TRANSACTIONS LINNEAN SOCIETY E73) - p > Zz, Un > C) - O Z, N ~ OF THE i 3 r LINNEAN SOCIETY. ARE DEES a a aa a VOLUME Y. joe fd BOTA NICAL GARDEN. LONDON: tt. : PRINTED BY 7. DAVIS, CHANGERY-LANE. L " SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S HOUSE, NO, 10, PANTON-SQUARE, COVENTRY-STRÉET; AND BY JOHN WHITE, FLEET-STREET, M.DCCC. ud S 0 NX UE l.S it ESCRIPTIONS ef fome minute Britifh Shells. - By the late dre: Adams, Pf. F. L.S. — Page — lI. Deferiptions of fame Marine Animals fon on the Coaft of Wales. By the Jame- pP III. Odbfervations on the Economical Ufe of the Ranunculus aquatilis: - with Introductory Remarks on the acrimonious and poifonous Qua- lity of fome of the Engli ijh Species of that Genus: By Richard Pulteney, M. p. F.R.S. dud L. S. | p. do Olírvatin e on "re serving ‘Specimens o 2 B John V. On the Afcarides difcovered in the Pelecanus Carbo and P. cri jaani: By Richard Pulteney; M.D. F.R.S. and L.S. — p VI. Obfervations on tbe Orchefion long Grafs. By William George * Jiu D po Maton, M. B. F.L.S. V II. MEE A a neto Roe f Myttiria. B George Shaw, E GM ie VUL Asp- 234... 21 24: vESN T S vi CONT VIII. A Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfes printed in the Se- cond Volume of thefe Ti ranfattions. By Robert Teefdale, Ey. Sa ELS. ——- = Puge 30 > IX. A Continuation of the Hiffory of Tipul “Tritici, in a Letter to . Thomas Marfoam, Efq. Tr, ES: By the Rev. William Kirby, T L.S. ` "— X. -Oljfertlütions EVE certain Fungi: whi ib 2 OP SAMO Wheat. — F.L.S. —— p. 274 XXX. Additional Note to ve a get on the Briti if Species . M.D. F.R.S. - : R 275 i a L à ny D Donors to te T3 fi pr Linnean VM) — P. 294 | em s pb i . ‘ See pb. ceed | TRANS- — — LJ b 2 pt d , Dux TRA GNGS (0A CU... No Vit said THE. s PNN E AW SOCIETY. L Delrin T. bog inii Bris; 71 Shells, By the D yo — an 45 Aam Efi Enden T d Read February 6, ans I BEG to lay before the Jimer ‘Society the {pecific characters, with additional obfervations and drawings, of fome minute - i ut E tud ET paper p. — which have pn et DA obf T. a s Pu z E € dia m ri an. ld b 1795. “BULLA. sruncata, 1. B, teftà fabovali apice truncata. TAB. L fg. 1, 2. UT P R HT S etd at the Wath, rare. £4 « E ^ em EE Of. Colour whitey, opaque: PA zm denticulata. 2. B. teftà oblongá fubzequali. bias ley Ld ade apicem denticulà acutiffimá, ... ) Xi Aeiulda Tas. I. fa. or 4,5 Vor, V. n B Sand i9 Mr. Avams’s Defcriptions of — "Sand at the Wath, not common. Obf. Shell pellucid, white. punctata. ` 3. B. tefta oblonga fabzquali tranfversé punctatà. | | Tas. I. fg. 6, 7, 9. ; : South Sands at Tenbigh, very rare. = dif E int longitudinal ftri 12. emarginata. 4. B. tefta gibbà, apertura emarginatà. "TAB. I, ffg..9, 10, 11... Obf. Shell pellucid, fmooth; lip fubarcuated. B. emar- ginata, punctata, and denticulata, agree in theirge- — neral habit; and ¢runcata is moft nearly allied to cei : TURBO. irifa jfa jfiatus. I. T. tefta levi quinque anfractibus fubobfoletis cud ; atis, apertura ovali. - AAR l. fio. 1%, 13. . Obf. Shell pellucid, imperforated, whitith, with two. tranfverfe red bands on Hu HE fpire,. and one on the fecond. - ; membrana- 2. 'T. teftà levi quinque Subs ea fafciatis, Ces. apertura fubovali.. Tas. I. fig. 14, 1 5 Sand at the Wath. : po Of. Colour yellowith brown, ‘thin, pellucid, with oblique | omne minute Brifh. Shells. 3: oblique yellow-brown ftripes, imperforated ; readily ` diftinguifhed by its membranaceous appearance. fubrotundá. : - Sand at the Wath. - O¥ Shell gloffy, pellucid; white, imperforated ; {pires ^ with interrupted longitudinal bands of a rich ochreous colour. - | interruptus. 2. T. teftà levi quinque anfractibus fubobtufis, apertura fubrujus. 4, T. teå levi quinque anfractibus fupernè fubangu- suu PARI fg 18/19. sx Lenny Bay. : -., OLJ: Shell opaque ; colour dull red; upper part of each fpire marked with a White tranfverfe band. . e > es el ‘ rÀ T $ 24 i Rd is VE @ Md cd oL Mee A rae i : olco o ce d io clic d d Rara E ERE ENTM UE PTT og nt omiies a. : m : Xd D pot es oe = xe: ip "a : dique em PEE te Jafciata, .— x. H. tefta levi tribus anfractibus, primo ventricofiore, : fabumbilicata, apertura ampliata. | Taz.lfg.20,21. — ^ - —. Sand at the Wath. T enbigh. ü | | zs —. Obf. This delicate fpecies is pellucid, white; firft fpire marked with three -tranfverfe belts of a rich ma- rone colour, the middle one broad, the lateral ones narrow, _ : angie ie mmm — ph — — nitidifima, | a Mr. ApAMs's Deferiptions of nitidifima, 2 .H. teftà. duobus anfra&tibus, fubtilifime tranfversé S triatà. : TAB. I. fig. 22,23; 2.4. sio 7^ Corneous, pellucid, umbilicated ; Sic “diftin- guifhed by the uncommon brilliancy of i its gloffi- nels. ee bicolor. — 3 H. tefta beu duobus anfractibus, vix u dimbilicat’ DN TAW L fig. 25, 26, y : à Tenbigh. goti OP. This fpecies differs f jdn the preceding, to which - it is nearly allied in other refpeéts, in being perfe&tly ` . fmooth, devoid entirely of any gloffinefs, and in una the infide == the fhell white. cae "Enas t m M me i Sedo e le SERPULA. - ovalis. E I. & teftà fa boii maitai. Tas. I. fg. 2 28, 29, 30. om com | Ob. This. ee p TEE with L3 Io. Walker's Minute Shells, but fers evidently i in never being perforated, . | reflexa, — 2. S. teftà regulari rotunda, a aperture. margtni reflexá. : Sn ZAR L fg. 3n d^ AN pee MaB ederidum OV. Glofly, vliites: perforated; ; aperture above the | plane of the fpire. AUS cornea, Jome minute Britifh’ Sbells, | 3 cornea. 3. 8. teflà regulari rotunda | pelucid, tribus anfrac-- tibus. - =, a Tas. T. fig. 33, 34, 35. - Sand at the Wath. .- | p posue lornecolour. - CP ail m T EXPLAN ATION os TAR. i e . Fig. 1. Bulla truncata, magnified, 24 —» naturalfize, z: £] | 3. Bulla denticulata upper. fide magnified : "dh -, natural fize. - =D T —, » under fide magnified: p? 6. Bulla: ;punétata,: upper fide-magnified. — s —, natural fize. 8. , under fide magnified. ZO Bulla emarginata, upper fide. magnified. 10. ! nape natural fize. - : 11. Mna c CE -, ui AS r fide | A nii f Dr mra. Farbo tas magnified. 13 — -——,.. Natural fize. 14. Turbo membranaceus, magnified.. I5. | | —, natural fize. 16. Turbo interr iptus, magnified, - j^ ——— ——, natural lize. 18. Turbo fubrufus, magnified, 19. - , natural fize, - £ 20. Helix fafciata, magnified. 2I. —, natural fize. Fig. 22.. Mr. ADAMS's Tu MOM Se. Fig. 22. Heli nitidiffima, upper fide magnified. , natural fize. -————, under fide magnified. ula ovalis, upper fide magnified. ia, duwrlldge * —— c0 , under fide magnified. — reflexa, magnified. — . aan, y natural fize. — pov Serpula cornea, upper fide «Sene —, natural fize. ^, under fide T TE aei P us y : 5 ki ud drm saec RET ARSE ILE itte E t M TU at id NS am e ———— = G. : emis dins Pa e - ot > : ' e eg E & bi a Že, under fide magnified. à Helix bicolor, upper fi fide magnified. t WE f b — —--——-, natural fize. (wo ae E a Lnn na Y. tal tp 9 ^4 ^" E929 iL Deferiptions of fome Marine Animals found on the Coaft of Wales. By, the late gu Adams, Efq, F.L, S. Read February 6, 1798. PHALANGIUM. 1. grofipes. CORPORE minuto cylindrico, humeris tuber- culato, pedibus longiffumis. Linn, Syf. Nat. Ed. 13. p. 1027. | Milford Haven. | | Obf. To the minute and accurate defcription given in the Sy/lema Nature I can have nothing to add, ex- cept that its colour is a dirty red. 2. hirfutum,. P. corpore fubplano decemangulo, Tas. II. fig. 1, 2. Milford Haven. Tenbigh. | Obf. Body oval with ten angles, and marked vim a — tranfverfe band near the centre; antennz ferrated on the interior fide; feet eight, hairy; tail cylin- drical, obtufe ; colour palith brown; length 3 inch. xU Saar oe ONIS. | * Oe AAD AI Deferiptions of ~ ONISCUS. d lidentatus, 'O. abdomine nudo, caudà obtufitma, fquÉmá slm :.bidentatà. Tas. II. Jf ig. 34. Milford Haven. - Obj: Length 3 inch; upper fide marked with fix tranf- verfe rows of ochreous {pots ; ; Ícales feven, the laft with two teeth, which. eT diftinguifhes. a. fpecies. | 7 = pu s NEREIS. | 1. viridis. — N. viridis filiformis fegmentis CXXX. Linn, Syf. Nat. Ed. 13. p. 1086. : uis Ris Amongft. Long. Mecum of the ok rd jc at A AR ss Penbieh ^ Dog. ees ob. Length 2 24 inches | ACTINIA. B maculata, AL coralliflora,._t aculis nunicrofiflimis retractilibus Mil ford Tiu : ae ap Cl. Jnd of the Murex defpeitus. = hug This beautiful fpecies is lóbdiudiball fulcated, having. the edges of the bafe crenated :; the lower part is an obfcure red, and the upper part is tranf- - -cuyo o s parent white marked with fine purple fpots; the | ©. outer circumference of the aperture has a narrow ftripe of pes When pda the fuperior divi- =$ fion 2. fenilis. T. minuta. | Vor. Vo Marine Animals found on the Cog of Wales. == fion of the body feems formed of flefhy bars placed - ina reticulated manner, and lined with a fine mem- brane. F rom perforated warts, placed without order on the outer coat, iffued white filamentofe fubftances varioufly twifted together : I have obferved a fimilar body ejected from the mouths of all the fpecies of _ this genus, which have fallen within my notice. A. fubcylindrica tranfversé rugofa. Linn. Syf. Nat. Ed. 13. p. 1088. Bafler. fubf. t. 13. f. 2. bona. Rocks, Tenbigh. Of. The fpecimens I obferved were fmaller than as re- - prefented in the figure above quoted ; but that re- markable foft. hairy appearance arifing from the flender form and number of the tentacula, which fo readily diftinguith it from its Britith congeners, is well pourtrayed. Colour white or pink ; v at reft, the exterior coat is e ager E A. corpore rotundo, radiis quinque tenuiffimis hirfutis, Penn. Br. Zool. v. 4. et 09 n. 6r. Tenbigh, rates - 0 OH. Body round, convex, brown, donwirhat larger : 5 .. than the head of a common pin ; rays hirfute, about _ three times the diameter of the body, white. When examined under a microfcope, the upper fide appears marked with a tawny yellow Spot i in the form of a .C. ; ia pentagon; 10 Mr. ApAMs's Deferiptions of Jome pentagon, and the under. fidé with: a fmall yellow cinquefoil. The body contains a yellowith juice. Rays jointed, and from either fide of each joint pro- ceed three oval pellucid pointed es which eum its hirfute appearance. >. rubens, A. ftellata, radiis lanceolatis gibbis, undique aculeata. Linn. Syf: Nat.E-d.3 3. f. 1099. EAS ha ha rs f 1—6. Not unfrequent in Milford. Haven. .. Obf. Colour pale orange; diameter S inches. A A E peétinata 2 A, radiata, radiis duplicatis ; fuperioribus pinnatis, in- ferioribus filiformibus. Linn. Syf: Nat. p. 1101. A. decacnemos. Pen. Br. Zoo Vide p. 66. t. 33 J. 71. bona. In Milford Haven, very.c common. TN Ol Both the pinnated and fimple rays in this fingular fpecies are clofely jointed throughout, ` and from - thefe articulations arifes its flexibility. The pinnæ . on the under fide are furnifhed with hollow tubes, gradually SUE in fize as > they approach the . end; from whi : the. will of the animal, — {mall Biform, t¥an fparcdite flexib le be bodies, which. are probably the organs of feeling : On feparating one of the pinnz from the main ftem, the fleth was found to be 'compofed. entirely of fmall opaque globes. The filiform rays (or perhaps more pro- ~ perly the radicles, fince by them the animal attaches j itfelf to any thing) are each terminated by an in- | curvated claw, refembling in figure and evidently for the fame purpofe as the claws of birds. The Body Marine Animals found on the Chapt of Wales. - ET py. Body is covered on the upper fide by five unequal 2 (coto valves.” It is remarkable ‘of this fpecies, that it is - furnifhed with zwo apertures, one at the confluence. of the valves, the other in the largeft valve; their pofition with refpe& to the centre is variable: the - dae may readily-efcape obfervation, except when the animal choofes to elevate it above the plane of the ` E When fully expanded, the infide appears clothed with a fine membrane longitudinally folded and revolute at its margin. Colour deep red. Simce the illuftrious Mr. Pennant has not referred his A. decacnemos to the A. peétinata Linn. (though he has <3 quoted Barrelier and the figure of Linckius, which are given by. Linneus ds fynonyms to his A. peĉi- nata}, Y cannot but feel apprehenfive of having committed an error in confidering them as the fame fpecies, and have confequently affixed a mark of __. doubt tothe Linnean reference; but fince the fpecific hepa cad character given in che ea Nature accords per- i Fett ly with 1 f cimens which í have exa- a "eT I truf it will not be the caute of any confufion toa Brugh naturalift. a an: “SERTULARIA. | 1. imbricata, Xd fubramofa, veficulis fubclavatis, fursüm inordinatà imbricatis. gb Tas. TT. XE 5—i | On the Fucus nodi fuse Milford Haven. A "This fpecies feems moft nearly allied to the S. ce- Mei or oe * aa drina, é Bk I2 Mr, ApAMs's Defcriptions of fome drina. Linn, Syff. Nat. Ed. 13. p. 1313. n. 28. Pallgf. Zooph, p.139. from which however it differs in the ve- ficles not furrounding the ftem in any regular feries, and in their fhape. Height, from one to three inches. Young fhoots clofely imbricated to their bafe, but older ones often naked : the fmaller branches, which proceed from a main ftem, have the veficles placed 1 bifarioufly, but at their apex they itur the im- bricated form. è "TUBULARIA. I. Jabel ifor- T. tubulis parallelis. fafciculatis; fafciculis radiatim difpofitis. Tas. II. Jig. 12, 13, 14. . On the Conferva rubra, Milford Haven. OH. This minute coralline differs confiderably from its Britifh congeners in habit, but agrees with them in texture. Its origin is a fimple cylindrical ftem, affixed at its bafe, which is a little dilated to the. .. fiems of the Conferva: it foon, however, lofes this . form, and very abruptly betore . fhaped compreffed body, from which proceed eight S dilated into a fan- rays. Thefe rays, when examined under the firft magnifier of Ellis's microfcope, appear compofed of equal and perfe&ly cylindrical tubes. In fome I obferved a deep crimfon fpot, necs was probably a dead or M polype. EXPLA- RU fle UE xov Animals found on the Coaff of fale. x 13 EXPLANATION OF TAB. To ngium hirfutum, magnified. sig EE 2 MM 7 — Natural fiue. ; | ^er » a branch, magnified. of — ——, à young branch, magnified. 8. » a fhoot from the bafe, magnified. 9. » the. ftalk without ` the venges mag- CE: mhed. 5 É 10. 4 —— ve a L young chus rry» I di ——, a polype in its cell: | ! ubularm fabelliformis, natural fize. - - ——--——, magnified. , tubes ‘which compote the. A. Ep EPOD T Xs " LE F mue 5 ens ae PU. r Fa - Fat uan gp II I a OÀ. ra nd of tbe En pli 73 Species of that Cs By Richard PulteMy, M, D. FR. $. m be din. cs. SS SS rr ur E» i Tj 1798. eooo . OTH antient and modern. writers on Botany, and the Materia © Medica, agree, pretty uniformly, in attributing to many fpecies | of the genus Ranunculus a corrofive and poifonous quality. In feveral i it abounds in fuch a degree as, when applied externally, in a recent ftate, to excite vefications, and. ulceration of the parts, fre- quently of a malignant and gangrenous nature: and, when ae inwardly, to prove poifonous and fatal, by inducing vomiting, 1 flammation of the ftomach, with the ufual confequences of pe poifons. Thefe qualities are cei manifeft in the recent uem while i in its higheft vi vigo ot The eae {pecies, thaf'a are puce and common in WERL land, are, the Ranunculus Flammula, or Leffer Spearwort ; R. bulbofus, bulbous rooted Crowfoot ; R. acris, upright Crowfoot; R. fceleratus, Marth Crowfoot ; R. arvenfis, Corn Crowfoot ; and the R. aquatilis, or Water- Crowfoot, according to the report of various authors. Of thefe the Flammula, € and derent ‘are judged to be the moft acrimonious, Before Economical Ufe of the Ranunculus aquatilis., Is Before the introduStion of Cantharides, the acrid Ranunculi were, all in their turn, ufcd as veficatories ; and Haller tells us*, the R. Flammula is ftill in ufe as fuch in fome parts of France. Gilibert affures us, that the R. bulbofus veficates with lefs pain than the Fives, and has no effect on the urinary paflages. He gives it therefore a. . decided preference as an epifpaftic. Other authors allow thefe qua- litics ip the Ran and that they are quicker than Cantharides in their ve icatinp efiet; but fay, that all thefe advantages are more than balanced, by the greater uncertainty of their action on the fkin, and their frequently leaving ill-conditioned ulcers, of which Murray and other writers have recorded inftances t. Neverthelefs, the Ranunculi were employed iu local {pafmodic complaints and in fixed pains, and not unfrequently in cataplafms to the wrifts in in- termitting fevers. Crowfoot is known alfo to have been one of the Ie ingredients in Plunket's Epithem for Cancers. ie The acrimony of thefe plants is, however, of fo volatile a nature, that, even in the moft virulent, it is wholly diffipated in drying; fo. that, in the form of hay, they appear £o be harmlefs, andenutritive to cattle. It is alfo inftantly expelled in decoction, probably in all lachia eat even the R; feeleratus, as a culin ary plant, after boiling it: the R. auricomus, and, as feveral authors affure us, the R. repens, ~ are fo deftitute of acrimony as to be wholly inoffenfive, and. even . worthy of a place among oleraceous plants. - | Y A x (7 See the Enumeratio Stirpium and Hiforia Stirpium Helvetia, in which much fatif- factor | information is collected, refpecting the properties of this genus of plants; and for which the Author has, with his ufual candour and. accuracy, quoted all his authorities. t Plante rariores Lithuanie, No. 331. o. $ Apparat, Medicam, iii. 87. oe T : The s, that the fhepherds of Mor-- i 16 Dr. PuuTENEY's Gbfervations on tbe The Ranunculi give out this quality wholly in diftillation: the water of the R. /eeleratus, by the experiments of Tilebein, as recorded in the fecond volume of the Chemical Annals, is acrimonious in an in- tenfe degree, and, when cold, depofits cryftals which are fcarcely fo- : Juble in any menftruum, and are of an inflammable nature*. The diftilled water of the R. Flammula, or Leffer Spearwort, as we are in- formed by Dr. Withering, is an emetic more inftantaneous, and lefs offenfive during its action, than white vitriol; and, as if Nature had furnifhed an antidote to poifon from among poifons of its own tribe, is to be preferred in promoting the inftant expulfion of dele- terious fubftances from the ftomach. * Tn the experiments of the Pan Suecus, even in the improved edition by Schreber, after the obfervations and renewed trials of Kalm,Gadd, Bergius, and Laftbohm, made upon horned cattle, goats, fheep, horfes and fwine, all the fpecies of Ranunculi, with which trials were | made, except the R. auricomus, were rejected by the horned cattle; and itis well known, that while our meadows and paftures are eaten bare of other vegetables, the R. acris, and R. bulbofus, which are but too. plentiful, are left untouched: neither do cattle willingly eat the R, re . pens, although it is not wholly rejected by horfes, fheep, and goats. - The R. Flammula, according to the above experiments, was eaten only by horfes, to which animal it is t sere faid to be very grateful ; whereas the R. auricomus,eatenbyall the reft, (except that {wine choofe | only the roots,) was rejected by horfes. The R. /celeratus, which is- fuppofed to be the Herba Sardonia of Diofcorides, was touched by goats alone; the R. bulbo/us only by the latter, though itis well known ` in England that hogs are fond of the roots. The R. acris was eaten by fheep and goats; but the R. aquatilis is recorded as the only one re- * Page 313. cate 7 ! | jected ^" Economical Uj of the Ranunculus aquatilis, An r 7 iebteth by all the five fpecies of -— on which. thefe trials were made. - -It does not appear by either edition. of the Pan Suecus, that ; any trials were made with R. arvenfis ; and though horned cattle and horfes will ‘eat this fpecies greedily, (although not without fubfe- quent iuis is it is died dt to sine been. eese deleterious t to ippofed, of an sided difeafe ; but awash examination ha covered, that this deftruétion ‘was owing to the Ranunculus arven/is, The hiftory of: this accidentis- circumftantially: related im the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Turin, by M. Brugnon*. - "The herb grows luxuriantly in Piedmont, and the theep fed with much eagernefs upon it. "The effeéts here mentioned were not imme- , but progreffi es and M. Brugnon, on further inveftig was convinces they were principally: owing to the roots of the plant; > fince by experiments: purpofely made,on dogs, thefe animals were almoft inftantly killed by them. On the diffection of the fheep, : all the four conco&tive orent: were found. Sepik with exxfipsiatons mifchief had c RE enm ep erm ge rio The avidity with which fheep, horfes, and cows, eat the Ranun- ; culus arvenfis, is, as M, Brygnon juftly obferves, an. exception. tothe commonly received maxim, that. herbivorous animals are, by inflin& ~ gA led to reject. whatever is noxious. - We fee frequently, that. hun = will impel our . domefticated cattle, efpecially: on being firft. turned to grafs in e Spring, to eat almoft all gris, promifeuoufly : : < * Memoires de L’ Académie Royale des Sciences. plo. 17883785, à Turin PR wio — «X E | Ue ; sie OL. V. ; D 5g Mete V — or R. aquatilis Ger. em. 829. Ray Syn. 15 Dr. PULTENEY’s Obfervations on the Some of our farmers are aware of the effects of Crowfoot, of which the R. acris and R. bulbofus are fo common in our paítures, and by which - the mouths of their cattle are frequently inflamed and bliftered ; and . doubtlefs the effe&s often extend much farther, and fometimes prove fatal. ‘There can be little doubt of the fame deftructive con- fequences from other Sette Dari in cafes where the caufe is little fufpected. 2 BERS M. Krapf, who diftitàted | a fet of e EA wholly confined to this genus of plants*, attributes to the R. aquatilis, the deleterious ‘qualities belonging tothe others ; obferving, that it will veficate the fkin, but is flower in its operation than the R. dulbofusand R. fceleratus, Bifhop Gunnerus alfo, in his Flora Norvegica +, tells us, that this fpecies is not lefs noxious to cattle than the R. fceleratus ; that even the goat, an animal lefs nice in the aon of its food than the others, leaves it wholly. untouched. ^ osuen 0020 ftis well known to botanifts, that "iie [few s admi oe pa comprehends four fpecies of the older writers; and even Haller, and fome more modern authors, ftill keep them feparate : among whom, the late Profeffor Sibthorp, im his Flora Oxonienjis, enumerates them diftinétly, under : "UR names sa d R. Meca tilis omnino tenuifolius F. B. iii. 781. qus S 346 3. e =- cinatus, R. aquaticus albus, circinatis tenuiffime divifis foliis, floribus ex alis ` longis pediculis innixis P/uk. alm. 311. t. $5. 2. Ray Syn. 249. and 4. R. fluviatilis, or Ranunculo five Polyanthemo aquatili albo affine, Millefolium maratriphyllum fluitans, = B. ii. m: Mira en- * C. Krapf, Experimenta de nonnullorum Ranunculorum vidi | quiis Tinh externo et interno ufu, Vienne, 1766. 8vo. p. 107. | — t No. 646. En E: 3 tering Economical Ufe of the Ranunculus aquatilis. | 19 tennghere into any difquifition relative to thefe diftin&ions of the fpecies, I fhall come to the ultimate object of thefe obfervations, by remarking, that I was lately witnefs to a fact, with refpeét to the - ` Ranunculus aquatilis fluviatilis, which, after what I recollected of the character of the plant, fomewhat furprized me, while it fufficiently proved, not merely. the. innoxious quality. of this plant, but that it is nutritive to cattle, and capable of being converted to ufeful pur- pofes in agricultural economy. Unlefs thefe varieties of the R. agua- wilis Linn, be endowed. with different properties, it is a proof that the experiments on this plant were not made with fufficient accu- racy, or difcrimination of the varieties; not fufliciently repeated-on different individuals of the fame fpecies of animals ; or, that in dif- ferent countries or, fituations itis divefted of its virulence. - In the prefent. inflance, itis. probable, . the: plant is rendered: inert as a poifon, by growing in the water ; although in certain other in- Ítances, moifture is thought to heighten the deleterious ‘Property: ow vegetables, efpecially in the umbelliferous tribe. E The ad HE i have sais to is, that i in the neighbourhood of in great abu uium siii (cni rnit of the cottagers- pE Sa their cows, E even horfes, almoft wholly by this plant; fince the re maining part of their food is nothing more than a fcanty pittance they get on the adjacent heath, which affords little more than Ling, Lichen, Bog-mofs or Sphagnum, &c. It is ufual to employ a man to colle& a quantity for the day. every morning, and bring it in the boat to the edge of the water, from which the cows, in the: inftance I faw, ftood eating it with great avidity. I was indeed. informed they relifhed it fo highly, that it-was unfafe to allow them more than a Certain quantity ; I think between twenty-five and thirty pounds each, daily; but with variation according to circumftances. 3 D 2 | The 20 Dn PULTENEY' Obfervations, Gc. -The cows I faw were apparently not in à mean condition, and gave a fufficient quantity of good milk.: I was told by the perfon whofe cattle were feeding on it, that he kept five cows and one horfe — 4o entirely by this plant, and what the heath afforded, that they — "had not: confumed more than half a ton of hay throughout the whole year ; none being uféd, except when thé river is frozen over. . Dexamined the whole parcel; on which four cows were feeding, in | the beginning of March; and found the whole confifted, exclufively, of the Ranunculus fluviatilis, without. any mixture of the Potamo- etoh,- Carex, Sparganium, or other aquatic plants. In Summer, however, it can fcarcely be.avoided but that there muft be a mix- — of fome of thefe: but other plants are not chofen. “This account was confirmed to me by different perfons ; by whom * was further informed, that hogs are alfo fed with the fame plant, . n whic | they improve fo well, that it is ‘not nece lary to. allow _ them other faftenaricey till it is proper to put them. up to fatten. - ‘This relation, while it fhews how carefully experiments fhould "be condwéted before a decifive. judgment on the powers.of any- re- putedly poifonous vegetable'can be formed, may induce füch as were manned ulated, with this fact, to ae the ule of this plant in dumauar ns, fince it i f the moft freq ny rivers 3 ; kingdom. The: een of it to. thefe ! pecie ien a fecoluliis good, of: tending to clear the: ference | of eens is otherwife confidered as a noxious. weed; fince, by its dance in Summer, it is frequently feen to choke up the rivers - more: than any other plant, and, -from flight falls of rainy. con- : pus much to the ov on ne of mentors i in hay-time, morem IV. 0j ie T : IV. Olferations on ri Specimens of Plants, ne d John Stack fe Fit ELS, a — 798 "N profecuting my refearches with a view to complete the hiftory of the Britifh Fuci, I was defirous to difcover, if poffible, a me- - thod of preventing the olive-coloured, coriaceous fpecies from turn- ing black in drying. For this purpofe I tried the experiment of im- merfing them i In a ftrong folution of alum. The refult of my ex- . periment. did not. anfwer my expectation. They were prevented. indeed from turning black, but they acquired a greenifh hue. How- ever, imagining this might arife from the mixture of aluminous with muriatic falts, and being of opinion that the properties of alum Rt ufe i in Dru land plants on feveral accounts, experiments, and am happy | to fay that the has A. e to my expectations. After repeated trials, daring which partial failures occurred, owing to the proportioning the degrees of ftrength of the folution, and the admiflion of . light and air during. the time of drying, I can fafely recommend to the public attention the procefs which follows, not doubting but. that many impr: ovements will fuggeft themfelves to thofe who poflefs a a chemical knowledge of the various fubftances made ue of. P dyers in fixing their colours. UL E -Take a faturated folution of powdered alum in common Water ; immerfe carefully your fpecimen, flowers, leaves and falk, in this liquor. 22 Mr. STACKHOU SE's Obfervations liquor. During this immerfion, with a camel's-hair brufh, fuch as varnifhers make ufe of, wet thoroughly a fheet of blotting-paper : difplay your fpecimen carefully on this paper, and prepare another fheet in a fimilar manner to lay over your plant. Then give a {mart preffure to your plant, either with a botanical prefs, a napkin prefs, or weights of any kind applied to the fpecimen placed between fh boards, or books, obferving to lay about half a quire of paper below the fpeci jen, “and the fiie quantity above, to take up the moifture. After a day or two, according to the fucculency _ of the plant, and when the aluminated paper appears perfectly dry, your fpecimen may be removed into frefh paper, and kept carefully - pe gentle preffure, with the edges of the paper folded over each other to prevent every poflible admiffion of light and air, till its - removal into the herbarium. For thofe who with to affix their fpe- cimens (and it is fcarcely pofüble to effect the prefervation of the de- . Neate tints of the petals of many kinds without. a ftrong adhefion to, and almoft i incorporation witb the paper), the time abovemen- tioned, thatis, when the aluminated paper is thoroughly dry, is the proper time for proceeding with the operation. “Have ready a pafte made with flour and water, with alum mixed in it, fuch as up- arida ule ftrong. gum-water, or ifin aglats-glue: c apply either of back of your fpecimei a broth; then fix it carc- | iting or drawing paper, ^y ass yr cem fmoothty on the {poche as it lies, préffing it gently with your - hands and a cloth, and then turning over both together. "When this is done, iron the plant with a box-heater in the manner recom- - mended by Major Velley in Dr. Withering’ s Arrangement of Britifh Plants, v. 1. p. 34. if you have the conveniencies; if not, apply an immediate and fmart preffure, as before directed. E is taken for granted that thofe who wifh to prcfit by thefe = inftructions, on preferving Specimens of Plants, vec ae inftruétions, are practifed in the ufual methods of preferving dry {pecimens, and that they are aware that particular care fhould be taken to pare off the back parts of thick woody ftalks, and of the globofe, fucculent heads of flowers, as well as of the buds of thofe intended to be pafted down, previous to their preffure. For the moft fatisfactory . information on thefe particulars, the reader is re- ferred to the Introd xhu&tion to Dr. Withering's excellent work above- mentioned. It is almoft needlefs to mention, that aluminated fpe- cimens will be completely guarded from the erofion of infects, as well as from the danger of being injured by damps; and therefore the procefs will be particularly valuable to thofe who vifit foreign countries, | As beauty and durability are of fo múch confequence i in the ar- rangement of an herbarium, and as plants cannot be preferved any length of time in perfe&ion even with the ufual apparatus of 4 vaf culum, or tin-cafe, no botanical traveller fhould be without a: {mall prefs, fuch as that defcribed in Dr. Withering's Arrangement, v. 1. Pr 3L Xt may be eui fo as to admit of à drawer for receiving the preferved fp ns; either - thin enough to lie under the feet in; a po t-chaife ; + g as a Piet for a third perfon is often defirable, i it may ‘be contrived to be as high as the feat of the carriage, with à correfponding cufhion on ius eo N: | On. NL ) à & t i 1 eer Pick = v. vi On ibe Aiia d; lfet in the Pélicanus' Carlo hd Pp. cri rifts. Yek ed dU m: gus = R. S. and TS a EO bes genes S E ek a 5 ged eet Read Newer 6 LI ae | Do x z- ee ee Sp ESR tee SHE liberty I now pm of eebublife the boity with what ` may appear to many a trifling object, is, however, one among many other proofs of the utility of its inftitution; as affording a repofitory, or centre of communication, always open for the recep- | tina of detached tracts in Natural Hiftory ; which, if deemed of fmall “importance in fuch inftances as the prefent, is more than balanced by the utility of others that might be entirely buried in oblivion, for want of a ready and convenient mode of introduction to the “public, without the obligation of writing a formal differtation which perhaps neither time, nor want of Prop aid E accefs to books, inar alloy cc bea is iat fiti 3 Having. lately Rea a gentleman, remarkable for ree fkill- Ronan; and not lefs curious in his obfervations, relate that he had more than once, on opening the crop of the Corvorant (Pele~ canus Carbo, Linn.), found a large quantity of worms in it, I en- gaged him to fend me a few. He informed me, that they lay coiled together into a ball or congeries (as I believe is ufually the cafe) of a cM fize, in fome equal to that of an egg. It was not, however, from the Corvorant only, but from the Shag alfo, that thefe worms i Nes taken. They were promifcuoufly put into a phial, and do not 7 | -. appear Dr. PULTENEY on the Afcarides difcovered in thé Pelecanus, $e. 25 appear to differ. In the recent ftate | e they were of a brownith-yellow caft,. having loft much of the colour fince. they were put into the brandy and water. "This gentleman, and tlie party with him, killed " at the time upwards of twenty of thefe birds, in every one of which worms of this kind were found ; and, what appears worthy of atten-- tion, is, that they were difcovered, : ogether with fmall pebbles, and- ing Shags, that had never been. ill be prefented to the Society with this ifcovered, of! late n fpecies. for the characters of which? “It is to the difcove "eap ifa Ufa rii: ieliet nd Tor nowledge 1 ne, and of feveral - le advances ‘were DA c£ DM E $: felch HGA PRS TLEL ferrer yÉIOIBZICIDNS (PE í : made in this branch of fcience, howfoever clofely connected with.. the well-being of mankind. pO son Ass olli Magi ac, poo a 1 - n 2 bt : 5 7 ib 3 i ai a , ; "xd X é i ee Y x dx . ta à E gi a 3 T s Ae t * Fr. Redi, de Animalculis vivis, qux in Corpcribus Animalium vivorum reperiuntur; 4 - Obfervationes. Amfeld. 17c8. INC 0 ISP 5 d. “You. v. CES ee . Among 26. Dr. PurTs NEY 05 the. Afcaríider Among the more modern nbblicatiónis that of M. Pallas unquef- tionably holds. a diftinguifhed rank. His Thefis de infiftis viventibus. inira viventia; printed at Leyden in 1760, is an elaborate difquifition on this fubje&, and is worthy of being particularly noticed, as con- “taining not only very complete defcriptions and fpecific differences of worms infefting the body of man, but alfo a colle&ted feries of the moft ufeful knowledge of preceding nens with the various modos of extirpating thefe pernicious inmates. _ To the almoft unparalleled induftry of Otto Frederic Müller the greateft merit is due, for his accurate defcription of the Helminthic | order : and, probably, we owe to the Royal Society of Copenhagen, two publications which have fince fo much extended the knowledge: ofthe prefent day, on thefubject of my paper. The Premium, of which I give the title below *, held forth by this Society, excited „the diligence of M. Bloch of Berlin, and M, Goeze, to both of whom. prizes were affigned. M. Bloch publithed his Differtation, which was tranflated into French, under the title below recited +; the latter publifhed a Defcription of the fame animals, in quarto, f. 471. in the. German language, with 44 plates. Gmelin, in his enlarged edition. of the Syfema Nature, has enumerated. feventy-eight fpecies of. Afcarides, having arranged them. according | to gihe ci dalfe; of animals. in which they exit; of which, twenty- four fpecies found to be infefted with thefe worms. Thofe y now s Tend are an. addition to that number. M. Goeze alone, from references to his. work in Gmelin, appears to have defcribed upwards. of twenty. * po Semintum vermium helmi; Tenis, Gordii, Afearidis, Pikica, &c. ani- malibus connatum; an, ab extus intromiffum ; ; obfervationibus, et argumentis. praias re-- mediaque in illo cafu recenfere. T Traité de la Generation des Vers des Inteftines et des Vermifuges. Strafburgh, 1788. $vo. p. 127. tab, x. firft printed in German at Berlin in 1 HEN Afcarides |. difeovered in the Pelecanus Carbo and P. erifatus, 27 Afcarides before unnoticed; exclufive of nine or ten kinds of the - newly-named genus Ecbinoryscbus, fo nearly allied to the afcaris, as to be heretofore claffed under the fame name. From this general view of this fubjeét, there is little room to doubt, that 4/carides exift in a variety of other animals as yet unex- amined: and although Gmelin does not refer any to the clafs of infe&s, I am affured by my friend Aylmer B. Lambert, Efq. that he faw a living worm crufhed out of the body of the Carabus bortenfis. 1 è 5 1 AE Y Pig ae a - : " ^ Vi. olfrsitin on the koniak lone chee È J, Wiliam dhig Man M BT. E. S. jea LITT tony SS n ss iua i PK vm egia Gade! T Hm issue buen. a matter of ae pest to many befides . myfelf, refie&ing how long the Orchefton grafs has been known, and how frequent the opportunities have been for'a full and accu- rate examination of it by botanifts and agriculturifts, that its hif- - tory was fo very contradictory'and incomplete. It was not until I vifited the meadow, and paid confiderable attention to its produce, that I difcovered the caufe of this. The fact is, that the grafs was examined by the different perfons who have written upon the fub- je& of it at very different feafons of the year, and each taking it for granted that it was a peculiar fpecies, or at any rate a peculiar va- - riety of fome one fpecies, made his report on that one only which chanced to be in its pacction at us Burn of his infpe@ion. Hence one gentleman, v ho vifited the {pot about the latter end of July, pronounces the Ghehelion e to D He idu db uh ffokk ni fera*. Another, happening to obtain his fpecimens earlier in the year, fays, that Poa trivialis is the fpecies 4. Another obferver, | bearing ftedfaftly in mind that it has been defcribed as a peculiar =~ grafs, increafes the uncertainty, by declaring that, ** by all the en- : cdita he has made, he has not — that this Toa of me à * See Memoirs of the Bath sien vol. i. p. 93. - : des c Withering’s Bot. Arr. of Britifo Plants, vol, iis p. 144. em ; hen grows Mr Matoni: Obfervation: on the, Orcbefion ong Graf. — 2p - grows ini; any, other partof the. kingdom *,?1, dbis.daft-opinion - indeed..has been moft. general, and it evidently originated fro, om the A ACO) nt given of it in the Jediculus Plantarum. dub. into which it was. copied from Merret’s Pinax, or at leaft, from; How's Phytologia Bri- tannica, (printed in 1650. 2 whereis the earlieft, mention of this phe- nomenon inv etation that’ Ter à fins |, and itis defcribed as * Gramen: 2A HUI, mum, “non defer ipium." -~ Merret, however, re- m si im addition, that it. was fonnd in fome parts of Wales, F ape | Richard that Ray never faw it. But I. am at.length fatisfied that the.long grafs of Orchefton is. not, only, stot: à Ípécies peculiar to the fpot, but that itis. dmpofod: of mof: of iih ints iiid ue im other meadows. |- E . "The meadow: ARPE RESE d Nut Anenii a spares rio eye fituated in theloweft part of a very nartow winding valley, | — ffieltered’ on each fide by gradual but. by no-means lofty acclivities: Of chalk... This valley.forms a channel: for the fréquent. floods. | which'o come down from Tilthead (about three miles diftant) inthe Winter feafo dp: | - aalies nllbidei to big heme : ojia athe: place is rarély other fè char, pou throughout te year. There is one {pring not: half. a mile: diftant, and therefore the water by which the meadow is often fub- mérged, may at: firft be ofia higher: temperature than the: furrounding atmofphere. The‘earlier’ the’ [prings fwell, thé more. ig is be fucceeding! Lac "of grafs, "om MES. iae conftant de Èi Sm g € HIF IC Lk Ed aN ee ; ind = à fe o > Moser Bat Sai, v eoi. p. bs. : Bee fe fete, LO £d tta -4D Withering is incosré& in'callibig the diftánde of Orchefton St. Ming ober ‘Salif buty:19 miles; itis certainly. not!more than 11. The méadow is Sont half: amile pls. vier. ef oSieiitons; tis at.prefe irse Rare Shei of € Que chefton St. "yo wes | $0. Mr. Maron's Olferoaiots on the Orchefton long Grafs. been remarked by the neighbouring inhabitants. A bed of fmali loofe pebbles, which are all of a filiceous nature, with a fcanty co- vering of mould formed from the decompofed relics of former vege- table generations, conftitutes the immediate foil. -> — My laft vifit to Orchefton St. Mary was on the 15th of Auguft laf. I at that time found the following graffes growing in the meadow, viz. Holcus danatus, Lolium perenne, and Agrofis ftalsnifera. All thefe were pretty nearly of the fame length, meafuring about feven feet. They ufually rife, I underftand, about 16 or 17 inches before they fall and run along the ground in knots, which knots fend forth fhoots into the interftices of the pebbles. Moft meadow graffes fo circumftanced with rcfpe&t to foil would probably become knotted. In June, Triticum repens, Avena elatior, Alopecurus pratenfis, and Pea trivialis (palufiris, of Hudfon), are feen thriving fimilarly to thofe fpecies above mentioned. 1 have fpecimens of the laft, which . meafüre nearly ten feet in length. Some of the {pikes of Triticum repens have between forty and fifty glume. Even Conium maculatum, growing in the furrounding hedges, reaches the height of feven or eight feet. Befides graffes, I- have found in this remarkable mea- dow. Symphytum officinale, Convoluulus arvenfis, Potentilla reptans; Ra- nunculus pratenfis, and Ocnantheccrocatas akanai ally {trong and fuc- culer t, and ftrikingly tall. id Si c BW ise OMT ba * ; TOR "The crops of the Orchefton grafs within late years have not by any means equalled what they have heretofore been. Perhaps the gradual deepening of the mould may be the caufe of this, as it mutt deprive the crop more and more of the advantage arifing from the difpofition of the pébbles, which (if I might venture a conjecture) feems to be a very important peculiarity in the fituation. It is cer- tain that the {pace of only two acres andan half das yielded as much as ten tons of hay in one year: "The firt crop has ufually been cut we about Mr. Maron. s On. vation. on the Orchefton Hong, Grafi, . 3r i ' about the end of May, and the fecond in July, or (which is rare) as late as the end of Auguft. The tithes of the meadow have been. rented more than once for 5/. the produce amounting to 25 edt weight of hay. | The herbage of the adjoining meadows, I eave remarked, is very exuberant; and this exuberance may be traced increafing or declining - accordiog a as A foil varies more or lefs from that-of the principal ; meadow. e Àt the diftance of a mile or two miles from Orchefton, but. in the: fame valley, fome of the graffes may be feen to put on an un- common luxuriancy ; ; and I have no doubt that, in proportion as. meadows in other parts of the kingdom approach more nearly in: circumftances and fituation to that of Jeroen the more fimilar- their produce will be found. sits p acides — NIE Dee. vil. Beim ge a new i Spe rep Myctovia, By Gorge Sho, M Mi D. RI ai rDo bos a š $ i: ev y i > » fit * Tti Ets 60g +» Po Yd 3 i ISt : Hali POR Mil ifo T A = ise > ee Sf iO re din. Tu following is a. piena oe a C 9f. ' d L Saliru, t the fkin of. which Was tranfmitted. to me, yim exami-, nation. by the. Rev, Mr, Racks ". L.S. who jeetived it from Mre Bryer, of Weymouth... fit 36 didi c ave lS It is faid to be a native of smh The leave ced the tip: of the bill to the ends of the claws, was fix feet, two inches. The bill was thirteen inches in length, which is alfo the meafure of that. of the common Jabiru. The neck was fifteen. inches. The body . twelve inches. The naked part of the thigh eleven inches; the _ feathered or flefhy part four inches. The Ente oi oneinch. The leg thirteen inches and a half. The foot, to the tip of the middle toe five inches and a half. The two outfide toes are about an inch . fhorter than the middle ones "back toe fcarcely quite two . inches. A very flight spirroach. tardo a femipalmated appearance takes place at the firk joint: the claws are fmall and blunt. The bill 1s pale or whitith at the bafe for near three inches from the fet- ting on of the upper mandible, and one inch and a half from the . lower: then fucceeds a broad black zone acrofs both mandibles, about three inches wide; well defined on the back part, but fome- . what irregular in front. From this part the bill is pale, with a "flight caft of reddifh for about two inches, and from thence grows : |; atii ted or of a vermilion colour to the tip. On each fide the | 6 bafe "SES. by — — of, Myéteria, | 88 upper mandible isa large femi-oval and femitran{parent fpace, which, ‘at its bacl: part; is continued upwards in’a curved. dire&ion: acrofs | the fore. part.of the eye,’ -A little way down the upper part.of. the : bill rons. abate: flattened. part, fomewhat in the manner of the. cere in the; Fuse and other birds of that tribe: . The, whole head and — neck are black, and covered with. feathers, which, onthe head, feem ` to have been. d fei i-fetofe- on. the front, but. fomewhat | or ahd larger on. the, occiput, Thofe, on, the. neck are.ovate- lanceolate and of the ufual ftru&ure, or as in the generality of birds, The plumage: ofthe, ;breaft, back, thighs, &c. aie. alfo.of the ufual - ftructure; but much, more inclining to a rounded than. lanceolate form. The wings were’ wanting: the fhoulders alone remaining, for about the length.of four inches; they were covered with white fea- thers, ‘Thedfcapulars, wi ich; iwere lefton'each fide, were. black, with whitifh bafes : they were about fifteen. inchesinlength. The whole remainder of the bird was white. "The tail was entirely wanting, "i: Beneath the bafe ofthe bill, on the fkinny or gular part, were fitu- . ateditwo very {mall pear=thapec pendant wattles,: adhering’ by/very fmall necks: they were feated at about three quarters of an inch - from each other, and in the. dried fpecimen were of a fubftance re- fembling ifinglafs.- The Tegs are extremely long, and the thighs, -to'a diftance nearly equal to that of the leg itfelf, are.quite bare. "Phe whole leg and thigh of a black colour, except. that round the knee, as well as round es joint of thetoes, isà pale band or zone |. "The whole length of the leg and thigh is coated 3m. recu. longitudinal. fcales or divifions, | : ‘Tfthis bird. lbe collated with: the d deferipron of the ape: fpecies. It approach "much ‘more Heyt to the . Myéeria A or: New vote joes ee in Mw net ii e isate Dos: is a d ^: d | - ind $34 Dr. Snaw's Defcription of a new Species of Myéteria. appearance of the membranaceous or femitranfparent part on each fide of the upper mandible. "The colours alfo both of the bill and legs are widely different from thofe of the New Holland Jabiru ; but it agrees with that fpecies in having the head and neck covered with | feathers. Of the New Holland fpecies a beautiful fpecimen may be feen in the Leverian Mufeum, which, however, feems not to have - quite attained to its full fize, fince it falls fhort of the meafurements ipei. in- fome — executed — Holland fiom p recent bird: i o DS In eret. to udate as miach as pottible ied curious ene 1 Mal conclude with giving the fpecific characters of all the three birds above mentioned. It is to be obferved, that in the Syftema Nature no fpecific charaéter is given of the MyZeria Americana or Common Jabiru; that being then the only fpecies known to exift. It is now aoa to lun. one for that poicci; 3 viz. v ks ome m a . Ge WE MycrERIA ee ate. ES cM. alba, capite colloque nudis nigris, zona colli inferioris rubra, | -© .occipite guru: roftro pedibufque nigris, > American Jabiru.. . White Jabiru, with the head and neck naked and black; a red te "odi round the lower part of the neck ; the occiput | whi hitifh ex ti e bill and legs black. 2. MYĆTERIA Apih ; M. be capa colloque viridi-nigris ; tectricibus, pennis jell 5 ribus Ren nigris; roftro nigro, pedibus rubris. , New Holland Jabiru. T White Jabiru, with the head and neck green-black ; ds coverts, eagle, and tail black ; the bill black, the legs red. ; a. de TERIA Cy Lr Een An. FAE z reno V. bab 3. p35. T co CU AE Suaw^ Defripimsf a new Species of Miri. ÅM dac ode Ae 3. MYCTERIA Senegalenfis. AE ag y ; | roftro apicem verfüs rubro, bafin verfus albido fafcia ur gra, macula utrinque feneftrata, fies erate T don n of the peg of f this E: | A = i D ; , i F * 2. * vin. d pesca to the Pine iai p in 1 the Second } d y snc thele Fr amsfections: -By Robert Tesfdele, : Bfp P. E po tog} tamen e bas ened Shovlaryw 3osid 8 atiis tarde Bek See rS Read December 4, bd HR - a TP — = dons ha E E i E. n : : "HET ainnean ichigo bed un e up sy P place in the .. Second Volume of their. Tranfaétion E p. 1o03, a paper en- . titled, Plante Eboracenfes, I now bee leave to lay before them, as an = . addition to that paper, the fol logu of Yorkfhire plants : the county, this is own obfervations, and re plants as have not fallen ned, as natives of the county, Dickfon, and seta ~ under our ober Py Rar Dile ¥ [ in meto M sive that this lift, and my thing like a complete Flora of fo extenfive tter myfelf the Society will do me the honour towards it, and wiíh. they may be the means. f peri. iem to finifh what I have oniy eS, Im ing the Comendn plants omittat con- ; iu el 2 ius w * tain about nine hundred. and ten. xe exclufive of the Crypt: . gamia; and of thefe enumerated, though feveral extenfive gane are left out, there are about four : hundred and fifty. —^— "Eháve travelled over, and fcrutinized, at different times, the greater part of the county; and the part which is celebrated for the more rare. plants, that is, Ingitboptingit ‘Hill, and its neighbourhood, ‘has; been vi ifited yby almoft all the curious botanifts of the laft and prefent: age; otwith Randing, many plants may yet remain un- difcovered, asit is well known by every practical botanift, that the more rare ones are extremely local, and of courfe are frequently over- looked by the moft accurate Obferyers. In fa&, the botanizing | of mountains is a laborious bufinefs ; and they can only be minutely” aman by perfons who are nearly refident, as Ed vilits should. be frequent, « and at. all feafons of th ! TB learned: Dr. Gooden ov ugh | having, in his excHllent | paper o on the Britifh fpecies of Cares: , changed Íome of their trivial names, and: added Dor new f| v fpecies it was as prefumed i it would be the: moft eligible Vidc we have- met With à i the of them are © conteitied j in ny. ewit s TE Revie now Pager Te. mames of the i ingenious Mr. Mende in kibat, genus, | _ Turnham opas ird e 3d ET LI dL 4 GNER eri P ki : E esa s Fora odi. contes Dip contains 795; exclufive vot the C yg > ogai x erro? be Zu Ti tani Mr. Tepepane n Supplement to the Plante Bhiu oven at 37 4 . 3$ Mr. 'TetspALE's Supplement to the Plante E boracenfes. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crocus fativus +. - =. Hudf. 13. With. 68. a About Halifax. Rev. Mr. W ood. in m Hid. 12. --W th; 65. <=>: Old walls, in various towns; probably as much à native of Yorkfhire as any | other county. e albus. Hudf. 16. Cas tb. 8o... px ! Bogs near Turington, growing among a . the S. albus; rare. Wib74. | .. Houghton-moor, near Newbold, in the Eaft-riding. . Marfhes, near Beverley. Rr AX er cot. not an uncommon plant. — maritimus - aa 21. With. Aii .. Ditches, and in the Lake at Homfea, Near Hull abundantly. Biophorum polyftachion Wib.72. Leers t1. f. 5. sym. T ES a < BUCH ane Finis in P pL ^ ! | Mr. Dickfon , Was the firft of our Britith . authors who pointed out the diftinctions between this and the E. anguftifolium, in Tranf. Linn. Soc. vol. 2. p. 289. Oi. I have frequently found plants of this genus, fome hermaphrodite, and others dioicous; and in a more forward ftate of their growth, I have obferved fome with | long, - 1 Valeriani rubra - ` i Schoenus fufcus? - sey Scirpus pauciflorus de ^ x Mr. Tepspace’ s Supplement t fo the be vied dace. 39 : R ‘Alopecurus bulbofus - ; Fig UE a aud, í d dr abo c y e Vea Š : Agroftis pumila - . maritima Aira montana - cxfpitofa - Feftuca loliacea - =fubra - dumetorum " i aug | long, and a with fhort down. It is probable there may be another fpecies. - DIGYNIA.. B geniculatus. Hudf 27. With. 120. Places where water ftands in the Winter, — Near Hull. OPE Lighif. Frontifpiece, vol. 2. Heaths near Harrowgate. dE 132. Sea-fide. Bridlington Giay- Ê fetacea. Hudf. 35. | Houghton-moor. D Var. 2.vivipera, With, 196 Mountains in the Weft-riding. This always continues the: pni andèr: cul a tivation. ` " With. 157. Miseni Near A Hudf. 45. JWiüb.1$3. Leers-t. sf f. Hesths: Dry Paftures. Flamborough | Hud( 46. Wit. 151.. Lerty fos On walls. Beverley. - Huif 46. With. 151. Turf walls, Dry Banks. ne ue Wolds With 154. Meadows, Side of hedges. Rare. RBS | St q62. P JA ME Sipplemint fo Ibe Plate Eloracenfés. | Pos märama enc (42. With, 147. | | ER Hornfea. Banks of the Humber at Hull. dita. w eke ERE, "ar Brno : peor : T 3 — —Yórkfhire. — Wale 5 ee ee “glauca = i =" e pratenfis. Hudi. With 48, cotes. Ingleborough Hill, and other mountains. vivipara atte pipraten tis. Huaj. | E S s v sd Angleborough and other hills... nemoralis -+= With, d B.angufifolia. Huds Son Se A On lage adjoining to woods, at Cafile- erata ^ - e With. 14g. Qm eiii Linn, Hud; 33: _ Sandy heaths, and paftures. _ - : | Mapua. With. 138. . € bout Settle and Ingleton. — — Hudf. 54e KolMmerofti arenaria. With.123 3. : | Hornfea;. Bridlington Quay. Elymus See - Hudf. 56: < With, 170. pu : : In, the Sands at Hornfea, ane Brid- Melica montana, x od "eb AUR arenaria. ` very. garaia which is not b tall nor eue s: 4 large as the other which i is lefs glaucous. | Sefleria coerulea = E TAQ. Cynofurus coeruleus, Hudf. 59. Boo 5 uM ..Limeftone rocks. Ingleborough. Settle. able VY oP WO dcin wit iw Angleton, im | " — SURE * Triticum junceum — - Hid: 58. . With. 174. 5 d X ees -> Sea-fide, Hornfea. SANE E junceum. Huy. With the ‘above $ : = Trticum - Mr. ‘TEESDALE’ u. ujpenem to the Pise: rperafir. 4t Triticum loliaceum = Eng: Bot. 221. Tri iticum mar timum. Wi th Poa loliacea, Hud/: 43. - pec rcm — . .Sea-fhore Not common. ‘Lolium arvenfe - - Wih. 168. | $ iait . Walkington fields. -- Near Beverley, Smith in Tranf. Linn. Soc. vol. 4. p. 281. ^ Petes: fecalinus ES T : ton. Near York. racemofus = — . Meadows at Beverley, : Thavea variety much fmaller in the whole `. habit; the upper part of theftraw and pa- d | micleare purple. It grows in wet maríhes P x "TIL ee Beverley, and is the only fpecies of the genus I ever obferved i in that kind offituation. I fhewed 1 my fpecimens of this plant to the learned Dr. Smith, who ro free informed me, they were Abe true B. ra- : us H s cemofus of Linneus ^ a. s Corn-f élde at Little Weighton, amongft Ti mM cr , Where i it was fix feet high, o VII. ok ‘This i is rare. What I have named B. ar- — venfis in my former paper, were fome large Wants of the B. racemofus. ee EE M at AW M onde i el aes a erectus es ` Wolds, "Very common; “fone: get x Ra uM ran ~ near Newbold, almoft wholly.of it. ©” | uu oen T je yellow, or orange-coloured Anthera, | "iles iier orem this from all its conger 3 VoL; E TETRAN: eck. og ee i ; : "Corn-fields at Bulmer. Market Weigh- P - 42. Mr. Te2sDALE'S Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfes, ONDE TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Dipfacus pilofus - - e 61. With. 182. DM "Woods near Beverley. Colonel Machell. ! ; "Various places in the North-riding. Centunculus minimus — Hadj, 63. With. 198. $ | i | Houghton-moor, the fide next to New- bold. I have not heard of this being gg ied A - found i in-any other part of the County: | Plantago-maritima e y . Had 64. - cu cerit n leoa Ne Mountains near Settle. | | Galium erectum -. - Hudf 68. With. 189. Moift meadows. and paftures near X Helmíley. Rare. Fm EL AMOR Near Letkonfield. Rare. montanum - cO PO EM | stip Pa um x Walkgton N Wood, near "Beverley. anglicum. — - Hudf. 69. With. 191. . Near Boynton, the Seat of Sir George | QUod Bart. Mr.Knowlton, F.L. 3 Da vi eme ers. Ms m ce awe Sek Nes TE TRAGYNIA. Sega en. = ~ With. 216. . f procumbens. Hud/. 73+ | E Corn-ficlds.. On walls. -Potamogeton marinum. Hadj. 26. Mec Ditches at the garrifon at Hulk. marinum Vaill. 1. 32. .3. iuo = Ditches near the fea at Hornfea. eae on, MF. 'TEESDALE'; Suppleent to the Plante Eboracenfes. 43 Obf: 1 take this to be very. different from the common P. marinum. Vaillant's figure | isa good reprefentation. Potamogeton paluftre - foliis inferioribus fubmerfis lanceolatis mem- branaceis feffilibus, fuperioribus ovali- : lanceolatis. petiolatis coriaceis natan- s gid MA : Er aes i j fibus. s "- Ditches near Beverley. O5. ‘This has generally been taken for a var. of the P. natans. m is PENTANDRIA MO NOGY NIA. aut Anchufa fempervirens -.. Hudf. 80. With. 227. PON $^ ccs I MR ERE road between Settle and Ingleton. Primula elatior: - ~ With. 234. f. vulgaris. Hudf, 84. " OC MES ee . Under, .hedges— Sides of Paket not Tag abia ae VET. common. Convolvulus Soldanella Hu 89. With. 240. | Owthorn, on the Holdernefs coaft, where it has been found by Henry ` Grimfton, Efq. F. L.S. Lyfinachia bris - Had 86. With. 237. : DJ stum 05 OA the Eaft-riding. Rays Syn. | geo z could not find it, but it may poflibly be | ^ 35 à there,-as there are large tracts of marth 239814 (sui ul o cibriafis Wands, the kind of fituation it is faid to > NE oic ROBE e ES ru | CUL e^ | Ga. ge es LT Poleno. 44 Mr. TrespArt’ 5 Supplement to the Planta Blordcinfe Se Polemonium ceruleum | Hudf. 89.- Wi 2A 241. Eng. Bot. 14. TORAS ~ Near Settle. Ingleton. Malham Coves- Hg Ribes alpinum. "c ul Hu 99. With 264. Rog d | = - . On the walls of Fountains Abbey. . Ribesfpicatum =- `- With. 265, Linn. Tranf: vol. 3. pe 240. t. 21» Near Richmond. Mr. Robfon,in Tranf.. - ci Ge PR MM ES the ] Linnean E E er the Northern pe of the county. Wenfleydale.- mene Hudf, or. With. 268. t ; Bus - Seaíhores Banks of the Humber.. | Vinca minor tS Hudf. Ql. . With. 268. ‘ TH D Kirkham abbeys, : and Weftow.. SESSSSENLI OO pos Mr. Grimfton. bii Uer A Campanula hederacea — Hud. 97. With. 244. | | l Near Halifax.. Mr. Bolton, in Hudf.. Anagallisccerulea — - Heffm. Germ. FI. 70. 4. arvenfis.. Zudf, 87». SN m o corn- - field f Glaux maritima. Bee Aana i- uds n aede x xs itfelf n years.in. the weed En » garden at Londefbrough, and that it - never varies : I therefore prefume it may. -be a diftin& fpecies, though. I do not. —perceive the difference in. the calyx, P EET . mentioned by. Hoffman, Verbafcum nigrum. -~ ud. 9o. With, 250. | — —- North, and Weft-ridings, in many places. 3 Rhamnus Frangula, - Hudf. 98. With, 2 59. | ; E rsen & os Houghton- E ‘Tepspane’ ^ PT to the Plante Eboracenfes. 45 L Houghton-moor. "This is rather a rare plant in the North of England, but is hes die Co sue; Very common in all the hedges ii in fome NE ——. R mu. | E of Wiltthire. ` ; aee | DIG vita, a i NIU Wih. 213. - | open Head. Col. Machell.. Beta maritima - - — Hudf. 108. With. 277. Iu dut ‘Bridlington’ Quay. cra Y Érynguim dnon. Hudf, 109. With. 283. TAN Bok oat _Hornfea, fparingly. Hollym in Holdernefs, : a compete - - Hulk want Math 28... 0C ; of essc 2 Below Melling, plentifally. Hadr" condim dedican Ha IL With. 285... — NearStockton, Yorkshire. Mr. ee = — pulis =- : Eza II fe With. 293. . Caucalis nens. ib: sge iss With. eg SE . Ue aa c AE Corn- fields near Milton’ Torn This is C. Rh etn in my former. ae ae A SQ PSPER £10 nodofa - (Hali Iba ‘With, 289. ." : VM I E d 2 en nodofum, in my former paper. ETIAM " E un = ai Wall roots... Gravelly corn-fields, | Wih. 289. . ‘Scandix ar Buf. pe Garrifon walls at Hull. O > Fa in With. 306. - x J " LN . fcandicina - Scandix odorata -. - > be 46 aM. "TriibA E's Sapplemens to ie Planta Eboracenfes, dii dropping. well is. Near Leeds. $ - Mr. Wood, in Withering.. > Smyrmiun olufatrum | - Es 126. Wih.310. Eng. Bot. 330. - ^ ^ "Near Beverley, rare. About Scarbo-- m ind rough Caftle. Hud/. Athamanta Meum - Nel 116. Linn, Ethufa Meum. With. AMO Sas ee Ihe. mountainous parts. of the Weft- i aaepe - ding, varingly. = CarumCari — - ee 196. JP'ub.4r1 — ame’, "Meadows adjoining the river Humber | — near Hull, fo plentifully that the poor people gather the feed to difpofe of to the druggifts. en x 1: On the Wolds near Londeforough. Pimpinella magna = Wb. gr. uem “major. Hudf. 127. Gost ASPECTOS About Knarefborough. Helmfley. Caftle . Howard. . Richmond. Retz. With, 312. um | On the pinine Beverley. Apium graveoleñs `- High ; uU diffe&a . o. ONDSENURO NDENNCC --Maríhy peers near — Hull, |. Sim repens : Soh Oxon. 97. With. 300. ! ! eR aede -Ditches about Beverley. Oenanthe crocata =- sri 121. With. 302. | eae 6 Foie and EUN m the North- | ~ TA 16 YNIA. | . Sambucus Ebulus = Hudf. 130. Wi th. 316 a N 6 aa < Lund, Mr, TEEsDALE's Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfis, a7 | ` Lund, in the Faft-riding. . Many places j in the North-riding. - Staphylea pinnata — - Hugf.- 13%. Wib 317. . petisset oo t: Hedges near Pontefraét. * Si TE TRAGY Y NI A. | Parnaffia 1 = s ds Jud. 131. With. 319. ES vt Wet ais Paftures, and Bis. | PENTAGYN I 4. Statice Armeria - - Hudf. 132. With. 319. Sea coaft. "Humber banks. Inglebe- Sree Hill. | fe ios US d a -—a d e ee ae ^ m 3 | HEXAND RIA MONOGYNIA. Galanthus nivalis = With. 3 3, - ! Hedges,, and orchards: = = probably [^ NCC. Convallaria majalis fede - mcd a: y Knarefborough. _ Woods in Craven. Mr. Caley in With.. multiflora. ae 147. With. 542. . : ` Woods, at Studley Park.. E "Helks-wood, at Ingleton,. ` and. other | TAE said rocky ‘woods, near Settle. e ; 7 wood. Curtis. Narciffus piflorde = | Linn. Eng. Bet. 276. With, 332 is "ee = - Banks of the river Wherf, at Thorp-- d. "amos. in meing. Mr. Knowlton. Píeudo-- 7 | 49 — . Mr. TEESDALE's Supplemen Yo the Plante: Eboracen ifes. | Pfoudo-Narciffas - ES Bot. ams Hudf. 141. With. 432 | X diro PER: the above, at Thorp-arch. | Juncus campeftrisx=: C B ‘Linn, Fl. Lapp. 4. 10. f. 2s | uo iess Maríhes, and bogs, near Beverley. I have fown the feeds, and it does not | vary. 3 At is ase (as the figure quoted above / Whews) ! T m the Gramen hirfutum ela- teu juncea compacta. R. Syn. 416. which I believe will likewife be - — found to be a diftin& fpecies. “Ihave not cultivated this, fo as to be fatisfied of it. J. campeftris, var. elatior. Sibth. 3 fylvaticus z eee IŞTI. q maximus. Vith, 349. — € mu "od Ponds, at Rit neu ruo : Allium Scboenopráfum With 335. — Meadows, near Kirby-moor-fide, "d us ces in With. — ee a “Bing re jocis. at i Coine t Kiln- : = suh "dapi Ortis o s Ornithogalum umbellatum Hudf. 143: With. 337. = : — a field, near- — € Mr. » ! . Robfon, i in With. Intom inan 143. With. 336. e ^Wellburn, near K irbycitidosdide: Mr. S E i004 Grimfton. Near Greta-bridge, and ue VOIE. : -- . Bignal, Mr. TEESDALE' "i Sipleman. jo the Plante BM. 49 eu R: Syn. and Mr. Robfon. Near : >. 05 Doncafter.. Mr. Tofield.» Under Mal- M mi bus + woh . ham Cove. Mr. Wood, in With, ions TRIGYNIA.. Triglochin smarting s Ht 152. With 359.. 51158 359 0E 7c m 561 T) Sea-fide. Humber banks, at Hull. Rumex digynus - 207 wu. 156. With. 357. Mountains; in the North and Weft rat bas 1: Ridings. . maritimus omo Hud. 155. With. 356. | : r5 53997 bes Hino Mon engage near Beverley. aureus - A | With. 356." B. maritimus. Hug. das - With the above, at Woodtianfey, Cülcbicum sei apii v E 157. With. 359. Near Ferrybridge. Knarefborpugh. South : Dalton. - FAT. egi i UU e ‘Porte PNIA PETTUWE Alifma natans us VPE 158... With, 362. | ! Lake at Hornfea, „Ihave not feen it in : fowér d on n ranunculoides, | "nd i T Wi th. 362. Ze B ranunculoides. Hudf. | (cocus. Ditches, near Beverley, lanceolata -= With 362. P. A. plantago, Zug/. o Mahe n near PTT 105 AIN etic = ge ECL ar. Vor. V, Ey H 20 OCTAN- MISSOURI BOTANICAL "t GARDEN. so Me. 'TEESDALE'S . SERENAN fo tbe Plante KEA | OCTA NDRIA. MO NOG Y NIA, pilabur dieron | Hadf. x64 With, 368. 4145 .c Weeds, near Beverley ; and.in the North. Riding. | alpinum - Bud 163. With. 368. Sides “of rivulets i the mountainous | Kaaki parts oft the Weft Riding. Near Settle.. Chlora a perfoliata- With. 309. Aud. 168. Cubo 7 -- Upon the ‘Wolds, near Beverley. Be - tween Doncafter and Perrybridges | Vaccinium Vitis-idæx . gm. 164) With. 971. 7 7090 1s vot -y Heaths in the North and Weft Ridings. Near Harrowgate. - Erica vulgaris = - lgaris => a ‘Varieties with white flowers, on heatha near Cetrdix - = ee : pA c AER ^ sfoRinDiOsS MIONA SEMEL NA — E : | ; TRIGYNWIA Polygonum minus + Hud/. EZ. 1.148. With, 380. TEM xe peor man Syn near r Beverley, | ina place (0010 Witere water ftands'in the Winter. : Vida Hd 169. v in Jh. TN : | Near Settle. Mr. Knowlton, — Curtis. M fany aah rer 23 " vl A d uw x i vee a r n TE Ue i | bach. Pos | eer a E p "isti ve OF Tf: GC -x EA ^ E } 3109 2AXBÍ DECANDRIA MONOGY nia . Pyrolaminor = - Hudi176. With 401. — s * . PS OP NET Woods CES m SS =s ED m "Y pM Sagi 4 * x zt. JU wid. E v 3 , A wn ee ty "Woods at "Hackfall. adeood. Near Clapham." AREMO Salang Prgin fein: 4i es Haflewood, tear r Sir Walter Vavafor's 8 Park. SE ARTE 7 AR. Syn 7 ET Andromeda polifolia - Had iibi Wi th. A rye? A dadaa t " i zá um ber Hipp rem oh ef? rae à ‘4 ^ RTT „Upon the hills above Keighley, aridabun- : intly “on all that ridge of mountains Hench | | which feparates Yorkíhire from Lan- cafhire.. -Mr. Knowlton., T | di Bogs near Howden. Arbutusuva uni +) Hudh 177. With. 399. - ES. "uode DIGYWIAL - HJ Ite pm j Jan One ia dbi Specimens, from near Halifax. Saxifraga umbrofa _ - With. 463. "wa - feo inia T4 :Reddiüs' Gill, near Keighley. ber i 5) 53 5 is | ). With. 402.7 Thefe > are din on .' oppofitifol: bet imo. a4 the rocky moun- à VER - Hug. dizoides. With. $ tains in the Wett hypnoides MAGUS | Riding. On Ingle-- neus Curtis.” pom Nw MM .j ‘borough, Hinkle- dp #8001 : hau a ‘Malham Cove, and in various SVE abri onde ie, a village | between York. | — and Márket Ud erae Cottingh am- eu” BL. Te - Didius cay Hudti84. in AF bel | Ha ji Hire With. 410. : z Oh the walls, at F ountains Abbey. TRIGT- 052 Mr. "TEESDALE' Supplement. to the Plantae Ebaracen Gs. s aT RIGY NIA. Silene nutans = ee Hudf. 188. With. 41 3. | ois U O23 ,n-the rocks, about Kasse cathy amoena - Hudf. +88. S. maritima. With. Alte. ‘Sea-fide, 'at Hernfea; | : Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 141. S. glauca. — 420. » 1g on) ip oe) Ja: Hs uMarfhes, near Beverley. Firft pointed I moi astridse ae ISN ontto me by Col, Machell, | uliginofa ` Wi th ‘420. y- S. graminea. Hudf 199. | “Marthes.’ Sides of ditches. Arenaria peploides = E 191. JFib.421. Eng. Bor. 189. PRH Saul ! At Horníea. Bridlington Quay. verna - Mountains, about Settle. T . - .laricifola? - E 192 -Stellaria media = - UN " 3e * w. 5 B^! Haiti UPENTAGYNIA. Cotyledon lutea à ~ Hudf.194. With. 426. | " Walls, and rocks, in the Weft Riding, — alii i man in Milia bus ose j "Wn enn med T North and debut ber db „Weft Ridings. anglicum | ^ dem E 196. With. 428... S. rubens. Light Lf eR x Rocks, i in the Weft Riding. Near Har- T CUP S as _Towgate ta villofim - - — Hudf. 197... Wi ith 426. Ingleborough; Hinklehaugh, Hartfide His i in-the Weft po Ceraftium Me. "'RESDALE's Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfic. 53 Ceraftium femidecandrium Hud/ 200. With. 435. | Barnby-moor, near Pocklington: this is od not a common plant in Yorkthire. arvenfe’ - ° Hudf. 201. ' Borders of corn-fields. | aquaticum Hus 202. With. 436. Dude — - Sides of ditches, near Beverley. Spergula laricina - Hua. 203. Lighif. S. faginoides. Curtis, | : .. S«fubulata. | With-436. K % Barnby-moor. Near Pocklington. Rare. HE et gie : DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA: z: Euphorbia ftricta - Eng Bot 33 4. E. verrucofa, Z4. n9. BUS Cos fu | With. 449. ae Yo rk. E Syn. z 4608 ANDRIA MO NOGY N14. 4 Prunus Padus. - - Hug. “313 With. 455. —— ¢ eae ae . Woods, and hedges, in the North andi . Weft Ridings. About Ingleborough. ^ - Curtis,, 3 3lÉacnpiq avo ig rii DIGYNIA, Crategus Aria = Had). 214. With. 458. rM ` Mountainous .párts of the North and: es = Weft Ridings. Knarefborough. EEE (PENTAGYNLA Spiræa : falicifolia. - Wi, 464. Jet e) In Ss Mr. TEESDALE’ $ Supplement to. the Plata Eboracenfes. Ina hedge heteen. Green Hammerton and. _ .Knarefborough, far from any houfe or garden; and as Dr. Withering informs us that it has been fouad in Weftmore- land and Cumberland, I have now ven- tured to add it toour Y orkíhire pte POLYGYNIA.. R ofa villofa à Oe be. — 1o. With. 466. nt: ware isc Woods, hedges, and fhady fituations— = TS verycommon. . Rubuschamzmorüs - Zu 221. With. 47I. y ; In peat earth, on the tops of che e higheft hills. Ingleborough. Kirby Fell; Founs. | tains. Bulfworth. Hinklehaugh. Geum intermedium . ~ Curtis. JG. rivale. var.2. With. 478. = ^ . "Woods in the North Riding. Walk- y= ington-wood, near-Beverley ; found aR there by the Rev. Mr. Rigby. Potentilla fruticofa - Had 222. Wib. 472. 2x | um the. South Bangs of the Tees, below" hus edle eis ss cain Pherpe;-and Eggleíton Abbey, and Jigucigdoks ui 12006 catio nd Greta Bridge, and Mickle- SIN ` force "Teefdale. R. Sys. It ftill grows - abundantly i in the above PE Mr. dS IR * .. Robfon, in Wri th. Dryas oftopetala_ xe - 7 Hudf,. 226. With. 478. Ami v Ona rocliff Clowder, in Littendale, near - Kilnfay. Curtis. Near Settle. Dr. Fell. ` In the Craven part of Yorkfhire. Mr. . . Wood. Withering. CAT C E + dct ed = d. dd =é ba ad terit pep A T ^v 3 w: QU NS n Mr, TEESDALE': Supplement to tbe Plane Eberacesjes, — 65 POL YANDRIA MONO GYNIA. — Chelinium glaucium Hudf.229. Wi th. 484. -Sea-fide, in various places.’ Hornfea.. Bridlington Quay. PE NTA G YNIA. ; ‘au vulgaris — Sut à 235. ‘With. 495. dw o Weftwood, at Beverley. Upper part of Girling Trough, near Coniftone, Kilp- - _fay. Curtis, POLYGYNIA. Anemone Pulfatilla ` - Hip 237. With. 498. | 2213730. 1521 d / Dry paftures, in the neighbourhood of , —* Pontefract. - "Phalidrum minus - pes 238. With. sor. ya fe pagan: About Settle, base: In- "poe. pgi With, 502 aeg. « xu i uns -Holdernefs, br M Mr. Knowlton : he cannot recolle& the- exact fpot. Helleborus fotidus =- Aud 245. With. 510. mW ee T E WIRT. E. Ad uf pe aom o mete cdm fr k sk A d Mentha fylveftris pes L Bie 249i p^ 521. ^u At Thorn. Mr. Robfon, in Withering. p osinditolio - L 251. Wh, 522.” Near - In Lanes. át Campfall, near Doncafter. 56 .. Mr. T&ESDALE'y Supplement io the Plante Eboracenjes. ^ Near Saltburn, by the fea, in a dry fandy _ place... Mr. Robfon, in Withering. Mentha pulegium + Wet comimons, Near Terrington. Galeopfis villofa ~-= Hudf 256. - G. grandiflora. With. 528. Sandy corn-fields. Not uncommon. Tetrahit >» r Hudf. 257. G. cannabina. With, $29. . s a . Corn-fields, between Beverley and Sanc- — J ASS AS “Near Green Hammerton. Galeobdolon Tuten - - ` Hadj 257. With. 530. : Woods; at Bingley. Mr. Knowlton. : Stachys arvenfis - Hudf. 260. * With. $32. | » Common, in light arable land. Neat i ; Malton. , Walkington, near Beverley. Leonurus Cardiaca = _ Huif: 261. With. 5 34- pe ... + Between Tickhill and Workfop. Huif. Origanum Onites . . . Had 262. O. vulgare. var. 2. With. $35. ar About Clapham. Mr, Caley, in With, Meliffa Calamintha. - -. Hudf. 263. With. 538. Piy banks, near JO Burton, - ab du E — tiia : i " pe F b t E >t &. "e Kn | ANGIOSPERMLA. Orobanche elatior - i ranf. Linn. Soc. vol. 4. 178. : ~ This is the O. major, in my former paper Melampyrum e criftatum Hudf. 269. With. 544. | Among corn, at Waltonfeld, near | ^ Wakefreld. - With, © ~~~ pratenfe Haudf. 270. Withsas. —— boracenfes, — 37 — at Beverley. At North au r. Richardfon. Wiican Seas duh at Caftle Howard. - Antirrhinum Beine ce. ded 271. With..549. n walls at Londefbrough, where it was mU. planted: “by the late Mr. Knowlton, (4-7 ce 7 cand is naturalized, as on the walls London. meni to the Planie E minus. - Malton, and W alkington fields. ; ; majus - Garden walls, and churches, in and near _ towns, : TETRADYNAMIA S$ILICULOS A. Myagrumfativum ~ Bud. SM Moenchia fativa.- With. save ss — Er — did this plant; in- 3 se ‘troduced with it. I have frequently + + feen it mixed with foreign flax feed. Bunias Cakile - > bo d 298. With. 562. E AE the Since aua aont : “Settle, Ingleton, and Malhdi T 4 his i in the fame fituations as the laft, but fparingly. On a rock near the minit o E on thë weft 59 My TE ESDALE's Supplement to the Plantee Ebordcenfes, fide. Mr. Woodward. With. Rofeberry - Coppin. Mr. Robfon. rise latifolium - Zu 279. With. OKS : Amongft the rocks at Plumpton, Ia Í | | the neighbourhood of Knarefborough. Thlafpi arvenfe — -~ Hid. 281. With. 569. C om ge Gen leido, between Londefbrough and Shipton. Mr. Knowlton. | campeftre - Stay fields. Not uncommon. - montanum - Hudf. 282. With. 570. — Mountainous paftures, about Settle, and Ingleton. Near the ebbing and flow- S ing Well Hudf. | . alpeftre = Eng. Bot. 81. With. 570. . ©- -c> ->i Moift limeftone paftures, about Settle. Cochlearia officinalis - Hudf 283. With. 572. | | Sea-fhore. Ingleborough Hill. groenlandica Ingleborough Hill. Flamborough Head. Armoracia Banks ciai rivers. Beverley. "O O O O o a LSN o oo o SILIQUOSA Cardamine bellidifolia Hua. 293- “With. 677. ~ | z Said to grow in various places, about Ripon, in R. Syn. I could not meet ut Swithat. = =: impatiens Sides of rivulets in the North and Weft. Ridings. About Settle, Near Richmond. flexuofa - With, se : | I hare Mr. Tass DALE’ s «Supplement to the Planta dinner 59 I have ee gathered in the North .. Riding, but cannot recolle&t the place. Sifymbrium fylveftre - Huif 296. With. 581. | . Marfhes, and fides of ditches, at Beverley. war "Near Leeds. Mr. Wood, in With. terreftre Ll E 582... Curt. 289. jee ~ At Cottingham. _ es ap — Hud 287. With. 586. : . Old walls, about towns. Hudf..292. . With. 587. TT Sandy dn banks. On walls. "Turritis hirfuta = Lei Adi agr. Wah. 589. Arabis thaliana >- -Qn the Wolds, near Beverley, and many — -other places. Hudf. 289. With. 591. > “Sea cliffs at Staiths. . Mr. Robins in With, "Braffica oleracea 4 i 1 oo Hudf 29 p 592. Siynbrium mu- ai Ker FE! T rale. s Linn. ? Garrifon walls at Hull. Old wails at Malton. ys ean » fermen. A d $- - OMONADELPHIA. DECA NDRIA. jr: An i o. 254 pi Geranium aa H 300. With. 609. Craven. R. Syn. Hornfea. With. ^ phaum. = = : | “In woods, about Settle, and Ingleton. | Ue wi E Woods, and bres near r the Wherf, at | sp P | Bolton. 60 Mr. TEESDALE's Supplement- ta the Plante Eboracenfas. ^ Bolton. “Mr. Knowlton. About Settle, and Ingleton. - Geranium m Banks of the river, between Bingley and Keighley... Hudf. ludum - Walls, and ftony places, in the North and ` Weft Ridings. columbinum I have Specimens which I colleéted in the | m ig, but cannot recollect the | puflum. = Linn jarion Sibth. Fl, Oxon. Ray’ 5 Sane Syn. t. 16. f. 2. “Gandy banks, at Bridlington Quay. Kexby Bridge, near York. T TA 25. xt p^ A 5E I s x E - ae te ee i E DIADE LPHIA HEXANDRIA. ' Fumaria capreolata - With. 621. F. officinalis. @. capreolata. - Hudf 309. ‘ iai ade at Pesce and à Thorpe- pu € Among ee folks d Stonehall, Sob sates | fes — Mr. Wood, in With. — DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA, Ulexeuropeus - - f Gud Genifta fpinofa minor. Park. 1003; = ON heaths, i in the deme ume of the county. Z OY, m Mr. TEESDALE' £ Senis to the Plante Eboracenfis. of Of. This is certainly a fpecies. See R. Spr | and With. Ononisarvenüs - - Wb 627. O. inermis. Hudf 312. -. Paftures, heaths, and meadows. B: repens, HudfÁ _ MIN TE — Sea-fhore, at Hornfea. Anthyllis vulneraria ^ ud/ 31:3. With. 629. a Meadows, and paftures, in.gravelly and calcareous foils. Sea-fhores. — Hudf 315. With, 032. At Sigglefthorne, commonly called Sil- _ fton, in. Holdernefs, fua there D . Mrs. Wharton. | T the marfhes, near Beverley, dosis: Hudf. 318. . With. 658. Eng. Bot. 30. Lathyrus Niffolia "paluftris ~ Vicia lathyroides "tures. Near Beverley. — velly: corn-fields, and paftures, and: - ditch banks, near Doncaiter. Mr. To- field, in Hud. Hudf. 321. With. 641. Eng. Bot. 5r. Limeftone rocks, at Malham, Settle, and ingleton. Common in various parts: ofthe North and Weft Ridings, but 3 |. never faw it in the Eaft. Aftragalus glycyphyllos Ha 322. With. 645. | —. Near Flaxby, a village. near Knaref- Side bithynica =- 2 6r J -Hippocrepis comofa Trifolium. Moser hedges, and bufhes, in dry paf- —— iR 62 Mr. TEESDALE's Supplement to the Plante Eboracofes, ftifotiun ornithopodioides -Hudf. 324. T. melilotus ornithopo- dioides. With.645. R.Sym 331. f. 14. f. 1. Half a mile from Tadcafter, towards Sher- born. R. Syn. ftriatum = - - Huaj. 427. With. 649. UNS Sandy fields, at Leven in Holderncfs. : Near Cafile Howard. alpeftre - Hudf 326. T. medium. With. 650. eee Among bufhes. Edges of woods. Sea- = fhore, at Bridlington Quay. ~ SEGA dd GUB Ree unl ed LO. — i < On dry Banks, aad | in aps Near AE . Beverley. + Picris echioides - = Hud. 342. With. 673. : -Sides of ditches, in lanes, near Beverley. : igual: l se dien th Hedypnois Hieracioides. Hudf 342. i-a RS SA ur E pa corn-fields, where the. land amaii Lots digi às Mony. : Leontodon s rhe | Ligh if. Fl. Scot. 432. LL. ers : - With. 679. L. Taraxacum. 4 paluftre. See OE. iu Sides of ditches, in the marfhes, Beverley. hirtum* = With. 682. Hedypnois hifpidunt hirtum. E ; -Hudf. 340. 3 | Near Beverley. Hieracium Mr. 'TezspALE's Supplement to tbe Plante Eboracenfex..— 63. Hieracium murorum - villofum Crepis biennis + | Hypochzris maculata | / glabra T$ > -— e - Cichorium Intybus : Serratula tinctoria — Carduus eriophorus. T r] " in oe Hudf. 344. With, 696. Woods, and rocky places, in the North and Weft Ridings. About Caftle > Howard. Bolton Abbey. With. With. 687. Jacq. aufir. 87. 7 . Clefts of rocks, near Mur Gill, at the - foot of Ingleborough. Mr. Caley, in With. Witb.69o. Hedypnois biennis. Hud/. 342. On the Wolds, weft of Bifhop Burton. Rare. Hudf. 346.- With. 691. Near Ottermine cove, Settle. Mr. Caley, Hud. 247. w ith. 692. On the common, clofe to the inn, at . Banktop, near Barafley. Mr. Wood, With. 693. A "Borders of Feo n-ficlds common in the North and Weft Ridings, but I have not feen it in the Eaft Riding. Hud. 249. With. 695. Ae “Near Londefbrough. — This i is-one of - the plants which are rare in the Eaft Riding, but common in thé other two. -Hudf. 354... With. 700. Road Pe in various. s parts af the Ó4 Mr. 'TEESDALE's Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfes. county. ` Between Market Weighton and Londefbrou gh. .Carduus pratenfis — =- Engl. Bor. 177. Hudf. 353. With. 701. Hd e ceu _ Houghton moor. — helenioides - Hudf 352. Wi th, 702. | t ; In a wood near Londefbrough ; (iba me by Mr. Knowlton. Rocky paf- tures, in the mountainous parts of the county. | Carlina vulgaris - - Huf. 355i: With. 704. T iu ^ =e Dry paftures,. and .heaths. Near Be- verley. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. d 348 ih 709. a: cs of the Humber, a at Hull. Hudf, 362. Wit. 717. In the North and Weft Ridings. Thorpe arch. Mr. Grimfton. : CHO MEE With piss Hud). E. Wib. us UT Near the river Wherf, Bane Ikley ^. and Skipton, in Craven. i : Hudf. 367. With. ‘ij, Near Halifax, in the fields, about Sal- — keld. R. Sys. About Capko. and Ingleton. Hud. Solidago cambrica - - Hud. 367. With, 728. Artemifia maritima ^4 qt MM i) Conyza fquarrofa - Erigeron acre =. ^d | ia "Tufüego hybrida Scnecio faracenicus Mountains Mr. TEESDALE’s Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfes. 6; Mountains in the Weft Riding. . On the rocky precipice on the fummit of Ingleborough, to the north-weft. Mr. Woodward, in With, - After Tripolium e Hud 268.5. 6151 Eia : — B Lab. Var. 2. With. Sea-fhore at Hornfea. Doronicum Pardalianches With. 732. | Near the World's end, at Harrowgate. Mr. Manby, in With. | Matricaria maritima - Wi. 730. M, inodora. y. Hud/. 373. Eproborougn Head. Rare. ; POL YGAMIA- FRUSTRANEA. Centaurea Calcitrapa Hud. 376. With. 745: Sands end, near Whitby. Mr. -Bobini ! in n Ps tb. à aer (d IRSE CES Z MONOGAM1A. Jafione montana Eu - Hud. ; 377. With. 247. Pee €—— ‘Bulmer corn-fields. Sandy fields, be- tween Weighton and Sancton. OH. I have feen this plant upon heaths, with all the appearance of a perennial root ;. “and Mr. Swainfton's gardener fhewed it. to me in his mafler's fine collection, s - where it is affuredly perennial. Viola hirta ~- = Hudi: 379. With. 260.- = Woods at Caftle Howard. — Londefbrough, and Thorpe arch. Mr. Knowlton. Vou. V, Ls | K oo, VIR .66 | Mr, TerspaLE's Supplement to ihe Plante Biepcoyir, Viola arvenfis . - zi fii ovatosoblongis dentatis, floribus ca- | q dyci hirfuto ?*qualibus. He ye Germ, TOU UE kE ENTE . Sandy foil, in arable land, very owe Impatiens noli-me-tangere Hudf 380, With, 263. . . Roots of ithe old walls in Fountains L: Abbey. iz H FE ix aia a : T as GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Orchis lat ^C fdf. "es a Variety with ftraw-celonred SET. —flowers. ^^ E: | _ Bogs, and marthes, near ir Beverley. ue aranifera = c Hud. 392. With. 39 ES fedoX HAS uds 0200 Dry paue »about-Branham (probably m EE E Bramham) near Tadcafter. With, AE ON Calceolus E 302. With 43. "About. Arncliffe, Kilnfay, Litten, and —- Kettlewell. Mr. Knowlton. . I ze. thi me is nearly eradicated - With. 42. - S. longifolia. y. Had. gx i d at Settle, and Ingleton. Helks- unii: ...In Cum Hag, a wood at Caftle Sepe ism end gomma This is S. rd in mmy ? Hsc former paper. rubra - -= With. 42. Engl. Bot. S. longifolia. 8. Hug. fe 394- About Clapham, and Ingleton, Auf. I have a f{pecimen of this rare plant, but - cannot recollect where it was found. MONOE C14, DIANDRIA “Lemna gibba Jihovad With i L. minor. £. gibba, Hw 399. | idan . Ditches at RE rp aa BRIA NDRIA. er Typha anguftifolie Heb; 400. With. Yir. ia 050 Old marle-pits, between York and Mar- ket Weighton. : Sparganium natans ` ilg Wi ith, 112." Engl. Bot. 273. S, imper TODG 1970110 MER UE de - natans f. Hudf. 401. ; i; piegi in: ee ten] at Beverley.. Goodenougb; Tra K Linn. Soc. vel. Ie 139: SA aes With. 86. — b sae ae bogs, SD Hégpent. Carex dioi vit ae 2 b. * i. "PS + a rt f € FEM Viiv ki ilc it ae E 3 p i t inf yd = 3 Bogs, wet meadows, and paftures, - E > Comu i _ udf. EE un od Iv A q.i. «o ON Bogs, marfhes, fides of “iver curta 4 =o» € brizoides.: Hud C. canefcens. Lighf. š aa hag eni found this..rare. fpecies : in “ova pag et (C epo. Boi. Ligh. r= eat = f "Wooc ls, and moift clayey paltara "remota = - Woods, and fides of ditches. pue. axillaris. < cR ewn 68 Mr. TEESDALE’s Supplement to the Plante Eloracenfes. Carexarenaria - intermedia i divifa ; Tie muricata vulpina = teretiufcula paniculata)” precox = filiformis on the dr: ~ tion the capfules do not divaricate near a Arram ( "ar, 1 near Beverley, abundantly, With. "pro &20, - . Low grounds, near Hull bridge, and .. Grove-hill at Beverley. - C.difticha. Hudf Lightf. — arenaria., Leers, 7. 14. f.2. Wet paftures, and meadows, frequent. ice feems to be more than one fpecies included in this name. - T; v Linn. Soc. vol. 2. 5. 157. t. 19. f: 2. - In a meadow;called Derricots, near Hull. ~ I never met with it in any other place. C. fpicata. Hud Lightf. Woods. Paftures. Meadows. I have feen this, or one in the fame way, , rieft fandy land, in which fitua- fo much as when growing in more moift places. © - Sides of ditches, under hedges, in woods. aint. Soc. vol. 2. f. 163. 7. 19. f. 3. Sides of ditches. Maríhes Woods. Obf. We have in the maríhes a variety of LI n : aphia afmall compaét panicle,which | _ never forms itfelf into large tufts, as the . C. paniculata does. It probably may be a diftinct fpecies. - C. montana. Hud/ Lighif. Dry paftures, and heaths. Common. Tranf. Linn. Soc. vol, 2. p. 172. f. 20. f. ge * Mr. TEESDALE's Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfes. | 69 C. tomentofa. Lighi "^ ii In ali the watery marfhes about Be- verley, very common. | Carex flava - = | - Wet paítures Bogs. Sides of rivulets. extenfa | - = Tranf. Lina. Soc. v. 2. p. 175. t. 21. f. 7. : à — Wet paftures, near Beverley. _ I am not certain that this is the plant -which Dr. Goodenough means. fulva .- = Wet paftures, and meadows, in various places. Near Beverley., —— I have ventured to continue this, as the sa «figure quoted by Dr. Goodenough i in FJ. POUR MU quem _ Dan. 1049 isa good reprefentation of my ID EP 2. plants and it is certainly different from — any of the varieties of the C. flava. Itis alfo always a much weaker and fmaller _ plant in all its parts than the C. diftans. diftans = - Woods Paftures. Meadows. panicea. - = Wet paftures. — Meadows, and marfhes. Woods, and hedges. eeth t. 15» J. 3. 7 Heaths, Meadows, and paftures. pallefcens - Leers, t 15. Se ae [udi pius Woods. - Paftures, and süicadosi. fylvatica recurva “dimofa - . Bogs, near ‘Terrington. Rare. Pfeudo-cyperus Hud/. Ligbtf. Ger. em. 29. f. 2. | In a place called Dumble pit, near Beverley; the E) pss I have feen it in, in the Carex 790° Mr. Ters DALE's Supplement to the Planta Eboracenfes, - Carex pilulifera - - Hudf. Lightf. Leers, t.16. f. 6. . Woods. Heaths, and paftures. | Tranf. Linn. Soc. vol. 2. p. 195. t. 21. f: 8. : In marfhes,and fides of rivers, and ditches. “finiéta, =) è- Tranf. Linn, Su. vol. 2. p. 196. DET FF us Cy cmfpitofa- "Had/. lees _Marthes, and fides of ditches. riparia" - ^ - C.-acuta: vat. a. Hudf. Lighif. eoh Banks of rivers. Wet meadows’ paludofa - -` C. acuta. FJ. Lond. peu | ig | Sides of ditches, and rivers. - acuta - - C. gracilis. FEL Lond. | Banks of rivers. Beverley. Te infect „ Hudf. Light M ec, CES 16. f. 2. III. E Ditches at Beverley. Hull Cottingham. cefpitofa - veficaria - i ampullacea - C.-veficaria. Hud/. Lightf. Sides of rivers. "Wet meadows, and maríhes. Frequentz;- 2» ohita =- -= Hudf. Ligbif. Leers, 1. 16. f. 3. Nene N Wet HAUTES and patur POL YAN DRIA. Crater demerfum ? P die 419. ' Wih. 440. - In arivulet, near Harrowgate. I have z not feen'the fructification. Myriophyllum ict Hudf. 419. With. 389. Ponds at Caftle Mesa and Sieh rouge: "esos Mr. TesspALE' us n i ` tto ale Plante Erici 71 ; Myriophyllum verticillatum Ditches about Beverley. - Salix triandra £e rau £ f » E E: -pentandra . BORE i435. : vitellina amygdalina fragilis | Helix purpurea ed = 4 ac — dn - 1 v aba, i NÉS DIOE CIA DIANDRIA. Hud $25 With. 45. . Ofieries. Banks of rivers, Si JA EE rivers. PGW ulets.. Ditches. i Near Beverley, and in mok parts of the .., county. | In ofieries, Hedges.: Sides of ditches. - Sides of rivers, and ditches. — Em Fadl About Beverley. a oe and the S. Helix, are by fome idditie. . fappofed to ‘be one fpecies, and they. have named it S. monandra. a 1 have obferved the following diftinctions, in their native places of growth: da the month of March, previous to their flowering, the bark of the young fhoots. ->of the S: purpurea is of a dark purple, | AOT and the fcales ofthe buds are a fine red,, _(almoft fcarlet,) generally tipped wit black, and before they drop off they c - | tùrn wholly | black ; at the fame time, ir e E bark. ES the ronnie fho 100t: s of the S.. Helix. MD 72 Mr. TEESDALE’” Supplement to tbe Plante Eborácenfes. . S. Helix is of a yellowifh brown, and the fcales of the buds are always of a pale brown, or chefnut colour. I have feen but few female plants of the S. purpurea ; they feem to be rare. On the flope of a high hill, between Kiln- fay and Arncliffe. Curtis. .herbacea - Ingleborough, and other high mountains, Sin the North and Weft Ridings. On the rocks on the uppermoft part of Ingleborough, on the north fide; and — on a hill called Whern-fide, over againft Ingleborough, on the other fide the fub- terraneous river. R. Syn. repens. = = Heath. -Several varieties of it. -fufca = Linn. 3 T arenaria. Light p Near Beverley. I have one variety with ftipulz, and an- other without. Salix myrfinitis - reticulata - rofmarinifolia On the edge of a rivulet which runs into | -Semer-water, Wenfleydale, Curtis. Arram Car, n near Beverley ? caprea dee s - Woods Hedges. Hoffm. Sides of ditches. Hedges. © aurita - - S.caprea. 4. Hudf. Woods, near Beverley. cinerea - .- With. Woods, and hedges, viminalis + Ofieries, Sides of ditches. alba > - By rivers and ditches. acuminata TETRAN- Mr. 'TEESDALE' Supplement to the Plante Eboracen/es. 13 TETRANDRIA. Popup Rhamnoides Hud/. 431. With. 204. | On the fea-bank, between Whitby and Lyth. R. Syn. Myrica Gale. =- =- Hudf: 432. With. 208. _ Houghton-moor. OCTANDRIA. Rhodiola rofea =- - . Hudf. 434. With. 389. : Rocks on Ingleborough Hill, POL YGAMIA MONOECIA. Atriplex laciniata = Eng. Bot. 16 5. With. 274. Sea-fhore, at Hornfea. ferrata - - Hudf 444. A. littoralis, With. 275» z m Humber E at Hull. littoralis - Hugh EET po^ Sed nde. at Hornfea. CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES. Ofmunda regalis - Hud. 449. With. 763. | zem In a plantation, belonging to Lord Loughborough, at Harrow Near - Ripley. | _ About Keighley. Mr. Kaberlton. Vor. V. "E |. Ofmunda - 74 — Mr. Tresparr’s Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfe fe | Ofimunda | Lunaria -- P Hudfi 449: © ay | By the fide of thé Lake at Fani “crifpa - - Hadh, 450: Pteris crifpa. With. 764. | Ingleborough Hill Haworth, near Halifax. Mr. Knowlton, . : . Blechnum Spicant m Wib. 765. Ofmunda Spicant Had. 450. Woods and heaths. eS Va Pterisaquilina - - Eve RES Achroflichum feptenttionale Hudf. 450. ~ With. 764.9 ^ 09 — M - Ingleborough Hill. Mr. Tofield, in Huzf. : ee Ceterach _ - Hud. 452. With, ir Pompetfenccrocke near Malham Tain, in -oiCraven; R. Sym And found lately Ae ROS d ap the fame place by. Mr. Knowlton, Trichomanes B ramofum.. Hudf | E | Ingleborough Hill. Homb, Hills Rare. viride - . Hudf. 453. With. 768. | On Ingleborough, and near. Malham. | On NEL and Meri above Settle. Mr. | oe es ETN With. ae ere TOC Ingleborough, and on limeftone rocks, . in the neighbourhood of Settle and ^ *- Ingleton. < Rare. - Janceolatum e 454. With. 770. Engl. Bor. id. : T b . = Onawallin thevillage of Wharf. Bolton, polttedium Londits Hudf. 455. With. 773. uc uf E Near Bingley. Hudf. ed. 1. | [s : Poly- | My. Tersar’ s Supplement to ibe Plant Eboracenfis — 73 Polypodium fragile .:-: . Rocky, parts-of the Nor rth) and Wet L Ride ? Xi ex COM ings. . About Knarefborough and Har- rhaticum. E ub ii. 780. sji Near d Fountain’s Abbey. On rocks, id. 1 s meo er E: "m e "X | Trichomanes yids dt 4 R. Syn. 127. t. 3. F LEUR In September 1782 I found this rare ie E plant i in Belbank wood, near Bingley, om L4 . the place mentioned. in, R. Syn. ; whe- a ther, it be, only a variety of the follow- e$ $m pw > bi “ings [ leaye to the decifion of thofe kg s PES who may. have frequent opportunities MITT "d - a eer z: Ep it, in the places of its Gaiak T EE DON Y | tiabrügak On the Bok: called Foal- hog Inglebo- es ee ET . rough Hill.' ' Bolton. This i is the Hyme- aoai Silio be ^ "mophyllum iim enfe of Dr. Smith. | ; "— aoe HT TE 5 7 : Bytopodiitialplium - -Hadf. 264 Wit. 759- On the fümmit of Ingleborough, and other high. hijs a in that part of the bout Keighley Whitby. Mr.Knowlton. | sofa Germ. FL v. 2. f. 17. i. Bes mo. | Dan. 215. ` ou e E 6 foünd this in a bog near Beverl id iind MMi — 31300-1566 could: ^not DE aguels what it. was until D Phafcum Ea quon raer g> m 76 Mr, TEESDALE" Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfes. "Phafcum cufpidatum curvicollum axillare ferratum | muticum crifpum Sibth Oxon. 273. Schreb. t. 1. f. 1. 2. Woods, and dry banks. XII.—IIT. Dickf. f. 2. p. 1. With. 786. - On the wolds, between Beverley and Market Weighton. III. - Dickf f. 1. 5.2. t. 1. f. 3. P. nitidum. With. Hoff: ~ Sides of ditches, and in woods, at Be- verley. X.—XII. ~ — Dick. f. y. p. 3. t. 1. f. 1. With. 785. tie tinum? Hoffm. Schr. de Pbaf. t. 2.? In a wet pafture, called Swinemoor, at Beverley, and in arable lands among ftubble. XII—III. With. 784. Schreb. Phafes t: 1. f. 31. 12s B. acaulon. Hud 466. Dill. t. 32. f. 12. Garden walks. Mud walls. Dry banks. XII.—III. caulefcens, foliis lanceolatis longé acumi- natis, tevoluto-contortis. Hedw. 1. ts g. Hoffm. Germ. Fl. 20. © :Sides of ditches, in Figham,at Beverley. III. Obf. 1 fent fpecimens of this to my friend Mr. Dickfon, who named it, and added, that it had not been found in Britain before. ` Splachnum sopulitum Dickf. f. 2. p. 3. With. 792. In a bog, near Cottingham. Rare. IV. V. vaículofum Hud/ 469. With. 791. Moift mountains, and heaths. Had Mr. T EESDALE' Supplement to the Plante Mena 77 Fontinalis alpin - Dick. f. 2. 5. 2. 1. 4. fol With. 789. - : Mountain rivulets, in the North and - Weft Ridings. This is F. minor in my other paper. | minor - Hudf 468. With. 788. | In rivulets, above Helmfley. Hornby Hills. fquamofa - Hudf. 467. With. 788. Rivulets, in the Weft Riding. Maium arcuatum - Dickf f.3.p.2 With. 803. In the boggy part of Houghton-moor. . po — Jn Greenfield, Saddleworth. With. — Polytrichum fubrotundum 7 ; | nanum è - aloides - - $Onheaths. Earthen walls, Dry banks. commune - | | | piliferum - | | -I found the laft, with quinquefid cap- fules, at Harrowgate. i ftni&tum - rer Re 4 Upon heaths. ` urnigerum - Ingleborough Hill. Among the rocks on Hornby Hills. CRM uy alpinum - At Caflle Howard. Ingleborough. : Orthotrichtas crifpum Hoffm. Germ. Fl.25. Dill. t. LES 5. f 1% ( anomalum | — — £9. ftriatum — — — a 8. affine Hoffin. Germ, Fl. p. 26. 78° Mre TEESDALE' Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfes. Orthotrichum diaphanum Schrad.- ; On antes of trees, and Pecks: var. 2. With, Hedwigia ciliata. Hedw. Dih te 32. f. 5. On rocks, in the North and Welt Ridings. tritum: - - Hoffm.Germ. Fl. 36. f. purpureum. y. Hudf. Ds 449. f. 52» Ink bogs. TH. IV. Bryum apocarpum. oF aciculare Hadh: 479. Dicranium aciculare. Swartz. Dill. t. 46. y 25. — On ftones, in mountainous rivulets. rc Ve Harrowgate. VIH. —IX. bipartitum = -= Deki fi 2. 9.7. With. 835. Dill. t. 49. f. 50. Walls, and ditch banks. IL IL na . Calcarum — - m firm p. 8. “te Ae f pas € Bot. X9I. Pye lew notice’ paper. -= On chalk- Bee near Bithop- Burton. Rare. . «anefcens Xu. 825. Trichoftomum canefcens. Hedw. .- 47. f 27. D. E. F. :On h "Harrowgate. F Hotghton-moor. Swarts Ho ofin.Girm, Th Ar. . Din. t 47. f. = |. On heaths. Dicf.. f. x. Pak f. I 46 With, p i eftivum. Zudf. x GRE 4 Ingleborough Hill: VIII: (2 - cuneifolium -` E 333 57 DUE. E =. i ied | Farthen i and dy banks. XI. XII. HTE — J. Bryum peg xe + lanuginofum. capillaceum - eii. Bryum curviroftrum val barbatum - flexuofum rigidum - fri gile - Hemi a Sae oF a -— pellucidum cx Ovatum s 7, verticillatum. 7 ; brevifolium Mr. TEESDALE's Supplement to the - Die. f. à. PT "Dit 48. fe se LI 79 . Dry ftony places, near Beverley. XII. Lik Curt. Dill. t. 48. f: 48. With, 8i Weftwood, at Beverley. III. Hud. 484. With. 834. Dill. t. 47. f. 33 , n heaths very common, but not in ^ fra&ification. "Had 477. With. 813. Dill. t. 49. f 55- Rocks, on Ingleborough. Huaj. Dick/.f. 3. P. 5. Dill. t.47. f 33. F.G. Woeds, and heaths. VII. Dar PA 2. f £e With. 815. B troticatu- lum. . Linn. et Hudf. Dill t. 45. f. 7... K-- Walls, and dry banks, XI.—III. Hudf. 481. Mnium pellucens, With, 802. Dill. t. 46. d 23. On large ftones, by the fide of a fouet: _ north of Harrowgate. VII. =X. | ir a and dry banks. XI. XII. -Hudf 485- With. 821. Dill.1. 47. f. 35- On moift rocks, Yorkfhire. Dr. Ri- chardfon. | 2 a pen. DUES. a: - Birmham rocks, near Ripley. VW, ; Diclf. f.2: f. 4. TM e ostii in ip. DED uem see deus Be o Bryum 8o Mr. 'TEEsDALE's Supplement to tbe Plante Eboracenfes. Bryum virens - mucronulatum lanceolatum fallax - ventricofum — Dickfi fir. peq. Dill. t. 48. f. 43- Dry banks. Sandy paftures. XII.—III. This is the B. viridulum in my former paper. Dickf. f. 3. p. 3. With. 817." Sides of ditches, near Beverley. III. IV. O4/; The acuminated part of the Calyptra is frequently black. Dich. f. 3. p. 4. With. 824. Mud- walls. Hedge-banks. I I.—III. Dich. f. 3. p: §- With. 833. In Yorkfhire. Dick/ Dif f. 1. p- 4. B. triquetrum. Hudf. 490. Dill... $1. f. 72. — Bogs on heaths. IV. V. ye triquetrum. Hudf. 4913. Mnium nu- tans. With. 803. M. turbinatum. Hoffm. Germ. Fl. 49. Dill. t. 51. f 74. Bogs, and maríhy grounds. Schreb. M. bimum. Hoffim. Germ. FI. 48. Rasmus Dill. 51 EL 3 In bogs. 3V.-VW Hudf. 491. Dill. t. $ò. * 70. Woods, in the Eaft and North Ridings. V. VI. Hypnum trichomanoides With. 484. H. complanatum, B. Hudf. Dill. t. 34. f. 8. Lefkia trichomanoides. Sibth. Fi. bos. 303. Trunks of trees. Beverley. 5 Hypnum p Minen roffaum - Dia X 3: » 36. With. m Di. yi 38. pit ac: fog. bid Bad of rivers. On ftones in rivulets. IX. X, " Jutefcens ~ ` Boffin. Germ. P [^ Dill. i. 42. f. 60. ee H, Juteícens. Hud. ? < Dry ftony banks, between Beverley and 5 PiNewbotd . TI. IV. | — E Di JP ïo. With. 849. In woods, and nuca near Be- | L^. d , verlep aac r i inticstum. - - Eng« keke doz. Wi tb. 849. - ti rees A a y near Susa vrea s aps mer the unt near "Beverage xi have not feen i it in EOD: F "»- Èi - w apt : 2 "e à " : X teg s ee Xm W (X A aa Yr 2 3111 i Fifi KS NE Ea : BOGS * s TX A T Ugon the old alls, at Rifby, near BERI ; molle... = cisiDichfi 2e pax t5. JB With, 862. rambe Beck Bridge, between : pon. Frank’ of t trees. XII. E ww Dd CI nu IL Uk -Hypnum - 82. Mr. 'TEESDALE's Supplement to tbe Plante Eboracenfes. Hypnum atro-virens e Dichf. f. 2. f. 10. Dill. t. 43. fi 67. myofuron prolixum : - dncuüofam Shady woods in the North Riding. 1X.—XII. ‘With. 865. f. myofuroides. Had). Dill. t. 41. f. 50. . Roots of trees, in woods. - With. 850. y rutabulum. wea Dill. t. 38 Jf 3% Roots of trees. Under edis XIL—IL Dickf. f. 2. 5. 13. Dill. t. 85. f. 20. . p. Hypnum riparium. Weber.” On ftones, in mountainous rivulets, in the North Riding. Mill-dams, == bi rculis confertis decumbentibus, ramis fit cre pan erectis teretibus acutis; foliis ovato-acutis fubfecundis ; capfulis cylindraceis obliquis. Swariz. Lefkia paludofa. Hedw e? Swarts. About the roots of — in the marfhes. | awati fs k wee itasanihak -apice "attenuatis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis appreffis enerviis.. B. purum. Hudf Dill. t. 40. f. 47. H. Schreberi. Swartz. A. Stockh, 1795.. H. compreffum. Hoffn, but not of Linn.. . On heaths, caule et furculis incraffatis, foliis ovato- acuminatis incurvatis fecundis enerviis. g$ .. lacunofis.. Mr. eTii “Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfés $3 lacunofis, Hofin. Germ. Fl. 63. Dill. t. 37. Fi 24 Ce Molefcroft-car, near Beverley. ALG. Jagumangia cochleariformis With. 876. J. purpurea. Lighif. © Mnium Jungermannia, Linn. Dill. t. 69. f. 1. Moift heaths———rarely found in fructification. I once found it in that ftate near Harrowgate. xi cai AM LOL. £T ..ventricofa — - - Dickf. f. 2. pa 14. Dill, t. 70. f. 14. à) Bufhy paftures, near Beverley. IV. ovata - = - Dick f. 3. p. 11. t. 8. f. 6. Houghton-moor, HI, IV. | oed s.s. m — pn t S. f 7. Ar IM 'oods at Beverley. IV. uicti 2 Die fv. A T. Dill. t. 69. f. 3. Hoffm. Germ. FI, 83. Heaths,atHarrowgate; and Hough- Seo, where I once found it E ~. Hafn. Germ. FI, 83; Aoma This is the J. ciliaris, Hud/. and € x zi in my Moser gere : | fe aq SIP IOAR Ag. Dill. t. 31. E 2 j fs na ^. E TsrsbALE': fewer to the Plante: Eboracenfes, S eee te | E of D Mnium trichomanes. Linn. > -Hudf. and in my laft paper. 49949 RSS ,:59«219 ie Jo" Shady woods. Jungermannia minuta - - - Dickf f.2. f. 13. Dill. t. 69. f. 2. = | - » Woods, near Richmond,creeping on fome fpecies of Hypnum. — ^" vwiticulofa - = nm 509. With. 873. Dill. 1.69. f. 7. ROSE bE xx ee ftones, in rivulets, at Hornby- Daaa . Hills and Malham Cove. “multiflora? = Lug 510. Dill. t. 69. f. 4. : X. Mi ME a Houghton-moor. oo" E have not found it in fruđtifi- cation. Bi, 205 As SR ue Linn, Hadj. 509. “With. 871. Dill. an fh moiftfhady Sách, Dr. Richard- ! w3URNVIE fom. R. Syn. ! iy A s julàcea - <- “Pud. 516. With, 88r. Dill. t. 73. (d Ade | 3 F 38. Rocks in the me sexi Biri SET "adc à With 882. Dill. t 73 PL Lau e ici Birmham Rocks, .. alpma =) 2" Hr 517. With. 882. Dill. 1. 73: SEL email 1 zon Het DE 39. Andreza petrophila. nag amna un ni TERN. Germ, Fl. 80. 3 "eK cocromoong. m oe E dem. and Birmham Jal A E 2 NECI SERA Junger- pr. v ; b T Jungermánnia curvifolia.-.» «Dilffeo. pilings gu fep Wot - .aotIwonat aM ideo Birmham Rocks, | .nolbisdoist Gorsel C ai SERE 786. With. 831. AG 82 ES £22 Abs “eee “Birmbam-Rocks. | SANIR n arnt eerie “Hid. 816. With. 882. Dil. I. 73. ote Hoek tha av K l z? - w lyse Nät 1s; near North Binley. Dr. Ri sional food; , goid} svoda orf} dchidfdfon. | ae seiner Withi 869. Dil. 1. 74:44 2 Bon: bowsosCI- .29017 19 23 Sides of ditches, near Bevere, 29913 to aA T bason s: BelbBank, -near; Bingley. Dil. Bor a _Middleton Wood, near Leeds. » EF v bas 23311 10 az ae i54 ohtufia,. tomentofis | ; Pdl ura: r ERN Be Rem e á à à n (pidatis; Cats pollenife-- pma T ROS ; Fl. Dan. t. 888. 779 Be vi Wolds, between Beverley , md. aint Blafia pufilla - - - - =" Haj Te: mf R Mi ee . Targionia LE c ames = qon ? 297 F I. f. 8. Dill. t $6 Mr. TEESD ATE Supplement to the Planta Eboracenfes. Targionia hypophylla . Hudf. 519. Dill. 1.78. /:9. Eng. Bot. t. 287. Near Keighley. Mr. Knowlton. Mofly - | | places in Yorkíhire. Dr. Richardfon. Riccia natans -> =- Eng. Bot.252. Hudf 522. With. 887. Dill. 1. 78. f. 18. In ditches, and dieere near Beverley. . fluitans ^ - - Eng. Bot.251. Hudf 522. Dill.t. 74. f: 47. See With the above fpecies, about Beverley. Lichen albus. - - With. 2. Byffus lactea. Linn. Hom . Trunks of trees. Decayed mofles, incanus - - On the ground. Trunks of trees. - cinereus - - On rocks. ! separate - On rocks, large ftones, and walls. . ees xs Bark OF trees, ind. walls. - hebraicus = 4 Sibth. Fl, Oxon. 317. j Bark of trees. ex Ora On rocks. immerfus - - Eng. Bot. 193. With, 6 Relb. Fi, Cant, 1026, “On chalk-ftones, upon the Wolds, (s Eng. Bot. 155. With, 6. Trunks of trees, and rocks. B £. " à Lichen nt to the Plantes Eboracenjet. $7 Lichen graniformis ed zeruginofus mufcorum ER ona LANE confluens - niger = = - fufco-ater - LA corneus = querneus - . geographicus - fulphureus atro-virens: verndis - = Dif f. 3: po £o. - On old pales. Sibth, Fl. Oxon. n. 880. Trunks of trees, near Beverley. Rare. Relb. Fl. Cant. n. 848. With. 7. Upon. mobs, « on ogee in ws North Diclf. f. 1. $- 9. With. 8. On rocks, and dnas in the Weft Riding. With. 1o. | Rocks and old pales With. 1r. On walls, and fones, n near Harrowgate. With, 2. fe 31. fee On the trunks of oaks, near Beverley. wea ob ie! ah hate f. Trunks of oaks, i in thè Eaft Riding. — Eng. Bat: 245.. With, 12. Dill, t. 18. fete Rocks, in the North and Welt Ridings. “ Dickf. fo 20 : 17. With. 12. — and walls. - With. 135. j On ‘rocks, near e With uas 00 PERRA Qs and ftones, i in he Weft .- Riding. With. 14. L. ——ÀQ Hai, Di. 1. 18. eK ap c ocho Bark of trees. 7 | | "Liisa .88 Mr, TEEDALE'S Supplement to the Plante Eboracenfes. Lichen Bxomyces - - Engs Bot. 374. L ericetorun, in ndi former “papers: 30 oo, On heaths. : adi tus T encetorüm;: - . Eng. Bot. 372. " ves jf. L. jemadophila QE CR eom 82 With as. oLaselveloides. Heber, - s ni sitesi On heaths.,. Houghton-moor. " flavo-rubefcens With..25. > È. aurantiacus. Light $ FI. Scot. = zu $ 810.) » bM. - NT ST ambis ha W y odi he alla: Bark of trees. Pales. Walls. " |o gperufus - - With. 15... Hudha 52 S EM ii eslat ; of ; ventofus - - ‘With. 16. E 3151 aS stegworisH on pono pia in, yp Weft r Near Har- OWgates iy 5 SDG te Laez trees, at Londefborough ; ORAE 1s, ida me by Mr. Knowlton. sib Med rli ni , i * , corallinus | i ab. 16. : G ud "YT Y " gun d sin 7 Aie in i the "North joe Weft Ridings. n ulatus, 2d cren uiai ES z^ 4 is sso di a kth CDichfon.- Di E "m 2 9: hs Ide c a3 der cun Boek} in Yorkthire. Dickfon. "e x Bsp s 200, it 19. Dill t. 18. f: 15. B. W sit ni aston bas ei { n. : pulverulentus “Sibth. ( Q: indie 893. Bil. iai Fee $y. MO NP us Trunks, of trees. - aifsirisy tiliaceus = - Dichf. F 3- £16. Hy ofin. Germ. FI. 149. E c 3 . On trees, ‘near Walkington. Tuis] | : Lichen Mp. ‘Tesspars’ * ‘Supplement ta 7s Planta Eboracenfis. 89 Eidos olivaceus | - - var. nitidus. “Sibth. Orom Dill. 1. 24. ef i pulverulentus — fruftulofus . pallidus frigidus marmoreus `: cerinus erin 4.4 NX 2154 B oy finu üs oe: flavefcens D eie . rimofus cond egi es dea m oos oso ret re - cemfius - pruinatus © " L] 2 [] x Trunks of trees. p. Weber. - Trunks of trees, near tiea. Rare. Ed p-13..t. 8. fF. to. With, 19. Rocks, i in Yorkfhire. Dichfon. With. 21. Trunks of trees. Old paling. - Walls. With. 22. i On mofs, and heath, upon Houghton- moor. ^ With: 22. On the bark of trees, and on, hi bare ground, covered with decayed mofs, in Yorkfhire. Withering. s Dickf f: 3. pe tg. With, 24. . On old paling, and trunks of trees. | With, 5. gO ‘runks oftis. and ones. ! Hudf. 528. L. flavicans. With. 25. Dill. t. 19. f 194A. C. On walls. Dick. fo X. pe 12. With. 25. | “= Rocks, and ftones, in Yorkíhire. Dick/ as s Diekf f. ài p 19. +6. f. 6. - On ftones, in the Weft Riding. RD fi Bp 15... 9. fide With. 20. sOn: ftones, in the mountainous parts of the Weft Riding. Near Harrowgate. N Lichen go Mr. TEESDALE's Supplement tà the Plante Eboracenfes, Lichen firidar - multifidus cartilagineus muralis - albefcens Pfora = ^^^ fquamatus centrifugus marginalis - foliaceus filiformis * - - Dich fia. p.20. -Dill 1.30. f. 134 : Rocks, in the North Riding. Rare. Diclf. fr 3: P 16. 1 9. f. 7. On ftones, in the Weft Riding. Near ITO With. 29: L. craffus. Hudf. 550. Dill. 4.24. fi T4 About Malham. Hud} On Eu near . Harrowgate. Dick. UA, $ II. With. 2 20. a T Rocks and walls; Not common in the Hudf. $29. T runks of trees. " F Witl Bi 26. On. (tones. "Rocks : at fane gate. DM Fo 209. 20. Dill, t..30. fe 135. On a-heath, at Harrowgate. .. Rare. Hudf $30. With. 32. Dill. t. 24. f. 75. ods iniiis. Weft Riding. | 1 Hudf. 5 534- With. 34. Dill. t. 19. F 2 S. On walls, near Settle. Dr. Smith, in ` Wn ithering. "I With. 4. ^ Hudf. edit, 1. "Lo akcicornis, or Lighif. 872. Dill. te 14. f. 12. Heaths. | Beep stonemoor, Hadf. 552. With.-38. » Dill. te d IO. Roots of ttees, in Woods. Heaths. On. walls, : | ‘Lichen | Mr. Texspare’s Supplement to the Plante Eboracen H. f Lichen exiguus <=- =- Hudf. 552. Dill. t. 14. f nns C. exilis. né Hoffm. Germ. FI. x21. | «aibi 7: . On walls. Roots of trees. Heaths. ~~ tuberculatus - . Reth, Fi. Cant. 435. x $4 149 9. | Cladonia tuberculofa. Hoff. Germ. Fl, 122. aerem ees -~ Heaths. E: K Cladonia criftata, Ho fm. Gern. m 124. Dill, 1. 14. "À 9. ‘Heaths. | : Cladonia prolifera. Hoffm. Germ, FI. 122. Vaso oie Heaths: i Roots of trees. uud E Cladonia marginalis. Hoff. $ Gig, Fl. 123. 4283.21.42 SS DESO. LM ee ———À "Heaths. Walls. | : Cladonia irregularis. Hoffm. Germ. Fl. 125. dii Li TA O Du. t. 15. f. 20. | foc utes Shi .. Roots of trees, and heaths. : nia “coronata. Ho ofm. Germ. Fi, 25. Dill. nig di19.-C. m ATTESTA _. . Woods, and ek - radiatus = = With. 38. “L. gracilis. Hudf 555. Dill. apaiia 52 asetb. - ane ET m ari S j iia radiata. Hoffm. Germ. FI. 120. EE Oe oss ad RAS -Barren heaths. ? oi i ionia Fibula. Zo, fin. Germ. p. 127. +. dica Set S » a3 "PI ui23DIL ys 15. f I$. ; —Barren ce ground, and à heaths. | f e, 23 = -Lichen 92 Mr. "T'assbALE Supplement 1o tbe Plante Eboracenfes. ‘Lichen pafchalis - - fragilis > {fpinofus - `~ furcatus - - uncialis ~- e ont z e e | wo L ' Hudf 558. Eng. Bot. 282. With. 44. Dill. -4 I7. fi 33. à Rocks, in the Weft Riding. Hudf. 558. Eng. Bot. 314. Witb. 41. Dill. £. 17. f 34 . Rocks, in the North and Weft Ridings. Near Harrowgate. Hudf. 556. With. 45. Dill. t. 16. f 25. ` On heaths, on Ore eU gate. . Hudf, 556. With, 45. Dill. t. 16. TPA Heaths. Dry banks. Earthen walls. B. Hudf. 555. Dill. t. 16. f 21. B. _ Cladonia biuncialis. Hof. Germ. Fi. 116. Heaths,- . Houghton-moor. : Cladonia uncinata. Ho ofm. Germ. Fl, 116. Dill, t. 16. f. 21. A Heaths, Hug. 561. With, 46. Dill f. 12. f. 7. .. Ufneajubata. Hoffm. Germ. Fl. x34. chalybeiformis. On rocks, and trunks of old oaks, i inthe . North and Weft Ridings. - ; Linn. Wütb.47. f. jubatus. Budf. 561. | Ufnea chalybeiformis. Hoffm. Germ. Fl, x 35s Dill. t 33. f 10. Rocks. Old paling. Trunks of trees, with M laft fpecies. 7 7 Lichen Lichen lanatus | - > Hud). $62. With. 47. Dill. 1. x3. f. 8. "T. Rocks, in the Weft — At Har- SUE 3 | roWgate. : ^ prunaftri - + Dilli. 21. f. 55. B.G. I. Tabiin popu- dina. Hy ffm. Germ. FI. 140. - On rocks, trees, and old pales, every where. Fachenoides lacunofum lacerum, latius et - «congeftius. Dill. t. 27. f. 57. 4. B.C.D. On black thorn. Rare. tenellus `- - With. 56. B. ciliaris. Hudf. 538. Dill. t. 20. £46 77 , Branches of. trees P p black E “thorn. © ~ Iete-virens sa Te as With, 58.26 a erbicom. es Hao 544. - Dill. 1. 25. f. 98. In Yorkfhire. Hudfon. -plumbeus = - Lighif: 816. Wib. 6o. L. cerulefcens, On rocks, in’ the North ana a Weft EC er — c Near Bradford. Hudfon. > poH Wib.62. | - Trunks of trees. pas Londefbo- e rough. ! Eo E 5439. With. 64. Dill. t. 30. f. 131. pees Fhe tt poet ^ Near’ Halifax. Bolton, in Hudm golyrhigos Wi th. 64. “L. velleus. Hudf. $59. — Ingleborough Hil. Rare. as 553. JPb.65. Dill. DE [ES $i polyphyllus - EUER Ml Rocks, near Harrowgate. Ie Lichen -— concolor - e? s, 94 MrTrrspar E' Supplement lo the Plante Eboracenfes. Lichen factatus ©- -=> Hudf. 548. «With. 67.- Dill. 1.30. f. 121. -AITSA uela Dov’ edOnrocks,and dry banks, in many places, Ae re in the North and Weft Ridings. ` ~igog steed 1.9 0 os About the mouth of Yordas-cave, near >: Ingleborough Hill, Dr. Smith, in l Withering. Near Beverley. Rare. Peas. -Wi th. 69. y- caninus. Hudf. $47. Dill, t. 28. XI 2L SEQ. Té. ux p 107: SAOS POM RSEN < Heaths. " Roots of trees. Ee e | PAR EIE var. 2. With. CA caninus. En Dill. f, 28. PO ell e On Rumble's s ‘mear (moor) near eec Soa € 00.9. and Hudon. Iufefeens.- - With, 70. e caninus, Hudf. Dill. t. 28. Ap. EN ue PON. 99. UA. heces AUR Peltigera Sofa Hoffn. Germ. Fl. 107. eS ae N Woods. . Heaths. Roots of trees. —* vwenofüs: =. - Hudf. 546. With. 69. Dill. t. 28. f. 109. dis Dew bas droi adla rocky places, north of Helmfley. Rare. aphtofus.- .- Hudf. $47. With. 70. Dill. t. 28. f. 106. | UR dx e _Ingleborough Hill, and. -other parts. of wodtsbnocl d H3 H S" je 3 iie. county. x Hudfon. Mi a rémiduide - y. Light tf. 842. Dill. t. ^ 19. f 34. With 1:7 SD See NAT s us WA M sadi ue „In; .moffy i ftony st ors Nake bE Ligh: Dill. t. 19. f. 35.. With. var. 4a " CM | Among mofs, i in paftures, at Beverley. n. _.cochleatus =- Dick. fo Is po 13. 7. 2. fo Qin With. 74. pee .Collema auriculatum. Hg gf. Germ. Fi. 98. Renan R M On "T qr Po f » D aA SD Oa Mr. TszspALE's Su;plenent to the Plante Eboracenfis. — 95 On large ftones among mofs, by the fide ai a t i A __ of a rivulet, north of Harrowgate. - gu oS In Yorkshire. Curtis, in Withering. “Lichen nigrefcens — - Hud/. 537. With. 74. L. vefpertilis. Light if: Sin | 840. Dill. t. 19. f. 20. oe ol x EC. vss D EAE, old trees, particularly slid ath. ide ftony places among mofs. Rarely: found " with fcutella.- Hudf. 535. With. 75. Dill t. 19. f. 26. criftatus - = In moift fhady fituations, among mofs. vod palmatus SH Di With: 74. Dill. 1..29. f. 30. UP T NC "B3 RO! yet Ht ornai « "Among. mofs; in woods where thére is tuedevoiqo oo sis 9) Sebuitdittle grafs. ^ Old'grav walks. ^ erifpus ^ — Hudf. $39. Cu. 76. Dill f. 19. vi 23- T as EA) OF) nico ady Tituations, where the earth i is but : e — Nard covered with gratis: and molt. g sa 1 2 3 v K , ys. 6. Z £ i aa aE ES doner: in. | the eie that iffucs from ; n Em y di ' Malham Core. 1 DEY; 2 not f found it LE. | (96) bes A om of the Hiftory of Tipula Tritici, in a Løfter to Mahom; i Tr, LS. by the Rev. William Kir 5, F. L. S. | Read debbie dw 1799. P E oc FRIEND, 2 cm s i - due - Barbam, I CUN xis. AFT ER all the. pains we teok laf; year to inveftigate the hiftory - of the. Wheat Infeét, we were obliged to leave it in fome mea- - fure incomplete; | This arofe from our beginning our obfervations - too late in the feafon, after the parent fly had difappeared. Deter- mined to watch its progrefs this year from the firft appearance of the ear, my: fuccefs, i in moft refpeéts, has been anfwerable to my ex- pe&tations. have not indeed yet been able to afcertain the male of our Tipzla; but to make fome amends for this difappointment, I have had an opportunity of obferving all the motions of the female, and befides have difeovered'two new fpecies of Ichneumon, which, in con- jun&ion with that known before, and defcribed in the laft volume of the Linnean Society's Tranfa&ions (a), under the name of Ich- neumon Tipule, fcem to be intrufted with the i important office of re- - ftraining within due limits the numbers of that very deftructive little animal. | Without further preface, I thall now proceed to conned and put - into form the different memoranda which I have by me on this fub- ject, having adhered faithfully to the Linnean maxim, Nulla dies fi ne (a) Vol. iv. p. 232. * linea, Hiftory of Tipuld Trin) v7 97 nea, and always taking my pencil and memor andum-book with me when I went into the fields to make my obfervations. ~ iabisque ^ Previous to the feafon when the ear begins to emerge from thé folium vaginans (b), Y have, as opportunities of examining fir planta- tions occurred, been upon the watch for De Geer's Tipula Pini (c) ; but not being fo fuccefsful as to meet with that infect, I cannot afcer- tain how nearly it may be related to its congener of the wheat: I was careful alfo, at the fame time, to infpe& the plants that were in bloffom in the borders of the wheat fields, in’ hopes of finding (copulá connexos) the two fexes of Tipula Tritici, but with: no better fuccefs. "P It is to be obferved that I had ufually M the forenoon for making my inquiries It chanced that on the third. of June hef had occafion to pals through a field planted with: wheat, in theeven- - ing, and, to my great furprife and fatisfaction, my attention was im- mediately arrefted by an innumerable hoft of our Tipule flying about in all directions ; and from that day to the latter end of the fame month thefe infe&s were always to be met with in the wheat fields. They were feldom tó be feen much before feven o'clock; at eight the field appeared to fwarm with them, at which hour they were all bufily engaged in laying their eggs; and about nine they géne- rally difappeared : they were indeed fo extremely numerous, that if each of them were to lay its eggs in a different floret, and thofe eges were permitted to produce larvz, I think, upon a moderate calcula- tion, more than half of the grain would be — I have no- (È) I was is flpongly tempted. to introduce two or hese new sionis into this Paper, v viz. evaginate and evagitiation,. to exprefs without a periphrafis the emerging of the ear front ^ the folium vaginans, and ewipofition for the laying of eggs, from the Latin phrafe ovi ponere; but left this pem fhould wear the appearance of affe tation, I refrained ont 1 it. (c) Linn. Tranf. vol. iv. p. 228. Now Vo gcc OM ticed - 98 Rev. Mr. Kirsy’s Continuation of the ticed twelve at one time depofiting their eggs in the fame ear. It is remarkable that amongft the myriads that I have feen of the female, I fhould not have obferved one which I could take for the male: indeed, towards the latter end of the month, (24th,) I took two or three fpecimens, which, except that they had black bodies and were fmaller, appeared exactly fimilar to our Tipula; but as neither their antennz are hairy, nor their wings fpotted, as was the - cafe with the fpecimen you. received from Mr. Markwick, they can fcarcely be the male. Indeed the appearance of the male, inftead of . being later than that of the female, ought to be as early or earlier, in order that they may be in readinefs to perform the work of im- pregnation previous to the feafon in which the females lay their eggs, which begins, at leaft it did this year, with the month of June. Hence I fuppofe that each fex is difclofed from the pupa in the ge- nial month of May, when, to ufe the poetical language of Scopoli upon another occafion, “ nuptias inffituunt, de loco in locum continu) vo- litantes, xephyro plaudente choreis (ay: ; : Although thefe infe&ts are fo numerous in the evening, yet in the morning not a fingle one is to be feen upon the wing: they do not however then quit the field which is the {cene of their employ- ment; for, upon fhaking the ftalks of the wheat, or otherwife dif- - turbing them, they will fly about near the ground in great num- bers. I found their ftation of repofe to be upon the lower part of | . the culm, with their heads upwards. oer. cd It is very entertaining to obferve the method to which thefe in- fects have recourfe in order to depofit their eggs in a fituation where the larvae may foon arrive at their food : when engaged in this em- ployment they are not foon difturbed; which circumftance affords the obferver an excellent opportunity of examination. As I hinted (d) Ent. Carnicl, n. 801, ubi de Ape fabulosé. before, xe Hifory of Tipüla THUS. tre 4 | '99 before, a number may be feen at the fame time upon one ear: they place themfelves in fuch a pofition that their anus Rands nearly at right angles with the margin of ‘the glume of that floret which they mean to pierce. But how dre they to introduce their eges -within the floret, for they depofit them between tbe exterior and interior valvules of the corolla ? To look at them when they are not engaged in this employment, their anus appears to be furnifhed with no inftrüment adapted to fo nice an operation ; but upon pref- fare it exerts (e) a long retrá&ile tube or vagina( f), which ün- fheaths an aculeus (g) (if I may fo term it) as fine as a hair and very long. This aculeus it introduces into the floret, and there de- pofits its eggs, which it ufually places upon the interior valvule of the córoibs; juft above the gogo After the: has done la ying her eges, the infé& withd 'aws he us eat caution and deli. beration : yet it fometimes happens ‘fiat Mei is friable to y effe& this; in Which cafe fhe is detained a prifoner until fome enemy devour her. In this fituation I have found them more than oncein my morning walks. - I was very defirous- of feeing the egg | pafs through the va- gina; but y firft attempts were unfuccefsful: at length I was grati- fied with this pleafing fpectacle. © TE: gatherei ed an ear upon which fome of our 77 ipulee were buly, and held it fo as to let a fun beam fall upon one of them; examining its operations under the three -glaffes of a pocket microfcope: 1 could then very dittin&ly perceive .. the eggs (4) paffing one after another, like minute air bubbles, through the vagina, the aculeus being "wholly inferted into the et. I examined this procefs. for full ten minutes, before the pa- tient little old difengaged itfelf; and at laft it was through my violence that fhe difcontinued her employment and flew 2 : (e) For this fenfe or the word exert, fee sme s Diet. Nos. iv. v. {(f) Tab. iv. fig.2.a (g) Fig. 2 b. (P) Fig. 2. c. 02 p On B B ; Rev. Mr. KanBy's Continuation of the - - On the feventh of June, upon opening a floret, I difcovered a {malt patch of eggs; they were oblong (7), tranfparent, and of a pale buff colour. I afterwards found feveral of thefe little patches, containing from a fingle egg only, to more than twenty. On the feventcenth I found, for the firt time, a larva newly hatched : it adhered tothe lower end of one of the anthers (4), and was perfectly tranfparent and colourlefs ; from which circumítance I conjecture, that it had taken no food. . I afterwards dete&ed two more in a fimilar fitu- ation, one of which had become ftraw-coloured from the contrary caufe. In another floret, upon the fame day, I found many with their heads immerfed in the woolly fummit of the germen: fome were in the interior valvule of the corolla ; others appeared to be bufy upon the plumofe ftigmata, upon which I did not obferve that any pollen had been difcharged from the anthers: Upon the twenty- fecond Lobferved that the larva were ufually in, the fituation re- prefented in the accurate drawing engraved in the. third volume of the Linnean Society’s Tranfactions (7). All circumftances confidered, it fecms to me moft probable, that tliefe animals do not feed upon the pollen before it is difchargedfrom the anthers(m); yetonewouldthink that in this cafe fufficient muft efcape them to fertilize the germen. How they prevent this I can but conjecture; as their heads are often . jmmerfed in the Atigmata, and in the down obfervable. upon the top of the germen, it is poffible they may penton. an. -obftru&ion i ME. thofe fine du&ts through which. the fertilizing principle patfes down -into the grain; or they may confume that Ípermatic moifture upon | the ftigma, | without the aid of which the pollen cannot perform its office. On the twenty-ninth the parent Tipule had all difappeared, and foon after this period my inveftigations were {topped by antes (i) Tab. iv. fig. i.d. (2) Fig. 2. e. (/) Tab. xxii. fig. tc. (m) Except perhaps Whee they are newly hatched. but -düfeya Tipala TR. z ger but as I had brought them down fo far as to conne& them with thofe made laft year (^), this interruption was of lefs confequence. : - Before I take leave of this part of my fubject, and give fome ac- ‘count of the Jchneumons mentioned. above, I muft obferve that the female of Tipula Tritici approaches very near to the female of one defcribed by Geoffroy (2), which Fourcroy and Villars after him have called Tipula immaculata. His definition of that infe&, * ara alis niveis, ' and his defcription i in French, anfwer exa&ly to a minute ` black Tiula, which I find common upon the wheat, remarkable for ` its beautiful plumofe antennz (5). The female, he obferves, is very different from the male, and it is neceffary to have feen them copu- lating, not to make of it another fpecies. It is fhort, thick, yellow, with black. eyes (7). He fpeaks of his infect as common in gardens, a fituation in which I have never found Tipula Tritici. This defcrip- tion certainly approaches very near to our female, yet the colour of that is deep orange, and not yellow: befides, he makes no mention of the beautiful prifmatic hues which adorn the wings. The black male, mentioned above, difappears at the fame time with our female. of the wheat, but it agrees in no refpect with the fpecimen you re- ceived from Mr. Markwick : :befides, I found another r blaek’ one, which appeared to me to be its female. — I fhall now proceed to give you fome further account of he's in- fects which prey upon Ti age Tritii. I have reafon to ae as T tn). Linn. Tranf. iv. p. 230 (o) Bj. ab. des Inf. ii. p. 567. n. 26... Q). Le. mate. de cette petite efpéce eft allongé comme les précédens, avec le ventre mince et en filet. Sa couleur eft partout d'un noir matte. Ses antennes forment de beaux plumets. Ses ailes font d'un blanc laiteux, qui fe fait d'autant ge e A que fon corps eft fort noir. TG (q) La femelle eft très différente, & il faut iri avoir vů diongits eut pour n'en . pas faire une autre efpéce. Elle eft courte, groffe; de couleur jaune, avec les yeux noirs.. On trouve cette Tipule partout dans les bofquets des aimes hinted 102 Rev, Mr. ys Continuation of the hinted before, that there are not lefs than three Jchneumons attached to it. If Providence for wife ends has created fo deftru&tive an in- fe&, it has been no lefs attentive to prevent it from becoming too numerous, by making it the food of fo many other infects. . - "Upon the feventh of June I obferved a very minute Ichneumon exceedingly bufy upon the ears of wheat, which at firít I took for Ichneumon Tipule (r); but upon a clofer examination I found it to be a fpecies entirely di(tin&t (s), as will appear when I come to defcribe it. -As foon as I was convinced of this, and obferved that it pierced the florets at a time when no larvae had made their appearance, I conjectured that it muft lay its eggs in the eggs of the Tipula. How far this conjecture was well or ill founded muft be determined by future obfervations, as I do not think I have collected, fa&ts fuffi- cient to decide the queftion. This. infe& is furnifhed with an acu- feus three or four times its own length (2), which is finer than a hair and nearly as flexile: this is. commonly « concealed within the . abdomen, but when the animal is engaged in laying its eggs it is exerted: one day it gave mea full opportunity of examining this procefs It inferts its aculeus between the valvules of the corolla near the top of the floret ; its antennz are then nearly doubled and motionlefs, its thorax is elevated, and its, head and abdomen de- preffed : the latter, when it withdraws. the aculeus, is moved fre- quently from fide to fide before it can extricate it. This infe& has allowed me to examine its operations under a lens for fix or feven minutes: upon opening the floret into which it had introduced its aculeus I could find neither egg nor larva of the Tipula; but; upon examining it very clofely under three glaffes, I difcovered, fcattered over one of the valvules of the corolla, a number of lobules eggs * Ar) Linn. Tranf. iv. p. 226. Tab. i Ww. fig. 8. (s) Fig. 4. " Fig: Ppa: | diss extremely ccc Hilary of Tipula Tris -~ 103. extremely minute (v), evidently not thofe of that infe&. It is pof- . fible that there were in this floret eggs of the latter, which might be deftroyed upon opening it, or efcape my obfervation, At other times I . have found eggs of Tipula Tritici, and once fome larvz, in florets upon which I had obferved this Jcbzeumon bufy. If we reafon from analogy, and the general habits of the genus Ichneumon, the eggs of this infect ought to be depofited in fome other infe& in one of its flates; but, in the inftance above mentioned, it feems only to have been attentive to fcatter them in fuch a fituation as might lead them when hatched to their proper food. From the time in which it firft makes its . appearance, ten days before the hatching of the firft larve, I am inclined to adopt my original conje&ure, that the eggs are its prey ; and yet there feems not to be a fuflicient difproportion between thc fize of the one and the other for this purpofe; at leaft it mutt take more than one to nourith a larva of the Zcbueumon to its proper fize. Where we are not in poffeffion of fufficient inftances to eftablith any . fa& beyond doubt, it would be great prefumption to be too pofitive; I fhall not therefore pretend to decide in which of its ftates our fly - furnifhes food to the offspring of this Ichneumon, 1 think we may with more confidence affirm, that it is attached. to Tipula Tritici in one of them. The circumftance of its depofiting its eggs within the florets of the wheat, in the very fituation chofen by that infect for the fame purpofe, and ufually where either its eggs or larvæ. were concealed, fufficiently eftablithes this point; unlefs we may fuppofe it to prey upon Thrips Phy/apus. This latter infe&, however, to the beft of my recolleétion, I did not find in any of thofe florets which I examined after feeing this Ichneumon infert its aculeus into. them. | It is probable that its appearance is later, as there. is no mention ofi it “jn my memoranda of this year. (v) Tab. iv, fig. 5. b. * On 10% | Rev, Mr. Kirpy’s Continuation of the --On the twenty-fecond of June I obferved another Ichneumon (w), not uncommon, piercing the florets of the wheat. This fpecies did not appear to infert its aculeus between the valvules of the corolla, but to pierce the glumes of the calyx; to effe& which purpofe it is armed with a very fhort one fub-exerted: of this 1 found both the fexes; the male was diftinguifhed from the female by its large eyes, placed very near each other, with reticulations unufually vifible. I prefume this to lay its eggs in the larvae, but have not been able pofi- tively to afcertain the fact. Upon the fame day that I firft oblerved this fpecies, our Zchnewmon Tipule made its appearance in great num- bers; a ftrong proof that the larvae were now generally hatched. Concerning this Jchneumon I have no new remarks to offer, except that it muft introduce itfelf within the floret to come at the larvz, as appears from its mode of laying its eges (x): fo that thefe three enemies of the Z75z/a have each a different method of attacking it. The firft undermines its little fortrefs, the fecond makes a breach i in the wells, and the third carries it by ftorm (7). : Amongft the infects of other genera that I particularly noticed upon the wheat this feafon, the Aphis granaria (x) was common; as was likewife a fpecies of C/mex in all its ftates, but I could not per- ceive that it devoured our 77 ipula. It anfwers in fome refpects to C. lateralis of Fabricius (2), but in others it differs much from it: I tue add a 1 defeription ofi it to rene others a at t the end of this letter. bw (ah Tab. iv. fig. 1o. (x) Linn. Tranf. vol. iti. poli ind vol. iv p. 236. (y) On the fourth of July I faw another Ichneumon inferting its aculeus into a floret of wheat, but it evaded my endeavours to take it, It feemed much too large to have a conneétion with our 77 ipula. (z) Linn. Tranf. vol. iv. p. 238, note * 5 -4 e Fabr. Sp. Inf. 2. p. 372. n. 209. Linn, $yff. Nat, ed. Gmel. p. A n. $17. Several A AUI M p i AY AM C asd ki Hiftory of Tipula Tritici. FI 105 Several fpecies of the genus Empis alfo ren dente the wheat fields, . often carrying off our Tipula i in their diminutive beaks. ` aug have now given you as complete an account of thefe infeéts as the obfervations of the prefent year enable me. Something {till re- mains to be done; for inftance, to afcertain the male, the hyberna- cula of the pupa, to collect further fa&s relative to the two new. Ichneumons, and, from obfervations taken in fücceffive years, to deter- mine how far our crops of this grain depend upon the increafe or decreafe of the Zipula and its Jcbneumons. 3 Cui bono? is a query often put to naturalifts; and the agricultu- rift perhaps will afk upon the prefent occafion, Can you inform us ` how we may prevent or diminith the ravages of thefe infe&ts? In reply to this, I would obferve, that the firft ftep. towards curing a diforder, is to find out its Gale In the prefent | inftance this is the . bufinefs of the naturalift, and this ;/ done. The intelligent farmet has no longer to afk what occafions the:mifchief ; all he has now to. do, is to aim at difcovering a remedy. | By: a fet of experiments firft made | upon ai {mal cele he may poffibly find out fome method that - will prevent this infect from laying its eggs in his wheat: thefe fhould commence as foon as the ear begins to quit the folium vagi- nans:or hofe ; ; and they ought to be continued till the germen is im- pregnated, or, to ufe the rural phrafe, the wheat is off the bloffom. Perhaps fümipations of tobacco ór fulphur, if made when the wind was favourable, might render the ear difagreeable | to this infect. Much of the i injury ' "Which this fly does, in. years peculiarly favour=. able to: its-increale, it i ds -pofüble, by fome:fuch means might be pre- vented ; :yet it is not certain that the total annihilation of it would ba ultimately beneficial [on But be it granted that our labours lead es > ad the (b) We are very apt to think, ‘that if certain noxious fpecies of animals AA "he anni hilated, it would be-a great benefit to the human race; an idea that drifes only from our “Wor V. E : a fhort- 106 | Rev. Mrs Ka RBX'S: Continualion of the the way to no difcovery of this kind, may it be faid that we have been idly bufy and unprofitably laborious, when we have fucceeded in developing fome of the moft curious myfteries of nature, and in laying open the hiftory of fome of thofe fecondary. caufes, which, guided by the hand of Providence, produce fcarcity or plenty: as the one or the other preponderate ? E - As I made my defcription of Tipula Tritici lat year from a fi ngle Ípecimen,. and. that, produced before i its time, it will hardly be decried tautology. if I draw out a new. one ; 5 more efpecially. as an error with refpe&t. to the colour of. its wings. much calculated to miflead an _ examiner, has crept into it. In my. MS. I find it “ alis albidis? but Yfee it is printed : e alis , byalinis,” an ‘expreffion ) which completely mif- reprefents their colour. As two new fpecies of Ichneumon. are to be defcribed, it may alfo not be amifs to work over again the defcrip- tion or. dcbneumon, t rd with. a view jo. aom: T. rufo-fulva; oculis nigris; alis lacteo-iricoloribus margine pilofis. Femina (c). 123 Tota rufo-fulva; thorax intenfiüs, pedes autem dilutiüs. Antenne "eorpore nd odgiorty duodecim-articulatz: articulis pedicellatis fhort-fightednefs, and « our - ignorance "of the acer parts of the gteat plan. of Providence. We fee and feel the mifchief occafioned by fuch creatures, but are not aware of the good ends anfwered by them, which probably very much exceed it. I have heard of farmers, who, after having taken great pains to deftroy the rooks from their farms, upon being fuccefsful, have fuffered infinitely more in their crops, from the great increafe of the larva of infects, before kept. under by thefe birds, than they ever did from the rooke. themfelves. The fame might be the cafe, could we annihilate the Tipula of the wheat ; for every link of the great chain of creation is fo clofely connected on each fide with others, and all parts fo combine into one whole, that it feems not eafy to calculate the _confequences that would arife from the entire removal of the, moft infignificant, if any can be seemed fuch, from the fyftem. ees Tab. iv. fig. Is- : ; oe : . .. oblongis -— oblongis medio. conftrictis ( 4) s bipinantes: - ‘Oculi . nigri fuprà conniventes. /¢ corpore longiores, ample, apice » wWotundate ; margine omni, fed interiori precipue, pilofo p laos- tee coloribus prifmaticis pro fitu varie niicantes. Abdomen vax - gina inftru&um i act aculeum sva filiformem. exi ferente. | tee 100.303. soy id Edo iu i / Longitudo c corporis PHP evelutd) Mak: ei TER aj ul E0771 fpicas ‘prima | æftate Vefperi circumvolitat, intra Bofculos. aculeum ani inferens, ova inibi pofitura poft. quatuordecim dies larvae exclufz polline antherarum vel. nectare mipan, vef- cuntur granum exinanientes (<). | n I. cd MN: capite: adamin peer nitido ( f , : Ran atrum. . Antenna fracto capitate. ' Caput et thorax fubob- curi. le hyalinge aveniz corpore longiores ; faperiores line- | oà nigra, a bafi verfus- medium dué Mi, pundto 1 rotundo defi- . nenti, notatz. Abdomen lanceolatum, i iti i "valdé acutum, aculeum ' ‘Tongiffimam flexilem exícrens, ^ Pedes ic ampi femoribus atris fubclavatis. yI "15 21 ^ Longitudo corporis infra Tuiedm. " r + | Hb v! esie æqualis et. hoftis; horis, diurnis | circa {picas. triticeas {a Volans „In, cujus flofculis, aculeo, ipis, ovis. Ti ms Tri nd. hs cpm! fua poji? ^ nidis "s x Bar: tennz are not to be mE but aiit à viec ipie vod (e) Qu. Does Linnzuüs's Tchneumon pM P Nat. Gad. P. 27 — n 2-70) elong to see ee? EE ae PM ume oru Sono : des Y 2 a The 108 Rev. My. KYRBY’s Puoi the The antennz of this very minute infect are exceedingly: fingu- lar (g je The firft joint is long, rigid, and clavate (4); examined in a certain direétion obcordato-bifid at the apex; this divifion ferves as a focket for the next joint to act in: (7), which is connected with it by means of a {trong membrane or mufcle (B), and performs the part of a ball or pivot: the four next joints are perfectly globu- lar (7), and extremely minute ; the clava, unlefs under a very power- ful magnifier, appears folid ; but, in that cafe, it is plainly difcerned to Kum of oda articulations very clofely fet together rz). 2. Tipule. Y snipers antennis big pedibüfque ie tibus pofticis cla- vatis apice nigris; abdomine obovato (n). Corpus nigrum... Antenne fraCtze, vibratorie, thoráce longiores, rufz articulis quatuor ultimis majoribus nigris. Caput et thos. {> Fax fubobfcuri. Ale avenise jtitdacoldte; LSE Gig es. on ^E OOVELSR VE Wwe SS Se c SNP. Ode VIT QAUE ou 3 wo E f rafosteltacei tibiis clavatis; Solnes: apice nigris. ; © Longitudo comport: infra lineam. APR Tritici larvis cortemporaneus, infeftus, .quibus concredit ovula fua, ovum unicum. de DANS fingulis. Es ij QUIS URS es HEIL liu ud bd s The antennz of "m ante as well as every other part, are ex- tremely different from thofe of the laft. They confift firft of a very long joint rather flexuous (o); from this to the four laft joints, under a powerful magnifier, we could difcover no articulations ( 2) and yet from the mode in which this part of the antennz appears fometimes to be bent, I cannot help fufpecting that there are fome, (g)Tab.iv. fig. 67. — (4) Fig. 7. a, (i) c (È) b. ET d. ih (m) Fig. 7. c. (») Fig. 8. (2) Fig. 9. a. (9) Fig. 9. b. ; | | although A Miforg of Tipala Titi, © vog although extremely minute. The four laft joints are black, cid . difunét, and much larger thah the reft (g). d - 3. penetrans. T. nigro-zneus; abdomine atro oll (cede, comprelfo ; ano truncato, aculeo fub-exferto (7). Corpus nigro-zeneum, nitidum. Antenne nigre, clavate, thorace breviores, acute. Ala avenix, hyalinz ; fuperiores lineolà me- ~ did marginis craffioris nigrd demum in difcum obliqué incur- rente, et puncto rotundo definenti. Abdomen atro-cerulefcens, fub-compreffum, ano truncato, aculeo fub-exferto. Longitudo corporis infra lineam. EC riticum frequentat fimul cum precedenti, glumas aculeo. brevi " penetrans ovula pofiturüs, Mai, oculi. dile: pallidi ^ approximati. ^ ^ ~ ; The clava of the antennz of this little infect confifts of four joints fet clofe together (s); the laft is the largeft, and acute. We could not with certainty determine whether its fe otftalk was Jointed . or not. I owe the drawings of the | antennz gr. the three laft dandis to the accurate eye and pencil of the Rev. Peter Lathbury, of Wood- bridge, F. L.S. a moft ingenious and intelligent naturalift. Thefe Ichneumons (t) may be placed after Ichnéumon fecalis of Linnzus, and Ti ol. Tritict i nt Pini of De Geer. (n Tab. iv. e 9. ce : 2e (r) Fig. ro. — (Fig. 11. a. (#) The remarkable variations in the form of the antennz in thefe Sut fpecies, un- doubtedly of one genus, fufficiently prove that Geoffroy was wrong in feparating his genus Eulophus, &c. from Ichneumon merely on account of that circumftance. Hi y ab, des In ji. Er fig. 3. ns (ss eig I fhalt- E 2: LN Ilo — Rev. Mr. Kirsy’s Continuation of the I {hall now, as.I promifed above; proceed to defcribe the Crmex which I found fo common upon the wheat in all its ftates. * CIMEX. |. Obbngi, antennis Jetaceis. longitudine, corporis. Tritici C. anguftus, niger ; thoracis lateribus, coleoptrorum limbo, | | femoribufque pallidis, | Corpus valde anguftum, nigrum. Rofrum thoracis longitudine, ‘pallidum. — Antenne obfcure rufz articulo primo majore pubef- centi nigro. Caput, fronte acuta, poftice pallidum, | linea inter- media longitudinali exaratum. Ocu/ prominuli. Thorax antice anguflior, lateribus lineolifque tribus intermediis pofticis, palli- dis. Scutellum nigrum lined intermedià elevatiufculà. Elytra nigricantia margine exteriori laté pallida, pallore paululüm virenti. le hyalinz iricolores. Pedes lividi, tibiis tarfifque pe nigris, oe ee ee oe n Sonido corporis fini 2di Iesusi of? es in 7riticé culmis et fpicis, Larva, ics Imago. -. . So much for this year's obfervations upon Tipula Tritici. Roe tc. Eoia y ay are TS daa-cqaoH 2S Believe me; 8. &à ^ ^ ^. - ea XE eR ij EXPLA. Fig... f 2. pet t 10. II. Hiforylof Tipula Tritici. TOM III EXPLANATION or TAB, IV. Tipula Tritici magnified, with its Vagina and Aculeus, (a) The Vagina. (b) The Aculens. (c) The Eggs paffing through the Vagina. . (d) A patch of Eggs. (e) A Larva newly hatched, and adhering. to the lower end of one ofthe Anthers. — A portion of one of the Antenne greatly magnified to fhew the form of its joints. Ichneumon inferens magnified. Abdomen of ditto. (a) Aculeus exerted, long and flexile. The Antenna of ditto. | | A different view of the Antenna. 2d. pos |. The f jain Jong, rigid and clavatey ebeordito- bifiWattheapex. — — Pages a DI 0) The membrane that coana the ieoa bint with it. (c) The /econd joint, which aéts the part of a ball or pivot. (d) The fout S Esta iit see and parcis minute. 99! 225 EG The Clava of four joints fet clofely together J isti Tipule magnified. pame P “The Antenna of ditto. — (a) The firft joint, very long. (b) The fpace from the firft to the Sut laft joints, not _ vifibly articulate, but I fufpeét it to be fo. - (c) The four laft joints, black, and larger than the reft. Achneumon penetrans magnified. — E T The Antenna of ditto. E m . (a) The Clava of four joints fet clofe rogethels the etal a largeft and : acute, ; 9 ee | x 7 x Olfrcotione upon certain Fungi, rd Pardi of ibe Wheat. By the Rev. William Kirby, FLL.S. ` Se February 5, 1799- erino me the time that my attention has been directed to thofe infects which frequent the wheat fields, I have: often had occafion to obferve the appearances produced i in that grain by feveral different fpecies of Fungi (a), which derive their nourifhment from it. Ithought of confidering this fubject at large; but as my time is likely to be fully employed in other purfuits,. Iíce no probability of doing this in the manner. that I could with; and therefore having - made fome obfervations, which, though by no means complete, may not be wholly unimportant, I now beg leave to lay them before the Linnean Society; trufting that they may ferve as hints to others who. may be inclined to enter more fully upon fo interefting a fubject. I have noticed be. or fix different. fpecies. of thefe. Fungi. The firft I fhall mention is named by Dr. Withering Reticularia Se getum (2). In the Rev. Henry Bryant's s pamphlet upon Brand (c), it is called (2) That thefe appearances are baika by minute vegetables of the onde? of Fungi, feems now to be CET by thofe naturalifts who are the moft- converfant with that order. (b) Bot. Arr. vol. iv. p. 383. (c) A particular Enquiry into the Caufes of that Difeafe. i in the Wheat commonly called Brand, &c. Norwich 1783. Duf ~ Tm Ps nr Rev. Mr. Kinav's Ob/ervations upon certain Fungi. 113 Duf Brand (d). - Here its ufual name is Smut or Burnt Corn. This . fpecies is common to wheat, oats, barley, and rye. I have alfo feen Feffuca fluitans, and fome other graffes, affected by it. Itis fcent- - lefs, and confumes not only the farinaceous part of the grain, but even the arillus and chaff, difperfing itfelf entirely before the corn is cut; fo that the injury which it occafions is confined to the quan- tity of grain deftroyed by it, which is not very great in any feafon. I have feen, more than once, half an ear of corn affected by this Fungus, when the other half was found and good. Sometimes it injures all the ftems that fpring from the fame root; at other times part of them efcape: I never could difcover any difeafed. appear- ance about the root. The car is often affected by this Reticularia be- fore it emerges from the Jolium vaginans, or bofe. Barley and oats are more frequently attacked by it than "wheat ; but this may be accounted for by the latter being ufually drefed for fowing. -Mr. Lathbury examined the duft of this Fungus under a powerful magnifier, and found that it confifted of a number of mi- nute particles, uniform in fhape and fize, much fmaller and blacker than thofe of the Pepper Brand, and lefs eafily feparable : : they feemed to be contained in little irregular cell This duft or fe ed is the food of a fmall, fhining, black Dermfes (one The next fpecies that I fhall mention is what Mr. Bryant diftin- guifhes by the name of Pepper Brand (f£); with our farmers it is fimply called Brand or Bladders. This fpecies does not eat through the arillus, confuming only the farinaceous part of the grain. ‘The ears affected by it are eafily difcovered by their external afpect; for the chaff opens, as if unnaturally diftended (g), the germen becomes fhorter and rounder, and exhibits the appearance both | of fpes ^) Hie p.3r 54—56; (9 Dermeftes ater. Mein, 4 f ) Bryant P. ». a (e) Bryant, p. 43. : 2 “Vor V V. 3 - Q and H4 Rev. Mr. Krrsy’s Ob/ervations upon certain Fungi and (if it may be allowable to apply fuch a term to it) inflamma- tion ; for, inftead of the pale, pleafant green which i is the colour of - this grain in a healthy ftate, it aflumes one of a deep and dingey - hue=in this ftate it eafily breaks when rubbed; and the footy pow- | der, that foils the fingers, emits a very fetid fcent, extremely fimilar to that of putrid Afh or Chenopodium Vulvaria. Thefe circumftances | fufficiently diftinguifh it from Reticularia fegetum, and render it, when at all plentiful, exceedingly prejudicial to the farmer ; for, as- it does not eat its way through the arillus, and difperfe itfelf before: fex > n is cut, it is carried with it into the barn, and, being broken: aide the flail, when the wheat i is threfhed, difcolours and other- wife injures the fample, to fuch a degree as to render it unfaleable,. or at leaft greatly to reduce its price. To prevent this evil; farmers generally drefs their feed wheat with various preparations: fome ufe: a lixivium of wood aíhes and: urine; others, falt and water only, or fea. VAM df at hand; others, the lie. from | 4 ^: , o - n, wine and cheefe whey ; and T have heard of fame whe Tave infufed arfenic for this purpofe. All, I believe, dry their feed with freth flaked lime. This cuftom, which is nearly univerfal, at leaftin - thefe caftern counties, proves the idea to be general, that the difor- _ der originates from the adhefion of the duft or feed of the Brand to- the feed. of the wheat, and that b ; thefe meth ‘ods it às either wafhed | off or deftroyed : but what kind of fubftance it- t ii ve petable, or merely a diftemper incident to this grainy agticulturitts do not-trouble themfelves much to inquire » this indeed is properly. . . the bufinefs of the naturalift; and of thefe latter the opinions con cerning it are various. - Mr Bryant, in the pamphlet referred. to: above, is ftrenuous for its being occafioned by.an injury whieh he fuppotes the anthere receive, by too great conítriction,. when the ear mee from ~ Jotium vaginans (5); and therefore he fcouts. - 5) Bryant o— - +P. 50—53 the tiş the common practice juft mentioned of dreffing the feed, as anfwer- ing no: good end, and deftruétiye of the grain (/).. Some take the duft. for the eggs of infects, and others adopt, what to me appears | the moft probable opinion, that this evil is occafioned by a minute vegetable of the order of Fungi. Mr. Bryant founds his hypothefis upon few experiments, and thofe not very precifely ftated (4): the one was favourable rather than - otherwife to the practice which he is endeavouring to fet afide (7). This was made upon a fmallícalein his garden, From his larger experiment no fair confequences in fupport of either fide of the queftion can be drawn; for it was made in two feparate fields, the corn being fown unprepared in one, and dreffed as ufual in the other (m). ‘Whether thal fields) were near to tipi other, or far afunder, or of a imilar or liffere il, | iform us. refult of. this aent « was ae in vaut ET much he con- feffes) (n) of the undreffed feed. Now, as fome years are much : more pages to he Xu of Brand, it is probable, than d it is not to be expected d that. mapin. fhould fo ea pio ii would | hoher talc ild a fyfte zg aian experi E much more numerous and decifive than thofe related by Mr. Bry- ant, which.were made in a fingle year. Again, as fome foils may be more given to the production of this difeafe, or whatever we are e - roy In juftice t to this gentleman, I muft acknowledge, that, with refpet to this circum- ion feems founded. upon fa& ; for I am informed by intelligent farmers, — ain does perifh, as they a^ by the ufe of lime. But is the evil : M. greater than. the evil prevented? | 7 IX (k) Bryant, p.24, 25. - (1) Ide P. 32,33. — (m) Td. P- 24, 25. m " Ds 33 ` (0) A tenant of mine, in the year 1797 I think, told me that his wheat that | year was very much injured by the Brand, although he prepared it in the fame: manner as he had done for ten "e before, and always till then with fuccefs. — | 3 E ied aes to II6 — Rev, Mr. KiRBY's Ob/ervations upon certain F ungi c to call it, than others, nothing fatisfa&ory can be deduced from fuch experiments as are tried in different fields, where the foil, ' afpect, or mode of cultivation and management, might be different. Mr. Bryant's method of accounting for this diforder is certainly in- genious, but founded upon no arguments which can convince one ' who is in fearch not of theories but of truth. That the practice of. dreffing the feed previous to fowing, in the way above mentioned, is a very effectual preventive of the Brand, will appear fufficiently evi- dent, when I proceed to lay before the Linnean Society the refult of fome experiments made by my ingenious and accurate friend - the Rev. Peter Lathbury, F. L.S. Upon my informing him that I . Was going to put together a few obfervations upon the fubject, he | very obligingly allowed me the ufe of his memorandum-book, which alfo related another very decifive experiment, upon a large fcale, made by a gentleman of his acquaintance. It was in confequence of reading Mr. Bryant's treatife that Mr. Lathbury- and this gentle- man made their experiments. To thefe I fhall add a few inftances, out of many, that have fallen within my own knowledge. Mr. Lathbury procured two finall parcels of wheat, one from a clean fample not at all infected by the Brand, and the other from one which it had much injured. Each parcel he divided into four equal portions, and prepared for fowing as follows, dreffing one por- tion from each parcel in the fame manner. The firt he wafhed carefully with fpring water, and wiped with a foft dry cloth. The next he dipped in ftrong white wine vinegar, and allowed to dry upon a fheet of writing paper. A third he covered with falt water taken from the river; and after letting it remain in it for twelve hours, he wiped it as the firft. The fourth portions were not dreffed at all. The wheat from the clean fample was planted on one fide of - his garden, and that from the branded one on another. When he fowed -= "welch are Parafitics of the Wheat. 117 fowed the two undreffed portions, before he covered the feed with | earth he fprinkled upon it fome Brand duft. The refult of his expe- riment was, that the three firft portions ‘of both forts which had been prepared for fowing were very little injured by the Brand. Thofe which were from feed of the clean fample had only one ear affected, and that partially. "Thofe from the: branded fample pro- duced two ears that were partially branded, and three that were affected by the Smut or Duft Brand (Reticularia figetum). But the - "produce of thofe portions which had been fprinkled with the duft of the Pepper Brand was greatly injured by it, three-fourths of the grain being deftroyed. There appeared no difference in the number of plants produced from each portion of the clean feed; every grain, — vegetated, except in one inftance, where it was evident that thofe which perifhed were deftroyed ‘by an infect: but the number of plants produced from the injured feed was various ; that which was wafhed with water produced the greateft number, and that wetted with vinegar the fmalleft. Mr. Lathbury, in the dreffing of the feed for his experime it, does not appear to have ufed lime ; which I prehend to be the moft efficacious preventive of the evil, though at the fa fame time it may probably be moft deftru&àive of the ` feed. ‘Thefe portions of wheat were fown at Orford on the 2oth of - September 1786. L6 "The other experiment was made in the neighbourhood of Wood- bridge in the following year. I íhall give it in Mr. Lathbury's words: “ Mr. John Woolnough of Boyton,-a moft intelligent and excellent farmer, read Mr. Bryant's pamphlet, and, in confequence — of his arguments, the next year fowed a large field in alternate breadths with wheat taken from a good fample (without drefng) -and wheat that had been dreffed in the ufual manner. Long before the corn was ripe, the difference was moft diftinguifhable. Upon a | thofe : X118 - Rev. Mr. Kersy’s Odfervations upon certain Fungi à : o thofe /rerches (p) fown with dreffed wheat it was difficult to find any branded ears, except upon the edges, where it is probable the un- dreffed had been occafionally thrown in fowing it by hand. The _ other breadths were fo branded as to make it neceffary for. him to determine to carry the corn at feparate times to different places. A RE. ale u M foil, into which a field is divided previous to fowing. ES] = poc. the LZ theprefent year, a gentleman who occupies’ a pee elas id in the c of —— and 2203 is homi attentive ry & ing jd fowed the healatid with what was undrefféd. ^ The ebiféqueqéel was, that this part was very full of the Pepper Brand, while the reft of the field Pone Another Msn who was brought up in the but has now t: to arm ing, affares me, that fince fo amiadi is " ing "* sono of the common method, that. sé is determined to prépare: barley and dats in the fame way, in order to-prevent the Du/ Brand. I could multiply: more inftances, if ne= ceflary, from. ENR received pe — estar e sont 1 | thine aer ko de rand Duft b eins pe i off by the un friction of the d | againft another, when Rd over, or from the latter lofing its vegetative principle: but: - neither of thefé citcumftances would hinder its attack, if the Brand Duft were already in in: the foil. Befides, its remaining within the grain, and not like the Soc rand he arillus, militates ftrongly againft fuoi a Agere At is ning ve and hing’ of the orn would ys ina Bede à con ble "t -í - Still 4 ae not be underftood i Ter iit in the foil. never. T ircun nay 120 Rev, Mr, KigBY's Olfervations upon certain Fungi bury's experiments it appears, that the fimple wafhing of the fecd with water, if it be carefully wiped, anfwers all the end of fleeping in a more expenfive preparation. This perhaps could not be done with fufficient care and accuracy upon a large fcale, otherwife the -moft fimple and leaft expenfive method is certainly the beft, and all that feems to be wanted previous to fowing is thoroughly to cleanfe the feed from the Brand duft that adheres to it. Probably wetting the feed with water, and afterwards drying it with freth flaked lime, Miguld an Ger CVA T T ses cencQe Gn ro aicbeaatcos t The fappofition that the Brand is produced by infects is not fup- - ported by one fact or experiment that I have ever heard of: indeed, the fingle circumftance that the diforder originates with the feed, and from thence paffes by fome unknown channel into the plant, - entirely overturns it. I íhall not therefore lofe time by dwelling upon it, but proceed further to eftablith the third opinion, that the diforder is occafioned by a vegetable fubftance.. The fact eftablithed TD E P rttOr RES E 2s CE A AO a ae E nd n 2 by the above experiments, that the duft of Brand, carried into the ficld with the feed wheat, like other vegetables propagates itfelf, gives the higheft degree of probability to this opinion ; which is ftill further confirmed by the refult of Mr. Lathbury’s experiment of fowing it as it were upon its native foil (efpecially in the cafe of wheat taken from a clean fample), which feems to have occafioned 4 | Eee ORG m age teas ie At. cdd LEM YN (Cie et See X ee ot soph Re aks. TIO? 1 ; the deftruCtion of three-fourths. of its produce. _ This is as decifive a | Proof as can be defired of its being a vegetable. But what I think places the matter beyond all doubt, is that this duft, when put under a powerful magnifier, exhibits every appearance of minute feed. 1 happened to take fome duft from branded grains, I think laft year, which I laid by for future infpection.. After I had begun this Paper, I ftrewed fBme of that duft upon a piece of glafs; and putting it under a very ftrong magnifier over a refle&or, I was highly grati- fied which are Parafitics of the Wheat. — 121 fied with obferving that every particle of Brand was a globular feed ; not the leaít.variation in fhape or magnitude was vifible amongft — them. -I afterwards put a drop of water upon them, and let them remain in this fituation for fome time; but it produced no altera- tion whatfoever in their appearance. I afterwards examined in the fame way the duft of one of the ftellated Lycoperdons which I hap- pened to have by. me; but the particies of this were much fmallet than thofe of the’ Brand, and not of a form fo vifibly determinate. : Mr. Lathbury alfo tried a variety of experiments with the fame view; and in every one “the duft when diluted with water in- ftantly feparated, and prefented to the eye invariably a number < globules, touching each other, alike in form and fize.” ^ It now rémains for confideration, how thefe feeds! vegetate ‘and — from the feed With the growing plant till. they reach the heart of the graih.-- Thisi is an inquiry that may be extended to a great number of the Fungi, which without impropriety may be denominated /ubcutaneous: vegetables; for: inftance, the feveral fpe- cies of Zcidium (for they are numerous), Uredo (r), and not a few - Spbarie, except that thefe latter grow upon: decayin ng fubflances: but thefe I fhall let alone, and only offer a- ‘conjecture, for it is merely fuch; with refpe& to the Brand. Perhaps then the uncom- monly minute feeds of :this Fungus may attach themifelves either to the plumula, and fo país through the air veffels into the plant; or elfe to the rofel/um, which to me feems moft probable; and in that- cafe they ima be propelled through the fap veffels with the fap, till | . they arrive at their final feat, the heart of the germen. Whether this fpecies belong to the genus Reticularia or not, I- mut ` leave to be determined by thofe. gentlemen who are more deeply filled ; in ** cryptogamic . lore” than I am. (r) Are AEcidium and Uredo fufficiently p j Vor. V. , TA 3 The 122. Rev. MaKe Obfervations upon certain Fungi ' CThe next nT ORA of thé wheat that I. thall notice, is that ZEcid/um . -Rnownto agriculturifts by the name of the Red Gum.- This fpecies grows ufually upon the infide of the glumes of the calyx and of the exterior valvule.of the corolla, under. their epidermis; which, when the plant is ripe, burfts, and emits a powder of a bright orange colour, — -This little plant, which is now well known (5), does not appear to — be materially injurious.to the grain, if at all.. -I have feen ears full of it, with very plump:kernels.. I. have alfo found it upon branded ' ears, Before the cuticle which covers. the feed of this Fungus burfts, ias very much em guise of a fmall pu tul pes the nahen pame í E E S TEE ox DIIS tora bite ib: teris. Sh i - Another steno cibis order, which:is' ‘very: filion upon mahieag, is'that named by Mr. Lambert in the Linnean Tranfaétions (7), and . by: Mr. Sowerby in his elegant work upon Englith Fungi (v), Uredo ramen lt grows upon. the. foliage, culm, and glumes, burfting in longi udinal ftreaks from under the epider us. "Yhefe gentlemen »prefent this plant as ‘the blight of the wheat, which in certain fea- - fons and foils is fo injurious to. that | grain: I had myfelf for fome ` time fufpeéted that it was the caufe of that difeafe ; but after re- _ peated examination of ears the ftraw of which was quite black with it, I had given up that opinion, for in no one inftance was the grain injured by it.- Yet I would by. no means be:underf = alfertion of thief gap in totum. +: This} lant, : p ite Mudiodi Durst, it to fhrink i odi Mr. sp miuus s own = P experience feems to confirm this obfervation:: unleís the? mifchievous plant which I thall next men tion ‘had taken» poifeffion of the ear) at : the fame time that the-Urzdo: S accedi had: VES cs the = y rd uai — Tr vol. i. on 249, 250. / o la. a ‘ive pe 193, 194. de Engli ifh Fungi, vol. iis tabs exi, 0 hors a n [x SUE 7 sheubichs are Parafies of the Wheat, > => v13 for the fame circumftances would be favourable‘ to the production of both; although we have reafon to be thankful that the latter - is much the moft common of the two. 1 doubt not but thefe gen- tlemen will readily excufe my diffent from their fentiments in this - inftaüce ; and fhould future examination prove me in the wrong, I fhall with pleafure retract. In fubjeéts not thoroughly difcuffed and "tindétflood, the collifion of opinions contributes very muüch to bring - Tn the year 1797 the wheat fuffered much by the bight, or mildew ás'o&t farmers more commonly call it, by far the worft enemy of that grain; and I had frequent opportunities of examining into the caufe dE it; "The ears that were injured by it were to be diftinguifhed ata y their blacknefs ; and when ‘brought clofe-to «d as if foót; or fome other fatty: powder, had above, by Ure | Frumenti at the fame time.» ‘Some farmers, whom 1 - shave confulted; have! told mé that the ftraw is:always injur 1; but - others have confirmed my own obfervation in the field: above men- tioned, that itis notinvariablyfoo I. fhould obferve; that the foliage . NA | Manus I, E A eee of a ier 124. Rev, Mr. Kirss Obfervations upon certain Fungi of the mildewed.wheat in this field was diftinguifhed by another fpe- cies.of Uredo; though. perhaps this might be only another appearance of the mildew, which difcharged its feed at regular intervals in dots. . From the abfence of Uredo Frumenii in this inftance, it is evident that the mildew is independent of that plant, and fo vice versd, A whole . diftrict in the neighbourhood of Barham is particularly given to this evil 5 but;improved management of the foil, I am told, will ferve as a remedy. The appearance occafioned by the mildew, upon an ear examined under a lens, did not fo fully convince me of. its being a Fungus, as that of the four preceding fpecies ;. the dots were too, mi- nute to determine with. certainty. without, a. more powerful magni- hers, yet I ,am moft inclined to that opinion; and it derives addi- tional force from what was once related. to me by .a gentleman who had been abroad, that an Italian Abbate, I forget, who, had written a memoir upon the fubject, in which he had proved the mildew.to _ Bea very minute Lycoperdon. He promifed to fend mé the pamphlet, mildew, that I can learn; and I fént my f pecimens to Mr. Sowerby, . A have now brought to a conclufion what [had to fay upon thófe paralitic Fungi which I have obferved upon the wheat; and I hope that thefe hints, for fach only I defire that they may be confidered, - may induce other gentlemen, more deeply fkilled in this department of natural hiftory than I am,-to purfue them further; The fubject, if viewed as clofely connected with agriculture, is certainly import- ant 3 and if the ftudy of it fhould lead to a difcovery of a method of preventing the Bight, as effectual as that which has long been ufed by farmers to fecure their crops from the Brand, the naturalift who led the way to it-would have no reafon to think that his labours Were In vain. >: JOBEY15'd NS on Mach. has been. done in this country towards: inveftigating the io E | Fungi which are Pogi f the 7. Beat. — 125 Fungi by Meff. Withering, Woodward, Dickfon, Bolton, Sowerby, &c. yet the knowledge of this clafs of vegetables is adbuc im incuna- bulis, and many years muft elapfe before we may expe&t to fee it upon the fame firm footing with the other che of botany- There is fcarcely a leaf (at leaft of trees and fhrubs) falls to the ground,'that has not its peculiar Fungus, which, affifted by humi- dity, reduces it to its original earth. . The fame obíervation may be extended to fticks (w) and ftalks, and many other 'fubftances. ‘Fhe more we attend: to thefe things, the further we fhall fee into the plan of Divine Providence, : and, every. ftep: we take, be more. and. more convinced that, there.is nothing either, deficient or fu perfluous; but that all things are created in weight and meafure, and work to- gether (whether their offer po rp olere or or to deron #2 mote ‘the beft ends by sb moft efficacious means.. ; | Qo). ‘Mr. $o on v AT i Tus Bnek Qs Hop! Wt: it. ARIE Kis pen des mn m ‘decorticata to a particular fpeciéé of Bpbaria; : ag fugpefted by me, probably. owing to my bad Mee The name I intended was decorticans; from he Mibi - d its growing ix i ag xe fs j ifi f nive E^ gat vir ü poveinstr “st es *3 Of 33V f xxr bes ch vet vet he >- arent dice ties arifing i - 15735 ! ! sf ) (Ct > tan wt I I K 3 195 li t 3 à 1 3 y tet Hyd 30 ID u.c59f120.9401 erua aR sU -: a + d " . y = Š ix ms d : 3 = ^i E 5 5 i Gebi Be ud Aror bfiin.cuyT:3560 di “a ) pub c eo Se ‘rea cl pe WI its PO E l tS ED Osj i F iO 4 b eti 'n3 job E * Š 2i ` t XI. Calendarium Plantarum marinarum, By Dawfon Turker, Ejq.F.L.S. TEEN “ E vU PYTA t peat Á ve e SREE 3 sf S x q ipi Il re - t1 LEED ; rẹ ? D situ Read March 51709: ANDSOR. € $ i Zy mJ | ng YY of the periods at which es to our £ Li years attracted many admirers, to whofe zeal and abilities marine botany is much indebted; and this Society may boaft of having. given to the world by far the moft valuable account ever written of thefe plants. But much ftill remains to be done; and it can be done only by naturalifts refident upon the different parts of the coaft ac cuftoming themfelves to examine attentively the various fpecies in their feveral gradations, and laying before the world the refult of their inquiries. To ftimulate them to this, was one of my principal .. objects in bringing forward the prefent remarks ; for, as no Britifh .author has given us any thing like a complete lift of the times of - fructification of the fubmerfed 4Alge, thofe naturalifts who are in the Mr. Turner's Calendarium. Plantarum marinorum, — 327 the habit.of occafionally vifiting the fea, and collecting its produce - tions, are led to expect: that whatever they find they will find in per- ^ fe&ion; which has not unfrequently been the caufe of error asi well . to.themfélves as to others. For, to mention one inftance among many; the Fucus fubfufcus; which is one of the moft com mon fpecies- upon the, Norfolk. (bore, ar gofruGifies only in the ;earlieft, months of fpring, is generally gathered in September; and often;throughout the whole winter, with its ftem»and branches fwollen-in. various parts; which fwellings mány very learned: botanifts have miftaken for fruit, and conceived themfelves;difcoverers of either, what they called, diamorphous fructification, or new fpecies y although from having-again and again; in-companyawith my worth y friend’ Me, Wiggs, A. L. S. examined thefe tumours, I can; fafely pronounce; them, no- — thing more than.the fubftance! of the, frond fwollen, and canfeds)as I imagine, by fome marine infe: sthe fame being, though;not fo fre- quently, obfervable upon other Fuci; It were eafy to, palange upon this fubjeét, and produce many fimilar inftances of error; but as this: one is fufficient to eftablifh my point, I fhall refrain from faying more. at prefent, as I may probably at fome future time lay beforé this So- ciety a few remarks more particularly relating to tbe rhodé of fui Rcation that obtiins f chee cep 9 oan onu co Ried, bn the feres atcomis bet oig elfe df e ‘greater facility which would attend our inveftigation of the marine ‘Alga, could we, fx with tolerable precifion the, times when we might - expect. to gather them: at; piaturijy,L have. conftantly-.habituated myfelf to commit to writing at what months I have found the dif». ferent fpecies in fruit; and though my lift muft neceífarily be im-- perfect, as well becaufe I. am obliged to truft to the winds and waves, . the nature of our fhore not allowing us to vifit them in their places. of growth, as becaufe we find upon our coait only a limited num- - ; 2 E ZUM - ben. m TYTYA x x iy AY DEI 198 — Mr; Tun NER": Calendarium Plantarum marinarum. - ber, I neverthelefs flattermyfelf: with the hope that it may. have its ufe, by inducing the botanifts of diftant counties to beftow fome'at- tention upon this hégle&ed branch -of a favourite fubjeét, : For its accuracy, as far as it extends, I can with fafety vouch, as I have adb mitted nothing that has not been the refult of my own actual ob- fervation, either: upon Paci found along the Norfolk fhere, or upon a few which I have at'variots times received: ‘through; the medium of failors from the fouthern counties |! It now only remains for me to add, that a principal caufe of the imperfe&tion of the following Catalogue les in our being wholly "unacquainted with the fructification of many fpecies, as Fucus Jac- harinus, Filum; viridis, Bec. ‘together with almoft all the membra- naceous Ue, and a great proportion of the ‘Conferve ; which genus 4 fhall hardly mention, as our knowledge of the fpecies is at prefent fo imperfect, that it requires more than: ordinary fortune to find two botanifts bid Ere in d to the fame ee the fame ` “name, tud. cS Simi niit stiesdaboqa Pe Ssh etr du Mp i SE LA n A T IO "HICINUISTHTOUTEHEERONUT à ge Esc “ry February 10, 1799. 3 | CARMEN * This, Fucus, figured in the Flora Danica, tab, 886, was, I I believe, "T pedem io. be : a native of Great Britain by Sir Thomas Frankland, Bart, A. L.S. and i is. 'occafionally . gathered upon the Yarmouth beach. It deferves to be remarked, that when frefh- it is of a beautiful orange colour, which it lofes after having been a fhort time expofed to the air, and becomes of a pale Gà greens — in frefh water — mine: foadarkbrown. >- Deoh uE i g f a A | fpi Fucus | nodofus. =; zb radiatus. . JANUARY. | fanguineus. 0:5. 245^] ainuofus.: aer NEU. o uas ciliatus: 3:7 zi membranifolius..... * Jor lumbricalis. 4a, plicatus.' AS filiquofus. ~+; crifpus. h bifidus. .. — ferratus. ee UIT Fucus. Fucus Vor. V laciniatus ^ ^-^ patens. bat às FEBRUARY, ci Qidiiud nodofus. = ena ros filiquofus. CAMS ferratus. fubfufcus. plicatus. . finuofus. crifpus. ‘MARCH... nodofus... sz ferratus. . plicatus..z:2s: sila zoe fubfufcus. . 103 TN 2 lA. filiquofus. rley tab“ finuofusi isosiss á GEM hi Bd C latiniatis. 5^5 APRIL. ^ STS od Fucus nodofus. — ferratus. . plicatus. diffufus. fubfufcus. +; 7; finuofus. - i crifpus. immota vl ausi laciniatus. - Conferva coccinea. With. polymotphia. “a AICTE. or > A4 Pe ee ie MAY. unig gto Fucus fubfufcus. . finuofus, iac oig laciniatus; d crifpus. — diffufus. 05 Conferva. coccinea...» P a ¥ m Fucus coccineus.’ . n , S 130 Mro TURNER'S Calendarium Plantarum marinarum, Fucus kaliformis. |; ^ 75 AUGUST. dafyphylas: -5 Fucus kaliformis. afparagoides. ^. E pedunculatus, byffoides <--> purpurafceng — RON eenaa byffoides. . Conferva rubra —. afparagoides. ` diaphana, . x: coccineus. Ulva‘ atomarjs -530008 SOMES S dafyphyllus. . purpuraícens. ^ — bifidus, 5 = ea hypogloffüm. - in | QR Conferva rubra. n JULIO: ; diaphana, Fucus kaliformis. MADE. hypogloffum. _ | Ulva aine xüGidez - ee eee aue oUm ee E afparagoides; fiftulofa. . pedunculatus. mM uds Saee | SEPTEMBER. Conferva rubra. — Fucus crifpus. — diaphana, dafyphyllus. — — | «c ciliata. ernten] afparagoides. - Ulva ligulata =ni .. | confervoides, atomaria. vic = . bifidus. dichotoma, : coccineus, rubens. ` purpurafcens: purpurafcene. god laceratus. i fiftulofa, Conferva rubra. NOUS 5 | Ulva - . Mr. TURNER'; Calendarium Plantarum marinarum. IAI Ulva rubens. | dichotoma. . atomaria. fiftulofa. OCTOBER. Fucus bifidus. radiatus. faftigiatus. coccineus. purpurafcens. crifpus.- ? rubens. x: z > Hpo ^ laceratus. membranifolius.. _ fanguineus, - ciliatus nodofus,. confervoides;. Cone rubra. Ulva dichotoma.. atomaria.. . NOVEMBER. ET Fucus filiquofus, - crifpus. bifidus. purpurafcens,. Fucus lumbricalis.. radiatus. plicatus. nodofus.. ciliatus: - ` pinaftroides. - confervoides. membranifolius.. Ulva dichotoma. atomaria.. DECEMBER. aS Fucus. loreus.. node "S E lumbricalis.. OFIDUS. otoa filiquofus.. — fibrofus... mmu, . fanguineus. purpuraícens. membranifolius. ferratus. .. finuofus.. ciliatus. “Fucus veficulofus: and Ulya: .. diaphana are found in fruit dur- ing the whole yearn — S 2 XIL. An- ewsoilq kaii eto! OFF . XH. An Aaa: of the: Onchidium, a new Genus of the Clas à Vermes, | Sound i in net By Francis Bucbannan, M. D. 4. L. S nO eid June 55 1798. 28 i TEES č "HIS animal, which- lhavéialways found on the leaves of the pe ps am H-: iN Typha elephantina-of Dr. Roxburgh, is very nearly allied to the “ail or Limax; but differs in fo many of the gircumftances confi- dered by Linnzus as characteriftic, that I imagine it will be found to conititute a new genus. , To.this I would give the name Onchi- . dium, from the number of little tubercles with which the whole appar part of the animal. i is covered, i B2rlCuint d. ? Asti feist stay ig Ls edd d. x m Vermes. Meltats Ore mx corporebrachiaty. : ' auieidpONCHIDIUM. CHAR. GEN. Brachia duo ad latera capitis. Tenfacuh “duo. Os amticum. Anus pofticus; infra. ^^ 3 ! ig : OxcuriuM. die ns. sau Sà f. "T * r w^ i et eu ol Hii IX lig t ME Y 14 ee iS . $ GUTE a PASER'SEISM SES & EU Habitat i in foliis. Typha: Hephantise, O emet A Axel weet =) The body in ifs ftate ‘of reft is oblong, convex above, about a an inch long and three quarters of an inch broad; S: al the or- snm Gary bot ends, ‘about an iüch and F half or two inches long, ima halfor re quarters of “an inch broad; Jan the arms and feclers-of-thé animal : then become Vitiblez s It is flat; black, and. fmooth «below ; above pr Busi Anwan’ 5 Salita: f the Onchidium. -133 ‘convex, afh- óloméd) and covered with cai sayencies Fu in fize and: pofition. 51 arjit United lenethwife, on the under fide, to Hie ia cs is bar tm nexus would call the foot of the animal, as being the organ of mo- tion and ftability.. It is of a dirty yellow colour, linear, about a quarter of an inch fhorter than the body at each end when in mo- tion, and obtufe at the ends: it is flat below, and perpendicular at the fides.” It confifts of many tranfverfe rings, like a Lumbricus, by means of which the animal can move with tolerable quicknefs, adheres firmly-to the fmootheft furfaces in all directions, and turns itfelf flowly round. _ The head is yellowi(h, finall, ind placed under the fore part of the body, at the fore end of the foot, to. which it is joined. During the various operations performed by the animal, its head is con-` {tantly changing its form and fize; and, when entirely at reft, it is drawn up fo as to be hardly perceptible. When fully expanded, _ the head is flat and oval below; and there is a mouth placed length- wife with refpe& to the animal. This mouth alfo is conflantly va- . Tying its fhape from circular to linear. From each fide of the head comes what Linnzus calls an arm (brachium), like thofe of the Scy/- - ' læa, conftantly varying its form and fize, and at times entirely drawn in. Thefe arms are folid, compreffed, and, when fully expanded, fomewhat palmated; at leaft they are much broader and flatter to- wards the outer extremity. From the forehead arife two feelers, tentacula of Linnzus, exactly like the horns of a Slug, and having the appearance of eyes at their extremities. ips — 'This is not, like many others of the worm kind, an berméphro- dite animal, for the male and female organs of generation are in diftin&t individuals. I have not yet -— — any mark to diftin- CP gh the fexes while they are not in a, an in both, the anus "and Mi n s 3 T1324... “~~ Dr. BUCHANNAN's Account of tbe Onchidium, i - ráig ap. y — Gt! iuba RA a EN and fexual organs are placed in a perforation (cloaca communis) i in the under part of the tail, immediately behind the foot: but during co- ion of fexes is very evident, the penis protruding to er eth, confidering the fize of the animal. I have as yet a | great I learne | nothing with. regard | to the geftation of the ietuples o or how fhe € produces, ier young. ee EXPLANATION o or rüz FIGURES, "Tan. V. fig. Ie ‘The under fide of Onchidiam Tapes 3 1 2. The upper part. E he The fide view of thahet a XIII, Re- reales: lab 5p 104 (1995) XIII Remarks on fome tec ic] Feins ufed in Botany. ` By R, A, Salou, Efq, F.R, S. 8 L. S. Read Fuly 3, 1798. FTER the fcientific Obfervations of Profeffor Martyn on Botanic Language, publifhed in the firft volume of this Society’s Tranf- actions, and in anEnglith tranflation of the Termini Botanici of Linné, - . any thing further on the fame fubje& may feem unneceffary: but I am in the habit of ufing fome terms in a fenfe different from the Lin- nean definitions, and of excluding as well as introducing others, in my defcriptions of plants; and I wifh to learn how far the opinions of more experienced botanifts agree with my own. Should I be en- couraged, I may probably-in future ftudy this part of botany more ncn r I have | now to offer follows alphabetically. - | Abbreviatus.” "This tetm in Amen. Acad. is only mentioned under Perianthium, where an abbreviated perianthium is defined, not To long as the tube of the corolla. I recolle&t no inftance of its being ufed in defcriptions; fo that it is fcarcely worth retaining except for a fpecific name. Brevis fupplies its place, and admits of degrees of comparifon more readily. y Abrupte pinnatum folium. 1 confider every leaf which terminates without an odd foliolum, as abruptly pinnated. Linné excludes Cirrbus alfo, or any other part: buyi in that cafe, fuch a leaf | : | would 126 . Mr. SALISBURY s Remarks on would rarely be met with; for I have yet feen no abruptly pin-- nated leaf, which had not fore little procefs or other beyond the “Taft foliola. Cirrbi are inferted very differently i in different plants; - and being particular organs deftined to fupport fcandent ftems, - - their infertion fhould always be, feparately mentioned. Acetabuliformis. Like a circular fhallow faucer witli the fides more or lefsincurved. Tad. s. f. 4. Acicularis is nearly fynonymous with Jubulatus, but I eee it as indicating a more delicate and pungent. potih, = at E AA - EA Acuminofum filium. This I would define, apice in acumen planiuf- culum attenuatum, to diftinguith i it from all other points. © Adjcendens... Synonymous. with incurvus: Adverforum folicrum pagina fuperiores, a directione qua inferuntur or itic ne caulis, ` verfus coelum. vertuntur, hinc quantum maximum | . lucis obtinentes: ut folia Ulmi campefiris, Linn. "The definition of this term in Amen. Acad. is exceedingly ob- {cure, and can be underftood only from examples of it. All the adverfa folia I have feen were both, d; ficha and obliqua, according. to the Linnean meaning of obliqua. . JEquata hipirücien omnis incequalitatis expers. eft: diee eile, ftriata, {crobiculata, punctata, &c; 2 I have found this term very ufeful : it differs from planus, in not requiring the part to be level, or in a reétilinear direction, but frequently occurs in round bodies ; as in the peduncles of Iva. - Alveolata pars depreffionibus oblongis exaratur ; ut totus Litiodenir tùlipi P tn Linn. ; E ` Jome technical Term 3er dba differs from adfeendens or incurvus s it feia pecu- a proper to defcribe the change which takes place in the po. i fition of the leaves of Mimo/e and uus fleeping plants. Axis. Synonymous with Columella » Bina filia. Leaves inferted in three very different ways may yet all be called dina: either when they are oppofite, as in Lamium; fafciculated, as in Pinus; or approximated, as in the flowering - “branches of Datura. Calathiformis, | Bowl-fhaped: hesüfphacicl a on concave. BL. i: Xen 5: : contends that this term is the ‘Hott proper for t that evotüciam, which in the natural order of Liliacee has hitherto commonly Dee called corolla. Eod — Clone he adduces the Lin- pl AB ver - pasci Fone itoweieey if in talos true; for. "he. ae in this natural order feems to- me the firft expanfion _of the cuticle, and the true calyx. A proper bractea will always | be found at the bafe of the pedunculus, though in many genera itis hid between the infertion of the leaves p but i in etc it is coloured, and ti bie ne Synonymous = vo Circindli This term is Consi by: tinbé to defenie ie manner dn which the young fpikes in the natural order of Beraginee, and VOL. N: T is | the FUE in Bip. ee 137 * ¥ TE Mr. S ALISBUR Y $ Remarks on the young leaves sd Filices, are rolled up: it is then fynonymous with either involutus or revolutus, Colum. A common receptacle o on which the feeds are inferted in . fome pericarpiums : it is probably analogous to the placenta i in animals, and very confpicuous in the natural order of Didynamia | Ang io/perma. Cotyliformis. This term kina from acetabuli liformis i in having ftraight- E fides not incurved. T. ab. 5. fits 7 ende E Dirt. Gans tat iis calathi iformis, but not fe much bel- lying out, and rather approaching to infundi buli ifarmis.. Fig. 8 Cyathiformis. Like a ele : more or lefs obconical and con- cave. Fig. Q. CM Ln found this, and all the other terms of — I have given - figures, very ufeful in citinguithing fome of the fpecies of Nar. E and Erica. "MAN Bent down. - This term is rendered quite Tanem by deflexus, recurvus, - and reclinatus, which. expreís the mode of flexion more precifely. Difeus, - "The furface of any part excluding the borders. see -So I would diftinguifh it from Pagina, c0 ten. me | Elliptica | pars longior quam lata eft, marginibus medio lineis rau pa- rallelis, extremitatibus plus minus femicircularibus, siete Linné often confounds this term with oval. __ Fafüigiatus, according to the two Linnean definitions, is- ges with either corymbofus OI conicus. | I d now only ufe it for any part that is towering or lofty. d e Jome technical Terms ufed in Botany. ^ 439 - Favofus. Somewhat like a honeycomb. This term will be found very ufeful in decas the recepta- | cles of the clafs Syngenefia. | : Flagellum. Profeffor Gifeke wifhes to diftinguith a Caulis farmen- tofus by this title: but I think two names for one part unnecef- fary; and on the fame principle I reje& Culmus, Scapus and Frons, — for Caulis, Pedunculus and Folium. Mr AR: ere I would diftinguifh this by its having the lower part of the limb perfeétly horizontal with refpe& to the . tube: not by the fhortnefs of the tube, | ` Jrregularis corolla, asain: ts dif fering in proportion. - oP The effential character of an a irregular. corolla feems to me to refpe& folely proportion. Many fpecies of Gladiolus have all the divifions of the corolla exactly alike, except the uppermoft being . alittle more erect ; and LIS: are evidently. irregular. | p-- ef aa - Forts defcribe the upper part of a — lated leaf by this term. Limbus I confine to corolla, even i in EE _petalous as well as monopetalous flowers. | — Lenticularis. Plas minus fphzricus margine acuto ; inftar feminum Dr acane etf, folie, Linn. : Somewhat linear, and much an than broad. - Ds s Figura fuperne femiovalis, inferne anguftior lateribus linea plus minus arcuatà excifis. —— ; - The flowers of Ixia nasi Roch. aon an example of this T'a i 7 Maa Cens. ; 140 UB Mr, SALISBURY'; Remarks on. ` Marcefcens. Not "-— off after it is withered ; in iid enfe Loefling ufes it. k f Medioliformis. Somewhat globular and TANANI at both ends, Tike the nave of a wheel... t s : The tube of Cynogio ofum om mpbalodes, Linn. is an MERE Meni Jfcoideus. ` Somewhat globular, with. one fide concave. Nitidus. Synonymous with lucidus. DIT via M een = "Oli; quus, - Rants cut way ina loping diređtion, | like ethe mae of Vinca and leaves of Begonias —— -— LADfe has defined this termi very differently, ud has given m . examples of his meaning the leaves of Protea and Fritillaria: __ thefe leaves, however may, ad more properly called. zorta; and he hin lig e fenfe I have given to it Pagma. The whole furface of any part, including the bor der. he Papillaris. Somewhat like a nipple. I think this term fhould be De. from prn Pa- . gillofas founds too like ERA Jiedelgnaum os int "aes he Me Lc ht : Perkins, Continuing a long while green xc 2E to the other > patte = the fame flower or plant. Pocul; Jo Hollow and cylindrical with an a bafe, the fides at the top ftraight, and not recurved. Tab. 5: SE. To. E Pri aatis, Synonymous with zrzqueter. M WEE. D DE Recepia- Jome technical ‘Terms fed in Botany. ie Oe - Receptaculum; -The common. fupport or bafe of more flowers, than one; it is a very xm part in the clafs is Syngencfia la. REDE. Curved firft in à ‘convex, ‘ aus fy a ‘concave lines like the leaves of many. ipesies, of Erga: n amao T. Seroliculate pars, depreffionibus insjufculis fdborbiculartbas excava- ` tur; ut colum Trientalis europea, Linn. -—-— iw FD Spiralis linea uno pluribufve circulis fenfim elevatur. The different parts of vegetables may be either fpirally inferted, like the flowers of Ophrys fpiralis, Linn. or fpirally directed, like the leaves of Coffus Jpeciofus, Smith. ; zer, Eso may, Torr extend _ themfelves, like Westen, Fallifuer Ps d Ec SEED E mS or zc Lot: laca d áboot the hilum in the feeds of many genera: it is very WE in fome of the {pecies of Mimofa and Glycine from New Holland, _ | Spr ets Hits Uude EUM, 2goip— D Tortum folium. More or lefs twifted. © = o= o Be ‘Twifted parts fhould be accurately diftinguithed fi ‘Goer pirat | - parts, though the fame dire&ion occurs in both: but in the for- mer the axis of the fpiral line is in the amo themfelves; in the - Jatter quite diftin&, or out of them: ae. X ix Torus. The common fupport, or ud T. the — parts of E: fimpleflowe. ^. n many flowers it is very (sal; and cátindy E hid 1by the piit nA upon it; but in Ranunculus, Pafifora, ene and many : other genera, it becomes very con{picuous. E. : 15 rapesifrnis An arca with four unequal fides. | Trochlearis. 142 Mr. SALISBURY's Remarks, °c. Trochlearis. Pülley-fhaped, or like à er that is narrowed in the middle. The eu of Corypha 1s an example of this term. Turbinaius. Top-thaped : ‘it only differs from Pear-{haped i in being - fhorter, and more fuddenly attenuated at the bafe. ` Ferrucofus. Covered with rough tubercles like warts. EXPLANATION. OF ‘THE ‘FIGURES. Tan. as fg 4. SEIT ^ 6. Flos campanulatus Salle CA Solana. Corona SCE ERATE Narciff Radiiflori, Salifo. Prodr. * Corona galathiformis N araili OUR aes Floriflarum, anen Corona cotyliformis Narciffi patellaris, Sai. Prodr. | Corona cratereformis Narciffi ampli, 27/5. Prodr. Corolla inferne cyathiformis EOS Androfzmi- folii, Zinn. - Corona poculiformis N Narcifi pgculifognin, Sal if. Prodr, XIV. Aè- XIV. Account of a Cavern di ifeovered on the North-weft Side of the Mendip Hills, in Somerfetfbire. ET ashes Smith Giles, M. B. F.L.S. Read dori 25 1799: prusass the following account of a cavern wh s I vifited fome time fince may be acceptable, as we there fee the proceís going on,which N ature employs, a gn fobtancess in the kardet rocks — Peg is T At the tern oF a 6:53 ravine on "ic ea ect fide F the Mendip- Hills, in Somerfetíhire, near the little village of Berrington, | there has been difcovered a cavern of Seamus extent, in which was found a a great collection of human bones. - Asl have obferved i in this cavern many. circumftances hic ap- pear curious tome, I beg. leave to mention them, as I do not believe — — there is another place in the kingdom where the different ftages (if I may be allowed the expreffion) of bones incorporating with' lime- {tone rocks can be fo well feen. From the top and fides there is a continual dripping of water, which being loaded with a large quan- -tity of calcareous earth, depofits a white kind of pafte on moft parts of the cavern, Many of the bones are incrufted with this cement, and a large proportion of them are actually fixed in the folid rock. I {uppofe therefore that this fubftance, which at firft is in a ftate _refembling mortar, by lofing its water hardens into a firm and folid $^ Eo ftone. "44 - Mr. Grogs’ s Account of a Cavern i in Somer fesfbir e, E 4 ftone. I had an opportunity of examining the procefs in every part. Had the cavern not beeri difcovered, and thefe depofited fubftances ' not been removed, I do not doubt that the whole excavation would, in no great length of time, have been completely filled up. The water was full bringing frefh quantities of calcareous earth, and: the bones were in fome places. completely incorporated with the folid rock. Every degree of intermediate folidity was plainly difcernible. There were feveral mas of ftone, seach, of which contained a ftalaétite, Pa rua which, whew the’ cavern was 5 irk dc i covered, reached within an inch of a cone of the fame kind: which rifes from the foot, FUA lome, accident. a PSU part of the ftalactite column would have been dotted: of rea feos fcet in height. On ftriking this ftala@tite, a found is produced fimilar to that of a. bell, which may be heard at a confiderable c e beyond the mouth of thé cavern. 3 = of ma Mer PUR SUNL ! : e before defcribed, in the d ec Seriea m the j jeu 1794 and 1795. —— | I have to add, that this Cavern was difcovered about two years ago s: . y accident, and that no fátisfa&ory reafon has been oe for this _fiigolar accumulation of human Bones.” 3 mco XV. Remarks on ibe Nature and UE of marine Plants. ear A DM = uen Vel. 2» F. L. S. T ade | Reid Moy 7, 1799. AVING, in à former iiy into the-mode of propagation pe- culiar to marine plants, attempted to point out fome material errors, which accompanied the theories of Gmelin and Gertner, by proving, that the membranaceous'Fuci, which the former confidered. as merely ‘proliferous, ‘derived their origin from a@ual feeds; and that the numerous tribe of Gonferve, which Gertner, upon a very flight and fuperficial examination, has dogmatically declared’ to be deftitute of feminal increafe, were beyond-a doubt dependent upon: ieral law of Nature, for their propagation, as the Fucus: now lay are this Society fome further obfervations upon the fubject, arifing principally from an examination of the recent theories that have very lately made their appearance in the world. It may not however be foreign to the purpofe, to inveftigate the de- finition of the generic character prefixed by Linnzus to the Fucus, and which does not appear to be clearly ftated. P In the Genera Plantarum he defines the fuppofed male flower as. ` follows :.* Veficule glabre, cave, pilis intus afperfe ;” rendered: by the Lichfield Society, “ Veficles fmooth, hollow, {prinkled - with: hairs within;" and in the Nereis Britan. * Bladders fmooth 5 hol- low, interfperfed within with foft hairs." Linnxus, boni. cau- tioufly introduces this definition upon the authority: of Reaumur ; 39V OL. V. U : he t46 Cole Vain?’ 5 Remarks bn the Nature he diclaims all pretenfions to the difcovery upon which i itis founded, and moreover afferts,in the Philofaphia. Botanica, that the florefcence of the Fucus*had been firft brought to light by that author. Now Reaumur in no inflance admits that Wt male flowers are contained in the. air-bladders; . On the contrary, he, politively. Malmtains that .. the pencilled clufters of fine hairs, fpread, on the furface, are the male flowers exclufively. Whatever ambiguity, therefore, may be . attached to the word “ veficulzz" -as. applied: by Linnzus, or however he may. have vatied his mode expreffion at different times, ftill we-are to.recur. to the account of .t] covery; as ftated' by Reau- mur, for the reak import, and. meaning which ought, to. have been. conveyed. in the definitions of Linnaeus. fince on that alone his doctrine of the: male flower appears to. reft.: The defcription: cited. above from the Genera Plantarum feems evidently to.relate.to the airs - bladders in the Bus M ada and da induced. fome: authors to- confider. „the tification’ as -confined -to~ tliofe ae the do&tzine. of. Reaumar and "x yes ithe pente clufters of hairs, fcattered over. the furface of. the frond, are the male sides will find themfelves + reduced to the nies: of sie very properly produces the perns of Linnzus. in fupport of the a above opinion, In the . fame work, the Fucus Jerratus i is alfo noticed as having **two- kinds of fru&lifications fuf-. ficiently obvious ;” -icen the feed-veflels in the fummits, and the clufters of fine hairs ex ternally fituated. But it muft not be paffed over, that the fame appearances are equally obvious on the Fucus veficulofus and. alli its varieties. Admitting therefore that the male flowers are contained in the air-bladders, the Fucus veficulo ojus, muft of courfe have. three diftingt parts of fructification; one expofed, another concealed, and the third in 1 the fum- Y plats admitted) producing the feeds, - LIU. sss ting & * Ld pagation of marine Plaats t47 ting two different males,,on, the;fame plant, operating in.a manner not only diftinét from, but directly oppofite to, each other: for.one of them (as we have juft feen) is defcribed as internally fituated and concealed i in the air-bladders, While the other is external and ex- pofed to view in thofe {mall open veffels upon: the furfáce of the plant*. But fuch an deste poii cud riot dpi to have proof or ryirtsdbeto pr drin. qd pH d Diro antiody us « My friend Mr. Stackhoufe had adopted the acne Coton in this’ very ingenious ur tigatioh of thefe plants, and. mentioned * the monoecious character a$ clearly difcernible in fome” of the Fuci; as alfo the t o ld ftate of: the male flowers, one of which is tepre- fented as externally fituated, and expofed to view in the urceolate veffels ; the other, con cealed i in the air-bladders—** in inferiore veficularum grandiorum-" In a fubfequent fafcio culus, he informs us, wit e true ipi of candour which directs his refearches and en- on, t miens once iya remains a nog of difference between our refpe&ive opinio à as far ‘as sina. to the propagation. of this curious tribe of plants. L muft obferve,. however, that as I could : to thofe ca tary vel eles the j nigi = naain which damni odes MEER qa Perito qma folved into a mucous fluid. But the fâi is, they fill remain in the fame unaltered Nate, | and may be difcovered i in the aquatic microfcope in a ipee ne during their immerfion. Their extreme tenuity and minutenefs may caufe them to t render them ult to e pencilled clufters are reprefented. i e and f à cicu P the un je in CEA ‘urceolate vellels. If they v er | aae a É A zi T 2 de raid mot be, excluded 4 from. the int al n i ki in, which, they, are confined, BN they were. part. of the fl its ¢ À f when, the z their firit and moft tender. fate (ask have bs iy ip orn they produce the leaft appearance of i mucus. This. | Pr is "hot con ^ crant Tay E bounds in a ftate of maturity. In fummer time it — jetimes be -feen Us 2 : s before x t appearance of thofe fine hairs when immerfed in water; P as 7i, Rem ee ue. became, re- llápfe, and adhere to'the/far- - face of the plant ; and their tone. of paging an affimilate itfelf to that of water, | * * 148 .. Co VEELEY' s Remarks on the Nature ^ P A -analogy to. fapport: it, tlirbpglnsütodbe: whole: vegetable creation. The locality of two.fuch bodies demonftrates their refpective func- tions to. be: diametrically oppofite; for; while the favourite idea of florefcence:'may fageeft. the poflibility of external communication, between the minute filaments on the furface and the fru&ified fam- mits which: contaimthe feeds, the fituation of the fecond flower in a bladder, fo i impervious as to retain its internal air, neceffarily excl udes- : the poflibility of a groffer body efcaping externally through fuch a hould | it: be, « aflerted d,.that the. :fecundating : principle | a nature as to find am in-- ous texture of the frond itfelf ; IA ese “eal dices r hall hereafter affign, I cannot admit that it exifls in thofe AE yet I concur in. the general principle. It is. what I have. chiefly endeavoured. to. point out in my:former tract upon Suiadaliefho: al’ Mani to io the te etit of. the gogenious te faa emt mie T “This is“ 3 that ee princi-. ple” which I before afferted . to. exit, and. upon: the. apparent ceco-. nomy and wifdom of the Divine Author, “who has admirably tem- | pered. the conflituent principles of natural | bodies in fuch due pres stant be anh id fi then fo nse ond pui | 1dden fa vn 3 re m ners pth their ink T table confe, and dete figa their effects to the PRS už i* e Fucus faébarinus under. the mike 5 At fir fi ight I Fite? — iat dicovered ihe feeds am that Fucus, ` n Lge | + Hakes, Mec vt s r p ` mechanical Pend Propagaticn of marine Plants. - 149 (ic Hanicat operation of parts, which are neither calculated to pro- . mote, or capable of communicating, thofe het ii: ‘functions which refult from a ftate of adretceneale M — ico yn - It has been juftly obferved by one of the greateft philofophets of the prefent age*, “ that Nature though varied is generally uniform in her operations." ‘The more we contemplate the extenfive volime which fhe prefents to our view, the more this obfervation will be- come confirmed > but while it tends to vindicate the exiftence of a principle equivalent to, as I have before maintained, though differ- .ently modified from, that which directs the fexual fyftem, it cannot reconcile itfelf to the affumption of two diftin& males a&ing by different proceffes in the fame plant, any more than it can admit either of oe bodies Epon to Lisp sc a ftate of unc. c periods of the say dide as vens as avive fituations, they militate againft every law of — as fat as refpects the Linnea E - | — of the flower itfelf, a veh THÉ very intàcc uit s in the ftigma and anthere, which, connected with the pollen con- taining the fertilizing vapour, can alone conftitute a ftate of flo- refcence; and that, without thefe effential parts, everr the bloffom viti its RENE Bis ala ee Mea ot in Figs hcl be confidered 1i ud and mechanical Ceara which dites the cent votaries to zp fexual 1 fle. Strengthened i m e » | * Sir William Hamilton. x B 150 | Col. VELLE Xs Remarks on the Nature. by the general conformity of the laws of Nature, and exulting in the confutation with which modern diícoveries had overwhelmed the former prevailing theóries, it is not matter of furprife that they fhould have eftablithed the laws of florefcence upon fo ftri& a dogma. Science, too long infulted by the. prepofterous tenets of equivocal . generation, had already turned away in difguft from the ancient writers, who favoured that ill-founded doctrine. The principles of vegetable life now became the obje& of philofophical difcuffion ; cand the important difcovery of Harvey, which had long. fince brought to light the circulation of the blood, feems, by an eafy tranfition, to have dire&ed the refearches of Hales towards a fimilar principle in vegetable bodies ; when, at. length, the propulfion of the fap became beautifully exemplified by his unerring ftaticks. Every day brought forth new difcoverics; and thofe plants which had apparently furnithed the ftrongeft arguments to the opponents nomy, and, by exhibiting the hidden fources of their impregnating - powers, feemed at once to eftablith the univerfal extent of the - newly eftablifhed doctrine. When Linnzus firt announced the dif- covery of feeds in the Mofs, was it to be expected that he thould. withhold his credit from the florefcence of the Fucus, when brought to light by one of the moft refpectable philofophers of his day? The florefi ence however of the Fucus, -as_it is ftated in the ANereis Britannita to exit, derives no fupport from that of the fobmeric] plants. On the contrary, the latter tend to eftablith a {trong argue . ment againft the abovementioned theory.. Almoft all thofe aquatic immiícible with water, emerge at the time of their impregnation, Let us examine, as next in fucceffion, the very few which do. not emerge. And firft the fetes Íeems to prefent itfelf, whofe flower l is Prop ropagation of marine Plants. > -> rg _ is fo carefully enveloped with an impenetrable barrier, formed by the concave pofition of the leaves, that the pollen is enabled to con- vey its fertilizing vapour in an element, which by contact would: obftrué the progrefs of fecundation. The genus Chara feems to in- dicate an approach towards that terminating point, where the me- chanical florefcence ceafes at length to act. Some refpectable au- thors, and Haller among the number, do not admit that the fup- pofed antherx can be invefted with the faculty of impregnation, becaufe they are permanently included in an impervious part of the plant. Hedwig, who has defined the florefcence of this genus with great precifion, acknowledges himfelf to be totally at a lofs to ac- count for that operation, becaufe the fpherical veffel, in which the anthere* are included, has no external communication with the | approximating germ. It is very pn , however, that the veffel alluded to may, from its contiguity-to the duret part of the germ, convey thither, at the point of contact, the impregnation by an in- pee: procefs. A vaj Sinni pepon will at once teg "s : he veffe! ps de iita which tlie (e Mii n a ip ars to a ahead’ on internally, and thofe air-bladders in fome of the Å k A fuppofed to be the refidence of the male flower. . Enough has already been faid upon. the Linnean ftate of. Borel- cence. We have a clear and re(tri&ed definition of its conftituent parts, while its laws are found to accord with furprifing uniformity ugh all the various claes, which were formed by the great founder of the fyftem. Yet there is a point where its accu hoes mechanifm ceafes.to a& ; where the nature and agency of its impreg- nating powers undergo a: material change. And here furely we may paufe, to tont wipes the verfatile | power by visit p is T Uem didus pm E ibid m deque Bed o Col. VELLEY's Remarks on the Nature ~ enabled. to vary, without difuniting, the general principles of her eftablifhed laws. “She difdains," as Mr. Lightfoot has finely ob- ferved, * to be limited by the fyftematic rules of' human invention. She never. makes any fudden. ftarts from one clafs or genus to an- other, but is regularly progreffive in all her works, uniting the va- rious links in the chain of beings by infenfible connections.” . = We have lately feen this myfterious fubject difcuffed by no ordi- nary inveftigator of Nature's laws*. The principle upon which this difcerning | naturalift proceeds, appears to be well founded; and if he - fails in any refpe&t, it is by overítraining his theory t to make it qua- drate with the Linnean doctrine of florefcence. From this circum- ftance. principally, he has, i in my opinion, expofed his argument to fome objections which may not ‘eafily be removed. He commences his effay with a concife and perfpicuous furvey of the exifting theo- ries laid down by Reaumur, Gmelin, and Gertner. And as the two laft of thofe authors maintain that a yerya numerous branch of the Algas do noti 1 any inftance derive : theirc origin. from. feeds, but folely from proliferous ; gems, or buds, he oppofes the doétrine with much ingenuity; not grounding his opinion merely upon the laws of ana- logy, but upon a fcientific and an anatomical inquiry into the natu- ral ftruéture and- did: dup as were as TURGON of thefe Cor- | puícles. Having, as far as the nature of the fubject would admit, ti: blithe d thefe points fo confonant with found philofophy, he : pro- eeds. to account for that peculiar procefs | fo which the feeds them- felves owe their i origin ; ; and this he confiders as an actual ftate of florefcence. “If pollen,” continues this author, * under the fhape of — be unfit RE TENNIS in TR water; if A ature : has taken * Mr. Chien de Serra on the Fru&ification of the fubmerfed: Aes in The Philofophi- -cal Tranfactions for the pho 1796, p.494. .. a particular p of "marine. Plants, - 5. : T5 3 : E care to guard this operation from the prefence of that element; if pollen can exift in an active ftate under a mucous ap- pearance; and if the antherz of perfectly fubmerfed flowers are no- ` thing elfe than clofed veffels filled with mucous pollen; what doubt can we entertain, that the mucilaginous veficles of the fubmerfed Alga (which contain alfo their feeds) are anthere?" =- 5 y. -I fhall now briefly confider this theory of florefcence, as taken. up -upon the principles eftablifhed by Linnzus, and explained in the technical language of that author. It may perhaps fcarcely be worth while to obferve, that Mr. Correa de Serra, at the beginning of the above paffage, appears to make a diftinction between the terms — and Sari ina, which i in fact are e merely EPA Pollen, ; ore tha / per vapour or power co | to which it acts principally as a vehicle *. This part of the dis bevig soot E fonnd pager a farinaceous form, 1 is diftin- | aving. there: s any objestion that. ‘might be reda againf ‘the - expreffion “ mucous pollen,” I cannot pafs over a fubfequent rc remark, in which the faculty of i impregnation is attributed to the part con- -taining the feeds; and the province of the antherz, fo diftinétly pre- ferved in the fexual fyftem, is nearly blended with that of the feed- yeflel. The paffage alluded to is the following: “ What doubt can we enter tain, that the mucilaginous ` veficles of the fabmerfed Alga (which con contain alfo their feeds) are anthere?" In fhort, if the re- predation of thefe plants is to be elucidated by the Linnean theory of floreícence, and its concomitant terms, efpecial care dhor ld 7 * Gitieraticnem vegetabilium feri mediante polinis antherarum illapfa fupra. FA quo rumpitur_ pollen, Sau auram rods quz abforbetur ab humore ftigmatis. : Ph. Bot. fe. 145. “Vor. V. ; x * taken 154 .. Col. VeLLEY's Remarks on the Nature taken to preferve a ftri& connection, and uniform correfpondence, between the parts defcribed, and the definitions by which the theory -iş fupported. Gertner, in his remarks upon fome of the Fuch find- ing that their fecundation was effected by an internal procefs, main- tains likewife, that the part containing the feeds is alfo endued with the faculty of impregnation. But this author gives an unphilofo- phical and a fanciful caft to his hypothefis, in adopting an unifexual diftin&ion, when he fuppofes that the female organ impregnates it- felf, or rather, the ovula which it contains——* quod ipfe uterus fua foe indet ovula, et quod ille ipfe officia genitalium utriufque | fexüs, prattet folus.” —— Upon examining the mucilaginous vefi- cles (or, ftri&tly fpeaking, the diftended fummits) in which the feeds are placed, and confidered alfo by Mr. Correa de Serra as the anthe- re, it will appear that the feeds are very feldom fixed in a loofe and naked ftate, but contained in minute hard coriaceous tubercles, on all fides impervious*, and moft firmly attachéd to the interior P ds. furface of the fummit, in the veficular Fuci; and that in thefé tenacious tubercles the feeds may frequently be difcovered long before the folid cellular mafs becomes changed into a mucilaginous fub{tance. Again, in feveral fpecies, the central fubftance, in which the feeds or pericarps are placed, always remains in an invariably - folid ftate, and is never converted into mucilage. This is decidedly thé cafe in the Fucus ferratus +, and never found it otherwife in the | Fucus nodofus and fome others; and yet the feeds of both thofe plants are produced in the fame manner as in the Fucus veficulofus. From thefe fa&s there is great realon to conclude, that the mucus, which - . is found at certain feafons in feveral of the Fuc:, is not effentially - neceffary to their impregnation. And as it fcems to abound moft in * See the horizontal fe&ion of one of the fummits of Fucus veficulofus, in which the tubercles or pericarps are reprefented. Pell. Marine Plants, plate 1. 3 T 4 See an horizontal fe&ion of this Fusus magnified, Marine Plants, plate 1. e i e the — end Propagation of marine Plants... 155 the mature plants, I am induced to fuppofe that it may be a kind of fuppuration brought on by age, and poffibly may be itapata in facilitating the efcape, or difperfion, of thc feeds. jii nd aad plaufible remark in favour of the hypothefis is singe by the ifigenious author in the following words: * The pollen of any flower, when put into water, in a very {hort time begins to move; and its particles agitate themfelves in every direction, perfectly re- fembling the mofl lively animalcula. Their activity in this ftate lafts fome time; but if the leaft quantity of falt be put into the li- . quor, death quickly enfues, from which they never more recover. This inclofed mucilaginous fru&ification was therefore the only one which could enfure exiftence to vegetables living chiefly in id water, with. which their mucus is. found to be immifcible." the paffage. - E ti. as s alluding to ovd which Nature has made to proteét the impregnating body from the deleterious effect of faline p (which would at once deftroy the a&ive | „of pollen), by fixing it in a menftruum which is immifci- ble seis: fe ie -water. The fuppofition i is ingenious. ‘Yet i is Mr. Correa de Serra aware, that this very mucilage is not free from the infeétion of falt;—that faline particles may frequently be found upon the fur- faces of dried fpecimens;—that in diffe&ions under the micro- Ícope fimilar appearances may be difcovered, which fuddenly fhoot into minute cryftallizations;—and that it is owing to this faline qua- pS ig | "which feems intimately combined with the very texture and con- | of the Fuci, that they poffefs the property of an hygro- " M pm tape meter for years after they are dried * ?"—From thefe circumftances =. 4 am induced, from an Lobferiation. of. Mr. Lightfoot, t to atate this circumftance to the natural quality of. the frond, rather than to the effect of the fea-water in which it x» B dans author remarks, that if the Fucus Jaccharinus be foaked LI water, then DL A4. ; 3 dried T MM 156 ie Col. VELLEY' $ Remarks on tbe Nature jt appears to be highly probable, that the pollen of marine plants, if fuch a body in reality may exift in the-mucilage, muft be totally dif- ferent in its quality from the pollen which carries on fo important a funétion in the fexual fyftem: it muft alfo be totally different in _ its fübftance, becaufe it is not to be difcovered by the eee mag- nifving powers. — * - But, giving the utmoft cn to the hypothefis; and admitió that this mucous pollen is attendant upon all the marine plants, either internally or externally; ftill it muft contain fome fubtile vapour, capable of paffing through the coriaceous texture either of the tu- bercular pericarps or of the frond. - And. after all, what does this amount fo? Nothing. more than that fome undefined. vivifying principle, refident in the internal fabüerde x rhe plant, brings on a {tate of impregnation, and anfwers every purpofe - which the more . obvious mechanical laws of florefcence produce. externally in an at- mofpltcisiy yee neum pediments exü so windonitheie Bee eb- “After what has ene nifeady prie e it may y appear almoft — fluous to produce any further arguments againft the florefcence fup- poíed to be concealed in the inflated parts of the veficular Fuci, I fhall therefore only briefly add, that the Fucus ferratus is. entirely deftitute of the air-bladders, and yet produces its fruétification in a fimilar manner to the Fucus veficulofus z. but the advocates for floref- | cence may attribute the impregnation to the fmall. external fila- ments fo often noticed. Fucus filiquofus and F. nodofus are perfectly free from thofe minute fafcicles; but then again the impregnation may poflibly be afcribed to the trachez in the veficles or inflated leaves. What then remains to be faid of the Fucus canaliculatus, dried in the fun, and akedi depolited, i it will in a fhort time be. covered wih: a | white eflorefcence of fea falt.. — : eue bcd... ri ox | | | hich Hi : z ost which is entirely deftitute both of the veficles and the external fila: .' ments, and yet produces its feeds in a manner exaétly fimilar to that . before defcribed }——In fhort, as the means by which Nature cons : duéts her operations « are always appropriate. to her ends, we may conclude, that if the fine veffels or fibres in the veficles had any im- mediate reference to a ftate of florefcence, they would either be ex- tended throughout the internal fübftance of the frond, to carry on their fecret and fubtile operation ; or would be furnifhed with fome -external apparatus, which a give colour. mae — to the hypothefis. A particular defcription of the air-bladders, 'or vehicles; — form a-curious part in the ftru&ure of feveral of the Tun will clofe Be Temar afua l that Which may exift in an Raat given ades of the folid frond. Nature etienne extis to have furnifhed them with numerous tra- ination of fibres ahadi together, which proceed fr m the p fubftance, and freely exert their elaftic influence fiom the | interior furface of the cavity. They may be found in all the inflated Fuci; and as they are very fimilar in their appearance, fo, probably, they may be in their economy, to that fine woolly fubftance which is found at t ni vid of - e d and which the learned. | form ; ; and inp part of that claftic fluid into a&ion, which hs Well. | known t to exift in all plants y without erosión... Since. this | paper. ET EE COAT : | ' work 158 Col, VELLEY' s Remarks on ibe Nature, Gc. work upon the fubje& of the Fuc*, which attributes the formation of thofe fine veffels to the laceration of the internal fubftance, as the fides become dilated into the air-bladders. An examination of thefe flender threads under the microfcope will probably induce the ob- -ferver to entertain a different opinion. If they originated from the caufe fuppofed, they would appear in a lacerated unconneéted ftate; and, being formed from the broken mafs, could never be fo curioufly anaftomatifed one with another: neither would the relaxed and . diffolved contents be drawn out into- tubular and jointed forms. ~ Pefides, thefe capillary veffels generally dilate at the point of inofcu- lation, forming a kind of joint, in an uniform manner. ` It is very | S difficult to conceive that a texture. furpaffing in tenuity the fineft web, and at the fame time fo curioufly organized, fhould be pro- - . duced by a general revulfion of the expanding mafs. EIC ee ee E ao cel . d you ¢ , 159. Es itg 5 : e. 4 XXVI. Defeription of Sowerbæa jungea, a Plant f New South w ales t4 gens Beia boil , M. D. F. R. S. P. L.S. Read uly 2, 1799. ‘HE effenttial charaéter of the genus of Sewerbea is rade | _publifhed in the fourth volume of the Linnean Society's Trani- | actions, p. 218, as follows : 7 - Corolla infera, hexapetala. - Filamenta. tria, biantherifera, fterilibus tribus interítin&is. : It belongs to the Order of Afphodeli of M. de Juffieu, ssid fhould be arranged in the fame fettion with Alum, One part of the cha- racter of that feétion, 7 adix, bulbofa, requires however to be omitted, as being neither neceffary to -difcriminate M nor applicable to the genus before us. Sowerbæa is ftrikingly diftinguithed from every plant of the fame natural order by having two antherz upon each filament, each of | which confifts of two cells, and burfts by two pores at the top. Between the filaments which bear anthera, three fhort blunt barren "ones are inferted. The antherz feparately confidered agree in ftruc- ture and master of burfting with M. de Lamarck's genus of Dia- _ nella, Juf. Gen. 41 ; but in that each ftands on its own filament, : and the fruit moreover is a berry. In the Linnean Sytem Sewerbea muft be placed between Aphy . jme and Allium in Hexandria Monogynia; for every analogy, as " we 160 Dr. Smitu’s Defcription of Sowerbees juncea, well as the ftructure of its parts, proves it to be truly baxgndróus though at firft fight it might : feem triandrous. à We are as yet acquainted with but one fpecies of this genus, “dit - covered by Mr. White near Port Jackfon i in New South Wales, and now not unfrequentin the nurferies about London. lt. requires the. fhelter of a greenhoufe, and thrives beft in bog care with a con- fiderable degree: of moifture. It may be named | na I SOWERBAEA JUNCEA: : Roit of many long imple f fibres. : pu : | Leaver ouem [ocio md hs tissu LAT above; convex beneath. Stipula within the leaf, fimple, white, membranous, obtufe, concave. : Stalk folitary, taller than ge. dars, erect, seals, ards Hi jpund, - dmooth, {olid - De on RES Unlel terminal, ree Toreadiie- Bracke feveral, ovate, coloured, íhorter than the umbel, Flower-flalks fimple, thread-like, fi ee ae naked. Calys none. ae Petals fix, cuin doi, pale purples fpreadi TA Filaments {mooth, greenifh. © | : Anthera yellow. — | | Germen fuperior, roundifh, bud with three principal furrows and three fmaller intermediate ones. | - Spic ercét, rather longer than the ftamina, Sigma (imple; * 4: E , * * ji s $ Ia r4 2 i > g: = : ~ í E i A E E. 161 d : x ' of three cells and three CRM iex. 5 " ij : i ie t al ioe EEN Eo E ve two in each cell, angular, bla Mo MR ue "The herb when bruifed has n9 pec Ru on tute of any flavour of oy i : i : p a sy : i is BE Xa. A : : ea of its n A nt L 2,9. owes : ^: x . : (o 2 E 1 E ; { < s a e b] Já vili vs 162: 3f us Mei * 5 . JA : at FE Dhl OIG as olo. } add nis st ; " = = ermmm 4 rb ( Y -i Sn hes Felis Avellar Bri ero, Profe efor of Botany in the Univer » am Mida Ru xem din F. M.L. Me 22 XVin. oe Account of th ii Fria of yeep, denticulatum» TET i OF bis POLIS imbricatis; ovatis, mucronatis,. caulibus repentibus,, e dichotomis ee Seem ir wei monoicis. Mufcus coats et feniculatue pane gue ae Luft. n. 1041. : hd A S Mufcus terreftris semine | Ci: Hi i. AX L 240% Vm s Lycopodioie imbricatim ui ^T l; Mu fc ;ycopode denticulé.. Lamarck d Emly e Radicula: unica, Timplicifima/. [capillasun uncialis, . pubefcens, enata prima. ex hilo trihiulco, feu ex bafi fubtrivalvi. integumenti feminis aperta Cotyledones duz, ex vitello evolutz, . . eppofi te, obovate, glabra, patentes, femilineam. dere, unam: i 1 E > liieam *- * a E04 Xineam longz : fcapus.medius inter vitellum-inté&tum et cotyle-: dones evolutas, capillaris, glaber, erectus, tres lineas longus. Paucis exactis diebus, plumula apparet bifolia, foliolis fublanceo- » 2 latis, inter cotyledones decuffatim oppofitis; poftea. ad plumule - —. finguli folioli bafin aliud fimile exoritur, atque ex iftorum duorum medio tertium alterum utrinque demum progerminat, quod fenfim in furculum foliatum protenditur, ficque fcapus primordialis bi- . farcus tandem fit. Integumentum feminis cum vitello trihiulcum “perfiftit quoad ufque duo predicti forculi‘fefqiiuncialem longito- | dinem adipifcantur. Decembri aut Januario in humo umbrosa germinat. Surculi fetacel, fubangulofi, fubftriati, repentes, dichotomi, ramo- : pius foliis gene irit TE pape se? Rente triennes ét ex gemma pace atilar exorta, pated, aut pom radiculis ad ramorum AREO OOD folitariis, fetaceis, inferné di- A esca pee dentists: minimis acutiffimis am winds brote -In ramulis non fru&ificantibus quadrifario-fecunda ; lateralia, feu - folo:applicata patentia, contigua, ovata, acutiufcula, plana, paulo ultra lineam unam longa, pauloque femilineam lata; fuperficialia - ovato-lanceolata, acutiora, triplo fere minora, obliqua, laxé imbri- ' cata; in dichotomiis ad radicularum exortum unum conftanter folitarium, | inferum. - In ramulis fru&ificantibus quadrifariam -Jaxé imbricata, alia etiam majora, minora alia, — ola - omnibus aliis acutiora, bafi coricava, "apice reflexo. ” | Ramuli fructificantes terminales, adfcendentes, | tejius g re min Ri "Flores axillares, foliarii, ÁO oM som ` tati, [ quafi amenta, 5 ERE ES i164 Profefor AVELLAR BROTERO’s Account of ibe | Perichetium et calypira in utrifque Goulet, nulla. TT Flores mafcult ad ramorum apices. plurimi, ad. viginti fex et. m, inferne pauculi inter foemineos. nonnullos, feu interdu m cum ipfis _alternantes, fuperioribus precociores. Anthera axillaris, feflilis, folitaria, obtuía, ex reniformi-cordata, primüm ex pallido-viridis, ` feu fubrufa, demum faturate teftacea, piftilli germine valde minor, . unilocularis, bivalvis, (ut in Callitriche vernà) calore, non vero . . humiditate verticaliter dehifcens ;. valvulis zequalibus, ovato-fub- - cordatis, elaftice pollen ad latera vibrantibus, diaphanis, valde po- . rofs: grana pollinis numerofiffima, ad tercenta, fubzequalia, fub- - globofa, acutiufcula, lutefcentia, colore cer, folida, minime ne- que ficcitate neque in- aqua dehifcentia, elaftice defilientia, ad can- _ delz flammam a me applicata non inflammabilia.. pni Flores feminei: ad ramorum extremorum inferiora, aut interdum f ub eorum bifurcationibus permulti, fed mafculis ra numero mi- nores, folitarii, axillares, feffiles. Germen ovatum, fubtriangulum, ` obtufum, | zve, nitidum, pedicello. capillari minimo > vig confpicuo . adhzrens, foffulis nonnullis, punétifque tuberculofis minimis, fuc- . culentis, vagis inftru&um. Stylus ñullus. Stigma: rima, feu ful- -cus profundus in germinis bafi, qua folio incumbit, utrinque ad . latus pedicelli, liquore unétuofo diutiffime perfufus, indies largior, .perfiftens. Ovula etfi grandefa&a adultaque. sd atallo — | quod feró demum in vitellum. folidum convertitur. . : tula {ubfeffilis, pedicello minimo: capillari, non in hakor centro, | fed hinc verfus folium fito, impofita, trigona, feu conico-tricocca, obtufa, bafi hinc verfus folium emarginata, ex pallido-viridis, uni- locularis, quadrivalvis, elaftice per futuram finüs inter femen fupe- rius et aliud oppofitum rachi incumbens lateraliter dehifcens : valvule diaphanz, bafi coalite, (ad. microfcopium porofe, papil- ^ bofe) due majores concavo-convexz, margine revolüto, ovate, LAE O , 'obtufz, — FruBifcation of Lycapsdiam dentiulatm. = 163 - obtufe, oppofite ; duz alice triplo minores, oppofitz, majores de- - cuffantes, cárinatz, acutiufcule. Quz capfulz ad ramulorum in^ _ feriora fitz funt, citius maturefcunt ac dilabuntur. pis Semina conftantiffime quatuor, globofa, parietibus valvularum in-- . cambentia, hili triangularis apice ad tuberculum minimum in» . capfule fundo, quà pedicellus definit, fitum laxe applicata; tria _ inferiora, quartum foperius ipfis impofitum; inferiora duobus hili -angulis lateralibus inter fefe cohzrent, et tertio interno angulis . -tribus quarti feminis fuperioris affiguntur; omnia claftice defi- liunt. Integumentum fimplex luteo-fulphureum, fub-coriaceum,. (ad microfcopium) fcabriufculum: albumen embryonem involvens . nullum, fed vitellum globofum, integumenti magnitudine: em-. | bryo, feu plantula feminalis, vix confpicitur. Semina ee. abortiunt; duo fepius paulo majora, fertilia,. unum Minden x . quatuor interdum exfuccum demum evadit. — Floret autumno, hyeme et primo vere. Msi " aggeres ambrol fubhumidos paffim prope Conimbri- | -a cele d ne e: iiie in aren et. Tota nine denn d et isbpida ett, "tr were a re a evite dulcis et a(tringens habita fuiffet; Semina fertilia aque fundum pe- tunt; omnia nitrofa, oleofa, fulgurantia, ut illa Lycopodii clayati, quibus efle viribus medicis analoga probabile El. à; .. Linnzi opinio, qui fulgurantia íemina pro polline, et farculorum. gemmas in Lycopodiis. pro piftillis et fructu habebat, jamdudum. explofa. - Illuft. Gertner nullas antheras, fed femina duplicis. forma in eadem ftirpe. Lycopodia Tape ferre, atque. aphroditas ppt: effe contendit. nlsi. Adanfon etfi Lycoposis antheras et pif, fen Ar diae ’ 166 Profefor AVELLAR BRoTERO's Account of the ftylo ftigmateque nullis, tribuat, attamén-capfulas polliniferas cum feminiferis, feu fructum cum antheris: confundere videtur, nam fe- mina fulgurantia pro polline-habet, ipfaque monocotyledonea exifti- mat, quod ex noftri affinitate fpecificà non admittendum cenfeo. Clarif. Juffieus, De Lamarck, Schreber et alii ex recentioribus Botanicis nullam inter polliniferas et ovuliferas, feu feminiferas. cape fulas diftin@tionem ex ftruétura partium aliifque botanicis notis de- . fumptám dederunt. Caterum quod ad noftrum Lycopodium denti- cdiatiae attinet, ortus, color, tempus florendi, fitus, fabrica, commer- um "feminis clare indicant capfulas illas fubreniformes, cor- genus ad tercenta plenas, verarum — requifita poffidere, et ad veras antheras effe referendas, ia; feu piftilli germina ‘et ovula ipfa femper longo temporis itreedfa antheras et pollinis fór- . mationem praecedunt: inferiora priufquam fuperiora (ficuti etiam antherz) evolvuntur et maturefcunt. Cum. in Jotnnibus see ibus, etiam e perfe&orum. tribu, non una eademque fit organorum ialiuni, ftigmatis pollinifque conformatio, (name ex. ma in » Agyneja ftigma eft foraminulum in germinis apice fexcrenatum, et in non- nullis Orchideis, Contortis, &c. pollinis granula folida font) nil fane mirum etnarginaturas pro ftigmate taliaque pollinis granula Lycopo- dio noftro a natura donari. Antherz ille paucule, que inferne i inter prima lunt; iftorum’ ovaria fitz fünt, priores pollinis: granola exp pm in aerem et per ipfum ad vicinarum ftirpiam TEE OTIN ipicas, alia fupra germina proprior ora aut r otiora, alia in axillas jorum et fupra folia ipfa, unde ad ‘ovariorum | emarginaturas, ubj diu perfitt unt, inferiofum defcendunt : tunc fperma tenuis liquoris fpecie, ex granulis excretum per ánfenfibiles- futurarum, fed ovarii emarginaturarum pores abforbetur, vafa ad tuberculum; feu recepta- culum minimum, cui ovula adherent, deferentia permeat, ét tandem. D 1 faicundat. Non ergo bi iets (qué forte’ nonnullis =" | | m placebit) vosFeittifeetin of Lycopodium demiculatum, © “ið jitia media abforptione, ex pedicello antherz minimo habita, - fpermatis, quod fimul cum fapà per fpice rachin ad ovarii finguli pedicellum. :defcendat, admittere opus erit; imo id permultorum fe- minum abortio dijudicare vetat, Nec mirum tot abortiri ovula, cum planta habitet reptetque femper in locis fabumbrofis et humidis, cumque ejus folia et iftorum axillze faepius aliquo rore confpergan- tur, ac tandem cum perpauce anthere ex fuperioribus debito tem- pore aperiantur pollenque ejaculent: huic tamen natura profpexit, fpicis afcendentibus copiofifque, ovariis permultis, antheris fummo- - pere polliniferis et ad fpicarum apices numerofis; unde fatis femper fertilium ad magnas.in aggeribus noflris fegetes producendas femi- num fuperef. Fateor tamen. fzpiffime obfervaffe antheras fere omnes, qua in dno Rupaniteur pequeciobanty codem sp. 2 m i compli iir e et seri uar igi maui ; tudo erat naturalis, fed: femina. oleo craffo plena, (non autem folido: vitello) tetur ri i viridi i ipie, hilo fimili, Spender’ et furfum: ex mo geo ac deorfum. dit folia, aut. vicinas M cor! (pecificas elaftice defiliebant, ubi nonnumquam in aliqua pollinis: granula éja- culata incidebant. Itaque cum non verifimile fit ifta tot innumera. femina omnia aborta, facile crederem nonnulla five ex propria five -vicina alia planta co-fpecifica granulis alicujus antherz explofa jam foecundata fu ffe... Nonnulli fortafle hilum triangulare pro vero . gi fument, et fcecundationem c ovulorum in ifta planta eodem, - quo i dn pifcit JUS t quibufdam aliis animalibus, modo fieri contendent, nempe per fpermatis applicationem. ovulis adultis, feu extra ovariu pofitis, maxime in eo innixi, quia femina. nulla iftius Lycopo il lida evadant, nifi pofteaquam ex DPA elaftice defilicrunt, et quia. s | E eorum. ans —— On ihe Frudification of Lycopodium denticulatum. eoruni integumentum hilo trifido tridenteoque in germinatione con- ftanter aperiatur. Quamvis autem hzc opinio non improbabilis efle videatur, attamen cum ovula medio ftigmate € externo ovarii, quod defcripfi, foecundari poffint, aliud admittere non opus eft, prafertiny quia in nullis feminibus ufque adhuc in regno vegetabili rotis foe- cundatio in flatu integumenti proprii adulto unquam obfervata fuit. Quidquid vero fit, illa quatuor corpufcula in capfulis conico-tri- «€óccis contenta effe femina, et alia in capfulis reniformi-cordatis effe pollinis granula fat ex fupradi&is evidenter colligi poffe . cenfeo. Quapropter -clariff. Gertneri opinio*, qui pollinis. corpufcula efie granula feminalia. diverfz. ab aliis ejufdem ftirpis feminibus forma credit, admodum a vero diftat. > Nam infuper, cui bono tot femi- nalia granula, fi nunquam ex illis novellze plantz prodeunt? Ad aggeres Conimbricenfes autumno et hyeme numerofas fegetes Lyco- podii noftri pluries obfervavi, nufquam tamen unum faltem ex fex- | «entis, quz in germinationis ftatu. avulfi, individuum inveni, quod ex corpufculis pro feminibus minoribus a clar. Gartnero admiffis (am me autem pro veri pollinis granulis) prodiret, imo omnia ex ma- joribus, five veris feminibus, prout fupra dixi de hujus noftra: _ ftirpis germinatione agens, conftantiflime progerminare vidi, cum illa jam in-humum putridam redacta effent, quoniam ut obfervavi, - j reddidere, conmgantut,. marcefcunt, = meling noftram ara monoicum el "iss * * Agmen déniqu dudar Lycopodium, quid fepe in eadem firpe duplicis forme fe- mina; et preter haec, foliaceas quoque gemmas, feminibus | perperam: annumieratai; pró- ducit J. Gertner De — et Semin, vol. 1, Intro. pag. xxv, © — Pa : XVIII. De- Ae x she X lal g ES, j IN ; == LN as IN DA A ACT ERN 35^ Ú; SH y Z^ VA i LD px p A a SE SIS S » li n 7 pv ? ` 484 AAI pA aS ar X d e "eS aS eas Y 2 ; NIE = WTB » K^ Avs ET me um Eie SI i» ae, D AN Dy Vall TOND Lb S < r] à, Ko ZVA ae CN. pe i a £ P S \\ "T ant - is KAN AE] d Ad SALA LE L7 X^ - » Zl A S Mn 4 SNA Y NZA ANA d LX UA d KAS oe W ay SZ VAN Vo, E 1E 4 ; AASIA EAN x js SHS e sae EUST ae LEE Kx d ae TST XE eC ATE wt v», - E ii SA V7 P a oe Ny Ce AO ag A J k^ RAS a = WSIS GIN bine SRS LN KV T Cá A L IERI A aw De YEG SKIT 4 AN . il x Ax f r : à Lam & Ne AV CE ends dpa, Vt N uro coe vas difcovered by accident w South Wales #.—After : t ; ; bc , 2 : P w : KSA Hey ood A : 2 ; ; ; Y : de a : > .170 Col. VELLEY’s Defcriptron of Conferva umbilicata, ‘membranaceous leaves, giving: the noad the form of an umbilicated Ulva. -feveral cylindrical ftems, not larger than a hair, were found to diverge fi addénly 1 in different directions, producing. fimilar ramifications i in diftin& whorls : at : {mall diftances,. and carrying with them innumerable reticulated ramules combined. together in all directions ; fome of which feemed in a fmall degree: to favour a circular’ tendency : : the whole forming a moft beauti-- ful web of cylindric al filaments, far exceeding the fineft lace, and: fetting at defiance the uti itn irt of the pencil. B interftiçes de mot retain any regular or p prevailing form a y pear to do in the Cosferva reticulata; bu | other in the manner ¢ bove mentione E DIE Two circumftances are to be O ferver ree ne plant. Firft, the ramules, however - varied i in their ir diredtion, unite re Sa rw d | with the. main 1 flems at r $3 while the feparations, or Prats fmall 1 era “fpinules Kenin RET Hence | L was induced to confider this vegetable production, however fingu- lar in its mode of growth, as a real Conferva. As the ramifications. brought t to ay J a nd the y veins of a leaf, I at firft examined it under | le n n of fuch a body after i it had been. b but as : this ve tly | far- 4 opacity | V iole Maat from the clofe- -nefs of its texture, when taken in, the ; n hat a fombre green X06: 0. s , > t A d cd 3 : > Cel poe c ( A I7l ; ) AE eL - g p t As Susi. y i yas Ree. EN m x — [7 vations on 5 the! Bri riti T Species d ef Mer m | : Edward Smith, M.D. ERS. P.L.S. 2 wi | Read March. 5 1799. TO. ‘Brith ù onus ¢ of plants, except sitas Conferva, hae been hitherto lefs underftood than that of Mentha; either with refpe& to its fpecies, and the principles upon which their diftinc- tions ought to be founded, or the AS. of thofe fpecies in the moft bs as well is the more an "writers. - in his tile in ‘taints 3 ; i he MUT RE jotwit eric all fie had § in that ‘edition added to thofe of Ray, there ftill remained fome defcribed | by Merrett, sod aere. obferved by — onl m pana he E d dk may be allowed a 1 : forma re vse two parts. fift, it will be found Mein to ede? how preceding authors “have treated i it; and fecondly, t to eaque. gst it Bed: bal — more intelligible i in future. | : ‘cient work: the Puis A 4 a work which bn d Ea Dr. SuiTH s Obfervations on Thefe publications were compofed upon the plan which Ray af- - terwards followed. The authors énumerated every Britifh plant, to the beft of their knowledge, not indeed fufficiently difcriminating truly wild. from exotic fpecies, and arranged them. alphabetically under one or more denominations, taken from any author that came in their way. Their works are therefore equally deficient in fyftem, and uniformity. of nomenclature; for neither had been thonght of in thofe days, at leaft in. this country... Ray introduced a fyflematic arrangement, but was fill indifcrimi n: "MS the d from which, he took hig fynony ms, choofing, fr ; om m an what belt expreffed the plant he meant, or prob | as. happened 1 to bei in the moft. genera FA P and Hudfon fink difpofed our native plants under the uniform nomenclature of one writer, Linnzus ; ; the former indeed only as far as the genera were concerned, the latter vith s to both P and fpecies. How, - pem gs a more rep one, Aw gp not eset to define X words what he fo well underftood, the fpecific differences of plants! We fhould then have quoted him-with certainty in every inftance; whereas, if he mould 8 now pare chanced to miftake a 3 tour. we e are. y A ei OwWRAMAS., 4AvVlio X » : SENECA MEN ORE CE Pl LIE pu cef x Es . obferve that, Ride in quoting es Merrett, How, 0 or r Dillenius fe : any plant, we are obliged to name it by the denomination of. fome prior writer, under which they have placed it in their books, we "exer anfwer for its being the plant intended by that writer. If we eleve it to be fo, we quote him enpitidy $ Pdf we certainly know C» oc : c p. ity ‘the Britil Species o of Mentha, 173 it, we quote the Herbarium or fpécimen. on which our knowledge i is founded. So in quoting linnzus, we only anfwer for his own names, and. by no means for any of his fynonyms ; for.| am forry — , to fay he is in that department. more incorrect than moft other writers, even in his moft accurate and ingenious Fira Lapponica, and very much fo in.his laboured Hortus Clifartiznus. . Dillenius has made many fimilat miftakes; and the works of Haller abound with them. How ill-advifed therefore are thofe who copy fyno- nyms from any author without examining them! This is a truth I have often inculcated, but it cannot bé too ftrongly enforced. Let thofe who think it — purfue with me the ence zi = Britifh Mints. (dos E pu enumerates 8 les Júdit: Calaminibia “aly : 3 Pis bee eerta Mint of’ Gerten Mentha c Germanica | Jfprnofa, has never been fuppofed to be Bitit and is left out even by Mone Another i is s the Cat Mint, d Cataria of Linnzus. j T The 2 Pinas of Merrett containe 11 fuppofed fpec: of Which belong to Mentha Pulegium, a third is dla Citar ano- ther (Calamintha aquatica) is Mentha arvenfis. Five of the remaining ones are marked with an afterifk as being added by himfelf to the | lift of Britifh plants, and of thefe the 4 laft are as unintelligible to- ow how they are to zm Mfeeftsingii 7 me as t RBs nor do I kno I (hall tranferibe all Merrett fays upon the fubjedt. - gr “Ment "odorata fore cineritio. Five mie from € Glouc fter,in | : the way to Hereford, air sedoli ak daus ad eames . -** Mentha Balfamita velition: In ease etwixt Pem- : pm and. Lewes in Suffex... Diutiffimé durat odor ejusdutrilimus: | CHEER “ Mentha - 174 | Dr. SM rru's facium: on ` E. ** Mentha incana foetida, — | | * Mentbafirum valde ramofum flore violaceo tubro. At Dartford i in Kent.” | At is moft pesbable that all thefe are halt to fpecies we are ac- diteimted with ; but the above characters are too flight. to determine them by, neither would I venture to decide upon them without feeing fpecimens. It is not my purpofe to guefs at botanical enig- mas, but to- inveftigate. truth by the light | of ant and authentic in= - formation. - -The firt tdition of. Ray's s , Syrapfis (t. pals o over eris earlier cata- logues) contains 8. real Mints including 1 Pule legium, i all from that ex- cellent writer's own knowledge, and about which there is no kind of iade They will be quoted in proper order hereafter. . In the 2d edition three more are added, but with lefs accuracy. ars to me a or doubt founded, for in this inftance Ray trufted to other iii : Before Dillenius publifhed the 3d edition of Ray' s Synop/is, botany was very affiduoufly and fcientifically cultivated in England. The genus of Mentha particularly engaged the attention of Buddle the - gren. Dales and two Bobarts. . Thefe induftrious botanifts colleéted Tuk every sh they. P: nd, w vith esis upon the anean and characters of each, and their conjectures about the fynonyms of au- thors.. Their original fpecimens, preferved in the Britifh Mufeum, the Sherardian ‘Herbarium at Oxford, or in my own collection, elu- cidated by. ample manufcript remarks, have been my guides in the 4tudy of this genus, which. cannot. be decyphered. with t them, — | Em whole were fubmitted to Dillenius, who made what ufe he chofe the Brit Species of Mentha. es 175 &hofe of Sports in his edition of the Synopfit, but by no means adopt- -ed or underftood them all. - What he has there inferted, from thefe authorities or his own obfervation, is either marked with an afterifk or enclofed in crotchets. He has added two very bad figures, which have contributed to obfcure the fabje&t. Sherard, to whom fpeci- mens of all thefe plants were communicated, followed his favourite propenfity in accumulating fynonyms foreach, but not with accu- rate difcrimination. Whether fuch an undertaking may be too vaft and difficult for any mind, or whether Sherard and Dillenius worked with too; little caution, I know not; but, without detracting from their eminent knowledge and acutenefs in other refpeéts, I can- not but think it fortunate that the celebrated Pinax never appeared, Botany would then have. been purfued by the indolent attention to fynonyms inftead « of definitic ions, and would Ai have be beei de feful as an exercife for thei mind, nor hav e led to the actual knowledge Nature. As Buddle and Samuel Dale ftudied plants with a view to — their medical qualities, itis not wonderful that they fhould have paid great. attention. to the. various odours of Mints; ; upon which, ~ added. to he fh ape ofthe] leaves and the. different de degrees of hairinefs, : their r ideas of! fpecies were founded. All thefe however are variable. circumftances, efpecially the fmell. When Linnzus took up the . fubje& he likewife depended on the form of the leaves, taking a farther character from the ftamina being longer or fhorter than the corolla, and in this Mr. Hudfon and Mr. Sole have followed him. bet us inveftigate | thefe methods of difcrimination. A oft every fpecies c of Mint indeed has in its original wild. nl a peculiar | mell of its own, by which alone the Mentha rotund; difolia, for inftance, is at once known from every variety of. the /ylvefiris; - and the M. arvenfis, by its fmelling like blue mouldy chee! tinguifhed from other whorled mints, But many mints av capable 2 : | of oe. "d eee STET 176 Dr. Smaitu's Observations on of acquiring an entirely new finell, either by accidental variation of foil, a dry fituation, or fome change in their conftitution which we ‘cannot underftand. Thus the {mell of Sweet Bafil,-Ocymum, is ac- quired by fome, that of Orange by others, and one or two acquire a peculiarly fweet fmell, which belongs alfo to a fweet variety of the Garden Thyme, Thymus vulgaris, called in Norfolk, where it is very common, Frank: ncenfe Thyme. The fmell and tafte of Pepper Mint, which feem natural to our well-known fpecies fo named, are d in commion with it by Íome others, even wild in Eng- id; and the Mentha- piperita. ufed. ‘in Sweden, and defcribed by inkl and Bergius, - is s certainly. a different ens. from ours: Indeed I am told by thofe who cultivate- p. t f cal purpofes, that, to i dp its pu tbe roots mutt be tranf- planted every three years ; otherwife it degenerates into the flavour of b etg i from whiel neverthelefs i it is igecihceltr different. - PA Bees particularly the py in the piked Mints. "The: degree of EE of the leaves, and in general of the whole plant, is ex- tremely uncertain. I need fcarcely fay, colour is not at all to be depended | on. Many mints expofed to much air and fun become teii para ur us is of the famigi is alfo à variable cir- "The agua in ete SENA every geuus has ee confidered by all authors as affording indubitable: marks of fpecific diftin@ion. "The mints ‘have been divided into fpiked, capitate and verticillate. "Some very ftriking circumftances have led me to doubt whet! er even thefe diftinctions are well founded. I am very confident the fame i» : - fpecies ; the Britifh Species of Mentha. = 15 fpecies is found capitate and verticillate in the fame meadow, though, I acknowledge, no intermediate varieties, by which we could trace their connexion, are in general obfervable; but I have feen one or two fuch fpecimens. I have ventured to mention this novel opinion in the Engli/b Botany, p. 448, and have converfed with feveral ac- curate botanifts upon it. Moft of them are fo averfe to it, that I cannot venture abfolutely to infift upon it. The following arrange- ment of Britifh Mints will therefore be founded on nearly the efta- blithed principles of inflorefcence, but I fhall mention wherever thofe principles appear to me to divide a real fpecies. II. Having found fo much difficulty in determining the fpecies of Mentba by all the modes of diicriminaneu. hito contrived, I was | {oon convinced of the nece ity of dife | otl ler principle, or of leaving the genus together a chien as 1 found it. The expe- rienced botanift well knows how peculiarly difficult it is to meet with certain difcriminative marks between genera in very natural orders 5 happily: it is not always equally difficult in very natural. ge- nera to trace out fpecific charaéters. ‘On the contrary, Nature | ge- nerally makes fome one peculiar part, either in the herbage or flower, fo various in the different fpecies, and fo conftant in the fame, as to afford, to a careful inveftigator of the fubject, a very certain clue.. Thus, the various ores of the ftamina in Oro- banche, the ribs of the calyx in Arenaria, the form of the ftigma in Crocus, the. abíence or prefence ofa neétarium. in Gufcuta, the fhape: of the cap: fale in- Fumaria: and fome fpecies of Funcus, and its fituation in different Saxifraze, the various numbers of ftamina_ and ftyles in. - Polygonum, Phytolacca, Cerafii ium, and feveral other genera ; all tl circumftances, fome of which .in other inftances afford generic dit- tinCtions, i in the above natural genera conftitute the beft and moft Vou . Aa important 278 ! Dr. Surru's Defeription of important fpccific ones. If 1 am not too fanguine; I have met witt as fatisfactory a mode of determining fpecies in Mentha by the calyx and flower-ftalks,. particularly with regard to the pubefcence of thofé-parts and its various direétion. This is moft peculiarly ufeful . in the verticillate Mints, where it is moft wanted. In one cafe we find the flower-ftalk and bafe of the calyx invariably fmooth and naked, the upper part and teetlr only of the latter being rough with hairs pointing upward in another the calyx is all over clothed with projecting horizontal hairs; in a third it is covered with hairs which point upward, and, the. flower-ftalk with hairs that point downward. Thefe circumftances appear to me invariable. I have examined innumerable dried as well as living fpecimens, I have watched their growth in different foils, always with this particular object in view, and have found no reafon to alter my opinion. I do not fay. the hairinefs of thefe parts never varies in degree, but even in this. refpe& i it varies much lefs than that of any ether part of the plant, except. in M. viridis, which is a fpiked fpecies, and it never varies in direction. The utility of this fource of difcrimination will beft appear when we come to invefligate the verticillate fpecies, | I fhall therefore fay no more upon it at prefent, en proceed to a practical illuftration of the whole. As this genus is Pu perfe&ly COE that no one can be more fo, it will be beft, after mentioning its effential generic character, to give an account of thofe particulars in which all the fpecies agree. This will prevent ufelefs epeinons in the feparate defcriptions of each. | GENERIC the Britifh Spevies of Mentha. 0:9. GENERIC CHARACTER. © O MENTHA. Linn Gen PL 291, Yaf. Gen. 113. DIDYNAMIA Gymnofpermia. Calyx quinquefidui. Corolla fubequalis, quadrifidas lacinia latiore emarginata, Stamina erecta, diftantia. Charadler Naturalis, — Radix repens, perennis. Caules ramofi, quadranguli, foliofi. Folia oppofita. Flores verticillati, pedicellati, verticillis fimplicibus, capitatis, vel fpicatis. - Calyx cylindricus, monophyllus, ftriatus, quinquedentatus, feré regularis. Corolla infundibüliformis, calyce - . pauló longior, purpurafcens. Stamina tubo inferta. Stigma bifi- dum, acutum, divaricatum, Semina quatuor, parva, fæpiùs abor- Er on i | | : Herba aromatica, refinofo-pun tat pubefeens. » plerumque magis vel mints SPECIES. * Spicatee vel- capitata. EE MENTHA Jylveftris. Horfe Mint. . M, fpicis villofis fubcontinuis, foliis acutis dentato-ferratis. fübtüs | pucr — is, bracteis fübulatis. — KA Aaz | E ous ay folus 189 Dr. Smiru’s Defcription of : a, foliis lanceolatis. Mentha fylveftris. Linn. Sp. Pl. 804. Hudf 2500. Hull. tas. M. fpicata 8, longifolia. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 576. M. fpicata a, longifolia. Gouan. Hort. 279. M.longifolia. Hud/. ed. 1. 221. Herb. Rofe. M. villofa prima. Sole Mentb. 3 : M.n.227. Hall. Hf. v. I. i | M. fpicis folitariis interruptis, foliis lanceolatis ferratis feflilibus. — Linn. Hort. Cliff: 306. n. 1. Herb. Cliff. | . M. fylveftris, longiore folio." Baub. Pin. 227. B, Ys Menthaftrum. Dod. Pempt. 96. - Lob. Ic. $29, Ger. em. n. 684, : How, Phyt. 74. Merr. Pin. "o M. fpicatum, folio longiore candicante. Bauh. Hi m, V. * f.s CA 221. Rai Syn. ed. 1. 79 ed. 2. 124. ed. 3, 234- foliis ovatis. Teg Mentha ‘fylvettris.. Tr Dee f. 484. .M. villofa fecunda. Sole Menth. 5. f. 2. M. villofa. Hull. 126. Menthaftrum. Riv, Monop. Irr. t. 51. ee I. Mentha candicans, foliis doin et odore vulgi fativee fimilis. — Doody i in Raii Syn. ed. 2. "34r Herb. Bobart. eet B» ellipticis latis. TR : Mentha rotundifolia. Sole Menth. 9. t. 4. M. alopecuroides. Hull. 126. M, rotundifolia fpicata altera. Linn, in Herb. Cli i at ix Baz. Pin. 227. the Britifh Species of Mentha 181 M. fylveftris rotundiore folio.. Bauh. Pin. 227, ex fide Herb. Bouh. Hallet l .. M. hortenfis fecunda. Fach. Hifl. 289.. 3 : -Menthaftrum iylveftee faliis] latis. Hart. Lyf. Ah: ord. 7. t. g. Ay a A In iderat et paludofis. Fl. Augufto.: . « and 8 aré found in various parts of England.- —y plentiful i in Kent. Rand. Buddle in Bobart's Her barium. —s in Kent and Effex, but rare. Sole. At Thorpe near. Norwich, and in other parts of Nor- folk. Caules 2—4- pedales erecti, viet pilis chess: Folia fefhlia, fupra - incana, fubtüs villofa; dentato-ferrata ; ; in « lanceolato- oblonga; ' . in B ovata; in y ovata, minora, magifque. tomentofa ; ; in 4 ellip- ticas latiffima, incifo-ferrata. Spica terminales, paniculate, acu- tiufcule, villofe, denfz, multiflora, verticillis inferioribus remo- tiufculis. Braétee fubulatz, villofz, floribus duplo longiores ; in- feriores latiores. Pili pedicellorum ¢ arcté deflexi. Calyx parvus, . undique. hirtus, dentibus fetaceis, tubo longioribus. Corolla ca- ' lyce dupló longior, incarnato-purpurea, extüs hirfata. Stamina pleraimans inclufa. | The firft and fecond varieties of this fpecies are well known by the name of Horíe-Mint, and are not very unfrequently to be met = with, efpecially | the fecond, in moift or {hady places, on the banks of rivers, or in wafte ground, orchards, farm-yards,. &c. They : differ a little in the fhape of their leaves, but in no other refpe&t 5 and. run fo much into one another, that it is by. no means eafy t fettle the fynonyms of each. Even Mr. Sole, fo. ftudio i ferences i in the fpecies, of Mentha, and fo a acute in difcerning them, da _efteems . 182 : Dr. SuiTn's Defcription of efteems thefe to be mere varieties of each other. They have a ftrong {mell peculiar to this fpecies. The third variety I have feen only in Bobart' s Herbarium at Ox- ford, fent by Buddle, with a ticket in his own hand-writing as fol- ues s M. candicans foliis fpicis et odore vulgari fativæ fimilis, Doody «in App. R. Syn. 341. I take this to be only a fweet-fcented * variety of the Menthaftrum fpicatum, folio longiore candicante, * J. B3. 221. Obferved by. Mr. Rand plentifully in Kent, where -. * they call it the Rough Spear-mint. Of this kind I take to be the .'* Menthaftrum niveum Anglicum, Park. 32.” The fpecimen appears to be a variety of M. i jpladfiris with fmaller and fhorter leaves, fcarcely exceeding an inch in length. The {pikes are numerous, denfe, obtufe, downy, looking fomewhat like thofe of the true M. rotundifolia, but I am fatisfied it is not that fpecies. In Buddle's own herbarium, in the Britifh Mufeum, it is remarkable that the fpecimen to which this quotation of Doody is annexed, is almoft exactly like that marked Menthaftrum fpicatum folio longiore . candicante, J. B. my firft variety of /y/veffris, and ftill more clofely perhaps agrees with the fpecimen in Mr. Rofe's collection named under Mr. Hudfon’s authority Jongifolia of his firft edition. In the Bankfian herbarium is a fpecimen from Switzerland of Haller’s Mentha n. 228, which has a very fweet bafil-like fmell. It appears to be a fmall downy variety of Ms DR I have feen nothing fimilar to it in England. My fourth variety is very often taken for the M. rotund; ifolia, and Mr. Sole has fo. denominated it. It differs from the preceding varie- ties principally in the form of its leaves, which are elliptical, obtufe, and very broad. Culture makes no alteration in their fhape. In other refpects, after the examination of numerous wild and culti- 28 ; 3 vated : the Briti Species of Mentha, —— 185 . vated fpecimens, I cannot find the fhadow of a fpecific character, nor even a difference in tafte, {mell, or colour. | 2. MENTHA rotundifolia. - Round-leaved Mint. M. Ípicis fubhirfutis interruptis, foliis ellipticis obtufis rugofis - crenatis fubtus villofis, bracteis lanceolatis. Mentha rotundifolia, Linn. Sp. P/ 805. Hudf. 251. With, $22. Engh. Bot. t. 446. Hull. 126, M. crifpa.. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 576. M. fylveftris. Sole Menth. 7. t. e z . M. n. 226. Hall. Hift. v. 1.99. Daa Mentha(trum anglicum. Riv. Monop. DEI t. gt. F 2s M. folio rugofo rotundiore, fpontaneum, flore fpicato,. odore . gravi Baub. Hif. v. 3. p. 2. 219: joseph ed. 1.. 79- ed, a3 Mr ed, 3.234... Herb. Buddle.. TOT, nine: Tabern. Keesterb paing "o 2 E Meio. niveum Anglicum. Lob. È. 510.. Ger. em. 684. M. fpicatum folio crifpo rotundiore colore partim albo, partim: | cinereo vel virente.. Bauh: Hifi. v. 3. f. 2. 219. - M. cinereum vel.niveum Anglicum, variegatis foliis Hort. Eyf. - d. ord. ya ti 3 f 2,5 too large and luxuriant.. In rodea hones, et PaluBofis Fl. Augufto, Septembri. - | By the river fide at Lydbrook near Rofs, Herefordíhire,, alfo í in: Effex. Ray. Near Hally, Kent, plentifully. Doody. In Horn-- $e and Harefield churchyards, Black/tones. Near Saltburn, York- fhire,. . | 394. ; Dr. SMITH s Defeription of af RE - fhire, by the ae ina dry fandyiplace; Mr. Robfon. Wih. On the edge of an old moat at Shingham, N orfolk. Rev. Mr. Forby, ß is common in gardens. | Caules 2—3-pedales, erecti, pilofi feu villofi, pui posu Folia feffilia, elliptico-fubrotunda, rugofa, fupra fubpilofa, fubtüs villofa, acuté crenata; inferiora elliptico-oblonga; fuperiora minora, in- -cilo-ferrata, Spice paniculata, obtufiuículz, hirfi uta, interr upte, verticillis omnibus fere. remotiufculis. - Bratlea lanceolate, hir- fute, floribus duplà longiores, fac pius. deflexa ; inferiores ovata. “Pil, fedicellorum deflexi. Calyx parvus, campanulatus, undique _ hirtus, dentibus lanceolatis, longitudine. tubi. Corolla fere praece- : dentis. Stamina exferta. Odor totius habe a acris et ingratus.. t This fpecies is readily ditinguifhied byi its fmell from every varicty of M. Jplocffhin non hagi it been obferved to alter i in that guns other refpet; e XC rariecation of its leaves "wh m. iint e gar rder variety wre teabingly Shed! tid fpe. E EN fometimes they affume that colour entirely. It is always : a much lefs hoar y X plant than M. /ylvefiris; the leaves are conftantly- more or lefs ellip- tical, and frequently almoft round. The more interrupted fpikes, broad bractex, fhorter teeth of the calyx, and long projecting fta- mina, which laft appear to be invariable, ferve ‘alfo to diftinguith M. rotund; “spy Neverthelefs it it is hot eal to! give a fj pecific charac- 3 ter whi it from 1 the former ` {pec es, ‘without adverting to its very bécüliür acrid and difagreeable fmell ; accompanied by a degree of vifcidity when d firi pointed out to me by the Rev. Mr. Forby. FOR C NE “Mr. Sole efteems this one of the moft valuable Mints for medi- ES purpofes, and has found i it ery efficacious i in n many cafes ofr ner- yous E zar un HE CON Ha DUM Su o * 3. MENTHA - — "fhe Britifh Species of Mentha. 18; .34. MENTHA viridis. Spear. Mint. M. fpicis interruptis, foliis feffilibus lanceolatis acutis nudis, brac- teis fetaceis dentibufque calycinis fubhirfutis. Mentha viridis. Lina. Sp. PI, 804. Hudf 250. With. "gar. Hull. 126. Woodv. Med. Bot. t. 170. Sole Menth. 11, t. s. M. fpicata a, viridis. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 576. M. n. 229. Hall. Hif. v. 1. 100. Mentha. Camer. Epit. 477: ; M. Romana officinarum, five patinador, ur Le Ic. M. pta berban. Ph rmac, Lond. ——— g, M. anguflifolia enda How. Phyt. 74. Raii Syn. ed. Y. 79. ...M. anguftifolia. {picata glabra, f folio rugofiore, odore Evo. aii e yn. ed. 2... 123. ed. 3.233. Herb. Sherard. : UM. fpicata. noftras, Cardiac fativæ forma et odore zmiula, folio rugofiore. . Pluk. Mant. 129. . Mentha. Camer. Epit. 477- bene. > M. fpicata anguftifolia glabra, fpicå latiore. Dall. in Rari e 253. Dale in Herb. Sbérard. M. fylveftris, longioribus, ólgriblibu et minüs incanis foliis. “Bauh. Pin 227. Sherard. | x d,M: paee salis latiore folio. Dill. in Bai Syn. 234s Dakin Herb, Sherard. E u | | In paluftbiis. Fl. paes aar i S ‘ * 186 _ 4n Smitu's Obfervations on Near Exmouth, eventi and on the banks of the Thames. Hudjon. On a common between Glaftenbury and Wells, alfo in a meadow 4 miles from Bath, and various places by the fide of the —. Avon between Bath and Kelfton. Mr. Sole. f found by Mr. Dale -iby thé river fide at Bocking Effex: Ray, and Herb. Sherard. On the river Medway near Maidftone, Kent. Plukenet. At. Babergh . near Norwich. Mr. Pitchford... y ina meadow at Bocking, Effex. Dillenius, and Dale in Herbs Sherard.. & án a meadow by Manwood . bridge, on the right hand. of the road from Morley and to Col- es chefter. Dillenius,. and Dale i in Herb, Sherard. . Dec co T ^ tem Caules 2—3-pedales, ¢ eredi, glabri, 1 ramofi. ` ` Folia. a feffilia, lanceolata, ry TN "acuta, ferrata, glabra, quandoque fübtüs fübhirfüta; ; in f, et^ latiora et breviora, magifque aliquantulum rugofa. Spice panicu- latz, elongate, acutz, verticillis ' feré olhniBus remotiufculis. : Jen Bractee. .fetacez, floribus. duplo longiores, r magis vel minüs ciliata ; $ a inferiores fubindé lanceolate. Pedicelli ómninó g la bri Calyx | ful- ~ catus, in a glaber, in 2, y et 2 dentibus ciliatis, pilis longitudine va- riis. Corolla gracilis, purpurea; g glabra. Stamina longitudine varia. The common Spear-mint of the ardiki was not reckoned among our wild plants by either Ray or Dillenhus: - Mr. Hudfon however admits it, and the authority of. Mr. Sole confirms his opinion. . It is diftinguifhed from the other fpiked Mints. by. its lanceolate, pointed, and perfectly fmooth leaves. +; Its flower-ftalks and tube of the calyx are alfo quite fmooth, though the teeth of the latter are not always free from hairinefs ; and the braétex are generally ciliated. This is our fiet variety, the real Mentha viridis of the ree ae ca send and of all authors. . Oar ad 3d and 4th varieties have been enveloped 1 in E S bleus. à probably MU CUN “> ‘the Britif Species of Mentha. 187 probably from Ray's having fo ftrongly infifted upon the firft of them. being diftinét from the garden Spear-mint. Hence Hudfon was induced to feparate them from that, and, on account of their hairy fpikes perhaps, to refer them to his «//;/z, our fy/vefrris. Iam . convinced the conftant nakednefs of their flower-ftalks and bafe of the calyx, how hairy foever the teeth may be, is a decifive mark of their having no affinity to /y/vefris or rotundifolia, but, on the con- . trary, evinces their belonging to the viridis, with which their gene- ral habit and ftruéture altogether'agree. They only differ from it iù having a ftronger and lefs grateful fmell; their leaves are more rugofe, rather broader, and generally fhorter; their bractea perhaps are not quite fo fctaceous as in the viridis, but all thefe circumflances vary. With refpe& to their differences from ‘each other, nothing can be more flight: nor thould E have believed that any botanift would have made them different fpecies, had I not examined the au- thentic fpecimens of Dale in Buddle’s and Sherard’s collections. "Of thefe my variety y has the moft hairy fpike, the teeth of the calyx and tlie bra&ez being fringed with long white hairs. The leaves are alfo alittle hairy beneath. Itis not ealy to underftand why Dil- lenius defines this “ /pica latiore.” £ has fhorter and rather broader — Jeaves, and the hairs on the bra&ez and calyx are fhorter.. 2, the moft common variety, has broader leaves, with a lefs hairy fpike. "^1 cannot conclude this account of M. viridis without noticing one more variety of that fpecies, though it has not yet been obferved wild jn Great Britain. This differs from the foregoing chiefly in having Very bro d ovate leaves; deeply and fharply ferrated, more or Jefs crifped or curled about the edges. The bractex and calyx-teeth are fringed with fhort hairs, and the former are broader than i ufual in the other varieties, fo that they might be termed lincar-lanceolate. This is the— ae nae o CLE. —— n ; Bb2 - Mentha 189 Dr. SMITH’s Od/ervations on . Mentha floribus fi picatis, foliis cordatis dentatis undulatis feffilibus. T Hort. Cliff. 306. n. 3. Herb. Chif. but the fynonyms there. quoted belong to M. cri/pa of Linnzus, a moft di(tin& fpecies. . Another Ípecimen with fhorter and, rounder leaves 1 is in the Clif- fortian herbarium marked ,“ Mentha crifpa verticillata C. Baud. - Pin." which certainly it cannot be. This {pecimen however i is not alluded to in the Hortus Cl; ifortianus. I have in my poffeflion two fpecimens of this plant from Miller’s herbarium, communicated to him by. Houfton, who gathered them in the Leyden garden in 1728, and has affixed to them a ticket, in ; his own hand-writing, containing | four fynonyms, every one of which, I verily bolia belongs to a different fp: | them to the plant in queftion !- With. all. thefe fynonyms it is how- | ever diftinguifhed in Boerhaave' s Hort. Lugd. Bat, 185,5. 3.* and a fifth is there fuperadded. which belongs to ftill another fpecies « dif- ferent from all thereft, . Such extreme sonfufion is rare, even in t the | xy of Mentha ! ‘Te happens that one of thefe fynonyms, M. ro- ; tund; mS T, Aur antii odore, Maorif, v. 3. 369. belongs to Mr. Sole’s M. odorata, commonly called in our. | gardens Orange Mint; and the moft curious circumftance of all is, that Miller, in the Sth edition. -of his Dictionary, n. 9, meaning to deícribe this Orange Mint by the name of M. rubra, and happening to have before him the two. fpe- cimens now in my poffeflion, with this erroneous fynonym of Mori- fon annexed, fabricated from them his characte ter ai defcription 5 _confequently what he has faid by no means. SCORE with the plant implied. by his latin. as well as englifh name, and which I have no. doubt was. what he had in-his eroe | | . x i f P es DR Rt Y. ist TS af 3 Thefe ae were copied by Honfton fiom Boerhaave’s vu, as 4 e error. of tbe prefs which he has retained, in citing John Bauhin, 318 inftead of 218. E MENTHA: ars by am. the Britifh Species of Mentha. E 4. MENTHA piperita, Pepper Minte — M. fpicis shtutis inferné interruptis, foliis petiolatis fubovatis gla- briufculis, calyce bafi glaberrimo. «, foliis ovato-lanceolatis. l dig a Mentha piperita. Hudf. 251. With. 523, var. e Woodv. Med. _.. Bat. t. 169. s M. piperita officinalis, Sele Mentb. 15. f. 7. M. piperitis, berba, Pharmac. Lond. € officinalis, Hull, 127.. TIS B, S abbreviatis, foliis ovatis. Mentha piperita. Huli. 127. _M. „piperita vulgaris. Sole Menth. 19.1.8. - (M. fpicis brevioribus et habitioribus, foliis Menthe fufcæ, fapore. fervido Piperis. Raii Syn. ed. 2. 124. ed. 3. 234. t. 10. Ji M. fervida nigricans, breviore folio et fpicà. Herd. Sherard. . - M. aquatica five Sifymbrium.. Baub. Hi xm Ue 3. p. 2. 223 È 2» foliis cordato-ovatis. M. piperita Ífylveftris. Sol Menth. $3. f. 24» ` OM. Aircina, Hull. am. In pee Fl. Augufto, Septembri: a in Hertfordfhire. Dr. Eales. In a fwampy plot on vaihiows, near. Bath, called. the Wells; alfo by the fide of. the Avon in | & | Newton- 190 : Dr. SMITR’s Obfervations on Newton-mead. Mr. Sole. In a rivulet in Bonfall dale near Matlock, 1790. in Effex. Dale. By Wandfor (Wandfworth) river. Herb. Sherard. Yn various watery places about Bath, and between Wells and Glaftenbury; alfo in Chiltern-bottom, Wilts. Mr. Sole. + in afwampy place at Lyncomb Spa, and various other wet places about Bath. Mr. Sole. In a little peninfula on the fouth-weft fide of Saham meer near Watton, Norfolk, obferved by Mr Sreya ‘and miiti in 1797+ Saabs eredtiufenli, 2—3-pedales, (in y 4cpedales) ramofi, purpuraf- centes, fubhirfuti, pilis recurvis. Folia omnia petiolata, ovata, acu- tiufcula, ferrata, atro-viridia, fupra glabriufcula, fubtüs pallidiora magifque hirfuta, venis albidis vel purpurafcentibus : : in æ anguí- tiora et feré lanceolata; in @ breviora et fubelliptica ; in y latiora, cordato-ovata, fzepiüs glabra. Spice terminales, folitariz, obtufi- ufculz, inferné interruptz, verticillo infimo (in «et 9) remotiffimo, : pedunculato ; ; in B abbreviata, obtufiores, et feré capitate. Brac- tee lanceolate, ciliate. Pedicelli vel omnind glabri, vel füperne hirfuti, pilis raris recurvis. Calyx fulcatus, gracilis, glandulofo- punctatus, bafi omninó denudatus et glaberrimus, dentibus atro- purpureis, ciliatis, quandoque (in 5) apicem verfus undique hir- futus, pilis adícendentibus. Corolla purpurafcens. Stamina inclufa. _ Odor pungens, fübcamphoratus ; Japor pem fervidus, ama- | Yicans; in y virofus et ingratus. E eem Britifh botanifts have long been in great perplexity concerning the {ynonyms of the common garden pepper-mint, fo valuable for its medi- ^ cinal properties. No one had however fufpeéted that it was not the Mentha piperita of Linnzus, till his herbarium arrived amongtt us, -His original fpecimen there preferved is indeed the pepper-mint of the north Se. | of the garden pepper-mint, but much lefs agreeable. It varies in the Britifo Species of. Menih T 19r north of Europe, well defcribed by Bergius in his Materia Medica, but quite diftin& from ours, from which it may at once be known by its very hairy flower-flalks and calyx. It is merelya variety of the M. birfuta of Linnzus with the flavour of pepper-mint, of which I {hall prefently mention another inftance; and this being the cafe, I - beg leave to retain the name piperita for the original Pepper-mint of Ray. Of this there are two varieties, my a and £, diftinguifhed as fpecies by Mr. Sole, but by cultivating the living fpecimens with which he has favoured me, and obferving various others in a dried ftate, I am perfuaded they cannot be fpecifically diftin&. "The - old authors fuppofed them to be one and the fame, as we learn from the collections of Buddle and Sherard; by which alfo we afcertain with precifion the fynonyms of Ray and Dillenius. A Dr. Eales appears to have been the difcoverer of this valuable plant, and he tems to have firft gathered the long-fpiked narrow-leaved kind, fuppofed to be of-the beft quality... A ticket is annexed in Sherard's herbarium to the capitate variety, which afferts that “ Ray judged this to be the M. aquatica five Sipymbrium of John Bauhin, and com- pared its fcent to Penny-royal.” I think the writer of this ticket miftook the plant Ray meant, which is thé common Z/z/uta of Lin- EI “nus; but neverthelefs it feems very probable, from John Bauhin’s. figure and defcription, that our capitate pepper-mint may be what the latter intended. He fays indeed nothing about its calyx, but he defcribes and figures the M. birfuta in the next chapter, exprefsly - mentioning the denfe hairinefs of the calyx in that fpecies. ^ "No writer before Mr. Sole feems to have noticed my third variety, — y. It is a larger plant in every refpect than the others, with broad almoft heart-fhaped leaves, and long thick fpikes. Its flavour is that de- gree of hairinefs; even the upper part of the tube of the calyx is oc- : E cafionally 192 S Dr. SMITH'S Obfervations on cafionally hairy, though never the lower part; the upper fide of the leaves in general is quite {mooth and rather fhining. 1 have not hitherto obferved it to alter much by culture, even in a dry: foil, but confidering the changes to which M. piperita is certainly liable, I can difcover soho on which to found a fpecific difference between them. — jme ; B ues ; E MENTHA odorata. Bergamot Mint. M. (pin busts, foliis. pedis cordatis utrinque nudis, ite "undique glaberrimo. |. Tm cep s Hs ‘Mentha odorata, Sole Mentb. 21. t. oF M. rubra. Mill, Dict. defer. erroned. M. rotundifolia rubra, aurantii odore, (cotuhdifolia fpicata, altera b B) ei v. "3 369: os 11. f. 6. d $ eres me In anna P. : F à Jalo, Augufto. E Very common by the fides of rivers and brooks in Chefhire, sf ally about Afton houfe; Mrs. Walmfley : alfo in a fmall brook or ditch near Capel-Carey, between Llanrooft and Llanberrys, N orth Wales. Mr, Sole. CEN, ; Herla tota qu see POT RE Caules I 1, ramofif- "fimi. Folia petiolata, latè cordata, obtufiufcu . Spica terminales, breviffimze, capitate, obtufæ, denfz, verticillo infimo remoto, axillari, fubpedunculato. Braéiee fetacez, omninó glabrz, Pedicelli teretes, glaberrimi, atro-purpurei, Calyx gracilis, fulcati glandulofo-pun@atus, atro-purpureus, tubo dentibufque omninà . glaberrimis. Stamina inclufa. Odor aurantiacus, ferè Monardæ didymz. i | This Be Britify Species of Meith: = 193 -This appears to me a very diftin& fpecies, conftant in the broad heart-fhaped form of its leaves, orange-like fcent, and invariable fmoothnefs of the whole plant, even the teeth of the calyx. In the form of that part it moft nearly approaches to M: piperita:. Mr. Sole confiders it as conftituting one fpecies with Dillenius's Mentha Si- fymbrium diéta hirfuta, glomerulis ac foliis minoribus ac rotundiori- bus, Raii Syn. ed. 3.233. . 10. f. 15 and Morifon feems to have been of a fimilar opinion, from the hairy figure he has annexed. to his pro- . per fmooth one. Ihave not obferved a fpecimen of Dillenius's plant in any herbarium ; but his defcription, ‘notwith ftanding the orange {cent, feems to exprefs a variety of M. dirfuta, to which his figure unqueftionably belongs; and from the place. of growth it fhould feem likely that Merrett's M. balfamita vel. latifolia odorata might _ be the fame with that; yet the epithet /stifolia fcems rather more proper for our plant hay that of Dillenius, However this may be, I am certain M. odorata can never be a variety of birfuta ; neither is it the aquatica of Linnzus, though fome part of his defcription agrees with it. His expreffion. * planta: non. hirta" feems peculiarly ex- preffve of it, but the ftamina being conftantly fhorter than the corolla has always been an eee — his — — will be a ome hereafter. | 6. ec hiphtihans o sir s EU oy E | Hairy Water Mint. inter? M. (oicis Tri Aut petiolatis. petit wai pndique hirfutoy. pedicellis retrorfüm hifpidis, . 4... v sapa aM - a, Mentha hirfuta. Dinn. Mant, 81. With. T e Heat. LI Engl. Bot. t. 447. Hull127. > u iNspuaVI -o E en. ‘M, aqua- 194 © | Dr. Smith's Obfervations on M. aquatica: ` Hudf. 252, a et B. | M. aquatica major. -Sole Menth. BGs 8, °F Fe minor, ibid. ES ^£ IQ: M. aquatica feu Sifymbrium. Tfl Phyt. 74. Merr. Pin. 76. — Rati Syn. ed. x. 79. ed. 2. 123. ed. De 233- Gere em. 684. Jer. ~- Buddle, M. floribus capitatis, foliis ovatis ferratis Um Linn. Hort, Ch. 306. n. 4. Herb. Chiff. di qo - M. rotundifolia paluftris. Mori. fed. 11. t. 7. f. 6. _M. aquatica five Sifymbrium hirfutius. — Rauk, sa v. 3: ee Qe ` 224. Herb. Buddie — . _M. paluftris fpicata. Riv. Monop. DA 7. 49> t Sifymbrium hirfutum. Rai Syn: ed, 2. 341. ed. 3. 233. Herb. Buddie, | S. hirfutum, folio anguftiore et acutiore, minimé ramofüm, -= D. Rand. Herb. Buddle. —— | : $i fyivehite. Dalech. Hif. 677. Origanum vulgare, |.F7, Dan, t. 6381 ß, Mentha Sifymbrium dicta hirfuta, glomerulis’ ac foliis minoribus. ac cote ee Dill. in Raii Syn, .23 3. $. TO, f I. M. aquatica five Siymbrium, Bash. T4 v. 3 M. piperita. d i paluftris Sole Menth. 13. t. 6. M. aquatica. Mill. Dici. ed. 8. n. ge M. aquatica, folio.oblongo viridi glabro, faporis fervidiffimi, Hei. Buddie, e? Herb. Bobart, . ' Menthaftri Ale Britifo Species of. Mentha, o 39$ Menthaftri aquatici genus hirfutum, {pica latiore. Raii Syn ed. 1, 79. ed. 2. 124. ed. 3.234. Baub. Hifl. v. 3. p. 2. 222. “Herb, Buddle, - "Menthaftrum minus fpicatum Lobelii, - Dalech. Hifl. 674. Mie. «c Pbyt. 74. M. minus. Ger. em. 685. Calamintha tertia Diofcoridis, menthaftrifolia aquatica hirfuta. Lob le, 510. Dill. in Herb. Sherard. e Mentha paludofa. Sole Menth, 49. t. 22. In aquofis, Fl. Augufto, Septembri, æ, very common in watery places.—2, in the parith of Eaft Borne, . Suffex, in the road to Peventey. Dill.—y, a native of England. — Herb. Banks.—5, near Bocking. Dal. Somerfetthire. Mr. Sole. In a little peninfula on the foarken fide of Saham meer near Watton, Norfolk; along with M. piperita ye—s, in Holt-fen at Streatham, near Ely ; alfo in a rivulet by the fide of Awdry-caufe- jS | "n near "Hadingham i in the Ifle of Po e Sole. Herbo tota magis vel minùs birfütg fzepe pepan odore forti, cvariabili. Caules erecti, ramofi. Folia petiolata, ovata, ferrata, - fubtüs pallidiora. Spice terminales, breves, capitate, obtufe, ver- ticillis infimis plerumque remotiffimis, axillaribus, pedunculatis ; in A longiores, cylindracex ; in ¢ interrupte, verticillis plurimis — — axillaribus, omnibus feffilibus. Breéea fepiis lanceolate, hir- - fate. Pedicelli undique hirfutiffimi, pilis reflexis, albis, fubinde arété depreffis. Calyx tubulofus, fulcatus, purpurafcens, glandu- | lofo-punétatus, undique hirfutus, pilis furfüm curvatis, lon; git - dine variis. Corolla purpurafcens, extüs hirfatus, j . tudine varia, in « et m exferta. ey "c2 196 Dr. SMITH” Obfer vations on Under the firft variety of this fpecies I comprehend every thing that has been taken in England, and indeed. moft. other countries, for M. aquatica and M. birfuta of Linnzus; the editor of Fl. Dan. 4, 638 being not lefs fingular in naming it Origanum vulgare, than he is in calling Ballota nigra, t. 673, Mentha aquatica, It varies greatly in luxuriance, degree of hairinefs, and colour of the ftem and foliage; . but every difference in thefe refpects is fo manifeftly owing to a greater or lefs degree of moifture, or of expofure to light, that among all the fynonyms I have quoted, I can find no diftinétion. permanent or intelligible enough to. characterize even: a feparate variety, much lefs a fpecie. What I have marked 8 is fo diftin- guithed only in deference to-Dillenius, and more with refpe& to the | {weet fmell he attributes to it, than to any thing in its form EF . have not been fo fortunate as to find this variety in any old dea . rium, as has been already obferved under M. odorata. : __ y differs but little. in form from the common M. TUN Eisen in being rather more flender, of a paler hue, and the leaves fome- what lefs hairy. Its principal difference confifts in its Peppermint flavour. This is the M. piperita of Linnzus and Bergius, cultivated: in the north of Europe for Pepper-mint. Linnzus’s fpecimen is. from the Upfal garden, and has-the flavour of our M. piperita very. rong. . This . circumftance. led. him. to confider it as the plant of. EM enn i agreeing: with i iti in | appearance, but do: not: ial e tto" have the fame: flavour in any wild one.. If the M. aquatica five Sifymbrium of John Bauhin be.not our M. piperita By it is this piperita of Linnæus ; but that point muft remain in doubt, for want of a defcription: of the calyx. In this variety the ftamina ate fhorter than the corolla, at leaft in the Linnean fpecimen ; ; in « and B théy are longer. p ^ isa very curious variety, for I cannot confider it as a fpecies, ous "S | eph - the Britifo Species of Mentha, — 107 jägi ftrikingly diftiniguifhed by its ETETE thé capitulum | being lengthened out into. a-leaflefs {pike of feveral whorls, more or lefs crowded together. The lowermoft whorl is generally axillary -and pedunculated, and fometimes is alfo elongated into a little fpike.. Buddle appears to-have been: the difcoverer of this plant in England. ‘He called it M. aquatica, folio oblongo viridi glabro, faporis fervidi iffimi ; and- it exifts fo. marked in his herbarium.. There is a fpecimen of the fame i in Bobart's collection, fent by Buddle, with a ticket of his own writing, confifüng of the: character juft mentioned and the fol- lowing remarks : “Hac eft, ex. fententià D. Dale, Menthaftri aquatici genus hir- ** futum {pica latiore, J. B. 3. 222.. I defire you and your lady to $e tafte of this, and. after fome little time chewing, you will find it very hot. The whole face of - the idle ds. different: from Dr. “ Eale's Peppermint." | e ^ | "This old fpecimen ftill taftes of Babee in which, as well as every external character, it agrees with thofe I gathered, in com- pany with. Mr..Crowe; at Saham-meer.” Buddle is wrong in deno- minating it “ folio glabro," for the leaves: in his own fpecimen: are by no means: fmooth on either fide. Beneath they are paler, and -confiderably hairy. The calyx and flower-ftalks precifely agree ' with thofe of the foregoing and following varieties. Mr. Sole’s fpeci- mens very - nearly accord with mine, except in having only the ufual fmell of M. birfuta.. 1 believe all the other fynonyms-above quoted — are correét, SM etas ^ had once great doubts- concerning the figure 2 np and Base. the pef being. shee po Lm Wes Races: of tie Bowet; both in ve aüd tole Mihis; and an tH curate comparifon of fpeciméns with thefe old’ cuts has removed 1 doubts. M. palufiris folio oblongo, Mel RH. 33.47. fF. ^ in which : Ts ee P1 ao 198 0 Dr. Smitu’s Obfervations on alfo the corolla is drawn galeated, may belong to this variety, or to the next; but I would not venture to quote it, not having obferved the original fpecimen i in Bobart's herbarium. E The remaining variety e is reckoned by Mr. Sole among the ver- ticillate fpecies, and indeed tbe living plants with which he favoured me proved truly verticillate, all the whorls being axillary, and the ftem terminating in leaves; that is to fay, it became exa&ly M. fativa. A dried fpecimen however, communicated alfo by Mr. Sole, has the- upper whorls cluftered together, with very fmall leaves accompany- ing them, and the ftem terminates in a blunt head of flowers, as in his tab. 22. This only fhews how nearly the capitate Mints are allied to the verticillate ; and I have another example of the fame kind in the M. aguatica of the Linnzan herbarium, upon which, though I have found no exaétly parallel fpecimen wild in England, | I beg here to offer a few remarks. | _ The original fpecimen of M. aquatica, which Linnzus defcribed, is B really a verticillate Mint. The main flem has 10 whorls, 7 of them - axillary, and the leaves that accompany thefe are much longer than the flowers. The 3 uppermoft whorls more clofely approach each other, and are accompanied by leaves fo much fmaller than the reft, that the whole has a capitate appearance. This defcription is ap- .plicable alfo to the 5 lateral branches of the fame fpecimen, and will be found to accord with the fhort account in Spec. V d Yet Lin- nzus is fcarcely correét in faying ** planta:non hirta." The upper leaves. at leaft are clothed with fhort Sole peeled. hairs. The branches and calyx are alfo hairy. ~The flower-ftalks are lefs fo than is ufual in M. birfz/a or in M. fativa, but they are furnifhed |. fufficiently with little reflexed briftles to decide the fpecimen to be- © long to one or other of thofe fpecies; I-hardly know which, for I really believe them not to be diftinct, and that this. AM. aquatica of Linnzus, ile Briti ifb. Species » Mentha, | 221 99 Tiani; and M. paludofa of: Mr. Sole, are the conne&ing links be- tween the other varieties. In the Sherardian herbarium is a {peci- men marked M. paluftris verticillata, Cat. Gif. p. 168, I believe by Dillenius himfelf, with a quotation of Rivinus, tab. 48. f: 2, of the propriety of which I am very doubtful This fpecimen is clofely allied to that of M. aquatica I have juft been defcribing. Tt is all over hairy in fome degree, but not ftrikingly fo. The calyx and flower-ftalks are exactly as in the ufual M. birfuta. The whorls are 6 in number, of which the 3 or 4 uppermoft are approximate, but the terminal one is fmall, fo that it could never be called a capi- tate fpecimen. It is very xs 25 feet, with long runners from the lower part. Hence it appears that M. aquatica i is no longer to be coüfidéred as a diftin& fpecies. If the foreg oing remarks fhould appear long and tedious, the obfcurity of the fubje&t, and the great uncertainty which all botanifts have fo long been i in, concerning the fpecies in: qoin s muft form my apoen BER t {fit ** Porticillata, . 7. MENTHA /ativa. "Hairy Whorled Mint. M. foribus verticillatis, caulé erecto, foliis ovatis, calyce undique hirfuto, pedicellis retroríüm hifpidis. | 4 a, Mentha fativa. Linn. Sp. Pl. 80 5> ee fynonymis). E 253. Engli Botet 448. — . M. verticillata. Linn. Syf. Nat. ed. IO. 1099. Had ed. I. 222. _M, rivalis B» y et dy (nec a), Sole Menth, 45. ai M. ver- 2200: ~~ |. Dr. SMiru's Obfervaiions on M. verticillatæ varietas; hirfutié foliorum diferepans.. Seco sedi 3. 232. ed. 2: 124. 6... Herb; Bobart. M. Sifymbriz facie et odore, hirfutà et vertiillata, D. Rand, Herb. - Buddle, eet arvenfi ver ticillatæ fimili fed multà ees Hes ` Buddle. , , E | & Mentha aquatica: ita i fotendiore: folio;; Dil. itt — Herb. Sherard. = | ! » M. LIE minima, odore ae ais ‘Herb. Budite; > ck .. M. aquatica exigua, Dill. in Raii Syn. -— | M. auftriaca. Jacq, Auftr. t. 4302 : s See et aii Fl. Septembri, ! : «, about rivulets on the. fide of Shotover hill near Osiord. Mr, TR man Bobart. Herb. Bobart. On. the. banks of the river Lea, “near Hackney. Mr. Edward Forfer. At Saham in Norfolk, and in many other places.—f, in a ditch on the left hand of Chalk’s- green, going from Braintree to Leez houfe. Dillenius.—y, found by Mr. Buddle, in company with Mr. Francis Dale fen. by the - fide of the new river near the upper end of Stoke Newington. Herb. Sherard, On Skoulton common near Hingham, Norfolk, : but Euh only the ufual fmell of x variety eo | Habitus, Picketta figura foli ect ot color variabilis, omnind Men- | .thz hirfutz. . Differt tantüm floribus omnibus verticillatis, ax-. laribus. Verticilli inferiores fæpiùs EIS tuit. E: 2 de can Rie no deleto of this Mint which will not be a. rept * tion = (5 ghe Britifh Species of Mentha, — 201. tion of the foregoing, except that the flowers are all whorled. With - refpe&t to the hairinefs, the form of the leaves, the pale green or purple colour, and in general the fmell, there is no difference. I have parallel varieties of both in all thefe particulars, except indeed that I have never found. the Pepper-mint flavour in any variety of M. fativa; but I have an inftance of the {weet {mell of /ativa var. y in an old fpecimen of M. dirfuta in my poffeffion. This however is of fmallimportance. In the calyx and flower-ftalk they accord pre- cifely. The hairs which entirely clothe the former are curved up- wards, thofe which cover the latter are either curved backwards, or clofely preffed to the ftalk in that direction. This circumftance will be found a certain clue to diftinguifh all the varieties of this plant from every other whorled mint. m OE attention to it there is no poffibility of determining. them. The ftamina are either longer or fhorter than the corolla, which is externally hairy. Sometimes the tube has hairs in its orifice. It is as Voie uds to mark every fleeting variation in this Mint as on e hirfuta. B, collected by Dillenius, and pre- fered in x ths atari oF Sherard, is a lax broad fmoothiíh-leaved | variety, the fix upper whorls of which have very fmall leaves accom- panying them; a circumftance which occurs in fome varieties of Mr. Sole's M. gracilis, and fhows an approach to the fpiked mints. The calyx is duly hairy, and the flower-ftalks clothed with reflexed hairs, Rhouch lefs thickly fet than ufual. y is the Mint that was miftaken for the exigua of Linnzus, whofe hiftory is to be found in the third volume of our Tranfactions. I had not, when that paper was written, difcovered the importana of the pubefcence upon the calyx and flower-ftalk of this genus, or I . fhould not have affented to the poffibility of Buddle's plant being gentilis: neither did I fufficiently attend to ghe old authors towbich Nor. a Ed Dd it d y. . 202 Dr. Smitu’s Obfervations on it is referred. I. now perceive the impofüibility o£ deciding whether it may or may not be the M. aquatica exigua of Tragus; but I think his figure, as well as that of Lobel, much more like arven/is, and the figure in Fuchfius, 7. 291, is moft probably gracilis. Dillenius there- fore has been too heedlefs in his felection of fynonyms here as in many other inftances. The fpecimens he had in contemplation are in the Sherardian collection ; and as his error has caufed much trouble to following botanifts, they merit a particular defcription. ; In the firft place we find the M. gracilis ( M. gentilis Engl. Bot. 4d. 449), with a ticket marked, in the hand of Dillenius if I miftake not; - ^ € M. verticillata glabra, & odore Menthe Jative. "—]t muft be remem- bered that by M. Sativa he means the Linnzan viridis. To ‘this Sherard has added: * M. hortenfi s quarta. Dod. Angl. 245. M. an- gufifolia glabra, odore Menthe ypicate, D. Dale. In the hop-ground at Bocking plentifully." In the fame fheet of paper with this is , Buddle’s s and Francis Dale’s plant, the {mall _/ativa, the leaves of which are not fmooth. It isin- fcribed * found by Mr. Buddle in company with Mr. Francis Dale fen. by the fide of the new river near the upper end of Stoke New- ington.” With them, in the fame paper, is a third fet of 3 tpi patted on one fheet, marked, “ obferved by Mr. Finacis Dale jun. by the © brook down Lordthip-lane near Stoke Newington.” This has nearly fmooth leaves, and does not materially differ from the firft fpecimen in this fheet, gracilis, The calyx is only rather more conftricted. . By the remark of Dillenius in the Synopfis, “ foliis glabris et an= guftioribus à priori (M. arvenfi) differt," it appears beyond a doubt the plant he intended in that article, p. 232. z. 2, was this gracilis, with which he confounded Buddle's fpecimen. No one would be 3 pre: i in fuppofing a man of Dillenius’s. character and merit could make : cific names of Mentha in. from the {pecimen ufually | called fativa, and which is really cultivated i in gardens, pro- : the Britifo Species of Mentha, | 203 make fuch a miftake, if thefe fpecimens did not prove it. - Confe- = quently the article in queftion muft have been ftiil involved i in im- penetrable obícurity without them. I have only to add, in conclufion of this aestuat of M. fativa y, that Mr. Crowe and myfelf obferved upon Skoulton common, Nor- folk, great plenty of a variety very clofely agreeing witli this fwect- | fcented fpecimen of Buddle, except in fmell, for ours has merely the ufual fcent of M. /ativa, nor has culture in dry or wet ground altered it. 'Thefigure and defcription of Jacquin's M. au/iriaca come very - near this. The leaves are occafronally of a dark fhining green, but that is accidental. : Perhaps fome apology is neceffary for the trivial name fasi as applied to a Mint which is never cultivated. Ican only fay the fpe- neral are. very bad and inexpreffive: Few pérfons-would prefer. verticillata, the original denomination of this plant in Linneus. He feems to have been aware of its impro- priety; and the wrong fynonyms in Sp, Plant. which he copied -fent him by Miller, belonging to the Mint bably led him to adopt that name. I have more efpecially thought it not worth altering, as the fpecies will perhaps not be kept dif- tin& from Airfuta. 8. MENTHA acutifolia, . Fragrant Jbarp-leaved Mint, nl M. foribus udin. foliis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque acutis, ca- lyce undique hirfuto, pilis pedicellorum patentibus. E ^. Mentha verticillata. Mill, Dj. ed. 8. m 17. Herb, Miller, dion "Dude = TT p M. Yer. 20. Dr. Smitn’s Obfervations on 4 ~ M. verticillata aromatica, folio longiore et acutiore. Rand. Mfr. ` M. aquatica verticillata odoris grati, Herb. Buddle, Ad fluviorum margines, rarius. Fl.... | Obferved by Mr. Rand on the fide of the river Medway, Kent; — Buddle; between Rochefter and Chatham. Miller. Herba hirfuta, odore fuavi. Caulis ere&tus, bipedalis, fubfimplex, pilis ar&é deflexis. Folia brevius petiolata, patentia, ovato-lan- EU ceolata, utrinque acuta, inzqualiter ferrata, bafi apiceque integer- rima. Veriici/li numerofi, feffiles, denfi, petiolis feré æquales, mul- - tiflori - Braitee : lineari-lanceolate, vel fubulate. Pedicelli hif- pidi, pilis horizontaliter patentibus, longitudine variis, fubinde re- curvatis. Ca/yx tubulofus, undique hirfutus, imprimis ad bafin, . pilis adícendentibus. Corola extüs fauceque pilofa, Stamina in- clufa, | * know Uu Mint fun by a | fpecimen Pam Miller's herbai prefented to me by Sir Jofeph Banks, and another in Buddle's col- lection. It is clofely allied to M. /zz/va, and perhaps may be merely another variety of Airfuta.. "The leaves however are narrower, more pointed at each end, and more unequally ferrated. The fmell is that of Frankincenfe Thyme, as in M. /ativa y. ‘Its moft diftin- guifhing character confifts in the hairs which clothe the flower-ftalks being either altogether horizontal, or only occafionally recurved at their tips, whereas in M. fativa and birfuia they are clofely reflexed fo as to touch the ftalk with their points, and fometimes quite de- - : preffed. This mark, added to the thape. of the leaves, and the - whorls being altogether feffile, make: me venture to defcribe-this as — a diftin& fpecies, at. leaft till fome botanift has an pes ty, of ` inveftigating it in its native place of. growth, | 9. MENTHA, the Britifo Species of Menias 205 9. MENTHA rubra, Tall Red Mint. M. floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis; caule erecto flexuofo; pedicellis. calycibufque glaberrimis dentibus hirfutis.. Mentha fativa. -Solé Menth. 47. 1. 24.. : M. verticillata. Rair Syn. ed..3. 232. Riv. Monop. Irr. t. 48. f 1? M. crifpa. Hort. Eyf. ZEft. ord. 7. t. 5. f. 1. ` M. crifpa verticillata. Bauh. Pis. 227. Morif. fet. 11. te 7. fo 3. Herb. Bobart. = M. crifpa verticillata, folio rotundiore. Ra Sp. ed. 2. 324- Bauh. Hii v. 3: dde: 2. d eds dive. et feb SHOE ee | - | M. fatio rbe Cit. em. 6808" PORE -M. cruciata. Lob. Ic. 507. In foffis, et ad fluviorum margines. Fl. Septembri.. By Hackney river at the ferry-houfe. Herb. Sherard. In Peckham fields. Dill. in Rati Sym North Wales and Shropfhire. Mr. Sole. By the road fide between Edmonton and Enfield ;. alfo near Wal- thamftow. Mr. Edward Forfter. Under a wet hedge in the road. from Watton to Saham church, Norfolk, plentifully. Herba glabriufcula odore forti congenerum. Caulis 4— 6-pedalis, erectus, flexuofus, parum ramofus, purpurafcens, glaber. Folia petiolata, laté ovata, incifo-ferrata, faturaté viridia, lucida; fub- tùs pallidiora, venis fubhirfutis: fuperiora minora et fubrotunda,. — Aaterdüm crifpa. Verticilli namerofi, pedunculati, multiflori. Bracite ua. o p. n tober; interiores fetacex. | -Pedicelli 206 ‘Dr. Smrvu's Objervations vt | Podiceli teretes, purpurei, lucidi, glaberrimi. Calyx tubulofo-cam- panulatus, refinofo-punr&tatus,: “glaberrimus, dentibus ciliatis, ~ quandoque dorfo hirfutis. -.Corz//a magna, purpurea, glabra, refi- ! Ux seges E Stamina longitudine. varia. -This is a very ditin& fpécies of Meniba,ofteh cultivated in pus avhere it is fometimes called Heart-mint, or. Red-Mint, and found . wild in different parts of the kingdom yet it has never been well underftood by late writers), .Linnzcus appears not to have known it, for it is not in his herbarium, and he confounds its fynonyms with © his M. fativa. Whether Hudfon comprehended this fpecies under - ‘his rubra, T kno w no means of determining. | It appears clearly to be’ what Ray and Dillenias intended in the places above quoted, both from what they have faid upon the fubject, and the fpecimens in all the old heibariums. Thofe in the collection of Sherard have a . number of meam of the old authors in his hand-writing, Some ‘other han -has added the fynonym of Rivinus, Mentha verticillata. Probably this may have been done by Dillenius, for he has firft in- ferted the Mint by that name in the Synopfis ; but I very much doubt "its propriety. A loofe ticket, in the hand of Samuel Dale I believe, has the fynonym of C. Bauhin, and “ I have found this in three ^feveral places." On another loofe ticket is written with a pencil, in a hand I am. ‘unacquainted. with, “ Odor Menthæ hortenfis. “Hackney river at the ferry houfe. Sept. init." Hence we learn ‘that the conjecture of Mr. Edward Forfter, of the M. /ativa of Lin- - næus being the mint Dillenius had from the Hackney river, fee E.g. Bot. 448, however probable, i is not exactly truc. Dillenius “indeed as well as Ray confounded M. fativa with the mint of the "Hackney river; but I fufpect they did fo from the report of Bobart | ud d brother, without comparing fpecimens. My reafons for the Briti Species of Mentha. 207 this conje&ture are as follows. There is not to be found in the col- le&ions of Buddle or Sherard any fpecimen.of M. /ativa with marks: of its having been gathered by Tilleman Bobart at Shotover, or with any indication of its being the fappofed hairy variety of the M. ver- ticillata of the Synopfis. We learn thofe particulars only from Bo- — bart's herbarium. In thatcolle&tion is a paper of the tall Red Mint, my rubra, marked with feveral of the íynonyms I have adopted. With this is one loofe fpecimen of M. /ativa, and a note in Buddle's. writing, faying, “I want your brother Tilleman’s variety of this, birfutie foliorum diferepans." Hence I conclude M. /ativa to be that fuppofed variety, of which perhaps James Bobart had no duplicate to fend Buddle, and he might put his note to the fpecimen as a me~ morandum to procure him the plant at fome future opportunity,. which feems never to have happened, as it is not in Buddle’s her- barium at prefent. . Sh el err Mig It is certainly very wonderful that any botanift could confound: M. fativa with the plant now under confideration, even without | attending to the calyx and flower-ftalks, which in the rubra are - always. perfeétly fmooth, except a few hairs on the margin, rarely on the back, of the teeth of the calyx. ~The fmooth reddifh zigzag. ftem, with a very few fhort branches curved in various direétions,, rifingto the height of 5 or 6 feet when fupported. by buthes ; the deepe. green fhining nearly {mooth. leaves; the large handíome purple: flowers; readily diftinguifh the M. rubra from all.others, nor is it liable to the variations to which moft fpecies are fubject.. | ar - "— | T - IO, MENTHA Pe ^ ramofiffimus, ra ramis elongatis, patentit ibus. 208 . Dr. Smrru’s Olfervations on > so. MENTHA gentilise VET |. Bufby Red Mint. | M. floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis, caule ramofiffimo terit, calyci- bus bafi, pedicellifque, glabris. Fees | < Mentha. gentilis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 805. M. rubra. - Sole. Mentb. 41. £. 18. Mer rivals a a. E San 45 i. 20. l M. act eR REED TAE “Morif; x 1u. E zs y^ s. Berk ec Buddle, M. criff a ied Arh, 8 Bfoct. Me Ed buc n agucüsetudematissarós. Fl. Augulle —.-. c: ain pools and Brooks between Mole and Tfenicofl North Wales, —Mr. Sole. B, in Lock's-brook between Wefton and T'werton, So- merfetíhire. Mr. Sole. y about towns, but fcarcely to be met | with truly wild, Herba fubhi fata Contis erectus, pedalis e. B eid fcaber, obti fiufcula, ferrata, lætè viridia, ut qu x dus | Brevibus fubbirfuta, | venis fubtüs albidis, omnia fere conformia$ in 2 lon- giora et fubellipticaş in y variegata. Verticilli fubfeffiles, multi- flori; in y interdum longiüs pedunculati. Bradéiee lanceolatz, magnitudine varie. Pedicelli teretes, purpurei, fepits glaberrimi ; ž in y fubinde parùm hirfuti, pilis.deflexis. Calyx tubulofo-campa- iuto, fuperné hirfutus, pilis adícendentibus ; bafi glaber; un- BEE MS | = E abe Brito Species of Mentha. 209 dique refinofo-punctatus. Corolla pallidé purpurafcens.. Stamina inclufa. ' | | Mr. Sole’s fpecimen of ihis M. rubra. moft- precifely agrees with the original Linnzan fpecimen of gentilis, and it is on his authority 1 reckon this among the Britifh Mints. His rivals « appears to me - the fame in every effential point, differing only in having a taller ftem, and the lower leaves more elliptical.» His figure indeed bears more refemblance to fome of the fuppofed varieties of this fpecies, which I have already referred to /atrva, more efpecially in the hairinefs of the calyx. We muft not however pay too much atten- tion to that circumítance in any of Mr. Sole's plates, his artifts (however excellent) not having had it in view. Nor is it fair to charge any body concerned with negle& on that account, the moft | "acute botanifts having never confidered the pubefcence of the calyx or flower-ftalk as of any material importance in this genus. 'The variegated Mint, fo common in gardens and about cottages, - agrees with the Linnzan. gentilis in every particular, and not with arvenfis, to which Bobart referred it in Morifon's work. In one part of Buddle's herbarium it is marked Calamintha ocymoides of ‘Ta- "bernzmontdnus; and indeed his figure is not unlike it. In the Cliffortian herbarium it is erroneoufly named M. crifpa verticillata. I find by a fpecimen from Bobart in Buddle's collection, and an- other in his own at Oxford, that he at one time fuppofed this va- ; riegated Mint to be M. arven/is verticillata, folio rotundiore, odore aro- matico, of Vernon. Rai Syn. ed. 2. 123. But as he has omitted this fynonym in Morifon's work, he probably altered his opinion ; and indeed I have a fpecimen of a different plant which appears more likely to be that of Vernon, as will be mentioned under oM s. V. Ev Ee a This * efto o Dr. SMITH Obfervations on This variegated variety is liable to have all its whorls elevated on footftalks above half an inch long, in which cafe the braétex are more numerous as well as larger. In a very dry gravelly garden I have obferved, among a thoufand fpecimens, fome few more downy in every part than the reft; and in thefe only the calyx and flower- ftalks alfo were hairy. But this is a very rare alteration in Mints, nor do 1 know another inftance of it. The direction of thefe hairs was almoft as in M. fativa; whereas in arven/is they are ftrictly ho- rzontal: a diftin&ion that will always be found very important. E — "TE E. b US o NR ME RET. s a II. MENTHA gracilis. - baies WEE Narrow-leaved Mint. .M. floribus verticillatis, foliis lanceolatis fubfeffilibus, caule ramofif- fimo erecto, calycibus, l bafi prdicellique ess | 3 t. Mentha gracilis. "ep Menth. 37- 4.16. .- M.gentilis. Engl. Bot. t. 449- With. 524. M. rubra. Hud/. 252. : : M. fufca five vulgaris. Raii Syn. ed. 1. . 78. ed. 2. 123, ed. $ 232. Herb. Buddle.. “M. verticillata glabra, odore M. fativee (viridis). "Herb: Sberard. M. anguftifolia glabra, odore M. fpicatz. Dale i in Herb. Sherard, — Balfamita officinarum, Hort. Eyfi. Af. ord. 7 d. E E $ Ry Mentha pratenfi js Sole Month. 39- i ¥7. y, M. gentilis. - So/e Menth. BG: IB . M. hortenfis verticillata, oe odore Mor; é fe II. f 7. fi. ia ‘Herb, Buddle, ` M. car- y: . the Britifh Species of Mentha. oP 211 M: cardiaca, Ger. em. 680, ex icone. ` i =- M. verticillata minor, acuta, non crifpa, oido Ocymi. Bauh, i rci DIEPER: — ex ache ' EC. non. pratifve "— FI. Augufto. = a, at Bocking and Stoke-Newington. - Herb. Sherard. Neke- Wal- thamftow. Mr. B. M. Forffer. Near Bradford, Wilts. Mr. So. At Saham, Norfolk. f, in the New Foreft, Hants. Mr. Sole. ^» frequent in ditches’ and wafte places near towns and villages, - but pen wild. Mr. Sole. ' Herba fubhirfuta. Caulis ere&us, fei pedals, {caber, rubicundus; medio przcipué ramofiffimus. Folia fubfefhilia, uniformia, lan- ^ ceolata, acuta, ferrata, bafi anguftata, leté viridia, utrinque. pilis "Übrevibus: fabhirfuta; in @ deflexa., Verticilli multiflori, fæpiùs feffiles, interdum pedunculati. Braétee lanceolate, hirfute. Pedicelli teretes, purpurei, omnind glaberrimi. Calyx tubulofo- | campanulatus, purpureus, refinofo-punctatus ; bafi glaberrimus ; ^ apice dentibufque hirfutus, pilis albis, erectis. “Corolla t puppe: apice barbata. Stamina inclufa. s M Hub wedr When the Seti isn in Engl. Bot. $- 449 was ; written, I refed this Mint not to be fpecifically diftinét from M. gentilis of Linnzus. To. this I was led by the exa& agreement of their calyxes and flower-ftalks, except indeed that the latter, as well as all the lower _ part of the calyx, are more conftantly and completely fmooth and | polifhed in M. gracilis than i in the preceding. Mature confideration, has now induced me to feparate them, -and it 1s never too late. to correét an error. M. gracilis has lanceolate, fharp-poin ted fharply ferrated and almoft feffile leaves, more upright branches, p the Ae F {mell b r cf 212 Dr. SMITH'S Obfervations on {mell of M. viridis, at teaft in the moft common variety, «.— has the flavour of M. piperita, and is befides remarkable for its deflexed leaves, The very near refemblance in fenfibie qualities of thefe two varieties to the two fpecies juft named, led me at one time to fuípe& the inflorefcence had here again deceived us, and that they ` were only varieties of thofe fpiked Mints. A careful examination of tha important part, the calyx, however, guarded me againft this error, at leaít as far as M. piperita is concerned. The calyx of that Ípecies is much longer, lefs campanulate, and more acutely ribbed than in any variety of M. gracilis ; in fhort its form and appearance, without adverting to other parts of the plant, fufficiently prove - them to be diftin&. In M. viridis I am obliged to confefs the calyx moft precifely accords in every particular with that of gracilis, But the leaves of the latter being attenuated at the bafe, and by no means fo ftrongly veined, or rugofe, as in the viridis, even without con- fidering the inflorefcence, prevent us from confounding them. I fpeak now of gracilis «3 for in Band y the leaves are much lefs at- tenuated at the bafe, and more approach to an ovate form, + is the mint Cafpar and John Bauhin characterized by its fmell, which they juftly compared to. Ocymum or Sweet Bafil. This is not per- ceptible in all flages of its growth, bat very permanent in dried fpecimens, in which it refembles the flavour of Mufcadel Grapes. In this plant the leaves that accompany the flowers are fo very - much fmallér than the reft, and often fo like braétex, they almoft reduce it to the fpiked divifion of the genus. It is indeed a moft puzzling plant. Perhaps it ought to be reckoned a fpecies, and arranged next to M. viridis. This is a point I muft leave to thofe who can ftudy it in a truly wild ftate. In garden fpecimens I find the floral leaves vary too much in fize to enable me to come to any a pe determination. TA aiia | she Britifo Species of Menibas | 213 12, MENTHA ar«venfis. : Corn Mint. M. floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis, caule ramofiffimo, calycibus _ campanulatis undique hirfutis pilis patentibus. Mentha arvenfis. Linn. Sp. Pi. 806. Hudf. 253. With. 524. Hull, 128. Relh. 224. Sibth. 182. m 127. Sole Menthe 20.1. I2. Hl. Dan. t. 512. . M. floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis.acutis ferratis. Linn. Hort. Cliff. 507. m. §. Herb. Clif. M. verticillata hortenfis odore Ocymi C. B. Pin. Herb. Chiff nec Bauhini. | . ! M. ien Calamintha. oa nes ‘Syn ig 2. mS d 2 232. . — Herb. Buddle. . — M.arvenfis verticillata. procumbens. Morif. fed. 11. t: X: fs | Calamintha E Ger eM Bos How. 19. Merr. Pin 8. B Mentha arven fis maj jor, veraiciths et floribus amplis, folii is Harbus, | .. ftaminibus corolla longioribus, odore grato. Sole Menth. 29, » M. przcox. Sole Menth. 31. 1.13. 5, M. gentilis. Mill. Dici. ed. 8.0.15. Herb. Mill.. - . M. verticillata,, rotundiore folio, odore Ocymi. S. Dale. Mf... M. verticillata glabra, foliis ex rotunditate acuminatis, Buddle. . — Herb. Buddle & Herb. Bobart. : -. M. arvenfis verticillata, folio rotundiore, odore aromatico. - Rai Syn. ed. % 123? ed. 3. 232? | s M. agreftis, Sole Menth, 33.1. 14.. : a ‘i éiá - Dr. Smit u's Obfervations on e e In arvis inundatis, precipue, arenofís.. FI. Junio, Julio. y, in moift meadows. Mr. Sole. à, on the right hand of the road from Bocking to Gofsfield, Effex. Mr. Dale. At Shelford, Cam- . bridgethire ; Mr. Wigmores. Ray? ¢, common in corn-fields - | and neglected gardens about Mendip hills, Shepton-Mallet and B Frome, : Somerfetíhire. Mr. Sole. Herba magis vel minds bilog; odore forti, fepius peculiari et ingrato. —. Caulis ramofiffimus, plerumque diffufus; in y et e erectus. Folia - petiolata, ovata, feu elliptico-ovata, obtufiufcula, varié ferrata ; in e rugofa, et feré cordata. -Verticilli\multiflori, fubfeffiles. Braélee lanceolate, fubtis hirfute.. Pedicelli teretes, apice. pur- purafcentes, fepe glaberrimi, interdum plus minus hirfuti, pilis fparfis, fubreflexis. Calyx brevis, cámpanulatus, obfoletiüs fulca- “tus, refinofo-punétatus, undique pilofus, pilis horizontaliter pa- : tentibus. Corolla do pupure extùs piob: eges i ina et B The common M. arvenfis is one of the few Mints that every bd tanift calls by the fame name. It is met with in the borders, or be- tween the furrows, of corn-fields, efpecially i in places where water has ftagnated in the winter. Its pale green downy furface, branch- ed diffufe ftem, and efpecially a pecáliar ftrong odour which comes from every part of the herb when touched, and which moft people compare to that of blue mouldy cheefe, readily diftinguifh it. To which may be added the campanulate fhort figure of its calyx, and ` the long hairs which entirely clothe that part projecting horizon- tally. If.this circumftance be attended “to, it can never be con- founded with any of the preceding. The flower-ftalk is round, -— polifhed, purple in the upper part, often quite fmooth, but for the : 1 i i moft tii , the Brio Species of Meniba. 215 moft part clothed with a few fcattered T. rather pointing down- wards, moft numerous about the upper half of the ftalk. The fpe- cimen jn the Cliffortian herbarium, referring to n. 5 of Hort. Cif. has the flower-ftalks more hairy than ufual. Another in the fame - collection, which I have cited above, has them nearly {mooth. My 2d variety @, Mr. Sole's third, differs very little indeed from the common one, except in being rather larger, from its fituation in wet meadows. The ftamina in both are for the moft part longer than the corolla. Mr. Sole's ad variety I have not feen. He de fcribes it with a reddith upright ftem, narrow leaves, and a pleafant Ímell. res y flowers earlier than the common kind, and has a more fhining furface, though clothed with fhort hairs. The leaves alfo are more _ recurved and ‘elliptical. — n {mell | Ican find no difference, nor canl | difcover any thing on which to found a fpecific diflin&tion. The ftamina being fhorter than the corolla cannot be thought fufficient. $ I know only by the original fpecimen in my poffeffion, gathered by- Dale, and defcribed by Miller as gentilis, I have never feen it living. The fpecimen i in Buddle's herbarium differs only in having E the bafe of the calyx perfectly fmooth, whereas in mine that part is all over hairy. The leaves are íhorter and broader than in com- mon arvenfis, but no other difference is difcernible. The {cent of Bafil, which Dale attributes to it, can only mark it as a variety.— -F think there is the greateft probability of this being Mr. Vernon's aromatic mint mentioned in Ray's Synopis ; but having feen no ori-- ginal fpecimens, . I quote it with hefitation. In Buddle's herbarium is a fpecimen of M. fativa y, with rounder and fhorter leaves than | ufual, found in 1710 by the Thames’ fide near the: Neat-h ufes, Chelfea, by himfelf in company with Mr. Rand, which lie fays they agreed to be Vernon' s pane- Hence it m that p was even . ee “then 216 Dr. Suita’ $ Obfervations on then only to be determined by gusti; and Dillenius has merely copied | it into his edition of the Synop/s without any additional remark. Bobart, as I have already mentioned, once took the variegated gemis of the gardens to be the Mint of Vernon. I know not that this un- certainty can ever be-removed, except fome old herbarium thould E. unexpectedly afford an original fpecimen. — ¢ is a very remarkable plant, for which Iam obliged to Mr. Sole, the only perfon I believe who has found it; and I have been much inclined to make it, as he does, a diflin& fpecies. Its leaves are very broad and almoft heart-fhaped, marked with ftrong parallel veins ` which. render them rugofe. The ftamina are fhorter than the co- = rolla. In every other particular, even in fmell, it agrees perfectly with M. arvenfis, efpecially in the calyx and flower-ftalk ; and I think it mutt be confidered as a variety, for I have abundant proofs that the fhape of the leaves is more liable to vary in this fpecies than 13. MENTHA Pulegium. Penny-Royal. | M. floribus. verticillatis, foliis ovatis, caule proftrato, pedicellis caly- cibufque undique tomentofis : dentibus ciliatis. Mentha Pulegium. Linn. Sp. PI. 807. Hudf. 254. Wit. 525. — Hull: 130. Relb, 224. Sibtb. 182. -Wacdv. Med. Bot. 1. ue Sole Mentb. 51. t. 23. Pulegium. Rai: Syn. ed. 1. 79. ed. 2. 125. ed.. 3. 235. How. Phyt. 99. Merr. Pin. 99. Bauh., Hifl. v. 3. f. 2. 256. Fue. Hi; jf. 198. Riv. Monop. Irr. t. 23. ft I. P. regium. Ger, em. 671. - Pulegium, erba, flos, Pharmac. Lond, - = i : + dle Britifo Species of Mentha. 217 In ericetis et pafcuis humidis. Fl. Septembri. Herba odore acri, aromatico. Caules proftrati, ramofiffimi, repentes, pilofi, angulis obtufiufculis. Folia parva, petiolata, ovata, obtufa, i Eee ferrata, fubtüs praecipue fubhirfuta. — Ferticilii feles, pro foliorum ratione magni, numerofi, multiflor Braéee nullx. Pedicelli tomentofo-incani, feu pilis breviffimis, denfiffimis, un- dique te&i.— Calyx tubulofus, gracilis, fulcatus, refinofo-punc- tatus, pilis denfis, brevibus, porrectis, undique veftitus, dentibus ciliatis, acutis, inzqualibus, fauce villis albis conniventibus claufà. Corolla calyce dupló longior, purpurea; bafi alba, extus villofiffima, Stamina exferta. | Penny-royal. cannot be confounded with any other Britifh Mint, nor is it fübje& to any varieties worth notice. Culture makes it more luxuriant and eret. Sometimes the flower is white. "There are fome foreign fpecies carefully to be diftinguifhed from it by the different hairinefs of the calyx, as well as other marks. ‘They agree with it in the fhort foft clofe downinefs of its flower-ftalks, by which, without regarding its fmall leaves, and different habit, it is decidedly diftinguifhed from every other Britifh fpecies. This difference con- firms the remark I have fo often made, of the importance of thofe parts in characterizing the fpecies throughout the whole genus. | Vor. V. : TI M | XX. On XX. On two Genera of Plants belongin hy the Natural Family of ibe : urantia, By Jofeph Corréa de Serra, LL.D, F.R.S. €? L.S. Read Fuly 2d, 1799. Lu obje& of this paper | is to examine the generic characters . and the natural affinities of the Crateva Marmelos of Linné, and of the Crateva Balangas of Keenig; two plants, each of which I conceive to bea genus by itfelf, not only diftinct from the Crateva, but alfo balneis: to a different natural order. _ Among the many advantages. deriving to: botany from. the: pro- grefs made of late in the knowledge of the natural affinities of plants, one of the moft obvious is the facility i it affords in many inftances, of recalling to their natural, places, plants which, by overfights un- avoidable in artificial fyftems, even the moft ingenious, ‘had been affociated to extraneous genera. Of this advantage the examina- - tion of the two plants above mentioned will, I. prefume,. afford an | example. The affinity of the genus CAE (fach asi t was firft conflituted ` by Plumier *, and adopted by Linnét,) to all the genera of the Cap- parides, is obvious to every inquirer of natural affinities. However different the principles might have been on which natural arrange- ments of plants have. been attempted, this affociation has been al- d * Under the name of Tapia. Plum. Nova. Plant, Gen. p. 22, t, 23. = ~ 4 In the firft edition of Gen, Pi, «113. we 6 "J "EE . x Ways Dr. Corr EA on two Genera ef Plants, Be. : 219 ways acknowledged. as ftriétly natural. To the fagacity and pro- found fcience of Juffieu we are of late indebted for the conftant and almoft exclufive characters which diftinguith this family, and cir- , cumf{cribe its affinities. He remarked, that the feeds in this natu- ral order contain a crooked embryo without perifperm; that their placentation is always parietal, in a fruit which in confequence muft be moftly unilocular *. The Crateva marmelos of Linné, and the Crateva anni of Konig; I have obferved i in the herbarium of the Right Hon. Sir Jofeph Banks, and I have received the fruits of both from him. Upon ex- amining the fruits I have found that their feeds contain a ftraight embryo with a fmall radicula, and flefhy, large, plano-convex coty- ledons ; and that their placentation is central, in a multilocular fruit; they. cannot therefore be fpecies of Crateva. The further . examination of the other parts of their fructification confirms this firft opinion, and, fhewing how far they differ from the Crateva in other important points, gives us a clue to find their proper place in the natural fyftem. sonc . But. before lL. proceed to the defcription. of the fructification -^ thefe two plants, as I intend to deviate in fome manner from the common method of defcribing, I muft give the reafons which per- {uade me of the utility and perhaps neceffity of the alterations 1 adopt, and fhow that fingularity, or fpirit of innovation, are not my motives, but that the prefent ftate of {cience requires, in fome man- ner, this change of method. .. Of the fix divifions i in the Linnzan method of defcribing genera, four relate to the flower, and exift at the fame period, viz. the calyx, coroll, ftamina, and piftill; the other two exift after the decay of the jr viz. the REMAP and the feed. "They; are. the off- Fufieu Gen. PI 2- 246. dn) ; F f 2 | | fpring OT Dr. Correa on two Genera of Plants fpring of the flower rather than a part of it; and their ftruéture at the period when they are the objects of obfervation and defeription, . has often received material alterations from their ftate when in the flower. Linné confidered them in this light, when he defcribed the germen, that is to fay, the fruit as it exifts in the flower, as a part of the piftill ; and again defcribed it in the articles of pericarp and feed, to fhow its ftructure as it exits, long after the decay of the flower, When ripe and perfect. - Former botanifts having given great attention to the calyx and coroll, and the fexual EN being founded on a minute confider- ation of the ftamina and piftill, thefe four parts are accurately and carefully exhibited i in the Linnzan defcriptions of genera, but this is not the cafe with refpe& to the fruits or the feeds. We are at prefent enabled, by the obfervations of Juffieu, Gertner, and a few other botani(ls, to defcribe thefe important objects with an accuracy un- known to former ages, and to collect from the detail of their parts a number of characters, (many of them of great weight,) which, mul- tiplying the points of comparifon, eftablifh more firmly the degrees of affinity or difference betwixt plants, and thereby lead us to a more intimate knowledge of their nature. Even in the defcription of the flower, the progrefs made by botany fince the death of Linné requires perhaps fome change: 1ft, Becaufe the infertion of the ftamina, a _ character of à fuperior order, was by him *arefully marked only i m the Icofandria, Polyandria, and Gynandria, in which claffes it is (if I may be allowed the term) the claffific character. 2dly, Becaufe in proportion as that multitude-of different organs which go by the general and in many inftances unmeaning name of zeZar/um, are phyfiologically difcriminated, and accurately defined, the neceffity - of marking them for what they are in nature, is morc and more fen- fibly felt, And sdly, becaufe the germer itfelf, as a part of the flower, À varies . Nati. belonging to the Natural Family of tbe Aurantia. 228 varies very often, in number of loculaments and of feeds, from the ripe fruit.—The comparifon of thefe two ftates, of the fame object, re- quires an attention, from thofe who feek the ways of nature, far greater than has been hitherto beftowed on it. Thefe reafons, I hope, will be a fufficient excufe in n the eyes of every candid Botanift, for my attempting to defcribe*the fructifica- tion of the plants which are the fubjeét of this paper, in twelve, inftead of fix divifions, in the following manner : . eT T I. The fower, in the four ufoal Linnzan divifions of calyx, coroll, flamina, and pifill; marking, however, the infertion of the ftamina, and the nature of what Linné, in analogous plants, has called Declan ium. E "The ed in four ihan ions, ; viz. the: pa: ts of the Rewer Which. perfit and accompany the fruit, and which I defign by the name of induvia, the pericarp, the placentation of the feeds, and the deb; ifcentia. i i 3 The i; in four act viz. its ien its integument, b = ig be and the embryo. The two genera which we are now to confider are deficient in fome of thefe parts; but it is equally interefting to the Botanift to know the abfence of fuch parts, as to be acquainted with their form when prefent. What new terms Tam ne to employ — fhall be TH in the notes, i | The 222 Dr. Correa on two Genera of Plants ‘The following is the fru&ification of the Crateva marinelos of Linne, to which, ee it to be.a new genus, I give the náme of ÆGBLES, Pi *"tros. Car. |... Perianthium pb silio parvum quinquelobum fruc- oe tum non comitans 1. EST Con. Petala quinque. Fun multoties major a, patentia ovato- acuta. | Sram Filamenta plurima brevia fabulatad in. pente elevati, a ~ ~ feu difci hypog; ni parte externa. nietos sed abe ob- longeere&x. ——— Eg T. Germen ovatum fuperum. zs ep pei Stigma ovale Seg: plurimis obfoleté fulcatum juxta Koenig), + | AM OPRUCTUR i s « hoUvix nulle. : | KE ea A PzRiC. . Bacca corticofa turbinato-globofa, cortice glabro fcrobi- culato per maturitatem lignofo, Loculamenta (in meo fpecimine) decem cincta carne fpongiofa, poft matu- ritatem evanida. .. : _PLacexr, Gharda $i ici is ‘compofita centralis; . Chordulz | pate t f " T Seq. cns 3 P SER pack a ms NC d xr eS w ' One of the US t "The calyx remains after the flowers decay, bat falls os Tor máturity of he Fruity as I have feen in the fpecimens. which I have obferved. t In every fruit, , properly fo called, there is a longitudinal bundle of fibres and veffels which may be traced from the infertion of the fruit in the receptacle to the ftigma : : to this bundle the feeds are affixed, from it they originated, and through it they are moft probably fecundated. This important bundle I call chorda pifillaris, EHE i] tiales e sy belonging to the Natural Family of the. Aurantia, 223. tiales tot quot loculamenta axi fuberofo coalitz. Semina in unoquoque loculamento plurima fimplici . ferie difpofita, funiculo umbilicali re&o brevi chor- dulis affixa. | Denisc. nulla. ARTE A wis ‘SEMEN LIBERUM, Forma. Semen fubovatum compreífum, versüs umbilicum "an-' C — guftatum, pilofum. Intec. duplex; exterius coriaceum pilis intertextis glutinofis veftitum ; interius membranaceum ad alterum latus Ij ete caries rro $ wu np PS é PERISP. | ane -Ensr. . femini conformis Beor error es ae plano- con- vexa carnofz, radicula minima, "This asset is made ‘from’ xoci ie from India by - Dr. Roxburgh, Dr. Ruffel, Dr. Koenig, and: PY. the Moravian mif- fionaries of Tranquebar. . Two feemingly diftin& fpecies of this genus nif in the her- barium of Sir Jofeph Banks, both arboreous, and both growing in the Eaft Indies. 'To that which has been known under the name of Crateva Res I continue the old trivial name, and call it- gk sume... = The 24 c rp CORREA on two Genera of Planis The Crateva balangas of Koenig, known to the Englifh in the Eaft Indies by the name of Elephant apple, has the following fructi- fication; and, as a new gcnus, I give it the name of - TERRONDET Qo —À ks * FLOS. | | CAL, Perianthium monophyllum quinquepartitum plan um parvum (deciduum ex Koenig. ) Con, Petala quinque oblonga acuta perenna nM nud dedos longiora. - - Stam. Filamenta decem, bafi lata T€ utrinque ad bafin villofiffima, erecta, in receptaculo elevato feu difco hypogyno inferta. xthere obovate erecte. Pist. Germen fubovatum fuperum. Stylus brevis conicus. _ Stigma acutiufculum. | ** FRUCTUS. INpvvrIE nulla. + PERIC, Bacca corticofa turbinato-ovata, cortice afpero per ma- - turitatem lignofo. Loculamenta plura, carne fungofa obvoluta. PLACENT. Chorda piftillaris compofita centralis ; horde — A tot quot loculamenta, in bafi et apice pericarpii tan- | tüm unita, caterüm plus minufve per maturitatem ? _ divergentia. Semina in unoquoque loculamento plura, fimplici ferie difpofita funiculo umbilicali lato chordulis affixa. Deuisc. nulla. * One of the Deities to whom the Ancients dedicated Forefts. ##* SEMEN, < Belonging to the Nataral Family of the Aurantia. | 225 : *** SEMEN LIBERUM. ' Forma, Semen ovatum lenticulari compreffum pilofum. INTEG. duplex; exterius membranaceum pilis intertextis vefti- | | tum, interius coriaceum, in obtufiori parte chalaza lata ferruginea notatum. Perisp. | nulum. - : EmBR. . Semini conformis albefcens, cotyledones due plano- . convexz carnofz, radicula minima. This genus I have defcribed from fpecimens fent from India by Dr. Ruffel and. Dr. Koenig. We are acquainted with only one {pecies, a. tree growing - in the forefts of India, which I call Feronia elepbantum, from the name by which it goes TE the Englifh inhabitants of the Eaft Indies. Plants are always better defcribed from frefh, than from dried fpecimens; but in order to fatisfy myfelf, and to be able to anfwer for the characters, I have fcrupuloufly avoided vendus any which were not difcernible in the fpecimens before me *, though Keenig’s : defcriptions of the inch marmelos and Balangas, are more explicit * For inftance, the hilum I have not marked, in cither of the two genera, becaufe I could not fufficiently diftinguith its figure. That of the Feronia feems to me worthy the "attention of the botanifts who may have occafion to obferve it in a fzefh fj pecimen. The ES fle(h, which in both genera furrounds the loculaments, I defcribe fuch as it was in the dry 4 Ípecimens: after having. been. foaked. The membranes, which form the loculaments, I have not defcribed, though'effential parts, becaufe I conceive they muft be very different - in the frefh fruit, from what they appeared to me in the dry fpecimens. I muft notice, however, that their interior furface, in both genera, is covered with large round fears of dried veficular glands, of which I will heréafter take an opportunity of {peaking more at jarge, and i in a more proper place, in a Memoir on the Natural Order of the Aurantia. . - Vor. V. S Gg : row n ..226 Plants belonging to the Natural Family of the Aurantia, "in what refpects the flower, having the uou of being pade from eig fubjects. - The feeds, the fruits, the infertion of the ftamina on a diftus bypog ynus, furrounded. by a calyx monophyllus, and a coroll of a defined number of petals, thow to a demonftration: that thefe two. . genera belong to the.family of the Aurantia. What place they are. to occupy among their affinities, and confequently what are their. true effential and differential characters, wil: þe difcuffed in a. future. POS on. a. this natural order,. T | = ee RK DAS Ce) XXI. Defcriptions of tbe Mus Burfarius and Tubularia Magnifica: rom Drawings communicated by Major-General Thomas Davies, F.R.S. E sce sie. M.D. F.R.S. VP. LS. - - Read June 45 1799, HE Mus burfarius belongs te to a particular divifion in the genus, containing fuch Ípecies as are furnifhed with cheek-pouches . for the temporary 1 rece] tion of their food. It feem: | h: been yet defcribed, or at leaft not fo diftintly as to be eafi ly afcer- tained. It approaches however to one or two fpecies mentioned by Dr. Pallas, Mr. Pennant, and others; but differs in fize, being - much larger, as well as in the appearance of the fore-feet, which have claws differently. formed. e any of the pouched ido. - hitherto defcribed. In order to fecure its License among Naturalifts, it may be proper to form for it a fpecific character, viz. Mus cinereus, caudá tereti brevi fubnudé, genis Sasat, unguibus pal- marum maximis foforsis. Aih-coloured rat, with fhort round nearly d tail, Bouche pose ind the claws of the fore-fect very large, ee br burrowing in the ground. E "The cheek-pouches are far larger in proportion to the edis — than in any other of this tribe, and therefore have given occafion for the fpecific name. - re Geo | E. This T: n d 228 $T e Dr. SHaw’s Defeription of the "Ehe quadruped was taken by fome Indian hunters in the upper: parts of. Interior Canada, : id fent down to Quebec. It is now in THE Ti ai — magni ifea muft be confidered. as by f far the largeft ius ound in various parts of It is very fhy, and on Ly * ts elaftic tube, which on a farther res into e ecimens can be ob- fn one as contain them. A nto tubs of fea-water, may be kept for months in . perfect order ; and from one of nem, fo preferved this drawing was made. ` : "The fpecifi c character may be thus givens ee Teporarta m. fimplici albido, tentacul s numerofifimis albo rubroque varialis. Tubularia with a fimple whitith tube,.and very numerous tenta- cula variegated with red and white. It is neceffary to obferve; that, in the form of its body, at leaft as - far as can be judged from the part reprefented i in the back view of the animal, it feems to make an approach to the genus Amphitrite, and may be confidered as in fome degree connecting thefe two genera - E | It may phap be doubted whether fome of the fmaller T1 ‘ . fuppofed to be the young =e may not in reality belong to fome uses of Aum. | . TAB, CA qx Hinn SransV. tab Bf 228. is ones ann lal 9 po 234. : E RF RM T ^ P al e 1799 r y ANE AE DA 22 6 efte: € r Ys ee - xi " ig. I. fhews th other Marine Produétions. | 5j Henry B | Fl. cruftacea arenofa lutofa, poris fimplicibus fubquincuncialibus. - Ellis Zoopb. p. 17. n. 10. Gmelin Syft. Nat. v. i. 3829. Pallas El. Zooph. pe 37- "e 5. Ellis Coral. p. 74. t 25. fe c... Rai i Ea P: 3r | T T may not be im r. Ellis’s account of this- : production. | x e “¢ This fea mat 1 d and Tire into a cruftaceous body, with fmall ioft in a quincunx ofder — e oon hi ead i in Wales. Its form, wann ee j received it intire, I judged i it na be ee r tee call bis ra: ; > marina:—There i is a layer of fand and flime under as ellasover — | the 257 t —]QÀ p rt Stren aaemeda- bs Boys BA gU. 797. i Mr. Bovs's. Account of the Fluftra Arengfa, c, 23Y tlie cells which taripole it.—It is very friable when dry., Whether it belongs ta this genus or not, I fabmit to the curious." Eiss- ^— Zoopb. p. 17. Great numbers of thefe odis are found, in the fpring, on the fandy fhore between the mouth of Sandwich Haven and Deal, at low water ; ií fome years more than in others; particularly in May: . £797.—It is undoubtedly the nidus of fome marine animal, as I have found the celis intire, with eggs in each.. i In the fammer feafon there is frequently. found on the fame fhore,. clüfters of black roundifh bodies united together- by fhort cords, — forming very exactly the refemblance of bunches of black grapes. : both as to fize and calor. -The fubftance is tough and elaftic, and. = the bodies confift of al coats, the outermoft of. which is black, eee the iiio perfectly tranfparent ; and they are filled with: clear water, containing the eggs, and .fometimes the living embryos. of the Sepia officinalis. : . During the fame feafon we likewife meet with large maffes of a jelly-like fubftance, to which: are conneéted a number of tubercu- lated appendages bearing together the refemblance of amop; which: tubercles are. diaphanous, and include fometimes the eggs and fome- times the embryos alive of another fpecies of Sepia—I think the: E Loligo, but am not certain.. XXI.. 75. : XXIII. Ax Account of a remarkitble Fariet of the Beech, Fagus Sylva- ticae By Chriftian Henry Perfoot, M.A. F. M. L.S. Read Oétober I, 1799. REES in general are not liable to thofe alterations i in their fubftantia parts that we obferve in fmaller plants... In fome indeed the leaves. frequently become by culture variegated with white or yellow fpots, and in that ftate are much admired by lovers of gardening. The Beech however is fubject to vary, not ona in the colour, but alfo in the figure of its leaves. The beautiful variety of this tree with blood-red leaves* is ; pretty = well known, and is multiplied by engrafting on the common kind; but being deficient in vigour, as all fuch varieties originate in weak- neís, it does not always fucceed. A fingular variety with deeply indented leaves has been dif- : covered in Bohemia by Mr. Vignet +, not much unlike the laci- : niated variety of Betula alnus in figure. _ A lefs ftriking but ufeful variety is defcribed by. Mr. inia under the name of Mandelbiiche, Almond Beech, growing wild in = Fagus fylvatica, var. foliis atropurpureis. ` V. Burgfdorf Anleitung zur fichern Erzgie- hung der Holzarten. Th. 2. p. 91. The author mentions his being alfo in pofleflion of a variety of the fame tree with ftreaked leaves. T F.fylvatica, var. laciniata, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis glabris profunde ferratis: ferraturis acutis patentibus. 4. v. Vignet Anzeige einer neu-entdeckten Bucbenabart, —. Vide Schmidts Sammlung phyficalifch-ceconomifeher Aufitae, I band. p. 173. 1. —— the E a rye 22 dini Peed Vend. Mp 233. KIN Á VON ; " Md et ley ale AR ated Remake 71 she Tiguri V : N 3 LN] ‘the Duchy " Wirtemberg, and which is ‘remarkab e-for 1 ordinarily. large leaves and fruit *. <2 — doe oe The ftriking variety, of which I now Beg leave to prelen a fhort deícription and figure to the Linnzan S ciety, deferves above all others the attention of. aturalifts. Itis fo remarkable tha A were of frequent occurrence, it ex to claim the diftin&jon ofa peculiar fpecies. of Pogus. {ha Il however confider it only as a variety, with, the following « geras — EP c s Facvs fyhoatica ; varietas ‘quercoides, cortice téffclato. Tie. —— Not fat. from the village of Reinhauffen, within about two hours “ride of Göttingen, is to be feen a fingle individual of this variety. i 3e country call it Ransmel-bufebe, apparently from ed from thi iixture of € of an “The bark of the trunk and Jarger rnc is entirely formed | "* like that of an Qak, by which it is at.once known from other Beeches. . The tree has likewife the. crooked, and proportionably hort, ‘branches of the Oak; fo that a {pectator at fome dianc, or cin the winter feafon, would undoubtedly take it. for fuch. - Tt is from 40 to 45 feet. high, and eight in circumference. The Strunk ftraight and upright, moft branching at the top. As it IS hollow within, and may probably not lait many years, having already fome dry boughs in the upper part, it isa pity fome attempt has not been made to increafe it, ee to fee if culture makes any Change in its nature. , "Tas. XI. reprefents | a piece of the bark, with a leaf, of the Fagus fyloatica, var. quercoides.. £ % J.S. Kerner's Bofcbreibung und Abbildung der Biiume und 4 Coptic bicho in dem Herzogtbum Wirtemberg wild svacbjen. Stutlgart 3793» P ides PN S, d Y> a A ds 3 XXIV. Gata» i - XXIV. | X Cataloghe of ps af the more rare 5 Plants pec in a Tour V/eftern Counties of England, made in Fune 1799, Ul ON EL. $e and Mr. ni S ies E LS Nx Wo a ise extent Li m M want of; proper books and otlier conveniences te examine what 1s found, and, above all, the i ignorance of the fpots moft likely to prove ad-.. vantageous. his rches, a obfta les which every traveller, whofe ` 3 Natural Hiftory, muft encounter, in a greater or fmaller proportion. Of thefe a very. confiderable fhare fell to our- lot, tlie objects that we endeavoured to follow being far more nu- - _ „merous and extenfive than our limited leifure would allow us to. attain; for it cannot be imagined that the time left for Botan ES. could be confiderable, when itis known. that in little ı more thana _ month we journeyed | nearly a thoufand. miles, ftriving at the | , ame time to beftow attention. ‘upon the other branches of na- tural hiftory, the manufactures, and the numerous antiquities with, which the county of Cornwall eminently. abounds. : This, then, muft plead our excufe (if indeed an excufe be ne- ceffary).for. the fhortnefs. of the following lift, into which we have. admitted: no. plant that we ourfelves did not fee growing, and - from which we. have tried to exclude all-thofe that may not be daffed. Rare Plants bfas ina Tory Se. agg ‘elafle a among ‘the more rare productions of this: ET unlefs, . verhaps, in the genera of Lichen and, Fucus, which we confidered as tribes fo little known in general, that we thought we might be excufed if we noticed all excepting the moft common. The’ pea culiar feafon of the year of courfe prevented. our —[ with either Mufti, Fungermanniee, or Fungi. — Pe | We have mentioned many habitats that were befóré — by authors, but have been induced to do fo from a defire to fhew that the plants ftill exiftin the fame places; and we now fubmit the fruits of our refearches to the Linnean Society, flattering ourfelves with the hope that they may hereafter prove ufeful to fome Bo- ‘tanit, whom chance or inclination may lead to the fpots which we viited PER 2 cce p M ie f e feel of The kind cmm we sacle T iid ales stats of Natural Hifory in the places. through which we paffed, particu= - larly to Richard Bryer, Efq. of Weymouth, to the Rev, J.T. Thom- | fon, and William Penneck, Efg. of Penzance, to Thomas Webb Dyer, and William Clayfield, Efqrs. of Briftol, and to Dr. Wil- liams ‘of Oxford; to all of whom we are happy to own ourfelves : indebted, as well for repeated inftances of civility, as for the trouble they took in VOR Se out to us the plants growing round, -their feveral towns. eu : | n. Serapias latifolia—St. Vincent’s Rock, near Briftol. ; cd Ps rubra—W alls of Glaftonbury-Abbcy, and Oxford. Somes 3 times with a white flower. E dris Jætidifi ima—Hedges about roosi uid — Cu RR Eriophorum vaginatum— Matfh. near Penzance. | To POP E oc digitaia—St. Vincent's Rock. eee 3 m rr See eode H h 2 5 SA Rubia 236 (20 c Rare Plants obferved in a-Tour- Rubia. peregrina — Hedges. near r Exeter Plymouth, Sidmouth, Dane. fter, &c. &c. Anchufa Jompervirens—neat Lifkeard. and Barnftaple. Symphytum patens—Meadows between Lyme-Regis and. Sidmouth. Campanula bederacea—near Falmouth, Penzance, Camelford, &c. hybrida—Cornfields near the fite of Old.Sarum. .. ! Karbala Lychnitis—near Taunton.. - Viola laétea—Heaths between Lifkeard and Leftwithiel, - AMllecebrum verticillatun—Boggy ground near Penzance. | Herniaria glabra—Hedges at the Lizard Point. — — — Beta maritima—Cliffs at- Weymouth, Falmouth, Gc. Daucus maritimus, With.—Rocks about Caflle-Treryn. morot Crithmum maritimum—common in Cornwall, — Heracleum Sphondylium £— edges near BEN, orthy, Deante Ligufticum cornubienfe—near Bodmin, oore ` Qenanthe crocata—plentiful i in Cornwall. de metes UU RN Pimpinela dioica—St.- Vincents Rock. -> ^ — Tamarix gallia —St. Michael's Mount. * Linum ufitatifimum—Cliffs at Falmouth, |. Scilla autumnalis—Clifton near Briftol. —-- verna—Pattures near the Lizard-Point-and. Land’ s-End, | Afparagus ofuinals- —near the F ‘erry. and peas ks Portland. | Jand: ^ : en bis Vaccinium: Myrtillus —Hedges about hine: : Erica vagans—abundant on the. Downs. betwen Halfton. and ries | Lizard. | T. E Chryfo jfBlenium oppefitifolium—common. in Cornwall. - Dianthus cefius—Chedder Rocks— plentiful, but. moliy.. in inaccefs. -fible places. Silene amana, Hudf. —Sea-coaft: at ‘Weymonth, and in Cail trou the We fern Counties of England, T 237 Sedum fexangulare—Ruins of Old Sani, > OE anglicum—common near the Sea i in Cornwall ie Devonthire, 3 dafyphyllum—NWW alls near Briftol,. : ; —— rupefire—Chedder and St. Vincent's Rocks: De. Euphorbia. Paralias 1 —Portland-Ifland ; we found the latter only. —-- Medal near the remains of Bow-and-Arrow Cattle. . Crategus Aria—Chedder and St. Vincent's Rocks... | Aquilegia vulgaris—Hedges near Redruth. Galeobdolon luteum—W ood between Bridport and Lyme-Regis. Leonurus Cardiaca—Watte ground near Briftol:. Méelittis grandiflora, Engl. Bot.—near Athburton and Lifkeard. Bartfia vifcofa—Marfhes about Penzance, . Siete A IN Maro ncs and os P near Leftwie- | COOMBE narret Lepidium Piraun SE Vincent’s Rock. —- didymum—Rubbifh at Penryn. - Thlafpi arvenfe—Cornfields about Aylefbury. Cochlearia danica—Sea coaft at Portland-Ifland, andi in Hot - anglica—Maríhes near Briftol. | : Arabis firitta—St. Vincent's Rock. ` Turritis birfuta—Ruins of Old iur: Braffica oleracea—King’s-Cove-near Marazion. . Geranium fanguineum—near the Lizard-Point, and Briftol. . ee ets cries near . Lan Taunton, Wells and. Bühl ! | mum bout- the Lizard-Point «iid St . Michael's — lucidum—near Wells, Ss eee, me © = rotundi i near. Plymouth a and Briol : = | 2. 0 : 238 ' Rare Plants obferved in a Tour Fumaria capreolata "A clavieuluta Lathyrus Apbaca }) | > iati -Cliffs near Sidmouth. Fija oop TEMI at Ilfracombe. lutea *—Glaftonbury Tor Hill. m ippocrepis comofa—near Dorchefter and Briftol. Trifolium maritimum Lotus diffufus J-Mates below Cooke's Folly near Britto — Hypericum Androfemum—Hedges near Saltath. — Tragopogon porrifolium— Marthes below Cooke's Folly near Briftol, E Carduus eriophorus—Hedges 1 near Wells . _ > Senecio fqualidus—W alls near the Botanic, Garden, "RR Lycopodium Selago—a moift hill between Sidmouth and Exeter. . Ofmunda regaéis—common in Cornwall. ee seien Ceieracb— W alls about Wells and Briftol. | - marinum—Rocks at the Lizard, Caftle Treryn, &c.. Ewa and Hedges round Dunfter, 4 Polypodium fragile—St. Vincent's Rock. Fontinalis minor—Rivulet near Chedder Cliffs. Bryum crifpum—common on trees in Cornwall, Hypnum crifpum—Wood near Wells—in frui it on St. Vincent's Rock, Lichen Folithus—Stones at Maiden Caftle near Dorchefter. - calcareus— Limeftone Rocks, Cornwall. — pilularis—Stone-Henge. * S —+- geographicus—Rocks at Tintagel, and the Valley of Stones. | near Linton, Devonífhire. —— rupicola—Rocks x near the Lizard. * We gathered this i in great $n, but faw no appearance of 7. hybrida. Ta Engl Bet. 482. : Lichen E OM Lp Sw iw * ix j Hrengh zs afert C Qe "d Diglnd. COME | 239 LI Bichen coccineus *-— Stone-Henge. E — — - crenularius—Rocks, near the Lizard. - ins rm compe. ——- tartareus—Rocks near Redruth and the lanes End. ——- byfinus—Wall at Briftol. pé ——- obfturus— Rocks. about Penzance, the Lizard, &o—Stonce Henge ` | "imi | - T Cheer EC ——- cartilagineus—St. Vincent's and Chedder Rocks. ——- muralis—{mall ftones on Salifbury Plain. —-—- centrifugus—Rocks near Redruth. ———- omphalodes—near Penzance, Redruth; &c.. ——- piene Pica Siona near Cattle Karn Bre. — " j;. ST We è , - exilis—Rocks at St. Cleere' s near at Lilkeard. ———- articu/atus—Trees.near Lifkeard. —-—- vulpinus—Rocks and Trees about Caftle Treryn, Lifkeard, Böen ——~ plicatus—Trees neat. Bodmin.. + fuciformis—Rocks near King vomer s Caftle at Taeg: - _——- Endocarpon—Chedder and St. Vincent’s Rocks. ——- pulmonaritis—Trees about Camelford, Launceften, = We > did not find it in fruit.. ——- fcopulorum—Rocks at the Land's End: ——- glomuliferus—Trees near Launcefton. . ——- veru abundantly i in fruit on rocks r near Penzance,'and in - 3. From a careful examination of this Lichen, Phidh I fière’ : in PR: ae +8 E was Meli of its (perio: rizza from the Te Bawatoniné figured i id Engl. Bot—T! — - ~ BET im Rare inn aed in @ Vier TOME ferobieulatis - plumbeus ——- miniatus—Chedder, St. imed? s and Tintagel Rocks. inns Jaecatus—Chedder and St. Vincent's Rocks. | = perlatus—We found this in fruit only in a wood between Gamelford and Bodmin, and.on a ftone-fence near Ilfracombe. —— Juliginofus—plentiful PROS. trees and "nili about Launceften, Bodmin, &c. ` -——- Tremella—Rocks in Devonthire. i - Fucus tamarifcifolius—Falmouth and St. Michael's Rock. = Jibrofis—Falmouth and Elfracombe, - feniculaceus— Weymouth, Lyme-Regis and Falmou th. kaliformus—abundant on the Weftern Coaft. —— eftulenius—King's Cove (Cornwall ) and 3t. Michael’s Mount: —— fanguineus— Portland Ifland. | INFINE um siame NE mouths 500€ P is oe roce eee, eee —— bypogloffum— Mount. Edgerdnbe. | 3 Joreus—Falmouth and Mount's Bay. (o—— bulbofus—St. Michael's Mount, — —— PAARE —— pygmaeus jubatus— King’ s Cove and Ufracombe. z pinnatifidus var. ofmunda—Weymouth, De ——— tomentofus —— tüberculatus. aculeatui—Portland. Ifland and Kynanre Cove near the Lic : „zard. 3 - /«o——— ovalis—Portland lfland, F almouth and Mount's Bay. —— pinaftroides—Weymouth and Por land Ifland. —— fubfufcus—Portland Iland, We faw only one fpecimen. ` NOS. i | Fucus } —Trees near Bodmin xd Lifkeard. Jemen | on the Weftern Coaft. }— —King S Cove and Mount's Bay š T z > = , af trogh the Wapen Count of Egon, 2 241 [ LL corneus—King’ s Cove. | | — cartilagineus uec es v des n : jme } Weymouth. ee o Ulva purpurafcens | —-- rubens i Conferva gelatinofa—near Launcefton. > 2 gei licheniformis—Stones on Glaftonbury Tor Hill, nitida—in a Wood between Camelford and Bodmin. } Mount Edgecumbe and Falmouth. $ Lycoperdon equinum—near Maiden Caftle near Dorchefter, on a ram’s horn, ( 242 ) XXV. 4 new Arrangement of tbe T Nareiff us. By A H. Hae worth, Efq- F. L.S. | T : Read Oftober 1, e. ^ SHE genus Nara is at once beautiful, atie and (as a: vernal one,) interefting ;. but. although it has been univer- - fally cultivated for more than a century, both in this country and on the Continent, it is ftill comparatively but little underftood ; . and yet the fpecies are neither numerous nor deficient in Chl. teriftic diftinctions. : 7 | | I truft, therefore, the TETE account of i its Component (petis, ; fo far only as I grow them myfelf, will not be unacceptable to the Linnean Society. It has nothing to recommend it, but the novelty and fimplicity of its divifions, and. characters eftablithed by a ten — years cultivation. I poffeís feveral Narciffi which I have not inferted in this arrange- ment, not having had them long enough to difcover oo fufficiently permanent. Nearly all the Narcifi have bulbous roots of the tunicated kind, which are faid to grow fpontaneoufly in the fouthern parts of _ Europe, but more efpecially in Spain. In England we have four. For brevity's fake I fhall- give but one fynonym to each defcribed fpecies, and that fhall be the beft: thofe komen are new fhall be marked with an afterifk, SYN OPSIS. Mr. HAWORTR's new Arrangement of the Genus Narcifus. 243 SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM.. NARCISSUS, - ; * Petalis ne&arium equantibus . + Foliis filiformibus, tenuifolius. t. N. neétario lobulato. Park. Par. 107. f. 7. : I firft met with this fpecies and the next in the Botanic Garden of J. Symmons, Efq. Paddington. CAE * inflatus. . 2. N. nectario apice fubcontra&o integro, ftylo p i S 7. exferto. : Bulbocodium. 3N. neétario turgido. integ rimo, ftylo inclufo. : ++ Foliis planis, minor. 4 N. nectario apice patulo. Curt. Bot. Mag. 6. Alby i555 Cage N. neétario re&to apice fublobato. d met with this in the Botanic Garden, " Brompton, about three years fince. | Pfeudo-narciffus. 6. N. nectario apice crifpo crenulato. Engl, . : Bot. 17. a moft excellent figure. . _* Sibthorpii, - 7. N. ne&ario ore palo tubo corollæ abbre- | ,Viato. E m dE -I was eee I think by the late EET TOUS "Mr. Curtis, from whom I had this plant, ; that the late Dr. Sibthorp found it wild is: Oxfordthire feveral years fince; and it is pro-- — bably the N, Pfeudo- narciffus of the Fi. Ox. ri i2 . -— 7 bicolor. 244 Mr.HaAwortn’s new Arrangement of the Genus Naretffus. bicolor. major, incomparabilis. : * elatior. Odor zu s. . orientalis. triandrus. . poeticus, 8. N. nectario luteo, petalis albefcentibus. N. bicolor Linn. Sp. PI. 415. exclufo fynonimo Bauh. Pin. 52, et forte Rud, elyf. 2. p. 71. f. 9. que non vidi.. | .9. N. ne&ario ampliffimo apice patentiffimo i in- cifo undulato. Curt. Bot. Mag. gt. "V Petalis nectario dupló majoribus. ‘4: ‘Floribus nutantibus. \ Io. N. uniflorus, neétario „plicato. Curt. Bot.. Mag. 121. TE N: fubquadriflorus, SES 6-lobulato. . N. fubtriflorus, nectario apice crifpo. Curt. Bot. Mag. 78. | 13. N. fubbiflorus, neCtario incifo, Ait. Kew. 1, - 409. This fpecies Rc probably arrange Gere ter in the es {edtion, ++ Floribus cernuis. I4. N: ftylo- faminibufque inclufis. Curt. Bot. Mag. 48. en (03€. Petalis neélario rip majoribus. E Paucifori. = à ; 15. N, uniflorus; ne&ario rotato membranaceo: crenato, petalis foliifque ampliffimis. Engh. Bot, 275, excellent. | anguffi-- Mr. Hawonra’ s new. Arrangement of the Genus Narci ius. 245 angel fis. 16, N. uniflorus, neétario bivio crenulato, ; tpe petalis folifque gracilibus. - Curt. Bot. Mag. 193, excellent. | A very diftin& fpecies. biflorus. '. 17. N. {capo ante florefcentiam geniculato, Curt, | | Bot. Mag. 197, excellent. tenuior, 18, N. fabbiflorus, foliis lineari- fubulatis, Curt. Bot. Mag. 379. I have known this plant feveral years. in the Brompton Botanic Garden, when it was cultivated under the name of uniflorus. I firít propofed the name tenuior to^Mr. o Eurus Nu DS at ihe fete time that. UG NIE ONEEN N. biflorus. was cfictually: fbioved l by that | term. ti Multiflori.. Tazia ^ 19.N. ne&tario apice conitraéto integerrimo. 7 Park, Par. 81. 3. | : erenulatus.. 20. N. nectario apice patente crenulato.. Park: Par. 81. 5. E - * fereticaulis. 21. N. nectario apice patente, lobulato. % comprefus. |. 22. N. nectario expanfo crenato, foliis latis an-. — oss , guftifque, caule valde comprefío, angulis. BE — — — obtufiflimis. " Fonquila. |. 2 25 N. foliis ferairenetipuse Curt. Bot.. ts Ma A | XXVI. Some. ( 246 ) J XXVI. Some Obfervations ‘upon Infecis that prey upon Timber, with a ~ Jort Hiftry of the Cerambyx violaceus of Linnaeus. By the Rev. William Kirk, F. L.S. Read ue edd 5th, 1799. | Kor part of the economy of this terreftrial globe i is more worthy of admiration, or furnifhes a wider field for i inquiry, than the methods by which all that vaft variety of fubftances, animal and vegetable, which are produced from the earth, are kept within their proper bounds, and, when life is departed from them, are re- duced to duft; fo that a due harmony of parts is preferved, the relative. proportion of individuals accurately adjufted to the wants and general good of the fyftem5 and thofe fubftances which have . à tendency to deform or injure it, are in due time removed out of the way, and made to contribute under another form to its. fupport. - Not to mention man, and the various fpecies of AER birds, fifhes, reptiles and worms, which prey on animal and vege- table life; infeéts, although very diminutive, are very powerful inftruments, i in the hands of the great Difpofer of events, to pro- mote, fometimes indeed by partial evil, the good of the whole. - To them it is given in charge not only to prey on living fubftances, but alfo to haften the diffolution and decompofition of thofe that are dying or dead. Of thefe none feem to have a more arduous tafk affiened them, than toh whofe .office it is to bring on, or 9 accelerate Rev. Mr. Krrsy’s Obfirvations 1 upon Infettsi dbi prey upon Ti 7i mber. 247 PU um the decay of the giant inhabitants of the foreft. Nu- merous fpecies of infe&s, and in various ways, labour in this depart- ment (2). Some attack living trees, others thofe that are dead, Some depofit their eggs in them, that, when hatched, their larva may feed upon the wood; while others feck only a place well fheltered from wet, cold, birds or other infects, for the habitation of of their young. Again, fome prey. upon the foundeft timber ; while others make no attempt upon it till it begins to decay :—but all’ contribute, in one way or other, to the fame end; one taking up the office, where another refigns it; till that vinh from its bulk and folidity appeared calculated to laft as long as the earth that gave it birth, by -the fucceffive efforts of various kinds of infeéts, is S E iie 4n Do very nS time, to its 5 original c galt, "n powerful pes or defpife. | Jue. To particularize fome of the fpecies employed in this work, and. to point out what trees they attack either for food, or to fecure a fheltered fituation for their offspring, may not be unentertaining, - or altogether ufelefs. I fhall therefore mention a few of the indi- ` _+viduals of each of the Linnzan claffes, omitting Hemiptera and Neu- roptera, of which I recollect no fpecies that feed or nidificate in wood; referving the Coleoptera, which clafs fends forth the J moft numerous bands of thefe minute pioneers of nature, to the laft; and concluding the whole with a fhort hiftory of the praaiyu. violaceus of Linnzus. Among the "Lepidopterous infc&ts, the larva of the Phalena Bombyx (a) Infe&s are not the only labourers employed in this field; the fame m moted by the Æge and Fungi. Witnefs the numerous tribe of Lichens, Fremelle,, Agarici, Boleti, Auricularie, Spharie, &c. which derive their nourifhment from decay- ing wood, and aflift in its decompofiti tion.. | Coffus E + ore , 248 Rev. Mr. KiRBY's Olfervations upon Infects that prey upon Timber, Coffus is known to attain its great fize by feeding upon the willow, and other kinds of wood when in a decaying ftate. The fame tree - affords nourithment, as we learn from Mr. Lewin (a/, to the Sphinx crabroniformis; as does the poplar to the Sphinx apiformis (b); and vefpiforms. The infeéts of the Hymenoptera clafs bring on the decay of ligneous fubftances i in various ways. The nefts and cells of many of the genuine Ve/pe are made of a kind of paper formed of the filaments of wood. I have often been highly amufed by feeing the common wafp, which, though a mifchievous, is at the fame time a very ingenious animal, employed in fcraping gate-pofts : with her ftrong maxille, to colleét materials for this purpofe; a fight which Reaumur informs us it was long before he could enjoy (c). The Hornet frequently perforates hollow trunks, to build her paper metropolis in a fheltered fituation (7). The Leaf-cutter bees, of which there are feveral fpecies all confounded under the common name of A. centuncularis, in order to place their centunculi (e) of curious conftru&ion, in perfe&t fecurity, make their way into the body of various trees. One fpecies fele&s the willow for this pur- pofe (f), another the oak(g), or the- elm indifferently. prs (a) Linn. Tranf. Vol. iii. p. 2. / ' (5) Ibid, p. 1. (c) Reaum. Tom. vi. Mem. vi. p. 180, 181... (d) ibid. Mem. vii. p. 217. Iam informed by my friend Sir Thomas Cullum, whofe | fpirit and accuracy of obfervation throw light upon every branch of Natural Hiftory, that in the year 1785, in Mr. Porte's gardens at Ham near Dovedale,the hornets deftroyed a great number of the young oaks by making their way into their heart, and there building their nefts, : (*) Ibid. Mem. iv. Tab. 9. E 8—181:. Tab. 10. Reaumur's fpecies makes its neft under ground ; but Geoffroy's (Hif. ab. des Inf. Tom. ii. p. 410. n. 5.) and our. or ones make theirs in the trunke of trees. (f) Rai Hifl. Inf. p. 245. Sir E. King, in Philof. Tranf. abridged by Lowthorp, ; Vol. ii. p.773. Willoughby in Do. p. 373, 774. Dr- Martin Lifter in Do. 774. (qp) Apis centuncularis, Donovan Brit, Inf. Vol. iv. Tab. 120. a EA Mei so * j^ with 4 z foort Hiflory of the Cerambys violaceus of . Linnaeus. 249 maxillo, A (a ). nidificates in pofts and rails. - Apis violacea, as We learn from Reaumur( 6), conftru&s curious cells for its young, of feveral ftories, in the fupports of efpalier trees. Apis furcata (c) makes fimilar cells in decaying wood. Many other infeéts of this clafs, particularly Spheges, and illegitimate Ve/pe, emerge from cylin- drical holes in trees and poíls, in which they were pile in their larva ftate. | Of Dipterou; infeCts, the, Tipula peétinicornis, fingular for the branching antennz of the male, and many other fpecies of that genus, in their larva ftate, inhabit putrefcent wood (d): and a nu- merous army of the Onifcus Afellus, to name no other infect in the Aptera clafs, is generally to be met with in thofe parts of decaying trees ute A which E deferted uL other nitasi upon paee. sing gone over ee ctbor edis it remains dat we mention the devourers of wood amongít the Coleoptera. Foremoft in the ranks comes the gigantic Lucanus Cervus, whofe larva feeds upon the decaying wood of the oak (e) and the elm. In the latter is alfo found. the Lucanus inermis (f). The ath affords nourifhment both to Lucanus parallelipipedus and L. cylindricus. (Scarabeus cylin- dricus of Linn. but furely a true Lucanus.) The feveral fpecies of the genus {ps ( Bulvictis Fab.) feed upon timber between the bark (a) Marfham in Lian. Tranf. Vol. iii. p. 27, 28. (4) Reaumur, Tom. vi. Mem. ii. Tab. 5. (0 Furcata. E cinereo pubefcens; atra; antennarum articulo primo, fronte, labio- que flavis : abdomine apice furcato ; tarfis ferrugineis. Panzer. Fn. Inf. Germ. Init. No. Wi. ‘Dab. 8. OM. Panzer's infect is dié male of this fpecies. (d) Habitat in carie arborum folitaria larva, pupaque. Schrank. Enum, * Ab r. p. 423. n. 853. Ihave found the pupa in the fame fituation. (e) In Europz ligno quercino putrido. Lina. Sf Nat. — af ; (7) Inermis. 2 L. fcutellatus, convexus, brunneus, maxillis brevibus diente laterali - elevaro. Marfham M. S. SGV OL. WV.” CUT ees gies and - id 250 Rev. Mr. KIRBY'; Obferoations upon Infecis that prey upon Timber, and the wood, upon the furface of which they ufually trace in feeding, what Linnzus calls pinnated labyrinths, in which a num- ber of lateral lines, nearly parallel with each other, form right angles. on each fide, with a central one; and thus the bark is finally fepa- rated from the wood. Mott trees, I imagine, have a particular fpecies of this genus affigned to them. Thus /ps piniperdus attacks the fir. Ips Scolytus, the elm. — Js niger (a), L grifeus (b), L ruff- cens {c ), and, I believe, T. nebulofus (d ), undertake the barking of the ath. zs fufcus (e), and probably more fpecies, feed upon the oak. Even fhrubs do not efcape, for whin or furze (Ulex europecus ) is preyed upon by the minute 75; rbododa&tylus (f), which I have fre- quently taken coming out of the larger fticks of a dead whin-fence in my own garden. Next to thefe come the Pr; feveral fpecies of which are found in wood. I- meet with Prinus tefellatus in the willow, and I believe it will attack deal or any foft wood. It is one of thofe infe&s that is called the death-watch, from a certain : found which it makes at regular intervals refembling the clicking of a watch, which, the vulgar fuperftitioufly imagine, forebodes the death’ of fome perfon” in the houfe-in which it is heard. The Pinus EN be and Pt. cylindricus (gz), feed in the fame tree. tal Niger. 24. I. fubcylindrichs, niger, thorace pundtulato, elytris crenato-ftriatis, plan- tis piceis. Marfham M.S. | (6) Grifeus. 9. T. ferrugineis, c capite nigro, TT ferrugineo teftaceoque ` varius. Ibid. fe ) Rufefcens. 10. l. fubtüs luteus, fupra rufus, elytris luteo nebulofis. Ibid. (d) Nebul; bfus. 8. Y.fubvillofus, corpore nigro ciméreoque vario. Ibid. Bo/richus Frain ater fufco cinereoque varius, elytris punctato ftriatis, antennis teftaceis clava cinerea acuth. Panz. Fn. Inf. Gerin. Init. n. 66. tab. 13. (e) Fufcus. 5. Y. fufcus, antennis pedibufque teflaceis; elytris retufis confe punc- tulatiss Marfham M. S. 4 > (f) Rbodedactylus. 22. I. niger, villofus totus, plantis rufis. Ibid. (g) Cylindricus. 6. Pt. fubcylindricus fufco ferrugineus; thorace gibbo lzviufculo ; an- tennis pedibufque rufefcentibus, Ibid. 7 | ! But ` i " <= atis. Ibid. : k ^ with 4 ihi: Hi; fis of tbe app Wsioceli s Limæus. | gast But of all the fpecies of this genus, P/izus pertinax is the xat mif- . chievous ; any kind of wood. that begins to have a tendency to de- . - Cay, it attacks without mercy. I fpeak this from experience, having a chamber in my houfe, the floor of which is quite filled and per- forated in every dire&ion by this defiruátive little infe& ; and my - walnut-tree chairs it has nearly reduced to the fame TE .that Linnzus obferves it had done his (a). | . Amongft the Curculiones, the late i ingenious Mr. Curtis has in- - formed us, that C. Lapatbi feeds upon the willow (b). C. lignarius (c) preys upon the trunk of putrid elms; and C. atramentarius (2) I. have found in all its ftates in old rails under bark. There is one infect, which although not as yet difcovered in England, ought not : to obe e peg over, as its aor furnifhes a üriking proof how iis GREE cue : the infe& I allude to is He Cantharis Sem of Tini nzus. Our prefident, the liberal poffeffor of the Linnæan treafures, informs me, from the Jer Weftrogothicum, that the oak timber in the royal. dock-yards in Sweden being obferved to have fuffered con- - ` fiderable injury from fome unknown animal, Linnzus was defired by His Swedifh Majefty to trace out the caufe, and point out fome remedy which might prevent the further progrefs of fo alarming an evil. Upon inquiry he difcovered that the mifchief was occa- fioned by this Cantharis, and he recommended that the timber : honid be immerfed in water er the ufual time of this infe&'s (a) Taie et t defiruxit fedilia mea. Linn. 8yff. Nat. (P) Linn. Tranf. Vol. I. p. 86. | * (c) Lignarius. 113. C. nigro-piceus tot, en cales thorace memes dd ‘abbreviatis. Marfham M.S. gate zs (d) Atramentarius. 165. c. ater e dm thorace Mae es inidentatoy. tris ftri- K k 2 Ta "appearance. 2 53 Rev. Mr. Kirpy’s Obfervations upon Infects that prey upon Timber, appearance. This advice was purfued, and the dock-yard timber received no further injury. ! We have fo few fpecies of the genus Buprefis in England, and ‘thofe that we have are fo feldom met with, that it is no wonder if the habitation of their larva is not commonly known ; both De Geer (a), and Geoffroy (4), however, are of opinion that they are in- habitants of wood. But the timber-merchant and the builder have no greater énemies than the genuine Cerambyces, under which genus I . would, with De Geer (c), include thofe only which have reniform or lunar eyes, excluding C. Curfor, Lamed, meridianus, Inquifitory &c. and taking in Leptura Alni, arcuata, arietis, myftica, preeufla, &c. of Linn. 'Thefe infects, as far at leaft ae we are acquainted. with them, not only devour the furface of the wood that lies under the bark, but penetrate deep and in all directions into the folid timber. What havock muft the larva of fo large an infeét as Cerambyx coriarius make in an oak tree(d)! I have taken the pupa of Cerambyx ar- — euatus out of the heart of a folid piece of the fame timber, which ^ - had been perforated by that infect in all dire@tions. Once in the height of fummer, when the mid-day. fun fhone out warm, I was very much entertained with feeing feveral of thefe fine infects fly down upon a pollard oak that had been felled and the bark left npon it, and run all over it with great velocity, omes it is probables & place proper for depofiting their | eggs. . Amongft the Cerambyces of this country, 1 ii ingentous Mr. s van, in his elegant ie upon M Infe&s (e), has figured C. vios = (a) De Geer, Toa Wee 131. (4) Gezfr. Tom. i. Cucujus. m r. P* 125. n. 2. p. 126. . (c). De Geer, Tom. v.. p. 55, 56. (4) Habitat in betulis putridis. Linn. Syf. Nat. But I have known: it cut out Gas oak. (e) Donsv. Brit. Inf. Vol, ii. p. 73 Tab. 61. fig. r. : 8 laceus, with a fort Hifery of the Cerambyx violaceus of Linnaeus, 4 53 laceus, and informs us that it probably feeds upon the fir, but at the fame time expreffes a trong fufpicion that this beautiful infe&t is not originally Englifh. How far this may be true, it is not my intention to inquire; 1 (hall only obferve, that it is now become but too common, at leaft in one fpot, in the neighbourhood of London, as will appear from thofe circumftances of its hiftory which I am going to relate. My friend and relation Mr. James Trimmer of Old Brentford OT an attentive obferver of nature, more particularly of the economy and habits of infects, and to whom I am indebted for much . three curious and interefting information in this branch of fcience, fome time ago wrote to inform me, that he had found this infect in its {tates in fir-timber, and accompanied this intelligence with in my anfwer I requefted him to bring with him fome of its Jarve and pupe, and alfo fome pieces of the wood upon which they had been feeding; at the fame time I defired him to continue obferving their motions. What follows relative to the hiftory of this Cerambyx is — chiefly compiled from his communications, which I thought too interefting to be loft. © . dens : d The fir in which Mr. Trimmer firft found this infe&t was of € sAN EAX DCC Englifh growth, of the fpruce kind, which had not been felled H many years, and had originally grown near the {pot on which’ the building was erected in which it was employed: it did not appear to have been attacked more than two years when Mr. Trimmer made his obfervations ; and it fuffered moft in 1798, when the /arve had multiplied fo much, and been fo extremely voracious as to have left very little food for another year. Some Scotch fir in an (2) Son of Mrs. Trimmer, fo- juftly celebrated for her humane and fuccefsful exer- tions to procure the great blefling of & religious education for the children of the poor. ^ adjacent 2 pe "ev: Mr. Kigav's Obfrvations upon Infects ibat prey upon Timber, adjacerit building had alfo been attacked by;them, Nor docs this infest fo entirely confine itfelf to fir, as never to attack any other kind of wood; for, when the imago firft came forth in confiderable -7 quantities, Mr. Trimmer took feveral and placed. them upon, fome - pieces of fir which were under cover : but, what feems remarkable, the infeéts quitted thefe, and went and depofited their eggs in fome: pieces of apple, pear, cherry and plum, which. had been fele&ted. for : tU ning, and were piled up in the open air. Paes: worthy of obfervation, that this. deftructive little animal. : eps only fuch timber as has not been ftripped of its bark ; a cir- cumftance. which ought to be. known and attended to by all per- : fons who have any concern’ with this rticle; for the bark is a. temptation, not only to the infe&t in queftion, but alfo to a nu- merous tribe both of this and other genera; and a great deal of the injury which. is. done to. timber would be prevented, af other trees befides the oak. were. barked as fo oon as they are felled, - ~The principal, danger, however, arifes from neglecting this precaution. with refpeét to fuch timber as 1s yfed i in buildings, efpecially in thofe places that are acceffible to -o for i in this cafe it will not laft out half its times _ cp But. th proceed | with our Miley, t the TOW. of this TEE is "m nifhed. with | a Rog an ee e,tube, Or, rather aculeus (a), which fhe | (for M Mr. Trimmer was never fo, foi rtunate as o fee 1 be and. the wood to the ate of about a, quarter « 6 an inch, "nd there fhe depofits her egg, . fince not, more than « one appears to be laid in one place. By firipping | off the bark it is. eafy. to trace the whole progrefs of the Jarva, from the fpot where it was newly hatched, to that where it has- attained its full fize (P). At firft it proceeds onwards, pu a) Tab. TEBER d () Fig. 13: aee 892 000912 oe eodd aan. M but d - ry t the Greamiys o ones of Linnaeus, 25 5 T. ina EU pede direttidn; filling the {pace which it leaves. behind it with its excrement, refembling faw-duft, and fo topping all i in- grefs to enemies from. without; but when it has arrived at its ut- moft dimenfions, it does not confine. itfelf to one direction, but works in a kind of labyrinth, eating backwards and forwards, Which gives the wood under the bark a very irregular furface (a); by this mean its paths are of confiderable width, Its attacks are ` not confined to the folid : timber, but. in its progrefs it.eats away an equal portion of the bark. "The bed of thofe paths where it has been at work, exhibits, when clofely examined; a curious appearance, occafioned -by the erofions of its maxilla, which excavate an infi- nity of little ramified channels. When the infe& is about to anid = ES down obl ligue à into the folid wood to the x Thefe hales (2) are. spem feinicylindrical, iur: aps pcd the form of the grub. One would wonder how fo fmall and feemingly fo, weak an animal could have firength to excavate fo deep a mine: but, when, w we: fee its maxilla, our yodi ceafes; thefe are large, thick, and. folid fe&ions. of a cone divided lopgitüdinally (6), which an the act of maftication: apply to each. other the whole of their interior plane furface, fo: that they grind. the food of the infe& like a pair of millftones. Early, in March all the /arve, except fome - fickly ones, were! obferved to have entered the wood in this manner ; _fome began fo foon, as O&ober. . At the place i in the bark eicit. to thi hole. the mago gnaws its way. out of its prifon when it makes : pearance, which took place firt on the 20th of May, and continued till about the 2oth of June; it returns by the {ame paf- fage which the larva had excavated, previous to affuming the pupa e THE. 12. fig. Mes ©) Fig. 14 ada. Eo Fig. ~ bb. Big. 7. b. = Mr. b 256 Rev. Mr. Kinnv's Obfervations upon Infecis that prey upon Timber, Mr. Trimmer thinks that thefe infe&s fly only during the night, as in the day-time he always found them ftanding upon the piece of wood from which they had been difclofed.. The cafe is different - with Cerambyx arcuatus, which, a$ I obferved before, flies at mid- day: but perhaps this circumftance may depend much upon the ftate of the atmofphere, or the hour of the day ; for many infects have their certain hours for flying; a fingular inftance of which I had once an opportunity of witneffing. In the beginning of July 1793, about: ten o'clock in the morning, as I was pafling through a meadow, I was furprifed with the appearance of what: at firft feemed to me to be myriads of bees flying about the hedges -~ and trees; but, upon taking fome of them, the ey proved to be Scara- beus argenteus (Melolontba argentea Fab.) ; upon my return through the fame field, a little after noon, I was aftonifhed to find that of this infinite hoft of infects not a # fingls one was te be feen. E have Kow T all më blen kion which Mr. Time . mer made with refpeét to the hiftory of this infeét ; thefe I hope will not be thought unworthy of the attention of the Linnean So- ciety, fince they furnifh an ufeful leffon in GEconomics, and fupply an additional proof of the utility of the ftudy of Natural js and to what good purpofes it may be directed. — — = Mr. Trimmer, when he came to Barham, brought with him ie | Yimens of this infect in all its ftates, as alfo fome pieces of the wood that had been attacked by it, from which I employed my ingenious friend the Rev. Peter, Lathbury, F. L. S. to make the drawings which aécompany this paper. Nothing now remains but to clofe ` this account with a defcription of each ftate of the infect. CERAMBYX £ P 53 Hifry ya the 6Phbys Sita dens Linneus (857 CERAMBYX, HER Phor inermi i fubrotundo, f. ex globofo depre: 4 violaceus, 79. C. thorace mutico fubrotundo pubefcente, corpore violaceo, antennis mediocribus. Linn, Syf. Nat. » EON o 12. f. 635. The 70, Fn, Suec, ed. 2. n. 667. A “Kill. Ent. ‘Eur, tom. 1.. p. 247. n. 71. Schrank. Enum. Inf. Aufir, b. 147. m. 277. Poda Muf. Grec. P 36. Fn. Frid. n. 1 30. 2 C. violaceus nitens ; corpore, thoraceque mutico brotundo, depreflis ; g femoribus, goats an- C. thorace fabpubelcente compare ure antennis Mes brevibus, Lin. Syf. Nat. Ed. Gmel. p. 1848. n. 70. e — RO Callidium . dioit. . Fab, Ent. E Em. tom. Y. oues, pene eu n elyti cole centibus. Gadd. Dif. 28... Stenocorus violaceus. Ses Ann, Hi Je. Nat, y. esie 9T- 595. dn | sicuRa. Frifch. Inl 12. tab, 3. icon, «6; fig d prid crt m ie mh: Ae d I A En Dh » 6 fe: 1 IO. x j Remer. Gen. Infect. - 9. tab, front. fig. Riis 5 a Donovan, Brit. Inf. vol, 2. P 3. dal. OLS Lone. Corp. a lin, 45.ad lin, Tx $ ois Vo ^ 1 Te DESCRIP. | 2i 58 Rev. Mr. Kinny's Obfer vations upon Infects that prey upon Timber, Dzscuir. Larva (4) apoda, pallida, plicata; fabpilala, fupra convexa, fubtus planiufcula, caput versus incraífata, fegmento- rum tredecim. Caput (6) magnum convexum, anten- T. - nulà (c) triarticulata, pilofulà, utrinque. mftructum. _ Qs rufefcens, labio (7) apice rotundato. ciliato fuperné caufum: labio inferiori (e) trifido, lobis lateralibus yy (EF). Corpus piceo-nigrum fubpilofum ; palpo unico(f), intermedio. duobus (g), inftrućtis. - Masille (b) horizontales, fufcæ, femiconicæ, validi fim, per totam Ec etx dm interiorem con- pies. i = | ! o Ja; omnes imaginis patter; nein WM bens. fupra viola- ceum, excav ato-punctatum, punctulis creberrimis con- fluentibus. Caput magis exfertum quam in reliquis genuinis. Cerambycibus noftratibus. - Maxille arcuate ^apiceconniventes. Palpi quatuor capitati, clavd com- prefsa truncata, exterioribus longioribus. Aztenne fub- Íetacez, corpore fubbreviores, atro-violacez pilofulz, articulis ultimis fubtomentofis nigris. Ocu/ lunares bafin antennarum pone amplexantes. Gula, nitida. Thorax ex globofo depreffus, latior quam longus, f. lateribus. mucrone brevi . Elytra linearia bbis.- Sternum violaceum, inftruétum. lio. depreffu E vix marginata, e ; violaceo nitentia ac velut aurata, apiçe rotundata. args zibbis, Ale as nervis, _(2) Tab. 12. ce 4 m 3) Fig. 5,5. (c) Fig. 5, aa; uL 8, b. (à) Fig. 7; 45 and fig. 12. (8) Fig. 9. ` Cf) Fig. ro. h. - (g) Fig. 11, aa 2 (4) Fig. 5, bb; fig. nb; fig. 8, A (i) Fig. 3,3. - (4) Fig. ie margineque m^ epis fore Hiflory of the Cerambyx violaceus of Linnæus — 259 Fre. I. 10, ^ -—— —— "pini of the head much magnifi | Margineque craffiori, nigris. Abdomen fupra . plani- ufculum, fubtüs convexum. Pedes atri, interdum : atro-violacei, femaribus clavatis apophyfi biarticulata infidentibus : — = | 4 | | fpecimen, and rather fhrunk fot want of food. - . —— upper fide of the head pani (a a) Its anten- nula. (bb) Its maxillz. M ind Rer the under fide of the head. - — — a portion of the head icf erae (2) The upper lip. (b) Maxilla. ——a longitudinal oe much magnified, to thew the e “4 T | (a (b) Th under lip. (aa) Its lateral lobes. (b b) Their feeler, s È The intermediate lobe. (dd) Its fecle one of the lateral. es 3 FI. tr, 260 Rev. Mr. Kir BY's Obfirvations upon Infects that prey upon Timber, Fee 1 ~ Larvomthe i intermediate lobe of the ani r lipe E a) Its "M TCfdeme s z pee to woe (a-c) The fer- e path of the i nf iy beige pee AU RB at oe IC flat vagina, into which I fuppofe the aculeus is with drawn when unemployed, and which itfelf is retractile . within the anal fegment. ( Ene aculeus flat and. tet i eS | am tete the. upper lip mach: m mi : S - @ Its fommit es C oz A p tian trans tal 42. fi 260 ber 5; 1799- | Failed ; the large, and fo pendulous, . Anbabits > old. houfes at Puttahaut i in np | ars as] -F as the head, folded, and half AROM it its tet this bat can onis be miftaken for the Cephalotes + | but the defcription of that fpecies-will not apply to this. From. the point of the nofe to the root of the tail 3 inches z from the extremity of one wing to that of the other 12 inches. . "The wings, and naked parts of the body, are foot-coloured. The hair is. mixed with ath-colour, and is paler below than on the backs: hich is blunt, terminates in a heart-fhaped margin, and projects: far sahara Load de. jaw. It is moftly naked; but. n i - The nofrils are mall circular holes, C argin of the fnouts. | The: at the fhoulders, and tapers gradually to; — pper lip at the fidés hangs ove w, and at each eply wrinkled with feven or Ids. The ears j | d From being thick and n the brow, nder part of ; {mall fligs the ears. jaw each, except the frit pair à EM. - The zeck is very fhort, and fo covered with fara as to be fcarcely obfervable. "The /beu/ders are high, and round, with a deep cavity between them. The dody, at the (houlders, i is much wider than at. the haunches. The buttocks are bare. : The /a// is naked, round, and blunt: i A ftrong hooked claw in place of the. metacarpus. Four long finge elaia The membrane of the wings but it is not nearly fo long as the rounds all round the body, and covers f the mem- brane. d. - ge The diigi and defcription - was tak I could | obferve no nipples. sawe The | {mall warts. © t med up at the end. à) - D ve est 1 La 7 t T. 6 . s i a y^ COPS ^ g vA ft e» J 3 - i HITTIN m n = So ho liis - e fertili plea al Dr. Buc ANNAn's Defeription of the Vefpertilio plicatus. 263 The natives of Bengal have only two names for all the {pecies of bats found in their country. The large bats, which neftle on - trees, and live chiefly on fruit, they call Badür: thofe which, like © the one above defcribed, inhabit caverns and old zamagi cid and | live chiefly on — they call Chamchééka. Tan. XIII. reprefents the Ve/pertilio plicatus of its natural fize. | D D. : XXVIII. Dew { 264 ) XXVIIL Defer iptions of five ye Britifh Species of Carex. By "fame: Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. z Read December-3, 1799. ^ F'TER fo copious a harveft of Britifh Carices as that with Which. my learned friend Dr. Goodenough has enriched the fecond and third volumes- of our Tranfactions, no great acqui- fitions of the fame kind are to be expected. - The cleanings only of this ample and well-cultivated field, folately an impenetrable wildernefs, have fallen to my lot; and though but about the tithe of the crop, I have fpared no pains to colle& and methodize them. The value of fuch difcoveries increafes in proportion to what we - have already obtained y and I am very well aware how much I am indebted, for their perfpicuity and certainty, to the clue my prede- ceffor had left me. In labouring at the genus Carex for the Flora Britannica, I Buy, asin every other inftance, examined the. fubje& throughout, without taking any thing for granted; but in no tribe of equal intricacy have I found fo little at prefent to correct. What I am now about to offer is chiefly the defcription of 5 fpecies, in addition to the 47 defcribed by Dr. Goodenough. For the difcovery of thefe I am entirely obliged to the friends whofe names will hereafter appear. . I have ony to anfwer for the fpecific determination of 4 of them. _ Of the preceding 47 fpecies the Carex axillaris only has not come fo completely under my examination as I could have wifíhed, though d 7 Dr. Surrn’s Deferiptions of five new Britifh Species of Carex. 26 5 though I have found no reafon to doubt its being fufficiently dif- ferent from all others. C. fulva appears, notwithftanding Dr. Goodenough's correction, Tranf. of Linn. Soc. v. 3. 77, to be vet diftin&t from flava, having longer vagine (which however are fhorter than the flower-ftalks), oval fpikes, the fruits erect, not recurved, and a rough ftem. Its habit too differs, approaching towards that of C. d/fans; but its glumes ‘being perfectly awnlefs, keep it from being confounded with any variety of the laft-men- tioned. In my arrangement of the fpecies I have taken the liberty of making fome alterations, difpofing them according to their na- _ tural affinities, rather than their technical charaéters. In the ge- - neric character I have adopted an alteration lately fuggefted to me by Dr. Geodenough himfelf, calling the permanent hufk that in- velts the feed ‘an aril us, à name which I cannot he pt inking expreffes its true nature much better than the hypothetical one . Of neĉtarium, the erroneous one of capfula, or even the analogical . denomination of corolla, The generic character will therefore ftand as follows: | ee - T Mafc. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. gluma univalvis, Cor. nulla. Foem. Ament. imbricatum. Cal. gluma univalvis. Cor. nulla. " Stigmata 2 vel 3. Semen arillo ventricofo tectum. | My new fpecies belong to the firft, third, and fourth fe&ions of the genus. —— | : EF. Mor. V. ww Mm * Spicå | 266 Dr. Sarva’ Defiriptions of frvenew Briti Species of Carer i E -** Spicd unicá fimplici, 1, Carex Davalliana. Prickly Jparalecheadee Carex. - c. {pica fimplici dioica, Sou lanceolato-triquetris nervofis pas tenti-deflexis : angulis apice fcabris. Carex dioica. Wilden, Car. Berol. 16, ex defcr. cx 1350. Hall. Hj. v. 2. 182. .Gramen cyperoides, {pica fimplici caffà. Scheuchz. Agr. 497- t, II. s 9, 103 fynonymis omnind erroneis. ICA SE In uliginofis s. Fl. Maio, unie Difcovered in maríhy ground in Mearns-fhire, North Bad el) b Profeffor James Beattie j Jun. of Aberdeen - Radix fibrofa, atoh. Culmi Gmplicifimi, triquetri, fcabriufculi, quandoque {caberrimi, monoftachyi, bafi foliofi, parüm altiores quam in C. dioica vera. Folia Íetacea, triquetra, culmo tripló breviora. Spice dioicz, lineares, erectze, multiflorz, vix unciales, | . .glumis fufcis, carinatis, acutis, margine fcariofis. Stamina capil- laria, exferta, antheris flavis, linearibus. | Fruélus \anceolato- . triquetri, nec gibi, roftrati, undique nervofi, angulis. apice fcabris, ore fcariofo, integro, demüm deflexo-patentes, acuminati, unde fpicz feminiferze fquarrofe fiunt. Specimens of this Carex were fent to me from Switzerland, as well as to Dr. Goodenough, (fee his poftfcript at the end of our 2d volume,) by my much lamented friend the late Mr. Davall, who boa w7 RR difcovered a's Difp of fe new Bri jh Specie of Carex. 267 : J vered it to be different from the Tine dioica, to which the - fynonym of Scheuchzer is referred in the Species Plantarum. Linnzus, d however, has erafed this quotation from his own copy of that wo ork. Mr. Davall has affured me this plant is very common in almoft every. damp fpot about Orbe; whereas he had met with the dioica only in one peat bog. I have no doubt of its béing what Haller intended under his n. 1350; it agrees exactly with his defcription, though he has confounded under it fynonyms of dioica and pulicaris at leaft, of no more fpecies. It appears to be the dioica defcribed by Pro- feffor Wildenow in his recent treatife on the Carices found about Berlin, printed in the Tranfaétions of the Academy of that place. Scheuchzer resents applied to it fynonyms of Ray which be- : long to. C, puli licaris, and bas by thar inben i the caufe of 1 {ubie EPE S have sonfecraved the [petii name to his memory. - No one had fuípected this to be a Britifh plant till I receivéd a Ípecimen this autumn from Profeffor Beattie of Aberdeen, under - the name of dioica, along with a rich affemblage of pun part of the whole genus. C. Davalliana is readily and elientially diftinguifhed id es dica by the fruit being of a triangular-lanceolate, not ovate, form, re- flexed, not erect, and alfo much more ftrongly nerved. No one who has examined both can ever confound them. C. pulicaris is diftinguifhed by being always androgynous, and having fruit alto- ‘gether without nerves, lanceolate, and pointed at each end. Mm2 ** Spicis 4 268 Dr. Smitu’s Defcriptrons of five new Briti/o Species of Cares, à : - à z : ; j pita Spicis Jexu diffinclis : mafculá unicá, rarins gemind : bracteis Jfoliaceis et plerumque vaginantibus. 2. CAREX dinervis. Green-ribbed Carex. s C. vaginis elongatis pedunculo brevioribus, fpicis cylindricis remo- tis fubcompofitis, glumis mucronulatis, fructibus binervibus. Carex diftans. Lightf. 561, ex defer. | In ericetis ficcioribus. | Fl. Junio. ym sees Very common on the drieft moors about Aberdeen. Prof. Beattie. Near Edinburgh. — Az. J^ Mackay Radix fibrofa. Culmus ere&us, firmus, fefquipedalis, bipedalis, vel . tripedalis, obtusé triqueter, levis, apicem versüs hinc fcaber. Folja erecta, latiufcula, acuminata, glaucefcentia, marginibus carinaque afpera. Brattez foliis fimillime, elongate, erectz, longiüs vagi- natz, remote. Spica mafcula utrinque attenuata, fæpè fefqui- uncialis, multiflora, glumis denfiffimé imbricatis, ellipticis, ob- . tufis, fubmucronulatis, nigricantibus, carina acuta, virenti ; foe- minez tres aut quatuor, rarifimeé quinque, fparfz, cylindrice, . erect, inferiores remotiffimz, longius pedunculatz, atque fzepiüs bafi compofite feu ramofze, quandoque omnes fuperné mafculz, Glume fceminearum ovate, nigre, mucronulatz, carina virenti, glabra, mucronulo fcabro. Frucius glumis longiores, ovati, vix -roftrati, glabri, nitidi; intüs apiceque fanguinco-fufci; extüs pallidi,nervis duobus lateralibus viridibus precipué confpicuis. Semen acuté triquetrum, albidum. | | = This - Dr. Smrra’s Deferipsions ef. “five new Britifh Species of Carex. 269 This ees appears to have been cónfounded with C. d//ans ; and from Lightfoot’s defcription of thé green angles of the fruit, I pre- fume it to have been what he tended under that name. It is con- fiderably larger than the real diffans, the {pikes black intermi ted: with ‘green rather than yellowifh, and the female ones often branched or compounded at their bafe. Its moft effential and de- cifive chara&er however confifts in the two ftrong deep-green nerves | or ribs which run along each fide of the fruit externally near the edge. - ‘The arillus is alfo broader and more comprefied than in ye) diflans. í - 3. CAREX tomentofa. EEPE Dos. fruited Carex. ~C. vaginis breviffimis, fpicis foemineis fubfeffifibus cylindraceis ob- - . tufis, glumis ellipticis acutis, fructibus tomentofis. Carex tomentofa. Linn. Mant. 123. Leers. 200: 75; 1T. 7, 7 Wil- den, Car. Berol. € Vio Dr. Pl. 43. | In pratis rariüs. Fl. jun | In meadows near Merfton Meafey, Wiltíhire. - Mr. Teefdale. Radix repens. Cu/mus pedalis, ere&us, nudus, acuté triqueter, an- gulis fuperné fcabris. Folia culmo breviora, erecta, plana, lætè . viridia, utrinque margineque {cabra. Braéfee foliacex, ereCto-pa- — ^ tentes, culmum vix fuperantes, vagina breviffimA, aut feré nullà: Spica maícula lanceolata, obtufiufcula, glumis lanceolatis, ferru- cineo-fufcis, carina virenti, fuperioribus quandoque mucronulatis ; fceminez plerumque duz, parüm remotz, breviflime pedunculatz, cylindracez, obtufz, ee varia, glumis elliptico-ovatis, ; | ES (IK 270 Dr. Suitn’s Deferiptions of jive new Britijb Species of Carex, vix mucronulatis, ferrugineo-fufcis, carinà latè virenti, Fructus | longitudine circitér glumarum, densé imbricati, fubrotundi, parüm comprefli, vix triquetri, virides, tomento denfiflimo, brevi, albido, . demüm aureo, undique veftiti. Semen albidum, obfoleté trique- trum. : Dr. Goodenough has fhown that the C. /omeniofa of Lightfoot and Hudfon is the f//formis of Linnzus. I have now the pleafure of giving the real tomentofa a place in the Flora Britannica, on the authority of wild fpecimens gathered in Wiltfhire laft fummer, by my friend Mr. Teefdale, F.L.S. 'Thofe in Mr. Dickfon's Dried Plants, n. 43, were all fent from Switzerland, It is moft akin to frecox and pilulifera, (both which have the fruit in fome degree pubefcent,) but is a much larger fpecies, and if the {pecific charac- ter be attended to, cannot be confounded with any other. The red vaginz of the radical leaver, asin C. iaiia are very ftriking at firft ight | ME | | = : eR Spicis fexu diflinétis : mafculis pluribus, 4. Carex Micheliana. | | Blunt-fruited Black Carex. C. fpicis erectis cylindricis : foemineis pedunculatis, glumis omnibus obtufis muticis, fructibus obovatis obtufiffimis. z Cyperoides foliis caryophylleis, caule exquifite triangulari, {picis habitioribus, Íquamis curtis obtusé mucronatis, capfulis turbina- tis brevibus confertis. Mich, Ger. 62. 1. 32. f. 12. In aquofis. Fl. Maio? Near Aberdeen. Prof. Beattie, Culmus "A m Dr. Surri's Deferiptions of five new Britifh Species of Carex. "I Culmus erectus, pedalis aut fefquipedalis, triqueter, ftriatus, vix fcaber. Folia erecta, acuminata, marginibus afpera, carina leviufcula, Braétea foliacee, erect», culmum fuperantes, haud vaginate, bafi auriculate, auriculis magnis, rotundatis, connatis, fufcis, apice pallidis. Spice cylindrice, obtufiufcule, ere&z ; maf- cule tres aut quatuor, fubfeffiles, graciles, glumis obtufiflimis, ` muticis, glauco-fufcis, margine tenui, fcariofo, niveo; focmi- . nez duz, longiüs pedunculatz, craffiores, fuperior apice maf- "t - cula, inferior bafi interdum compofita, glumis ellipticis, obtufif- fimis, muticis, fufcis, margine fcariofo, albo, carina flavefcente, obtufà. Stigmata tria. Fruéus glumis multó breviores, obovato- mess MÀ feré eBervess idi virefcentes, apice obtufif- I cannot but confefs fin it was with a eine ee Ide- tected a fpecimen of this Carex among many fuppofed varieties of recurva communicated by Profeffor, Beattie; for I immediately per- ceived its ftriking agreement with that long-doubtful figure of Micheli, tad. 32. f 12, which has been fometimes referred to acuta, fometimes to firiĉta, and hitherto found to agree well with no known fpecies. As I believe no one but Micheli has defcribed or diftinguifhed this plant, I have given it his name. His definition above-quoted will be found precifely to accord with it, and I truft my fpecific character and defcription will prevent its being miftaken in future. It is moft allied to C. recurva, (which fometimes varies with numerous male fpikes,) but the perfectly fmooth fruit, fhorter than the glumes, and rather compreffed, by no means. gibbous, clearly diftinguithes C. Micheliana ; not to mention its greater fi fize, and erect female fpikes, the lowermoft of which is liable to be | branched at. the bafe, as in C. dinervis. 5. Carex PSY 272 Dr. Smiru’s De/criptions of five new Britifb Species of Carex: LA | CAREX /evigata. Smooth-ftalked Beaked Carex. C. {picis ¢ylindricis: foemineis pedunculatis, vaginis longiffimis, glumis acuminatis, fructibus triquetris roftratis bifurcis. Ed In paludibus. Fl. Maio. - i | In a maríh near Glafgow, 1793. Mr. Y. Mackay. Marthes near Aberdeen. Profeffor Beattie. Radix fibrofa. Cus ere&us, 2—4-pedalis, triqueter, levis, in- ferné foliofus. Folia erecta, latiufcula, lætè viridia, lævia, lon- giffimé vaginata; fuperiora margine alpera. Braéfee foliacez, erećtæ, culmum fuperantes, acuminata, acumine afpero, vaginis - longiffimis, pedunculo tamen brevioribus, fupremis quandoque —. breviffimis et feré nullis. Spice cylindracez, elongate, acute, graciles, erecte; mafcule fxpiüs duz, glümis lanceolatis acutis, frequentiüs mucronulatis; foeminez duz vel tres, longiffimé pe- dunculatz, pedunculis capillaribus, Izviufculis, glumis lanceolatis, mucronulatis, ferrugineis, dorfo viridibus, mucrone fcabro. Stig- mata tria. Frucius glumis longiores, lanceolato-triquetri, erecto- patentes, nervofi, haud inflati, virides, glabri, in roftrum attenuati compreffum, apice profunde bifurcum. Semen fructum implens, triquetrum, breve, fufcum, pedicellatum. I cannot refer this to any fpecies already defcribed. For fome time I was in danger of confounding it with C. veficaria in a young ftate, but the repeated admonitions of Mr. Mackay warned me. Having examined it in various ítates, I have no doubt remaining, E Its . Dr, SMira'y Deferiptions of five new Briti Species of Carex. 273 Its long vagine, and the fruit being not inflated but filled with the large feed, diftinguifh it from vefcaria and ampullacea. It agrees in many particulars with /y/vatica and firigofa, but differs in having ` more than, one male iplis as well as much thicker and denfer fe- male ones. - _ I know of no figure of this fpecies; nor of C. dinervis; but as I hope to procure frefh fpecimens for publication in Engli/fh Botany, I de- cline offering any delineation of dried ones. A figure of a Carex, in order to be ufeful, fhould exhibit the frutification in various ftates, and exprefs particularly the form, furface, and nerves of the arillus, and the PPM of the feed. ; N n : XXIX. Ad- i V OL. V. ( 274 ) XXIX. Additional Note to the Remarks on the Nature and Propa- gation of Marine Plants, p. 14 - By Lieutenant Col. Thomas Vel ey, P. L.S. Read December. 3d, 1799. OLONEL VELLEY wifhes to explain a paflage that poffibly may be fubje& to mifconftru&tion in his paper, p. 154 Tec e is there obferved that the central fubítance in Fucus ferratus is never converted into mucilage. His meaning is, that it does not diffolve, as in F. veficulofus, leaving the pericarps enveloped in a - filamentous fubítance. The F. /erratus certainly produces a mu- -cilage in its fummit, as well as in every other part of its frond at certain periods ; and from the indifcriminate fituation of this fluid, an argument may arife againft its peculiar reference to the faculty of impregnation, Meus is confined merely to the fummit of the | plant. XXX. Ad- XXX. Additional Note to the Obfervations on the Briti v. genar of Mentha, j (171. 4 — By ames Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. — Read December 3d, 1799. N cultivating a root of Mr. Soles Mentha pratenfis, fent by mia EA found it turn out exadlly wy, cubra: enda in- I we no tion to paie, its ime maig the oin To this ie cies therefore I would with to refer it inftead of gracilis; fee p. 210 of the prefent volume. | Since the printing of this paper I have met with frefh reafons for believing the Mentha fativa and all its varieties to form one | fpecies with the birfuta 5 ; and in the Flora Britannica, now in the prefs, I have accordingly united them. Non z XXXI. Ex- * ( 276 )) IN Sek | April 3, 1798. Extracts from ihe Minute Book of the Linnean Society. N account of the Ardea Gardeni,- Gmel. Syf. Nat. v. I. 645, having been fhot in Oxfordíhire by _ John Horatio Dickinfon, Efq: F.L: S. was communicated to the Society. : The Rev. Mr. Abbot, F.L.S. informed the Society of his having taken the Papifio Pani ifeus (He efperia Panifcus, Fab.) in Clapham-Park Wood, Bedfordíhire. He ob- ferves that * this Papilio is molt eafily taken in May and * June, when the P. Lucina, or Duke of Burgundy Fritillary, * js out; but the term of its exiftence feems to be longer, _ as fome fpecimens have been caught, in good condition, ** a full fortnight after the Lucina has difappeared. It is “to be found from 7 to 9 o'clock in the morning; very “ often playing in pairs juft after fun-rife, or at leaft as * foon as the morning fog has evaporated. Its flight is * extremely fhort, very near the ground. It delights to . “ fettle on the blades of very long Graffes or Carices, and “is far from being a timid infe&." Mr. Abbot withes to name it the Duke of York Fritillary. With its Jarva and pupa he is unacquainted, 4 CA T A- COUTELY OU Een “OF THE LIBRARY or tus LINNEAN SOCIETY. dien A yd ade. pr he - I. A pawss (George) Effay on the Microfcope. Lond. 1787, 4to. | 2. — - 2d edition, with additions by F. Kanmacher. Lond. 1798, 4te. 3. Aiton's (William) Hortus Kewenfis, 3 vols. Lond. 1789, 8vo. 4 Aldrovandi (UL) Ornithologia, tomi 3. - Bononiz, 1599, fol. $ ioa De Animalibus Infe&is. Bonon. 1602, fol. - 6. Allioni. (Car.). Au&uarium ad Floram Pedemontanam. Aug. "Taur. 1789, 4to. 7. Alpinus (Pr.) de Plantis Ægypti, cum notis J. Veflingii. Patav. 1640, 4to. — 8. Amman (Jo.) Stirpes rariores in Imperio Rutheno fponte provenientes. Petrop. d 1739, 4to. . 9. Amman (Pauli) Supellex Botanica. Lipf. 1675, 8vo. 10. - — Character Plantarum Naturalis. Francof. 17ób X 12mo. . Anderfon’s (James) Letters on Cochineal Infects difcovered at Madras. Madras, 4788, Bvo. — 12. Ariofti (Fr) de Oleo Montis Zibini. Hafn. 1690, 8vo. 13. Artedi (Petri) Ichthyologia, ı edidit C. Linneus. Lugd. Bat. 1738, 8vo.” 14. Bajeri (J. J.) ‘Opuwroypagie Norica. Norimb. 1708, 4to. 15. Barbari (Herm.) in Plinium Caftigationes. - Bafil. 1534, 4to. 16. Bartholini (Th.) A@ta Medica Hafnienfia, vol. 1—4. Hafn. 167 5—7) eo. _ 17. Barton’s (Benj. Smith) Memoir concerning the fafcinating E. e afcribed to the gnats -Snake. c 1796, 8vo. 7 18. Bar- 278 Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society. 18. Barton’s(B.S.) Papers relative to certain American Antiquities. Philadelphia, 1796, 4to. 19. -— Colle&tions for an Burt towards a Materia Medica of the United Mae. Philadelphia, 1798, 8vo. 20. Baffeei (Nic.) Eicones Plantarum. Francof. 1590, 4to. 21. Bafteri (Jobi) Opufcula fubfeciva, Lib. I. et II. Harl. 1759—60, 4to. 22. Bauhini (Cafp.) Miva Theatri Botanici. Bafil. 1623, 4to. . x. 23. Belleval (P. Richer de) Ses Opufcules, publiés par Brouffonet. Paris, 1785; 8vo. 24. Berch (A.) Preefide Differtatio : Jamtelands Djur-fange. Refp. Æ. Nordholm. Upfal. 1749, 8vo. 25. Bergii (P. J.) Deferiptiones 1 Plantarum ex Capite Bonz Spei. Stockh. 1768, 8vo. 26. Materia Medica e Regno Vegetabili, tomi 2. Stockh. 1778, 8vo. 27. Bergman (Torb.) Opufcula Phyfica et Chemica, vol. 1. Holm. 1779 8vo. 28. Bergftreffer (J. A. B.) Entomologia. Hanoviz, 1784,.8vo. © 29. Blair's (Patrick) Botanick Effays. Lond. 1720, 8vo. 3o. Blankaart (Stephan) Schouburg der Rupfen, Wormen, M | ít 1683, 8vo. 3%. Bloch (M. E.) Naturgefchichte der Fifche "Deutichlands, 3 Toe . Berlin, 1783— 1785, 8yo. 32. Naturgefchichte der Auslindifchen Eie I und 2 theil. Berlin, .. 1786—7, 8vo. 33. Blumenbach (J. Fr.) Specimen Phyfiologize comparatæ inter Animalia calidi Sangui- nis Meas et Ovipara. Gott. 1 789, 4to. i- 34. — —— Effay on Generation, tranflated from the German by A. Crich- ton. Lond. 1792, 12mo. jp = Abbildungen Naturhiflorifcher Gegenttinde, 1—4 heft. Gétting. 1796—9, 8vo. . 36. Boate’s (Gerard) Natural Hiftory of Ireland. Dublin, 1755; 4to. 37. Bonanni (Phil.) Obfervationes circa Viventia quz in poe non Mia ut runtur. Rom, 1691, 4to. ~ 38. Bennet (Charles) Recherches fur l'Ufage des hinge dans les D ntes. Goss et Leid. 1754, 410. — oe ORO 39. Bonfdorf (Gabr.) Differtationes : Differentize Capitis Beton. Abos, 1789,. to, 40+ —-— - Organa Infe&oram Senforia. Aboz, 1789, 4to. 41. ———-—— — Fabrica Antennarum in Infedtis. Abo, 1790, 4to. - 42. Bofe (E.G. De de Generatione Hybrida. Lipf. 1777, 4to. SI cipe 43. Bofe (A. T.) de Motu Humorum in Plantis, vernali Tempore vividiore. Lipf. £9645 4f 44. Breynii (Jac.) Prodromus Fafciculi rariorum Plantarum fecundus. Gedani, — Em 4: a (]. P.) Differtatio de Polythalamiis. Gedan. 1732, 4to. s 46. Bromelis | — f the Bijoy of the Linnean Stn ^w 46. -Bromelii. (0.) Cloris Gothica. Gothob. 1694, — d E et 47- Broughton (A.) Hortus Eaftenfis. St. Jago de la’ Vega; aed ato, > 48. Brouffonet’s (P. M. A.) Account of the CMM. barbatum L. From the Philo» fophical TranfaGtions. 4to. . 49. Ichthyologie Decas 1. Lond. 1782, 4to. —— 50. Brünnich (M. T.) Catalogus Bibliothece Hiftoriz Naturalis. Havniæ, 1793, 8vo. 51. Burmanni (Joh.) Rariores Africane Plante. Amfteled. 1738, 4to. 52. Camper (P.) Kort Berigt van de Ontleding eens jongen Elephants. 1774, 8vo. 53- Cappeller (M. A.) Prodromus Cryftallographiz. Lucerne, 1723, 4to. .. $4. Carl (J. S.) Lapis Lydius ad Offium Foffilium — P EES demonftrandam adhibitus. Francof. 1704, 8vo. 55. Cafaux (Charles de) Account of a new Method of flaring the. Sugar-Cane. Lond. 1779, 4to. 56. Cavolini (Fil.) aatis per fervire alla Storia de Polipi Marini. Nap. 1785, 4to. 5T UR oria fulla Generazione dei Pefci e dei Granchi. Napal, 4t0. A ‘ corografiche e Memo e per ervire alla Storia urale delle PBuviscs del Patrimonio, Sabina, &c. Napoli, 1782, fol. gg. Ciampini (J.) de Incombuftibili Lino. Rom. 1691, to. 6o. Clutii (A.) Opufcula de Nuce Medica, et de Hemerobio. Amft. 1634, 4to. 61. Correa de Serra (Jof.) on the F ructification of the fubmerfed "rp m From the Philofophical Tranfaétions, 4to. 62. Cothenii (C. A.) Difpofitio Vegetabilium a Sinise Numero. Berol. 1790, 8vo, 63. Curtis (William) Flora Londinenfis, 2 vols. Lond. 1777—98, fol. t 64. Crantz (H. J. N.) Claffis Umbelliferarum. | Lipf. 1767, 8vo. E “65. Cyrilli (Dom.) de Effentialibus nonnullarum Plantarum Characteribus. Neap. 1784, 8vo. ;e melh es * art 66. Dahl (And.) Obfervationes Botanicze circa Syftema Vegetabilium divi à Linné, Got- - tinge 1784 editum. Havn. 1787, 8vo. 67. Dargenville (A. J. D.) aac Foffilium quz in Galliz Provinciis reperiuntur. Par iyd e =: 68. Daubenton, Tableau wkaiodiahe des ladite: Paris, 1788, 8vo. j . 69. Delii (H. F.) Rudera Terre Mutationum particularium Teftes poffibiles pro Dii univerfalis Teftibus non habenda. Lipf. et et. Wolff. 1747, 4to. "F 7o. Dickfon (Jacob.) Fafciculi 1, 2 et 3 Pamardi a Prtitinie: Lond. 1785—93, 4to. 71. Diofcoridis 280 Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society. 71. Diofcoridis Opera, Græcè et Latinè, per Saracenum. Francof. 1598, fol. 72. ——-——— Materia Medica, Hifpanicé, per A. de Laguna. Salamanca, 1566, fol. 73. Dodonzi (R.) Hiftoria Vitis Vinique. Colon. 1580, 8vo. i : 74. Donn’s (James) Hortus Cantabrigienfis. Cambr. 1796, 8vo. 75. Dorthes (J. A.) Qüæftiones Medice. Monfp. 1790, 4to. 76. Douglas's (James) Hiftory of the Coffee-Tree. Lond. 1727, fol. . 77. Drury’s (D.) Exotic Infe&s, 3 vols. Lond. 1770—1782, 4to. - E. 78. Dryander (Jonas) Differtatio gradualis Fungos Regno Vegetabili indica. Lond. | Goth.-1776, 4to. 29. Botanical Defcription of the Benjamin Tree of Sumatra. From the ien em Tranfactions. 4to. : 8o. — Catalogus Bibliothecz Iinodsan titulis amem Banks, tom. ^i1—4. Lond. 1796—99, 8vo. | 23 $1. Duncan (Andr. ) Tentamen i t. de Swietenia Soymida, Edinb. 1794»: "n peg: Er = - 82. Ehehart (B.) Differtatio i inaug. E Belen Suevicis. . Tort Bat. 1724, Ato. 83. Elwert (J. O. P.) Fatciculus Plantarum € Fjora IMargraviatüs Baruthini. aep 1386,12mo. . . : 84. Ernftingii (A. C.) Pu Principia Pei Wolffenb. 1748, Svo. 85. Efper (f. F.) von neuentdeckten Zoolithen. _ Niirnb. 1774, fol. $ N 86. Fabricius (J. c. ) ‘Ueber die allgemeinen Einrichtungen in der Natur. PO 1781, 8vo. $7. Faujas de Saint-Fond (B.) Hiitoire Naturelle des Roches de Trapp. Paris, 1788, 12mo. 88. Ferbers (J. J.) Briefe aus Wülfchland. Prag, 1773, 8vo. 89. Fifcher (Gotth.) Ueber die Schwimmblafe der Fifche. Leipz. 1795, Ys Àj 90. Foríkahl (Petri) Flora ZEgyptiaco-Arabica. Havniz, 1775, 4to. _ - gi. Fortter (G: ) De Plantis Efculentis Infularum Oceani Auftralis. Berol. 1786, 8vo. 92. Florule Infularum Auftralium Prodromus. ie niic ..93. Forfter (B. M.) Peziza cuticulofa. 1793, 2410. 94. Forfyth’s (William) Obfervations on the Difeafes of Trees, TY a "Method of Cure, . Lond. 1791, 8vo. | 95. Fortis (Alb.) delle Offa d'Elefanti, L3 d'altre Curiofità Natural de’ Monti di Roma- gnano. Vicenza, 1786, 8vo. 96. Francillon's (John) Defcription of a rare Scarabzeus from Potofi. London, 1795; | Ato. 97. Frafer’s (John) Hiftory of the Agroftis Cornucopia. Lond. 1789, fol. . . 98. Fuchfii (Leonh.) Apologia, qua releli malitiofas Gu. Ryffi Reprehenfiones. Bafil. 1 544, 6vo. 1 ‘gies of the Library of lie Linnean Suse ; 2B add e. Adr.) Pratde Differtationes. Abos, 4to. A . Infeĝa Pifcatoribus noxia. Refp. C. N. Hellenius, 1769. 100. | De Monte cuprifero Tilas wuori. Refp. J. Malleen. à xor. CEfterbotns Mineral-hifloria. . Refp. C. Kreander, 1788. — ad = ro2. Tavaftlands Mineral-hiftoria. 1 del. Refp. M. Lilius. 2 del. Refp. A. Lilius- “103. Garcie ab Horto Aromatum Hiftoria, Latiné, per C. Clu&um. Antv: 1567, 8vo. : 104. Gaterau, des Plantes qui croiffent aux environs de Montauban. Montaub. 1789, 8vo. 155. Gerard's (John) Herbal. Lond. 1597, fol. . 106. Gefneri (Conr.) De Stirpium Colie&tione diable: edidit C. Wolphius. Tigur. MA Gronovii (J. F.) Flora Orientalis. Lugd. Bat. 1755» Byrp.^, taa ' 16. Hannemann (J. L.) Methodus cognofcendi Simplicia. “Kilon. uh a 4 , 110, Gloxin (B. P.) win Botanicz. ne ane e: 111. Gray s(E.W.) Obfervatious on the ( € J-- "FTO m t T Ph Tofc OD en j 'ranfactio ch i |. x12. Grew (Neh.) Mufzum ien Sotictasies: mn eres fol. s “oy EgB 95 Bvas E oS : " 107. Gillii (P.) Defcriptio Elephaati. Hamb. did 4,8vo. i 108. Gioeni (Gio.) Defcrizione di una nuova.Famiglia di Teftaceis Nap. 1783, 4to. 1c9. Gleditfchii (J. G.) Confideratio Epicrifeos Siegefbeckiane in Linnzi Syflema Plan- tarum fexuale. Berol. 1740, 8vo. - Am hibiay 113. Grifelini (Fr.) Obfervations fur la pn marine luifaute et la Baillouvianas Ven. 1750, 8vo. 2 Wien, x 115. Haidingers (K.) Syftematifche. Eintheilung der Gebirgsai 787) 4to. : i1». Hartman (Fr. X.) Prime Linex Inftitutionum Botanicarum. Vindob. 1766; Bvo. 118. Hatchett's (Charles) Experiments. on Shells and Bones.. From the ae ? Tranfa&tions.- 4to. 3 119. Analyfis of the ET Subftance called Sydnei. From the Phil. Tranf. 4to. - ` 120, Haffelquifts. (Fredr.) Iter Patetinom, QUEUE af Cal Linneus. pona “W737 Bio. 121. Hebenftreit (Jo. a Definitions T Plantarum. Diff. Refp. Chr. hee. Ebersbach, >o NN ETA ORE 122. - — is. 2 nt s 1741, 4to- iet | nde 123. RUE Ter a i 4 124. — > Progr. Hiflorie Naturalis pot beg Inftitutiones. Lipf.. 1745, 40. AE T | 00 1 Ee ng. Haie i -333- Fm Mec Hope's ( Th. Ch. J Account ab Peas Froth 149. Jacquin (N. J.) Collecanea, vol. 1. Vindob. 1786, 4to. 282 ^ - Calalsgue 4 of ib Lirary of the Linnean Society. iss. Hedwigi (Joh.) Fundainanete ido Dip Mufcorum fsondoforum, Partes 2. Lipf. 1782, 4to.! . ju 126. Heilteri (Laur.) Progr. de Studio. Rei Herbaria Wii Helmft. " 30, 4to. 127. Dif. Animadverfiones in sey Bgeudaun Linnzi. : Refp. P.C. Goeckelius. Helmft. 1741, 4to.- 128. Diff. de Nominum Plantarum. Mutatione utili ac noxia. E E E. Sandhagen. ; Helmft. 174f5,4to ici s : $E es i Hellenio (Car. Nic.) Prafide Didertationes- fonts gto = á 329. De Aíparago. Refp. Ule- Pryf. 1788. 130. De Hippophaë. Refp. P. Stenberg. 1789. s: 1r31. Ogräfen i Onhvefi Socken." Refp. A. Salovius, l E i 4 nA |CBe'lropzolo.- Refp. A. F. Laurell. Eus | ttrán Skötfel i Finland. Refp. Er. n von a Pfaler. - Up, MUN RR V aps 134. < Fruktbiirande Bufkars Skótfel. Bear F Forlbom.” ho ner ae oa =" Hn De Cichorio. - Ref. H. Nellij, 17924 — | 136. ^ Spedimina Inftinétus, quo Animalia: fuse Pro (Sicfóme Soboli. Refp. F. rite | 137. Helwing (G. A.) Flora quafimodogenita. . "Gedani, 1712, 4to. 138. Hermanni (P.) Mufeum Zeylabicum. Lugd. Bat. 1726, 8vo. E . 39. Hermanni pris Gili initi scio mAb sepu Argent 1792, Ato. z 140.. Hermann (Joh) paee en Virtutis cue Defenfio inchoata et continuata. j Argent. 1787—9, 4to. 14]. -——— Progr. i in Mutatione Reétoratus. Arg. 1790, fol. 142, Hill's (Thomas) Profitable Arte of Gardening. Lond. 1574, 4to. 143. Hinderwell’s (Th.) Hiftory and Antiquities of Scarborough. York, 1798, 4to. 44. Home (Ev.) and Menzies (Arch.) Defcription of the Anatomy of the Sea Otter.. „From the Philofophical Tranfa&ions. gto. p Hoopers (Robert) Obfervations on the Structure. and Economy of Plant Oxford, : e Tranfa&tione i Repa Society of Edinburgh ; i$ 148. n (J. A. }- De Pium Setn et Vegetatione: | Havn.. 1727 D $e = Ass wmm rn 150. Johnfon (Th.) Mercurius Botanicus. Lond. 1634, 8vo. 5h Tobeenis (M. D4 Vademecum omuc, | Colbergæ, Svo. ENS I. eoe 9 - > 152. Jovius LL of tbe Library of tbe Linnean Suey. 283 ; ti focii P) De Romanis Pifcibus; Antv;1528,8v0. ci (007 1! 53- Juftander (J. G.) cpiresangeonge ern maneo Fennicarum i illfirants, À Abos, pilad se oe T4 vk ead < r d I L4. dedic (E.) Icones filed Plantarum — in Japonia eile « et delidcariti . . Lond. 1791, fol. x e — r — Kalm (Petro) Ptehde Dilferttiones es PA gasthb4 mein 155. Studium CEconomiz et penam Naturalis Informatori nccelrium. Abox, (031757 4. ER jn d iiem i 156. . De Animalibus Vetariis. - me € 4t. 06 à X24. Ufus. Animalium fylveftrium domitorum, Abos, 1772, T 158. Klein g: "The.) Defcriptiones Tubulortim Marinorum. Gedan. 1731, 4to. 159. Knauths (C.) Enumeratio Plantarum c circa Halam Saxonum fponte Mi itl ' Lipf. 1687, 8vo. a en 17915 Aor Us , | 161. Lambert's (A. B.) Delcriptión dté the Genus Cinchona. Lond. 1797, Ato. 152. Latham’s (John) General Synopfis of Birds, 7 vols. "Lond. 1781—7, ato. apo 163. — Index Ornithologieus, voll. 2; Lond. 1790, 4to. 164. Le Breton (M. F.) fur les Proprietés et les Effets du Sucre. bed — 12mo. - 165. Leers (Jo. Dan.) Flora Herbornenfis. | Berol 1789; 8vol ^ ^ *~ 166. Lehmann: (Mart. Chrift. Gott) d bus Gottingæ, 1 1798) 4to. do v 167. Lewin’ 5 e Infe&s of Gréat Britain. : -— Birds of Great Britain. fo. USO ids 2355; fos Vi com 169. Lichtenflein (A. A. H.) Commentatio. Philologica- de' Sintiis. Hamb. 1791, Svo: -170. Lightfoot's (J-) Account of an Englith Bird of the Genus of Motacilla, 'unnoticed : by Britifh Ornithologifts. From the: Philofophicál TranfaQtions. '4to. ` ( ohn) Account of the Q afa polyg ama; and of (he Cinchona brachy- he Tranfadtions of the Royal Sociéty ‘of Edinburgh. "e. CE: rium. os Lugd. Bat. 1737, Bvos ^ p Ager a SSNAN PE re Te | $vo.- 175. ; | ee anat s ; | e Perge cun skis XU Seen cop «9, 8vo. : es ie — ed. 13- tomi 3. Voll. 4." Vindob. i559, 2 Bva. Jot - ; : 179. Lin- 284 — Cotaliyue of the Library of the Linnean Society. 179. Linnzi (Car.) Oratio de Neceflitate Peregrinationum intra Patriam, ejufque Elen chus Animalium per Sueciam.. J. Browallii Examen Epicrifeos Siegeibeckianze et J. Gefneri de — Vegetationis et Fru&ificationis Stru&tura. Lugd. Bat. 17 3, 8vo. E 3 : s 18e. Linnzi (Car.) Flora Suécica, ed. 1. Stockh. 1745, 8vo. 285: ~ — ed. 2. Stockh. 1755, 8vo. 792. - Materia Medica, lib. 1. de Plantis. Holm: 749, 8 &vo.- 183. Mufeum Teflinianum. Holm. 1753, fol. 184. Genera Morborum. Upf. 1763, 8vo. - (465, —— -- Syflema Vegetabilium, ed, 13. adornata. aT A. eme Gotting, B et Goth. 1774 Svo. x86. ——— - Reflections on the Study dE Nature, staiifated by I. E.. Smith, ; London 1785, 8vo. i 187. — Differtation on the Sexes ~ Plants, Sete E Jek Smith. London, 1785, «vo. Lu SEL Sc ratis 188. - Flora Lapponica; editio altera, cura J. E. Smith. Lond" 1755 $vo. Linnzo (Car.) Prefide Differtationes Academics. - Upfaliz, 4to.. 189. Betula Nana. Refp. L. Klafe. 1743. fe 19e. _Peloria._ Ref. D. Rudberg. Pigg UD wwe A 19:1. Amphibia Gyllenborgiana. Refp. B. R. Hart. Ss e 192. “Plante Martino-Burseriane. Refp. R. Marti. 0-00 A. .193. Paffiflora. Refp. J. G. Hallman a.: i POT PN 194. Anandria. Refp. E. Z. Turfen — cal. dM 19$. Acroftichum. Refp. J. B. Heiligtag. 196. Vires Plantarum. Refp. F. Haffelquift. 1747. — 197. Flora economica, Refp. E. Afpelin. 1748. 198. . De Curiofitate naturali. Refp. O. Si igg. Tenia. Refp. G. Dubois. REM 200. Splachnum. Refp. L. Montim 1750. 201... Plantz rariores Camf{chatcenfes... Refp 204. Plante efculentæ patties: Refp. F Hor. H $n ; 205. | De Morbisex Hyeme. Refp. S. Brodd. - 206. Odores Medicamentorum, | Refp. A. Wohlin. .207. Noxa Infectorum. Refp. M. Baeckuer. Eo ai 208. Herbationes Upfalienfes. Refp. A. Fornander. 1753, = 25 UNS 209. De Pulfu intermittente Refp..A. Wohlin. 1756. * ET cn a : 210, Cene # - — ‘compo | Catalògue of the Library of the Linnean Society - Centuria 2. Plantarum. Refp. E: Torner.: Fundamenta Valetudinis. Refp. P. Engftróm. De Phalena Bombyce. Refp. J. Lyman. Prodromus Flore Danice. Refp. G. T. Holm. 17 jis Natura Pelagi. Refp. J. H. Hager. . .. Buxbaumia. Refp. A. R. Martin. Exanthemata viva. Refp. J. Nyander: ‘Tranfmutatio Frumentorum. Refp. B. Hornborg.. Culina mutata. Refp. M. CEfterman. - Spigelia anthelmia. Refp. J- G. Colliander. Medicamenta: graveolentia.. Refp. J. T. Fagræus. Pandora Infe&orum. Refp. E. O.. Rydbeck. Senium Salomoneum. Refp. J. Pilgren. 1759. Auctores botanici. Refp. A. Loo.. Inftruétio sn pio bsc E. A. Nordblad. ta. 3 : Flora Capenfis. Refp. | C. H. .Wænnman.. Arboretum Suecicum. Refp. D. Pontin. Plantarum Jamaicenfium Pugillus. Refp. G. Elmgrens Genera Morborum. Refp. J. Schroder. . Flora Jamaicenfis. Refp. C. G. Sandmark.. Aer habitabilis. Refp. J. V. Siefvert.. _ Nomenclator botanicus. Refp. D. Berzelius. De Pinguedine animali. Refp. J. Lindh. Politia Nature. Refp. H..C. D. Wilcke. 1760-. Anthropomorpha. Refp. C. E. Hoppius.. — Flora Belgica. Refp. C. F. Rofenthal. : Macellum olitorium. Refp. P. Jerlin. . Prolepfis Plantarum. Refp. H. Ullmark. Plante rariores. Africanze,. Refp. J. Printz. Diata acidularis. Refp. .E. Vigelius. 1761. Inebriantia. Refp. O. R. ' Alander. Potus Coffe.. Refp. H. Sparfchuch,.... US Morfura Serpentum. Refp. J- ©. Real. 1762.. Termini botanici. Refp. J. Elmgren.. AMtrómeria. Refp. J. P. Falck. 285 247; Nece | Catalogue of tbe Library of the Linnean Society. 286 247. ^ Nedaria Florum. Refp. B. M. Hall. - "ues 248. ^ Fundamentum Fruétificationis. Refp. J. M. Groberg. $19. `- De Melo? Veficatorio. Refp. C. A. Lenzeus.— 250. Reformatio Botanices. Refp. J.M. Reftelius. —. - eke EQ R 251. . Raphania, Refp. G. Rothman. 1763. HE S 252 Fruétus efculenti. Refp. J. Salberg. 253. Lignum Quaffie. Refp. C. M. Blom: 254- De Prolepfi Plantarum. © Refp. J. J. Ferber. 255. Motus polychreftus. Refp. C. Lado. 256 Hortus culinaris. Refp. J. Tengborg. 1764. 257. De Dizta per Scalam ZEtatis humane obfervanda. eod p. J. begs. 258. ^ Opobalfamum. Refp. W. Le Moine. ^ ^ 259. | DeHirudine. Refp. D. Wefer. 1765. © 260. ^ Morbi Artificum. Refp. Nic. Skip ^ 261. Purgantia indigena: Refp. P. Stranc - —— E 262. Neceflitas promovendze Hiftoriæ Naturalis in Roffia. Refp. A. de Karam (chew. 253. . Ufus Hiftorie naturalis in Vita communi. Refp. M. Aphonin. 264. — Siren Lacertina. Refp. A. CEfterdam. TUN us 265. Ufus Mufcorum. Refp.A.Berlin. = ' 266. Mundus invifibilis. Refp. J. C. Roos. 1767. es Weg. E 267. DeHzmoptyf. Refp. J. M. "Groberg. . EC amo : xe 268. Fundamenta Agroftographize. Refp. H. Cahn: d FI 269. Menthe Ufus. Refp. G. Laurin. - 270 ‘Metamorphofis humana. Refp. J. A. Wadftröm. 271 ‘De Varietate Ciborum. Refp. A. F. Wedenborg. 232 Rariora Norvegiz. Refp. H. Tonning. T8, E 3 ^273. - De Coloniis Plantarum. Refp. F. —— pe OMOQUERIDHUNOIA 274. . De Medico fui ipfius. Refp. J. Gryffetius. M 235. Jterin Chinam. Refp. A. Sparrman. 276. ^ Erica. Refp. J. A. Dahlgren. 1770. s 277. . Fundamenta iei we sal A. Murray. 348. "4 ca. Refp. h 279. Fraga Vefca. Refp. "Sa. Hedin. " | "v é 280. , Cimicifuga. Refp. J. Hornborg. 17740999 wa e oe 281 De Maro. Refp. J. A. Dahlgren. ros aroo See 282. Viola Ipecacuanha. Refp.D. Wickman. ^ AN I 283. Flantæ Surinamenfes. Refp. J. Alm. 1775. Se E 284. .285. (ur 286. 287. 288. 30 3: E E to 306. 307- _ 308 -. Aphyteia. . Longolii (G.) Dialogus de Avibus. . Martyn (9.44 p DA the Library 9 75 lius Societ ly. De Ledo paluftri. Refp. J. P. Welsing: De Perfpiratione | infenfibili, Refp. N. Avellan, Biga Infectorum. Refp. A. Dahl. Refp. 'E. Acharius. 1776, Linnzi (Car.) Filii, Decas 1 et 2. Plantarum rariorum Horti Upfalienfis. Stockh. 1162; fol. ʻ us " Differtationes coire Nova Graminum Genera. Refp. D. E. T Upf. 1779, 4to. ‘Lavandula. Refp. J. D. Lundmark. . Upf. 1780, 4to. 1; 287 . Colon. 1544, 8vo. ; Magnol (P. ) Prodromus Hiftoriz generalis Plantarum. Monfp. 1€85, 8vo. . Malphighi (Mar.) Opera omnia, tomi 2. . Marti (Don A. de) Experimentos fobre los Sexos de las pum Barcelona; Lugd. Bat. 1687, 4to. — 8vo. toria Plantarum ra. m. Lond 1729,10... 5. 0 rerters om. he Eh Mn of B otany, b .. Rov eau, t tranflated,. with Notes d 24 additional Letters. Lond. 1788, 8vo. Plates adapted to the Letters on the Elements of Botany. Lond. 1788, ie. —.——— Flora Ruftica, 4 vols. Lise 1792—94, 8vo. Horti Botanici Cantabrigienfis Catalogus. Cantab. 1794, 8vo. — Engraved Figure and — pone of Hemanthus multi» ^ florus: Tangoa " Bag: Lond. 1703, I2mo. ý: Gardener’s and Botanif's Di&tionary, by the late Philip Mile, | corie and newly arranged, with additions. Part 1—13. ` Martyn’s (Thomas): Figures. of ig ean Moths and VEL GP No. Lond. 1797, 4to. - usse. (W. G.) Obfervations on the Weftern Counties of England, 2 vols. “Lond. 1797, 8vo. - Matthioli (p. y Difeorfi. nelli Ee di Diofcoride dell lateri Medica = tomi2. Venetia, 1604, fol | Merrem (B.) Difp. de Animalibus Sex i wc r— to: Meyer (F. A. A.) Tentamen Ordin torum. Goett. 1792, 4to. Milleri (Phil.). — Plantarum ollsiasbwi. in Hone ocn 1730, 8vo.. | E. "Lom: 400. Mof- 7 M , * Catalogue of. the Library of the Linnean d 309. Mofcardo (Conte Lod:) Mufeo. "Verona, 1672, fol. 310. Moufeti (Th.) Infectorum Theatrum. Lond. 1634, fol. x git. Murray (J. A. de Arboribus Gummi Guttz fundentibus. E. Commentationibus Soc. Gótting. 4to. 312. Neucrantz (Paul. de Harengo. 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Memoirs of the Litérary atid Philofophical yer of Mancheftér, vil. 1—5, yam I. Warrington, 1785—98, 8vo. ~~ a 441. Memoirs of the Medical Society of — inftituted in 1773, vol. 5. vp 1799, 8vo. , 442. Ades de la Societé d'Hiftoire Naturelle dé Paris, tome I, I partie. | Paris, 1792, fol. 443. Det Kongelige Norike Vidadikabens. Selikabs. ‘Skrifter, 5 d upon. 1761—74, 8vo. 444. Memorie di Matematica e Fifica della Società. rages tom. I et 2. Verona, 1282—84, ato. - t poet K Ay 445. AnnualHampfhire Repofitory, vol. 1. Winchefter, 1799, qe 446. Magazin für die Botanik, herausgegeben von J. Rémer und P. Ufteri, 12 ftücke. CARI" Et 790) Svo: — et a Pelletier, tome 1. Paris, 1792, Sro- 448. A Catalogue of Biitifh Quadrupeds and Birds, contained i in ei Britifh Zoological . Mufeum, Oxford Street. Lond. 1795, 8vo. 449- Bemerkungen über einen monftreufen Canarien vogel. Hamb. Ato. 450. Nomenclator entomologicus. ‘Stralf 1785, 4to. | 451. Naturgefchichte der Kohlraupe. Mannheim, 1768, 8vo. 452. Catalogue du Cabinet de Coquilles de feu P. Lyonet. La Haye; it 8y0. 453. Befchreibung des Hollindifchen fee-oder pfahl-wurms. ürnb. 1733, 4to. 454. Principia Botanica. Newark, 1785, 8vo. 455. Icones Flore Danicæ, edid. — Müller et Vahl. Fafcic. 1-17. Havniz, 1764—90, fol . 456. Catalogus Horti Botanici ‘Oxonientis, cura P. ‘Stephani et G. Brounei.. em ,16 585 Svo. pra&ticus de fimplicibus. Sine loco et anno, 4to.—— x earam: Venet, 1509, 4to. — E ( 294 ) LIST OF DONORS TO THE : LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, With References to the Numbers in the foregoing Catalogue of the pce Books prefented by them refpectively. — E SNO. ides: IRR AES ce eeen ‘THE Royal Society of London, 438. : ea The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Com- merce, 439. | | è The Literary and Philofophical Society of Manchefter, 440. vols. 4. and 5. . The Medical Society of London, 441. | The late Mr. George Adams, F. L.S. 1. 21. 37, 38. 293. Car. Allioni, M.D, F.M.L.S.6. .— : | The Right Hon. Sir Jofeph Banks, Bart. K. B. H.M. L. S. 9. 11, 12. 14, (0 T$. 20. 23—25. 27—30. 33. 35-39, 40. 42—47. 49, $0. 5269. 62, 64, 65. 67—69. 72, 73. 76. 80. 82, 83. 85. 87— 89. 91, 92. 95. 98— to4. 106—110. 113—116. 121—124. 126—128. 135— 138. 140—142. 147 —150. 152—160. 164. 179. 185. 233. 291, 292. 294. 306, 307. 309. 311—315. 317—319: 321—324. 326—228. 332—334. 339. 341. 344, 345- 349- 354. 358—368. 385. 587, 388. 390; 391. 393, 394. 396. 398. 403—405. 407. 411—418. 420—422. 426—430. 432. 436. 442. 444. - 446—454. 456—458. ue Benjamin AC "Thomas Marfham, Efq. Tr. L. S. 22. 105. 308. Duas to the Library of di Linnean Societ fy, 295 : Benjamin Smith Barton, M. D. F. M. L.S. 17-19. Marcus El. Bloch, M: D: F.M. L. S. 31,32. > Jofeph Correa de Serra, L. L.D. F. L.S. 61. Alexander Crichton, M. D; F. L. S. 34. Mr. James Dickfon, F. L. S. 79. Mr. James Donn, A. L.S. 74. Jac. Anfelmus Dorthes, M. D. F. M. L.S. j$, Jonas Dryander, M. A. V. P. L.S. 3—5. 7, 8. 10. 13. 16. 26. 41. 48. 51. 66. 71. 78, 79.84. 86. 90. 112. 117. 120. 125. 129—134. 151. 166. 171. 174, 175. 177. 181. 183. 288. 310. 316. 338. 340. 342. 346; 347. 355— 357- 369. 389. 397. 423. 425. 435. 437+ 443- Mr. Dru Drury, F. L. S. 77. Vol. 1. Andrew Duncan, s M. D. A. L.S. 8r. Mr. John Frsncillon, obs Mr. John Frafer, 97. "The late Earl of Gainfborough, H.M. L.S. 455. Rev. Samuel Goodenough, L. L. D. V. P. L. S. 165. 178. Edward Whitaker Gray, M.D. A.L.S. 111. : | Charles Hatchett, Efq. F. L.S. 118, 119. Std b « Johannes Hermann, M.D. F. M.L. S. 139. Robert Hooper, M. D. F. L. S. 145. Thomas Hope, M. D. A. L.S. 146. Mr. Frederick Kanmacher, F. L.S. 2. - Aylmer B. Lambert, Efq. V.P. L4 36. 161. 305. 325. 395- john Latham, M. D. F. L.S. Romfey, 162, 163. Mr. William Lewin, F. L.S. 167, 168. Rey. Thomas Martyn, B. D. F. L. S.-295—302. z Mr. Thomas Martyn, 303. "William George Maton, M. B. F. L.S. 304. Mr. Archibald Menzies, F. La, S. 144- | : Mr. Joha 296 à Donors i to the Tahaan of the Linnean Sueiay. E Mr. Jobn Parkinfon, F. L.S. 572. — — A nhan - Rev. Edmund Poulter, F. L.S; 445. | = £ Richard Pulteney, M. D. F.L. S. 329—331. .. God. Chrift. Reich, M. D. F. M. L.S. 335, 336. Rev. Richard Refhan, A. L.S. 337.° John Rotheram, M.D. F. L. S. 343. e Richard Anthony Salifbury, F. LS. 356. Mr. Samuel Saunders, 352. .O. A. Scaff; M. D. of Genoa, 353-5 — = m ge Shaw, M. D. V. P.L. S. 370. 373: = “George Shaw, M. D. V. P. L.S. ‘eo . and a Mr. James Sowerby, F. L. S x dg d E niin E. James Edward Smith, M. D. p. Ls. 160. 172, 173. 776. 180. 182. 184: 186—232. 234—287. 289, 290. 320. 348. 374—376. serate James Edward Smith, M. D. P.L.S, = 378; 379 ; and Mr. Janes Sowerby, F.L. S. — Mr. James Sowerby, F. L5 377. 396. Jonathan Stokes, M. D. A. L. S. 4533. John Symmons, Efq. F. L. S. 351. Rev. Jelinger Symons, F. L. S. .392; Car. Pet. Thunberg, M. D. F. M. L. S. 399—402. 406, ae , . Mr. William Travis, F. L.S. 143. , t id Lieut. Col. Thomas Velley, F. L.S. 419... pre | tsi "Walter Wade, M.D. A. L.S. 424. > | Seo n Meffrs. Benjamin White and Son, 431. = az — William Woodville, M. D. F. L.S. 434. END OF THE FIFTH VOLUME. —M = ‘Printed by J. Davis, Chancery Lane: » p z f i -4% » 4 : ee ~ * $ x Wage 172, tine 4 Poit the bottom, before - geli infert * ** any. "cc me m 176, line 6, for ** uropzi" read @ | Europzi."" à 178, line 15 and 16, for '* fuperius" and * inferiüs'* read A perc and * inferias” The cg trots: again occur p- 180 and 183. 180," line 20, &c.read thus ** “foliolis ` nunc Si. laciniis d &qoilibis nunt lanceolatis, | fotegiis, ^-^ «wel uno latere incifis.? - 209, line 6, for ‘ fon” read ** fon’.” 229, line 25, for ** in what darknefs We were before" read ** where we were in darknefs before," i _- 231, line 20, for ¢ exuvia’’ read ** éxuvig."' i ii 06-5 1 id -4 v RT 2i | 232, line 17, for ** linearis” pi ia nic wr SEPSE SII T 5 2 j . line penult. for ** to’” at ** into," i aae V A : : ~ 235, Note, line.3 from the bottomy for ** felicitates’’ "read ‘€ felicitatis." eee MET UM - ~# line penult, for ** pulchredine’’ read ** pulchritudine," r : 251, line 8, for ** extended" read ** extend.” - jis s exe — © © 256, line 3 from the bottom, 7z/fead of tbe femicolon put a comma, and y" $C for" E € as." 258, line 23, for ** having, befides. fomething fimilar to it," read ** have Marcy fimilar e. namely." j — 26s, line 4 from the bottom, for .** accuminate read ** acuminate.” - asta , 269, line 16, for ** faturate"" read ** faturate." ty T I9. No. IV. Fig. I. The fecler to which the letter a was ‘intended to refer i is not engraved. - 2023 er microcephalus. — — 3 Tos : Fig. 4. The dotted lines (2) fhould. have been drawn te the tops of the lower joints ; 3 and ‘the dowed : T sgi kms lines (F. f) fhould have been drawn farther into the Hsc pe í E. Se E = he t. For ** 9" read “c,” and for “c” read ** 4," ‘ aie, N ar * michrocephalus" read ** microcephalus.” IE Paufus Sphærocerus. ]R- "wwe Bigs 3s. For 6” read £02," and fora” read ** 57^ Fig. 6. For “4? read ** ct and iur P read ** "> € 0E VOR Vergi cities si See Page. ‘Tine 21, the words © apertura margini i refesd? ie are im ed tinted i in italice re ES ei line 4, for **iffued" read * bet d ro irri 3 12, line 18, after ** dilated” infert a comma. , : ; VH lines 25 and 26, for “ the boat" read “a boat.” . > Ae as, — . 33, line 1, read “ bafe of the upper mandible," &. : = , ^ —149, line 26, for ** dires" read “ direct." 3 ; E doe 151, line 2, for “ poto read * ftru&ture."^ ae Y 4 2 D Y > — E = & 4 T r p om 2 + k i “é ts j mss. - X iie. FL P ier r aO for placing the Plates of the FIFTH VOLUME. Tas. | I. Minute Britifh Shells .- > $ to face page 6 4. Marine Animals -. . - Se im ee Weck wc XN 3. Head of the Myéteria Senegalénf j - ge 4. Tipula Tritici, &c. CELERE EM: - REI — 5 Onchidium Typhe, Be, uA -- - 124 —_ . 6. Sowerbza j juncea uf weno. Geo. = 16r EN. sb «Conferva umbilicata == - —— - - = 169 . 7". S Müsburfaius | ES oe a "Tübularia r S Se Ee ARS c ae [S opis PESE T oe ae c" ir. Bark and Leaf of "— Sylvaticn, var. gusreoides A22 12. Cerambyx ccce ifc c ues x... m. 260 a. v = = r e » » i ~ ¥ A e. me LI = E P d