neotropica are

16. PAS CA LEAVES

more rounded, or less sharp, than those

d indeed to my of the ee varieties of oot major are pre locally in Peru and e who know th the scattered distribu- tion in the poke Lied ue wee reach markets. Appar ercial groves have been nie either ris nuts Or oe lumber. ring September 1948 seeds were

our Ap pie eo at the

mental Agri

m the Seis reeked region er Perené valley. Of thirty-five

of age with perfect franantan tied success, with- out undue

trees will start fruit nor is it ho any years will be required for a tree to reach commercial timber size.

appears, in early stages, to grow as rapidly as do mahogany and Spanish cedar.

not eaten by animals. This advantage will ake the tree ideal for fence-rows and

door-yards. It is a tree with both a high — umber value and also it produces edible s:

The natural Baie of res tree plus our limited experience wit o far indicate | that it could be planted at ‘alittudies from — a to l Ts a

season of six months. To date, no fungus, or insect pests h noted attack-

To the above article, the writer wishes to re por the following observations of the species at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum:

en seeds of Juglans neotropica were — obtained by the Arboretum during June

ich was grown und during the winter of 1950-51. During the summer of 1951, the young tree was | planted on the decaetans grounds, where / it was unprotected through the frosts of j the past winter, surviving a minim : 24°F. with no more than slight tip | damage. j

alph La Rue, Farm Advisor, San » Berhhciine County, reports that a plant, Sate of the same species, was formerly

the Riverside Experiment Sta: | tion en it was lost during the freeze | of 1937.

Juglans neo otropica is a deciduous -

grower. It would appear to be worthy 0 further trial = the warmer parts of south: | ern Californi

1 Seeds planted and plants established at t th S.D.A. Rubber Station, Turrialba, Costa Ric

MEMBERSHIP

Annual Associate Membership............---.---------++--2--+ $ 5.00 Annual Membershir ‘ 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership.................-.....---.- 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership.................--.-----+---- 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership........-...----.:.-.-----------+ 250.00 Life Membership ; 500.00 Founders : 1000.00 or more Benefactors 5000.00 or more

CLuB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME TAX Law:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum

Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North

Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444.

Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay-

able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical nd.

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 120 acres of property is in the State of California, which has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master plan of the Foundation, Because of safety hazards the

. Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. Interested clubs may arrange for group conducted tours

of the grounds by calling the Arboretum Office, DOuglas Pe Se ke re

Operated By Catirornta Ansoretum FOUNDATION, INC,

LUSCA ed Lei VCS

CALIFORNIA

ANNUAL REPORT 1951-52”

_, S, e — = Y € 0 Y < 2 f) x] =a x)

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

‘ OCT 2:0 1952

ARCADIA

ARnen ul >

Autumn 1952

BOARD OF TRUSTEES CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr. - Mrs, Harry J. Bauer . Robert Casamajor . Howard A. Miller Mrs. Lawrence Barker Manchester Boddy Ralph D. Cornell Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin J. F. Douglas Mrs. Thomas Fleming

President

. Vice-President Vice-President Treasurer

William Hertrich

: John C. Macfarland

Samuel B. Mosher Mrs. William D. Shearer Dr. Frits W. Went

John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio

HONORARY TRUSTEES Mrs. J. E. Harton “ Charles S. Jones Fred W. Roewekamp Roy F. Wilcox (Founded Through the Efforts of the Southern California Horticultural Institute) LOS ANGELES STATE ed ARBORETUM , : STAFF

Dr. R. J. SEIBERT

Director.

GrorGE H. SPALDING

yeas Ss feu dq

LOU BD MASTIN. §

W. QuINN Buck

Wenn Gants tececkun ou:

3 Research Assistant

J. THoMAs McGau

Dewey E. NELSON

Secretary

THELMA G. BLA JANET WRIGHT

Research and Library (Part time)

HONORARY STAFF

Dr. GEorce P. Lux ues

ee ee wees es

cs Ae wa ri Pts CONSHIANE

Pro pagator Plant Recorder

Custodian

Director of Restorations Curator, Lux Arboretum Annex : W. Dan Q | alo

c +

; Master Plan for

ae

LASCA LEAVES

Quarterly Journal of the

LOS ANGELES

STATE and COUNTY

ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION R. J. SerBert, Editor

VOL. II

OCTOBER, 1952

No. iM

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. Annual Membership Meeting June 17, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT 1951-52

We are happy to report that a great deal of work ha rounds of

chuerubene: : Capital Improvement work on of the Arboretum during the d of some- worth of contracts let from the 1950-51 capital et. The work chatted of major drainage facilities, paving of the central roadways, tree and debris re- moval, and central area sprinkler system.

been in accordance with the Foundation’s the Arboretum.

fs come an accomplished fact. The ead ©es of the Arboretum Foundation are in-

deed grateful for the wonderful coopera- tion of the County Board of Supervisors,

artment for the splendid job done in bringing Baldwin Avenue into reality HORTICULTURAL PROGRAM:

Accessions of new plants and seeds at the Arboretum totaled 1870 for the fiscal

year. Among seed obtained were several outstanding Setisas. from Australia, South Ceage: Puerto Rico, Java, and

Argent

A ass ne = eaillaction of Orchid plants, cluding 227 accessions, was received from Mrs. Lucille Rawleigh Meyer of Bel Air.

in-

the

Acacia and Eucalyptus groups which have made excellent h this first year. e are Aone 10,000 plants ready to go into permanent plantings this coming fall, which will appreciably dress up the appearance of portions of the grounds where capital improvement work has been completed.

Field nursery trial areas have been con- siderably expanded and include a num- ber of plants of haere for extensive use in Southern Californi addition to the “Pounaation of the retu Annex,

) Over 1100 United States Department of Agriculture introductions alone have been gathered together over the past 35 years

18 BAGCGCA LEAVES

b Lux. In addition to these intro- ductions, there are countless other items which ux has been erinigiar together for cel year:

ares: of these collections, their

labeling accessioning consi- ct agen a Ae the responsibility of the Ar ai to its enrichment of plant materi

RESEARCH PROGRAM:

The Arboretum this year has two cathe research pereemrnis with the County of Los An, ngeles nty Board of

e County of Los Angeles. $34,000

‘ ase polation by County Board of Supervisors adopted December LT, 2951 Research investigation, introduction, pro-

pagation, growing, testing, and demonstra- tion of heavy duty, drought resisting, evergreen turf grasses and soil bindin

in and around County golf courses, playgrounds, athletic fields, , par

as is available for large scale practical testing at County properties issemination psn oe Gromit of such cultural inform acquired through this research ay as shall be a3 cance to the County of Los Angeles. B. During March 1952, oe Ar- boretum Foundation signe with Monsanto the purpose

_

Cco.- einer RESEARCH AGEN- CIE S-

Introduction, tential

'

we

cortisone- -producing plants

ir Jae of Plant Exploration and LER A. rnishes po

for

test in our area, as well as many other — foreign pon of potential ornamental — value for our 7 S. Soil ‘Conservation Service, San — ernando, cover opping plants and Eucalyptus ppaiek :

3. U. S. Forest Service, plants for ero- sion control and drought resistance.

4. Los Angeles County Flood Con District, has furnished instruments for the — recording of official weather data: rainfall, srs ax.-Min. temperature and eva-

5. Department of Eee: ede ’ of Southern California, grow of certain Solanaceae for strategic alkaloid analysis.

6. California State Highway Depart-

ment, mutual testing of plants ee futune freeway plantings. 4

otany Department, U. C. q tual exchange of surplus plant aietial ’ rative crouth potentialities in two specifically different areas within Los Angeles County York Botanical Garden, growth tests of high cortisone yielding clones of Strophanthus :

hb

les County Park Depart: —

ment. testing a suitable trees, shrubs and i

turfs for t

LIBRARY: Until facilities are available for proper housing of library h has

and pamphlets. This yea able to place our caialogue system into operation. The library now largely pec eauce. complete with Bathe and sub- ject ca es.

The tea continues to build up its receipt of domestic and foreign Botanical and Horticultural publications through ex change for = Foundation’s publication | “Lasca Leaves.” ‘ HISTORICAL ‘COMMITTEE — RESTO- :

TION: 3

e Historical Committee, under the | very active pcan e of Mrs. Richard Dakin, ra dent funds fro

restoration pro ram

ucky” Ba ldw:

to its former splendor.

Pas 4

AUTUMN: L982 19

FINANCIAL REPORT: July 1, 1951 to June 30, 1952.

Total Incom Memberships: =.2..-.3....---:....-.....- $ 4,840.00 Subventions Los Angles County............... . 56,600.00 Donations 4,015.94 Rentals 4,047.50 Pabhestiona:<4c5 is at 86.18 $ 69,589.62 Total hapensés oe ee $ 59,261.02 Total Fined. pe $151,526.11 pe l kes meant Contribution ooks—pamphlets and gga ch $. 4,302.55 Flower prints and ee 5,677.00 Arboretum equipment .......... 8.00 Land (Lux Estate) ................ 100,000.00 Labor (Administrative) . 95.95 Labor (A m) 675.33 Surv Bi 7 Dawe we 8.50

seeds 3,021.91 Mise, materials and services Pe shfciteemd

$123,989.46 Historical ad arb prs Fund: Income—Donations _ .............--- $ 21,472.06 Expense Restoration work $ 15,401.74 Garden Tou nd: necome ... 3,034.77 Expense - 147.92

} | | ;

FOUNDATION’S Pe ar e 30, 1952, as follows:

pptichy 1 Associ 76 Annual ...... 178 Aint Contributing 40 Annual Sustaining 4 ife Soins ean ee 11 under ... 2 tanemaue cl Life .. 1 "307

49 members are garden club groups.

FLOWER SHOW- pecan

A display of Acac pecies Ss educational cere "at the International Flower Show at Inglewood

rs Ma 1

r. Spalding judged both for the San

Marino Coden

S on display in the Arboretum office in January, 1952 by request of ie Azusa Woman’s Clu PUBLICATIONS:

our issues our quarterly publica- tion Lasca Leaves have been published this year, six Lasca News ve been

ws Releases sent to the papers. ARTICLES PUBLISHED:

Dr. pour and Mr. Spalding have each had thre articles renin in various periodicals during this yea TOUR OF RANCHOS AND ESTATES:

q his tour, sponsored by the Foundation, _ ably planned by Mrs. William D. Shearer, was held on June 13, 14 and 15, 1952. The following people very generously

opened their estates for this event, which included a preview of the grounds of the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum: “Ra ncho Descanso,” La Canada. E irador,” a and Mrs. Paul G. Hoffman, Pasaden Warner ts tate,” Mr. and Mrs. Thomas William Warner, Pasadena.

“An English Garden,” Mrs. James Good- rich Newcomb, Pasadena.

The following clubs and organizations assisted in are sedan wine tour, - pro- ceeds of whic e to sed for a per-

Porise oe jabeling " ohan at the Arbor

yeaeeny Association of University Women—Arcadia.

American Begonia Society—San Gabriel

alley Branch.

Arcadia feck na Club. ~ readia Woman’s Club—Garden Sec- tio

Automobile Club of Southern Cali- for

Chewy Chase Estates Garden Club.

College Women’s Club of Pasadena.

Holly Sugar Company.

Home Garden Group. Inter-County Garden Club.

La Cafada Valley Garden Club. Las Jardineras.

Little Garden Club of Pasadena.

Los Angeles County Publicity Depart-

Los Angeles Garden Club.

Clu Garden Club of ariel Pasadena. Van De ee Baker

PUBLICITY

The Arbor tum has cei very fine newspape

pena thro of the County Mr. Micciche.

Board of Supervisors and

ALKS:

During the past year 32 talks were given by members of the Arboretum staff. ee oie talks Dr. Seibert gave 20,

ng 9, Mr. Nelson 11, and Mr. Buck es MOVIE STUDIOS:

cy boretum grounds have been used by five studios, four television companies, and one religious unit.

+20 PAS CA

EE AVES

RADIO PUBLICITY: Dr. Russell J. Seibert, Director of the

Arboretum, has been interviewed on three radio programs, by Maurie Webster. One for publicity on the ret and the

wo info rae = plantings

_ for parking lots and street t DONATIONS OF SPECIAL. MENTION:

nine Floral lant illustrations by Charles Broughton in addition to the Charles & oe ea Broughton Memorial Collec _ Mrs. Helen K. Krau Helen K. pba ‘Collection of Be- gonia ee ae Volumes. Dr. George P. Lux ne etary fifty- four acre Estate. Mrs. Lucille Rawleigh Mey Two erm! = sixty-seven ” Orchid and miscel Ss. AMONG OUR. NOTABLE VISITORS: oseph Knowland and Dr. Robert yo ae of the State Park Com- i n B. Drury, Chief, Division of Beaches i gen

ar ngi neer, . Aubrey Drury, co deggcatet of Cali- fornia Historical Society, visited our grounds in October 1951. VOLUNTEER WORKERS:

The Trustees of the oo and the Director of the Ar

H. H. Benson, Talks. . Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Bergstrom, Clipping Books. Maurice Block, Restoration. haere S. Bolton, Installation of Latis- glas Dr. George P. Lux, Care of Lux Arbo- retum Annex John C. Mactarland, Dh oie assistance— Lux Arboretum Ann Mrs. Tom McGah, om hours. W. Dan Quattlebaum, behead control. Mrs. Clara Ray, Office hou GROUP TOURS OF THE ARBORETUM: This y

in parties ranging from ten to groups of over one-hundred.

n the tour Nelson eel . brief history of colorful old Rancho Santa Ani- ta, an elucidation of the past expansion

of the Arboretum, the ienens work no

in progress and an explanation of the future development and use of the pro- | perty. 7 These groups were Geniok Clubs, Girl — Scouts, Boy Scouts, Blue Bird Girls, Cub Scouts, Brownies, School

rast groups; all. In the during the three Garden Tour in June. EXCHANGE PUBLICATIONS

have established exchange rela- tions with 105 institutions to date, which

nited States 47 in foreign countries including:

Africa (South) Eeuador Australia England Argentina Honduras Bolivia Italy

razil a sae Guiana Mexic

ew Zealand feed ciswiak Per

Colombia

Costa Rica Cuba

Puerto Rico Scotland

GIFTS OF PLANTS AND SEEDS RECEIVED BY THE ARBORETUM: Valuable oe of seeds plants have been received from the fol- lowing Jndividuals, pacihte eee and in-

stitutio ADAMS CHARLE! ALLAN, W. South ‘Careline E.

Dr. “5

Buck, QUINN

Cone. Dr.

DAKI rs. RicHarp Y. DarWIN, Larry C,

Davis, MILDRE

rye MBERT

DELKIN, A. C.

Diss_e, Mrs. Barry DURNELL, Mrs.

AUT Uw Ne 494-2 21

HAGEN, WILLARD HAHN, JACQUES JOHNSON, Howarp JUNIMAN, ROBERT

LARRIMORE, Mrs. LILLIAN

LENz, LEE

Lone, Mayor F. R., S. Africa RENZ, ELMER

Lunp, Enric

Lux, Dr. G. P.

Louis B, Dr. MILDRED insertion: Mr. E. W. MEYER, M LUCILLE RAWLEIGH MonacuHina, J. Mononorr, Mrs. FREDERICK Moore, Mr. RacovEse, ARTURO E.

SoS 3;

Phonic , Mrs Ss

ADELAIDE BoTANic GARDENS, Adelaide, Australia AGGELER & Musser SEED

A Woman’s CLus—Garden Section Boncer Seep Co

BROMELIAD SocteTy

cr OF WILLIAM & MA

DENMARK BoTANIC GARD a r. Lowman) Divigion OF PARKS, Rouen New York Evans & REEVES

FEeRRY-MorsE SEED Co,

GERMAIN’s INC,

EARN N Hrosenaeoir: "Bor NICAL GARD Kesun Raya aati ahieks Garden) La Rocuette Nu Las JARDINERAS peel Club) Los ANGELES CouN Par Lux ArsoreruM AN Misso BoTANIC GARDENS Morris ArRBoRETUM Morton ArporetuM Raat ye Botanic GARDENS, Kirstenbosch, NEw York may gg GARDEN Norrurup, Kin eG OakuHurRst Ga

A as OYAL ee ee SocreTy (Me. , PI

U. S. D. A. FeveraL EXPERIMENT onebiin Mayaguez, P. R.

Mite § aay -e iat Fietp STATION, y

Us BoD. As nga INTRODUCTION GARDEN, Coconut Grove, Flori U. S. D. A. PLANT INTRODUCTION GARDEN, Glenn Dale, Maryland . D, A, PLANT INTRODUCTION GARDENS, gia

UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA BoTANIC GARDEN— Berkeley

sain oye oF CALIFORNIA—Los Angeles, Divi-

of Ornamental Horticulture

Uicvaasiey OF CALIFORNIA—Los Angeles, Vavra state

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON ARBORETUM

UppsaLA Botanic GARDEN, Uppsala, Sweden

aeerrace GI

“hea! s, Bristow—27 pamphlets D eat Cavecek Piragaitis books pphalehe ous—1 YRES, Dr. SA ean: Jr.,—3 books, 4 pamphle oan W. QUINN—20 pamphlets, 41 magazines, 1 catalogue BuTTerRFIELD, H. M.—1 pamphlet

Cuapwick, L.. C.—1 : Cortez G., ING. Joaquin A.—1 book AKIN, RicHarp Y.—1 book

uN .- YLoRD, STANLEY-—6 catalogues, 11 magazines N, J. 7 W

HAGEN, WILLARD—84 magazine. ERB SOCIETY OF AMERICA—14 magazines, 31 pamphle JUHREN, GUSTAF—90 magazines May—1 book

LORENZ, sp ea

Los ANGELES CHAnnER oF COMMERCE—1151 pamphlets, 11 books

rms JOHN nn y books

MAYBERG, NFRED—15 books, 1 catalogue

ee 1 repri

Roperts, CLARA— S inca 8 c wre ge Wise catalogues

gazi Papeete ny a 243 pamphlets WENT, rile Frits W.—4 pamp Wricut, JANET—I1 book, 1 savishiak, misc. folders, papers, garden plans, etc.

MISCELLANEOUS GIFTS RECEIVED BY THE ARBORETUM DURING (exclusive sa money donation

hae PAST YEAR

ALUMIN Corp.—12 nore moldings 5 jt. ae eS pipe and fittings CL oF SOUTHERN CALIF.—3000 Garden ‘our maps

99 Ps Las C&L BAY BS

Ayres, Dr. SAMUEL, yi Fe snpunted specimens of Australian Wild Flo.

BENT, Harry S.—Color Bi Bali Tree”

genre * a gorge B.—Notary Public services

don

Los ANoELES TurF CLus—Sizty tons of beddiny straw

Lux, CaTHERINE CLAIRE—Fifteen Forest Tree co damn

MACFARLAND, C.—Los_ Angeles Labepie

Recorder fee yo Lux Arboretum Anne Martin, R. SANFoRD—2 sacks of “Humisite MONSANTO CHEMICAL vey Rept od po 3 0 “Krilium,” 1000 pou i

S A ANITA, ha ies planting pots SANTA ANITA Spat COVERING Co.—10 pieces of

Asphalt Tile paste SCHERY y, Dr. pple Photographs of Cavanil-

lesia species SHELLMAR Propucts Corpe.—Shellene tubing

SOUTHERN ego ica GREEN HOUSE FRS,— Eight loads of Redwood sawdust

TITLE INSURANCE sah Title Search d Plat preparation for Lux kts tum Annex

TRIANGLE STEELE & Supp Co.—12 sheets of Alsonite

VERDOORN, Dr. FRANS—1 Electro plate ecut— “Lasca News’

=< WALLACE, Yin MARGUERITE C. AND JAMIE—

11 turtles

MEMBERSHIP OF CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM ee: NC. NNUA

Arcee CHARLES Gripes AHMANSON, Mrs. Howarp

ees endale Branch EGONIA Secters—Tuatrrod Branch AMERICAN BEGONIA sadena Branch £055"! BEGONIA Siciee auc Gabriel Valles _ ArcapiA Leo CLu ARCADIA Wostas's Corb aha Section AYER, CHA AZUSA asecats Cius

RS. arate RENCE

AR M < BECKMAN, HENRY | BELLONA, ah See 2 3 Bett, Dr. MER BELT, Mrs.

BERTHOLON, GEORGE C.

z

B zis ri

a

@

Be

CLark, Lu ucY taken

Coates, Dr. & Mrs. GEorGE

CoFFIN, Dr. Mrs. Harry Coke, Mrs. Epwin P. Cosy, ‘Hy F,

Siar WoMEN’s CLUB OF PASADENA—Garden— tio

CoLirr, Mr. FRANK E. ook, Mrs. WILLIAM M. , Crockett, Mrs. Haru D. Crowe, Mrs.

CUNNINGHAM, HORTENSE McL.

Louis B. S Mary Lee

GAYLORD, Mr. RS. Ros

Mrs. Homer T.

HOLLY woop cates ay Society HoME GARDEN O INTER-COUNTY aes CLUB

JACKSON, Mrs. WILLARD C. KIRKLEY, Mrs. R. é KonL, MartHa, M.D. L ANADA VALLEY GARDEN CLUB LANDSCAPING Socrer ETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA NG, FREDERI M. a Las JARDINERA: LAWNDALE GARDEN CLUR ‘OD " sa LinpROoTH, ERI LITTLE Gane: prvi OF PASADENA LITTLEFIE J. ORENZ, Buses J. Los ANGELES AUDUBON SocIETY 4 Los ANGELES County MepicaL GaArpEN CLUB q

Los ANGELES FLoraA Stupy Los Feiiz Woman’s CLus—Garden Section Lowman, C. L., M.D.

Lunpquist, Mrs. G. MACFARLAND, JOHN C. MACLEISH, M

Martin, SAN Marurfas, Dr. MILDRED

AUTUMN 1952

MICHILLINDA sit maaan Woman’s CLiun— Garden Sect

ORGAN, Dr. M VAN MOTHERSHEAD, Mrs. M. M.

UNRO, Mrs ILLIAM B, McCoLLuM, CATHERINE M. McGan, Mr, anp Kaeo Patead bt McGee, Mrs, _Wiuam H; McRoy, Ror L. NATION SIA Society

B PASADENA UBLIC LIBRA PEIRCE, N L, PLANTER’S GARDE

CLuB RaNcHO gele FE GARDEN CLUB RAYMOND, JULI F.

SCHREGARD ah are

ScHuUCHarpT, WILLIA

ScHWwartz sag _Marq

Scorigr M arr vig gant a N. Scorr, Pau.

SEEDERS & WEEDERS GARDEN CLUZ

SEIBERT, Mr. A AND Mrs. Erwin W. RS. RUSSELL J. Ss F.

OUTH PASADENA GARD N CLus SOUTHERN CALIFORNI 4 Cabal LLIA SOCIET S ERN Cauimonsta HortTICULTURAL ietvon STINGLE, GEo rE A, DY, at) 3

Tha ae Ra THoMpson, pi SER. THE TILL

fy

M E Ciry ad pence S CLUB—Garden Section LPH S.

ELLBORN, Mrs, LEILA WELLBOURN, Dr. AND Mrs. O. C.

ee, Younc, Me 3 AND vat ARCHIBALD B,

| ANNUAL spear

AN

Bent, AVERY B, Boncrr, Howarp

BopMAN, Mrs. Epwarp W. RE,

Enest

FARNHAM, GeEorGE J. Forrey, Ropert = FRAZER, JAMES GILLESPIE mas GRIFFITH, M

M aren PAUL WE

F McDow.E Lt, Pages

VER,

OWENS, mtx

PARKS, ive asere: R. ER, . RALP

RICHARDSON, m AND Mrs. Water L. ROEWEKAMP, Frep W. SAKAI, Miss Rose

UN RA

SULLIVAN, MARGARET SyMMEs, MABE THOMAS, Mrs. Rose i THORPE R, CHARLES H, TRAUB, FREDERI Troy, . JOHN J. VON SCHLEGELL, ABIGAIL WAGANE RS. ETHEL MAE WALKER, WINS y M. WATSON, FIGH F. WHITE, Mrs. ‘Gapane CossiTT WHITE, GEORGE WILKEs, ery

WINKLER, . HeNrY O.

wane: patie C.

ibe eS

24 ne LASCA LCRAVES

WooLey, DonALD P. OysAl VALLEY GARDEN CLUB Yaros, Mrs. A Orcutt, Mrs. WILLIAM WARREN PADDOCK, ite: CHARLES W.

BAILEY, WILB D. Banos Sati ANITA RESIDENT’S ASS’N. BASKERVILLE, Mrs. Mary E. Sa F s’N Bauer, Mrs. RY J. San Martno GARDEN CLUB

H, Mrs. NKLI SHEARER, Mrs. WILLIAM D. Boswe.., Mrs. Jam STANTON, Mrs. For Bouton, Mrs. SHERMAN Hoy Wiisici ARDEN. CL CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF WOMEN’S CLUBS—

t

Douc.ias, Mr. J. F. CASAMAJOR, Mr. ROBERT umpHrigs, Mr. E. E CHANDLER, NORMAN O’BRIEN, GEORGE J 8} CHASE ESTATES ‘gmantet CLUB Rosecrans, W. S, Coo.ipce R. oe Tt GARDEN CORNELL, ira FOU

NDER: MENNINGER, Mr. & — E. w. VERDOORN, Dr. FRA

Secs ie = 2 Avnes, Dr. SAMUEL, JR. KARBINER, Mr. FRANCIS WM. YRES, Mrs. SAMUEL, JR. ERN, GEorcE A, Set Mrs. RicHarD Y KRUCKEBERG, ARTHUR W. FLEMING, Mrs. THOMAS LoEL, WAYNE MEYBERG, MANFRED Los ANGELES see a CLuB MosHerR, SAMUEL B. Lowry, Mrs. G. PATTERSON, Mrs. THERESA HOMET Senin: Howarpb “4 QUATTLEBAUM, W. DAN _ MILLER, Morris VE RN, Mrs. J. G MILLIKAN, Pror. CLARK B. WHITE, DonaALp M. ‘ AND Mrs. Guy R.

NATIVE DAUGHTERS OF THE GOLDEN WeEST— e Pasadena in rlor No. 290 HONORARY LIFE: NICKERSON, Lux, Dr. GEorce P.

California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.,

and has provided for research projects of interest to the County.

intenance and operational funds _ ted t ise ships, donations, endowments, an ifts.

All contributions are eager under Federal Income Tax Law

a

MEMBERSHIP Annual Associate Membership cosa $ 5.00 Annual Membershit 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership... 2... 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership......................-.-..-..-. 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership.......2.....-..--1.cs-sse-es00 250.00 Life Membership 500.00 Founders 1000.00 or more Benefactors .-- 5000.00 or more

CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME Tax Law:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical Fund. ve

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 120 acres of property is in the State of California, which has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master plan of the Foundation. Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. Interested clubs may arrange for group conducted tours of the grounds by calling the Arboretum Office, DOuglas 17-3444,

ERATED By CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FouNnpbaTion, Inc.

—

LasCa Leaves

CALIFORNIA

a lM Ml =. ~—— <a

_—_ ablogyy Re <

os

4

~ < Z. pe a O —, > —] a4 ea) Loy ae <° e @.

“ GA RDEN Ul BR

any Winter

3 BOARD OF TRUSTEES CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATIONS, INC.

De ae Bee Pree ae a ck President Mrs. Harry J; Bauer =... as’. Vice-President Robert Casamajor . Se ee Vice-President Pome 8 uel ee i ew Preashrer Mrs. Lawrence Barker William Hertrich Manchester Boddy John C. Macfarland

Ralph D. Cornell Samuel B. Mosher

Mrs. Richard Y. Dakin Mrs. William D. Shearer Mrs. Thomas Fleming Dr. Frits W. Went John Anson Ford, Ex-Officio

HONORARY TRUSTEES Mrs. J. E. Harton Charles S. Jones Fred W. Roewekamp Roy F. Wilcox (Founded Through the Efforts of the Southern California Horticultural Institute)

LOS ANGELES S!AtE« ARBORETUM

STAFF

Dr. R. J. SEIBERT Director GEORGE H. SPALDING Su perintend

Louts B. MARTIN . Research Assistant Ww OUING BUCKS ce ee Propagator J. THoMAs McGan........ Plant Recorder Dewey E. NELSON Custodian THELMA G. BLANCHARD Secretary

JANET WSIGHT occ: Research

and Library (Part time) HONORARY STAFF

WEACICE “BLOCK nek Director of Restorations

Dr. GEORGE P. Lux..........Curator, Lux Arboretum Annex

W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM..............Ornithological Consultant

LASCA LEAVES

Quarterly Journal of the

LOS ANGELES

STATE and COUNTY

ARBORETUM

A CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC. PUBLICATION R. J. SEIBERT, Editor

VOL. III

JANUARY, 1953

No. 1

THE LASCA LIBRARY

Janet Wrighi

“The only true equalizers in the world are books...

_Even “dirt gardeners” need books from time to time. It m e only a seed cata- logue, but when it is wanted it is wanted

retum are horticultural. L. H. Bailey in his definition of “horticulture” reminds us of

o the smaller realm of gardening r the Anglo-Saxon gyrdan, to inclose). qu mologically horticulture (hortus, gar- en; colere, to care for, or cultivate) and gardening are equivalent; but usage of

‘abil i practice of operation have

rought about the distinction we recog

re oday: horticulture embracing opera

on within an losu large scale

os plant nurseries, botanical gardens,

arboretums); while gardening refers to € of home gro

Botany, the science of plants, may also ate! to em horticulture—or vice hoe epending upon the viewpoint But

; other begins is

€ point of distinction than a otanist and horti-

_ Why do these definitions affect the set- up of a libra eo, 1s not

Bape ry in this coun- » the library of the Massachusetts Hor-

nm”

to be properly flexible toward meeting de-

n it by “a mixed profes-

sional and amateur clientele’—similar to

that which will one day use LASCA Library.

Miss Dorothy Manks, Librarian of the

ticipation of the nee library of this institution. So well did it meet these anticipated demands that in adapted form it was adopted as the scheme for LASCA Library.

For both present and future reference, the divisions of this scheme are roughly outlined below:

to compendiums, horticultural socie ties, exhibitions, yearbooks, biblio graphies; encyc dias, catalogues, seed lists; nursery management, pro

pagation, cultural techniques, research methods, history.

B. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS—CULTURE:

greenhouse techniques and other in- door culture; floriculture; garden and plant types; monographs (e.g. lilies, dahlias, orchids, etc.)

cluding chemical culture, processing (dehydration, freezing, ket- i . stem, root, leaf, garden- ing; fruit culture, special techniques;

EASCA

LEAVES

o

a

M

fruit types (pome, nuts, berries, eee etc.); monographs; cereals, sh pina nie rops.

rvation;

APE ‘ipaiay aap ceemn ga pro-

haracters ecological conditions; structures; dens of all countri a

TAN laboratory manuals, h baria; teaching rethoda: history, bibli-

gar-

ematic works; alphabetically

nt ge sgran hy; arrange-

. FLORA: Pla ment Seige gamtanepeed by country in each

F

Zz

Ao)

<4”

contine peieniky SCIENCES: metallurgy, meteorology; soil sciences; plant health

(environment factors, diseases, plant protection). GENERAL SCIENCES: mathematica ] and physical sciences; biological sci- ences, natural history; anthropology . SOCIAL SCIENCES; ECONOMICS: administration, overnment, _ legisla- tion; economics, education: home and community. LITERATURE: essays; ect legends and mythology; miscellan FINE ARTS: palate ‘and materials; plants in art; architec BIOLOGRAPH prey "AUTOBIO- GRAPHY: collective, individual. TRAVEL: including plant hunting,

(reports of scientific results classed with flora, or plant family); eS accounts of experiences in other coun- tries, impressions; maps, a

X. GENERAL REFERENCE: general bi-

than plants); institutions (other than botanical); miscellany

S (or SERIALS) as arrangemen

“The art of knowing what to leave un- done is quite as important as the art of wha to do’ is a maxim pa

tently applicable in a librarian’s work, for the field of operation etimes ap- pallingly elastic. Shelves are likely to be- come burde

hold the nugget of inioemation that a re- | an effort to track i

another scholar, have been warmly grate- | fu m.

3 ard catalogue of LASCA Library 1s — still “ate process of being even roughly ade-

uate. The ee classifying and cata-

joguing of books

not yet come into its own by vi ‘iva of having a full-time trained Librariait in Lr ammoth an undertak

ing as the birth of a botanical garden is arboretum is in process, it and all of Its

cells, into ultimate significa brary is in an embryon

nic but healthy state |

ously an educated man, even @ |

very highly educated man, must be con ent in the main with a giodeat and wisé

testa”

WINTER

A a 3

FIRST OF THE PERMANENT ARBORETUM BUILDINGS

Our cover illustration proudly presents the first of our permanent new buildings

_the other Arboretum buildings which

tending south to the future main entrance to the Arboret This lath house i is constructed of alumi-

h and 12’ high the 8’ tall section comprised our original unit built in August 1949. During the

period of its use, very cae crise results hav d;

Fu oe the unit was both easy and economical to move to and ane it to the new section baci a minimum of structural problem

area on which the new ‘ath house is constructed provides suffici for the future adding of anothe unit when such additional facilities shall

south to the present temporary entrance to the grounds

A POLYPLOID FORM OF FELICIA AMELLOIDES: Developed with Colchicine W. Quinn Buck

Early in January of pata oe of Felicia amelloides e di-

April,. the more wt affected ones ow.

and more bristly; the growth was <a a d the ma plants were larger lowering of these affected plants was

flowers until the cool days of November, at which eee ei / began to show their true flower charac

Poien 5 produced fe two plants selected

# Polyploid strain from which selections b r colo d flower and plant types can © mad hese two clones will be pro-

Pagated from cuttings to give additional Plants from which to grow seed.

Upper flower is from a normal diploid form of FELICIA AMELLOIDES; lower flower is from one of selected colchicine-induced polyploids.

EAS CA LE AVES

Typical Examples of Transparent Plastic Labels as attached to trees in the Los os Angeles State and County Arboretum

WINTER

Ly > 3 5

SOMETHING DIFFERENT IN TREE LABELS Russell J. Seibert

e question of materials for the prep-

b s torily. Types ne riebele in common usage (e) not answer all scores-of-perfect from viewpoint of serviceability, economy, ihe oa legibility, beauty or aesthetic

In most cases, the label that could be considered satisfactory in all other re

0 produce an over-all effect wholly unattractive.

It was perhaps ten years ago that the writer was impressed wi labels in use at the Fairchild Tropical Garden in southern Florida. So e bie these engraved lucite inbele from

e standpoint of legibility as well as = obstrusive aspect that decision was ma 2 investigate this material prod whee

Ime and opportunity perm wick Arboretum Foundation provided ch an opportunity when it agreed that

proceeds from the Tour of Ranchos and

cutting and engraving o for the trees and shrubs on the Arbore- tum Pe s

engraving machine now in use ec sists of an electric-driven cutter attached ograph from which co

The lett of cetratted light which makes them s al. Examples of t abels now being put into use at ne Arboreeel are illus- fated in the accompanying plate The same pantograph cutter

used to make a variety of types of labels bes LOR ia ated astic, wood, so metal, ete.— a

the particular specimens labelle

A KEEPSAKE

; Frans Verdoorn announces that the following is available free, on request, Tom the Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Massachusetts:

“My Great Oak a a other Poems” by Liberty ae Bai

- plants “ of them man and horticulturist. An inkling

How tired the tropic seemed tired as one who slept and dreamed!

And then there breathed a witching day When old growths went and new growths me

Like a verdant brooding flame,

And pulses crept;

The bamboos melted at their tips

And new tastes mounted to the lips, e

Joined sky and earth and all between, And senses roused in bush and lakes As one so gently gently Lanier He had not known he slept

“Undertone,” the last poem ssoeee Lon. Bailey’s philosophy: “The peace of the winds is my undertone— I move with the crowd, but I live alone.”

6 EA SCA

LEAVES

NOVEMBER PROMISE H. H. Benson

Yesterday it rained—and everywhere

A joyous rhythm seemed to wake

Within each tired blade of grass—

The flushed and eager urge of Spring, For now at last

Their thirsty days were done.

Then hopefully, ’neath clearing skies A grateful world takes heart again, And every tree and lowly bush

GROWING NOTES George H.

One of the most interesting phases of our program at Los Angeles State and growing and testing of new plants from all over the

=a 3 > ~ + g e ou

stock them reac ag availability will en- rich your gar

Scaiaa nan

Dombey s named in hon- or of Joseph tomes, Ay Preied botanist

of Southern California at least, ‘(Atcadia) some species are decidu- Ss or semi-evergreen.

seed came from e National Botanical Garden, Kitstenbooch, South Afric 0 i

were carrie pe in cans an out in the spring of 1952. (The first winter they were kept in the greenhouse). In fact one bloomed in a gallon can in the green- house. At the present writing (Heseaber 1952), plants set in permanent position

Seems washed and clean And proudly stands Holding bright faces toward the sun.

The distant mountains’ somber heights

All seem alive with shadowy shapes

As overhead the tumbling clouds

Play hide and seek with wind and sun, hey too are

That yesterday—it rained!

satiate tie a tities —

Spalding

last spring are six to seven feet high and and are full

Kh

o

o -

ot = o =

ating the desire to examine the nstances the flow:

te frost winter, con However, no perm dama. oe bi > plants rosoverel oP E

= oa 1950 in our usual

WINTER

Be gm Pate rs

S.r. 50-50). It germinated in fifteen days and the seedlings came ly. Plants were set out in the field nur- sery in May 1951 and at the present writ- ing are clothed with foliage from the ground up and have a very pleasing nded shape. The foliage is a rich plum-

© outstanding orna- mentals for Southern California gardens. We recommend it hi ighly

Nie} Fh as D> )

Goodia lotifolia The us Goodia consists of two ever- green paar and belongs to the Pea fam-

ily (Leguminosae). It is native to Austra lia a a

Australia was planted in November After being given the boiling water treat- ment, (see Lasca Leaves Vol. I, No. 1, p. 7), germination started in seven to ten days. The plants were planted in the field nur- sery in October 1951. Growth was only fair in cans but when planted out in the ground it was excellent. One fact estab- lished in growing Gcodia lotifolia is that in containers watering is most important; overwatering is disastrous, also the plants should be planted out as soon as possible. In 1952 the field plants had reached a size of four to five feet high and four feet. wide. They were loaded with small pale yellow pea-like flowers for about a month to six weeks. It is not a spectacular shrub but an excellent foliage subject and very attractive in bloom. No frost damage oc- curred at 27°. Maximum height is sup- posed to be six feet.

ACACIA SALIGNA Golden Wreath Wattle

Acacia is a very old name in botany and Was used b h

q popes of our most beautiful flowering Tees and shrubs are found in this genus.

Acacia saligna is one of the sustaining rete for beauty. ti

wide with seinggorice tee rounded heads. The g plan eed be kept free of

make for better growth and earlier flow-

- ering of many species. A. saligna responds

to good care.

8 LACS CoA

LEAVES

ACACIA VESTITA

Hairy

s acacia is one of the writer’s fav-

s. The foliage resembles that of A cultriformis b ar t lant is far graceful in habit of growth. Its other

mon name ‘Weeping Boree’’ is very

descriptive. Seed received from Australia was plant- ed in April 1950 after being given the

1951. Two plants he base ey a large Eucalyp- es globulus ea thre

behavior “ot

the plants n he Eucalyptus glebulus are approximately five to six feet high

LASCA

Readers of LASCA Leaves will be in- nic rae to note that plans are being for-

mulat wherein the Sou thern California Horticultural Institute

California Arbor

Inc. to eeuaind the cat of this publi- cation.

Recollection will be made that it was through the efforts of Southern Califor-

Wattle

and nearly as wide. They have a grace- ful weeping form and are loaded with flower buds. The color is good and the

provided but here undoubtedly absorbed mo ree Stinks of «

from other plants. These p f to three feet ta about as olor is poor and there are quite a few dead branches on the plants.

e conclusions we have drawn from

the above facts are that Acacia

grows best in a hot sunny loc ith to uch water. P bly an open

paces soil is ae but it is probably toler- of heavier soils if watering is de-

eet Ecorse

LEAVES

nia ser rrieg ere rally that the Los An-

geles Sta i f Thos : ree ow seems appro: priate that the two closely linked institu t combine

eH ied’ on in southern chitoenie.

IN MEMORY

ohn Francis Douglas

October 30,

Devoted Trustee and Chairman of the Finance Committee

California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

1874 - November 29,

1952

:

unty jee tantee was @

ee

ahd yaa oe

a Le ne ee a

ae Oe ee

MEMBERSHIP

Annual Associate Membership Ae Le cerns ite ele ae $< 5:00 Annual Membershir ; 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership.........00..-.......... 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership..........000000......... 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership..............-..--2-..2------------ 250.00 Life Membership <. 500.00 Founders........ 1000.00 or more Benefactors .. 5000.00 or more

CLUB MEMBERSHIPS are available, at any amount, from $10 a year or more.

ALL CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER FEDERAL INCOME TAX Law:

Checks should be made payable to the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., and sent to our headquarters at 291 North Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Phone DOuglas 7-3444. Donations for Historical Restorations should be made pay- able to California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., Historical Fund.

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is operated by California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The Foundation is developing and managing the Arboretum under an agreement with the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Title to the 120 acres of property is in the State of California, which has leased it to Los Angeles County for fifty years. Construction operations are actively commenced by the County of Los Angeles in accordance with the master plan of the Foundation. Because of safety hazards the Arboretum is closed to the public during construction. Interested clubs may arrange for group conducted tours of the grounds by calling the Arboretum Office, DOuglas 7-3444.

CaALisornia ARBORETUM FounpbatTion, Inc. .

ANNOUNCING

Lasca Leaves

as the Official Publication of the

Pc

CALIFORNIA

Southern California Horticultural Institute

and the

) ml << Za fad i) e — > pad a pL)

So

ns?

<<

a @;

California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

< , cy BOTAN 3 ae o- MAR 20 1958 SPRING 1953 J?

Vol. III, No. 2V

CARDEN ert

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1953

Pe ee Kies eh ts ee es Frep W, ROEWEKAMP WEI ee a es os led Sek Fe RALPH H. CORNELL ee Pe ae ee Se GEORGE H. SPALDING le oo on ek es pb es KENNETH BISHOP

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD EARLE E. HUMPHRIES

MANCHESTER Boppy MILDRED E, MATHIAS

HowarD BODGER ALFRED W. ROBERTS

PHILLIP CHANDLER VERNON S. STOUTEMEYER

Percy C, EVERETT RONALD B. TOWNSEND RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

Dr. SAMUEL AyRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG Henry R, Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HUGH Evans Roy F. WILcox MEMBERSHIPS WU ME e e e $ 5.00 year ROP IUD ee eee ie ke 5.00 year Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year OO WHEE ie ie es 25.00 year Corasieercial MRMMNRT ste 50.00 year USD IPINORE es eas eo a ee 50.00 year BAe PCI a ee 500.00 year

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class.

MEETINGs: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building.

18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

—_ seiatinea

LASCA LEAVES

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS PHILLIP CHANDLER PHILip A. MUNZ WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Garden Northern te a McCLINTOCK Santa Barbara—Dr. KATHERINE K. MULLER Southern California—RONALD B. TOWNSEND

EBoonomic Plants 05855 2. le ace fae ok Dr. RUSSELL J. SEIBERT Geo-botany , faa Plant Patents ee Dr. Louis C. WHEELER Histoticth cca eee ea Mrs. RicHaRD Y. D phanensiaets LoS yeh Glee cut ohne eae VERNON T. STOUTEMEYER Landscape Design .25:556 034 6 Oe RALPH D. CORNELL Native a Fight 6252. Se Rcy C. EVERETT Schidg So a ee ee eae ROBERT CASAMAJOR Ornithalonia! eR ce ae caper re Pace a ites W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM Plant: Miitetigh 2 are MILDRED Davis, PHILLIP CHANDLER Plait Pathology. otek s Nat as ios eee nee ly Dr. PIERRE MILLER Plant: Societiég- so ee eee GEORGE H. SPALDING Propagation nid U sich iui See cee es W. QUINN Buck Succialents 2 oe ee ean es Dr. ALFRED C. HoTTeEs Taxonomy of: Bxotiess eo. 5 ee cds Serre es Dr. MILDRED MATHIAS Taxonomy of Natives 60505, 3 oa Dr. Puiip A. MuNz

JANET WRIGHT, Editor

VoL. III APRIL, 1953 No. 2

CONTENTS Southern California, “The Paradise of America”. .Samuel Ayres, Jr. 10

Expanding Our Horticultural Horizons... .. . Fred W. Roewekamp 11 California International Flower Show ....... Fred W. Roewekamp 12

We. the Editor, ob it es ee eee 15 The Homesite on Rancho Santa Anita....... Susanna Bryant Dakin 16 Motes. atiowta! fi oe ey ee William Hertrich 17 Hugh Evans: Planted). 32. Go, ks Cora R. Brandt 25 Calendar Gun a ee x. 20k, 26 Growing Note. 0/50: ee ge cag es George H. Spalding 29 The Song of the Exhibitor......... to ee S. Reynolds Hole 30 Names, Notes nd News 65-55 5 os i me i Oe 31

DOOk Reviews Gan Comes aa cs 32

10 LASCA LEAVES

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, “THE PARADISE OF AMERICA”

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. President of the Board of Trustees, California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

The California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., in joining forces with the Southern California Horticultural Institute for the purpose of publishing an augmented Lasca Leaves, looks forward with anticipation to a new era of expanding interest in horticul- ture in Southern California.

Since the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum was established through the efforts of the Institute in fulfillment of one of its major objectives, and since the activi- ties of both organizations revolve about the same central theme, it is only logical to draw upon the talents and resources of both groups in the publication of a first-class horticultural journal appealing to the interests and needs of this climatically unique area of the United States.

As President of the Board of Trustees of California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., 1 extend greetings to all readers of Lasca Leaves and cordially invite you to become permanent subscribers and members of the Arboretum. The Editor will have more to say regarding the specific plans for Lasca Leaves, and I am quite certain that no one who is interested in plants and gardening (and who in Southern California isn’t?) will want to miss a single issue.

or those readers who are not already members of the Arboretum, I would say that the primary purpose in creating the Arboretum was to establish a botanic garden which would serve as a practical demonstration to all Southern California of the ornamental plants which can be successfully grown in this area, including both old and new intro- ductions, to the end that more beauty will find its way into our gardens, our parks, and along our streets and about our public buildings. With the proper selection and planting of suitable flowering trees and shrubs, an effect could be created which would compare favorably with the glamour of Hawaii, “The Paradise of the Pacific,” and which could easily earn for Southern California the title of ‘Paradise of America.’’ Most of those living in this area were not born here but came from regions of severe winters. Instead of yearning for the plants of ‘back east” which in many instances are not especially suited to this climatic zone, they should be stimulated to desire the more colorful and exotic plants which can be grown easily in Southern California and which can make this area distinctly and beautifully different from any other part of the country. : er the years many fine new species of plants have been introduced into California by private collectors and planted on large estates, only to be lost when the owner died or the estate was sold or subdivided. It is anticipated that the Arboretum will become 4 permanent living exhibition of the best ornamental plants from all over the world which are adaptable to our conditions. ) e plantings in the Arboretum will be arranged both scientifically and artistically 19 natural groupings and will be accurately labelled. Many interesting features are being formulated by Dr. Seibert, the Director. It is planned to utilize the Arboretum as a horticultural center for Southern Califor-

under way and more will be undertaken as soon as construction permits. Speci emphasis will be placed on the introduction and study of ornamental plants with low — water requirements and on the problem of improving frost-tolerance. |

The historical buildings on the property are being restored and will be preserved 4 _ mementos of the past. The Arboretum constitutes a natural bird sanctuary, and as in the ~ past, it will in the future continue to interest the Audubon Societies.

SPRING 1953 11

It is regretted that the Arboretum must remain closed to the public during the period of major construction. It is hoped that within another year or possibly a little more, it will be possible to open the grounds. In the meantime groups may be taken on con- ducted tours by special arrangements with the Director.

Finally, although the capital improvements are being financed by the County of Los Angeles, there is a great need of additional funds for operation and development and for many special projects. Various classes of membership are available and include special privileges such as subscription to Lasca Leaves and other publications, par- ticipation in the annual distribution of surplus seeds and plants, etc. Donations and bequests for special projects and for the Endowment Fund would be most welcome.

Lasca Leaves will keep you informed of the progress at the Arboretum and will include all that is new and interesting in the world of horticulture in Southern Cali- fornia with special articles prepared by experts in their respective fields as well as notices of special plant society meetings, flower shows, and other news notes.

EXPANDING OUR HORTICULTURAL HORIZONS FRED W. ROEWEKAMP President, Southern California Horticultural Institute

On November 6, 1935, a group of men filled with vision and ambition for the cul- tural growth of our beautiful Southland, banded together to promote an educational program for the advancement of interest in horticulture in Los Angeles communities. They realized the wealth of plant material to be brought to the attention of the average home-owner for individual pleasure as well as for civic benefit. Thus, quite simply, was born the Southern California Horticultural Institute.

From its small beginning this organization has expanded to other projects, comple- menting one another. Much wishful thinking at first was done about a new botanic garden in the southland, about flower shows, plant societies, garden clubs, and a worthy horticultural publication to serve them all. ; eview of events of the past few years show that much has been accomplished in these fields. We are proud to recognize in the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., a valuable step forward in the field of horticulture, and the publication, Lasca Leaves, which they started, is already an inspiration to its readers. ai ;

In joining forces with the California Arboretum Foundation in augmenting this publication, we anticipate a broadening of both our mutual interests and the creation of a wider horizon for its readers. Lasca Leaves should prove to be a common meeting ground for the expression and dissemination of horticultural knowledge, and distinctly a benefit to members of both institutions. Through it we will learn of new work in progress and share the cultural pleasure and profit of being “plant pioneers.

We who have long been working toward a more beauteous and colorful Southern California are well aware of the possibilities of our versatile climate and of the wealth of plant material therefore afforded us. And we realize that in our hands lies the horti- cultural education of our city residents, as well as the promoting of pride in our city beautification program. ae

€ look forward to the day when the Arboretum can share more fully in this by Opening its grounds to the public for both enjoyment and educational benefits. Those

0 to some extent are familiar with these grounds pronounce them beautiful ; those Who have not yet seen them have indeed a treat in store, because of its appeal to nature lovers, because of its wonderful possibilities horticulturally, and because of the historic interest imbedded there.

he common goal of helping to create beauty will bring its own reward of happiness © all who participate in these combined purposes of the Southern California Horti- cultural Institute and California Arboretum Foundation.

ee

LASCA LEAVES

\

CALIFORNIA INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW FRED W. FALL of 1946 William A. Rod-

IN THE man, formerly general manager of ‘‘Gar- dens on Parade’’ at the New World’s Wilcox, prominent nurseryman Montebello, California, conferred about the possibility of staging a large flower show in Los Angeles or vicinity. Spring of 1948 was the date envisioned for its inception.

As a founder and director of Holly- wood Turf Club, Mr. Wilcox arranged a meeting between Mr. Rodman and two officers of the club, Mr. J. F. Mackenzie, General Manager, and Mr. J. D. Stewart, Assistant General Manager. The result was

Flower Show the spring of 1949. Ap-

ROEWEKAMP

proval was voted offering buildings and facilities eRe rental fees.

Meanw as tentative plans went ahead, sareies of the Southern California Horticultural Institute, Inc., an o the Southern California Floral Association met. The forming of a tates a Ex- ecutive Committee resulted, Wilcox elected to General Chairmanship. be Rodman, as General Manager. 0 subsequent meetings came hae = Cali- fornia International Flower Show whos€ ith presentation this year oof be “_ bered among the leading flower shows 0 the countr

Nurserymen, pot- plant growers, scape architects, retail orists, clubs, and horticultural societies Sol

and- anil ed

SPRING 1953 $3

much enthusiasm, and response for ex- hibiting space was most encouraging. An underwriting program of sound basis was planned. Guarantors could only be mem- bers in the industry and upward of $180,- 000 was pledged for the opening show in 194

In 1950 all plans for a second show had to be abandoned because of a fire that had swept the buildings and grounds. But in 1951 the structure had been rebuilt and the second show materialized, rivalling the first in both enthusiasm an

e in order to match and try to surpass the previous exposition, and each year the Flower Show brings forth new wonders. This miracle is wrought by men and women who love the beauty of flowers and gardens, and who are willing to devote months of work and planning to make this show one of the finest exhibitions in the world.

As you enter the Exhibition buildings, y will un-

Nurserymen, cut-flower and orchid grow- ers, retail florists and garden clubs, as well as horticultural societies, conspire to sur- pass their past offerings and successes. Floral material used in the displays will consist of flowers, flowering shrubs and trees, cactus and succulent plants, dwarf, potted and tropical plants, and an esti- mated 50,000 orchids of all types. Anthur- tums in full bloom, several thousand tulips, lily-of-the-valley, daffodils, roses, cinera-

azaleas, as well as the orchids dispersed among many of the exhibits will be major features in the exhi iting.

Feature gardens are expected to be more beautiful than ever before and will be

greater in number. Thirty-eight such gar- dens will run the gamut of ideas: wood- land and tropical; patio and outdoor liv- ing-rooms; backyard gardens; landscaped homes ; water gardens and the use of pools and waterfalls; and many other beautiful and unusual treatments to challenge the

viewers’ interests. One nursery is con- structing a completely landscaped New England village.

This year the entire floor plan is altered. Exhibits are set in winding walk-ways rather than in long, straight aisles as in the past. This permits designers and land- scape architects opportunity to give all exhibits fuller visibility and better scope for striking displays. The first floor of the exhibition will again house the spectacular gardens, international exhibits, garden club and floral society exhibits, private es- tate exhibits, the shopping center, infor- mation booth, cafeteria and side-walk cafe. The Education Group, formerly rep- resented on the second floor, has been as-

schools, aboreta, museums, and confer- ences, will again present a splendid show- ing of informative displays; in addition,

organization, “Los Angeles Beautiful.” The International Section this year fe)

trade commissioners have been working to develop outstanding exhibits typical of their homelands. Spaces are already under construction for Canada, the Republic of China, Great Britain, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Philippines, Spain, Sweden, and Switzer-

and. Garden Clubs on Parade is the theme

14 LASCA of the many clubs and societies that are staging area exhibits. Here, selected with discrimination from the very best, will be exquisite miniature-exhibits, numerous ar- tistic ower arrangements, specimen blooms, and a number of fully developed garden sections illustrating preferred uses of varied flowers, shrubs, flowering trees, and succulents.

The ever-popular Shopping Center is enlarged considerably this year. A veri- table world’s fair of garden materials and aids, including all forms of potted plants, seeds and bulbs, tropicals and succulents, fertilizers and sprays, garden accessories, wall and fence materials, and decorative stone and brick work; plus a photographic supply studio carrying films and flash- bulbs as well as color transparencies of many of the exhibits, for souvenirs—all these and others may be found in the Shopping Center.

During the evenings, the auditorium stage will be under the direction of the Women’s Division of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. Again popular special events will be presented, includin songs, dances, and costumes of our foreign exhibitors. Golden Wedding Day, Ha- waiian Night, Garden Fashions, Photog- raphers’ Day and many more such events of past years will be matched by attractions of stellar quality.

The Second Floor of the Flower Show will, as always, be the mecca of the true flower-lover and the horticulturist. There, vast exhibits of cut flowers, and the artistic and original presentations of retail florists,

ill be found, as well as the most appeal- ing art exhibit yet presented by the Show, including an exhibit of some of the paint- ings of ‘Grandma Moses.”

For the benefit of

hibit and nine trophies will be awarde for merit in design and arrangement, cul-

LEAVES

tural excellence and beauty and originality of theme. Commercial Growers of Pot Plants, 20 classes with highest award $300; Commercial Growers of Orchids, 11 classes with high award of $2,500. award for excellent plant material and skill in display.

Cut Flowers, the schedule is for carnations, anemones, gardenias, gladio- lus, iris, daisies, larkspur, snapdragons, roses, tulips, bird-of-paradise, ranunculus, callas, stocks, delphinum, sweet peas, gen- eral displays and miscellaneous flowers, 118 classes, awards up to $600. The Re- tail Florists Division will hold three sepa- rate stagings, 64 classes, with awards up to $750. for general theme displays. Garden Club entries will be divided into garden plots, flower arrangements, and miniature arrangements with nine awards up to $100

<) i)

A gold medal will be awarded to the most outstanding exhibit in the Retail Florists and Cut Flower Growers section.

trophies for exceptional merit and design.

An innovation of this year’s show will be the awarding of gold medals for the outstanding landscaped garden; for the best cut flower exhibit; or finest retail florist display.

Preceding the official opening will be an invitational premiere on the evening of March 13, conducted by the - Assistance League of Southern California for the benefit of their charities. Information about this premiere can be obtained by calling the Assistance League office.

Hollywood Park again provides the set- ting for this floral fairyland which will once more delight its wide audience. Each year the board of directors of the Holly- woo: urf Club contribute their total facilities to the Flower Show. The show

parking area adjacent to the main build- ing; this assures ample space for even the busiest periods.

e Show officially opens its doors at 10:30 a.m. on Saturday, March 14, and

7 3 3

a i

Pe ee ON Re RTT ee

yee ae ee

SPRING 1953

remains open from 10:30 a.m. to 10:30 p-m. through March 22. Admission charge is $1.00 for adults, 25c for children, plus tax. Public transportation will be provid- ed by Los Angeles Transit Company. General Chairman of the Show is Roy F. Wilcox, noted nurseryman of Monte- bello and Santa Barbara; Manfred Mey- berg of Los Angeles is executive chairman. William A. Rodman has been general manager of the Show since its inception. Attendance last year was recorded as

15

zations dedicated to the advancement of horticulture and floriculture in Southern California. It is endorsed by leading civic organizations.

A featured garden of the International Flower Show this year will be presented by the Men’s Garden Club of Los Angeles, an authentic reproduction of the Corona- tion Coach to be used by Queen Elizabeth at the June Coronation in London. Ex- quisitely made in full color, the coach and equipage extends 35 feet in length and

192,000; with expectation this year of exceeding 200,000. will be complete with eight horses, 18

costumed attendants and a beautiful figure representing the Queen. The background setting will depict an English floral scene en route from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Abbey.

‘ California Horticultural Institute, non-profit organi-

“We’’—the Editor

“We’’ refers chiefly to the advisory Editorial Committee of six members and to the able Editorial Board of some eighteen members. These offices are in no way a sinecure. for those individuals who hold them will serve readers of Lasca Leaves much of the meat to be offered in future issues. This panel of experts is not a closed corporation. Potential contributors from other parts of the world will be heartily welcomed as well as local scholars who may have significant experiences to share in the field of horticul- ture, Monographic material or sundry writings of either horticultural or botanical interest to Southern California will always receive the careful consideration of editor and board; and is herewith solicited.

The various departments enjoined to serve the interests of our readers will gradually speak for themselves as they are developed into a measurable fund of knowledge and information in their respective fields.

vi 4 4

of the Huntington Botanical Gardens, on a subject closely in harmony with the Edu- cational Committee’s theme of the International Flower Show this year, as well as one which has made Mr. Hertrich’s name known around the globe; 3) a word portrait of

One of the southland’s most eminent plantsmen, Mr. Hugh Evans.

CONTRIBUTORS, NEXT ISSUE: Dr. Mildred Mathias—Dept. of Botany,

Horticulture, University of Califronia at Los Angeles

Dr. Philip Munz—Director, Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California

Dr, Arthur Schroeder—Dept. of Subtropical a

University of California at Los Angeles

utsery, Los Angeles

LASCA LEAVES

THE HOMESITE ON RANCHO SANTA ANITA

SUSANNA BRYANT DAKIN

THROUGH the centuries diverse individu- als have fallen in love with the beauty and bounty of Santa Anita. First to dwell in this ‘Place of Many Waters,” which they called Aleupkig-na, were Indians of Sho- shonean stock who built their jacales (brush huts) where the homesite always as been. Here the Gabrielinos lived a peaceful life for an uncounted number of years—entirely off the land.

They fished in the spring-fed lake and ate a variety of small animals, birds, snakes and insects. Grasshoppers roasted on a stick they considered a delicacy. From trees and plants growing on the place came additional food, medicines, cleans- ers, clothing (the little that was needed in

cooking- and storing- pots; feathers, stones and shells for uten- sils and ornaments.

Hugo Reid, a subsequent dweller on the Santa Anita homesite, wrote some re- markably well informed and interesting “Letters on the Indians’’—first published in “The Los Angeles Star” during 1852. He, a Scot, was married to a Gabrielino woman of beauty and intelligence who told him legends of her people, taught him the language, and even gave him some of their more palatable recipes for publication.

After study of the Indian diet and simple remedies prescribed by the medi- cine men (such as wild tobacco pills to cure fever), Reid concluded that “inas- much as syphilis was unknown, brandy and its associates unused, and high living at low ebb, their nosology was ve limited.” Due to diet, and possibly also to the fact that all food was eaten cold, “they carried their teeth perfect to the

grave.

Through the fearless pioneering of his Franciscan friars, the King of Spain ac- quired title to Alta California in 1769. Santa Anita came under ecclesiastical juris-

diction as a mission rancho shortly after the establishment of San Gabriel Mission in 1771. Its status remained unchanged when Spanish rule in California gave way to Mexican in 1822. Administration of Santa Anita by mission padres continued until secularization was completed, in the late 1830's. The rancho was stocked with cattle, horses and sheep—and used purely as pasturage with no structures more per- manent than the identical jacales of Indian herdsmen.

As a reward for the services of Reid’s Indian wife, formerly housekeeper at the

issi fi ictori on Hugo were given Santa Anita by their friends the padres during the secularization pet!- od. In 1839, after becoming a Mexican citizen, Reid petitioned Governor Alvare- do for full and clear title, but did not re- ceived more than provisional title until 1845. During that fateful year, Pio Pico made land grants hastily and indiscrimr- nately to his friends, before fleeing the American conquerors at the end o the Mexican war. The Mexican Governors last minute grants were disputed for many years in American courts.

their early coastal trading days. dolor de corazén (with heartfelt sorrow) I do it,” said Reid of the sale, “for the

situation is beautiful and the ground ¢M —

joyable. (To be continued)

SPRING 1953 17

Large specimen

San Marino,

of Mes arborescens in the ae Botanical Gardens, Californi

ALOES

WILLIAM HERTRICH

Curator Emeritus, Huntington Botanical Gardens

he Educational ee of the 1953 Cal lifornia International Flower Show is featur- ing South African Plants in Souter n California Gardens. Aloes are distinc tively native t ious regions of sas si a. follow ed in the arly um

h Afri Mildred aioe to acquaint both stent pe home gardener with plants from be vast land which thrive also in Our own So yee The rie belong to the Lily family (Liliaceae). They are indigenous mostly to Sor _ Africa. Their distribution, how- tends over many f Africa ere Ethiopia and some we oe islands adjacent to the coast of Africa. Well over 4a hundred and twe nty-five species are known in cultivation and perhaps three or four times as many varietie Many Aloes from South Africa wher-

ever else established tend to maintain their flowering season as it occurs in their native habitat, which is from October through April. This is the spring and summer sea- son of South Africa while it is the fall and ate winter season of southern California. Consequently in the southern California area these plants produce their most abundant floral beauty during months of the year when gardens tend to lack the brilliant colors they provide—chiefly bright yellows, orange, and authoritative shades of red. The candelabra form of the flowering spikes when in full bloom adds handsomely to the floral beauty of this western part of the United States. For the most part Aloes withstand the winters in this area very well. Exceptions have been recorded in 1913, 1922, 1937 and 1949,

—

joes

18 LASCA when temperatures fell to 24° F. or lower, and when age to flora of many kinds was due to the heavy frosts.

Aloes thrive in almost any type of soil, but like the majority of plants they re- spond to good culture. They prefer an

southward to San Diego. Most of the spe- cies grown in southern California gardens are hardy but a few can be grown with certain success only in the warmer coastal areas or other frost-free regions. The latter

answer a variety of landscaping needs and would provide a flowering schedule from October to July, the peak of bloom coming in mid-winter. Judicious choice of the species and varieties now available in the trade would assure such a program.

successfully in th forty years. Experience with them during this period indicates that it is advisable in this climate to renew or re

ent parts of the world. The Mediterranean

LEAVES

region has supplied much of the stock, from both private gardens and commer- cial firms; the most notable source was the famed Lord Hanbury garden, La Mortola, in Ventimiglia, Italy. The writer obtained from there some exceedingly interesting additions to the Aloe collection he stock came from South African Botanical Gardens after contact had been made for mutual horticultural advantage. True species are not altogether easily secured unless seed is carefully collected from iso- lated specimens, because Aloes have a tendency toward cross-pollinization, aided by insects. Bagging is the usual method followed to prevent this. For sheer orna- mental use, however, many of the hybrid Aloes are not only acceptable but in some instances superior to true species—a fact demonstrable at the Huntington Gardens.

ing the 18th century Aloes became

be seen frequently on balconies or ter- races in the homes and gardens of the nobility. Southern California’s climate 1s closely similar to that of t €

tive effects in the gardens here where suc- culents can form such a natural part of the landscaping scheme.

At the turn of the present century vey few Aloes had found their way into south- ern California. The species chiefly grown at that time was Aloe arborescens, one 0 the hardier and more ornamental species. Frequently it was found planted in the ol Mission gardens, particularly in San Diego, San Juan Capistrano, and Santa Barbara, where the coastal climate favors its growth and development. Aloe vera 1s another notable species in use at that time and earlier in the history of this country, possibly, in fact, the Aloe mentioned in earliest Greek and Roman histor when plants were valued for their therapeutic properties. The historic use of this spect€s forms an interesting study. It is a smoot

and grey-green leaved plant with know? —

| j j |

SPRING 1953 17

medicinal qualities in the leaves, especi- ally effective in the treatment of burns that

fornia—a solid mass of them apparently washed into an Arroyo basin. A curious fact about young Aloe plants

many of the mature Aloe plants having trunks from four to six inches in diam-

time or afterwards. Thi chemists to figure out! Propagation of Aloes is a comparative- vs casy matter, either from seed, cuttings, ‘visions, or adventitious rootings. Seed

s is one for the

from the majority of species is abundant and it germinates readily. Germination is accomplished most successfully in seed pans or flats. From such pans young seed- lings may be transplanted after a few months to containers allowing more room for the individual seedlings to develop; and from these containers, plants may be placed in an open fram ground bed with little overhead protec- tion. After approximately two years from seeding time, depending upon the species, the plants are usually strong enough to

: fo) these seedlings will begin to bloom after the third year, others take from five to six

Saf

ears. A quicker method of propagation is by severing a portion of the plant including a

how large the head taken for propagation use; in the experience of the Huntington Gardens, suk weighing as much as twenty to fifty pounds have been success- fully rooted. Especially adapted to this method are all species and varieties of the branching types (e.g. arborescens, ciliaris, plicatilis, Salm-Dyckiana, spinosis- sima, tenuior, striatula, and others of simi- . lar growth habits). This method is known as vegetative propagation.

points immeasurably simplifies the (bi ure of propagation, for ivision quickly becomes a separate plant. Professional growers who take advant- age of the ease with which Aloes may be propagated have found that there is a market for thousands of them as seed- lings, used in conjunction with other suc-

20 LASCA LEAVES

Close-up of Aloe africana in the Huntington

Botanical Gardens. A tall-flowering species.

rriving in €x-

pr, aan. for oh uses. Specie adaptab oO su treatment loe ferox, Marlothii, and rapestrs all of

which form striking and o little plants in their ‘areal stages; the rate of growth is slow enough to be scponsnpdatina:

great deal of variation as to size, form aad — occurs among floes. For

undue watering device. Such a location is further improved, as far as Aloes are con-

cerned, by raising the level of the ground above worn thus ae the adequate drainage they requi The listings of Mos below include species grown in the Huntington Gardens for many years, proving themselves suit- able to a variety of garden situations. Many more might be included were it not for the fact that experience has taught us that some are too tender for general use, in the light of the fact that we occasionally have very severe winters when heavy frosts can destroy, within forty-eight hours, land- scaping effects so carefully planned and created. Other species appear to pre efer more humid atmosphere than southern California affords in its inland valleys. Still others so closely resemble the listed items that there would be only duplication in effect. elaborate botanical description ac- companies this listing—only enough in- formation to guide the average horticul- turist in choosing the types of Aloes suit- able to his or her garden scheme. SMALL SPECIE Among the small ‘pecs I would re- commend the followin oe avistata—a favorite with many garden- ers from the sacle 19th century t the nei - perhaps because of the parti-cc pioced foliage, itself Flowers oma ia

(see ee), but harc A. barbertoniae—a native « Eas Cae Transvaal where ene temperatures range from a minimum of F. Dense f0- ) lea of reddish tinge over the gion ‘margin s er stalk to 3’ ft red to cor an with a noticeable ck are raceme cat es ra—formerly and antl fairl as A. age laos but now hoiding t t by discoverer, ‘i a : somewhat rare type of eristics common to n cn decumbent stems form leaf clusters in rosette pattern. In its oa ground in well drained positions

yf Barberton in the

follows a curious habit of growth, the clun ae developing in circular or semi-circular forma-

tion; if in semi-circle, the opening in the horse shoe u ually face st, according to the au roams accounts of G. W. Reynolds in his recently biahed monographic material on Aloes. iew section of this issue

(See bas »%k Revi of Lasca Leaves).

SPRING 1953 21

A, Davyana—a dwarf plant bearing flower BE ier to a soaps! pas? spits blossoms in sun-burst effect at

istan Sane ese rallied to A. mitraeformis described below e ead whi what straggling habit of growth; irregularly et Paya flower stalk inclines tow al the hor

A. glauca—foliage eke tone self-described in spec name, (from glaucous, “with a blu- ish-white bloom” en); pale red a Ate ation. archi

elie marg

florescence of fade ddish s. Leaves spotted white with broad cae ape es nds ; in dense rosette pattern; each be lon

with marginal tan or pinkis ers “Native

grows best when protected pe all-day

humilis—tends to gr of = ants ; ute foliage see rosette blue-gree a i nflorescence abou tall, re :

E Boor

orm, scarlet

ar with bright valine

' 3 igma—itte ularly spotted leaves with whitch “H”’ sha ea gs aiines: ndividu- ally about 10” in len pea inflorescence to 30” tall, single flowers orange-red g from deeper red buds, with blue- “arey tips.

: a ormis—hardy mewhat sprawl

5 ing plant; tiangular-shaped brittle eaves; bea ae inflorescence of deep reddish rose.

pect plants if undisturbed cover a areas mudenensis—of Saponaria group (see be-

: ow) oe e of Muden, Natal; br instore ard es of orange-red to o salmon-orange flowe s, the

ull whens to te them. —nam d ne Miss Alice

"Tr aves on rocky - Compact, globular, like a loose

pic color, the opened flowers becomin st chartreuse, accented by purple fiigeniciad

A. pratensis—small bushy plant; glaucous foliage; to 12” in height. Short a ee flowers a soft orange with green t Propa- rs

its medicinal Sie dal (6.2. fadigestions of howls diseases of calves, open wounds of live sto tock). speciale he fe broad flat heads of numerous soft ii sa flowers. A small hardy plant to abou

ele in foliage which is soft tone of pars

natives use it for

wers in lax racemes. Leaves occur ranks as three, gracefully clustered, individual shar ape; dark g with white

long mis in transverse band. Especially strike t, and does well in ground wher

wering—a

Atlantic

Indian Ocean in the east,”’

at L

repeat gia ns and wana ave been estab-

ished. It is a variable ecies, differing greatly rm

i) ao. oa) 5 35 , aa * co wn rm a

Poole _— i wn p Oo can) om a oe o Qa.

n color and form a difenot localities. Freely suckering, it s dense groups; the foliage

arked with ural whitish pots carries a pur- plish tone over glaucous pai e sphier ed when oung. Lax racemes of dull red in color, | are borne on etter gf ponte stalks to about 4’; well branched.

MEDIUM SIZED SPECIES A group of Aloes that can be considered for areas requiring somewhat large and spreading growth to cover the nes are the rowing medium-sized pails

A. ciliaris*—a plant similar in c aeiae habit

to A. distans and A. mitrae jormir = San bove among the smaller-size liaris, however, is capable = bse covering

Thi n stems about the siz in all “directions,

tive records reveal that sometimes these ‘stems

*Climbing or clambering tendencies.

22 LASCA each 20’ lengths. Leaves are comparatively eth grey-green, spreading away em, and recurvi a of bright coral red owe very ornate plant n full bl m

audi baat ms ma ae ce d clumps, and a many-branch hed nig oo of dull red blossoms pa yeniguaap- id mall. Somewhat tender Leaves an o Ste per green, Seal at base, acutely ee is

nes A ee nD of the dwarf-sized species among the larger to medium-sized Aloes, s far as foliage is concerned whi

on un the flower stalk with branched inflorescences of red flowers often reaches a 4’ i A note of chemical import: the sap dries

a oe purple or violet color. (See Reynolds,

4 cola—a smooth-leaved — like a ee desc

ribed below; dull green lea with reddish anes in stiffly —— clusters with incurving rae dee red than op urn os Pals be yel-

igre rte

when quite aeied the flower spike

thus graduated in color tones. Plant grows to 4’ ee

oe ae beautiful sbders color-

flow aves a

ing, “both in foliage and in s

light green pees with greyish Sowde sub- tance. Flowers a rose pink to rose red, also diac -_ re gr y gx m. Inflorescence sometim height. Leaves nes I Perey go sft gree 4 or 5 dozen a

yh ee found in protected sitations rahe n in sea fully exposed

the s ie oO ooth narrow leaves to ves pee Pa ones blend reddish tones over the dark green. Inflorescence to 30%, in sl spikes whi ello

of the hed) gabe a rescenc bro me flat, co reat ange sty fone pate densely massed. No coflertiod should without hybrids of i striata seta ik ed tise than the type and = en more beautiful. str ak a*—produc

; flo owers

redidiah-¢ “ohenie in "the : yello ow in the

*Climbing or clambering tendencies.

~ aged pe the severe winters

LEAVES

variety, caesia. Quickly grown from cuttings. eee ng’’ type. be uccotrina—a variable — including a tee rm with rant , and distinct Hegel tee Clum ore cover several yards of sittin: 7 icf sculegebed in their ark red flowers, ve in

e Island A ut A. succotrina ote ws

r in habit to A, striatula, some-

what less arpebette ems m ,

o 10’ in length, enabling the plant to give appearance of covering wide areas f ground Blooms mid-win flowers, yellow. General

eds.

ruby. iflora*—only slightly di ferent botanical Brot the type; the flowers ane h yellow tips. ivelaaeeaeek variable species with re- gar ie a flower sah shape and color—the latter ages ies eink to orange Bias Abou O12” it in oli height, but ? o 3’ 0 rn Iky-green yaaa

~ ® za

silt acca able species ae a

nho I at the Huntington; although prior to this the species had been grown in the Huntington Gardens some twenty years ago

LARGE SPECIES

Where larger Aloes can be pare requiring large areas for their full de- velopment and effect, the following large-

ee rele ee may “ee arbor —much at in agree Cites Man br sit lg Fon the toc F orm ultimately large shrubby spec ame be these plants. mass of sing fe sates ed florescence, of bright coral, provides pic in eacite all he

n Of slow gro ‘I eee and re- branching repeate y specimen which in time br ebay ioe tall; lat: eight hich in — dth. Leav . i 12” lon or more peed aaa y

2. c wn -_ © , 5 p =] Sag =]

to poeta “Batortunately this species 1 as som la pecimens were

of 1937 4 and

sabrina

atten sor igh some — smooth and

SPRING 1953 23

1949. They pen be planted more extensively in the coastal regions where such damage is not a ive.

y hardy. ai atur the Hunti ington Gantens 10’ to 12’ tall and 15’ a SS.

Spinosissima—a noble plant, one of the bee aybeis: Freely eunchiag to form large vi ae lee specimen. Free-flowering, as

TALL SPECIES For background plants a number of /all, single stemmed Species may be recom- mende ay are plentiful in number to choose from the dramatic effects’ pro- duced tis them highly desirable for such purposes: (Not te: othe arrangement here is accord- ing to size, from the smaller to the larger, rather than pi ieee | )

eata—up t r n plant size, 08 crow: with group He pric which g an added height of two or

bloo P

Closely elaed a, but favihg bright gr reen foli-

h orves an echo of t pike: baa lower -spike casurement 18”, dense and Mons conical.

folia age.

a row; scarlet tubu- &1

- Thraskii—tall pyramidal appea varie given Y persistence of leaves which fall against the tall single stem and for .

stems ; soms, coral color, Natively grows in ‘almost

pure sand, never more than few hundred yards from the sea, in Natal. Highly productive of nectar

A. rupestris—a remarkably slender type of single-stemmed Aloe, with branched infl cence to 24” in height.

ct orange-yellow, opening seal yellow, and exerted stamens protrudi ae se vermillion. Foliage isaalie a dull ark

ro fedibe —single simple stem unk,

hea bearded with old leaves two- tints the

way up; living foliage a dull green, gouged pointed a ‘seddtah tips; inflorescence of s

can alahea-forasion”.

to 15’

ower i : up

height, 4” to 5” thick. Freely used in Mediter- ranean region for decorative potted or tubbed plants.

wa eesti coor to A. ferox, but stouter trunk, more heavily bearded er old gh, Place less armed and s m- peal Sarat

Cee “Province, with propor rionate branching. orn

light grey t pel horas ” in diameter. Lemon- yellow inflore EST SPECIE

The large se ‘al Coe ie stands alon

dinesii—sometimes referred to as “the gigantic Aloe.” ifty-foot specimens not un- on in its native far-east and west South

ican habi nse ppdaalicst daped racemes of flowers of aa pink. Deeply chan

nelled leaves, dull gree

tender at Huntin ngton ‘Gables: several speci-

mens los “a in 1937 and 1949 dur ring inte

ve suitable, however, for tal

plknun ee setts should be used more pane rc bo colt ale

for Note: The es of South Africa by Gilbert Westacott penis publis oye in late 1950, is

n

nce the writer feels t prehensive work available to date on this sub- Nu s illustrations in or, as well as in half tones, e this a most commendable wo r mend to a — gardener, or actientiseiet who wishes ursue on subject Excellent srscrtone within the boo

further. itself lead to the best textual and Mute

material available

S

rr)

ee > <q aa] = < O < we

SPRING 1953 25

HUGH EVANS: Cora R.

TE: Reprint of article in oi abe! nal ar oh Caine Horticultural Society, xii. October, gt with eg “changes at te ue gestion o Mor and with the knowledge “aid consent oo "Miss fizande to bring it up to dat

ae the delight and pride of ae s

y is literary talents as well a for his horticultural gifts, and we fe As es larly d in having a father who has the

a nd great Kindness a ee min an understanding

The ese quoted apie a recent pies from

Do roe Evans McKee

e, of his daughters, evoke Leneaediansly the esbaahis Oo ugh Evans, and in min f those who have known him, there forms the welcome image o the tall, re man i Id broadbrimmed hat, but with remarkable end ce, who is one

h n fail to nastics his ‘scholarly quali-

ties or the kindl ly humor - which his daughter

makes But most of us who liv t

his Auch Evans than ae

On : e other hand there was in Seca ends during their earlier yea of t keen f interest in plants that le hi idden cages the surface activities = his life although they were always con “at of being surrounded by beauty in the gardens of their vari

i d absor S energies that his native inheri ited

sag and delight in exotic ha. material had

ugh Evans was born in England on Febru-

7 Nh 1874, on a be autiful estate in the City

tamford on t iver Welland, a few miles

of Leicester and south of Lincoln, at the Ba the counties of Nor ampton a

Inshire me His father, a solicitor by

a a was also a kee steely nas e

Other shared this interest as w e liter-

ary inclinations which eked. oe family.

PLANTSMAN BRANDT The garden was extensive and boasted several

PNA eee which made their contributions to both house and grounds. These surr i

o ° ey Pic] 4 -o = at og o or

n eee creating garden

s parts of the world to which they gos ally scattered. . McKee writes again, sister and I stayed with some of his sisters gi a

brother in Italy an ngland—and to our surprise and interest, we realized that Dad and his brothers and sisters scattered to the far cor- ners of the world were all carrying on the Evans heritage passionate love of nature and oul dens ned seg c wisiesiak minds and

ey personal Bei middl of those nine ong meant "that conexant gs rtunities w pnfyen! restricted for Hugh Evans elder sons succ id to such

tice d ges as were

offered owever, like his brothers, he

s a Marlborough boy and might, like them,

have gone on to on ee his interests and i

fornia of the family had settled earlier. In spite of the unusua ad haar attach- ment between himself and his fam y Pt A net always by constant corresponde

mother and fa ited ees in

thaps he, consciously Sa ng the

ciously, was svoiding the ¢ return to sf ng youthfully proud -: his skilled

yar and atte It w ash oek fight the wild sath “hat infested it

now by artificial aaa yan lemon groves suffered and, finding that, in addition to all the otter aifhoaities there was

where he remained two years. In 1 e started a nursery business at 440 South Broad way at Sycamore e. It ved, how- ever, to be but an abortive attempt to make a

em living in the line he loved, since it did not pro- duce enough to support a growing family.

26 LASCA

n the meantime, Hugh Evans had met Fe eateied Muriel Morgan, whose father, also

he Morgan family pi which he felt

i poration: to add t th ny he h Iready secured from atin t parts, especially Australia ont outh Africa. e gr sat :5 4th Street in Santa

Monica drew discriminating visitors in great ae and a2 desire secure for them- ves the int Bg csceal such tar saw 5 5 edie lly a and displayed soon had Mr. Evans carrying sag tures in — as a side pee a the same tim

enter of bo canicel and _ horti- cultura ‘inte fo cident all over the coun-

With the turn of times that — the “big of the thirties and its co: the real estate busin

ted e

e pa - Evans & Reeves w

one ollowing list of pla duced both before and after

oO the octlican

came into ate thr ue the paiva ni Mr Evans wit ck Reeves, himself a son of an old ii 6 ily r., in f.

Reeves, deal of credit for ills.

LEAVES

of the nursery, was obtained from Mr. Evans and his son ies ck, and gives some idea of the extent to which we are all indebted to Hugh Evans—a bie rig hoki by ee as “partial”

hic estly comm tis to say positively that

n ‘ - then wa hase vet in. That has Haspens ned a goo

1924 icons

Aster fruticosus, Baeckia virgata, Dae Gerrardian aela

na, Cham ucium

ciliatum, interi (this in Rbadichon from En spots is roan ired by Mr. Evans to be one of his bes

__ Abel Schumannii,

ntroductio ons:

Cos a an the following species of Eucalyptus: angulosa, aesia, constricta ucis, des 5 ete mophil ee ory coe tiana, grossa, mac- Seaties carpa, Oldfieldii, Preissi- a, pyefonms. reneasd spathulata, Steed maki Stricklandii, tetraptera, torquata Gre- villea pend arin oe obtusifolia, G. or sate poda, G. nicu rosmariniformis, G.

Wilsonii chins dias Strophanthus spe-

536 oh hee tones pti gyi Athan- sple

m (several / enaeae Tibouchina laxa, Wotinen rosmarini ifor a corymbos

i

1929 Introductions: Dimorphotheca spect t longiflora, Senecio confusus,

: Bougainvillea praetori- S.

ensis, Fuchsia ace i et 1931 Introductions: Brachylaena_ elliptica, Thenardia floribunda. 1932 is troduction: Bougainvillea Afterglow.

9 sina bee eae ontia pentantha, Bepeaiiee Barbar Other introductions a ps cium gracile —— a 940 i, E-pectinat

1939: Seeciene

Bougainvillea * Panama n Most of the oe varieties and t ; chamaelauciums we uced from wes Australia in policies pcre E. O. Orpet ©

Santa B ia iety were importe ies awaii, ermude, “T trinidad and other counties

als have beet imported including Calliandra snuequilatert

*

EE OT te EE Te ee

ii a i i

SPRING 1953 i?

Dais cotinifolia, Erythrina lorraine Erythrina (several undetermined speci E. speciosa, Bi nfo nitida, i ubinia de ty Vais V oinierana, eren ichosporum gr ey Rae auma Hodgsonii, Cienf gosia hakeifolia was brought in

distribution by the Bureau of Plant Introduction of the A, Uu illea O

was imported as late as 1945 and several others are now on hand, although not as yet on th

market. *

It is rather startling to realize that we owe so many thin sae that are today a_taken-for- ur landsca a to ae recent cnbeenfise of this man

c cha hacks auciums

reat number of dwarf eucalyptus lants with o

tested cs pla sar teks thers ih all esos

vans’ favorite During all this time the Evans home had be-

‘et A

went on, kept her house open to al

people Spatially to - ee bes her chide. he Sunday night S and a

as present politics in

the ch horticultural seid als : pepe

€ children are all interested, e wn of t

= ies 2a a date (Spring, ge Fie ees F; Dawn, Ros ueen, mpl pe ain be added ; the latter to ae oe se in Pril,—a true bush for. a osy red bracts

i . profusion several foc a

Pacific Islands.* The two daughters had ini sent to visit the family in the Old World w the idea Sirs they, too, quainted w Evans to ae ce eat satisfaction in bas seeing that another link was est wae shed with the home of ntinuance of tradition. the

ho is also well-known throu C for his successful Lonerey of fuchsias, pelar- goniu nd hibiscus. A late addition the hese areas: are ‘the orchids which have a prominent feature at the nursery. use of cymbidiums Bae €

3s thhows ate er lathho evi ees of this interest and of Mr. Eva in cine proper sienihestion. of thi diferent varieties. usiness, from which Mr. Reeves on

recently separated himself, is now under management of ber of the firm arrangemen Pike already bach hone ey mak wing his father, is in the real estate and

appraisal n mind an ing for usiness, is active in the directorate of the com- pany e€ rs incor-

close friends as well

es. s are all very ¢ tly in their direc-

— rather in their qualities. They all have fine gardens " Anis own in Will Rogers a s gar ous ae He

st

than Bernard’s interest ce aaaly ie t auty h can create with any of these schtatiglse Of he ob na ghters, rete the elder, ogy her

green thumb i t. Cre .. she, too is happily. $ Hy a eae ily; gl younger, Marjorie, — like ae ‘eathaes in Will

Roses Canyon

Mr. Evans is much sought — as a con- tributor by ict papers ves Deanna s in which use of ae ic te enchon as well ro gardens and sea Getic the power of

eau

The esteem in which he is held is shown by the many Jct aleas vari of plants ears

for him. There has long a Fuchsia Hugh Evans (a Fetard itroluction) there is also a Camellia Sasanqua vans, and late

Cymbidium likewise races his name. The red-

*Since the ghia ve ine article, Mr. Morgan Evans tells us he ‘made a loop all the way around the wo

28 LASCA

flowered Br egtesert pags is always asso- ciated with him of his proudest in- toductions and in pe more valuable in in almost extinct in West

ear Mr Ev ns

plants into an Hon

that organization since

It is a rare pleasure to meet and talk with

LEAVES

this sage of seventy- bole years, still se interested in what goes on in the nurse in new methods of cae still regretting, in looking over pee tae of — beautiful and in ken,’ mo

pas rom my several in the Stat Co) and of the a

nts of his pceiapane gently scornful . the» not-too-adventurou alwa ous sane _ 00 i He nee “good st

The gardens is for ee Sill the

He himself quotes as an own stile the following lines of Francis Bacon:

“God Almighty first planted a garden, and indeed it is the purest of human

ings an a grow to civility and e fi

which, build-

when aie

spirit of men; wi man shall eve

ne sig a if gardening were ae greater perfection.’

CALENDAR

Southern California spootlanaibalets paeges meets the third Thursday of each month, at the Recreation Building at 18th and Tobe man, Gia. Angeles. ions di peat 7:30 p.m.; meeting call to ecier * *

soe calif er aegis — the

ond Thur: of e November— April, aden at Jef hos AaiaHor: ium, corner o Avenue an Villa Sh. mellia display, 7:30 p.m.; meeting me to = 8 ae

Q.

International ee Show Inglewood: March 14th through the a

Sou en Catto Soria Flower and Garden og te 19th. At Fannie

Orchid re San es ienig’ the — hursday, at Michillinda Women’s Club, South Rosemead Piya, Pasadena.

Annual Meeting : the aes Chapter of the esis 1 Shade Tree come will be held

r at the Miram tel, Santa Monica, California, ome 13-16, Node sive. Of particular interest to those thing are concerned with tre care and managemen

oe iiarseesg ao Bide renee! of the aed na Women's Saba _ 58 Sout Sierra Madre AYE, Pasadena 8 p.m

American ek ee ue Gabriel Branch: at Masonic Temple, 506 So on Santa Anita, Arcadia. The 4th Wednesday.

shades Rose Society: first Thursday of each onth, at Odd Fellows Poa 175 N abi Los

Robles Ave., Pasadena. 8 p (Picnic meet- — planne d from May to ‘Oichiber at coped locations, by announcement. )

* “S *

Turf aston tee Research, Advisory Com- — mittee: ing on the yee - "Eaton's, S, Santa pred ne Dinner me 6 sponsored by the Arboretum. Reservations should be — with Fred eka Room 223, geles City H

pril: eave sponsorship by Southern Cali- fornia Golf Associatio ay: under sponsor — hip of California Association of Nurserymen.

une: ee eg California Fertilizer ssociation. These meetings are of spect ial 1 _

est t 0. thos Ge eeested in, and concerned w turf cultu

es California B Botanists: announcement of © ings. Rancho Santa Ana Bo- —

*

The Calendar Ae e is ‘eae to keep you { posted on regular meeting dates of cic nge

are asked to s Lasca Leaves (Box 688, = ag later than the first of tr, h d September to meet the louneelsy press date dly include the e person to

irected,

Kin correspondence may ety name, meeting dates, and place of m

socie ing

SPRING 1953

Acacia Steedmani in bloom at the Arboretum.

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE Acacia Steedmani

The Be Ripon Acacia, at least in its younger

oe =] — a

r he Pp

Arbore tum

adds _ considerable

7 flowers are one-half inch balls of

the loveliest species this writer

H. SPALDING

pure — yellow and practically smother the

plant is a shrubby Acacia with a rounded form.

Seed planted im legcmapeie 1950, germinated in nine days w no special treatment. The

plants were set a the field in April, 1951 According to information in Australian nursery Ca

italogs this species is only SuPPO sed to reach,

in height, a maximum of three . Two of three plant our collection, have made

ouble this ils One plant has o Vv reached at feet. This is not unusual as ny plants

when grown out of their native habitat often

30 LASCA act completely different. They are ah six feet with a spread of four to five fee = : ost attracti aw pruning Hea older to keep them attrac- tiv

Solanum macranthum

f you are lookin uick growing,

> olanum macranthum. It is larged leaved somewhat spiny, and rather succulent in appear- The leaves resemble those of the pin o

LEAVES

inch flowers are a good lavender color vs a sic bundle of yellow stamen mi column in the center. ao hey are borne in satan clusters of ten to fifteen. olanum macran aban is ae winter hardy at is minor factor as

by seven inches wide. The

Reynolds Hole), in tion of articles for the London Guardian. titled “A Book About

“There’s my Lilliu Th

“Here comes my wife! Now.

with such interested in this arge, one to two

THE SONG OF THE EXHIBITOR S. REYNOLDS HOLE

“Oh, give me air, and syringe me with wpe of ee seed, and o pe try to keep my head up, but down it pan ag Just like those fuser stooping secon welt ined the ‘sickly men.’ ’m a poor, used-up exhibito Knocked out of present time.

e been to all the flower shows, north, south, and east, and west, i ge van loads of plants I love the best usk to dawn, through night to morn, dozed ‘mid ok and din, n woke, with cramp in both my and haities: on my chin. *m a poor, used-up exhibito Knocked out of present ie

“Oh, my orchids look most awk’wardly—stove pits are stoved-in quite— Like my Melon, cut up by the judge, a capaelag pe ! They've broke my Cissus “ll +6. bits, as thou And they’ ve shag in all directions my pny Maiden's s “Hair. ‘m a poor, used-up exhibitor, Knocked out tof peter ane:

“Look at Erica depressa—depressa, yes, inde

ed, alderman ope ae, Adon a heavy Agr

As though an And as for poor Propend ough to make Bad — —_ this blasted heath like Macheth i in hibe ole

a poor, used-up e€ Knocked out of i Ro dine um auratum, shrivelled up, and hee yrs son aponicum,’ for ie ag as t

nak -up exhi Knocked ou of present ae

n we — hurrah for ae ext show! ne, revived estilo, Quite up to present times.”

Just before the turn of the present century, the Dean of Rochester (S. n England was constrained to include the above in his collec

t was ultimately printed in orm, the Garden and = Gardener,” as pleasant a bit of enchant-

ment as one could find j in any age or e

ose who are striv- ing for a tropical effect it is very worthwhile.

SPRING 1953 31

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

Lasca Visitor:

Dr. A. Y. Goor, Head of Forestry in Pales- tine, was a recent visitor at the Arboretum. Dr. Goor had spent a ie in Australia devoting time to te study of the Eucalypts in relation to their use in lise reforestation prog’ m of Israel. Dr. Goor’s interest in Sout nal fornia area centered around the Enea RAs spe-

an international purpose, as as a companied by stav Jurens of U For eats Service with w he conferred. Arrangements ereby authentic

were made seeds and « cuttings fri acl oF plants men- be incorporated in t he Arboretum, a «wel: come and added ofering from Dr. Goo

Will the desert Spee

Dr. Frits Went’s studies,

on southern California eet with relation to climatic factors, the rains of this season have been ple at enough to assure an ex cellent wild How : oe bo spring on the des An tenet how

is ie Death Valley Sata eh tasulficient rains have fallen

Dew Research eat Pasc Israel.

if ry fora period o ior to study the effects re dew on plants nile c

rolled laboratory conditi

cipitation and its effect on plants is an sniely new field of research—one which should result of ant a in the fundamental rpipes uset of pla wth in arid and semi-arid regio of the word

M evani has invented the first practi- cal gauge pe the recording of

tion of the first Dew rding Station in t a States, at the Los Angeles State and | ounty Ar oretum. Another a is under s Process of stig Sane | at Fobes alm Wells in M o Va fe a teed will be

installed at California Tasttute of Technology.

Krillium aa n

. Since last March (1952) the Arboretum has ad a contract with Monsanto Chemica m-

ag to field-test Krillium soil conditioners on € home a ardener level. These tests have been

conducted by Mr. is in, ie Arbore-

A Ms Research Assistant, with lawn grasses,

Owers, and vegetables next issue of ca Leaves will article by

Seed Co., Ferry, Morse

Seed sry rup-King

Germain’s, Hagen’s Nursery, North-

x Dr. Frits Went, as our ibeal readers know,

is in hace of Earhart Pla

tory, of the California Institu

ral Con 5 ee ae y the aria Soci was interesting to note what a large prberion of the papers presented i f botanical or plant

ed by ew growers : : imagine "that = eh po have been very differ- nt here in Am wa public interest in

scientific eer s is pecs “The pageantry = of English “ator very see. For ins

e about those responses is just what ate exotics in n

is more rticultural activity in urop n in America. Since, however, botan nd ho Iture have started to develop so re- ently in the United States, the rate of gro here greatly exceeds that 1 rope, ave not caught up as yet. It is through activi- ties like the Los Angeles State and Cou A that we will have to catch up with in Eu

er therefore the egned of ay fowers had been exceptional. de tunity in ee cting a

as postales They will be tested in the Rosa Laboratory.

32 LASCA LEAVES

BOOK REVIEWS and COMMENTS

The Aloes of South deed Gilbert West- 520 pp. Illus. Index.

Piet of South : Wes: A. by pee Press, 132 W. Union ee ee ene $11

Ana hase sllnstzaied work, both in color and half-tones ; can we el € considered the best ‘ io

under the speci

Growing ang res Orchids and Other

Flowers—Louis oyle. Ti eae Mirror-Press, ng

he lor ae Los pawelcs en industrial activity was just gaining Hebenha, Louis Boyle's a

ys and the advent tells in a ena manner of the early develop- ent Ha 2 geles and Southern California

s he s Relati bing ‘the we Pak hig of his El Rancho Pet ic mee in Oja

mo. 700 pe anne that can only be described as eh, to bring to the reader his dream o r d Cymbidium flowers he loves ell. Mr. le k will have oe greatest appeal for his many friends whose and pictures are included, and those who segues ee early at this communi ty, as well as C diu enthusiasts who never tire of talking about their

favorite Howes and seeing photographs of well- rown specime

Two valuable records are incorporated: Dr. Gustav A. L. Mehlquist’s paper on mo- som

bi sd the y RT Gnar JOR

Plants, Man, a Life nye

rt A. Anderson. Little, Brown and

gar Boston. 1952. 245 pp. . $4.00.

Illus. (16 drawings) and indexed 00 Edgar erson opened up paths of bo- cal study whic been far too little

travelle. lively enthusiasm has infused

eeds at our af

have given up any attempt to name them pre- — n Dr. drat s judgment, the accu- rate classification of the

is of more importance than that of all the pitas plants in the world, | becau ia concern not only agriculturists and

plant- parte but also anthropologists and histo Pong he points out, unconciously as well as — deliberately, carries whole floras pai — globe that we actually li a tran-

ballast—weeds that w young. And so “the hist sap of man,” and his migratio uch tec chaiques as the Bareseoglt study — of nes grains from buried and p echisi sites, the study of root ti

n tory ot eae is the

maize, e av wild erate ito For understanding this particular problem, Dr. An-

derso act co-o0 of histor-

ians, anthropologists and ethno-b ee ats, In

c ’ rt of Our Important Crop

Plants and their Probable Origin,” he sa

general review, he tells us, of what is or is not out the doco of our emg plants.

estern Mex ees primitive pe a s lon nt-breeders but ~

ere not nibs care to pr e the fi f thei ps. ie from an apparently tangled and planless garden a

sheets—an ingenious method de Anderson which he calls ‘‘an inclusive herbaria. Mira C. SAUNDERS

os Sisto of Hometl-Macie ce Neal. Bishop

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

TREN S585 tia A areas dea ee Apa on Dr. SAMUEL AYRES, JR. PRN oi gh 4 See ing ea eet eae aes Mrs. Harry J. BAUER MICO ONT osc Cw te kes ta eee ROBERT CASAMA JOR SYREN Cas as ne ee eee Howarp A. MILLER Mrs. LAWRENCE BARKER WILLIAM HERTRICH MANCHESTER Boppy JOHN C, MACFARLAND RALPH D. CORNELL SAMUEL B. MOSHER Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN Mrs. WILLIAM D, SHEARER Mrs. THOMAS FLEMING Dr. Frits W. WENT

JOHN ANSON Foro, Ex-O fficio

HONORARY TRUSTEES

Mrs. J. E. HARTON Frep W. ROEWEKAMP CHARLES S. JONES Roy F, WILcox

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF

Dey RUGGED SOBER os oi onsale Director GEORGE HE SPALDING fe 2 Oe Fees Superintendent LOUS Bi MAN ee ak Research Assistant We SN ie Ree ce van Cais Propagator TT RAEAS SAND ee a re eee Plant Recorder DEWEY TIRES ON Oe a ie os oes veces Custodian TWEEMA/G. DUAMCHARD Coy Oe ee eel Secretary JANET WRIGHT oss co aetuce te Research and Library (part time) MEMBERSHIPS Annual Associate PREROEIS Doo Sis fas pen 8 Oy Holy $ 5.00 Annual GRD OPINI cies ck xe cage cee Vice ee te 10.00 Annual Contributing Memiberhin 6.6 cea s hee et ca ts 25.00 Annual oustaining Members 60 toes canes en 38 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership <6) cu 235 Geis sola Sus Vac es 250.00 Life RCSB os ae ic poi ee rk ps 500.00 POUNCE SO i ee ee ek $1,000.00 or more Bee tee iia ee ae ee ee 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, front $10 a year or more.

All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law.

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

Operaten By CatirorniA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

shen MB et ee

~ >. ¢ La % , ad LA We ."

ee ‘ 7 “d 2 UR aay eS " oY ih 4 apa ay ~ 2-9, ete ort 2 ET ae

es Fé 2 'S be ~— i Oo

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

athe te tt @

ARCADIA

fi 4 WY ALS

Vol. III, No. 3

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1953

PONIOEE Co ee lee ay eb ee Frep W. ROEWEKAMP a PPE ee es hs a's bbw ns RALPH H. CORNELL RROD Grit wets eae a a Ss aed ee os 8 GEORGE H. SPALDING ee ie ev aan be be ees KENNETH BISHOP

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD EARLE E. HUMPHRIES MANCHESTER Bopby MILDRED E, MATHIAS HowarRD BODGER ALFRED W. ROBERTS PHILIP CHANDLER VERNON S. STOUTEMEYER Percy C. EVERETT RONALD B. TOWNSEND

RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AyRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL

ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG

Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR.

HuGH Evans Roy F, WiLcox |

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MEETINGs: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building, 18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

a Na a a ll i al

Ee TIES ET eR Oe eS Ee ae

LASCA LEAVES

The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMA ag MILDRED MATHIAS PHILIP CHANDLE PHILIP A. MUNZ WILLIAM Henrie RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Garden thern Califarnin Fi ETH Sola Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K, Mu Southern California—RONALD B. anne

Econnenic: Wants 25. a a RUSSELL J. SEIBERT Geo-botany, oe Piant Patents 626 7 Louis C. WHEELER Piistorieal. os Ges, tear en ees Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN opis asea Sec cee SP EeeL eae tags yee i ayae EMEYER Landscape Diestgn so or a re e oe Cor Native SHE Bitar a re aie las, ‘cinta C. EVERETT OMGRIGS 5 Updos pw eee eek a ROBERT CASAMAJOR pacha es 1s Wee eee eG ee Gee eee W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM Plant Moaterials 05) oes MILDRED Davis, PHILIP CHANDLER Phint ‘Pathology ii5./0350 Steen re eed aie arenes IERRE MILLER Plant Societies 6 550s ee ee GEORGE H. SPALDING Propepationy oi W UCK Ca a GRY ERE AGS naa Sete MUn Mee i oats suena ALFRED C, HOTTES Taxonomy of Feighis | vs dis MILDRED MATHIAS Taxoubey of Natives! en oe PuHitip A. MUNZ JANET WRIGHT, Ed/tor Vo. III JULY, 1953 No. 3 CONTENTS Soil ee with: Ressiian cess cota vgs owns are eis ouis B. Martin 34 itd eles Sores eae Oe ee a W. Dan Quattlebaum 36 Cover Mace Se Lee eae is Ad hy gis RL gee) SOU RaberalE Spa Mt Mes anata ne er RR oar a4 Od SOg foc Turin Gite h os gira aie aegis ucts a Teasdale 36 Souk Africa i in. Your Garden 022-562 ese ie a ee saitner E. Mathias 37 fi ew: Patiala ea oa ee ae ae ae 38 Southern Callers Horticultural Institute: riage Announcement........ one tog nian = Some Subtropical Fruit Trees............ C. A. Schroeder 39 TOR SA a ee a ee ec eich Ure you Ra we wus bale es Gases Calfecata Phacelias Palin oaltentr tunisia: Sapaiaranity asthe: wlan’ ape Philip A. Munz 43 ae io ox SA oP a lpia iho malate ares Pearle rn akan George H. Spalding 45 The site on Rancho Santa Anita (con't.)........ Susanna Bryant Dakin 47 Scien gg A nen La se aE nwt, Piped Pameme ciety Alfred C. Hottes 48 The Duvdevani Dew RMR Sr oP Cay hea rae sw ahace R. J. Seibert 49 Library MAINS a a el RA PGi I a oe Weather ROCORAS 0 as cy a a wee pene ease sa ck

34 LASCA LEAVES

aa

An example of a Krilium test site, in which

it different soil levels. The white

a number of Krilium formulations were ine

areas resulted from

orporatec

surface applications of Krilium.

SOIL CONDITIONING WITH KRILIUM

Louis B. MARTIN

“Lay me in the earth, and make it Soft and loose and light above me.” SONG OF HIAWATHA

— ~

E practice is old. The gardener has used manure, and straw. So, . Yes, conditioning the soil,—1.e. improving the physical structure

has always been of interest to those en- gaged in growing plant

The approach is new. rheatieh the use synthesized especially for conditioning the soil, it is hoped that the gardener and farmer can achieve improve- ment of the soil structure with less work and with longer-lasting effects.

In March of 1952 the Arboretum € tered into a contract with the Monsanto Chemical Company to Geld-test its new soil- oe jaa Krilium. To our knowledge t to be the first large- scale a on the Pacific Coast. for these experiments

> tests were

The level of interest

was confined to the home gardener. Cer- tain questions were to be answered for prob lem soils of southern California. Some of them were: (1) What is the most efhcient way of ap plying Krilium? (4) How much Krilium is needec for various types of P slantings ? ( 3) What idvantage to

rans y me germinz ition, growt th, and flowering, n be gained from the use of Krilium?

SS Laer

SUMMER 1953 35

In this article, the types of experiments conducted will be outlined and a few o the resulting observations discussed. The reader who wishes additional information of a more fundamental and comprehensive nature is referred to the publication, Soi/ Science, vol. 73, 1953

Where the terms ‘‘conditioner’’ or ‘‘soil conditioner” appear hereafter in this arti- cle, Krilium is the item under discussion

La a

as used in this paper concerns only the physical structure of the soil. Krilium acts

another. Just how this eile takes place is beyond the scope of the present article.

_4Now—on with the Operation, Soil Con- ditioning: Merloam and Loamake tested; they are currently on the market. Other experimental formations of Krilium were likewise included.

Methods of application depend upon the size of the area to be treated. Krilium in dry form was applied by hand to hundred-square foot plots, and to larger

reas by usin i

= i} Las om a cr = oO ° = | Q, = ° 2 oO 5 n ° = Ee, ° Ho | ro) v

plied by using a sprinkling can and a hose equipped wit a

nough for cultivation,

and continued until late October, There

were three major divisions of plant ma- terial used: (1) lawn grasses; (2) com- on annual flowers; and (3) common

grasses, plus five lawn-grass mixtures were

In addition to the planting experiments, the effects of repeated mechanical tillage of conditioned soil and problems of ero- sion control were also under test.

Certain restrictions limit the detail into which we may go conecrning the results of the experiments to date. Many of the gardening and horticultural publications within recent months have reported in- formation covering a wide range of ex- perience with Krilium; in general, our data agrees with that already reported— but a few of the facts might bear repeat-

ing:

First, the amount of soil crumbs or soil aggregates produced showed an increase of 50-60 per cent in treated soils as com- pared with untreated soils.

The rate of water penetration was in- creased two to three times in treated soils above that of the untreated soils.

Lateral spread of water from irrigation ditches was increased both in distance at- tained, and in rate of movement, by Kril- ium application. Surface water run-off and soil erosion were greatly reduced by the Krilium applications.

Hand weeding and cultivation was made easier and more effective by use of Krilium.

The loose soil structure resulting from the initial Krilium application persisted throughout the experimental period. Con- trol soils and soils treated with compost or steer manure lost their initial loose struc- ture by the end of the experimental period.

Questions in the mind of the home gardener probably concern also the plant's

€ questions are naturally difficult to evaluate to the satisfaction of everyone. It can

36 LASCA said, however, that in some of the experi- ments, germination was expedited in Krilium treated soils; in others, germina- tion response was indi erent. Similar trends were observed in both growth and flowering, in the case of each of the three plant-type divisions under discussion.

A temporary plateau has been reached, mber of ways

solving of soil structure problems. Re- cently the price of Krilium was lowered; this should encourage sales, and conse- quently a more wide-spread use of Kril- ium, which may result in home experi- ments of some significance.

Monsanto is the c which has pioneered in the aera conditioning of soils. As research continues, improvement in the product as well as favorable plant responses is pr a If the present reader is a gardener with a bump of curiosity, he will asta to obtain first hand ee of at least one of the new soil conditioners. He can do this ue small- scale ibe rimetitation of his ow

co ICTURE

The exhibit of South African plants pictured on our cover will be recognized by many of our California readers who attended the 1953 Cali- fornia International Flower Show at Hollywood current issue of Lasca p. 37) the article by Mildred Mathias Peciies many of these plants.

LEAVES

BIRD NOTES W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM Now that the noise and confusion of road- making and landscaping are past and a quieter

u he fo

sit patik aes Quail and Piedbilled Grebe a pair of Grebes returned last fall, et in os spring this year nested in the cat-tails. The Red-wing Blackbirds that forage during the day didn’t mind the changes, and in the fall some 800 to 1,200 came into the cat-tails and tules rh evening for their vespet chorus and night

e€ botatanding resident,

the Red- bellied

m to me that if the Arboretum gave this scarce hawk a home, this alone would make it a notable sanctuary.

The more numerous of the resident species are the Redwing Blackbird, Mourning Dove, Band-tailed Pigeon, Crow, Red-shafted Flicker and Sparrow Hawk

During the past winter (1952-53) there were the usual bird visitors: such as the Mallard, Canvas-back, Cinnamon Teal, Pintail, Ring- necked Duck, Ruddy Duck, Audubon Warbler, Hermit Thrush, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Moun- tain Chicadee, Robin, Waxwing, and Gambel’s White-crowned Sparrow

WOOD SONG

“I heard a wood-thrush in the dusk Twirl three notes and make a star—

My heart that walked with bitterness Came back from very far.

ZL

“In nature nothing is insignificant, nothing is ignoble, nothing sinful, nothing repetitious. All

“Three shining notes were all he had,

y made a starry call—

I caught life back against my — And kissed it, scars and a

SARA TEASDALE

4 4

the music is great music, all the lines have meaning.’

From Foreword of “Green Laurels” ONALD CULROSS PEATTIE

a aise

a ee

ee a

LE ee ee ee er a, LT eT

ae a ee eeme Oe ee eye

SUMMER 1953 a7

SOUTH AFRICA IN YOUR GARDEN

MILDRED E. MATHIAS

RN CALIFORNIA gardens

SOUTHE offer many attractions for the arm Medi

chair traveller. Our

e vines so gs. saree en — a lesson in geogra ragon trees from Cater bebe aoe brushes and corer _ Aust ralia, oleander, olives and cypr ro €

Mediterranean, epper eee ie fe) ti

payEsK pms and tow sca

Their removal from our cities would change the whole face of the be

outh Africa _ age source of many mon use as 0

men plant or sou oO owers. Its tree- like agi Sireliti riod is soe South ge ra? use for a tropical setting.

Cae ican trees in gui vation here in- fe Phowais ee the small date-palm, ie much in and modern landscaping, a finest Pc e latter tree, African Ss e ie ante in the trade as Pscionkee The Cape Chestnut, capense, is an poet flowering tree represented by a few fine

OS An nge les.

uncommon, llum ro the Kafir mall or-

widel it secerd though in cultivation. Harpephy s highl

E

a good specimen may be s

a Daan of Agriculture Date ‘Seuion in

pod Latina is sane species worth at the Botanical ihe Lawersiy ok California, Los

Am he re are the gine s Poison, Pricnony doe venenata, the dai Winter- sweet, Acoka jhors spectabilis ‘i the Natal . Probably one = fe best known rican plants in dens is pee one of our finest espalier oat,

a.

Grewia A f other South African plants com

paratively n as ornamentals in Southern California aye like a EeSy catalogue: paragus, Aster filifolius, and Aster fruticosus, Cissus cap ais iosma, Erica, Gardenia thun bergii, Melianthus, Sparmannia, Tecomaria Bulbous and corm material from below th equator is e mporta t would our gardens be without Gladiolus, Morea, Tri- tonia, Chasmanthe, Agapanthus, Olivia, Freesia,

r garden geraniums, spe- cies se hybr: ‘ids of yer genus phos onium, are = — h African origin. If we removed the Seems an Mesembryanthemum, hillel des would look bar Some of these plants are so common in our gardens that we forget they <a Sons eigners. And on

our

now are adding to our st by introducing m1 outh African plants a as the beautiful Dais cotinifolia, species of

path 6 rl Polygala virgata, Hypericum

ychodes, Ag sutherlandii, SuiBerlandie fi ie cens, Plec. jibes ecklonii, Chaenostoma posneaer) Woke Vir gilia eaicass and ih fom or a gpae Biliiacshns Speciosus, Prot pe- Leucospermum reflexum, Serruria fords Erica species, Sen tamoides, and Podranea ricasoliana.

exploration if ge Africa dates from the earliest Tanaris rgyman, w ped y to the Dutc me ast s Cape flora proved ian ble ar he ps a rien pimeny to his brother professor at Leyden. Four figures of Cape eee

38 LASCA LEAVES

Mare ted by him are included in the 1644 Am- terdam ae on of Theophrastus, ‘Historia Plan-

arum’’—Haemanthus coccineus, Cotyledon or- biculata, Ca gis an ip i red- hot Pare plant. All of the ee collections

olland, Leaps e botanical gardens at Leyden an e first wie of Sith

ieee is that by th seis of Botany, oR

ears, fro extensively on the plant Sarai obtained in e€ Hi tk laid t

these years. Ss wo he basis for all future floras of the region

72 the royal g: K Francis Masson to the Cape to collect plants. In

wa large num- dried plants. It was laegely his South A‘ei rican collections which gave

Kew its top place among Eur ropean gardens of that B when Curtis Prams the publication

A NEW PERIODICAL

Baile code a war Journal of Tape ag ab . Vol, March 1953. Pub-

a HO

ultilith process H. M. sab Director,

tion. Address G.

Bailey Hortorium, as above Items of et interest noted in its pages: Metric syst 0 be used for plant m measure-

n neh new term coming into use in botanical oe actuate litera- : 25 years

ewness is on € ha referring to an individual plant, population, or pla - without specify category (variety, species or genus) is intended en the correct c tegory not know one may not wish to hazard a ay brtdicee distinguished from v ariety. and disuse of pias us and se ae name of Horse-ra

rse- of Nomen iene for Cultivated Plants, approved provisionally at

fine colored plates of South African flowers and in

uth Aftican plants to reach the New World. e with more interest in South gale g books m

Coombs, American Aoainan 364 p Eliovson, Sima, Flow i a — and a eh Be ws , African Gardens. pp.

eee - A Botanist in Southern

Africa. 686 London. 1946, A copiously illustrated ace t.0f p seat gene in the field and a woe a the flor

Verdes Rudolf, The rs 2 as Africa. Capetown. 1913-1915. Many fine

wr ee a photogr: a

Rice, E. G., and H. Compt igo Wild Hwan ee ithe C Cape ee ood Hope. Kirsten- bosch. Two bented fifty ae, plates published pl the Botanical Society of South Afric

International Congress of London a final proof state .. . should be in pied ae thi

let form early this summer. ortus Third” ... out in ‘late 1955 or some- time in 1956.

SUMMER ANNOUNCEMENT

Southern California Horticultural Institute:

meets the 3rd Thursday of each month, at the peta: oe ng at 18th and ohne. ae

ngeles. nt display at 7:30 p.m. Mee

ig 2 or os m.

July: Seoike er, Mr. Ladislaus Cutak.

pits ag speaker, Mr. Ralp os Cornell.

Sept.: 5 ene to be announced.

"Tt is the privilege o the oregiaice to acs cern poeir A orld whos. seit se gai remain sty and pee ey violen

HENRY BESTON

A newly formed SS of ine to m the Plant

— NE ISS Alia Ee

readers of sr ves is Pr pagators’ Or iixniestion took place 4 Hotel ried Cain d, Ohio, on M rch 8 4 and 9th, Pr dings were ‘published an present an excellent selection of papers a lem: ropagation. Further informatie may ad by es ith Ed

de land, Ohio, Sec cearp Tiessaiec of the Soc

SUMMER 1953 39

Hand pollination of cherimoya.

i

les]

Persimmon flowers.

POLLINATION OF SOME SUBTROPICAL

FRUIT TREES

C. A. SCHROEDER University of California, Los Angeles

THE FAILURE of fruit production in sag ae

fr a trees may result from several causes, among it uch inadequate or lack of pc silinaiion may be the major cause. Li Ties factors such as ex

cessive heat or cold, r dhitling: or failure to provide mo faeth soil moisture at critical periods also may cause crop failures all fruit- proguans plants require molli nation for the fru set, however. Among plants of this latter "type are the citrus fruits, most of the figs » Smyrna type, the nté anana and the pine- apple, to mention a pede These sepsis equire set

s by an internal parthe noc chi

2) 4

eae. most cases “aheg! when eriliekes with their own pollen, in certain fruits, such as the ar ery one

variety must be pollinated with pollen from a tree of another variety, although both varieties ace pollen. Such plants are termed self- sterile.

The following oe ‘fepresent the general ibsowinies which we , have concerning the specific pollination reiiieeaents and responses in a few fe the more common subtropical fruits in southern California.

CITRUS

All citrus fruits, as songs i pbdpammt set

ain enc oO insects to

pollinate t the flov such as

ae Washington aaatt orange, in fact open re n. a —— Sa <sgs ence he! ‘hee eat

rus bodies: which may le ‘objectionable in some sahinices:

ADO The aie inaige of ‘pollination in the avocado eos — one of considerable erga and

Ww hile the tree ace. an ndance of ‘bloom, panniines: a half million foaies on a moderate sized tree, frequently only a few, or cr none, of these flowers diay set fruit.

40 LASCA

CHERIMOYA

STAMEN

RECEPTACLE

Detail drawing of cherimoya flower parts.

The avocado flower is perfect with both pistil, pollen

s ocado flowers a ten not to shed their llen when the stigmas these particular wers are receptive, phenomenon terme

dichogamy. While in some instances this lack

avocado, Eepetaenta oe evidence adie that the Sire fie is S poll inated by insects.

CHER erimoya, or amiga apple,

The cher is grown as a dooryard orchard t r ornamental in the

armer areas of so an California. Frequent- ly inadequate fruit set is observed, although i many cas e plants are healthy and produce an abundance of flowers. It has been noted that th erimoya i any areas also exhibits the phenomenon of dichogamy. Although the flow-

appar does not frequent the cherimoya hao or ohn effect pollination. Other pol-

LEAVES

linating insects are also oe agree visitors on nt. The as ak ice and_ pollination, been shown

e

to shed. This freshl d pollen can 5 lected in a small glass vial, and with the aid of a all, el’s r brush can be tran ferred to another freshly opened flower on t sam her tree. The pollen is dis- tributed evenly over the stigmatic surface by a as ush, ollen 1s

fres not allowed to dry excessively, han plnatio will ahi in the set of fruit of good s

sees ian sellowiana,

The fei ornamental g

are barren.

Bacher ro or m the feijoa if fruit oo on is desir

Another fruiting re gaa as eee Carissa grandiflora, s es is . i It has be

pollen in order that p cielo A Aue: ay ctical means of is to

chance, will produce eaten ; insects other than es are the effective polli nators of this plan

by such varieties

mmon figs ik ewe a pawn Turk

The as Missi ssion, Adriatic , Kadot

y the Blastophaga wasp, whic emerged from the caprifig with some pollen 08

Er ee

SUMMER 1953 41

its body. This pollen is cena. peed the Cali- conditions and on the kaki root-stock, pollina-

myrna fig flowers bor side of the tion appears to be unnecessary for adequate developing fruit. If this pollen is nor provided, fruit production =e 3 sale formed a ae th $e ach ae = bis Sos PAPAYA pri ruits are obtained from maintain trees of this type. A few a4 fos ee Attempts frequently are made to grow the : papaya in California. ae plant is very tender fig fruits are placed in the Calimyrna fig tree hin the waa g Calin waa tek bigs ane cee cold and usually survives here only when y y on g er glass Pollination ot required fo half inch in as f : ruit-set in this pla caus l usu si image ally are dioecious, that is, there are male plants The oriental persimmon (Djs iospyros kaki) and female plants, it is necessary that a pollen- usually is observed £6 ie ents in crt quan- earing specimen be available near those plants tity. Because most of the varieties which bear female flowers. The practical solu- such as Hachiy oduce no pollen, tion of this problem is to grow at least three this fruit must set parthenocarpically Occasion- seedling plants in a grou there is a chan ally a natural sh fruits is that at least one may produce pollen. There is observed and the question a the possible bene- no practical way to determine the sex o fit of pollination is asked. is thought that the papaya plant before it blooms. sane series provision for pc li ation ait ot increase fruit papaya plants have perfect flowers h both rs measurably in this case, but that the under- — pistil and stamens. Such plants are ite fertile ying cause of excessive fruit shed is related to and will produce fruit, provided pollination

the root-stock type emp ae in the propagation of the tree itself. It has been noted that all

varieties, when propagated on Diospyros phic ; ae root, appear to retain their fruits better than Pollimators such a honey bee are elimi- similar trees propagated on D. Jotus rootstock. nated, ge Px nd ate must be practiced

the persimmon tree is grown under favorable _ for fruit 4 4 4

EDITOR’S COMMENTS The response to request for articles on botanical and horticultural subjects by authorities in their fields, has been wholly gratifying. The current material proves its appeal to readers interested in either or both fields. Potential contributors to future issues of Lasca Leaves may find the following points of interest:

in other periodicals which might otherwise not reach the majority of our readers. Kindly send material to Editor, Lasca Leaves, Box 688, Arcadia, California. If material is of seasonal signif- cance, it should reach the editor's hand not later than the first of September, December, March, or June, for the autumn, winter, spring, or summer issues respectively.

* * *

Contributors to the autumn issue of Lasca Leaves will include Samuel Ayres, Jr., M.D., ‘“Re- . Sto

flections on a Recent Horticultural Visit to South Africa;” V. outemeyer, of - aan of Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture, University OE Cice Los Angeles, “Gardeni With Woody Plants; Mildred Davis, ‘Perennials Will Grow in California,” a pueda paper Pa

the efficient gardener who likes to have his tani well prepared and “seasoned” for next year's plantings. Mr. Philip Chandler's ‘Hardy Tropicals for the Sun” scheduled for the present issue, is also on the future calendar of articles, as well as material from some of our contributors from other parts of California, and out-of-state. # x

Organizations wishing to make announcements in the Calendar Column of Lasca Leaves (see P. 53) are asked to send pertinent data—pla ace, time of meeting, visitor oe a etc.—to Plant Soceities Edtior, George H. Spalding, Box 688, Arcadia, Calif., not later than the first s December, March, June, and September, to meet the dudeidy press ae

42 LASCA LEAVES

a LOS ee ee, eat. e no

sea

ee 5 %'

“4

WN ~ Ws i

ex ~ Sa

X eS

SS a

——:

4 Vis e2)e SS W\N Ss Sea y om A

ie Se rt

— Ry A Ais Bs Rs,

Fic. Phacelia tanacetifolia, showing finely divided leaves and small yale in coiled a

Fic. B. P. Parryi, with merely toothed leaves and larger, more or less bell-shaped flowers. FIG. — Flower of P. minor, the coastal purple “Wild Sart, bury Bell” with constricted corolla. Fic. D. Haste r of campanularia, the desert blue “Wi a Bell,’ not constri E. A

ury ric wer of Nemophila (Baby-blue- re), ld recurved bo between the sce as contrasted to a celia flower abov

eT A ae ere OF NT ne A ee aE aE a RT Ce Te Ea ENS Tl ee Se EET TC! Oe er a ee a ee ee

SUMMER 1953

43

SOME CALIFORNIA PHACELIAS

PHitie A. MuNz

ONE OF the most iy and diverse one of plants n California is fications treatment

ae weedy perennials with a spread of evens eet to min- re

ute erect slen emmed annuals 1-2 inches i Flo size varies from less than one eighth of an inc inch or m and colo from white or c or yellow to violet, purple or deep blue. The leaves may be entire, toothed, lobed or several times divided into fin seg me But one thing that almost all species hav m is the coiled cy

and the any o ies are commonly called ild Heliotrope.”’ Phacelia, h ver, bear ruit which is le and belongs to the family Hydrophyllaceae, whil the true Heliotrope (Heliotropium) has the ovary deeply 4-lobed and prod four one

Boraginaceae, together with the orget-me-not (Myosotis) Fiddle-neck (Amsinckia),

Echi . A close seiauve of Phacelia is the com- mon Baby-blue es ieee foe ich can

n parts: 5 "erect and 5

eee - In Pha celia. ee are only the sean

e 36 Of the many species of pica only a few rab attractive © enough of rant an interest in aving them in our thee fall into two emt (1) the eP of Sp wpe d “Wi lio- ee wit their nu us blue or Lola ory €fs in conspicuous coiled cymes, ) the “Wil nterbury Bells’ with much ates

: - €rs, somewhat bell-shaped, and pen, less conspicuously cymose denen "OF be

A. Stamens with a dilation or win

at bas abide in oming from elevati Ranges from Monterey County CC. Flowers abner to one- ‘half in in jo dea to oe an

Net ie ik a Woe ce at eee ae ha

center,

te) ichee Cal

be CC. Flowers de me blu

Stamens without :. oe ‘dilat bell-sh

not B. Flowers = ehird to oe oe inch pg shed or purplish with whitish center. Co. to San Dieg h inches ty violet to bluish, the oe

Oast cay aint Mon BB. phi carol ts one peers one-fourt °

€ same ete as the periphery. Santa Barbara Co. to Low

ch long, aeaty whit te. mountains from Santa Barbara County to the

ue, he constricted at the throat. Dese tion or wing, the corolla aie tes from the (we

Wild Heliotropes’ ne most commonly as is Phacelia "ance This species was first figured in wards, Bot. Reg. 20: y; se shaving Been sent Le England ed ou men

rdy a iving in an ” Apparently it create within four years it was illustra British works (Sweet, British Fl. Gard. 7: 360, 1836 and Curtis, Bot. Mag. 66: pl. 3703,

— 1°.) Ye © oe: ~—

Nir ogues down to the prese t has been used ¥ rie odore "Payne as a com- mon constituent of his wild flower mixture

celia °D. cr tanh vallis-mortae are li an- € separated, cay by e for

not so n garde

nd te counties d ab the Great Central Valley of California south to Lo lifornia and acro jave Desert to Nevada izona

bo roup ra mall flowers

g th vided leaves has eas scales in

e and finely di the base of the filaments. It

the corolla tube e at

umm

® 3 ° 3 me, Lea] ® ps wn wn s yn a) a

secretion that ma and possesses a rather characteristic odor. There are several well known species that can be dis- tinguished as follows:

bas al ibe about as long as the expanded limb.

nch long, sii to violet, with paler ae feet, in the Cosst CBUOINIS, cone ke heer Phacelia Parryi

From sg Mego

Phacelia longipes

age Phacelia minor Hy hislenia) id ¢ ss tec

Phacelia viscida

er Californ Phacelia grandiflora

44 LASCA LEAVES

e above are most apt to be found in dis- turbed places, paticularhy blige burns, when they may give color ge areas formerly covered wi fe s

nstituents mixtures. They Ny are mle i ornia Poppies Showy and ery ornamental i ie mass plantings. Their aie uropean horticulture i bee 3 to Sot ies middle of the last cen-

es later and they are still offered

of wild flowe effective with bright-colored “sage

Ns Fartiostely. both of the groups of eset so far discussed are easy to manage, seed g

abies rains set i y ger ripen readily and grow Hoel guia eb pa ng good root systems and geung ready to come into flower i On "this “ee an bloo

spring arrive, they life pase rapidly and

y fair a4 ooh apee that

these 5 species are bos nous to man people. my early days of botanielags in Cali- eee I frauen visited burns in the chap- ss since so ofte

e upper arm. Before long I found that all

“Tl hear you, little bird.

species of ep ae are pies besa can do the job, a mbers of the family like thes so- called io ie.

all gla ndular,

m

person in eight is s Of the other Califor can easily he own in ie en. hes silat i is in o. trade. aft

ish- purple flow es rd inch long.

ut it is el difficult to get good seed germi-

nation and they also ited the Yann glands ich can be ee

s Nemophila, which has

related genus California Baby-

Of the the extra rabies between the sepals, offers two good garden plants.

long while. It has gone r the names

. Menziesii and N. imsignis and is a very polymorphic species, havin, ces differing greatly in size and blueness of the ers. It is ound gh of California except the deserts ountains, A the foothills of the Sierra Nevada ofter especially desirable size. The other species, N. la espot, comes als Sierran foothills and grows from Kern to Plumas

athe V1

e spots. The lo plants attract much attention w Seeds of both these eles are in the trade

Shouting, a-swing above the broken wall. Shout louder yet; no song can tell it all; Sing to my soul in the deep, still wood:

Tis wonderful beyond the wildest word:

I'd tell it, too, if I cou

EDWIN MARKHAM

“Hark! that’s the thrush; he sings each song twice over,

Lest you should think he never could recapture

The first, fine, careless rapture.”

SUMMER 1953 45

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

ONE of the most gratifying experiences a plan man can have is eed where others wee failed. Sarai success in grow difficult

wi ing a ~_* or group of at is always the goal, pe ery successful step towards this goal is

miletee ne to be remembered.

Over the years, numerous attempts have been made to grow various members of the Protea family in Southern California. To he

Gu 3) om

tralia and South Africa egovnng shrubs an trees of great beauty. Some valuable com- me sr Ms r cut flowers, We | nave begun

e Arvoretum aimed at learning the ets ae successfully growing members of the

Pr: ae in our area @ Rue avian. aw ib eee into two sec- tions; experi in re being carried on ont yd Dy, he payee of all available data from growers in this group w ree of success, and

Arboretum with va mixtures using several types of contain coke a including field planta ngs with different soil types and exposu

e of our irae ocbarivense bel ace far from being conclusive, has roduced son

all Paty Oo Papas with this group.

; é evillea species (probably G bond were plated August 28, 1952, ina 4” pot. The sowing medium was Georgia Peat and ponge-rok in equal amounts. Seed germinated

s ‘ en for the experi- ment. All were nical | in a soil mixture com- posed of:

: part soil (heavy ns)

1 part composte - ae 6 parts Canadia a 4 parts scope granite

Four plan e potted Hs standard 4” clay September ay 1952 n the same a the a eg inag planted in "C Itura’’ Peat Moss rhe ei ots. These pots are manufactured th atural peat turfs in such a manner, the € individual pots are separat y saw ut still connected through a thin bottom plate, SO that bars are created fou idee akes vandlin ar ddec ote age of the “Cultura Pet is being able to At pot and all ies Ses in . o te “eg thus, lant roots are und abet trans-

Planting, a condition ee in itself bo be of

GREVILLEA

Comparative aot of — 1 in ‘Cultura’ peat moss Bo nd i standard clay po

c

prime importance. ag a two months the growth was more or less uniform ee ‘ae beg agri Following this agate

y decided difference in the r of “erowth nt rs af color.

a? ogee nying photograph taken Febru- ary 953, shows very well at ccnp ah The Sint in the “Cultu ra” pots twelve cea high with good green color aad straight

s. The fou _ ae were only four in nches high ee ligtier a

can be vibes rom ‘t initial experiment b the results obvious. It should also be noted in the sbinecsioh 4 that the roots e

tura’’ pots spread He ally ell as verti-

Aj

cally and because es were contiguous the horizontal rooting was jninpedad as compared to Se Boeid pots.

ts on other experiments and on eee of the field planting will be sublished in Lasca Leaves from time to time.

LASCA LEAVES

46

SUMMER 1953 47

THE HOMESITE ON RANCHO SANTA ANITA (con’t.)

SUSANNA BRYANT DAKIN

“Scotch Paisano,” Hugo Reid and the In- dian wife whom he named Victoria. Both

California’s constitution in 1849. He in- troduced advanced farming methods dur- ing his tenure of Rancho Santa Anita (1838-1847). Frequently he consulted with his French vecino, Jean Louis Vignes, and the Kentuckian William

te

b uch diversity was rare during the ae days when most rancheros did of trouble to cultivate the land, and

raised cattle solely for hides and tallow. Santa Anita became a showplace in the early 1840's, and Reid hospitality was proverbial.

Being a literary man with a library unique in California, Don Hugo attracted many writers to his home. A frequent visi- tor was Alfred Robinson, author of the perennially popular ‘Life in California.” Don Alfredo enjoyed the family life of “old Reid,” his gracious wife, his daughter known as “the flower of San Gabriel,” and three manly handsome sons. He wrote of the homesite:

“It is one of the fairy spots to be met with so often in California. On the de- clivity of a hill is erected a molino or grist-mill, surrounded with fruit trees and flowers. A beautiful lake lies calm an unruffled in front, and all around fresh streams are gushing from the earth, and scattering their waters in every direction.”

William Heath Davis was another inter- preter of the early scene who experienced Reid hospitality in its heyday, and record- ed his impressions:

“During our stay as guests at Santa Anita (for two months preceding Christ- mas, 1844) we feasted daily on good food. For breakfast we had honey (the produc- tion of the land, and in fact everything we oult

scrambled eggs, co sarap for breakfast; tortillas made of flour or corn, ... This composed the first meal of the day. The cloth was neat and the furniture of the table was exquisitely clean.

“As the house clock sounded the noon hour, visitors were summoned by the maid

48 LASCA LEAVES

servant to the dining-room for a midday meal, a solid meal (here Davis inserts mouth-watering recipes, mentioning home

past,” says he, respect to neatness and in preparation of the food.” The one meal Davis also described uscript preserved at the ae pha concluding: ‘This fine ner was served with old wine of the sacle of the Mission of San Gabriel, and custard, and pies, and coffee. oth Reid and his wife are “epicures, and they had everything (their own market place on the hacienda) to entertain

Indian woman showed that her husband could by no one be regarded as a ‘squaw man’)—Dofia Victoria had a fine Indian cook who had been educated in the art at the Mission of San Gabriel, though the lady herself superintended more or less in the preparation of our good living....A Castilian lady of standing could not have bestowed on us any greater attention or graciousness.’

The husband and wife Davis described ‘

s ‘living very happily together.” In a final comment on the housekeeping of Dofia Victoria the visitor said, ‘beds which were furnished us to sleep upon were exquisitely neat, with coverlids of satin, the sheets and pillow cases trimmed with lace and highly ornamented.”

In his well-known “Seventy-five Years in California,’ Davis claimed that Santa Anita at the time of his extended visit was “the most picturesque spot of Southern California, mountains, valleys, springs and running silvery streams. You would observe in riding over the rancho, its having more than its pro rata of tower- ing and over-spreading liveoak trees, man- zanita, laurel, and other forest in compari- son with other ranchos,”

(To be continued)

wit

SCRATCHBOARD PLANT SKETCHES

ALFRED C. HOTTES Silverleaf ; Cenizo: cap sng texanum iS a exican sh zrowing 8 |. The flo vi are a violet-purple, cH aleced, vith a 5-lobe limb, axillary, 1 inc SS, The leaves are silvery tomentose, peek pi tire, obovate, to 1 inch long. The shrubs er excellent he dges in un- irrigated den 4 t me may be a as $s nn hru Stable

— do wel ‘he poncie valleys nia, in the sou iisien areas especially. Fa ail y: Scrophulariaceae miliar relation: snapdrago Name: means ‘white leafs”

ko-fil-u

Br and sn mF Cali

* pronounced lew-

es

SUMMER 1953 49

height in centimeters : right, 100 cm:: 50 cms! 30) cm.; 7.5 cm. Right: detail of dew gauge and supporting frame,

Arboretum Dew Gauge Station No. 1

THE DUVDEVANI DEW-GAUGE R. J. SEIBERT

WHEN man first started to think and Ponder about the natural phenomena around him, dew, no doubt, incited his ‘urtosity. Depending upon his mood, he "i avoided _ its cold early morning d ch, or playfully kicked it off some ump of grass to clean his dirty feet. Mette. its effect on lants has been

ed by many and is thought to be a

major source of water supply for certain

barren rock in Peruvian desert. Certainly Bromeliads, and Lichens growing on pure rock in rain- less areas, must have to obtain their mois- ture from the atmosphere and from dew.

his fact may be borne out by both mor- phological and anatomical evidence. Dew

50 LASCA

and atmospheric moisture must be respon”

sible for the rather luxuriant “belly plant”

growth found on certain rainless areas of the ial desert during the fog season of e

Until recently it appears, no reliable means of recording amounts of dew pre- cipitation had oe satisfactorily devised. With neither quantitative nor sapere dew data available little competent re- search regarding dew and its effect on plants could be undertaken.

For several years the Government of Israel has maintained a Dew Research Sta- tion at Karkar, Israel, under the direction

of S. Duvdevani.

Duvdevani has been able to pleat a the first practical means of recording amounts

of dew precipitation as well as ééitain other related ie bearing on the subject of dew formatio

Essentially he, equipment for recording dew consists of a specially treated block of wood, upon which dew formation may be observed through a series of water pat- terns. These various patterns may be com- pared with a series of photographed stand- ard patterns, each of which is numbered, each pattern having a and minus value which permits the eating of all stages of intergradation between the major Patterns formed by a mixture of both dew and rain, or rain alone, are easily distinguished from those of dew alone. The recording consisting of reference numbers and letters may then be translated into actual fractions of milli- meters of dew bal reget each — Recordings are made at sunup or very shortly gray before eraecein shall have taken

A series of she four dew gauges rang- ing from ground level to one meter above ground provides with relative accuracy, and comparison between wet an sea- sons, the basic dew formation and pre- cipitation for a key spot under observa- tion.

Ww gauge serves a function which the rain ape has never touched, since amounts of dew precipitation provide i in- sufficient water to flow into a rain gauge where it, in turn, could be recorded.

For those who may be further inter-

LEAVES

ested: the Duvdevani Dew-Gauge and re- lated equipment, as well as complete in- structions and pertinent literature, is now commercially available through C. F. Ca- s

Square, London ngland.

As a result of his basic development and research on dew, Mr. Duvdevani was in- vited to Earhart Laboratory at Cal-Tech to carry on a year’s research on dew and its effect on plants under eaciled laboratory conditions. In collaboration with his prto-

first dew-recording station in the United States, with Dewey E. Nelson as observer.

Although natural plant species of Israel are different from those in this country, there ar f

S. Duvdevani may further his investiga-

n in our area where dew may be a very telling factor in the tila of our natural vegetation. His s most certainly will be of jaienible: interest to all con- cerned, especially to those whose work deals primarily with plant material of semi-arid regions of the world.

LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS agra is the

Krauss, Wynne woo

Krauss sent 26 rb ps {

year. The gift as a hate is of singula

eS . since the original r references are

ly from rare book reference material a

only in aise library collections either in this abro :

tude icitioanete 5 begonias will now find in - ibrary a small onivee re of orginal source ™ terial on this subje * added to the

ur original pa aes were a Mira

Charles Broughton collection of botanic horticultural studies, as a gift from Mrs aunders, to whom wi

first presented the T

tionally faithful potuayals rel the plants, . We roud to have

ks in

Saunders, because they are oe and considered Califoeciane collectors ite

ow

—

SUMMER 1953 51

EATHER RECORD—1952 Los Angeles State and ere Arboretum, Arcadia, California J. T. McGauH

PAN EVAPORA-

ION TEMPERATURE RAINFALL INCHES

1952 AVERAGE PEAKS INCHES MONTH

MONTH IN MAX, MIN. MAX. MEAN

ary HF pty 63.6 28.0 78.0 50.5 15.550 0.920 February 39.3 69.5 31.0 83.0 54.4 5 1.610 f 38.5 64.8 31.0 86.0 51.6 7.875 SchPD. April 44.5 72.2 38.0 92.0 58.3 2.960 1.735 ay 49,3 pe | 40.0 92.0 67.2 4.690 June 50.5 $12 44.0 100.0 65.9 010 4.915 July 55.3 94.5 48.0 105.0 74.9 5.700 57.0 95.4 51.0 104.0 76.2 6.045

September 56.6 95.7 45.0 105.0 76.1 210 5.355 ctober 49.1 84.4 43.0 99.0 66.7 __ 3.500 November 42.6 70.2 34.0 88.0 Lg 4.670 1.605 December 39.8 66.1 33.0 86.0 (0) 4.380 0.930 — inches—34.230 38.780

Highest temperature of 105° F. was recorded on three days: July 27th, Sept. Sth and 7th. On ids eh a ey pao re of 90°F. or over was recorded including 15 days when the temperature went a O°F.

est temperature of 28°F. was recorded on the nights of January 2nd, 3rd and 4th. On nights at a ap tS haa of 40°F. or lower was recorded including 12 nights when the reek clot was 2°R.

Notice ate € smog was recorded on 67 days, being unusually intense during the months of May, September and October. From October 20th to October 29th, inclusive, ten consecutive days of smog was reconiee.

onths of May through October were hot and dry with an evaporation loss of 31.205 inches. pet these dry months only .22 inches of rain was recorded.

ar was recorded on 59 days. The heaviest precipitation was in January when 13.35 inches fel During the storm from January 15th through 18th 9.43 inches was recorded. 5.60 inches of this fell in 24 hours between 4 p.m. January 15th and 4 p.m. January 16th, 1952

WEATHER RECORD—1952 University of California, Los Angeles Subtropical Horticulture Area

PRECIPITA-

TEMPERATURE TION

AVERAGE PEAKS TOTAL

1952 MIN, MAX. MIN. MAX. MONTH panuary 42.9 63.1 34 82 11.61 + ruary 42.4 63.8 34 77 3 ) 43.4 64.3 35 84 9.00 + ii 48.3 68.1 43 82 1.86 J af 53.0 72.1 48 78 0.00 faly 52.7 72.8 46 84 0.00 ee 57.1 79.4 51 88 0.00 “ai 58.3 83.2 54 93 0.00 ptember 52.8 80.1 48 92 0.20 4 51.6 73.7 45 90 0.00 ‘ November 43.9 64.1 37 75 3.38

BS scember 43.5 65.7 35 82 4.2

q Total inches 30.37

52 LASCA

LEAVES

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE FLORA OF ISRAEL and SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

FLW.

THE climate of Israel, Spain and other Mediterranean countries resembles that of southern California in many respects, and we find that many parallels

California has become dry in rather recent times, the Mediterranean and surrounding regions have been arid for many millions of years. Consequently, we find a large number of parallels and a number of dif- ferences between the vegetation in these

tives of the blueberry, such as manzanita and Arbutus; in the Mediterranean areas, the main types are oak, pine, sages and leguminous shrubs, with also Arbutus. In the drier regions a typical desert vegeta- tion is found, both in Israel and in south- ern California, which in general appear- ance look very much alike. In California,

are found in washes in the drier areas;

numerable annuals after the proper rain. In the Israel desert, we find, in addition, a group of plants which are not found in southern California. These are the plants which are able to grow in strong salt con- centrations and which are found along the shores of the Red Sea and the Dead Sea. Apparently the youth of the California desert has prevented the development of

WENT

extreme types of salt plants. All of our plants of saline habitats come from coastal marshes.

Some of the most prominent desert plants in southern California have origi- nated in Chilean deserts, which are much older than ours, for example, the mes- quite and creosote bush. Here in south- ern California, we find a gradual change over from the chapparal to the desert t into drier areas, fewer

In Israel, however, the situation is very different when travelling from the coastal Mediterranean area southward. The Meat- terranean shrub vegetation gradually be- comes replaced by a steppe vegetation which differs fundamentally from both the Mediterranean and the desert vegetation. This is the so-called Irano-turanian flora. Only after having passed the broad belt of this new floristic element does one ¢f counter typical desert vegetation. This Irano-turanian vegetation has its origin 10 the semi-arid regions of Persia and Turkt- stan where for millions of years the same general climate allowed the development of a very special steppe type of vegetal Many of t valuable cultivate plants, such as wheat and other cereals, peas, etc., belong to this Irano-turan- ian flora and thus we see many of the an- cestors of our cultivated plants growing in Israel in the vegetation belt between

the coast and the desert. Other plants like

the oncocyclus iris, tulip, and gladiolus grow in the same area. Thus in Israel does not only gather the impre sion that all the time he is treading gro hallowed by human history, but the botan: ist also feels that he is seeing an area that j

the traveler

acai la

SUMMER 1953 53

is the cradle of so many of our cultivated

plants.

Professor Zohary, the head of the Bot- any Department of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, pointed out some other very interesting facts about the Irano-turanian

ora. ereas, normally we look at seeds as a method of dispersal of plants, h pointed out that plants might be better off if they did not try to disperse their seeds over a large area. After all, the successful growth of a plant in a particular spot in- dicates that it has found its proper grow- ing conditions. Why should a plant scatter its seeds all around instead of re-establish- ing itself in the same place? Actually Pro- fessor Zohary showed that a large number

o

face in the plant where the original plant grows. Or, in other plants like some of

ripen. Or, the seed pods remain attached to the plant instead of dropping off and being dispersed.

When we look around in southern Cali- fornia we find that only a few plants have developed such special mechanisms, re- ducing the dissemination of seeds. One of the most typical examples is Oeno-

the seeds remain enclosed in them

It seems that there is a causal relation- ship between the lack of dispersal of seeds from Irano-turanian plants and their im- portance as food plants. Only plants of which the seeds do not scatter upon har- vesting of the ripe plant can be made into

of the Irano-turanian plants, and thus it is easy to collect seeds; whereas, in many of our wild desert plants, the seeds are scat- tered immediately upon ripening and therefore are hard to collect. In the Irano- turanian plants, seeds can be collected by picking dry plants and putting them in bags. Since the seeds are so large and do not fall off anyway, even paper bags full of holes can be used for their collection. However in desert plants, we need paper bags without any holes if we want to keep eds,

CALENDAR

American Begonia Society, Glendale Branch, eae the 4th Wednesday of each month, at the Pesaie Afternoon Club House, 400 North Central Ave., Glendale. 7:45 p.m. The follow- ing dates should be noted:

une: Mr, Alfred Roberts, speaking on Ferns 7 uly: Mr. Ladislaus Cutak, speaking on

tides Foliage Plants.

ugust: Mrs. Carol 4 i y rican seg rolyn K. Rector, speaking on

€pt.: Mrs. Louise Schwerdtfeger, speaking on yicgonias or Hanging Baskets. c ing, are welcome. Plant tables. Social

American Begonia Society, San Gabriel Branch: =i the 4th We nesday of each month, at

asonic Temple, 506 South Santa Anita, Ar- cadia. 8 p.m,

a Society: second Wednesday of the month

Si asadena Women’s Clubhouse, 58 South

terra Madre Ave., Pasadena. 8 p.m

am and Succulent Society of America, Inc.— Bi-ennial Convention at Arcadia, Calif.,

center of Los geles on U.S. Hig 6

ormal meetings will be held in the private

dining room o nter’s Cafe. Lo s for ajor portion of the delegates will in

touch with Homer Rush, 820 West 115th St., Los Angeles 44, Calif.

Orchid Hobbyists, San Gabriel Valley: meets the 3rd Thursday of the month, at Michillinda Women’s Club, 736 South Rosemead Blvd., Pasadena. 8 p.m

Pacific Rose Society: Picnic meetings planned from May to October at various locations, by announcement. Watch the local newspapers.

Southern California Camellia Society: no meet-

ings, May-October, inclusive.

54 LASCA LEAVES

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

Little oe Club of Pasadena becomes the p Life Member of California gat

e from a letter from Mrs

Club of Pasadena, regardi way in which this club, members raised the funds $s their life mem- bersh ip “the past two years the Little Garden Club “ot Pasadena has had as its project the evement of a life membership in the Los Angeles State anes eee Arbo se Just this month (i.e. March 1953) sufficient funds have

e sale of a garden calendar. To this w

er a fal peers

These covered a wide variety of activities: mak g and sale of card-table covers; woodcraft products ; ecue accessories; ristmas wreaths; sale garden supplies on commis- n; donation of services for a club program

To the Little sadena, a melee life welcome to pp bet Aiea undat

Rancho Santa a eae Garden reer ge

California. Open to visitors, of April 1, 53. This botanic garden sided in 1927, was originally located in the Santa An iver

each spring many hundreds of the Californi

Id flowers and flowering shrubs, such ag ell California Lilac; anzanitas, Tree ol ae Matilija Poppies, Fremontia or Slippery Elm; and Cercis or Red-bud. ving moved at Claremont the botanic garden has been closed for the past two years oct aoike ie , while new plantings were

e Ga ve aioe is scheduled to be open daily ex-

pa Saiiise afternoon and Sunday from 10

. to 4 p.m. During the Fy or3 it is open also

on i Setatdan afternoo yns. Admission is without

charge and visitors are welcome without having ents or reservations, weaned. A further change in

formerly in vogue is that no picnic a are provided, since nearby

city and cou i

a member of the staff to be er for conducted wal the Orange County site it was customary

have a flower oe in the a ~ with the s com

pact an fj abe i € the growing plants are Resi visitors can see the plants as living thi nd n w will eld. Comedies wit of the staff on the grounds is possible for those who have questions as to use 0 plants for ir home gardens, where t be ob tained and how to handle them

t takes some years to develop a mature gar- nd_ trees necessarily, there-

fore, small as yet, but there is enough develop ake a visit le for those specifically interested in California’s rich and er ora—one of the most beautiful and

s

The Botanic Garden's out one: eighth mile north “of Foothill pid a (High way a at 1500 North College ewe Clarem este Visi IE any, Un ow of bie ait, Nethe veers vad arte’ ary-treasurer tion for Pla eal specialist on the alae of Suri Lan 5 ee is on a to of botanical institution of the United States and - other expeaitio n to Suri

Dr. Joh nston, Medias

arpe eli "Purnoloaist U.S.D.A. Rubber Station, Turria oe Costa Rica.

ms ert Rands, former Head of the

Divisio of Rubber Plant Investigation, Plant Tota Station, Beltsville, Maryland.

nada, prio an-

“Arnold Arboretum, eae neal Dr.

ill

pasar and bean Silat a America W onvene in Arc co for its in Tay this year. Among the many noted mem

will be Ladislau k, orticulturist 19 Charge of Conservatories at th issourl tanical Garden in St. Louis J

f special interest to our readers is the “h gagement of Mr. Cutak as speaker at the July 16th meeting of the Southern California Hort cultural Institute tak has made a nu 5 ber of plant collecting trips poet ye Mexico, : an excellent photographer, a expert ©

h the taxonomy and cultur a pores succu- lents, and bromeli

Mr. 's calendar in southern Califor - also ee his speaking on ‘Tropical — Plants,” at the Ju ie meeting of the Ame ah Soe Society, t ednesday of af month. [See Cilenda aes in these pages

al Bal te) Chairman, sponsored an Ar

arer, pera on the grounds of Los Angeles

SUMMER 1953 55

State ond County Arboretum. Funds for the

purchase of twelve m magnolia trees representing en species and varieties, were contributed by the following clubs whose representatives were present for the planting ceremonies

evi0 ills Garden tudy Club; Southern California Horticultural Insti- tute; Home Garden Club; Las Jardineras; Lo Angeles Garden Club; Northwest Garden Club Pacific Palisades Garden Club; Garden Section

lubs, Inc.; Garden Planners; Little Garden Club of Pcie plus an indi-

BOOKS: REVIEWS

The Years in ne Herb Garden—Helen M. Fox

author of Gardening with Herbs for crates and

Fragrance, Patio Gardens, Abbé David’s Diary

(Pinch translation), etc. The Macmillen Coy $

€

: r tee neal with oo nd all this sais u e ha a them, cooked with

om x furthermore that it is quite acerencits gi n the herb ga tden with sat lyhocks,

and old. fash no ay or pltcye they all hive herbal nls and rapes tion : ter ‘‘Thymes iad Other | Ground

w ed a gardens, the leeks, ‘ties there is a host of desirable

mental iligans native to the mountainous

vidual contribution by Mrs. Harry Bauer.

California Leura! Soviet meets at the Ar- boretum: On May 23, some hundred and fifty cones of the Cali boris Historical Society n the historic site of Rancho Santa Anita, t Ss

cadia. view e newly restored Baldwin Queen Anne Cottage, an bene ent i the ssshegeetng Comsnittes of The A oe

undat under the oe of Maur Block highlighted the meeting.

and COMMENTS

regions of California, Persia, and Central Asia. These come readily fro m seed and the umbellate ers range in i

be longer g the many named varieties described, Fox considers the lavender- tinted roseate Allinm platycaule from Lower

ce of herbs is unique in that it pervades the coke plant—to be released at a touch. Mrs. F

given on rth by the w upo climbing the stony,

Bi ° 5

abe =] Bp oS

blind. Included in this book is the design of the John yler Arboretum a , Pennsyl- vania, 0 sie a number of herb gardens through- out the country which have been planned es-

pecially for the blind. ative American herbs used by the In-

purposes. Illustrations of excepti and detail of various individual plants, and of rs, own two famous gardens—her

earlier one, ‘Foxden, “High a nd Low” in sou areal add immeasura nb to on and interest in the ; viidition, a number of herb garden gh oe are saciid , as well as As ea cu pee ay experiment and p

later contribute y by Mrs. Arthur D. Richard- Itaden Cahtornik. and Mrs. Mary E. Boer. Claxton, ” Missouri. Mira C. SAUNDERS

Arnold-Forster, W., Sirs fe the Milder Counties. London

Lord, Ernest E., re sot Trees for Austral-

56 LASCA

ian ng bed Melbourne. 1948

Hoyt, Roland S., Check Lists of the ayant Plants of Subilopacal Regions. s Angeles. 1

938.

Horticultural information on plants for sub- ce ise areas is obtained fr ou We in S

Antal: in having three books recently belay for other parts of the world w e also equally of interest and eehices ahs and are well-known A

ey eninels (see 38), the other po shee

home gardener might easily pass by bo a on a plans fo Dalia African or Australian gardens and c onder where the “milder countries” without Tesla att chotllent plant coicetin n be obtained from these books. All thre ence esc noted above list plants for exposed sea coa - or windy locations in-

e grow in “Southern Cali- which we mig

n try. De- scriptions the ‘peng in ciation, notes on eir various dines tas . uses, methods of

soils, genie etc:,

all are of interest and use to the subtropical gardener, ther live Sout rica, Australia, Cornwall or Southern California. The

three volumes are well aR pal with photo- graphs in black and white and c

Moar aeaad

pli ‘he Weather:

the Weather Pla es: Index. $2.

A Revision of . T. Morris ek N.Y. 1953.

bie courtesy of Th eeu ce

: W eather (a complete sion of Knowin eather) involves

developments which have taken pl past te i

by giving unda- mentals of weather in - simplest form so >that he can understand ‘what the claims of the ih are all abou

eather is ies Mr. Longstreth

“but man has eet his eyes not to see.

Before he x lise! the dark glasses of urban life and ended in the subway, man re e sk

firty well. The Indian, the sailor, the herder,

and even the housewife hanging out the clothes

to dry understood the signs of wea that eatened their occupations. To t u

clo sensitive to siete variation of temper. erature, air moisture, wind or current, and they write out

LEAVES

what is to come for all to see. If there is any- thing ia is open and aboveboard, it is the atmos pher

nders oe the Weather contains chap-

ters on cyclones, winds, s, fog, rain (old style), a (mani -in note thunderstorms, hur- ricanes, torna re her

maps aa a section devo ed to forec asting with

regard for the a r. There is a biblio graphy as well as a slossary ‘ol seiey seat term

The Aloes

In the last issue of Lasca ae

species of A

ar there cue ay

of the species are pure white, most of them are scarlet, as

an added econ Scar ner that Bailey recommends pro tion - the word aloe with fee silibles a a eon name—i.e. al’-o-ee; but with two syllables a common name— ee

California's Arboretums and Botanical Gardens

gx abeth McCli — boogie gy t

of Sciences, San Re p in 0

Journal a the Californie nae tural Socie } 4, d 2, Jan. and April 1953,

ine aairt ra hg ecient brief ee of such instinidinad as are established in itd fornia. Si t points about each, oe directors, their particular botanical collections and horticultural offerings, their locati WF iecnetit: vantages are adequately pop ioe

e information should prove helpful to Ca visitor and student, as ide and reference 7 his special botanical or horticultural antes A For a Opeaht about availability of copies this reprint, write to the author, Department oy

poni Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif.

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

FUCA 33 vas Se EL a ans ee oe ea SAMUEL AYRES, JR. VICOP TOME. isos cox Foie eS a Mrs. Harry J. BAUER P 1CO-PPEMACNE Coes eis hes ke a es ROBERT CASAMAJOR TPN i Se hee a Howarp A. MILLER

MANCHESTER Boppy WILLIAM HERTRICH

RALPH D, CoRNELL JOHN C. MACFARLAND

Mrs. RicHARD Y. DAKIN SAMUEL B. MOSHER

Mrs. THOMAS FLEMING Mrs. WILLIAM D, SHEARER

JOHN ANSON ForbD Frirs W. WENT

HONORARY TRUSTEES

Mrs. J. E. HARTON Fred W. ROEWEKAMP CHARLES S. JONES Roy F, WiILcox

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF

ROUSSEL E Sans ee aa ee see Director RS WORIGE Fi AGING 4 605) 58k ve wae Coe aes Superintendent LOU DUARTE Cy aoe os sss tw oe Fs Plant Physiologist NOOR EINES BU cs wind Unie elo iw eo aka s Propagator J. OU Re SEN es hi ewe ed ee Plant Recorder JIEWHY Tic DURING eo oe ae ok vend 6 es we Historical Curator THELMMA Gc DUAREMAR 8S. 8 oes Vedas va Ge can bees Secretary JANET WRGHT. oF Gs a Research and Library (part time) MEMBERSHIPS Manuel Asspciate Memibetghin sci. 45 0 css ea oe ne $ 5.00 Annual IMACEAUCRSTND yon 00 oe Ca Ss cats cee ee ea 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership.............0.0.-000005 25.00 Annual Sustaining ne eee een ear eet ger 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership, oj... 1 466 es ei 250.00 late Menibetshigs. 052 a eee oon rpms eke 500.00 Founders:..020 7. a ee eee $1,000.00 or more PCURESITGIE so Cd ng eee am 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. ADDRESS

Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

Oreratep By CaLirornia ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

: Vol. Ill, No. 4

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1953

RE AG ocala cata ucts tate He cca es FRED W. ROEWEKAMP BOE ge oe, OP A SO a ae ar RALPH H. CORNELL PORTO he Os no Paes oe Lie Vaan x Se deg Okie dr GEORGE H. SPALDING FMM Mang oka PS ee Re KENNETH BISHOP PCOCHION SOLMRION I eis Va Co ven le 2h baw es RONALD B. TOWNSEND

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD EARLE E. HUMPHRIES MANCHESTER Boppy MILDRED E, MATHIAS HowarbD BODGER ALFRED W. ROBERTS PHILIP CHANDLER VERNON S. STOUTEMEYER Percy C. EVERETT RONALD B, TOWNSEND

RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG HEnry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HuGH EvANs Roy F, WiLcox MEMBERSHIPS PAVE WR hs yng ee ek RSE ERE $ 5.00 year ROR ON RMS etn oe oe ed om ea eb eyed Ged xe 5.00 year Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year Coprrinetinge WARNE 6 ooo ee io hs aww a 25.00 year Copminiteral MGMOR 6c 5c ie oo 50.00 year EAU NERO EE ee oie once eis ghee wn d SI OO 50.00 year AE POCORN es hab aares ou wien cual wachones 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class.

MEETINGS: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building, 18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

LASCA LEAVES

The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS PHILIP CHANDLER PHILIP A. MUNZ WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Garden Northern Califoenia—Eutzanern Vereen Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K. Mu eng: ia eek B. eee

Econorc: Biaits 0 tua eee ee RUSSELL J. SEIBERT Geo- deat pe Plant Patentss os Soro eer ae Louis C. WHEELER Parietal 65 2 sog-5 1s bake pga are ine 7 Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN Hostess eT Oe Te ee oe VERNON T. STOUTEMEYER Landscane Designs fu ve ole oe ee R Cor Aine Calitoria WOM ae ae ee cy C. EVERETT ig tanta: 2 eA A ergs ellen ear a ong eani Bay ROBERT CASAMAJOR Omitholopical yishik cal aah Smear aca Boe a er a W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM Plank Matettshs (00 sus oF ich MILpRED Davis, PHILIP CHANDLER Plagt Pathoiaey oho: oi ch eh Os ee PIERRE MILLER Plant Sorbie ius oy wedi ewe ee once ee GEORGE H. SPALDING Propepatiqn (oo oye ie ya es cos ; INN BUCK Succuletie ors co soe eb er eee ALFRED C., HoTres Taxohonny. Gf Byotieny 62. Goes rie ee MILDRED MATHIAS Taxonomy OF Natt... ch eo ae Puitip A. MUNZ JANET WRIGHT, Editor VoL. III OCTOBER, 1953 No. 4 COMNELENTS White ele tea: Native California Plants for ender Use. oe ees Ps oie K. Muller 59 aan INOUES Sec oo ere eee bce Co hoe Sear eee anel apenas eorge H. Spalding 61 Southern eee amare ae Institute 1952-1953. Te W. Roewekamp 62 Report of Aches: 1 ic a are ald B. Townsend 62 California praia: Foundation, Inc., Annual Report, ae siya 64 felichrytum: peleghatime 3 ee ON ag ce vanes sae ed AE bs oh 69 Grasses for Our Home Lawns............ R. J. Seibert and Louis B. Martin 70 Bitd Notes. << cee ne ee W. Dan Jc nuhaeaaame 7 Perennials Will Grow in: Califomia: «os choi... es veh ase dred Davis 74 eflections on a Recent Horticultural Visit to outh HED iit oe ees desta hari Sev wee ie teeio ees oh Samuel Ayres, Jr. 76 citar’ s Crp as ee hei as chr cee eas ames. INGtés aiid INC eu rate ee is a ky cin Ge Biota el vn lb ted emacs a 79 Cover ek ee rN ei seo ae hice bs Wah ace a's 79

Fullugia paradoxa, Apache Plume

AUTUMN 1953 a

WHITE FLOWERING NATIVE CALIFORNIA PLANTS FOR GARDEN USE

KATHERINE K. MULLER

WHITE FLOWERS are widely used as ac- cents in garden plantings, while charming

ready been accepted in the horticultural trade and are

Species suitable for almost any garden

ll of them are easily 8town. Those to be dealt with here, how- ever, should offer no horticultural prob- lems to the gardener.

Fragaria chiloensis, Sand Strawberry, is already known as a desirable ground cover plant. Covered with a mass of white flow- €rs in the spring, it is attractive through-

Out the year because of its rich green leaves. Although it is widely publicized as _ 4 ground cover for areas of considerable _ 8iZ€, one of its most attractive uses is in a _ harrow border not more than a foot in _ Width along garden paths and flower beds.

Mass of herbage 10 to 12 inches high. It bI an inconspicuous plant except when in

0om, but in late spring it bursts into a Mass of white flowers 1 inch across which

make it easily one of the showiest plants of the garden. So dense are the star-like flowers at the height of their bloom that the underlying plant structure can scarcely be seen. By summer the flowers are gone and the finely divided leaves beginning to brown. The plant is then ready to be cut

easily grown and sandy soil, often seeding itself when once established.

Little attention has been given to the white flowered species of Oenothera as subjects for garden culture, although the pink and yellow flowering species are often cultivated. Oenothera deltoides is an annual with branches which spread out in cartwheel fashion from the base of the stem. By the middle of spring the large 4-petalled flowers, up to 3 inches across, begin to open and continue into summer. This Dune Primrose is easily grown under

evening. In found especially useful in borders and on rocky banks.

Romneya coulteri, Matilija Poppy, is well known to gardeners, having been culti- vated for many years. Its large fragrant white flowers with their big orange-yellow centers are its most attractive feature. Blooming in June and July it reaches its heaviest flowering at a time when the gar- den is apt to be in a state of summer dull- ness. This is a tall-growing perennial which should be cut back near the groun after flowering. It is best used in a large

Carpenteria californica in Santa Barbara Botanic Garden

space as it tends to spread by root sprouts and is not readily confined to a small lo- cation. Smaller strains of this species which fit more readily into the average gare den are sometimes avail: ible.

Carpenteria californica is a beautiful na-

tive plant which has found its w: ay into limited cultivation both in this country and abroad. It is a densely branching

shrub growing to a height of 6 or 8 feet with simple oblong leaves which are dark green on the upper surface and grey be- 1eath. It blooms for a period of about 6 weeks in the late spring with white flowers

somewhat resembling those of Philadel-

phus. The flowers have 5 white petals around a mass of pale yellow stamens and reach a diameter of 2 to 3 inches. ear the coast Carpenteria grows well a full sun, but inland it is better to plant it in filtered sunlight. Although it is a drought

enduring shrub, the leaves remain more attractive when it is given summer water. From the arid southwest come two

white flowering nae sper es of the Rose Family

which are especially good in hot dry loca- tions. Fallugia pare id oxa, Apache Plume, is a diffusely branching shrub with small finely divided grey-green leaves. In flower it is a handsome plant for it is covered with pee flower stalks which project be- yond the foliage, each bearing a showy white flower resembling a small single rose. From each flower there develops 4 cluster of small dry fruits with long afted soft pink plumes, making a feathery ball up to 3 inches in diameter. The flowering season starts in May and continues until September with a gradual transition from full flower to full fruit. Apache Plume 1s readily grown in cultivation and is espect ally suited to dry banks and eae . stansburiana, Clit Rose, . somewhat similar to en but in many ways more attractive shrub or rarely a small tree with severa slender erect trunks and small ee

Cowania

~ ° nN dense clusters on dwarf side bri SS ; 1€ the heat of the day or when crushe« resin-

glandular leaves give off a pleasant

AUTUMN 1953

ous odor. ve slightly Sago ce borne branche eam

velops a group of 5 o with a thickly tufted plume. Cowania is a vigorous grower, can be pruned as desired, and requires a minimum o of summer water. It is best planted in full sun along the coast.

Lyonothamnus floribundus var. asplent- folius, Santa Cruz Island Ironwood, is dis- tinctive not only fot its huge inflorescences

small white flowers, but also for its fern-like leaves and shaggy grey bark.

61

This tree from the Channel Islands of California usually grows with erect trunk to a height of 18 to 30 feet, but may branch at the base to produce three or four more slender stems while in moist canyons on Santa Cruz Island it reaches 45 feet in

rodu o 18 inches across, are so densely massed that the big white clusters make a striking display when the tree blooms in earl summer. Although summer is its blooming season, occasional inflorescences develop throughout the year in Santa Barbara. Santa Cruz Island Ironwood grows readily in cultivation and needs no particular type of care.

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

Cyphomandra betacea

This interesting plant of the nightshade family Resear ceae) is one of the edible mem-

bers, a uite decorative as well. It will make a pent or, if kept trimmed up, a small tree ie olga or fourteen feet. The flowers are clusters, and the fruit

oT Bileeca gee about Gre t first, it turns poe red,

brings up a po in

whic Practices that Ps ty pace emphasis

Never buy or use plant —— os has sh t boun tainers. Thi

in the small pot ha ~~

eventually strangled the t To n to our fe, ee set of C ae. man ade betes is sub-acid in flavor and can be

res

‘een “However, it is pees

No special care is beast a n growing except to remember that the plant is not reliably hardy and is especially tender when young.

AUTUMN CHANT

“Now the autumn shudders In the rose’s root. Far and wide the ladders

Lean among the fruit.

“Now the autumn clambers Up the papier

And the rose reme The dust from which it came.

rame,

“Brighter than the blossom On the rose’s bough Sits the wizened, orange,

Bitter berry nou

“Beauty never slumbers; All is in her name; But the rose remembers The dust from which it came.”

EpNa St. VINCENT MILLAY The Harp Weaver and Other Poems

62 LASCA LEAVES

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE | 1952-1953 : ANOTHER SUCCESSFUL YEAR in the history of the Southern California Horticultural —

Institute has come to a close, and high hopes are held for its future in the light of its” past achievements. !

et Nib

One of the major accomplishments of the past year has been the development of a 7 publication which reaches not only the membership of the Institute but an increasing — number of people interested in the development of the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum—itself an accomplished objective of the Horticultural Institute. Formerly a publication solely of California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., the quarterly known as _ Lasca Leaves is now a joint periodical of the two institutions, as announced in the . Spring, 1953, issue. Through the fine professional members of the Editorial Board, it gives expert, up-to-date articles and information, in addition to timely news of other : arboretums and botanic gardens, which makes us realize that this new phase of com- munication is most valuable. 4 The month of March marked the Fourth California International Flower Show, held at Hollywood Park, Inglewood, Calif. It met with outstanding success. This flower show came into existence through the efforts of the Horticultural Institute. (See Lasca Leaves, Spring, 1953, issue. Vol. HII, No. 2, p. 12.) During last season it achieved the i reputation of being the major show of its kind in the United States—and we are really just getting started! When a spectacle of this kind is presented to 200,000 enthusiastic visitors from all parts of the world, as recorded this past year, it is bound to have far reaching effects. ; These and other events of a successful past should be an incentive to further achieve ments in the future, which we confidently expect. ; FRED W. ROEWEKAMP, President. Report of Activities

Chairman of Monthly Meetings and Pro- grams: Mr. Philip Chandler.

Reeves Nurseries; Jay Gooch, and : architect; Dudley Hickman, landscape 4€ i

The following summarizes the programs held during the past year, at Toberman Playground Auditorium, 18th and Tober- man, Los Angeles, the 3rd Thursday of each month:

mber 18, 1952: Tropical Plants for Southern California, with particular emphasis on Bromeliads. Mr. Mulford B. Foster, famed plant explorer, of Orlando, Florida, outlined the culture of these plants and illustrated them with colored slides of specimens both in their native habitat and under cultivation.

gner. J November 20: Trees for Southern Cal fornia, a talk by Leroy Chetwood of K line- Wilcox Nurseries. 4

December 18: Christmas Color in Cali- fornia Gardens, talk by Jay Gooch, Land- scape Architect of West Los Angeles. '

January 15: The Fruit of Your Garden panel discussion led by Richard Westcott of Paul J. Howard Nursery, assisted Dr. Walter Lammerts, and Mr. Dillon. their cult

March Giridlian, 1952 Editor, Bulb

ews. a April 16: Roses, both old and n

|

AUTUMN 1953

discussion led by ““Mirandy’’ (Mrs. S. Bauersfeld), assisted by Dr. Walter Lammerts and John VanBarne- veld. The Mixed Flower Garden, panel discussion under leadership of Ray- mond Page, with Mrs. Mildred Davis and apes Bodger assisting. un : Face-lifting the Garden, talk and et by Ralph Cornell.

July 16: Tropicals for the Sun, talk by Ladislaus Cutak of the Missouri Botanical Gardens, St. Louis, generously illustrated with slides ust 20: Turf, its care and mainten-

on the Las of the speakers and panel assistant

Plant a Chairman, Dr. Mildred

fornia at Los Angeles (UAL LA se port of previous plant forums is printed in the monthly notices. A of plants

eception and Membership: aes Mrs. Maria Wilkes, who with her co mittee is mainly responsible for the bet ying increase in membership. Arboretum and Street Tree 2 cilsld Si an, Dr. P

of | epartment : nternal Revenue ees that begin- ing May 26, 1951, the date on which

63

the Articles of Incorporation of Southern California Horticultural Institute were amended, exemption from income tax was provided in a code, since the Institute is organized a

tributions made to the Institute, on or sub- sequent to May 26, 1951, are deductible in

to present sees of the above ruling in this Annual Report.

September satis the opening of a new year of activity of the Institute, with the follo owing officers and committee chair- me

gue Oe geders sheng FRED W. ROEWEKAMP View eee AE rN V. T. STOUTEMEYER SECIGIALY. porns med a GEORGE H. SPALDING RPeaSrITer 4.5.0: Seren oak KENNETH BISHOP

Chairmen: oe Sh fontaine tee PeGGy SULLIVAN ae Sree RONALD B. TOWNSEND

ARIA WILKES

UDG os eas eee see BoDGE = apg cat Bund 62 ie MANFRED MEYBERG Sant BOLUM e cod ee em DONALD WOOLLE sa "ee Displaya: JOHN WATERBURY Pasadena Flower Show.... . inp ee BISHOP Lasca met Wee Siena et he ie ig a

ED MATHIAS, nae A. MuN pecan! Flowe er Show . .JACK Evans, LOVELL SWISHER RED

reel ies Respectfully submitted by Ro Executive Secretary SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE, INC. FINANCIAL SUMMARY July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953

Total Income

Membership: peering use et $ 37.50 Wale ee eee 20.00 Cosuatelal es eae eer 405.00 $1,062.50 Publications .......... 4.00

a Flower

2,315.83 421.75

$3,804.08

Tot slain Income... Total “sa aren renee 2,237.76 Total Fixed hie ae 5,020.09

64

LASCA LEAVES

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

Annual Membership Meeting June 16, 1953 ANNUAL REPORT 1952-53

CONSTRUCTION:

County Capital Improvement work on the grounds this fiscal year has consisted of:

1. Grading, paving and preparation of the parking area adjoining the west side Baldwin Avenue between Colorado Blvd., and the staff entrance, just north of the forecourt area; included are staff and service entrance gates

2. Paving of the north loop road through the north acres and the Tallac Knoll road; this completes the major pav- ing of Arboretum roads.

3. Installation of north loop water main and primary and main sewer spur lines along the future building area.

4. Installation of sprinkler systems in the parking area, the northeast nursery area and throughout the southeast section of the Arboretum, including a portion of the Historical Preserve.

5. Construction of an aluminum lath house on the permanent lath house site.

6. Drainage facilities were improved through the remodeling of the old 4 foot drain gate of the Lagoon into a spillway. FORECOURT PARCEL:

The County has purchased some 3.6 acres of property which will form the main public entrance and forecourt off Baldwin Ave.

HORTICULTURAL PROGRAM:

More than 3,500 plants were set in permanent positions on the grounds. This is more than double the number planted last year. Both our growing and planting program are accelerating and the perma- nent plantings are beginning to show the

ults.

The Arboretum Magnolia collection was considerably augmented by the gift of 13

plants in 11 species and varieties by var- ious garden clubs as their Arbor Day pro-

tion. Additional redwoods and metase- quoias were planted near our establishe redwood to form a small grove.

Two large plantings of Ewcalypius were made in the Australian section of the grounds, and a sizeable planting of Aca- cias has been installed at the north end of

number of species, in the country. The

some very interesting data.

The field nursery trial areas are d veloping very satisfactorily and addition plants of promise have been observed.

e- al

A considerable quantity of seed has —

been collected of rare and unusual plants which will be used to augment our col- lections and a portion distributed for test- ing in other sections of Southern Cali- ornia.

The Bottlebrush collection was planted 1 ion in the Australian section a ow drought resistant these what poor soil they will tolerate.

Maintenance of all plantings has been kept at as high a level as possib limited staff. The resulting

brought the plant collections to a point of

considerably enhancing the appearan the Arboretum grounds

A shipment of seed the Forestry Department of Israe given terial for an authentic biblical garden.

and cuttings from

Our extensive collection of forty-five

1 has4 us a good start in obtaining ma —

species of bamboo has also been planted in

its permanent location in the Pa Bamboo area. LUX ARBORETUM ANNEX:

ae . on- Minimum maintenance has been ¢

Im and —

| |

|

AUTUMN 1953 65

ducted on the Lux Plantings. Certain of

hill frost-free conditions. Dr. Lux, who has acted as Honorary Curator of the Lux Arboretum Annex, contributed much time and effort in watering the collections and has gathered together about 125 varieties of Camellias which he has planted on the Annex. Plans have been completed by the Foundation for hiring a gardener-care- taker to be employed at the Lux Arbore- tum Annex starting this next fiscal year. RESEARCH PROGRAM:

A. Under the County Agreement, re- search has been conducted on:

. Trees and shrubs suitable for use in parks, parking lots and center, side, and intersectional panels of road_ rights-of- way. In this program have been in- cluded plantings of the mallee type Ew- calyptus, the Bottle Brushes—Callistemon, Calothamnus spp. and Melaleuca spp..—

‘oleaceae, Acacias and Bamboo.

_ 2. Evergreen turf grasses and soil bind- ing plants suitable for use in and aroun

County Golf Courses, Play Grounds, Ath- letic Fields, Parks and Institutional Build- ings. Approximately 50 turf grasses and 125 ground covers have entered into this Program. A natural selection of Blue-

apy g, having shown both initial fine drought resistance and winter greenness, 3. New frost resistant evergreen plants, The year produced no unusual cold Weather in which to make critical frost tolerant selections ; however, records were taken on all damage done to plants during the winter. Ornamental trees and shrubs with

is B. Under. Louis B. Martin’s guidance, € completion of the March, 1952-53, Phat between the Foundation and

onsanto Chemical Company for the pur-

pose of testing Krilium Soil Conditioner

number of the’ plots to be observed over longer periods.

. Dew precipitation observation. Re- cording of dew precipitation by means of the Duvdevani Dew G i

LIBRARY :

Classifying, cataloguing, shelving, in- dexing done. Shelf-listing underway. LASCA LEAVES:

With the Spring Issue, 1953, joint pub- lication with the Southern California Herticultural Institute was achieved. The

was appointed will continue, January, April, July, and October. PROGRAMS—on “The Arboretum” Messrs. Nelson and Benson have pre- pared an illustrated series of lectures to show the many notable features of the Arboretum. This lecture has been

places within the city as the Arboretum, left more or less as nature intended them.

The following are groups for which Mr. Nelson and Mr. Benson gave their program:

All Saints Episcopal Church—Jr. Women’s Gui adena —

Civitan Clu rcadia

County of Los Angeles—Board of Supervisors and County Employees—Hall of Records

County of Los Angeles—Division of Scales & Weights es

Crystal Lake Recreation Department—Crystal

ake Daughters of the American Revolution—Ar- i ter

Daughters of the American Revolution—Santa

Ani ter

First Congregational Church—Pasadena Kiwanis Club— i

Kiwanis Club—Sierra Madre Lady Bug Garden Club—Altadena

66 LASCA Lake Arrowhead Woman's Club—Lake Arrow-

a Club—A

Lions cadia Medical Wives. pee ae oe Gabriel Val- ley di Neen San Gabriel Valley Branch Native Daughters of the Golden West—San Gabriel Valley O.—Arc

: ia Pesbyterian Church—Schooners Club—Arcadia Pre = an Church—Schooners Club—Mon-

Ex- Presidents of the a 8 — Associa- San Fernando V

beesedre Clu ae aia oy South East “Raps yA Society—South Gat Woman's Clu wood—Garden Racin Woman's Club of Monrovia—Garden oe Woman's Club of Monrovia—Jun ARTICLES engreston

Several articles have been published in various Saipan other than Lasca Leaves during the past year. Dr. Seibert having six pei Mrs. Shearer one and Mr. Martin on PUBLICI ae

The nen a pie furnished the Arboretum by the Los Angeles area dur- ing the 1952-53 =tate year has included 75 articles and 56 illustrations, inclusive only of those clippings which have reached the Arboretum office

ALKS:

Twelve talks have been given by the Arboretum staff since July 1, 1952. Dr. Seibert, seven; Mr. Spalding, one; Mr. Nelson, one; and Mr. Martin, three PROGRAMS, TELEVISION AND RADIO PUBLICITY

Dr. Seibert and Mi Nelson gave two radio programs; one taped and one live program. Mr. Spalding and Mr. Martin gave one television program. CONTRIBUTIONS OF SPECIAL MENTION: See Lasca Leaves, Spring Is- sue, 1953. Vol. III, No. 3, p. 54. Names, Notes and News Col LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS: See issus of Lasca Leaves as noted immediately above,

p. 50. HOLLYWOOD GARDEN CLUB:

We are indebted to the Hollywood Garden Club for a contribution of $100.00 toward the purchase of (i plants for the Arboretum s were used for the purchase of 12 palms for use at the

LEAVES

Service Entrance. [ Note: Hollywood Gar- den Club should be added to the repre- sentative clubs participating in ia Arbor Day program, as note of the above mentioned Lasca See Spring issue. |

VOLUNTEER WORKERS:

Dr. George P. Lux, acting as Honorary Curator of Lux op Hy Annex, Care of Lux Arboretum Anne

W. Dan Quattlebaum, “Weed Control.

Mrs. Ruth Spalding, Office hours. GROUP TOURS OF THE

ARBORETUM 4,322 individuals were conducted through the grounds on guided tours,

different interests, e.g. other school groups ; aedea Ciabs etc. MEMBERSHIP OF CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, oe

Annual Associate Members.......---

Annual Members. .«.... 0-03 6% e900 a Annual Contributing Members... ..-- 46 Annual ot Members.......-- 2 Bate MOINDES. o66.s oaicica eens oe es 12 Founder Satis Beads oe ewmons ’

Honorary Life Member

Total of 333 Members—of which 62 are |

Garden Clubs. EXCHANGE PUBLICATIONS: 112 institutions to date 45 Foreign 67 United States Increase of 7 over last year. FINANCIAL SUMMARY July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953

Total Income

emberships ...... $ 3,537.00 Subventions—

A. unty.... 56,600.00 Endowment Fund... 600.00 Architect Fund..... ,650.00

rounds Transporta Se ee 105.00

— me —"

ial—Cash ar ae 1,739.00 FRPTIOES! 2 potas oc cae 3,862.50 RINNE (a dawiet iss 10,467.02 Publications ....... 14.50

Total Expenses Total Fixed Assets...

Pcs FO ee Peres,

j

AUTUMN 1953

Total Non- -cas sh

ints; ase S$ °2.238:85 Flower Prints & RINGS 0 = cote 50.00 Arboretum Equipment ...... 12.50 abor (Administrative) 77.00 r (Arboretum 226.80 Photographs & Film 84.25 Survey & H ae as 4.10 Plan Séeds.24.2 02.15 Bes ‘materials and Se Ger eater 6,859.99 10,055.64 Historical Committee und Resenve 25.400 wee $ 6,070.32 Income = © eee ees 45,152.00 5122252 “ Res eioreahi work. 48,587.67 Garden Tour Fund ReScive ww noon $ 2,886.85 INCOME fos ke 99.02 2,985.87

pire sta ee 1,984.42

isc GIFTS RECEIVED BY THE ARBORETUM DURING THE PAST YEAR ne of money donations: )

BEN H. H-—110—35nim Kodachrome “Slides of the Arboretum prior to 19 K, Mrs. WILLIAM —4l eu specimens of — Plants.

FARNHAM, GEO. J —35mm Kodachrome

—— Hace Harp pian: DeWald Dado Blade HoLioway, ‘Hou (ite 100 Economat Masters a 500—

nd 1 ‘Typewoies Ribbon.

8 x 10 Arhoretasn Maps.

R.— Crystal es (or- 0

OF CoMMERCE—2 “Horicoiell pein Chart.’ Los Nevis Shag CLuB—104 Loads of Com- posting Str =< Rie AN ais. Cocks E Co., Pasadena—stor- e and delivery of re Baldwin coach. Nicsasicte CHEMICAL

aA yg Ro wn

0 . Wet Krilium 189-W. GE, Miss “ALICE—One picture— “Three Zones jee

100 Ibs. of Cadi cyanamid. R of Remix. Bian te, LEE Gyro Engineering Co. . hehe 2. Soil “ain

67

RosTLer, Fritz S., Golden Bear Oil Co. 5 Gal Cans of Golden Bear Dust ee SANTA ANITA CAMERA SHOP—7 Cut Film Holders (4 x 5). ee ne Mira C.—Four Broughton

SouTHERN ee Serre MFRS.— oad Re a ae one vin a Otto P.—N Ibs. Ma an “Hydride. —2—8 x 10 Saath ees NS — color n Anne — ; e on

e Arbor

haa Chemical—5

LIBRARY eee

AMERICAN BEGONIA SOCIETY LIBRARY— books.

Ayres, Dr. SAMUEL, JR.—1 book. BEHRENDS, Mrs. DoroTHy—3 books.

Fesris, Dr. HUMBERTO A. a pamphlets.

Hoak, Miss CHARLOTTE—20 paces, JUHREN, GusTaF—2 Re rints KIMBALL, M. H.— phlet.

oks. eh meil pamphlets, 90 peri-

ery books, 2 periodicals, 1 pamphlet.

MartTIN, Louis B.—1 book, ‘as periodicals.

1 Garden Horti-

Is.).

MiL_Ler, Dr. HYMAN—1 sage ae: a GLapys—108 agen 2

PuGH, cr RD—5 pie ieee NIC GaRDEN— 13

ROLLINS, REED C.—4 pam phlet

SEIBERT, Dr. R. J.—12 ieee. 110 pamphlets.

= S ere EvaNns—4 reprints

TrauB, Dr. HAMILTON P.—1 pamphlet, 2 fe-

'89 periodicals,

ints.

VERDOORN, cua aye bg pamphlets. WENT, Dr. Frits W

basin, Leg eos joan ‘Lucky” Bald-

n Est WinLtans, Mas FRANCES R.—6 periodicals, 3 Wien. nr books. GIFTS OF PLANTS AND SEEDS RECEIVED BY THE ARBORETUM:

ApELAIDE BOTANIC GARDEN, Australia.

ALLAN Nursery, So. Carolina. Ayres, Dr. AND Mrs. SAMUEL, JR.

68 LASCA

BADGLEY, Mrs. FRANK B. BANKS, FRE ED M, BAUER, cae Harry J. (Magnolia collection) . BECK, LLo BEHRENDS, “hive Dorotny S. DW.

spans SEEDS,

CAGNEY, J. i ehkinecy

, JIM CHeviot HILLs GARDEN CLUB (Magnolia col- ection CLARKE, J. HaroLp COLUMBIA oe RA

AVIS, MILDRE DEIGAARD, MEDC Oe Nursery DELKIN DE OLF, GorDoN P. DIMITMAN, he's DUNCAN & DaAvIEs, “1 DuRNELL, Mrs. CHAS ERB, Ir EVANS & RE nce ich omg i EVERGREEN Nu FAWCETT, E FAWCETT, HAR FERREYRA, Sey Lima, Peru. iysrnto a lige FLOTHE FOSTER, (for GARDEN Cui a ae PASAD GARDEN STubDy CLuB (Magnolia r alieebuas GARDEN PLANNERS (Magnolia collection)

W.

IM ’ GIRIDLIAN, a“ N. Ky DR, A.

CLiusp—Garden Section

B (Magnolia collection) HorTrTes, ALFRED

padabag 4 JAMEs F.,

Hoyt, R

HUNTINGTON BOTANICAL GARDENS

IMLE, Dr. E. P.

LEAVES INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW—Educational:

JOHNSON, E OHNSON Nursery (Howarp) - WILCOX NURSERIES ND Mrs. MartTIN B.

LANGFORD, MIC LAS JaRDINERAS oo Cus (Magnolia col-

kerr eee CLuB OF PASADENA( Magnolia collection )

Serine! 5 Arce LOREN Los ANories os DEPT. OF RECREATION AND

Los oe GARDEN CiusB (Magnolia col- lection)

Lux, Dri G: FP. MARSHALL, Mr. AND Mrs. Harry C.

MENNING Mrs. E. MIssOuURI Boranicat —— MonroviA NURSER

OoRE, Mr. AND hoes ALBERT R. Moore, . WM MorTON AR BORETUM, Lisle, NATIONAL ao AL ee Kirstenbosch, So. pos NELSON,

iat perdi a New York Bo ine eae NOoLaNn, Mrs. vera Se, NortTHRUP KIN ipo NORTHWEST aes CLUB (Magnolia collec-

vara O’ Don Dr. rth, Australia Pacitic PALisaDés ghey ae Cus (Magnolia ee ETT WE

QUATTLEBAUM, W. DAN Rar Ra AJRANG gree RNGe, New Delhi, Geek. ALBERT REEDER, MABELLE C. AND FRIENDS E.

ICE, W.

ROCHESTER, NEw YorK, PARKS Derr. OEWEKAMP, Frep W.

ROSECRAFT GARDENS

SEIBERT, hale

SLICK,

SORIANO, oe. oe ina, So, Am

sa CALIFORNIA inericuaed IN- STITU 2 Meee collection)

SPALDING, ‘Gas E H.

STONECYPHER, he

= nw

TR Su ponmices ANN Rr, MRs. RALPH TOWE “a as C.

peo eea ee

SW : PICAL EXPERIMENT M. aon wean

AUTUMN 1953

B, Dr. HAMILTON GELES a

F PLANT EXPLORATION AND Weonuerane Bae Md.

69

U.S.D.A. Div. oF PLANT EXPLORATION AND d.

INTRODUCTION—Glenn Dale, M WELLS, Dr. a bul,

WENT, Dr. Frits W.

WHITE, Mr. jes ess. Bel oe Woop, CLYDE C.

WOOLLEY, hous

Detail of flower

HELICHRYSUM PETIOLATUM

eee aie Mr. Alfred Hottes has techie Bones: example of a most interesting ; nique botanical ilustration, including the pie de : both of his

weed Everlasting: Hell-i- om he Greek, sun and gold, the flower.

anatum), is a rathe with slender shoots that are

laty Mon shrubby plant and with woody stems. The leaves are

Vinelike

ae eget oy at the base, white and woolly ote flowers are small, e r

as ne ‘ ss S

a greyish and a towtis are really not attrac-

ee is one ot aca which could easily be fil

called Dusty Miller. Its more yeamlia relative is the common annual srawtlower, H elichrysum bractec Tses. The irregular habit of cecal slaats

it =e » seep hillsi ted above its flow

a Nines gp so one can keep this int at gaia

back when grown in more refined situations.

LASCA LEAVES

GRASSES FOR OUR HOME LAWNS R. J. SEIBERT and L. B. MARTIN

ONE of the research projects at the Ar-

boretum has been the development and

maintenance of various lawn grasses. This program has been guided by:

. Desire for grasses or grass combina- tions in our Southern California area which will provide a year-round green lawn, emphasizing drought tolerance.

. Need of the home owner for a place to

—"

N

home lawn preparation ance in the Southern California area. The first grass plots were started during the summer of 1950. The number of plots and grass species has been increased since that time. Observations have been made on many of the common lawn grasses. Se- lection and isolation of certain grasses with potential value for warm season lawns has been under way. As this project continues, the most desirable grasses will be isolated for further study. It is hoped that such a program will result in the ful- fillment of the needs outlined above. Thus far, two grasses have been of par- ticular interest to us, namely the Bermudas

or o> a oO wv oO es < ° cr m ° ec ey is) aan a9 oad ~ nA an oO “a z fa.)

brief in order to indicate the scope of our k

work.

Cynodon dactylon—Bermuda grass. Ever- glades No. 1, No. 2, No. 3: Single plot of each of these Bermuda strains were es- tablished at the Arboretum in May, 1952. Plugging material was obtained from UCLA. Larger isolation plots were estab- lished in May, 1953, using plugs from the 1952 planting. In general, the growth habit of these strains appears to be more

uniform than that of common Bermuda; the absence of long, coarse runners being notable. Summer color ranges from the

green color. Of the three, Everglades No. 3 would seem to be preferred both as to leaf texture and summer color, for home lawn grass. Figure 1 shows the leaf tex- ture of Everglades No. 3.

U-3 Bermuda: Our material was ob- tained from UCLA in 1951. Plantings

winter. This strain,

r green considerably earlier in the spring than any of the other Bermudas observed :

appear possible to combine the Bermuca :

to produce a year-round green lawn. | Zoysia—This grass is native to tropical and eastern Asia. Various species af recognized by the following

common — names: Manila grass, Japanese lawngrass, —

Z. japonica—Japanese lawngrass: es coarsest appearing of the Zoysias. Seed : six strains Arboretum from Maryland, in 1950. Small plots were q

a]

tablished from this seed that same yeat —

=

d a z i

Pip bale aeaayl Shae) ( 2 SN OP A Sie SANE eh ee nr ee

IA3W

K, 2 i

ON NO < Y >

Bes

if

V77FVLYW WISAOZ ea

ee leaf shape and texture of ee warm season gras Note the some ysla jaf See text for ica explanation

4. ane fins 3 af of the Meyer's Zoysia, a strain of 2

> large olantings were made in April a year and a half with a dense, leafy mat.

‘ f < 1950 plots. Summer color is a light green, winter our color, straw. No observable strain differ-

using sprigs from the ences have appeared within this material.

G

stowth of Z. japonica is moderate ; SDrio 5 Sprigged plots were completely covered in

72 LASGA Figure 2 illustrates the leaf appearance of one o ese strains.

japonica—Meyer’s or Z-52:

vegetative clone. 1952-53, it retained its green color several weeks longer than the other strains of this species. See Fig. 3.

Z. matrella—Manila grass: This species has narrower and shorter leaves than Z. japonica. Dr. C. V. Piper brought speci- mens of Z. matrella to the United States from the Philippine Islands in 1911. The Arboretum’s first planting was through seed obtained from Beltsville in the sum- mer of 1950. Nine of a total of twelve seedlings were selected in the spring of 1951, on the basis of retaining some winter greenness. made from the:e selections, one in filtered shade and the other in full sun. Both plantings are doing well in their respective locations.

= << a as om N a”: c oO Lan | }-)

m

successful plots of grass. Selections based on winter green color, leaf shape, and leaf texture have been made from various seedlings of this second planting. Of par- ticular interest at present are the selections established in the spring of 1953 between the double driveways at the future en- trance to the Arboretum. From these selec- tions may come one of the grasses which will eventually be used throughout the Arbo ig. 4.

e; a clone, supplied by Ken Yuma, Ariz. The vegetative ma-

Rogers, riz. grown well though slowly; the

terial h

LEAVES

seeded grass has made very poor growth, exhibiting extreme variability of leaf shape, texture, and color. No winter greenness was observed during the 1952-

sias in General: The chief apparent difference between the species Z. japonica and Z. matrella is in the size of the leaf.

lawn condition.

The one disadvantage of these grasses is their winter color. It appears from our preliminary observations that variation for winter greenness is greater within Z. ma- trella than within Z. japonica. It is on the basis of this that our present selection pro- gram is stressing Z. matrella as one start- ing point for a single grass, or a combina- tion of grasses suitable for this particular area.

Blue Grasses: Two blue grasses have been

considered worthy of investigation. The first of these is Merion blue, a compafa- tively new introduction. Fall plantings develop into a deep green, spongy, thick turf in a short time; however, during the summer months considerable difficulty — arises in keeping this turf in top condi- tion. Carefully planned and regular care — is required and many questions are still : unanswered as to what are the best main- — tenance practices for this grass in our area, —

The second blue grass we hav

“Lucky Baldwin.” An old lawn grass, mixed with

origin or past natural developm "a blue grass; consequently, seed and vegeta

|

AUTUMN 1953 a3

tive material have been isolated for further study and identification. Because of its ap- parent naturalization through the years, it is possible that this blue grass holds po- tential value for wider use in our area of Southern California.

Of the two grasses, the “Lucky Bald- win’ has shown better warm ng and drought tolerance than the

imi

’ A possible answer to the desire for an all- -year green lawn may be found by com ae cool an

the other predominates, the net effect be- ing a green lawn at all times of the year. Although too little is known to state

ollowing combinations are now under observation at the Arboretum

. Everglades sag : lugged into aie: lished Merion e =

. Everglades aaa 5 lugged into estab- lished Merion P -

. 0-3 Bermuda ue into established

Merion b . Merion es plugged into established Zoysia japonica.

Merion blue plugged into established Zoysia m atrella,

“Lucky Baldwin” established Z. japo The natural combination of Bermuda and ‘ mee Baldwin” blue. In time, the scope of the grass research ane ae will probably be restricted to the

tther refining of a few grass species and Species combinations showing the desired

in dr Les) No punk

i

ste plugged into

Py

ment was it Na

qualities of drought tolerance and year- round greenness. The testing of new grass introductions under the growing condi- tions of Southern California will be car- ried on; however, such testing will be ac-

lawn care

From time to time we hope to inform our readers of the further progress in our work on home grasses for this area.

BIRD NOTES W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM The varied habitats at se ig se — “hou

it attractive to —e ir e-to- house”’ census has bee ade i = Mahone m. The widely tattered Tecels of 1953, which I give here, were made from incidental observa- tions. This list ee e fairly complete, and it may not. Pied-billed Ne pvt gr Ret oa female which came the fall of ’52 and, in 53, ated with a “tame” Mallard. —Red- bellied awk, Sparrow Hawk, Valley Quail, Ring necked Pheasant, i i

Coot,

Ww

Flicker, pee Guoaies “Flycatche r—anes‘ed

bird-house which bai use had u caries, — Black s : ee “aa Titm

Bush- tit, Slender- billed Nuthate House Wren

Bie ar -win bird, Black-headed —— Blue Gr h edges - little pond from ae 11 to July 9,—Hou Finch, merican a Sparrow * *

"Not to have so much as a bowing acquaint-

ance with the birds that bai in our g

slugs ; our walks along the Season and through the ls ems to be, at least, a breach of eti

uette toward some baie neighbors. NELTJE BLANCHAN

pear

To dower a scrap of sunset with a voice:

E. FAWCETT

74 LASCA LEAVES

PERENNIALS WILL GROW IN CALIFORNIA

MILDRED Davis

MANY PEOPLE who like flowers and gar

can simplify garden

well as provide ilecuiia accents of line and color Bc ut the year, and for many succes- Siv

The defini

ition of ‘‘perennial,” Webster is

“unceasin

_according to

oa oy beauty with age. fe averag to do as well! e perennials

oe cous—that is, me supp entice during

the winter, but. c ther

Ot ae re aa ney folia age al aed aid

trangers ample, e Li a ae the Nile ‘Aeapanins: ried Lilies pyre ieee llis) ; Shasta Daisy a themum and Delphini

hardy enough to forage for themselves in com- petition with tree or shrub, for proper nourish- ment. Encroaching roots of the ba sail nd ae are often greedy and far-reac To achieve the best effect in See or = wer-

bed planting, the area must be long enough and wide enough for groups of the same ee be repeated ; citeaiak I have seen char less than tw ong.

and width provide room for variou ne spreads of the plants themselves, allowing

each its own sphere and accent. The he oe plants are best pie at the back of a bed o

b to be viewed from only one side, ote pl grading down in heieht to

eronic the high m -like g h of Aster frikarti; or the airiness of aria “Cannon J. Went’ and of Thalictrum; the stiff fan shape of Moraea iene : ale and : , and color harmony ust as important in the creating of a well-

eral groups, each grou ving a different pur : bold, overreaching ones may be used in large public areas; alpine or rock garden types

arden alls, planted in the larger number fall ‘tried and true,” usable in

ie

are particularly useful in a

eae well-drained soil; nto a group of the ‘

the ae Lage meres but needing to be or shade as apie and

space per- € aver-

ffor shout ‘eat to thirty feet in os th and f width, which demavely limits the

height, and t Pa are ; which disappear sapeeeed in winter so that see of winter uals may be ch

Bs the

i he will sow seed in July t summer's flowering, or tip cuttings, OF root cuttings. Planting from s own nu , or a commercial ery, takes lace

in the spring to best advantage, not later than earliest summer, ar as pere con- cerned. The plants should be set iste an anticipating adequate growing room yet allot” ing ei: n F ee ates be visible when the

d ature growt staking 15

spent flow is all sieeans If the flower sales ee cut no further

Peiesticg

AUTUMN 1953 7?

Similar treatment ma

no om will appear. and Canterbury Bells

ven oe Phlox Tea biennials). Irrigation - the perennial bed is favored in water-so a enough te pall over wate wand o i od a Be there is never of the ieee or ee Pore wet and see aeriee with this apron - . often

need to be sprayed for c arious pests such as snails, leaf oppets, Genius white fly, aphis, red de rips; one 1-

iod of years the following have proved cit ct rece in various situations as

n Subje

Achillea salpbaram: ait ‘oliage: flat flower heads of sulphur-yellow; summer-flowering; spreads; good ce ower Ceratostigma wilmottianum (Plumbago): airy sania foliage ; one of the few true blue

no ae tones; long bloomer; summer-

ing.

0 fall ee Fr rigeron rants (Santa coop Daisy) : low edging g plant or ground cover; small white

— with pink-to rat eee, af each petal or ray; almost continual blo Gaillardia “Sun God:”

on yellow; prolific flowering; but needs water, is Ne ot drought-re- sistant ; good for cut flowers: summer- c fall- floweri Geranium {Cranes-bill type]: aigied —— eer fern- like foliage; self-sow = gro a

8” ; summer to fallflo : nie mere -bloom-

ing ; rte ahd bie ip favorites of the writer Hunneman a lovely yellow poppy; needs 800 ae good for cutting; spring- an fall-bl mi

aint “yellow se wers; narro

n Nee (Feverfew): ecg type; = nad oliage white flowers like

a California nativ ve; centenoh: 18” high; spring- to Ph ng

~Jso ste gia (False Dragonshead): ender-magenta flowers, 2/-3’ tall; lates mmer bloom Sires ae grandiflor ora (Balloon Flower):

uds like small balloons open to star- ike

white, spreads;

8 or white flowers; summer- to fall-bloom- ntilla: species offer great variety, varyin

from tiling types ee ny type 3’ tall; flowers fro and y to salmon, rose an “ee wed typical pena wanes flower form; aria to fall. ‘loo ;

Rehmannia: se pith ie or white to cream (scarce) laden: spikes to 3’; summer-bloom-

Salvia farinacea: blue a to 3; bie bloom- t flow

ing through summer; good

Scabiosa columbaria (Pincus i

lavender and orchid-pink flowers ; spreading and to 18” high; good for cutting; spring- to fall- floweri

Sidalcea: somewh

t like miniature hollyhocks those of the coral- white, pink,

with basal leaves pues ire spikes to 3” tall; Statice anbeae Boe eahie lavender to lilac-blue flowers; contin

Stokesia: abate ng giant " betche lor " button; lenge nder flowers; 15” tall; spring to fall blo

Shade Subje

Anchusa italica: large forget -me- — ore flower in deep blue spikes; summer bloo

(dt maller owen than aie and daintier; 18” sin the s prin

ss aig (Colum mbine) : ring-flowering in eae oe full of grace; aye bright green

folia,

pr agatt capitata: Iris-like foliage; sprays of

deep-blue blossoms, small but numerous; sum-

mer-flowering. Cam pws murialts: “blue-bells;” low border

and brown s

flowers, sweetly fragrant like lilac with a apy ro . Digitalis ambigua: a true perennial; 18”; com-

monly sie ss pcre pale yellow how Linum m (Y¥ desis 1a a ae ae “of

mm my experi ence that certain and inlan

hei ful Se ciciation before icing given permanent place in the perennial garden

76 LASCA LEAVES

REFLECTIONS ON A RECENT HORTICULTURAL VISIT TO SOUTH AFRICA

SAMUEL AYRES, JR., M.D., Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

DuriNc the a part of September and O

tober of 1951, my wife and I had the rare i se iis the horticultural and

botanical wonders of South 3 in cia

me again) see even a fair Actin whats of the plants which should have been seen, but ter all, ai el ifference

Through the excellent co- a of our ae agents, Paey. Leo Ltd., Mr. A. Gunn, chief bactagece or "the South Alvan Railways, Mr. L. an

can World A ys, and others, we were able to — many a the leading botanists aa hort

nrg and to see proves, interesting plants and uch beautiful co I particularly appre vo! we the privi ng pe speaking before and

eting the een of the Transvaal Most. oakeeral Soci We were aceboy impressed with ‘Th Wilds,” in nesburg, the extensive plant- ing of Jacarandas in Pretoria, which we saw in m Caledon Wi ower Gardens,

s, Serruis as,

tc ma a m sure there were still many others, includi g some desert areas, which lack of time cbt dh our Vv

The svaal Horticultural bag the Ar- ABE gare pice the Gardens at Ki pe ch and other botanical “and horticul- t groups are performing a most valuable service girs to local residents at © visitors in studying, planting and conserving the wealth of indigenous floral material. On our bes st two

s days in South Africa, we learned AN ae any beau- nd s

int troduc ed into cultiv oar or if so, o t is to be ho ed that these

= “<a is)

and tha exterminated when some

of these areas of

Reprinted from: Park Administration, Official Journal of The institut bad = - Administra- tion, South Afri January,

1953, pp. 23-25 ser hn

limited habitat are opened to >a and the

a ve ae ences of settlem also to be bp ped that cacouragement i be give e more extensive planting of both indigenous and tic flowering trees a hrubs, in preference to pine d other n ing or less showy speci retoria is a thrilling example of the use of pet oom trees y bea cbs CS and its fame has spread ing if man y street parkways or highways are a taae with Sok enue Caloden-

native species. They “sl

be of consi aun interest to visitors. The climate of Southern California resembles very much that o otk Africa, especia ly the have so-call

pe Province. We ha ranean type of climate, with cool, moist winters ry, Warm summers, wi he exception s

meee ically no rain for the war There is — ai frost near the coast, ‘bel a

ay drop to colder areas =

rs n the “‘average’’ are an grow ye Becalypras ficifolia, Buin Aedes:

Poinsettias, Lagerstroemia in Erythrinas, etc., Hibiscus Bpwgacepiiita a some of the more tropical plants will grow well in favoured locations an tely well in verage’’ locations, but ma frozen back about every eight or ten years by a stiff pee

oe regia fPoiasiana) anes be grown h

outh African plants have been intro-

riod of

in San tree mi a is shout fifteen years old and approxi: mately twenty feet high which has withstood 4

AUTUMN 1953 77

Bh eight inches of

temperature of about 25° ea o have a tree about

here i ieee in ark w y eve wonders why there are not more of them! ne or Podalyria

een Virgillia calypirata i in California, sities they may have Sa

not seriously h found Proteas and Leucosp ms temperamental, al- thoug have several established plants of Protea susannae cta, cospermum nutans, Catherinae, L. Muirii and several others in the family a Auoea sed are to grow a number of species et Erythrina or “‘cora or ut t uch con ion regarding their classification, and I foun considerable contradiction am cal au- thorities in So Af e in Californi identify Erythrina caffra a ing long flowers Oo

oer trees growing in California er nas td of E. constantiana. Some identified i as 2. caffra, but €

est London, but were faable to pepe = Bares

annuals. lifornica

flowers, we heen 7 yoda is a shrub with

white anemone-like flow and there are a ber of pes of "Gocusbas, which i ging in col

white Ehretia hottentotica. Romney.

large white poppy-li drom rigida, OF bs POPPY: imulus in several species are a othe i shrubs from ae re s subject

m s te och aegerien oan to about 26 harm; also a ape flowered fragrant species, Thevctia nereifo sh seta from South iio ca, o> a large x'y or seventy fee large pink pieeets. lke blossoms; will ni Si slight frost but a ah

e Stowardii (yellow), E. nema (re te vert ‘B: sapere (red bud, yel-

a op new dwarf shrub Acacias (A. 4 A, obliqua, A. trineura, A. prey hoes A.

a). Rees sited ere brushes, both peniggne se in various sizes and colour:

Go taigg? aatade ere violet.

or owering

neeatie aie etre is Manly, deciduows

sp rer : white plume-like ers. mber of Australian “representatives of ae nksias, and n Cal liforni ia,

(res, pink yellow

"tee wih

Miers such as Grevillea ea

mbothrium peony “Chilean flame chap ar San Paceice and is just being tried o site area. Brachyc biton (Srerenliay a and B. discolor (red pink flowers ne, from Aastialia:: are both nce s

Calliandra Guildingii or "Trinidad flame bush’’ is doo eral C. inaequilatera has larger, rose-coloured flowers and will stand

temperatures poe to about 27°.

78 LASCA

Prostanthera (various species), from Aus-

re anager erty is now ne enumerate man Aen desirable plants, but to do so would alicia require a

LEAVES

sing, I would like to express again our

any f our brief visit and for the wealth o plant material which we were able to collect in the form of

— to help beautify the California landscape. we can oi eae in any way, it will give us Sota to do

A COUNTRY DIARY

Westmoreland, August 14. Growing in a heap of road rubble among a tangle of scrub and weeds not far

Its golden aimee a sere frilled, and the rough,

re. The tender youn

sapling, as many af you will have guessed, is a Dawn Redwood, the legendary tree which the scientists said had been extinct

one growing in a sacred grove on the bank of a river with an un-

pronounceable name. Tiny shoots from h

w (and probably browsed

ag ae the Lake District and cuttings have been taken in a greenhouse in the heart of the National Park. The _— tree I saw has been grown from one of these cuttings and in a plantation leas thad twenty miles from here there is an experi- mental half-acre of them. Botanists have known of the Dawn Redwood for many years, for its lovely leaves have been pre- served in fossilised form d rocks throughout aeons of time. Now they — know the colour of those leaves, but they can a guess how high the tree, which a was thought to be extinct long before history began, will grow A. H. G. From Manchester Guardian, Aug. 20, 1953

EDITOR’S COMMENTS The figurative and much maligned spinach has its figurative parallels. Statistical a a

ports may be one

have left such behind, an

wo sips Be Yuccas from ee by

oorn ; uncdah, by John M. Tucker

Only ma

mittees should hereafter be sent to Dr. Verdoorn, Waltham 54, Mass.,

x Xk The International Biohistorical Commission, of the International Union of Biologi- io

of them; but they, too, build good fibres into constructive proj

and are necessary at Dated times. The winter issue of Lasca he will, however, —

ill offer among other papers the follow

Botanical Gardens and Arboretums of the Pas erd

ea t and Their Reconstruction, by Frans — Wm. Hertrich; Francesco

eee

“Be still, my heart, these great trees are praye

BINDRANATH TAGORE, Stray Birds

eep down inthe — ¥

AUTUMN 1953 79

NAMES, NOTES, AND NEWS

Cactus and Succulent Society of America, Inc. Fifth Biennial Convention: ian ucc

) the retum groun need Rage to the Society, Su ae afternoon, sly is a:

Los oe eaew Dame of Arboreta and Botani Effective July 1 ngele ard oO

621 ih pera

ive charge and ys ance of oe Angele State and Coun retum. This department, subject to the s aan aco of the Conny Board of Supervisors, is e€ managem d control of a rm Me of the Board of Trustees of California Arboretum Foundation, Inc., en appo s the Board of eee vai the ne ie ea = Ar- boreta an : ens. ris

lag i“ M pita, im) +2 3 co a p> oF ° a§ ° a

hi s for the p e of conducting special horticultural, patitients researc mi an other educational i ea at the Arbore

the Arbor - dur radi eleraee by E

es € company of Sweet A

= ive Madre Band whieh furnis hed | musi

roughout the “open sngaall hours. *

"GF thy at il from the Arbore K

ers program eminates um: on Wednesday night, Au- m

Bust 12th TL ous “Ci ity at Night’’ was Presented over oo 5, from the Paes Atos vicinity © en Anne Cottage on the oretum grounds. Thcas the cation as-

sistance ce of various committees at work on the

tbo ublic eet for this widely viewed and popular television fea “Before

Your Eyes’: a pre- filmed and poicg , fe

Arboretum’s Founda spoke of the work don of the Historical eanitice in its restora- tion program

Pa Historical pitas

tee of Califor

on: a — Log tl

pecanioage of th gh arden ottage is under way, as well as the of the bese itself in aushentic petion furniture.

John Francis Donglas Neuen — of the sed away Novembe

29, 1952, (Lasca veo Winter 1952-53 ] III, No. 1) ng tribute has been estab- lished by the many friends of Mr. las by eddorcie, ro known as the John Francis uglas morial Fund of the Cali-

Mem fornia Arboretum, bse eae Inc

Tu ai ied ge ged i programs to be held 1953, a Auditorium Hortt- ei ate Building, U i

Pp Calif., Berkeley 4, or He Aue les

COVER PICTURE

ragraria chiloensts or Sand Stra awberry has

: re €

and cites ticle

Flowering Native California has for ‘aden e good adopted childr ren, this plant

later fact allows it to be mentio e company of exotics which ra the major rao of the flora on the Nitsa grounds.

80 LASCA ‘1 BOOK REVIEWS a Aud gee , The ee Bushland. 1950 ae. on the p of Australia

in ut gives a “descriptive account - te flora of that

con ae s, W. D., Australian Rain-Forest Tre 1951. A AEROS: pon well illustrated en

photographs.

Anderson, R. oe The Trees of New South Wales. ed. 2. . A well illustrated semi- technical ane

ao r, E. J. H., Wayside Trees of Malaya.

1952. A gaa mee ge includ- tee troduced trees, with technical ppc Well ceed wih line draw-

Art of Botanical Ilus- An historical account of

ratio botanical illustration from antiquity to the esent.

Woman’s Club of Havana, Nplatinec foie Plants from ye n Gardens. ee pepe rain in English and Spani g the conspicuo cg plants in obs Illustrated with lin ne dra

es, er argaret E. and H. F. Clark, Indoor Haas and Gardens. The Architectural Press ndon. 1952. A non-technical account of the servi ation of indoor plants and their uses in

nterior decorat

ay Yearbook on of aceon 1. by

i

Op 2 color plates bis Pr Office ea or obese Washington, 25, 52, yone interested in and workin ng with plant terial can scarcely afford ‘ ignore the factor of insects. epart ae of Agriculture

of ¢ sects, an sheati them pe poe to the health of gran life. A comprehensive reference work.

Flowering Trees and Harriet Pertchik. Rinehart oe Inc., 1951. Introduction by Will 0 peers paintings. 125 oo

of t ‘he Cari ibbean—Bernard

Company, m C. White. Hic Glossary.

escriptive nig be pore om the atio ha nigriaged the

The es to become acquainted intelligently with bigs of the Carib- nd ere, and great

suiemuias to the imagination Siler Tropical Trees—1953 catalogue of Edwin A. Menn eeaet Stuart, Fla. 60 pp. Illus.

t exotic flowering trees a c

vided by o ur own Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr.,

EAVES

nd COMMENTS

‘oa: of the Arboretum Board of Trustees. It called a supplement to the 1947 Men- Rivest rmaisioe: pee it is sia will ag collectors’ items among plantsmen of the

tu flow ee ieee Eaihnaeast s envy will know no bounds.

Period Flower Peele by Margaret Fair-

ba Sark ot M. Barrows and Company, Inc., w ¥

This se ioe on the abundant source

materials available from every famou s period f decorative style, draws on ever ie form, and is profusely and richly hair t is not

f floral traditions and

studious recor

dies Be ees

= g

groun domestic interiors. The author has tried, wher- ever possible, sho flowers in vases im a living env ent he domestic settings thus suggested are e most part those of elegance and position. Poets may be s tisfied with what they can get of beauty and universal

ing from one flo one cranny, a

p eep symbolis

arrangement has in this volu a llance, grace and invention on whic

“The informed and cultivated a should to

be able to move from period to period without confusi manner or pein

example, the dull mistake of over-

the serious distinctions between the Chines

the Japanese, or, if g in the eighteenth- century moods, must know the proper d nces in feeling and empha

French, English Georgian and Americ

and ent in its mate ame concerns for taste and skill that pertain 19 all art, the discarding of mistakes, the ope for rightness. Like any other art it can enriche odern ideas and use. ive human delight, human solace, to add to human d a special kin

en us art Marcus predicts bie it a

HILDEGARDE FLANNER, Altadena, Calif.

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

PROSBOHE ice di hag ak es eC a SAMUEL AYRES, JR. V b-PROSGORE cs ota hel ts bese poe er ee Mrs. Harry J. BAUER V eG+PredeRh ic ccnp oes Coo ee ROBERT CASAMAJOR FVCHUTEE og CRC T Gi ea Howarp A. MILLER

MANCHESTER Boppy WILLIAM HERTRICH

RALPH D. CorNELL CHARLES S. JONES

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN JOHN C. MACFARLAND

Mrs. THOMAS FLEMING SAMUEL B. MOSHER

JOHN ANSON ForpD Mrs. WILLIAM D, SHEARER

Frits W. WENT

HONORARY TRUSTEES

Mrs. J. E. HARTON FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Roy F, WILcox

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF

BASSB LET Sere eo a eee aces ve nee Director GORGE Hi SPALDING 0) US. Ge ote Superintendent Louie BD. MARTE hts sas Sexes ee ev cons Plant Physiologist WW, SQUIB ok See oe ea ee ia ve Propagator } TOMAS MOG AB Gas ois cock awa ee es Plant Recorder DEWEY BE. NELSON. os 66s Pe As oak ve ee Historical Curator THELMA;G, BianCnepn oo ore ae ee, ecretary JaNer Welt Ss ooh a Research and Library (part time) MEMBERSHIPS Annual Associate PACU ONEEIE ies oe 5-65 a oder $ 5.00 Annual IMECIISEHEIID Ss os ek ses 6 hn hiss wee ees ne 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership. (soso 3) ie es eres 25.00 Annual Sustaining Memnernid, .. ain cence days ee Sa ce 100.00 Annual Sponsor Memberwhip...;. : <6. 05020 c 0-0. ae 3 i 250.00 Life Membetshpy (0 « cca es wis fs Pea ios nae ¢ 500.00 Botruders oj5 5 oot ue, vote ens eee ns Se $1,000.00 or more Benetacteig i a ea see. 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. ADDRESS

Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

Operaten By CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FouNDATION, INC.

< aa Z me e) Sa a ml < -)

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

ARCADIA

BOT.

WRI

JAN13 {054

ARDEN UBS

WINTERI954 Vol. 1V; NO.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1954

cn a ee ee ee re Seren Gere aren a nara FRED W. ROEWEKAMP HE PONIES FOR G cir ee oe hewn ee es VERNON T. STOUTEMYER PAO 6a va es eat eRe be we Sha GEORGE H. SPALDING PUMP ee a nes ike awe Fikes oe ee Fe KENNETH BISHOP Mee eas! y Seeeae tog a pr aeg ae ie eL ar areee RONALD B. TOWNSEND

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C. EVERETT MANCHESTER BopDDy EARLE E, HUMPHRIES HowarRD BODGER MILDRED E. MATHIAS PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND

RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. McNEIL ROBERT CASAMA JOR - MANFRED MEYBERG Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HuGH Evans Roy F, WILcox MEMBERSHIPS PEE ORI ae oo as de eee kW we ae C48 $ 5.00 year RSE OE le cc cd ths a ee 5.00 year Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year RUN MNES TACHIMEs 6 oe 5c veins ee he a saa een’ 25.00 year NIRA PAOD 5 9g os ok awk Re co ees 50.00 year CSU MACNN, one lv env ese aes beeen 50.00 year Be Ral i as Wiha kun ona ke aee 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class.

MEETINGS: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building, 18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

a

as SEL SCR ES othe

ee ee I eT ee eee

_— oe

WINTER 1954

Lasca Leaves

VoL. IV JANUARY, 1954 No. 1

CAN Dah

Vranvesco: Francesc <7 72 ia, sane oy er er John M. Tucker Bromeliads for the Southern California Garden. .... Victoria Padilla Two Interesting Yuccas from Mexico........... William Hertrich Gardening with Woody Plants................. V. T. Stoutemyer Hardy Tropicals for the Sun............. Philip Edward Chandler “The Robin’': verse coc 770 3 es Emily Dickinson Growing NOISE), 03.5556. OW ees George H. Spalding Notes for the Horticulturist. 305 iss sun cae esd Mildred Mathias Achoretom:. Atthorshitec. int ce oe Ny wae uy ss a cares ves

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants

Mildred Mathias 20 Odontospermum sericeuM......0.0c eect ane ee aes Alfred Hottes 21 Bird Notes ie. 6s no ee ee W. Dan Quattlebaum 22 " Shhrashieyswerte, : See ee Earle Wilson Baker 22 Calendar oc a eee ee ye eee vine 22 Editor's. Notee 5.05 ee oe a ee 22 Names; Notes aad News. cae: oss ee os er ee 23 Gower Pictare ko a ee bes 23 Books, Reviews atid Commentss ci. asc. - soos capes 24

ILLUS TEATIONS

Dr. Branceson Pracescar ay oa ea a ek 2 Dr. Franceschi’s residence ol) See Ree On ne eee area 5 Aechmea cross: Ae. calyculata x miniala... 0.60. c eee nes 8 Tilland sia MBI FOU F.C ES Gea U Gs Wels Goat Hesse Megs Se RO 10 N CGa Walther ak Wes ee sw Lt 42 M ROCA ANA SOc a ee cid acca pela eRe os 13 PRUVG: Dicey cee esses 19 Odontospermum sericeum: scratchboard sketch................. 21

LASGA LEAVES

THIS pape | isa Ast aout of the life and work of t stands out above all others in the biseaiy ¢ i Baraades | in southern California—Dr, Em aneels: Orazio Fenzi, known to his pans ates in this a r. Francesco Pees ss Pty iy unity s akpees ay appr ee ad lowing ns s jf bel assistance they h given me: to

emb of the f ae for fo ces years, to Mr. Peter Riedel and f utterfield, for much of the information containe d in the following

ie Ns Mr. Butterfield, Miss Annetta Carter, a Be nsselaer, for the loan of hotcultaral enatois ues and journa!s-—sources of much valuable data; to Dr. ason, for placin t a collection of Fran- ceschi’s business correspond (a fund of in- formation of wh I have scarcely scratched the surface), and oward S. Reed, for guiding € n preparing this paper Particularly informative also, were the follow- ; ticles: “Una ria dell’orticoltura italiana. I! Dott. Emanuele Orazio Fenzi,

: ari lvino—(L'Argricoltura Coloniale, 22 he edhe a r. Fen Contribu ns to erican Horticulture,” F Pepedes Cour Hered. 13: 215-220. 1922.) Emanuele Orazio Fenzi was born March 12, 843, in Florence, Italy. His grandfather was a very wealthy banker me that city and a senator, an nN ager dominating personality. enzi family we tr arts and

Thus, sd ound of young Fenzi was one of cultore — with, its tenant pbies tage arly youth he los fas pair took it upon ea e hie. bien, —— ed. The grandfather, seeing ng c of affairs

wed w hin branceily independent, xy able to indelae his tastes as he chose in ones that followed. At his consitty place

WINTER 1954 3

FRANCESCO FRANCESCHI JOHN M.

TUCKER

near Florence, he ca an arboretum of rare trees, and on the estate of a relative near Rome, he assembled a lacxe collection of slants from countries all over the world. He was the first to

introduce Bamboos to Italy; Gen si mono- erma was her of Page He did considerable

work i ent of grape and olive culture in A aly ee paca ntly cone baie perked ral and botanical atcls, not only to Italian periodicals, but to the .

lish journal, “The dener’ Chie as well. Fenzi travelled a great deal, and at ime or another visited all the principal botani- cal gardens of Europe. In May, 1874, he se

as pice ave International Agricultural Exno orence and edited its catalogue. Shorty hea he became the first secretary of th uscan Society of Horticulture, an gato oe which he was later ae sident.

His activities in later years were not confined

to the fields 2 pesiggeoaas a re and ook de grandfather died, he t ook

in addi.

t (0) dur ring the econ

with 1 to iguidat Mpeg PA icearniad owned, so that, finally, he and his family were left with

only a v alt Fraction of their once large fortune. Because of his losses, he was no longer hampered by a multitude of business matters, d saw a chance to put his interest in plants to work. His ambition to gather together n one area plants f countries all around : eci t to s ali-

ed surname, his bank failure follow h to America, ; ‘ din i cea family amp Franceschi. h n California, was known to all Francesco Franceschi. arvey, the elder Mr. Sturtevant, = one horticulturists and nursery- m He remained there a year, however, 0 ore he gone to Hg Nas ‘where he entered into partnership with C. F. Eaton in raising nursery stock. After a short time, the

4 LASCA

partnership was dissolved and ae eee

a nursery business of his own, calling h organizat oa sae big thern California Ree matizing Assoc

tai s he wrote to amor

native talian, a lish, Fr sig sak and modern and ancient He- bre

Ye his aac was far from being confined

xotics. He was ever on the lookout for any peasiers of the aati flora that might aa eden ah ees eh — Indeed, in

vember, 1894, having been in Santa. fathers a bars a year, rth ma oie a week’ : bea to Santa Island, the ag _ the Santa Barbara

of several diff rent oe whi e at that time unknow the horticultural trade most notewor f these was

the — oO versity ea California pa Berkel

He en in Santa ise only a year,

hen, 1895, he sabe a small book en- bn “Santa Barbara Exotic Flora.’

n

udes n the region,

ns the pee gtd trees of ft town, Casi a edulis, the it Sapote, and Prunus Capuli, the Capulin Cherry, both natives of secon poypic! volume gives an apparently com

s, and the breadth of his botanical ceanak.

David I gs iy in his recent book, World Was My Garden,” phage near at San of Francesc words: “Santa: Burbac was a sie? sre of the beautiful

coul “tin visualize the bare, sparsely settled ane where I drov h Dr. Santa Barbara was so undeveloped that I con-

LEAVES

ae be visionary and over-optimistic. However, he foresaw the future more clear ii ae ‘ind E nn to see Santa Barbara become

resort containing hundreds ol sky a Sila: like those the Riviera.” Fairchild, that time with the United States Bureau of Plant In dustry, was impresse with

the work oe segs was doing, and_ had numerous plant introductions of the Bureau sent es im hols time to time for in Santa Barbar

In - - ‘Franceschi pes red forty acres Of land o Ridge, at that time a dry, bar- rent hillside ‘entirely “outside the bounds of the city. e built Hoven: which he live d until ie pe Santa Foetus lace f “Montari He esta blished another nursery here, and, order to a

supply, built a small re servoir the hill. A cunt ence leaves one e impression th h was

ancial success during : n

gating house bu — wed.

k e d the 4

5, everses, made —

1 eman s oe rarities, financial disaster inevita 4 It is not psig chal re, that upon fe- ceiving an o eggs Italian government ‘iol frican colony of to i

duction gr €

so bl i f Tripoli. Thu : li sim ery: in nd e city 0 esta - men iy, Peg tees. sone long ng z sn

ath Sack. at 72, was setting 0

Dr. Francheschi’s residence

several same

held retired to

| sn venture. He

fre this post for ars, and then

carry on the

third Me

| th

was aw ¢ Memorial Medal by the council f the Ameri- in Genetic Association, Th a medal pre- nted | riodically to persons who have accom apes Outstanding work j introducing plant American horticulture. The medal was sent *s a in 19 by the governor, Count Mp1 +} Franche schi continued his literary activity to ‘" €nd of his life, contributing articles on agri- ultur in Tripoli to the Italian journal » Agricoltura Coloniale.”’ He died in T ipoli on Nover nber 5, 192 it the ige O 81. Fran

schi's oldest d aughter r has cz chet on his work

in bp at nd today maintain as successful there. She a ly hied, in ae ids : intere in tl botanica I, con

pete ee epee robably the ope : é accomplishment . air two in Tri- nf ‘s has been th en rtation and ie gation Nees, numbers of eucaly yptus trees of various PCCIES

HORTICULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS

D crs uring the years that he lived in Santa Bar-

the «io al ne eschi wrote numerous articles fot but Bai, , and was a regular contri Dis al. ( al journals as ‘Pacific Garden” and

omaiae He did much toward de-

today

appreciation O f the beauty - bjs:

value of the large nun ot

ind tropical and eee al tia’

g£10Nn. His

“own in the re

fruits that co 1

re ition spread Huuahoat horticultus al circ in this — ind ry botanist o1 i teatnan who visited Santa Barbara, was cet in to pay him a pee his collection o rare plants. The esteem in okies his judgment and opinions were held is shown by the fre- quency with which he is quoted in the liter ture of tropical and subtropical plant

A 1g the multitude of new hats that he Pron ‘to the gardens of Santa Barb tl following are some best suited to the cli the A number of bis have attained th soe irity they deset seg gh some, none the less fine orname ake re still rather rare Acacia obliq Bocconia frutescens Acacia seaatiiiel folia Buddleia madagascar Aglaia odorata iensis

a topabienre ythrina Eugenia edulis Feijoa Se

Heohinia grandiflora Bauhinia tomentosa Bauhinia varie; Benthamia fragifera

gata Ficus alt Ficus infectoria

6 LASCA

Ficus retusa Pittosporum hetero- roe monosper

Harpephyllum cafrum oie tot taa rhombifol- Hibiscus heterophy

Jasminum Simplicio Pitospertin viridiflo- um rum

Li pe aor oun um Lithraea Gill, Rhy ai ange go mnus ‘eve Schinus terchinthifolius

splenfoliuschoti latifo Metrosideros tomento- Elia iaindse = esa discolor Myo wees rum ee ee, littoral Myoporum tomentosumTaxodium t pip an prnnens

eciosa uke pueenurh muri- Eo tanec depen- catum dens

Vitis capensis

Of all ale new re 5 bee introduced, none has bec ie better kno than hie repens. Its an ey is pro ni rbly due in large

part to the subliGe given it by Franceschi, but

Se i<) =A oa 5

-_

Be

€ acres planted with Li rizona, ye ico = ogee: and it all came out of that sma In Sia to on paso a statement, H. N. Moldenke, an authority on the Verbenaceae, i ation of May 26, 1941, mment: “

ted State Zz c plants introduced = California ‘yy ‘rancesch, but my be- lief that most of those of southern | California (at least all that a ave seen so far e de- scendants of the ones he introduced.” cure new

rom su as Joseph Burtt-Davy, W iden of Aswalie Charles Spr arvey Monroe Hall, Mi ndegee,

S. Bra identification of sp cimens which

, 1908, to ‘GS rcklé - San

a sta Rica, ian b ted. W Wercklé s the discoverer of Hidalgoa Werckeleii, the “Climbin ng Dahlia,’ which Franceschi had in-

troduced at Santa Barbara. Having had dif-

LEAVES

ficulty in bringing it to flower, we find h

this letter, requesting information oes its :

mode of sro wth and matic requirements — ro n who, logical ne would know most —

res t such apie s—its carvan This thor- oughness was typi ical of Franceschi.

A good example > his eure and de- —

ing the introduction of a —

of Taxodium —

res

‘ee ction in effec desirable species, mucronatum, the ‘ ceschi had often seen the tree in t

arden at a planted by Ten botanist who ribed the pees

eauty had made a last ting a In

1908, after ten years of failure, his patience was rewarded, Through his friend, Professor C. Conzatti of Oaxaca, obtained, from th Federal Pla at Chapultepec, Mexico, seeds whic uch to his gratification, germinated succesfully Today, fine trees grown rom these seeds may 4 seen in the parks and

gar a stl of Santa Barbar The culture of tropical and subtropical table ; se ie a su . ect Sp special interest to Fr

ce ied on m

ee a - this porte with m E

States Bureau of Plan ba oe ero and horticul- | : Pop

Pineapple cena”

7 % ~. S) =)

in satitiei n Cali Pas sh peers sequence in this fie Ida. 4 owever, were the Finis nt articles he wrote for — 4 new ers and_ horticultural journals. His @ ook, “Frutti Tropicali e Sem opicali, probs 4 ably embodies the findings of a long years OF — experience his fi 5 ork o oe 260 pages, contains numerous istration, an

of

’ one 0

eo he giv uch m

English translation of this book from eal a ition to the literature ©

S = a

that Franceschi grew during his stay in Barbara has not yet been fully worked ©

ong the reamed papers in the collec- pon

Am tion of his bus

er of ae

this was d ppears to have been pre- ge isc the exercise of v much care, an eS, J nee tsi as to the

nfor eae of ee trial intrctct ew y pla introduc-

als, and later, in the price lists of the

arioso Nur h ints out the plants ‘ht

he claims re first y him in the

horticultural trade in this country. The pace

: num ese—species, varieties, and hort

cultural forms—mentioned in his catalogues an ait

1896 to 1914 (see bibliog- ly 900.

hese claims however, cannot all be ac- cepted at their face value. There are occasional a i hav

: wh ies th introduced (‘‘plants ‘pla sein by us in = ‘ n be

f his introductions, but, according t utterfield thi Im offered a St

sary before their extent can

e allowances for these er-

WINTER 1954 7

No evaluation of Dr. Franceschi’s contribu- tions to horticulture in this country would be i of the 1

complete without onsideratio n- fluence of his personality on those of his con- ice aang he came in conta is

with w ealth of osetia] a pe gained from years of travel, observation, uple

nd practical work, coupled with his untirin interest in plan a constant source inspiration to plan ers wherever he wen The plants he alee ds : tand as living re- an

city park, named in hi or, “fends chi Park.” BIBLIOGRAPHY ollowing list, although not complete, probably contains a substantial part of the literary work of

Franceschi. Bamboos. Gard. Chron. Ser. 2, 6: 773-774. 1876. Bamboos in California. Pac. Gard. July, August,

September, 1908. Bauhinias. Pac. Gard. November, 1908

Behavior of alien plants at Santa Barbara. Ann. Rep. Breeder’s Assoc. 6. Colletia cruciata. rd. Chron. Ser. 25 93:243, fiz.

Dasylirion oe oe Soc, Tosc. Ort. Bull. 15: 112- 1 Erythea armata. Gard. Chron. Ser .3, 20: 424, fig. 74.

Gard. Chron. Ser. 3, 13:

22: Eugenias tor California. Rural Californian. ituphorbie. preggo at Saget: Barbara, California. rd. Chron. Ser. 3, 124, fig. 35. 1897. Fifteen years pane tr a ets uthern California. Pac.

Hag ard. oem 1908, January, February, Hincinice, el a ear aE longifolium. Soc. Tosc. Ort. Bull. 1883.

Frutti eal i Aud itropicali, Instituto Agricolo Coloniale Italiano, Florence. 1915 Introductions fro = oF stralasia. oo Gard. “Apa 1909. eo art of g as a Domenica delle Palme. aa 116-121, fig. Lay 1 Le ier de I'il de Guadalupe. Rev. Hort. 297-299, New and little known trees suitable for southern Cali- = nia a Pomona Coll. Journ. Econ. Bot. : No. December, 1911. ows on har ae bamboos. Gard. Chron. 1228-1229. 1872; ids 2: 316-318. 1872; (Ueber die harteren ara yas. Hamburg Gart. Blu- S

1872). Orr, Ball 7275-275.

ra. presente e futuro della olivicultura in Tripoli- - ce L’Agricoltura Coloniale. 19: 201-204. October,

Pienoaat. 1908. Soc. Tosc. Ort. Bull.

Gard. eave a 5) ssaatinas Wendl. 16-118, fig. 1. 1876. Progietit di frutticuleara - hs pa nel 1923-24. ‘Agricoltura Coloniale. 309-313. 1924. Santa Barbara exotic park: So Barbar ra. 1895. South Asia acclimatized in southern Cali-

Trees from fornia. Forester, 4: 76-77, 129-130. 1898. — = semitropic es for southern “or peace roo a i 1907, January ,1908 ig San arbar Yucca anasto Bish Soc, “Tos.” Ore. Ball: “11: - 18 Yucca filifers. Chabaud. Soc. Tosc. Ort. Bull. 14: 278- 280, pl. 9. 1889.

LOGU General descriptive catalogue. May, 1996, no. 4.

General catalogue. May, 1897,

8 LASCA LEAVES

General catalogue. Easter, 1900, no. 6G. EDITOR'S NO Condensed a ue and price list. 1908. Reprint of an igs: published in Madrono, Vol. Montarioso Nu , descriptive price list. November, VII, No. 1, January 1943; and reprinted as a biog- 1910, no. raphical sketch with ‘‘minor changes and s addition Handbook and price lise. 1911. of several photographs’ in Leaflets, Vol. I, No. 3, of Montarioso Nursery, descriptive price list. March, the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, eke 1945. 1¢ no. 3. Photographs in Lasca Leaves are being used through Supplementary price list of the Montarioso Nursery. the ki reiag of Dr. Katherine ~ Muller, Director of 914. the Garden. Copies of the issue of Leaflets containing Department of Botany, this sketc : are Giailable tenn the cs of Santa University of Cz i “a reams Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, Calif. Price

May, 41.

BROMELIADS FOR THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA GARDEN

VICTORIA PADILLA

are now beginning to find many varieties which will thrive outside despite the often unfavorable weather conditions.

The outstanding outdoor planting of bromeliads in the West is that at the Hunt- ington Botanical Gardens. Here are fea-

ured the xerophytic types of bromeliads— a which dwell in the sun and can with- stand months of drought. These Dyckias, Hechtias, Puyas, and Bromelias during the spring and summer months add great beauty to the garden with their colorful spikes of various sizes and shapes in red, yellow, orange, blue, and green. With the exception of the Dyckias, most of these bromeliads are too large for the average home garden, but where one has room, on a dry sunny bank or in a cactus collection, they will add a definitely dramatic touch.

The smaller Dyckias can successfully be grown in among succulents or in a well- drained rocker D. rariflora, D. remot lora, and D. Seauitedia which all form clusters of small rosettes of leaves, | yellow or orange flowers on spikes of one to two feet in height.

Special mention should be made of Puya Berteroniana, known in the er trade as Puya alpestris, a stunning ple ant FOR THE GARDENER always avid in his with its three-foot stalk of metallic green search for interesting plant materials, the ish-blue flowers. Clumps of this Puya fascinating bromeliad or pineapple family never reach the size of others of its g offers many tempting species with which and it can easily be kept under control, to experiment. As bromeliads are indigen- There is a dwarf v ariety, and it is ho ous to the American tropics, where for the shat commercial growers will attempt to most part they are epiphytic in habit, they propagate it, as it will be a definite con- rave been considered chiefly as indoor tribution to the smaller er plants, but Southern California gardeners Visitors to the U. C. L. A. Botanical

—

Aechmea Cross: Ae. calyculata x yoo Glossy maroon 1 le aves, vivid red brac

%

WINTER 1954 9

Gardens last summer were overwhelmed with the magnificent display of Bromelia balansae in flower. These bromeliads, hav- ing the appearance of large pineapple plants, are useful as mountainside plants,

: Brot melia balansae in bloom is a sight long to remember. When about to flower the

many small but beautiful maroon and white flowers and flaming red spears which are the inflorescence bracts. Defi- nitely, Bromelia balansae is a plant to stop traffic,

The variegated form of this Bromelia is extremely handsome. The green and white variegation on the spiny pineapple-like leaves has a flush of pink at all times. As it Is not quite so robust a grower as the plain-leaved variety, it can be used to sreater extent in the average-sized garden.

will endure a drop in the temperature to twenty-five degrees. For the most part these bromeliads all prefer a little protec- tion, filtered light, and a loose, porous a To bring out the full beauty of their caf coloring and markings, one should

hever plant them in intense shade. Pr bea is familiar with the ubiquitous a ber gia nutans, which can become a

whiteness of the spike combining with the green and blue flowers to give a most unusual effect.

Another favorite Billbergia is the one known as Mead Hybri rom soft green leaves droops its large pink bract, through which emerge the blue and green flowers. The popularity of this variety is due not only to the luxuriance of its growth and the beauty of its bloom, but to its ever- blooming qualities and the length of time the bract stays in color. B. thysoidea and its numerous hybrids are among the most colorful of the tribe, the brilliant red flow- ers being produced in erect clusters above stiff, broad foliage.

There are many uses in the garden for Billbergias, besides relegating them to dark corners where nothing else will grow. Plant as an accent note by a pool the tall d B. Elvenia Slosson with its

ners of the rockery a B. vittata or B. Saun- dersii, always gay with bizarre markings. Wrap a bit of moss around B. Mead Hybrid or B. Euphemiae and let them droop from a crotch in a tree. Plant the red leaved B. amoena as a bright note among a planting of ferns, and use B. porteana in with tropicals where a bold effect is desired.

Although Aechmeas are usually thought of as plants for indoor culture, there are a number which will do well in the open garden. They are generally preferred to Billbergias because of the great length of time they stay in bloom. Generally speak- ing, the heavier textured and more rigid the leaves, the better the Aechmea will withstand the rigors of the out-of-doors. Aechmea caudata variegata, with its three- foot leaves informally striped with cream and green, is the most handsome of the robust varieties. It will grow in the dark- est doorway as well as tolerate considerable sunlight. It is especially attractive when in

oom, the erect inflorescence forming a pyramidal panicle of beautiful orange- yellow flowers, which is in color for many months. This Aechmea makes an excellent accent plant—always gay yet always digni- fied and neat.

Aechmea bracteata is another hardy va-

10 LASCA

LEAVES

Tillandsia dasyliriifolia growing on Royal Poinciana Tree,

with leaves up to three feet and stalk of brilliant red growing to six feet thrives in full sun and can be used effectively in clumps in the sunny border or in the lawn. It will stand a few degrees of frost. Aechmea distichantha is another of this group, having rosettes of stiff, glaucous green foliage resembling a small C entury Plant. The six-inch inflores- cence of dark violet t emanating from red- dish bracts remains in color for a con- siderable time

riety flower

There are many of the smaller Aechmeas which can be used as border plants, as rockery subjects, in small clusters.

or as specimens growing Plants recommended for this ere are with stiff dark g reen leaves and ; . brill int

spike c of red and elie: A. fasciata, grey leaves softly banded with white and 2 pink and blue flower head; A. calvculata, with bright green foliage and bright yellow flowers; A. coelistis,

NHALICAUL fin flower with

with

cone of

1, Mexico.

Michiocan

stiff leaves and a flower head ol blue; and A. fulgens discolor, with its purple and green leaves and startling berry head of red.

For unusual leaf mottling, the bromeliad known as gel passed. It requires plenty of light and aif to attain its full beauty anc siderable cold. A smallish plant, with its green leaves heavily blotched with violet ideal for rock gardens. effective 1s

green

aa = oe 2 ae) w ra © ~

carmine, it 1s Equally as hardy and

regelia spectabilis, the ‘‘finger- nail plant, ia its soft grey-green leaves tip ped with

those gardeners who like to grow Pill: indsia offers not take kindly to much frost, many V arie- ties are growing out of doors here in the South. As they cling to the topmost branches of trees in their native habitat, they desire much light and air and little if

ts

WINTER 1954 11

any soil. Their thin, soft grey leaves are covered with peltate scales, though which they absorb their necessary moisture and nutriment. What roots they have are mere- ly for anchorage purposes.

Tillandsia fasciculata, fourteen inches in height with a flower pike of twenty inches, is an imposing plant which is being grown successfully out of doors here in sheltere sections. Its inflorescence of brilliant red bracts supporting deep purple flowers is extremely colorful. Other Tillandsias which have survived mild frosts are the interest- ing ball-shaped T. exserta from northern

blushes when it is rea oom, T. utriculata from Florida and T. tenuifolia. It is very likely that there are many

Mexico, the tiny pretty T. zonantha, which dy b

However, members of the Bromeliad fam- ily are being used more and more in land- scape design, and it probably will not be long before they are accepted as good garden subjects for the Southland.

TWO INTERESTING YUCCAS FROM MEXICO

WILLIAM HERTRICH

INCLUDED in the xerophyte collection of the Huntington Botanical Gardens, San Marino, California, about 120 Yucca plants are growing, embracing some 30 Species, and as many more varieties. Most of these are indigenous to southwestern United States, some along the southeact- ern coastal states, and others from south of the border in Mexico.

Practically all Yuccas adapt themselves very readily to climatic conditions prevail- ing in southern California. The species range in size from the 24” Y.

la

which attains tree-size proportions—1.e. 40 ft. or more in height, with proportion- ate top.

Most Yuccas respond to the same cul- tural treatment that successfully develops other plants. ;

“ontact with the ground and to take root at ice: of contact. This curious habit has en particularly manifest in one speci- ray of Y. valida in the Huntington Gar- €s which in 1925 was planted as a small Plant in its present location. Prior to 1925, the area in these gardens

5

Yucca valida, close-up of flowering stalk.

where the Yuccas are now growing was a large reservoir used for storing water for irrigation purposes. Subdivision of adja- cent land for homesites made the reservoir obsolete; it was filled in with soil and be- came the foundation of what is now part of the cactus garden. The top soil used was

ideal as a medium for good plant growth, and as a matter of fact proved too rich for certain plants placed there, as was the case with this one Y. valida. It put on more than ordinary growth for such a plant in a given time, and after being es- tablished for a few years in its new loca- tion, formed several trunks, the first of which produced its first flower spikes in 1935. Blooming each successive year in increased number of blooms, it produced in July and August of this year, 1953, 39 inflorescences ranging in size from 15” to 20” in height, on stems up to 14” tall. Through the years, the stem terminals, after the blooming period, have branched and re-branched, forming multiple heads in time which have become increasingly large and heavy to the point mentioned above—of bending the trunk slowly to form an arch and ultimately bending far enough to make contact with the ground. At these points of contact roots have formed, establishing new plants severed from the parent plants.

Yucca valida showing wide arching of trunk and uprigh

He ate YP Klean ~

t terminals.

One especially interesting factor con-

nected with the arching of these stems 1s the breaking of new terminals on the upper side of the arched trunk. This fea- ture has been noted on only one other species—Y. australis: it occurs in exactly the same manner except that the species australis did not bend far enough to make with the ground. The two species, valida and é similar in some aspects of appearance ¢ well as growth; Y. valida, powers ow tall as

the contact

1S

shorter leaves, does not grow as Y. australis, and bears its inflorescences 10 upright position, while Y. australts pre; duces leaves 18” to 24” long, forms trunks that are heavy, and excessively swollen- appearing bases, besides bearing pendant inflorescences from 3’to 6’ long.

Of the 39 flower spikes produc ed ont large specimen of Y. valida this year, were produced on terminals of self-layeree stems, of which 5 are rooted and 3 not yet rooted. The total number of terminals ° all sizes was 190. The approximate spreae

he 18

WINTER 1954 13

of the plant, east to west, this summer of 1953, was 37 ft.; approximate spread north to south, 45 ft.

The two species of Yucca under considera- tion here are both in- digenous to Mexico; however, Y. valida is found in Lower Califor- nia and_ northeastern Mexico but Y. amstralz

y in northeastern Mexico. Both species are commendable as orna- mental plants of a bold nature, and will do well in almost any locality in southern California in- cluding the warm dry interior valleys.

ay

Two photographs, habitat anc close-up, showing the pendulous Mature of the inflorescence of Yucca australis, contrasted with the upright inflorescence of Yucca valida, (cf. photograph, p. 11) In the Huntington Gardens, from certain vantage point the pend- ant flowering species is a tall ac- cent behind the sprawling, wide-

arching Y. valida.

LASCA LEAVES

GARDENING WITH WOODY PLANTS

V. T. STOUTEMEYER

Department of Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture University of California, Los Angeles, Californ

ARDENING with woody plants is the ideal

a aoe _on time and

cussion is an pro Late planti

mpt to evalu a poet ROI of this type o

i ike aelicaabty in the usual landscape plan, foe are often by far the most ee. ele- nt. The fhathes of selection, maintenance, and Seavtiile thus b ith e

the use of Lom uy poplars and deod aa bina) - oes ay s. These are both love- ns ie all too often com-

ood s sg destroy erie era

men proportion and in- jure greatly the ap

pearance a = apparent Tony w

was completely destroyed. The stage an oe ca changed at once into a penn different miniature world.

ac of the greatest ae in our planting is

for small or moderate sized trees which will hold their form and ihe or a periods of tim ise in of fines

things, which usually are s ore ex- pensive, because el take more é ie ie the nurseryman to produc

Trees and shrubs in addition is ney ~~ ave equally important dim spread or the width which ‘sai attal aa in a os - tain period of time is interesting that ca

of

ing of street of the metropolitan areas in the vicinity a: i Angeles. In some cases, every

prov frie nd of mine in landscape baie once had the cn gee of completing a lar After was com ided to put-

ing Pl chase one aditiona lant a the entire planting — All of t plants were then interplanted — o the great dismay |

in “eh er lanting ‘plan to

of the landscape archit Crowding of ae ak all beauty of — natural form hia ome of the ill effects can —

= overcome by pruning, in many instances s this is insufficient to overcome the ‘paige in the original plan

any years ago the

Chicago became famous for its window lays the decorator in charge was reputed to re- ceive a fabulous salary. W son once re- arked t that his was a sinecure in merely placing a few thing window each week, he replied that he was being paid mainly to keep of his windows the things which other

eae were putting in their displays.

sore will always reveal Beas tte sur few 7 items of high quality merchandise well spaced to i a attention to the important features. Compare the effe ith the cluttered store indows i s where

rf t

same princi We believe ak justified in using smaller min

ime number o tim

without ap serious destruction of the tota ote

n close proximity to structures, —

atten- eee should be given to safety. Som of the

pan tree could be removed with actual im-_ ment.

eee eee

job. an bi hag t nt decided that the |

an rue ise spacing of —

firm of ‘Mecshall oe, in

of the ©

tal

f ;

: a ci

WINTER 1954 15

eucalypts, acacias, so aso | ae others, have notoriously weak wood w can easily be broken in storms. We hav with large blue gums anaes nearby. Some trees blow over easily if the soil is rather shal-

low with a hardpan layer. There is another condi ig ca which might well S ssed at considerable length and t he

bound container plants. Such cluster of crooked tightly pressed roots which tend to strangle themselves form a — root system which is apt to ig ia a tre ich can easily be blown over by t win

ly in an English garden journal, a landscape architect stated that there was def- nitely uch i

unrooted of life in this z ty and he concluded with the observation that often repente ried gardening believe that there is a legitimate place for the quick growing trees shrubs of ch there oe many w can be used in ern Cali- ornia. H it is regrettable that many fi ei

‘ : pips Likewise, it is so slow grow that Monat a is impractical and it is rare

me talios must be considered from all

Ry by the nurseryman. After all, this z ly what he is merchandizing. The salesman ea as to answer the qu sey “How S plant w?’ very legitima : e

W moved in a landsc the needed ook ch of f distnctio a sal ae thet € could sing the ee ises ie slow

growing

bi eee for their many valuable quanti- ve ut there is a seule need for plants bi “ pen rapidly and make a quick Ome of these plants unfortunately are

weak and brittle or are ee, foal

Ms but this is not ne rily alway With the reg ean in bold pea effects in plantings, ther a tendency to ne-

glect the opportunities offered by with very ene oe A ;

colors an nt Some of these very refined t ‘aang " foliage glues are unusu- ally well suited for use in small confined areas.

The popularity of various types of plants tends

o in cycles and it is difficult to predict fu- ture trends. Camellias are at a pea pop larity, and o the availabilit n

not decline. Palms,

succulents, especially very large specimens 0

the latter, are coming back into favor, since

seem to fit in with present architectural ends.

"Chey ver eating is the key to the use of plan in striking new ways. A few illustrations a be given. Cais Payne the Chinese evergreen elm is typically a flat- headed spreading Rayer: tree. By very severe pruning, allowin few — scaffold branches with greatly ned out foliage to remain, a very u may be produced. Care must be wena the long beautiful mayten tree, Maytenus boaria may ral handled similarly.

As sia preokae one might mention

ae

Ina this compe then corresponds to a saaltiple ‘thanked tre t also ahi the freedom of the

must species from ts disease in choosing plants. Where the attention of a essional gardener is given regularly, there mig some point to planting things which require care in this respect. H r,ina ny he necessary care to ected at the critical time. There is little sense in plant- i ch as Montere ess in South- a Iya do for it will begi ie about the gins to become pis om ractive. "The pie live -_ is a a = eal wire is : — btful proposi vily red n

dation, "it is Sie heavily ‘ack by ce certain insects and diseases i

Ofte ew ieee: n a mi bean fist “will aalt it in a great — more salidactaa and less expense to the ow

a eophrastus was ...a botanist in pe uit of plan knowledge fo for its own sake. is surroun by thousands ry ars, before a after him of superstitious jungles he and his

century are an intellectual clea Green Laurels—DONALD Piet PEATTIE

LASCA’ LEAVES

HARDY TROPICALS FOR THE SUN

PHILIP EpWARD CHANDLER

PopuLar demand for oe gece look in con- temporary planting see ave increased

or | protection to afford considerable shade, ar pa one in areas seldom visited by biting fro

But mate ieve an hag aed bold effect, the landsc oe geen arn the habits and limitations of the seer or semi- eed

ic as use, th

ave the har

and shapes they a thrive oe cancion Yotei ign

habits. cause a the

- ° ay

to be da

a few m o rather well with the onal available, even a the vagaries of a not-v tropical climat

ae accenting, or ev hading

ete. oll perfectly cold- hatte, Welicset te an me amount of sun and consider able sha de, remai

bygmaea, or the silver clumping grass, Festuca a gla

Along with palms, or in poe . a height and line cain ue in the tropical man nothing is hardier to sun and cold than rape 8 Aus- tralis, mistakenly known in the ‘bee as Dracena

indivis (the true D. indivisa has 6” wide

€ most arr s the

of deep red bronze, or its seedling variant with

pe SS gray-bronze leaves suggesting the —

pati on pewter. Then there are the true

ve ccas, Yucca recut comune

with widish dro ooping gray-gre

many-headed rosettes, thei tuk pos pene a entosa 1S > similes

ae)

u or | oh Tree, Yucca brevifolia, is nd sun-loving but unsuccessful in the coastal region. And Yucca Whipplei, the Lord's Candle, is for d lantings only. Yucca alo ie on ie ee hand is suitable and adapt- e to — ropic al planting ee the

A ate flax Fp oe aa 0 pee rscens being t and most available. For color it 1s unseea ty)

~ a ae = S pp wn [ay 5 a

t pea -red.

feet), S§ bs tno b sey Goddess (6’), Iphonse Karr’ (10’, with canes, ie ep yellow mature striped | euse) : are all outstanding and all available. he

8

unrelated is the so-called Heavenly Bam ; Nandina domestica, — is not ga at “ but serves well in almost any ilemma, an the particular interest of b the winter, lovely fern-like leaves turning aed

ropurpurea, 7-10 5 ODER; O tern Fiala surprisingly effective contra ‘tropicals’; Acokanthera ¥ cla

e a) the

sun and cold nights, (ag plant "raapable i: ae prong from four to ten feet

ven espaliere

pee ee ee ml

WINTER 1954 17

For actually goes an area abe int tropical moti FBasijoa foliosa and rather slow-growing er rellas

spiny fern- like eaves, easy 0 of culture but einen on good drainage; Chirantho- onkey Ha id tree,

branches, versation-piece blossoms of ark red, cup-shaped, out of the center of care protrudes a _ hand-like formation of

Mexican tree dries into seed pods which suggest the Hawaiian w e; Eriobotrya japonica, the common , effective as a smal medium tree, espaliered, or as a great shrub, too common to be appreciated i te of i nificent furrowed leaves, intere ting blossoms, and decorative edible fr nd S macro bhylla he Moreton i ast-growing magnificent tree—to ost plantings, m

t s Ph stolons Pra

aboy z €-ground roots a natural, in free-form

design.

Leafy fillers, 4’-12’, which may be depended

e throughout m

white and reddish A

urk’s Cap, a green ieive. and scarlet hibiscus like "hie so the ever-adaptable handsome Melianthus major

whose swirls of gray-green paattie and deepcut foliage pile up and spill so 3 adectively out of over-size sunny raed plantings, island redwood tubs, and is particularly effective in scaceniesti with Acokanthera and bronze Phor- mium, even picking up that red-bronze quality with its n maroon i e

One the ~ s - large scale wh

ere its

n be well o os of contact, is the e nest hay pat plant Agave Reser ana glau

more co by use = Meilescanen:, me

other subtropical regions yr here. And a half-

ext ike Ole s of pale beige to ivory to inkish

tie gale subjects for line value include

t e mn ove sin asig or

and Black well tilled ‘ea ine: lightly mulched with leafmold.

THE ROBIN “The Robin is the one That speechless from her nest

Subm

its that home e certainty

And sanctity are bes

EMILY DICKINSON

18 LASCA LEAVES

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H.

It is our poameee to follow up original com- on ne i

alue because

ieee to ye

amount of rainfall, mi and temperatures we ong ill see why it often takes a long period of time, a years, to evaluat 0 plant ly.

ences in wine ti Acacia steedm ( a Leaves, Vol. II, 2. p. 29) merits an 7 ational note we think worth record his time of y

very ‘is pains The

ink coloring of the Branches is time of y

also especially sonceble at this

| Dede viscosa purpurea (Vol. III,

No.1, 6) ¢ nues to warrant our

tained in a population. We have learned during the past year that this plant will not agen too

NOTES FOR THE

SPAULDING

much water. rei field oe that were e flourished, as died. The

seed pods did not p as showy as re- ports had led us to Bie pide but pa do have a curious interest of their own.

ombeya dregeana Ae lf, No. 1, pag is ere n full bloo ehis year the flowers are visible fr me ‘= stance. The foliage is ot as rae as last year Ny pe ay account for the ac showiness of the

Pale peruviana, a newcomer

posse square feet, a carp Its hardiness is sill curred 3 since ring

c appears to be at its best on t dry hls where the cl is s decomposed aaa and t watering very ¢

HORTICULTURIST

MILDRED MATHIAS

odern horticultural treatments of gar orites are always welcome additions to our libraries. The fo ollowing new ke oks in this cate- may be mentioned: ais John E., The ae of the Geranium.

184 London. 1951. An up-to-date com- slants ee — of a perennially popular plant. Chapters on culture, diseases and pests, etc. Rep aa on cael light trials. Complete lists and brief “ ai a of species and va- rieties. Several color pla

Macself, A. J, pe Fae Garden and Green- house. Preis London, m book on a lo ong-n egle ree subject. hapters on

hardy uly clea aes fern and di

of ers. de-

scriptions of species and varieties in cultivation.

M . C., Carnations - hae (s and we

a lana be

, Propagation, pests and diseases, pe Pred maintenance. A glossary

of 136 pages ry ee = ee and pid it notes on each. Several color es. A series of popular books on trees rua Collingwood, Geo Hi; Trees. wee p. Washington. we of 150 ee with 806 illustrations pe trees, fe leaves, ed flow fruit. E ur

scriptions of 140 common es, mative é ntroduced.

Blackburn, Benjamin, Seng and eget in eastern Nor th America. p. “ 4 1952. chk — aa fae to “the native speci

Graves, Ae shee and Shrubs.

eys, des a both ‘native = si — woody eins tr rt d vines, commonly found in the no “gi

Recommended library miscellany ie Andrews, F. W., The pine Plants of # eo

——-_ ‘se. a = ee. we

ea EE

WINTER 1954

_ ae des Pros Vol, 3)’ 23 1950 952. A Deceiasay treatment of

a ora ne ys eee ar ris es and

descriptions i = species. Man Sip pease Richards, P. The Proc ‘an aes

450 p a te idve 1952: rehensi

p. Ca ecological treatment of an came orea asso- ciation, ~ Katherine. Plant Boivneaee 735 pp ew York. 1953. A complete technical and pei treatment of ite subject of plant my. "Alas Gustav, Der oe Garten. 300 inchen. 1950. ign.

Hee bape Craft. 148 New York 51. Lists of plant ma- terials and their us eri a Pea

sion of the techniques of cor ma M., fais Cae pe sent ly illus-

rs in arrange- a islons—-careges es, bouquets, she and wreaths, and as potted plants and in ails

2 p. : trated eg on the use of flow

woneiepnrate AUTHORSHIP

Ww. n Quattlebaum, member of the edi- torial besa = Lasca Leaves, and ue con-

tributor to column Bird N pies. with the collaboration 6a Edith B, ara ebau pub- lished a n-page paper titled Ad» pe ee ak Sancioan Saas Owls, The subtitle aptly gives the key to its purport: — siya at our Residence in Pasaden and Mrs. ttle- baum have eS en cbserving bied ni within thei own home precincts, as w adena, pa 1929. This ie igh scrton 0 a one of t e bird families of thei igborhoo

may enjoy further glimps

offices in limited quantity, or from baum directly, 1925 Paloma St.,

Pasaden

The pen and ink sketch of the Agave plant is a reproduction of an original by one of the members of the Arboretum staff, Edward (‘‘Ted’’) Pugh, of the Garden Maintenance Staff. Ted spends some of his leisure postman’s holiday”

fashion—on the en or

young artist’s work in future issues of Lasca Leaves.

20

LASCA LEAVES

INTERNATIONAL CODE OF NOMENCLATURE FOR CULTIVATED PLANTS

MILDRED MATHIAS

need re! a comprehensive set of rules to ing of cultivated plants has aa e initial s

een working nd gr opte Se International Pounical Cha ngress Com mitt or the Nom clature of Cutlivated Plants and the Int

tional Committee on Horticultural Nomencla- ture a eg uatin the Thirteenth Inter national Horticultural Congress, London, Sep- tember, 1952. s are sein 5 at 25¢ a copy from the Secret ay. American Horticultural Council, Inc., Bailey H sir Be i Cornell Uni- versity, Ithaca, ee

It is importan ta ee — and inter- nationally ier: sy of nom eee be available and “the ree this Code is to pro- mote uniformity, accuracy and fixity i os use of names with the minimum disturbance of ex isting cohen The e should be studied in entirety ether in the condensed

the full text. The fo ee are oe of general nips to all plants he much misused nie ariety’ o be those cg of eek oe nown occur in the wild an which have names in 2 Lats rm ‘cultivar’ (abbreviate _ ge is those

reserved for

be distinguished from the tanical name, — rably by enclosing

r given to cultivars before

are not to be el but howd rom Latin

January, be typographically nah a names of botanical varietie

a

#

6. The same Segoe name should not be used twice in the ged Be enu anding under this code unless Saath iniher or oibicially ajo: alid publication and registration are defined e bis A a of rules is given for the naming of hybrids. The fol svelte are examples of correct names for gees plants: Syringa en ‘Mont Blanc’ or Lilac ‘Mont

elegantissima a atropunicea ic botanical va- rie nice hin cultiva Fagus eh atica ‘riversil’ (a ner ee eee

eben ‘Huber t Edelsten’ and not

Blan a orientalis’ us a a

sieberi ‘Edelsten's. ne ose (Hybrid hee ‘Richm Lie m x ‘Shuksa or pti (Bellingham Hybrids) ‘Shuksa This Code can only ach ore adequately supported and widely adopted. ‘The bre ao nd introducers of ne eee are urged thei wn interest, to give names which are in accordance with the Code. Seeds- nd sine iri should try to bring their

ties should refuse ios register n “or i ; a

see ee Scauiording the wns pe of procedure they will lars to ome’

nown and appreciate ode can modified a a ae if cnet trial reveals ai need for chan

ates Ee ese recommendati es iain ng he tea of ae oe

follow

journals Lasca Leaves will in the future the provisions of the Co

*

ream of peace on ges is appli ut no

the mind of the architect when ee hae ne ‘he theater of the world, nor of the director when he cast the paves for their several roles e€

original plan that pooniigaee history shall un nfold

with turmoil has

the Sojourn eee only of also t ee ee eath them

1s Antobiograph y of Earth—

gui over whic

rough the ages con plan ats and animals, but

any sig Cage h pie pag- ,

nilict or rithed

ODGDON BRADLEY

Fe a

WINTER 1954 21

SCRATCHBOARD SKETCH BY ALFRED HOTTES

sericeum

O-don-to-sper’-mum, (tooth plus seed). Compositae fam. (e.g. daisy, sunflower)

the Canary Cowseye, Odontospermum ‘ericeum, comes from the Canary Islands and was introduced to England in 1779 so to California culture by Hugh Evans. iti plants grow about 2 feet tall and are _“'¥ compact. The silky-hairy leaves give 3 whitish appearance. POsite though oo are clustered. They are oblong ty coe and apple-scented when crushed.

1€ golden yellow daisies are solitary, 2

to 3 inches in diameter. The ray florets are 3-toothed at the tip. The plants are always in bloom when weather permits. Uses. This is definitely a shrub for well- drained slopes and the semi-wild spot, but inasmuch as it has gray foliage it is always desirable for the gray garde Culture. Odontospermum does not want too much water but a warm, sunny well- drained spot. Prune back frequently to keep the plants in good form and to ex- tend the blooming season. It tolerates a temperature of 28 degrees.

— ~

LASCA

BIRD NOTES W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM

Many — gue fall mg Poses over at the ae retu e for so, others for a week or m wie this “fall of 1953

were numerous Ro his s, Bluebirds and Coots, a pair of Cinnamon Teale, a Shove Ducks, a Green-winged our

Sata Dis, a Kingisher ey an pare ican

The came in a number of —_ and Mr. Fawcett ped me that he saw it come in one particular day but the Crows were so hostile it

ook i and asn't seen it since

rro Ru ned ’s Purple Finch, fone Thrush sid Red- breasted Sapsucker THRUSHE

“Through Tanglewood the thrushes trip,

As brown as any clo

But in their spotted throats are hung

The vesper-bells of God

And I know little secret truths

And hidden things of goo

Since I have heard the thrushes sing

At dusk, in Tanglewood.’

EARLE WILSON BAKER * * * Southern meade tet ge Flower and Garden Show, Broo Pasadena, February 26 through Mar ie se i ae Flower Show, April 29 through May doorn’ : —— “Botanical Gar- dens and A ie BOP fen al aes Reconstruction” wi will appear in the Spring issue es.

of Lasca L

on

LEAVES

CALEND apa iced mellia Society: meets

a Ave., and Villa St mellia flower exhibit at 7:30 p.m.; meeting call mn order, 8 EpaD

Southern Califor meets the thi Recreation Building, sth. and m “oa Hes - exhibit, 7:30 p.m.; meeting call to order

nia Hort ine Institute: mon

* Bulb Society: meets the “ioe Friday 7 the month _ Michillinda Women’ mi So. Rose- ead Blvd., Fasatiene: 7: a on Cymbidium Soe meets the _ aoe q the month at I.0.0.F. Temple, Robles, aa mE 30 ae

Orchid Hobbyists: San "Gabriel unit, persse the 3rd Thursday, at Michillinda Women’s Club, 736 So. Rosemead Blvd., Pasadena; 8 pi

* * *

Hine ie Show: March 13-21, 1954. , Not ial News column for de-

\ailed 4 announce emen * a

Norte: Pi column is desi ok kee

2 ; a Leaves’ sts es such Sigantattons wish to submit for ao

Arcadia, Calif.) not later than the 1st of De- mber, March, June and September to meet the ~ quarterly press dates

and to preg m iety name, meeting dates, : ike Clubs are en the groups Bese to make use of this co |

EDITOR’S NOTES

Readers of Lasca Leaves have been pleasantly introduced in Volume III to its Ornithological Editor, W. Dan Quattlebaum, not only through t ecti ad

little treatise strikes the chosen keynote of the editor's comments in this issue; like the small gr y

ed . being wise and tolerant, sosesped the principle that one should not sp ealees he can improve on silence.’

e column, Bird Notes, but also in salute to

germane remark on

WINTER 1954 23

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

The annual meeting of the Southern Cali- fornia Turf Conference was held on October 12 953 the 13

members inspected the turf s a

Arboretum These plot — are primarily ra or

om n development and offer tears: ma = Sitter €s . some of the same ae nee golf courses ne ouble recrea-

areas ree ani cle of conrlatve arate

these test plots be tents ed in Lasea Vol. LIE SINO: 3p: under the oer “Soil Condi tioning with icriium Ge s B. Mar

The California Internationa Flower Show

will be held at Hollywo er Inglewoo -

California, fon March | ist ugh March 2 Ww

wi tit hav an Plants

gain this oe Mes

_ he readers Lasca Leaves are provided vie a Snes list of The International Flow Show's 1954 renee on Educational Exhibits as ‘alia be sini Dr. Mildred E. Mathias, Dept. of Botany, Plant bona od Bldg., Univ. of Calif. at nase Angeles, oy Angeles 24. Dr. Edwin oe, W. Pierce School of ae Canoga Par Mr. ae A. Beutel, County Farm Advisor, 808

pring St., Los Ang Me Philip A. Chandon Deni . bola Path- ology, Univ. of Calif. Angeles, eteran Ave., Los Angel Mr eRoy Chitwood, ier Keeline- Wilcox ries, Box 278, llo.

Hone PB 436, pig of Calif.

Matthews, os pei Board of Education, 451 No. Hill St., Los Angeles

Mr. Alfred reaps bi s Ange

Dr. Russell = Seibert, Director, Los Angeles

State and County Arboretum, Box 688 - ia.

Mr. Charles Wenger, Supervisor, Landscape Maintenance, Los Angeles reds hai 1425 So. San Pedro St., Los Ang

*k *

ard §. Bo en Ltd. "Ri Monte,

10136 National Blvd.,

Site Exec.-Secy. of Bodger Ss, Calif., recently was

es

: of wie nae to Mr. Chitwood for ores

4 name, Lasca Leaves, Vol. III, No.

arded a citation of merit by the American

occ casion

locally prominent rs ape

iS cgacaaggend iss to Her Pe t C. Swim, out-

ing southern Cali aio rose hybridizer, came in at bestowal of triple awards again this yea ose

for seedling Mojave, the All

a piel f 1954 was giv his own

country, and added to that was an award from

t oncours des Roses Nouvelles, Bagatelle Ga aris, ee nce ne

des R land. Swiss Canal General Dr. Walter Schmid

ade the presentation of the Geneva Cup an Gold Medal Cert French Consul General Raoul Bertrand presented the Bagatelle Gold Medal Award. The occasion presen- tation was a luncheon in the si ng les Room f the Statler Hotel, Los Ang cembe 8th, attended by a large group a peo — orticulturists dry Armstrong, Execut Vv res t o Asien Nurseries, On. tario, Calif., introduced Mr. im as their Director of Research, ose competent work now been twice ie ge ized by these coveted wards rarely pres together to one indi- Sa

of esteem, a age s also presented to Mr. Swim r. i f erg O : Come mpany, Los Angeles, on behal Mr. Swim’s many friends and associates. COVER PICTUR

As a fitting frame for the view of the Sierra

ioe mountain mg in the Backsround, nen h

ing north from the Arbor

Arca, sero senattoh Nut Le Pera

Benth.) arches the foregr nad An errant

branch, it prometorm serves the purpose of

beauty in its setting. This Sycamore tree as it aa

t Lasca ae in its dwarf form, Vol. I, No. 3, April, 1

24 LASCA

BOOK REVIEWS AND COMMENTS

Hollies: H. Harold Hume. The aoe Co; New Yo rk, 1953. 242 pp. $6.7

H s a book for which many once, managers of estate ae and just plain garden

a waiting. Heads of referent ce depa ae

and pamph - o Gon: together in one very r any d Dea

Provost an lege at Agriculture of the : sabre Feeds,

sii Dr.

is are author ae many books on gardening and flowers, including “Az si and Camellias,” and “Gardenin ae idee uth.”

“Hollies” not only cade a fi aborkcins guide

for the planter, La envipr nal o ur, but

sap aad or ag e of the

many illustrations: Ee “photographs eval a: n black and white,

pice ee rea He rawings of esate

out a of oo ay Se ee e yerba maté of South Americ is sal yen from ‘wild s Paraguay, Brazil and Argen flower- ing oo sg the decorative holly have “© added value—in t cup or in the so a mes very Fei ae oe J. Howarp ASPER 400 Plants of South Florida—Juli Morton and R. Bruce Ledin. Text House “(Blode ) Inc., 1952. A eit Nature Series Publication. page drawings by Frank D.

Pla ore

’ South Florida’s plants include the more gical and most frequ eine se and speci

ving as a guide fo visitors and residents alike. Bot ic and ive flowering and fruiting plants as well others purely ornamental come under considera- tion. Descriptions embrace 1) commo —_

n 2) ornamental values briefly discussed; 3) ed

LEAVES ble and ge ge peveies kag 4) nee and other ee Tae to plants are hens Attractiv

afi printed on ae ustrations present a splendid

aad a A eiiseor real p — me . Altogether a oivns aadigion ie Lonadical literature.

oe si aed . -- Ma aga a a nd Julia rida) = oral on = ' Tonks Raise Series Publica- 1 115 pp. 55 photographs by the

0

on volume to 400 Plants of South Flonide, ey re-issue (1953) is ceca is il- nat sae icy the mor = a

indigen and fruits of Nassa on inc dently of conth "Florida. ‘Illustrative ‘phote- sein of each fruit are accompanied by history

otes, descriptions and many uses of these fruits as well as ni gees bic of pe them as oe and note to when each 1s in season. mber of ce fruits are ba as

€ grown in bene® Californ Russ vn J. SEIBERT en Soap e neti pesigatig by Mulford— B. Foster and other members of The Bromeliad Society. "Published ty Bi

It 1 the fet "Of i ts Lisa n

or fe Qo. 2)

long felt n bt ne tif as terest in this Ppsaerie n plant fam fam ICTORIA PADILL

= eee

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

PRetAO ois es Pca aa cle ees para SAMUEL AYRES, JR VEMEVGUEON CLUS SOO EE rans Mrs. Harry J. BAUER V UCOPV EME oC Pn oe ee es aR ee ROBERT CASAMAJOR EPCAINP EE ais LG GRD ae Pe ee Howarp A. MILLER

MANCHESTER Boppy JOHN C. MACFARLAND

RALPH D, CORNELL SAMUEL MOSHER

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS

JOHN ANSON Forp HAROLD F. ROACH

J.D. Funk Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER®

WILLIAM HERTRICH HENRY C. Soto

LIONEL Louis HOFFMANN FRANK E. Titus

CHARLES S. JONES Mrs, HERBERT E, WAITE

Frits W. WENT HONORARY TRUSTEES

FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Mrs. WESTON WALKER MANFRED MyYBERG

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF

RUSSELL), SRUBENE fing Vin cae oc eae eos be Rene ee ie ector GBORGE EL. BPAUIING. oc esas ker ieee aes Superintendent LOUIS I, MARGIN one cee seer, Plant Physiologist W OUI BO ee) sav and s Ca pees Foes Propagator J. THOMAS MCGAM ii 5 0 obs eu cao es Plant Recorder DB Wie Ei DANES oe Sn eae ew ees Historical ste "THELMA. G: BEANCHARD oye ek es eee

JANET Watt 2 ie ks Research and Library (part nes

MEMBERSHIPS

Annual Associate DAPIAIOISNG 6 Ai sie ow digs Ch kes ae en $3. 5.00 Pmatigl Mina ss oe ih oe ec es a 10.00 Annual Contributing DRCUIOT SIR 5552 gos ws ep nee 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership... ...........0020ee00e00s 100.00 Annual Sponsar Members isc oe owas soa: 5 Ss 250.00 Life citi ct ane pe enn reeneers ce rer ty ure ew cee 500.00 FOOHGESS 5 ook no ac eect ee $1,000.00 or more eee aro Usickijuea wind sos ue eee eae a ue 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1954

PURER ca tesla tees eer ees FRED W. ROEWEKAMP PTR. 55 ho he eee eS VERNON T. STOUTEMYER SCN cred eae ee cess eos 284 n ES0 CERES GEORGE H. SPALDING MMR ccs ed ag Ee aga kd SL Ue REY SS 6448s KENNETH BISHOP BSPEMUG DOPING ce BV 5 ae FRAC H RONALD B. TOWNSEND

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C. EVERETT MANCHESTER BoODDY EARLE E, HUMPHRIES HowarD BODGER MILDRED E, MATHIAS PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND

RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL ROBERT CASAMAJOR MANFRED MEYBERG Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HUuGH Evans Roy F, WILcox MEMBERSHIPS PMN ORO 5 oie leas A CAD AS $ 5.00 year Css OP CN clon eal wk is Hidde eee ee es 5.00 year Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year Contoibuttng MeQpers; is faassen esse tae esas 25.00 year COmunetciel MG iiss i oo 4s Vetsiiw eee ss ces 50.00 year Seabee: MINE os ogo goa Sede de oa das deo 50.00 year Fite ACG on og ey oes ee ae S 4s use: 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. MEETINGS: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building,

18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

Sede eee

/

2/

@ASPRING 1954 Vol. IV, No.

LASCA LEAVES

The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute and the California Arboretum Foundation, I

5 of “Los ANGELES Sar ‘AND ‘COUNTY ARBORETUM

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER PHILIP A. MUNZ WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Gardens orthern Fie bias Ti rattan: McCLINTOCK Gait Barbara—KATHERINE K, MULLER SE ee eas B. TOWNSEND paid ey 2 GERRY NSS Tesi 1 ap > OR Ie ee ae

C6 8k ee Oe SS 8 S18 8 6 6 6.6 1 HS 88 ee BU

2 2) ORS Oe a RGSS Se be 6 e 6 6 eee Le 6 eee WLS

Chet 6 6.0 Ole Ae ee a See wee 8 ee Se Sh 8

SG SOP Stes ea i ie Re 0 Oe Oh Be ee. we, ale ee we EOS 8 CPE OG OO EP Oe ee Oe ee ee ee ee

FBO OG Oe Oe ae: OE Ae a aR ee ee ee me Oe CR

Taxonomy of Exotics Taxonomy of Natives

F neh an CALIF

/. eS Sie el y Oy

SPRING 1954

Lasca Leaves

Vou. IV APRIL, 1954 No. 2

CONTENTS

Ralph D. Cornell 27 Howard E. Troller

OW tlhtam’ Penn: Piorticaliarist 66 oka a es ie ee Editorial 29

Points of Entry and Their Civic Value........

Botanical Gardens and Arboretums of the Past

and Thee: Reconstrattions..<:205 i sy. eos Frans Verdoorn 30 Commonly Cultivated Species of Fuchsias........ Alfred C. Hottes 36 Legahand: Pinckign WE teen el pet es ea ks Kay Betts 39 The California International Flower Show 1954..... Charles Levitt 41 Teddy Bears and: Bucalyptas... 3..iscu ¢5ie ghee ow Ted Holderness 42 Corer. Pieitee 3 aio cc ea airs dee egg ars 43

Cinnamomum camphora: excerpt from Charles Francis Saunders’

WED SS coi ci pe anc ppune wae etnee ae wee oe A Ok Va GSS 43 Asrowing Nokes often Gia bc Vows cent George H. Spalding 44 Bitd Notes: go ere aie W. Dan Quattlebaum 45 Charles Gilbbe Adan eo cach eres: se ee ee os dae s 45 Dr, Ephraity Haregbenl ic 655505 osu (25444 H.R. Oppenheimer 46 Warnes, Notes die INOW cy we pee ess 46, 47 Malena oo va oe Ow te vee pet eee eek waa 47 Book Reviews and Comtients. cc... G05 os bee neo ens es 48

ILLUSTRATIONS

Court of the Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles:

Landscape FASC 6 IO ee ee oe eek pee oe ws 26 Scratchboard Sketches: Fuchsias, by Alfred C. Hottes.......... 37, 38 Leonhardt Fuchs: oi es ee gees ct eenasate pera ferara ae a a 40

Acacia COPAIOD DNS My PG AOI Sis oo en 8p EN See eee se 44

26 LASCA LEAVES

-@- a

7 is) te) z\2 = ws “ ey} -—| | 932 las = aa “ig ea ~ ai fe a Zw «he 32 Z a oa z 445 ¥ wl F - : q H hg . wa ee Fs aol : 44 y : 2s 4 44 ue 44a cae mY of jug “114g Ojs| oo o .§ 2 z aa al a rie > : a7 FF 4 =) 3 oC UI

sf

PO erie SE RS OT EE PS ANN TT POD ER Ste SREY mh PO a eas TY one Tee ea

Landscape Architect's Drawing for Court of the Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Westwood. Courtesy of Ralph D. Cornell, Landscape Architect.

a Oe Foe ee

ae a

ee Ee ee eee eee ee eS ae

SPRING 1954

POINTS OF ENTRY AND THEIR CIVIC VALUE

RALPH D. CoRNELL AND Howarp E. TROLLER, Landscape Architects

THE First and last impressions that a traveller receives from any community are those gained at the points of entry,—the nerve ganglia of the many routes of travel. These impressions are important and en- during. Good or bad they fix indelible images in the minds of those who pass through the portals of our cities which, in their turn, may serve as the gateway through which peoples of other countries enter our land.

Once inside, the traveller traverses the public highways. He observes the public buildings, parks and parkways and the component parts of the community. The impressions that they create, again, be- come very important in the complex, mo-

saic picture that visitors and citizens, alike,

equally in hard dollar-and-cents economy 0 pices sie values. They should not be

ignored,

ood landscape design

j than is th : C Bis the e single phase of adding plants

: been established

picture after the plan pattern has

All landscape design is three-dimen- sional and involves much more than mak- ing a pretty, two-dimensional drawing on paper. It is deeply influenced by to raphy, land uses to which areas shall be put, soil, drainage, grading, climate, en- vironmental setting, and—cost. Plants, which are a highly important part of the end product in average landscape plan- ning, may be a very small part in the per- centage cost of the work. It all depends upon the type of work and upon whether the problem is one of planting in a more or less decorative sense, or whether it is concerned with the larger aspects of plan- nings that include much more than the selection and placing of plants.

The planning design of public work such as | genie civic centers, public build- ings and such, calls for a more timeless quality than does planning of private work. Public landscaping should be more pleasing after a ant years than it is one year from the time of planting. Time plays a more important part in the design of public spaces than it does in gardens or small, commercial work. And yet the plant materials that are used in any scheme are far from timeless, although some trees will live and thrive for hundreds of years. Architecture, masonry and ground forms can be brought to full completeness the day that work is finished and, barring calamity, will stand more or less indefi- nitely without change. By contrast, the planting of a tree introduces a living, growing element into the composition,— a mass and form that will change with the seasons and with the years. properly placed and cared for it should improve with age and increasingly add to the satis- faction and beauty of the design that was cenceived in the planner’s mind.

Landscape planning of public areas is largely influenced by the functional aspects of circulation, use, community culture and

28 LASCA costs as well as by the considerable masses of buildings and other architectural forms. As the architectural profession largely has shaken off the habit of eclectic design so, too, should the landscape plan eliminate stylized formality, abstract frivolities or naturalistic confusion that lose the real meaning and purpose for its being. Public buildings should not be the background or botanical experimentation.

In many cases of public work the archi- tectural structures dominate the entire pic- ture and thus should generate the mood as well as the motif for the design of the relatively small spaces about them, The landscape pattern should be painted broadly with ground covers and lawns and controlled plant masses. Form should be defined by shrubs, and trees should articu- late space. Mass effects become far more important as emphasis than do individual plant specimens or foliage forms. Proper juxtaposition of masses may achieve inter- est and emphasis. These points are well illustrated by the planting along the Spring Street side of the Federal Building in Los Angeles.

All materials and elements selected for

f

zh many years. truism holds particularly in the choice of plant materials, which shou ardy in situations where used. For the most part they should be long-lived and pve 3 re quire a minimum amount of coddling for proper growth and development. First cost is capitalized, written off, and for- gotten, but maintenance goes on forever. It is important that the cost and nuisance of upkeep do not strangle and kill the s that lays the eggs.’ Plant ma- terials are lamentably dependent upon proper maintenance fo evelop- ment and lasting quality. If materials of quality are to remain just that and are to express intent of the design, they must be properly maintained with a com- prehension and understanding of those things envisioned by the designer If the planting of public areas, chiefly at focal points of community life, is to be

LEAVES

sound, basically and structurally, it may not be considered lightly as embroidery — on a garment or the feather in the hat. It

The artist uses them skillfully, not casu-— ally. _ “But let's have color, lots of it,” sings” the chorus. "The city needs more color. — How true that is! But it is a truism: fraught with countless hazards, for it takes more than just color to create beauty. | Billboards can be very colorful without an aesthetic touch in their entire framework. Color in planting must be handled very” intelligently and wear! : its hi ibiliti ized, since COLOf- possibilities are to be rea : audi

skill as do the many other elements of;

chaos rather than unity. That med again, that color in landscape design u

ae ee ee ee ae

3

la al li Ni te ie? en ol eae

SPRING 1954 29

ally should be a means to the end rather than the end result, itself.

ood. They resolve into the fact that the fee ie planning of public areas involves more than casual

trees and sh nd flowers. As in ci famed “balances of life’ there is to be considered beyond any one

mu ania factor. Only as the intelligence

is comprehending can one hope for the finest results.

The traveller's reaction to visual experi- ences usually is not analytical of reasons why he is pleased, indifferent or actually

that he couldn’t draw a straight line but he surely could tell one when he saw it, we all may not know what makes a land- scape plan either groan or sing. But there are many of us who can recognize the music when it sings.

“WILLIAM PENN. HORTICULTURIST”

“It is not enough to say of any man that h was ee he lived, and he died. The years os tween are those that make or br

eak nation. Frequently a nation has been founded by the genius of ee Soi with William Penn, ot, of course, be

e cou called a nation ee der, i he w was a founder of a gre eat cs on sy North American conti- nent. nces a a tightly packed little book under t rie title, William Penn, Horti- culturist, b achel McMast ee .

m e Ad-

seaman in English history to hold

na rae oe general of the —and illiam Penn, the son, perhaps bes est t known as

a Quaker preacher and writer—less well re-

membered as a city planner and oearaltarist

Kin n land granted to him by Charter from the

hg in 1681, Wi d

f Delaware and planning his he. Streets, he made provision also for “A A " Square or park of 10 srt and four more 0 acres each in the 4 quarters of the city 7 ot ‘for the comfort peg recreation of all

fate r his own family estate grounds fours d to i anor house—the the Ee ur Manor, restored in 1938 by Massie ean Historical and Museum Com- ok 2—surroun with a “heavy wooded

where, as he later wrote, ‘The

Woods are adorned with Lovely Flowers, for

Colour, Greatness, Figure and Variety ... The e

Natural Produce of the Country, of Vegetables is Trees, its, Plants, Flowers. The Trees of most Note are the Black Walnut, Cedar, Cyprus, Chestnut, Poplar, Gumwood, H y, Sassa- frax, Ash, Beech, and Oak of Sorts, as Red, White, and Black; Spanish Chestnut and Sw ost Durable of all: Of All hich, there is Plenty for the Use of Man

Sex 3 n the fact that his carrots — onions were

eo Rds .

for there we see the Cities little else but the Works of Men:

the one makes a apa aap for our Con- templation than he

Little a that Withak: Penn ‘‘stands ord oO

and rm when necessary—tor his : nin all

each decade commemo:

enn’s here when William ase first reached these shores in October of 1

30 LASCA LEAVES

BOTANICAL GARDENS AND ARBORETUMS OF THE PAST AND THEIR RECONSTRUCTION

FRANS VERDOORN

Secretary, International Biohistorical Commission*®

Horti Botanici, quos vulgo Paradisos nuncu- pant, comprehendunt vegetabilia peregrina, ubi aedificia vario caloris gradu fovent etiam fer- venti soli adsvetas. Hi maximo usu se com- mendant; nam praeterquam quod exoticas spec- tare licet, etiam congeneres hic & adfines sistun- ur, ut similitudo & discrepantia facillime ob-

1759)

i servetur (C. LINNAE Instructio Musei.

posts, they belong to the oldest scientific institutions. They often pioneered in the introduction of economic and orna-

tanical and much other biological research, thereby playing an important rdle in the history of biology.

today’s botanical gardens and arboretums well, just as we cannot really understand any subject of pure or applied biology, unless we make ourselves familiar with its development through the ages. To appre- ciate a modern botanical garden and to evaluate its future possibilities we have to

now about its history, about the life and work of those who were concerned with it before our time, about the history and use of the land before the establishment of the garden in question and, last but not least, about the origin and history of the plants grown in the garden.

*Based on an unpublished fi : held before

‘ture the American Association of Park Executives, 6

Boston, Mass., October 5, 1946.

BY All this is not as easy as it sounds, we do not want to collect some odds and ends, some amusing anecdotes; we are scientists, — not antiquarians, and we want to obtain

This was not so difficult fifty years ago, when all in charge of a botanical garden had been to a Latin School and trained in the humaniora. Today, we often have to. make ourselves first acquainted with the method of the history af science and with “historical criticism,” which calls for other methods and techniques than those fol- lowed in biological and horticultural re ~ search, ‘+ -- As I outlined elsewhere, in great de- tail, we will find that there ase seve : ways of approaching the history of a gar das ora a of parcieie or, a period of © gardening or the history of the plants” grown there. The easiest way is the Bible ' graphical Method. We make a search Of

SPRING 1954 31

all published material on the subject we are concerned with and publish this with, or without, annotation, as was done b DENISE in his memoir on the Jardin des Plantes in Paris.

Then we may follow the Biographical Method.—We study our subject through the life of those who played a major part in its development. BAAS BECKING ob- tained very good results with this method in his account of the Leyden Botanic Garden.

The Enumerating Method.—We list all data we are able to find, mostly in chrono- logical order, without deduction, without analysis, without too much philosophy.

he Dogmatic Method is often followed by beginners and historically not well edu- cated colleagues. We gather all data we are able to find and compare the resulting picture with the situation of today, evalu- ating it according to current standards, and forgetting that present conditions will hardly last forever.

The Anecdotical Method.—We sketch

Care as most anecdotes are anything but authentic.

The Comparative Method.—A blend of all techniques, except the dogmatic, best suited to a specific subject. It places its a ae in their own time and leaves them there, studying the part they played in the evolution of botany and horticulture. It — for much research and thought, and

€ method cannot be applied successfully unless bibliographical and enumerative studies have previously been made

Now you will say—this is all very nice

Is it, however, reall i , ; y worth while to dig up - these old data? Will my effort be of real use? The answer is yes, emphati- es.

lly y

In the first place those in charge of botanical gardens will find it useful to em- phasize their history, to preserve their his- torical landmarks, and to show the visitors something of the history and development of botany and horticulture generally. Ex- perience has also shown that these activi- ties, often in codperation with a local his- torical society, attract new collaborators as

as members, and funds which would not have been available otherwise. It will

c members of the staff of any botanic gar- den.

Besides, as we will discuss later, today’s gardens look quite different from those of revious generations. Every large garden, I believe, will find it worth while to in- clude amongst its special gardens one or more reconstructions of gardens of the

they existed, and perhaps still exist, else- where (for the reconstruction of typical foreign gardens, assistance can often be obtained from regional or national so- cieties of citizens of foreign origin).

chain. How shall we know, unless we are geniuses (and geniuses split atoms, they do not work in or near botanical gardens), how the next links have to be molded, unless we are familiar with previous links ?

Let us now go back to our gardens and plants and let us briefly consider the de- velopment of gardens. I do not say the development of botanical gardens for it is often difficult to separate botanical gardens from other gardens. In the 17th century the professors considered only their hort:

32 LASCA

macy, and by training a physician, an his students the plants listed in their Pharmacopoeia. Other plants were some- times mostl

a plants, but rarely wild plants from nearby woods and meadows.

At that same time the more substantial merchants established beautiful gardens where the seeds and bulbs brought home by their captains from faraway countries were given a

than the géardini dei semplici.

Of the early gardens which seem of interest from our point of view, I may mention:

Egyptian Gardens.—These are mostly courtyard gardens which have been sub- divided, in a characteristic way, by little walls or rows o

ad = 0]

rar is) 72)

= o 5 oO 7 3 ° an = p

impressionistic touch. T sunken pool surrounded by decorated pots. Many plans have been published of

D terminis and there one will prefer a Chi- nese or Japanese garden which stands the extreme of the Northern climate so much better

As to other early gardens, I may quote from notes kindly made available to me by Professor D, W. Ponp of Harvard Uni- versity: ‘The Greeks had two types of de- sign: first, the groves and naturalistic areas for their group gatherings and dis- cussions, and second, their private or house gardens which were the type of de- sign copied by the Romans at a later peri- od. act several writers believe, and with considerable evidence, that the Ro- man type of the atrium and peristyle gar-

LEAVES

a Minor. GRIMAL, in his recent Les Jardins

grance, and the purely aesthetic pleasures q to be derived from various kinds of flow- —

COLUMELLA,

nae 2 ne, :

scale reproduction of PLintus's Villa Tusct

has, e.g., recently been made at the Unt- versity of Cambridge, England.

Much is known about the Mediaeval

a. a we, — ek - ae

SPRING 1954 33

Gardens of the Old World. They have been studied in detail by art historians, historians of culture and historians of sci-

low fences, the beds and seats are raised, and not difficult to reconstruct. Plant lists

which excellent plans exist; with their seem the prototype of the later bortus academicus. Castle gardens were larger, Space permitted, often bordering on an orchard, meadow, or fields for games.

Otten exaggerated craftsmanship. A fairly large number ies i

English oe the Elisabethan Garden, is

bal by a characteristic pergola or alustrade. These Elisabethan gardens so

aba of KrrrrepGe, Harvard's great and Piet nage authority of Elisabethan times, “ms not to have been as strong as the

whi : hich ma e, in due course, place for a

block of ‘Harvard Apartments’ showing the fate which befalls a garden that be- came separated from the community it once served.

In this same period Botanical Gardens, in the modern sense o e word, were being established in Italy and other Euro- pean countries. The early botanical gar- dens look very much like simplified Re- naissance gardens, they consist only of our groups of beds which form a simple parterre, on one side there is often a per- gola and in the center a simple fountain,

gardens I like the circular gardens best, as they can be reconstructed in such a de- lightful way.

The Padua Gardens of 1590 were, with great changes, reproduced in the Royal Botanical Society Garden at Regent’s Park and later in various school gardens. I saw them once redrawn, in a French art jour- nal, by a French garden designer—there they looked almost as if made for a CORBUSIER designed estate.

Chinese and Japanese Gardens are es-

istic small buildings and bridges in addi- tion to the planting which is more limited than in most other gardens but not easy. The dwarf trees particularly are hard to grow for our hasty, modern gardeners. At one time Chinese elements were intro- duced in European garden design, this re- sulted in a special style of which we still find remnants in many botanical gardens, including Kew.

ou all know the main periods and styles which the landscape architect dis- tinguishes for the gardens after the Re- naissance:

The French School, so well known from Le Norre’s creations: large parks, boldly designed, with a diversified planting, and large, regular artificial lakes. This style has influenced our botanical gardens little.

The Dutch School, known from the famous merchants’ gardens along the Am-

34 LASCA stel and Vecht rivers. The gardens are smaller than the Fre

with a tiled roof, without glass) and many notable introductions.

The English Landscape Gardens, of which again many types exist, the natural- istic garden designed by PRESTON, Prince PUCKLER and others. These gardens gave us our arboretums in the strict, classic sense of the word, /.¢., botanical gardens which have been landscaped according to naturalistic principles and planted chiefly

ith trees and shrubs.

The larger gardens at this time had winter gardens in large glasshouses, from which our botanical greenhouses and con- servatories are derived.

In the 19th century, with the distribu- tion of wealth over an increasing number of citizens, gardening became popular in Victorian times. The typical Victorian Garden matched a Victorian residence in artificial design, much clipping, bizarre beds, and a generally unquiet effect. This style, as may still be seen in many small university botanical gardens on the Con- tinent, did not fail to influence our botani-

OETHE’S time, some of these gardens may still have a certain charm, the same kind of charm as that of pretty girls, in a musical comedy, dressed as our great grandmothers in their youth (see, e.g., the print of the old Ziirich Garden reproduced in CHRONICA BOTANICA 10, plate 32).

It has been interesting to note that bo- tanical gardens and arboretums never had a style of their own. Of course, they could always be recognized by the great variety of species grown, on the one hand, and the open spaces where nothing was grown on the other, but their design and style has always been adapted from the gardens

LEAVES

of the time, whatever the demands of sci- ence and horticulture may have been.

Minor innovations, whatever their merits, in gardens and gardening generally were quickly adopted by botanical gardens, such as rock, wall, marsh, and rose gar- ens.

Qa,

oe ae

This has been a very sketchy account of the gardens of the past. Contemporary bo- tanical gardens o separate, specialized gardens and, though this may not be an ideal condition from the designer’s point of view, the needs which a modern botanical garden, now often called an arboretum, particularly in North America, has to fill are so manifold that they ask for a composite garden which offers the designer some intriguing prob- lems, problems which were also found and brilliantly met in the design of the larger, diversified, late Renaissance gardens. I be-

lieve that the late Renaissance garden —

offers a better basis for a “modern ar-

R and OLMST 2 proved, to the arboretum in the strict, classic sense of the word.

In certain cases, the reconstruction of specific gardens, which had almost or en- tirely disappeared, has been very success- ful and inspiring. Noteworthy examples

of such reconstructions are the Hortus : Linnaeanus at Uppsala, the Colonial Gar- — ns now being reconstructed, with such

loving care, at Williamsburg, Va., the Hortus Clusianus in the Leyden Garden, and ‘Lucky BALDWIN’s” adobe and gat den on the geles State and County Arboretum.

prints of early medicinal plant gard

which makes their reconstruction fairly

easy. These days, many botanical garded a

rounds of the new Los An- —

SPRING 1954 35

If done properly, a Bible-plant garden should be primarily an ecological or plant geographical reconstruction (for the spe- cies to be grown, the biohistorians’ ad- vice, conflicting as it may be, will of course be essential

Renaissance garden. This is just one of the many problems of historical criticism to which I referred earlier. Much greater difficulties arise from the old planting lists.

Scientific reconstruction demands that

ice English schools, have disappeared. ometimes, they can be bred again but

io in many climates, as shown y our Plate of the Spanish garden at the 1952

er t dens rich possibilities which have hardly been considered, as yet. Early European Farm and American Indian Pel ie, simple as they may be, offer other possi- bilities and tie in with other interests.

The cost of the reconstruction and up- keep of historical gardens is high, often one will need extra funds and will have to interest groups which did not contribute hitherto to one’s garden budget to make them possible.

Recapitulating we may say: (1) it is quite worth while to study the history of r own Botanical Garden and of other gardens of the past, (2) this study will reward us with new and useful ideas about historical landmarks which may be em- phasized and reconstructions which will profit all concerned, and (3) above all, it will give us new ideas about the future of our 0 en, about new relations be- tween the living plants, the herbarium, the books, research, education and extension

°

ork.

A botanical garden or arboretum re- mains one of ew places on earth

ere those engaged in the study and cultivation of humanistic and_ scientific values may meet and should be made to meet. CLIFFORD HARRISON expressed it with better words than I can find:

More than a pleasance is a garden-plot; No playground merely, no sequestered

grove, Gardens have been, since man's primeval ot, The scene of thoughts on which the ages move...

Waltham, Mass., U.S.A. July, 1953.

36 LASCA-LEAVES

COMMONLY CULTIVATED SPECIES OF FUCHSIAS

ALFRED C. HorTTes a

(Few’shi-a, or in Europe pronounced fooks’ i-ab. Named for Leonhard Fuchs, German professor of medicine and botani- cal author, 1501-1565. Family Onagra- ceae, related to Oenothera, Evening-prim-

There are more than eighty species of Fuchsias growing mainly in Central Amer- ica, several in New Zealand, but the usual gardener thinks of Fuchsia hybrida. It is the name to which a multitude of varie- ties have been assigned. They are gener- ally derived from M. magellanica and a larger leaved and larger flowered species F, fulgens, from Mexico. For a discussion of the vast array of varieties and their culture, refer to:

Alfred Stettler, “The Fuchsia Book,’’ American Fuchsia Society.

E. O. Essig, ‘Fachsias,” The National Horticulture Magazine, Jan., 1934.

Philip A. Munz, ‘A Revision of the Genus Fuchsia,’ California Academy of Science, 4th series, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1943. This is the most comprehensive discussion of species.

H. M. Butterfield, “Hints on Growing Fuchsias,”’ a leaflet from University of California, Berkeley.

A to Z on Fuchias,”’ California Fuchsia Society, a very complete list of variety de- scriptions with cultural hints.

SPECIES

ered and some are pot plants because of their small size, others are tall and well adapted to use in the landscape.

long, dark red tubes; sepals dark lanceshaped, turned back; petals dark red, erect or divergent, pistil scarcely reaching

the tip of the sepal. Leaves elliptical to — oblong-lanceshaped, ubescent on — both surfaces, 12 to 24 principal veins on — each side of midrib, sometimes 7 inches —

the flower.

a prominent vein close to the outer mat- — gin of the leaf. ; 3. F. fulgens, Flame F. Flowers with dull red tubes; sepals dull scarlet, green tipped; petals dazzling scarlet; stigmas pink, green tipped. Leaves broad-oval, — often heartshaped; ten lateral veins on each side of the midrib, petioles and mi rib red. 4. F. splendens. Candy F. Flowers with dull red sepals and tube, but with

mm

solitary in the upper leaf axils; 4 stamens are long and 4 are shorter. Leaves ovate or lanceshaped, slightly reddish midribs; pubescent above and below.

6. F. magellanica (macrostemma). Magellan F. Flowers with red calyx and

e smooth or finely pubescent, ovate-lance- shaped, 2 inches long, with rounded teeth. Hardy varieties have been developed and most of the plants can freeze to the sol

SPRING 1954

1 ee via .. )

pp tF uchsi a

. coccine a. )

(F. corymbiflora)

2 Vine Fuchsia Flame Gagpestl fulgens) : Se aff

Candy Fuchsia (F. splendens)

6 iddodian Fuchsia (F. mage llanica

Original scratchboard sketches by Alfred C. Hottes.

WW

~I

LASCA LEAVES

Baby Rose

uchsia (F. baccillaris )f

Rose Fuchsia (F. rosea

or lycioides) \

b (F. procumbens)

—

Original scratchboard sketches by Alfred C. Hottes.

SPRING 1954

in which case they sprout from the roots.

7. F. baccillaris, Babyrose F. Flowers with rose sepals and petals; 14 to 3% inches long; stamens included but pistil protrudes. Leaves small, less than an inch long; teeth sinuate. Fruits spherical, about 14 inch in diameter.

8. F. thymifolia, Thymeleaf F. Flowers solitary, axillary, white to pink, about 1/, inch long; petals notched; sepals sharp- pointed, white turn red. Leaves opposite, sometimes alternate, ovate, blunt or sharp- tipped, 3 to 5 pairs of lateral veins, about 44 inch long.

ro-

LEONHARD

39

use, almost 10 feet tall.

10. F. procumbens, Trailing F. Does not seem like a Fuchsia, flowers are not showy, pale orange with purple calyx lobes, green at the base, petals lacking, solitary, often erect. Leaves roundish, ovate, generally alternate, 34 inch long. Berries more showy, black, almost the size of an olive. Makes good hanging basket. F. arborescens (syringaeflora), Lilac F. (not illustrated.) The casual observer does not realize that this is a Fuchsia. It is a treelike shrub from Mexico, sometimes 18 feet tall, which produces a great mass of foliage and flower clusters suggestive of Lilacs. The branches, petioles, and veins are sometimes red. The flowers are pink or purplish, only 1/4 inch long, produced in erect, terminal panicles, from January to April. The leaves are opposite, or in threes, lanceshaped, oblong, to 8 inches long. It stands more sun than most sorts.

—

FUCHS, M.D.

The following vignette, of Leonhard Fuchs after whom the Fuchsia was named, was written by Mrs. Floyd Betts, Research Student of Old Herbals at the Huntington Library, San Marino.

BOTANIZING was becoming popular in the sixteenth century. Travelers, venturing into strange lands, were fascinated with the new and exotic flora they discovered and proudly plants were obtainable to the royal gardens of their homeland. ‘ Superstitions surrounding herbs and Owers were fast being dispelled by sci- entific data. Simples were losing their Signatures,” © four great German scientists of this

habits of wild flowers about the village of : emding, Bavaria. Having exhibited ate scholastic tendencies by the age of

=

School of Meister Conrad in Heinbronn

aa

» ie was considered ready to enter the

to be prepared for the University. Leon- hard was but twelve years o

was admitted to the University of Erfurt. Four years later when he received his de- gree, his amazing erudition won him an

entered the Med

1524—then only 23! next twenty years he was renowned as a practicing physician, Professor of Medi- cine and lecturer.

His early love of flowers, now enriched by scientific credenda, became the guiding theme of his writing which he published as an herbal in 1542. This first edition was entitled De historia stirpium commentarii insignes, The following year a slightly re- vised copy in German was published under the title New Kredterbiich. On the inside of the title page appears a full- length portrait of Dr. Fuchs—a duplicate

D.Leonhart Kuch (eine alters im x v1. Sav.

ONHART FUCHS (1501-66 1542} Reduced.

LEO {De historia stirpium Courtesy of The Heatington Library and Art Gallery

of which accompanies these biographical notes

LASCA LEAVES

Being the most sgrnd wai impres- sive — of its sine his

scription of its characteristics. illustrate this colossus were two skilled draughtsmen, Heinrich Fullmaurer and Albrecht Meyer, whose 511 authentic woodcuts so eclipsed any _ botanical sketches yet attempted, that they continued to appear in other herbals for decades to come.

On the seventh of May, 1566, death quietly climaxed the life of this beloved naturalist whose obsession from boyhood had been to instill into the hearts of his pupils and his own children a keener ap- preciation of nature's wonderland. What more befitting epitaph than lines from his herbal:

‘

e is no need for me to set forth afforded by the knowledge of plants, since there is none but knows that there 1s nothing in this life more pleasant and de- wander through the

fields

wreathed and adorned with a variety of

the choicest flowers and herbs, and to gaze on them attentively. This enjoyment and —

pleasure is in no small degree enhanced by knowledge of their properties and powers: for real understanding doubles the charm and ve of vision.

nh ea In modern anglicized version this bota- nist’s name may be spelled - eonard pee: chs, a be tween t he 16th and 20th centuries it

nd yusly spell ed:

fo in ae literature vario ee or Leonhard ve uchs, or in the Latin- zed

form, Leonerd Fuchsi

See

“If we knew all the laws of Nature, we should need eer one fact, or the de- scription of one actual phenomenon, to infer all the es icular lags : "shat point. Now we know only a few laws, er our result is vi cng : of course, by any confusion or irre ) in Nature, but by our ‘lea nce a essential elements in culation. Our notions of law and harmony are commonly con- fined to those instances whi detec he harmony which results from a far greater number of seemingly conflicting, but really concurring laws hu have not detected, is still more wonderfu e particular laws are as our points of view, as, to the traveller, a mountain outline vari every step, and it has : an infinite number of profiles, t absolutely but one gles Even when cleft :

or bored through it is not comprehended

in its entire From ‘ ~aue diene D. THOREAU

me to the multitudes the pleasure and delight

See ee ee en ee

SPRING 1954 41

THE CALIFORNIA INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW 1954

From pre-Flower Show announcement notes by Charles Levitt

ALTHOUGH THE DATES of the California

doubtedly will be interested to note the themes and special features of this year’s “diversified and floral extravaganza”’ as it was advertised in pre-show announce- ments. The Spring, 1953, issue of Lasca Leaves, Vol. III, No. 2, may be referred to with regard to the history of this phe- nomenal flower show project and its pro- fess since its initial opening in the spring of 1949

€ré was a curiously interesting exhibit howing 500 plants in a volcanic setting ; Nd a 3-dimensional world globe showing where tropical plants gro

Cool climate exhibits were also a fea-

S a

ture. Of spectacular appeal one scene was scheduled to depict “springtime in Eng- land ... with more than 15,000 flowering trees and plants including 50 varieties of flowers grouped around a caretaker’s cot- tage, terraces, fountains and with the man- sion of the estate in the background.” “Garden of Meditation’ was planned to feature roses in a Colonial Church setting ; “An Old Gardener's was a

>

interest of the Americas and other coun- tries, giving glimpses of floral life in far- away lands.

All of this was on the first floor level of the exhibition structure. On the sec- ond floor, education exhibits, especially “of Mexico with authentic village and art pieces and the splendid tropical specimens of that area; ...anda vast area dedicated to a garden shopping center showing im- plements, tools, garden food, equipment and furnishings.”

So large is the area devoted to the Cali-

ample room ing food. At the north end o floor level is ‘‘a large auditorium seating more than 600, from whose stage may be seen various shows, programs by our for- eign exhibitors and by leading industries, as well as lectures, color films, and demon- strations of flower growing, arranging, and landscaping.”

This picture presents tempting fare to look forward to another year and it is hoped that many Lasca Leaves’ readers— perhaps far away at present—may visit California's southland during the spring of 1955 and following years to see this impressive pageant for themselves.

42 LASCA LEAVES

“TEDDY BEARS AND EUCALYPTUS”

TED HOLDERNESS

As A CHILD I had one, a Teddy Bear, that is, and most adults today remember these cuddly little toy animals playing a promi- nent part in their young childhood.

Today in the San Diego Zoo may be seen an exhibition of these little animals in the flesh. Young and old alike who visit these furry little creatures are immediately won over to them. Their impassive, yet appealing, quizzical expression and mild lovable temperament elicit explanations of endearment by every visitor who views

em.

The history which lies behind these Teddy Bears and their introduction into the San Diego Zoo is the purpose of this article...

It has been a keen desire of Mrs. Belle Benchley, Director of the San Diego Zoo, to include in their extensive collection an exhibition of the Australian Koalas as they are properly called. It has been my plea- sure and privilege to know and work with Mrs. Benchley for many years and I had heard her enthusiastically dream of Koalas perched in the Eucalyptus trees of the Zoo. By coincidence, and through our friends at Paramount Studios I heard of a for coming production called ‘Botany Bay,” based, as authentically as possible, on the

introduced and together the project got underway. ue to near extinction, the Koalas were wards of the Australian gov- ernment and an embargo had been placed on them in the early 20's. The details of how this was worked out by Mrs. Benchley and the Studio Management and the many cooperative people in Australia is far too involved for this paper. The important fact is that they were generously shipped to the U.S. under the care of San Diego Zoo. To leave the field of Zoology and take up the interest of the readers of this News- letter, we will recount the Horticultural

also are supplied their water needs. Their eating habits do not include all varieties but with a certain fussiness of taste they prefer viminalis, rostrata, punc- — tata, melliodora and cornuta. 4

ability of food, these were the prima

where visitors may view sides. What was needed now were tw Eucalyptus Lehmani.

To box and transplant 2 mature tre averaging 35’-40’ in height and sprea was the next order, with the provision, 0 course, that such transplanting would sure the continued growth of the trees.

Here is an example of the old saw “Fools rush in where angels fear to tread j —and so we did. 2

The two trees selected were thinned out” in their secondary framework approx”

SPRING 1954 43

mately 50% ... A 12’ square ‘ball’ was ked off and the four sides were

= p iat oa

en the original in- tention to side prune and side box before final lifting but as the size of roots cut were not in excess of 21/, inches and after several days of observation there appeared to be no flagging of the young succulent terminal buds, we continued shaping, side dressing and finally bolted the sides in Place. This left a net 9’ ball which was certainly an overboxing considering the plants had only 10”-12” stem caliper, but this was done as a precautionary measure in a rather blind approach.

Ten days later with no signs of wilting we undermined and began slipping in the bottoms. The so-called soil of this area is

i 5 Boxes were left, only the top planking and stringers were stripped. The backfilling was accompanied “Soe heavy watering and flooding to ex- aust all air. The root crowns were pur- Posely planted ten inches high to insure eg away from the crowns and pre- Clude the possibility of water and mold infections. 2 €r a year has now passed and the : ay show every evidence of being happy Nd vigorous in their new locations. .. . COVER PICTURE Old Adobe is one of the three historica res still standing within the Arboretum’s . As e seen in the photograph, of a modern ranch though it itself is “well along in

quent years. Origi | ; ginally protected by a lovely Old shake roof it is now covered with tile

was added on the west side by ‘Lucky’ Bald- win i is famed personage of the n

on ynamomum nalis) in the southwest. Because Mr writings are filled wit thought and asociation, persisting in ory like long-cherished conversations which one vaguely endeavors to recall, it is difficult to make excerpts without destroying the con- foll

om 7

justice to the glo -a-half de scription of this tree f the Orient which has settled itself so picturesquely ty streets of the southl us | winter and early spring the ripening leaves turn to to of yellow,

e an imson, and dropping to earth be it with a motley of color—an inter-

whole tree is suftuse such an entrancing loveliness as we associate with flowers only...”

*

* Further reference to this exotic immigrant to our shores may be found in the National Geographic azine, March, 1920, under

an article by Alice

GARDENING EDITORS The California southland recently entertained enting out-

f the Huntington Botanical Gardens, in San Marino, and the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia,

rx

ie

Acacia cardiophylla in full bloom, 5’-6’ high and 3/-5/

LASCA LEAVES

&

across, in a 30-foot border

planting, showing use as a broad hedge plant.

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

ACACIAS are the harbingers of spring in Southern California. As this is written (March Ist) many of the species have passed their prime but others are just reaching their peak. Most of the species S\loom from December to March, but Acacia subulata has been in continuous bloom for nearly two years.

Arboretum’s collection of more than 100 species offers a fine opportunity to observe and select those species which perform best under our conditions.

There is wide variation in type of foli- age, height, and habit of growth, so that there should be an Acacia species suitable for nearly any planting situation. It is true that the majority are relatively short lived but for sheer mass of color there are

few plant groups which can compare with hem.

The first Acacias were planted at the Arboretum about three years ago so they are by no means mature. eral species showing considerable promise as garden and landscape subjects. Some notes on these species will be of interest to our readers. Many Acacias will bloom in two or three years from seed sO they will be useful for quick effect.

One of the loveliest of the small Ac® cias is Acacia acinacea, the Gold Dust Wattle. Four year plants are 3/-4" high

and many branched. The form 1s opel ©

and loose. This year they will be pruned

heavily after flowering to try and produce

more dense growth. The phyllodia are «

tt ee. a

SPRING 1954 45

say it is ood garden subject under all conlitions, par- ticularly in heavy soils and dry climatic conditions. Our experience with . seems to bear this out. A fine species for the small eens where it will not be over- water

A. cardiophylla from New South Wales has proven one of the finest for an ex- tremely dry niger Four year old plants are 3/-4’ high 4’-5’ through, dense and full to the paneer They are in a sandy soil and are watered only occasion- ally during the summer months. The foli-

age is fine and fern-like always presenting a neat appearance. The flowers are butter yellow and completely cover the sti It stays in bloom for about three

species

Another i rt species is linearis. One older plants in our collection is now in full bloom. It has the appearance of a Podocarpus elongatus mothered in a mass of pale yellow. This plant is now four years old, 10’-12’ tall and 6’ across. The foliage resembles Podo- carpus as mentioned above and is the same clear medium green. It has had just average care and seems to be very adapt- able. This is the first year it has flowered but was well worth waiting for. For form and bie this ts outstanding.

Reference should also be made to three previously sie ere in Growing Notes, i.e.: A. saligna, Vol. Ill, p. 7; A. vestita, Vol. I, p. 8; ce steedmani, Vol. Ill,

29-30, Vol V, p. 18. This last is a

flash bloomer, = at its best for only a wee

Additional species will be discussed in later issues—the bad as well as the good —since it is our desire to provide reliable data from first-hand observation.

£9990.06.4.6oo oe LL LLL RAAhhnnnannannaanannnnaanaanaaaaaaaad

ve NOTES Aig age cdr

WD \ ea Nation Count was made

The at the Abote rm nia and her group

t our check-list, were saa serve

quired h

Rives a his and Siar. Arboretum the Ore egon, Gray- a 1 enorme colored. Juncos for this season.

A ice National Audubon Center,

Monte Ontaining 7 $0

664 Nor , Calif. farsi rs an album of € fers ngs for very moderate price.

CHARLES GIBBS ADAMS stees of the California Arboretum the death

ac ;

les oe place cannot be filled, his otten. it re-

eeeies in the Minutes of the Cali-

historical garden plan mou and dis played in the Arboretum Administration Build- ing, eee Frequent — es

ee Boor “of T California Arboretum edi, Inc. Jan. 19, 1954 * “Paltry though. . . success cmd seem to those who are able to spcans! of highe many individuals have failed to Millie it. The adaptations which have enabled some to succeed are the most nomena in the gy They are also the most mysterious.” m Patterns td Survival, p. 45, by John Hodedon Bradley

46 LASCA LEAVES NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS DR. EPHRAIM HAREUBENI

PRoOFEssoR H. R. OPPENHEIMER Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel

Dr. EPHRAIM HAREUBENI (Rubinovitch) who deceased a month ago, was lecturer in Biblical and Talmudic Botany at the He- brew University. His research was both biblical and botanical, and there are few persons whose knowledge embraces both fields and who are competent to appreci- ate his achievements.

orn at Novomoskovsk in Russia, in 1881 Hareubeni immigrated, as it seems, at the beginning of the century. Wander- ing about in the arid south, the Hauran, and in Palestine both east and west of the Jordan, he acquired an unusual knowledge of both wild and cultivated plants, and of the habits and language of the rural popu- lation. us he became competent to in- terpret debatable plant names, ambiguous phenomena in nature and symbolic ex- pressions mentioned in the scriptures. It should be recalled that too often such exegetic endeavours by both Jewish and Christian authorities are mere speculations conceived in their study-rooms.

hoever visited the Hebrew Univer- sity on Mount Scopus in the thirties was

et) ° 3 Sy ° io] = “ Ly ~ =) ee © 2 en S) nt a G Se oO 2

which had, in Hareubeni’s opinion, been the archetype of the seven-armed candle- abra of the temple, and the ‘‘chatzav’”’ an- nouncing the approach of the rainy sea- son,—when its straight, white inflores- cences appear on the parched fields. The

and insects parasitizing it. In a the museum Hareubeni hoped plant a ‘Garden of the Prophets” includ- ing all the species mentioned in the Bible.

His essentially religious and emotional approach to the problems of plant struc- ture and life contrasted sharply with that —

» Bi

both critical-exact and inspired by strong emotional stimuli.

Hareubeni’s theories about plant names, etc., were not always convincing, but as 4

he studied them at all hours of the day. The illustrations of his and his wifes book, “Thesaurus plantarum” are remark- His inquist- , tive mind and pioneering energy led him — on untrodden paths and, still as an old would, as the prophet Amos, climb an old sycamore tree in a populated

on its upper branches. Of his botanical achievements, we 2p" — preciate most his studies on the parasitic

SPRING 1954 47

and _half- t adacste plant species of this

fruited mistletoe bush developing on the branches of the olive aroused his greatest

damage inflicted upon unirrigated olive trees by the mistletoe, Hareubeni’s obser-

reserves available during the dry summer ont In another article (1935), Hareubeni insisted on the g

folklore of Palestinian plants which he collected from bedouin and fellahin, to the use of plants in popular medinite. as fodder for bees and for their aromatic properties

It dhoula not remain unmentioned that

the first Jewish pioneers of plant science in this countr ry.

VISITING BOTANISTS AT CLAREMONT

rt of botanists from various parts of urrently using the facilities of ar f R

_ ae onal govern at Gera be University of M nesota, is on € from his ins stitution and holds

during the current q rn Methodist 4 a: recently spent som in

E State Co 7" and Dr. Charles Qui

| tive to th ege is carrying on investigations rela- q the flora of Fresno County, California

bell of Fresno

CALENDAR Pasadena Spring Flower and Garden Shou pril ay pasing ae April 11th, a ee Morrison Horticultural Center,

nd a complete demonstra aids, tools hegre furniture, etc. Of special appeal this year to artist Yaris is an os: of ndecaee paintings by Orrin A. Whi

From a aoe < Mary oe Los Angeles, Calif. Z American sig Si aca re we Branch. 3rd Monday o nth at La Casita del Arroyo, _ a Arroyo ‘Blvd. (under Colorado Bridge). 7:3

* P Los Angeles Garden Baad Ist Wednesday of each mo at the men’s University Club house, 540 South Susie. Los Angeles. 10:30 a. eeting includes an outstandi er ty) lar subject of horticulture, timely

n a reminders, exhibits and awards of nd a Special Award, to eens material on display. cir oe eon at * The Southern Cain Camellia mend Inc. 8, 1954 y. Auditor: of oo

Vv Flower Exhibit 7:30 p.m. Call to meeting 8 p.m. Final meeting es the season

ANNOUNCEMENT Descanso Gardens in La Cafiada, 160-acre sti ked wo race of blooming camellias, azaleas and roses, was re-opened to the public in Febroary, 1954, by the is Angeles County Departm of Parks and Recreation. It will be maint Aico on a 365-day year round basis for the benefit of the public aa tke an

00 a.m til 4 Admission will cents for adults, 25 an for those w 13 to 18 ye f ag admission will

ke arrangements for to ance provided, by seeibare SY lvan 0-5444.

LASCA

BOOK REVIEWS AND COMMENTS

Beautifying India, by M. S. Randhawa. Rajka-

eit & oe India.

ele 22 3 color plates, ilies an writes with the feeling that life cannot be i oe without b viswoiane

ifyi fascinating color plates o some of the out- standing floweri es ich grow well in India and were Seaeliy soa te Indian

chapters are filled with a study

= = an interest in trees and gardens, fe yp oO = ip aesthetics, all brought closer

ry day

Br i in our rovins, su sai oo streets and other surroundings a need of hesueucation will find the book retest ing.

mea J. SEIBERT *

A companion book to the eae is Flowering Trees and Shrubs in India owen. d

printed in x seek A well illustrated volume in color throughou *

he Los Angeles State and County Arbore- ie has reabeie its first Lasca Miscellanea, pub-

om.

ged, by r Kou « iyi atic tp institutions. * # *

History of the aoe ee E. Shepherd. The eg 4 Com New York. 1954. 264 6 black sak | white aig a yea

ine general index, index ames. Recei ved too - = current oe ssa ‘Wi ll be reviewed i issue of Lasca Leaves.

Pblcesas « dete Ms ia 9, 1954.

LEAVES

The Perennial Adventure: A yea be Alice

Eastwood, 1859-1 933-—Susanna Bry. akin. California Academy of Sciences, aah Francisell 1954. 40 pp. Additional notes by John Thomas

Howell. To be reviewed | # Py Pa

Plant Hunter in Manipur—F. Kingdon- Ward, org eae 30 eee Square, London.

ae This k of 254 pp. and priced ats

5 shillings o ora mu over rs on It 2 “full of | Niece and maps. The or ‘ee un abi cdl in ecrere: weiting pad conveys

i country, its penile and it

same

p for the t fia in this remote country,—all are 1 sting and constitute a travel book of charm a ull informat he er’s mouth fairly waters at the talk of pink lilies (Liliam Mack- nide), sya (. maonensis), vanda ( ulea), a snow-whit Pashia), ede ghcde primulas, and many others. 4 PHitip A. MUNZ — * * *

Royal “ai eggs Society Year Books. Thr little books recently or a ba the Royal — Horticultural Soc ciety @

(1) The Daffodil an be ear Book f 1954, of 165 pp. It contains articles on stab f New The Genetics Narci I—St : its repar Daffodils. for Exhibition; Daffodil Literature

the Internationa Sho : Daffo nia in Austealis, in Victoria, in N Zealand, Rhodesia; etc.

+ Lily ih Book for 1954, priced. s for Li

: Co of Sama "Temper ratu of Easter Lily Bul Lily Group Nvsieien mactanioliwne: Cultivation of mocharis; etc. Fruit Year Book for u

K vation by Top- Grafting; Th Rivers ; robee Seti s for Coctettind Nu

iio ‘ o ae three books is richly 1

en well bound, and pis ‘s sell at $1 HILIP A. MU:

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Presidents ec peas orphans te ee SAMUEL AYRES, JR V ice-PPedewe Oc OCs a a ee Mrs. Harry J. BAUER V100-PVOAOME: Lak das cea ee ROBERT CASAMA JOR LCAINTOE 6 5 oa os Oe ee Howarp A. MILLER

MANCHESTER Boppy © JOHN C, MACFARLAND RALPH D, CORNELL f SAMUEL MOSHER

Mrs. RIcHARD Y. DAKIN Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS JOHN ANSON ForpD HAROLD F. ROACH

J.D. FUNK Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER WILLIAM HERTRICH HENRY C. Soto

LIONEL Louis HOFFMANN _ FRANK E. Titus

CHARLES S, JONES Mrs. HERBERT E. WAITE

Frits W. WENT

HONORARY TRUSTEES

FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Mrs. WESTON WALKER MANFRED MYBERG LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF

RUSSELL J). SEMGORT cre ss ee ee ee Dir GORGE FH SOATAING 7c os ce rine es Get pes est eee Superinte dee LOUTS |B. WEABTING hs 2 ce Oe Ran eee ees Plant sit Su W.. QU BOGE oo es ee cs eee vopaga

}. THOMAS MeGie ae eee ee Plant cede Dawy Bo NW eON SG coe Ore uae Historical Curatoy TRL MA (5. BEAMOARE oe oe ce ewe ss Secretary JANET Weel? 6 ek eae Research and Library (part time)

MEMBERSHIPS

Annual Associate DECIDDOGSNID 0 5 he a eee ee $ 5.00 Annual Membershi EDU Ganges eS eu hs ee end eG Cee wee a 10.00 Annual Contributing: Membership. .3:. 60. ov iy eens 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership, «605.65 se ian oe es 100.00 Annual § Sponsde Membership 04. sic ss eee ress ey ie ess 250.00 Life acinar. ip ees SON Gk a ke Wg ee pitas ego emere aay eae 500.00 Founders: (o-oo he eee es $1,000.00 or more Bonckgaee en rn REMI rng SG eer FE 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

LASCA LEAVES

es ‘ The official publication of the Southern: California Horticultural Institute and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

Sponsors of

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER PHILIP A. MUNZ WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums ~ Botanical Gardens: ern California—ELIZABETH oe As Barbara—-KATHERINE K,. Mu esegs California—RONALD B. Tieden

PcOROGUG FANS 75,5 es bined cane Ue ews bees RUSSELL J. SEIBERT Geo-botany, a Pt ORS fhe ae in eee ee 5 Louis C. WHEELER SPO slp ee te ee Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN

OTIC as bl oad sede os Cen ok Es PS VERNON T. STOUTEMYER RAVUUCIOS CSUR. kee beeen e ceue rs RALPH D. CORNELL Patioe © aittrria Blass 6 So's ee ee es ae ee Percy C. EVERETT Orchi ere ates ot a nd vee ee ee ae

Taxonomy of Exotics Taxonomy of Natives

ERO an CALIF, \ (eXSURAL 7% /

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1954

PRR 99 6 ri lig bok Lae ees Sh FRED W. ROEWEKAMP UE PRONE oD Lions 69S ke Gm eke ME VERNON T. STOUTEMYER DUCES ata ei Ks oh RROD. Ske Aw ture ea GEORGE H. SPALDING DNA OE OR ney a a Saw ee Vaden an loow KENNETH BISHOP ERROR SOIOEN 5 vise cine Gasca eee were RONALD B. TOWNSEND

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C, EVERETT MANCHESTER BODDY EARLE E, HUMPHRIES HowarRpD BODGER MILpRED E. MATHIAS PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND

RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL ROBERT CASAMAJOR MANFRED MEYBERG Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HUGH EvANs Roy F, WiLcox MEMBERSHIPS PS WIN asia wink oe REN ae RI $ 5.00 year Rt OE Ts bys ek wa ee cate wy Lae e ees 5.00 year Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year Contributing Meters igi. se eter an oles es 25.00 year ORINENEL ICIS i edo ot oo acca Ue eee 50.00 year MOR RE ON 5 on eevee hk ld oy howe MOO 50.00 year ate DANI yc os cue nd ead dee nese ene) 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class. MEETINGs: 3rd Thursday each month at Park and Recreation Building,

18th and Toberman Streets, Los Angeles, California

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

SUMMER 1954

Lasca Leaves

VoL. IV JULY, 1954 No. 3 CONTENTS Notable Trees in Southern California........... Mildred Mathias 51 Early Days in the Los Angeles Park Department. .... Frank Shearer 52 Weather Record, L. A. State & County Arporttiay 453 555 ss 56 Weather Record, University of Cabforsia, 1. Ales. 56 Air Layering Experiments at Wisley F, E. W. Hanger, V. M. H., A. Ravenscroft 57 Plant Patents Explained: fy. ces Louis Cutter Wheeler 62 Cover Pictute 0 vie ee ee ne, S. B. D. 64 Cistus and Its Response to Fire. . Louis B. Martin, Marcella Juhrens 65 Progress of the Daylily Test Garden at Los Angeles State and County Ashoretunt: 0.200 0. seein da cs W. Quinn Buck 68 Names; Notes. and MOWS. 5 ys as een sess 69 Growing Nobesoa 5 vc ee ee George H. Spalding 70 Book Review <iis bia vauaeeee ee Howard Asper 70 Callen dag is), ia <a ta Mee et os Se 71 Book Notes? 0.60 553gy Mildred Mathias 72 JELUS TRATIONS Kigelia pinnate. The Sausage Trees... 0000. oe vie eevee ees 50 Ale Layering oo ee a be ee ae nes evice 60 Cistus Planting: experimental burning... .........6-+-+-++4+5- 67 69

Daylily Display Bodies cicroy Gi cle ere hes vem kes nso s 35

49

50 LASCA LEAVES

Kigelia pinnata, The Sausage Tree. Showing parent tree on the campus of the University of — Hawaii, photographed in 1938 by Ralph D. Cornell, Landscape Architect, Los Angeles. Close-ups of fruit and flowers from trees cpg from seed of this parent tree, and sent from Honolulu by | Mr. ee? in 1947, to Edward H. nion, Editor of Trees Magazine, who raised seedlings, | three of which Mr. Comet planted on fa campus of the University of California, Los Angeles, | nearly fifteen years ago. Two of the trees still stand where they were planted; a third was fatally |

infected with Phytophthora. Photographs, courtesy of Mr. Ralph D. Cornell.

aie al alla

Tee ee ee FE Te Pin me eee eeee

teadily and the young

SUMMER 1954 51

NOTABLE TREES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA I. THE SAUSAGE TREE, (Kigelia pinnata) MILDRED MATHIAS

ONE OF THE plant world’s curiosities is the sausage tree,a member of the Bignonia Family. A tree on the road from Coconut Grove to Cutler, Florida, and another on the campus of the University of Hawaii have been widely publicised but not many people know of the two producing saus- age trees on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles. ese two

_ trees were planted about sixteen years ago

from seed sent from Honolulu by Mr. Ralph Cornell. They first flowered in 1947 and three “sausages’’ were produced that year by hand pollination. Since 1948 the flowers have been pollinated every sum- mer by botanists at the University and the trees bear a continuous crop of “‘sau ages.” As many as one hundred have been counted on one tree.

ommon name of the tree is de-

__ Its native region. The fruits resulting from

o) ae nectar

ii the seeds indicates that fertile bay are produced only in those fruits

trees grow rapidly. © Sausage is not edible although the

freshly cut fruits smell somewhat like cucumbers and the taste is that of a cu- cumber skin.

The trees are about 20-25 feet tall with broad spreading crowns. The leaves may be as much as two feet long and they are divided into three to five pairs of op site leaflets and a terminal leaflet. The leaflets are stiff and a medium green color. They fall in early spring to be followed almost immediately by the new leaves. Flowers begin to appear in July and flow-

shaped, 4-5 inches in diameter, a mahog- any or reddish-purple color, and are borne in groups on long dangling flower stalks. They open in the late afternoon and drop by mid-morning.

The sausage tree is a native of the tropical forests of West Africa. It is often planted in the interior of Africa where both flowers and fruits are re- garded as a fetish. In Nigeria the fruit is sold in markets and used medicinally. It has been used as a dye and is supposed to serve as a charm to secure riches. It is re- ported that in Africa bats pollinate the night-blooming flowers. Another story is that squirrels living in the trees in Africa bite the ends of the fruits and let the juices ferment. They drink these juices and enjoy an intoxicated state for some

e.

The most easily observed tree at the University is on the south side of the Education Building and may be seen from the main road through the Campus. The other producing tree is e southeast corner of the Administration Building. Several small trees are planted at other

since they do not attain a full size until 10-12 months after pollination and they may persist for a much longer time. It is not uncommon to see fruits resulting from at least two year’s pollinations hanging on the trees.

52 LASCA LEAVES

EARLY DAYS IN THE LOS ANGELES PARK DEPARTMENT

FRANK SHEARER!

WHEN THE WRITER joined the Park De- partment in 1910, Los Angeles covered an area of 80 square miles, bounded on the north by Baxter Street, on the south by Slauson Avenue, on the east by Indiana Street, and on the West by Hoover Street. The city had four paved streets, Main, Spring, Broadwa rom Temple Street to 9th Street, and Baudry Street from emple Street to Sunset Boulevard.

The population was about 300,000; there were about 500 automobiles in the city and surrounding territory and the Auto Club of Southern California had just been established a short time previous to 1910. The city was governed by a Mayor and five Councilmen, elected at large ; the Council met once a week. There were 3 telephones in the city: one in the City Hall, one at Eastlake Park, and one at Westlake Park. The Owens Valley Aqueduct had been started two years pre- viously and was about one-third com- pleted.

Los Angeles County Supervisors had issued $3,000,000.00 in road bonds to build 300 miles of County roads—these roads were 20 feet wide, composed of rock and oil, and the speed limit was 20 miles per hour. Due to a recent extensive an- nexation program, the city boundaries were expanded, taking in Hollywood, Griffith Park and territory lying between these points and the former city boundar- ies. San Pedro and Wilmington were tied in by way of a shoestring strip one mile wide, running north from Wilmington through part of Gardena and connecting with the extended south city boundary at Manchester Avenue.

"About Mr. Shearer himself:

Superintendent of Parks, 1910-1936: Park

ommissioner, Oct. 1939-July, 1942; Deputy

Superintendent of Parks, Oct., 1943-May,

; 't. Supt. of Parks, May, 1945-

Sept., 1945 (at which time he was compelled to retire because of age).

nated by former Mayor Hazard, two blocks from Lincoln Park; Prospect Park, oldest park in the city, history unknown to the writer; Hollenbeck Park, donated jointly by Mrs. Hollenbeck and ex-Mayor Workman; South Park, acquired by bond issue—$10,000.00 for 20 acres; Echo

way of which was dedicated for Park us¢,— and has to be maintained largely for the : benefit of abutting property owners. In

was poor; surveys and el the City Engineer's office, usually delayed; — there were ninety men employe “ Parks and the work was largely plantin and maintenance. The Park Board met once a month. Due to a political upheaval in i the Mayor resigned; an election was he 7 under the auspices of the Good Govert ” ment League, and sweeping changes wet made in all departments. Out of all ‘he a new Park Board was appointed and new Board announced in the local pape

SUMMER 1954 53

at great length, its aims, aspirations, and program it intended to follow. The writer was so interested that an application to assist in the proposed work was made, an at an interview was hired as a Landscape Engineer.

The first assignment was for surveys for roads in Griffith Park, and for surveys 0 the Arroyo Seco with acquisition for a Park in view. A few months later, in se- lecting a Superintendent of Parks, which position was vacant, the Park Board and the Secretary read and considered over two hundred and fifty applications for the po- sition ; the Landscape Engineer's original application was also considered and he was selected to fill the post. The first order of business was setting up an organization for the Park Department. The Secretary

various types, with regard to improve- ment, one man could take care of. Then the jobbing gardeners, on private gar- dens, were interviewed ; and as a result of these inquiries, a unit of work was estab- lished covering the various types of Park improvement.

he h twenty-six men, though Only sixteen men called for. This re-

equipment was provided, lawn mowers, grass edgers,

and improved sprinkling devices, etc. That the new program might gain im- petus, the City Council approved a resolu- tion authorizing the Park Board to give

Notwithstanding all the good inten- tions, as applied to the fore-going, the re- sults were disappointing. At the end of a year, it was found, however, that Park maintenance had been reduced over forty per cent, and the Parks were in bétter shape than before the new regime was adopted. The Park Board applied to the City Council for authority to spend the forty-per cent saving on permanent bet- terments. Boat House, Comfort Stations,

? >

Pershing Square, formerly Central Park, was in a run-down condition,—lawn lack- ing fertilizer, dead trees, walks rambling

Con ; f

competen Construction Foreman in

54 LASCA charge. It was also decided to introduce a new method of irrigation—an under- ground sprinkling system; it was installed and was the first in Los Angeles. Former- ly it had taken two men, at $2.50 per day each, with ten or twelve 50 ft. lengths of hose and twin sprays covering 20 ft. diam- eter, six days a week to water the Park,— that was $30.00 per week. With the new underground system, one man could water the Park in two hours at a cost of 62c—another labor-saving device. The in- stallation of this system paid for itself in eighteen months; with various modifica- tions, the system was later installed in all Park lawns, including the Golf Courses and the mountain slopes in Griffith and Elysian Parks. (Special note: as a result of the more recent change in the design of Pershing Square, the writer is compelled to express admiration for the lay-out:— while it does away with the passing- through feature, the spacious panel of lawn is beautiful and restful; the sur- rounding planting with walks and seats is very appropriate; Pershing Square now provides a beautiful breathing space, and is a wonderful ventilator for that part of the City.)

ace does not permit of detailed enu- meration of all the projects undertaken by the Construction Division of the Park Department. The Conservatories in Lin- coln Park were built when this park was the principle attraction in the days when people travelled by street car; later the people went farther afield, due to the in- creased number of automobiles, and in- terest in the Conservatories faded; they were later turned into a Recreation Center, and no doubt, as such render a service to a greater number of people. The first swim- ming pools were built by the Park De- partment, also several underground Com- fort Stations.

In 1910, the City made a contract with the State for fifty years, with an option of fifty years more, for all of Exposition Park (formerly Agricultural Park), not occupied by structures belonging to the State and Los Angeles C

on upkeep; and $10,000.00 paid on the

LEAVES

lease. The Park Department designed and supervised construction of a new race- track, and the Construction Division built the Grandstand, also the fountain and the balustrade surrounding the future rose- garden. The Park Department built the San Pedro City Hall, and also operated the Light-house at Point Firmin when it was

that type of construction; an handed a $2,500,000.00 order to build a series of Fire Stations: —it began to look like “the tail wagging the dog,” so an application to the Council to be relieved of this work was granted. The Building and Construction Division of the Park Department then became a separate bureau under the Board of Public Works. (Note: This work for other departments had been carried on by the Park Department for ten years, doing about $150,000.00 worth of work annua

Following the surveys made in Griffith Park, road building was started, and about seventeen miles of mountain road, twenty- five feet wide, was built: this work was © performed between 1910 and 1914, in- —

) na CEE eee ee a Dee re eee Te nc eV ToT so Nene gis eT PRO eT er eer ean ne Oe ET a eee

City and County, able interest. Senator Flint adopted the

plan for the subdivision of Flintridge, — which is mountain territory; Los Angeles

County adopted the method and specifica- tions for the road through Topanga Can- — yon; and the Federal Forestry Department 7 turned over the building of a road from = Pasadena by way of the Arroyo Seco to — Oakwild, to the Park Department. The — latter donated the use of a steam-shovel or the project. These roads have a five- —

cars, and two lanes for parking; several additional miles were also built at this time. This work was performed by men on relief during the depression; 12,000

SUMMER 1954 55

men were employed, and the work was supervised by the Park Department— 000 men in the morning, 6,000 in the afternoon. )

A great number of men now living in Los Angeles will remember that period of work: the first Golf Course in Los An- geles was built by the Park Department, eighteen holes with sand and oil greens for putting, the fairways used as nature provided, no water being available. To- day this small beginning has expanded into an extensive institution.

In 1910 when a Park Foreman needed any small piece of equipment, he had to go to the City Hall, make a requisition in triplicate, one to the purchasing agent,

up at Elysian Park Service yard for stor- age, and a horse and express wagon were

med into an in-

In 1910, the men were paid once a month, but that was changed to bi-weekly ; and another change was made: the Fore- had been obliged to leave their parks i" 80 to the Park Office with the time- Sheets, so to overcome this waste of time, ie paaaeig was bought and a man de- s b _ ‘0 visit the Parks for the purpose =f tinging in the time-sheets. Likewise,

eat the payrolls and checks were com- Heit the man on the motorcycle again tags . the Parks and delivered the checks ae € men. In order to further facilitate ] Munication with the Parks, telephones

were installed—a saving in time, but un- fortunately the people around the Parks monopolized the telephones, running up bills that the Park Department had to pay. A request of the local Telephone Com- pany for estimates on installation of a telephone exchange in the Park Office, brought the response that an exchange could be installed for about $3,000.00. This would provide a check on who used the phones in the Parks. The City Coun- cil thought this was a wonderful idea, but instead of installing the exchange in the Park Department, thought it should be placed in the City Hall to serve all de- partments. That was the beginning of the telephone exchange now operating in the City Hall.

The foregoing items touch lightly on

various new projects led to. The writer would be lacking in respect to the memory of the men who made these things possi- ble if he omitted to name them. The Park Board at that time had three members; they were: Judge Charles Silent, a retired O'Melveny,

a firm of attorneys; Mr. J. B.

ceived no compensation for their time de- voted to Park Department work—weekly meetings, numerous trips to Parks, night meetings with citizen groups on Park ac- quisition, etc. They initiated numerous re- forms on Park Administration; they were responsible for the first underground sprinkling system, the start of the City Store, the installation of a Telephone Ex- change in the City Hall, and the organiza- tion of a Building and Construction De-

now, and it seems fitting to record their names and accomplishments.

56 LASCA LEAVES WEATHER RECORD—1953 Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, California TEMPERATURES RAINFALL EVAPORA-

TION

AVERAGE PEAKS INCHES INCHES

MONTH MIN. MAX IN. MAX MEAN MONTH MONTH NUAEG 25 4s 41.9 74.3 34.0 88.0 58.1 1.20 975 February..... 36.4 73.9 28.0 88.0: 55.1 58 1.675 PMAECE > cies wis 39.7 738 30.0 91.0 56.7 .96 2.150 Aptibt cc." 44.5 fast 31.0 86.0 58.6 L138 2.820 1S a cas 45.4 80.0 39.0 96.0 62.7 O05 5.290 TOD cries ec: 50.3 84.9 41.0 97.0 67.6 .03 4.675 | 1 1 ee ae ae 58.6 97.0 50.0 107.0 77.8 6.785 August....... 54.5 92.6 49.0 100.0 73.6 panes 6.110 September 54.2 92.1 47.0 108.0 73.1 5.110 CLODER ohn. 43.0 86.7 41.0 109.0 64.8 1.05 4.090 November.... 45.8 78.6 34.0 93.0 62.2 1.38 2.020 December.... 37.8 Tock 28.0 88.0 55.4 .40 2.050 TOTAL INCHES— 6.83 43.750

septs OBSERVATIONS: € highest og ae of the year ge recorded on October Sth when the thermometer pate 109° on A temperature of 90°F. sy ee a sneha on ninety-seven days during the year. On twen Ri sheer 5 eh the temperature went t sein of 28°F. w sg - d on es nights ‘i vies 2nd and December 24th. ure of 40°F. or ted o on ninety-six nights during the year. On eight of these nights the temperature was belo

w 32° Frost was aap anaes on forty-three mornings, but the winter months were mild as compared with .

recent year! Sm

syn a Rig ee ayaa and Oct ry dry year with an evaporation loss of 43.75 inches vi 4.97 inches more than iod

ii Soeiion eae ‘ihe onths and twenty-three day gpa om May Ist to October — 23rd only .08 inches of rainfall was recorded. Rain was recorde twenty-five days for a total 83 inches as compared ty-nine days 1952 when we pecnioal 34 . This 1953 total of 6.83 inches was well scattered with no a precipitation any one storm | = onth. A storm total of more than one inch occurred on y two occasions during the y saath 23rd when 1.05 inches fell and on November 14th “aa 15th when 1.20 inches was cor WEATHER RECORD—1953 University of California, Los Angeles Subtropical Horticulture Area PRECIPITA- TEMPERATURE TION AVERAGE PEAKS TOTAL 1953 MI MAX MI MO

January..... 47.2 69.8 38 84 1.52 February.... 40.7 66.8 31 84 0.00 March...... 44.7 66.4 38 87 0.50 fe eae 47.0 67.7 36 89 2.09 i ee 49,2 68.6 44 80 0.01 | 53.7 74.9 47 82 0.06 | 59.4 80.3 54 91 0.00 August..... 57.0 76.7 52 84 0.00 September 54.7 79.5 49 102 0.00 October... .. 50.4 75.1 4l 88 0.00 November. . 46.6 71.8 39 92 1.38 December. . . 41.9 69.1 3.4 84 0.06

—————— Total inches 5.62

og was noticeably observed on one hundred-nine days, being more noticeable during the ober

| |

= Se ASIA Fa ete

a =

Se ee ti see EF sen Se a A Tee

a a at ai eee

SUMMER 1954

AIR LAYERING EXPERIMENTS AT WISLEY*

F. E. W. Hancer, V. M. H., AND A. RAVENSCROFT

Most TREES and shrubs are comparatively easy to reproduce vegetatively from cut- tings, yet there are notoriously obdurate plants such as Acers, Abeliophyllum, Mag- nolia, Mahonia, Prunus, Parrotia, etc., which are so difficult to root as to make the whole operation not only unprofitable but most impractical.

During the last two years, 1952 and 1953, experiments have been carried out in the Gardens at Wisley to test air layer- Ing as a means of overcoming this difh- ulty. The mysterious plastic film containers

n

ation so far obtained from our experi- ments.

For the amateur who is interested in n€ propagation of plants and where the time factor is n a air layering has its appeal and can € made the means of producing many a

© normal layering as a means of multi-

plication.

c Seg layering originated from the ancient inese practice of binding manure and

ke twig to induce root formation

sty ants which were difficult to root from ings. The method of air layering has

ay

i ; Journal of the Royal Horti- ae Society, London. Vol. LXXIX, Part €. March 1954. pp. 111-116, incl.

been in constant use through the years

layer is sufficiently rooted. POLYETHYLENE FILM After the recent world war extensive experiments with the new plastic films to replace the adhesive bandage in air layer- ing practices were carried out in various arts of the United States of America, es-

It new plastic film ‘‘Polyethylene.”” This ma- acking food- for the trans-

peratures and constant humidity no case has been re- corded. ‘‘Polyet plastic film sold in this country under th names “Alkathene’ (renamed ' queen’’) or “Polythene.”

There are a confusing number of plastic films now on the market. As all & not have the same properties for successful air

58 LASCA layering it is important to obtain the right material.

“Polyethylene” can be purchased in many thicknesses but those ranging from four thousandths of an inch to six thou- inch inclusive are con- sidered ideal for air layering. No signifi- cant difference in the suitability of these various thicknesses is evident. Film less than four thousandths of an inch is con- sidered too thin as the material is apt to stretch when being wrapped around the moss; such thin plastic film also tends to admit water when subjected to constant overhead irrigation. Thicknesses of seven

’ film is fairly trans- parent the developing roots of the twig are clearly visible under the wrapping, and thus by careful observations the experi- menter can ascertain when sufficient roots have been formed and when to sever the

one of the difficulties of the process of air layering which is to exclude air at the overlap of the bandage enclosing the ma- terial round the stem thus leaving only the two ends to be secured by electrical insulation tape. Tubes 3 to 4 inches wide and 8 to 9 inches long make a good aver- age size, but have the disadvantages of taking much longer to operate, and being more expensive to purchase. Flat sheet “Polyethylene” plastic film can easily be converted into tubular pieces and an effi- cient seal may be obtained by using a gas

ame. The best method is to place the flat sheet between two metal plates, allowing the edges to be sealed to protrude by approximately 14 inch. Direct the flame on the exposed edges until the Poly-

LEAVES

ethylene “runs back” to the metal plates —

and cools off. This method will be found 4

to be simple and quick in operation. A AIR LAYERING

season with the current year’s growths. — This is no doubt due to the fact that in the — spring the plant is in active growth, — whereas in the autumn the rooting of dif- —

of the young growths flag and suffer con- — siderably, many of them withering and al- — most dying at once when a cut is made in ~

1

to be governed by the thickness of th this work is carried out as

and thus making the operation more Of less simple. Experiments with the circular } bark method, which necessitates the

through breakages, caused by the wind, etc., were numerous. 3 After the necessary cut has been made 4

ee Se ee eee

pn I rs ek = rine Th Re) EE ne = Ae

Pe a nn OS he gm see =

SUMMER 1954 59

growth-promoting substance, preferably in powder form, is applied to both cut surfaces, and around the stem in the im- mediate vicinity of the cut. The next im- portant step is to open the jaws of the cut by placing a small twist of clean Sphagnum moss between the cut surfaces.

held in position with the plastic film which must be wound around the cover- ing moss in such a way as to arrange for

the two ends with adhesive tape. Before applying this the plastic film must be twisted tight at each end. If the two ends are folded rather than twisted in the direction of the overlap this will prove a quick and easy procedure. When apply- ing the tape care must be taken to con- tinue the winding beyond the edge of the film to finish on the wood of the

failures among the air layers will occur due to the soggy conditions inside the plastic wrap creating unfavorable rooting conditions.

If the air layer is correctly created it will remain moist and healthy, over a period of months, giving ample time for footing to take place.

One-third granulated peat or acid ver- miculite can be incorporated with the

phagnum moss inside the plastic film ag advantage. Vermiculite adheres to ee amp moss more readily than granu- sha peat and for this reason is prefer-

l — air layers be made on rather “ €r wood, it will be found necessary secure them to an adjacent branch to Prevent swaying and damage from wind. ESTABLISHING THE ROOTED LAYER After 8 to 12 weeks, roots may be ex- pans to protrude through the moss, and t progress can be watched through the

transparent plastic film. The thick flesh- like roots of Magnolias and other plants will be easily noticeable but the fibrous roots of Prunus, Roses, etc., are muc more difficult to see. These will need close scrutiny to ascertain when the layer has formed sufficient roots to enable it to re- establish itself with safety after being cut

roots are formed to sustain the layer’s in- dependence it should be removed by cut- ting through the stem below the lower insulation tape-seal.

has been stated elsewhere that air layers are difficult to re-establish inde- pendently in new compost. This has not been evident at Wisley, possibly due to the fact that every assistance is given to the layer (which is usually a large plant with a small root system) to encourage it quick- ly to become well rooted in suitable com-

ost.

After the air layer has been cut free the insulation tape must be removed from ach end and the plastic film carefully unrolled. It should then be easy to sepa- rate (the majority) of the moss from the roots, and it will now be necessary to re- move with a pair of secateurs the stem snag below the rooted portion. The layer is now ready to be potted into 4-inch pots with plenty of drainage and one of the following composts:

1. Equal parts of John Innes Potting No. 1 and Peat Moss.

2. Equal parts of J. I. P. No. 1 and Vermiculite.

3. Equal parts Vermiculite and Peat

oO

Oss.

The vermiculite should possess an acid reaction.

As soon as potted the young plants should be placed in a cold frame and re- ceive frequent syringing on all suitable occasions. Special care not to over-water in these early stages is essential.

For the first week the cold frame con- taining the young layers must be heavily shaded and closed. Later the shading can be decreased gradually and the air to the frame increased. When the roots of the new plants are well established around the

60 LASCA LEAVES

Air Layering. Showing essential a of this Bement as aaah at Huntington Botanical

Gadanes subject photographed is Rhododendron panying

included with the reprinted text.

this pore in the jonrnal of the Royal Honea vig ‘eatoctonatedy could Photograph cou of The Hu

inal photographs accom- not be ntington Library and Art

’ (Note:

ra San Marino, oh Panty

sides of the pots, potting on, or planting out-of-doors in the ursery, is ad- vised before a check to priory is possible.

PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCES AS AN AID TO AIR LAYERING The experiments carried out during the past two years have been made more com- prehensive and interesting by the help given by the makers of certain plant growth-substances. Not only have they given their commercially sornene.: growth-

uid and

but when requested, special preparations of indolyl butyric acid, 2:4:5-Trichloro- phenoxyacetic acid and (2:4:5-Trichloro- phenoxy) propionic acid.

was soon made evident that the powder form lent itself more favorably to the application of air layering. Durin the first season’s experiments therefore, powders containing indolyl butyric acid with strengths ranging from 1,000 p.p.m to 8,000 p.p.m. were used.

The most concentrated of these is nor- mally recommended for hard-wooded cut- tings, and in the Wisley experiments with air layering, proved the most successful.

In most cases Sree with Abelio- phyllum, Mahonia, Magnolia, Parrotia and Prunus a 100 per cent. rooting took sie within 10 rs 12 weeks. Notable ex-

ceptions were . Roses and large leafed SPEEA species, all of which formed a large amount of callus, and after months of watching no roots were forthcoming.

he woe fr gave very satisfactory re lants, but

was quite successful with less difficult rooting subjects, but with the mo 0 difh- cult varieties the percentage of successes was much less than with the inbecuodiall strength.

At the end of thé first season’s experi-

ments the results proved that the powder =

NaS somla antens .-s

SUMMER 1954 61

containing 8,000 p.p.m. I.B.A. gave by far the best results; yet this strength did not succeed in producing roots (only callus) on a number of plants. The success obtained by these initial efforts encour- aged us to continue the experiment for another season, using much stronger growth substances than the I.B.A.

he makers also arranged to help by making up nine preparations containing the following concentrations:

The various species and varieties of Acer require different strengths of growth- regulating substances, A. palmatum and A, palmatum atropurpureum need I. B. A. as strong as 30,000 p.p.m. with the help of which they root readily. I. B. A. at 20,000 p.p.m. will assist the majority of Acers to root quite successfully when air layered.

The stronger concentrations of (2:4:5- T) at 10,000 p.p.m. and those of (2:4:5

1. Indolyl-butyric acid @ 15,000 p.p.m.

2. Indolyl-butyric acid @ 20,000 p.p.m.

3. Indolyl-butyric acid @ 30,000 p.p.m.

4. (2:4:5-T) 2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy acid @ 100 p.p.m.

5. (2:4:5-T) 2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy acid @ 1,000 p.p.m

6. (2:4:5-T) 2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy acid @ 10,000

7. (2:4:5-TP) a (2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid @ 100 p.p.m. 8. (2:4:5-TP) @ (2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid @ 1,000 p.p.m. 9. (2:4:5-TP) q (2:4:5-Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid @ 10,000 p.p.m.

By using this wide range of growth sub- stances it was hoped to find a suitable Strength to encourage the rooting of the More difficult plants which failed to root with the commercially available regula- tors. It was fully realized that the high- ést concentrations might be injurious to Plant life but at any rate it was hoped to — the upper limits of the plants’ en-

urance to growth substances. With the

thong like structures. Sections of these : spn them to be typical roots with very N95 thin-walled cortex and a central cyl-

er showing 11 to 12 strands of primary

mA gis with small groups of

Moting substances fail to grow away

I

<2 A. 8, .p-m. were rooted 83 per nt with the stronger I. B. A. at 15,000

and 20,000 p-p.m.

TP) at the same strength did much dam-

In the majority of cases the air layers (especially the Magnolias) completely died, and with many other genera they

roots were thick and fleshy and when in- spected appeared to have no root hairs attached.

CONCLUSION

To date it has not been possible to in- vestigate fully the reactions of the Rho- dodendron genus to growth-promoting substances when air layered, but enough has been accomplished to prove that if applied carefully and according to recom- mendations indolylbutyric acid still holds its own amongst accelerators of root growth when plants are air layered. How- ever, much research work is still necessary before we can solve many of the limiting factors which. must be taken into con- sideration before the full benefit is ob- tained from root inducing substances.

62 LASCA LEAVES

PLANT PATENTS EXPLAINED

Louls CUTTER WHEELER

IN READING nursery catalogs you frequent- ly encounter plants designated as patented. Usually these patented varieties are more expensive than unpatented varieties. You may e wondered what the patent means to you.

The general assumption is that a pat- ented plant is superior to an unpatented one; if this were not so the patented plants could not be sold for the higher price. In actuality the mere fact that a plant has been patented is no guarantee that it is better; it is supposed that the variety is at least new. Of course, after a

superiority. With so large and unorgan- ized a market it is quite possible that a pat- ented plant of no unusual merit might actually enjoy a profitable sale at a pre- mium price for the life of the patent— seventeen years.

In order to understand the significance

exclusive right to (throughout the United States and the Territories thereof) from asexually repro- ucing, or using or selling the plant so reproduced.

The interpretation of this statute as it applies to plants lies in the no man’s land between law and biology, and some of the legal interpretations are biologically be- fuddled. Certain aspects of the law are, however, unequivocal.

Plants customarily propagated by seeds are excluded. This is biologically sound since asexually propagated plants, Le., those propagated by budding, grafting, slipping, layering ,dividing, or by bulblets or cormlets growing from bulbs or corms, show a minimum of variation and a popu- lation of essential uniformity can be main- tained. Sexually-(including seed-) propa- gated plants may vary rather freely; the characteristics of the variety may change through the years as the producer selects,

sect-carried pollen. Hence administration of patents on seed-propagation plants would be impractical. :

Another group of excluded plants 1s the tuber-propagated plants. Apparently

Congress objected to patenting varieties —

of the white potato. The interpretation of tuber is in the correct botanical sense of a

no disputes have Plants propagated by large fleshy roots

can be patented even though, as in the

case of the sweet potato, they may be f plants. The

the basis of a rather dubious legal fiction |

conceived for the purpose, that bactert ]

poses of the act is a key point. “Variety is used in the broadest possible sense “kind’’ would be a better wo

> aa

U. S. Supreme Court has ruled, on

SUMMER 1954 63

either known or used by others in this country or patented or described in any publication in any country prior to the in- vention or discovery by the would-be

devoid of biological basis, have rendered.

. uy of variegated plants most of which Pad nown to be due to infection ome virus. For example, our two-tone et ting peaches common locally have oe rose colored and pale pink flowers, boa OF pats of petals due to infection bi each mosaic virus. Patentability of “hn pathological color forms is unknown. i ultimate decision as to ‘newness’ = ie the Agricultural Research Serv- ni a States Department of Agricul- * ‘hey may, at their option, require

submission of specimens, or opportunity to examine the growing plant. Opinions of competent witnesses may be taken into consideration. ou find a new kind of plant in your garden and you wish to patent it, the first thing to do is to propagate it asexually and row it until the progeny show the char- acters in which it is new and different. This asexual reproduction and demonstra- tion that the novel characters persist in the rogeny is “reduction to practice’ and constitutes ‘ ion” 1

plication for the patent. have to prove that you did, or forfeit the patent. Consequently, competent, prefer- ably disinterested, witnesses should certify as to the date of successful completion of asexual reproduction including appear- ance of the novel characters in the off-

n

: scope of the patent permits the patentee to control sale, use and asexual propagation of the patented plant. He may license others to propagate and sell on a royalty basis. It is generally held that control of sale and use does not ex- tend to control of sale and use of flowers or fruit or other plant parts not intended for use in asexual reproduction.

A moot question is the coverage of plant patents. Does the patent cover only members of the clone asexually gated from the original plant, or apply to all plants indistinguishable from each other? In the only pertinent decision discovered, the court ruled, in effect, without realizing the biological signifi-

64 LASCA cance of its ruling, that only members of

a clone are covered, and that indistin- saibable plants which originated as an- other sport, mutation or hybrid, even though identical, were not covered. Proof of infringement was difficult enough be- fore this decision. Now, if this decision

horticultural name under which the pat- entee is selling the plant

It is not permissible in applying for a plant patent to use a fancy horticultural name. When application is made, plant is referred to merely as a rose, peach, camellia, oy as the case = be. How- ever, in m

sequently there would be little profit in propagating a patented plant unless it

LEAVES

were sold under the name under which a market had been created by es except for plants used mainly for co mercial production of plant products uch as fruit, cut flowers, pulp wood, etc. In the ssi case substantial savings might be made by propagating stock without ain > establish one’s own orchard or grove.

From this summary it should be evident that plant patents involve many puzzling and often obscure problems in the botani- co-legal field. As yet there have been few judicial decisions to interpret the relevant statutes. However, the home gardens

of rene roses spat self. Department of Bota University of eas ed California Los Angeles 7, California

COVER PICTURE

Historical Landmark No. 367

THE DAY dawned benign and beautiful, and closed in an atmos e of success and carefree celebrations. May 18, 1954, was a day of dedication at the Los Angeles

given by the State of California, and

“Queen "on the historic homesite of Rancho Santa Anita. Members of the Historical Committee

John R. Mage and Mrs. Richard ee Dakin, co-chairmen, Mrs. Ernest A. Bryant, Jr., Maurice Block, Mrs. Howard Cunning- am, ts. Forrest Q. Stanton, Mrs. Alfred Murray, Jack Fawcett, Dewey E. Nelson, to mention only the portion of the Committee most active in the day's preparations. During the brief speeches, credi

ames Aidig Chapter, Daughters of the Ameri-

can Revolution, was introduced, and she presented a second monetary gift from this organization, ee a the restora- tion of the Hu eid adobe built in 1839, now ina ate i dis-repair. Super- visor John Anson Ford, Chairman of the Los Angeles ea Board of Supervisors, introduced Aubrey Neasham, who came down from Sess for the express purpose of formally dedicating the Cot- tage on behalf of the State Park Commis- sion.

There followed an informal inspection of the three historic aetomd agian the Lake—then, “regalement”’ lawn, and singing of old favorites bail monized by four pretty “Crown City Coronettes,” to gratifying applause. And so, “Queen Anne Cottage” intended by

“Lucky” Baldwin for entertaining when he built it in 1881, resumed its true role, becoming, furthermore, Historical Land- mark No. 367 in the State of California, on a sunny afternoon in 1954. D. 4

——

SUMMER 1954

65

CISTUS AND ITS RESPONSE TO FIRE

Louts B. MARTIN AND Mrs. MARCELLA JUHREN

IN TIME to come, species of Cistus or Rock Rose” may be added to the chapar- tal flora of the Angelus National Forest. Recent experiments at the Arboretum in- dicated that certain species of this genus

0 not burn readily.

readily than native chaparral. It has been observed that massed plantings of certain Species in the path of a fire, have checked or markedly slowed its progress. Such a planting might add to the effectiveness of re breaks, Unfortunately, there are few species which are of known value in this espect.

the search for plants suited to the existing 8'owing conditions of the mountain slopes and which might reduce the fire hazard. be the suggestion of Dr, Seibert, Mr. T. o CGah burned leafy branches cut from ‘tl0us species of plants known for their rought tolerance and ease of propagation ath giak The Cistus selections seemed promising. A larger field trial was ‘ranged, to be followed by other studies. MarTerias AND METHODS

T Experiment 1: Field Burnin g of Cistus. Wo t . .

& : my Arboretum (Fig. 1). Straw to a . si 1 foot was placed around and Nder each bush to be burned. One bush

(F lace on Jan. 4, 1954 '8. 2). There was a light $.W. breeze

or updraft, estimated at about 6 mph. The re residue was left under each bush. Table 1 lists the Cistws species used under controlled burning plus other data ob- served subsequent to the burning. Experiment 2; Field Vegetative Propa- gation. To observe the growth of Cistus

tus, C. laurifolius, C. monspeliensis, and C. purpureus. The seedlings were moved to the USFS Flood Control nursery after six weeks, and there replanted in separate containers for further growth. Subse- uently, under the supervision of Mr. Juhren, these plants were moved to their permanent site on the west-facing slope of Lannon Canyon earth dam, Arcadia, California.

Experiment 3: Fire Break Seeding. To h of

|- lowing species were seeded along the edge of a fire n the Lux Arboretum Annex at Clamshell Canyon, Monrovia,

var. maculatus, C. laurifolius, C. mon- Speliensis, C. purpureus, and C. salvifol- ius. This seeding was made in Jan., 1954. Again, the only water supplied was that from rainfall.

RESULTS

Field Burning of Cistus—The extent of burning on all bushes ranged from 10 to 100%, (Table 1). The bushes did not

subside soon after the main body of the

66 LASCA straw had burned. The estimate per cent of burn shows that no two bushes of the same species were effected equally by the fire.

e emergence of seedlings under the burned bushes was extremely interesting

cies. The asterisk, Table 1, indicates those species. The number of seedlings of other species was obtained by estimation follow- ing the count of a 4 section of the area under the bush. The number within the parentheses indicates the number of plants

About the time of seedling emergence, some of the burned bushes were observe to be sprouting close to the ground. Those species in which this observation was made are is by a (+) in the last column

f Table

Field oe Propagation—Germi- nation of these Cistus species at the Ar- boretum while in the flats was very goo The moving of the seedlings to the USES nursery and then to the dam site was suc- cessful. At the oo time, the plants are growing well; however, it is too early to make ies as to their value in the field.

Fire Break oe ae amount of germination has not been up to expecta- tions. C. ladaniferus, C. purpureus, and

LEAVES

C. albidus with 21, 50, and 50 seedlings

lings, four months after sowing the seed, indicate that emergence occurred rather recently. It will be necessary to observe these plants for another year before their ability to establish themselves under such conditions can be determined.

might be caused by several factors such as, (1) the effect of heat on the seed itself,

duced may serve to abso

Accordingly, seed et were ne under

the following conditio

. In pots with cover gr mature Crstus leaves.

. In sti with cover of burned Crstus leav

—

N

. In nee with cover of aa . In pots with cover of Cha . In covered glass adie with and without charcoal. 2 pln a dishes in light and n dark

eae all a eonibions may also be affected by temperature, repetitions will be made throughout the rt and the re- sults published at a later date

WB Qe

aN

The Cistus species used and other data subsequent to their burning under the condi- nt 1

TABLE 1. tions described for Experime

AVERAGE NO. SEEDLINGS BENEATH SPECIES HEIGHT % BUSH STUMP SPECIES IN FEET BURNED UNBURNED BURNED — SPROUTING _ 2 50-75 185(1)* 2531 (2)* _ G, reese > 50 (1) 1263 (1) aa C. crispus 2 25-95 6(1) 3255 (5) a &. stata us 3 25-50 83.(1)* 1439 (2)* - C. hirsutus, var. acutifolius 2 50-100 2 (2) 145 (2)* Me C. ladaniferu 4 75-100 1045 (1)* 950 (2)* £F é Lateadices var. albiflorus 2 10-100 0 (1) 0 (2 Ei C. laurifolius 2 25 31 (1) 183 (2)* + c howepelcuits z 00 165 (1)*. 294.¢1)? wae C. purpureus 2 20-80 50 (1)* 720 (2)* zp

SN

SUMMER

1. gpd Le rared in West Acres before burning. n-burned (control) C/stus crispus, no note seedlings qusmced around base of bush.

Fig species, Fig C. crispus,

Besa

‘i First, a yw eee ch not catch fire readily nor did they sus- € once the main blaze of the litter hele: Second, Cistus seeds germi- nated ne spear well following the isa se two characteristics along with trough tolerance are paramount for Plants to be ine in reforestation of our areas subject to

Me wie ely ue after burning and Pte stablishment by seed and transplants urther adds to the desirability of using 1Stus to increase the permanence of the

& 5 1 Eh

1954 67

urning of selected C/stus 3

eae seedlings in heavy leaf mulch. Fig.

flora on our southern mountain slopes. Cistus, a native of Asia Minor, $.W. Eu- rope, anc frica, grows within a range of snaditions which would seem to insure

its success here.

Epitor’s Note: The co gr ume ores: its appreciation to Mr. Gustaf Juhr f Silvi- culturist, USFS for his afta ee inter-

in this program; and to Mrs. Marcella

uhren for her volunteered services in carrying

out the tedious job of counting the Cistus seed- lings and for her assistance with phases of the other experiments ru gene here. Special men- tion should be made of the assistance given by the Arcadia Fire Department in standing by with it equipment, a precautic

nary measure bts the expetiactital binaivies of the Crstus

plant

68 LASCA LEAVES

4

Daylily display border along road

1e foot of Tallac

i eS 4 ey"

i: % a OF PED F he Se - Knoll, Los Angeles State and County

at tl Arboretum, Arcadia, California. Courtesy of same.

PROGRESS OF THE DAYLILY TEST GARDEN AT THE LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM W. QUINN BUCK

IN THE FALL of 1950 a large number of Hemerocallis species, hybrid varieties, and seedlings were moved to the Arboretum from the University of California at Los Angeles. These represented plants ob- tained from many sources, together with seedlings selected from larger popula- tions. These were intended to be the basic material for a daylily test garden and for further breeding and research.

During the last three winters a con- siderable part of these plants, together with new accessions, has been set out in the permanent test garden area just west of the Coach Barn on the Arboretum

grounds. At the present time there are

some 270 clones in the ground, planted in triangular groups of three clumps of each clone, with a large number yet to be moved or to be obtained from daylily growers. When single plants are obtained, it is Our practice to propagate them before putting them in the test garden. 3 The species collection is now fairly complete, inclusive of all except the raf- est. Two clones of Hemerocallis flava, the Lemon Daylily, which are believed true, are being grown and should prove ie) special interest since this species is com- monly confused in our California gare dens. It seems to be adapting itself some: | what satisfactorily to our mild winters)

CMR A

Piette SP EW et 1S he ie EER or NE ea em pole nn, prt IIIS

SUMMER 1954 69

and is now carrying seed pods. H. minor is a bit more resentful of our winter tem- peratures, but it does flower moderately well. H. middendorffi, H. dumortieri, H. thunbergi, H. citrina, H. aurantiaca, H. aurantiaca major, H. multiflora, H. for- resti, and most of the forms of H. fulva, are now in one of the long display beds. Prominent in the Arboretum collection are hybrid varieties developed in his work

entific daylily breeding and introduction.

her breeders well represented include H. P. Sass, Dr. Hamilton P. Traub, H. M. Russell, Mrs. Thomas Nesmith, and Carl Milliken. There are also clones from Carl

a seedlings are included in the plant-

g.

For the most part, the many varieties ro growing satisfactorily, in spite of the act that the soil is extremely uneven in

quality because of the leveling and grad- e . Some few varieties have

the co During the past winter a serious infestation o ids was also noticed in the collection, as well as else-

lilies have been thought to be free of this insect pest. Present plans are to fill the remainder

own gardens.

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

brary and Pilon 9 and he eS : t : n San Mesincy, allery and Botanical Gardens

— $=) BS a “5 r= — 4 Pp an 3 b-~) a. om 5° it) nm las > oO > “§ = oO ov aI 3

ay gd to other Unit groups in the country. i had her first

Mid reg covered in : ‘ :

ip 3 consideration of it as a fossil speci-

jeeps ape seedlings of this species, Meta-

8 ali yptostroboides, are thriving at the

dane m ie test plots were another € of keen interest.

’

mellia gardens, and finally s color-laden test

c momento of the afternoon. From a release by Mary B. Darrow, Recording Secretary, So. Calif. Unit, H.S.A. * * *

H. Assistant Head, Plant Introduction

Section, United States Department of Agricu

ture, Beltsville Maryland, visited the Los An

geles State and Count during the p

rbore r conferences regarding the plant introduction aspects of the Arboretum. “tr eee

Early in May the Arboretum received visits from Professor Guiseppe Martinoli, Instituto

70 LASCA

a Universita, —— Italy; Dr. T. M of B BT Sci

Tadros, Professo tany, Faculty

ence, Unive rsity of Risin Egypt, and M

Eugene Nasir, Gordon College, Rawalpinl est Pakistan. These gentlemen, o of

came Gardens of Southern California, ys

visit e University of California Botanica

eaten in Los Angeles, Rancho se a

Botanic Garden in Claremont, the

ton Botanical Gardens, and Earhart Laboratory

at the California Institute of Techitio log

The Annual May seg of the American

Begonia bag rd Glendale Branch, announces its ee s May 26th—too early for inclusion

aves’, rg issue C a b for a — Sylvia atherman is

e speaker, an ne ne d to pe in ‘thee favorite pape attire. Booths, plants, and refreshments feature

GROWING NOTES GEORGE H. SPALDING If you are looking for a low shrub for a

in the open ground. The plants are very igre and only moderately compact.

oliage is a good medium green pre- acta a good eas at all times. Plants four years old are about 4” in diam- eter and about 1-11/’ pa No difficulty has been experienced in growing them from seed, which germinated in thirty

se Australia has given us several very worthwhile v

eful ornamental.” ae @ irae | in one year from ay has made a vine 9’ high with a spread of about 6’. It is planted along our chain link ; where it has reached the top and a little

LEAVES j

more (9’). It provides only a moderate | screen but indications are that it will be- come quite thick if it survives a few

winters. Its — is somewhat in | sapphire since on

grow it ended in Stade during 1950. — ot those plants were very young — and the winter was sppesaree severe. Ky

id: is a mass of dark red pea-_ shaped flowers at this writing (June 1) — month; it shows no

ing and use cart care and should germinate in a ~

wee K. nigricans is similar to K. rubicundda but is more vigorous. Our plants of this 5 a are three years old and have topped o fen gone 10’ or more into —

ss. flowers are black with a small yellow soak on the keel. Of the two species K. migri- cans, so far, appears to be the more vigor- ous grower and K. rubicunda the more | ornamental. .

Melaleuca cordata will probably never | attain popularity as a landscape subject. It

diameter and very attractive. germinate in three weeks to a month. This — Melaleuca is not as easy to grow as most — of the genus. Why, we do not know. It: appears that drainage in the containers is | one critical factor. For the plant com — noisseur this is a worthy subject.

BOOK Howarp AsPER La Canada, Calif. History of the Rose by Roy E. — Sores York: The Mica Gs Co. 263 $4. “History of the Rose’ is primarily : io ook for rose-growing specialists and hybridists; but

REVIEW

_ “s ie Beachy! a book for - deci e€ are many Freely admitting that the history 0 Ros s been mightily confused over the cen” stg aes Pave lapses, Mr. Shepherd still

SUMMER 1954 71

takes the threads in his expert hands me comes forth with a sound and definitive volum rose, it seems, has been a oor of

orth Am ancestors of the D.A.R. Sa specimens in )

least t ae million years, quite a while

s for the cultivation of the rose, there i some evidence, writes Mr. Shepherd, “that roses were cultivated by the an oun civilizations of China, western Asia, and no n Afric he 000

rs x a sie

>

u tus stated that roses compos d of 60 setae were i

re grown in the gardens of as the year 300 B.C., Theophrastus described the roses of that era as having from 5 to 100 petals

sions. “Comm ercial rose ed aes was most extensive in Rom After the fal « a the oats Empire the rose was neglected except perhaps in a few mon- e :

h rab Empire extended from India to Spain, and roses from various 8 were ager) to the sorrow of the historia € rose as a eoedlicitiel remedy for many ills i oo by Pliny the Elder, who men- €

In England, the Houses of York and Lan. War (1455. a fought a fierce civil w

| of the Roses—when the House of York

| wore a white rose as a Sade and the Hou . of Lancaster aredr rose.

- ta ntents’’ of tory of the 3

be ive the ila a oe a Sie ie

what he expect. The twelve chapters are

‘Gen of

American Re Roa “Rugo ne ure and _ their Scotch, rae Yellows—Aus Persian, and a ae ee Perpeta Is,” “The Hy- h “The Polyant rh sty is a Bibliography; also a age <item In- _and an of Ros . There are

ography and color Bena all the lusation are in black and white. Seems odd

Sis peers h ry chapter, called ‘‘Genera : ra: Mr. Shepherd lists many persons an € world who have been important in the

a

Ra Lammerts whose latest contribution Ch. velopment of the 1 America Tysler lenient Rose at Descanso Gardens.

CALENDAR The Annual on mmer Shade Plant Ps

ill be he vay 31st gust Ist, Is Doors will be open to the public on Saturday to 10 p.m. unday from

. to p.m. an 1 a.m. to 10 p.m. The show will be held in the rth end of the main building at the beautiful, spacious ae wood Turf Club in Inglewood, Ca " ne oe displays will be entered in competi-

n Fuchsia Society. hese exhibits will occupy approximately 300 square feet eac , and will e

humber’ sein Beene procedures, new prod- ucts, and advi A nominal aicission fee is charged; parking without charge in the extensive parking area From a release by Loren Padiotae Show Chairman * * American Bestinis Society—Pasadena Branch: regular meetings of the year conclude with June meeting, the 3rd Monday, 7:30 p.m

n Kerl a “Begonia Growi Pains, n of basic cultural s

Il summer seslines will be Pot Luck picnics July 24, m., tting demonstration will be given at €0 ty) n's, 1320 Ramona Road, Arcadia, dinner following has 8 ; i I be at Col

dM le’s, o. San Rafael Ave

an s. C. M. Gale's, 40 No.

Pineex Septem mber 18, the branch will meet at Oakhurst, Arcadia, in the gardens of James Giridlian.

* * * Southern California a Society: further meetings until November. Details a November es to ooh in autumn issue of Lasca Leat

Plant Societies: peas note a this column is designed to keep our readers posted on a meeting dates of hortcult ral and botanical or- povtee ders in the Los Angeles area basin: ar

ods ed by spring, summer, autum inter issues of Lasca ves. Press dates are h arch, June, September, and e ret t the dates of issue in April July, October and January. Data required ficial me of organization, meeti date, place of meeting, (subjec nouncement op- tional), an of responsible for

o Caiisuis hibore um Foundation, Inc., Ar- cadia, Calif.

vr: LASCA

BOOK NOTES

zalea Handbook. oe ioe’ 3.00 -to-dat

s and , Royal Horticul- i on. 1950. Report of a 9

k of Crocus and Colchicum. E. 52. Discussion of each of he imei oma with popular keys. Freesia The "Cultivated — es ae Freesia. N. Sennels. Copenhagen. Culture, pro- Sha diseases and brief history of the

bot Fruit pce estern eat Gardening. Reid M ooks hate Claron O. Hesse. University of Califor. nia Press, Berkeley, 1953. A handbook for he home gardener on fruit amnion climatic require-

fruits as carissa, cherimoya, = — uav jujube, papaya, white sapote, e House Pl oe lants Indoors. C. R. Boutard. Putnam Lond 1953. 18s. our Indoor Plants from Aspidistra to Zalacca. Juliana Crow. Ebb nfeld and Nicolson, London. 1952. d. Two more volumes on house any Idaho and Nevada: lora of Idaho ay is. Wm rown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 1952. A nical manual of the native flora of the state Plants for Southern Nevada. John : ley, Ww

ervice, Univers

A mimeog ey ieae 6 on recom mended ornamentals.

Roses: Buch der Rosen. Dietrich by nace Frauen feld, sheen 1951. A bo no bg use

and culture of roses for amateu pro-

Geile, eane sith poeple ae prints

) ON oo

i. Ses J. Horace McFarland Co _ A uniform descriptive list ae ne roses in sino e€ or of sak eae or bot cal importance. ed pocennine

in with the a Rose Society. Santa abit Flor.

AF of Santa “Barbara. Clifton F. “on

roiiebe got Botanic ea bate ar- bara, Californ 1952. Ana ated porn rot i native and caecatied genes

Sou Protected ‘wit lela bed ies Cape Prov- ; 2, 1 pues he Provicgiel wise a 6d. each. bra aul ed as of Sou yes wild ‘te The Woody Plants of the Bechuanaland

LE

So

Spe

re

Miscellany

AVES

ee . ae African bee . , Par ape Town. —

age ge any. Vol. 1952. Check list with bviet Necenpuans

uthwest:

Flowers of the southwest mountains. Leslie

P. Arnberger. 1952.

Flowers of we la deserts. Natt N.

Dodge. ed. 2.

“il of Speaved mesas. Pauline M. traw. ed. oa.

Thee popular booklets available at

$1.00 t Monuments Asso-

aw Gila Pueblo, Globe, Paesel with line drawings by R. Janish.

oS

Jeanne Yuccas of he Southwest. John M. Nie U.S.D.A. Agriculture Mon nograph No.

en oe Culture, economic uses and a

matic ea pe Cultiva ae a dy snthemu, Ulmer, a ord Rhoxiodendron G nn.

Marggraf and

Stuttgart Joha Ber,

gen es, Staal

: ; G.q

H. Jacob

Mesembryanthemaceae. O. H. Eugen eae Stutt-

Volk, and H. Herre.

gart.

her books for eur discussing the spec

en cu a re and propagation, pests

oS ease

the professional and the ies and cultivars, a

nd

Native Trees of Australia. J. =" su : Whitcomb and Tombs, Melbourn new | and phar ealsor edition of a ul ica 4 00 Trees of the Western Pacific Regio Hugo West Lafayette, Indiana TOD. mm trees a the w he adjacent ae mainland. with line ings. . Southern California Edison Company, eles. 1954. A free leaflet with ed tree planting lists yar various climatic areas in southe a rnia. Illus- trated with many color sis

and Illus- trated

Gi cen Woody Vines for the Southern Great Plains. pager Farmers’ Bulletin No. 2015. 1950

Ornamentals Shrubs ae the Southern Great Plains. Farmers’ Bulletin No.

2025. Si. ; Ornamental Hedaes Bp the Southern Great E Plains. USS. mers’ Bulletin No.4 205); 1955. 15c. Three bulletins summarizing results of ie plants. Useful i a d areas of Californ

Plant Diseases The arbo - ‘of Agricul,

Washington . Ana

et k. lishing Company, Men ark,

1954. $2. 95. An up- ee aatibook for all gardeners MILDRED MATHIAS ©

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

PROACH 60 oC i ee sa ee SAMUEL AyRES, JR. Vite PredenBe ous ie ee Mrs. Harry J. BAUER Mitet¥esdetl oc. ooe ee ROBERT CASAMAJOR Lean oe 5 eK a eee Howarp A. MILLER

RALPH D, CORNELL Mrs. JOHN R, MAGE

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN SAMUEL MOSHER

JOHN ANSON Forp Mrs, RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS

J. D. FUNK HAROLD F. ROACH

WILLIAM HERTRICH Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER

LIONEL Louis HOFFMANN | HENrRy C. Soto

CHARLES S, JONES FRANK E. Titus

JOHN C, MACFARLAND Frirs W. WENT

HONORARY TRUSTEES

FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Mrs. WESTON WALKER MANFRED MyYBERG

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF

RUSSHEL | SRIBERT ee en ee GEORGE EL, SEALING 620 i) ae Superintendent Lous Bo Maan i ae Plant Physiologist W. Qn i a ropagator }. THOMAS MOG ME TS ee a P. der Dawa Bi NaLsGns (55 oie a Historical iia THELMA G. BANGS, 43

JANET Whicny 3 Ge Research and Library (pat "time)

MEMBERSHIPS

Annual Associate Membership. .... 6.0... 0.0 seers cence ees $ 5.00 Annaal Meiners os is esis oe 10.00 Annual Contributing Memberships con 66.4 sk ve 25.00 Annual Sustaining Mem OOD Co os ce cw eae ee ee 100.00 Annual ene: MECINDERND 5 < enc A ales eae bae eh ex ee 250.00 Life ners BID ani ee Fae Seen ee be Sis eee 500.00 Povitiders ou ho es aa $1,000.00 or more Se ae j plehwau'c Pape Sees et cen 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

LASCA LEAVES

The official publication of the Southern California Horticuitural Institute and the California Arboretum Foundation, In

Sponsors of LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER PHitip A. MUNZ WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Garden Northern California ELizan BETH oe Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K. Mu aaa eeiicinin Abas B. cs oN Se AR i a trae te Ue Uae eo ag:

Landacape Design... ios... 5) ieee eb ecee RALPH

Taxonomy of Exotics Taxonomy of Natives

\ Geanat fan) a \ Ly, a

Pe SE RE ee eee ETT Re reer

PY SEE EE ne SAS See Pee Pe LEN or ee ene eS a See Rae ee Nae

: é s ‘ é

Lasca Leaves

ON Soap eecevE,% OCT? & OH

AUTUMN 1954 Vol. IV, No. 44

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1954

eT IT ee See NO ete ae aa Frep W. ROEWEKAMP Vice-President and Secretary... .....ece eevee RONALD B. TOWNSEND FLOP ad 4 AR eae atROL SSP LES UR ROL A PA Sa KENNETH BISHOP

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C, EVERETT MANCHESTER BoDDYy EARLE E. HUMPHRIES HowarbD BODGER MILDRED E. MATHIAS Puitip EpwARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND

RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL ROBERT CASAMAJOR MANFRED MEYBERG Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HuGH Evans Roy F. WiILcox MEMBERSHIPS Hittin! MAGEE os eae a ene ie a ee ee $ 5.00 year CCURNPY OR ANE gn oa oe vin a es ea ee aa ete 5.00 year Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year Contribution Member. sycs0s% 5 dses sed ioreen ts 25.00 year Cominetcial Meier io scix 0s soca ea eaw ene nes 50.00 year PSEC REET ic ick sl da aie ak comes en Pee 50.00 year EJTe WCIICISAGY iso aes ne So ve eRe ee 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class.

MEETINGS: 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 7377 Santa Monica Boulevard Fiesta Hall of the Community Building

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

AUTUMN 1954

Lasca Leaves

VoL. IV AUTUMN, 1954 No. 4

CONTENTS Theodore: Paynes cov ote on ee Philip A. Munz Vabebuta umbellala 0S its ol ee a R. J. Seibert The History and Parentage of Zinnia Cultivars. . . Richard M. Beeks Bud. Moteg.4 4 05. .4.cvaeu etait an chee eee Cultivation of WMeteseguoit |, ci ewan: Maunsell Van Rensselaer

Australian Counterpart of the American Agave and Furcraea William Hertrich

Cal-Poly: Practical Contributions to Horticulture. . Howard S. Brown Excerpt from “‘Frondes Agrestes’’—John Ruskin. ............... Los Angeles Beautiful................. Mrs. Valley M. Knudson Growing MGM 5) haa a ss George H. Spalding Cover Picture: MAGNO A MAM ODBIN 6 oi wee eee ® Quotation, From “'Patterns of Survival. ... . John Hodgdon Bradley Calendar eo ee oa ees» Names, Motes: Naga oooh ee Bi eae es se clk ook FOVOW: pe he oe Sak Lib o>

\orreckions 00) tec, ae a OE a ee ea

Theodore Payne ee Ae i ee a ee Zinnia violaces:. Wate Bac. Ora os es Diagram: Fig. 1: Zinnia Cultivars and species to 1919........... Spear Lily (Doryanthes Palmeri W. Hill).........0.. 00000000: Kigelia pinnata: original scratchboard sketch... ..... A. C. Hottes Campus: California State POV OE CEE 5 eh ev ecw s

86 89 91 ae

LASCA LEAVES

THEODORE PAYNE

a tribute to Theodore Payne, plantsman and gentleman

ish ele et pe pee

-

AUTUMN 1954 75

THEODORE PAYNE

PHiLiep A. MUNZ

It Is universally said that Theodore Payne has done more than any other individual t

Mr. Payne tells me that real interest in the use of natives began in 1915. You will remember that was the year of the expositions in San Francisco and San Diego. To have something for visitors in its own area Los Angeles ap- pointed a committee of 100 to develop various things for them to see. Amon

these and largely as a result of the efforts of Mr. Payne, there was created in Exposi- tion Park a native garden which contained Over 250 species. This planting attracted much attention and received considerable publicity. School children were brought to see it and visitors came thou- sands. Many left with the wish to grow some of these plants at their own homes only to find that they were for the most part unavailable at nurseries. In fact, in Southern California about the only place _ where they could be obtained was Payne's Nursery.

This interest in the wild plants of Cali- fornia began as a hobby with Mr. Payne and for many years remained an entirely unprofitable one financially. But it was a natural one for an English boy brought up in a Quaker family, the mother of which loved wildflowers. She taught her son to know them from his early child- hood, not only so that he could recognize them but he knew their haunts. Born June 19, 1872 at Manor Farm, Church Bramp- ton, Northampshire, and growing up in the country, young Theodore had his own garden from an early date and it was soon settled that of the six boys in the family

€ was to be a horticulturalist. taught at first by a governess in the home and later at the Ackworth School in York- shire, where there was a flourishing natu- tal history society. Theodore was the secre- tary of the botanical section at the same

time that the president was a boy with the surname Rowntree. This boy was a cousin of the husband of Lester Rowntree who later made the name so well known in California horticultural circles.

After three yedrs at Ackworth, Theo- dore was apprenticed for a term of three years to J. Cheal & Sons, Lowfields Nur- series, to learn their business. He worked from seven in the morning until six at

first year received the magnificent sum of five shillings a week. But the training was very complete, going into every phase of horticultural work then available, in- cluding office work as well as propagation, seed business, nursery practice and land- scaping. Altogether, he was with this company for four and one-half years. He then came to America and headed for California, stopping in Chicago for the World’s Fair. There he had his twenty- first birthday. His first job in California was to pick apricots.

He soon contacted a nurseryman who got for him a job as gardener at Madame Modjeska’s ranch in Santiago Canyon in Orange County. His training and interest were of course in the nursery business, but he found his three years at Modjeska’s of

many interesting people who came to visit Modjeska in her summer vacations, among

got out the catalogues. he became manager. He went to Europe in 1897 and again in 1903, visiting not only England but leading nurseries and seedsmen in many countries on the conti- nent. He established connections that proved of great value to him afterward; for on returning to Los Angeles in 1903, he went into business for himself.

76 LASCA He purchased a nursery and lease at 440 So. Broadway that had been founded in 1890 by H. A. Brydges and had been taken over in 1892 by Lyon and Cobbe. Payne bought it from Hugh Evans. Here he carried on a general seed and nursery business, specializing in flower, tree (es- pecially eucalyptus), shrub and other seeds, of which he had the most complete assortment in the West. Now began his

Germain told him he was foolish to spend his time and money on them. In fact the rest of the business had to carry them. For years he sold great quantities of eu- calyptus seed ; his record book shows items like a single order for 125 pounds of seed of E. globulus and 400 pounds of Wash- ingtonia filifera, as well as large amounts of Cobaea, Grevillea, etc. These orders came largely from European and Eastern firms.

Mr. Payne says that at that time there were few nurseries outside of Los An

central clearing house, other nurserymen listing their stock with him. Thus he sold in one year five carloads of citrus trees in Ventura Co., and in another, five in Sacra- mento Valley.

In 1907 Theodore Payne married Alice Noyes, a native daughter, whose grand- father had come to California in a sailing vessel. Mrs. Payne taught school for some years. Everyone who knows Mr. Payne well is acquainted also with his friendly and charming wife, since for almost half a century they have appeared together at all public and social functions in a rela- tionship that may well serve as a model of mutual understanding and partnership.

During the early years Mr. Payne sold seeds of California natives wholesale in the East and Europe, but there was no local demand until 1909, at which time he had an exhibit in the Pasadena Flower Show and got out a little Catalogue of wildflower seeds. Then local interest really developed after 1915 and his hobby gradually became his business, allowing him to go almost exclusively into work

LEAVES 1 with natives. He has brought into culti- vation about 430 species, some of which had been introduced into European gat- dens long before, but not locally. Many of these have not remained in the trade. — He introduced the Arizona Cypress about — 1909, having an order for 10 pounds of © seed from Thomas Meehan in the East. A_ man collected 40 pounds for him and _ Payne gradually sold this. The next year — he had an order from France for 100 —

Among other introductions were Lupinus Paynei in 1919, Fremontia mext-— cana in 1919, Berberis Nevini in 1920, — Ceanothus cyaneus in 1922, Cupressus Forbesii in 1935. Other introductions Of” re-introductions that were less local were Tithonia speciosa in 1918, Aquilegia | longissima in 1929, Pike Sapote in 1926.

No small part of his work has been plan- ning estates and grounds. Among these

Pasadena and that o : Knight of Santa Barbara of which he had charge for nine years. With Ralph Cornell he did a large mass of native planting ong the Pomona College campus about 1924.

Mr. Payne has received many honors and much recognition for his horticultural activity as evidenced by some of the a cles written about him and his work: Si

— =

NOS GALE Sah Mes

SST EIR EA Risa Ge St, See

al

AUTUMN 1954

Horticultural Institute. And so now, it is a pleasure to be able to record a bit of the

ye

ern Californians aware of some of the beauty that Nature placed in their state in the way of native plants. He has taught them how to use them. Here is a greeting and tribute to Theodore Payne, plantsman and gentleman.

TABEBUIA UMBELLATA

Tabebuia umbellata (Sond.) Sandw., Lilloa 14:136. 1948. (Tecoma umbellata Sond.), in Linnaea 22:562. 1849; Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, Pt. 2: 299° 1897.

_To our knowledge this is the first spe- aes of Tabebuia to meet with some de- Stee of tolerance to southern California winters, at least in the past two relatively mild seasons,

T. umbellata, “Ipé Amarelo,” a native of southern Brazil, is a small to medium

he the young plant is Vety characteristically dichotomous. In the axis of each forking branch and in the one position, the flower buds form in ate summer and autumn. The leaves on

, Two young plants were received by the tboretum from Evans and_ Reeves ; ursery in October, 1950, and accessioned fe under our number 50-S-1632. One of the plants grown at the Ar-

of southern California. Of the species found in Central American, West Indian and northern South American regions, we

beautiful genus among flo from the southernmost limits of its natural distribution in South Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.

On his recent trip to that part of South America where Tabebuias are found, Dr. Ayres was able to send us seed of six other species which will be tested and carefully watched.

For those readers who may be inter- ested in seeing illustration of T. umbel- lata, as well as several other comparative species, reference is made to the charming ‘Album Floristico,” published by the Min- isterio da Agricultura, Servico Florestal, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1940, where the species are referred to the genus Tecoma.

78 LASCA LEAVES

ZAINNIA VIOLACEA

,

ae i lnemenverddew ed

Plate I. A photographic reproduction of Zinnia elegans Sessé and Moc. Cav.) from an early lithograp in Cavanilles (1791). The wy eee was ntroduction of this species into Eur

(synonym, published soon

abe

ee ee a ee tee ee ee op ne

7. violat ‘ a he

TET 2 al eee Pe PMR Lora ce ns

TT eee

Se

bill

AUTUMN 1954

79

THE HISTORY AND PARENTAGE OF ZINNIAS IN MARCH

RICHARD M. BEEKS

SEVERAL authors have attempted to classi- fy Zinnia cultivars' into specific, isolated packages. C. F. Poole gathered them into four groups using doubleness as a lone criterion (“USDA Yearbook” 1937). L. H. Bailey (1925) arranged them accord- ing to variableness of size. Though the discontinuities may have existed in 1925 and 1937, no such separable units can be distinguished today. From the smallest single to the largest double there now exists a continuous gradient of both size and doubleness.

Though the economic importance of the Ornamental annual, Zinnia, is a fact tha has been widely publicized, of the basic

Cr

the past. As a result of this investigation, an attempt has been made to classify the modern Zinnias into natural, ancestral groups.

The Zinnia cultivars probably have been derived from five basi below, Fig. 1

sustfolia, (C) the hybrid= 9 Z. elegans Nat 2 angustifolia; the reciprocal cross, (D) the species Z. linearis. To ay, how- ‘ver, one cannot state that any of these rginal ancestral stocks, with the excep- oi of (D) Z. linearis, have been re- dined without endless contamination from the other three.

$e

It sometimes becomes exceedingly dif- ficult to know which previously intro- duced forms have been used in the velopment of new cultivars. Undoubtedly, plants of the ‘Giant Mammoth’ strain (see below), as well as those of hybrid ances- try have been utilized repeatedly in Zinnia breeding ; however, since the pedigrees of the progenies were not recorded, the source of their inheritance is now ob- scured,

The most recent cultivar shown in Figure 1 is ‘Giant Dahlia,’ 1919. Nearly all of the basic variation present in today’s cultivars had been selected by that date.

ps

A) Z. ELEGANS—Shortly after the late eighteenth century introduction of the purple Z. e/egans into the Royal Gardens of Madrid, the species produced viable seed. In 1796, Professor Casimiro Go- mez Ortega, Director of the Botanical Gardens of Madrid, forwarded seed to the Marchioness of Bute (Andrews 1797). Before long this New World curiosity was distributed throughout the gardens of

urope.

From 1796 to 1829 the species exhibited little apparent change in form or color. In 1829 a scarlet form, Z. elegans ‘Coc- cinea,’ was introduced, and its segregates produced flowers of variable colors (Focke In spite of the color diversity which ‘Coccinea’ had introduced, there

place, Zinnia propagation was difficult in Northern Europe’s humid, cool climate. Secondly, horticulturists had not been successful in replacing the wild, single form with a true double. In fact, it was

80 LASCA not until 1858, that the double Zinnia became a reality.

Some confusion has resulted from con- tradictory reports pertaining to the or- iginal source of the double Zinnia. “The Garden” (1895) is the Zinnia history reference most used by present day grow- ers. This journal cites the double Zinnia as having been introduced from the West Indies. On the other hand the publica- tion, “La Belgique Horticole,” (1861) established a prior record that is more complete. It asserted that the double Zin- nia seed was received by Carter and Hol- burn of England and Grazan, a horticul- turist of Bagneres, France, from a corres- pondent of the province ‘‘Oude,”” (Oudh), British India, in “Gartenflora’’ (1862) confirms the seed source. Vilmorin and Co. obtained seed from Grazan.

Gardeners’ Chronicle” (1860) re- ceived a shipment of cut double Zinnias from Vilmorin and Co., which was de- scribed as being very similar to the double “pompome chrysanthemum.” The flowers measured from two to three inches in diameter, and exhibited colors of “purple, deep rose, light rose, rose striped, red orange red, orange, buff, and various shades of these colors.’’ The rays displayed a metallic sheen.

The double form originally was given the title of Z. elegans ‘Flore Pleno.’ Ac- cording to Weddle (1945) later synonyms of this double are as follows: Z. ‘Pumila,’ Z. ‘Cut and Come Again’ and Z. ‘Cut and Come Again’ dwarf.

In 1874, Haage and Schmidt intro- duced a dahlia-flowered cultivar, Z. e/e- gans ‘Flore Pleno’ (“‘Gartenflora” 1874). Evidently this form did not become estab- lished at the time, for Bodger Seed Com- ’s ‘Giant Dahlia’ introduction in im portant trend in plant habit and flower form (Weddle 1945).

r. Lorenz of Erfurt, Germany, de- veloped the first ‘Giant Mammoth’ strain. It was released in 1886 under the exhaus- tive title of Z. elegans ‘Robusta Grande- flora Plenissima’ (“‘Gartenflora’” 1886)! The plants, which ranged from twenty- eight to forty inches in height, produced

flower heads measuring up to six inches

LEAVES

in diameter. The influence of the ‘Giant

serious the form has not become fixed; (2) the are only a few true colors offered. (We dle 1945). : Perhaps the forerunner of the moder ‘Giants of California’ was the flat-heade ‘Tagetes’ flowered cultivar. “Revue Hort cole” (1896) reported it as a new Frenc introduction.

under the name of ‘Frisé.) “Revue cole’ (1904) records ‘Frisé’ as hav been developed by Herb of France. Se eral other recent cultivars have utiliz this mutant by varying the habit of plant and the compositional form of t heads. 4 The ‘Cactus’ flowered Zinnia made its appearance in France in 1914 (“Rev Horticole” 1914). The rays are

the case of Z. elegans, the natural, sing ei flowered forms spread throughout the gardens of Europe as a New World cu

flora” 1871, 1872). Even though lat stock improvements have been introdu cultivars of this species have nevet beco extensively valued as garden subjects.

ee a, ee “a ae i ie - a eh a

iieinii

AUTUMN 1954

Weddle (1945) remarks that ‘Navajo’ or the ‘Gaillardia’ flowered cultivar “‘arose from crossing Z. elegans with Z, angusti- folia.” Evidence has not been found to substantiate this statement. “Revue Horti- cole” (1914) described ‘Gaillardia’ as a newly developed form but did not men- tion a possible hybrid parentage. The heads are larger than those typical of the species; however, this increase in size probably has come about by means of sev- eral mutations similar to those which may have produced Z. elegans ‘Robusta.’

(C) ELEGANS - ANGUSTIFOLIA HYBRIDS—The importance of Z. an-

parent. Focke

Parent in a cinea.’* Lillé obtained one “‘very florifer- ous” F, progeny and seventeen F,'s which

appeared

It should be noted that all of the above forms were smaller in habit and flower head than Z. elegans ‘Flore Pleno.’ The eee

"Records of the exact date of this cross have owever, it might be pos

81

question might be asked whether all of the dwarf Z. elegans cultivars received their diminutiveness from Z. angustifolia or whether the characterization has been derived partially from a Z. elegans dwarf mutant. So far there does not seem to be any complete answer to this question. Literature supplying substantial evidence of a elegans mutation warfness has not been found. Until such evidence comes to light, it may be assumed that the cultivars ranging between Z. elegans and

ancestry. The reciprocal cross of the ‘Dar- wini’ hybrid was accomplished in 1887 when Z. elegans ‘Alba Flore Pleno Tom Thumb’ became the cultivar hybrid of Q Z. elegans ‘Nana Flore Pleno’ x ¢ Z. angustifolia ‘Flore Pleno’ (‘‘Garten- flora” 1887). Supposedly this cultivar is composed of the largest flowers on the smallest plant, but so far this ideal has been attained only in a few individuals (Weddle 1945).

There are three small-flowered elegans- angustifolia cultivars whose ancestry and

cole” (1889) reported that Vilmorin in- troduced the new form ‘Lilliput.’ ‘Nains Pompons’ was developed by Ch. Molin of France and introduced by Vilmorin- Andrieux and Co. in 1892 (‘Revue Horti- cole” 1892), but Weddle (1945) claims ‘Pompon’ to be another ‘Lilliput.’ To

very small ‘Cupid’ has been found, there is a possibility that “Nains Lilliput’ was the prior name for this cultivar. The most recently recorded elegans- angustifolia hybridization occurred in rance in 1910. “Revue Horticole” (1910) reported that “a new race of

Except for this brief reference, the history of the group appears to be lost.

82 LASCA LEAVES

MODERN CULTIVARS MODERN CULTIVARS MODERN CULTIVARS -

; | d : Giant Dahlia’ 4 19 19 ie ‘ 4 A 4 C A eek d ‘ 4 he Hybrid Varié Ga pas . ‘Frisé . "Tagetes ; 1I89G . | Scabiosa , ee |

IB9 Nains Ll iput

N94

Nita Dexeparis IB92 ‘Lilliput 1889 *Robusta “Tom Thumb ee a 1887 | ‘Dahlia Sanur ‘Flore Pleno I874 1816 a7 | | ‘NanaFloré Pleno® = Recorded ‘Flore Pleno’ se fe ; line of inheritance i858 inearial Fs aha = Postulated a ‘ 638 line of inheritance Coceinea | ad Z. anoustifolia

Z. elegans i825 1(96#

. Diagram showing the date of origin and the line ot inheritance of Zinnia sien o species to IQ|O

(D) ZINNIA LINEARIS—The Mexi- grew, “hundreds of thousands of seed can species, Z. Jinearis, has remained in lings’ in search of henotypic vari cultivation since its English introduction which might be of horticultural vidual in 1838, without exhibiting any major grown, only two cases of variation We morphological variations. In Alipore, found, and these were color changes o' India, Percy-Lancaster (1944) annually minor importance.

: ts | |

AUTUMN 1954

homogeneity and non-contami-

Zinnias, n=12 (Beeks 1954)

Andrews,

p A Bailey, L. H. 1925

Covaniles = a8

Focke,

‘Cae eners’ Chronicle.”

Nat

1954, ies

bike “Florist. and ‘Pomoiogist.”

LITERATURE CITED H. 1797. Botanist’s Repository 1: ep:

Bese flee ae oe ed. 4-354

of Culti- t ae Clare- ‘ Note es “ig : 201-202, L7G. ca de Steed

1876: 2

8-30, fig. ie Pflanz Seis

i re 196. "Gebrider Romthact, Ber-

he Garden,”” 1895: 464

-465. 1860: 851-852.

BIRD

ional ence aphic bie as Volk 54, cy , 1954, offer

eal Personalities” a

Canada, under Canadian government au- thority.)

“Bluebirds on the Wing in Color’—Ber- nard Corby and H. R. Ivor. 16 sige a-

Birds at Smithsonian Instit tution, Washin on

io : Nature Magazin ne, Vol. 47, No. 5. May,

‘Eric oer ropene Top Nature

Photographer” —Jam er, who sug- ie that perhaps t hes re ie no such thing ‘the best nature photographer,” since

“Gartenflora.”’ 1862: 76-77. « ROLE

; oaGe : 45-46, fig. 4s 16:

: 80-83, fig. : 641-642, fig. 7: 641, fig.

*

ode of ee 1952 m oh eam hide 9 Chronica Bo-

tanica “International Code of ‘iain ee for Culti- Plants’ 1952. in W. T. Stearn. The

Row, ort. S Percy-Lancaster, S. 1 . ‘Improvements of Annuals in India. Indian Jour. of Hort

“Revue de L'Horticulture Belge.” 1894, 20: 153, pl. E “Revue Horticole.” 1889: 252-253, pl. 1892: 460. ———. 1895: 443 ———. 1896: 466 ——.. 1904:

904: 518 1910: 509. 510, fig. 214.

United sates Beak of Agric. 1937. Yearbook of Agriculture. Improvement of flowers by at ing. . 905-906. U. a Govt. Print- ing O Washington, D. C

Weddle, Chaies 1945. The clegant prea Nat. t. Mag., April, 1945: 83-

NOTES

the work - oe bing is on a par

“the brilliant ee Americans, er and Peterson,

w. Plebians’”” — E. urence

No ~

The A

conducts the School Page in Nature Mag-

azine.

—— n the above mentioned issue of a

ue publi shed G amera’’—Dr. thur nithologist at Co

en, _ Or-

az d by Gil- ; publishe ty a ogr j Illustrations include 3 from natural color photographs. $7.50 in U 5. and pos cnn: ari ke $7.75; postpaid,

84 LASCA LEAVES

CULTIVATION OF METASEQUOIA

MAUNSELL VAN RENSSELAER, Director Saratoga Horticultural Foundation

SIX YEARS have now passed since Meta- sequoia glyptostroboides, popularly known as the dawn redwood, was introduced into the gardens of North America. During this period, horticulturists have had an opportunity to wo

and arboreta in various parts of the Pacific Coast, and hundreds more are being planted each year.

The fascinating story of the discovery in China of the dawn redwood and its subsequent introduction in 1948 to North America and other parts of the world has been reported in many horticultural journ- nals and periodicals during the past few years. A recently published paper in Swe- den lists one hundred thirty-seven articles about the tree from eighteen countries, in fourteen languages.

Known previously only in the fossil record, this remarkable deciduous red-

circles by the chance discovery in 1944 of several hundred living representatives of the species in a vigorous, healthy condi- tion in a remote part of Szechuan Province in central China. Studies of fossil stems, leaves, and cones, some of which have been well-preserved, convince investiga- tors that this species was once widely dis- tributed over Asia an orth America. Now it is apparently confined, in remnant colonies, to a small area some 300 square miles in extent.

When Dr. E. D. Merrill, former Di- rector of the Arnold Arboretum in Mas-—

the outside world, some two quarts in 4 quantity, arrived at the Arnold Arboretum | in January, 1948. Seeds planted the day

they reached the Arboretum began to | germinate in less than two weeks. Later

in the same spring, Dr. Ralph W. Chaney, of Cali-

tributed throughout the world by the Arn- old Arboretum and by the Save-the-Red- woods League. Wherever the species has flourished under conditions of cultivation, it has proved to be a vigorous, fapicy | growing tree, at least in its youth; reports | of growth of three to four feet a year are — common. _ Of interest to western horticulturists 15° the dawn redwood differs

its leaves for several years. ‘awn ing in late autumn, the leaves of the daw? — redwood assume a bronzy hue.

are symmetrically arranged in OPP

Ane a ee Se a a

ee ee ee ee kis ee eS <n 9S a a SE To A ST OE ee

AUTUMN 1954 85

pairs with each pair standing at right angles to the pair below. 4. The ovulate cones of the dawn redwood are borne on long naked stems, while the staminate

Metasequoia has found the Pacific Coast to its liking. The tallest specimen in North America, according to Dr. Chaney, is in the garden of Mr. and Mrs. James R. Brehm, at Pasadena, California, growing on a sunny, moist, well-drained hillslope facing southeast. When planted in March, 1949, it was a fifteen-inch seed- ling. In September, 1952, it was measured

y Mr. Brehm and found to be twenty- four feet in height—an average seasonal growth of nearly six feet. During the next year, it increased only two feet in height so that in September, 1953, it was twenty-six feet tall. When I examined the tree in May, 1952, I found most of the gtowth to be upright, without normal lateral growth, so that it is much more slender than the average of its species, most of which

— is not so rapid as in California oo condition of slower growth will

Oubtless prove an advantage, with the Probability of more shapely trees. Fine

specimens, from five to ten feet tall, are growing in that region. Two of the 4- year-old specimens in the Hoyt Arbore- tum in Portland produced cones in 1952, and this is said to be the first fruiting occurrence of the species since its return to North America.

Within a few months after the germi- nation of the first seeds of Metaseguoia at the Arnold Arboretum, it was found that asexual reproduction of the species was possible. Since then, propagation by mon practice.

tings were taken in August, 1951, at the Saratoga Horticultural Foundation and placed in the propagating greenhouse in a medium of spongerok, without bottom heat. These began to root in less than three weeks and were potted in the fifth week. In one year, these vigorous plants

time from June August. the seed supply in this country has long been exhausted and since, under present conditions, it is impossible to obtain addi- tional seeds from China, it is indeed for- tunate that the dawn redwood may be re- produced vegetatively in quantity from the living specimens now on hand. In the interest of wider distribution of the spe- cies, it should be reported that the tree is listed by many nurseries throughout the United States.

Because of the probable ultimate size of cultivated specimens of dawn redwood, it is doubtful that the tree has a place in the average home garden. However, its fascinating history and potential educa- tional value, coupled with the widespread popular interest in its unique qualities, make it a valuable exhibition subject. Now that it is readily available, it should

86 LASCA be widely planted, preferably in groves, in public grounds and parks in all regions where it thrives. Deep loamy soil and ample moisture are desirable for healthy growth. Very little fertilizer is siseeré An example of the sort o mental plantation that should be Le some-

where in California is described in a re-

LEAVES

port of a single forest planting of some 2000 trees on a selected site in Great Britai

Pe The Saratoga Horticultural Founda-

, Saratoga, Calif., held its thir : annual

sia a ees ee on Sept. 25, 1954.

The Foundation, a poe Haro spe-

cializes in growing sleet pee of shade trees and native shrubs.

Spear Lily (Doryanthes Palmeri W. Hill)

AUSTRALIAN COUNTERPART OF THE AMERICAN AGAVE AND FURCRAEA

WILLIAM HERTRICH

The language of ancient Greece pro- vides derivation of the generic name of our subject, Doryanthes Palmeri W. Hill (Dory, " ’ anthos,'

native habitat. Doryanthes Palmeri belongs to the Am- aryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) and is re- lated to Furcraeas and Beschonerias, ome species of which are grown in the Hun

D. i is s flowere ed in

ington Botanical Gardens.

indigenous to Australia, and w for the first time as a iieied pay she oo Garden at Brisbane, in Sep-

sexilibie ent of thie Brisbane Garden, the plant on one of his botanical explora- tion trips in the year 1860 near Moreton Bay, Queensland.

~ *

_

YE Ot le Eh att NSE oA Ls aaa el a es ea

-

AUTUMN 1954

Another species, D. excelso Correa, less spectacular than D. Palmeri, preceded the former into cultivation, and was first de- scribed and illustrated in Curtis Botanical

t flo

r at the

ew from d’’—former name of Aus- tralia—in cut form many months before. This demonstrates the tenacity of the stock of the plant to retain life under most ad- verse conditions. A parallel case of such an instance is cited with regard to Yucca (flifera) australis, Curtis Botanical Mag- azine, t. 7197, 1891:

“The trunk was sent to Kew in October, 1888, by Mr. C. G. Pringle from Mon- terey, through Professor Sargent. When it arrived at Kew, it apepared to be quite dead, and the trunk was consequently

rosette of about one hundred leaves: of a 800d green color, surfaces ribbed, flexible,

ot inches maximum width, Sage from € center toward both ends, margins

87

smooth, no end spines.

he stock supporting the cluster of flowers reaches a height of from six to nine feet and is three to four inches thick. The crimson flowers, white within, form a rather compact inflorescence, and are

about two months. The plant is of con- siderable value in landscape work, in grouping with other foliage plants, or as single specimens, being especially attrac- tive for patio plantings

In southern California, Doryanthes grows well in various types of soil, and

luxuriant growth, leaves become longer and slightly broader and perhaps more numerous.

A third species, D. Guilfoylei, F. M. Bailey, perhaps a form of D. Palmeri, from North Queensland, known there as Queensland Lily, is described as being

up to nine feet long, flowers son, to four inches long, and yielding a ood fibre from its leaves.

References to these several plants, in addition to those cited above, may be found as follows:

D. Palmeri, Curtis Botanical Magazine, t. 6665, 1883: detailed description, refer- ences to other works, double page illus- tration.

D. Palmeri. Desert. 1931. Cover illus- tration and reference, p. 8.

. Palmeri, Gardeners’ Chronicle, NS Vol. I, Feb. 7, 1874, p. 181, figs. 44, 45.

D. excelsa, var. Guilfoylei, Gardeners’ Chronicle, Vol. XLV. Part I, June 12, 1909, p. 384, fig. 168, showing an in- florescence more like that of D. Palmer than of D. excelsa. Leaves in this illus- tration—i.e, fig. 168,—also appear to be slightly ribbed, although the description does not mention the fact.

88 LASCA LEAVES

| | } fi , !

» YY

= =

af, Oh, : en — a Y <—

ita (The Sausage Tree). Original Scratch 54 of Lasca Leaves (p. 51) featu

Soard by Alfred Cc. Hottes. red a brief paper, lia pinnata),” by Mildred

ler issue | ( ['rees in Southern California I. Th jvelia pinnata), Matl M Sketch is an especially worthy

A « Mathias. Mr. Hottes’s Scratchl posts

we

uid Liab Sloe aye: Maree WE ey iT ey ee rae Lee kee Lae Aim Cee th Oe ne Lee aie —

=

AUTUMN 1954 89

CAL-POLY Practical contributions to horticulture

Howarp S. BROWN

THE W. K. KELLOGG ranch at Pomona with its famous Arabian horses and en- joyable Sunday horse shows is known to Southern Californians and many others throughout the country. Visitors are fre- quently surprised to learn this is a college

. Kellogg Foundation in 1949. Approximately one air-mile away, near the town of San Dimas, is one of the most beautiful college campuses in the country. Home-like dormitories sur-

ry. The pur- pose of the college is to prepare students for Specific jobs within their realm o interest. The curriculum developed to at- tain this objective is somewhat unconven-

oo and been called side ae In essence it allows students to ake “‘doing’’ courses as freshmen, con-

years. Ample instruction in the practical Phases of the student's field are given during the first two years with the more advanced general courses being i

th

At whatever evel the student leaves Cal-Poly, he “atries with him skills that will enable

him better to earn his living. Of course, the further he goes the better prepared he will be. If he completes the paar program, completing all requirements set forth by the State Department of Educa- tion, the Bachelor of Science Degree is awarded.

The requirements of the job determine the educational experiences offered. " ” instruction is stressed.

ated by the students and finance college foundation. After producing a flower or vegetable crop or managing one of the college’s citrus groves, handling the sales, keeping records of costs and de- termining profit, a student has gained knowledge of the problems he will face in the future. This combination of “learn by doing’ and “earn while learning” philcsophies not only enables the student to earn while doing work directly related to his major academic interest, but also creates an added incentive for more rapid acquisition of further skills and knowl- edge to the end that the project will be more profitable. Earning is not limited to the project system alone, but extends to all possible campus jobs, gardening, main- tenance, farming, etc., enabling the stu- dent to work his way through college. After college the student starts work on a job with the confidence that comes from experience and ‘know how.”

The objectives of the Ornamental Horti- cultural Department are: to train men in the various skills and techniques for posi- tions in the growing, wholesaling and re- tailing phases of the nursery business and in the cut flower industry; maintenance

90 LASCA

gardening ; ‘ite and estate Kao ata landscape design and landscape contract-

ing. Two ith houses, hee Seana propagation house, design laboratory, two-acre nursery, one and one-half acres

of cut flowers and an extensive collection of plant material on both 3 ae and Voorhis campuses are at t ent’s dis posal. Students are given reat and training in all phases of nursery work in- cluding planting, propagation, potting, nein gece balling sic pest and disease trol. Practical experience and instruc- tion on maintenance pra is given by demonstrations and work on the two campuses. Each year specific areas of the campus are selected for landscape projects. The students carry the project from be- ginning to end: survey the site, draw the plans, ae planting lists, and doing the actual construction and planting of the project. Flowers grown in the commercial

ta ake: courtesy of Howard S. Brown,

Campus of the California State Polytechnic ea

LEAVES

flower growing class are used to decorate the college’s float in the Pasadena Rose Parade. The department exhibits in the Los Angeles County Fair, in the various flower shows, and maintains a test garden of several hundred ag eee for the Po- mona Valley Camellia Soc

Because of the eae value to the fruit industry in California there is con- stant demand for services of well- trained men in its various activities. The fruit production seen co ei stu- dents to meet these needs. ixty-five acres of citrus, twenty acres a svouodil and five acres of deciduous handled entirely by a students. the techniques and skills of grove opera- tion, the students are instructed in land preparation, propagation, top working, cultivation, fertilization, irrigation, har- vesting and pest and disease control. They are placed in packing houses to learn all

Calif.

Claremont,

in the foothills of the

Sierra Madre Mountain Ran

See ey

a

Ba ag Sat ha ee Cate a ae ade Oe ae ick ac a

AUTUMN 1954 91

ena of this operation and they take trips to commercial groves, production plants, and experiment stations. any pieces of farm equipment are available for

machi ines,

Students in the general nae produc- undred acres of crop land and the Aohsiie equipment Id and vegetable crops at their disposal. Instruction in all phases of crop production are given and field trips to neighboring farms and experiment tata are taken to widen the student’s know onee

plus its close proximity to the Los An- and flower markets

partment prepares students for civil serv- \c€ positions such as agricultural or plant quarantine inspectors with the county, state and federal agencies; sales service fepresentatives of agricultural RT crop marketing industries; and w

in ae and agricultural pest al Operati ns,

The a science department provides training ros all the students at the college and prepares majors in soils for occupa- tions in that field. The students gain a

working knowledge of soils through

[In order that men may learn to be satisfied] . . . the life of domestic affection and domestic d kind pleasure; therefore chiefly to the hall find that the love of n nature, wherever it has

art of joy and a humble life .

sensitiveness to all el ements of eg an

loveline ess of the natural w

actual experience and training in soil mapping, soil analysis, sine et ies and conservation practices. All students

knowledge to the sant that esos the horticulturist and far

Animal husbandry Hine recently been added to the curriculum, and as the col- lege expands, majors in hepa busi- ness administration, poultry, dairy hus- bandry, and e€ economics are con- templated.

In addition to work in the major field, background courses in the a physical, and social sciences round o the academic program. A complete ie letic program in both major and minor sports and an intramural program is of- fered. Social activities such as dances,

has made its contribution to editucs horticulture in the form of young men trained to perform their ~ well. As the college grows it will c tinue to do this on an ever- hecbrom scale.

‘it is necessary fully to understand the e, full of

We existed, has been a faithful poe pobati ae of feelin

JOHN R “Fro es Aarsies”

a2 LASCA LEAVES

LOS ANGELES BEAUTIFUL

Mrs. VALLEY M. KNUDSON

As Los ANGELES grows, shall it become a less attractive place in which to live and work? As the city’s industry increases, shall its appeal to visitors decrease? As our vast network of highways extend, shall they represent merely more miles of littered roadside, more unsightly shacks, assorted signs and abandoned-car dumps ?

Or shall this ‘land of the angels’’ be- come an ever more beautiful area of un- blemished highways, park-like boulevards, clean streets, restricted, well-maintained advertising, and smartly maintained com- mercial establishments ?

Los Angeles Beautiful calls upon every citizen to help find the best answers to these questions.

Los Angeles Beautiful, founded in

a

than one-hundred and fifty organizations are afhliated with Los Angeles Beautiful. Its Executive Committee consists of men a men in business, industry, govern- ment and organized groups.

Los Angeles Beautiful plans and de- ity-wide programs,

ublic-spirited citizens to build the beautiful Los Angeles of their dreams. It has special legislative committees that work with civic groups and with public officials on such problems as rubbish disposal, regulation of bill- boards on our new freeways, smog abate- ment, and rehabilitation of sub-standard housing.

Other Los Angeles Beautiful commit- tees spearhead programs to interest own- ers and occupants of housing units to beautify and maintain their premises, to alert citizens to keep the streets clean by

moving vehicles. concerns itself with the

tional Flower Show are attracting an ever — widening circle of home-owner in st. Los Angeles Beautiful cooperates with the Municipal Art Commission in arrang-— City’ Week, to arouse —

alike new interest and civic pride. It con ducts an annual ‘Industry Can be Beau

beautify their surroundings. conducted a contest to select the off! city flower; Bird of Paradise (Strelit Reginae) was chosen. 7

A year-round program of civic observ :

,

Organizations. : di observed by tree planting ceremonies anc” ree Week.

Beautiful’ month, day observance of the city has become regular civic event.

AUTUMN 1954 93

A special committee to coordinate Civic Services is working for a charter amend- ment that will integrate the efforts of all city departments along city beautification lines,

os Angeles Beautiful needs the active interest and help of every resident of the city and county. There are no limits to membership, no dues, no assessments or formalities in joining. Every civic, busi- ness, professional and individual organi-

zation, every church and youth group,

men’s club is invited to become affiliated, and from time to time will be notified as to how it can assist with specific

projects. The work of Los ah ted pee aics = just begun. It will continue and g

our city grows and aevclone sta) ‘s ors ways to w to its program the civic efforts of all residents and of all groups and organizations who share our said of tomorrow's Los Angeles Beautiful.

GROWING NOTES GEORGE H. SPALDING

A germination report on seed of various rare or little — ee of plants 3, p. 24.) T

appeared in this column in 1951. (Lasca Leaves Vol. 1, No.

he following

list is presented as a continuation of the first report and the species listed do not

duplicate the previous list. seed are always treated with boiling water.

NAME TIME—DAYS Abies mariesii 7-16 Abroma augusta 10 x Abutilon ‘Golden Fleece’ 12 Abutilon auratum 9 hirsutum 30 x, milleri 12 palmeri 3-5 reginellii 4 vitifolium 12 Acacia alata 5 alpina 27 armata aD aroma 4 ariens 43 brachystach ya 9 >, 4 calamifolia 6 cavenia 10-21 crassiuscula 5-8 cultriformis 10 cyanophylla 16 decurrens 6 dentifera 6 color 12 dunnii 26 elata 8-12 ephedroides 4 excelsa 13

giraffae aa

he germinating medium used was the same. All Acacia

NAME TIME—DAYS Acacia—continued

gladiformis 4-6 glandulicarpa 33-54 glaucopt 12 gnidium 13 gr sist LE eroclita 10-19 Romairbie 5 wittit 6-31 iteaphylla 5 onesii Zr kempeana 6 a 9 latifolia 6-12 gape Ssh 10-45 melanoxylon 15 myrtifolia 12-15 obtusata 2 penninervis 18 podalyr. iaefolia 6-15 pravissima 7 pulchella 10 raddiana 5-7 rigens 14 rubida 8 saligna 5 Scorpioides 6 Spinescens 9 Spirocarpa 4-5 steed manii 9 stenophylla 13

94 LASCA LEAVES

NAME TIME—DAYS Acacia—continued suaveolens 9 ipa * trineura 6 triptera 6 Acanthostachys strobilacea 16 Acer davidii 81 negundo 4-18 Acidanthera murielae 17 Acroclinium roseum 4 Adansonia digitata 10

Adenanthera pavonia 16

Adenium Boehmianum 7-9

Adenocarpus complicatus 6

Adonidia merrillii 101

Aesculus pavia humilis 30 apanthus

longispathus —_23 16-3

A. orientalis 0 pendulus 30 umbellatus var.

mooreanus MT weillighit 22

Agathis robusta 186

Agati grandiflora 4

Agave striata 10 victoride 16

Agonis flexuosa 37

Alangium chinense 15

Alberta magna -37

Albizzia julibrissin var.

rosea 7-9 lebbekoides 10 Stipulata 13-16

Alectryon subcinereum 21

COVER PICTURE Magnolia edie inteng indigenous to south- eastern United § It forms a tree 30-50 ft. in height, with spreading branches ; is some- voor — to as “Large-leave -

tO:3 ft. length by about 6 in. broad, light green above, glaucous on the underside. Flowers are slightly fragrant, somewhat cup-shaped, and often up to

NAME TIME—DAYS Aleurites triloba 48 Allium fistulosum 8 avum 10 odorum 13 unifolium 4 Alnus japonica -13

Aloe andringitrensis 13 9

arborescens broomii a7 candelabrum 16 castanea 8 cryptopoda 7 avyana 2 eckliensis 13-14 osteri Et ens atl 10 ongibracteata ; marlothit 6-12 mund enensis 8 petricol 7 pretoriensis Th mOSA 13 recurviflora 8 reuzil 7 rubrolutea 9-11 sessiliflora 7F1zZ

Wickensii Alonsoa warscewiczit 8

oo iolacea 12-16 Baia: armeniaca 5 hohenackeri 10 Kragujevacensis 5 rosea 6 taurinensis 15 Alyxia daphoides 38

in. in diameter; white aot AN a purpl

121i

cast toward the center. a ae diflora flow are recorded as about in. across; those M. macrophylla are aad to be larger by by The rt photographed is th

a1 a Il.

“Science, indeed, has ps ee so many new facts about life and the world it eure ny Lara = = to be confused. To

et information and true

on, to desc it, perhaps in the

it. “The lens that discloses a a ary nar its mea

name a phe . espise 2 is not peceisaidy to poe ing.’

JOHN HopcGpDON BRADLEY “Patterns of Survival”

a OS MORE «Pad tecee aks a OM Eh 9 aegt e Bl cat CIRCE hr erie Ru aie hee Meriden 8 dine Ay: Re nl Ween. en NIE Tay faa

_

AUTUMN 1954 95

CALENDAR Herb Society of America, 7 hoi 2 a Ste

Unit: regular meetings on the 1st Monday of each month, at the home é members. October meeting to evoted to the use of herbs =

ardson oyd

Tad. Santa Monica Blvd., oe half way vag La Brea ir- fax), 1- 5 p.m., H aig OK School,

Los Angeles Branch of the nado Begonia Se recently organized, meets the 4th Wednesday of each month, ag at 11:30 . : sheo i

pS . lla ict Presi-

Southern er digit Camellia ee should be taken of the chan ge in| a Place of peice

note e and

at the San

eve Sor ~ be ei i by thove ‘otis come early

e 0 p.m., when the meeting

Poh Ttural Institute: s meeting should be A eeti

under the ano neg University

that this

atop ’ tanical p P as our general readers, by | isting data con- cerning place and date of meeting, program

subject, and other pertinent subject matter, within the quarterly period covered by issue e of se Ist, April 1st, Ju

Foundation, ee Shade Calif

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS Helmut Paulo Krug, Servico, SAo egy Brasil, visited pss A Scitvnn darine August 1954. Dr.

is in charge of Plant Introductions for He has been in

t the Armstrong Nursery in Russell J. Seibert made an extended trip through some of tis E ncluding in his itin

Lou

arden, Introduction Section of t of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md, ‘the ie Intro- duction Gardens, Glenn Dale, es ivi-

Fla. He gardens, in — Carolina, Florida, Georgia, and Ala .

Desa ae rdens are now part of the Parks ment of Los Angeles

and en ay the public every day of the year from m. until 4:00 p. m of e nd improvement is

improvements ing place, w have never visited the Gardens will find i seit ng experience s year, i the aa time, we have set wide a specific area per the use of garden and ub groups of from 25 to 100. There are

welcome to bring picnic lunches. Or, if de- sired, arrangements may be made oe a catering

We feel Mom this will be added attraction rti-

or culture, since be will now be able to combine oO e Gardens with a regular clu eeting. The admission will continue to be 50c per person, with no charge for the use of the meeting place. you like, the services of uide will be provided; otherwis wander through ripe — independently. Reservation wi a be made in the order received.

relea oe ori Threlkeld, Acting Superintendent, PE hate ‘Godse La Catiada, Californ

96 LASCA

aa tobe FLOWER BOOKS

One mmon requests of visitors at the Sa os “Babar Botanic Garden is for a ee k on western wildflowers, written pular level sod allustratd with colored plates, “That

ma

r ethods of plant d an awareness of the characters which distinguish plants from each other

Svenska Vaxter which is a popular but tech- ically accurate he k of Swedish wildflowers has a 85,000 c a hare its first printing =

1944. To hope that eo li will mee with a similar sale is ai 3 pect. It is oni hoped, mand for them will be suffic jaa great to ica rant publication of a similar hee for the western states

The Mareilien Wild Flower Book—Text by J. Hylander, illustrations a Edith n. The Macmillan Co., 1954. pp. including 232 gi peri 4 ae gt line drawings. 814” 10%”.

$15

es his exceedingly handsome volume includes reproductions and descriptions of 500 flowering plants of the op d States from “the east coast to the fro

amily i ductory discussion pre- d in ae t Ausnieok: se of botanical names

o the flower families in the owe should oo Py help to oe beginning plant

ign with botanical detail to a tah degree and f work put into the paintings shone ear

VoL t . shies improved by group- ing all specie € genus together as has been done for ae text descriptions.

LEAVES

Most of the a represented are from the east and midw only a few caching eg10

mention in iets tur Wild Flowers

text by H ; rah wt pp. " 400 colored plates. gi” x $10.

The portfolio set 2 hoc sighs Walcott superb paintings o wild flowers ~ which was published ee the “Smithsonian In-

i nsiv

-

paintings were done b s. Wolcott on numet- s trips wi r geologist husband to all parts of the United States, and include some ommon wild ers lov y s as some of eautiful species seldom seen because of thei ity. Approx mately one-fourth of the plates represent species found on the Pacific Coast while about one-fif occur in California. Twenty of the original s have been replaced i volume by oO

C

unfortunate saa og of the beau original paint has been lost through cuca 7 reproduction and slightly dulled colors. : are still attractive, however, and should have reat appeal. a The ue of the plates is enhanced by the editing and text of H. W. Rickett who has ? hai a lifetime of a

plate

arrangement acc the descriptive text includes a ization of the gta as well as a short account

each species included. The supplement vif illustrations and a according to the introduction, “‘to ‘all attention o the aniioa! “features which distinguish @

species See its relatives.” Geographic range is given for each Biss

The in ntroduction Eeatéies to the layman t reason for botanic — Pigs pr rinciples

plant classification, an structure of ‘ ower. A short glossary of ipower terms an a ready identification chart for the species in the volume are included

ZL ihe In the article, “Cistus = Its Re- se

h to thank Mr. Milligan wee bringing correction to their notice

Na etait ot ro ee es

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

PROGR Cig <6 Delay oa ae RS, AEE SAMUEL AYRES, JR. PFET PONE a se Se a es es Mrs. Harry J. BAUER VaCe Pree, as sn ee a ROBERT CASAMAJOR EERO aig ne a oe Ke ee HowarpD A. MILLER

RALPH D, CORNELL JOHN C. MACFARLAND

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN Mrs. JOHN R. MAGE

JOHN ANSON ForD SAMUEL MOSHER

J. D. FUNK Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS

WILLIAM HERTRICH Haro_pD F, ROACH

LIONEL Louis HOFFMANN’ Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER

HENRY ISHIDA Henry C. SoTO

CHARLES S. JONES FRANK E. Titus

Frits W. WENT HONORARY TRUSTEES

FreD W. ROEWEKAMP Mrs. J. J. GALLAGHER MANFRED MyBERG

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM STAFF

RUSSELL: |, SRIBERT 3s cued eset ss eee ees Rew rene: ota GEORGE H. SPALDING, «2... cece cece tetas cee Superintendent Louis B. MAa rad. oi ain os ce ne eee se Plant Physoogi Wi. Quin BU oes ce ca as es eee Propagator ]. THOMAS MOGAH, Ci. 0b oe oe a 00s eee ie ees Plant Recorder Dewey 5. IGS eikcc e e e o s Historical rac or THRLMA G: BLANCHARD. 06.6 Seni ie eas chee ae es ecretary JANET WRIGHT. os re ee ei Research (part time) Russia Ki MCA is Ce cces fee han ee Library (part time) MEMBERSHIPS Annual Associate Membership Dita ee ee ae ie tae sews S: 5.00 Annual Membership. .......-.--+eeeeeeeteeeer crests 10,00 Annual Contributing Membership. ....-...++++++seeeeece> 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership. .....-----+++++seeeerrrte 100.00 Annual Sponsor Membership. .....----+seecrereeercctees 250.00 Life pin ei hip co ee i a eos hee 500.00 Fountebe (0 oo ea ee ee ee oe $1,000.00 or more Benefactors Se PI Cap any Morr eget ae eae ee 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law.

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

LASCA LEAVES

The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

Sponsors of LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR _ MILDRED pring PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER “Puitip A. M WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. Sune

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Garden Northern Culitcasie. Pecknata McCLINTOCK Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K,. MULLER Sapays California—RONALD B. TOWNSEND rosea PM che ee eds Carros sk oud

Se SEES OR CNEL OS Aw Ar es Ore grey) 8) Sel oe we Lee ee}

56 C20 SOEs ia: oe We Se Oe SEE Ce a Se

Joel we eo

SR ye OR Ek OP RSE OE Sere, 6 ee we ee

RE OT Mo i, Os SE a OM al I pre a Beira ee ee Oe ik © a

Taxonomy of Exotics - Taxonomy of Natives

“nen an CALIF,

Fopy» \) Ot. URAL My, Saga?

gi ate aM

CR Entel aa SOS Sa ae § i : o. ore z are ;

Laity

’

WINTER 1955 Vol. V, No. I’

VINYOAIIVO IVNUNO! ATYALYVNO VIGY

Sie. 289 £59 2 eee es eee bees eo ferns = oe >? ts 6 ae Sree or mee eaeeerees Ff Fer ee TS Fae

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

ee SRS i ee en ay By Ia sae a SAMUEL AYRES, JR. DAE PEM 5 pV ok eC ace didi na Vile edu abe Mrs. Harry J. BAUER PAP eae haute ts aes eu we ROBERT CASAMAJOR OME seo ho Ga eh eos bees 2 Howarp A. MILLER

RALPH D, CORNELL JOHN C. MACFARLAND

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN Mrs. JOHN R. MAGE

JOHN ANSON Forp SAMUEL MOSHER

J. D. FUNK Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS

WILLIAM HERTRICH HAROLD F. ROACH

LIONEL Louis HOFFMANN’ MRs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER

HENRY ISHIDA HENry C. Soto

CHARLES S, JONES FRANK E. Tirus

Frits W. WENT

HONORARY TRUSTEES

FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Mrs, J. J. GALLAGHER MANFRED MYBERG

MEMBERSHIPS Atiaal Pesaciate Membersiip 4 eo. cans he oo oan nnn eee Es $ 5.00 TY ORM ree cin oa Rin ng WER A ede Ae Om 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership..............0.0000000 25.00 Asuvoal Sustaming Membership. << <<. 64 6c cask sebescdvses 100.00 Atal Sponsat: MenmDershiP. 6 5 cei 6 dice e side heer ore ss aes Ree 250.00 See MOURNE i awe a atinw le hear dels sew asics unis 500.00 NN ee trey he oy ae ek ee $1,000.00 or more ORRIN os icy tee kay wie euskal oe wks 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. SS

ADDRE Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

WINTER 1955

Lasca Leaves Quarterly publication of the Southern California poreeneal aera and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc ued on the first of January, Anal July and Oc feree]

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS PHILIP EDwarD rei agea PHILIP A. MUNZ WILLIAM HERTRIC RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Garden Northern CaliFornts Fv apiertl ier abe Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K, MUL ee California—RONALD B. T ee eR

Economic Plants . 3.50902 vite RUSSELL J. SEIBERT Geo-botany, sith Plant Patent coo 3 cee a os Louis C. WHEELER Historicdl i og a a Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN Morticultiige 3 ee ee VERNON T. STOUTEMYER Landscape Design. 7,5 8 6 ne es RALPH D. CoRNELL Native Califone FIOM oo eG oe Percy C. EVERETT

WINES v4 chai eater nee ee fs ROBERT CASAMAJOR ieee pic ad oid Neg te ere re W. Dan raed Plant Material.......... Mitprep Davis, PHiLip EowAaRD CHANDLER ae Pathology sien) ape ee ee PIERRE Stacae Plant Societies 255 00 GEORGE H. SPALDING Propapation 3. ieee oo aes . Qui UCK Succulents seg pe ka se ALFRED C. HotTres Taxonomy of: Bxolics. 5 ee MILDRED MATHIAS Taxonomy of Nitivess.s 6s Puitip A. MUNz

JANET WRIGHT, Editor

VoL. V JANUARY, 1955 No. 1

CONTENTS

A New Hybrid Strawberry Ground Cover for Southern California Lee W. Lenz 3

Plant Introductions 1954—Philip Edward Chandler... .page 5, continued on 11

Air Pollution meee Md Agricultural Cro hn T. Middleton, J. a Kendrick, Jr., and E. F. Darley 7

Arboretum Policy Affecting Public Use of the Arboretum Sa we Neato 1 A Turfgrass frome’ "Dowp: Under’’... 6.6... eee e eee eee ouis B. Mattia. a &

Bird Notes) 6605050 se is ey W. Dan Quattlebaum 15 A Seedsman Looks at Pollinization................00005: Howard Bodger : International Flower ShawonIP9S< oe ro ace sss

Growing Notes is eaid ian she eo George H. Spalding 5 Peter Riedel henit 17 Ee rn TTA cs oes tee cae 21 Arboretum: Milestone ie occa eein a Cavs R. J. Seibert 22 leather ee es eee page 13, continued on 23

2 LASCA LEAVES

New hybrid strawb« rry ground cover (see pp. 3-5)

WINTER 1955 >

A NEW HYBRID STRAWBERRY GROUND COVER FOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LEE W. LENZ

Geneticist, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California

THE APPEARANCE of a new plant suitable for use as a ground cover in Southern California is always a matter of interest to gardeners. In this new hybrid there are

The use of strawberry as a ground cover is not new, and one of the parents of this hybrid is the familiar Beach Straw- berry (Fragaria chiloensis), a plant which has been grown by Californians for many years. Indeed we have no record of when it was first used as an ornamental. Fragaria chiloensis itself is a most interesting spe- des not only from the botanical viewpoint but because of the role it has played in the development o e commercial straw- berry cultivated so extensively today.

0 in San Luis Obispo County, California, and It occurs again along the western coast of South America. It is usually found grow- ing in sand or sandy soil along coastal bluffs and on sand dunes on the ocean

Albert F. Etter, a Pioneer strawberry breeder and native of to

‘mong the rough grasses and weeds, bat- tling harsh exposure to gales and even salt Spray from the breakers.”

One of the first written records we have of this plant is that of Garcilaso de la i is “Comentarios

not round, but rather long, in the shape of a heart.’”?

Father Velasco writing in 1789 called it frutilla or freza quitense (Quito Straw- berry) and said that the fruit was two to three times the size of the European strawberry. He also added, “It is pro- duced throughout the entire year and al- though it is common in several provinces, in no other is it so abundant, nor so ex- cellent, as in that of Ambato.’”?

town of Ambato, Ecuador, lies at an altitude of about 9500 feet and is char- acterized by having a dry, cool and equit- able climate with sandy soil of volcanic

the strawberries were still being grown

once a week throughout the year.

It might be added: here that plants grown at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden from seed collected at Ambato have done very poorly and seem to be es- pecially susceptible to mildew.

The introduction of Fragaria chiloensis into Europe came about through the efforts of a French officer by the name of

‘Quoted by Wilson Popenoe in ‘The Fru-

tilla, or Chilean Strawberry,’ Jour. Hered. 12: 457-466, 1921.

4 LASCA

Frezier who visited Chile in 1712. Frezier spent some time at Concepcion where he became familiar with the local strawberry and when he returne ome he took

Captain was generous and

Of these the Captain took two and Frezier kept three. On his arrival in Paris, Frezier says that he gave one of them to his friend, the famed botanist, Antoine Jus- sieu, to be planted in the Royal Garden. One of the plants went to the minister of fortifications, and

which lies off the coast of Chile is one of the regions in which the large-fruited orm occurs as an indigenous species, and the assumption would be that the specific name chiloensis was formed from that of the island; yet Duchesne says nothing to this effect, and the fact that Frezier in his earlier work, uses the name chiliensis shows that he, at least, desired to name it after the country, Chile, instead of for the island. Today most authorities use th name chiloensis. Duchesne’s name i commemorated in another ground cover, Duchesnea indica, the so-called false strawberry.

€ common eastern strawberry (Fra- garia virginica) had already been intro- duced into Europe, and from the cross between the two species has arisen all of the familiar garden strawberries that we know today.

wn”

The Beach Strawberry is an extremely variable species and plants from different localities may be quite different in char-

There are also differences in flower characters and, according to Etter, fruit from plants growing at Cape Men-

LEAVES

docino was pink while the fruit f of plants at Pt. Arena was almost red am the berries were soft and fragile. q

One of the most significant difference between the California plants and some 0 the South American forms is that in Calt

flowers, i.e. with b in the same flower. ; therefore, why berries are seldom seen ¢ the Beach Strawberry plants growing 1m cultivation is that the plants are usually all of one sex. 4

When in the fall of 1948 the straw: berry breeding program was initiated at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden

3:

were selected for final trials. plants No. 25 was finally chosen ] propagules were then given to 4 numb

of interested gardeners living in vatl

WINTER 1955 5

parts of Southern California for local testing. During the next two years the behaviour of the plants was checked periodically.

which is superior to the Beach Strawberry by being more vigorous, larger in all its parts, and in addition produces dessert quality fruit for the home. The selected name at first appears to be unnecessarily long, but it was chosen only after careful deliberation. In the first place this hybrid 's not to be confused in any way with the commercial type strawberry. The fruit, while perhaps more flavorful than many commercial varieties, has several character- istics which make it unsuitable for com- mercial use. The berries tend to be soft

and can probably be grown in any soil

suitable for general gardening, although they are proba t their best in sandy loam. In hot inland areas this hybrid does best in semishade. The plants require watering about every week or ten s

wed off with a lawn- mower if the blades are set high enough juri The old leaves and excess r and the plants fertilized and watered. Within a couple of weeks:the area should e covered with a smooth even mat o fresh new leaves. fruit production, the plants should be thinned about every two years. So far the plants have not been troubled by diseases and the only insect pest that has been

o. 4, Autumn 1 oD 59-61, ‘White Flowering Native California Plants for Garden Use,”” by Katherine K. Muller, Director, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, Calif.

e cover picture o same issue, described

n page 79, is a close-up of this useful groun er.

*Quoted by Wilson Popenoe in “The Chilean Strawberry,” Jour. Hered. 12: 457-466.

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954

PuHitip EpwARD CHANDLER

REVIVAL of some things old, several items new, one good low shrub borrowed... thus might one paraphrase the ‘‘introduc- tions’ in this year’s nursery trade. All are ¢w as far as the nursery-going public is ‘oncerned. As to their best use in the landscape-scheme, only time will tell. The fact that they are now available is news,

°rnamentals with which these newcomers May be planted harmoniously.

Hibiscus tiliaceous, in one form or an- other, has been a collector’s item, doubt-

less, for a generation or more in relatively frostless areas, but its appearance in numerous gardens dates from 1954. Com- mon near the sea in tropical countries, it is not always regarded as an ornamental in such environment, because of its great size and aggressive qualities. In Hawaii,

in other places, spreading horizontally over the ground in thickets, forming an apparently impene- trable network of trunks and branches.’’*

*Marie Neal: “Gardens of Hawaii.” Continued on page 11

LASCA LEAVES

6 tia ‘i \ S ey oa os : AM : ‘ ne ‘ 4) | eu ned 4 of aa : ~ ee S Re ce. : is e 3 33 if <> S o> ‘\ aS 3. ¥ x N a, s wre ‘ x 2 S : | SSE a NS ~ SIN | cee aed ] ‘es 335 | » z | > | = | \

Peete tt ed Anas

feet of

Figure 1. Sa ae Ba map of the southern California coastal plain. Plant i njury is a come

occurrence in the coin it shaded area and often seen in the lightly shaded area. Damage !5 als

viewed at various times in ‘the aded area, westerly of the Paty ie ranges. The arrows indl- ate sista’ air outlets from air pollution bas

}

WINTER 1955 z

AIR POLLUTION DAMAGE TO AGRICULTURAL CROPS

JOHN T. MIDDLETON, J. B. KENDRICK, JR., AND E. F. DARLEY

University of California, Riverside, California

wn 3 @ 5 oa {a ch ae = Be om ° Pry joe ~ i) a) io) =) oO oO at sa ai fo -_ 5 O iad ° ge Rds

recognized by the symptom expression on the plant affected. Injuries of the kind Suggested above have been reported from many places throughout the world. Dam- age to crop plants in the vicinity of Los Angeles were first foun i

leaf surface. by a bronzed discoloration. Although the Silvering and glazing of the lower leaf sur-

loss by the lower surface. These same types of sym- toms have been found on a variety of

extensive than in the Los Angeles area, it is now known to occur from San Rafae on the north to Gilroy on the south and eastward to Walnut Creek.? Further sur- veys may indicate a more extensive area to be affected.

he specific type of damage observed

eriods.”’ As a resu refer to the damage of plants as “smog damage.” Since the term ‘‘smog”’ is coined from the words smoke and fog, neither of

proper to call the damage observed on plants “smog age,” but rather “‘air pollution damage.” It was felt that, if the

8 could be identified; perhaps some measures for abatement leading to relief from the air pollution problem in the Los Angeles area could be effected. As a result of this interest, several research agencies* initi-

from refined petroleum products. vapors of these hydrocarbons from both their manufacture and use escape into the

8 LASCA

atmosphere and become oxidized. It is the oxidized hydrocarbons that are responsi- ble for the silvering and glazing of spe- cific crop plants. The hydrocarbons, prin- cipally unsaturates, cause no injur themselves. They must be oxidized to give the damage factor.

Concentrations of oxidized hydrocar- cient to cause inj

oO

ollutants are con-

alae their escape into the

desert regions. The air Seino period

becomes more aggravated sy longer the Ww

periods of air pollution in San Francisco are of shorter duration and of lower con- centration largely because the mountain areas are of lower elevation and the wind velocities biohee The same conditions for air pollution exist throughout the Pacific

rside,

great deal of hone aitersicigs: to dis- cover how agricultural crops can be grown in an area receiving a polluted air mass. Our research studies are also with knowing more about the chemical behavior of air pollutants in the atmos- phere using plants as an assay method.

LEAVES

Observations on damage to crops by several writers have shown that there is a great variation in their relative sus- ceptibility > injury by oxidized hydro-

rb

carbons. Our studies are still incomplete, particularly ell regard to forage plants, flowers, and woody ornamentals, and tree

crops. Weeds that are common to the area and that have been observed to be dam-

aged are: annual Bluegrass, Cheese Weed, Lambs"

Chick Weed, Dwarf Nettle, Quarters, London Rocket, Quick Weed, and Wild

which may not have general distribution. The relative susceptibility of a variety 0

lants amaged by t the oxidized ors is given in the table on page

Som et plants: such as lettuce, tomato,

and sugar beets fail to grow hehe in the polluted air mass, ar Sa injury symptoms.° S Since all plants grow shake suppression, it is im ossible to measure what effect growth has upon plant vigor and yield.

The effect of this growth suppression can

be readily demonstrated by growing plants

through activated carbon. Within the short period of a week a growth difference can be observed in tomatoes under such an €X- now cuf-—

perimental design. Research 1s f rent at Riverside to determine the effect 0

this growth i te upon tree crops” do.

such as citrus a

Observations of crop damage in field, matkicals arly by J. Hurst, adequa regular water sup lies

eonah irri nition were

damaged than those not so well watered.

e differences have been fe ' uce soeemectally under controlle fumigation and regulated water wee in cooperative experiments with S. ards at Riverside.

The sam

Oats. There are more than 50° other weeds that could be enumerated but

t, show no in the area are subject to this

this reduction in

the West | eager Agate i that plantings receiving —

plies ;

Rich-

WINTER 1955 9

the option to delay irrigation until after the aggravated air pollution period has passed. Obviously if the period is of long duration, water cannot be withheld. Per- haps practical use can be m finding by relating irrigation schedule to

Plants Known to Be Damaged by Olefinic Peroxides in Smog

Crops Susceptible Resistant

Tree Grapefruit Lemon Orange Field Alfalfa Barley Oat Blackeyed Sudan ean Sugar beet Mustard Black White Sweet clover Vetch Wheat Vegetable B

a common common Golden Bountiful Cluster Kentucky Pink Wonder Pinto — Small . lima wi Concen- Bea trated lima Ford- Fordhook hook 242 Westan Beet Broccoli Celery abba Endive Cauliflower Lettuce— Chinese Romaine cabbage Onio orn Parsley Eggplant Parsnip Spinach ettuce— Swiss char head Lucullus Muskmelon Turnip Mustard Pea Pepper Potato Radish Rhubarb Swiss chard Large ribbed Tomato Ornamental Chrysan+ Calendula themum China aster (Some san- varieties) themy (Most va- nnvua rieties) rye Dahlia Perennial Forget-me- rye not Larkspur Gaillardia Petunia Grass Snapdragon Bermud Kentucky bluc Lobelia Pansy Stock Sw Viola ite clover From a reprint from California Agriculture 7(11): 11, 12, 1953.

and others® discovered that

additions of nitrogen to the soil increase

the susceptibility of plants to damage by

the oxidized hydrocarbons. This reveals

that efforts to produce a good crop pro-

vide the optimum opportunity for dam- age by the air pollutants.

Under controlled fumigation conditions

it has been demonstrated that the amount

forecasts of air pollution periods. endrick t

posure to a given concentration of the oxidized hydrocarbons. The longer the exposure the greater the damage, even at concentrations as low as 0.1 parts per mil- lion. These observations corroborate those made in the field which show that damage to crops is directly proportional to the length of the pollution period.

There is another additive feature and

days a year in which the inversion layer is low enough to permit accumulation of toxicants which can cause plant

version layer, the topography, the size of the metropolitan area, and the use of re- fined petroleum products.

Various methods for protecting plants against air pollution damage are being

10 LASCA

studied, Protection of pit Se ‘si = OS XI 1Z e

activated carbon filter. If this ashiice system is adequate, there will be a positive

15 | Figure 2. (Left) Type of damage observed on the upper leaf surface. (R ie at caddie on the lower. erinat

Endive pee

Figure 3 ural

LEAVES

pressure maintained within the glass- -house aa will exclude the polluted air mass. The oe carbon filter is a highly elfectine method of removing the oxida- tion Se aE refined petroleum vapors. Naturally, this same type of carbon filter can be used in the home if the vapors are

at- amage on on caused by oxidi - pyarocat i

bons. BA: Not air pollution peaae on alfalfa. Fi 5. Damage to cheese wee ‘ Ce) “Healthy leaf. (Lower) Naturally affected by oxidized tia ir ocathons Figure 6. Chen podium. The upper two — porpultant silver ne and gla azing aS bara on ie e lower leaf surface.

par ii a

ee ee el

eran

eC ne eer e ee a ee ee ae a

ad

WINTER

to be excluded for a private residence or even a public building. Protection can be afforded to plants grown in the field by the application of Hatten: to the leaf surface. This class of material offers

under a variety of trade names but can al- ways be recognized by fairs the list of active ingredients on the package. Re- search has not progressed saikelently to indicate at thi be applied to plant material sensitive to oxidized hydro- carbons, or in what quantity.

The abatement of hydrocarbon losses from the air mass is difficult to accom- plish and time consu uming because of the multitude of contributors. The effects of

economic loss. Damage t to 11 agricultural crops in 1949 in the Los Angeles area alone was esti- mated at slightly less than 1/, million dol- ars. Estimates based on surveys in 1953 indicate that losses will exceed three mil- = dollars. This increase in loss is due 0

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND NOTES - Middleton, John T., J. B. Kendrick, Jr., and H, W. chwalm, 1950. layne ry to Spears Rec s by Pollution: U, of Agriculture, "Plant Disease Ihe, 34: 345-23 TBs ok a3

a

Ne

- Middleton, John T and E, F, Darley, 1953,

1922 11

Air pollution ae to crops: California

Agriculture, 7(11): 11-12.

3. These agencies sora the University of racine at Riverside, —— Institute of Technology, and the Los Angeles County Air Pllc sage Divisio on.

4. Haagen YS s F. Darley, Milton

Zaitlin, "Tapeben fiat, and Wilfred Noble,

19

Investigation on injury to plants from air pollution in 2 Los Angeles area: Plant Vigccloes 27: 18-34. 5. Koritz, H. G., ne F. W. Went, 1953. ie physiological action of Gite on plants Initial growth an sah eae: studies. Plem ee 28: 50-62. B. Me Ellis Ez Baie’ posing ate "et air a on nitrogen rend upon se al

Jol T. Middleton, and

some

fu ed cox

derived foc olefins. os aay ogy, 88.

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS OF 1954 Continued from page 5

In California, it is neither aggressive nor

of great size, but is an unusually arresting

shrub of 6’-10’ across with rounded heart-

with edges entire or scalloped, the upper sides rather smooth, varying in color from

brightly hued, though the plant is virtu- ally evergreen unless dam aged by frost of which it is definitely tolerant. This foliage color is the outstanding feature of H7bzs- cus tiliaceous in the Los

some with dark eyes; later in the day, they deepen to apricot or dull orange ; by night,

to dull red. The inflorescence is not pro- fuse, nor is it conspicuous. Of rather easy culture, in fairly rich soil, it prefers a warm location, free of strong winds. The authority of the plum color of Hibiscus tiliaceous may be emphasized to advantage a companion planting of Echeveria metalica, (perhaps as a ground cover), or

Phormium tenax, variety Silver Bronze.

Continued in next issue

12 LASCA LEAVES

LOS ANGELES STATE and COUNTY ARBORETUM POLICY AFFECTING PUBLIC USE OF ARBORETUM GROUNDS Effective January 9, 1955 4 ARBORETUM OFFICE (Temporary Headquarters) : ‘

291 N. Old Ranch Road, Arcadia, Calif. Telesis: DOuglas 7-3444. Office Hou Monday through Friday (except legal holidays) 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.

PUBLIC ENTRANCE:

Public Entrance and Exit shall be at the designated pedestrian gate at 301 N. Baldwin Ave., on such days and hours as the Arboretum is open to the public. PUBLIC PARKING:

Parking oe are available between the west side of Baldwin Ave., and the Arboretum fence, accessible from the Forecourt at 301 Baldwin Ave., and from the Parking Lot Beccixes at 40land 501 N. Baldwin He Parking will o permitted where white lines indicate parking stalls. Private cars or other ehicial will not be permitted within the Arboretum grounds.

HOURS AND DAYS OF OPENING:

The Arboretum shall be open to the General Public until further notice, without | admission charge, on SUNDAYS ONLY, between the hours of 10:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m

ADMISSION TO ARBORETUM GROUNDS: Everyone entering the grounds will be requested to fill out guest information card with name, address and cans interest. Conducted tours will start from the main

entrance at 10:30 a.m. and on each half hour thereafter. The last tour will be con-

duted at 4:00 p.m. All persons i ae the Arboretum will be required to assemble for a scheduled tour. PETS:

The Arboretum is a bird sanctuary, therefore, NO DOGS OR OTHER ANIMAL

pets shall be permitted within the Arboretum grounds. CHILDREN:

Children under 14 years of age must be continuously accompanied by responsible :

adults. GENERAL CONDUCT OF THE PUBLIC:

The Arboretum is designed for the passive and educational recreation of the public. sii running and otherwise boisterous conduct will be strictly prohibited.

No seotsdlie beverage or other bottled or canned drinks will be permitted within the grounds.

PICNICS: No picnicking or food in any form will be permitted on the grounds. Complete

picnic hive are available at the Arcadia County Park, 11% miles east of the

Arbore

PHOTOGRAPHS: will Amateur photography is sera All photography for commercial auaiae

be soeraps except by prior arrangement through the Arboretum Director. Flash ulbs and other phncnosabiie refuse must be deposited in trash serra

ARTIST,

Art clases or individual artists may make pre-arrangements, during office ho for appointments, time and location for painting. All artists using the A Arboretu facilities will be responsible for keeping the area used clean and undamaged.

a i i Es i a

j

=

Tr

Ts

rl rT

WINTER 1955 13

PICKING OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS:

Digging or picking of plants, flowers, leaves, branches, fruit and cuttings will be strictly prohibited. Under Arboretum supervision and with written permission from the Director, certain plant materials may be obtained for specific educational or scientific use.

PLANT LABELS AND SIGNS:

Labels are placed at various plants for the information of the public. They are not to be removed or mutilated. SMOKING:

Smoking is to be prohibited in the jungle and otherwise confined to areas of low fire hazard.

CONTAINERS: Shopping bags and other containers will not be permitted within the grounds. ASH:

Papers and trash are to be deposited in trash containers. CONDUCTED TOURS FOR ORGANIZATIONS:

Arrangements for conducted sponsored group tours through the Arboretum may be made by calling the Arboretum O‘ice DOuglas 7-3444 during the regular office hours. Group tours are available Wednesday through Saturday (except legal holidays) be- tween the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.

GROUNDS PERMITS:

Arrangements for special grounds permits may be made by calling the Arboretum during office hours. The Arboretum shall reserve the right to issue grounds permits for qualified scientific and educational purposes only.

HANDICAPPED AND AGED:

Persons unable to walk through the grounds may pre-arrange for sceing the

or by calling the Arboretum Office during regular office hours. DOuglas

RUSSELL J. SEIBERT — Director Los Angeles County Department of Arboreta and Botanic Gardens

CALENDAR Southern California Horticultural Institute: their time that evening to suggestions and the regular meetings on the 2nd Thursday evening swering of questions. All members are invited of each mo th, at Plummer i ta _‘ to participate, bringing no plant material Monica Blvd , Los Angeles, in Fiest all o or discussion, but also their own knotty b- the Community Bldg. Ample parking within lems to be ironed out by a panel of “informa- the grounds. Plant displays open at 7:30 p.m.; _ tion, please” experts.

meeting starts at 8 p.m. The January meeting will be a panel forum under the direction of SoMhern Cali

fornia Camellia Society: regular Philip Edward Chandler, member of Lasca meetings on the .

uesday of each month;

Leaves’ Edit Board. and contributor to the lower display open at 7:30 p.m.; meeting be- Current issue (see 5). A wide field of plant 8!9S_ at p.m.; meetings now held at San Material will come under discussion, especially Marino Women’s Club, 1800 Huntington Dr.,

é San Marino, with am arking on adjacen

h t Planting through February and March in his school grounds to the west. Jan. 11, speakers: home landsca ing. Other capable members of Ralph Peer, Leo Davis.

the Institute besides Mr. Chandler will devote Calendar Notes continued on p, 23

14 LASCA LEAVES

A TURFGRASS FROM “DOWN UNDER”

Louis B. MARTIN

Plant Physiologist, Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, California

Microlaena stipoides (R. Br.), a pasture and lawn grass, is a native of New Zea- land and Australia. T. F. Cheeseman, in his Manual of the New Zealand Flora, describes it as, “‘a slender perennial, rhi- zome creeping, leaves rather short.” F. Manson Bailey in The Queensland Flora calls it “Meadow Rice Grass.” € past year, research has been initiated with Microlaena stipoides to explore its possi- bilities as a turfgrass for So. California. eed from New Zealand was planted in Sept. 53; germination was excellent; the stand of grass was a deep, rich green. In

summer, individual plants increased in width and height and two seed crops were harvested.

Our observations of year old plants in- clude the following: single plants are clumpy in habit, rather stiff in appearance but not harsh to the touch. Flowering stalks are from ten to fifteen inches tall. Several clumps of grass at the original seeding site survived the summer of 54, although no water was applied following the removal of the vegetative material.

Desirable qualities so far observed in Microlaena stipoides for use as a turf- successful establishment rom seed or vegetative material; 2) an appealing green color; 3) a producer; 4) excellent growth in hea soil; 5) maintained its color through one full year.

Future observations will include finding answers to the: 1) possibility of “brown- off” after frost; 2) resistance to disease and insect attack; 3) optimum cutting height; 4) turf appearance and quality after two to five years establishment.

The following is a report of the con- tinuing research on Bermuda and Zoysia grasses and of certain grass combinations. BERMUDA GRASSES: Everglades 1, 2,

and 3 and U-3 (Hall’s) Bermudas did not — “brown-off” during the winter season of — '53. This was probably due to the mild _ weather (average daytime temp. from Oct. '43 to March 54 was 76.8 deg. F.; avet- — age night temp. was 51.5 deg. F.). This year all plots, with the pone ole of Ever-—

ed, and ferti-

our experience for two reasons: a) period | of greenness extended late into the year, — and b) removal of the under mat of” thatch encourages earlier growth in the :

given the same fall maintenance Bermudas; however, re-grow q Zoysia has not been as rapid. a GRASS COMBINATIONS: One attempt — to produce an all-year green lawn by om ’ bining a summer grass (Bermuda Of —

~

ee a ar

WINTER 1955 15

Zoysia ““brown-oft’’ soon, the blue grass green lawn. No one grass will make a may respond to ar reduced competition by a flush of grow “best No ground cover is as satisfactory as a

Microl 4ena tipeides

A single plant . _ olaena pine (R. Br.), and at the om: a + sample of the g-awned seeds. Photography by Louis B. Mart

BIRD NOTES

W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM young in the midst of much trucking, nois

s do and nesses Last October 3 Java Sparrows

Fe a pleasure to report that the bird seem to mind Pik many and varied of ethene

Which are usual i » hes e hero xotic capes,” came into the little marsh ig and the rare ce bellied Hawks are still near the Office and were feeding t for about ue e. Last fall there Iso an unusually weeks. These pretty and conspicuous visitors ha le er of Mourning Doves. A Killdeer cause much excitement amo of the

ade a nest on the lawn not far from the office force, and many focad Bird- watchers came

to see them.

COVER PICTURE off Public verso to Los Angele »5 State ~~ County eS as it appears at the time of its cial opening ment of w sagan is carried on page 22 of this issue, with es of spear interest to botan \ pai a ‘2. The r bleak aspect of porn a contemplated photograph of

16 LASCA LEAVES

IN DEVELOPING NEW PLANTS better suited to the garden, or more productive of fruits or flowers, one of the plant breeder’s most useful techniques is the “‘cross.” It is a rather simple operation, but not more than accidentally useful unless the breeder possesses a considerable knowledge of genetics. The general public is quick to understand the ai d possible results of a technique, however, without much knowledge of the science behind it. Such common jokes as the “

show t general idea is well understood by most persons!

Considering man’s natural inquisitive- ness, though, the newness of the idea of a ‘cross’ is surprising: Only since Thomas Knight of England crossed garden peas in 1787 and demonstrated that one char- acteristic (for example, smooth seeds) was dominant over another (i.e., wrinkled seeds) has there been rhyme or reason to the “crosses’” constantly made by Nature and occasionally by man.

I

and seeds will eventually form in the pod which results. The process occurs regu-

A SEEDSMAN LOOKS AT POLLINIZATION

Howarpb BODGER El Monte, California

larly in Nature, with insects, wind, of —

(rarely) water carrying the pollen, and the only real distinction so far as natural

of sorts results, but of course the choice of parents is entirely at random, and the species is spoken of as naturally ‘‘cross-pollinated.”’

s point: enter the plant breeder,

who makes a strictly controlled cross be- tween carefully chosen parents. If he is@

working with plants usually propagated by cuttings, buds or grafts, he need make

only one successful cross, since the result- —

ing “‘hybrid’’ will be increased by vegeta-

tive means until enough plants are as: — sembled to supply the market. The meth- — od has been used since Mendel’s laws — indeed, before, —

these days, cas The a leisurely in the since the more common vegetables an flowering annuals are marketed as seeds. Therefore, it is not the result of the breeder’s cross but the seed

normally happens in a seed producin

tn ee a

dvancement of the art was more —

that cross ~ ; t produces which must grow into a plant — use Here Men- : in a most

Se hat ee ee are ee aS oe ea eee ee ee ee a ee oes i ee i i ee

hybrid flowers are then self-pollinated, . ;

WINTER 1955 17

field, and the resulting seed planted in the garden, the plants that grow will be a startling mixture of blooms resembling

: foliage color and shape, earliness, vigor, and a thousand other ways, not the least of which is seed pro- ducing ability—an important point with the commercial producer.

hus, in annuals, the plant breeder’s work is just begun when he makes his initial cross, producing what is known as the F, (for first filial generation) hybrid seed. The seed produced by the hybrid, called the F,, is planted the following sea- son and the above mentioned mixture of

the modern plant breeder is reassured, at least ,by the knowl- edge that order will eventually be brought Out of chaos. His predecessors were not so fortunate.

1 base, and progress has been con- siderably faster in the last fifty years.

this time, it should be clear that the petunia breeder envies his brother the rose breeder, and you can see why. Take, for €xample, the matter of sterility. Will a fine hybrid tea rose not set seed? Too bad, but it doesn’t really matter—roses are Propagated from budwood. On the other hand, when a fine petunia refuses to make

viable pollen, it’s the end of the line—the plant may be grown from cuttings for a season or so, but disease finally takes it and the strain is lost. Again, the dream of all small boys is a seedless watermelon,

t that is obviously a contradiction in terms, for melons are short-lived and such a cross would have to be hand-made anew every spring.

And now we pause for a moment's con- templation. For it 7s possible, of course, to make that cross anew every spring. Ex-

year after year, producing a perfectly pre- dictable hybrid every time, thus passing on to the gardener the virtues of a hybrid in annual flowers and vegetables. The seeds just cost more.

Well, what does it cost to produce ‘*hand-made seed” every year for sale, as compared with conventional open-polli- nated methods? That depends on many

brid corn, of which practically everyone has now heard, since 90% of the USS.

popcorn cans “emphasize the word ¢'hy- brid.” Hybrid corn costs about 50% more

time to the professional plant grower, which is important enough to justify the cost.

Let us look at this simple “‘cross’’ more closely to see why it is so costly: First, of

has more than enough. Second, we need a female or seed parent, and this plant should be vigorous enough to survive and flourish in big seed fields. When the pistil of this seed parent is receptive, no pollen

18 LASCA

must touch it but the pollen we deliberate-

safe, before the

two crosses, but work indeed when mak- ing thousands. A full-grown petunia plant may have as many as twenty flowers on it, with four or five new ones opening each morning all summer long. Since an acre of petunias contains about 25,000 plants, one may calculate that roughly 100,000 flowers must be emasculated each morning to keep an acre of seed parents free from self-contamination. Then, of course, the proper pollen must be applied, again by hand—but why go on? There is no longer any mystery as to why hybrid petunia seed costs money:

Contrast this state of affairs with the

summer when thousands of teen-agers are available for temporary work. Th wind carries the pollen over from the

o much for what is done—now let us consider the why. A hybrid in vegetatively propagated plants such as roses is the logi-

your own garden that makes it worth the price? The answer is heterosis or “hybrid "first observed by Kolreuter in

tween two pure-line parents produced an F, hybrid that was much more vigorous than either parent. Not necessarily taller, nor larger, but simply stronger and more

LEAVES

able to resist diseases, insects, and tremes of climate. Such a virtue is w come indeed in our cultivated varieti many of which have become so inbred — that they survive only when given loving” care, 4

Secondly, if the parents are sufficiently “true” (that is, pure in a genetic sense, - which usually requires six to eight genera- — tions of strict self-pollination) the Fy hybrid of a cross between them will be re- markably uniform. That too, is a virtue = not always found in present garden types. ~

Thirdly, many otherwise impossible things can be accomplished by the F, hy- brid method. The seedless watermelon, — for example, is quite practical. The fruit a develops normally but the seeds do not. A~ hybrid that behaves this way is the prod- % uct of crossing certain pollen parents on — to a perfectly normal seed parent. The — ouble petunia is a hybrid too, made by 3

capable of bearing seed. Other applica- 1 tions are easy to imagine—how about a— garden léttuce, for example, which would : never “bolt’’ and make a seed head how- | ever warm the weather? That these sev- — eral virtues are worth what they cost has — been amply proved in recent years by the |

hybrid idea to sweep to every corner the world of garden annuals.

and vegetables can be on the mass-pfo- duction basis now enjoyed by corn. On

eal

lo ins i a i sateen —_— = aeeteiiees

WINTER 1955 19

solution lies in the development of seed parents that are ‘‘male-sterile’’ so that the expense of hand emasculation is avoided. There are already hybrid onions produced in this way, and prospects look good in many other species, but that’s a subject for another article. In the meantime, try the

new F, hybrids in your own garden to see

their industry, and sparks will fly in the next few years!

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

Chorisia is a Central and South American genus of flowering trees containing not

e to anyone inter- ested in learning more about this genus. C. speciosa the subject of this note is

more with large pink flowers from No- vember to January. It’s hardiness has not been too well determined but large spect- men trees can be seen at the Bel Air Hotel and on the grounds of the Southern Cali- fornia Automobile Club in Los Angeles.

in the area so far and is a spectacular sight when in full bloom.

Jr. Samuel Ayres, Jr., of La Canada, California, has worked long and hard to

this seed we raised over 400 plants which have been distributed to cities from San Diego to Santa Barbara

and east to Pomona for trial plantings along their streets. The purpose of these test plantings is to determine the range of hardiness and tolerance to varied soil and water conditions.

n the Nursery, the culture has not proved difficult. The seed, which is sup-

a mixture oO

co) heavily spined to completely spineless. There seems to be some indication that the height of the tree, or at least the rate of growth, may be linked to the spinyness of the trunk. The spineless individuals are much taller than those with spines at the present time. Further reports will be made on these plantings when definite conclusions can be made.

Internaional Flower Show 1955: Mar. 11-20, incl., at Hollywood Park, Inglewood, Calif. Educational exhibits featuring California Na- tives, and adopted flora acquired through the California Mission days.

Erratum: Corrected title of article by Richard M. Beeks in Vol. IV, No. 4, Autumn 1954, p. 79: History and Parentage of Zinnia Cultivars.

Courtes

LASCA LEAVES

PETER RIEDEL

y of Santa Barbara News-Press

“To those who know the solitude of the eternal skies—to those who have washed their conscience in the pool of northern lights—to those who have ‘told’ the southern stars as a monk tells his beads—and to all other who have special testimony that the universe is alive with mysticism and resonant with song...’

WINTER 1955

PETER

(May 17, 1873 — December 5, 1954) JOHANNES PETRUS BRUINWOLD RIEDEL, plantsman and horticulturist, active in Southern California’s horticultural history for a full half century, lives still in the hearts and gardens of many a California family, generations of whom have settled in the Santa Barbara area during his life- time there.

Peter Riedel — the characteristically sturdy name by which he is best known — came to the United States from his native Holland in 1893. Within a decade he had commenced the horticultural work and study which soon made him a valu- able aid to residents within his range of knowledge and activity. His particular efforts throughout his career have been in the interest of the home garden and the maintenance gardener. How well he adapted his talents to those interests, in One instance at least, is recorded in his capable teaching of adult classes in horti- culture, both daytime and evenings, dur- ing the prime of his life after abundant €xperience whereof he could speak with authority. Later still he served as Horti- cultural Consultant in the Park Depart- ment of Santa Barbara. His whole aim appears to have been directed toward enhancement of that city and its environs, through intelligent maintenance of the Private garden, and of those garden areas €asily accessible to the public eye.

he basic training of Peter Riedel was acquired after his High School days, in his native country at the Gardeners’ Trade School and the Agricultural and Horticul- tural College at Wageningen. He emi- 8rated to the United States in 1893. In 1905 he entered a partnership with the famed Dr. Emanuele Orazio Fenzi, known to his American associates as Dr. Fran-

RIEDEL

cesco Franceschi, (see Lasca Leaves, Vol. IV, No. 1, Winter 1954) who during this period initiated the introduction of much of Southern California's adopted flora. Functioning briefly as the Southern California Acclimatizing Association, the partnership was shortly terminated. Dr. Franceschi returned to Italy on a respon- sible mission and thereafter business re- lationships between the two men were never rejoined.

Within the current decade Peter Riedel has made strides recording much of the valuable information he has been accumu- lating through his long lifetime, working on a mammoth set of volumes titled “Plants for Extra-Tropical Regions—A Catalog of the Plants That Are, Have Been, or Might Be Grown Where the Orange and Avocado Thrive, Including Brief Mention of Others Every Plantsman Should Know.” Alphabetically, the letter S” in this work had been reached, and because some provision has been, made. to carry the work to a possible completion, it is hoped that the finished work may be made available to horticulturists. Although the recent past has witnessed a slowing up of working tempo, and the immediate weeks preceding Peter Riedel’s “last trib- ute to nature” were beset by acute distress, perhaps especially for Atje Koopmans Riedel, his childhood sweetheart, and wife since 1897 who survives him, still, his relinquishing of his natural life has its constructive aspect in the heritage he has left to his fellow-horticulturists and num- erous friends — an influence to be felt in the future beyond the confines of the boundaries of California through his work and study for the benefit of true gardeners everywhere who may read of his work and profit thereby.

22 LASCA LEAVES

ARBORETUM MILESTONE Director, Los Angeles State and County Arboretum R. J. SEIBERT

THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 1955, marks a significant step in the progress of the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum. Members of the Arboretum Foundation and readers of Lasca Leaves will be inter- ested to know that the Arboretum opens to the public on this date, to be open on Sundays only until further notice. The Arboretum will be open between :0

tion, bearing their membership card and showing it to the guard at the entrance at 301 N. Baldwin Avenue will be admitted

sign the admittance card, or write for ad- mittance cards ahead of time.

e Arboretum Foundation is under- writing the rental of a grounds transpor- tation vehicle which will facilitate the public in moving from the main entrance to the historical preserve and back to the main entrance. This will mean that the public will not have to walk to and from the portions of the Arboretum now ready for public view.

Since the Foundation is underwriting this means of transportation and its in- surance, the public and members will be expected to contribute a donation in boxes to be provided on the “train.”

Because the Arboretum is still in its infancy of development and only very limited portions of the Arboretum are ready for public view, the public will as- semble at the Main Gate at 301 N. Bald- win Avenue from which conducted tours will leave on every hour and half hour be- tween the hours of 10:30 a.m. and 4:30 p-m. on the Sunday openings.

“Rancho Santa Anita, which now comprises the grounds of the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum.

to grow in Los Angeles County. Picnics are not permitted on the Ar- boretum grounds; however, comple picnic facilities are available at the Arca ‘ ) County Park one and a half miles east OF the Arboretum.

For further details regarding new pod cies and regulations attendant upon 4 opening of the Arboretum to the fe ES see pages 12 and 13, and NA "4 NOTES, and NEWS, page 23.

| a ee en

WINTER 1955 23

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

Of special interest to Arboretum Foundation Members: with

ov 5 om ) B. 5 =) ° ~~ ot ss & o ea 9 nn > 5 =) eo ©, oO nn

necessarily go into effect, in order comply with administra policy d_ regulations nder County Civil Service. All Sunday visitors, including Foun M TS, Wi - quested to accept the guidance officially

0 the Arboretum now develope ot hind oe of being

bho ° ~» < ef,

ve s wou nef ncou ann in allowed to go in areas not yet properly dev eloped {GE preg safeey and in gn of visito vide all visitors with background

eir enjoyment and

Profit in visiting it. Or 0d conducted tours af ia arrangement through the Arboretum office have been offered

tas gpichice a ou ivil Service hours ye ich provide for two das a week off-du Le. a : hou k ays a

weekend Spo

In conducting the u

hs Ps may now be arranged a ha lowing ays only: Wednesday naib seared: eran se holidays, ‘betwee and 3:0 Call DO ds 73

Botanists ue horticulturists, = well as other ee ie individuals, may apply for entrance tud

a he Arboretum oe ao field study or er allied pu esse: Grounds permits will be 8tanted to them in off assist such Persons in their work and study ds per- ro are also issued to members of beni So, ore Foundatio Inc. embers

: uthern California Horticultural Institute, ing esentatives of mem clu other quali-

fied j

Obtained at the tem ce building, inside and a 39 to an ae i the temporary Nor

y tide g Old Ranch Road, tcadia, or ee ade by calling

:30 p.m ‘ tion is extende d to visit the Arboretum 8 oe ferquently, accepting opportunities to

berg these pai stages of a long term develop- which is expected to reach major s pent meri in ea ye ars

he first meeting of the Nationa Shade T

cae to be held w ue wisn ssisipp, wi sion hp considerable horticul- tural interest to those sending’ it next ins st

1 ta ara, Californi ti the Western Chapter of r National Shade Tree Conference will be host to

discussion of various facets o planting, and care of shade and ornamen ntal trees

The Nat tional Shade Tree Conference has as

and ad- a

its component skills. Also, toward suEfonsiet legislation to suppleme these object

A great ae al of effort on the Spe of the Conference has been

tons estate of native Geunds of timber and other plant

The Wes .C., is planning ruly ‘eetern peeaine 5 ‘program for the any of who ill be i

ment too large for the patio All persons who ir spoon ee bea auty, shade. ctical value of stre and ornamental o-

end a ordi cable to register and usa these meetings.

Calendar Notes: pee from p. 13) Herb Society of ae Southern get aie Unit: January m o be a stud the family sie ee) sek gold emphasis on Y hous h may be

mbers th called sesh: For details of tim

onday of the month to changed because of conflict with New Year's Pe activities.

24 LASCA: LEAVES

BOOK REVIEWS AND COMMENTS

Lasca a oppo Vol. 2, was issued in October

1954 as the Annual Report at th 3-54, of the

) tis County of Arboreta

and oe Gardens, an TNE ER pitiasien yea BS shies eater County Adm

- tion. Pa f und, multil LO nes per inc ludin d grounds. La Ss iin ; nounced an ad ee i eh in Lasca Leaves, hs No. 2, Sp {, p.48, the complete, ittees unpublished fides of John re nson’s com- ie nsive work, A Botanist in Southern Afric Bo ee ssues are ava lable ae pe Reece files. Box 688, yi dia, yeh $2.00 p Bi don wa to California yee

d ers). ecial e Ne angements may sy a solicited by other botani- cal Pant horticultural institutions.

ithed, 46 fice €

by William Hertrich

Saran in the ote Gardens —William Hertrich. Huntin Library, California: 1954. 80 pp. i and white Blotiemaie. William Hertrich

Huntington Botanic Garden, is eminently qual fied to write of the camellias ¢ e Huntington Garden, for he has watched the collection gro from the original purchas e of a few nts in 1908, to. the Et

US is hich he is writ-

ing to. describe these heii plantings at Huntington,

> Huntington camellia an cob gps slowly oe chance acquisitio a sional pu es until the year 194

definite leven of enlarging and Seveninn it

was undertaken. An agreement reached with the ssn a ornia Camellia Society in 1944 establis me

oe fay a pee 18.) A © Qo. oD

eties, as th The horticultural i A f tt

1 re nals called. ai in the rolume should be

given

first ele of thi of extreme interest to every camellia grower, whether he has fe plants or many. Common problems of culture such as planting, transplanting, water- ing, fertilizing and pruning are treated with especial reference to the southern California ul: yen

for it seems ae t poor seriphae ship is a common cause of failure in growing

amellias in this region. Bud dr ro, the dismay at sO inary home gardeners, is described an its Causes given.

he discussion of individual cultivars, which occupies the bulk of the volume, is noteworthy for its careful cataloguing of the c ‘ters plant and for the

liste d alphabel tically Noteworthy

the end = the descriptions of some p long years of close observation could result in th fame ed detailed information as is given

“The photographs, all — at the Hunti a ton Garden, are su _ It is not often tha wer texture sige quality are so beaut

ower reproduced as : s set - picture 2S, po ot photographer 3 an oat ave o be compli

ed upon the uti of the product S regret that t t

character of

olor, but r the ore of the a ap show far more 0 oa

the flower than do the three color ‘reproducti

which are included.

The volumes to be published

eries will include the ini ti Camelli iad japonica an cies of Camellia. In et ‘of the tren interest in the <0? and t of cultivars in paar and C. resiculatay these later ve sues. sho uld nee as helpful as this first one of a handsome serie

in this

KATHERINE K. MULLER Director, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Santa Barbara, Calif

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1954

Previeah 0 ie Go eke FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Vice-President and Executive S CIM I oc a RONALD B. TOWNSEND ROOPELAPY 6 oon co els oe ede as Pe GEORGE H. SPALDING PPRSUI EE. Ck a ee Ce KENNETH BISHOP

BOARD OF DIRECTORS WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C, EVERETT MANCHESTER Boppy EARLE E, HUMPHRIES HowarpD BopGER MILDRED E, MATHIAS PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AyRES, JR. Murray C. MCNEIL

ROBERT CASAMAJOR Henry R. Davis HuGH EVANS

MANFRED MEYBERG LOVELL SWISHER, JR. Roy F. WILcox

MEMBERSHIPS

Annual Meaber ose rts own eeu $ 5.00 year Group Or A2aD oo es) 5.00 year Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year Contributing “Member: . sc sansa ts es 25.00 year Commeccal Meier. 5. ose oi coke sn sees ees 50.00 year Sustaining MemNet coe ico ood on oi ews ames 50.00 year Life Memes occ ssc ieee re ess 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class

MEETINGs: 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 7377 Santa Monica Boulevard Fiesta Hall of the Community Building

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

LASCA LEAVES

The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

Sponsors of

LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM

Operated by LOS ANGELES COUNTY DEPARTMENT of ARBORETA AND BOTANIC GARDENS Box 688 Arcadia, California

DOuc.as 7-3444

MOONEE 7 ORMERT oc Director

MOOUGE TLCSPAOING 2 Superintendent

GEgaee Rew ec we tena we peve es Pha Poyuologs

CALIFORNIA

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

‘

a

na lle = mer cg, ‘

<i i

Apr, eK

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

PURUMOR Ewin ater cate aaa File dans Fe wl BK SAMUEL AYRES, JR. NEVER 6 i 'o eawane eointe ba Ee bw Mrs. Harry J. BAUER Dr eNO ech a eae kok ARR UE ES ROBERT CASAMAJOR Pe ee Pe ne eee ee ee er ee ee eae Howarp A. MILLER

RALPH D, CORNELL Mrs. JOHN R. MAGE

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN SAMUEL MOSHER

JOHN ANSON Forp Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS

J. D. FUNK HAROLD F. ROACH

WILLIAM HERTRICH Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER

LIONEL LouIs HOFFMANN _ HENry C. Soto

CHARLES S. JONES FRANK E. Titus

JOHN C. MACFARLAND Frits W. WENT

HONORARY TRUSTEES

FRED W, ROEWEKAMP Mrs. J. J. GALLAGHER MANFRED MyYBERG

MEMBERSHIPS Anumiel Associate Menorah. ois os oh aS we Ue eas $ 5.00 PEL, IIo eg ohana pew ROpeaned eas 10.00 Annual Contributing Membership.........00.++e0eeeeesnes 25.00 Annual Sustaining Membership... ox ccc a sone seep ceeeseane 100.00 SURE BOONSRE CENDCIINI Ns fos 056s lw a Kx ena eee wnes 250.00 Ratt RED oe Kite vn Ria eee eek et aenka anes 500.00 POG as oe es bee A ie oe $1,000.00 or more CRG ies in oe oh wad ee bee eae 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. ADDRESS

Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

a iii iene iain

SPRING 1955

Lasca Leaves

Quarterly publication of the Southern areas Horticultural a and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. Issued on the first of January, pets nae and October.

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMA JOR MILDRED oo PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER Puitip A. M WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. Samune

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Garden Northern Californias feovea ves McCLINTOCK Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K. MULLER ee California—RONALD B. TOWNSEND

Economic Plants eigtieng \is508ee ee ora RUSSELL J. SEIBERT Geo- wees oad PIA PONS aks os ee as Louis C. WHEELER Flistoricad 5 tae ty eee es ee i Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN Hortigtuns sk See tee a ee Cee VERNON T. STOUTEMYER Landscape Design: 305 05 boi vcs ee ae RALPH D. CORNELL Native California PORE ca: cia caea Pa et eae Se Percy C. EVERETT Orchids (57 os gh pe ee ee ys ROBERT CASAMAJOR Ornithologient seg oss Sage ec tg ens W. Dan QUATTLEBAUM Plant Material 3003,.. ..: MILpRED Davis, PHILIP EowARD CHANDLER Plsnt Patna os oy fv ences wee ecas: PIERRE MILLER Plant ties Ve ude baw RO Ow cee ton GEORGE H. SPA G Bee RRR ES ONE Cad ie aR a gh W. QuINN Buck Taxsacttiy “of PO bus ews MILDRED MATHIAS Taxonomy of DeMivite 250. ie os woes hes Puitip A. MUNZ

JANET WRIGHT, Editor

VOL YV APRIL, 1955 No. 2

CONTENTS Veitch’s Nursery: Pioneer olga of Tuberous Begonias. Elmer J. Lorenz 27

An: Hosior to Williams Pere ee es Se eae eee 30 Bromelia balansae Mez Bee he ais eat eC lraly Sie sns Joseph Schneider 31 Covet: Pictire 50g te ee Oe ee oe es cles bale 3 Plant bodies for 1954 eat 2 cy ES ent bas area! Philip mcg Rec asta 35 Alfred Cock Mottes--A “Yeates os os 00 Sek oes temyer 36 Blue-flowered Native Plants A Calfornite ce ose ee eek es rs Brrkt 38 1955 International Flower Show i sgauer Pia F. W. Roewekamp 42 Dew Research at the Arboretmiy. 62.4. 266s coe Louis B. Martin 43 Bird Se eae Oe Ce ak ee Eee ROS W. Dan Quattlebaum 45 Calendat So ee eh eb iiiocaa ee ees Growing Nobis 5608 6 PRC es George H. Spalding 46 Names, Notes and News

De, Liberty Mode Bailey ce. .5 0. ose ec iy eee eii Philip A. Munz 47

IMASCOL Ney orig we ee ans te a es Ve oe Oise Ecos la 48

48

Book: Redisgr cst re Oe oi Se eae

LASCA LEAVES

BEGONIA MODEL.

Illustration of hybrid Begonia x Model in J. Veitch’s Catalogue of Plants of 1875.

SPRING 1955 27

VEITCH’S NURSERY

Pioneer Hybridizers of Tuberous Begonias

ELMER J. LORENZ

One of the early and perhaps the most active peas of individuals in the intro- hybridizing of begonias, par- ticularly the tuberous section, was the well

bulbs, etc. Among their collectors they em- ployed the work of such men as Thomas Lobb, William Lobb, and E. H. Wilson.

eal, V.M.H., were the most active ave wider interest to

plant lovers by their introduction of new hybrids

The Veitch Nursery has existed in name

oO EF. —< inal °o Low J p ~ Cc 3 = oO ln) ° es M< oO > od 4 a fo s =] 09 os oO ay Len J oO aw

in begonia collections. The records of plants introduced by the

! f magazines, particularly the Curtis Botanical Magazine, and in the

"self. However, probably the most com- plete record is contained in ‘Hortus

Veitchii” by James H. Veitch, printed for private circulation only, in 1906, Much of

quoted freely from information contained in “Hortus Veitchii.”’

Almost fifty years ago John H. Veitch wrote under the heading, Begonias—An- dean or Tuberous-Rooted Species: “The numerous garden varieties of this séction of the genus are among the most popular of the summer-flower plants of the present day, and probably no race has so quickly gained favour or become so widely dis- tributed.

‘This pre-eminence is due to the rich and varied colours of the flowers, the many forms they take, and the ease with which they can be grown.”

A half-century later the same enthusi- asm continues unabated!

he modern summer-flowering tuber- ous begonias are the result of hybridizing between seven wild species, all natives of the Andes of South America. Messrs. Veitch introduced and distributed five of the seven varieties into England. Begonia boliviensis A. DC., B. pearcei a B. veitchii Hook. f., B. rosaeflora Hook. f., were introduced through the efforts of Richard Pearce; and B. davisii Veitch was introduced by Walter Davis. The two tuberous begonias not introduced by Messrs. Veitch were B. clarke Hook. f., and B. cinnabarina Hook. f., which were aila E. G. Henderson of

Pine Apple Place, England.

Weddell first discovered Begonia boli- viensis in the Bolivian Andes, it was Richard Pearce of Veitch’s Nursery who first introduced this begonia into cultiva- tion. B. boliviensis was exhibited for the first time at the International Horticultural Show in Paris, in May 1867. It is stated to have “‘attracted more of the attention, both of botanists and horticulturists, than

>

28 LASCA any other plant then brought to that mag- nificent exhibition.”” This beautiful be- gonia is still found growing in our collec- tions. The plant is of erect growth to ap- proximately twenty-four to thirty-six inches high, but as the plant matures it has the habit of becoming pendulous. The lanceolate leaves on very short petioles are our to five inches long and sharply ser- rated, bright green above, with red mar- gins, and pale green beneath. The flowers are produced on short stems, in the angles the leaves, and are bright cinnabar- scarlet, the male flower being twice as long as the female. Klotzch placed B. boli- viensis in a new proposed genus called Barya because the stamens were in elongated column, instead of the globular cluster typical of begonias. However, De Candolle eventually merged the new genus Barya into the genus Begonia.

Begonia pearcei was the next outstand- ing discovery to be introduced by Veitch’s Nursery. This species was sent to England from La Paz, Bolivia, by Richard Pearce. As this begonia had yellow flowers it was an important parent in introducing the yellow and orange colors in the tuberous begonia hybrids. These colors were un- known in the tuberous hybrids prior to the introduction of B. pearcei.The ornamental foliage of many of our present-day tuber- ous hybrids is the result of B. pearce? an- cestry. This species was distributed in 1866, and it is still quite common in our present-day collections.

During the year 1866 Richard Pearc introduced another tuberous begonia which he had discovered near Cuzco in Peru, at an elevation of 12,000 to 12,500 feet; it was named Begonia veitchii, and was first flowered in England in 1867. Because this plant was found at such high altitudes it was thought that it might prove hardy in certain parts of England. How- ever, B. veitchii failed to withstand the combined effects of cold and damp English winters. It is mentioned as a superb spe- cies and was described by Sir J. D Hooker, in the Botanical Magazine as “Of all the species of Begonia known, this is, I think, the finest. With the habit of Saxi- fraga ciliata, immense flowers of a vivid

i) =)

LEAVES

vermilion cinnabar-red, that no colourist can produce. ...” B. rosaeflora was another of Richard

Pearce’s introductions, and

producing some tuberous begonias of the late nineteenth century.

white-flowered tuberous Begonia was ob- tained, and sent

flowers in this species varied greatly, and a white-flowered form sent home by him some years later, proved identical with the seedling known as Queen of the Whites. Begonia davisii was the last Andean . species of tuberous begonias to be intro- duced during Veitch’s time. This begonia was named after its discoverer who foun it growing near Chupe, in Peru. Because of its dwarf compact habit and erect flowers this begonia played an important role in hybridizing work carried on by John Seden, “who rapidly evolved several garden forms possessing most 4d esirable qualities and of a very high order.

B. boliviensis and an unnamed Andean species was called Begonia x sedenii as a compliment to the hybridizer. The Royal

SPRING 1955 29

slightly rose-coloured; the flowers are of the richest magenta and of large size.”

The first double-flowered tuberous be- gonia was obtained from seeds produced by self-fertilized flowers of Begonia x sedenii,

Begonia x chelsoni was the next begonia hybrid produced by John Seden and it was

were larger and a glossy red in color.

Begonia x intermedia followed and it was the result of hybridizing two Andean species, namely B. veitchii and B. boli- viensis. This hybrid was first distributed in 1872 and described in the Plant Cata- logue as follows: “In habit it partakes strongly of Begonia boliviensis, bein

pp

a and form of Begonia Veitchii and re- semble it also in colour, but are of a rather darker shade.”

In 1874 two more begonia hybrids were offered : Begonia x Stella, the progeny of Begonia x sedenii crossed with B. veitchii,

d with a robust d popular subject for summer-bedding.”’ Offered for distribu- ton in 1875 were Begonia x Excelsior and Begonia x Model. Begonia x Excelsior Was obtained from Begonia x chelsoni crossed with B. cinmnabarina, and it is de- scribed as a “very free-blooming variety, With large flowers of the form of Begonia ve-tchii and the colour of Begonia cinna- arina. It was one of the bedding Be- g0nias of its time.”

blush colour, and of the finest shape.” During 1876 two named hybrids, Be-

between the extremities of the alternate narrower petals; the petals of both stami- nate and pistillate flowers are beautifully veined symmetrically with the edges.” This same year saw another cross between Begonia x sedenti and Begonia x Stella which was called Begonia x Kallista. The flowers ‘“‘of a rich vermillion-scarlet, were the darkest shade of that colour known at the time. Later Kallista gave rise to many varieties from self-fertilized seed.”

Begonia x intermedia. tioned that this begonia “with bright ver- million-scarlet flowers, was, when distri- buted, undoubtedly one of the finest of all the earlier successes.”

The hybrid tuberous-rooted begonias produced mostly flowers of various shades of reds, but a definite break occurred with appearance of Begonia x Queen of the Whites which was developed from a batch of seedlings of B. rosaeflora. Begonia x Queen of the Whites is described as “'re- sembling Begonia rosaeflora, dwarf and furnished with orbicular leaves and deep- ly-sunk veins ; the flowers, 2 to 21/, inches

To be continued

LASCA LEAVES

AN HONOR TO WILLIAM HERTRICH

A second national honor came to Wil- liam Hertrich, Curator Emeritus of the Huntington Botanical Gardens, San Ma- rino, when The Garden Club of America bestowed its Medal of Honor upon him during its annual national convention in Houston, Texas, where he and Mrs. Her- trich journeyed to attend the presentation banquet, March 9th, 1955. The award had not been made since 1949 and Mr. Hertrich is the ninth recipient since it was instituted i in 1920. Similar distinction was

of Honor service in horticu presentation of which was made in San Marino by the Society's representative, Alfred C. Hottes ( Pp. 30 issue Lasca

1940-50 decade, Mr. Hertrich shared this honor with Sir ‘Arthur William Hill, Di- rector of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, Dr. Elmer D. Merrill of the Arnold Arboretum, the late Lord Aber- conway, ee Horticultural Society, Lon- don, Dr. Wilson Popenoe, Dir. Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Honduras, and To the Cactus and Succulent Journal us oo rica, of first reproducing photographs of t

others of equal stature. A full fifty years ape

Mr. Huntington's ‘death in 1927 he be- came Curator of the Botanical Gardens. Under his direction this public trust of 200 acres of beautiful valley land, with its incipient Huntington Library and Art

Gallery, grew to the extraordinary pro- portion and enviable cultural importance it enjoys today. The famed institution now of Directors,

t

material. The editorial body o Laver is both te aared and edified by Mr. Hertrich’s close and ready association with its duties and responsibilities ever since its inception. We salute him with hearty congratulations on oe new recognition

of his fine purpose

Vol. 27, No. 2, March, 1955, goes the privilege onor, ya and back, since Lasca Leaves’ press

Medal of Ho date was prior to he presentation rai photographing of the medal

ANNOUNCEMENT

The hos ag Arboretum Foundation, Inc., ment of Mrs. Lee a soa as Executi

Road, Arcadia, at the Los reece Stat

aia Coun

takes pleasure in announcing the appoint- ger of The Foundation to

phone for The California Arboretum Faauaaiaa Inc., will be DOuglas 7-8207.

To val sie fone pe to the bird- watcher, and the eader sg eye for color: the March issue wey Arizon High mde sahashes monthly by the Arizona High ys Department, is de- voted almost ssi ity a brilliant collection of si sh selected from a forthcoming

ork, “The Birds of the Western United

States,” thor, in 3 vols. containing a full-page co te itustrations

stantially all species of wester The pore and — will ested i i with ose map aot plots aphs

Ens SE es sca ae a en es ia Sia wes

Arboretum. The new office tela a

by Don Bleitz, For qypie es and au-— 12

iebimiieteee? " piabiabeiaammns ane aes

SPRING 1955 31

BROMELIA BALANSAE Mez.

JOSEPH SCHNEIDER

Bromelia balansae Mez. is a prominent member of a very nea Pier the Bromeliaceae, so name or of Olaus Bromel, Swedish sate This plant group of about forty genera and about nine hundred species, ranging in size from the little inch-high gem, T7/landsia eru- bescens, to es whose old stems ap- peared

(Tillandsia usneoides), and some of the most beautiful flowering plants of tropical and semi-tropical Amer- ica, not excepting orchids. They are found from South Argentina to Texas and South Carolina. The family includes many eco- nomically important members, the pine- apple widely cultivated for food, and the Spanish Moss whose wiry stems are used as vegetable fibres in upholstery, and sev- eral species in use mostly locally as a source of some of the finest of fibres for the making of fishnets, baskets and cloth. Bromelia balansae had been known in

s Bromelia serra, until M. B. lando, Florida, a famous plant explorer of Bet igs eo times, and ““Bromels” as the n ieee identified the plant as balansae. It honored a Mr. Balansa

of Uruguay, the ieee where it is found in greatest numbers. Little is known here of Mr. Balansa. fegrnes the plant has

been recorde er various names,

guanensis, B. Ligidte. and B, karatas. The Atkinson of Leucadia, Calif.,

teana (Billbergia raieny. To av continued conflict, vg re- Dae rubro-viridis. It kno

where Mr. Atkins fixe shia this plant,

possibly from the late Mr. Beecroft of En- cinitas, who was the first one here in Cali- fornia to import bromeliads and seeds of bromelias from Europe.

Br. serra can be found occasionally in gardens of plant lovers. It is somewhat smaller than Br. balansae and when flow ering can be readily distinguished, its in- florescence a roundish head about the size of a large fist, so densely covered with a white tomentum that the flower tips seem to be barely protruding from a cotton ball. The flowers rise above the envelop- ing bracts.

balansae

Mez. as

& *

grown in the Gardens, San

ik is H wcaorae stemless, thirty to fifty or more leaves in a rosette, shiny dark green ihre whitish below, arching gracefully, and ending in a long tapered point. The leaves are from two to four feet long, aa quarters to one-and- a-half inch wide; the leaf bases are wide and succulent, ti hily clasping the stem. The blade, rather stiff, slightly channelled, is armed with exceedingly shar ne- pointed prickles, from three- -quarters to an inch-and-a-half apart, pointing out- ward for the most part, but sometimes to- ward the center of the plant the prickles reverse and turn inward toward the base. e pressure marks of these prickles, formed before the leaves unfold, are dis- cernible upon the upper leaf surface and even more

ing off, but persisting upon the lower leaf surface, giving it a grayish appearance.

ese diminutive scales are moisture-ab- sorbing organs characteristic of some xerophytic and semi-xerophytic bromelias ; they often form attractive gray bands and patches. Parallel veins give the underside

ere Ure Gn ee

32 LASCA a finely ribbed spine t these veins about a hundred in number across the width of the leaf, are ake very tough fibres of surprisingly high tensile strength, wet or dry. I do not know if these fibres are utilized where the plant is native. The fibres are in a single layer, unlike those in yuccas and agaves, where fibres are distributed throughout the body of the leaf. The tissue between upper and lower leaf epidermis is a thin layer of transpar- ent spongy cell mass, fairly thick towards

tra and opening up the entire lea rosette; few plants show a more refreshed

the outermost vein forming a triangular hooked brownish prickle as the crest o the wave, the horn-like point sharply bent at an approximately right angle, never curved, its point paralleling the leaf mar- gin, sma uarter-inch—but small as they are, their knife-like sharp- ness and fine point can penetrate the skin and lacenste severely.

One might ask, “Why keep such a thing in a garden?” It is at flowering time balansae has an almost irresisti- ble appeal ; ; in spring, or early summer, or at almost any time if a fairly mature speci- men is shocked by transplanting, the center leaves begin to change color, With- in a few weeks, slowly at first, the tips redden, and quickly the center of the plant assumes a brilliant red color,—a many-rayed flaming star, giving the plant its common

blades at right angles to the spike-like in- florescence, white, papery, clasping leaf- bases tightly sheathing the short branches

LEAVES

of the raceme. Towards the top the leaves become gradually shorter, and at the tip rudimentar inflorescence, stems, bracts, and sab! bracts are SH with a white mealy tomentu Sub-branchlets with short-pedicelled gies, from three to fifteen in number and in

quarters-inch long, three-petalled, peek out from their individual white bractlets.

a flat cluster, ©

The flower details are also most in- —

teresting. Petals are about three-quarters- inch long and three-eighths-inch wide,

wine-colored, almost maroon, with a white —

edge at the rounded tip. The three over-

lapping petals form a tube and do not — open wide, but they show the three-parted — pistil, and a rin g of surrounding bright —

yellow anthers. Within a few days, the inflorescence is fully aepelsaad, about two to two-and-a-half feet in height, with thirty to fifty clusters, in the same arrange- ment around the stout stem that groups the leaf rosette, apparently in a double spiral. The first flowers will still be in

flowers seem to have a slightly fruity odor.

Cool humid weather will favor pollination and development of the fruit. The flowers

seem to be self-fertile ; 2 probably held :

in the pollinizing. The

in diameter,—roundish, n the numerous fruits are tightly packed in a cluster, they are likely to appear defor med

because of the pressure. The tip of each is — slightly depressed and bears the very pef-—

sistent remains of the dried papery petals

and stamens and pistil. In its early stage, —

the fruit is covered with a white, floccose

tomentum that soon wears off. Each short-_ pedicelled berry is subtended by the tough”

papery bractlet about three-quarters inch

long and three-eighths inch wide. The

fruit is indehiscent, rather dryish; from one to fifteen seeds are embedded i

ous pulp w running thro These ices running socinifucinatiy are :

uit is a bright orangey berry, three- aeaien to one inch — whe

SPRING 1955 33

Left: Normal fruiting spike. of Bromelia balansae Mez. about 6 months after flowering. Right:

Rare abnormal fruit, club-shaped spike, cause unknown. Courtesy Huntington Botanical Gardens.

continuation of the fibres of the stemlet and are not netted, The skin of the fruit

tver, it causes a very disagreeable rawness in the mouth and throat, lasting for many long painful hours. The effect seems to € due to a meat-digesting enzyme. It is said that in Uruguay, the fruit is used in 4 tefreshing drink; the sugar content sug- Sests fermentation possibility and it may € used in this way; after distillation, it should certainly furnish a very potent drink, The full-fruited spike densely set ee niles shiny fruit, is a long-lasting at- faction in the garden, often lasting for a year Or more. The fruit does not drop: this is due to lack of an abscission layer

interposed between stem and fruit, the woody fibres of the fruit’s stem continu- ing through into the fruit itself, and not allowing it to drop, as an apple does, for instance.

When the formerly bright red bract- leaves have reverted to their green color,

n ‘ probable that the plant depends upon its seed for increase. Off-shoots rather, seem the means of the plant's perpetuating it- self. Twelve to eighteen months before

near soil-level, at the lowermost tiers of

34 LASCA

the leaf-rosette ; light brown spears, slight-

half- to three-quarters-inch thick, tightly imbricated with finely toothed, stiff, long deltoid scale-leaves having horny tips. The scale-leaves are about two inches long and three-quarters-inch wide at base, covere

with a fine powdery tomentum, the tightly clasping base brown and horny, shielding

almost comically eager, to start a plant. Upon prolonged good contact with damp earth, this head will push out root- lets from the short, spreading, more papery basal leaves surrounding its neck, and with astonishing rapidity, on its own pore fed from the mother-plant, a new Br. balansae is 5 cetubched Unlike many of the related genera, such as Puya, etc., which mG balansae re- sembles in general appeara seems to form additional hea direct] on the old root stock. The mother-plant provides its many offs i amos te Ce)

fully hide the dried remains of the ol plant, so a clump always provides a clean, tidy appearance.

Br. balansae is not demanding: it grows in almost any soil, provided the soil does not hold water stagnant over too lon time. The ground should be well drained. It is not necessary that it should be deep soil for the plant has no tap-root. The coarse fibery roots cannot penetrate into hard clayey soil. It does get along with a minimum of nourishment and water, tenaciously clinging to life under long ne- glect, but the plant will respond to good treatment, an occasional watering during the hot summer months, and a little ferti- lizer. Under favorable growing condi- tions—i.e. fairly loose soil, with leafmold and some plant debris—it will grow many

~

LEAVES

times the size generally seen where it has to live in some out- _ corner, where nothing else will

_ Bromelia balansae is faicly frost-re-

on the upper leaf surfaces. ere are numbers of xerophytic and semi- ng sia plants of similar growing abits that eeable com- panion oe to Br. balansae, for ex- ample the hechtias, dyckias, and the showy puyas. All these may be seen at their best from early spring when the days warm up until autumn in the re Desert Garden, San Marino, where Mr. William Hertrich, Curator Anecies suahlekel them about forty years a

PICTURE

COVER he rahe ea which sane the

With the tase ose in mind of helpin ng to clarifying som this nomencla-

a

r most unfavorable condi- tions tb Rages its own. Wi i i overgro surrounding p (debris port vier for p of the co

wit yea tw more mal proportions, ats a fi spread aud matching . t,

oo ae + ~p un

to life at its oe

* * * Sunday tours at the Arboretum conducted for the en —_— nt and edification o

of the scutes vin Sunday fo

p. u

tours for spons

be: visitors along its finished road system.

Arrangements for the latter type of tour may m by calling the Arboretum offices

DOuglas 7-3444

m's . storical area are — o 4:00

ring the ak: prearranged conducted

Te Se ee re ee RCE Te ee

public visitors — ith creiteind success ing January —

eaten al

SPRING 1955 35

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954 PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER (con’t. from Vol. V, No. 1) n., 195

Verbena peruviana (V. chamaedryfolia) is an evergreen, almost ever-blooming, perennial prostrate ground cover, with scabrous gray-green leaves 1”-2” long, ob- long or lance-oblong and pointed, sharply serrate or dentate, tapering at the base. The profusion of flowers are scarlet in

bronze slightly with cold nights. It has

long been established on the van estate in Bel Air, and in a few gardens in Santa Barbara, but only this year has it appeared On the market, A native of Peru, southern

is it has alread taken firm hold an

racena eee “(Condling mar gi- “dta) is one of the most valua f all silhouctte plants, the world sicnitd, Never

ut few purchasers realize its ultimate pattern value unless familiar with

it in tropical countries. Extremely slender stems of rough taupe-gray rise from the ground in multiples, in close arrangement. ves, to 2’ long, gray-green edged with maroon, form a oose whorl at the end of each branch, and they drop off as new ones appear at the branch terminals. The total composition is a slender line-drawing of vertical to lean- ing stems topped with ribboned whips. An most indestructible house

of Crassula argentea

An almost ally fascinating dracaena

s D. aurea, a much-branched Hawaiian sie with long narrow golden-green leaves (in California), without petioles, clustered at ends of branches where hang (in Hawaii, probably not in California— at least not in the average — situa- tion) clusters of 2” flower glo

growth in California, the light, succulent ribbon-like leaves, distinctively d faintly lined hori

uy Sr ialee « nt pe brittoni.

Continued next issue

36 LASCA LEAVES

Courtesy of “De La Mare Garden Books”

ALFRED CARL HOTTES—A TRIBUTE V.T. STOUTEMYER University of California—Los Angeles

HortTICULTURE lost a unique and dynamic figure with the sudden passing of Alfred Carl Hottes in La Jolla on February 28. His death was the result of a cerebral hemor- rhage while hanging pictures at a local gallery.

Mr. Hottes was born at Ithaca, New York, March 16, 1891. He graduated from Cornell University in 1913 and one year later received the Master's degree from the same institution. He served as an instructor in floriculture for two years at Cornell, leaving in 1916 to go to Ohio State University to head up the work in floriculture and ornamental horticulture. At Ohio State he wrote many of his books on gardening,

a ae ee ee ee ee ey Re ee lg

Oe

ea

‘y

ee ae

—

SPRING 1955 37

which sold widely. He built up facilities which laid the foundation of one of the out- standing centers of floricultural instruction and research.

In 1929 Mr. Hottes left Ohio State to join the staff of the Meredith Publishing Company, Des Moines, Iowa, where he was garden editor of ‘Better Homes an Gardens” until 1942. This was followed by a move to Ja Lolla, California, where he

r. Hottes was a born collector and most of these hobby interests were pursued over relatively long periods of time. Many of his writings reveal considerable erudition

As a man of unusual versatility and many interests, perhaps it is significant that he was greatly attracted by a number of great figures of art and literature of the Renais- sance type such as Leonardo da Vinci, Goethe, Rembrandt, and others and had made a detailed study of their lives.

Unquestionably, the influence of the late Liberty Hyde Bailey at Cornell University* was the guiding inspiration for his career. The boo ottes complemente admirably the massive contributions of Bailey, but were oriented toward the amateur and the student, as well as the professional horticulturist. His books on plant propaga- tion, ‘The Book of Annuals,” "The Book of Perennials,” ‘The Book of Shrubs,” ‘The Book of Trees,” “Climber and Ground Covers,” “Garden Facts and Fancies,” “One Thousand and One Garden Questions Answered,” and others influenced and guided a whole generation of gardeners and students of horticulture.

He was unusually gifted in sketching, and in later life took up water color painting. He completed many paintings of species of ornamental trees and shrubs grown in Cali- fornia to illustrate a book on the subject. Unfortunately, the cost of publication made “ie appearance of this volume impossible. It could have been published with line illustrations, but he steadfastly refused to compromise on his original plan for the book.

Although he never married, he was fond of children and they were instinctively attracted to him. His unusually wide circle of warm friends substituted for family life. His interest in humanity was matched also by a fervent love, not only of plants, but of the larger world of nature. He was one of those unforgettable personalities we en- Counter all too seldom. ntti

*See p. 47, current issue, Lasca Leaves.

38

BLUE-FLOWERED NATIVE PLANTS OF CALIFORNIA P. C. EVERETT Superintendent of the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, Calif.

Vistrors to Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden for many years have often com- mented favorably upon the naturalistic massing of native annuals, perennials and shrubs. One of the frequent and interest- ing comments has been regarding the wealth of blue-flowered native plants seen in these displays. This interest has sug- gested a few remarks which may give ideas to ie adventurous gardener who is seeking new ways to create different moods or effects.

Considering the subject of flower color for the garden, especially the lack or abundance of certain colors, it is astonish- ing to find that from the world floras have come comparatively few blue-flowered

lants for cultivation. One can dig through long lists of plants and pick out a large number of shades or hues which might be incorporated under the term “blue” but quickly thinking about what is generally used, the list is not long. Stud- ies made of various world floras indicate that less than ten per cent of the species of the world’s plant population are blue- flowered. This rarity of blue flowers has been attributed to the fact that this color ps agi mutations which are supposed to be r

If one follows the exact science of color, then the California flora could be said to y blue-flowered plants. Using the color in its broadest sense in this discussion, it can be stated that we have an extremely rich flora containing blue-flowering plants. Particularly do we find such plants inhabiting

Nevada, and the coastal slopes of southern California. It has been stated that yellow- flowered species are predominant in the desert regions, white in the arctic and sub-arctic regions. in the hot deserts. number of blue-flowered species, but one can hardly i that they dominate the des- ert floral scene

LASCA LEAVES

The majority of the blue-flowered spe- cies are among the annuals, perennials and bulbous groups; however, there are many blue-flowered shrubs found among the California wild a pia lupines, and nightshades. There blue-flowered native trees even ‘hone some ae our na- tive shrubs attain almost tree-like propor- tions.

mon blue-flowered annuals and bulbous plants, following with the perennials and closing with some of the shrubby plants. Perhaps the easiest to grow of our annuals are the commonly known Globe Gilias,

have finely cut feathery foliage, grow up to 3 feet tall, and are topped with many heads of bright blue to violet flowers. Al- though they do well in nearly all soil — types, they prefer age loams and the seed

own in the fall, before the —

winter rains. Best ae are obtained by ©

first loosening the to

light raking followed by a

soil, broadcasting

ing. ae should take place with- —

na week o occasional ee when rains do not come well-developed plants by “ei springs Flowering will continue well in even June, if additional septate a lo esgic

the garden

If weeded and given an | requently enough, one should have | y Or

Aw

fe) colored flowers makes striking pictures in

n the Waterleaf Family we have the —

phacelias and nemophilas, both of which are well-kno

deep violet flowers, P. viscida of a salvia blue with a white center, P. ae

n and quite widely grown. Among these is Phacelia Parryi pot |

|

int

Setatelinitigleeees dh iimmeatie riety ik te de ea es ey | = Cy

¥

=

- _—

SPRING 1955

open or gravelly soils. Phacelia campanularia has been one of the most difficult species to germinate, but recently we sowed the seed in a covering of crushed granite and it did beautfully. The plants were well-branched, to 2 feet tall and covered with many large bell-like flowers of the most intense salvia blue shading into white centers.

One of the most charming members of the Waterleaf Family is Baby Blue Eyes or Nemophila Menziesii. This loosely spread-

in diameter. It is best used along pathways or as a foreground plant in contrast with more vivid colors. As a companion, one should tty the Spotted Nemophila (Nemophila maculata), an inhabitant of the meadows of the central Sierra Nevada. This low

of our native coreopsis (Coreopsis mari- uma) make a very gay picture.

Ing many species of annuals,

and shrubs. From seacoast and desert to

39

high mountain tops, from one end of the State to the other, one will find this in- trepid plant growing under nearly every conceivable condition. It is interesting to note how few of the lupines have ever been introduced into cultivation. The Rus- sell Lupines, which have been selected from one of our native species, are the only ones c xperi- ence indicates that the lupines would not always be amenable to the usual cultural procedures. However, for dry hillsides or

number of very lovely species that can be adequately tamed to meet our require- ments. Lupinus nanus is one of the most useful and commonly cultivated varieties. Seldom growing over eight inches tall and with equal spread, this dainty little plant produces a profusion of ric ue an

white flowers. A plant small in stature, the seed should be sown where it will be near at hand and occupy a position of some im- portance for proper effects. Another spe- cies common to our southern California hills, especially in the heavier clay soils, is the Annual Blue Lupine, Lupinus succu-

tall plants turn many dry grassy slopes to a deep blue. California Poppies are a natural component of the scene and the two in combination make an unforgettable picture. Perhaps of even greater beauty is Lupinus Benthamii, found in the Te achapi Mountains, growing abundantly with the California P i

This species g tall, has rich gentian blue flowers with a yellow spot in the center of the standard, arranged closely on long stems reaching well above the main body of the plant. Unfortunately it is rather difficult to grow under cultivation unless one has a porous gritty soil. There are many other species that could be considered, but space limits this discussion to a few examples of what might be expected in this large and varied group containing plants of all sizes and shapes and ranging in colors from deep blues, purples, violets, lavenders, yellows, whites and to all their intermediate shades.

40 LASCGA To add further change to the garden, one should consider the broadiaeas, com- monl nown as Wild Onions, Blue Dicks, Harvest Brodiaea, Grass Nuts, and Ithuriel’s Spear. Bulbs or seeds may be purchased trom specialists; and colonies will survive for years, if undisturbed by humans and rodents. There are several beautiful species, such as Brodiaea laxa, coronaria, capttata, and aioe whic bear large umbels of deep blue to violet- purple funnelform flowers on rather stout- ish stems up to 2!/, feet tall. Heavy soils that are allowed to bake in the summer

nths and areas where they are allowed to establish themselves in a naturalistic manner are preferred.

the native irises and penstem may be purchased from the specialist nurseryman as growing plants or see ed. None of them is difficult to grow, each f seed

high shade further inland. A good loamy soil is preferred, but other types are found to be acceptable. The most commonly grown native iris is the Redwood Iris, J. Douglasiana, and the variously named horticultural varieties, whic

even orchid commercially available, while in the wild, wide choice of colors from almost white to deep purple. more beautiful picture can one create than to have a broad sweep of the edwood Iris and the California Poppy ? They are in flower at the same time from late March to May, depending somewhat on climatic conditions, and on bright days the effect is quite breath-taking. There are other not so well-known species that fit in well with the Redwood Iris and prolong the flowering season. One, 1. Munzii, a taller and more robust species from an isolated section in the southern Sierra su vada, has flowers that most nearly proach a true sky blue. It is easily oe

LEAVES

from seed as are most of the native iris, — and we hope will become popular with the _ iris fanciers. Iris innominata, a native 0 Oregon, and an exceedingly lovely yellow ee ‘but highly variable, is being used

great deal in hybridizing with the Calt- Sea iris.

Like the lupines, the penstemons are found in nearly all parts of California. Among the many species is a wide range of the shades of blue, the most noteworthy being P. azureus, heterophyllus, and hete- rophyllus Purdy, all producing a great profusion of rich blue flowers on rather ae -growing plants that may spread out

2 feet. Penstemon laetus is a less well- nee species that has rich blue to bluish- purple flowers. Penstemon spectabilis, often called Blue Beard-Tongue, is a taller and coarser species with long spikes up to 2 feet above a 3-foot plant with equal spread. The large, branching in-

florescence is covered with hundreds of —

lavender-purple flowers with blue lobes, often more or less a deeper blue. All of the penstemons need well-drained soils, preferably of a gritty nature, and should be allowed to be on their own after estab- lished. They will do well under general

culture, but will live longer when left en- _

api alone. When used in alae on ry hillside, one will be amply repaid

rae the masses of flowers dices in the |

later spring and early summer months — when one’s enthusiasm for gardening tends to lag.

Among the large number of California

These are the nightshades, some of the members of the Sage Family, the Califor- nia wild lilacs (Ceanothus species); and — the semi-woody lupines. The nightshades

lina Nights tshade, est. It is an inhabitant of Santa Catalina 4 Island, is a soft shrubby type of plant that — attains a maximum size of about 5 feet by

airy Antic the saat from early fall to late

xe ae

ail

te

sail

Sd

SPRING 1955

spring. During the middle winter months, inch-wide lavender blue to purple flowers appear in clusters of six or more blossoms. In combination with its island companion, Coreopsis gigantea, the bright yellow- flowered Tree Coreopsis, and our common component of the soft chaparral, Encelia californica, one has a welcome bit of early seasonal color.

The sages contain a number of plants that might be used, but we will discuss here briefly only the salvias and Woolly Blue Curls (Trichostema lanatum). There are annuals, perennials, and shrubs listed

4 prominent part of the garden. Probably the most distinctive of the salvias is S. Clevelandii, from the dry hills of San Diego County. It has very deep blue flowers borne in whorls on a slender stem to 1 foot or more above a 2- to 3-foot tall

on warm days

from the plants and is the cause of constant inquiries by the visitors as to what is the source of such a distinc- tive odor,

We think of Woolly Blue Curls or Romero (Trichostema lanatum) as one of the aristocrats of the Sage Family. Many long spikes of deep blue flowers clothed with a dense violet wool are borne on a

able comment.

The Bush or Tree Lupines are generally unknown in cultivation except by the gar- dener who has sought out plants that need little care. Ranging in size from 2 to 8

41

mes Lup:nus armoreus, longifolius, excubitus,

nel, Brittonii, Chamissonis and mol- lissifolius. They have dark green to silvery gray leaves and the flower spikes will rise

and is common along the coast. deep yellow flowers shading into the blue and lavender tones. Under cultivation, it never seems to be as attractive as one finds it along the seacoast, where it is often con- fused with Spanish Broom

The other species of Tree Lupines are very hardy individuals and need dry situ- ations for best results. Growing plants

flat or directly into the garden. Soaking in water overnight will speed up the

They bloom for three or four months be- ginning with their first flowers at whatever time of the year they have reached suffici- ent maturity, but normally in early spring

d continuing on through June in our altitudinal range.

So much has been written about the California Wild Lilacs (Ceanothus) that it seems superflous to say more. But one cannot write about blue flowers without giving them their due recognition. Cer- tainly of all the shrubs in California, the California Wild Lilacs are the best known and considered by many to be the finest of all our groups of shrubs. More attention has been given them towards developing new and more satisfactory types for our gardens than for any other type of native

lant. Sierra Blue, Mountain Haze, Sky Blue, Mary Lake, Royal Blue, Julia Phelps are just a few of the more recent good introductions. Blues in all their glory are personified in the delicate, almost ephem-

42 LASCA

eral, flowers that clothe these shrubs in

late spring, hills from one end of the state to the other is softened to smoky blues or white by the thick clothing of this common constituent of the plant life of our state. To go along with this range in color, is an pari diversity of sizes and shapes of plant From the creeping and_ half bettas forms of the coastal regions to the tall upright forms, we have a wide choice of material for garden usages. Banks, back- grounds, hillside coverings and specimen plants are all there for the choosing. True, some of the species prove to be short- lived in cultivation and have to be replaced, but there are now some of the horticultural varieties that seem to withstand common arden culture. Careful choosing and placement of these varieties will add a new tone to your garden. One that will add color, while evoking exclamations of delight from your garden visitors, and

LEAVES

serving as a useful foil for other plants.

there are few plants that can compete, es- pecially where little care and water is the — order of the day. And to tie the garden

make a welcome addition to the modea 4 garden.

1955 CALIFORNIA INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW

The California Internati onal Flower Show at Hollywood Park thrilled See of visi- tors again on its ten , Ma 20. Full facilities of t

Hou use and Pavillion on two floors— ore than 200 "Reauite exhibits

offer: groups, fic cing areas typical o e€ across sink

setting a ony with ues er azaleas in full bloom, a

EDITORIAL COMMENT Lasca Leaves has published the following illustrative and sapien aie contributions of Alfred C Hottes; the magenta are from his original scratchboard sketches Vo 8: illustration and description of Pe em texanum. 4, p. Bs illustration and description of Helichrysum petiolatum. 1, p. 21: illustration and description of Odontospermum sericeum. es illustrations, brief paper on Fuchsias . 88: illustration, Kigelia pinnata, Sausage Tree, divectubaediary to paper on

Vol. III, No. Vol. IV, No. Vol. IV, ss Vol. IV, No. 4, this subject Vol. iV. No.

ae 38: 2 pag

country garden in the Mediterranean manner *

owing its influence on suburban living in Southern California, dwarf citrus, an Ea

parade by bulb growers of id State of Wash- sler Mo

ington in cooperation with t ati

ora ian Pr wl Ta success of this ae event. Frep W. ROEWEKAMP

SPRING 1955 43

PIG.

Support and dew gauge in position at the 7.5 cm. level above bare soil, Station 1.

DEW RESEARCH AT THE ARBORETUM

Louts B.

THE morning of Dec. 31, 1954, at approximately 7:00 a.m., the final dew eposition observation was recorded. Thus concluded two years of daily dew

observations at the first dew research sta- tion in the United States. Dr. Seibert, Lasca Leaves, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1953, introduced our readers to the es- tablitaece of the dew gauge station and gave a detailed description of the methods and materials involved. vdevani invented and de- veloped the | “optical” method of dew ob- servation as it is called. This work was carried out at the Dew Research Station, Karkur, Israel. The a reason for his studies was to fin imple, re- si method for measuring ie extreme-

this research 3 in the province of ari sections of t rid.

Early in 1953, Dr. Duvdevani came to the Earhart Laboratories to carry on cer- tain research fundamental to understand-

MARTIN

ng the use of dew by wait His en- thusiasm and rather str ong concern for dew research brought about the establish- ment of the first dew — in the United States at ee Arboretu

MATERIALS AND METHODS Three stations were set up. Station 1, was over bare soil. St

face, consisted of five levels, 1 meter to 5 meters above the ground, spaced at meter intervals

A dew gauge is a small piece of speci- a “gti and painted wood, (see Fig.

>. kh exposed horizontally at the various epee levels. The gauges were set out each evening and read in the morn- Daily readings were ceded at the end of each month. These data, con- verted to millimeters of precipitation, were used to plot the curves to be presented next

LASCA

RESULTS In Fig. 1, the monthly dew totals in

dinate. The

to the Ms bicoah June, 1

Stat 1 (Bare Soil, shape of the two curves is ‘ares similar. From Jan. through April, of both years, there was relatively more dew than for an other period of the year. The least deposit occurred between May and July, 53 and between May and Aug., 53. In Aug., 53 and Sept. '54, a second peak occurred. If one were to connect the points for Dec. 53 with those for Jan. ‘54 and then draw a base line at approximately the 2.0 mm. level, a wave like pattern appears for the dew distribution throughout the year. The frequency of each crest is about three months, as is each trough. The amplitude for any particular crest or trough is simi- lar in both years. The total amount of dew

53-54). The

|

Pee oa This sta- the 30. cm. level only from Jan. to April; however, the curve

ee

LEAVES

for the monthly dew totals during thi

level, crests and troughs 4 onthly dew total distribution. Here the | eeRae A of dew for the various months compare closely with those of Station 2. The similarity of pattern of the curv for the three stations was of particular | interest. 4 Dew GRADIENT The monthly amounts of dew at each © level for any particular station, known as | the dew gradient, can be obtained fro the curves. This gradient for Station 1 divides the dew distribution into three periods. Firs from Dec. through March, the rainy sea:

deposited near the ground.

ond, from April through Aug., no definite

STATION 1

x

sping aetna

STATION 2 Fic. 2. Graphs of monthly dew di

me we ewe ee

STATION 3

stribution for Stations 1, 2, and 3.

SPRING 1955 45

direction of the dew gradient was ob- served ; generally, the amounts of dew de- Cieased from the mid-levels toward the

the ground upward. The cycle beginning again with Dec. with increasing dew amounts toward the ground.

_ The monthly gradients for °53 at Sta- tion 2 were similar to those of Station 1.

A somewhat sega gradient picture was observed for Station 3. Beginning with July, 53, dhubigh “Oct. the gradient increased upward. From Nov. ’43 through June, i the ieee aga increased downwa year was established res than de ‘hae period bap as was observed for the other two S

DISCUSSION

The Duvdevani “‘optical’’ method for Pee precipitation deposited as dew is simple and direct. n be used any- where in the world, at any pin The Most serious fault of the method lies in the cost of the gauge itself. Work b Duvdevani and others is in progress to ease this difficulty

In Israel, bie demonstrated that beneficint visible differences occurred in plant structure as a result of exposure to dew. At the Earhart Laboratories he dem- Onstrated that plant leaves could absorb water in the form of a mist, translocate it

general, as well as, Serving as a model station for others in the United States

We wish to thank Mr. Dewey Nelson and Mr. Jack Fawcett, without whose de-

ert for his interest and counsel during this project.

BIRD NOTES W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM

boretum seem a to be one of the erm California. The I

number. The Lake attracts many waterfowl Early November, 1954, a fl f about 100 ent a day on lake. This

seen at one time a

if I may include the Peacock, at Arboretum (1) It is one of the few p ti some sa the only place, in this country where peacocks are Ba - . on their own, range, and n s they may choose jas i sry ae Red- bellied Hawk not a resident

i

y in and settle in the cattails and tules to spend the night. After sek sii hd they serenade the departing day with a wonderful “halleluiah chorus.”

top o e tree, and where I sto tree ees as if it were full of blackberries. CALENDAR

anium gee sda hold a

The International Ger annu e a, Calif.,

The plane ed fee rie night of June 11 , will “hold their

ing. It t nnual mee clubs Miss Dione Biddle is sg "hale speake

creat California Camellia Society holds its ast meeting of the 1954-55 season, Tuesda

i i t the San Marino ia en’s Club House, ivi Huntington Drive.

members, em called to order rod Pr coreg Haro d

new president will be installed at this meeting. No featured aenakees: but a panel discussion.

46 LASCA LEAVES

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

THE ARBORETUM was presented in 1951 with two plants of a semi-prostrate pyra- cantha labelled P. Walderi. We have been unable to verify the validity of this name to date. An exhaustive search of the litera- ure is being made so we hope to have additional data for a future note in this

umn,

Several lots of cuttings have been taken at various times of the year. Success in I as been varied and the group placed in bottom heat in July of 1952 gave the greatest percentage of strike.

The illustration shows a group of about a dozen plants of this pyracantha planted near our lathhouse.

It cannot be classed as a true prostrate form as a portion of the new growth is upright. We prune the upright stems off as they appear so that the berries will show off well.

In common with the better forms of pyracantha, it holds its berries for several

The birds do not seem to like them until they are well aged but can clean a bush in jig time when they start.

No trouble has been experienced to date with insects or disease but the plants are growing vigorously, and are in very healthy condition. What the experience will be under less favorable conditions re- mains to be seen.

The plants shown are about three years old, 3 ft. in diameter and were wel berried in January when the photo was taken. The red berries are large and more orange than red. A red filter was used for this picture to make the berries stand out clearly and gives an accurate view of num- ber of berries per plant.

fter four years of observation we feel that this is a very worth while plant and should be more widely used.

ee

SPRING 1955 47

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

ON CHRISTMAS NIGHT there passed away in Ithaca, New York, one of this country’s distinguished men. Ha i March, 1955, he would have been 97 years old. It helps one realize how long was his span of botanical activity to know that as a graduate student at Harvard University, Liberty Hyde Bailey assisted

sa Gray for two years. Gray died in 1888.

Educated at Michigan State College, Dr. Bailey began his professional career 5 ie

and active working year

spent. He went there some sixty-five years ago as a member of the faculty in Agri- culture, later to become dean and to or- ganize and build up a modern college. In- deed it was largely through his efforts that instruction in agriculture and horticulture was developed in a modern way and that much of the formal work began in fields like plant breeding, plant pathology, and plant physiology. Californians may be interested to learn that later the University of California offered him the deanship of its College of Agriculture, but that he de- cided to remain in New York state. Dr. Bailey retired as dean at Cornell in 1913.

work in this family.

Dr. Bailey is undoubtedly most widely known for his writings on economic

Beginning at a very early period he grew plants in his own and the University’s gardens, not only for breeding work but to learn something about their kinds and forms. After retiring from active admin- istrative work he i

the systematic botany o cultural importance. He himself acted as director of this institution until quite re- cently.

Through the Hortorium’s official journal “Gentes Herbarum’” many important arti- cles have been published, including papers by Bailey himself on the cultivated bras- sicas, cucurbitas, and hostas, etc., as well as thousands of pages on blackberries and palms. Still better known are Bailey's books like the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, Cyclopedia of American Agriculture, Manual of Cultivated Plants, and Hortus. There were also innumerable lesser volumes like The Holy Earth, The Gardener, The Gardener’s Han k, How Plants Get Their Names, Manual of Gardening, The Nursery-Manual, The

Evergreens, etc.

one man combining in a single lifetime a series of careers (educa- tor, administrator, systematic botanist, horticulturist) any one of which would have earned him permanent fame. Per- haps the most fitting way to remember this great and vigorous man will be as Dean of American Horticulturists.

PHiLiep A. MUNZ

LASCA

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

Mr. Victor C. Davies, Managing Director of Duncan poe Davies, Ltd., Nurseries, New Ply- mouth Ww

and, and Mrs. Da avies, ~ ea on

rough to receive s pro rig new lawn grass from New ealan and Australia, one which shows oasis promise at the A = wire asa ‘cdicmiandal resistant, year-round green lawn gra

Arbor Week: the ee was able to accept and carry through Arbor Week ceremonies wit the help and ages of the Los mg Garden Club = Las Jardineras. Las Jar neras contribut cere for the ie igs x es Magnolia Canphe llii to add to the growing magnolia collection, a most ae duplicate of this beautiful Himalayan Sona: bon only in the h. The n Club

ajubea cocoides. hips pees ceremony took sive on March 4th, a

Major Brae a a Wormley, England, sone

ing in this country, ho the Arboretum February 11th b jas 3 several oa erving devel p ures ce

noted English horticulturis, Maj rves n the Board of yal Horie Socie iety

e John pack iad tit ute. The s Pami- ov of the Amaryllidaceae family was named rt Major Pam weithi n recent

veo Shade nes Gonlerenc ay Conven tion, Aug. 1955: San

Annual

workers, scienti

field of a

iam of Griff ee Serv oo Barbara. Committee chairmen are as fol.

" Wrade Exhibits—Ray v0 Hartman, Leonard Coates Nurseries, San Jos : Education Exhibits —Lynn M. F. Harriss, fae a — City

Hall " Oakland. Properties —Finl f Parks, a Ba a Safe

Domssieutioas ck ; Mane a A. P Dept., Ci l, s Angeles; Publicis fe Walter J. Barrows, Supt. of Parks, City Hall, deg Field Demonstrations—Dale

pany, 117 14 No. Mentor Ave., Pasadena; Ladies’ Program—Mrs., J. S. Harris, Pe Hemet Park

LEAVES |

oe 234 ee Buena Vista, Hemet. tive program beginning at 2:00 p.m Sunday. “Tal 3 Ist, 1955, and ending with a trip

eys commencing at 1:3 on Yadey, jaa 5th, has been scheduled and will Be announced in detail in the nex f aves sides business meet-

s and events, including a boat trip and i ual ets s for the women attending, — ative interest

° t=] om tal va) a0 Bo or 55 & ) 5 Qa.

e€

runing. for the mer is ) No. 3) for Seabee ee ils.

‘ EB:

B De Gardeyne Boke: “A ie on of Quota tions he pected and Sent — Gathe red aa Arranged by Jennie Day Decorations by Spencer Wright, Pu blished is Paul Elder id Co., San Francisco and New York, 1906.”

eae § “B arden

a place of spiritual paced meine. peace, re- fecskonkak: delight

RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

The ibe ait Pits venture. A Tribute to Alice” Eastwood, 1859-1953: Susanna Bryant Dakin. coreg ne ie of Sciences, San Franciscdll 1954

Alice Eastwood was a fornian and west American 14

e en ife dwood grove has been named for her, a picnic pee near at oe foot of Mt. Tamalpais is all

a

the volume bein ted to one ss

ood’s mo ap e is titled “Early Botanical Explorers on the Pac Coast and th e€

3 Miss Eastwood in both her later years.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1954

PRONTO ie eek aed ws FRED W, ROEWEKAMP Vice-President and Executive Secretary........ RONALD B. TOWNSEND SENS ht cask oh eae A GEORGE H. SPALDING fs Sane ree Cee ta eR Sentra MR mon Mt etTY KENNETH BISHOP

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C. EVERETT MANCHESTER BopbDy EARLE E. HUMPHRIES HowarpD BODGER MILDRED E,. MATHIAS PHILIP EpwARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND

RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C, McNEIL ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HuGH Evans Roy F, WILcox MEMBERSHIPS Auuel Oey 6a ood weer wa «eee ee $ 5.00 year 5.00 year

Contributing: Merabet : 0.6 oo ene oe ee es 25.00 year Commercial Membet. oie is cee rcs tone 50.00 year DuaSCalinenis ICME 36s Li's Cae bw Se sae ee 50.00 year

Life Membershiy oc 06 eos Ove s ae chee cana F 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class.

MEETINGs: 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 7377 Santa Monica Boulevard Fiesta Hall of the Community Building

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

at a

ae the South ern Gelieoonis Horticultural Institute |

CALIFORNIA

md < Z me < fe) —, ~ | 4 fold = RG < ao &

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

PAE Fock secs tea Oe Lea ees SAMUEL AYRES, JR. dis eluate ees Mrs. Harry J. BAUER Pe oo ke en Ge terre a es ROBERT CASAMAJOR PARE bloc aoe edt ou Pe eed ks ae Howarp A. MILLER

RALPH D. CORNELL Mrs. JOHN R. MAGE

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN SAMUEL MOSHER

JOHN ANSON Forp Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS

J.D. FUNK HAROLD F.. ROACH

WILLIAM HERTRICH Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER

LIONEL LouIs HOFFMANN HENry C. SoTo

CHARLES S. JONES FRANK E, Titus

JOHN C. MACFARLAND Frits W. WENT

HONORARY TRUSTEES

FRED W, ROEWEKAMP Mrs. J. J. GALLAGHER MANFRED MyBERG

MEMBERSHIPS Arias) Associate MenbeM . i. diac es Oweevarr bus eeye we $ 5.00 MOT POCO 5 iyo heey sea feb ewe pee wanes 10.00 Annan Contsibating Membership... o.. 2 0 c0esedasevesns 25.00 Pema Geeta DRCIIELED os os aS ed eit a dees 100.00 Antal Spool MSMR cs sans ca teeta aneer vees 4 250.00 Ee DONT yd erate 228 sink 40 4G Hed wad owt eee: 500.00 RP reece at woman ad cea ene ae $1,000.00 or more TU RRCIOEE Fk Gia o's Mk ok See Ro oe 5,000.00 or more

Club memberships are available at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. ADDRESS

Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

ee es

F Sores i Se teles Glcn > et rt i s rl hi i = cae ie lid aise MeN ig ‘3 sean hi i pene Fe EES ee ON a ee ee ee ee ee ce

SUMMER 1955

Lasca Leaves

SS publication of the Southern California Srechar is age an arg and e California Arboretum Foundation, Inc. Issued on the first of January, April, July and Gieushies

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS PHILiIp EDwARD CHANDLER PHitip A. MUNZ WILLIAM HERTRICH RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Gardens Northern Califoonia—Ettzanern oman, Santa Barbara—KATHERINE K. MULLE eee. Californie]. HowarbD ioe

EoOnomic: Pints. 5.63 5 oO eee Louis B. MARTIN Geo- shard ose Plait Pate ay eee Louis C. WHEELER Histoticahis < ics Ge, ees oe es ee ek Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKI

Hostiealane PO Oe ct ee en et a VERNON T. STOUTEMYER Landscape Desige oe 5 so ots cake sy RALPH D. CORNELL Native Califoniia Flores} eS oo sae was cbs Percy C. EVERETT ORMAR ee | ROBERT CASAMAJOR Omitholomial soo ce i ees as W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM Plant Material.......... MILpRED Davis, PHILIP EpwARD CHANDL

Plant Pathan io soca, sien as sow ek ee vo aa «5 IERRE MILLER Plant: Societies. 0 Ay ss eee GEORGE H. SPALDING Propagat 65 ir cay ve ae W. QUINN BucK Succes es oo ea ed oaks ai eae Scott E. HASELTON Taxonomy of Brotieg 2006 lis a MILDRED MATHIAS Taxonomy nf Natives 5 oon a oe es Puitiep A. MUNZ

JANET WRIGHT, Editor

VoL. V JULY, 1955 No. 3

CONTENTS

Chorisia a in Southern Caltormmiase 230 So eee es Samuel Ayres, Jr. 51 Cover: Pictiige 40> 6 ogee ae i a oe rt ae es Thirty- oy Neuen! Shade Tree Conference............ Walter J. Barrows 54 Ve itch’ s Nursery: ges er Hybridizers of ichenaes Begonias

. from 29) ok nis eee A Giese ewe Elmer J. Lorenz 56 Bird No RES es es at a carl Gia ee We UE ee GUe chara eMalG nti We alae 60

George Groenewegen: March 3, 1876- biog 6, ald P. Woolley and “esate Mathias 61 Plant Introductions: Their Use to ay OO abrir ea au sell J. Seibert 62 Compara si Weather Records: Los er and eaten Arboretum, University of California, L. A... .........- 6050s eee e ees ety Plane on the Arboretum 1 Grounds i in hte

Manfred M OU Eg ay oe ia yee ts he waee 04s More Tabebeies Be Te POT MEOUE. Fg os ea Se oe wen ices Introductions for 1954 faut from Vol. V. 2.35) ..Philip E. Chandler 67 George H. Spalding 68

OWine INGfES oie ae eee ee eee ge Se phan s aie Our — a ee an ie i Glial sc V A dog's ee ipo aa Narhes:: INR gd GOW oy en RV cS eeieidke tae ae Ti Ja

72

Book Reviews and Fouscon re a aly Paes ace Ls aR Re el es

‘payupsry advospury ‘Yjauroy *q ydyey jo Asayinod ‘ydeszsojoyg ‘vuIOsTTeD “ry jog ‘vaie uodury au0}g 9y} UT pajyenyIs se aded aytsoddo ay} uo sasAy “Iq Aq paqldsap 991} ay} WoIJ YULIG Y ‘paasasgoun sa0# Aynevaq pajtejap J19y} Jey} punosF daoqe ysry os Ayyensn ‘vsossads vis140gy Jo vawrdads v Jo swOsso[g Jo Mata dn-asoyy

” a > < i eS <j U n < |

SUMMER 1955

CHORISIA TREES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

SAMUEL AYRES, JR.

ee me a

ei Eisddlgy egy to Club grounds , Ralph D. Corn

Conese THE FACT that it is one of

half a dozen mature chorisias in all o California and it is doubtful if more than ne person in many thousands has ever as or heard of one.

I first became aware of this tree about fifteen years ago, when during a visit to Evans and Reeves Nursery, I inadvertantly Overheard Mr, Hugh Evans extolling the virtues of the tree in Bel Air to a customer. The drive eae naturally included a side trip u e Canyon Road to the Ad- ministration "Building of the Bel Air sub-

ivision, now the Bel Air Hotel. m- ing above the patio wall of this Spanish colonial type building was a magnificent bouquet of rose- pink hibiscus- ie flowers such as one might conjure up in a dream The tree was tall and straight with a green trunk studded with formidable looking

Only the leaves on the lower

spines. setting off to advan-

branches remained,

Los Angeles area, and if n

Why aren’t the streets in Los Angeles lined with these t

are a yates other chorisia trees in this area, the best known being the one in the rear parking lot of the Automobile Club of Southern-California at Adams and Figueroa Streets. This tree had been planted in a private garden before the iam was acquired by the Automobile Clu unately someone knew the

Club tree is _ quite as tall as the i Air tree with its approximately 75 feet of grandeur aa is slightly different in sev-

with a white star-like center

The history. of both of these trees is lost in antiquity. Mr. Hugh Evans thinks that the Bel Air tree was planted about 50 years ago by Peter Barnhart, a well known horticulturist of the era for Mr. and Mrs. Danziger who then owned the

Until recently another tree was growing on the grounds of the Veterans’ Hospital in Sawtelle but this one apparently died of neglect. A chorisia which Mr. Evans planted in his old garden on 24th Street in Santa Monica ace 30 years ago is still

seeds which had been collected in Brazil by Reid Moran, a botanist on the staff of the University of California at Berkeley. From these seeds I succeeded in growing two plants, one of which is now thriving

52 LASCA in our own garden in La Cafiada and is about 15 feet tall although it has not yet bloomed. The other was given to the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum where it is well established and from which a number of additional trees have been propagated by cuttings

Several days ago I learned for the first time about another mature chorisia tree in Pomona in the garden of Dr. and Mrs. W.G. Stahl. Dr. Stahl says that the tree was in the garden when he acquired the

young chorisia about nine years old which bloomed this past winter for the first time. PF mgieee! speaking, the classification the chorisia is somew used. Th aeenis is a member of the Bombax family (Bombacaeae) and is closely related to

om

principle species of chorisia. Speciosa or showy chorisia is the species described above. It is native to Brazil and

species, eae with respect to the none and color of the petals. E. A. Menninger, Florida’s ‘flowering tree man” has carried

valuable monograph on the subject which has been reprinted from the Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society held in St. Petersburg, November 5, 6, 7, Lae.

The other principle species of his genus is Chorisia insignis from Argentina. This species also is ene to but in general the tree is

white or cream colored with brownish splotches near the center. Because of the peculiar shape of the trunk it is known in Spanish speaking countries as “Palo borracho” or drunken tree. The name has

LEAVES

also been applied to Chorisia speciosa

may have a slight enlargement of the lower portion of the trunk but which is usually tall and straight. In Brazil the chorisia is called Paineira.

There are at least three mature speci- mens of Chorisia insignis in California: one in the UCLA Botanic Garden in West Los Angeles which io a low tem- perature of 18° in 1949, one in Elysian Park in Los Angeles pyhich is probably Chorista alge and which according to arer, former Superintendent of

Service of the U. S. Department of Agri-

the tree there which was formerly errone- ously labelled as a Ceiba, has been posi- tively identified by recent visiting Argen- tinian botanists as Chorisia insignis and

pampas plains. This ain the function of the dispro-

Experiment Station in La Jolla and was planted in 1936 by Dr. A. M. Johnson and Mr. George Gruenewegen (see page

from the apr areas of Brazil and C soluta from Guatemala. Chorisia pei is H pposeved the show- iest and at the me the best suited — for ornamental lant in Southern Cali- — fornia. The tree grows rapidly and in rich |

soil and a protected location will ultimate-

ly attain a height of 60 to 75 feet as “ | emplified by the Bel Air tree. Its first flowering usually occurs when it is cight ( to ten years old. The blooming period is — from October to January with the peak — occurring the latter part of November and — the first week or two of December. As_

|

SUMMER 1955 53

stated before, there is considerable varia-

s and paeae| may be almost white or purplis

Some trees drop only their pines leaves when in bloom (the Bel Air tree) while others are Niger pe! deciduous when in bloom such as the Auto Club tree. Thorns

If i trees are to be planted in locations i can cily be scraped off and do not injure the tre

Chonda Pea likes a rich soil and a fair amou re

in ar cone habitually drops below 28°.

e few chorisia trees in the Los An- Beles area rarely set seed, and this is es- pecially true of Chorisia speciosa. Further-

more the seeds lose their viability within 4 matter of weeks and in the past it has Proved difficult to pepe plants from cuttings. Dr. R il

toot. This probably accounts for the scar- city of these trees in this area

I was fortunate in being in Brazil and

especially through the courtesy of Dr. H P. Krug of the Forestry Service in Sao Paulo and Mr. Martin Broen, Director of the Botanic Garden in Buenos Aires. Most

Arboretum and were planted immediately. The germination was almost 100 per cent

of the Arboretum nd trees have been

Arboretum, in the center parkway of Sun- set Blvd. which was formerly a bridle trail. This | ends the era of scarcity of chorisias in Southern California. COVER PICTURE

When the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum ari, its grounds to the ne in the convenience of touring the

seen woul

mens of multipl hog of eucalyptus the premises, ‘is species E. globulus ably written about in shir i issue 0 eaves in the

spring a Ror (1.3.18), by the late Charles Gibbs Adams, Landscape Archite

Siecle nee eames NT

An Index e volumes of Lasca Leaves is edad to appea in the Autumn issue, 1955, Vol. V, No. 4. If any horticultural or or botanical groups, societies institutions, clubs,

ir — fh appea r for reference value in th is Index by August mi foe 688, Arcadia, Cali

54 LASCA LEAVES

THIRTY-FIRST NATIONAL SHADE TREE CONFERENCE | hy Se ie WALTER J. Barrows, Editor, Western Chapter Newsletter

FOLLOWING the official opening of the dents and professional practitioners alike. 31st annual meeting of the National Shade Dr. Chandler has been honored by election Tree Conference, by President Carl Fen- to the National Academy of Sciences, and ner, at 10:00 a.m. on August 2, 1955, in given the Charles Reed Barnes Life Mem- Santa Barbara, Calif., an address of wel- bership in the American Society of Plant come will be made by Newton B. Drury, Physiologists. Dr. Chandler will speak on Chief of the Division of Beaches and _ the Training of Young Trees.’

Parks, State of California. Mr. Drury has One of the significant panels of the been serving the state of California in this Conference will be that on City Planning,

capacity since 1951. Prior to that time, he onsider the Trees,’’ which w was director of the National Park Service ducted by Walter i “oe Director of for eleven years, and has long been active [Editorial Research, Sun Magazine,

on the Save-the-Redwoods League, serv- Menlo Park, California. a of the out- ing as secretary of this organization for of-state ay: of his panel will be Noel some twenty years. He is currently cor- B. Wys Mr. Wysong, after having responding member of the American So- dabhed seven n years in the Department of ciety of Landscape Architects, and trustee Forestry, National Park Service, Depart- of the National Trust for Historic Preser- ment of the Interior, became affiliated with vation. Mr. Drury has always evidenced a the Forest Preserve District in March, real interest in trees and their care. 1939. He is active in many professional Another distinguished speaker of the groups, and has served as president of opening session will be Brian O. Mulligan the National Shade Tree Conference, the © on the topic, “Shade and Streetside Trees Midwestern Chapter of NSTC, and the

with Kodachromes. Currently director of _ is also member of the American Associa- —

the University of Washington Arboretum, tion of Economic Entomologists, the Il- _

Mr. Mulligan was formerly horticultural linois Technical Forestry Association, and

advisor to the Air Ministry, London, Eng- the American Phytopathological Society. — and, and prior to that was assistant to the Ralph D. Cornell, a second participant —

iicctoe of the Royal Horticultural So- in Walter Doty’s panel on city planning, —

ciety’s Gardens, of which he is also a and long-time member of the National —

ate

r. W. H. Chandler, Professor of the unique work, “Conspicuous California Agriculture, Emeritus, nares of Cali- Plants.” He has been contributor over a fornia at Los Angeles, whose fifty years of period of years to California Arts Archi-— activity in this field have inspired his lec- tecture, Asia, Golden Gardens, and other eo as taught at many universities, horticultural fierce Mr. Cornell is—

mong them the University of Missouri, a trustee and sustaining member of the Coenal and University of California at Los Angeles State and County Arboretum — Los Angeles. Dr. Chandler's instructive Foundation, and is also on the Board of | and practical booklet, “Pruning Orna- Governors. Among his outstanding land- — mental Trees, Shrubs, and Vines,” pub- scaping achievements is the three and one-— lished as Agricultural Extension Service half year work program for the AEC at_ Circular No. 183, was written in collabo- Los Alamos for erosion control and land-— ration with Mr. Ralph Cornell and con- scaping within the ci Os. tains information of great value to stu- The grounds of many public buildings ing

fo) a

SUMMER 1955 55

the Civic Center of Los Angeles have been landscaped by Mr. Cornell, among them

County Courts Building. Master plans for Griffith Park and Elysian Park have also come from the office of Mr. Cornell

=) = Pa j=} 7 =) ° z z cr 20g cr io o ch Las 3 3 o = jes] ra) ay am 2

Royston, and Williams, Landscape Archi- tects. The work of his firm is known na-

: ry’s Square Park, just completed. Eckbo, Royston and Williams are also designers of the land- scape of the new Civic Center of Whittier, California.

Among the valuable features of any an- nual meeting of the National Shade Tree Conference, are the educational exhibits. There will be featured under the direction of Lynn M. F. Harriss, Chairman of the Educational Exhibits Committee, exhibits

icti ees. T

Sponsored b

an exhibit emphasizing climate control through the use of trees and other plants 's being planned by the Department o Landscape Management of the University of California at Davis.

For the ladies, a series of interesting, but not exhausting, activities has been

-—,

programmed by Mrs. Elizabeth Harris and her committee, the members of which ar working closely with the Transportation and Hospitality Committees so that all of the wives who will accompany their hus- bands to this conference will find their time profitably and pleasantly filled.

hese are but a few highlights of a conference that will be of immense inter-

are concerned with the fostering of an

encompassed by such a program are very wide in range, consequently any meeting of the National Shade Tree Conference must explore many related topics. Climatology and ecology, arboriculture

orestry, and city planning are all on the agenda for this conference. In addition there will be educational a= ee ia

cial equipment, and safety demonstrations that w f major interest to all the delegates.

A most cordial welcome is extended to

fornia, August 1-5, 1955, at the Mar Monte Hotel ?

CALENDAR SOLICITATION

Plant Societies: Please dar mn i

well as our general readers, b cerning pl and date of meeting, prog subject, a ran») ent subject matter,

Foundation, Inc., Arcadia, Calif.

56 LASCA LEAVES

VEITCH’S NURSERY

Pioneer Hybridizers of Tuberous Begonias (Concluded from Vol. V. 2.29) ELMER J. LORENZ

Two more varieties named Begonia x Mrs. Charles Scorer and B. roseo-superba were distributed during 1880. Begonia x

s. Charles Scorer was produced by crossing Begonia x Viscountess Doneraile with another seedling and described as “a splendid variety with large well- Found flowers of a brilliant glowing crimson- scarlet, unequalled in this particular shade of colour by any Begonia of its class. The

Begonias yet obtained.

The variety Begonia x roseo-superba te- sulted from a cross of B. rosaeflora and an unnamed seedling. The flowers were de- scribed as being of a ‘‘clear bright rose- colour suffused with haa at that time a unique tint among Begon

In Veitch’s Plant Cashion of 1881 are mentioned an additional two varieties named Begonia x Admiration and Begonia x Viscountess Doneraile. Begonia x Ex- celsior crossed with B. davisiz resulted in the begonia plant named Begonia x Ad- miration which showe e influence of the latter parent in its eae, aa habit and vivid orange-scarlet flowers

Begonia x Viscountess Doneraile is con- sidered one of John Seden’s most brilliant hybrids and was produced from crossing x Monarch

stout erect scapes, well above the light green leaves, were freely produced, and rich vermillion-red in colour.

‘Hortus Veitchit” also notes that ‘ important role played by joo ic ys Be gonia x Viscountess. Doneraile) was its use in connection with B. pesmi in the production of that entirely new and re- markable race of begonias which has be- come such a popular winter-flowering sec-

tion, and of which the variety John Heal was bie first to be distributed.”

882 the results of an experiment to fdas dwarf compact plants for bed- ding or for pot culture was mentioned Two varieties were listed for distribution and were name

from experiments with the dwarf Andean species, B, davisii.

n H. Veitch mentions “with the in- sceuuctibie of this dwarf race of Begonias Seden ceased experimenting. The hybrids produced had become widely distributed, and many hybridists, both in England an on the Continent, had engaged in the work of improvement, and new varieties appeared each year, but the eighteen hy- brids, with the five original species intro- duced by Messrs. Veitch, form the foun- dation of Begonias of toda

Down through the years hybridizers have worked on the tuberous begonias,

gonias are now legion. In “How t Begonias” by G. A. Farini, orinted about 1899, there are fifty-nine pages of names and descriptions of tuberous begonias! the introduction of B. socotrana Hook. f. a new and important variety 0 begonia hybrid emerged which was called the “Winter Flowering Varieties,” or as” led “The Christ-—

ing this important ake It was dis

SUMMER 1955 57

covered during a botanical 2 ee in Socotra, a small island o e Ar bia

coast, in the indian: Ocean, oa in ‘one of the most ee places in the world in which to find a Begon B. socotrana was sent, ee other shade’ April in ), and produced plants ek Eater in " December of the a, year.

d was dis-

socotrana 1s habit of freely producing flowers of a bright rose. Hybridizers at once recog- nized the possibilities of combining B. Socotrana mid-winter flower habits with

ing the re period over practically the whole yea

BEGONIA Price 10s.

Ithough several hybridizers began work immediately, John Heal is given the credit for producing the first hybrid in which B. socotrana was one of the parents. He crossed B. socotrana with B. incarnata

from the colour of the flowers and in allusion to the flowering season.’’ It was never distributed commercially.

The first hybrid of this type to be dis-

oneraile (being the pollen plant). Begonia x John Heal first flow- ered in 1883. Only one seedling was ob- tained from the cross, and all the plants distributed were produced from this one plant. Distributed in 1885, it occasioned

*“ ACME.” 6d. each

For full description, see page 19. ,

58 LASCA the following interesting remarks: “It is still largely grown (in 1906) as a winter- flowering decorative subject, the compact habit of growth, rich rosey-car-

decoration of the table or conservatories.” This was followed by crossing an

orange-flowered tuberous variety with Be-

This p

flower was described as being a bright scarlet to red with carmine. It was first distributed in 1887

Pollen from a very dark crimson tuber- ous variety was placed on a female flower of B. socotrana and the resulting plant was named Begonia x Winter Gem. It is mentioned as being “in habit resembling dwarfer and more

rich deep crimson, 2 to 21/4, inches in diameter, held erect on stout peduncles well above the foliage.’ Several varieties followed from a single e

fection, Begonia x Ideala and Begonia x Success. These flowered for the first time in 1891 and each differed from the other in leaf, size, and color of the flowers. “Ensign, exhibited for the first time in November 1896, was the first of this group to be distributed. The flowers are semi-double, of a pleasing shade, of light rose-carmine, with the petaloid stamens yellow or yellow-green, and the foliage

oC between that of the two parent

“Winter Perfection, a_taller-growing form, produces semi-double rose-pink

flowers, the outer petals spreading, the metamorphosed stamens remaining in var- ious stages of development, the outer ones rose-pink, and the inner more or less streaked yellow.

LEAVES

“The variety Success — rather tall-

the — are yellow tipped with green. t distinct is the variety Ideala

rose-colour, C

During the same year (i826 the pol- ced on the flower of a single scarlet- he variety. Three plants were selected for distribu- tion from the resulting seed nes sea and they were named Begonia . Heal,

Begonia x Mrs. sidered the finest and most distinct, hav- ing flowers two to three inches in diam- eter and of a brilliant rose-carmine toned with scarlet. The flowers were freely pro- duced and “gracefully dispose

The leaves of Begonia x Winter re resembled those of B. socotrana and t

tained. Two distinct varieties were selected to be named Begonia x Julius and Begonia x Sylvia. Begonia x Julius is described as being o most distinct of any in point of colour, a rose-pink suffused with — white, and flowers more truly double than — those of any other of the section.” Be-

Two other hybrids, Begonia x Agatha — and Begonia x Agatha compacta followed — in 1903. Begonia x Agatha resulted from _ a cross of B. socotrana with a

hybrid a

SUMMER 1955

Lemoine of Nancy from the supposed cross- Secitliation of Begonia socotrana and Begonia Drege?.” James Veitch further states “the correctness of the sup-

Agatha showing a slight soiled in the shape and oe of the leaves, as well as in a more ¢

and resulted aclee B. soco- trana and B. natalensis. 2 natalensis is a small white-flowered species from South Africa, and resembles B. dregei.

The flowers of Begonia x Agatha c pacta “bear a close resemblance to Pies

59

produced by Begonia x Agatha, but are of a deeper shade of rose, and slightly larg- er. The great distinction, however, lies in

pla s in the case of Gloire de Lor- raine, Contemporary begonia authorities have

placed the begonia hybrids resulting from

placed in the group B. cheimantha.

The following list will give at a glance the 18 begonia hybrids raised by John Seden, the order in which they were produced, name of the begonias, parents, and date of introducton to commerce:

Order in which the hybrid was

raised: NAME Le Be RSMO vig 2. B. x intevmpedde oo Gi ee 3. B. € COGN: ae chang Os cs Ca 4. Bx Stella os eae eta oe >. BB. x Vesatias oy a ae s 6. B. x Eecetsiog (on Gen aes 7. BB, Models sus ce eke ta eee S. 8B, x Aces. 8 oi vee ee 9. B..x Monarchs. 2755 ass 10. B. x Viscountess Doneraile......... 11. B. x Mrs. Charles Scorer .......-.- 12. B. x Emperor) oo. sg eee 13.. Bo xe Mallista os ee na 14. B. x Queen of the Whites......... 15... B. x Admission igus apo see es 16. B. x TOSG0-IB DERE 5 ca hie ne > 17. B. x Miss Constance Veitch........ 18. B. «Mes. Asthor Pots. (ce. 45

Date of introduction to PARENTS commerce: (B. boliviensis x unnamed species) . a (B. boliviensis x B. veitchii)....... 872 (B. boliviensis x B. sedenti)....... as (B. x sedenii x B. veitchi?)........ 1874 (B. clarkei x B. sedenit) .........- 1874 (B. x chelsoni x B. cinnabarina) . . . .1875 (B. x sedenii x B. pearcet)........ 1875 (B. x intermedia x B. sedenii)..... 1876 (B. x sedenii x B. x intermedia) . . . .1878 (B. x Monarch x B. x sedeni?)..... 1881 (B. x Viscountess Doneraile ee BOUND Fa she's ve iwc ey 1880 (B. clarkei x B. x chelsoni)....... 1877 (B. x sedenii x B. x Stella)........ 1876 (a sport of B. rosaeflora) ......... 878 (B. x Excelsior x B. davisii)....... 1881 (B. roseaflora x B. seedling)...... 1880 (B. davisii x B. seedling)......... 1882 Si i 1882

oe & OS} Ss

60 LASCA LEAVES

SUMMARY The tuberous begonias species and their resulting hybrids referred to in this article were first esc and illustrated during Veitchs’ era in the following botanical reference mater pe Heh Laeeene A. DC. Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 544, fig.; Bot. Mag., t. 5657; Fi. a, t. 94. nes pearcei Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5545; Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1866, col. pl. Begonia angie Hook. f. Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 734, fig.; Bot. Mag. t. 5663; FI. 7, vol. vi, pl. 365 Begonia siehota Hook. f. Bot. Mag .t. 5680; Fl. and Pom. 1869, col. pl. p. 1 Begonia davisii Veitch. Hort. Veitch; Bot. Mag., t 6252; ae ts 6252; Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1879; fig.; The Garden, 1878, vol. xiii, p. 208, pl. 1 Begonia clarkei Hook. f. Bot. ag. t. 5663 et t. 5675; Geitch’s Catlg, : Pl. 1868, fig. Begonia oll eNhat Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 4483. Begonia ? Hort. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1870, col. pl. and fig. p. 4; Fl. and Pom. 1860, re 169, col. pl. Begonia x chelsonii Hort. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1871, col. pl. and fig. p. 2 Begonia x intermedia Hort. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1872, ]. 2, fig.; Fl. Mag. “Feb, 1872. Begonia x Stella and Begonia x Vesuvius. Veitch’s Catlg. of PL. 1874, pp. 4, 5, figs. Begonia x Excelsior and Begonia x Model. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1875, pp. 4, 5, figs. Begonia x Acme. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1876, p. 6, fig. The Garden, 1878, vol. Xiil, + keke

Begonia x Kallista. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1876, p. 7, fig. — x Emperor. The Garden, 1878, vol. xviii, p. 508: pl. 118; Fl. Mag. 1876, t.

Begonias Monarch. Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1878, p. 8, fig.

nia x Queen of the Whites. The Garden, 1878, vol. xiii, p. 208, pl. cxviit; Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1878, p. 9, fig.; Gard. Chron. 1877, Dec. 15, col. pl. fig.

Begonia x Mrs. Charles Scorer and Begonia x roseo- superba. Veitch’s Catlg. of PL. 1880 .

Ac. s Anais Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl. 1881, p. 49, fig.

Begonia x John Heal. The Garden, 1889, vol. xxxv, p. i118, col. pl. 691.

Begonia x Winter Gem. The Garden, 1891, vol. xxxix, p. 504, col. pl. 807.

Begonia x \deala. Gard. Chron. 1901, vol. xxx, p. 411, fig. 124.

Begonia x Mrs. Heal. Gard. Chron. 1895, vol. xviii, p. 585, fig. 101.

Abbreviations used in the above list of references refer to the following:

Bot. Mag Curtis Botanical Magazine Fl. Mag. Floral Magazine Fl. and seen Florist and Pomologist

Gard. Chr Veitch’s Catlg. of Pl.

he Gardeners’ Chronicle (London Veitch’s Catalogue of New and Rare Plants

BIRD NOTES

Mr. Dan Quattlebaum, Arbore orni- cused has taken wing himself to Gictandnd, Va., to attend the 50th Anniversary of his col- lege graduate class, leaving wit notation of

t recent accomplishment, a comparative

bird check-list are available on request. Sepa- teen or twenty miles, southeast to northwest as the bird flies, The

different birds from time to time, and mutu

check-list of the birds to be seen at Descanso ardens. Both this list and the Arboretum

inhabitants as “_ sete interesting study _

for bird-watc her

ace ah il

SUMMER 1955 61

GEORGE GROENEWEGEN MARCH 3, 1876—FEBRUARY 6, 1955

A PLANTSMAN by heritage and desire,

eorge Groenewegen, described as ‘‘a gentleman who looks as if he had stepped out of a Rembrandt canvas,” left a living monument in the Botanical Garden at the University of California, Los Angeles. He joined the staff of the University in 1926

campus. Through the years this garden developed under his care to become a teaching and test garden unique in south- ern California. The students who walk its paths and study its plants are being trained in a tradition which began with the first botanical gardens and which has been maintained by such men as George Groenewegen.

For George Groenewegen’s love and knowledge of plants was inherited from his grandfather, the Hortulanus of Hortus Amsterdam. is father and_ brothers, teared in a world where plants were their

alphabet and daily bread,” operated a Nursery in Utrecht. Young George was sent to private schools, where at one time he was classmate of the late Peter Riedel,* but his knowledge of botany and horti- culture was learned at home and practiced as an apprentice gardener in Erfurt, Ger- many and in Brussels. In 1899 he made his first trip to this country accompanying One of many shipments of palms. The fol- lowing year he went to the Transvaal to obtain new palms and seeds. In 1907, after bringing another shipment of palms

*Lasca Leaves, Vol. V. 1.21.

=

to this country, he worked for Bobbink and Atkins in Rutherford, New Jersey, a year later moving to Arkansas as manager of a large fruit orchard. In 1911 he be- came canal rider and overseer of a huge rice acreage owned by Dutch interests near Port Arthur, Texas. He arrived in south- ern California in 1914 where he worked for Coolidge Nursery in Pasadena at $50 a month for two years. In 1916 he moved to the Raymond Hotel in Pasadena where he had charge of the plantings until he joined the staff of the University. Retire- ment from the University in 1947 was a mere formality for he immediately joined the staff of the Los Angeles Country Club in July, 1947, as Assistant Propagator in charge of the conservatory. He enjoyed this position, for to him all work with plants was enjoyment, until poor health forced his retirement in July, 1953.

He is survived by Mrs. Groenewegen (Beerrendiena Plugge) whom he married in 1902, four children, and many grand- children.

DONALD P. WOOLLEY MILDRED E. MATHIAS

August 15th, 1955, is the press deadline date for all prospective contributors to

the autumn issue for Octo!

er, 1955, and for all Calendar Notices, because of the

necessity of completing the Index through this issue.

62 LASCA LEAVES

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS—THEIR VALUE TO US

RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

E CAN SCARCELY SPEAK of plant in- troductions into the United States with- out recognizing the great service rendered in this field by the U. S. Dept. of Agricul- ture, Plant Introduction Section in Belts- ville, Maryland. This great organization was, until recently, known as the Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction. This same organization was first estab- lished by the Federal Government in 1898 as a service of Foreign Seed and

ventory of all plants introduced through this service ej in its most recent inven- tory No. 155 the total number of intro- ductions had reached 161,666 as of 1947. To date but still ro nat there are over 220,000 introductio

Included in these sat introductions are every type of food and economic crop grown in the United States. It is safe to say that nearly, if not every food and other economic crop grown in the United States today can trace its more recent improved strains to at least one or several introduc- tions made by the Plant Introduction Sec-

American economy could be measured into the billions of dollars. The Plant Introduction Section has con-

agricultural crops which would furnish the germ plasm for the constant improve- ment in yield and disease resistance by the established farm crops. as also con- stantly been on the alert for potential eco- nomic plants which might and in man cases have furnished new agricultural in- egies for our farmers. Many examples

these new industries might be cited. One of interest to us in California is the Date Industry which was completely estab- lished by means of commercial date varie- ties introduced by the Department from North Africa and The N

ch in 1946 had a farm value of three million

dollars. Of much more spectacular inter- est and importance to the American eco- nomy is the very recent Soy Bean Indus- try, which has resulted from a hand full of soy bean seed collected by Dorsett in Korea in 1925. Today this crop alone brings in one ae dollars a year to the American

To these may is added the Mango In- dustry of South Florida, The Avocado In- dustry of Florida and California, to name a few which trace their introductions back to the famed P. I. Numbers

So far have been mentioned only the

Plant nage Section has contributed greatly to eld of introductions in cee ii on arboreta, botanic gar- dens and private cooperators. In the past it has distributed thousands of plants to private cooperators throughout the United States and many of these plants are now in the annala trade.

In speaking of plant oe into the United States I think of such plant Seige. Frank Meyers, and David Fairchild, men who devoted their lives to the introduction of new and better plants into the United It is fitting at this time to pay tribute to one of the best known and most publicized of these explorers, David Fair- child. Dr. Fairchild at the ripe age of 85 left this world which was his “Garden” this past August 6th. He had been ill off and on the last few years, but felt rather good this summer’s morning and went out to his beloved home garden in the ““Kam- pong’’ in Coconut Grove, Florida. Once again he was with the many plants grow-

long and happy life together had ever been his strongest guiding light. But returning to the subject at hand:

F| |

SUMMER 1955 63

Foreign plants were first avai into Southern California along w € mis- sions. Our Mission Fathers ee the sea captains who visited our first ports brought in the first exotics, both ornamental and

grains, ru Bs cena and the olive. Since the sev n hun-

that it is hard to realize that originally they were not our natives. We need only to be reminded of the eucalyptus and the Mexican Fan palm to realize that. In fact as we traverse the metropolitan and agri- cultural areas of Southern California and

1c or intro-

fact more than anything else can point out the true value of plant introductions.

c gardens and their part in plant introdinctions which goes Fock many

Starting these institutions and associated with them ever since has been that par- ticular breed pe man who was never oa fied with the

tanist Wid the horticulturist as- Pet with arboreta and botanic gardens ave not as a rule restricted themselves to

pte strived for the plants he were dif- -

erent or that might bring ee beauty to

their surroundings They have seldom thou f thes memes prizes in a light of monetary value. That phase has

been left to the gags grower, the nurseryman and the flor

Arboreta and botanic sevdie then con- stitute the major means by which our or- namentals have come to the United States

and from whence they have filtered into

earthly use other than to beautify or to furnish another subject on which to place a label bearing an unpronounceable name. A name which at best might seem useless to remember because before too long some botanist will change it anyway! Yet it is these same plants among which someone will recognize one of one de and place— and in many cases realize a

Each arboretum and bonnie garden i is ever striving to fin e€ new rable ep ide for the area which its serves. The Arnold Arboretum has been particu- larly welt publicized and successful in this ese t in the early days and

Scie of which have found their place ong the ornamentals used in much of

the United States. Our arboretum and the botanical gar-

From the shall all benefit either financially or cul-

Milhons of dollars worth of cut flowers

duced trees and plants. tree gh is introduced the arborist has another

Those oF us here today are in one way or another concerned with trees and other plants. Our livelihood centers around them and it is our obligation to find and make the best use of them possible. We must maintain them as a credit to our communities

Were it not for the plants which have been introduced here before us Southern

In our tim come thes new ie improved plant intro- ductions ar ny this the beauty spot it could and sh

Delivered a

Shade ae Conference

Nov. 13, 1954.

64 LASCA LEAVES

COMPARATIVE WEATHER RECORDS At Los Angeles State and Country Arboretum, Arcadia, California—1954

EVAPORA-

ee RAINFALL TION

woe PEAKS MEAN INCHES INCHES

AX. MIN. MAX. NT ONTH

NPA AE VS seo esccye oy 9 pe 31.0 98.0 52.9 Dey 95

Februsty 26.6555. 42.0 79.3 34.0 93.0 7 2.33 1.485 Eel cite fe teat 40.7 69.9 30.0 85.00 53.3 4.04 1 ae, Aprilics's.. a ycieeltces 47.3 74.6 39.0 93.0 61.0 24 1.910 BY seats aitelasenee eal pala ps 51.4 80.3 41.0 92.0 65.9 Ol 3.145 LT | arene RPG a 58.0 82.2 43.0 96.0 67.6 15 4.140 PIG ke sie Olan aie 61.3 O75 51.0 106.0 79.4 a 6.515 aster orertae arate 58.0 90.4 50.0 106.0 74.2 — 5.780 September......... 53.7 93.8 47.0 104.0 73.8 —. 5.260 CODED 6 55. eas 47.1 83.5 41.0 106.0 65.3 —_ 3.735 November......... 44.9 82.6 34.0 63.8 2.07 2.025 | aii Erte 39:1 69.7 7.0 54.4 ; 1.540 TOTAL INCHES— 15.47 38.220

J. T. McGaAH—May 27, 1955 L. A. State ped pen Arboretum

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS:

The highest temperature of ed bie was recorded on July 7th, ee eas ~ pa Oe when the ncaa eter reached 106.°F. A temperature of 90. r over wa orded on eighty three days dur: € year, he pained -four days the temperature boat to 100. FE he more. "Thirteen

of these days ae in July

The lowest temperature 0 “< 27.°F. was recorded on the nights of December 28th and 29th. A cantgegine of 40.°F. or lower was maps on sixty-seven nights during the year. On seven of these nights the temperature was below

iat was observed on apie mornings, er he winter months were comparatively mild.

mo, s observed on one-hundred-thirty days. As observed during previous years smog was more noticeable during the months of july, August, September and October. Smog was noted on enty i

1954 Rainfall was “ogra on forty-six (46) days a a total of 15. val inches as compared with | twenty-five days in 1953 when only 6.83 inches fell. There was no heavy precipitation in any one storm or month. The heaviest pro of the year was oe the three on period of January 18, 19, and 20th when 2.86 inches was recorded. q

capisbmoaair measured 7s af inches in 1954 or 5.53 inches less than in 1953 when 43.75 inches — was red.

a ae with previous years weather conditions during 1954 were favorable.

At University of California, Los Angeles, Subtropical Horticulture Area—1954

PRECIPITA- TEMPERATURE TION AVERAGE PEAKS

1954 MIN. MAX MIN. MAX

January...........0.0.- 41.7 63.2 34 85

RROIOMIY oak Je od wad oes 45.5 73.8 39 90

MECRE eAiteiois U aie himievesdaieas 43.9 63.6 33 73

Wa iirn ke oe eats 50.5 67.2 3 75

YS Get rack nd See D207 69.4 43 79

PONE tigi oactwins das 55.1 73.5 47 80

SRP PO OC ee 64.4 82.5 5 9

POSE 9 SEG & yee vee as 60.0 79.2 54 93

DEPLEIBDOR fo pterns' 6 ceo. bess 54.5 79.9 45 88

re eet ae 48.7 73.4 43 84

INaVember. 6.25 aves hese 48.5 73.6 39 90 December 23 ose eons ys 42.1 66.8

84 Total inches

SUMMER 1955 65

A member a The A depen staff, Edward (“Ted”) Pugh, Angad as contributed his talents to Lasca

Leaves (IV.1 9). This original pen and ink sketch of the Banana plant is of particular interest here because

of the text ac ahaa Be heaton of the plant in bloom appearing in this issue under “Growing Notes” y George H. Spalding (pp. 68, 69). Original pen and ink drawing by Ted Pugh.

66 LASCA LEAVES

MANFRED MEYBERG AWARD

MANFRED MEYBERG, general chairman of the California International Flower Show, was honored with a testimonial dinner

Flower Show Executive Committee, lead- ing exhibitors at the 1955 show, and busi- ness associates of Mr. Meyberg’s gathered to pay tribute to his inspiring leadership and unselfish giving of time and effort to this great civic event.

plaque was presented to Mr. Mey- berg by the Executive Committee, the presentation made by Roy F. Wilcox, chairman of the Flower Show in its first em years, and permanent honorary chair-

The plaque expresses the appreciation of the executive committee to rbd for “the wonderful presentation of the re wood forest exhibit by Pian. ee which was unselfishly withdrawn from Flower Show competition.”” The commit- tee, in the plaque, also express to Mr. Meyberg their gratitude for ‘his outstand- ing leadership and guidance, as well as his

unselfish devotion to the show.’ cludes with the wish by the committee

that he will continue as general chairman of the Flower Show for years to come.

Photograph, courtesy Cristof Studio, San Francisco

MORE TABEBUIAS AT THE ARBORETUM

RUSSELL J. SEIBERT

READERS of Lasca Leaves will recall our report of the flowering of Tabebuia um- bellata [Vol. 4:77. 1954]. This species owered again this spring of 1955 and has imate excellent growth as well as surviving escapes winter n addition, we now have two other Tabebuiss which not only survived our past winter in several cold situations, but did so as one-and-a-half year old seedlings and rewarded us with a dividend of flow- ers besides: Tabebuia chrysotric “ (Mart.) Standl., Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 1176. 1936. The

growing at the Arboretum under our Ac-

cession 53-S-1580. Seeds were obtained from the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden through Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr. One plant flowered at the end of March, pure dark yellow with individual flowers 2” in diam- eter x 2” long

caphseese avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb., Bot.

the Kew Ga ica It r the name of - heptaphylla eet is ee see

under 53-S-628 from received through Mulford B. Foster of a Florida. It is natively known as Ipé Roxo” and flowered with us in early

Continued on page 69

_

: | | .

SUMMER 1955 67

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954 Puitie EpwARD CHANDLER (Continued from Vol. V, No. 2, April, 1955)

Tetraplasandra meiandra (originally on the market as T. hawaiiensis which is actu- ally another species probably to be avail- able in 1955) is a fairly cold-hardy tall shrub of the Panax family (Araliaceae).

20” alternate leaves, divided feather-fash- ion into five to thirteen oval leaflets, con- spicuously tinged with brown, are adding new interest to lightly shaded patios where a plant 6-8’ height and far less spread is desired. The stems and branches are a glossy red-brown, structurally arresting,

forms of Acalypha wilkesiana may look well with it, but we particularly recom- mend its use with Bergenia ligulata (the beautiful white-flowering form with green eyes), and bronze Ajuga.

most araliads, the flowers are inconspicu- ous in terminal compound umbels. Glo- bose fruit characteristic of it in its native lands has not yet successfully matured in California. The stems are cocoa-colored, and the younger leaves are decidedly bronze. The plant suggests its fairly close relationship to Aralia elegantissima a good companion in landscape planting—and again, the bronze Ajuga is an ideal facer. Like its suggested companions, P. crassi- folium prefers some shade, but it is far

more cold-hardy than Aralia elegantissima

(Dizygotheca elegantissima). Philodendron wendimbe is a new hy-

brid between P. imbe and P. wendlandi.

lizer.

Philodendron fosterianum is a hybrid developed by Mulford B. Foster in Or- lando, Florida, whence it was recently in- troduced to California. This cut-lea

hardy and less tolerant of dry California sunshine. Nevertheless it wants strong

rs where it certainly is a striking addition to the landscape. A recent planting with Aeonium pseudotabulaeforme, and round cover of Reineckia carnea has created quite a conversation piece.

68 LASCA LEAVES

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

Musa ensete: close-up of blossom. Courtesy of Los Angeles State and County Arboretum.

Musa ensete, the Abyssinian Banana, is one of the tropical plants which can be used to good advantage in Southern Cali- fornia, particularly along the coast. It has weather in Ar-

where they were planted is black and heavy.

winter. The cold spell of 1949-50 is too vivid a memory for Southern Californians ananas but had reached enough size so the heart was protected and in the spring new growth emerged. Again in 1950-51 the winter was cold and the plants were damaged but again surviv red.

e bloomed ae pe seed. The plant dies date seeding and since it does not send out

suckers must be discarded and new plants started from seed. It takes five years or more for this banana to mature to fruiting stage. It is not a plant for the small back- yard, but where it can be used it is very effective for tropical accent. wer is shown in the accompany- ing picture. Close examination will show ‘ha nds” of small bananas at the base of each “petal.” One or two “petals” open each day, covering the previous day’s fruit so that the flowers must be pollenated the day they appear or the fruit will not develop. The bees are very active around the plants, and quantities of seed are usu- ally set. The flowering stem continues to ph aie until it reaches a length of six feet or more. In he mountains of Abyssinia where

ceeds 15’-20’. It is the largest and oe ably the most widely cultivated o group. It is also one of the oldest known as it was used in the sculptures of the ancient Egyptians

Miscanthus sinensis > Susuki Grass is one of the most be- mole plants of Japan. It is planted along anks of rice p used in

grow in almost any location from wet to dry and does not seem to be at all particu- lar as to the soil. It will reach a height of 4’-6’. There is a sizeable planting in the yard on the southwest corner of Alpine and Los Robles in Pasaden

Miscanthus sinensis sicesbles Pampas Grass and is known in the American trade as Eulalia. It is easily grown from seed,

which germinates in about 10 days. Since it is deciduous the old dead stalks should be removed each year. Use it as a bo Id accent group.

Beaucarnea gracilis

The Beaucarneas are sometimes placed

in the genus Nolina but since Beaucarnea

SUMMER 1955

tice faire deer of Los Angeles State and County Arboretum

sinian Banana

is the name best known it will be used here. B. gracilis resembles a_ refined Dracaena with a much-swollen base. It is said to reach a height of 30’. This species is relativ ely slow growing and large speci- mens are seldom seen in Southern Cali- fornia. A native of southern Mexico,

prefers full sun and good drainage. The typical swelling at the base of the stem is a good means of identifying members of

eens

: blossom nestled among the leaves

this genus. It also makes the rest of the plant appear light and graceful—another ica aan that can be used very effec- tively accent in a sunny location. Propagation is by seed, which may germi- nate in six days r take up to 39 days. However, it is not difficult if you are patient. Growi ing one does not present any particular difficulties, but the young seed- lings should never be kept soggy wet.

Continued from _ bags March, howe rs 1Y, ae ks ‘2. long, lavender with white and yellow

throat,

Another, Accession 53-S-1582, received from Dr. Ayres through the Rio Botanical Garden, has also flowered : it is apparently

the same species and variety, T. avel- lanedae v raulensis. Although the Arboretum has _ tried

Many species of these handsome flowering trees from Central America, northern South America, the West Indies, and

to frost- seven species of

abebuia represented from Southern Brazil, all of which, up to the present time, are proving hardy to at least 26°F. pe will probably survive under somewhat

older conditions. We look with eager

unticipation to Southern Brazil for more plants adaptable to Southern California, comparable to the Tabebuias from that area, which will substantially add to our list of beautiful flowering trees.

Mexico without due

tenderness,

SUCCESS, we now h ave

70 LASCA LEAVES

LONGWOOD’S GAIN—OUR LOSS

ON MAy 19, 1955, a newspaper release from Longwoo Foundation, du Pont Building, Wilmington, Delaw ware, broke the news officially of the accepted appointment of Dr. Russell J. Seibert as director of Longwood Gardens. The an- nouncement was made by Henry B. du Pont, president of the Longwood Founda- tion which operates the Gardens estab- lished by the late Pierre S. du Pont. Since

Los Angeles State and County recs and thereby Editor-in-Chief Leaves, we take this opportunity of ac- quainting you with Dr. Russell J. Seibert as seen through the news release of the ‘“

“Dr. Seibert, who is forty years old, has a distinguished record in the botanical and horticultural fields. Since June, 1950, he has been engaged in the establishment of

boretum at Arcadia, Calif., a project in- volving restoration of the historic Rancho Santa Anita estate into a horticultural show ace. “A native of nei ri Ill., Dr. Seibert was educated a ington University, St. Louis, fideo his A.B. degree there in 1937 and his M.S. in 1938, his gradu- ate work being conducted in association with the Missouri Botanical Garden. In 1938-39, he was an Exchange Fellow at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard Uni- versity. He received his P Jue degree at Washington University in 19

“Before going to California, Dr. Seibert

made surveys of natural rubber possibili- ties in Central and South America, and, with supplies of Malayan rubber threat-

ened by international tensions early in 1941, he was in charge of opening a Rubber Station at Marfranc, Haiti, propa- gating plant material with a view toward establishing a source of rubber in the Western Hemisphere.

“From 1943 to 1946, Dr. Seibert was — stationed in Peru, carrying on a program — of study and collection of ie: trees in — ru, Bolivia, and adjoin- ing regions of Brazil. At the completion — of this assignment, he returned to college — for eae of his work toward a Ph.D. ~ degree q “Rejoining the Department of Agri- — culture, Dr. Seibert was associated for the — next two years with the Rubber Station at — Turrialba, Costa Rica, continuing his work — with natural rubber trees and extending his — interest in other crops, including the in-_ troduction of Peruvian black walnut trees | into Costa Rica - lumber and nut pro- |

he was eodal at Beltsville, six months prior to joining the California :

ibert is a vice president of the American Horticultural Society and chair-— Arboreta and Botanic Garden ©

many of his scientific mission as a background in the botanical field herself She is the daughter of G. H. Pring, super- — intendent of the Missouri Botanical Gar- den, famous for his work on orchids a

sti Michael, 11; Donna, 7; an

Mb of us who have worked und the wise, kindly, and often inspired gui ance and direction of Dr. Seibert can sal little more than a deeply heartfelt reg at his leaving us, coupled with the he iest wishes for his progressive success 1 the new post.

_—

_

‘ee

ee ee

—

SUMMER 1955 71

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

» Russell J. Seibert was elected 1st Vice-

in April, 19 { For mgm ews O ei- bert, retiring Director of ne State and County Arbor ood’s Gain, Our Loss,” page 70

National Horticultural Magazine, official publi- on of the

cati rican Horticultural Society, us with the fact that articles of

horticultural interest from the west coast woul Icomed by r editors. This i invi tation to not o our own editorial boar embers, but past, current, and _ prospective contributors t sca Leaves, to su articles of such interest to National Horticultural Maga- zine. Its stature as a periodical in this field is

d Asper, Bh weg or spring to the the ingto

Hou Superintendency of n Botanical Gardens, a Soaetiueelh eg of Building and Growtids co)

holding outhern California

Horie pfeil

° "og o

Scott E. pear ge has been appointed by unan mous assent of members of the Editorial reed

we t

e will rival his own

editorship ultimately in significance if not in years.

mber of Editorial Board Membership has also been ex-

tended enthusiastically to Dr. Louis B. Martin, Plant Physiologist at the Los Angeles State and unty t ith confidenc he

oes of our retiring Direc- and

tor, Dr. Seibert, poe ie the study

significance of Economic Plants. Dr. Mar is Sgr arm interested in the educ mirrte alue of hort eran a field —s its own

in the world of art and science Horace Clay, Ornamental seat eh from n Cali-

man-holiday”’ activities in favor his travel with his bride who accompanied hi lay was at one time associated with Evans et Reeves Nursery.

Brea ceca McClin-

European ede eee

trating her talk with slides.

also travelling

Philip “iiagote ee is abroad this gt

it is : tten series of comments nt ees ree 1954,” by extending them to 1955. con-

tributes as a member of Lasca fous Edi- aie Board,

Miss Peggy Sullivan's travels in Europe — summer undoubtedly he! a _ an _ the future pages o she is an active member of Sores California’ Horti. cultural Institute.

The Herb Society of America, headquarters, Horticultural Hall, Boston, held its Annual ern California, May 19, 20, trip to Santa Barbara, May

ee California anrw ey group acted 2 as Hos nit, Mrs. Sar. . Well-

man, Topsfie Mies, national The nt, Mrs. ur D Richards n, Altadena, local chair man of the Unit. Rancho Santa Ana Botani Garden, Claremont, Los Angeles te an County Arboretum Oakhurst Gardens in Arcadia, Huntington Botanical Gardens and , San rino, were

a the Library and Art t ighli te aes et tional tours plan- ned. director at Clare-

mont, and De got - ‘Seibert rt, oo

direc- tor at the Arboretum, were edifying s ers on ork one at these eieueive in- stitutions. Dr yres, Jr., seen att €

Arboretum Foundation. Curator Emeritus Wil-

72 LASCA

Huntington Gardens

iam Hertri ch of t members

hio), Northern ag S Stepcties ae aes anged exhibits for occasion of the offic ial business meeting M

tto of the Society: Herbs ; oo were made ic

garden plans, carve s, chi d fabric with herb mot/f, an herb primer in Braille

an enlightening array of “w wi

herbs. One of the important contributions of the local Unit was Sympori um on Herbs, a4 ers, Miss Ruth Randall and Mrs. Sidne : Briggs, alifornia Natives’’; Me i die

Stephens of Santa Barbara, ‘'Thymes’; Miss E bauer, nders’’—a__ species study. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden

BOOK REVIEWS

Two ~frreethaer warrant Dancing com- ment in this issue of Lasca Leaves because of anime ge reporting elsewhere in these pages : The Herbarist, A Pabliation of

No. 21 (se ublshe in

of botanical and hortic cultural raga = w as of the fine pi social arts. The cur 1955 issue carries a 3rd Index, 1950. 1954, he first Index having appeare ae hs e€ see : issue covering uN rst 10 years 95 List at the a fs significant ntacles published during the 10 s, now availa in separate ibe foam ‘at ‘$1. ” ach.

ive ae ional See baewral Magazine, a t

American Hortic se - Soc Inc., published sing sy Jan » July and Oct.,

ashin D.C. Go panels 0 pages, scholarly ‘rel atest lal documented fo refere hyy _ ing article in cur- rent ae e by Caroline B. Sie member of way Philadelphia hie of The Herb Society o e ardens for the Bli ind,” the significance of herbs in <i light of mercy, comfort and instr on. Thes ve rdens are established widely across this country. (For

on ea iat be esiegee Horii ca zin pies and one 1.)

Camellia best it _publishe be the South- ern California Cam ociety, , October through April, borg aly, The July i issue of 1955 will be wholly dedicated to the species C. sasan-

LEAVES

possesses one of Miss Neugebauer’s herbarium — group ©

portfolios on the genus Lavandula. The

that wen Barbar

of that city’s fairest and most interesting gar- dens incl me. Gan l a se of succulents, and under the

ance of atherine Muller, Director, vital the Santa area Botanic Garden

HERB GARDEN AT ARBORETUM Of ae aya ts potsrcnill to The Arbor Arcadia “ce ‘forni

e ibilit ity of purchasing s and ent ores rial for the promising authentic a3 gar established on the an oretum eon rboretum on the oth

worthiest projects.

AND COMMENTS

landscapin the ce beauty of it redominantly single flow Significant au thorities provide the au sinshin of the issu

and revised nomenclature on sasanquas a feature. Extra copies are being printed, over nd e those ordinarily printed only fo Society members, and will be available on order

s

Spa San Rafael Ave., Pasadena 2, Calif.— $.7

1%

Cymbidium Hybr « pe Awards, — by |

Leading Societies, Ww Nei 69 pages. Com- piled a John C. San Oi i Calif. Published by a « Gymbiin Society, Inc., Pasa- den alif., u

ary 1955. Cover il- | ite ac ti Wester birt,’ FCC/RHS, photograph courtesy Fred A. Stewart, the oa pearing a to notation of awa

ted by oo whose lists are seadile

Sabie. $3.

* Motion Pictures “Ab Bieter Club Programs — compiled b S:

erest to garden clubs, f sources for

lending, with addresses, including state agencies, —

pallor tet and alphabet cally arranged. ; x *

Landscape for Living — re ett Eckbo. An

ei =~ mcnath I ge ord Book seri Duell, Sloan, Ww. omen: Los Angeles, —

Coie "1550, $10.00

er hand is accepting the ©

qua, coming into its own for use and beauty in |

- : 2 Ser mace ‘ z nes ze i ‘ it ‘ Bre eee yr en ne arr Mane Rr eT Ree Peat YAN e a ee ee eRe EI Nee SENT Ch ee ee ee a eT eM Ee OEE ae SN ee Teer eT ee

Manks, Librarian, Massachusetts Horicultar Society, and — l i

a ey

oo

eR CUES (. “URAL on) ATT,

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1954

POURING ee a FRED W. ROEWEKAMP Vice-President and Executive Secretary........ RONALD B. TOWNSEND SOI: 4 vase kan eeee oreo Whe aees GEORGE H. SPALDING PVC Fees io ba en hc ee KENNETH BISHOP

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

WILLIAM BERESFORD Percy C, EVERETT MANCHESTER BopDY EARLE E, HUMPHRIES HowarpD BODGER MILDRED E, MATHIAS PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER ALFRED W. ROBERTS RALPH D. CORNELL RONALD B. TOWNSEND

RICHARD WESTCOTT

ADVISORY COUNCIL

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C. McNEIL ROBERT CASAMAJOR MANFRED MEYBERG Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HuGH Evans Roy F. WiILcox MEMBERSHIPS Rival’ MORO oes wna e Gea e beens $ 5.00 year Grn OF END is os ct oe gs cae eine se es ... 5.00, year Associate (for individual in member group only)... 2.00 year Contributing Member. ooo 0 esa es es ve 0s ues 25.00 year Commercial Member. 3... ess cia eck caee ceeds 50.00 year Sustaining: Member, 6.5.6 s55 asus ston es eee nase 50.00 year Life Membership... 5 2 005. co eanencnnneeee 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class.

-MEETINGS; 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 7377 Santa Monica Boulevar Fiesta Hall of the Community Building

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-3444

_ LASCA LEAVES ‘The official publication of the Southern California Horticultural Institute Sponsors of : f 3

CALIFORNIA

=) < Z e4 =) ° — Se < is : =) oO

ARCADIA

CALIFORNIA ARBORETUM FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

PRET TOMI Gg osk Sas Fey Moe Hee Ra Pint RALPH C. CORNELL Ee er | SR ROE HERD ted See I eee RALPH C, CORNELL PPR Ga PUNE ety by sie ih acsla a ovina ce ae 8 Mrs. JOHN R. MAGE TMNT Son SE a Oe GRO HowarpD A. MILLER nT? ae ee eed aon gees ea are ee ee GEORGE H. SPALDING

SAMUEL AYRES, JR. CHARLES S. JONES

Mrs. Harry J. BAUER JOHN C, MACFARLAND

ROBERT CASAMAJOR SAMUEL MOSHER

Mrs. RICHARD Y. DAKIN STUART O'MELVENY

JOHN ANSON ForpD Mrs. RUDOLPH J. RICHARDS

J.D. Funk Haro_p F. ROACH

WILLIAM HERTRICH Mrs. WILLIAM D. SHEARER

LIONEL Louls HOFFMANN HENRY C. Soto

HENRY ISHIDA FRANK TITUS

HONORARY TRUSTEES RONALD B, TOWNSEND Mrs. J. J. GALLAGHER MANFRED MyYBERG EXECUTE OONOID Ct 6a oon beak 3k Mrs. LEE Wray TURNER Telephone DOuglas 7-8207

MEMBERSHIPS Annual Associate - Memberships: < occ sa ye wine ah caes onto = 3.00 AEIPORARL CRM ER IS 5550 4c Sc a ae ad PN Hk wie sea 10.00 Annual Contributing Memiberthir i os26 46 se ses cece hice. 25.00 finaeal Sustaining Dewees oon ssn ode wa wen ee as 100.00 PEE GOOUEOL TACRISCISIND 6 x Wii dicta ve iiy o oe Hao phlegm 250.00 Ee OMORIN 50 oki S 4 eate er uie Vin kaa dee eae eee 500.00 POMIGOIE ouiic kn pad eos Ae he aa eke eee tee $1,000 or more TUS ois MS ain 9 aaa ok Raa a 5,000 or more

Club memberships are coils at any amount, from $10 a year or more. All contributions deductible under Federal Income Tax Law. ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California

OT Ee eh eg ee OTE TC cet 5 el ee ee te ee

AUTUMN 1955

Lasca Leaves nesiuabrrid publication of a Southern California Horticultural ye ag and e California jinn um Foundation, Inc. Issued on the of are April, July and October

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

ROBERT CASAMAJOR MILDRED MATHIAS PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER “pi wes A. MUNZ WILLIAM HERTRICH Louis B. MARTIN

WILLIAM S. STEWART, oho EDITORIAL BOARD Arboretums and Botanical Garden rthern Choa ea ona Sas Barbara—-KATHERINE K, Mu Southern California—J. Howarp eres

Economic -Plantss soy dics Coe ee ee Louis B. MARTIN Geo-botany, afd Plant Patents. 0.2.2 <5. ee L WHEELER Histoticghc i a ei ae Mrs. RICHARD Y. DaAKI Pitre os ce VERNON T. STOUTEMYER Reermmcene Design gobs esq coe ck ese oe ee RALPH D. CORNELL Ba Califoenia Pigres os ee ee Percy C. EVERETT CCDIGS 2 aich ot Races S epee eee eee DGS ROBERT CASAMAJOR Ornithological SAV Umer at hy rans ugar te W. DAN QUATTLEBAUM Plant Material. =... .:..... MILpRED Davis, PHILIP apie om say Pe ga DEM MN oe in 5s Se er ose eh occ ck PIERRE MILLER Peete MCh sk oc eee GEORGE H. ew DING be eg pai, CRO EAE Oe OS EE re rere ree W BUCK Succulenter Ges ewe Scott E. HASELTON Taxonnity OF BeOlice i hes te MILDRED MATHIAS MME POE a i ee ce oe bss PuHitip A. MUNZ

JANET WRIGHT, Editor

VoL. V OCTOBER, 1955 No. 4

CONTENTS “Les trois arbres’, Etching by Rembrandt (1643).............. 74 Landscape Architect in a Tree Garden. ..Edward Huntsman-Trout 75 Plant Introductions—1954 (concl.).. _ Philip sear Chandler 77

abe toicelyptus in Austtalia sis be cares W. Went 78 mew. Director at the Arboretum: .i)6 es Ca eas Feriew wpecies: in. California ug 665 ss «cues as ss C. A. Schroeder 83 Tree Ferns in a Calitomiac soe. Alfred W. Roberts 85 idtid COMME, i Oa a ae William Hertrich 87 The Co iedkations > L. H. Bailey to the Classification of

Cultivated Pints. 3. 4 re i ec. Philip A. Munz 88 Ficus Planting in Gowcias Los Angeles

courtesy of Fred W. Roewekamp 93

CPOWRIEE DEE a sc a eke George H. Spalding 94 a er eal ik ay ow wy 95 Rr ee i ess oh a eo eS 95 AAIOEE. PURSUE POU es oa eile sae wae Rk vow ee 96

Book Reviews gn Connemara es Sans 96

73

peayyory sdvospury] ‘jnory-urwsjunyy prempy jo Asaynoy (€h91L) Ipuriquay Aq Burygq —

SoIgie STOT}) So]

LASCA LEAVES

AUTUMN 1955 75

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT IN A TREE GARDEN

An arboretum is a botanical tree gar- den. That is to say, it is a garden devoted to the science of trees, to the story o everything about trees; ‘and of that story there is no end

Trees are whatever you are and what-

nk, in this open-air world, with the resourceful earth which is our d with the sky which

came from the c

up into the fairy-land hidden within their leafy tent; from the White Pines which I climbed to discourage the nesting of that marauder the crow; and from the ancient

their quota of leaf and flower to be named and classi- fied, to be spread to dry in the paper press,

to be mounted and labelled for the

an y, the Bald Cypress, the Norfolk Island Pine, the Royal Palm. My first job was with a nursery, planting the seeds, shifting seedlings from seed flat to thum

aspiring maturity in orchard and garden. Before ever I thought of landscape archi- tecture, trees were my familiar friends.

Trees are whatever you are and what- ill. Some tree gave Aeneas the Golden Bough which was his

Druids worshipped the Oak, perhaps looking backward to an ancient arboreal

Courtesy of Ralph C. Cornell, Landscape Ar- chitect

home. And, strangely, there are those who don't like trees. They curse the Poplar lest its roots clog the sewer. They forbid the Rubber tree lest its swelling butt break up sidewalk and curb. They cower in fear lest the Gum fall and crush the house. I like better the fair householder who said with a sigh. “Trees and husbands! Both are messy, but nice to have around all the same

Trees are a crop—of fruit, of bark, of

t

guarding the vital topsoil. Trees are a delight to humankind,—shade from the sun and a shadow on the ground, flower- ing trees for the lover of Saari fer house of line and form for t ist, a wall against the stormy wind, sid fallen leaves to be raked into piles by tidy gar- den-keepers. And whoever first said, “Go climb a tree!’’, must have regretted most

76 LASCA bitterly that age and erie joints pre- vented that he do just th

Trees are whatever you are and what- ever you will. For the archaeologist, trees provide a priceless ee of the ages. For the historian, trees may be the only living link with names and happenings long gone. For the nurseryman-grower, they are bread and butter, and money in the bank.—and old friends and stirring new acquaintances withal. For the arbor- Taxonomy, Morphology,

eny, all area tion, but shot with magic for the lover of trees nonetheless

For the landscape architect, trees are all of that, because

of co-ordination and synthesis. He must take all the materials of the land- scape, the site and all that is to be set on it for use and beauty, the works of the horti- culturist, the engineer, the ce and

must work with them to build an out-of- doors architecture which will serve the

all, professional, amateur, a era public, with * ‘commodity, firmness, ie delight.’

Landscape architecture is, fundam tally, design in three dimensions, the

organization and arrangement of space. In simple words, the landscape architect makes rooms out of doors. It may be said that his rooms have earth for floor, sky for roof, and trees for walls, although all of these are not always true. The important

and used, in relation to other trees and to other structural materials.

Massed trees make ond garden walls, especially if the space is generous. Trees may also furnish the floor with their pat- terns of shadow on lawn or paving. Again the high-branched spreading tree will j jin the sky to oe: the garden over. The wall may solid as with a sgeeee hedge of slinos Pittosporum. It may also

LEAVES

be a lacy screen such as the hedgerows which used to line the fields of a farm. It may be a wall with windows, tall trees

their precious view. With co-operation, trees will make the view

Singly Or in pairs, trees may serve to mark an entrance and, as an avenue, to create a garden hall. They may justify a turn in the road, dramatize and augment a rise ai ground, develop an architectural accent by contrast, screen out a And in screening, remember the divided- interest principle of camouflage. With a good tall tree alongside, the powerpole is scarcely seen, while a too solid screen may ane et what it is designed to hide.

A a Anita, screening is about the first teva which the landscape architect

wants to see done, around all the borders.

race track across the way, he would wish that the planted vistas lead without break to the hills and mountains of the horizon, particularly for the sake of the historic grounds which once were the heart of the thousands of acres of Rancho Santa Anita. With forethought, time saa care, plan- eed = trees will do t

If the garden be well: ad truly built,

when = come you will not be conscious that its trees are doing duty as walls, screens and so on. But Shey must do these services well for your complete satisfac-

ious’,

Arboretum, this Someday! means too that there is place to grow all possible trees for research and study, for trial and

public. Hence, while some of its trees are for garden structure, others and probably the most of them will be “objects in space”, furniture and decoration, to be seen and to be admired.

is the old-fashioned word

**Firmness”’

AUTUMN 1955 77

for sound work. When we plant trees to make a wall, or a gate, or for any other structural purpose, they must have quali- ties and characteristics suitable to that pur- pose. They must be right and fit as to size and shape, and style and structure of branch and foliage. They must be reason- ably long-lived, and amenable to our soils and to our climate. The Arboretum will have no end of experimental plantings of trees, but ex Bette will not be for basic garden structure

Contemporary par acre has made a great stir about nalism’’, wit much profit to se one ‘chigking: Ob- viously, if one takes the trouble to make anything, it should be well-made, and it should work well. The functionalist goes farther, to insist that the finished work plainly show its ‘bones’, an ideal which is exhibited in the traditional Japanese house, where timbers beautifully joined are an important part of the cena beauty of the house. The same sort of matter-of-fact common sense profits gar- den design. Other than that, the quarrel of styles, cprenen ey Interna- tional, Traditional, or have you, seems trivial i in the presence ‘af the eternal quality and dignity of the tree

Analogies to any style may be looked for and found in a tree—the stately classic of the Orange and the Laurel Bay, the Gothic of an avenue of old Elms, the Chinese Picturesque of the Deodar Cedar, and the Contemporary free-form an dynamic branching of Santa Anita’s En- gelmann Oak. However, that one value which the landscape architect may, and should, add is not to be had through re-

gard for styles or fashions, but is the value of Style. Trees are individuals. Each is unique. They will be chosen and grown so as to develop and display Style as indi- viduals, as the best of their kind, supreme- ly expressive of that quality, that value, which i culiar to each sort of tree.

oh ei harmonized through emphasis a common quality, or in striking con- aie It is in this sort of order in the land- onl tt saci of trees, as mite in ation to each other an wottel abet them, that is to be found the

best rule book is that o hardwood forest, the j

with appreciative maintenance through

the years, can then realize the full comple-

ment of the beauty of trees, and so fulfill

the final goal of the landscape architect,

which is to crown all his work with ht’

“delight

Posteriptam —The Arboretum is not ex- clusively to be planted to trees. However, an sihorcaned is, by definition, a garden of trees. For that reason, and because our Southern California climate is such that the tree is the plant most vital to our health and agents existence, herein our story is of the

ea Hara taotr

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954

PHiLtip EpwARD CHANDLER

Ficus decora came into this country from

branches occur sooner and lower on the main stem as well as being spaced closer together corres- ponding to the close formation of the leaves. With the advent of chilly nights, the leaves and terminal growth turn even

redder than the normal propensity which is close to that of F. elastica, with its char- acteristic bright new leaf sheaths. So far, in the Los Angeles area, F. decora has served as a tub plant in both full sun and partial shade. One stunning planting has combined it with Echeveria metallica. In

warmer nights and the total effect is of a (Concl. on p. 8

LASCA LEAVES

THE EUCALYPTUS IN AUSTRALIA

F. W.

FoR SEVERAL MONTHS I have been trav- eling through Australia, a continent as large as the Continental United States, area of 3,000,000 square

tralia: the Eucalyptus. It occurs in moist areas with over 50 inches of rainfall, but

nating in Moun tropics at 10° SL in Northern Australia to the Southernmost part of Tasmania, at 42° SL. On soils with a hard-pan it forms shrub-thickets, but on deep rich soils in the mountains it rhe into majestic for- ~ of 300 ft. h swamps, on rocky outcrops, in sand or on heavy clay. It forms excellent timber or

the very diverse ecological niches or re- quirements o ole continent, at the virtual exclusion of other trees. Although Australia is geographically isolated from most of the rest of the world, restricting

terial for = evolution of trees specifically adapte the Australian environment. Yet it was ee Myrtaceae which ay ong the basis for most tree-needs her a examples of o ion ree can be mentioned the rainforests along t

Eastern aoa scarps where the os genera have penetrated from New Guinea and the Asian copies. and in the — the Beech (Nothofagus) forms fore

But against competition of these eh a

WENT

trees three quarters of all trees in Aus- tralia are Eucalyptus. There is no other r

e genus. C parable group, but there we are dealing many different genera in several families.

Although before arriving in Australia I had known about the importance of

Saltornih too, but iid the most maj of all I saw, or the rapidly regenerating E. gigantea, or the beautiful E. goniocalyx, or the highly frost-resistant E. niphophila, are never encountered with us. This seems strange, because of the very intensive introduction of Eucalyptus into age in the be- ginning of the century. The Los Angeles State and County reac ae Kas started a very active program of introduction of t

active cooperation of many scientists in Australia, and the vigorous efforts in Arcadia, we can look forward to a new era of success af Eucalyptus in- troduction in Califor

It may be of abi to mention some of the conditions of growth of Eucalyptus in Australia, which might help us in our efforts to introduce more Eucalyptus and

growt which is climatically so similar to tralia. The first point of interest is that

here in Australia we seldom find a forest |

in which only a single species of Eucalyp- tus grows by itself. With the exception vo

E. regnans, 2 or 3 species always grow ©

AUTUMN 1955

together, perfectly mixed, with usually the trees ener a. Still more remark- able is that one of this combination is al- ways a nails Bs the sub-genus Renan- therae, which w

a ak a Eucalyptus of the Reson ie p and another one like viminalis or shed is a biological unit, of which the members stimulate each other in the sense that all together grow better than each eas If this is actually the case there

an added reason for separa gl nanos in California. For there is a hance that we could obtain better growth of our Eucalyptus, now grow ing , if we mixed the

° =)

the contrary stimulates the growth of the tree. In many cases trees paermit: having mycorrhiza, such as most pines, cannot be grown successfully without it. The fun- gus derives much of its food from the tree roots, whereas the roots receive growt

promoting ee from the fungus, and e fungus seems to func-

ae are so abundant in the wet season in fores Mos ost t Eucalyptus are very fire resistant. There is hardly a natural forest in Aus- tralia of which the trunks do not show scars or which do no fire- black ead bark. The old trees usually es- cape destruction by fire for several rea- sons. The driest Eucalyptus forests have a ch does not come rasses, Banksia’s and the typical Australian Grass Tree

ad

(Xanthorrhoea). A fire in such a forest

ains close to the ground, and in this way the tops of the trees escape injury. This causes a typical openness of the for- h one can see for a

thick that the living tissues inside are not injured. In the wetter Eucalyptus forests the shrub undergrowth is higher and a fire in such a forest usually develops into ll-

Thi the

called ligno-tuber, a tuber-like swelling a the underground part of the stem, which survives after all above-ground parts have been consumed re, and from which new atone Redes This strong bape erative power can be observed in ou Eucalyptus sabes which inehotinety resprouts after having been cut at ground- evel.

The regenerative power of a Eucalyptus forest after a fire is truly remarkable. The young trees come up in very large num- bers and do not seem to be crowded out by

This is definitely not due to lack of light, for Eucalyptus forests are remarkably

much light.

It is of course impossible to describe all the different types of Eucalyptus forest in detail, but I would like to say something more about the most impressive one I

80 LASCA

have seen, the Mountain Ash (E. regnans)

its water. The rainfall in this forest whic is situated at 2000-3000 ft. altitude is about 40-50 inches per year, with another

t of the E. regnans forests have been destroyed by fire or by man. But where it still stands untouched it is of an undescribable grandeur, the slender trunks without branches for the lower 150 feet, reaching straight up pale yellow or greenis its light olive leaves. At their base most trees are 6-10 ft. wide, and their height varies between 260

and 300 feet. They dwarf stately tree

trees. In between lie the long strips of bark which peel off like in our California Eucalyptus.

In looking up against these most grace- ful of all trees, one wonders what has made them grow so tall. One compares them of course with the California Red- woods which grow slightly taller, and with the Sierran Sugar pines, or the mag- nificent conifers in the Alpes Maritimes in Southern France. It is curious that no-

in

ests just mentioned, which all lie well out- side the tropics, at about 40° N or S of the equator. And comparing the climates with each other, we find that all of them: Vic- toria, California and Southern France have winter rainfall and summer drought. Dur- ing the drier months the forests all seem to be soe at 4 surrounded by fog, which can be con heir needles or leaves to Bitsince a eee er amount of precipitation, and in none of the localities

LEAVES

tor in their growth. But we have seen already that in really moist tropical coun- tries trees do not grow so tall. Therefore is not the water supply benny deter- mines how tall a tree can gro

Which other factor might ee lim- iting in a tall tree? That is the transloca- tion of food from the leaves to the root systems and to the growing cells of the stem. In work which I have carried out with tomato plants I found that the cooler the temperature, the better the sugar formed in the leaves was transported to other parts of the plant and the better it could grow. On the other hand the tem- perature during day had to be fairly high to obtain the highest rate of photosynthe- sis. When we compare now again the cli- mates where the tallest trees grow, then we find that they are the summer drought areas, which means at the same time, that they have big temperature differences be- tween day and night. The drier the cli- mate, the bigger this diurnal temperature differential is. Therefore it is not so much the dryness of the summer, which makes

_ +

mal for the removal of these sugars to the roots. In warmer or cooler or wetter cli- mates we may get very large trees, but their size is not so much tallness but rath- er thickness, such as the enormous Kauri’s (Agathis australis) in the forests of Nor- thern New Zealand which reach a di- ameter of 30 feet, but are not over 200 feet high. The climate there is much wet- ter throughout the year and the big tem- differential of the summer drought areas does not occur there.

The tallest Eucalyptus trees are found in tegen tet Westeren Australia, again in an

a with summer drought, and with a

total rainfall of 50 inches, which supports the suggestion put forth earlier in this article. And the Eucalyptus regnans which

Ww a considerably cooler climate and not such a pronounce summer drought is still a very tall tree, but does not go much above 200 feet.

AUTUMN 1955 81

NEW DIRECTOR AT THE ARBORETUM

DR. WILLIAM S. STEWART, chairman

cepted the position of director of the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, and head of the Department of Arboreta and Botanical Gardens in Los Angeles County. He succeeds Dr. Russell 13 Sita

Term

Ww ers in September as Director of the Arboretum, Operated since 1953 by Los,’ Angeles County. In addition to continuing the estab- lished program of developing new orna- mental plants suitable to culture in south- ern California, including thirteen counties,

Dr. Stewart states that he plans to accel- erate a research program for the ‘‘back- yard gardener’, who he points out is assuming an increasingly important role

U awarded a Ph.D. in plant physiology at Cal Tech in 1939.

Prior to joining the Citrus Experiment Station staff in 1945, he served with the USDA Bureau of Plant Industry and dur- ing World War II was assigned to emergency investigations on rubber pro- ductjon in Mexico.

He left the Riverside campus in 1950 to spend three years with the Pineapple Research Institute in Hawaii, where he was head of the plant physiology depart-

He returned to Riverside in 1953 to assume chairmanship of the Department of Orchard Management at the Citrus

bining the i of Orchard Man- agement and Plant Breeding.

Dr. Stewart has sis headed the station committee on orchard rejuvenation, which

rus.

Skiing and hiking are the chief hobbies

of the onde family which in addition

to Mrs. Stewart seri Mary Lee 10, David 9, Carol Ann

LASCA LEAVES

Upper: Persea nubigena

Lower: Persea schiedeana

AUTUMN 1955 83

PERSEA SPECIES IN CALIFORNIA Mis

. A. SCHROEDER

Department of Subtropical Horticulture

THE URGENT NEED for new Persea spe- cies or botanical relatives as rootstocks with disease resistance or which may in- duce higher yields and develop relatively smaller avocado trees has been responsible for the introduction of Persea species and

and species have failed to become estab-

° 5 aan)

-£ - — = oO =

’

erials and other causes, e es have been successfully established in Cali- ia and have become available for use

materials may have ornamental value and other potential uses; hence a brief ac- count of them seems warranted.

Among the Persea species which have

Its exact date of introduction is not known.

University of California, Los Angeles

Another species is Persea borbonia, the swamp-bay of the Gulf states. This species is found wild in the swampy lowlands of

known at present. The fruits are about the size of a small pea and about the same form and are inedible. The swamp-bay

At least one introduction of this species was made by the University about 1946.

o or chinnini, Persea schiede-

The large pubescent leaf is not unlike that of the loquat but with a smoother or entire margin. The young tree is frequent- ly mistaken for a loquat by the casual or uncritical observer. The leaves commonly

a width

SSseaRE ple

84 LASCA The tree is cit upright in habit, a rapid limited observations indicate

t unlike a small Mexican seedling, with little flesh of inferior quality.

Persea gigantea, the wild avocado of Mt. Uyuca, Honduras, was introduced in- to California in 1946. This species in its native habitat is a very large tree 60 to 70 feet tall. The coriaceous leaf is broadl lanceolate in form with considerable pu- bescence. The young unfolded leaves and stem tip are covered with a bright red pubescence of a color not found in most other ae of Persea.

wild avocado of Tecpan (Guate- Sale), Persea nubigena, was sent to Cali- fornia ilson Popenoe about e leathery nature - the broadly a. leaves makes t plant less attractive to most people se Na with other species in the group. The few speci- mens observed in California have shown

The fruit is small pyriform with large seed and little flesh,

tractive

n introduction made in 1947 which has received considerable attention because of its relative ease of propagation and es- pecially because of its precocity and heavy yields is Persea floccosa. This species from the ane icsianees of Mt. Orizaba in Vera Cruz, roduces an abundance of small, pach inedible, pyriform fruit about two inches in diameter with corky, hard skin. The fruit is fant in large clus- ters. It has been hybridized with the com-

bearing habit and precocity ma in- duced in the hybrids or their backcrosses.

The leaf of P. floccosa is somewhat nar- rowly lanceolate in form, very

along the young branchlets. This species

LEAVES

has been observed to manifest as much cold ae as any avocado, even as young plan

Several rc 1 sjeem including P. Don- nell-Smithii and P. skutchii introduced by Dr. G. A. Zentmyer, pe many other bo- tanical relatives — probably of the near ndra—and s tee Anions more closely related to the avocado are awaiting indexing and more extended observations before ‘their characteristics and identit can be determined. It is likely that at least some of them may prove to be of value and interest to the amateur irene as well as the research worker

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1954 (Continued from p. 77) much more co mpact and superior strain . elastica; though there, as with so many plants, the warmer nights have not brought out the red-bronze in the foliage, one of the plant’s most attractive character- istics. The cold tolerance of this species is not yet known. ebe menziesi is a little bush veronica recently brought south from the San Fran- Many species and Keer hebe have been grown in oastal south for generations, but in the opiniol of the writer, this is the best of them all. Only 14”-16” high and 20” across, this elegant little shrub which looks w dressed at all times, spells the happy an- swer for a permanent ornamental where

eR Ne Se ROE Se RE Ce eT

mound of good gloss and fine texture. And in addition to all these attributes, the shrubs BLOOMS i

virus, has een observed on a single plant in ber garden; in no way is this e a “prima donna.” Its extremely

small scale suggests its eae wit things like Lonicera nitida and Aza microphylla; Fairthveenite. it looks well alone, in 7” fern

AUTUMN 1955 85

TREE FERNS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

ALFRED W. ROBERTS

THE MANY TREE FERNS known, there are less than twenty species which have been successfully grown out-of-doors in hern California. No doubt this num- ber will increase as new ferns are intro- duced. Heading the list among the most popular tree ferns are Alsophila well

nd Dicksonia antarctica, These two spe- cies are preferred because of tele ability to adapt themselves to the climate of Southern California’s coastal zones ophila australis and its robust cousin

reach fairly strong sunlight. fps grace- ful chartreuse fronds extend from 6 to unks see reached hern Califor- nia). A. excelsa grows faster and straight- er than the australis, and reaches heights of 40 to 60 feet in the tropical regions of og: valag s known, but the hardiest of the . This

antarctica 1s

its slower growth, this species is better suited to small areas.

The roots which add to the bulk of the trunk each year are criss-crossed. Dickson- ia fibrosa is often mistaken for D. antarc- tica.

_ Also from New Zealand we have the lovely, narrow, black trunked Dicksonia Squarrosa. The three- to four-foot fronds

are produced on dark, hairy stems and as- me a horizontal position when mature. This fern will foliage burn during the ex- tremely hot, dry days of late fall. It does well in canyons near the coast or in humid areas and under such conditions it is com- mon for young shoots to sprout from the trunk. Average height is eight feet.

Hemitelia smithii is very similar to D. squarrosa except that its fronds are quite soft in texture and are even more subject to foliage burn during hot, dry weather. Recommended for cool, coastal canyons. Average height is eight feet.

Alsophila armata, recently introduced

rom Mexico an merica, enjoys a cool, protected spot. Time will tell if this spine-leafed fern will accept our cli- matic conditions favorably.

Cyathea medals is os rapid grower and is considered by so 5 he as hardy as A. aa ee Its black saat fronds have reached 12 feet in length. Plants in

Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, have reached heights exceeding 24 feet with a 20 foot spread, and some have trunks 16 inches at the base. Its cousin, C. dealbata, or Silver Fern from the Northern and Middle Islands of New Zealand, is not such a rapid grower. Several plants in their native habitat have produced trunks 40 feet hi ut most mature plants reach heights of 15 feet. They have a sil- ver sheen on the under side of their green- stalked fronds.

Concluded in next issue rrr eT eee Yee ee ee ee ee ee ee

act baie ‘ala ag Fuchsia Society, a unit

as sult of a merger of two groups

formerly hiaces oning separately, sponsored a Pla

Mid-Summer Shade nt Show on July 9th and 10th, in the Long Beach Municipal Audi-

iu ng Beach, Calif. Displays of fuch- sias and related shade plants, entered by the Societ a S$ Ww extend from San Luis Obispo to Chula Vista, included begonias, ferns, African Violets, gloxinias,

bromeliads, as well as commercial equipment to help grow them successfully

86 LASCA LEAVES

ke Rac ae

ae:

os left: Idria columnaris, young plant, leafing out asd habitat photo by Merrill.

Eee left: wey awe specime en in Hunt- ington Rateniin’ Gardens; photo by Ralph Cornell. Upper right ‘oat s twig and in-

florescence; photo courtesy Huntington Botan. ical Gardens. Lower right: habitat view in dry season; photo by Merrill

AUTUMN 1955 87

IDRIA COLUMNARIS

WILLIAM HERTRICH

ONE OF THE CURIOUS specimens of desert plants that one encounters on an investi- gative poawed through the Desert Garden of the Hun

literature it is unaccountably called also the Boojam Tree.

Botanically, dria columnaris belongs to the family Fouquieriaceae. It has a limited habitat, that portion of Baja California extending from approximately the thir- tieth parallel southward for about one hundred miles, growing there in colonies or ‘forests’, in one of the desert spots on the margin ‘of the Bay of Sebastian Viz- caino, east of Cedros Island. The in which it thrives, however, ad bad of inland deserts, but it is likely to be relatively low in humidity sage ee

ews and infrequent rains and a reason- ably high water table. The exceptionally limited confines of the habita slow spread of the species ais be ac- countable to some extent to the behavior

that reach maturity. Young vitally dependent upon at least occasional rains during the summer dry season. Ma- ture plants, on the other hand, enter a period of estivation in late summer and remain dormant until the autumn or win- ter rains, a habit which juvenile plants do

comparative drought, young specimens ate fatally affected. Younger plants “i usually pone in shape, broader than high (see cut). Pie the Pan is well chlished it has mense capacity for survival. Occasion- ally saolated specimens have made news

in cactus and succulent literature. One,

Carefully measured by a methodical plant hunter, over a period of thirteen years it was found to have grown six inches. Normally plants grow to heights of forty feet or more with a two- foot base, tapering upward to a relatively slim terminal. The branches are little more than twigs in relation to the trunk; they measure about two feet long at the base of the sei shortening to a mere few inches near top. The accompanying pe gr eke how specimens h with and without leafy foliage, the latter condition a protective one durin season. The leafing out occurs again once the rains

moisture becomes

necessary to its s been found to be fairly hollow, and it is recorded that bees introduced into Lower California for horticultural and economic purposes, have thrived by occupying Cirio runks.

Flowers of Idria columnaris are small three-petalled, ivory-white to pale green blossoms appearing chiefly near the termi- nal, in a manner similar to those on the familiar Ocotillo plants of California deserts. Comparatively rare under cultiva- tion, plants of various ages are observable

of the native habitat. Plants in the Hunt- ington Gardens are either specimens col- lected and transplanted here, or plants grown from seed (very thin, papery, trans- parent) from the largest and oldest in the Gardens. The latter, somewhat over twenty years ago was about twenty feet tall—said to have been the finest public specimen known to exist. It is now close to forty-feet and in excellent condition.

88 LASCA LEAVES

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF L. H. BAILEY TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS

Puitie A. MUNZ

A paper — on oo 6, ted Plan at the m

1955 in a symposium on “ meetings of The American ene

The ‘porpiatagpe of Culti-

Bic ein Sciences, Michigan State Univers

My FIRST CONTACT ison L. H. Bailey was a silent one. I remember as a grad- uate student at Camel University ‘Spine: ing a day in the stacks in the central library. It was about 1916 and I worked

was much thrilled and boasted to my fel- low students about it afterward. Bailey had retired as dean of the College of Agriculture by the time I arrived at Cornell in 1914 so that we did not see him on the campus with much frequency, but we new people heard about him con- stantly. As a matter of fact, he was in Ithaca much of the time and we caught m

hen I joined the staff of the Bailey Hor- torium in 1944. I presume it was my connection with that staff for two years, in which the Manual of Cultivated Plants was in preparation, which accounts for my presence on the program today. It has fallen to my lot mostly not to work with cultivated plants, but the two years spent at the Bailey Hortorium (1944- 1946) gave me a little insight into prob- lems connected with their study and great- ly enhanced my acquaintance with sys- tematic literature. In fact they ine been invaluable to me since in building up a library on botany and bisaiealecee to the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic

In thinking? overt material for she pres- ent paper and in reading some of Dr. Bailey's early writings, I have received a number of impressions:

(1) Dr. Bailey's long life of botanical activity covered a period in which the whole concept of the species, of classifi- cation, of systematic botany in general

made great growth. His own thinking naturally underwent change and he helped

and enough to make him rate as a sys- tematist of first rank.

(3) His work on cultivated plants was tremendous, embracing not only titles like

Cyclopedias, Hortus, Manual of Culti- vated Plants, etc., but even more basic pieces of w

As we aks the subject assigned to me for today let us examine in more

ave e been im- pressed again by the fact ae Dr. Bailey was not a closet botanist. To him plants were much more than dry fragments mounted on a sheet of white paper. He was a field man, who collected widely in this country and abroad. Witness his excursions to most of the spots in Amer- ica from which species of Rubus had been described, from San Francisco to Ver- mont. Think of the collections he had made of Carex over much of eastern and western North America. Remember his long trips into the interior of China, to Panama, to Brazil, to Venezuela, to

over to Mrs. Bailey. He said that she — always carefully put it away and when she died it had been willed to him. In this

—_

'\

_

—

ee

a

Dl Uh

Oe ee

AUTUMN 1955 89

the wild, but he also knew them as they

it. Bae his little “Cross-Breeding and easing lished in April, 1892, and read t sults of his own work in the oe n. He wrote there: ‘In 1889, several aid crosses were made among egg-plants. These fruits matured pet the seeds from them were sown Some 200 plants were grown’”’ “A dozen fruits were selected from various parts of this patch, and in 1891 about 2500 plants were grown from them.” Further on, “In extended experiments in the crossing of pumpkins, squashes and gourds, car- ie during se increase crossing has n many instances.’ As an- instance, he grew a Paraguayan species of Physalis or husk-tomato, seeds of which had been sent him by Morong. He tried it in the house and out-doors without getting any fruit. But the third attempt, also out-of-doors, resulted in seed. He noted physiological differences r response. He noted the tremendous

0 spear produced by hybridizing, say- 8

pub

Rerbiaee of the Bailey Hortorium has much important cultivated material. Thus as the years passed, Bailey's ex-

isms gave him y differed among Stan 5 phsilocaly and internally as well as morphologically and that often it was the former differ-

rs importance of physiology in the species

ae back to the first of the three

aper on inheritance in peas. Bailey later received a letter from De Vries telling him that it was this reference that led him to seek Mendel’s

(which ite himself rose not seen, as it

bo Mendel’s paper and later, in helping to shape the more modern taxonomic point of view oming now to the second point i stated, namely the large amount of t Bailey on wild

fe) the study of cultivated species so success- fully. Among his earlier studies the most I am aware is the

papers as a ae of North American species in n which almost 300 species were gra This series con- tinued until at least 1896. The Bailey collection of herbarium material in this genus is a notable one and as late as 1945 Bailey still hoped to go back to this early love and do something of mono- graphic nature. I am certain that the intensive study in this genus which he carried on in herbaria in Europe as well as in America gave him a type concept and the training that prepared him for

90 LASCA later tasks. Then followed the period of his deanship at Cornell (1903-1913) which was net productive of taxonomic research. But after that his reports on his

apers describing a number of noveltics, again in wild plants. And then came a new series of studies

raphic in nature, all based on con- siderable field study, in some cases garden culture, and of course herbarium and library work. Perhaps the most exhaus- tive of these treatments was that of North American Rubus (a series of papers in Gentes Herbarum) a study which like the others involved groups of considerable

im and has illustrated it beautifully and painstakingly. Moreover, as never before, as amassed an herbarium collection

of adequate specimens for reference. Among other papers of his later period is the one on North American species of Cucurbita (Gentes Herbarum 6: 267-322. 1943). Here, as in Rubus, he was con- cerned with both wild and cultivated plants and, here again, he gives us a new basis from which to proceed in the study of this genus. The same is true of his paper on grapes of North America

(Gentes Herbarum 3:151-244, 1934).

work is ~ on palms. I believe it is

e voluminous than — of us realize. Begining as an O eriod when most greg pa e satisfied to rest on thei

this work unimportant. Certainly so large a family and one contributing so muc

world, needs to be thoroughly’ understood. So far as I can ascertain his published

LEAVES

studies on this family in the volumes of Gentes Herbarum cover just over 1100 pages with another 113 pages in collab- oration with Dr. H. E. Moore, Jr. Most of us are in no position to judge the merit of this work. I do know, however, that the collection Bailey brought from the tropics and on which these studies are largely based exceeds in quality and com- pleteness that of most or any other palm collections. His attempt was to get by actual pieces and by photographs as com- plete a representation of each species as possible. Remember too that while es this field work often in very rugged an inaccessible places, he was in his cape and eighties. I recall that when he Giened to the Hortorium in the spring of 1946 from some months in Trinidad and Tobago he brought with him a mass of material. He arranged this species by spe- cies and went over it with me oto- graphs of and notes on habit and stature, photographs of inflorescences and other ai age parts, specimens of necessary parts — as leaves, flowers, fruits. nae me material apr ye of the names under which many of these West Indian palms had a ows: Origin-— ally many of these names had beer. based | on Brazilian species and Dr. Bailey showed — me how different the Brazilian and West Indian plants were. This paper on the- Palms of Trinidad and ila (Gentes — Herbarum 7: 352-445. 1947) was pub-— lished in Bailey's 91st year and it is a_ natural temptation on seeing the many — new species therein described to doubt their validity. Knowing nothing about palms but seeing the material on which — these were based I have more confidence in them. At any rate, for a nonegenarian — to write such a paper, lucidly expresed and with each species beautifully illus-— trated, is no mean accomplishment. — Needless to say, many of the palms stud- | ied are of considerable economic import- ance, | I have taken some time and may seem — far from the topic assigned me, but I am _ impressed through this series on mono- graphic or revisional papers by Bailey's comprehension and understanding of both

Ps

AUTUMN 1955 91

feral and domesticated species in each group. They are treated alike. In papers on blackberries, pumpkins and grapes he makes no differentiation, but discusses plants of the wild and those of the garden. And now we come to the third point men- tioned early in my discussion, that of Bailey’s work on cultivated plants pri- marily.

When we think of this work on culti- vated plants there come to mind first his books like the Manual of Cultivated Plants, Hortus, and the Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. Here we see names given to plants of the garden and orchard, we are given descriptions and keys for determination. But we do not always know what goes on before such treatment is possible. In the first place, cultivated plants vary tremendously as to how much they have been modified by man. Some are almost like the wild spe- cies from which they were taken; their treatment is relatively easy if there are good monographs and floras available. Others have been modified recently enough so that we know something as to their parentage and development and the historical record in taxonomic literature

f these Linnaeus named, but it is not always easy to know which form, in what may be a very polymorphic species, Linnaeus knew and to which form his binominal should apply and to which others various varietal or subspecific epi- thets can be given. Other cultivated plants

were not known by Linnaeus and yet eeded mes. Moreover, the general feeling, at least in America, used to be

2,448 t that domesticated plants were beyond the

tematic botany in Bailey’s youth, felt that many domesticated groups were too com- plex for satisfactory taxonomic treatment.

The above ideas gradually came to Dr. Bailey and in 1918 he proposed (Science 47: 306-308) the terms indigen for plants

of known habitat and distribution in the

found hundreds among plants of long periods of domestication. He argued that these cultigens need to be admitted ” the society of recognized 905 (Science 21:

tion between native form forms is einen unnecessary and per- nicious. All animals are animals and all plants are plats.” :

in his writings such papers as

The Domesticated Cucurbitas (Gentes Herbarum 2: 62-115. 1929) and The Cultivated Brassicas (lc., 2101267

1930), where he treats as species what so seem to him. I do not argue that the bi- nomials that he proposes will stand. His treatment of the genus Capsicum, for in- ot be the acceptable one after

cribed and figured his proposed species or variety and thus made it possible to record and discuss the entity concerne

For many year Bailey was con- cerned about the rigidity of our nomen- clatorial procedure and its inadequacy with reference to domesticated plants par- ticularly. He spoke and wrote repeatedly to this end. He undoubtedly helped to bring to a head the movement that has at last culminated in 1954 in a nomencla- torial code for cultivated plants and which should help in time to reduce the con- fusion in horticultural literature.

Not only did Dr. Bailey create the great reference works already mentioned, such as the Standard Cyclopedia of American Horticulture and Hortus, but he w many m on Cultivated Evergreens, the Garden of Pinks, The Garden of Larkspurs, the Gar- den of Gourds, The Garden of Bellflowers. And all during the years he continued to

92 LASCA build up the herbarium in which are de- posited specimens of so — domesti- and plants as well as wild o

me Dr. Bailey’s rue eer to the iia aeateas ol sane ti plants lie in

pie directior 1) He more than anyone else in Pek helped break the prejudice

against the taxonomic study of domesti- cated plants, and showed that they need to be approached with the same techniques and methods as do other plants.

(2) He helped develop the method- ology for the systematic study of plants in general and the philosophy and point of view behind such study. Moreover, he very ably expressed all this in words.

ZL

WILLIAM HERtTRICH—Fellow, American Camellia Society: “Mr. William Hertrich, Curator Emeritus of the Henry E. Hunt- ington Botanical Gardens, San Marino, has been elected a Fellow of the American Camellia Society in recognition of and appreciation for his outstanding contribu- tions in the field of horticulture an

with ig aa emphasis on the genus Camellia L.”’ Such is the quote from American Camellia spond ; No. 3., July 1955, announcing this fitting

William Hertrich: Medal

of Honor of the Garden Club of America presented March 19,

LEAVES

(3) He made available by his own published works both monographic and encyclopedic treatments 4s which culti- vated plants can be identified.

He brought a aa to which led toward a more adequate formu- ation of rules for nomenclature of do- mesticated plants.

(5) He assembled an herbarium col- lection of cultivated plants different from any other in America

(6) He urged, and with considerable success, the deposition of representative material in an herbarium when chromo- some counts are published, so that identi- — of the plant concerned can always be verified.

ne

yi

recognition of one of Lasca Leaves’ valued editorial committee members and advisors, and one of its senior contributors. Read- ers of have not yet been privileged to see the photographic repro- duction of the Medal of Hono

by The Garden Club of America, honor received within the current year, on

March 19, 1955 (see Lasca Leaves, Vol. V, No. 2, Spring 1955; Cactus on Suc- culent Journ il of Aserice Vol. 27, No. 2,

March 1955). Note illustration aii

1955

FICUS PLANTING IN DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES printed in Lasca Leaves W. Roewekamp

Release for Parks and Recreation Magazine; by courtesy of Richfield Oil Corporation and F.

THERE’S A NEW LOOK to the northwest corner of Sixth and Flower Streets in downtown Los Angeles these days.

It's a look of freshness and brightness, brought there with the planting by Rich- field Oil Corporation of thirteen ever- green rubber trees (Ficus retusa) in the sidewalks bordering its familiar black and gold General Office building.

Planted in cooperation with the Los Angeles Beautiful program for the ane fication of Downtown Los An ngeles, they are the first trees to be siti in sidewalks in the central business ar

__ Officially, the trees now ‘belong to the

~

at ceremonies attended by business ud civic leaders on April 14.

hope the planting of these trees will Ai ad to many additional plantings throughout the downtown area,” Mayor

Poulson said. “Nothing oo add more to the arsed eness of our ¢

As a leader in the field of conservation education and encouragement, and with many trees having been removed in Los

ngeles to make way for expansion, it is Richfield’ s aim in planting these trees to help conserve the City’s beauty, Mr. Jones said. Planted in the outer edges of the side- walks, the trees are spaced to conform with saree entrances, crosswalks and lighting facilities in accordance with the pattern laid sa by Albert C. Martin and Associates, architects and engineers. Or- namental ironwork guards protect the trees and sidewalk grilles permit watering and cultivation.

ee Lasca Leaves, Vol. IV, No aS for ak on Ais Valley

M. Knudse

Te os Angeles Be autiful”

94

LASCA LEAVES

ANNOUNCEMENT

Russella K. MeGah, until current date, sae Agecters My the Los Angeles State a nd Count retum, has rec cited certi ification from t

on scheme

initiated by cad ‘Libra Manks. e€ LASCA ‘henty is an ree el ed hak the scheme will come into its own, in admirable sts

tribute to its current Librarian, Mrs.

is Gunatats LASCA Weather Records pub- lished eee

4 4 4

]. Howard ane Aus hewn of hoa and nde ine a Hu

Marino, has en elect ay a nara of the ar ate California Horticultural Ins

GROWING NOTES

GEORGE H. SPALDING

ANIGOZANTHUS One of the most interesting contribu- tions to Southern California gardens from the land “down under” is Anigozanthus or Kangaroo Paw. This genus belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. It is composed

like resembling Siberian Iris and often po as some black along the margins. The a companying artist's drawing illustrates the form very well. The plants are in flower for a long period of time, two months or more, blooming usually in July and Aug- ust in Southern California. They have the cL RE of being made of felt a somewhat artificial feeling. As cut flow- ers for arrangements they are oustanding and unique. e flowers are ular, opening into a star at the end. The tubes are extremel y fuzzy ; the open stars clear green usually with the anthers showing clear and yellow in the center of the star. The stems of some plants are quite black and the flowers chartreuse, a striking con- trast. The group we are growing at the Ar- boretum are apparently hybrids, and pos- itive identification has not been made as

sown in our regular seeding mixture (one-

half Georgia Peat, one-half Sponge Rok by volume). All three lots germinated in three weeks. The plants grew well and were planted in the field nursery when one year old. The soil in this nursery is black and heavy becoming very sticky when wet and hard to the point of cracking when . Good growth resulted and the first blooms appeared when the plants were two years old. In 1954 all the clumps

ou. a

oe f OP

Anigozanthus

Original pen and ink sketch by Ted Pugh

ie m

RT eS

AUTUMN 1955 95

were removed from the nursery and

planted in the Australian section where

» roots are fibrous not rhizomatomous. No

. cr =. 7) i ao ss) 5 = = Oo > ia) Lal om pp oo +O [ae c a oe 5 an ia’) A om “a cr rs) =) [ow

would be valuable if the flowers were used in cut arrangements.

No special care as to feeding or water- ing has been given these plants and they flourish. Water is applied (a thorough soaking) about every ten days to two weeks.

In addition to the hybrid group men- tioned above, we are also growing Anigo- zanthus manglesii. At this writing the seedlings have just been put into the field so no reports can be made.

The Kangaroo Paws are an interesting and relatively easy group of plants to grow. They are unusual and should be much more widely used in Southland

ne oe

saath PICTUR

We indebted to ree New York Botanic iGuide: and to Scott E. Hasel- n for the color plate—not an indication

e an adopted custom at present but as an experimental diversion at the end of the first five years of Lasca Leaves and to mark the issue of its first indexing. The repro- duction appeared as an end-plate of The Garden Journal of the New York Botani-

Alexander, to the following effect: ne of the most interesting of jungle cacti, Cryptocereus anthonyanus, was first by T. MacDougall in the jungles of the state of Chiapas in Mexico in Jan- uary 1946. Until it flowered in 1950 it could not be botanically named, at which

is one of a group of cacti requiring both heat and moisture to thrive, but differing

— lasting but a single night. The eam and maroon color contrast is ex- cedoniily striking.

2

i gardens. | CALENDAR Muriel Merrell, newly appointed Flower these Standard Flower anal Divisions. All of Show Schools Chairman for District 2-A, is e instructors will be redited with the

geles area will begin on Saturday, October 29th. In the interest of immediately improved Amateur Flower Shows, the 2nd Series has been

— lL oO v 5 wr

of Instruction on eae ulture, Nitate Arrange- and ‘Flower Showmans he New Secies | s been sarecialls designed

il ide ane

S a > oo

=] nn cI - paver oO °o 2 o ta) om ry Ms ia) x ° ok -_ tat co — = il I oe '

— z ys J 17) or > ca) = — an o lo) a) ] a Bm °] cI om sn] > Len J Lee 3 pe =) gs a 5 ge < i] = +“ Cc yw

ones use of ie Current Judging practices ‘plied to both of

National Council of State Gatien Clubs.

ase i = Sagar in the lecture on gis “Show will be i ious Piasene Sh ow Chairmen, General S$ oe a Flower Show Sc Aidehte proper Pneatconne and Display

e who wish to work towards a

n elles passed, and all lectures attended.

Enrollment is limited. Register promptly. sonia information ¢an be obtained by writing

aati MERRELL

Flower Show Sc rgd oe District 2-A 823 North Laurel A

Hollywood 46, California

LASCA LEAVES

NAMES, NOTES AND NEWS

96

Dorothy Jenkins, Garden Editor, New Times, travelled in the southland during Au- gust, to study the field of flower seed produc

tion and the firms which handle he by cae of

poe shin for that purpose in this part

of the country. Lompoc, the nor cgesier Genioid

f Southern California, was cular spot tion

resources al-

most solely to acres

verting from this s

ington Botanical Gar eens San Mar Miss Jenkins interviewed Mr. Hertrich on the Cac- t nd lent Collection tae as Mi

second Sunday of beige in the New Vue Times Garden Sec

Lasca Leaves’ editor Board Members— Mrs. Mildred Davis and Dr. Louis B. Martin are scheduled capita a in courses for horti-

Gal Adults, in September. Mrs _ Davis is a Land-

rae a and Garden Consultant. Dr. Mar " Plact hy si oe at the Los

n adia, will ten-wee in Agricultural Plant Physiology, a ota on Wednesday, September 14, at Univ. Exten. Center, a a? Hill, ie t Niooes

Fred W. Roe oe clr haely has as Sup- erintendent of Park Developmen the De-

a it about

by Char ae: ipadlcare

Div . {For further news of Street Tie yep ag in the City of Los Angeles, see ool.

BOOK REVIEWS pes COMMENTS

Garden Spice and Wild Pot-Herbs. Walter C Muenscher and Myron A.

New York. 1955. This 211 pages has a wealth of interesting material on pir of the herbs used in seasoning and cookery. The subject matter covers oie crip- tions of ae plants, their treatment (propaga- tion, hardiness, harvesting, ne, storing) and their culinary and other A chap on

€

oO engravings not only € sei aati look like, but pr

the whole work an old- payne charm o ght herbals. The type used and the make-up of the book a consistent a. tis ee The

price 1s $5.7 p A. MuNz y ieee age

Asiatic wee in Cultivation. G. H. John- we ; .M. With a — fi the Hon. D. B owes- inte V. M. H. The Picci Soc London, eng te. bp. ig 14 colour plates, “bles, line drawings, 20 lit ograp tes sepia, ap ell "elossay, oo ie aie of E n Asia. A new book which c whe an acini to every yee but most Se hcakacly to lovers of

1

com — — nt genus. Many of the group

an be grown very successfully along the Pacific Cas Abe southernia California to British oe

Mr. Johnstone is to be ‘warmly congratulated not only on the able compilation of textual

Liege and the charmingly readable manner in which it is ron but also on the hand- some format of t ook, its excellent quality of paper me pala good printing work, en- ae the whole effect.

able information

is contained in the

a mas of the book on the placing, por general, heir

and pruni

condition este m above, but apply to all practical considerations, wherever magnolias may pl

ropagat cuttings, layering,

grafting, budding, and by se = is given con-

siderable space and treated most ably. Another full page is ay to magnolia Pheascrog all o

hich are with one eption tArmil-

laria le ich an be trou uble some under —

€ i Sorte favorable

Botanical descriptions of shi: vaaser rage and varices of this Asiatic group com

% !

een cott enabling the reader to it any desired hivoee the book,

well as seven ice page or MS. notes at the

end of each Sectio eal the divided ‘his sehen a ‘Snahatiae: for stu

Price $8.85 WILLIAM Henrnicit!

E

e the :

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL INSTITUTE

OFFICERS 1955

Pres es ee ee RONALD B. TOWNSEND V OPV es re a ed ee ee MILDRED E. MATHIAS EVERIO oe a a, haa ek ae LG FreD W. ROEWEKAMP SOPOT cecnine cs hank 4 eh Sa ee eS nae GEORGE H. SPALDING EXOCHUOE- SOE ee ie 6 es va es ca he os VICTORIA PADILLA BOARD OF DIRECTORS J. HowarD ASPER Percy C. EVERETT WILLIAM BERESFORD EARLE E, HUMPHRIES HowarRD BODGER VERNON T. STOUTEMYER PHILIP EDWARD CHANDLER HAROLD SWANTON RALPH C. CORNELL RICHARD WESTCOTT ADVISORY COUNCIL SAMUEL AYRES, JR. Murray C,. MCNEIL ROBERT CASAMA JOR MANFRED MEYBERG Henry R. Davis LOVELL SWISHER, JR. HuGH EvaANs Roy F, WiLtcox MEMBERSHIPS RONNIE RCI eae he's ik cart aig dius Wnt BA RE $ 5.00 year COUT OR ATOR ose eos ceca VOU s ewer Vin on ov 5.00 year Associate (for individual in member group only)....... 2.00 year COR DRCOIOE coe oad he ease sia ed eas we see ae 25.00 year SEIINCTAL TIE 5 nia 8 bw eo wok HE Ao s Wale Fhe a 50.00 year MRE DIQUU 5565 Sh ieee che Pees HOR 3am © 50.00 year LitG TRAINEES 5 os an as Oe nas es ae eee Bale eee 500.00

Ask the Secretary about privileges of each membership class.

MEETINGS: 2nd Thursday of each month, Plummer Park, 7377 Santa Monica Boulevard Fiesta Hall of the Community Building

ADDRESS Box 688—Arcadia—California Telephone DOuglas 7-8207

i ASCALEAVES. _ The official publication of the Southern California Horticdlpifal Institute : and the California Arboretum Foundation, Inc.

_ Sponsors of — ee, : |

Sos i

foe <e a

LASCA LEAVES INDEX 1950-1955

NOTE: Volume I, #1 appeared Oct. 1, 1950, comprised of 5 issues, through Oct. 1951. Subsequent

volumes, 4 issues each, com July, Oct., designated respectively as Winter, Sprin

American Camellia Society Fellowship, V.92 Pas collection at the Arboretum (Arcadia), III.64

ee ae If. ve III.76, ad

eat sias with, IV.57 Ackworth School, Yorkshire, Eng., IV 5 Adams, Charles Gibbs, I. : 1V.4 “Adv res with Pasadena Screech Owls,” of Dan and Edith B. Quattlebaum, reviewed,

African Fern Pine, III.37 Agapanthus 37

7,

61 g Experiments at eee — (Re- print), F. . Hanger, V. M. and A. havendcce IV: “Air Pollution Damage to 3, Say erg Crops’’, ohn a Middleton, J. B. Kendrick, Jr., and

E. ys Air- polluted in Los Angeles area, extent of,

Alaska, habitat range of Fragraria chiloensis, V.3 “Album Floristico’ apy vico Florestal, Rio de Janeiro (1940 77

Alfalfa, si-poluton damage to, V

“Al fred Gr : A Tribute’, V. vt eee So Id

criss I

“Alkathene’”’, fe tell film, I

All Year Club, Los peor Calif, 1.18

s from, II.1,2

Algeria, et offshoot A. 1.17,

illiam Vecteich,

“Aloes of Africa, The’, Gilbert Westacott Ids (review), Il. 32,56 Alpes Mar wit France, conifers in,

hows, cosine classes, V.95 awberry g rowing area, V.3

an Me euie for the Advancement of Sciews Vv. i ctscan Begonia Society, Glendale Branch,, Ill.

Los Angeles Branch, IV.95 Pasadena Branch, IV.47, a San Gabriel Branch, III. _ American Genetic Tica IV.5 | American Society of Plant Prensa V.70

e. One dev Beas from page listing is Vol. II, issue #2, a c and ers listing indicates a major reference. Bold type figure (5) _ indicates illustration. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Joseph Schneider for assistance in indexing

plant genera and species.

mence with the calendar year, publication dates on the 1st of Jan., Apr., mer, and Aut

tumn issues. Pagination is con-

>

folded

Andean species of tuberous begonias, V.27,28 an National Forest, and U.S. Forest Service,

eas planting, IV a ast ise aed Mecting California Abore- undatio

6 r. H. E., Englewood, New Jersey,

Apache Plume, I

Arabia, Maskat, rk nagatgates La - 1

Arabian horses, on Kello IV

; illustrated Tecture, gi Dewey oe) 3: 11.65

“Arboretum ; The Nelson and ae co igre ase “Arboretum W. Dan arama 1.6

ehol? eibert, V.22

“Aristocrats of the Trees”, E. H. Wilson (ref. on

Arizona ’Cypres SS, aria wae “ee IV.76 rmour es ss Pasa den

Arnold Arbor Meta caenenek sci IV.85

y, building of, IV.54

Art of Bocanical | Iluste ation, The”, Wilfred Blunt (review), III.80 ‘Asiatic Magnolias _ gg era G. H. John- stone, O.B.E., H. (review), V.96 Asparagus, III.37 er, J. Howa

rd, V.7 Association of Decanied Gardens and Arbore-. tums, V.70 Astringents, from pomegranate roots, [.2 “Australian Bushland, The’, James Ww. nate eo “Australian Counterpart of the ages Agave ea’, William Hertrich, IV.8 s

Australian ants (‘ ee Notes”

“Australian Rain- vag Trees’, W. D. Francis ae III.8

Australian Tea Tree, II. Ps 2 (chart)

cnaliie tree ferns, V.8

Au AUTHORS — of Lasca Leaves articles (titles ap- pearing in sequential order in body of index) Adams, Charles Gibbs Eucalyptus globulus, 1.18

The Pomegranate, I.25 Asper, J. Howard Book Reviews: sree IV.24; ‘History

of the Rose’’, IV.7

Au “aoa Ayres, Samuel

Southern California: “The Paradise of Amer-

Bie lle s on a Recent Horticultural Visit to South Atsca, III.76 Chorisi oe iia in Southern California, V.51 Barrows,

er J. Thir a5 nee Madonal Shade Tree Conference V.54

caine Richard e History and Parentage of Zinn “cal corrected title), IV. 78 O09 Bent, Planning Pras and the Arboretum,

pan jain

"November Promise’’— Poem, III.6 Betts

Leo loved Fuchs, M.D., Block, M

IV.39 ar aurice, Restoration of ‘ “Lucky’”’ Bald- n Casino letter on, 1.32 Bodger, “Hoe

‘acoc edsman Looks at Pollination”, V.16 baa ae Cora Hugh tee Plantsman, III.25 Brown, Howard Cal-Poly: Practical oo to og we

W. Qui eerily Te me eas den at Lasca, A Pol dae Form of Felicia et ed with Colchicine, 3

Deve Bic ac pes of fe Daylily Test Garden unty

t Los Angeles State and Cou Arboretun IV.68 Butterfield H = California ‘Pepper Tree, 1.10 sare yaw ee view: “Growing Cymbid ium

hids and tne Flowers” Chanaler Philip Edw ardy Tropicals tor ‘the Sun, IV.16 Pia nt fiolicenentis of sii V:5;35,67,77 Cornell, Ralph D., ward E E. Tro sHler ‘oints awk En a and Their Civic Value, IV.27

, TT1.32

akin, Susanna Bry Hattorical ' Baldinas of Rancho Santa Anita,

Chain of Horticulture, 1.26 The Homesite on Rancho Santa Anita, as 16,47 ee h John T. Middlet Air + Pollution ie to ‘Ariruteasl Crops,

Davis, ‘Mildred

Perennials W7/] Grow in California, III.74 Evans, Hugh

I recall .

To These we re Indebted, IT.4 Everett, Percy

B Sead eae ‘Native Plants of California,

Flanner, ha ‘de ai “Period Flower

rangement’ III.80 Ford, ss To Make oe led More Beautiful, 1.17

Authors—Continued Hanger, F.E.W., V.M.H., with A. Ravenscroft Air Layering Rewiaienke : Wisley Pier dne. ot 7

Hertrich, Washin ngtonta vy ae 1.4 Aloes, III.17 Two os ng Yuccas from Mexico, IV.11

Australian Counterpart fe the American

an ae columna ris, V.87 ook Review: ‘Asiatic Magnolias’, V.96 aldemese eddy Bear and Eucalyptus, [V.42 Hottes, tied Plant Sketches and Descrip- ions era, am texanum, III.4 Lik rk sum petiolatum, Ill. “e ospermum sericeum, IV.21 Ki oan pain , 1V.88 Commonly Cultivated Species of Fuchsias, IV.36

Huntsman-Trout,

Edward | Landscape Architect | ina Tree ecabeg V.75 @

Kendrick, J. B. Jr., Air Pollution Sai to Agvindtand: Crop

Knudsen, Mrs y M. Los Ang cles Moore fey IV.92 Lenz, A ew Tiybrid Str aang oe Cover for Hi as Californi Levitt, Charles The ear International Flower Show 1954,

Lorenz, im Veitch’s Mes sery: Pioneer ni) mar of Tuberous Begonias, V.27,5 McGah, as Weather bec a os Angeles State and County per nnbae IETS: U51> IV63 V.64 Martin, Louis B. Soil eds hee epi 11.34 A Turf Under”, v.14

Dew Research ae - Aceon, V.43

ges Marcel Juh al — ‘Response to Fire, IV.65 nk. Ss

Cae sses 3 Oe Home Lawns, III.70 Mathias, Mildr Forecast for the F 1.9 a a oe Ga rden, III.37 Notes 969 the Sietehuse (New Books),

International Code of Nomenclature rik 20

n Californ The Sausage Tree \ Kizelie Saat.

Book Notes, TLS 4V.7

with Donald P. Woolley George Groenewegen: -_— 3, 1876-

February 6, 1955, V.6

: 7 :

ee

Authors—Continued Authors—Continued eg a ne — Russell J. rick Jr., E. F. Darley os Angeles State and County Arboretum, Air Polotion eee to dens Crops, er Lasca Temperatures, I.20

he ee Lux Arboretum Annex, II.3 Ww H em, 1J.5

hite Flowering hae California Plants fe email se, III.59 Book Review New Wild Flo wer Books: “The Macmillan Wild Flower Book”, IV

\o) =] 1 Qa, oO S . a of ao ©

- seems State “a ar Arboretum “Svenska ‘iaaee! V.96 Arb

“Wil beg Ae IV.96 bask - :: - ¥0 seer: in the Haatington hase ; Par ban dutions: me, . ir ee to Us VG? M ae p A ee Tabebuias at the Arboretum m, V.66 ae ook R eviews IV.2 me auricle oo II1.43 of poche: Theor sie te de Bi a v.a7 Plant ake for Parking Lot Plantings : odes ntributh See ie Pr Angeles Civic Center Area, II.No. Contributio LH y tot act (entire issue) Classification of Cad Plans, V.88 anid Snes Bi Mae ene Reviews: IV.48; V.48,9 Ciarcee tor oan Lawns, III.70 Nixon, Roy W. arr: Fran Date Puli in gna II.1 arly Days in - re Angeles Park Oppenheimer, H. T Menaemelk T Dr. Ep hraim Hereubend, IV.46 Berne! ee ae Padilla, Vict “Gro g Notes, 1.6,15,24; II.6; III.6,29, B ‘oneiase tee the Southern California 45, 61; Ph 44, 70,93; V.19,46,68,94 pe rca: Garden, TV. Cold R ok ook 10 Book Review: Sec gcaaeae A Cultural ui esistance of Subtropical Ornamentals, Handbook’, IV.24 Gardening with Woody na +f iy Qustlee W. Dan Alfred Carl Hotes: A Tribut ird Notes, 1.6,23; III.36,73; [V.22,45,83 ; Townsend, R 15,45,60 South aie California Horticultural Institute Roberts, Alfred W Rep Tree Ferns in Southern California, V.85 Troller, gr ten E. (collaborating with Ravenscroft, - Bh sean Ralph D. Cornell) nd F anger, V.M.H. Points of hoger and Their Civic Value, IV.27 Air spake sExperimenis at Wisley Tucker, Joh prior J eo Francesco "Freeh IV.2,3-8 Rohivien Van Rensselaer, Maunsell Chain. Set Sele for Rancho Santa Anita, I.26 V son, Fan of Metasequoia, IV.84 Roewekamp, Fred W. = ical Fialend and Arboretums of the *? ee ng our Horticultural Horizons, oe and Their Reconstruction, IV.30 : : ; Cer oihes John Califor International Flower Show 1953, Sou rae California Horticultural Institute Sk ern California Horticultural Institute, Went, Frits 1952-1953, III.62 Ann aa ‘Mribership Meeting: President's rs nen ip pt Flower Show in ia? wood, V.42 Comparison wos en the Flora Israel with Rechheld Oil Com mpany and Sout ier nia, III.5 Ficus Planting in Downtown Los Angeles, The Euc sae in Australia, Vi " Wheeler, Louis Cutte Saunders, — * Plant Patents Explained ook Revie Woolley, Donald P. pate aaron with ) “Plants, boa, and Life’, Mildred E. Mathias) : “The Years in My Herb Garden", III.55 George ete Wa March 3, 1876- : Schneider, Joseph Feb. 6 Bromelia balansae Mez, V.31 Wright, Schroeder, C. A. The ie hileiey 3

Pollination of Some Subtropical Fruit Trees, Auto Club of Southern Ciiforais, 1910, IV.52 utumn Chant’’—poem (Millay), III. . Persea Species in California, V.83 Avocado (Persea americana), common, V.83

Avocado Industry of cgi aA California, V.62 Avocado pol a ort IIl.4

Avocado DS “"

Avocados, Me 84

Avocados. prosmpon k value of certain species,

.83, Jee J. Awdry, I Ayres, Dr. Samuel B. Ie, —_— tree-planting,

“Azalea Handbook, The” os hig Horticul- tural Society (pete "IV.7

Baby Blue-eyes, III.44; Si ose Fuchsia (Fuchsia ‘baccillars), IV.38,39 s ( ole

Balfour, Professor, ‘Edinburgh Botanic Gardens,

Balloon flower, IJI.75 Bamboo, hardy perennial, IV.16 Bamboos in Chinese gardens, IV.15

Benbod in Italy, gah of, IV.3

ese manner, IV.15 ‘68,

ncroft’s ‘Pioneer one Ler EAT Bavaria, village 0 em Bay of Seba ee Vizcaino, Habits of Idria

“Dike (Prosraria bein V.3,4

"Beautying I India’, M. S. Randha

weet " Nesbefaen:), ¥

Begonia hybrids _ gee listing)

Begonias— Andean or tuberous ced species, WV: “

el Air specimen of Chorisia speciosa, V.19,50,51 eae rias, 1V.86 y, Mrs. Belle, Dir. oi Diego Zoo, IV.42

Biblical Botany, Museum of, IV.46 Bibliographies Air Pollution Damage to Crops, V.1 sco Franceschi’s writings, IV. 7

otes Sie Quattlebaum), III.3,73;

N EN i oO. © oS

5,6 Bird-of-Paradise (Sirti reginae), III.37 Blasto ee Was Bleeding Heart (Bicenia), 111.75 Maurice, I[.32 Bloodtrumpe (Phaedranthus buccinatorius),

rt) Blue Beard- pone bce ge spectabilis), V.40 Blue Dicks (Brodiaea), V — flowered Native Pees of California’, rcy C. Everett, V.38 Pisces air-pollution damage to, V.8 Blue grasses, III.72,73

Blue Gum (Exc. globulus), 1.1

a of Supervisors, Los An oe Goncly Pe

Bock, Jerome aca te a ees V3

Bodger Seed Company, IV.

Bolivia Fuchsia (Facbsia holiviana), IV.36,37 “Book Notes’, Mildred E. Mathias, IV.7 “Book of the Geranium, The’, Joh

(review), IV.1

bigs:

n E. Cross

BOOKS: reviews and comme

abetical seer ment ty author; titles appear sequentially ex)

sae Gustav, “Dee aera Garten’,

Pichia Horticultural Society, “The Azalea

00 2

a oe ae Soc

“dg me d Company,

ciety, cooperating with “Modern Anderson, “Fdear i. “Plants, Man, and Life’, burn: R. H., “The Trees of New South Wales, ha: Plants of the oe a Sule Avnberse. Leslie “Flower of the South- Mountains Pert Forster, Counties’, Ill, 53 ae: oar W., “Australian Bushland, The’,

nabs for the Milder

Audas, . W., “Native Trees of Australia’,

IV.7

At M., “Flowers: their creative designs’, V.

Berg, Johann, and oe seeupean ‘Freiland- Rhododendron”’,

Blackburn, Benjam tod “Trees and Shrubs in Eastern orth America’, IV.18

ge Art of Botanical

TIL8

Boutard “Plants Indoors’, [V.72

Bowles, E MA eg {book of Chics and set ea EV,

Boyle, Louis M., “Gro wing Cymbidium

Orchids aa Other Flowers’, III.32 ; :

— hitmen Administration, Cape Town, tected Wild Flowers of the Cape ene Patt 1, Chapple, Fred J., “The Heather Garden” : Collingwood, er H., “Knowing Your Tre

Ciae E. i in. “Wayside Trees’,

neg ts John E. “The Book of the Geranium,”

ie Sustn Bryant,

ture on ibute to Alice Eastwood, 1859- 1953”,

Davis, Ray ; “Flora of Idaho’

Dodge, Natt N., ‘Flowers of ts ae Deserts”, 32

3

“Flowering Trees a, Baki in|

“The Perennial Adven-_

p 1952, Part 2, 1953”, IV.72 —

q 7

Books, reviews and comments—Continued merson, Arthur I., ‘Our Trees—How to Know Them’’, IV.18 Esau, Katherine, “ 9 Fenley, John M., an 2 s for Southern et

ames Nevada’ ee Caan

d

Helen Wis othe Years in My Herb Garden”, Il. 55

Francis, wW. D., “Australian Rain-Forest

“Tllustrated Guide to Trees oe

Haines, Jenni “De Gardeyne Boke: A Collection ei Quotations Instructive and

“Camellia in the WoO

Hoyt, Roland S., “Che Fs Lists of the Orna- m Hollies Hylander, Cisne | aid Ya Macmillan * ae Flower Bo et lssteations ae Edith s

and H. Herre,

VM. H., “Asiatic gnolias in Cultivation” i 96

n zaret E., and H. F. Clark, Plants and Gardens’, Ill. a Journal hd South African Botany, Vol. 18, Parts Woody Plants . the Bocas “gfe ;

“Indoor

Kingdon-Ward, nica: i in Manipur’, IV.48

Kraemer, J. Hugo, oe of the Western Pacific Region’,

Lane Publishing Company, ‘Sunset Western Garden Bo sgt

a Ab *Undertariting the Wea 7 A pare of ‘Knowing the Weat ~ : et

rubs and Trees for I:

neko: s Arbore- ums an oanial Gardens’, III.56

as ad Garden and “Carnation in Color and . and 6. aaa “Das Chrysanthemum IV

“Period Flower

Dale yore Tropical on na catalogue Ill.

i Bruce Led, “400 Muenscher, Walter C., and Avie A. Rice,

i , V.96 rie oo i Patraw, Pauline “Flowers of the Southwest Mesas”’, IV.72

Books, reviews and comments—Continued sie ic Bernard and Ha a “Flowering Tre : eg Cari bbean”’ Ran hi M.S; "Beautilying Tn’ ge se ‘Glad ‘and Ma ary Noble, * Vai on Gilbert oe South Africa’, III. 6 ee P. M., “The Tropical Rain Forest’,

ae ge

“The Aloes of

Ricke on Ws be Flowers of America”’ ‘iieseaione by M ary Vaux Walcott and Dorothy Falcon), IV.96

Royal Horticultural Society,

agnoli IV. Royal Hacicaiviel Society Yearbooks: di

“Camellias and

e Daffodil and Tulip Year Book for 1954”, eae Lily Year Book for eer he 48 Fruit Year Book for 1V.48

Se aoe N. iy The Cultivated as of Freesia” - wa a rd, “History of the Rose”,

Vis tant), Tv. we oop d). an Clifton F., “A Flora of Santa Barbara’, Southern California Edison Company, “Trees’’, U. et D. Ac SS Bulletin 54 “Orna single beta cd for the Souther Great Plain Paige — Subs aa the Sovihean Great P V.7 No. 2055, 1953 tebe Hedges for the Southern Great Plains’,

V7 uccas nee the cae 191953) 54 “Flowering ioe

ss tye Rosen”, IV.7 Wright, John er Canbidion Hybrids chee Awards’ Botanical rine Paris, 1955, V.71 “Botanical Gardens and Arboretums of the Past oo Reconstruction”, Frans Verdoorn,

“Bot IV.42 Gadbuk "colleian at the Arboretum

(Arcadia), III.6 ae er ata : 16; Bradley, Joh Hodion es, IV.20,94 Brandegee, S ;

Braunton, Ernes Brazil, tae a Tabebuia umbellata,

, Pasadena, IV.8

Brehm, James R Joseph ‘Scieeides,

“Bromelia balansa ae Mez’,

*Bromeliads, IV.8 “Bromeliads—A tuk sence ae Mulford B. Foster (review), I ¥: ‘Bromeliads for the et Califor arden’, Victoria ae? Sau: Mrs. Ernest, IV.

eet Mrs. Ernest A., Jr., 64 pe "der Rosen”, Dietrich Wocssner (review),

Bulb Society, I11.28,53 oe y (Mag sia ‘anditon), II.No.2 (chart) Davy, cay

Beak ve a (He oe menziesi 1), V.84

Bus man’ s Poi son (Acokanthera venenata), II.N rt)

Bushy Arctous (Aiton: acaulis, hybrid), II.No.2

of i H. M., Calif. Agric. Extension Service, 1.3; IV. Pe

Cactus and —— oo of America, Inc., 111.53,54,79; V.3 seh es Tree imelalenre leucadendron),

No.2 (chart) Califounia pers Extension Service, I.3 California Arboretum Foundation, = Annual eeting rer membe rship report 1950-51, 1951- 52. 1952- ae of, I

ae a

i 64-69 function Master Plan,

~~ pr eaee Association, Palo Alto,

ated Association of —— Ill

California Division of Beaches and ena ‘yah t7 California Fertilizer p Pasi non Cali ‘fornia Fuchsia § ae “California sei cy Flower Show 1953”, red W. wekamp, III.1 “California coi ional pope Show, 1954, The”, Charles Levitt, ['V.41

California nity er tig Flower baggie

41012; t

California Mock Orange (Pittosporum undul. ), II.No.2 California native shrubs, II.10; III.77

California National F. “California Pepper, The’

uchsia saan V.8 x He M. id.

California Plant ee III.43 ; IV.75,76; V.38 California phacelias, I Califo me Redwoods et Australian eucalyptus,

California State Experiment Stations: Tulare, and mona,

California State Park System, 1.33

or ea Wild Flowers ( pile Phacelia),

California’s Constitution, I.2 California Garden Clubs, "ag ote 2A, III.54 California Historical Society, I California International ne oe History of, I

Cali fornia, State Park Commission, hs

anical Gardens 3 z cClintock (review ae Callistemons and 7 leucas in So. re III.77 Calimyrna Fig, III.4

“Cal-Poly: Practical Contributions hg Horticulture’, Howard S. Brown, IV.89 aes Collection at eaiceen Pha), sGanell as and iar Royal Horticultural

Society (review “Camellias in the Sout aa eae | Ae William Hertrich (review), V.2

a pe

Isla 83 an dy Fuchsia (Fuchsia hipaa WV. 36,37 Cape Chestnut III.3 Cape i Vind capensis) II.No.2 (char Cape i Sai Calif., strawberry growing area,

Cape plants ri oy a Il. Caps thes Bailey treatment of athe V.91 Capulin ry (Prunus qe Carex, pene Studie s b H. Baie, V.89 Carex H. Bailey ace of, V "Carnations in Color ey Saleen”. ;

Mansfield, I'V.1

Carpenes Dr. ag Bs pathologist IL.5

iv : and Hol | Catalin sae oe roped ‘iL No. 2 (chart),

isavie Mesa, —" Ping hepa, Idria umnaris on,

Ceiba 1:190-192. a (a as i 15fn

Celery, air- pollution damage

Ch. boii France, IV

n of Sondian’ 7; oe Bryant Dakin,

36 “Chain of wheat a sa for ss Santa Anita”,

Gae of Commerc, Le Angeles, Calif., 1.18 Chandler, Harry, I.2 : Chaney, Dr. Ra vel W,, paleobotanist, IV.84,85

ye sala flora

Chapm ny ee Mee eae ee £27

alif. Co:, nurse << 895), IV.80 whie Ids Fecaecee TV.75 eel ree oO * lasvie vie

Subtropical Region ual of ‘the New Zealand

Cheeseman, igh "Man Flora’

Cheese Weed, -pollution damage to, V.8,10

Pi ee 39,40(drawing)

Cherim fa polination, III.3

Chi ., habitat of Cryptocereus

ant. cape, 39

Chick Weed, air-pollution damage to, V.8

“Chilean flame tree” (Embothrium conan III.77

“Chili” from Cuzco, V.

China, “Dawn Re - ood” discovery in,

Chinese and Japane © Garden ns, IV.33

Chinnini (Persea pare na), V.82,83

“Chorisia | Sa in sane te California”

Samuel Ayr

Chr. Lorenz, Betas Germany, IV.80

IV.84

.

~~

eS Ng hy ry

a,

ee OR TI lS, «ey

Chronica Botanica, 10, plate 32, Ziirich Garden,

Chupe, Peru, nee na abe ig in, V.28 n California, 1.4 s 0 Fire", Louis B.

Martin wor ieee Hrs Juke

Citrus pallinseos. 111.39 itrus, Ventura Co., ca. 1903, IV.76 City at Night’, LA program, Th, Civil War, The. drought Lach Clamshell Canyon, Monr a, Cali, ere IV.65 Clarkia, ny um ma eae Clay, Hora e, Ornamental Tg On V.71

oie IT.3 — Valley, ee date ea in 12 Oast “— Resistance of See Ornamentals’, ernon T. Stoutemyer, II. Colonial ‘Oakes of America, National Society of,

elelelelerele) SSS 5 °

Colon ial Gardens, Williamsburg, Va., IV.34 ega, V.3

“Comentarios Reales’, Garcilaso de oS “Comparison fet n the Flora of Israel and Southern Califor pole we sien AT 52 Compositae, South Abc Concour des Rose sivmano om ena Gardens, Par

25 Concours International des Roses, Geneva, Switzerland, I Conifers, Alpes Maritimes, and Australian eucalyptus, V.80

H. Bailey to the Classifica- tion ag Cultivated Plants, The’, Philip Mun

Coolidge Nursery, and George Groenewegen,

Coral Tree (Erythrina), 111.77 Corbitt, AEN 1.26,27 Cordus, ha s, IV.39

none: Spr gs, Gwe Bernardino County, northern habitat of Wasbingtonta filifera, 1.4

Pn Ralph, Cor nell, University, poe L. H. Bailey, V.88,90 rprenett Craft’’, oo and Mary Noble

comment), IV Cotlyedons, III 37

ountry Diary, A’, I County g sie ital improvement work (See

as Repor it

5 e” notes, $,2,11,.20;232 Ui to; III. 36, 79; IV.23,43,64 94; V. 15; 34, 33; 95 Coy © (Persea gies ), V.83 Cramales Crimson Botiebrsh (Callistemon lanceolatus), II.No.2 (chart) “Cross-Breeding and Hybridizing’’, L. H. Bailey, quote (ref. only), V.89

Crown City Coronettes, IV.64 Cacia North American species,, L. H. Bailey

90 Penick ” domesticat ed, V.91 Cudweed i III.69

Guar term for domesticated plants, V.91 lee ye pe eccgeent, ey

(ref. o VEST ‘Cum Specie es of Freesia, The’,

ennels panels IV.72

“Cultivation of Metas equoia

L. H. Baile

16 nth lso), IV. an 6665, Is "(Doryanthe palmeri),1 7197,189 vfs itera | amsinlis), IV.87 pres rien (Chee 40 Cutak, Ladislaus, sor Ae its uzco, Peru, begonia discoveries in, V.28 ee Hybrids and Awards’, n C, Wright (review), V.72 ‘emt dine Society, I

D “Daffodil and Tulip Year Book for 4, The”, Royal Horticultural ae (resi), 1V.48 Dakin, Mrs. Ri a td ¥ Dalton, Henry, I. Darrow, Dr. George M., U.S. Dept. of Agric.,

“Das ee M. a aa and G.

iphie rs nia”, Roy W. Nixon, II.1 merican Revolution

4 Davis, Calif., in Sacramento Valley, II.1 Davis, Mildred, garden consultant and

Dav vis, William Heath, 13,27

Dawn ee (Metasequoia iaieuee. III.7

Daylilies y 20; aL No.2 (chart) ; TI.75

Daylily breeders, IV

Daylily Collection at Arboretum (Arcadia),

"Daylily Test Garden at Lasca’”, W. Quinn Buck,

a paere tie “De Ga seit We and Seasiisen ry Lee

n Deglet Néck Date Industry De eae stir pium pire insignes (Fuc “Jee sae toe comment Descanso Gardens "Le Cafiada, Calif., 1V.47,95 wer sess (Baileys mnltiradiat ata),

Gustav Allinger

a n, ‘Heootitias on Gardens

éuen oa 1931 ( Doryanthes panes :;

Desert Magazine,

I De Vries, letter to L. H. Bailey, V.89

“Dew Research at - atasieia : ouis artin Dew research, first eee stations in U.S.,

Dew Research Station, Karkur, Israel, II.31 Dianthus, herbarium material, V8 89 26,27

Dibblee, it : Dickinson, Emily, “ Robin’, poem, IV.17 Diggers’ Garden — Pasadens. Calif., 1.33

Cl Diurnal temperature differential in plant development, iy Dombeyas, — Joh

Dominy, a tebadieer, V Dofia Picea Indian wife a Hugo Reid, 1.3,30; III.47,48 (see also Hugo

Reid, ae ‘refs -) 62

Douglas, John Francis—In Memory, III.8,79 Downing, Miss Fern re ae Society ), Tv. 4 “Dr. Ephraim Hareubeni’’, H. R. Oppenheimer,

“Dr. Liberty Hyde Bailey’, ny A. Munz, V.47 Drought tolerance of cistus, [V.6 Drury, Newton, Chief of California’ s Division of Beaches and Parks, I.3 hesne, monographer of Fragraria chiloensis, V4

Dune Primrose ig era eg Ls 59 Durbin, Maud (Mrs. O os Dutch School, fated hn des

evani, Director, Dee goad Sta.,

a ig III.31

ae i Dew- Gauge, The’, R. J. Seibert, ‘uae oale. air-pollution ora to, V.8 Dye, red, from pomegranate, 1.25

“Early sg in the Los Angee Park Depart- ment’, Frank Sheare Eastwood, ge IV.6, 33 offshoots from, II.1,2 ihe

r Calif., date industry, b.2

ere e to, V.10 34

a1 Oh, PI, Sec, USDA, Beltsville, Md., IV.69 ., pioneer strawberry breeder, V.3 Eucalyptus eeligee 4 ore globulus”, Charles Gibbs Adams,

et hiak in Australia, The’, F. W. Went, Euphorbias, 1 ae s, Hugh, I.1

Plane Introductions, 1924- 1945, III.26 van es scape HE26: JV.77 Everglades peg HiT t,72,73 “Expanding Our icsiatucat Horizons’, Fred W. Tyseley HI.1 sg Park, garden of California natives in, 72

Expositions, San Diego and San Francisco (1915); IV.75

F Fairchild, David, IV.4; V.62 = Ise Dragonhead Ph itsaey: III.75 A., “How to Grow Begonias’, were pit bere Father eae (1789), V.3 sai beer cn ay Paz:

Fawcett, V.6

Fenzi, Dr. E uele Orazio (Dr. oneal Fran an. V3

Fenzi family, 1V.3

erm Podocarpus (Podocarpus elongatus), .No. 2 (chart)

*Ferns, II.10; V.85*

“Ferns for Garden oe Greenhouse’, A. J. Macself, [V.1

Feverfew (Mavcaria), E75

“Ficus Plan ane in Downtown Los Angeles”, Fred W weka — Ne

Fig: Ada, Brown ne Calimyrna, Kadot

bax seal of, III.40,

Fire resistance of cistus, IV

Firethorn ebeegicah eee II.No.2 (chart)

Fivespot (N ila maculata), I11.44

Flame Fuc es 1 (Pach ins a IV.36,37

Flintridge beginnin on

“Flora of Idaho’ a bee avis (review), 1V.72 Flora of Seni Barbra, A’, Clifton F. Smith (com Vere

wie tac Tah, eh onationa Agricultural

Exposition at, Florist ny Pumplosuaitit (Zinnia ref.),

Flowering Ash (Fraxinus ornus), U1.77 fee ee Plants from Cuban Gardens Woman's Club of Havana (review), I “Flowering Plants of 98 Anglo- pal eae The’ (comment), IV “Flowering Tree and Shrubs i . India”, V. Cowan (review), I “Flowering eee of the Car riba and Harriet Pertchik Soave "Flowering ilar Trees—1953 Edwin A. Menninger aa 1.80 finer Shane. Saseneton classes es amateurs,

aes

“Blowers of the Southwest Deserts”,

uthwest Mountains’, Leslie P. Arnberger ae: IV.72 “Flowers: Sv creative designs’, M. Benz (comm

Ford, qake youn IV.64 : “Forecast for the Future’, Mildred E. Mathias, “Formosa the nial (Nat'l. Geog. Mag., Mar. 1920), I oe Fouquieriaceae, V

ise Plants of South Florida’, Julia F. Morton,

. Bruc din os iew), IV.2 “Francesco Paes i’, John M. Tucker (reprint), IV.2,3- 8

Freesia, 11.8; 111.37 a Rhododend *, Johann Berg, and Kriissmann pene IV.7

BE a lin, et

Ll A TT i ey RR TR TT VV, iy SR Sy ————_—_—_

French School, landscape design, I Frezier, introduction of Fragraria ok by,

Frosty ag (Acacia pA we - an 2 (chart) ruit Year Book for 4, The’, Morieuinued Gece a, Vv

Fuchs, Leonhard, te ee (0)

ha Fuchsias, 11 com ante oe chal species (10 illus.), 1V.36- Fillmaurer, Heinrich, 16th cent. draughtsman.

Furcraeas, IV.86

G Garden, The (1895), zinnia herrea e in, IV.8 sa Club of America, The, Medal of laa William Hertrich, V.30 92 “Garden of eee wers, The’, L. H. Bailey fe

nl “Garden rd Gourd, The’, L. H. Bailey (ref. only), V

“Garden of Larkspurs, The’, L. H. Bailey

only), V.9 “Garden of Pinks, The’, L. H. Bailey _ (ref. only), V.

_

, 1V.46 “Garden s of Hawaii’, Marie Neal, V a

er, an ars n A. Rice (revi Bab i Chronicle—1860 (Zinniaref.),1V.80; NS 1.18 a Jel figs.44,45 (Doryanthes Palen V. isis ieditors, IV.4 = dening With Woody Plants”, outer myer, IV Cae flora—18 862, 7, 74, 86, 87 pine refs.), Iv Genealogy of Zinnia pee ira IV.79-83

GENERA and SPECIE Abeliophyllum, air-layering experiments with,

Abies marviesti, 1V.93

Abroma augusta, 1V.93

Abutilon i and IV.93 9

I, V.93 x Abutilon cain He, IV.93 Acacia acinacea 44% 53:

aroma baileyana, 1 15; II.No.2 (chart) bonariensis, IV. 3

ya ys stacy IV.93

ee 23 cleo 93 rdiophylla, Vv. 44,45* path enia, IV. 93 crassiuscula, IV.93 cultrifomis, 1V.93

Genera and species—Continued Acacia ys a IV.93

Bikes

peteroclita, 1V.93

:

é

gn rs aretha, IV. 93 het

bomalophylla, IV.93

DO wittil, jleapbyiie Ww. bg

93

latolia IV.9 linearis, IV. res *93 longifolia, IV.93

melanoxylon, se 932 N.79) eh ale. IV.9 obliqu = a V3 IVs obtusa pennin 93 podalyiefli, TI.No. 2(chart),10; IV.5,93 praviss pruinosa, ie No —— pulche lla, IV pycnantha, Il. Ris 2(chart) raddiana, 1V.93

scorpio oides,

sate, aL No gu Fone III.8* ; 1V.45 Acant ei ag strobilacea, I 94 Acer dat snag er negun Achillaea haa 3 75 Acidanthera murielae, Acokanthera probiaest II.No. 2(chart) ,12;

venenata, II.No.2 (chart) ; II.37 Aconitum, herbarium material, V.89 94

Adenium boehmianum, rv. 94

Genera and species—Continued Adenocarpus W mnkoerns IV.94 Adiantum altadena, 11.10

gracillimum, I. hy , grandiceps, II. 10

i, 1V.94

< chmea anise IV.9 calyculata, 1V.10

udata varie gata, 1V.9 coelistis, 1V.10

Agapanthus dal IV.94 orientalis, v.94 ellatus var. mooreanus, 1V.94 weillighii, IV.94 —s australis, V.80

Agati peasese sa IV.94 Agave sp.,I americana glauca, IVid7 Striata, 1V.94

ae, 1V.94 ia odorata, 1V.5 onis flexuosa, 11.13; 1V.94 Ailanthus altissima, f 2(chart) m Bewley! Alberta m oe Albizzia ‘abbrissin var. rosea, 1V.94 lebbeko oa el 94 poe 94 ectr msubcinerenm IV.94 Alenrtes Fg TV.5 trilo V 94 se fatovum, IV.94

.20,2 andringitrensis, 1V.9 ocho Ling 17,19,22,23; IV.94 aristat cece Il. “ TIL. ws bar bertoniae, III.2

candelabr om, 1H23; IV.94

ca, III.21 obuli igemma,1V.94 andrea If.21

Genera and species—Continued

NR e

Alstonia scholaris (of trade), II.13 Alstroemeria violacea Althea armeniaca, IV.94 nnabina, IV. hohenackeri, 1V.94 hragujeva “censis, 1V.94 ae 1V.94 taurinensis Alyxia dapbnoides, I V.94 Anchusa italica (azurea), I1.75 as

Paice a flavida, V. a umilis, manglesii, V. 95

Genera and species—Continued Anona cherimola

Psi jolie W. a7 chinensi iain: oe « (eybsids) “ ae 2(chart) astr,

eas 10. TV 16 Arise capitate, um bulbosum, i 16

.No.2 (chart) se 26 pig npr Iphonse | ee IV.16 multiplex ‘Chinese Goddess 16 Baws (merged i Begonia), 4 be

5, V.68

Begon -29; 56-60 Begonia Afro V. - 28,29,59,60 — ha, V. mabaring V.27,29,59,60 dake. V davisii. V. 27; 28, 56,59 V.58,59

insignis (incar nata) natalensis, pearcei, V.27,28, 58,59,60 rosaeflora, V.27,28,56,59,60 sedenii, socotrana, y. - 57,58,59 tuberhybrida, V.59 veitchit, V. 2, 28,29,59,6 Begonia Gloire de atid hybrid, V.58,59 Begonia hybrids: xA \cme, we is 59,60

x Autumn Rose, x obebhcnd ue ms 9%. 6 xE

x ‘an

x Excelsior, v, 29,56,59,60 x Ide es

x intermedia V 9,59,60 x John Heal, V. “ 58,60 x Tolius,

x Kallista, V2 29,59,6' x Mis s Con stance Veith, V.56,59 x Model, V.26,29,

Genera and species—C ontinued

Begonia s x Monarch, V.29,56,59,60 x Moonlight, V.58

x Mrs. Arthur oon V.56,59

x Mrs. Hea

via, V.58 be Mans V.29,5

ae Winter Cheer,

S28 ue bay

~

m occidentale y 10 Horcane bases s, IV Ppa nt Hs specious it. aa Bou villea ‘Orange King Badtaiagiivn ‘San ao on ‘iL No. 2(chart) eddie ri 11S TIE7 varieties Niesaeiee chats Brachychiton ee IL 13; HL77 eee 11.13 Brodiaea et i V.40 itata, V.4 coronaria, V.40

eBromele halansu Mes ( Aes page, Vol.V, 0.2), 1V 9: V.31 Br aeelie niti ida, ince

inae eauiatera Il. 12; I11.26,77 twee E.

Calli vtemon citrinus, lanceolatus, II. No. Laan salignu ere 16

speciotwh, _ Pes 2 (chart)

aides 11.13,14; I1I.37,76

a, 111.60,77 pesca eet TIL 37,40

Genera and species—Continued

Casimiroa edulis, 1V.4

Cassia splendida, I1.12 astanospermum australe, 11.13

V AD TT 5 cyaneus, ley ot IV.76

a, 11.8 Ceratstigma poosageih nate i: 23; II.No. Z rae

Coropesia 1.38

Cestrum elegans If12

nocturn 2

tenostom ’ grandiflorum, i a maelaucium uncinatum,

ama i pri II.No. renee IV.16

a a ie iranthode iy feesamaec gat ay: 16 I0V1 SIA speciosa, orizema varium ‘i 7 santhemum maximum ‘Marconi’, II.No.2( chart) Cibotium epee 11.10 schiedei,

sigan

= “ = =

steyayereyayesys

Cin camphora, 1V.7; 43 rss cpcenersy PETS di3/ hypoglauca, W111

V 65

canesce crispus, "TL. ry Tae 1V.64,65 sa tg

r.acutifolins, IV .64,65 laters 65

Clytostoma an lis II.No.2 (chart) ; II.11

Cobaea, 1V.76

Coccolus laurifolius, 11.12

Cocos plumosa, 11.10 Coleonema s album, 11.12

pulc Convolonlus fora, 7. Coben :

Cotdyline aepurpaes IV.16 australis

Crinodendron dependens, 11.13

Crotalaria nections II.12

Cryptocereus recat? (cover page, Vol.V. No.4,in color), V

Genera and species—Continu

Cupressus arizonica. XI. Bes 2 chart) forbesiz, introd. of, IV n

cuta mono ; iar Cyathea dealbata, V.85 medullar.

fortunei, Dais cotinifolia, III.26,37 Datura stramonium, 1. 26 Davallia canariensis, II.10 _ fejeensis, 11.10 PGS:

Delonte regia, 11.76

Dendromecon rigida, 11.77

Dianthus barbatus, U1.75

Dicentra Sip,

Dicksonia antarctica, V.85 fibrosa, V. ae

SQuUarrosa, Digitalis embigne oe 75, Dianella s Diosma, nid 37 imorphotheca, IL.8 gree Dioclea glycinoides, 1V.5 5 kaki, pollination ig IIT.41 lotus palinatos of, I

2 (char Dodonaea tgs purpurea, II. ee 2(chart) ; II1.6

Dombeya degen III.6* ; IV.18

per eign ed palmer ‘“ ee 86,87* un guis

Drynaria gid ie gree, II.10

hirtipes Duchesnea aot V.4 Duranta ienasaehyi 18 Oh Dyckia brevifolia

rari

remoti flora LIV. 8 Dycksonia piel 1I.10,11

yr osa, 11.10,11 Echeveria metallica, V Ehretia npn III Elaeagnus — ¥, 41. No. 2 (char Embothriu Sips senigoese Eguivctum hiamale, IV. Eranthemum nervosum, 11.12 Erica sg III.37 Erigeron n ka head baieg II.75 Eriobotrya japon Vi Erythea edulis, iL No 2(chart) ; 1V.16 leone caffra, 1.77

tiana, “tL 14: TE 77

ae

576, Bicallouis rnauensis, b .No.2 (chart)

Genera and aero a

ee 'yptus caesia, III. iene le wi 5, 1. 153 Th. No.2 (chart)

cin fA cote. 15: = No.2 (chart ),10,14 cladoc mage corn ibe cite He x, IL. 10 crucis, II.No. fs eaaley

eremophila, oe ile?

feces beans: Lael fastigia

fol, ‘ 0, oh III.76 forrest a

gigante

slobalus (cove page, Vol.I,No.3), TV.23:76: Vi78;79

cpa. IV. 42

regnans, V.78

rhodantha, its

rostrata, 1.15; 1

ag ko lon A ali .No.2 (char _

0.2 iene tp IV. 42

pa lb Beas s, IV, 42: V.78,79

paniculata australis, 11.13,14 Euphorbia ev galt Ha INT tirucalli, Euryops eae I].12

macropbyll nitida, I. No. 2(chart) ey 14; IV.6 as mila, II.No.2(ch

aan chiloensis, III. (cover page, Vol.III, No.4) ,59,79; V.3*

— s orescens n Coringaeor), IV.39 ha illaris, TV .38, —— IV. ap ea, 1V.36, co anes AS v. a 37

Genera and species—Continued

a) gi a (magellanica) nica binctassnare 1LV..36;37

ergii’, HI Gasania r(xcl Hybrids), II.No.2 (chart) ;

eae Bosc sempervirens, 11.12 Genista en 56

Gilia fe briny, os 38 capitata, V.38 candi. var. floribunda, Gish ides ates page, Mil ( No.1), .2(chart)

viegata, 1.4 Gnapha nik lato, III.69 Goodia lotifoli *Grevillea, 111.45 : gee anksit, 11.12

38 Hardenber ye comptoniana, 11.1 um caffrum, I. 13, ip 111.37; 1V.6 14

dera canariensis. MI j fap iano II.8 ; III.69

Hemerocallis, i 20; II.No.2(chart) ; HI.75 aurantiaca, V.69 aurantiaca major, 1V.69 69

lava, 1V.6 he ye es fulva,

middendori IV.69

ates ; Wwe Hemitel hit. Hibbe a volubilis, 1

Hidal goa Ae chleii, 1V.6 Holmskio ssaneaines, 11.12

Hu SURAT

Hypericum Tacos iiss III.37 Hypocaly pis sophoroides, III.77 *Idria columna

Ipomea aurea var. superba, 111.26

Genera and species—Continued Iris douglasiana, V.4O innominata, V.40

unzil, V.40 Jacarandua acutifolia, 11.13,14 Jasminum sambac, 1.10

neotropica pee page, Vol.II.No.3), II.15* nigra, Kennedya nigricans, IV.70

vanilla, H1.7 Seana oa 1I.13,14 unzea seri Lagerstroemia dion III.76 Lagunaria ga et 11.13 Lantana camara, I1.1 po peice ana, : Mo, atch art) Leguminosae (So uth pene, sling pelea TE: oa pian: 12 Pei parin ae ee ‘nposaieti 1h 73037, 7651V..7 :peaeerantael texanum, III.48

muirii, 11.77 nuta ea as E eiser a

Linaria : III.74 Linum oa ny je

Lippia repens, 1V.6

Lithraea Giles, IV.6

Lobelia, II

sore bildebrandiana II.11 itida,

Prone sentinies 11.10

mollissifolius, ‘VAL nanus, payneii, IV. V.41 succulentus, V.39 Lygodium ionic II. oy Lyonotham oribun var. asplenifolius, UL isi: IV.4,6 Magnolia exoniensis, grandiflora, I1.No. Seda: TV.7,17 macro phyla (cover page, VoLIV.No. 4),

Maho aay air-layering experiments with, [V.57 re wer inte mollis, 1V.A7 Markham bildebrandtii, 11.13 Prien odd s oy IV.1 Medicago pe alte I. *

Genera and species—Continued Melaleuca spp.,I cordata, IV. leuca dendron, II.No.2 (chart) ,14 styphelioides, 1.No.2(chart) wilsoni, 1V.7 Melia azedarach (eden aaa

2(c ae

OE rere Ill. 37

ryant emum, ns 4 HES 7 Metasequoia gl yptostroboides (Dawn

Be ood), III.78; I1V.69,84*

Metrosidero os tomentosa, P13; TV.6 Foie orb Stipoides, vl Microlepia ong tea IL.11

Mimu jaye * Miscanthus finely V.68 Moraea, a if 5 EVE?

ulat.

Mu ss ae iets Murraya lenges ni aera IL 12 * Musa ense 68,69 M paecwnes pe ne IV.6

5 tin

tomentosum, 11.6 Myrsina africana, I. £2

landina

4,1V.16 N rs near genus to Persea, V.84 Nem III.37 Nemophil, se Fy 44 culat

V.10

gir rsa: att Nephrodium phe 11.11 molle Nerium ‘oleander, II.No.2 (chart) we

Olivia, 111.37 yas ki iris, III.5 Onychium ja ponicu Opu ia (spineless forms), II.No.2 (chart) oa pal chella Pandor W Pandorana, II.No.2(chart),11 asmino oid Pieidy, dinlayedi ring So eagey ae with, IV.57 Parkinsonia aculeata, I1.No.2 (chart) Pellaea adinatoides (viridis), If.11 Penstemon azureus, heterophyllus, 111.75 een: v.40 oe — i, Spectabilis,

Persea americana oh aes IV.7; V.83 borbonia donnell- : iibhi V.84

, V.84 acti ssima A ceased, 1V7 indica

PES ROL ieee Te ORE OT nt oe Pee PE SUR Te ee ee ee

nae a pone SSE. 21 SE ete ot Wee Fart any ee eae ee

J ee 2 el eS

Genera and species—Continued

ersea

longipes, V. fe nubigena, V.82,84

ichiedeaa, Vi = 83

skut .84 Phacclia pe 3 4S cates 11.42 43; V.39 1.43

or) Pigpaae se aie pasha an No.2 (chart) ,11 Philadel phus mexicanu Phoenix spp. I canariensis, IV.17 mate Gis? (cover Page, Vol.II.No.1),

eo iL a IL. 4721.15

rupicola toe lo I.No. aerate IV.16 Peseta seolopendrin is, Parag oR uk V. 89 Physostegia ii

Pisbecocteninm a IV.6 murica Pitosporum gs ropbyllum, IV.6 bifolium, 11.13; 1V.16 ire II.No.2 (ch ay cule hi II.No. atchant. 13,14 viridifloru plore? aifornica (racemosa) a (cover pa. ae Cane OL); 23 pe erases alciocorne, I1.1 rande, Il. Platycodon grandiflora, HI.75 oe ae “ — 7, 111.37 Plumbag cape eeu Po docarpus elongata, II.No.2 (chart) ; H1.37 gracilior, 11.13; 11.37 macrophylla, 3 Podalyria calyptrata, Il. fe va Podranea aren jana, III. eae, Polyg ala dalmaitons 11.12 137

Pol Ag so aureum, coronans rpm heracalenm), II.11 i

a um, 11.10 Polystichum mae II.11 I. nse Mt Poseaniiles spp., II. -

Genera and species—C eat

goles SPP if var. ind. Il Heated i Eaahy ( Proteaceae, III.45,77 Protea spp.,II.6,7 Protea compacta, tir ced

susannae, III.7 Prunus capuli,1

lyoni, I1.No.2 (chart) Pseudosasa ia IV.16 Psidium ge Pteris anh

cretica V pages eas. IE11

parkerit, I guadriaurit ohio’ II.10 tremu. Punica ‘granainm (cover page, Vol.I,No.4),

Puya situa is, 1V.8 _ rteroniana, I cantha 2 various spp.), II.No.2 (chart) FD

sa aSp., uwol fia Cilsoni scolaris of trade), 11.13 E75

’ cot I earn minima, 1V.6 a coultert, III. AA 77 Rondeletia cordata, if, tosa ‘Mer ii 7 No. > ichnts

ae

columbaria, ay molle fotives page, Vol.I,No.2), I.10* ;

cbinsbifolas - 13:IV.6 Schotia latifolia colo pendrium iulare, II.11

Se III.26 Sano} gid ea II. ne 2(chart) tamoides, Sequoia isa, IV.84 Serruria florida, 111.37 — a, I

|r fp em guttata, 11.11 Pron guatemalense, IV.6 ja sina Oe pies .2(chatt), 11 macranthum rontonnetti, — heterophylla, Il ode i CE I. 14

111.37 Spartium junceum, II.No. 2(chart)

Genera and species—Continued Statice perezii ( sbi oru ee -No.2 (chart) ; II Stenocarpus pe camp i. a 111.77; 1V.17 rane disco

Stigmap ait pt ale II.11 litto ral ys

Stokes

Sireltsa so III.37

Susteertes jameso nii, 11.1 Strophanthus speciosus, 1.1: Tabebuia a oy var. aun: V.66

Tee maria reapers ‘I No.2 (chart),11; [1.37 Thalictrum III.7 hse reli HET

per

decan or

abi speciosa, IV.6 tip,

Titotia. ipecios, introd. of, 1V.76 Trachelosperm wher) minoides, Il.11 tii kesievaa pratt: iflorum, 111.27 Trachycarpus fortunei, Il. No. 2 (chart) ; [V.16 Triens pidaria a depe rie ns, 1V.6 Tristania pata yes erta Tri Wee (Kniphofa) ‘tL. 75 Tritoni Turraea ob toile II. ag Tu diesel Parryi, 111.4 Verbena peruviana, iv. 18 Veronica ip aon 11.74

III.7

iio tis a ana IV.6 ointera oer oe vomere Tt ile Ars 1.4*,5; 1V.43,76 robusta, Il, No. art) Watvonia, IL.8 res 4 cavacasana, 11.14

ma enn is . hy 2(chart),12 Yucca aloifolia ee, IV. “ “ “ae brevitoli piece II.No. 2(chart)

— = species—Continued

pie fil fee fairs), FV.:87 recurvifoli ins + valida, 1V.11, 12, 13* whipplei of! spp., II.No. ) san ‘anal (and hybrids), ae 79-82 ie ae nd hybrids) , 1V.78,79-8

m9 .82,83 * Zinnia se oy IV.79-83 origin, line of inheritance to 1919, IV.82 eens japonica, I11.70,71,72,73 ; he 14 rella, I11.65,71, 72 Pe i tas" | Ge ies Herbarum, and L. H. bee V.90,91 pepisshe Beh I Tae

“George Groenewegen: March 3, 1876-February Id

6, 1955", Mildred E. Mathias and Donald P.

Woolle ey, German scientists (16th cent.) , IV.39

ie — (Dodonea viscosa), Git Received ny Angeles State and County

she m), I

Gi sien Tree fe biloba), 1.2* Gigiisus ae

Globe Gilias Glossy .No.2 d Dust Wattle (Acacia acinacea), 1V.44 i Gate Park, San Francisco, tree ace in,

Fas Jubilee, Arcadia, Calif., I1I.79 apes lego (Acacia 'pycnantha),

No.2 Fit bdrm Wwraitle (Acacia saligna), I.No.2 (chart) f courses, ha public in Los Angeles, IV.55 Forestry, Palestine, III.31

ee,

ucca as elephantipes), cha

Go =

ea Go

Eee

Bs £

40 e Lawns”,

rt, “TL 70 Grazan, horticulturist, Bagneres, France, IV.8 Gre er, M , Regent, Santa Anita peck, aughters of the nc Revolution, IV. 64 Greve, 3

na zi ines, rimal, © ins Romains” asl oe orge,

ive

“Grow g Cy mbidium bench and Other rinwe Re ; toate Boyle (review), III.32 ‘Growing Notes’’ (George H. Spalding), 1.7,15,24; 11.6; I11.6,30,45, ; TV 18,44,70,93: V.19,46,68,94 Beare m (Erythea edulis), II. c om Guat shorty avocado species from, V.83,84

H

Haage and Schmidt, horticulturists, IV.80 Haagen-Smit, air-pollutants discovered by, V.8

Louis B. Martin,

“adie aren ops humilis), W.No.2 (chart)

Hairy Watt Acacia vestita), I1.No.2 (chart) Hall, Harvey Monr Sagi Crocus and oe AT E. A. Bowles (review), I ‘Hardy Tropical for the ae, , Philip Edward Chandler Hareubeni, D Ephraim, lecturer, Biblical and aunt Botany Fel reu nes ioe Harrison, Cliff nih (aot) ow. 35 Hartnell’s ation Harvest Brodiae y. ‘i Haselton, — Es V7 Heal, Jo hn, M.H., hybridize Heart of wp (Bromelia baaiae), vV.9 Heather age a”, Chapple, IV.18 “a Bamboo a. a soe domestica), IV.16

Hebrew bs niv | Mount Scopus, I[V.46 Heinbronn, Bavaria, I'V.3 Raisin: Wild, III.43 Henderson, E. G., Pine Apple Place, England,

Herbals, dies : n Spice and ong roan by a er- Rice (reviewe ed), V

coo simples, “‘signatures’’, and ee a

Herb’ Society of America, 1V.69,95; V.23,71 Hertrich, William, horticultural honors to,

30 92 Hibiscus introductions, III.2 Hill, Walter, Supt., Biskane Garden, IV.86 “Historical Buildin gs rel Rancho Santa Anita”, Bryant Da kin, I. Historical Committee, Los ee re and ounty Arboretum, Annual Report—

restoration program historic landmark he ey State of California, IV.64

iy ene agers ee 367, Calif. — Park mm 3 (cover page) ,64

Historical Societies, yest a, and Southern

California, 1.33

“History an Parentage of magia Cultivars, The’,

a °

Richard M. Beeks, IV.78,79 (corrected title) “History of the Rose”, Roy E. Shepherd (review), IV.4

Hodge, Dr. Walter H. , USDA, P.I. Sec., IV.69 AS J. Seibert, 11.5

Bryant Dakin, III.16,47

Honors, horticultural gi : Theodore Payne, IV.7 hacer s Hertrich, Wes 30 92

Hooke V.2

Hortus Prien ise IV. ie

; sala

. James H. Sand ae

756 Hottes, Alfred C.:V.36,71

17

Hottes, Alfred C., uchsia SPP., IV

scratchboard plant sketches,

leucophyllum fexanum, a 48

Bhi ntospermum seri Pa der A w to Grow ‘Begonia’ eS A. Farini Dea only), V

Hugo Reid, I.26- ay (sundry refs.) ; 47,48 ae Evans: Plantsman’ , Cora R. Brandt, Hug Le “Scotch Paisano’’, on. of farm psesins June 1, 1844, 1.3 and Indian wife, first lay o Rancho Santa Anita, II Hugo ie Adobe, III.46; ‘yea page) ,43; IV.6

Huntington eel Gardens, III.17: IV.11; IV.86; Huntin ioe Libs rary, San ‘re Supt. of megan: s and Grounds Poe To West Covina, nan air-pollution pi otal? of, V.8 Husk- tomato (Physal is), V.89 Hybrid Ornamental Strawberry No. ‘25 es oxidized, air-pollution elements, 10

I “Idria Nalahoter gf William Hertrich, V.87 Idria ' ‘forests’ “Tllustrated Gide to Trees and Shrubs’, Arthur H. “a Rea pio t), IV.18 Incense Cedar, I LNo.2 art Indialaurel Ficus Ape retusa {nitida}), Ra — _— Anita), I of known ae V.91

IL.1 _ Margaret E. Jones lark (review), TI n Gardens of oe Marie o Neal fee Ill USDA. Yearbook 1952 (review),

Il. 30” International Agricultural Exposition at Florence, IV.

Boney ina Code of Nomenclature for Culti- Plants’, briefed by Mildred Mathias,

r 20 International phir Show, Inglewood, Calif., III.28; a 9 (see also California International

I w) Mattes i aaa Show, Paris, Ma 7: Viet

“Ipé Amarelo’ ot Logos ane). IV.77 pe palm gre fro “I recall. sa “ibs Ithuricl A s Spear Cirodiace, V.40

J teawees in Pretoria, So. Afr., III.76 nese cay Grass, III.70,71, Th 73 | sada Il.

eg Dorothy, New York Times Garden Editor, V. Jeru salem on (Parkinsonia aculeata),

II.No.2 (chart) Johnson, Bernard, and date palm industry, II.2 Johnston, Dr. Tan, Arnold Arboretum, III.54 — Grass, IV

s, Charles §. arrees Richfield Oil Corp.,

tote Tree, Judas eae okies siliquastrum), II.No.2 (chart) Jeanie! Gust Chief Silviculturist, USFS, I Juhren, 7 “Marcella, IV.65 Tuas. Antoine, botanist Cv «a

Kafir a Ty

Kangaroo Paws (Anigozanthus), V.95 Kauri’s in esha

Kellogg- Was Unit, Calif. State Polytechnic

College, me Ww. K nch, Pomona, Calif., IV Kenne y, Mrs Clyde, Saratoga, Calif., IV. Avg Kimball, F. A, National City, Calif., I1.1 ing Solomon, lore o

of pomegranate, 1.25 Kirpossoff, Alice ae IV.43 Klotzch, Phage Knight, Mrs. Laura ; estate

Kn night Themes: England, are ‘ae (1787),

V.16 he 3% Your Trees”, George H. Collingwood, IV.i8 Koala bears Krilium Experimentation I11.31,34-36 seed contributors for, III. 3 “Krilium Soil Conditioning’, Louis B. Martin,

a Krug, Helmut Paulo, Servico, Sio Paulo, Brasil, IV.95

L La li Horticole—1861 (Zinnia ref.), IV

La pas: tj ari mapa in, V.28

Lamb, Dr. Em IV

Lambs cues sipeliaeica damage to, V.8

“Landse i ee ctina be oy rden

Edward Huntsman-Trou

eee desta and enor gardens, 0-35

Lanjouw, Dr. J.,

Lannon Cany

Utrecht Univ., II1.5 on earth dam, Arcadia, Galt IV.65

Be s caus and

etum ( review), [V.48

, Los ns av State and i

mperatu J. Se Lhe 12 race Scone Guts { Eucalyptus Ciadibi’: IT.No.2 (chart) Le Notre, gage ag Be Beate

“Leonhard Fu ee (Mrs. Floyd E.), IV.3 “Les trois a ) Btching by Rembrandt, V.74

brary paths td 111.50

in ae Alfred Robinson

nism, V.79 |

“Lily oe (F yl carborercens), IV.39

a) I r Book for The’, Royal ; ‘Horticultural Society. 7 sll ew), fe. 48 54

— telegraph pole” (Idria as

Lobb. Thomas, and William, plant collectors,

Lombardy poplars, mis-use of, IV.1 London Rocket, air-pollution damage t

Longstamen Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus pases ITNo.2( chart

“Longwood'’s Gain—Our Loss’’, Editorial, V.70

Loquat, IV.17

Lord, Ernest E., Australian author,

Lo td's Candle, The ee cca wbipplei). IV.16

“Los Sig: sri Beau s. Valley = saree Los Angeles oy. ee of Public Works

Lafayette, Lincoln, Pershin g Square, Prospect, South, hegre nt Focnsaiien Terrace, Westlake, IV

Los com phi, Board of Supervisors, 1910,

participation in historic occasion, 1954, [V.64 Los Angeles County aig agg of Arboreta and Botanic Gardens 9 7 Angeles, yr eee: of Ficus, V.93 Los Angeles Express (1888), quote, ” ee 1910 acreage and population of,

Los Angeles, Park Board 2 ee 1914, IV.55 Los Angeles Garden Club, I be Angeles Sta - and nha Arboretum”, R. J. Seibert,

“Los Angeles Sui and County Arbore Policy Affectin Sed ep cy perio Grounds”, RT Los Angeles Tim rok Chandler, iE ms “Lucky” Baldwin, Gere er 32; IV.3 “Lu cky” Baldwin Casino, 1.31 Lucky Baldwin ag eo = 72,73 Lugo estate, hey Ang Annex, stu planting, [V.65 ane R. J. Seibert, 11.3 Lux, Dr. George P., IL i

M me aa Elizabeth, botanist, European travels, 71

rN Ae hig McG “Thoms malin records, IT.15; IIL 51; 7 EV.56: V, cistus hreresistnt + ya muematia IV.65 plant aoe McGah, Russella McKee, Dorothy nae

area V.94 111.25

Macmillan books reviewed, III.56

70 wer Book, The’ e J. Hylander. iilustrations a hE. Johnson (review), IV

IV.64 Magellan Fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica),

Magnolia collection, III.64

Magnolias, air- layering difficulties with, IV.5

Sipe lias, . siatic, V.96 Sag: _ 0k eviews) Maiden, J. H., 0 Australia

Maidechait Tree (Ginkgo bilobe), L.2*:; II.No.2 (chart

Maloof, Sam, master craftsman, reve

Mallee ae collection, eucalyptus,

Manchester Avenue, Los Angeles se agile 1910, 1 :

Manchester Guardian, quote from, III.78

Mango Industry of South Florida, V.62

Manila Grass,

me ODE cin Massachusetts

V.72;

yontind (1828), 1.25fn

€ comprising Angeles State and County py mt:

Mace. of Bute ( Andrews foes IV.79

, Edwin, quote, I eee Marshall Field, Chicago firm, 14 artin, oO ., plant vbbirtaces V.71,96 Martinoli, Prof. ee Cagliari, Italy, 1V.70

Mascarene Grass, III.7 fon ig ia, palm — from, II.1 Roly,

ae Horiuitral sai rae es 72,94 Master Plan of Arboretum, Arcadia, I. Matilija Poppy, III. 59,6(

‘Meadow Rice Grass”’ UM eobapi Stipoides),

Me Calif., 11.2 Mediaeval —- Mendel, Gre ayer en theory, V.17 Mendel’s pay v7. 16,89 Mendocino County, eucalyptus seeding in, 1.18 Menninger, rticle in National Sepaphic 0

aid’), II.No. Euan) mir Muriel, Flower ce Schools Chairman,

Merrill, Dr. E. Ds IV.84

yant H.

. Vo My and H. verre (review), IV.72 Mesembryanthemums, III.37, Mexican avocados, V.84 oe Fan Palm £ a "aseaie robusta),

2(chart) ; Pisccd Nation, ia ( Rancho Santa Anita

Title) , 1.26

Mexican tree fern Meyer, Albrecht, 16th cent. rieecipeinis IV.40

plant Sablate V.62 Millay, Edna St. Sinenk / ‘Autumn Chant’’— 61

poem, I 116

Mimicry plants,

Mistletoe, penis pk IV

Mission Fathers, and Plant fs enna V.63

“Modern es IV’, American Rose Society, in “ita with ). Horace Motaiana Com- pany (review), IV.7

Modjeska, sepia ee IV.75

Monkey -hand T

Macau Chemical ee field test,

31,34

, Montarioso Nurse ae ype: cai YW Moore, Dr. be 7 ts with “se 1¥ 7 Moreton i Morong, sae ses JER

Motion Pictures for Garden Chub gens list compi othy S. Manks, 2 availability to organized cet : 72 Haws ce Ash . regna

m hiybsie: eee LA Myrtaceae, V.7

N Nas —e Ayah aiet W. Pakistan, IV.70 Natal’ Plum National peers Center, The, IV.45fn ger env Council of State Garden cae Flower chools, National Geograph ic Magazine, oa 1920 (Cinnamomum camphora), 1V National Horticultral Magazine, pe ADORE of articles, 1 National Shade Tree Conference, first meeting

2 street tree planting recommendation, I.4 National sire de fea e Conference, Wester

Chapter, III.28; V.23 ‘Native Trees if ‘auralie”™ J. W. Audas, ge rn TV2i2 Neal, Ragpsty of Hawaii’, V.5fn

Nea tae grt Pw V.64 ewey, al custodian, 1.32; IV.64 id St sles Ground Cover for

- ® o OS fo < be

uchs), IV. New arris, merchant (1872), 1.27 New "York ssi Garden, Journal of, V.95 ehh Lame he Flax ( Phormium tenax), II New Zealand kauri pines, V.80 New Zealand Palm Lily, IV. . New Zealand tree ferns, V.8 “1955 ge aie Flower Show i in Inglewood” Fred W. mp, V.

“Notable Pooks 4 in Southern Cs I: The

Noyes, Alice (Payne), IV. 76

“November Promise’’-—A Poem, H. H. Benson, 111.6

Oo eat aa Boulevard, center for park use, IV.52 “Old A , Baldwin Ranch (cover page),

Oleander (Nerium oleander), I1.No.2 (chart)

Olmstead, landscape design, Ombu (Phytolacca dioica), nb ee O'Melve enry, attorney, 191¢

V.5 oe Vineyard” (Reid's Hei

Orebid Hobbyists San Gabriel Valley, 111.28,53; IV

Organ Esallonia i icillesis organensis),

char

Ornamental Alliums, III.55

“Ornamental “ee ag the Southern Grea Plains’, ener mers’ Bulletin No. 2055, 1953 (re i on

Orna sana: Filson Dept., Cal-Poly, IV.89

“Ornament al Shrubs for the Southern Great

USDA. ele Bulletin No. 2025

-” Vines for the Southern S.D.A. Fa coed Bulletin 1950 rare): Pro 2 Gs miro nbd cn Botanical int Mad (1796), IV.79 “Our Tree Ww

vi8 em” ’ rthe ur LE raat

Owens Valley Agwedc, eine of, IV.52 engineer for, IV.5

“Pacific Garden”, journal, IV.5

1590, IV.33

Pa <p Braciting and West Indian distinction, ‘vi:

PR ced Grass

Papaya, pollination “ Ill

Paramount Studios ( Botan Bay’’), IV.42 Paraguayan physalis,

Par ct anes ment of. ying Angeles, history of,

ntenance in Los Angeles, 1910, IV.53

Pasadena Spring F lower rae Garden Show, 1954,

Peacock Flo t (Delonix regia), ~

Pearce, Richard, plant ex ve Re V.2

— ngereek (Aces ‘a po 1 nl a I.No.2(ch

Peattie, Donald Claws (quote), IV.15 elargoniums, III.37 “Perennial “eprom Be A Tribute on Alice

astwood, 185 ce del teview}, VA

Perennial Phlox, I

“Perennials Will Giow in California’,

Mildred Davis,

Perez Statice (Limoniam perezit), II.No.2 (chart)

Re

“Period Flow n' rgaret sini eens Marcus ‘(review), III.80

20

Period eri history and design (Verdoorn),

30- Persea, ost forest species, Vie Persea Species in California’, C. A. {etree ae

Persian Gardens Persimmon, _plnation of, III. “Peruvian Black Walnut", Ruaoct J Seibert,

be etunias, breeding experiments with, V.16-19 hesis in eucalyptus forests, V.80

POLOSYTICEICS

oe =) — a

primes ag pet ti II.No.2 (char ink-flowered Whitewood (Euc. leucoxylon rosea), II.No.2(chart ‘Pioneer Regsstes™ Bancroft’s, 1.27; III.47 Pioneers of California's wine and fruit industry, 1.27

Biren: a si and the Arboretum”, ry Sims Bent, I. "Plant oy ire ee Katherine Esau (comment), Plant breeding, L. H. cowid book on, V.89 lant mace’ ones - Yearbook 1953 _ (review } lant Hunie in Manipur’, (review 8 Plant “athe i of 1 Philip Edward Gee” A + ei 67, 77 = Introductions: —— Use ssel rt, “Plant Patents Eeplincd’. Louis Cutter Wheeler, IV.6

F. Kingdon-Ward

Plant Societies, ai for, 1V.22, “Plants for Souther es W. Or

s Indoors’, C. R. t oan idetchichiens ae US. of Agric.,

, Man, and Life”, Edgar Anderson brs review w), I.32 “Plants Suitable for Parki ing een Plantings in Los Angeles Civic Center Area”, R. J. Seibert and Staff of Los ge State and County Arboretum, Vol.II. No.2 (entire i 7 chart) Plastic films for air- layering, IV.57, Plastic plant labels in the ace I11.4,5 a 2

Poinsettias, III.7

“Points rl _— and Their Civic Value’, Ralph

‘nd Howard E. Troller, [V.27 “Pollination of Some Su btropical Fruit Trees”, C. A. Schroeder, I

“Polyethylene” film, sir-layering aid, IV. 58 “Polyploid Form of Felicia Amelloides Develope Colchicine, A’,

uinn Buc “Polythene”, same as “Polyethylene”, IV.58 “Pomegranate, The’, Charles Gibbs Adams, 1.25

Pomona Valley Camellia oo = th (qu

ond, Professor D Poodle-dog Bush Lovienta. Sane ill, 44 Poole

ules E. , geneticist, [1V.79 eis

aii 4 Coli osais Arboretum Foundation’, s W. Prickly Paperbark (Melaleuca styphelioides),

Pia rae “es 59 G. H.

Pring, “3

Pringle, C ‘ive

“Progress of the Daylily’ bag Ferra at Los Angeles State and County Arbore W. Quinn Buck, IV.6s-

Protea collection, III.64

“Protected Wild Flowers of the Cape Province, Part I ait Part II, Bi ait Cape Provincial Admi nistration, Cap own ial IV.72

Pruning, of w oody i IV.1

Prince Piickl 34

v. Prunus, air- laye ering experiments with, IV. af Pt. Arena, Calif., strawberry growing area Pueblo ede original, including Elysian a and Pershing eat, IV5 Ted”’ », Pe es ink artist,

Pe mee Ae ee viscosa purpurea), II.N Gidieer rates (Theodore Payne), IV.75

Q crvicptiess W. Dan Bird Notes, I.6; III.36,73; [V.22,45,83; 0

ttage’”’, 1.4,19,29,31;

IV. “Queen of the Flowers” (tuberous begonias), i Queensland Lily (Doryanthes eeu IV.87 uick Weed, air- i ie damage

Quito Strawberry

R ainfall in Australian ery forests, V.80 poles ay thee an an otanic aes

beginnings, native planting, IV.76 a os plantings, V.3 1 Ra ho 8 San aprrer a in the 1880's a al Anita, Inc. (193 gy. ax oe Robert D., P.I. Sta., Rehestite, Md.,

err

Ra ee Hotel, Pasadena, ero in charge of plantings (1916), V

Recreation aise first in Los ai lies IV.54

Reed, Dr.

Red Box ‘Eucalyptus (Enc. polyanthemos), II.No.

Ralwbad S (. nee iain V.4

“Reflections on a Recent Horticultural i to South Africa’, aia Ayres, Jr., III.76

Reforestation programs in Palestine, II.31

Regenerative power oS - Euc aiyPrOs forest, V.79

Renaissance Garde V.33

Renantherae, V.79

Restoration of “Lucky”’ Baldwin Casino: letter

, Maurice Block,

Revue de LHonticulre Bel ge—1894 (Zinnia ref.

Revue Horticole “1830, 92, 95, 96, 1904, 10, 14 (Zinnia refs.), I

Richfield ae Corpor, Ms 93

Riedel, A

e Ko Riedel, Johannes “Retr ieee (See Peter Riedel)

Riedel, i 1Vi42V.2 River Red Gum (Euc. jaesiev era sis [rostrata}),

II.No.2( a a ee one: habitat of Washingtonia

fe

nae Allee. author of “Life in California’,

Bode Joh Rock here Nes on

“Romance of the Ranc pinay oo 1.28 Romero (Trichostema spt Rose, Lcona ard, PS

u a ( Fuchsia rosea), I Ppa Fred W., Supt. a Pxcclentiene wel s, V.96

seph A. , pioneer circus man, I.27 Pipbea hay Lester, att F7: Royal Gar ens of Madr id, Royal Horticultural I Society’ s ee Floral Medal,

inciana lees

ociety of Horticulture, V3 n at Marfranc, Haiti, ati ion at Turrialba, C: ‘. nton,

Rubus, and L. H. Bailey, Mt ‘Rura Californie” : journa

Ruskin, John (quote), IV.91

Set

“F moi es

S — Valley, palm planting in, HL fers date palms in, er Valley, Arizona, ‘date palm plantings

IT. 2 San eon Italy, at or IV.3 San Diego Zoo (Calif.), 1V.42 San Luis Obispo 0 County, Calif, habitat of ey Speke ong S75, Sand Straw {By oak chiloensis), 111.59 alk Mission, 1.26,27 Santa Barbara and Dr. tuba IV.3 Santa B Barbers Daisy San Pedro, incorpo in Ese oe dae 3 52 Santiago Canyon, ee , Calit., = Cruz Island I (Lyon Sy ribu gg - “apenas IIT.61 Sapote, Pike,

hite iV 4 ei Horticu ae Sie got IV.85 Sargent, Charles Spr: Saunders, Charles mane spin from writings of, Cinnamomum camphora, 1V.43

“Saunders’ place’, Los Angeles (1888), a

Scarlet pow (Fachsia conta IV. 36,3 “Scotch Paisano’ (Hug Reid), 1.3; III. ra

Seden, ohn, ow _ hybridize, v zi, 28

Seed and Plant Dis: Dinrbels

Seed distribu a 9 oe eee from Brazil and Argentin

sn ese rio Looks Ms a A

Sibert ‘Russel ‘ 7” 28; HES: TV 65,95;

Se le Plige,

Shade Plant Re V.7; V.85

Shakespeare, Juliet s pomegranate tree, 1.25

Shasta Resor ( Poe! tes gong maximum ni’), I. No. 2(ch art)

Shearer, fank :

Shell sree Nursery, of Oakland, I.18

i a (Xylosma senticosa),

Ernest E. had yf Baresi , Ill “Shrubs for the Milder Counties”, W. Arnold-Forster (review), III.55 Sierran Sugar pines, and Australian eucalyptus,

Silent, Judge Charles, I Silver a (Elec ha Bh No.2 (chart) er Clum nee Grass (Festuca glauca), 1V.16 Silver Crassula (Crassula argentea), I

Silver Fern (Cyathea dealbata), V.8 Silver Mallee (Rac. crucis), I.No. 2 (chart ilver Mountain Gum (Exc. pulverulenta), II. chart Silver Tree a endron ee) 111.37 “Sixty Y in core ia” Harris Newms 1.27 (re pores

; = “Sm og’ (See Air Se ppt “Smog-tolerant’”’ plants, II.No.2 (chart) “Some California Phacelias” , Philip A. Munz,

“Something Different in Tree Labels’, R. J. Seibert, III.5 “Song ve the Exhibitor, The’,

II1.3 Sons ie Daughters of the Golden West, 1.33 ‘South Africa in Your a9 en”, ed E. Mathias, III.37 eae Sontag, habitat range of Fragraria ¢ ples tag California Academy of Sciences, V.70 Southern California Acclimatizing Association, IV.4,7; V.21 Southern California Automobile Club, L.A., lary Speciosa specimen in grounds of,

S. Reynolds Hole,

Southern Secon Botanists, III.2

Southern California Cam ree society II1.28,53; IV.22,47,71,95; Vil 13,4

Southern California Golf pS TIL. 28

etum publi cation plans, I 1.8 sag issue of joint poreonneny III.No.2

22

So. Cal. Horticultural mg at EO i ee IIT.62

honor to Hinge ney Payne, ae n eee date, etc., IV.95

Southern California i Flower and Garden Show “Southern Gfomia the P. ier . uel Ayres, ae Sones California Turf ae 1953,

IV.23 Southern Pacific R. a Spain, King of, (1769), gti Tand title, 1.26 Spanish Broom rae junceum

If.No.2 (char Spearlily (Dorganibes Meh IV.17,86,87 tanton, st: QO, Seat State Park fe eis - Aaa IV.64 Stearns, ‘Don Abel”, Steedman Acacia (A. Sieadman’), III.29 Stewart, Dr. William Stone, Gen. ae P. (187 6), “on Stout, Dr. A. B., daylily breeder, IV.69 Street and parkway planting of this a trees,

Street Tree mele Board of Public Works, | Los Angeles, V.9 :

Sub- topical | lants, 11.9; III.39

Su burban ngeles, 1910-1914, IV.52

G

ng Co. penal IV 72 Susuki Grass ee sinensis), V.68 Sutter, John Sweet Willian (Dianthus barbatus), V1.7 Swim, Herbert C., international honor to, iv. 23 Swim ey pools, first public, in Los Angeles

IV

Suter o se V.62

Swingle, W. T.,

Senne Lovell.

Szechuan ae Viste Metasequoia stand, IV.84

“Tabebuia umbellata”, * J. Seibert, IV.77; v.66

Dr. andria, Egypt, I[V.70 rn Rabincleeiath ences ), Ill. - Tallac Knoll at the oF aeege, IV

almudic Botany, IV Tasmania, pan ep nthe in, V.80 anian Blue Gum, I.18

Taylor, William, Bi shop, ee Francisco, 1.18 oe Bears and Euc alyp Ho Iderness, Telephone ae ios Angeles City Hall, installation of, IV | factor i in ne ae Se of plant nourishm —— erature gflisbicns 1.21 (see also Weather

s Philip A. Munz, IV.75 25

zy “Thentlo ore cccieche. rll de School, 1.2

ibis rs

“Thirty. first — evi Tree Conference’, i )6Walter J. “Thymelea Fuchsia ” (Puchsia thymifolia),

i V38 39 herbarium material, V.89 Title Insurance Company, ! Tobago, herbarium material from, by

ailey, V.9 Tobira Pittosporum ennai tobira), . II.No.2(chart) | Tony Sarg marionettes IV.14 “To Make Our Land More Beautiful”, j John Anson gmt Topanga Canyon oo ty of, IV.5 [. 'To These We Are Indebted’ Hugh Saat 11.4 eee Fuchsia (Fuchsia procumbens tai } Trailing ven (Lantana sellowiana),

2

f tanslocations, of plant food, temperature factor in, V.80

‘ Tree ferns in paauan “gnyones forests, V.80

n Califor

Ww. Robes

Tree of Heaven ( Ailanthus altissima),

/ — II.No.2 (chart)

_ Tree Tomato (Cyphoma ndra betacea), II1.61

) “Trees and Shrubs in Easter am America’, Benjamin Blackburn, Trees of New S ae! . . H. Anderson pening TILS

Trees of se vo Pacific oa S _ eee ed Southern oo Edison Company yp oe Bg j Teclease. PWiilliaus: 1V.6 _ Trends in popularity of certain plants, I ces Flame Bush (Calliandra cer an Tenia ee material from, by H. Bailey, V.9 | tae Rain Forest,, The” (comment), IV.19 Tuberous begonias, V.26-29, 56-60 | “Christmas-flowering Varieties” v.56 first double-flowere : V.29 ae inter- flowering Varieties ee" ey spineless “sae 13;

, P. M. Richards

6

— Tae,

“Tun @ Hi. "No.2 Turf ee III.79 Turf experimental research, advisory committee, s from ‘Down Under’, A’, s B, Martin, V.14 a Malvaviscus mollis), I plata Costa Rica, See ae a "V. 70 gram: ore Your Eyes’, III.79 “Two Seoseatind Yuccas ra William Hertrich, [V.11

om Mexico” :

Sn oS es.

U Po Chinaberry (Melia azederach mbraculiformis), Il.No.2 (chart) Linda eas whrpeis system, pine in Los Angeles, IV

Baa etic the tecirrar ag A Revision of

ae Longstreth ye III.56 Heiseniee of

Pla ies U.S. Forest ccnice on Clamshell Rd., Monrovia, Calif., IT. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant ‘Industry, V U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, oe sie pr sere Section, eoahions! bape V6 1 (Zinnias), IV.79

Forest Service, Flood Control, U.S. Reclamation Service, former fie fe) IV.55

Van Whee ce M., IV. 3 (see also Authors) de la Garcilaso

eo plant breeding experiments, V.18 Veitch, John

Ve itch, Messrs. ae and Sons, V.27,57

“Veitch’s Nur Pioneer Hybridizers of Tuberous ene ias’’, Elmer J. Lorenz, V.2 6

27, Velasco, Fr. (1789), V Vera Cruz, Mex., Came of Persea longipes,

Verdoorn, Dr. Frans, I.28; III.5; Victoria, Indian wife . Hugo Reid, TIL.47

Vi Vilmorin a : Vilmorin-Andrieux and Co.,

Vine Fuchsia (Fuchsia ran 6 IV .36,37 Meas - it

Vio rumpet Vine (C/ytostom

loins II.No 2(chart)

“Visqueen’’, plastic film, IV.5 Voorhis, C. B., family, IV. ny Ww

Wallflower Se Ill

“Washingtonia Spat Willian Hertrich, 1.4 a ae s,

Wax Candle (ldria sama: V8

BL bron Trees”, E. J. H. Corner jewibaly, III.8

“We” ae Editor

Weather Records, Los Angeles State me —

Weather Records, ir btaiee of California, Los Angeles, 1952, ; 1953, IV.56; 1954, V.64

Weddell, plant shee ON ire

bain 2 its

fess: climatic factors, 11.31

e€ y aad.

Earhar : Plant Research Laboratory, III.31 sheretana! trips to Europe, III.31

Satan me of San Jose de Costa Rica, IV.6 Winter-sweet (Acokanthera spectabilis),

West s Section ve the Arboretum, 1V.65 II.No.2(c ee Westcott, ‘Richa rd, I Winters, Calif., “Western Fruit Gardening” Asus M. oe Wolfski il, 7. a. Tit and Claron O. e (review), IV Wolfskill, William, B427: 11> A? “White Flowering Native California Plat for Wongavine ao dorea ae aaah Katherine K. Muller, III.59 II.No.2 (chart) Wilcox 9 “Woody A of the ape Los iis “Wild ase of ec , H. W. Rickett. The’, Journal of South African any, Illustrations by Mary Vaux Walcott and ol. 18, ea a II (review), es Dorothy Falco (review), IV.96 Woolly Blue White Potato Vine (S Solanum Jasminoides), (Tricostema : V.41 II.No.2 (chart) Workman, W. H White een (Casimiroa edulis), 1V.4 Wrinkleleaf cider (Cistus crispus), Wild avocado of Mt. Uyuca, Honduras II.No.2 (chart ) Persea penne a), V.84 >. PY. of Tecpan, Guatemala (Persea Xerophytic types of bromeliads, IV.8 Wild Canterbury Bell (Phacelia minor), W142 7 b Wild Heliotropes, IIT.43 “Years in My Herb Garden, The’, Helen M. Fox, Wild Oats, air-pollution damage to, V.8 : WHEL Onions (Brodiaea), V.40 “Yuccas of the Southwest’, John M. Webber, William Penn, Horticulturist’, [V Zeinee, De Gk. VS

oe PRES in Los oe ¥¥.52 63

Wilson, E. H Windmill oe ae fortune?), Zineb, fungicide, V.11 II.No.2 (chart) Zurich Garden, IV.34