252 ei ; TRANSACTIONS LINNEAN SOCIETY es LONDON. VOLUME X. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR AND CO., SHOE-LANE, FLEET-STREET. SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’s HOUSE, NO. 9, GERRARD-STREET, SOHO; BY WHITE AND COCHRANE, FLEET-STREET ; AND LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN, PATERNOSTER-ROW. : EEE MDCCOXI. MISSOURI _ 4 BOTANICAL GARDEN. (ii ) IE CON T-E-N T S. BP ABTE > . Ünaracrers of a Liliaceous Genus called Brodiza. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. - p. Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum, or Asılwov vo pingov of Dioscorides : ina Letter to Alexander MacLeay, Esq. Sec. L.S. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. er ern III. 4 Determination of Three British Species of Juncus, with jointed Leaves. By the Rev. Hugh Davies, F.L.S. p. IV. On the Proteacee of Jussieu. By Mr. Robert Brown, V E R a a GRAM -.q On a remarkable Variety of Pedicularis sylvatica: in a Letter to Alexander MacLeay, Esq. F.R.S. and Sec. L.S. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. - Tag... opt SUE PART 10 15 227 | CONTENTS. PART II VI. A Botanical Description and Natural History of the Malabar Cardamom. By Mr. David White, Surgeon on the Bombay Establishment. Communicated by the . Directors of the Hon. East India Company. With ad- ditional Remarks by William George Maton, M.D. F.P.L.S., $c. = * =e = p- 229 VII. Some Account of the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. By Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. F.R.S. and 4.8. ERPLS Ta a en a VIII. Some Remarks on the Synonyms and native Country of Hypericum calycinum. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. and P.L.S. - - - - p- IX. Notes relating to Botany, collected from the Manu- scripts of the late Peter Collinson, Esq. F.R.S. and com- municated by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. F.R.S. and A.S. FK RILS. - : - ss P. X. A Description of several Species of Plants from New Holland. By Edward Rudge, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S. p. XI. Some Remarks on the Physiology of the Egg, communi- cated in a Letter from John Ayrton Paris, M.B. to William George Maton, M.D. V. P.L.S. &c. $c. p. XII. Some 256 266 270 * CONTENTS. XII. Some Observations on the Parts of Fructification in Mosses ; with Characters and Descriptions of Two new Genera of that Order. By Mr. Robert Brown, Lib. Linn. Soc. E - - - - p. XIII. Description of Seven new Species of Testacea. By William George Maton, M.D. F.R.S. & A.S. and V.P.EG. - - " 3 ^ p. XIV. An Account of several Plants, recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don, A.L.S. not mentioned in the Flora Britannica nor English Botany. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. E p. XV. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Apion. By the Rev. William Kirby, F.L.S. — - E P. XVI. Account of Ormosia, a new Genus of Decandrous Plants belonging to the Natural Order of Leguminose. By Mr. George Jackson, F.L.S. - - p. XVII. An Account of a new Genus of New Holland Plants named Brunonia. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. PLS Da Re ea XVIII. A Description of Duchesnea fragiformis, constitut- ing anew Genus of the Natural Order of Senticose of Linneus, Rosacee of Jussieu. By James Edward Smith, M.D. FAS PES: == 2.0 020 a o XIX. Ob- ‚912 325 333 347 358 365 371 “a CONTENTS. — XIX. Observations on some Species of Menziesia, hitherto considered as belonging to the Genus Andromeda, by Ol. Swartz, M.D. Bergian Professor of Botany at Stock- holm, F.M.L.S. - - - - - ^ p 375 Additional Note by the President E =. Pp. 919 XX. Some Observations on the Genus Andrea; with Descrip- tions of four British Species. By William Jackson Hooker, Esq., F.L.S. = š > = D. 381 XXI. Some Account of an Insect of the Genus Buprestis, taken alive out of Wood composing a Desk which had been made above twenty Years. Ina Letter to Alexander - MacLeay, Esq. F.R.S. and Sec. L.S. by Thomas Marsham, Esq. Treas. L.S. - - ee p. 399 XXII. Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean So- ciety of London - - - - p. 404 Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society, continued from Page 328 of Vol. IX. of the Societys Transac- tions. - - - - - - - - p. 408 List of Donors to the Library of the Linnean Society COSI All Donations to the Museum of the Linnean Society - p. 413 TRANS- TRANSACTIONS OF THE | LINNEAN SOCIETY. I. Characters ofa new Lilidecous Bono called Brodiea. Bi y James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. Read | April 19, 1808. I HAVE had occasion, in seein of the detain ra a calyx and corolla, Introduction to Botany, 263, to advert to a new genus of the liliaceous family, furnished with internal pe- tals. ft consists of two species, both which I have received, in a dry state, from Mr. Menzies, who discovered them in 1792 in New Georgia on the west coast of North America. The same liberal friend, to whom the Linnean Society, as well as myself, has so often been obliged, perceiving I had, in the place above mentioned, fallen into an error respecting the number of the in- ternal petals, which are 3, not 6, has favoured me with his ori- ginal drawings, made from living plants on the spot, with dis- sections. By these I am enabled better to understand the sub- ject than I could from dried specimens, which I had been un- willing to submit to the process of boiling and anatomizing, till I might have occasion to investigate them thoroughly for precise description. Hence the divided inner petals of one of them VOL. X. : B misled 2 Dr. Smıtn’s Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus misled me. Mr. Menzies at the same time has communicated a suggestion of Mr. Salisbury’s, that these supposed petals are barren filaments. It will appear, from the following characters and remarks, how far this idea is probable or not. In the first place, as these plants form a most indubitable new genus, of the Liliaceous, or Patrician, order, I have called it Brodiea, after James Brodie, Esq. F.L.S., of Brodie in North. Britain, a gentleman whose scientific merits, whose various dis- coveries, and whose liberal communications on every occasion tending to elucidate the botany of his country in particular, re- quire no elaborate display before the Linnean Society. ; Bropima TRE aS SEU . Trranpria Monogynia. Sect. 2; flores inferi. Narcıssı. Juss. 54. Sect. 1; germen superum. Calyx nullus. Corolla infera, tubulosa; limbo sexfido, regulari ; corona triphylla in fauce. Capsula trilocularis, polysperma. 1. B. grandiflora*, coronæ foliolis indivisis. Radix bulbosa, globosa, solida, tunicd multiplici, nervoså. Folia bina, radicalia, vaginantia, lineari-lanceolata, acuta, invo- luto-canaliculata, glabra, ferè pedalia. Scapus solitarius, foliis paulò brevior, teres, glaberrimus, subsexflorus, plùs minùs tor- tuosus. Pedicelli umbellati, patentiusculi, filiformes, uniflori, longitudine varii. Bractee ad basin umbellæ, plures, lanceo- latæ, scariosæ, nervosæ, acuminatæ, pedicellis longè plerum- que breviores. Flores Galanthi magnitudine, pulchrè cyanei, erecti. Corolla semisexfida ; tubo pallescente, laciniis regulari- bus, subæqualibus, latò lanceolatis, patenti-recurvis; fauce co- * Hookera coronaria, Salisb. Par. t, 98, rohatá called Brodiaa. | 3 ronatä foliolis tribus, petaloideis, eritis, oblongis, uniformibus, indivisis, dilutè flavescentibus, limbo duplò brevioribus, cum staminibus alternantibus. Filamenta tria, brevissima, fauce, in- ter corone foliola, inserta. Anthere verticales, fulve, oblonge, corona parùm breviores, bilobæ, lobis extùs longitudinalitèr de- hiscentibus, haud absolutè bilocularibus. Germen pedicellatum, elliptico-trigonum, triloculare, seminibus columellæ insertis. Stylus cylindraceus, longit ferè staminum. Stigma trigo- num, trilobum. | di "fade et herba fere prioris. Umbella minor, condensata, brac- teis majoribus, latis, pedicellos. uperantibus. Flores cyanel, co- roná dilutiore, nec flavesce ie, foliolis semibifidis, acutis an- | Hm bo, duplà, "a priore, brevio- The Qe anita leaves, wl ich crown the fube of the corolla in this genus, are, without doubt, analogous to the cup in Nar- cissus, the membranous expansion attached to the base of the stamens in Font ims and still more precisely to what Jussieu nectarium, in Tulbaghia. I see no more reason to reckon. dito e : | 7° one case than i in Be on un, be ucl uch But diedüica cease guards us against this error, pproaches a step nearer to Pancratium and Tulbaghia. Th three ori indeed bear the same relationship to the other - and Quisqualis do to Daphne an e rest of its PERPE order. p2 : If 4 Dr. Smitu’s Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus If the petals of Gnidia prove Daphne to have a coloured calyx, these correspondent parts in the liliaceæ must receive correspon- dent names. Jussieu therefore is consistent when he denomi- nates the analogous part in the Jiliacee and in Daphne a calyx, and so is Linnzus when he calls it in both instances a corolla; but the latter errs against all consistency and analogy when he terms calyx in Gnidia what he had, in the preceding page, named corolla in Daphne. Mr. Salisbury's rule, given in the first paper of our 8th volume, that the stamens are never inserted into the calyx, is one of the best upon the subject, yet not with- out its difficulties, some of which, from a love of truth alone, I beg leave to suggest. If we admit this rule in rosaceous flowers, and the more T have thought on the subject the more I feel disposed to do so, we can hardly allow it in Ribes, whose whole faded calyx, perfectly homogeneous and indivisible, sticks tothe top of the fruit, retaining the withered petals and sta- mens, which are together inserted into its sides. If we say ana- logy proves the lower half of this pretended calyx to be a recep- tacle, a similar mode of reasoning will prove the tube of Pan- cratium, Narcissus, Tulbaghia, and of my JBrodiea to be a re- ceptacle also, the limb only being the calyx, and the crown à | corolla. If this be granted, the lower part of the corolla, as it is usually called, in Hemerocallis, Agapanthus, Amaryllis, Hya- cinthus, &c.; even the claws of such few, if any, polypetalous liliacee as really have their stamens inserted there, must also be a receptacle, and the upper part a calyx ; which is too paradoxi- cal to be allowed. I say nothing of the spatha belonging to some of these liliaceous genera, because even when present I do not think it can invalidate my argument. Their generic charac- ters are independent of it, as those of the umbellifere are of their involucra and involucella. 1 have therefore, in describing rud 1 | = 4 called Brodiea. 5 the Brodiee, used the word bractee instead of spathe, as more agreeable to.nature,. u nun o ay ER These difficulties do not trouble the generality of practical botanists ; but theoretical ones, before they can found new ge- nera, or even understand the old ones to any purpose, are, and always have been, obliged to consider them, and may be glad of any suggestions on subjects concerning which the chief leaders in botany have never agreed together, nor scarcely been consistent with themselves. I am persuaded the line of discrimination betwixt a calyx and corolla is, in many cases, not to be drawn, for this plain reason, that Nature in such cases unites both the parts into one, the inner surface performing the functions of a corolla, the outer those of a calyx. This is a suggestion of Linnzeus, but he has not illustrated it so fully as it deserves. Ineed not repeat here what is already before the public in another place, Introduction to Botany, 264, 266, and 267; nor shall I now add any thing more than a wish, that a subject so interesting to the physiological as well as the systema- tical botanist might be pursued by both to their mutual as- sistance. & no. ir E. F 3 ; “Norwich, March 5, 1808. X. Remarks : 658 3) I]. Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum, or Ass vo waxpo» of Dioscorides ; in a Letter to exander Mac Leay, Esq. Sec. Linn. Soc. By James Edward S, ith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. Read November 1, 1808. — Dear Sin, I sze leave through your hands to welcome my brethren of the Linnean Society on their first . -meeting for. the. ensuing season, and to communicate at the same time an article of. botanical intelligence rather interesting to those who are solicitous about natural genera, as well as to those. who have endeavoured to ascertain the plants of ancient Greek authors. Jacquin in his Hortus Vindobonensis, v. 1. 35. t. .81, has de- scribed and figured a plant by the name of Sempervivum sedi- forme, which subsequent compilers of botanic systems have im- plicitly adopted by that name. It has even found its way into the Hortus Kewensis, v. 2. 149, being far from uncommon in the English gardens, where it flowers copiously every summer in the open ground. The excellent author above mentioned remarks, that “the appearance of its leaves" (he might have. said its — whole habit) “is that of a Sedum,” but that “the flower has “exactly the character of a Sempervivum, the petals being 6 or “7, with broad bases, and an equal number in the parts of * the calyx, as well as the germens, and double the number of “stamens.” He also asserts that “there are no nectariferous ** scales." | me r4 The Dr. Smitu’s Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum. 7 The plant has so entirely the appearance of a Sedum and not of a Sempervivum, and I have always thought those genera so natural, and so well marked by the technical character of nec- tariferous scales at the base of the germen in the former, which the latter wants, that I have often regretted to read Jacquin’s account, which I presumed was correct. But meeting with this plani in Dr. Sibthorp's Greek herbarium, it became necessary to investigate its characters myself. In the winter time I could only examine one of his specimens by means of hot water; but there, to my great satisfaction, I found the nectariferous scales as evident as in any Sedum whatever; and on dissecting living flowers last summer in my garden, the same character was every where obvious. In number of parts indeed this flower wanders a little from the character of that genus, and from its class De- candria, having often, when cultivated, as many petals, sta- mens and pistils as Jacquin describes, or even more, though this is chiefly the case in the first flowers of the cyme, and not so much in the external ones. I have therefore introduced the . plant in question into thé second part of the Prodromus Flore Grece, p. 312, by the name of SEDUM OCHROLEUCUM, foliis glaucis sparsis acutis: inferioribus teretibus; superioribus ellipticis depressis, laciniis calycinis acutiusculis, It is curious that Linnzus, in a manuscript note, has referred this plant of Jacquin to his own Sedum rupestre, a very different species, which he had adopted from Dillenius’s Hortus Eltham- ensis; see Engl. Bot. t. 170 and t. 1802. Dr. Sibthorp, who was well acquainted with his learned friend Jacquin's plant, mentions it in his papers as one of the most common 8 Dr. Smırn’s Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum. common species in various parts of the continent of Greece, as well as in almost all the Greek islands, growing on rocks and walls near the sea-side. At Athens it is pounded and applied as a cooling cataplasm to bruises or to gouty limbs, being called Koaaweide by the Athenians of the present day. Its most general names however in modern Greek are Awaguryro and Zrapuraxı. The three species of Aswo or Sempervivum in Dioscorides seem to have been misunderstood. The Ist, A&Ze» vo meya, hi- therto taken by Matthiolus and others for the Common House- leek, Sempervivum tectorum, is justly referred by Dr. Sibthorp, as well as Clusius, to Sempervidum arboreum, with which the de- scription of Dioscorides, more full than usual, most admirably agrees, and not at all with the tectorum. The 2d, Asılwov ro paxgoy, or Sempervivum minus, was taken by Matthiolus for Sedum „album, and by Dr. Sibthorp, not without much doubt, for Sem- pervivum hirtum; but I have no scruple at all in referring it to my present Sedum ochroleucum, a plant probably not known to Matthiolus. Dioscorides says “ it grows on walls, stones and * banks, as well as about sbady enclosures. Several slender “stems,” he adds, “spring from one root, thickly encompassed * with little round succulent sharp-pointed leaves. It throws * out, moreover, a stem towards the middle, about a span high, * with an umbel of slender (greenish or) pale yellowish flowers. * Its leaves have the same virtues with the former."—'The virtues alluded to of * the former," or Sempervivum arboreum, are cool- ing and astringent; whence Dioscorides recommends that plant in infammatory eruptions and the gout, for which the Sedum ochroleucum is used at present, as mentioned above. The 3d, AsıZwov treo, which is described as * heating, acrid * and exulcerating, with very small thick leaves," seems to be Sedum acre, as Matthiolus and Clusius judged, though Dr. Sib-’ ITEM ae thorp Dr. Surrn's Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum. 9 thorp took it for our Sedum ochroleucum, on the authority of a figure in the celebrated Imperial manuscript of Dioscorides at Vienna, which he considered as of great authority. The quali- ties however recorded of this 3d AsZwor are quite at variance with those which Dr. Sibthorp himself attributes to the Sedum ochroleucum, and which agree with those ascribed by Dioscorides to his second species. i H | I remain, = | ER i . J. E. SMITH — Norwich, October 28, 1808. — eit uo LAE (0s er x. p — e 4 610 ) ee II. A Determination of Three British Specie I. of Juncus, with Jointed Leaves. By the Rev. Hugh nn 5 EA ie E ; Read November 1, 1808... Ix the course of a morning's walk having been fortunate in an opportunity of examining the knotty-leaved division of the ge- nus Juncus, by finding all the species on nearly the same spot, I am induced to request leave to lay before a Linnean Berto the result of my observations. | Ä lere then I must premise, that the want of an opportamty of examining them in a proper state, and comparing them together, I take to have been the cause that what seem to me to be di- stinct species have been treated as varieties only, by men of eminence in the science of botany. In consequence of the attention which I bestowed on them, I am much inclined to suppose that I can determine into three very distinct species, what have been deemed ¢wo varieties only of the species J. articulatus, Linn. Sp. PL, Sm. Fl. Brit., and Leers Fl. Herborn.; but are considered as two species, indeed, . by Dr. Sibthorp, viz. compressus and nemorosus ; and two species, likewise, by Mr. Relhan, viz. compressus and articulatus. My three species I shall at present distinguish NT, e COND, and THIRD. | In the rrrst the branches of the panicle are strong, erect, fewer, and less diffuse than in the other two; the capsule is large, of a deep reddish brown colour, and finely glossed; of s ai V c Mr. Davizs’s Determination of Three British Species of Juncus. 11 an oval triangular shape, terminated by a short blunt point; the stalk of 4—6 joints. - This is Juncus articulatus, Fl. Brit., Fl. Herborn.; and c com- pressus of Sibthorp and Relhan. - Moris, s. 8. t. 9. f. 2. Scheuchz. 931. 1. AR. Syn. 433. 8. but I cannot refer to the m PL, where the definition. is petalis obtusis. In the secoND the panicle is more branched, “the Ste oa more slender, and spreading, the divisions of the calyx nar- rower and longer, the capsule smaller, much more taper-pointed, and lighter-coloured; culm of fewer joints, that, and the leaves, less compressed. It is a taller plant, sometimes above. three, feet high, and it ripens later. This I take to be Moris. s. 8. 1.9. f. 1. certainly Scheuchzer, p. 334. 4. who says: “ Calami tribus quatuorve communiter ge- niculis distincti,——Flosculi nunc dilutids nunc obscuriüs fusci aut spadicei,——Vasculum seminale triquetrum, in acutum. mu- cronem terminatum." It is likewise J. articulatus of Relhan; and nemorosus of Sibthorp. My rurrp differs from both the former in several particulars: —The panicle is much lighter-coloured ; the peduncles, which are divaricated, and even bent back, are evidently thicker than those of the seconp, the panicle of which resembles this more than that of the rırst. Then the smallest capsule of this ;—the pale-coloured bunches of florets,—and particularly the elliptic obtuse segments of the calyx, with a broad scariose margin, fully distinguish it from the other two. It is, besides, a firmer plant, the nodes in the leaves being scarcely perceptible with- out a considerable degree of pressure ;—the culm and leaf are quite round, and it never has more than two joints in the stalk} I find no description of this species besides the short one in Fl. Brit. articulati var. 8. “ culmo erectiore, panicula ramosiori, A c2 floribus. 12 - . Mr. Davızs’s Determination of floribus minoribus, pallidioribus et obtusioribus.” At the same time I cannot admit it to be these following, which are there re- ferred to, viz. Moris. s. 8. t. 9. f. 1. nor Relhan's articulatus, who gives his from Leers, petala acutissima. Nor is it R. Syn. 433. No. 9. entirely ;—it is Doody’s plant there mentioned, which he tells us he found in Peckham-field, “cum glumis albis." - It may, by the definition, be Haller’s plant, No. 1323, * foliis tere- tibus articulatis, panicula repetito-ramosa ;” but his description evidently comprehends the secon as well as this. ^ Withering's 5th var. of articulatus, p. 347. * husks white,” seems to be this ‚plant. These references prove that this species has not hitherto escaped notice ;; but I wonder that the character, from whence I was inclined to take its trivial name, has not been noted by any writer I have seen! As I wished to avoid the confusion which naturally arises from repeatedly changing names, my design was to have named the three species;—the First, compressus; the sECOND, nemo- rosus—both after Dr. Sibthorp; and my truirn, divaricatus—a trivial appellation which I think particularly suitable to it. I communicated this my idea, of three species, to my respected friend Dr. Smith, who gave it as his opinion that they ought to be separated, and that the same thought had occurred to Ehr- hart, who has made three species of them, under the following names :—lampocarpus, (my FIRST); acutiflorus, (my SECOND); obtusiflorus, (my THIRD); which accord exactly with my no- tion. | He ho usb HERE These names I now adopt; and, as I have not seen Ehrhart's definitions, I define them as follows. - br bujio . JUNCUS, peque Three British Species of Juncus. 13 Juncus, &c. ** Culmis foliosis. + Foliis nodoso-articulatis. US lampocarpus. J. foliis compressis, paniculà terminali compositá Ehrh. Calam. erectä, calycis foliolis tribus exterioribus ovato- No. 126. lanceolatis, acuminatis; interioribus, scarioso- marginatis obtusiusculis, capsulä ovata triquetrá stylo brevi terminata fusco-purpureä nitida, cul- . mo 3—6-folio. acutiflorus. J. folis compressiusculis, paniculä terminali su- Ehrh. Calam. pradecompositä diffusà, calycis foliolis omnibus No. 66. lanceolatis acuminatis, capsulä ovato-oblongá triquetrá mucronata, culmo 3—4-folio. © obtusiflorus. J. foliis terretibus, paniculä terminali suprade- Ehrh. Calam. _compositä, pedunculis divaricato-refractis ! caly- No. 16. cis foliolis ellipticis.obtusis, capsulà ovato-acu- minata triquetrá, culmo bifolio ! . The capsules of /ampocarpus are by much the largest; those of'aculiflorus are evidently larger, and more elongated, than those of obtusiflorus ; (i. e.) the largest and strongest plant bears the smallest capsule. | The branches of the panicle in lampocarpus are sometimes but once divided, but frequently twice, and even thrice, as well as in the two other species. When lampocarpus happens, from. some accidental cause; to flower late in the season, so as not to perfect its large and po- = EDER it may be distinguished by a disposition to be- | come 14 Mr. Davızs’s Determination of Three British Species of Juncus. come viviparous, and branching at the joints,—a property which I never observed in either of the other two species. Another character whereby obtusiflorus may be known, even at a distance, is, that where it is found in any plenty, a number of the panicles are frequently seen entangled together, so as not easily to be disengaged; this proceeds from the extreme divari- cation of the branches of the panicle, ti (23) IV. On the Proteaceae of Jussieu. By Mr. Robert Brown, Lib. L.S. Read Jan. 17, 1800. Tue Linnean system of botany, though confessedly artificial, has not only contributed more than all others to facilitate the . knowledge of species, but, by constantly directing the attention to those essential parts of the flower on which it is founded, has made us acquainted with more of their important modifications than we probably should have known, had it not been generally adopted, and has thus laid a more solid foundation for the esta- blishment of a natural arrangement, the superior importance of which no one has — more fully impressed vith than Linneus himself. | | -There are still, however, certain circumstances respecting the . stamina and pistilla, which appear to me to have been much less attended to than they deserve, both by Linneus and succeeding botanists. What I chiefly allude to is the state of these organs before the expansion of the flower. The utility of ascertaining the internal condition of the ovarium before foecundation viti hardly be called in question, now that the immortal works of Gertner and Jussieu have demonstrated the necessity of minutely studying the fruits of plants in attempting to arrange them ac- cording to the sum of their affinities, as in many cases the true nature of the ripe fruit, especially with respect to the placenta- tion of the seeds, can only be determined by this means. Its importance is indeed expressly inculcated by many botanists, | who, 16 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. who, however, have frequently neglected it in practice: nor do I find any one who has steadily kept it in view, except Aubert Du Petit-Thouars in his excellent work on the plants of Mada- gascar and the Isles of France and Bourbon. The bursting of the anthere has, it is true, been generally observed, and many of its most unusual modes have been in- troduced into the characters of genera; but the examination of these organs, at a still earlier period, has been universally neg- lected; and hence the very imperfect knowledge which, even now, is possessed of their real nature in two of the most re- markable families of plants, the Orchidex and Asclepiadez. Examples of the great advantage of observing the antherz in this early stage will hereafter be given in my general remarks on the order which is the proper subject of this essay. But I trust I shall be pardoned for here introducing some account of their structure in Asclepiadez, as it will enable me not only to bring forward the most striking proof of the importance of this consi- deration with which I am acquainted, but also, as I apprehend, to decide a question which has long occupied, and continues to divide, the most celebrated botanists. The point in dispute is whether this order, comprehending Asclepias, Cynanchum, Pergularia, Stapelia, and several genera, at present confounded with these, ought to be referred to Pentan- dria or Gynandria, and, if to the latter, whether the antherz are to be considered as five or ten; all of which opinions have had advocates of the greatest name in the science. - According to Linnzus, Jussieu and Richard they belong to Pentandria. - i pi pnr get d Linnzus has assigned no reason for his opinion, which, how- | ever, it appears he retained after he became acquainted with the observations of Jacquin and Rottboell; but it is probable he . | | was * Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 17 was induced to adopt it more from the consideration of the close analogy these plants have with the manifestly pentandrous Apocinee, than from regarding them as strictly referable .to this class ; for, in his natural generic characters of Asclepiasand Pergu- laria, he very clearly describes both these genera as gynandrous. Jussieu has entered more fully into the subject, but seems also to have been chiefly guided by this analogy and the observations of others; as he concludes by expressing his doubts, respecting both the origin and use of the parts. Richard, whose description of these organs I find in Persoon's Synopsis, has indeed come nearer to the solution of the question; his account, however, of the origin of the lateral processes here- after mentioned, proves that this description was not altogether formed on actual observation. Jacquin, the first botanist that submitted these plants to mi- nute examination, and whose figures well illustrate most. points of their structure, has adopted a very different opinion, referring them to Gynandria, in which he is followed by Koelreuter, Rottboell and Cavanilles, all of whom likwise agree with him in cousidering them as decandrous; while Dr. Smith, in his late. valuable Introduction to Botany, who conceives that “ no: plants can be more truly. gynandrous," regards them as having only five anther. And lastly Desfontaines supposes the five glands of the stigma to be the true anther, considering the attached masses of pollen as mere appendages to these. _ All the authors who thus refer them to Gynandria seem quite confident in the justness of their views; and yet the inspection of a single flower bud overturns, as it appears to me, with irre- sistible evidence, the conclusion t ey had formed from premises apparently so;satisfactorys60i-0s uoo) cues oos — My attention, while in New Holland, having been much en- MOL D gaged 18 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. gaged by the plants of this family, the species in that continent being both numerous and with difficulty reducible to established genera: I there observed the following facts concerning them, all of which I have, since my return to England, confirmed by the examination of different species of the same tribe. | The observations of Jacquin on this subject being generally known, it must be unnecessary to enter into a minute description of those organs which are well exhibited by his figures in every respect, except as to the origin of the supposed anthere. _ If a flower bud of any plant of this family, while scarcely half the size it attains immediately before expansion, be carefull y examined, it will be found that the polleniferous sacs, as they are termed by Jacquin and his followers, in which they suppose the antherze to be merely immersed, are really the organs by which the foecundating matter is secreted: for at this period they are perfectly closed, and consequently all communication cut off between the stigma and their contents now consisting of a turbid fluid or pulpy mass. If the stigma be at the same time observed, the gland-like bodies which originate in its grooved angles are already visible; but, instead of having the cartilaginous or horny texture which they at length acquire, are as yet semi-fluid, and of hardly a determinate form. Near the base of each side of these grooves a more superficial depression is observable, which, though in some cases extremely short, is in others of considerable length, and generally forms a right angle with the corresponding groove. . In these depressions, the processes by which, at a more advanced stage, the contents of the anther are connected with the stigma, are immersed, and at this period they are found to be semi-fluid. By degrees the glands, as well as their lateral processes, acquire a firmer consistence; and the inferior or outer extremity of each of the processes, being extended beyond its de- | | pression Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 19 pression or furrow, on the bursting of the opposite cell of the corresponding anthera, firmly attaches itself to its contents, now . become a regular mass of a waxy consistence. If the accuracy of this statement be admitted, it will probably be allowed that the Asclepiadee cannot be regarded as gynan- drous, especially in the sense in which they are so considered by botanists; but lest it should not be thought completely satisfac- tory; it may be added, that in a still earlier stage of the flower bud I have found the foecundating matter already secreted in the cells of the àntherz, while the glands of the stigma, as well as their processes, were absolutely invisible. ^. . As to the question of their being pentandrous or eG El every analogy must lead us to refer them to the former class; nor indeed have they, when not considered as painin been ever supposed to belong to Decandria. DESDE. _ An ceconomy, in many respects similar to that now. díbonibid; obtains also in Orchidez, in which, however, the processes con- necting the anthere with the stigma, where they exist, are in many cases derived from the masses of pollen themselves ; but in others they as certainly originate from the stima, or its einsdajur appendage. — | H - The result of my Fatis ah these two inteseil lido of en I hope hereafter to submit to the Society; and I now varii to the vsum jen of the pupa: pner 7 The | Se of re or, as it is ides cxneptionsbhr called, Prorsacrsx, was first established in the Genera Planta- rum of the celebrated Jussieu ; and the description there prefixed to it will, with a few alterations, still apply to the order, now that it has received so many additions, not only in species, but in mid distinct genera, several of which were first published by "X oe Dr. Smith 20 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. Dr. Smith, in the 4th vol. of the Society’s Transactions, and others are in the present paper submitted to the consideration of botanists. : The general description and definition of the order will be most advantageously placed at the head of its systematic arrange- ment; before entering upon which, I shall offer some remarks on its geographical distribution, and likewise on such modi- fications of structure in the different organs as appear to be of the greatest importance in indicating or characterizing genera. . The geography of plants being as yet in its infancy, the smallest addition to our knowledge of a subject which promises to become of considerable importance, will probably be received with indulgence; and in this persuasion I venture to make the following observations on the order before us. In the first place, it is remarkable that the PRorEACEZ are almost entirely confined to the southern hemisphere. This observation originated with Mr. Dryander, and the few exceptions hitherto known to it, occur considerably within the tropic. "The fact is the more de- serving of notice, as their diffusion is very extensive in the southern hemisphere, not merely in latitude and longitude, but also in elevation; for they are not only found to exist in all the great southern continents, but seem to be generally, though very unequally, spread over their different regions: they have been observed also in the larger islands of New Zealand and New Caledonia; but hitherto neither in any of the lesser ones, nor in Madagascar. As in America, they have been found in Terra del Fuego, in Chili, Perü, and even Guiana, it is reasonable to conclude that the intermediate regions are not entirely destitute of them. But with respect to this continent, it may be observed, that the number of species seems to be com paratively small, their organization but little varied; and further, that they have a is much Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 21 much greater affinity with those of New Holland than of Africa. Of the botany of South Africa, scarce any thing is REIS, except that of the Cape of Good Hope, where this family occurs in the greatest abundance and variety; but even from the single fact of a genuine species of Protea having been found in Abys- sinia by Bruce, it may be presumed, that in some degree they are also spread over this continent. With the shores, at least, of New Holland, under which I include Van Diemen's Island, we are now somewhat better ac- -quainted, and in EYEN; known part of these, Proteaceæ have been, met with. | f . But it appears that, both in Africa and New Holland, the great mass of the order exists about the latitude of the Cape of Good Hope; in which parallel it forms a striking feature i in the vegetation of both continents. What I am about to advance repecting the probable distribu- tion of this family in New Holland, must be very cautiously re- ceived ; as it is in fact chiefly deduced from the remarks I have myself made in captain Flinders’s Voyage, and subsequently during my short stay in the settlements of New South Wales and Van Diemen’s Island, aided by what was long ago ascertained by Sir Joseph Banks, and by a very transitory inspection of an herba- rium collected on the west coast, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Shark’s Bay, by the botanists attached to the expedition of captain Baudin. -From knowledge so PUMA $ am inclined to hazard the fol- lowing observations. _ "The mass of the order, though. Steading through the whole of the parallel already mentioned, is by no means equal in every part of it; but on the south-west coast forms a more decided : feature 92 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. feature in the vegetation of the country, and contains a far greater number of species than on the east:—and in that part of the south coast, which was first examined by captain Flinders, it seems to be more scanty than at either of the extremes. On the west coast also, the species upon the wholeare more simi- lar to those of Africa than on the east, where they bear a somewhat greater resemblance to the American portion of the order. From the parallel of the mass, the order diminishes in both directions; but the diminution towards the north is probably more rapid on the east than on the west coast. Within the tropic, on the east coast, no genera have hitherto been observed, which are not also found beyond it; unless that section of Grevillea, which I have called Cycloptere, be considered asa genus. Whereas at the southern limit of the order several genera make their appearance, which do not occur in its chicf parallel. üesibun: ? QEON . The most numerous genera are also the most widely diffused. Thus Grevillea, Hakea, Banksia, and Persoonia, extensive in species in the order in which they are here mentioned, are spread nearly in the same proportion; and they are likewise the only genera that have as yet been observed within the tropic. - Of such of the remaining genera, as consist of several species, some, as Isopogon, Petrophila, Conospermum, and Lambertia, are found in every part of the principal. parallel, but bardly exist beyond it. Others, as Josephia and. Synaphea, equally limited to this parallel, have been observed only towards its western ex- tremity ; while Embothrium (comprehending for the present un- der this name all the many-seeded plants of the order), which is chiefly found on. the east coast, and makes very little progress towards the west, advances to the utmost limit of south latitude, and there ascends to the summits of the highest mountains. _ = : Genera Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 23 Genera consisting of one or very few species, and which ex- - hibit generally the most remarkable deviations from the usual structure of the order, are the most local, and are found either in the principal parallel, or in the highest latitude. - ` The range of species in the whole of the order seems to be very limited; and the few cases which may be considered as ex- ceptions to this, occur in the most extensive genera, and in such of their species as are most strictly natives of the shores. Thus Banksia integrifolia, which grows more within the influence of the sea than any plant of the order, is probably also the most widely extended, at least in one direction, being found within the tropic, and in as high a latitude as 40°. It is remarkable, however, that with so considerable a range in latitude, its ex- tension in longitude is comparatively small: and it is still more worthy of notice, that no species of this family has been found common to the eastern and western shores of New Holland. - The celebrated traveller Humboldt is the first who has ex- f mens pointed out a remarkable difference i in the distribution of the species of plants. He observes that, while the greater number grow irregularly icaticnp and mixed with each other, there are some which form considerable masses, or even extensive tracts, to the nearly ab- solute exclusion of other species. Of plants growing thus in society, the greater number occur in the temperate zones ; and of these, the most decided instances will readily present them- selves to every botanist. I venture to add, that such as exist within the tropic, are found, either at considerable heights or on the sea-shores. - To this class very few of the Proteacez can be said to belong. Protea videres of Linnzus is the most striking example among di 24. Mr. Brown, ou the Proteacee of Jussieu. the African species; and my friend Mr. Ferdinand Bauer has observed a similar tendency in Protea mellifera. Among the New Holland species, Banksia speciosa is the sole instance, and even that only in certain circumstances, of this manner of growth. | The favourite station of Proteacex is in dry stony exposed places, especially near the shores, where they occur also, though more rarely, in loose sand. Scarcely any of them require shelter, and none a good soil. A few are found in wet bogs, or even in shallow pools of fresh water; and one, the Embothrium ferrugi- neum of Cavanilles, grows, according to him, in salt marshes. Respecting the height to which plants of this order ascend, a few facts are already known. The authors of the Flora Peruviana mention, in general terms, several species as being alpine; and Humboldt, in his valuable Chart of /Equinoctial Botany, has given the mean height of Embothrium emarginatum about 9300 feet, assigning it a range of only 300 feet. On the summits of the mountains of Van Diemen's Island, in about 43? south lati- tude, at the computed height of about 4000 feet, I have found species of Embothrium, as well as other genera hitherto observed in no other situation. Embothrium, however, as it is the most southern genus of any extent, so it is also, as might have been presumed, the most alpine of the family. dum A Two genera only of this order are found in more than one . continent: Rhopala, the most northern genus, which, though chiefly occurring in America, is to be met with also in Cochin- - china and in the Malay Archipelago; and Embothrium, the most southern genus of any extent, is common to New Holland and America. ——— EC cu From Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 25 From this account of the geographical distribution of the Proteacex, I proceed to make some general remarks on the structure and modifications of their different parts. The order, which consists of shrubs of the most rigid nature, or of trees of moderate size, contains also one herbaceous plant, my Symphio- nema paludosum, which however, except in this respect and in the union of the tops of its filaments, does not remarkably differ from the usual structure of the family. DIU The pubescence, which is very general in the order, consists either of a short and in many cases nearly impalpable tomentum, or of soft hairs which are either spreading, close pressed, or somewhat crisped, generally simple, but in some genera fixed by the middle, and in a very few cases glandular. ; The existence or absence of pubescence in the adult leaves cannot always be depended upon in distinguishing species ; but the short tomentum, especially of their under surface, is ‘of greater consequence than the spreading hairs. In the bractex more reliance may be placed on it, and in the different parts of the flower I have never hesitated to employ it in my specific characters. In the calyx I have even derived the greatest ad- vantage in some difficult genera, especially Serruria, from at- tending to its differences in direction. cds aad Mr. Salisbury has introduced the pubescence of fruit into se- veral of his generic characters, and in some I think with evi- dent advantage, but in such only as where from its abundance and length it performs a function of manifest importance in assist- ing dissemination : hence I conceive it may be safely admitted into the characters of Protea and Isopogon ; but I can perceive no advantage whatever in employing it in those of Serruria and Spatalla. For this reason too it ought not to be used in the capsular or drupaceous genera, in which indeed experience VOL. x. E proves 26 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. proves it to be of no further moment than in distinguishing species. grag Dr. Smith has given it as his opinion, that from the disposition of leaves in New Holland plants no conclusion can safely be drawn as to their genera. "This remark however appears to me only applicable to certain families, or rather genera; for in many tribes the plants of that country are altogether as constant in their leaves as in any other part of the world. In proof of this, it may be sufficient to mention the order Rubiacex; and there are many others in which I find nothing at all — in this respect. | As to Proteacex, it must be acknowledged that in Banksia both verticillated and scattered leaves occur; but the leaves constantly in tbrees in Lambertia seems to me a circumstance of even greater importance than the number of flowers in the in- volucrum; and the opposite leaves of S M EADE M at once both from Rhopala and Hakea. s | | Although the form and divisions of leaves in the order are va- riable in no common degree, yet there are certain genera, botli among those of Africa and New Holland, which the leaves even m these respects assist in indicating. Thus; in that genus to which I have applied the name of Protea (the Erodendrum of . Mr. Salisbury), and I believe also in my Leucadendron, there is no instance of a divided or toothed leaf; thus also the leaves of Spatalla are filiform and undivided, and those of Serruria fili- form and almost always pinnatifid. ''Pheir dichotomous divisions in Simsia and Franklandia are still more characteristic ; and their division and remarkable -GST aedi pita Acer Spi from Conospermum. — 3 The inflorescence in ae whatever use wes may think proper to make of it in their generic characters, is of un- doubted Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 27 doubted importance in determining genera, and even in the pri- mary division of the order it appears to be of nearly equal con- sequence with the fruit itself; for, in dividing the order into two sections from the structure of the ovarium, it will be found that while all the single-seeded genera have each flower subtended by a proper bractea, or more rarel y are without one, those with two or more seeds have, with very few exceptions, the flowers of their spikes or clusters disposed in pairs, each pair being furnished with only one bractea common to both flowers: it may also be observed that all the American and two thirds of the N ew Holland species have this mode of inflorescence, while only one instance of it occurs in Africa. | 1 me dh The single envelope of the stamina and pistillum in Proteacex I have, with Jussieu, denominated CALYX, chiefly because the stamina, of equal number with its laciniz, are constautly op- posite to them, and from the close analogy subsisting between this family and that of Thymelee, in which I believe the greater number of botanists will allow that this envelope is really calyx: and as this latter argument may be considered as the stronger, I shall endeavour to establish the identity of this or- gan in these two families. In several of the Thymelec, especially in Pimelea, the lower part of the tube of the calyx is, as it were, jointed with the upper; after the falling off of which, it remains surrounding the fruit: this is also the case in several genera of Proteacez, as in Adenanthos of Labillardiere, in Isopogon, in Gre- villea Chrysodendron, and still more remarkably in Franklandia, in which the persistent tube becomes indurated and even nearly woody, a change surely not likely to take place in a genuine corolla. But though I have thus adopted the language of Jussieu, I am decidedly of opinion that, in all families having asingle en- — A £9 ee = velope, 28 Mr.,Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. velope, it will be still better to call it perianthium or perigoniam, _ which latter term was proposed by Ehrhart, and is adopted by Decandolle. | | A circumstance meriting the attention of the theoretical bota- nist, respecting the calyx in this order, is its invariable division into four leaves or segments ; for the single exception noted by Linnzus in his description of the male flowers of Brabejum, he himself seems afterwards to have distrusted, from the manner in which.he has introduced it into the amended generic character given in the Mantissa; and I may add, that in nearly 400 species of the order, which I have examined, I have not met with a single exception to this rule. ' . With this. uncommon constancy in point of number, it is re- markable that there is, in the whole order, a strong tendency to irregularity in form, the various kinds of which are. of. great im- portance in characterizing genera. barm an | b - Before the expansion of the calyx.the margins of its segments are applied to each other; and from the unequal degrees of co- hesion in many cases subsisting among them after expansion, se- veral kinds of irregularity arise. I am not sure that any term has been contrived for this manner of estivation, except it be the @stivatio valvata of Linn:us ; but as he has not defined it, and. as his commentator Reuss has given the very different »stivation of grasses as an example, I have, in introducing this circumstance into the general description of the order, specified it at length. - From the colour of the calyx, many genera of Proteacex are indicated with tolerable certainty. Thus Synaphea is distinguished from Conospermum by its yellow. flowers; and no instance of yellow flowers has been met with in the numerous genera Serruria and Spatalla, nor any of purple in Leucadendron. In some ge- dre nera Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 29 nera however, as in Banksia and Isopogon, it is evidently of very little importance. redditae : ! The fleshy or scale-like bodies, which surround the ovarium in the. greater number of plants of. this family, are in many cases so manifestly secreting organs, that it is surprising Mr. Salisbury should hesitate in considering them as nectaria, and denominate them calli; a term which excludes the idea of secretion. But whatever. their functions inay be, great assistance may certainly be derived from their various modifications, in distinguishing ge- nera. Their importance however in this respect, like that of all. other. parts, not only in this, but, as I apprehend, in every natural family, is very unequal, and in some cases seems to be entirely lost. Thus, in the genus Leucadendron as it is here constituted, they are wanting in several species, and in some. I am inclined to think exist only in the males. ig, In most of the regular-flowered genera they are four in number, and alternate with the leaves or lacinie of the calyx. In these genera they are also generally in the form of succulent scales, distinct, or more rarely cohering at their base, and in a very few instances adhering to the calyx; but in Persoonia they are nearly round and fleshy, and in Bellendena, Symphionema; | Simsia, Agastachya, Petrophila, and Isopogon, they «are entirely wanting. | Anas Fiese net er A In the irregular-flowered genera with two or.many seeds their number is less than four, in most cases only one exists, in a few others three, and in some none. 2 Yk Tem -Varieties in the structure or apparent origin of the stamina, afford, as might be expected, important generic characters. Their usual insertion in ‘the order is in the concave tops of the lacini of the calyx ; all considerable deviations from which may safely be. employed in characterizing genera. In this way Rho- pala, 50 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. pala; Xylomelum, and Lambertia are readily distinguished from Embothrium, Grevillea, and Hakea; and thus also Persoonia and Brabejum remarkably differ from Gevuina; while Bellendena differs from all others in having its stamina distinct from the calyx, affording however an indication of the real origin of these organs in the whole family. | The deviations from the usual structure of ANTHER in this order are not many; but some of them. are of so singular a nature as to constitute the essential characters of the genera in which they take place. These genera are Simsia, Conospermum, aud _ Synaphea, all of which are most truly syngenesious; for not only do their anthere firmly cohere together, but the corresponding lobes of these being, when considered separately, entirely open, are so applied to each other as to form but one cell, without a trace of any intermediate membrane. In Simsia the four anthere are perfect, each consisting, as in the rest of the order, of two lobes, and therefore the whole before bursting coustitute four cells. Whereas in Conospermum and Synaphea one filament is entirely barren, the two lateral ones have each a single-lobed anthera, and the fourth alone is perfect: hence before bursting the whole form only two cells. _ This remarkable structure, which can only be ascertained be- fore the opening of the calyx, necessarily escaped Dr. Smith in describing his Conospermum, for Í conclude he had only the ex- panded flower before him, and the appearance of the antherz in this state after their separation justifies him in referring the genus to Tetrandria: but according to the view now given of its struc- . ture, it can have no other pretension to a place in this class than its belonging to Proteacex ; and the order Syngenesia Monogamia being abolished, it must be referred to Triandria. = The only REDE En in these parts occurs in Frank- landia, Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 31 * landia, and consists in the anthera, or rather that portion of the filament on which it is fixed, adhering to the calyx through its wbole length. The figure of the porteN has been attended to by a few ios retical, but by hardly any practical botanists; yet I am inclined to think, not only from its cohsideration in this family, but in many others, that it may be consulted with advantage in fixing our notions of the limits of genera: and though its minuteness may perhaps always exclude it from a place in generic characters, yet it well deserves, to use the words of Linnazus sten speaking of habit, to be ** occulte consulendus." - | Its usual figure in the order is triangular with secreting angles, a beautiful contrivance for insuring impregnation in a tribe, in which, from the very scanty, or in many cases apparent want of secretion by the stigma, it must otherwise have been very uncertain; for by this form and secretion, as well as by the sin- gular ceconomy of the calyx, it remains so long in contact with the stigma, as probably to compensate for the somewhat de- fective structure of that organ. — ; From this figure the principal deviation is in the extensive genera Banksia and Josephia, in all of which it is elliptical or oblong, and either straight or bent into a semilunar form; and in Franklandia and Aulax, where it is spherical. The only remaining exception with which I am acquainted is the original Embothrium of Forster, his E. coccineum, in which, as in Banksia, it is oblong; a circumstance that, together with the more im- portant character of a regular club-shaped stigma, and some other differences, has determined me to separate it from all the other species of Embothrium, except E. lanceolatum of are Peru- viana, whose pollen however remains to be examined. - | The external modifications of the ovarıum must be very cautiously 32 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. cautiously used in the generic characters of this family ; even its being sessile or pedicellated is not always of sufficient import- ance, though I think Mr. Salisbury has done well in introducing it into his characters of Serruria and Spatalla, in both which genera I had overlooked it before the publication of his Essay. Its internal structure, which ought always to be ascertained, will be found of the greatest importance in most cases, but fails in Persoonia, the species of which differ in having one or two seeds: it would seem however, in this case, that an irregularity in a point of such importance could not take place unaccom- panied with other anomalies in the same organ, and accordingly such are found to exist in this genus, and will be mentioned whettreating of the fruit./ mature is | . Besides number, the insertion of die ovela ds. T to bie at- tended to; for though this may generally be presumed trom the situation of the radicula in the ripe seed, yet to this criterion there are several exceptions, even in the present order: thus, while the radicula constantly points downward in the whole of the order, the insertion of the ovulum is in many cases at the top or side of the cell of the ovarium. My observations on this sub- ject are as yet ‘incomplete ; ; but, from those that I have made, I am inclined to think such differences will be connected with genera, or rather perhaps with particular kinds of fruit. Thus I conjecture, in Leucospermum, Mimetes, a and antes, the insertion to be uniformly lateral. - wy feiss The sTyLe, though not subject to nh pacem this family, wil be found in a few cases to furnish generic characters. ‘Thus in Protea, strictly so called, the. persistent subulate style forms an important part of its character: and the persistency of the whole of the style in the greater number of species of Gre- s nitie will — be used u future botanists.in. distinguishing aue x :,4hem Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu, 38 them from that remarkable section of the genus, which I have at- present united with them and called Cycloptere. Its length also, when compared with that of the calyx, seems in some cases to be of importance, as in distinguishing Adenanthos from Spatalla; but in general this circumstance can hardly be had recourse to except in specific characters. The form of the st1iGMa is in many cases of considerable im- portance in characterizing genera, a fact which could not escape the penetration of Dr. Smith when establishing his new genera of this order: thus its conical papilla in his Conchium (the Hakea of Schrader) will in many, though certainly not in all cases, distinguish it from Grevillea: but its form in both these genera will readily serve to separate them from Xylomelum and Rhopala; and thus also Spatalla remarkably differs from Adenanthos. Upon the whole, however, it seems that its obliquity is of greater import- ance than its form; for this, when existing in any great degree, is generally accompanied with a corresponding irregularity in the calyx: but as this irregularity is produced for the purpose of bringing all the antherze into contact with the stigma, so its obli- quity in the dioicous genera Leucadendron and Aulav is not at- tended with so great a degree of irregularity, which would here serve no end, impregnation depending on the pollen of different individuals, to insure which the surface of the stigma in these genera is rough with papule; a circumstance that, together with its — readil y a them from all others of the order. - In — the inigi or summit of the sie inosculates with the divisions of the barren filament, which in some species appear beyond it in horn-like processes, but in others are en- tirely lost in its substance. I am acquainted with nothing like this in the whole vegetable kingdom; and such a singularity ‘VOL, X. F 2 alone, 34 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. alone, when occurring in several species, would have determined me to separate these plants from Conospermum: but being also ac- companied by other remarkable differences, both. of structure and appearance, no genus, I apprehend, can be better founded than this. That the opinion of Christian Knaut and Yeu responi the non-existence of naked seeds is correct when anatomically considered, there can be no doubt; but the practical utility of deviating in this subject from the common language of ‘botanists may still be questioned: and accordingly Gertner, who was fully aware of the truth of their position, has nevertheless con- tinued to describe the seeds of many plants as naked. I con- fess however I am inclined to adopt the opposite decision of the French botanists, at the head of whom is Richard, who has also proposed terms for distinguishing the various species hitherto confounded under the name of naked seeds. The fruit of the monospermous genera of Proteaces. might probably be with advantage referred to that which he has termed dhena ; -but as Į am unwilling in the present paper to adopt any term not more generally sanctioned and understood than this, I shall content myself with calling those nuces, which are either not at all or but shghtly compressed and not bordered; and apply the term samara to such as are either very much compressed, or with a less remarkable compression are surrounded or terminated by a membranaceous border: that I regard these distinctions how- ever as in some cases of very little importance, may be inferred. from this, that my genus Leucadendron includes both these kinds of fraitic:ss dr ix: The first beers l have to a on she, fruits of. Bax teaceæ is, that there is no really bivalvular capsule in the order; a truth which was not perceived by Gartner in describing his Banksia Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. | 35 Banksia dactyloides (the Conchium dactyloides of Dr. Smith), and which has equally escaped Cavanilles and Labillardiere in their characters of Hakea. Dr. Smith has more cautiously omitted this consideration in his character of that genus, and Professor Schrader has accurately described the suture as only existing on one side: such fruits then are as truly folliculi as those of Grevillea, Rhopala, or Embothrium ; and that the ex- istence of a distinct placenta is by no means necessary to con- stitute this kind of fruit, is proved even by some genera of Apo- cines, to which family this term was first applied. BN ^: A circumstance occurs in some species of Persoonia to which I have met with nothing similar in any other plant: the ovarium in this genus, whether it contain one or two ovula, has never more than one cell; but in several of the two-seeded species a cellular substance is after foecundation interposed between the ovula; and this gradually indurating acquires in the ripe fruit the same consistence as the putamen itself, from whose sub- stance it cannot be distinguished ; and thus a fruit originally of one cell becomes bilocular: the cells however are not parallel, as — in all those cases where they exist in the unimpregnated ovarium, but diverge more or less upwards. | tS In all the seeds of this order there is a very manifest CHALAZA, which, whatever may be the point of insertion of the seed, is always situated at its upper extremity; and I have not been able to observe any fasciculus of vessels connecting it with the umbilieus in cases where this latter is placed in a different part I am not aware of any function being ascribed to the cma- LAZA of seeds, except the nutrition of their proper membrane: but it appears to me too remarkable a part to be destined for this purpose only; and some observations I have made induce F 2 me 96 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. me to suppose that it is the organ secreting the liquor amnios. This opinion I was first led to form by observing in some species ‘of Persoonia, in which the inspissated remains of .this fluid are visible in the ripe fruit, that it evidently originated in the cha- laza and continued to adhere to it: nothing has hitherto oc-. curred to invalidate this opinion, which is here however hazarded merely as a conjecture, requiring for its confirmation more nu- merous and decisive facts than I can at present adduce. . ‘That the ALBUMEN of seeds is merely that condensed portion of the liquor amnios which remains unabsorbed by the embryo, seems to me very satisfactorily established; and as this fluid is in the early stage never wanting, all seeds may in one sense be said to have albumen: but while in some tribes this unabsorbed |» part in the ripe seed many times exceeds thesize of the embryo, so there are others in which not a vestige of it remains; and such has hitherto been supposed to be the case with Proteacez: nor are. the few exceptions with which I am at present acquainted of so - decisive a nature as to invalidate this character of the order ; for - they occur only in some species of .Persoonia, where the semi- fluid remains of this substance are observable between the coty- ledons; and in Be/lendena, in which it continues to form a thin fleshy coat on the inner surface of the proper membrane of the - seed. From such instances however we may expect to find plants with a more copious albumen, which nevertheless it maybe neces- sary from the whole of their organization to refer to this family. The RAD1cULA pointing towards the base of the fruit in all Proteacee is a circumstance of the greatest importance in di» stinguishing the order from the most nearly related tribes; and . its constancy is more remarkable, as it is not accompanied by >- the usual position or even. uniformity in the: Hin. of ‚the veniet umbHich ^^ 5. 554804, ee $018 OO Od ok tn If Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 37. If Gertner had not described the. pLumura of Protea ar- gentea, I should not have hesitated to assert that it was inconspi- cuous in the whole order. best = The number of coryızDons when more than two is a circum- stance of little importance. In Persoonia, the only genus of the - orderin which a plurality of cotyledons has been observed, I am not even certain that their number is constant in those ‚species in which this anomaly occurs. , In the following part of this. essay it may be observed, that , the genera into. which I have subdivided the great African fa- . mily Protea, are in most cases similar to those already proposed . by Mr. Salisbury in the Paradisus Londinensis: from that essay however they are certainly not derived, but before its publication were formed and submitted to the judgment of Mr. Dryander, at whose suggestion they are now offered to the Society. "That the results of an.examination conducted by two observers wholly independent of each othei, are so similar, will 1 probably be considered as some proof of their correctness. ` . As Mr. Salisbury’s generic names have the unquestionable right of priority of. publication, I have in most cases adopted them, — though I wish some of them had been differently constructed. - But as I cannot accede to his application of the Linnean . names Protea and Leucadendron, I shall here, that I may not disturb the following arrangement, assign my reasons for differing - from him in this respect; and as in so doing I am obliged to trace the progress of Linnzus's knowledge of the family, I per- suade myself that this will in some degree compensate for the. otherwise unwarrantable length of the discussion... . The name Pnorza, which originated with Linnzus, first oc- | curs in the folio edition of his Systema Naturs published in + 1735; * 38 Mr. Brown, ou the Proteacee of Jussieu. 1735; no generic characters are there given, but from the re- ferences to Boerhaave’s figures it is evident that the genus is to be understood in the same extensive sense which he at length gave it in the second Mantissa.. In 1737 appeared the Genera Plantarum, and in it for the first time the natural generic cha- racter of Protea: as in this work he only cites Lepidocarpodendron and Hypopl yllocarpodendron of Boerhaave, it follows that here the genus is more limited, though its character is not peculiarly applicable to either of Boerhaave's genera referred to; and the description of anthere and germen. is not reconcilable to any plant whatever of the family. 1n the same year Hortus _Cliffortianus was published, in which he resumes his first opinion of Protea, reducing to it all Boerhaave's.genera, but referring to the character given in his own Genera Plantarum. It does not appear on what ground this change of opinion was formed; for in Clifford's garden, according to Viridarium Cliffortianum, there had only been two species, Protea argentea and ‚saligna, neither of which had flowered, and the former was already lost; while in his Herbarium, now in the collection of Sir Joseph Banks, the specimens of all the three species given in the body of the work are without fructification, and of Protea racemosa added in the appendix there is no specimen whatever. _ © If Linneus is to be considered in a great degree the author of the Prodromus Flore Leydensis, published by A. Van Royen in 1740, as has been asserted by some of his pupils, and may be inferred from a passage in his Diary published by Dr. Maton, it must be noticed as his next work in the order of time; for from the same Diary it appears that he could only have been employed in its composition in 1738. In this work the genus Protea is given in the same extensive sense as in Hortus Cliffor- fans, and no fewer than 21 species are characterized, of which however Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 39 however only two were in the Leyden garden, the rest being described from specimens in Van Royen's Herbarium. In 1738 he also published his Classes Plantarum, in which, notwithstanding he appears to have composed it while engaged in the arrangement of Van Royen's collection, another fluctua- tion of opinion occurs, Protea being limited as in the first edi- tion of the Genera Plantarum, and to Leucadendros, which. here for the first time occurs, he refers the Conocarpodendron of Boerhaave. In 1740 he published th the second edition of Systema Nature, where the names Protea and Leucadendron are both given; but the references to Boerhaave are reversed, Protea being confined to his Conocarpodendron, and Leucadendron comprehending his other two genera. In this sense they also appear in the second edition of the Genera Plantarum published in 1742, in ‚which the character of Leucadendron is first given, some of whose species he must, from the annexed asterisk, have seen recent: his description of corolla. and pistillum is only 2. ei to. Lepidocarpodendron. | In 1745 Linnzus received the Herbarium of P from which he composed his Flora Zeylanica: the fourth volume of this collection containing a mixture of Ceylon and African plants, the latter are not noticed in this work; but from an in- spection of the Herbarium itself, now in the Banksian collection, it appears that he had added generic names to most of them :- of Protex only three species exist in the volume, of which Protea conocarpa is one: of this there are on the same page two speci- mens, whose heads of flowers are separately pasted ; under one of these specimens he has written Leucadendron, and under the second Protea; to a specimen of Protea Serraria on a different E. page 40 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. page he has given the name of Santolina. "These facts are men- tioned to prove, that at this period his knowledge of the family must have been chiefly derived from Boerhaave’s figures, and perhaps from specimens which he had casually seen. In 1748 the sixth edition of Systema Naturz appeared, where the essential characters of Protea and Leucadendron first occur, both of them evidently derived from the natural characters pre- viously given. 3 In 1753 the Species Plantarum, the most accurate of all his works, was given to the world; both genera are found in it, their species characterized, and trivial names for the first time applied to them: of Protea there are only two species, P. argentea and fusca; to the former however he referred as varieties P. saligna, conifera, and three others ; to the whole adding the following ob- servation, which may be supposed to contain his chief reason for applying his name Protea to this genus rather than to that for which in his Classes Plantarum he had first intended it. “ Planta naturalis in patria argentea excellit fronde inter arbores nitidissima omnium; at culta et captiva extra patriam exuit decus; variat dein etiam domi mille modis veré Protea." At this time he had in his Herbarium a specimen without _ fructification of Protea argentea properly so called ; but of its supposed varieties or of P. fusca none whatever. Of his genus Leucadendron he had only one species, L. proteoides, afterwards called Protea purpurea, a plant differing in many respects from the tribe to which he had, though not without hesitation, referred it. . . In 1754 the fifth edition of Genera Plantarum appeared, in which the chars = both genera remain exactly as in the second. In 1759 was publish tlie tenth edition of Systema Nature, where Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 41 where the essential generic characters are nearly the same as in the sixth, and the specific characters are copied from the Species Plantarum. Of this latter work the second edition diipeared in 1762: contains two additional species of Leucadendron described si Burmannus’s Collection and Plante Africane: Protea argentea of the first edition is here divided into two species; the first Protea argentea now so called, the second comprehending P.sa- ligna, conifera, and three other nearly related species: to this latter the greater part of the observation added to P. argentea of the first edition is annexed, though. evidently less applicable to the species thus divided. - In the sixth edition of Genera Plantarum printed in 1764 no alterations are made in the characters of these two genera. In Mantissa prima published in 1767, two new ‘species of Leucadendron are described : neither of these; however, he had in his Herbarium: the first, Leucadendron speciosum, he had pro- bably accidentally seen, the anthere of which are described as filaments, and their callous apices alone as true anthere: the description of the second, L. pinifolium, is by Van Royen. _ In the twelfth edition of Systema Nature published in the same year, the species of Leucadendron are arranged in a diffe- rent, and, as the author intended, a more natural order; from which it may be concluded that at this time considerable addi- tions had been made to his Herbarium: but L. glomeratum is un- accountably omitted. Protea here receives again P. Levisanus, the P. fusca of the first edition of the Species Plantarum, which in the second had been referred to Brunia. In Mantissa altera published in 1771, the two genera are united under the name of Protea; new characters are given to ; VOL. X. G ; the 49 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. the species, and most of them are described from specimens then in his Herbarium; five species are added which had alread y been published by the accurate Bergius; and three, P. totta, strobilina and parviflora, are here first met with: in his descrip- tion of the last, he seems to suspect it to be a male plant, which we now certainly know to be the case. P. glomerata is here again taken up; but Protea acaulis, cancellata and conocarpa are omitted ; and Protea conifera of the second edition of the Species Plantarüm is subdivided into three species, P. conifera, pallens and saligna. J In the thirteenth edition of the Systema Vegetabilium pub- lished in 1774, the essential character of the genus is adapted to its present state, and no alteration occurs among the species, except that P. speciosa is considered as a variety of P. Lepido- carpodendron. ai D'xpeitauudstiap alt. . From this statement it appears, that Linnzeus in his earlier works had not sufficient materials for obtaining an accurate no- - tion of this family; and hence that perpetual fluctuation of opinion concerning it, which has been now. pointed out, and may in few words be recapitulated. | HIS) tu 1st, He gave the genus Protea the same extent which he at length assigned to it in the Mantisa, | | eee S _ 2dly, He limited it, leaving unnoticed that par to which at a latter period he exclusively applied the name. . | . Sdly, He resumed his first opinion. = =, = - Athly, He subdivided it into two genera, giving them the same names which are adopted in the present paper. . Be 5thly, He continued the subdivision but reversed the names, and for a reason, as it would seem, which is now known to. be founded in error. i Decree E = Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 43 ^ Andlastly, Having acquired more perfect materials and per- ‘ceiving the insufficiency of his characters, he united them to- gether, thus ending exactly where he commenced. TT _ But, as in this he bas been universally followed for nearly forty years, Protea can no longer be considered as more strongly as- sociated with any one species of the genus than another ; and therefore this name so familiar to botanists, if the necessity of again subdividing the genus be allowed; ought. certainly to be given to that part which is best known, and which contains the greatest number of published species, especially if the name ‘be at least as applicable to this as to any other subdivision: now this part unquestionably is the Lepidocarpodendron of Boer- haave, the Protea of the first edition of the Genera Plantarum and Classes Plantarum, and of the present Essay. The question respecting the application of the name Leuca- dendron is reducible to a-smaller compass. Mr. Salisbury is aware that the Linnean character of the genus is only ap- plicable to Lepidocarpodendron of Boerhaave; and therefore, ‘consistently with the reasons which determined him in his appli- cation of the name Protea, Leucadendron ought to have been retained for that which he has called Erodendrum in Paradisus Londinensis ; and this it seems he would have done, had it not ‘been differently used by Plukenet, whom he professes to follow in this respect. But as rejecting Linnean names when accom. . panied by characters, for those of Plukenet who never published a single character, is somewhat unusual, it must be supposed to ` have arisen from the latter author's more appropriate use of: this significant name, while it may also be presumed that Linneeus’s application of it is wholly unsuitable; and it is at least: to be expected that in his own application he is consistent: with Plukenet, whom he means to follow. | 62 To 44 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. To determine how far this is the case, I have examined the figures published by Plukenet under the name of Leucadendros, - and also his Herbarium, which forms part of the Sloanean col- lection in the British Museum. Of his three species so named the first is Protea argentea, his ** Leucadendros | africana arbor tota argentea sericea foliis integris, Atlas Tree, D. Herman.” of- which the figure represents a branch without fructification, and a separate fruit possibly of the same plant, but rather, as I suspect, belonging to a different species of the same genus. - On the same plate is figured a single leaf, in all probability belonging to P. conocarpa, with the following name, ** Leuca- dendro similis africana arbor argentea folio summo- crenaturis florida, an Leucadendros. africana foliis serratis D. Herman.?” The separate fruit accompanying this probably does not belong to it, but to some species of that division of Bic which Mr. Salisbury has called Euryspermum. = + t - The third species, his “ Leucadendros. Bets d seu: beta cephalus angustiori folio apicibus tridentatis," is a good Adone of a flowering branch of Protea cucullataa » = = shat It could not certainly from his publications ER be under- stood why the name Leucadendros is applied to these three: plants so little alike, while different names are given to species: much more nearly related to some of them than they are to each’ other: of this however the solution is to be found in his Her- barium; on consulting which I find, that after the publication of Protea argentea, with whose flowers he was unacquainted, he had acquired flowering specimens of Protea hirta, and had sups posed these two species to be the same, pasting between two leaves of argentea four loose heads of hirta, and under the whole copying © in his own hand the name Leucadendros, &c. at full length from his-Phytographia. This satisfactorily explains why he referred P. cucullata Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 45 P. cucullata to Leucadendros, its flowers being very similar to those of Protea hirta. As to his application of this name to P. conocarpa, it could only proceed from his total ignorance of its fructification; for, as he has figured a nearly related species, P. hypophylla, under the very different name of Thymelea, &c., it is reasonable to conclude, that had he seen the flower of P. cono- carpa he would have given it the same generic name. This P. conocarpa however, of which it may truly be said he knew nothing, and concerning which at least no information is to be derived from his works, is the only species of the three which belongs to Mr. Salisbury's genus Leucadendron. | Bat the original Leucadendros of Herman, of Plukenet, iude of Linneeus himself; is Protea argentea, the only plant of the family to which the name can properly be applied; to this therefore I have assigned it in the following arrangement. - | Before proceeding to this arrangement, I am happy in having an opportunity of acknowledging that assistance which has so liberally been afforded me. To the invaluable Herbarium and enr of Sir J sisi Ranke I have on this, as on all other occasions, enjoyed the freest ac- cess; an advantage which has been greatly enhanced by the op- portunity it has given me of consulting my friend Mr. Dryander, both as to the formation of genera and respecting synonyms, on which points his sound — and unrivalled erudition so well enable him to decide. —— | To Dr. Smith I am indebted: für dá permission of. nating the Linnean Collection, and for the most friendly and satis- factory answers to the renes on this. aite which he alioa me to put.to him. ME — whose jaani in this tribe is c surpassed i : | by 46 Mr. Brown, onthe Proteacee of Jussieu by that of Sir Joseph Banks, has; with his accustomed liberality, submitted it without reserve:to:my examination... © eno Mr. Hibbert, who for many years possessed. the most extensive collection of living Proteas that has ever been formed, -and who also received from his intelligent collector Mr. Niven, a va- luable Herbarium of native specimens, most obligingly permitted me to examine-these; and even, to dissect such as were new. . For the like privilege I am indebted to the friendship of Mr. Aiton of Kew, who sent. me his whole collection, peculiarly valuable as containing many of the original specimens of Mr. Masson : and lastly, I have to acknowledge the great assistance I have derived from the extensive collection presented to this Society by my friend Dr. Roxburgh, who during his short. residence at the Cape appears to have paid particular attention to this tribe of plants, and who, besides the many new species discovered by him, has given a greater value to. his H erbarium by numerous observations on the sexes, the size, and places of growth, whic I have every where inserted on his autlietityx.- oii dondoi pas!Y ae PROJ BACE Zu... wi i UOUTAGNOSIS.-i0:-2b0320290 te Gees Calyx tetraphyllus v. quadrifidus, wstivatione valvatà; ^ ! Stamina quatuor, (altero nunc sterili) laciniis calycis opposita. Ovarium unicum, liberum. - Stylussimplex; okup iehi Stigma subindivisum. iii Semen (pericarpii varii) exalbuminosum."* 05s Embryo dicotyledoneus, (raro pol ycotyledoneus,) rectus. aculanfejao.- acc Bra wien au ew ra 4 i v a^. BEI, cA che . ^ Radi- ^. > „ af 5h WE 8: BEE ur is d £ 1 7:349 300: DESCRIPTIO. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. AT DESCRIPTIO. Frutices v. Arbores vix excelse ; rarissime Herbie. Rami in plerisque annotino-umbellati. Folia sparsa, nunc verticillata v. opposita, persistentia, exstipu- lata, indivisa v. vari dentata, seu incisa profundiüsve laci- niata, rarissime veré composita. Inflorescentia subspicata, modo laxius, in racemum v. corymbum floribus sep’ geminatis, nunc densiüs congesta in capitulum, - vel aggregata supra receptaculum planiusculum, involucro per- sistenti, sæpiùs imbricato, subtensum : in quibusdam quasi abortione, uniflorum, indicante involucro calyculum tune emulante. Bractee dum flores geminati singulis paribus com- munes; in capitatis persistentes, sepiüsque aucte et indu- rate, rard connate ; in aggregatis nane, plerumque deciduz, quandoque nulle. d £i: ie Flores in plerisque hermaphroditi perfecti, nunc organorum vitio diclines. [D EH REO | Calyx tetraphyllus, foliolis distinctis v. sæpiùs plùs minds arcte cohzerentibus tubulosus ; limbo quadrifido, equali, laciniis subspathulatis ; nunc irregulari sive ex earum cohsesione ra- riüsve inzqualitate: "coloratus, subcoriaceus, avenius, extüs sæpè pubescens, intüs. glaber. rariùsve barbá. utplurimdm partiali instructus, valvatim aperiens, ante. expansionem mar- ginibus subtruncatis mutuó cohzrentibus: deciduus v. mar- cescens, dum tubulosus sepids a basi tandem quadrifidá abscedens, quandoque basi integra diutiüs persistente. | Corolla nulla. Bit | Stamina quatuor, (altero nunc sterili,) foliolis calycis opposita, iisdemque seepissimé inserta, in plerisque juxta apicem, quan- doque prope medium v. basin; rard hypogyna; calycem nun- : quam superantia, | Fila- 48 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussien. Filamenta brevissima v. mediocria, rarissime partim coherentia. Anthere adnate, biloculares, lineares, loculis per axin longi- tudinaliter dehiscentibus; raró bipartite lobis: respondentibus -vicinarum connatis loculumque unicum tandem bivalvem ef- formantibus, altero lobo in quibusdam deficiente. Pollen triangulare, angulis subsecernentibus, quandoque ellipti- cum v. lunatum, raró sphericum. : i Squamule Glanduleve hypogyne v. quatuor foliolis cal ycis alter- nantes, distinctz seu connate; v. pauciores et intüs secundz, interdum nullz, rarissimé staminuliformes. Ovarium unicum, liberum, sæpè pedicellatum, pedicello raris- sime articulato, mono-di-poly-spermum quandoque bilocu- — lare: ovulis apice, basi v. latere ovarii afüxis.. Stylus simplex, terminalis. en In |i 9 Stigma in plerisque indivisum, modd emarginatum rariüsve bifi- dum; sepé obliquum, figura varium, plerumque glabrum, quandoque papulosum, hispidulum v. tomentosum.. = . Pericarpium, Nux, Samara v. Drupa monosperma ràró disperma, vel Folliculus coriaceus seu ligneus, di-poly-spermus basi, mar- ginibusve suture seminifer; rar bilocularis, dissepimento libero parallelo bipartibili ! | i Ir Semen sessile, ventricosum, v. ‚sepils compressum, in follicu- .. latis seepé alatum ; exalbuminosum, apice Chalazá venosä in- 'Signitum, Rhaphinullà. din | | Embryo dicotyledoneus, rard. polycotyledoneus, rectus, albus. Radicula infera, brevis. 2 | GE. Plumula vix conspicua. as IE 5 1. AULAX. PROTEACES. ofc page a | . I. FRUCTUS CLAUSUS. A. ANTHERZ DISTINCTE. | I a. ANTHERZ A CALYCE LIBERA. ee. 4 Flores dioici, (organis imperfectis.) Stigma femineorum obliquum, emarginatum, papulosum. | : pag. : 1. Nux exserta,’ (barbata :) squamis capituli feminei subulatis. Masculi flores racemosi ce jefas tss eatas s esi atear taape AAAA s rinsa e ADLAS ee -(49) 2. Nux v. Samara squamis dilatatis strobili inclüsa.'' Masculi flores capitati..... .ccsccccecccsscccccversscececss ; j E entes vo eo „LEUCADENDRON, ..(50) ++ Flores hermaphroditi, raró polygami dioici, stigmate tunc verticali, © | | a. Anthere apicibus concavis calycis immersz. wis ^. § Ovarium monospermum. Nux subcrustacea v. Samara. a. Squamule Glanduleve nulle hypogyne.. —— 1. Nüx lenticularis, hinc barbata v. Samara gl J| Calya irregularis, labiatus, laciniis tribus (raró omnibus) cohzrentibus, | 1. Calyx bipartibilis. Labii majoris laminz staminifere cohzerentes. a persistens, subulatus.........PROTEA..........(74) 2. Calyx tubulosus. Lamine staminifere distincte. Stylus deciduus, filiformis... . pesse eses sess. os LEUCOSPERMUM. ..(95) oss ME Calyx laciniis quatuor distinctis (sepiüs equidistantibus). Lay on ies pues a. Capitulum indefinité multiflorum, subpaleaceum. | Involucrum dum adsit imbricat te Nux brevissime pedicelláta.....Palece persistentes. - Receptaculum convexum... sses.. ee., s.. SERRURIA... oo. (112) 2. Nux sessilis... Pale@ decidus, angustissime v. nulle. . Receptaculum planum... ............ MIMETES. .. . .. . .(105) B. Involucrum uniflorum v. definité pauciflorum. Palee nullz. | i d Squamule hypogyne a calyce toto deciduo libere. — * Stigma verticale. Calyx regularis. Ed ATTE ; : 1. Nux sessilis, nitens, basi integra. Znvolucrum fructiferum induratum, 4-ph., 4-flor. .N1vENIA,,......(133) i 2 Nux pedicellata v, basi emarginata. — /nvolucrum fructiferum non mutatum.......SOROCEPHALUS. .(139) = nein ine (o Stigma obliquum, dilatatum. — Calycis laciniä quartà sæpè majore..........2+++++-SPATALLA...23..(143) 1i Squamule hypogyne infra adnate basi persistenti calycis. ..... 2. .e eee eee eee » „ADENANTHOS. . . (151) $$ Ovarium dispermum. | Drupa baccata, putamine osseo. Stigma obliquum, dilatatum. Calyx irregularis ..,.... esee eee» GUEVINA. oo s se o (105) B. Anthere exserte. Stamina medio v. basi calycis inserta v. hypogyna. + Glandule hypogynee distincte s. connate. v. Stamina quatuor sterilia. Drupa putamine osseo. * Drupa exsucca, tomentosa. Filamenta basi calycis inserta. ** Drupa baccata. Flores hermaphroditi. 1. Glandulc hypogynz carnose. Stamina medio calycis supra recurvi inserta. 2. Glandule hypogyne staminu Tt Glandule nulle hypogyne. — § Stamina calyci inserta. 1. Filamenta distincta. Stigma unilaterale. Ovarium monospermum, trigonum (imberbe) .. ,,.... lees ee ee AGASTACHYS., . . (1 58) 2. Filamenta apice coherentia. Stigma subtruncatum. | Ovarium dispermum, teres........eeeceeee cree sese e+ + SYMPHIONEMA. . .(157) : $8 Stamina receptaculo inserta., Samara aptera, 1-9-sperma. Stigma simplex.......cseeeeecsenveceeveecses nenn. BELLENDENA .. . (166) b. ANTHERJE ADNATÆ TUBO CALYCIS HYPOCRATERIFORMIS! Nux fusiformis, pedicellata ; apice dilatato papposo.......r2neseronenunsnnnnneeneenenne » FRANKLANDIA... L(157) Faginulahypogyna. Flores polygami. eene nee e BRABEIUM os oe : .(164) i : Ovarium pedicellatum ..... ...... . .PERSOONIA. ... . .(159) liformes. Stamina basi calycis supra angustati inserta. — Ovarium sessile............CENARRHENES, . .(158) B. ANTHERJE COHJERENTES, vicinarum lobis proximis loculum unicum constituentibus ! tandem distinctae. | - a. Calyx regularis, Anthera exsertee, omnes bilQDB. . cos seep eects eee enhn B. Calyx ringens. Anthere incluse, laterales dimidiatze ; Stamine quarto sterili. Fs Stigma liberum. Anthera labii superioris biloba. . cos soo eseee ee eene d *"*8692929225223299552522* . CONOSPERMUM.. .(153) 2. Stigma filamento sterili coherens. Anthera media labii inferioris biloba........ or ere Csisekhasvsvepscecervescebentaus OFTA oss ass (198) „ernten esee OYNAPHEA., ....(155) II. FRUCTUS MISSOURI x BOTANICAL e. GARDEN. : / H. FRUCTUS DEHISCENS. A. UNILOCULARIS. . a, OVARIUM DISPERMUM, Frucíus quandoque monospermus. T Anthere apicibus concavis calycis immerse. Glandula hypogyna unica dimidiata, v. nulla. pag * Glandula nulla hypogyna. Stigma conicum. Semen apterum .,,eeseeseee esses sososssooosoooseoevoseeseeceeesoseeseve so ANADENIA, o.. . (166) ** Glandula hypogyna dimidiata, quandoque lobata. : 1. Folliculus (coriaceus v. ligneus) loculo centrali. Semina ala apicis dum adsit nucleo breviore. ....... 45 eee eee eere GREVILEEA,, LLL (167) 2, Folliculus incrassato-ligneus, loculo excentrico. Semina ala apicis nucleo longiore... ... eee eere enhn S HAKEA. ouse. V (178) ++ Anthere exsertæ, apicibus calycis revolutis. Glandule hypogyne quatuor, distincte y. connate. t Involucrum coloratum, deciduum, uni-multiflorum, receptaculo plano. Semina marginata. Stigma subulatum . ......... eee oe sLAMBERYIA... .. (187) tt Involucrum nullum. Flores spicati. a. Semina apice (solüm) alata. 1. Folliculus incrassato-ligneus, loculo excentrico. Stigma clavatum, Flores polygami ...... ee eee ecce eee eee eese ess AYLOMELUM , «. .(189) 2. Folliculus coriaceus, loculo centrali. Stigma subcylindraceum....... evevsossoevveseecesamcsecvececccececceccecoececc RITES... 0. ....(189) 8. Semina utrinque alata, marginata. Stigma clavatum. Folliculus ligneo-coriaceus... 4... eese eee eene eere RHOPALA. .... -. (190) b. OvARIUM TETRASPERMUM ! Calyx regularis. Anther@ exsertze. Semina apice alata. Glandule quatuor hypogyn® ss... 5.4 eee eee eee eee eee KÉNIGMTIA,...... (193) €. OVARIUM POLYSPERMUM. Calyx irregularis, apicibus concavis staminiferis. § Semina apice alata. * Stigma verticale, clavatum. Glandula hypogyna unica, semiannularis....... 4. eee eee eene eene ne nc EMBOTHRIUM.. ..(195) ** Stigma obliquum, unilaterale. z 1. Glandula nulla hypogyna. Stigma dilatatum, concavum. Involucrum (racemi) nullum. ...... eese eene herr es sOREOCALLIS.....(196) 2. Glandula unica hypogyna, subannularis. Stigma clavatum, convexum. Involuerum (racemi) deciduum .........+0++eee+eee000++TELO 3. Glandule tres hypogynee, secunde. Stigma dilatatum, concavum. Calycis foliola distincta....cessecevesccesssecccessccsees Pana. Lh : an §§ Semina basi alata ! Glandula hypogyna unica dimidiata. Stigma dilatatum, concayum wor eva yo ne» . EZEZEZZEZZZZZEE ZEZEZESZ EEE EEE STENOCARPUS. e ..(201) B. BILOCULARIS, dissepimento libero, bifido. ES en coiere jui inbtt du o Ie UEM uU Ve n'a bobevoesvsosctvsecétsksisoseebEss ua ee et TR e (202) 2. Recept m commune planum ; involucro imbricato ; flosculis indeterminatim confertis, paleis solitariis v. nullis 4.4.4 esee esee eoe DRYANDRA. .....(211) Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 49 1. AULAX. Berg. Cap. 33. Salisb. Parad, 67. Cuar. Gen. Flores dioici, organis imperfectis. Masc. racemosi : Calyz tetraphyllus foliolis medio staminiferis. - Fem. Stigma obliquum, clavatum, hispidulum, emarginatum. Nux exserta, ventricosa, barbata, squamis capituli subulatis. Hanrrvus. Frutices*glaberrimi. Folia integerrima. Flores termi- nales, unibracteati. Masculiin racemis aggregatis, nudis. Fe- minei in capitulo solitario, cincto foliolis intàs auctis appendiculo — aceroso-multifido, capitulo quasi abortivo racemis exterioribus maris analogo, (interdum florifero, fide Cel. Salisburii.) | 1, A. pinifolia, foliis filiformibus canaliculatis. Masc. Pini foliis planta Africana Cyperi capitulis. Herm. Ar, 18. Durm. Afr. 193. 1. 70.f.3. — Dr Pini folio planta Capensis floribusspicatis. Raj. Hist. 3, App. p. 247. n. 47. s Pini facie frutex. africanus, Cyperi capitulis umbellatis. - Sher. in Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 130. 3% Aulax pinifolia. Berg. Cap. 33.* Leucadendron pinifolium. D. Van Royen in Linn. Mant. 36.* Syst. Nat. ed. xii. t..2. p. 110. | Protea pinifolia. Linn. Mant. 187. (sed specimen maris A. umbellat@ habebat in Herb.) Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. t. 9. p- 117. Thunb. Diss. n. 20.* Prod. 26. Willd. Sp. Pi. 1. oq 515. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1244. And. Repos. 76. bona. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 651. Fem. Scolymocephalus africanus foliis Rorismarini acutis. Herm. Afr. 20. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 10. Conophorus capensis pini folio. Petiv, Caray, 3. n. 458. CU 987959 BOE pA VOL. X. H Lepide- 50. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Lepidocarpodendron; foliis angustissimis, gramineis; fruc- tu cancellato; semine corónato. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 193. c. tab. Leucadendron cancellatum: Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 91. ed. 2. p. 134. omiss. in Mant. et Syst. Veg. ed. xiii. Protea bracteata. Thunb. Diss. n. 24.* tab. 1. Prod. 96. © Linn. Suppl. 118. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 517. Lam. Illust. Gen. l.p. 238. n. 1245. | Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 652. Has. In Africe Australis. montibus; prope Platte-kloof, Hottentots-Holland, et alibi. (v. s. in Herb. plur.) Ogs. Pollen globosum. 2. A. umbellata, foliis planis spathulato-linearibus. Masc. Protea aulacea. Thunb. Diss: n. 33. * tab. 2. bona. Prod.26. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p 520. Lam. Illust? Gen. 1. è 237. n. 1243. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 651. Fem. Protea umbellata. Thunb. Diss. n. 34.* Prod. 26. Linn. Suppl. 118. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 520. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1242. And. Repos. 248. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p.650. Has. In Africæ Australis montibus, prope Prom. B. Spei; Taffelberg, Platte-kloof, &c. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) Oss. Pollen subglobosum, obtusissimé trigonum. 2. LEUCADENDRON. Herm. Pluk. Linn. in Class. Plant. Conocarpodendra, t. 195. 197. 200. 202. 203. 204. Boerh. Protea. Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 2. 5.6. Conocarpos. Adans. Famill. Protea, Euryspermum, Chasme. Salisb. Parad.. Lond. | > Cuar. Gen. Flores dioici, organis imperfectis; capitati. Fem. Stigma obliquum, clavatum, emarginatum, hispidulum.. Nux Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. > 51 Nua v. Samara monosperma, squamis (quandoque cohzren- tibus) strobili inclusa. . To | Hapirus. Frutices, raró Arbores, sepe sericeo-tomentosi. Folia integerrima. Capitula terminalia, solitaria ; bracteis imbricatis fo- liisve verticillatis et subcoloratis plerumque cincta. Oss. The separation of sexes in the genus Protea of authors, ob- scurely suspected by Linnzeus himself in his Protea parviflora, and afterwards more expressly by Lamarck in P. pinifolia, was first ascertained in Aulax and the present genus (as Mr. Dryan- der informs me) by our countryman Masson, during his last re- sidence at the Cape of Good Hope, and is beautifully illustrat- ed by that eminent botanical painter Mr. Francis Bauer, in his unpublished drawings preserved in the Banksian collection. Numerous observations on the same subject have also more recently been made by Dr. Roxburgh and Mr. Niven, who have bestowed much pains in ascertaining its limits, of which, as far as regards the, African part of the family, Mr. Salisbury has given an accurate account in his Essay already quoted. The Dis- sertation of Thunberg, who was wholly unacquainted with this separation of sexes in these plants, is necessarily imperfect, and he has, in several cases, described the different sexes as di- stinct species; and thus also Bergius has founded his genus Aulaz on the male of a species, whose female he had previously published as a. Lewcadendron. On the other hand, Jussieu, deceived by the resemblance in inflorescence, between Bra- bejum and the spiked species of Protea, has erroneously suspected these to be monoicous, while he has totally over- looked the truly, dioicous nature of the present genus. n2 i + Nux 52 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacec of Jussieu. T Nux ventricosa, stylo toto calyceque persistentibus. |. 1, L, argenteum, arboreum, foliis lanceolatis argenteis: marginibus ramisque villosis, bracteis involucrantibus abbreviatis temen- tosis, calycibus masculis sericeis. Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis sericeis a longis acu- tis. Herm. Cat. Leucadendros Africana, sn tota argentea, sericea, foliis in- tegris. Atlas Tree. D. Herman. Pluken. Phyt. t. 200. f. 1. ra- mulus sine floribus nuce separatä ; forté speciei distincte. - Conifera salicis facie, folio et fructu tomento sericeo candi- cante obductis, semine pennato. Sloane in Philos. Trans. 17. p- 664. strobilus cum fructu separato. -Frutex JEthiopicus conifer, foliis lanuginosis omnium maximis. ~ Breyn. Prod. 2. p. 66. Argyrodendros africana foliis sericeis et argenteis. Com. Hort. 2, p. 51. t. 26. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9. ‘Globularia Africana frutescens Thymelez folio lanuginoso. Tournef. Inst. 467 ? | " Conocarpodendron ; foliis argenteis, sericeis, latissimis. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 195. c. tab. - Scolymocephalus africanus, folio crasso nervoso sericeo. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 293. t. 900. | Brückm. Epist. Itin. 2. p. 8. t. A. strobilus Protea foliis lanceolatis integerrimis acutis hirsutis nitidis. Hort. Cliff. 99. Firid: Clif. 8. Roy. Lugd. Bat. = ie Ultraj. 201. 01€ ‘Protea argentea a. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 94. Protea argentea. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 137. Mant. 194. Thunb.’ Diss. n. 48.* Prod. 27. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 239. t. 51. Willd. Sp. PLI. p. 529. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1236. t. 53. f 1. Poi- ret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 648. Han. 2; *- Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. ` 53 Ha». In Africá Australi, ad radices lateraque montium, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. &c.) Oss. Squamulas quatuor hypogynas, longas angusto-lineares, in floribus masculis observavi: femineos nondum vidi. L. plumosum, fruticosum, foliis lineari-lanceolatis muticis gla- bris subsericeisve: basi attenuata tortá, involucris calycibus- que masculis glabris; femineis persistentibus plumosis quadrifidis, nucibus cuneato-oblongis villosis. Masc. Protea parviflora. Linn. Mant. 195.* Syst. Veg. ed. xiii. p. 119. Thunb. Diss. n. 40.* tab. 4. bona. Prod. 27. Willd. Sp. PI. 1. p. 524. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 935. n. 1220. Poiret. "Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 643. Fem. Protea obliqua. . Thunb. Diss. n..39.* Prod. 27. Linn, Suppl. 117.* fide descriptionis, nullum enim specimen in herbario, monente Cel. Smith. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 524. - Protea plumosa. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 197. Has. In Africá Australi, prope Fransche Hoek et alibi haud -. infrequens. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) "3 Oss. Squamule nulle hypogyne in mare: femina ad anthesin haud observata. L. retusum, fruticosum, foliis oblongo-spathulatis glabris : basi . attenuatis; callo apicis subretuso, ramis tomentosis, involu- cris pubescentibus, calycibus masculis glabris, femineis plu- mosis quadripartitis, nucibus glabris obovato-orbiculatis. Has. In Africz Australis montibus prope Prom. B. Spei; Pick- et-Berg. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) - Ons. Strobilus cum Nucibus et Calyce ad basin tabule 199. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. vel ad hanc vel ad sequentem speciem pertinere videntur. | ' *4. L. spa- * 54 . Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. *4. L. spathulatum :fruticosum, foliis oblongo-spathulatis: basi attenuatis ; callo apicis acutiusculo recurvo ramisque glabris, calycis feminei-tardiüs decidui laminis nudis, nucibus glabris latioribus quàm longis demum muticis. Haz. In Africa Australis planitiis elevatioribus arenosis, prope Promont. B. Spei. (v.s. in Herb. Hibbert.) | Oss. In Mare? squamulas quatuor longissimas hypogynas ob- servavi. - *5. L. sessile, fruticosum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis glabris: basi obtusa. i Has. In Africa Australi prope Promont. B. Spei. D. Masson. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.) | ros Ogs. Squamule hypogynz longissime, persistentes. tt Nux ventricosa v. lenticularis aptera, undique marginibusve pilosa. Stylus totus deciduus, basive solum remanenti. Calyx diù persistens quadripartitus. *6. L. angustatum, foliis lineari-spathulatis (passim angustatis) obtusis muticis concaviusculis ramisque glabris, strobili squa- mis conniventibus nucibusque pubescentibus subglobosis muticis, calycibus plumosis. | j isum Has. In Africá Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. D. Masson. — (in Herb. D. Aiton. vidi.) er | Desc. Fruter, ramis strictis, divisis. Folia sparsa, frequentia, - erecta, 8—9 lineas longa, obtusissima, ad apicem (vix callo- sum) sesquilineam lata, in eodem ramo passim dimidio an- gustiora. Strobilus su bglobosus, magnitudine. globuli scloppi minoris : Squamis ovatis exterioribus latioribus. Nur mag- nitudine seminis Vicig, levissime compressa undique pube brevi induta, cincta calyce ad. basin quadripartito vix lon- giore. Peri] *7. L. im- / Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 55 *7. L. imbricatum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus glabris imbricatis basi obtusis, squamis strobili dilatato-cuneatis retusis seri- ceis, nucibus undique comosis basi styli pim. Protea Levisanus. Herb. Linn. Har. In Africá Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. ; A Zant. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn. ) Oss. Squame nulle hypogyne. *8. L. buvifolium, foliis ovali-lanceolatis subimbricatis : adultis glabris, squamis strobili dilatato-cuneatis Sie nucibus undique comosis basi styli mucronatis. Protea imbricata. Wend. Hort. Herenh. tab. 14? excl. syn. Has. In Africä Australi. D. Masson. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.) Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus. Rami umbellati, tenuis- simé tomentosi. Folia frequentia, erecto-imbricata, sessilia, concaviuscula, avenia, opaca, semiunguicularia; superiora tenuissimé pubescentia ; floralia angustiora. Masc. Capi- tulum sessile magnitudine pisi. Calyx tubo unguibusque sericeis, laminis glabriusculis. Squamule quatuor hypogynz Tonge, lineares. Fem. Capitulum paulo majus. Calycis un- gues laminzque sericeze. Squamule null hypogynze. Nux ovata, calyce diù cincta. Oss. I. Nimis affine L. imbricato, figura foliorum presertim distinguendum. Oss. II. Icon Wend. suprà citata forsan diversæ speciei; foliis oblongis semuncialibus pilosis, strobilis longioribus, squa- mulis hypogynis: an potiùs ad priorem referenda? 9. L. Levisanus, foliis obovato-spathulatis obtusissimis : adultis glabris, ramulis pilosis, capitulis masculis sessilibus, nucibus- undique comosis muticis. | Levisanus- 56 o Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Levisanus capensis serpylli folio. Petiv. Gazoph. 9. t. 5. f. T? mala. | | Se : Chrysanthemum Conyzoides ARthiopicum, capitulo aphyllo, Ti- thymali paralii foliis subrotundis, hiulculis in superficie con- _ spicuis. Pluk. Mant. 47. 1. 343. f. 9. bona. | Conocarpodendron; foliis subrotundis, brevissimis, capituli immaturi globosi parte inferiore fuscá, mediä aurea, supremá viridi. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 202. c. tab. Hr Brunia foliis oblongis incanis, florum capitulo ramulum termi- nante. Burm. Afr. 267.* t. 100. f. 2. Mas. bona. Scolymocephalus seu Conocarpodendron, foliis brevissimis. -Weinm. Phyt: 4. p. 296. 1. 904. a. pessima quoad. colores Protea fusca. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 95. | Brunia Levisanus. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 289. he Leucadendron Levisanus. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 324.* Berg..Cap.g0Makgasc xanh scastexni ee Protea Levisanus; Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xii. t. 2. p. 111. Mant. :194.* quoad descriptionem, sed specimen in Herbario est fe- mine L: imbricati. Thunb. Diss. n. 43.* Prod. 27. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 526. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1223. Poiret. En- eye. Botan. 5. p. 644. Wend. Hort. Herenh. t. 1. Mas. | Has. In Africe Australis campis sabulosis ericetisque, - prope - «Prom. B. Spei. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.) . tenti Oss. Squamulz nulle hypogyne. | — 10. L. tortum, foliis spathulato-linearibus obtusis basi tortis: adultis glabris; junioribus ramulisque subsericeis, capitulis masculis pedunculatis, calycis laminis sericeis, nucibus undi- ^ quecomosismuticis 0.000 T xd Protea torta. Thunb. Diss. n. 31,*? Prod, 26.? Willd. Sp: Pl. 1. p. 519? md amp ers Protea Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu, 57 Protea cinerea. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 591.* Fem. sec. disc. exclus. syn. Has. In Africe Australis depressis, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. nin et Soc. Linn.) 11. L. cinereum, foliis bputisdetoclinenribus argenteis, capitulis masculis sessilibus, nucibus obovato-cuneatis villosiusculis muticis. Protea alba. Thunb. Diss. n. 32.* sec. desc. Prod. 26, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 520. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1933. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 647. Protea cinerea. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 127. Fem. fid. spec. descript. in Herb. Banks. Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. pe (v. s. in Berh, Banks:) Oss. Squamule quatuor hypogyne: in utroque sexu. 12. L. corymbosum, foliis REBEL EEE glabris, stro- bili squamis acutis apice recurvis, nucibus subcompressis obcordatis margine pilosis. Leucadendron corymbosum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 160, p. 325.* Berg. Cap. 21.* Mas TE . Protea corymbosa. Thunb. Diss. n. 28.* (desc. € e mare præci- puè.) żab. 2. Mas. Thunb. Prod. 26. Willd. Sp. PL 1. p. 518. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 238. n. 1250. Poiret. Des Botan. 5. p. 653. Protea bruniades. Linn. Suppl. 117.* Mas. fid. spec. in illius Herb. Protea corymbosa. And. Repos. 495. Fem. Has. In Africa Australi, Drakenstein, Swartland, Rode Zant. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) gi Oss. Squamule quatuor hypogyne in ERS sexu. | VOL. X. I ttt Samara 58 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. ttt Samara glabra alata v. aptera. Stylo (fere toto) calyceque deciduis. Squame strobili distincte. 13. L. decorum, foliis oblongis venosis callo recurvo : adultis gla- bris; junioribus ramisque sericeis ; floralibus coloratis semi- scariosis, strobili squamis extüs tomentosis: apice retuso parüm coarctato glabro, nucibus marginatis comi tatis. | Protea laureola. Lam. Tllust. Gen. l. p. 234. n. 1214. iret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 641.* Fem, exclus. syn. Linnei, Thün- . — bergii, Schraderi. Han. In Africä PR d, prope Prom. B. pied (v. s. in Herb. eh: " i PEE 14. L. squarrosum, foliis. lanceolato-oblongis : iude. 2 recurvo an- tice sulco lineari ; adultis ramisque glaberrimis, amenti fe- minei oblongo-ovati squamis sursüm glabris. dilatatis integris ciliatis : strobili recurvis undulatis. | Masc. Protea arcuata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. Ns 1215? Protea obliqua. a. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 642.*? ex- clus. syn. Thunber. Linnei et Boerhaav, - Fem. Protea strobilina. Linn. Mant. 192.* ee | £. Conocarpodendron ; folio rigido, crasso, angusto, cono . laricis parvo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 197. c. tab. Fem. ? Haw. In Africa Australi, — B. ne ener Herb. Soe. et 15. E sich; folii: ipesihithupsotilpndisa Secus abt cya adultis glabris ;. floralibus masculis concoloribus, ramis pu- bescentibus, amenti feminei Amm retusis basi tomentosis, margine ciliatis. — eip ihe sae ur} Ä pase: Protea arcuata Be tack lust, a "m M" | 234. n. 1215? " Protea Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 59 '- Protea globosa. And. Repos. 307. bona. Simsin Bot. Mag. 878. Protea obliqua 8. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 642? exclus. . syn. Boerh. Thunb. Linnei, Willd. Fem. Protea strobilina. Schrad. Sort. Hanov. 1. péTotik Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn. ) ' 16. L. grandiflorum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis : callo apicis an- ifi #08; subrotundo; adultis glabris; floralibus coloratis, ramis tomentosis, squamis amenti utriusque sexüs ovatis aiutare glabris fucatis. . Masc. Euryspermum grandiflorum. Salisb. Parad. 105. , Has. In Africä Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s.) *17.. L. ovale, foliis. oblongo-ovalibus subaveniis : callo obtuso ; uk utrinque glabris margine tomentosis, strobili squamis lanceolato-ovatis acutis ze, samaris Mecum aedis: extüs ventricosis. - Protea strobilina. Thunb. Diss. n. m + ipid: dep. Ha». In Africa Australi. D. Masson. . Mong Biri Gul. a ies ms rn s. in Fre —— E *18. TL. venosum, foliis ee venosis da fatias : callo -~ acuto, strobili squamis ovato-lanceolatis acutis ciliatis extra medium glabris, calycibus persistentibus, nucibus apteris. Has. In Africá Australi. Gul. priis M. D. T s. in x Be «Soe, ie eg ee ae ry ze Based: eS | PH 19. die Pe foliis iai digimipithuletiá SES athiti a decurrentibus concaviusculis ramisque glabris, calycis femi- E ia | 12 nei 60 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. nei tubo hirsuto, strobili squamis subrotundis demüm glabri- usculis, samaris obcordatis alatis cinereis utrinque- convexis. Protea pallens. Thunb. Diss. n. 41.* secund. m. exclus. omnibus synonymis. Protea chamelza. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1240? exclus. syn. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 650*? Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.) : *20. L. glabrum, foliis lineari-lanceolatis aveniis: adultis ramis- que glabris, strobili squamis obtusissimis subretusis tuboque calycis nudis, samaris alatis nigris planiusculis dilatatis. Ha». In Africà Australi, prope Prom. B. ur — ssa M.D. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) bÀ l 21. L. strictum, foliis TEEN mucrone subulato. dae brac- teis involucrantibus ovatis.acutis capitulo florido longioribus, strobili squamis dilatatis rotundatis — samaris — impresso-punctatis. Masc. Euryspermum salicifolium. Salisb. Dona: 75. bona. Protea conifera. And. Repos. 541. - | Protea conica. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1937; 8i Protea conifera A. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p.649? — In Africa Australi, ad ripas fluviorum et in humidis in: ter saxa, prope Stellenboch et Rode Zant. ne Roxburgh MD: TEn s. in Herb: vena et enep — am Hog 122, L. vir Am) foliis. Bienes acutis padia ramisque glaberrimis : floralibus lineari-lanceolatis elongatis, strobili squamis ovatis Sese inckoo-tomentoniay samaris 8 alatis emarginatis. H FH ERIS a Has. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 61 Has. In Africá Australi, prope Promont..B. Spei. (v.s.in Herb. Soc. Linn.) Ons. Folia ramea basi torta; floralia intüs colorata rameis strobilisve duplo longiora; bractex involucrantes capitulo florido breviores. Strobilus ovatus magnitudine Avellanz, squamis tomento vix nitente, superioribus apice sub-coarc- tatis. -*93, L. E TENER PAN foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis: floralibus Janceolatis apice coarctatis coloratis concavis, strobili squa- mis ovatis integris incano-tomentosis, samaris alatis emar- ginatis, ramis adscendentibus, caulibus subdepressis. . Thymelea capitata seu julifera angusto salicis folio promon- torii Bone Spei. Pluk. Mant. 181. 1.229. f. 6. Mas. fide spe- cim. in Herb. Pluk. Conocarpodendron ; folio angusto, rigido, breviore; cono par- vo aureo, .corond foliaceä succincto. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 200. c. tab.? Scolymocephalus minor. Wein. Phyt. å. p. 295. t. 903. a. Protea pallens. Linn. Mant. 193.* Mas. fid.spec. in ejusd. vee Protea conifera. Linn. Mant. 193.* Pen fid. Spec. in ejusd. Herb. | Has. In Africe Ast Spies. prope Promont, B. e 0 (v.s.in Herb. Banks.) |. — -Oss. I. Strobilus ad basin tab. 9. ae Cent. huc pertinet, Ons. II. Protea pallens et conifera auctorum recentiorum ex eorum descriptionibus incompletis et ab altero solàm sexu ‚ desumptis vix extricandz et zquo jure ad hanc speciem vel ad L. Kei V. abou, citari possint. - | *24. L concinnum, n foliis a Euer iri aveniis : - ramisque 62 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu, - . ramisque glaberrimis : floralibus subconformibus semicolora- tis, strobili squamis ovatis integris njanin sa- maris alatis emarginatis. | Has. In Africe Aion montibus. D. Niven. Üa Herb, Hibb. vidi.) Desc. Frutex pedals (Niven) Rami stricti, glaberrimi. Folia frequentia, erecta, subimbricata, uncialia, marginibus angustissimis, semipellucidis, scabriusculis, parüm concava, callo apicis obtusiusculo: ‚floralia sesquiuncialia, strobilo maturo vix duplo longiora. 35. E salignum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus acutissimé mucrona- - tis subsericeis: floralibus lanceolatis coloratis, strobili squa- mis tomentosis sursüm dilatatis retuso-bilobis margine glabris, samaris apice latiusculó margine angustissimé alatis: - = Conocarpodendron ; folio tenui, angusto, saligno; cono calycu- "lato, corona foliaceà succincto. Boerh. bs Bat. 2. p. 204. c. tab. i Protea foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis acutis: Hort, Clif., 29. secund. specim. in Herb. Cus; hok ramulus absque fruc- tificatione. | CS PME BREA cuu j Protea foliis lineazi-Ianerofatis integerrimis su perori shirsu- - . tis nitidis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 184 i Protea argentea 8. Linn. a Pl. ed. i. ee 94. u syn «Dro niet Tourneforti. — f; KO 3 Pani: conifera «. Linn. Sp. PL dd. ii. p. 158. ini. i. _» Protea saligna. Linn. Mant. 194. Mas. exclus. syn. Bergii et Breynii. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. — n. 1235. Poiret. ibn Botan. 5. p.648.* Fem. , o o a: s Has. In Africä Australi, hipe: Dinan B. Sp i in 1 montosis ht s. in Herb. Soc. — 2: SIRIA 26. L uli- Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 63 26. L. uliginosum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus utrinque argenteis . tomento arcte adpresso: callo apicis acuto, ramis tomentosis, calycis feminei tubo hirsuto, squamis strobili sericeis dila- tatis subundulatis obsoletè retusis, samaris apteris. Frutex æthiopicus conifer foliis cneori salici æmulis. Breyn. Cent. 21. t. 9. excepto strobilo ad basin tabulæ, qui ad L. adscendens pertinet. Protea saligna. Thunb. Diss. n. 47.* secund. descrip. Haß. In Africæ Australis uliginosis, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v.s.) 21. L. floridum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus sericeis suprà villosis : callo apicis acuto; floralibus subtus ramisque hirsutis, calyci- bus masculis longitudinaliter pilosis, strobili squamis tomen- tosis apice dilatatis integris, samaris apteris. | Thymelea capensis sericeis longioribus et acutis foliis caule . geniculato-piloso. Pluk, Phyt. 181. t. 229. f. 4. fide specim. in ejus Herb. a ae) LAREN a Protea saligna mas et fem. And. Rep. 572 ?- Has. In Africà Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei, in paludosis A ad radicem Montis Wynbe g. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in. Herb. Banks. et Mus. Brit.) SOT ido im — MH Squame strobili connate. Samara foliaceo-compressa, glabra. Folia aliqua : *28. L. platyspermum, foliis superioribus lineari-spathulatis: callo obtuso, strobili squamis duplicatis longitudinaliter accretis « rimis semicircularibus, samaris duplo latioribus quàm longis.. Has. In Aff Australi, prope Promont. B. pei. Hout Hoek, And.. Auge. (v..s. in Herb. Banks); = 0- © Desc. Frutex glaber. Folia inferiora. filiformia, - sesquiuncialia ; superiora plana, vix longiora. - 64 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. . - Masc. Amentum ovatum, bracteis lanceolatis, sericeis subten- sum. Lamine calycis glabra. Stigma clavatum. =; Fem. Amentum oblongum : Squamis glabris connatis. Ungues calycis villose. Lamine glabre. Stigma dilatatum, obliquum, papulosum. Strobilus oblongus, quandoque ovatus, rimis transversis semicirculum sub-zequantibus. Samara cinerea, — levis. 29. L. comosum, foliis superioribus spathulato-lanceolatis obtusis mucronatis rugoso-striatis, strobilis oblongis : squamis basi connatis suprà. distinctis eee etiqueta sub-barbatis, samaris subrotundis nigris. — | < Protea comosa. Thunb. Dis Ru — descript. folior. Prod. 26. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 517. Lam. Illust.-Gen. 1. p 238. n. 1254. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 655. yo Has. In Africá Australi; pone Montes dodi D. Mann. STU s. in Herb. Danks. et D. Aiton.) *30, L. etii foliis Feen ee acutis rugoso-striatis, strobilis ovatis: squamis basi coheerentibus supra distinctis marginibus | recurvis miden samaris subrotundis nigris. . Protea incurva. And. Repos. 429. forte Mas hits speciei, quam- vis folia superiora vix duplo latiora. . Has. In Africa Australi. Gul. Bake bod ds. xo s. in Herb. Box: Linn.) 31. 5 ped tpt fbliie omnibus filiformibus aloe altu- siusculis lævibus patulis arcuato-incurvis, strobili squamis marginibus axibusque infra. connatis suprà. Sinn bi- Bm xr ced Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 65 Protea teretifolia. And. Repos. - femina et ramulus ad 4. mas. - Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. "^" frequens. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn. " eh i 52: BEER foliis omnibus filiformibus canaliculatis acutis imbricatis rectiusculis margine scabris pilosisve, strobili squamis marginibus erre infrà connatis spun di- stinctis bilobis. mer HEN Arik Pre ue e s. in Herb. Hibbert) HH Dubice tribus. Feminis adhucdum incognitis. 33. L. sericeum, foliis lanceolatis sericeis - semiunguicularibus, caule erecto, capitulis sessilibus solitariis aggregatisve turbi- natis, calycibus masculis longitudinaliter - rn tubo gracili inferné stylo coherente. | Et Protea sericea. Linn. Suppl. 118.* fide specim. in ejus Herb. Protea sericea. Thunb. Diss. n. 46.* sed caulis-erectus videtur. Han. In Africa Australi, "P Promont. B. — m s. in Herb. nr | 34. L. Globularia foliis iobiaiáaikijati abri aveniis : Pitallo | obtusissimo ; basi attenuata torta, capitulis sessilibus depres- so-globosis: bracteis anion Hos be qui ig ten gu cd centibus, stigmate clavato. | ea Protea globularia. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. P- 236. n. 1232. t. 53. J. 2. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 647 ? exclus. syn. Thunbergii. Desc. Fruticulus erectüs ramosissimus, ramis strictis, ultimis sericeis. Folia sparsa, 8—9 lineas longa, inferiora ramo- rum breviora, capitulum subtendentia On PATHS "Brac- ‘NOL: X X. k tec 66 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. tee involucrantes capitulo dimidio breviores, ovate, arcté imbricate. Calyx tubo gracili unguibusque villosis, laminis glabris. | Ovarium nullum. | Stylus villosus. Squamule qua- tuor, lineares, longs, basi styli infra adnate. *35. L. pubescens, foliis spathulato-linearibıs obtusis obliquis : adultis pubescentibus ; junioribus sericeis, ramis villosis, in- volucris capitulo globoso sessili brevioribus tomentosis, ca- lycibus stylisque pubescentibus. ; Hp or Has. In Africa Australi. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb. . Soc. Linn.) Ons. Quam maxime affine precedenti. *36. L. ericifolium, folis acerosis- glabris semiunguicularibus, capitulis corymbosis paucifloris, calycibus tomentosis.- Has. In Africá Australi. Dom. J. Roxburgh. (v. s. in Herb. cCLambert.et Soc. Linn.) ^^ 5-55 REGS $a: Desc. Frutez erectus, ramosissimus, ramis rübicundis, ramulis tenuissimé tomentosis. Folia frequentia, erecta, im bricata, mutica, concaviuscula. Capitula breviter pedunculata, In- volucro breviore sericeo subtensa. Calyx tubo gracili. Ova- rium nullum. Stylus glaber. Stigma clavatum. Squamule nulle intra calycem. pat: Gel iie E EUR E t *37. L. crassifolium, foliis cuneato-obovatis obtusissimis glaber- rimis crassis aveniis (3-uncialibus) basi attenuatis, capitulis globosis, bracteis propriis lanatis, calycibus glabris. Has. In Africá Australi. D. Masson: (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) Oss. Rami glaberrimi, glauci, crassitie digiti minimi. Folia fre- quentia, glauca, rigida, sesquiunciam lata, calio subrotundo, - = acutiusculo, Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu, 67 acutiusculo, marginibus subsimplicibus per lentem minute crenulatis, novellis ciliatis. Capitulum magnitudine cerasi maximi. Calycis Tubus cylindraceus: Lamine lineares, pla- - niuscule, unguesque recurve. Stylus glaber. Stigma ob- longo-clavatum. | | | . An hujus generis? ~ *38. L. cartilagineum, foliis ovali-spathulatis obtusissimis : callo subtruncato : aveniis cartilagineis glaberrimis; basi attenu- —— atå lineari, capitulis globosis su bpedunculatis, bracteis caly- cibusque tomentosis. = uf Hosde9 loui Has. In Africa Australi. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn. et D. Hib- bert.) — Desc. Frutex erectus, ramulis tenuissime tomentosis. Folia vix uncialia, siccatione venis obsoletis depressis... Capitulum magnitudine cerasi minoris, pedunculo brevissimo bracteis- que villosis. Calyx quadrifidus. Stylus glaber. Stigma ob- aban Gombe «3d cuisine E t NN T » — Anhujusgeneris? — TUS S PETROPHILA...:. baa o5 adus GEN. Cuar. Calyx quadrifidus, totus simul deciduus. Stylus basi persistenti. Stigma fusiforme, apice attenuato. Squa- mule nulle -hypogyne. Strobilus ovatus, Nur lenticularis, — hinc comosa, v. Samara basi barbata. =o HanrTUs. Frutices rigidi. Folia glabra, varia, filiformia v. plana, indivisa, lobata v. pinnatifida, quandoque in eodem frutice di- - » versiformia. Amenta ovata v. oblonga, terminalia et axillaria, ~ nunc aggregata. Genus, posthac, speciebus increscentibus, Bei. K 2 : - dividendum, 68 . Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. dividendum, phalangibus infra propositis genera futura in- dicantibus. | Erym. Iergos et Que». Hi frutices enim semper. in saxosis apricis proveniunt. ! Oss. Mr. Salisbury has united such of the New Holland Pro- tex as he had seen, into one genus, which he calls Atylus ; a name meant to express the want of those bodies that usu- ally surround the ovarium, in this order,and which he chooses . to term calli: but as I conceive they are certainly secreting organs, the name on this ground would be exceptionable: my - chief reason however for not adopting it, either for the pre- -sent or the following genus, is, that the whole of his essential character does not apply to either of them. In his secon- dary character, he has also considered them as monoicous, a mistake into which he has probably been led, not only from. the striking similarity between the strobili of Petrophila and — Leucadendron, but also froin the style of the former remain- ing for some time unwithered after the calyx has fallen off. In one species he has even described the relative-situation of the sexes ; regarding the terminating amentum of P. pulchella as female, and the lesser ones, which frequently though not always surround it, as male; but that this is not the case is proved by Cavanilles' figure of the species, in which all the amenta are in fruit, and a specimen in the same. state may | - beseen in Sir Joseph Banks’s Hentai La bd A + Stigma articulatum, — inferiore dalio ey superiore tomentoso. Nux lenticulari-compressa, intùs marginibusque comosa., Folia filiformia indivisa» *1. P. teretifolia, foliis teretibus exsulcis, squamis strobili ener- vibus, stigmatis articulo superiore stuposo triplo longiore. AT Has. " Eu. H- Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 69 : Has. In Nove Hollandie ord. australi, Lewin’s Land. (ubi vv.) *2.. P. filifolia, foliis teretibus RENT squamis strobili nervosis orbiculatis, stigmatis articulo superior. barbato vix duplo longiore. : : Has. In Novæ Hollandise ora australi, Lewin’s Land; in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) #3, p. RER foliis filifermibes suprà ce seats s@na- .. mis strobili nervosis ovatis. - Has. In Nove Hollandi& orá acted: Lewin’ S Land: in cam- pis collibusque sterilibus. ps V. V.) tt Stigma inarticulatum, peika Nux lenticulari-compressa, intüs margini- busque comosa, - Strobilus squamis distinctis. Folia JSiiformia bipinnatifida. *4. P. rigida, foliis triternatis : laciniis PEN calycibus bar- batis: laminarum apiculis glabris. Has. In Novee Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin’s PES ; in col- pre saxosis.. en v. V.) 5. Re pulchella;. foliis. iiidodibimétic Ibis erectis, ba yci- bus sericeis : laminarum apicibus tomentosis. i eien pulchella. Schrad. Sert. Hanov. ii. p. 15.* 1. 7... Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p.507: Cavan. Anal. = 1.6. as 334 550. Sims, Bot. Mag. 796. j - Protea fucifolia. Salisb. Prod. 48. | Tahal Protea dichotoma. Cavan. Anal. dai p- 289.8 Ic.6. p. 34. * 551. Has. In Nove Hollandie ord abge a Port Jackson; in arenosis inter saxa. - (ubi v. v.) - E E | ti 5 *6. P. fas- 70 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. X6. P. vfibdigidía; foliis trifido-bipinnatis: laciniis erectis fasti- giatis teretiusculis muticis, calycibus glabris, nino bib termi- nalibus sessilibus: squamis lanatis. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land ; in eri- cetis aridis elevatioribus. (ubi v. v.) *7. P. pedunculata, folis tripinnatifidis: laciniis canaliculatis divaricato-patulis, calycibus glabriusculis, 'strobilis pedun- culatis: squamıs glabris. Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá orientali, prope Port Jackson ; in montibus saxosis. ni v. "n TE Strobilus squamis connatis. —Á dilatata. Stigma inarticulatum, hispidiusculum. Folia plana, bipinnatifida. — TS (58. P. diversifolia, foliis bi- tripinnatifidis - planis: : ded mu- cronatis, calycibus barbatis, strobilis axillaribus pane: latis: squamis lanatis cohzerentibus. — | Haz. In Nove Hollandiz orá australi, Lewin's lined ; in col- libus saxosis. « (ubi v. v.): | tttt Strobilus squamis distinctis. Samara planiuscula. Folia plana, ternatim divisa. *9. P. squamata, foliis trifidis: lobis lineari-lanceolatis ; latera» libus sæpiùs bi--trifidis, strobilis sasllmeihlıs sessilibus : s M mis apice scariosis glabris. | ‘Has. In Nove Hollandise ord ciel laminis s Land; ; in eri- cetis collibusque aridis. (ubi v. v) ENT BE Ls *10.: trifida; foliis stifidis: dobis ER TRUE seepis- simé indivisis, strobilis axillaribus sessilibus : nghe. - p sericeis. T 2% ei 3 tite FE zu dt ae ne Se Bar. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 71 Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land; in col- libus apricis sterilibus. (ubi v. v.) : i ; 4. ISOPOGON. ATYLI species. Salisb. Parad. pp Gad Cuar. Calyx quadrifidus, tubo gracili, diutiüs Ders Stylus totus deciduus. Stigma fusiforme, v . cylindraceum: ^ Squame nulle hypogynee.. Nus sessilis, idast undi- | que comosa. Hasitus. Frutices rigidi: f a i Min v. filiformia, dpi- sa v. integerrima. Capitula terminalia, rarò aaillaria. . Flori- bus modò densissimè imbricatis strobilo globoso ; modò fastigiatis receptaculo communi planiusculo subinvolucrato, paleis deciduis congestis. Genus distinctum, precedenti proximum, posthac | forsan in duo dividendum, ratione inflorescentie. secundum quam species infra distribute sunt, in duas pinisuger habitu parüm diversas. l Erym. Iros et royo, ob nuces saii er Disaini nk nota a As eat facile oe 4 Strobilus SR j squamis densissimà imbricatis, tardiüs deciduis. — *1. I. teretifolius, foliis bi- v. triternatis filiformibus. exsulcis, ra- mulis tomentosis, — tubo sericeo : bui gods . liter barbatis. | TE In Nove Hälsa EEE rin s Land; in nr cetis ee saxosis (ubi vev.) -— Sia: enethifolivs; foliis pinnate bipinnatifidisque filiformibus -~ -suprà sulcatis ; laciniis erectiusculis, ramis glabris, calycis tubo pubescente : laminis infra glabris apice barbato. +. i Protea c 72 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. Protea anethifolia. Salisb. Prod. 48. | Protea acufera. Cavan. Anal. 1. p. 236.* Te. 6. p. 33. t. 549. 3 Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali, prope Port Jackson ; in ericetis. (ubi v. v.) *3. I. formosus, foliis bipinnatifidis subtriternatis filiformibus su- prà canaliculatis: laciniis divaricatis, ramulis tomentosis, calycibus glabris: laminis apice pilosiusculis. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin's Land ; in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) 4. I. anemonifolius, foliis trifido-pinnatifidis bipinnatifidisve: la- - A €iniis linearibus planis patenti-erectis — pica stro- bili squamis stuposis. it : Protea anemonifolia. Salisb. Prod. 48. Sims, Bot. Mag. 697. . And. Repos. 332. Protea tridactylides. Cavan. Anal. 1. p. 235.* Ic. 6. t. 33.* t. 548. Has. In Nove Hollandice ora orientali, prope Port Jackson : in ericetis saxosis. (ubl v. v.) | 5. T. ceratophyllus, foliis trifido-bipinnatifidis: laciniis lineari- bus planis divaricato-patulis utrinque striatis mucronatis ; floralibus basi dilatatis, strobili squamis glabratis. - Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, prom Port Phillip. ; in eo a et t collibus. (ubi v. v.) *6. I. trilobus, foliis cuneatis planis trilobis : basi attenuatis peu olatis; lobis integerrimis, ramulis tomentosis. Has. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 18 Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá australi, Lewin’ s Land ; in eri- cetis siccis. (ubi v. v.) *7. I. longifolius, foliis lineari-lingulatis: superioribus integerri- mis; inferioribus passim trifidis, calycibus sericeis, stigmate glabro. Ha». In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin's Land ; in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v») A Receptaculum commune planum v. convexiusculum, paleis deciduis. tg. IL cuneatus, foliis etia go-cunetis obtusissimis, involucri bracteis tomentosis, calycibus glabris, stigmate fusiformi. Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá australi, Lina s Land. D. A. . Menzies. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) *9. T. attenuatus, foliis elongato-oblongis mucronulatis basi atte- nuatis, ramis bracteisque involucrantibus glabris, capitulis - solitariis, calycis laminis apice barbatis, stigmate cylin- draceo. . Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin's Land ; i eot. libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) ves *10. I. polycephalus, foliis lineari-oblongis mucronulatis, ramulis | tomentosis, capitulis re ee bracteis omnibus lana- tis, stigmate cylindraceo, — — f Has. In Nove Hollandiæ ord acietrali, Levin’ 5 Daci ; d ene libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) Ik; nig foliis ovatis sessilibus acutis: apicibus recurvis, VOL. X. FROCEY is TIPS eet ie Be F ae 7 . caulibus 74 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. caulibus proliferis, capitulis solitariis foliis obvallatis; brac- teis subulatis, stigmate fusiformi. | Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Fewn s Land; in eri- cetis elevatioribus subhumidis. (ubi v. v.) *12, I. axillaris, foliis cuneato-lingulatis mucronulatis, capitulis axillaribus paucifoliis; bracteis involucrantibus ovatis im- bricatis, calycis laminis longitudinaliter barbatis, stigmate fusiformi. Has. In Nove Hollandie ora australi, ponat $ Land; ; in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) S PHUIEM o 12 uo Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. i. Class. Plant. Leucadendron. Linn. Gen. . Pl. ed. ii. v. et vi. Protez sp. Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. Thunb. Diss. Juss. Gen. Erodendrum. Salisb. Parad. > Cuar. Gen. Calyx bipartibilis, ineequalis, labii latioris laminis staminiferis coherentibus. Stylus subulatus. Stigma angus- tius, cylindraceum. Nur undique barbata, stylo -persistenti caudata. Receptaculum commune, paleis abbreviatis persis- tentibus. Involucrum imbricatum, persistens. Hasırus. Frutices modo proceriores et quandóque arborescentes, modo subacaules. Folia integerrima. Capitula terminalia, ra- riùsve lateralia : Receptaculo planiusculo, nunc. convexo, sepis- simè glabro, paleis quandòque connatis alveolato: Involucro . magno, colorato, turbinato v. hemispherico : Calycis labio latiore sepe 2—3-aristato. T Capitula Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. gs T Capitula terminalia, lh d Cyaaroides, foliis subrotundis petiolatis, involucris sericeis; bracteis interioribus acutis imberbibus, stylo infra medium pubescenti. Scolymocephalos Africana lato rotundo glabro folio, cono max- imo sericeo candido. Herm. Cat. Mt. Raj. Hist. 3 Dendr. p. 9. Cinaroides frutex folio subrotundo rigido e Monte Tabulari. Petiv. Mus. 314. Lepidocarpodendron ; folio subrotundo, rigido, in pedunculo longo, crasso; flore maximo, purpureo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 184.* c. tab. bona. Scolymocephalos africanus folio lato rotundo. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 287. t. 892. Leucadendron foliis subrotundis patentissimis petiolatis, fo- liolis calycinis carinatis. Wachen. Ultraj. 204. Leucadendron cinaroides « Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 92. ed. ii. p. 135. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 319. Protea cynaroides. Linn. Mant. p. 190.* Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 118. Thunb. Diss. n. 59.* (exclus. syn. Lepidocarpodendron, &c. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 199. c. tab.) Thunb. Prod. 28. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1209. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 584. And. Repos. 288. bona. Poiret. HEY Botan. 5. p. 639. Sims, Bot. Mag. 770. Han: In Africá Australi, ad latera jitus prope Promont. iR ppo (v. v. in Hort. xs j #2, p. latifolia, foliis Mio utis semicordatis sessilibus, involu- cro sericeo-tomentoso ; bracteis interioribus augustatis apice dilatato barbato, calyce tomentoso : aristis hirsutis longitu- dine laminarum, stylo pubescenti. . | Eg as Har. 76 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Has. In Africà Australi. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. in arenosis Zwartberg. D. Niven. (v.s. in Herb. Hibbert. et Lambert.) Desc. Frutex 6—8 pedes altus. Rami tenuissim& tomentosi. Folia obtusissima, callo nullo prominulo, marginata, venosa, 3—4 uncias longa, 2—3 uncias lata, adulta glabra margi- nibus quandóque lanatis. volucrum folia superiora su- perans, turbinatum, pugno majus : Bracteis obtusis, ciliatis ; exterioribus laté ovatis; mediis oblongis ; intimis elongatis, ungue lineari, laminá oblongá. Calyx fer’ triuncialis, seri- ceo-tomentosus, labio latiore triaristato, aristis hirsutis, vil- lis patulis terminalibus przsertim purpureis. Stylus angu- lato-compressus, pube brevi adpressa subsericeus, apice gla- bro, curvato. Stigma subulatum, apice obtusiusculo. *3. P. compacta, foliis oblongo-ovatis cordatis marginatis: callo apicis prominulo, involucro sericeo-tomentoso ciliato imber- bi, calycis aristis longitudine laminarum, stylo glabro apice curvato, stigmatis apice conico-incrassato. Haz. In Africe Australis montosis, Hout Hoek. D. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) 4. P. longiflora, foliis ovato-oblongis sessilibus basi subcordatis -simplicibusve, ramis tomentosis, involucro sericeo : bracteis intimis elongatis sericeo-ciliatis, calycis aristis brevissimis, stylo glabro involucro longiore. aks iia Conocarpodendron; folio subrotundo, crasso, rigido, valdé ner- voso ; cono longo, variegato, ex rubro et flavo ; flore aureo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. P- 199. e. tab. bona respectu capituli, ‘+ foliis vix eonvenientibus et potius ad P. compactam v. latifo- liam pertinentibus: strobilo nucibus et flosculo ad calcem tabulz jamjam ad Leucadendron retusum relatis. * — Scolymo- - Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 77 Scolymocephalus foliis subrotundis. glabris. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 294. tab. 902. b. a Boerh. icone mutuata omisso tamen strobilo. | | Leucadendron, foliis subsessilibus cordato-ovatis imbricatis glabris. Wachend. Ultraj. 204. charactere ab icone Boerh. de- sumpto. , | Protea longiflora. Lam. Tllust. Gens 1. p. 234. n. 1211. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 640.* Protea lacticolor. Salisb. Parad. 97. Protea ochroleuca. Smith. Exot. Bot. 2. p. 43. 1.81. . Has. In Africz Australis montibus, prope’ Prom. B. Spei. (v. v. in Hort. Reg. Kew.) *5. P. coccinea, foliis obovatis obtusissimis sessilibus venosis ra- misque glabris, involucri bracteis interioribus spathulatis apice barbatis, stylo glabro, calycis aristis fer& longitudine laminarum : margine pilosis ; apice imberbibus. Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Promont. B. Spei, - Devil's Head: solo fertiliori. D. Niven. (5o s. in Herb, Hib- bert.) i Desc. Frutex À—5 pedes altus. Rami crassitie digiti. Folia lzevia, glauca, per lentem punctis minutissimis depressiuscu- lis conspersa; dum 4 uncias longa, 2—3 uncias lata; supe- .. riora basi quandóque semicordata; summa capitulum æ- quantia. Znvolucrum sessile, solitarium, turbinatum, 4—5- A unciale, bracteis extüs demum glabriusculis-; interiorum — barbá marginali, copiosa, longa, persistenti. Calyx inclusus, 2$ uncias longus; Unguibus hirsutis; Laminis dorso glabris, margine pilosis; Aristis vix longitudine laminarum. | St; ylus . compressus. Stigma subulatum ; inde exsulcum à. Ps abs- que manifesta curvaturá continuum. uer , % P. spe- 78 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 6. P. speciosa, foliis obovato-oblongis basi angustatis ramisque glabris, involucri bracteis omnibus sericeis: interioribus apice subdilatatis mediisque barbatis, stylo pubescenti, ari- stis calycis apice lanatis. Scolymocephalus Africana foliis longis glabris, cono sericeo ; squamis rubigineä villosà cristä ornatis. Herm. Cat. Mt. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr.p.9. 3 : Lepidocarpodendron ; folio ee viridi, limbo. rubro or- nato; squamarum apice, et margine, lanuginosis. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 185. c. tab. Scolymocephalus foliis longis, seu Tulipifer latifolius. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 288. t. 893. a. bona. Scolymocephalus Africanus foliis angustis villosis. Weinm. Phyt. A. p. 289. t. 894? _ Bruckm. Epist. Itin. 2. p. 8. t. 3. capitulum. * Leucadendron speciosum. Linn. Mant. p. 36.* excl. syn. Clusii. Protea speciosa. Linn. Mant. p. 191. Protea Lepidocarpodendron B. Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 118. Protea barbata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1228. Protea speciosa latifolia. And. Repos. 110. fort? huc pertinet monente D. Bellenden Ker; at pessima figura. Protea speciosa. Sims, Bot. Magaz. 1183. Han. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. v. in Monte Tabulari.) *7. P. macrophylla, foliis eiongato-oblongis marginatis venosis glabris basi subattenuatis, involucri bracteis omnibus to- mentosis; intimis lingulatis imberbibus, calycis aristis hir- sutis, stylo exsulco infra. medium pubescente : spen cur- vato. Haz. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 79 Har. In Africa Australi, ad latera Montium Attaquas Kloof. D. Niven. (v.s. in Herb. Hibbert.) Desc. Frutex validus, 8—10 pedes altus. (Niven.) Rami glabri apice tomento brevissimo quasi rore canescenti obducti. Folia basi pardm attenuata tortá ; superiora longiora, invo- lucrum longé superantia, spithamea, ultra pollicem lata. Involucrum bracteis omnibus obtusis incanis ; extimis ovatis; mediis oblongis; intimis apice haud dilatato. Calyx invo- lucro parüm longior; unguibus laminisque tomento albo villisque concoloribus patali : Aristis "longitudine lamina- rum, tomento albo villisque longis, patulis, nigro-purpureis, terminalibus subcrispatis. 8. P. formosa, foliis angusto-oblongis venosis obliquis : basi sim- plici; marginibus ramisque tomentosis, involucri bracteis ciliatis ; intimis lingulatis imberbibus, calycibus aristisque tomentosis, stylo glabro apice Curvato, stigmate apice in- crassato. Protea coronata. And. Repos. 469. EMEA - Erodendrum formosum. Salisb. Parad. 76. Has. In Africä Australi. D. Masson. % s. in Herb. D. Aiton, e Hort. Reg. Kew.) Oss. Affinitate proxima P. compacta, foliis presertim di- versa. 9. P. melaleuca, foliis lineari-lingulatis marginatis ciliatis, - ramis pilosiusculis, involucris elongato-türbinatis : bracteis albo- ciliatis ; exterioribus squarrosis ; interioribus conniventibus spathulatis dorso nigro-tomentosis. Lepidocarpodendron ; folio saligno, viridi; nervo et margine flavo ; 80 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. flavo ; cono longo, superiore parte maximé clauso. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 189.* c. tab. ? k Scolymocephalus seu Lepidocarpodendron frutice conifero. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 291. t. 898? diversa tamen bracteis in- timis viridibus forté e descriptione in Cod. Witsen. pictis. Protea coronata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 230. n. 1227? exclus. syn. priore Boerhaavii. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p.645? desc. conveniente. x | BOLI Protea speciosa nigra. And. Repos. 108. Protea Lepidocarpon. Ker in Bot. Mag. 674. Has. In Africä Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. Oss. Species, ex figuris recentioribus huc citatis, nec non e . pulcherrima inedità D. Franc. Bauer, que omnes inter se exacté conveniunt, distincta videtur, at quoniam specimina his respondentia nondum vidi, haud sine hesitatione a se- quente separavi. | | 10. P. Lepidocarpon, foliis lincari-lingulatis marginatis scabrius- culis nitentibus ramisque glabris, involucri bracteis interio- ribus spathulatis dorso marginibusque nigro-barbatis, calycis aristis intüs pennatis, stylo pubescenti. Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis longis glabris, cono variegato resinifero. Herm. Cat. Mt. | Scolymocephalus Africana, cono variegato resinifero. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p.9. Lepidocarpodendron ; folis angustis, longioribus, salignis ; calycis squamis elegantissime ex flavo fusco albo nigro va- riegatis; florum plumulis atro-purpureis. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 188. c. tab. = Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis longis, cono variegato, Weinm. Phyt, 4. p. 289. t.895. = Su Protea Mr. Brown, on the Proteacec of Jussieu. 81 Protea foliis lanceolatis integerrimis glabris calycinis superne ‚illosis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186. | Leucadendron Lepidocarpodendron «. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 91. ed. ii. p. 134. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1166. p.322. Protea Lepidocarpodendron. Linn. Mant. 190.* desc. opt. nullo tamen specimine in Herb. Protea Lepidocarpodendron x. Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 118. Protea speciosa. Thunb. Diss. n. 53.* Prod. 27. Willd. Sp. PI. 1. p.531. | | Protea cristata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1226. Poiret. En- cyc. Botan. 5. p. 644. exclus. syn. Roy. Linn. et Andr. . Protea grandiflora var. foliis undulatis. And. Repos. 301? Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. v. in Monte Tabul.) *11. P. nerüfolia, foliis lineari-lingulatis levibus opacis margine subsimplicibus basi extus ramisque tomentosis, involucri bracteis interioribus apice parüm latioribus dorso argenteo- sericeo margine nigro-barbato, calycis aristis laminas supe- .. rantibus intüs pennatis, stylo pubescenti. Cardui generis elegantissimi cujusdam caput. Clus. Exot. 38.* fig. xv. LE Has. In Africa Australi, ad radices montium prope Prom. — JB.Spei (v. s.in Herb. Soc. Linn.) | Oss. I. Quam maximé affinis P. Lepidocarpo, at distincta vi- er... ae | Ogs. II. Synonymon Clusii huc retuli ob descriptionem optime convenientem. | 12. P. pulchella, foliis lineari-lingulatis marginatis nitentibus sca- FOL X. M — briusculis, 82 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. briusculis, ramis parüm tomentosis, involucri bracteis inte- rioribus apice lanceolato-dilatato sericeo marginibus nigro barbatis, calycis aristis vix longitudine laminarum, stylo pu- bescenti. | Protea pulchella. And. Repos. 270. bona quoad — sed folia opaca margine ciliata. ; Protea speciosa var. foliis glabris. And. Repos. 277. — Te- spectu capituli et fóliórüfh nitore que autem I conco- lori diversa. Protea pulchella var. speciosa. 4nd. Repos. 449. differt fi- gura bractearum interiorum aristisque calycis laminá lon- gioribus. Has. In Africe wer montibus, prope Stellenboch. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v.s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.) - 13. P. patens, foliis angusto-oblongis subundulatis marginatis basi subattenuatis, ramisque villosis procumbentibus, invo- lucro hemispharico : bracteis sericeis ; interiorum barba ni- gro-purpurea, stylo infrà pubescenti, calycis aristis longitu- dine laminarum. Protea speciosa patens. And. Repos. 543. Has. In Africe Australis montibus saxosis, Spes Wilde . River. D. Niven. (v.s.in Herb. Hibbert.) - | Desc. Frutex procumbens. (Niven.) Rami toirientóM et villis patulis brevibus incani. Folia secunda, frequentia, obtu- siuscula, venosa, 4—5 uncias longa, 7—9 lineas lata. In- volucrum sessile, magnitudine pugni minoris: Bracteis ob- tusis, albo-sericeis, concaviusculis, interioribus nec dilatatis nec angustatis mediisque barbá nigro-purpureä instructis. | Calyx sesquiuncialis Mapas, aristis apice = Stylus Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu 85 ^ Stylus basi compressä tomentosa. suprà subulatus et infra „medium pube: rará, suprà glaber, apice curvato, Stigma acutiusculum. *14, P. incompta, foliis lingulato-oblongis: summis ramisque hirsutis, involucri bracteis interioribus apice orbiculato-di- latato margine barbato, calycis lanati aristis longitudine la- minarum, stylo glabro apice simplici. | Protea foliis lanceolatis integerrimis glabris calycem succin- gentibus hirsutis. Boy. tad, Bat 186? exclus. syn, Boerh. - 4. 189. a Him In Afrioâ &nstfali. erh: prope Wynberg. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (yv. s. sub eodem nomine in Herb. Banks.) Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami hirsutissimi villis longis patulis. Folia frequentia, modicè patentia, 4 uncias longa, 1 unciam lata, venosa, basi obtusa, marginibus simplicibus ; callo apicis acuto, recurvo; inferiora glabra ; summa angustiora, capitulum pauló superantia. | Involucrum turbinatum, 4 un- cias longum, bracteis tomentosis; exterioribus mediisque oblongis, imberbibus; interioribus barbà marginali, alba. "a lana alba, sce | 13: P longifolia, foliis ER basi s. invo- lucri turbinati bracteis. glabris acutis imberbibus, calycis aristis lamina longioribus, stylo pubescenti apice curvato. -= Lepidocarpodendron ; ; foliis angustis, longis, salignis nervo rubro; florum plumis violaceo-purpureis. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. (a p. 186 e. dab... Protea longifolia nigra. And. Repos, 132. sah | Protea longifolia var. cono turbinato.. And. Repos. 144. | * _ Protea longifolia ferruginoso-purpurea. And, Repos. 133. 8 M 2 Protea 84. _ Mr. Brown; on the Proteace@ of Jussieu. Protea Lepidocarpodendron. Herb. Linn. Has. In Africá Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. Oldenburgh. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) 16. P. mellifera, foliis lanceolato-lingulatis basi attenuatis, in- volucro turbinato : bracteis glabriusculis imberbibus viscidis, aristis calycis albo-lanatis longitudine laminarum, ste gla- bro: apice simplici. | Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis longis acutioribus hirsutis, cono mellifero. Herm. Cat. Mt. - Conifera Alypi folio seminibus pennatis, pluribus in medio coni conglomeratis, et non inter squamas aliorum. conorum more nascentibus! Sloane in Philos. Trans. 17. p. 666.* c. tab. Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis angustis villosis, cono melli- fero. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9. | Lepidocarpodendron ; foliis angustis, brevioribus, salignis ; ca- lycis squamis elegantissimé ex roseo aureo albo atro-rubro variegatis ; florum plumis albis. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 187. €. tab. Scolymocephalus seu Lepidocarpodendron folio un Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 289. t. 896. Protea caule multifloro calycibus oblongis ei eg in- tegerrimis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 185. | Leucadendron repens e. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 91. a.i ii. p. 135. Leucadendron repens. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 322. Protea repens. Linn. Mant. 189.* Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 118. Protea mellifera. Thunb. Diss. n. 37.* Prod.96. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1229. Salisb. Prod. 49. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 522. Poiret. Eneye. Botan. 5 p. 646. Curt. ee 346. Wend. Hort. Herenh.19. . — Has. In Africe Australis collibus et: campis, prope Piom. B. Spei, Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 85 B. Spei, gregatim quandoque crescens. (v. v. prope Con- stantiam.) 17. P. grandiflora, foliis oblongis sessilibus ramisque glabris, in- volucro hemisphzerico imberbi nudiusculo, calyce tomento- so; unguibus dorso glabriusculis; aristis brevissimis, stylo glabro. Scolymocephalus foliis oblongis glabris crassioribus latioribus. Herm. Cat. Mt. Lepidocarpodendron ; folio saligno lato; caule oa Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 183.* c. tab. Scolymocephalos foliis oblongis. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 98. t. 891. Protea foliis lanceolatis integerrimis flore patente glabro stylis longissimis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186. Protea cinaroides B. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 92. ed. ii. p. 136. Protea grandiflora. Thunb. Diss. n. 51.* Prod. 27. Willd..Sp. - Pl. 1. p. 530. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1210? Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 640? ! 8 Protea marginata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1925. - Has. In Africe Australis collibus et DR paru (v. v. in Monte Tabulari. ) Oss. Variat involucro penitüs glabro bracteisque exterioribus albo-tomentosis. Folia quandoque lineari-oblonya et tunc ab icone P. abyssinice haud distinguenda. — 18. P. Abyssinica, foliis lanceolato-lingulatis obtusiusculis basi -subangustatá, involucro hemispheerico : bracteis obtusis im- berbibus, calyce tomentoso ; aristis brevissimis, Be ie villoso ? caule arborescenti. Bug Bruce a 5. p. 52. c. tab. duab. mo | . Protea 86 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacec of Jussieu. Protea abyssinica. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 522. Has. In Abyssiniä, Lamalmon. Bruce l. c. 19. P. Scolymus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis submucronatis basi attenuatis, involucro hemispherico ; bracteis glabris obtusis, calycibus paucis, receptaculo villoso, caule ramo- so multifloro. Ä Thymelea capitata rapunculoides eethiopica saligneis foliis pe- rianthio magno conformi squamoso. Pluk. Mant. 181. t. 440. f. 1. mala. Scolymocephalus fruticis AEthiopici coniferi Breynii foliis ; ca- pite majore squamato. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 10. Lepidocarpodendron; acaulon; ramis numerosis e terrà ex- crescens, calyce floris immaturo extüs ex rubro et flavo va- riegato intüs flavo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 192. c. tab. Scolymocephalus foliis angustis longis. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 288. t. 893. f. b. ! Leucadendron Scolymocephahim. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 92. ed. ii, p. 135. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 323. Protea Scolymus. Thunb. Diss. n. 36.* Prod.26. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 236. n.1931. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 522. Poiret. En- cyc. Botan. 5. p. 647. And. Repos. 409. Wend. Sert. Hanov. t. 20. Sims, Bot. Mag. 698. Protea angustifolia. Salisb. Prod. A9. Has. In Africe Australis ericetis elevatioribus, prope Prom. B.Spei. (v. v. in Hort. Angl.) 20. E. N foliis lanceolato-linearibus mucronatis pun- gentibus basi obtusa, bracteis involucri lanceolatis mucro- natis glabris, caule erecto multifloro. i Protea Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 87 Protea mucronifolia. Salisb. Farpd, 24. Sims, Bot. Mag. 933. And. Repos. 500. Protea odoratissima. Masson. in Herb. Ait. | Has. In Africä Australi. Masson. In arenosis prope Berg. River. Niven. (v. v. in Hort. Hibbert.) 21. P. nana, foliis subulatis mucronatis, involucris nutantibus hemispheericis ; bracteis glabris obtusis. "Thymelea ethiopica abietiformis floribus phonies. Pluk. Mant. 180. Leucadendron nanum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 325.* Berg. Cap. 22.* exclus. syn. Petiv. ad feminam Aulacis pinifoliz . jam citato. Protea rosacea. Linn. Mant. p. 189.* Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 118. Protea nana. Thunb. Diss. n. 29.* Prod. 20. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 484. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 519. Protea rosacea. Lam. lllust. Gen. 1. p. 238. n. 1251. Poiret. - Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 653. Smith, Exot. Bot. 1. p. 85. t. 44. Protea acuifolia. Salisb. Parad. 2. Has. In Africa Australis montosis; prope Roode Zant Cas- cade. (v.s.in Herb. Linn. a Bergio.) | Oss. Nomen Cel. Bergii utpoté primum, nec ineptum et a Thunbergio, Dryandro et Willdenovio receptum, pretuli. *22. P. pendula, foliis lineari-lanceolatis mucronulatis : termina- libus ramorum floriferorum recurvorum reclinatis, bracteis ` involucri obtusis demüm glabriusculis. Has. In Africa Australi. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami teretes, glabri ; ultimi tenuissimé tomentosi: floriferi supra medium recurvi. Folia sparsa, : passim 88 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. passim subopposita, frequentia, modice patentia; extra me- dium parüm latiora, obtusa, mucronulo patenti, marginibus subrecurvis, glauca, compacta, adulta glaberrima, sesquiun- ciam longa. Jmvolucra pendula, solitaria, hemispherica, magnitudine Pruni: Bracteis arcte imbricatis, imberbibus exutä pube tenuissima sericea demüm glabriusculis ; interi- oribus sensim longioribus. Calyces inclusi, submutici, lami- nis barbatis, Stylus glaber, vix uncialis, apice simplici. 23. P. tenax, foliis lineari-lanceolatis planis: basi attenuatis; i margine scabriusculis, ramis decumbentibus, involucro he- mispherico sericeo obtuso, calycis (uncialis) unguibus gla- briusculis: aristis lanatis laminá dimidio-brevioribus. Erodendrum tenax. Salisb. Parad. "E Has. In Africe Australis depressis, Lange Kloof. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutev diffusus. Rami glabri v. hirsuti. "Folia 4—6 uncias longa, 4—6 lineas lata, acuta, uninervia, venis ob- soletis, minute punctulata, scabriuscula ; ramorum subse- cunda. ZInvolucrum bracteis concavis, tenuissimé ciliatis, exterioribus ovatis ; interioribus oblongis. Calyx unguibus supra pilosiusculis ; laminis dorso nudiusculis. ‚St ylus glaber, apice simplici. 24. P. canaliculata, foliis linearibus aveniis letia : suprà con- | caviusculis; ramisque glabris decumbentibus, involucro ob- tuso: bracteis interioribus subsericeis, calycis unguibus gla- ; bris: aristis penicillatis lamine dimidio brevioribus. Protea canaliculata. And. Repos. 437. | Has. In Africe Australis depressis arenosis, Lange Kloof. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Lambert.) Ly eee ~ ‘Desc. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 89 Disc. Frutex subdecumbens. (Niven.) Folia frequentia, 4—6 uncias longa, vix duas lineas lata, acuta. JInvolucrum mag- nitudine pruni, Bracteis concavis; exterioribus glabratis ; interioribus brevissime ciliatis. Calyx uncialis, unguibus -laminisque glabris : Aristis albo-barbatis. Siiyhis glaber aiice simplici. | 25. P. acaulis, caulibus abbreviatis ramis depressis, foliis ob- ovato-oblongis marginatis venosis basi attenuatis, involucris hemispheericis inclinatis ; bracteis obtusis glabris; calycibus = muticis. _ | | ‘Scolymocephalus Riteana folie oblongis glabris humilis et procumbens. Herm. Cat. 19. Scol ymocephalus Africanus Lauri folio humilis et procumbens. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9. Lepidocarpodendron ; acaulon ; . foliis paucis, latis, nervo et marginibus rubris ornatis ; fructu pus Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2%; 191.* Gb, Scolymocepbalus s. Lepidocarpodendron acaulon. Weinm. Phyt. ~“ &. p. 991. t. 898. b. bona. . Protea caule unifloro foliis lanceolatis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186. Leucadendron acaulon. Wachend. Ultraj. 204. Linn. | Sp. IL ed. i. p. 92. ed. ii. p. 135.* Syst. Nat. xii. ga 2. p ieg in Mant. et Syst. Veg. : xiii. _ Protea acaulis, Thunb. Diss. n. 49*. Prod 27. Willd. Sp. PI. 1. M D c ie nana. Lam. Tilust. jer FA p 283. n. 1208. Poiret. En- — c. Botan. dog UJ a s fea glaucophylla. Salisb. Parad. 11. Has. In Africe Australis collibus, prope . Fromoni; B. Spei. o (v. v. juxta Simons Bay.) YOL. Ys. N | #26, P. elon- + a 90 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. *26. P. elongata, caulibus nanis, foliis elongato-lanceolatis (pe- dalibus) planis marginatis venosis levibus; basi valde atte- nuata lineari, involucro hemispherico inclinato; bracteis glabris obtusis, calycibus brevissime aristatis. —Haz. In Afric; Australis humidis elevatioribus. Roode. Zant Cascade. .D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.) . Oss. Nimis afünis ES acauli. : ‘#27. P, angustata, caulibus nanis, foliis learediato-Tnearibus 1 planis, marginatis venosis levibus, involucro hemispherico inclinato: bracteis glabris obtusis, calycibus muticis: un- guibus extis glabris margi ne lanatis. Haz. In Africe Australis montosis Bl fertiliori ; Hout Hoek. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.) en Ogs. An species distincta a P. acdule? | | =: > '*98, P. revoluta, caulibus nanis, foliis canaliculato-semiteretibus Iz vibus, involucro hemispheerico inclinato : bracteis glabris obtusis, calycibus muticis: unguibus extüs glabris margine - lanatis. Has. In Africe Australis Makthi aridis. D. Niven. (v. 8 s. in Herb. Hibbert.). ‘Desc. Frutex huniilis, basi divisus. Rami adscendentes, de : bri, vix longitudine foliorum. Folia 6—9 uncias longa, acu- ta, impunctata, marginibus recurvis, simplicibus, canalicu- lata, infra medium teretiuscula parümque attenuata. ‚Invo- | en brevissimé pedunculatum magnitudine pruni mino- ii Galyeie lamine sericeæ. Stylus glaber, apice simplici. *29, P. tenuifolia, cab nanis, folii canaliculato-semiteretibus -scabris, Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 01 = scabris, involucro hemispharico : bracteis tomentosis, caly- cis unguibus laminisque hirsutis : aristis brevissimis. < Has. In Africe Australis montibus sterilibus. ID. Niven. (v. s. . in Herb. Hibbert.) ` ) TA Desc.. Folia numerosa, punctis elevatis beri scabra, mar- ginibus revolutis canaliculata, basi planiuscula, spithamea v. dodrantalia. Involucrum erectum, sessile, magnitudine po- mi minoris, tomento ferrugineo tardids deciduo. Calyx ses- quiuncialis laminarum villis brevioribus, aristis (mucronibus potiüs) duabus mir eig brevioribus. pha "iet apice simplici. - *30. P. Levis, caulibus nanis decumbentibus, foliis elongato- linearibus levibus aveniis marginibus recurvis, involucro hemispheerico : bracteis obtusis subsericeis, calycibus sub- uncialibus muticis. Has. In Africä Australi. D. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) Desc. Caulis brevissimus, decumbens (Masson.) glaber. Folia secunda, glauca; spithamea, acuta, marginibus levibus non incrassatis, basi attenuata plana. Involucrum sessile, erec- tum, magnitudine pomi minoris ; Bracteis primüm subseri- ceis, demüm glabriusculis, marginibus brevissime ciliatis. Calyx unguibus Tèr glabriusculi, margine lanatis; Laminis villosis. i Ë * aad | ; ad E E Yi , *31. P. scabra, caulibus nanis, foliis. Ol aei scabris obsoleté venosis, margine subrecurvis, involucro turbinato- hemispheerico: bracteis obtusis tomentosis, unguibus calycis hirsutis: aristis lamina dimidio brevioribus. (t5 © Han. In Africá Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. Gul. Rox- burgh M. D. (v. s.in Herb. Soc. Linn.) - N2 2 Dzsc. ub ee cH Sen å E] e Mr. Brown, on the Proteacec of Jussieu. Dzsc. Caulis semisepultus, divisus, ramis adscendentibus; folio brevioribus. Folia’ conferta, erecta, spithamea, vix pedalia, 3—4 lineas lata, apice acuto sphacelato, uninervia, obsolet& venosa, utrinque tuberculis pustuliformibus scabra, aliisque minutissimis conspersa, basi attenuata petioliformi lavi. AInvolucrum sessile, erectum, magnitudine pomi: minoris ; Bracteis tomento ferrugineo demüm subdeciduo. Calya vix semuncialis; laminis hirsutis ; aristis un — cinereis. ferrugineisve. ee In- Herbario D. Hibbert Pestis vidi Foliis: ii elongato-lanceolatis ; Involucris turbinatis ; Calycibus albo- dana tid. aristarum lana longiore magisque implexa ; Sore bi- inciali, vix arcuato: an oe len? my TESIT F Fe ender! inne 32. Ht repens, oncle nanis, foliis: elongato-linearibus: scabri- > nguli margine revolutis, involucro turbinato:: bracteis ob- - tusis tomentosis : interioribus | margine lanatis, 'calycibus'bi- uncialibus ; unguibus hirsutis; aristis pnis brevioribus, pes apice simplici. bite * asini sb Lepidocarpodendron; foliis a angustissimis, fructum: elegantissime ex rubro flavo et albo: ‘variegatum instar coronze- St accen: s N re € ce es oe 2. gue. 3 real oni Hog H Bre Seo 8. “Lephtoeurpodenten foliis longissimis. Weinm. Phyt. À. p. 290. t. 897. a. As Protea caule unifloro calyce E: foliis — RON —Leucadendron: ME pes bos Linn. mis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 185. Leucadendron, foliis- bone, obtuse Fg Sie longitudine florem superantibus.: ee Seale PURI p.135. ; oe REES foe HET ee | Toia N Migros a Thunb. Diss, n. 38.* : Prod. 26. Lam, Illust. 1. = p. 236. n. 1230. Willd. z Pll => 2598... Poiret. — Bo- to tan 5. p. Gabi? avit veis A Has. In Africe Australis ici iit arenosis - rere Prom. B. Spei. (v; s. in Herb. Banks) ^ -> rini Ogs. Varietas? foliis vix punctatis, ee Mr. Brown; on the Proteacee of Jussieu. *33. P. lorea; caulibus nanis, foliis teretibus elongatis levibus, - involucro turbinato sub-pedunculato: bracteis acutiusculis -sericeis, calycis unguibus extüs: — & aristis lamina bre- vioribus, stylo apice curvato. Haz. In Afric& Australi, prope Piortont. B. Spei. 1 D. Masson. : (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) Desc. Caulis brevissimus, semisepultus. - Folia numerosa, pe- dalia, crassitie fili ligaterii. Involucrum pedunculo ‘brevi squamis. arcté imbricatis tecto : Bracteis exterioribus ovatis. ^ acutiusculis, interioribus oblongo-linearibus. Calyx Ungui- «bus Laminisque extüs Aristis: — a: brevi igna. alba. e Stylus. Vinea M nis Pr 34. P. T. SEND E nanis, foliis dodge atis 8 mar-- ginatis subundulatis levibus, involucro subturbinato : _brac- teis tomentosis obtusis, asd: aristis longitüditie laminarum: lana apicis longiore crispa.. - ge i paf. LI GS Eeodindram turbiniflorum. Sal lis y » Parad. 108. Br tea ciespitosa. And. Repos. 526. ~, Mou ual Has. In. Africee Australis doütihasi in Hilmi kol fertilior. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. . Hibbert.) po 6 te un oe e. i^ Diese} Caules ceespitosi, abbreviati; divisi, erecti. : Folia wni- j nervia, venosa, juniora villosa, adulta glabra, nitida, a, min tissime punctata, acutissima, basi valdé attenuata. tioli. ; formis: Rate iS 94 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. — formi, spithamea, vix pedalia, unciam circiter lata ; extima ramorum nana, biuncialia, basi vix attenuata, membranacea, subscariosa. Involucrum sessile, vix biunciale: Bracteis sub- | incanis, ciliatis, interioribus apice lanatis. Calyx unguibus laminisque lanatis: Aristis curvatis, albo-lanatis, land ter- minali fulvà, Stylus glaber, apice levissimé curvato. *35. P. Scolopendrium, caulibus nanis, folii elongato-lanceolatis marginatis levibus, involucro turbinato: bracteis lanceola- tis acuminatis apice tomentosis, aristis calycis lamina di- midio brevioribus. Has. In Africa Australi, glintersboek. D. Joh. Roxburgh. (v. s. in Herb. Lambert.) Desc. Caulis foliis aliquoties brevior. Folia pedalia, sesqui- . unciam vix duas uncias lata, costá subtùs eminente, venis ramosis minutissimé punctata, basi valdé attenuata. Invo- ‚ lucra subsessilia, solitaria v. bina, quandoque tres uncias longa: Bracteis interioribus apice tomento persistente cine- reis. Calyx lanatus. Stylus glaber, infra medium dilatatus. Ovarii barba alba. — Tt Flores laterales. 36. p. cordata, floribus lateralibus, foliis cordatis subrotundis nervosis, bracteis involucri glabris. Protea cordata. Thunb. Diss. n. 60.* tab. 5. di Prod. 28. —— Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 233. n. 1207. Willd. Sp. Pl, 1. p. 334, Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 639, And. Repos. 289. Protea cordifolia. Sims, Bot. Mag. 649. Has. In Afric Australis montibus, Hottentots Holland et prope Fluvium Exc oct Thunb. l. c. (v. s. in lerb. Banks.) 37. P. am- Mr. Brown, on the Proteucee of Jussieu. — 95 37. P. amplexicaulis, floribus lateralibus, foliis cordatis- ovatis | amplexicaulibus divaricatis apicc recurvis, bracteis involu- -. em pubescentibus. Erodendrum amplexicaule. Salisb. Parad. 67. Protea repens. And. Repos. 453. : Has. In Africá Australi. D. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) 38.. P. humilis, floribus lateralibus, foliis linearibus acutis, (biun- | .cialibus,) receptaculo conico: paleis acutis. . Protea humiflora. dnd. Repos. 532. .. 5 ? Haz. In Africá Australi. D. Masson. (v. s s. in Herb. Banks.) . Desc. Caulis nanus. Rami glabri. Folia plana, fere 3 uncias longa. Involucra hemispheerica, bracteis obtusis, interiori- bus apice pube adpressä ferrugineä. : *39. P. acerosa, floribus lateralibus, foliis subulatis, receptaculo convexiusculo : paleis obtusis, | Has. In Africá Australi. D Masson. (ws s. in Herb. Banks.) Deso. Caulis brevis. Rami erecti, glabri. Folia levia. In- - tolucra ramea, subaggregata, breviter pedunculata; Brac- teis obtusis, interioribus pube diutiüs persistenti subsericeis. Calyx muticus, apice barbato. Mace tonal, palez connate. .. Squamule hypo gyne subulate. — ^. i Oss. Varietas : ? Foliis longioribus pain aboot semitere- | tibusi in Herbario et Hort. D. Hibbert vidi, que secundum D. Niven. 3—4 pedes : alta in montosis solo fertiliori prope Zon- ' der End. lecta. . Hec Protea. virgata. Aud. Repos. our. _ P | p 6 LEUCOSPERMUM. en Mo Salisb. Parad. Protez | sect. 3. Li s hend CoNocARPODENDRA (spuria 196 et 198). Boerh, Lugd. Cuar. T: - 96 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Cuar. Gen. Calyz irregularis, labiatus, unguibus tribus (raró om- nibus) coherentibus, laminis staminiferis distinctis, Stylus filiformis, deciduus. Stigma incrassatum, glabrum (nunc inz- quilaterale). Nux ventricosa, sessilis, levis. Capitulum inde- finité multiflorum : Involucro polyphyllo imbricato. Hasırvs. Frütiees sepe humiles, quandoque arborescentes, plerique ~ tomentosi v. hirsuti. Folia integra v. apice calloso-dentata. | — Capitula terminalia; Floribus flavis, modà imbricatis bracteis di- stinguentibus persistentibus induratis ; modó fastieiatis recep- taculo planiusculo, paleis angustis, non mutatis, subdeciduis. P — t Capitulum amentaceum ; Bracteis propriis persistentibus sulinduratis. 1. L. lineare, stylo calycem hirsutum superante, stigmate hinc gibboso, involucro tomentoso, foliis linearibus integris ; cal- lo apicis subbarbato, ramis glabris. ! E al Protea linearis. Thunb. Diss. n. 35.* tab. 4. pedunculo insolità - elongato stylisque apice nimis arcuatis. Thunb. Prod. 26. ~ Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1241. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 521. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 650. | | Has. In Africe Australis arenosis. Paarl, Drakenstein, Stel- lenboch. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. Lambert. Soc. Linn.) Oss. Folia sæpiùs canaliculata marginibus inflexis, nunquam reflexis, callo apicis villis albis diu tecto; dumm plana ob- 24 soleté striata marginibus scabriusculis ; rarissime 2—3-den- *2. L. attenuatum, stylo calycem hirsutum superante, stigmate subzquilaterali, foliis cuneato-linearibus tridentatis aveniis basi attenuata, involucris ramisque tomentosis, iu Has. In Africe Australis arenosis elevatioribus inter saxa; ^ Zwellendam. : Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. m -"Zwellendam. D. Niven. vel in ‘Herb. Banks? Thiet. Hibbert.) | Desc. Frutex. erectus, EEE Rami strictly crassitie pen- ne anserine, incani. Folia glaberrima, leevia, basi uninervi vix tortá, crassa, raró S-dentata, sesquiuncialia, biuncialia. Capitula solitaria v. gemina, breviter pedunculata, obovata, magnitudine pruni majoris. Bractec involucri ovate, acumi- nat, arcte imbricate ; pedunculi patulae. Stylus calyce unam quartam longior. Stigma conico-ovatum. RU Hujus Varietas? insignis. Foliis latioribus, apice pro- funde tridentatis, dentibus lateralibus szepissimé bi- interme- dio tri-dentatis. Ramulis preter tomentum incanum villis . patulis brevibus. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.) - 3. 1 Tottum, stylo calycem iiis 4 — stigtiste: iic gibboso, foliis lineari-oblongis : sub-integris venosis basi — tusä, bracteis involucri glabris ciliatis. ^^ — Protea Totta. Linn. Mant. 191.* fide spec. in n illius Herb. Thunb. Diss. n. 54.* Prod. 27. La , Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1924. — Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 532. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 644. Haz. In Afric: Australis montosis ; owes Lise sati (v.s. in Herb. Linn., Bankasya ich id oyoobi diis sings Frutex subdecumbens (secund. D. Nied Rami Sab is hirsuti, quandoque glabri. Folia interdum 2—3-dentata, venis obsoletis. b^ MabLeh: Spi sig pes | pee | indivisum. UI Fn 4 ego T. “te: dm E is Ra oe 24. L. pueros P thecal ince for’ bis Soperantey stiginati | ^ hinc gibboso, foliis lineari-oblongis integris pannie 2—53- dentatis: callis acutis ; basi obtusá, bracteis nie tenu- | issime pubescentibus ciliatis, capitulis cernuis. =”, VOL. X. i hr o Protea ‘ 98 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. ! Protea formosa. And. Repos. 17? qua differt tamen, Foliis longioribus, Calycibus unilabiatis unguibus omnibus longitu- dinaliter coharentibus, Bracteis involucri sphacelatis, Stig- mate ovato-oblongo vix gibboso. | Has. In Africe Australis montibus. (v. s. in Herb. Soc: Linn.) | . Oss. Species inter L. Tottum et ellipticum media, illo ifolue, hoc floribus fere exacté conveniens. 5. L. ellipticum, stylo calycem hirsutum ferè bis superante, stig- mate conico-ovato hinc gibboso, foliis oblongis 3—4-denta- tis; basi obtusis; biuncialibus: bracteis involucri tenuissim& » pubescentibus ciliatis, capitulis erectis. — . Proton elliptica. Thunb. Diss. n. 15.* Prod. 26. Willd. 2h. Pl, 1 onip 512. Protea vestita. Lam. Ilust. Gen. 1. p. . 939. n. 1959 ?. i. . Protea conocarpa A. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 657: ? ‚Has. In Afriez Australis montibus. (v. s.) Os. Colli apicis foliorum obtusiusculi. *6. L. milii stylo calycem supra sericeum bis superante, stig- . mate obliquo turbinato! involucri bracteis tomentosis inca- nis, capitulis nutantibus, foliis ovatis oblongisve 3—5-den- tatis; basi obtusis. æ. Foliis subovatis cordatis vix desquidücialibnso, j B. Foliis lineari-oblongis basi simplicibus, 2—3 uncias longis. Has. In Africæ Australis montibus. a Maii (v. s. «. in Herb. Banks., g. in Herb. Lambert.) - si Ogs. Distincta stigmate pe eos depresso, axi V dogiitu- dinalielevata. = . . | s . Variat ramis tomentosis et hitsutis, 7. L. Con- Mr. Brown, on the Proteacea of Jussieu, Yo A 7. L. Conocarpum, stylo calycem villosissimum superante, stig- mate subzequilaterali oblongo-conico, foliis ovalibus 3—9- dentatis, ramis bracteisque hirsutissimis. | Scolymocephalus africanus latifolius lanuginosus foliis. in sum- mitate crenatis. Herm. Cat. 20. T Leucadendro similis Africana shot argentea folio summo cre- naturis florida. Plukn. Phyt. t. 200. f. 2. folium, sed nux vix hujus generis. _ Leucadendron, africana uiuis nn summo folio crenato. Plukn. Alm. 212. [re - Conophoros capitis Bone Spéij; folis in summo Piet. Raj. Hist. 3. App. 240. Petiv. Mus. 172. fide spec. in Herb. Petiv. Conocarpodendron ; folio crasso, nervoso, lanuginoso, suprà ' erenato, ibique limbo rubro ; flore aureo; cono facilé deci- . duo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 9. p. 196. c. tab. bona. | Scolymocephalus africanus folio crasso nervoso. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 292. t. 899. f. b.. TM ET -Protea foliis oblongo-ovatis abe. quinquedentato-calloss Roy. Lugd. Bat. 184. — ger | DE un Leucadendron foliis ovatis ania bas, margine calloso o> fimbriatis ad apicem crenatis. Wachend. Ultraj. 209. ` Leucadendron Conocarpodendron. Lina. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 5 95. © ed. il. p. 186. Syst. Nat. xii. t. 2. p. 110. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 321. Omiss. in Linn. Mant. et Syst. Veg. xiii. - Protea conocarpa. Thunb. Diss. n. 14.* desc. partim a L. gran- difloro desumptä. Thunb. Prod. 25. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 512. ` Lam. IHllust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1260. tab. 53. f. 3. mala, præ- E floribus separatis. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 656. Has. In Africe Australis campis et collibus MOM > Promont. B. Spei. (v. v. ad littora Simon's ee | :3:soia^9t 8 RE, gron- 100: Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 8. L. grandiflorum, stylo calycem villosissimum superante, stig- mate wzquilaterali oblongo-cylindraceo, foliis. oblongo-lan- ceolatis tridentatis integrisque, ramis dbp tee bracteis involucri glabris ciliatis. xi Leucadendron grandiflorum. Salisb. md 116. Has. In Africe Australis montosis. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. sub nomine Protez villosiusculz. ) 3 9. L. puberum; stylo calycem hirsutum superante, stigmate zequi- laterali ovato, foliis lanceolatis ellipticisve integris uncia bre- vioribus pubescentibus, ramis hirsutis, bracteis involucri in- cano-villosis ellipticis longè acuminatis. Protea pubera. Linn. Mant. 192.* fide. spec. in illius Herb. ex- . clusis synonymis. Thunb. T€ n. 56.* Prod. 27. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1216. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 538. excl. syn. Bergii. Poiret. Enci yc. Mies dsp. 642... As In Africa Australis summis montibus; Hottentot’ s Hol- ‚land. (v.s.in Herb. Banks., Lambert.) Oss. Variat foliis angusto-lanceolatis. .*10. L. buaifolium, stylo calycem hirsutum superante, stigmate zquilaterali ovato, foliis ovalibus obtusis integris unguicu- -laribus pubescentibus, ramis hirsutis, bracteis involucri or- biculato-ov atis breviter; acuminatis glabriusculis, ciliatis. Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Masson. (ve s. in Herb. Banks.) Opa Proximum priori et fort cum eo a Tounbergio con- fusum. _ k a a uc ? i 1 XH Es patulum, stylo calycem. tomentoso-villorum su "pate, : 3 stigmate Mr. Brown, on the Proteacec of Sissies 101 stigniate: *equilaterali ovato, foliis. spathulato-linearibus in- tegris : adultis glabris, ramis divaricatis SEEC Capitulis pedunculatis. | Han. In Africa Australi. Massi! (v. s. in. Herb. Banks.) ` Desc. Frutex humilis, ramosissimus. Folia conferta, uncia bre- viora, basi angustata, callo apicis acutiusculo, summa to- mentosa. Capitula magnitudine avellanz ; pedunculo to- mentoso, bracteis lanceolatis; Bractee involucrantes ovate, : acuminatee, orbit incanz. I lu, bilabia- ibis Stylus lineas oigas. yai Brev e. üt. *12. L. spathulatum, stylo calycem villoso-tomentosum super- ante, stigmate :equilaterali, foliis. spathulatis basi: lineari : adultis glabris uncialibus, ramis hirsutis patulis, capitulis pe- dunculatis, bracteis tomentosis acuminatis. een Has. In Africä Australi. D. Niven.. (v. s. in Herb.: Hibbert.) „Dëse: Frutex humilis, ramosissimus. Rami villis brevibus, pa- = tomentoque cinereo instructi. Folia elliptico-spathu- ata, 'basi attenuata, lineari, tortä: callo apicis. obtuso; ob- wes venosa. “Capitu uum magnitudine juglandis minoris ; ~~ Braeteis involucrantibus ovatis, acuminatis. Calyces villis e geris dense tecti, laminarum. eecombentibus, om FOREN N ag sublóngiidhie: aly tie: eagle erecto, folie: linearibus cuneatisve tridentatis tomentosis, rs lanceolatis tubum calycis subaquantibus. - j Prts tomentosa. ae: Diss. n. 18.* Prod. 96, due Buys. 118. 19 me 102 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 118. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1257. Willd. Sp. PI. 1. p.514. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 656. . &. foliis linearibus canaliculatis aveniis, ramis bracteisque to- mentosis, calycis laminis barbatis. ß. foliis lineari-cuneatis planis subvenosis 3—5-dentatis, ramis hirsutis, bracteis calycisque laminis tomentosis. Protea candicans. And. Repos. 294. y. foliis linearibus planis ramis hirsutis, "es glabriusculis ciliatis. ! Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Promont. B. Spei. (v.s in Herb. Banks., Lambert., et Soc. Linn.) - Ogs. Plante pro varietatibus suprà habitæ fortè species di- stinctæ. . 14. L. Hypophyllum, stylo longitudine calycis, caule procum- bente, foliis linearibus tridentatis, bracteis orbiculato-ov ratis tomentosis tubo calycis dimidio brevioribus. Thymelæa capitata Rapunculoides Nerii crassioribus foliis sum- mo apice tridentatis æthiopica coniformi calyce squamato. Plukn. Mant. 181. t. 440. f. 3. | Conophoros capensis folio angusto summo dentato. Peto. Mus. 900. fide spec. in illius Herbar. | . Scolymocephalos foliis angustis in summitate tridentatis. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9. Conocarpodendron ; folio rigido, angusto, apice tridentato ru- bro; flore aureo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 198.* c. tab. Scolymocephalus seu Conocarpodendron folio angusto. Weinm, Phyt. 4. p. 294. 1.902. f. a. Protea foliis lanceolato-linearibus apice tridettitbedillosis, Linn. Hort. Cliff. 29. Herb. Cliff. absque fructificatione. Protea Mr. Brown, on thei Proteacee of Jussieu. 103 Protea foliis lanceolatis linearibus apice tridentato callosis ca- pitulis aphyllis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 184. Wachend. Ultraj. 202. Leucadendron Hypophyllocarpodendron. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p.93. ed. ii. p.136. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 321.* Berg. u. Lan 16 Protea Hypophyllocarpodendron. ‚Linn. Mant. 191.* desc. opt. Protea Hypophylla. Thunb. Diss. n. 16.* Prod.26. Lam. Il- . lust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1256. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 513. Poiret, Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 655. Has. In Africe Australis sabulosis depressis prope Prom. B. Spei. (v.v. in collibus juxta Simon's Bay.) Oss. Variat foliis glabris, pubescentibus et incano-tomentosis, 9—5-dentatis passimque integris, planis canaliculatisve, ramis nudiusculis, villosis v. tomentosis ; Capitulis subsessilibus pedunculatisque ; Bracteis laté ovatis, acutis orbiculatisve. tt Receptaculum planiusculum ; Bracteis propriis angustis deciduis. *15. L. molle, foliis ellipticis acutis 2—3-dentatis integrisve sub- ‚sericeo-pubescentibus mollibus, bracteis exterioribus glabri- usculis, stigmate ovato. Has. In Africz Australis montibus. (v. s. d | Oss. Proximum L. crinito, diversum figura foliorum. et fort? caule procumbenti. - - 16. is crinitum, foliis obovato-oblongis obineis 3—— 8-dentatis in- - tegrisve ; basi angustatis; pubescentibus demum glabris sca- briusculis, bracteis omnibus villosis. _ ; Protea crinita. Thunb. Diss. n. 13 ?* Prod. 95. Willd. Sp. PI. l. p. 511? Poiret, Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 651. | Has. In Africa Australi. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) | 17. JA ole- 104 . Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jüssieu. 17. L. oleefolium, foliis ovali-oblongis sublanceolatisve tridenta- tis et integris : adultis glabris, bracteis omnibus _— stig- mate oblongo. Leucadendron olezfolium. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. ; p 320. = Berg. Cap. 15.* Protea criniflora. Linn. Cheat 117.* - Has. In Africa Australi. (v. s. in Herb. I : Oss. Duplex varietas, altera. foliis ovali-oblongis obtusis ; ; brac- teis exterioribus glabriusculis apice barbatis : altera foliis . lineari-oblongis acutiusculis bracteis omnibus villosis. - Añ- be à L. crinito diverse foliis basi haud angustatä. 18. des diffu isun bs foliis. cuneato-linearibus ; integris. 2—3-den ta- ` tisve basi angustatis : adultis. glabris, r »rocumbentil bracteis tomentosis lanceolatis - acuminatis. calyce d im idi brevioribus. ei Protea heterophylla. Thunb. Diss.n. it? ton 962. Willd. Speke Deg SIS e. 2 Has. In Africä Australi. Gul. ies M. D. pats s. in Be Banks. et Soc. Linn.) | Desc. Frutex prostratus? Rami. longi, glabri. y. Pen quan- doque adscendentes. Folia uncialia, plana v. marginibus leviter inflexis concaviuscula, obsolete venosa, in ramis prostratis secunda. | Capitula solitaria, breviter pedunculata, turbinata, magnitudine avellanze ; Bractee involucri i incanee, calyce hirsuto dimidio breviores. _ Pistillum. calyce sesqui- longius. Stigma clavatum stylo. capillari pack, crassius, Ons.. Species sti tide aid | =e se ee té CERT a a u Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussien, 105 7 MIMETES. Salisb. Parad. Hyropu YLLOCARPODENDRON, . Boerh. Lugd. Pnorzz Sp. 9—10. Linn. Mant. — CHARGEN. Calyx quadripartitus, equalis, laciniis disti cti Sty- lus filiformis, deciduus. Stiema cylindraceum, gracile. Nur ventricosa, sessilis, levis. Receptaculum commune planum, paleis angustis, deciduis. SUUM indefinite polyphyllum, imbricatum. ITABITUS. Frutices. Folia integra v. calloso-dentata. Capitula aril- laria, in quibusdam folio s superiori cucullato amplexa ! quandoque ‘terminalia. Involucra membranacea, raró coriacea, nunc dimi. diata ! Pistilla calyce post expansionem Jlaccido longiora. Stig- ^ ma sæpissimè ii rua t Capitula axillaria. 1. M. hir ta, involucris :quilateralibus coloratis acuminatis se- ; mi-exsertis 8—10-floris, stigmate subulato, laminis calycis _ plumosis, foliis acutis integerrimis. — Scolymocephalus Africanus argenteus foliis Doryenii Plateau. Herman. Cat. Mt. M Conophoros capensis foliis pilosis. apice nigricante, Pins. Mus. 62. fid. spec. in illius Herb. | Lepidocarpodendron ; ; foliis sericeis, brevibus, confertissimé . nàtis; fructu gracili, longo Boerh. Lugd. eid 2. p. 194. “ tab. En coly nocephalus aa argenteus foliis bibet Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 292. t. 899. bona. _ es hirtum. Aman. Acad. 6, p. 83.* NU b ed. ii. p. TOG m ee VOE X. C | P. | Protca . 106 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Protea hirta. Linn. Mant. p: 188:* (Herb. Linn.) Thunb. Diss. n. 55.* exclus. syn. Boerh. Lugd.:2. p. 205. Thunb. Prod. 27.. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n..19 134 ESP P4 Lb p. 532. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5.. p. 641. pao Han. In Africee Australis campis veda in. aon n dis. | (eve in salibus Pumich prope Simon’ s Bay.) : fx es ei NM “> M. capitulata, ee "=quilateralibus” coloratis. acutis Se- mi-exsertis pubescentibus 8—10-floris, stigmate, apice co- nico-incrassato !. laminis calor RER foliis acutis inte- gerrimis. nm Han. „In Africa Australi. Gul. Bashursh M. D. .(v..s. in $ Ki AN 18 “Desc. Prater: erectus. Rami Mes. Folia elliptico- lanceolata, vix uncialia, pabon oi haud serice liata, floralia parlım latiora; Involucra foliis paulò longiora; Bracteis ellipticis, acutis, rubris. tenuissimd pubescentibus. | Calyces involucro . vix longiores. i: Styli calycibus fer& duplo longiores apice parüm | incrassato tetragono subfusiformi. Stigma stylo nodulo articuliformi connexum, cylindraceum, sulcatum, apice duplo oto ERNST: SA Eis banada dan en Es ti TR tibus ! laminis. nudiusculis, . stigmate. cylindraceo, oliis puni in- tegerrimis sericeis. ; IIT Has. In Africa Austiali. Gul. eim. M. D Aus s. in Herb. s el e. e Mr. Brown, on the Proteacez of Jussieu. 107 versus lucem. tantummodd obviis. -Involucra cylindracea, foliis sesquilongiora. | Bracteis membranaceis, rubris, exti- mis obtusis ter brevioribus. Calyx involucro feré unam quar- tam longior; Unguibus hirsutis; Laminis glabriusculis, pube brevi adpressá. Stylus calycem vix superans, extra medium angulatus. Stigma cylindraceum, sub-emarginatum, crassitie styli, quo cum nodulo connexum. 4, M. cucullata, involucris inzequilateralibus subdimidiatis acu- minatis glabriusculis, foliis lineari-oblongis tridentatis gla- bris: floralibus infrà dilatatis marginibus recurvis, stigmate 7 Fabii acutissimo. Scolymocephalus africana, foliis angustis brevioribus, tribus in summitate denticulis, capas falis initétongtis- Herm. Afr. 90. ! or poe euisdqsnda Leucadendros africana s. ee angtistiori folio api- cibus tridentatis. . Plukn. Alm. 219. t. 304. f. 6. bona. Hypophyllocarpodendron foliis inferioribus apice trifido rubro superioribus ie rubris. glabris. Boer. Lugd. Bat. 2. ^p. 206. c. tab. - 2 Scélfinodehiatas: seu H ypophyllocarpodendron foli tribus i in summitate. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 297. 1.905. Protea foliis lanceolatis obtusis foliis DPE r apice tri- -> dentato-callosis. Roy: Lugd. Bat. 184. f A abi dendtin foliis cuneiformibus apice tridentato-callosis -summis ultra florem protensis. JVachend. Ultraj. 203. TREE cucullatum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 98. ed. ii. 'p. 136: Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 320.*. Berg. Cap. 14.* Protea cucullata. Linn. Mant. 189.* Thunb. Diss. n. 17.* Prod. 26. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1258. PR: PP. Pl.1. p.514. Poiret. Encyc. Botan, 5. p. 650.* - P2 Han. 108 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacec of Jussieu. Has. In Afric Australis uliginosis prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. v. juxta Simon's Bay et Constantiam.) Oss. Frutex 2—3 pedes altus.. Folia vix sesquiuncialia, sub- avenia; floralia suprà glabriuscula. Stigma infra apicem non incrassatum. Varietas foliis unciá brevioribus subline- aribusi: year | | i pa oe ES z x = f SET a EEF OGIEN 5. M. Hartogii, involucris inæquilateralibus subdimidiatis : brac- teis acuminatis pubescentibus : interioribus tomentosis inca- nis, foliis lineari-oblongis tridentatis: adultis glabris mar- ginibus niveo-lanatis ;: floralium apice angustato supra seri- ceo, stigmate extra medium fusiformi: acumine setaceo. - Hypophyllocarpodendron; foliis lanuginosis, in apice trifido — rubro quasi florescens. . Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 205. c. tab. Scolymocephalus seu Hypophyllocarpodendron foliis lanugi- nosis. .JFeinm. Phyt: 4. ps 297. t.906.a. 3 Protea cucullata 8. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1258. Has. In Africe Australis collibus, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. v. in montibus juxta False Bay.) | He Desc. Arbuscula orgyalis. Rami patentes, tomentosi. Folia frequentia; imbricata, plana, biuncialia et ultra, 8 lineas lata, subvenosa, utrinque tenuissim& pubescentia, pube de- —-—. mum decidua, land marginis persistenti; floralia dimidio in- feriore dilatato, oblongo, marginibus reflexis cucullato, ca- pitulum proximé inferius amplexante ; superiore breviore, lineari, suprà sericeo, marginibus: planis. - Calyx: sesquiun- cialis, plumoso-barbatus. Stylus calycem su perans, sulcato- angulatus. Stigma sulcato-quádrangulum sulcis striä parùm elevatå. Receptacui um paleis subulatis, lanatis, - *6. M. Hibbertii, involucris inzequilaterälibus subdimidiatis : iE | bracteis Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 109 bracteis obtusis: exterioribus glabris, foliis argenteis oblongo- ellipticis tridentatis integerrimisve. Has. In Africz Australis alpinis humidis, prope Barbiers Kraal. D. Niven. Né s. in Herb. Eau Bariks.; Lam- bert.) : Desc. Fruter 5—6 gena altus. Rami tomentosi, cinerei. Fo- lia imbricata, sessilia, plana, obsoleté venosa, dum duas uncias longa, vix 8 lineas lata. Involucra foliis breviora, tur- binato-ovata, 7—8-flora. Bracteis late ovatis, exterioribus ciliatis, eo sericeis. Calyx villosissimus. - Stylus ca- Hee Hor longior. - S gm. ; filiforme, striatum, acutiusculum. - LÀ *7. M. Massoni, involucris wquilateralibus calyce dimidio bre- vioribus : bracteis subrotundis obtusis coriaceis xe ar- genteis ovatis integris. : > 81899 Has. In Africz Mistal montibus bit ahs ‘Brinch Hock. Masson. | (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) : Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami sericei. Folia imbricata, frequen- tia, plana, ‘holosericea, obsoletè venosa, biuncialia, sesqui- =- unciam lata, callo apicis nudiusculo. Involucra vix semun- cialia, globosè ovata, circiter octo-flora ; Bracteis fructiferis induratis. Calyx villis longis, sub-adpressis incanus. Stylus = calyce longior. Stigma filiforme, acutum, striatum, vix cras- ji > uc trenes oo ott ^ cn ga tienes locns 4t Capitula. lame. Mimetes spurice. | 8. M. thymelcoides, caule erecto, foliis ovalibus obtusis pübes- centibus semunciä brevioribus, capitulis subagg greges sty- lis infra medium pubescentibus. Leucadendron thymelzoides. "E As MM 1766 p. 324. - — Berg. Cap. 19.* BE 110 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Hai. In Africà Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Danks.) Desc. Frutex-ramosissimus. Rami stricti, vestiti. Folia im- bricata, vix unguicularia, subavenia, inferiora glabra’ Ca- pitula sessilia, globosa, magnitudine vix cerasi nigri. Brac- tee involucri lanceolato-elliptice. Palee undique dense la- nate. Calyx sericeo-lanatus. Poli calyce longo Stigma acutiusculum. 9. M. myrtifolia, caule erecto, foliis liacari-oblongis obliquis in- tegris v. 2—3-dentatis unciá brevioribus, stylo glabro, capi- tulis sub-solitariis. : a. foliis tomentosis, passim. 2—3-dentatis, bracteis acuminatis. ß. foliis glabriusculis, summis capitulo parüm > re, bracteis obtusiusculis. Protea myrtifolia. Thunb. Diss. n. 50*? Prod. 27. Willd. - Sp. Pl. 1. p. 550. Poiret. Encyc. Botan: 5. p. 641. | Han. In Africa Australi. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.) Desc. «e. Frutex parvus. Rami brunnei, adulti glabri, juniores villosi. Folia avenia, tenuissime pubescentia v. glabra. Capi- tula turbinata, sessilia, solitaria v. pauca aggregata, piso vix dupló majora, multiflora. Bractee- involucri pubescentes, ciliatz; exteriores ovato-lanceolate, acumine brevi; interi- ores oblongo-ellipticze, obtusiuscule. Calyx tetraphyllus, plu- moso-villosus. Pistillum calyce longius. - Stigma crassitie styli. Squamule hypogyn: subulate, persistentes. Nur el- liptica, vix compressa, tenuissimé pubescens, basi styli ter- minata: cortex membranaceus, tenuis, albus, separabilis apice rugoso, putamen crustaceum, nigro-fuscum. | Nucleus . integumento simplici, tenuissimo. Chalaza apicis. lata, ve- nis radiantibus. Receptaculum planum, villosum, — . M. e Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 111 10. M. divaricata, caule procumbente, foliis ovalibus obtusis pu- bescentibus, stylo glabro. &. bracteis ‚oblongo-linearibus obtusis semifoliaceis, laminis calycis sericeis. | Scol ymocephalos africanus argenteus, foliis brevioribus, myr ti- _formibus, capitulis rarioribus. Herm. A fr..20. Leucadendron divaricatum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. P. 324.* Berg. Cap. p. 19.* don. divaricata.: Linn. Mant. 194.* Thunb: Diss. n. 57.* Erle Ale; te Isis Gen d. p. 235. n.1221. Poiret. En- T | lid. Sp. DEA. p. 588... Hs; colatis acutiusculis subscariosis. Has. In ER Australis campis et collibus, ubique prope Promont. D. Spei... (v. v. ad latera Rep np. juxta Simon's ‚ Bay.) | ü Oss, Calyx tetraphylus. Receptaculum epaleatun | asia dinponemberti ramis ; adscendentibus, f ine: ri-subulatis c analiculatis, laminis calycis glabris. ‘Protea foliis linearibus simplicissimis ramis determinatis flori- Ro; y. ae Bat. 186. | 7 T hund.. Diss. n. 26.* ew ‚1252. Will. Fr i Ons. IL. Variat Caule. erectiusculo ; Foliis- undique ersis et secundis; 112 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. secundis ; Bracteis acumine subulato, longo, Gre ooi, vel nullo. i 8 SERRURIA. Salisb. Parad. Serrarıa. Burm. A ifr. Adans. nn GEN. CHAR. Calya quadrifidus, subæqualis, unguibus. distinctis. Stigma verticale, glabrum. ‚Squamule quatuor hypogyne. Nua brevissime pedicellata, ventricosa. Capitulum indefinité multiflorum ; paleis persistentibus, imbricatis. HABITUS: Frutices. Folia filiformia, tri ifido-pinnatifida, raró indivisa. Capitula terminalia v. e summis alis, simplicia, nunc composita par ialibus, congestis v. periuppule communi diviso corymbosa. In- m B eoititohut ung branaceu: doque 1 mm. Llores semper sessil Pur Pistillum lagiindiee BR Riigaa élavat um, rari cylindraceum. Nux ovalis, feniiler nami modó barbata, ali- quando glabriuseula.. = = — Que. Secundum. Cl. si ee ^ Flores i inii um pedicolui; » quod nunquam observare licuit. | t Capitula simplicia ; Pedunculi indivisi v. nulli. “LS. glaberrima, capitulis axillaribus pedunculatis, bracteis la- . minisque calycis glabris, fol, re: prin C uino, caule procumbente. . : | E CORE Har. In Africe Australis suben montium. Muto Kleine Hoot. Hoek. Gul. Sitaki; Mi ei a nie $e a Herb. we. Linn. et Banks.) . Desc. Frutex- pros t st nn a doni "ordi sche Folia alterna, remo iuscula, ramis parüm graciliora, "ME un- clas longa. Capitu a er Cla, s brac Lr ‘teato parùm breviora. Bractee propri Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 113 nate, cucullate, glabra, scariose. Calyx strictus, unguibus villosiusculis. | *2. S. cyenea, capitulis axillaribus terminalibusque pedunculatis, , bracteis glabris subciliatis, calycibus curvatis sericeis, foliis bipinnatis, caule procumbente. 5 æ. Capitula floribus viginti pluribusve : bracteis involucranti- bus nullis. B. Capitula floribus viginti paucioribus : bracteis involucranti- — bus nonnullis, lanceolato-ovatiss = = -= RÄT Haz. In Africä Australi prope Winterhoek et alibi. Gul. Roz- burgh, M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn. ß in Herb. Banks.) Desc. Frutex procumbens, ramosus, glabriusculus. Folia ses- quiunciam longa, quandoque biuncialia, superiora interdum breviora. Pedunculi capitulo longiores, bracteis distantibus, sepiüs curvati. Capitula globosa, magnitüdine cerasi; Brac- teis propriis late ovatis, acuminatis. -Calyx unguibus sigmoi- . deo-curvatis ; Laminis nutantibus. Stylus pariter arcuatus. Stigma pendulum, ` =- i *3. S. acrocarpa, capitulis axillaribus pedunculatis, bracteis to- mentosis, calycibus curvatis sericeis, nucibus basi pubes- centi styli mucronatis, foliis bipinnatifidis, caule erecto. | Has. In Africa Australi, Brant-fly plain. Gul. Roxburgh, ‘M. D. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) - Desc. Frutex bipedalis et ultrà. Ramuli pubescentes. Folia biuncialia, adulta glabra. Pedunculi capitulo lon giores, ssepe curvati, bracteis glabris distantibus, apice tenuissim& pubes- centes. Capitulum magnitudine cerasi: Bracteis propriis ova- _to-subrotundis, breviter acuminatis, involucrantibus paucis VOL. X. Q similibus. 114 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. similibus. Stylus basi incrassatä apice arcuato. Stigma pendulum. Nur barbata pilis strictis patulis. *4. S. elevata, capitulis axillaribus pedunculo brevioribus, brac- teis cuneato-orbiculatis tomentosis, calycibus breviter bar- batis curvatis, nucibus submuticis, foliis bipinnatis unciá longioribus, caule erecto. _ Has. In Africz Australis arenosis. Masson. Picket Bere. Gul. Roxburgh, M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., et Soc. Linn) Desc. Frutex orgyalis. Rami tomentosi, cinerei. Folia fre- quentia, pilosiuscula, viridia, inferiora glabra, sesquiuncia- lia, callis. obtusiusculis. Pedunculi folia. sepissime superan- tes; quandoque 3-unciales, tomentosi, cinerei, bracteis al- ternis, lanceolatis, patentibus. Capitulum magnitudine ce- rasi, floribus viginti pluribus, semunciä brevioribus. Brac- tee omnes extüs sericeo-tomentosz, brevissim& mucronate, intüs glabrz, intime submutice. Nur submutica, mucro- nulo vix manifesto, barbata.. Oss. Descriptio e plantä Massoni : Roxburgianá pauld diversa, Calycibus quandoque sericeis; bracteis mucrone longiore ; pe- dunculis brevioribus, paucioribus ; foliis recentioribus magis- | hirsutis : forté — €: t5; s. Aitoni, capitulis. axillaribus. . 240. n. 1264. Protea sphaerocephala A. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 658. Protea glomerata. And. Repos. 264. bona quoad faciem sed stigma nimis inclinans. Has. In Africe Australis montosis ; solo: fertiliori ; Roode Zant Cascade. Gul. Roxburgh, M. D. (v.s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Hibbert., et Soc. Linn.) Desc.. Frutex quandoque orgyalis. Rami stricti, DER Folia frequentia, sesquiunciam longa, pube decumbenti v. patulä, annotino-interrupta. Pedunculus terminalis, dum plures aliqui axillares, capitulo sepids longiores, raró nulli, ramulis floriferis tunc foliis nanis instructis. Capitulum mag- nitudine feré juglandis. Calyx densissimé barbatus, villis strictis, patulis. Stigma cylindraceo-clavatum. *14. S. scoparia; capitulis terminalibus. pedunculatis, bracteis late-ovatis villosis, calycibus barbatis, foliis triternatis pa- tulis unciá brevioribus ramisque hirsutis, caule decum- bent@l< Capitula magnitu- dine avellang. | Bractece extimee punctis elevatis, interiores leves, marginibus nudis - rariùsve ciliatis. Calyx. strictus, -> „unguibus ‘glaberrimis, laminis. exterioribus niveo-barbatis, villis terminalibus longitudine antherarum ; interiori. glabri- usculà. Stigma cylindraceum. of E 45-1 *25.. S. emula, bracteis capitulo terminali subsessili parlım brevi- oribus : exterioribus lanceolatis tomentosis ciliatis; interi- <- oribüs minoribus villosis,. calycis laminis omnibus plumoso- — barbatis, foliis bipinnatifidis. Han. In Africz Australis montibus prope Franche Hoek. Gul. Roxburgh M.D. (v. s. in Herb.Soc. Linn. et D. Hibbert.) Desc. Frutex 3—4 pedes altus. (Niven.) Rami ultimi tomento &enuissimo cinerascentes. Folia sesquiuncialia, modice pa- tentia, 126 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. tentia, glabra, laciniis acutissimis. Pedunculi capitulo breviores, quandoque brevissimi; bracteis subulatis, tomen- tosis, divaricatis, squarrosi. Capitula magnitudine avellane majoris, Bractee membranacex. Calyz strictus, unguibus nudiusculis. Stigma cylindraceum. 26. S. florida, bracteis capitulo pedunculato TX exte- rioribus glabris oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis ; interioribus inclusis lineari-lanceolatis — foliis pinnatifidis bipin- natifidisve. Protea florida. Thunb. Diss. n. 9.* tab. 1. bona. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 240. n. 1271. lid. Sp: Pl. 1. p. 506. Poiret. © Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 662%. Has. In Africe Australis didani: AN Franche Hoek. Masson. (v. s.in Herb. Banks.) tt Capitula composita ; partialibus. congestis. t *27. S. decumbens, caule prostrato foliisque glabris trifidis: laciniis indivisis, capitulis partialibus subquadrifloris. Protea decumbens. Thunb. Diss n. 1.* tab. 1, Prod. 25. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 506. Lam. Tilust. Gen. 1. 22 en n. 1261. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 657. Protea procumbens. Linn. Suppl. 116*. Has. In Africe Australis lateribus saxosis montium, prope Promont. B. Spei. (v. v. juxta Simon's Bay.) | Desc. Frutev prostratus, glaber, basi divisus. Rami elongati, rubicundi, parüm flexuosi, saepe annotino-articulati. Folia alterna, erecta, secunda, biuncialia, infra medium. trifida, laciniis subequalibus. Pedunculi terminales et sepe e sum- mis alis, adscendentes, graciles ; bracteis nonnullis, parvis, glabris. « Capitulum commune subconicum, magnitudine fere juglandis, Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 127 juglandis, e quatuor ad sex partialibus imbricatis, breviter pedunculatis, 3—4-floris, quandoque. abortione simplex. Bractee capitulorum partialium orbiculato-ovate, acumine brevi, subsericea, passimque glabriuscule. Calyx levissime arcuatus, subsericeus, villis arcté adpressis. Stigma cylin- draceum. <:i, Bere: | 28. S. adscendens, caule procumbente foliisque glabris pinnatifidis bipinnatifidisque, pedunculis partialibus incano-tomentosis, calycibus curvatis. m A UE E Protea ascendens... Lam. 1llust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1262. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 658*? | Has. In Africe Australis montibus. | Kleine-Hoot-Hoek. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex glaber. Rami. rubicundi, quandoque adscen- dentes. Fola sepits bipinnatifida, passim pinnatifida, ses- quiuncialia, biuncialia. Pedunculi communes terminales et interdum e summis alis, capituli dimidio breviores. Capitu- lum obtuse conicum, magnitudine fere juglandis, compositum ‚partialibus -quinque ad septem; imbricatis, breviter pe- dunculatis, 6—7-floris. Bractee ovato-lanceolate, acumine patulo, glabree, basi tomentosa subincanä. Calyz villis ad- pressis, argenteis, sericeus. Stigma. subcylindraceum. Bie s *29 S. flagellaris, caule procumbente foliisque pilosis bipinnati- fidis, pedunculis partialibus subtomentosis, calycibus strictis. Has. In Africæ Australis campis arenosis lateribusque mon- tium; prope Simon's Bay, (ubi v. v.) | Desc. Frutex. prostratus, basi divisus. Rami elongati, apice adscendentes, adulti glabriusculi. Folia erecta, secunda, circiter biuncialia, laciniis patentibus, fastigiatis, hirsutis, pilis 128 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. pilis patulis, tardiüs deciduis. ^ Pedunculi. communes termi- nales; bracteis alternis, subulatis, vix longitudine capituli ; quandoque- recurvi.:© Capitulum: magnitudine juglandis, e partialibus 5—8, racemoso-congestis, 8—10-floris.. Pedunculi partiales capitulis suis »breviores, tomento èrariore cineras- centes. Bractee ovate, acuminate, pube rará appressä conspersze, ciliatæ. Calyx sericeus, villis ad pressis imbricatis. 30. S. rubricaulis, caule erecto foliisque glabriusculis subbipin- natifidis uncialibus, capitulis partialibus paucifloris, bracteis . ovatis acuminatis glabris, pedunculis partialibus pilosiusculis, soistigmate.eylindraceo; 5559 al. ooi.. | Protea spherocephala.. Thunb. Diss. n. 5*? exclus. s yn. omn. Has. In Africá. Australi. Gul. Roxburgh- M. D. (v. s.) -Dzsc. Rami stricti, rubicundi, glabri, pilisve paucis patulis. i- o Folia-biternata et subbipinnatifida, erecta, vix sesquiuncialia. JPedunculus- communis : terminalis, capitulo brevior, glaber, bracteis alternis; partiales capitulis suis dimidio breviores, pilosi; quandoque glabriusculi. Bractee ovate, acumine re- curvo, glabre, -ciliate, scariose. Calyx sericeus, villis ad- pressis. t .Ons, Valdé affinis S. adscendenti, 31.8. glomerata; caule. erécto foliisque glabris. bipinnatifidis EXE m longioribus, capitulis partialibus multifloris,; bracteis sexterioribus glabris : interioribus subsericeis, pedunculo com- muni squarroso, stigmate lavato: —.— | Serrària foliis. tenuissimeé divisis capitulis tomentosis. Burm. Afr. p. 265. 1. 99. f. 2. mala. ioni _ | Leucadendron Serrari: - B- Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.i. p. G4. > Leucadendron Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 129 Leucadendron glomeratum. Linn. Sp. Pi. ed. ii. p. 137. (omissum in Syst. Nat. ed. xii) Berg. Act. Stockh, 1766. p. 328. Protea glomerata. Linn. Mant. 187.* Herb. Linn. Protea patula. © Thunb. Diss. m. 4.* ? | Has. In Africae Australis collibus saxosis, prope Promont. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Linn., Banks., Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex ramis rubicundis. Folia modice patentia, quan- doque biuncialia, glaberrima. | Pedunculi communes -sæpè aggregati, bracteis patulis, late-ovatis, acuminatis, glabris squarrosi, capitula subequantes; partiales capitulis suis breviores; utrique pubescentes. Capitula partialia. magni- tudine pisi majoris, bracteis densissimé imbricatis, subro- tundis, acuminatis. Calyx sericeus, villis adpressis. 32. S. decipiens, caule erecto ramulis pubescentibus, foliis bipin- natifidis uncialibus et ultra, capitulis partialibus paucifloris communique breviter pedunculatis, bracteis omnibus vil- losissimis, calycibus sericeis. &. Frutex 4—5-pedalis, foliis sesquiuncialibus biutieitilffusque. B. Frutex 1—2-pedalis, foliis uncialibus, bracteatum a acumine glabro. 2 Has. In Africe Australis planitiis elevations arenosis. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) Desc. Fruter ramosissimus, ramis tenuissimé pubescentibus. Folia patentia, superiora. capitula superantia. Capitula communia sæpè aggregata; partialia 5—6-flora; Bractee ovata, villis longis, decumbentibus incanz, acumine subu- < Jato, nunc glabro. Calyx curvatus. 33. S. compar, caule erecto ramis glabris, foliis bipinnatifidis ROEK, B unciá 130 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. uncià longioribus, capitulis ‚partialibus paucifloris cdm- munique breviter pedunculatis, bracteis tomentosis, calyci- bus barbatis. Has. In Africa Australi. (v.s.) - Oss. Nimis affinis S. decipienti. Differt presertim ramis gla- bris, calycibus barbatis villis brevissimis patulis, bracteis exterioribus tenuissimé tomentosis, acumine recuryo. 34:8. Rosburgii, caule- erecto, foliis triternatis fastigiatis se- munciá brevioribus, capitulo communi partialibusque sessili- bus paucifloris. Ttt Pedunculi divisi. Capitulis distinctis, corymbosis v. racemosis. 35, S. candicans, capitulis racemosis paucifloris, pedunculis par- tialibus calyce barbato brevioribus, foliis bipinnatifidis ra- mulisque incanis. Has. In Africa Australi. (v. s.) Hed Oss. Facies S. Burmanni B, eique quam maxime affinis. 36. S. Burmanni, capitulis corymbosis subdecemfloris, calycibus fastigiatis sericeis apiceve nudiusculis pedunculo partiali brevioribus, foliis bipinnatifidis setaceis vix biuncialibus. * e, Ramis Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 131 æ. Ramis foliisque pilosiusculis; capitulis turbinatis, bracteis acumine glabriusculo; calycis laminis demüm Hdigs- culis. Abrotanoides arboretum monamotapense floribus in ramulorum cymis. Plukn. Mant. 1. t. 329. f. 1. fide spécim. in illius Herb. ! acad | Serraria foliis tenuissim& divisis floribus rubris apetalis. Burm. Afr. pi 264. t. 99. f. 1. mala, nisi quoad figuram capitu- ~~ Jorum. Leucadendron Serratia æ. Linn. Sp. PL ed. n di 93. ed. ii. 137. Em Serraria. Linn. Mant. 188.* Herb. Linn. Thunb. Dis. n. 6.* Prod. 25. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 508. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 240. n. 1268. — Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 660. P. Ramis foliisque subsericeis ; ee basi obtusis, bracteis totis calycibusque sericeis. Haz, In Africe Australis depressis sterilibus, et ad latera montium. æ. ubique. f£. rariüs; forte distincta species: (a. v. v. juxta Simon's Bay. Es v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn. et D. Hibbert) - 3T. S. triternata, corymbis compositis, capitulis &lobosis ; flori- bus viginti pluribus imbricatis, brácteis peduneulisque par- tialibus sericeis, foliis triternatis een une gla- berrimis. Protea trrBermata: "PER: — n. Ld Prod. 25. mina. Sp. Probe srectitidiira, Ai, Repos: 447. Bons. : Has. In Africá Australi, prope fluvium ad Roode Zant. D. Niven. (v.s.in Herb. Banks., Hibbert., et Soc. Lim.) Disc. Frutei erectus, orgyalis. Rami rubicundi crassitie BE. penne 132 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. penne anserine. Folia patentia. Corymbus paniculatus, foliis sæpiùs longior, ramis glabris, ramulis tomentosis, incanis, * subangulatis. Bractee ad divisuras glabriuscule, acute, patentes. Capitula magnitudine cerasi nigri. Bractee ovato, acuminate. Calyx argenteo-sericeus, villis laxiàs decum- bentibus. Stigma ovale. 38. S. elongata, corymbis simplicibus subcompositisve, pedunculo | communi elongato: partialibus bracteisque glabris : acumine subulato recurvo dimidium baseos ovate superante, foliis. 2—3-pinnatifidis digitalibus. Leucadendron elongatum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p..3293*. Berg Gap 6€ se um e | | Protea glomerata. Thunb. Diss. n. 8*. exclus. synon. Linnzi et forte Burmanni. Thunb. Prod. 25. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 509. sec. descrip. a Thunb. mutuato. .——— en Protea thyrsoides. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 240. n. 1267. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 660*. - | | Has. In Africe Australis montibus.. Hottentots-Holland-Kloof. Kleine-hoot-Hoek. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. - (v. s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.) ` Desc. Frutex erectus, subramosus, sesquipedalis, - glaber. Folia (Crithmi) ad apicem rami articulive annotini conferta, . infrà nulla. Pedunculus communis. 5—10-uncialis, infra bracteis distantibus, apice corymbosus. Capitula globosa, © 16—20-flora, superiora precociora. Bractee scariosz, latè ovate. Calyx sericeus. Stigma clavato-oblongum. 39. S. crithmifolia, Tacemis simplicibus, pedunculo communi elongato partialibusque glabris, capitulis. subtrigintifloris, bracteis glaberrimis latioribus quàm longis: mucrone bre- vissimo obtuso erecto, foliis bi-tripinnatifidis digitalibus. - Han. Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 133 Has. In Africä Australi. D. Mn. (v.s. in Herb. D. gib bert. J. Desc. Frutex erectus, simplex? Folia RER tere- : tiusculis, callo apicis. obtuso. Pedunculus terminalis, scapi- formis, sepe infra racemum 8—10 uncias equans, bracteis paucissimis. Racemus scapo plerumque brevior, 8—10-florus. : Pedunculi partiales, capitulo longiores, basi dilatatä, cum . processu scutelliformi racheos articulati. | Capitula magni- tudine avellanz, globosa. Calya semuncialis. Nuz undique Rnbcscepp diee Droyispimo, glabro, piso 9.4 NIVENIA.. sank Salisb. Peralli Cuar. Gen.. Calyx quadrifidus, equalis, totus deciduus. Stigma clavatum, verticale.. Nux- ventricosa, nitens, sessilis,: basi integra. Involucrum simplici serie tetraphyllum, quadri- florum, fructiferum induratum ; Receptaculo plano épaleato. Hanirvs. Fructices, Foliasparsa, inferiora bipinnatifida filiformia; superiora, in quibusdam, indivisa, plana. Involucra in spicam rariüsve capitulum terminale digesta, sessilia, ` bracteá unicd subtensa. Flores purpurascentes.. | This genus is published by Mr. Salisbury: his primary fhe character does not indeed at all differ from that which he has given; to Mimetes:; in. his. account of Inflorescence, however, it is evident he understood the genus nearly as I C „have here proposed it :.I should therefore have adopted his name had it appeared to me tenable ;.-but I am disposed to believe that. he will, on reconsidering the subject, see the -propriety of | relinquishing it; for the irregularity or unusual structure, ; which (if I understand him) he says exists “ tot . partibus diversis,” only takes place in: the: leaves of a’small ler number 134 Mr. Brow, on the Protéucee of Jussieu. number of species; on the other hand, the flowers of allare per- fectly regular, and that too in opposition to some of the most nearly related genera; while the great uniformity and regu- larity of inflorescence forms an essential part of its charac- ter. Ihave therefore named it in honour of Mr. James Niven, an intelligent observer and indefatigable collector, to whom botanists are indebted for the discovery of many new species, especially in the two extensive South-African families of . Erica and Proteaceex. + Folia Serioa indivisa, latiora. l. N. Sceptrum, foliis obovatis lanceolatisve planiusculis margine simplicibus, calyce sericeo villis adpressis. Protea Scéptrum Gustavianum. : Sparm. in: Act: Stockh. 1777: coop. 55, t. 1. bona. Linn. Suppl. 116... (Herb. Linn.) ProteaSceptrum. Thunb. Diss: n. 12.* Prod. 25... Willd. Sp. Plot. p: 511. Poiret. Encyc: Botan: 5; p.669. — . Protea alopecuroides. Lam. Hlust. Gen. 1. p. 240; n. 127% Hus. In Africe Australis summis montibus: Hottentots-Hol- land. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) Oss. Inyolucri fructiferi foliola aucta; indurata, *2, N. marginata; foliis latioribus quàm longis cucüllatis mar- .. ginatis, calyce sericeo villis adpressis, involucri foliolis acutis apice glabriusculis. | Haz, In Africe Australis montibus. | Gul; Rozbw?gh M. D. (vs. ih Herb. Soc. Linn.) Dese. Frütex. Rami umbellati,: stricti; glabri; rubieundi. Folia subrotunda, - parüm latiora quàm longa, diametro 8— 10-lineari, glauca; margine cartilagineo, latiusculo, semi- pellücido; (infimà nonduin visa); Spica subsessilis; sésquiun- cialis, Mr. Brown, ‚on: the Proteaceae of Jussiew 135 cialis. — Bractec subulatz, concave, glabriuscule. Stylus glaber. Stigma clavà oblonga. 3. N. spathulata, foliis latioribus quàm longis cucullatis margi- natis, involucri foliolis obtusis, calyce Parhaita stylo, glabro, stigmate clavato-oblongo. Protea spathulata. Thunb. Diss. n. 58*. 1.5. Prod.28. Lam. — dilust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1218. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 533. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 042. Has. In Africe Australis montibus, Platte-Kloof. D. Masson. ` (v.s. in Herb. Banks) Oss. Folia infima 2 S-pinnstifide, rip, canaliculata. *4. N. parvifolia, foliis latioribus quàm longis cucullatis, pn yci- bus barbatis, stylo lanato, stigmate conico-capitato,. Protea Sceptrum. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 241. n.1273?. . Protea Gustaviana. Poiret. Encyc, Botan. 5. p. 663 : ? exclus. syn. Sparm. et Linnei. Protea spathulata. Thunb. Diss. tab. 5. „quoad, figuram. | Han. In Africe Australis montibus. D. Masson. . (v. s. in ... Herb. Banks., Soc. Linn., Hibbert.) i Dese Frutex ramọsissimus. Rami umbellati, patentes ; ramuli tenuissime pubescentes. Folia inferiora bipinnatifida, fili- formia, canaliculata; reliqua orbiculato-rhombea, frequentia, glaberrima, diametro vix unguiculari, margine cartilagineo, augusto, crenulato. Petioli adpressi, foliis breviores. Spice - terminales, solitarize, v. aggregate, sesquiunciales—biunciales, |. dum solitariz sessiles, dum aggregate sept pedunculate. Involucrum foliolis subrotundis, fructiferis auctis, induratis. Stylus angulatus, dimidio inferiore longiore, lanato. Stigma " magnus apice styli duplo crassius, rugosiusculum. |... " Folia ui 136 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. +t. Folia omnia bipinnat ifida. 5. N, p^. pedunculis subumbellatis diniidio spice cylin- " draces longioribus, bracteis subtendentibus pedunculique ovatis, involucris inferioribus distinctis, stylis ad duas tertias villosissimis, foliis glabris, ramis tomentosis. ' Leucadendron spicatum. © lu B Act. Stockh. 1766.. i 327". ‚Berg. Cap. 25.8 ^ ^ e : Protea spicata. Linn. Mant. 187.* (Herb. Linn.) Thunb. Diss. n. 11.* Prod. 25. “Willd. Sp. Pl. 1^ p. 511. Has. In Afric; Australis montibus. Hottentots-Holland- ‘ Kloof. (v.s.in Herb. Banks.) ‘Desc. Frutex erectus, ramis tenuissime tomentosis, villis pre- ^ terea nullis. Folia subtriternata, biuncialia, canaliculata, callis obtusis. Pedunculi terminales, quandoque solitarii, sæpiùs 3—5 umbellati, tomento villisque brevibus patulis incani; bracteis alternis, numerosis, adpressis; sesqui- unciales—biunciales. Spice sesquiunciales, usque 2: un- cias æquantes. Involucra superiora conferta, inferiora di- stincta; bracteis subtendentibus ovatis, acumine brevis- simo; foliolis ovatis, acutis, fructiferis auctis, induratis. Calyx basi villosus, ungues tomentosi, laminis breviter bar- batis. Stylus ipsa basi et tertia parte superiore . glabris. Stigma clavato-ovale. Nur ovata, cortice albo nitente te- nuissimo ; denudata fusca, basi parum incrassatä, stylo diu ' terminata. | “a 6. N. crithmifolia, pedunculis umbellatis spicas conico-cylindra- ceas subzequantibus, bracteis subtendentibus ovatis acumi- natis, involucris alternis : foliolis obtusis, E ad Dam villosis, foliis divaricatis glabris. Protea Lagopus. And. Repos. 243. Han. ` Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 137 Has. In Africæ Australis montibus. D. Niven. (v. s. in . Herb. Hibbert.) Oss. Nimis affinis P. spicato, et fort haud distincta species : differt tamen foliis divaricatis, lacinulis latioribus, sursum . pauló dilatatis; bracteis pedunculi paucioribus parümque angustioribus; spicis pedunculo vix longioribus; involucris magis distinctis, foliolis obtusioribus tomento arcté adpresso ; styli dimidio superiore glabro. 7. N. media, spicis cylindraceis pedunculo quater longioribus, bracteis subtendentibus capitulorum lanceolato-subulatis, involucris inferioribus subdistinctis: foliolis ovatis acutis apice imberbibus, stylo infra medium pubescenti, foliis gla- bris, ramis tomentosis. Protea spicata. And. Repos. 234? i Han. In Africe Australis montibus, edipi D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.) ! Desc. Frutex 6—8 pedes altus (Niven). Rami umbellati, stricti, tomento tenuissimo cinerascentes. Folia erecta; sesquiuncialia ; ; inferiora biternata et subtriternata; supe- riora trifida, laciniis lateralibus subsimplicibus. Pedunculi terminales, solitarii, vix unciales, villosi, bracteis lanceolatis, sparsis, erectis, tomentosis. Spice 3—5 uncias longs, in- volucris distinctis, tamen approximatis, foliolis acutissimis, — tomento arctè adpresso. Calyx tubo tomentoso, involucro - fere ter longiore; laminis villis brevibus, sericeis, subdecum- bentibus, barbatis. Stylus vix ultra unam tertiam a basi pubescens. Stigma gracile, clavatum. : 8. N. Lagopus, spicis subsessilibus cylindraceis, capitulis imbri- catis: bracteis subtendentibus lanceolato-subulatis: invo- vOL. x. T lucri 138 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. ` lucri subrotundis apice acuto barbato, stylo infra medium pubescente, folis adultis glabris: junioribus ramulisque pilosis. | = j Protea Lagopus. Thunb. Diss. n. 10.* Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 510. Hans. In Africe Australis montibus. Gul. Rorburgh M. D. (v. s.) Dzsc. Frutex erectus. Rami umbellati. Folia vix sesquiunci- alia, modicé patentia, biternata. Spice solitarie, dense, 2— 4 unciales, pedunculo quandoque semunciali, sæpè bre- vissimo v. nullo. - Bractee subtendentes apice barbate. Calyx unguibus tomentosis, laminis barbatis, villis longis, numerosis, patulis. Stylus vix ad medium pubescens. Stigma ovali-clavatum. = *9. N. mollissima, spicis pedunculos vix zquantibus, foliis seri- ceis triternatis (uncialibus), calycis unguibus tomentosis : la- . minis barbatis. | Bis Has. In Africe Australis montibus. D. Joh. Roxburgh. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Linn. Soc.) Desc. Frutex erectus, tomentosus, incanus. Rami ramulique tomento arcté adpresso. Folia mollissima, profunde trifida, lacinulis fastigiatis. Pedunculi terminales, subsolitarii, foliis breviores. Spice subovate, capitulis inferioribus distinctis, bracteis ovatis acutis, involucri similibus, utrisque tomen- . tosis, imberbibus. Calycis ungues involucro fere ter longiores. Stylus infra medium pubescens. Stigma gracile. Nua ovata, cuticulà alba nitente tenuissimé pubescente, basi incrassatá styli diu coronata; involucri foliolis. coriaceo-induratis, pa- rümque auctis, demüm patulis cincta. *10. N. capitata, capitulo communi globoso subsessili, unguibus ' | laminisque Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 139 laminisque calycis barbatis, foliis semuncialibus : ramulorum inferioribus glabris. Han. In Africe Australis montosis, near Brant-fly’ s Hill. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex erectus, tripedalis et ultrà. Rami umbellati, ultimi tomentosi. Folia biternata, canaliculata, superiora ramulorum sericea. Capitula communia vix magnitudine cerasi nigri, pauciflora, quandoque aggregata breviterque pedunculata. Involucrum foliolis lanceolato-ovatis, acutis: Stylus medio puheicens we fine p THp ovali- clavatum. | 10. SOROCEPHALUS. Spatalle sp. Salisb. Parad. Cuar. GEN. Calyx quadrifidus, equalis, totus deciduus. Stigma verticale, clavatum. Nuz ventricosa, brevissimé pedicellata v. basi emarginata. Involucrum subsimplici serie 3—6-phyl- lum, definite pauciflorum v. uniflorum: fructiferum non mutatum. Receptaculum epaleatum. HaniTvs. Frutices. Ramis virgatis. Folia sparsa, Jfiliformia v». plana, indivisa, infima rariàs bipinnatifida. Involucra sub- sessilia, unibracteata, in spicam capituliformem basi nunc brac- teis imbricatis subtensam, congesta. Flores purpurascentes. - Eryn. cweos cumulus, et zeĝæàn caput ; ob capitula congesta. - Oss. Genus complectens phalanges duas facie et structura pa- ' rüm diversas, quarum prima habitu et inflorescentià Spatalle |» proxima, diversa tamen stigmate verticali, calyceque semper regulari: secunda e speciebus inter se convenientibus capi- tulo communi involucrato, sed discrepantibus numero florum foliolorumque involucri partialis, nec non foliis in quibusdam filiformibus, in aliis planis, et in unicá dimor- TH phis 140 / Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. ^. phis instar Niveniæ: fructus in hujus sectionis duabus spe- ciebus tantummodo observatus, in alterá (foliis filiformibus) brevissime pedicellatus, basi obsolete emarginatä, tenuissimé ` pubescens; in alterá (foliis planis) glaberrimus, sessilis, basi angustatä, profundé emarginatä. T Spica nudiuscula, Involueza 1—3-flora. Nux brevissime pedicellata, basi integrá. . Folia Jiliformia, indivisa. ; 51. S. setaceus, is oe unifloris, foliis setaceis incurvis (uncia- libus) ramulisque hirsutis. Has. In Africà Australi. Gud. Hospurelt M M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami virgati, stricti, umbellati. Folia frequentia, vix sesquiuncialia, mucrone setaceo, sphacelato : inferiora minüs incurva. Capitulum terminale, sessile, ovatum, magnitudine cerasi nigri. _ Calyx unguibus laxils tomentosis ; lemini barbatis. Stigma conico-ovatum. 929. 3. salsoloides, involucris unifloris, foliis triquetro-filiformibus incurvis (semuncialibus) glabris. Han. In Africa Australi. Gul. Rorburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) . Desc. Fruter erectus, ramosissimus. Rami inb ii tenuissime pubescentes. Folia frequentia, semiteretia, suprà suleata, mucrone acuto subconcolori. Capitulum terminale, _ sessile, ovatum, vix magnitudine cerasi nigri, bracteolis paucis, brevissimis, lanceato-linearibus, subtensum. Calyx barba- tus, villis brevibus. Stigma erectum v. parüm inclinans. #3. S. imberbis, ie trifloris, laminis calycis neuminibusque _ bractearum glabris. — San. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 141 Has. In Africá Australi. D. Niven. “Ai s. in Herb. Hib- bert.) | Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus. Ramuli pubescentes. Folia glabra, uncialia, modie& patentia, parüm incurva, suprà sulcata, acuté mucronata. Capitulum terminale, bre- viter pedunculatum, subglobosum, magnitudine cerasi nigri. Bractee lanceolate, ciliate, acumine ‘subulato, glabro. Calycis ungues barbati. Stylus strictus. Stigma’ ovato-cla« vatum; wquale. | | *4. S. spatalloides, nratas trifloris subpedicellatis, daly la- minis barbatis. Has. In Africá Australi; prope FréBclie-koék. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn., et D. Hibbert.) Desc: Frutev erectus. Rami umbellati, tenwissim& ass. centes. Folia modicé patentia, partim incurva, vix uncialia, juniora pilosa. Capitula solitaria v. 2—9 aggregata; breviter peduneulata, ovata v. oblonga, magnitudine avellane. —. Bractee lanceolate, acute, pubescentes, apice quandoque glabriusculo. Calycis lamina longitis barbate.. Stylus apice sepiüs incurvo, modó rectiuseulo. Stigma gehe homed rem pai be OE rectinsetlt Digiart ovatum." ie | ott sintesi. ; EENE firn: He: AA *5, S. tenuifolia, foliis filiformibus (semunciá brevioribus), capi- tulis paucifloris, cayen y rn Eee interiori nudiusculà. | | Has. In Africze Australis montosis; in humidis prope Breede River. D. Niven. (v.s. in Herb. Hibbert.) Desc. Fruter 3—4 pedes altus (Niven), facie Spatalle difci. Rami glabri, rubicundi, vestiti; ramuli villosiusculi. Folia imbricata, 142 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. imbricata, scabriuscula, mucrone acuto; juniora hirsuta. Capitulum commune terminale, sessile, magnitudine pisi, e partialibus 2—4 compositum. Involucra partialia subim- bricata, foliolis lanceolatis, barbatis, apice glabriusculo. Calyx profundé quadrifidus, equalis. St, ylus strictus. Stigma zequilaterale, erectum, ovatum. 6. S. lanatus, foliis triquetro-filiformibus (semuneiä longioribus) suprà sulcatis, capitulis multifloris, calycis laminis omnibus plumoso-barbatis. Protea lanata. Thunb. Diss. n. 30.* t. 3. Prod: 26. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 519. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 653. Han. In Africa Australis montosis. Swartland. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami subumbellati, stricti, vestiti, tenuissimé pubescentes. Folia imbricata, 5—8 lineas longa. Capitulum terminale, solitarium, sessile, globosum, magnitu- dine avellanze majoris : partialia densissim® congesta, 5—8- flora: Involucris 5—7-pbyllis, foliolis augusto-lanceolatis, barbatis. Calyx profunde 4-fidus, zqualis. Stylus strictus. Stigma ovatum, equilaterale, stylo fere dupló crassius. Nur brevissime pedicellata basique leviter emarginata, te- nuissime pubescens, cortice tenui, rugosiusculo, fusco. Oss. Variat foliis subtüs triquetris — scabriusculis et levibus. 7. S. imbricatus, foliis lanceolatis subtüs icabris, Baruibus calycis glanduloso-pilosis, stigmate clavato. Protea imbricata. Thunb.Diss. n. 45. t. 5. Prod. 27. Linn. Suppl. 116*, Lam. lust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1222. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p- 527. Poiret. niger Botan. 5. p. 643. And. Repos. 527. Has. Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. | 348 Ha». In Africe Australis montibus... (v. s. in Herb. var. et v. in Hort. D. Hibbert.) pim Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami elongati, stricti. Folia a ‚subtüs convexiuscula venoso-striata, suprà concaviuscula li via, unguicularia, mucrone incurvo. Capitulum terminale, sessile, subovatum, solitarium, v. e. 2—3 aggregatis compo- situm. Involucrum commune polyphyllum, imbricatum, ca- - pitulo brevius ; foliolis lanceolatis, membranaceis, coloratis, . scabriusculis. Involucra partialia seepiüs quadriflora, tetra- phylla ; foliolis lanceolatis, hirsutis. Calyx tubo gracili, la- . minis barbatis. Ovarium barbatum. Stylus strictus. Stigma elliptico-clavatum, hinc gibbosiusculum. Nua glaberrima, nitens, fusca, oblonga, basi angustatä concolori emarginatä. *8. S. diversifolius, foliis spathulato-lanceolatis subtüs levibus: infimis bipinnatifidis, unguibus laminisque calycis barbatis, stigmate cylindraceo. | Has. In Africe Australis montibus saxosis prope Goud Rivier. D. Niven. (v.s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., et Hibbert.) Desc. Frutex erectus, glaber, bipedalis usque orgyalis, indi- visus, v. bifidus, strictus, crassitic penne olorine, suprà pubescens. Folia infima trifido-bipinnatifida, canaliculata, biuncialia; reliqua imbricata, obtusiuscula, parüm concava, . vix semuncialia. Capitulum terminale, solitarium, sessile, . ovatum, obtusum, magnitudine prim minoris. 11. SPATALLA. Salisb. Parad. Cu. GEN. Calyx quadrifidus, lacinià interiore (in plerisque) majore, totus deciduus. Stigma obliquum, dilatatum. Nur ventricosa, brevissime pedicellata. Involucrum simplici serie | | 2—4-phyllum, 144 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 2—4-phyllum, uniflorum v, definite pauciflorum. Recepta- culum epaleatum. — Hasırtus. Frutices. Folia sparsa, filiforma, indivisa. Involucra terminalia, spicata v. racemosa, unibracteata, fructifera haud mutata. Flores purpurascentes, Anthera lacinie majoris calycis proportionatim major, et in quibusdam unica fertilis. + Involuera uniflora. Stigma concavum, cochleariforme. Calyx inequalis. *]. S. mollis, involucro diphyllo : foliolis integerrimis, foliis strictis ramulisque villosis. - Har. In Africz Australis montibus. D. Joh. Roxburgh. (v. s. _ in Herb. Lambert.) | Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus. Rami rubicundi, ramuli graciles, erecti. Folia erecto-patentia, 7—8 lineas longa, callo acutissimo, villis modice patentibus sericea, Spica sessilis, erecta, solitaria, oblongo-cylindracea, densa, race- mosa, vix uncialis. Bracte« foliacez, pedicellis dupló longi- ores. nvolucrum foliolis ovatis, villosis, exteriore ]atiore. Calyx dense barbatus, lamina lacini: majoris villis margi- nalibus inflexis. Squamule hypogyne quatuor, lineares, per- sistentes. 2. os pedunculata, involucro diphyllo: foliolo ure fridontato, spicä imbricata, pedunculo foliis longiore triquetris incurvis - basi attenuatis, bracteis sericeis roch brevioribus. Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Kleine-Hoot-Hock. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus, foliis ramisque adultis * glabris, junioribus sericeis. Folia frequentia, fere. uncialia, basi attenuata, erecta, suprà patentia, falcato-incurva, callo apicis Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 145 apicis obtusiusculo. Pedunculi sesquiunciales, solitarii, se- ricei; bracteis alternis, subulatis. Spica cylindracea, pe- dunculo vix longior; pedicellis, involucris, calycibusque se- riceis. | : *3. S. nivea, involucro diphyllo : foliolo latiore tridentato, spicá - imbricatá, pedunculo foliis breviore, rectiusculis acutissimis bracteis foliaceis villosiusculis involucra zequantibus. Has. In Africee Australis montibus. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. — D. Hibbert.) | jui TE Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus, ramis foliisque adultis glabris, novellis sericeis. Folia uncialia, leviter incurva, v. rectiuscula, basi parüm attenuata. Pedunculi solitarii, sub- sericei, bracteis alternis subulatis. © Spica sesquiuncialis, pedunculo dupló longior. Involueri foliolum exterius pro- funde tridentatum, dente intermedio angustiore. Calycis laminze villis brevibus, patulis, niveis barbatz. *4, S. ramulosa, involucro diphyllo: foliolo latiore trifido, spicä ‚ subsessili imbricata, bracteis superioribus longitudine pedi- cellorum, foliis acuté mucronatis. p Protea foliis setaceis, floribus racemosis. Hort. Cliff. 496 ? Leucadendron racemosum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 91? ed. ii. p.194? Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 325.* Berg. Cap. p. 23.* Protea racemosa. Thunb. Diss. n. 21.*? Prod. 26? Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Roode Zant Kloof. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus ; ramis virgatis filiformi- bus, foliisque adultis glabris, novellis sericeis. Folia fre- quentia, modice patentia, parümque incurva, basi attenuata, vix uncialia, suprà canaliculata, subtüs convexa, callo acuto YOL. X. U mucroni- 146 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. mucroniformi. Spica terminalis, breviter pedunculata, cy- lindracea, uncialis, sesquiuncialis, densa, subracemosa, flo- ribus omnibus imbricatis, ramulo uno alterove sericeo: brevi, sepissime stipata. Bracteæ omnes pedicellos pariter tomen- tosos equantes. Jnvolucrum lacinià media labii majoris an- gustiore. Calyx breviter denséque barbatus, villis margina- libus, laminz majoris arcte inBexis. Stigma. cochleariforme, papilla centrali. 95, S; dara, Risolai diphyllo: foliolo latiore trifido, racemo subpedunculato, laxiusculo, bracteis superioribus pedicello. brevioribus. Haz. In Africz Australis montibus. Kleine-Hoot-Hoek. Gul. Roxburgh M.D. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex erectus, 4—6 pedalis, (Niven) ramosus. Rami graciles, virgati, rubicundi, ramuli subsericei. Folia patenti- erecta, leviter incurva, v. rectiuscula, basi attenuata, callo apicis acutiusculo, v. obtusiusculo, uncialia, inferiora gla- bra, superiora sericea. Racemi breviter pedunculati, solitarii, erecti, sesquiunciales, ramulo brevi quandoque stipati. Bractee tomentose, pedicellis fructiferis breviores ; inferiores floriferorum subzquantes.... Involucra. vix longitudine pedi- cellorum, sericea, fructifera labio majore tripartito, laciniá intermedia angustissimá. Nuy ovata, subsessilis, sericea, involucro persistenti dupló longior stylo curvato diù coro- nata, basi barbata pilis strictis. *6. S. bracteata, involucro diphyllo: foliolo latiore profunde tri- fido, spicá pedunculatä imbricatá, bracteis teretibus invo- lucra pedicellata he, foliis incurvis er: uglabrinsculi 2 ! Tois Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 147 Protea racemosa. Linn. Mant. 187? (Herb. Linn.) Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Franche Hoek. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc. Linn.) - Desc. Frutex erectus, 6—7 pedalis, (Niven) ramosissimus, ramulis ultimis sericeis. Folia e basi attenuata, adpressä, supra patentia, et falcato- v. sigmoideo-curvata, callo obtu- ‚siusculo, adulta glabra, recentiora sericea, quandoque ses- quiuncialia. Pedunculi terminales, solitarii, spicä sesqui- unciali breviores. Pedicelli imbricati, inferiores involucra zequantes, superiores iisdem parüm breviores. Involucra sericea, labio majore sæpè tripartito. Calyx unguibus to- mento adpresso ; laminis barbatis villis modicé patentibus, marginalibus haud inflexis. *7. S. sericea, involucro diphyllo: foliolo latiore tripartito, spicä sessili imbricata: bracteis involucra subsessilia equantibus, foliis semuncialibus ramulisque sericeis. Has. In. Afriez Australis montibus. Gul. Hodie. M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus. Rami sal Tis virgati, stricti, hi sericei, illi glabri. Folia frequentia, imbricata, patenti-erecta, rectiuscula v. leviter incurva, supra obsole- tissimé sulcata. Spice solitariz, vix unciales. — Involucra — Jabio majore laciniis subulatis, media angustiore. Calyx - . unguibus tomentosis, laminis barbatis. 8. S. prolifera, involucro tetraphyllo : foliolis apice sphacelatis, - spicá conico-capitatà : floribus subsessilibus. Protea prolifera. Thunb. Diss.n.27.* tab. 4. Prod.926. Linn. Suppl. 118, Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 238. n. 1233. . Willd. Sp. PL 1. p. 518. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 654. u2 Hap. 148 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Hottentots-Holland: Roode Zant. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc. Linn.) Desc. Frutex erectus, sesquipedalis, bipedalis, ramosissimus. Rami ramulique umbellati, hi subsericei, illi rubicundi gla- briusculi. Folia imbricata, conferta, vix unguicularia, ra- mulorum recentiorum sericea. Spica sessilis. Bractee fo- "hacezm. Jnvolucri foliola subulata, demüm glabriuscula. Calyx densissimé barbatus, villis brevibus sericeis ; laminá interiori dupló majori, villis marginalibus arcté inflexis. Stigma planiusculum, papillä centrali. Sguamule hypogyne quatuor, lineari-subulat«. , *9. S. pyramidalis, involucro tetraphyllo: foliolis acuminatis pe- dicellos subzequantibus, spicá erectá solitariá sessili oblongo- pyramidali foliis semuncialibus dupló longiore. _ Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Swellendam. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Lambert. et Soc. Linn.) Desc. Fruter erectus, ramosissimus, ramis ramulisque umbel- latis, pubescentibus. Folia confertissima, modice patentia, stricta v. parüm incurva, villosiuscula, callo acuto, mucroni- formi. Spica densa, subuncialis. Bractee foliacex, invo- lucra equantes. Involuera pubescentia, foliolis e latiore basi subulatis, apice patulis, exteriori parüm angustiore. : Calyx laminá interiori parüm majori, villis marginalibus simplici- bus. Stigma concavum, papillà centrali. Squamule hypo- gyne lineari-subulate. Receptaculum barbatum. *10. S. polystachya, involucro tetraphyllo : foliolis apice patulis, spicis nutantibus aggregatis pedunculatis, foliis uncialibus curvatis. | | Has. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 149 Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Gul. BRorbungh’M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Lambert. et Soc. Linn.) Desc. Fruter erectus, ramosissimus. Rami ramulique' um- bellati, rubicundi, ultimi pubescentes. Folia: conferta, pa- tula, subsigmoideo-curvata, villosa, mucrone acutissimo, novella sericea. Spice 4—6, reflexx, sesquiunciales, brevi- ter pedunculate, ramulis umbellatis longioribus. stipate. Bractee pedicellis ter longiores. JInvoluera foliolis subequa- libus, concavis, lanceolato-subulatis, acuminatis. . Calyz subeequalis, ^ Stigma planiusculum, papilla centrali. Nur brevissimé pedicellata, tenuissime pubescens. tt Involucra 3—4-flora. Stigma convexiusculum. Calyx subequalis. 11. S. incurva, spicis racemosis subpedunculatis, bracteis invo- lucro tomentoso (sub-4-floro) brevioribus, foliis incurvis, calycibus ineequalibus. æ. Spice sepe aggregate. Bractex pedicellos subequantes. Folia fer& uncialia, inferiora ramulorum glabra. Protea incurva. Thunb. Diss. n. 22*. tab. 3. bona, Willd. Sp. PL. 1. p. 516. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 652. B. Spice solitarie. Bractex pedicellos superantes.. Folia semuncialia, fere omnia ramulorum sericea, Has. In Africz Australis arenosis humidis subumbrosis; Roode — Zant Cascade. (v. s. «. in EN Haske, re FHonbeita Soc. Linn. B. in Herb, Hibbert.) AT | Oss. I. oh Boii pi Stigma planiusculum, papillä cen- trali. ; Ons. II. ß. Forsan distincta species : Foliis confertissimis, pe- dicellis involucro ferè dimidio brevioribus. *12. 8. pro- 150 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. *12. S. propinqua, spicà subpedunculatä, bracteis subulatis foliaceis involucra subsessilia tomentosa subbiflora »equanti- bus, foliis semuncialibus strictis ramulisque villosis, calyci- bus subeequalibus. Has. In Africä Australi. A. Auge. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.) Oss. Spica biuncialis. Pedicelli brevissimi. Nux pedicello manifesto, glabro, tenuissimé pubescens. 13. S. caudata, spicá sessili, bracteis involucrisque ovato-lanceo- latis glabriusculis ciliatis, foliis glabris acutis. Protea caudata. Thunb. Diss. sec. ic. tab. 2. Has. In Africà Australi ; prone: Pannen River. Masson. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.) - | zu Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus; TEEN glabri- usculis. Folia vix semuncialia, suprà canaliculata, acuta, stricta. Spice sæpè aggregatæ, cylindraceæ, densæ, unciales, quandoque biunciales. Involucra subsessilia, sæpiùs triflora. Calyx subæqualis, barbatus. Stigma convexum. Nua te- nuissimè pubescens. 14. S. Thunbergü, spicå sessili, bracteis involucrisque ovato- lanceolatis villosis, foliis calyce tongiorihis acutis canalicu- latis ramisque pilosis. Protea caudata. Thunb. Diss. n. 23.* secund. descript. Has. In Afric Australis montosis. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.) P Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus. Folia vix semuncialia; conferta, imbricata, stricta v. parüm incurva. Spica cylin- dracea, densa, uncialis, sesquiuncialis. Involucra brevissime pedicellata, bracteis parüm longiora, villis persistentibus. Calyx Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 151 Calyx subequalis, laminis brevissime barbatis, subsericeis. Stigma. convexum. . Nux tenuissimé pubescens, pedicello brevissimo, crasso, glabro. *15. S. brevifolia, foliis calyce brevioribus obtusiusculis subseri- ceis triquetris, spicis —_— bracteis involucrisque pubes- . centibus. Han. In Africe Australis montosis. D. Masson. (v.s. in Herb. : Banks. et D. Aiton.) Desc. Frutex erectus, ramis siiidebicllatin, virgatis, peni. bus. Folia subtriquetra, suprà canaliculata, patenti-erecta, - villosiuscula, subtrilinearia. Spica solitaria, sessilis, uncialis, sesquiuncialis, rachi pedicellis. bracteisque pubescentibus. Bractec e basi membranaceá, lanceolatä, subulate. Involu- cra brevissime pedicellata, 2-—3-flora. Calyx zequalis, Stigma convexum, papilla elevatiore.. Squamule hypogyne quatuor subulat:e.. á 12. ADENANTHOS. ; Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 28. Cuan. GEN. Calyx quadrifidus, infra circumscissus. Squamule quatuor hypogyne, basi persistenti calycis adnate. Pistillum calyce longius. Stigma verticale. Nux ventricosa. Invo- ` lucrum uniflorum, imbricatum, 4—8-phyllum. HABITUS.. Frutices. Folia pose. in diversis varia. Flores aail- lares, solitarii, rubicundi ; rarà terminales, subaggregati, lutes- centes. TON 1. A. obi foliis: obótotis integerritniä glabris Adenanthos TION Labillard. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 29.* tab. 37. Has. In collibus saxosis ore australis Nove Hollandis ; Lewins Land. (ubi v. v.) 2. A. cus. 152 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 2. A. cuneata, foliis cuneatis sericeis apice dentato-crenato. . Adenanthos cuneata. Labillard: Nov. Holl. 1. p. 28.* tab. 36. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ore australi ; Lewins Land : prope littora. (ubi v. V.) 3. A. sericea, foliis filiformibus biternatis : sericeis, er axil- laribus solitariis, stylo glabro. Adenanthos sericea. . Labillard. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 29.* tab. 38. ‘Has. In Nove Follandies ora australi; Lewins Land: in arenosis prope littora. (übi v. v.) 4, A. terminalis, folis filiformibus trifidis: laciniis lateralibus bifidis intermedia indivisä, stant iss ynspeiiuidibna solitariis ternisve, stylo villoso. | ^. M In Nove Hollandiz oni aibstealis Flinders Land : in depressis prope littora. (ubi v. v.) .13. SIMSIA. Cuar. Gen. Calyx Ugo dea regularis, laminis reflexis. Stamina exserta. Anthere tandem liberz, primo coh:erentes, lobis proximis vicinarum loculum constituentibus. prem . dilatatum, concavum. Nur obconica. E as Hanrirvs. Frutices humiles, glabri. Folia alterna, Literate dicho- toma, petioli basi dilatatá. Capitula globosa, parva, terminalia, racemosa, v. paniculata, involucro inde v. nullo. Flosculi flavi, glabri, unibracteati. i I have named this genus in honour of Dr. John Sims the PAPAE editor of the Botanical Magazine, *1. S. tenuifolia, capitulis nudis, -pasiculm ramis subunifloris bracteolatis. | jun | Has. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 155 Has. In Nove Hollandie ora australi: Lewins Land; ad — latera saxosa collium. (ubi v. v.) | *2. S. anethifolia, capitulis involucratis bracteolis imbricatis, paniculz ramis multifloris: ramulis capitula subaequantibus. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi : Lewins Land ; in are- nosis prope littora. (ubi v. v.) 14. CONOSPERMUM. Smith, Linn. Trans. vol. 4. Exot. Bot. Gart. Carp. 3. p.198. t. 215. Cuar. Gen. Calyx tubulosus, ringens, laciniä supremä basi for- - nicat. Anthere tres, inclusæ, laterales dimidiatæ, superior biloba: primò cohærentes, lobis proximis vicinarum locu- lum constituentibus. Stigma liberum. -Nur obconica, pap- posa. : | "e ul. Hasırvs. Frutices. Folia sparsa, integerrima, plana, rariüsve Jiliformia. Spice axillares v. terminales, composite, sensim florentes, hinc corymbose. Flores solitarii, sessiles, unibracteati, albi v. carulescentes; Calyce deciduo ; BracteA cucullatá per- sistenti. — ! Hs "$7 Oss. Jussieu and Ventenat have referred this genus to the na- tural order Thymelez ; but that it isa genuine Proteacea, as Dr. Smith has considered it, is proved by the erect embryo, _ the terminal style, and the estivation of the Calyx; and is - rendered. evident by its affinity to Simsia, which, with the ` more usual appearance of this order, agrees with Conosper- mum in the structure of its Anthere. (4 Calycis lacinie acule, tubo viz longiores. _Conosperma vera. 1. C. ellipticum, foliis ovali-oblongis obtusis mucronulatis ave- ¿` niis, pedunculis axillaribus. ESA VOL. x. x Conospermuna 154 Mr. Brow N, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. i Conospermum-ellipticum. Smith in Rees, Cyclop. | ; Has. In Nove Hollandiæ orá orientali, prope Port Jackson ; in ericetis aridis. (ubi v. v.) 2. C. tavifolium, foliis lanceolato-linearibus acutis mucronatis te- nuissime pubescentibus > elgg basi tortis, pedunculis axillaribus. | ; | Conospermum taxifolium. ‘Smith i in ER Ci jen: Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson; ; in ericetis. (ubi v. v.) | 5. C. erieifoliuim, foliis subulato-filiformibus imbri iatis, spicis axillaribus pedunculo brevioribus. à peers ericifolium. Smith in Rees. Cyclops: Has. In Nove Hollandiæ ora orientali, i Port. epee: ; in ericetis. (ubi v. v.) i Glos = 4. C. Vli folii; foliis oblongis linearibusve planis venosis, pe- dunculisque elongatis scapiformibus, corymbis decompositis, calycis limbo extüs pubescenti tubum vix zequante. Conospermum longifolium. Smith Exot. Bot. 2. p. 45. t. 82. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali, prope Port pon; ; “in ee ge u saxosis. se vivi) bl e "s C. ecc foliis lineari-filiformibus suhioaiaiisealastic ave- .— . niis, pedunculisque elongatis scapiformibus, corymbis sub- simplicibus, calycis limbo extüs pubescenti tubo longiore. — Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá orientali, prope Port Jackson ; in collibus arenosis Ente Sub (ubi v. v.) *6 C. cer ieu, foliis En Rite vine on- Bee de] . culisque "m Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu 155 culisque elongatis scapiformibus, corymbis compositis, caly- - €is limbo glaberrimo tubo longiore. Has. In Nove thai ag australi: Lewins Land. (ubi v. v.) tt Calycis lacinie caudate. Chilurus. *7, C. teretifolium, foliis teretibus pedunculisque elongatis, corym« bis compositis. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi ; Lorine Laud: in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) Lo *8. C. capitatum, foliis Motel» elongatis. tortilibus, we sessilibus e spiculis paucifloris congestis. Has. In. Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land : in col- libus apricis. graminosis. (ubi v. v.). +++ Incert® tribus. “9. €, distichum, foliis filiformibus subdistichis curatis spicis axillaribus indivisis. Hasc da Nove Hollandize Am australi ; Lewins. Land: — sheet v..v. flor. delen); deg dde tb 15, SYNAPHEA. - at uos asi. GEN. Calya ioiii ringens,. laciniá. inim. iore. Anthere tres, incluse, laterales dimidiat®, inferior biloba: hig primo: cohzerentes, lobis proximis vieinarum loculum consti- "tuentibus! om Ailamentoi —— sterili: connatum ! Nur obovata. IO « Hanrrusi Frutices. kuniks: F olia sparsa, plana, jilde re- ticulata, circumscriptione cuneiformia, lobata, inferiora ejusdem fruticis sepiüs indivisa: petioli bast dilatatá semivaginanti. Meant © x 2 | Spica 156 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Spice aaillares v. terminales, simplices v. ramose. Flores al- terni, solitarii, sessiles, unibracteati. Calyx flavus, deciduus, . quadripartibilis. Bractea cucullata, persistens. | Erym. cv«Q» connectio, ob peculiarem coherentiam stigmatis v. apicis styli cum filamento sterili: *1. S. favosa, foliis oblongo-euneiformibus indivisis trilobisque : lobis integris, petiolis spicisque glabris, stigmate bicorni. Ha». In Nove Hollandiz orå australi ; Lewins Land : in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) - Poe fH | 2 S. dilatata, foliis apice dilatatis trilobis: lobis inciso-dentatis, petiolis spicisque villosis, stigmate bicorni. ~ Conospermum reticulatum. Smith in Rees. Cyclop. | Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land: in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) *3. S. petiolaris, foliis rameis petiolos subzequantibus tripartitis : lobis divisis planis ; infimis trilobis integrisque, spicis elon- gatis ramosis, stigmate acuto. Polypodium spinulosum. Burm. Ind. p. 233. t. 67. fut. vel ad hanc v. ad plantam congenerem pertinere videtur. . Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá australi; Lewins Land: in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) ag *4. S. polymorpha, foliis rameis brevissime petiolatis tripartitis canaliculatis: lobis subdivisis ; infimis indivisis trilobisque, spicis simplicibus pedunculo longioribus, stigmate acuto. Has. In Novz Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) — $ aoe 16. FRANK- Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. ‚337 16. FRANKLANDIA. Cuar. Gen. Calyx hypocrateriformis, limbo quadripartito, plano, deciduo, tuvo persistenti. Anthere inclusz, calyce adnate ! Squame hypogyne, in vaginam connate. Nur fusiformis, pedicellata, apice dilatato papposo. Hasırus. Frutex glaber. Folia alterna, filiformia, eitn: Spice axillares, indivise, floribus alternis, unibracteatis, sor- didé flavis. Pollen sphericum. Cotyledones brevissime ! This genus is named in honour of Sir Thomas Frankland, ba- ronet, to whom English botany is much indebted, and whose valuable observations and excellent figures of submarine plants it is hoped he may be induced to communicate to the public. * FRANKLANDIA fucifolia. Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá australi ; Lewins Land: in eri- cetis humidis. (ubi v. v.) 17. SYMPHIONEMA. Cuar. Gen. Calyx regularis, tetraphyllus, basi coherens, medio staminifer. Filamenta apice coherentia! Anthere distincte. Glandule nulle hypogyn®. Ovarium dispermum. Stigma subtruncatum. Nux monosperma, cylindracea. Bnprus. Suffrutices v. Herbs glabre, pilisve raris glandulosis. - Folia tripartita, lobis divisis; inferiora opposita ! Spicæ ter- - minales et e summis alis, simplicés. Flores alterni, sessiles, unibracteati, ogee flavus, deciduus. Bractex Sle per- sistentes. | a tt s. palu- 158 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. *]. S. paludosum, laciniis foliorum subulatis semiteretibus, rachi- bus bracteisque glaberrimis. : Has. In Nove Hollandiæ ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson: in ericetis paludosis. (ubi v. v.) *2. S. montanum, laciniis foliorum planis linearibus uninervibus, . rachibus. bracteisque Nahen Gin pilis glandulosis bre- vissimis. Has. In je Hollandie ora orientali; prope Port J sitkson: in rupibus humidis. (ubi v. v.) 18. AGASTACHYS. Cnuan. Gen. Calyr regularis, tetraphyllus, basi coherens, medio staminifer. Filamenta distincta. Glandule nulle hypogyne. Ovarium sessile, monospermum, trigonum. Stigma unilaterale. HaniTus. Frutex glaberrimus. Folia sparsa, integerrima, plana. Spic: numerose, terminales et e summis alis, simplices. Flores alterni, sessiles, unibracteati. Calyx flavescens, deciduus. Pistil- lum staminibus brevius. Bractex cucullate, persistentes. EryM. yæerayvs spicis abundans. AGASTACHYs odorata. Has. In Insule Diemen plagis australioribus; prope Ad- venture Day: ubi primüm a JD. Nelson detecta, nuperiüs lecta. a D. G. Caley. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.) 19. CENARRHENES. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 30. t. 50. Cuar. Gen. Calya tetraphyllus, regularis, foliolis suprà. angus- tatis, deciduus. Stamina basi calycis inserta. Glandule | | quatuor | Mr. Brown; on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 159 quatuor hypogyne, staminiformes. Ovarinm sessile, mono- spermam. Stigma simplex. Drupa baccata. Hasrtus. Arbor glabra. Folia alterna ; plana, dentato-serrata, - ^ wilde, Spice axillares, simplices. Flotes alteri, sessiles, tnt- bracteati, . i Ogs. Labillardiere considers this genus as most nearly related to Lauri. Jussieu, however, has (in Annales du Museum, v. 5 p. 224.) stated sufficient reasons for excluding it from that order, but has not attempted to determine its affinity. I have ‘ventured to place it in Proteacee, from the structure of its fruit, stamina and calyx, and the only circumstance in which | it differs from them, consists in its having (according to Labil- lardiere)four barren stamina; but even these occupy the place of the glands or scales usually found in the order, and the re- semblance they bear to stamina in this geiius, may assist in explaining their nature in all: nor does their being in most cases secreting organs render this view of their origin improba- ble ; for the function of secretion, which, as it is far from uni- versal, must be considered as only of secondary importance in assisting impregnation, is more frequently accomplished by _ the modification of some of the usual parts of the- flower than by the production of an additional organ. _ CENARRHENES nitida. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 36.* t. 50. =- Haz. In Insule Diemen plagis australioribus. Labillardiere. nn s. cum is $i foribus. delapsa in Herb. D. Lambert.) > RSOC ONIA. Smith in Jen. i iv. Gert. Carp. 3 p- 218, PA 240... ‚Pentadaotylon.. Gert. l. c. p. 219. t. 220. ^ Linkia. Cav. fc. 4 ‘ Cu An. Gen. Calyx doth ylhas, regularis, foliolis medio stami- ' niferis; suprà recurvis, deciduus. Stamina exserta, Glan- dule 160 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. - dule quatuor hypogynas. | Ovarium pedicellatum, 1-loculare, 1—2-spermum. Stigma obtusum. Drupa baccata; Nuce 1—2-loculari ! Jol Hasirtvus. Frutices v. Arbuscule, cortice in quibusdam. scarioso- lamelloso. Folia sparsa, integerrima, sepiüs.plana. Pedunculi axillares, solitarii, ebracteati, v. racemosi, unibracteati. Flores . flavi. Pedicellus ovarii in quibusdam articulatus ! Cotyledones sepius plures ! | *1. P. teretifolia, foliis filiformibus exsulsis, pedunculis unifloris solitariis, antheris acuminatis, stylis ovario brevioribus. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi ; Lewins Land: in col- . libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) *2. P. microcarpa, foliis -filiformibus canaliculatis, pedunculis , solitariis geminis ternisve, antheris muticis, stylis ovario ali- quoties longioribus, stigmate cernuo. | . Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land : in eri- cetis paludosis. (ubi v. v.) : *3. P. pinifolia, foliis filiformibus laxis, spicà foliatä elongata pyramidali : foliis floralibus abbreviatis, ovario monospermo. — Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson: in ericetis et ad ripas rivulorum. (ubi v. v.) ! 4. P. juniperina, foliis subulatis strictis pungentibus, . pedunculis axillaribus sparsis spicisve foliatis abbreviatis, ovariis disper- mis glabris. — = | . Persoonia juniperina. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p- 33.* tab. 45. Has. In Insulä Diemen: et Nove Hollandia; ord australi, prope Port Phillip: in ericetis aridis lateribusque collium. (ubi v. v.) | "5 P. hir- — Mr. Brown, on the Proteacea of Jussieu. 161 5, hirta; foliis linearibus hirsutis scabris margine recurvis, pedunculis axillaribus, ovariis monospermis sericeis. Persoonia hirsuta. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118. Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá orientali; prope Port Jackson: in ericetis humidis. (ubi v. v.) *6. P. mollis, foliis longo-lanceolatis villosis subtüs mollissimis, calycibus barbatis, ovariis dispermis glabris. Has. In Nove Hollandiz orä orientali ; prope Port Jackson: - ad tipas arenosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.) es T. P. linearis, foliis M ufto-linearitios elongatis glabris, pedun- culis erectis calycibusque pubescentibus, pedicello ovarii inarticulato, caule arborescenti: cortice levi. Persoonia linearis. And. Repos. 77. Vent. Malmais. 32, Sims. Bot. Mag. 760. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118. Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá orientali ; prope Port Jackson : in campis. et collibus. (ubi v. v.) — à *8. R un foliis lanceolato-linearibus elongatis glabris, pedun- culis erectis calycibusque pubescentibus, pedicello ovàrii inarticulato, caule arborescenti : cortice scarioso-lamelloso. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson: in montosis ad ripas fion: D. Fer. Bauer. (v. s.) 9. P. virgata, foliis linearibus oblongo-linearibusve sparsis ver- —ticalibus glaberrimis margine levibus, pedunculis erectis calycibusque glabris, caule arborescenti: cortice levi. - Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope er =. in arenosis prope littora. (ubi v. v.) VOL. x. Y *10. P. fleni- 162 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.. *10. P. flevifolia, foliis lanceolato-linearibus mucronatis confer- tis basi tortis utrinque levibus punctis crystallinis mican- tibus; marginibus scabris, calycibus glabris, caule fru- ticoso. Has. In Nove Hollandie ora australi; Lewins Land: ad latera saxosa collium. (ubi v. v.) *|1. P. scabra, foliis lineari-lanceolatis mucronatis utrinque sca- bris punctis crystallinis aliisque minutissimis opacis con- spersis, calycibus pubescentibus. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi ; Lewins Land: : in col- libus saxosis. icem y: ) ot y» t - A "EG spathulata folii RER eg mucronatis con- ` caviusculis utrinque scaberrimis punctis crystallinis. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land : in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) *13. P. nutans, foliis linearibus levibus, pedunculis axillaribus recurvis calycibusque glabris. | Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson : -. in. sylvis solo arenoso, ad radices montium. (ubi v. v.) *14. P. falcata, foliis elongato-lanceolatis basi attenuatis sub- petiolatis falcatis aversis coriaceis, antheris acuminatis, caule arborescenti: cortice lamelloso. - Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; von River: Jos. Banks, bart.: septentrionali, Carpentaria ; prope littora. (ubi v. v. cum eur: flor. delaps.) 15. P. lanceolata, foliis innceomale ellipticisre mucronatis abris | levibus, Mr. Brown,, on thé Proteaceae of Jussieu. 163 levibus, pedunculis axillaribus. uniflóris, calycibus pube adpressä subsericeis, pedicello ovarii inarticulato. : Persoonia lanceolata... And. Repos. 74. - Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118. 8. Persoonialatifolia. And. Repos. 280? Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ; prope Port Jaskáon : in campis ericetisque, prope littora. (ubi v. v.) 16. P. salicina, foliis lanceolato-oblongis inequilateralibus aversis, racemis lateralibus pedunculisve axillaribus unifloris, caly- cibus. glabriusculis, -caule anboiescehtit t cortice Scarioso- lamelloso. Linkia levis. Cavan. Ic. 4. nef 61. t. .389 ? an testé P. lan- ceolate ? Persoonia salicina. - Pers. Syn. 1. p. 18. Has. In Nove Hollandie ord orientali ;: prope Port Jackson : in campis collibus et sylvis. (ubi v. v.) 17. P. ferruginea, foliis ellipticis equilateralibus venosis adversis, pedunculis axillaribus multifloris Pes cPdiqns ferrugineo- tomentosis, caule erecto... du neiii laurina. '.. Pers. Syn. lp: 118. Aliasosı ab cO Persoonia ferruginea. Smith. Exot, Bot. 2. ids AT. 4.83... Has. In Nove Hollandie one oniemtalis ; prope Port Jackién : in campis. (ubi v. v.) - oe *18. P. prostrata, folis ovalibus obtusis margine pubescenti- bus, gedoncui. axillaribus ı uni-v. peuciBon, caule procum- Has. In: Nova. Hollandie Sica: ; prope Sandy Cape ; in .. arenosis perpe littora. (ubi v. v. cumfruct. matur. en ee ) E $ er Y2 Ze: = *19. P. vn 164 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. *19. P. elliptica, foliis ellipticis venosis, racemis lateralibus, calycibus glabris, pedicello ovarii articulato. Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: ad latera saxosa collium. (ubi v. v.) *20, P. articulata, foliis elongato-lanceolatis squilateralibus gla- bris, racemis lateralibus pedunculisve unifloris, calycibus glabriusculis, ovarii pedicelli articulo inferiore — hypogynas eequante. » | Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) 21. P. longifolia, foliis elongato-linearibus falcatis, racemis late-. ralibus pedunculisve unifloris, calycibus pube adpressá tectis, ovarii pedicelli articulo inii glandulis hypogynis lon- giore. | Has. In Nove Hollandis ord australi ; ; kena Land : in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) 22. P. graminea, foliis rameis linearibus longissimis margine re- curvis, racemis secundis multifloris, calycibus glabris, caule suffruticoso abbreviato. Has. In Nove Hollandise orá australi; Lewins Ton; aa ripas arenosas stagnorum. (ubi v. -— | | 21. BRABEIUM. kr Gen. Pl.1. n.85. Mant. 168. ed. Schreb. n. 1580. Cuan. Gun. Calya tetraphyllus, regularis. Stamina basi calycis inserta. Vaginula hypogyna. Ovarium sessile. Stigma ver- ticale. .Drupa exsucca, monosperma, putamine osseo. HABITUS. Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 165 Hapırvs. Arbor. Folia (Theophrasti,) verticillata, serrato-dentata. —. Spice axillares, floribus fasciculatis, ternis plurisbusve, bracted communi subtensis, plerisque masculis pistillo imperfecto. Braseıum stellatifolium. | Arbor hexaphylla sthiopica, foliis circa caulem ad intervalla senis. Pluk. Alm. 47. t. 265. f. 3. Amygdalus zethiopica fructu holosericeo. Breyn. cent. 1. t. 1. Brabejum. Hort. Cliff. 36. Roy. Lugd. Bat.400. Brabejum stellatifolium. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 121. ed. ii. p.177. Mant. p. 332.* Brabyla. Mant. p. 137.* Brabeium stellulifolium. Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 764. Houtt. Nat. Hist. par. 2. t. 6. p. 424. tab. 37. ed. Germ. t. 4. p. 647. t. 37. f. 1... Lam. Encyc. Botan. 1. p. 459*? Illust. Gen. tab. 847. Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 972. Brabeium stellatum. Thunb. Prod. 31. Has. In Africá Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v.s. in Herb. Banks. Lambert.) 29, GUEVINA. Molin. Chil. 198. Juss. Gen. 424. Quadria. Gen. Flor. Peruv. et Chil. 16. tab. 33. Gert. Carp. 3. p. 220. tab. 220. Cuaar. Gen. Calyx tetraphyllus, irregularis, foliolis tribus revo- lutis, quarto erecto. Anthere apicibus concavis calycis im- merse. Glandule due hypogyne, antice. Ovarium di- spermum. Stigma obliquum. Drupa putamine osseo, mo- nospermo. | Hasitus. Arbor. Folia alterna, pinnata. Racemi aaillares, flori- bus geminis, pedicellatis, paribus unibracteatis. Calyx tomen- tosus, deciduus. Drupa parüm carnosa, nucleo amygdalino. Guevina 166 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. -Guevina Avellana.. Molin. Chil. 198.* Nebu subrotundo fraxini folio. Feuill. 8. p. 46. t. 33. Quadria heterophylla. Flor. Peruv. et Chil. 1. p. 63. t. 99. fib. Has. In sylvis et ad radices montium Chilensium. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. a Dombey.) | 23. BELLENDENA. : Cuar. Gen. Calyx tetraphyllus, regularis, patens. Stamina hy- pogyna. Glandule mulla hypogyne. Ovarium dispermum. Stigma simplex. Samara? aptera, 1—2-sperma. ; Hanirus. Frutex glaberrimus. Folia sparsa, plana, apice trifida. Spica racemosa, terminalis; floribus sparsis, rarò geminatis. Calyx albus citd deciduus. Ovarium cum pedicello suo articula- ` tum. ` Samara colorata margine altero sulcato. © | This genus is named in honour of Joun BELLENDEN Ker, esq. whose botanical merits are established by an excellent Essay on Ensate, published in the Annals of Botany, and by his elaborate disquisitions on the Genera of that and other mo- nocotyledonous families, in the latter volumes of the Botani- cal Magazine. BELLENDENA montana. " Haz. In Insulä Diemen : in summis montibus. (ubi v. v.) 24. ANADENIA. | Cuar.Gex. Calyx tetraphyllus, apicibus concavis staminiferis. ` Anthere immerse. | Glandule nulle hypogyne. | Ovarium dispermum. Stigma conicum. Folliculus unilocularis, abor- tione monospermus. .. Semen apterum. poe Hazrros. Frutices. (Grevilleis affines:) pube dum adsit, medio afızd. Folia pinnatifida v. lobata, circumscriptione cuneiformia. Spice Mr, Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 167 Spice terminales, v. laterales, floribus. geminatis, paribus uni- bracteatis, summis quandoque pracocioribus ! Erym. « priv. et «dr» glandula. *1. A. pulchella, foliis pinnatifidis pilosiusculis: lobis cuneiformi- bus apice trifidis v. inciso-pinnatifidis, folliculis viscidis. Haz. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in collibus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) "o> A trifida, foliis cuneiformibus triplinervibus aveniis trifidis (unguicularibus) subtüs argenteis : lobis integerrimis laterali- busve 2—3-dentatis. Has. In Nove Hollandiz orå australi; Lewins Land: in syl- = vis solo arenoso. (ubi v. v.) Oss. Forte generis distincti, ob calycem irregularem, stigma paulló diversum, et folliculum ligneum bipartibilem. : *3. A. ilicifolia, foliis cuneiformibus (uncialibus) venosis subtüs argenteis basi attenuatis extra medium pinnatifido-incisis. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Flinders’ Land: in arenosis prope littora. (ubi v. v. floribus i TOS pie absque fructu) — 25. GREVILLEA. CHAR. GEN. Calyx irregularis foliolis laciniisve secundis, apicibus . cavis staminiferis. Anthere immerse. Glandula unica hy- pogyna, dimidiata. Ovarium dispermum. Stigma obliquum, depressum (rarò subverticale, conicum). Folliculus unilocu- laris, dispermus, loculo centrali. Semina marginata V. apis brevissimé alata. — Hanrirvs. Frutices raró Arbores, pube dum adsit medio affizá. Folia alterna, indivisa v. pinnatifida. Spicze modo elongate race- mos@, modo abbreviate corymbose v. fasciculi iformes, involucro. nullo, 168 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. nullo, pedicellis geminatis, raró pluribus fasciculisve unibractea- tis. Calyces sepissimé rubicundi, nunc flavi; in quibusdam obliqué inserti. Folliculi vel coriacei, ovati, stylo toto coronati ; seminibus ovalibus angustissimé marginatis et apice brevissime alatis : lignei, vel subrotundi, pseudo-bivalves basi tantum styli mucronati ; seminibus undique alatis. This extensive genus, of which a few of the least remarkable species have been already published as Embothriums by Dr. Smith, Cavanilles, and others, I have dedicated to the right honourable CHARLES Francis GREVILLE, one of theVice- Presidents of the Royal Society; a gentleman eminently distinguished for his acquirements in natural history, and to whom the botanists of this country are indebted for the in- troduction and successful cultivation. of many rare and in- teresting plants. | Grevillea is probably the most extensive genus of Proteacex in New Holland, and admits of division into several very . natural sections, most of which are readily distinguishable by more than one character, existing either in the parts of fructification or in habit ; notwithstanding which, I have not. ventured to separate them into distinct genera, as I probably should have done, had I been acquainted with fewer species ; but have given to each section a proper name, a practice | that may perhaps be advantageously adopted in all large genera, where they are thus capable of natural subdivision, It must be unnecessary to add that proper names can in ‘this manner be given only where the sections are perfectly natural, and not in those cases where genera have been subdivided from single characters, and those too of but little importance, as in Thunberg’s division of Protea, from the form and division of the leaves ; to which may be opposed ! | the Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 169 the masterly subdivision of the same genus previously given by Linneus in the Mantissa, whose. sections, though ap- parently depending on. single characters, are, evidently formed from a contemplation of the whole structure, as far as - it was then understood ; and it is remarkable that, with the exception of the first species, with whose real structure he was necessarily unacquainted, the rest are arranged, and even divided into. sections, in most cases corresponding with the genera — in the present sai + Folliculicoriacei, RT toto BT dite phar gine ead angustissimè marginata, apiceque brevissimé alata. | A. LYSSOSTYLIS. Folia omnia.integerrima (in plerisque marginibus refractis v. replicatis pseudo-3-Rervia) . Flores fasciculati v. in racemo Labitquietes Styla. gioler, Follievlye: ecostatus. sp). stuilotmes 1. G. punicea, foliis ciliaten basi. veteri a ‚mar- ginibus refractis, ramulis. floriferis racemoque abbreviato re- curvis, pistillis uncialibus,, barba interiore calycis oblongá dimidium inferiorem unguium æquante. Tabothriim sericeum e. Smith. New Hall, 27. 4 9. 9. f 5. B. dn. Mciecila nn (ubi v: he 39, G: dubia, foliis: ellipticis: meaginilussp ta clin, pa ramis s ramulis- que tomentosis, floriferis racemoque | abbreviato. Mors. pistillis unciä brevioribus. — Has. In. Novz Hollandiz ora, orientali ; ; prope Port. J ackson: . in saxosis: subhumidis prope littora. TORTE TEN S. Ons. Nimis affinis praec YOL X. z TON. G., se- ' 170 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 3. G. sericea, foliis ellipticis oblongisve obtusis mucronatis mar- ginibus refractis, ramulis floriferis erectis, racemis abbreviatis recurvis, pistillis semuncialibus, barbá interiori calycis di- midio inferiore unguium breviore. Embothrium sericeum. Smith. New Holl. 25. t. 9. fi 1, 2,3, 4. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 939. And. Repos. 100. Sims. in Bot. Mag. BERETS: xi — Embothrium egrisonles ^Cav. Ic. 4. 2.60. t. 386. f. 2. Has. In Nove Hollaridiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson: in saxosis prope littora marina et ad rivulorum ripas. ~~ (ubi v. v. 38 4. G. linearis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis mucronatis margi- nibus refractis, racemis. abbreviatis esectinecnlin, stylis apie glaberrimis. _ Embothrium Vibes folii Fd de. d. p- 59. t. 386. feds -< Embothrium lineare. And. Repos. 272. Embothrium sericeum y. Smith. New Holl. 27. t. 9. iR 6 Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson : in saxosis presertim prope littora. (ubi v. v.) *5. G. stricta, foliis lanceolato-linearibus acutis mucrondtis mar- ginibus refractis ee stylis apice sericeis. . Has. In Nove Hollandie ora oriéwitali- ; prope Port Jackson : ad ripas saxosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.) *6. G. riparia, foliis elongato-linearibus marginibus refractis cos- taque lzvibus,stylis apice glaberrimis, pistillis quadriline- aribus: pedicello ovarium Bases barba interiori. Mpilycis , densá. dédit Has. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 171 Haz». In Nove Hollandie orá orientali ; prope Port Jackson: ad ripas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.) #7. G. parviflora, foliis subulato-linearibus marginibus refractis costaque lievibus, ramulis glabriusculis, calycibus ferrugineis barbà interiori obsoletà, pistillis bilinearibus: pedicello ovarium vix zequante. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson: in fruticetis a littore remotis. (ubi v. v.) *8. G. juniperina, foliis subulatis fasciculatis divaricatis margini- bus refractis, ramulis villosis teretiusculis, pistillis semunci- alibus pedunculo partiali quadrupló longioribus. : Haes. In Nove Hollandiz orá orientali ; prope Port J ackson: in ericetis rariùs ~ D. G. Caley, § A. Gordon. (v. s.) *9. G. australis, foliis lanceolato-subulatis unciä brevioribus mar- gine subrecurvis, suprà pube decidua conspersis subtus se- riceis, ramis ramulisque tomentosis teretibus. Has. In Insulä Diemen; plagis australioribus: ad fluviorum ripas. (v. v. absque flor. v. fruct.) *10. G. tenuifolia, foliis subulatis margine revolutis unciä brevi- oribus, fasciculis sessilibus, pistillis bilinearibus. Has. In Insulä Diemen ; pes post power ad ripas - saxosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.) - T *112 G. pauciflora, foliis ‚nk planiusculis obtusis mu- cronulatis supra levibus subtüs subsericeis: inferioribus glabriusculis, fasciculis 2-4-floris erectis, calycibus nudius- culis pistillum subzquantibus, teiras | z 2 Han. 172 Mr. Brown; on the Proteacee of Jussiea. Has. In Nove Hollandic ord australi; Flinders’ — depressis apricis prope littora. (ubi viiv.) *12. G.aspera, foliis — obtusis mucronulatis suprà punctato-asperis subtüs argenteis, racemis abbreviatis recur- vis, stylis brevissimis, stigmate ‘cochleariformi. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Flinders’ Bind : ericetis aridis. (v. v: flor. delaps. fruct. matur.) *13. G. concinna, foliis linearibus marginerevolutis levibus erectis, racemis recurvis secundis multifloris, ovariis lanatis, stylis glaberrimis calyce subsericeo dupló come: Ors. A reliquis sectionis facie differt. | Has. In Novae ollandise: óriraustiali 2 r rilibus prope littora marina. = v.v) wins *99, B. at- Mr. Brown, oñ the Proteacee of Jussieu. 209 *29. B. attenuata, foliis elongato-linearibus truncatis basi attenu- atis extra medium serratis: swhtus costatis reticulatis areolis tomentosis, bracteis ápice hirsutis, calycibus glabris, folliculis tomentosis. Ha». In Nove Hollandis ord australi ; Lévine Land: prope littora. (ubi Y. v.) © *23, B. elatior, folis elongato-linearibüs subtruncatis serratis subtüs reticulatis : adultis glabriusculis, bracteis imberbibus calycibusque tomentosis, stylo glaberrimo, stigmate ovali- . clavato, caule arbóreo.» Has. In Nove Hollandie: ord orientali; — Sandy ug prope littora. (ubi v. v.) 24. B. serrata, foliis lato-linearibus elóngatis truncatis serratis : subtüs reticulatis glabriusculis: basi attenuata, stylo imo pulvereo-pubescenti, stigmate cylindraceo sulcato: basi oblique incrassatä, caulé arboreo. Banksia serrata. Linn. Suppl. 126. .* Lam. Encyc. Botan. 1. p- 369. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 242. t. 54. f. 1. Whites Voy. 222. cum tab. 9 prioribus. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 535. And. Repos. 82. Banksia conchifera. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 221. t. A8. f. 1. Banksia serrata. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p.222. Ic. 6, p. 27. t. 540. (forsan ad sequentem pertinet.) Banksia dentata. Wend. Hort. Herenh. tab. 8. ? vel ad sequen- _» ftem pertinens. Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson: in campis er littora. ie; v.) *95. Bs comand ribus elongatis truncatis profundé serratis: subtüs reticulatis glabriusculis, calycibus sericeis, VOD X 2 x | stigmate 210 Mr..Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussied. - =o stigmate capitato exsulco nitido apice (quadrangulo) styli dupló crassiore, caule fruticoso. ¿ Banksia serratifolia. Salisb; Prod. 51. ? Banksia serrata. Whites Voy. 222. tab. tertia? < Haz. In.Novz Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson: in campis arenosis ericetisque. (ubi v. v.) Oss. B. serrata Cavan. et dentata Wend. suprà ad B. serrate: uj reitati forte ad hanc, valde afüneni, pertinent. | 26. B. dentata, foliis cutiteto-nblongfa ninata sinuato-dentatis- undulatis basi acutis: subtüs costatis venulosis niveis, ioca * « Cibus sericeis, folliculis tonientosis. Banksia dentata. Linn. Suppl. 127. Willd. Sp. PU 1. p.536. Has. In Nove Hollandiw ord orientali, prope Endeavour River; et in septentrionali, Arnhems Land: se Mong + (ubi y. iniu : ; #97, B. Mena ia, foliis: oblongo-cuneatis subtrancatis glabris . Serrato-incisis : incisuris mucronatis, calycis laminis aristatis ! follieulis glabriusculis. , Has. In Nove Hollandie ord. australi; Lewins. Land: in. campis prope littora. (u bi v. v.) #28. B. speciosa, foliis linearibus pinnatifidis : lobis triangulari- semiovatis mucronatis subtüs niveis obsolet& nervosis, calycis Jaminis lanatis, stylo pubescenti, folliculis tomentosis. " . Has. In Nove Hollandie orä australi ; Lewins Land: saxosis prope littora. (ubi v. v. J 29. B. grund foliis pinnatifidis : lobis triangulari-ovatis acutis planis subtüs nervosis slabriusculis, calycis laminis follicu- Es glabris. | imo dus x = Banksia Mr. Brown; on the Proteacee of anst 211: Banksia grandis. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 535. Has. In Nove Hollandie orá australi; Lewins lands ‘is col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) :30. B. repens, foliis pinnatifidis : lobis sinuatis v. dentatis, caule prostrato. - Banksia repens. Labill Vs. 1. p. 412. 1.23. Nov. Holl. 2. p. 118. - Han. In Nove Hollandie orä australi; Lewins Land: campis Een can saxosis. (bl vei 3i #31, 1 B. ilicifolia; foils Guros a ap sot glabrius- culis, amentis brevissimis, calycis unguibus diu coherentibus stylum zequantibus : laminis citiüs dehiscentibus !. “Fas. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: campis collibusque prope littora. (ubi v. v.) Ons. Species tam singularis ut fer proprii generis, transitum ad Dryandras facilem i 58. DRYANDRA. ! Cuan. Gen. Calyx quadripartitus v. quadrifidus. Stamina apici- bus concavis laciniarum immersa. Squamule hypogyne quatuor. Ovarium biloculare, loculis monospermis. Folli- culus bilocularis, ligneus: Dissepimento libero, bifido. Recepta- culum commune planum, foribus indeterminatim confertis, paleis angustis, rar nullis. Involucrum commune imbricatum. HanirUs. Frutices plerumque humiles. Rami dum adsint. sparsi vel umbellati. - Folia sparsa, pinnatifida v. incisa, plante juve- - milis. conformia. — involucra solitaria, terminalia, rard late- ralia sessilia, foliis confertis interioribus quandoque nanis. obvul- . data, hemispherica, bracteis adpressis, in epe. "—— - diculatis. . au ri 2 x2 ; Oss. 212^ Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussiew. Os. Dryandra of Thunberg, first published in Flora Japonica, being not generically different from Aleurites, which was previously established by Forster, I have peculiar satisfaction in giving the name of my respected friend, Mr. DRYANDER, to a genus so nearly related to Banksia, from which indeed it differs chiefly in Inflorescence, but in that respect so widely- as tobe at once distinguishable : there is also something in the habit, especially in the leaves of the greater number of spe-. cies, by which, independent of the parts.of fructification, the genus is pretty certainly indicated ; and it is worthy. of no- tice, that, while Banksia is generally spread over all the’ coasts of New Holland and of Van Diemen's. Island,. Dry- andra bas hitherto been observed only. on. that part of the south coast called Lewins Land, where, however, its species are nearly as numerous and. — as those of Banksia. itself. *1. D. floribunda, foliis cuneiformibus inciso-serratis, involucri bracteis exterioribus. glabriusculis, calycis laminis glabris, stigmate subclavato obtuso. Haz. In Noyz Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in col- libus saxosis. (v. v.) - Variat receptaculo epaleato.. *2. Ds cuneata, foliis cuneiformibus sinuato-dentatis spinosis pe- tiolatis, involucri bracteis omnibus sericeis, calycis laminis- _ barbatis, stigmate subulato-filiformi acuto. -œ Folia vix sesquiunciam longa, dentibus. terminalibus sub- qualibus. — . - f. Folia biuncialia, apicis dilatati denticulo medio. aamiore sinubus latioribus. Forsan species distincta. ; Has. “ate es, Li A à b 4 RRRET ET X F : TI AL Am P , * (i | i] J y. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu- " 219» Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col- libus saxosis. og {ubi V. V ) #3, D. armata, foliis pinnatifidis : lobis triangularibus planis dis varicatis rectis spinoso-mucronatis: terminali proximis lon- giore; ; subtùs reticulatis venulis nudis, ramis calycisque la- minis glabris, Srp basi popescent, stigmate subulato u- La cato. Has. In Nove Taada or „australi ;. Lewins Land: eras SAXOSIS.. «Ibis v bur fa tifidis-: ahia suhulatertriaagnlaribus Be te Re ooriie. spinoso-mucronatis : terminali proximis. breviore; subtüs reticulatis venulis nudis, ramis pubescentibus, laminis calycis styloque longitudinaliter gla- bris, stigmate clavato exsulco, — — Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Tous Land: in collibus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) *5. D. formosa, foliis elongato-linearibus pinnatifidis: lobis scaleno-triangularibus muticis planis subtüs niveis, involu- cris tomentosis: foliolis interioribus lingasioblongis; peer taculo paleaceo. Tab. HI. Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá australi;. Lewins Land : in ste- nilibus prope littora.. (ubi Y n | 6. D. cine foliis. WE ode ed pinnetifidis : lobis isoscelo-triangularibus mucronulatis planis subtüs niveis, in- volucris tomentosis : foliolis interioribus linearibus mucrona- tis, receptaculo paleaceo, caule subsimplici. | | ‘ Han. 214 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. * Has. In Nove Hollandie orá australi : ; Lewins Land: in de- pressis saxosis. (ubi v. v.) m D. plumosa, foliis elongato-linearibus pinnatifidis : lobis isos- celo-triangularibus mucronulatis margine subrecurvis subtüs niveis, involucri foliolis interioribus plumoso- -aristatis, recep- taculo epaleato. | Ä Has. In Nove Hollandie ord À australis Lewins End ; in la- teribus saxosis collium. ue Y. v.) | | *8. D. obtusa, foliis linearibus pinnatifidis caule decumbenti to- amentoso longioribus: lobis triangularibus obtusis subtis niveis margine incrassato-recurvis, involucri bracteis exte- rioribus ovatis, interioribus lineari-oblongis. | ~Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in apricis prope littora. =s v. v.) 9. D. nivea, iia er, pinnatifidis caulem glabrum sub- zquantibus: lobis scaleno-triangularibus acutis mucronu- latis subtüs niveis margine recurvis, involucri bracteis lineari- lanceolatis glabris ciliatis, calyce quadrifido, unguibus la- minisque hirsutis. &. Folia lobis adscendentibus, mucronatis, subtüs venosis. Stigma stylo parüm crassius. Tun “Banksia nivea. Labill. Voy. 1. p. 413. t. 24. Nov. Holl. 2. p. 118. "P. Folia lobis divaricatis, uninervibus, subaveniis. Stikini stylo vix crassius. : i ~Has. In Nove Hollandi& ord australi : : Lewing Land: in sax- osis prope littora. - — v.v. m. ict ae EA uus *10. D. lon- Mr. Brown, on the Proteacec of Jussieu. 215 *10. D. longifolia, foliis linearibus pinnatifidis longissimis acutis subtüs cinereo-tomentosis : basi attenuata integerrimä ; lobis triangularibus adscendentibus decurrentibus margine re- curvis; involucri bracteis elongato-linearibus margine barba- tis extüs glabris, calycis unguibus basi lanatis suprà pube- scentibus : laminis pilosiusculis, caule tomentoso. _ Han. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi ; Lewins Land: in col- libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) “ul D. tenuifolia, foliis elongato-linearibus pinnatifidis subtrun- catis subtüs niveis: basi attenuata integerrimä petioliformi; lobis triangularibus decurrentibus divaricatis margine recur- vis, involucri bracteis tomentosis: exterioribus ovato-lan- = ceolatis, calycis unguibus basi lanatis suprà cauleque glabris. . Hag. In Nove Hollandie ord. australi ;; Lewins Land: in ericetis. (ubi v. v.) ¥12. D. pteridifolia, foliis pinnatifidis caule tomentoso longiori- bus: lobis linearibus: acutis mucronatis margine revolutis | basi dilatatis, involucri: bracteis tomentosis ovatis. - Has. In Nove Hollandiz orá australi ;; Lewins Land : ad la- tera saxosa: collium. (ubi v. v.) #13. D. blechnifolia, foliis pinnatifidis caule tomentoso longioribus: lobis linearibus obtusis mucronulatis trinervibus margine re- curvis basi simplici. Has. In Nova Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: prope King George's Sound. B Archibald Menzies. (v. s. absque fructificatione.). . Oss. Ad hoc genus retuli, ob summam affinitatem cum Diyan- drá pteridifolid, cujus vix varietas. * : To 216 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacec of Jussieu. 3 To RENDER this essay as complete as T am able, I proceed to notice such plants, as either belong or have been referred to Pro- teaceæ, but from my imperfect acquaintance with which, or from the unsatisfactory accounts hitherto given of them, could ‘not with certainty be referred to any of the genera described, or, if referable to any of them, I could not with confidence propose as distinct species; and shall conclude with the addition of a few synonyms to the species described, from Ray's Historia Planta- rum, which had escaped me when the paper was first read to the Society. LrvcapzNnpnow linifolium, foliis lineari-spathulatis aversis basi attenuatis ramisque glabris, capitulo masculo sessili foliis -circumvallantibus longiore, calycis tubo barbato: laminis stylisque imberbibus. Protea linifolia. Jacq. Hort. Schenb. 1. p. 11. t.26. Oss. There can be no doubt of the genus of this plant, or of the individual figured by Jacquin beinga male. From the sanie figure, by which alone I am acquainted with it, it seems to be very nearly related to Leucadendron tortum, from _ which it differs in having the male heads sessile, and in the | lamine of the calyx being quite smooth. - LEUCADENDRON fusciflorum, foliis Tineari-lanceolatis glabris . Junioribus rectis basi attenuatis, capitulo femineo foliis cir- - cumvallantibus breviore, calycis laminis plumoso-barbatis : tubo pilosiusculo; Protea fusciflora. Jacq. Hort: Sehanb. 1. p. 33. 4.27. — Ru This Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu 217 This also is known to me only from Jaequin’s figure, from which it is unquestionably a Leucadendron, and a female plant ; it can hardly however be supposed the female of the — preceding species ; and though I have here constructed a specific character for it, I think it is not improbably a variety of Leucadendron angustatum. ! LEUCADENDRON. : Protea linearis, Houtt. Nat. Hist. par. 2. vol, 4. p. 116. t. 19. f. 2. ed. Germ. vol. 3. p. 84, £.19. < This is undoubtedly a Leucadendron, and probably a female plant; but from the figure alone its species cannot be de- termined. LEUCADENDRON. Protea stellaris. Sims Bot. Mag. 881. Seems to be a male plant, and apparently different from any thing I have seen. From the form of the leaves and the length of those surrounding the capitulum, I am inclined to consider it as the male of Jacquin’s Protea fusciflora already ' — noticed. | LE LEUCADENDRON. Conocarpodendron ; folio tenuissimo, angustissimo, saligno ; ; cono calyculato. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 208. c. tab. ` This is probably a male plant, notwithstanding the figure of a ripe cone is given at the bottom of the plate; the separate fruits of some of Boerhaave’s figures belonging decidedly to very different species. It may be the male of Leucadendron adscendens. LEUCADENDRON f Protea odorata. Thunb. Prod. Append. 187. i VOL. X. 2r | There 218 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. ^ There is no means of determining the genus of this plant, but it is rather more probably a Leucadendron than belonging to any other. | LrUCADENDRON?? Conocarpodendron ; acaulon ; folio rigido, nervoso, oblongo, latiori; cono fusco; semine oblongo, in medid quasi exca- vato. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 9. p. 201. c. tab. : I know not what to make of this. If the strobilus and nuces at the bottom of the plate really belong to it, it must be re- ferred to Leucadendron, and will stand near L. retusum or L. plumosum ; but there are some circumstances both in the figure and description which render this very doubtful. Thunberg refers it to his P. strobilina, but the deseri ptions bynomeansagree. |. .. 5 oR LEUCADENDRON ? p Scolymocephalus ies folio, „Sherard, in Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. d 10. This, according to ee is his n ano oian, &c. 2. p. 107. & Tab which I have considered as the female of Leucadendron squarrosum. | Riv Pg | Of G xo és ‚ ;Protea glabra. Thunb. Diss. n. .59.. “From the very short and unsatisfactory description of Thun- Mee os the genus.of this plant cannot be determined, or even -"with much panbability: guessed ataa Tn 5 IsorocoN. — < Protea divites PR Repos. 465. an this be a variety.of. — anemonifolius 2... The yellow omit flowers Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussicu. 219 flowers satisfy me that it is not a species of Serruria, and prevent me at the same time from referring it to Isopogon anethifolius, whose leaves are not. unlike, but shore flowers are of a very different colour. = | | PROTEA. Iniifüs lade RT 4^ TÓ COT M Protéa venosa. © Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p.234. n. 1212. Poiret. - Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 640. Said by Poiret to resemble in most em crema Protea ipia: ; it ed therefore be a gane — d | f nrar Gee reas OEA f Ths edid JT oia 5 Sdglypnodenduos, A rent ex Monte Tabulari. Pluk Mant. 168. 4 AA2 fi Ar This is manifestly a Protea, : which it appears Plukenet had seen only in the possession of Woodward. The head, especially in the form of the bractex, bears a great resemblance to "that of Protea cynaroides; but the leaves are so very different, that, unless we suppose they were drawn from memory and disproportionately reduced, it cannot be referred to this » species It is probably however one of the more common kinds, and I know not what else to suppose it may be, except Protea grandiflora. The figure itself has never, so far as T know, been noticed by any author. LEUCOSPERMUM. ocd sy | Scolymocephalus poets ver in summitate profundiüs crenatis, intercreniis majoribus florum staminulis longis re- curvis. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 10. This is probably a Leucospermum, a and ven L. elliptic 2F2 | es; ? 220 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. Mimetes? Protea dichotoma. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1219. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 643. Probably a spurious Mimetes. Serrurıa Bergii, capitulis simplicibus solitariis subpeduncu- - atis, bracteis cuneiformibus truncàtis cum acumine villosis : inferioribus glabris, calycibus curvatis sericeis, stigmate tur- binato-capitato, ramulis foliisque glabris. Leucadendron spherocephalum. Berg. cap. 26.* This I have no hesitation in referring to Serruria ; and from the description of the accurate Bergius I am disposed to think it distinct from any I am acquainted with. It seems. most nearly related to Serruria acrocarpa, differing chiefly in the smoothness of its branches, and in having terminal heads. Sesión: Protea spheerocephala. Houtt. Nat. Hist. par. 2. vol. A. p. 99.. t. 19. f. 1. ed. Germ. vol.3. p. 72. 1.19. Unquestionably a Serruria, and -probably referable either to. S. hirsuta or pedunculata. SERRURIA. Protea villosa. Thunb. Prod. Append. 186. A Serruria whose characters cannot be made out from. the specie difference gree by Thunberg, SERRUBIA. Protea triternata. And. Repos. 337. This may be intended for S. congesta, but I cannot with con- fidence refer to it as such. ! SERRURLE. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 221 SERRURIZ. Protea abrotanifolia minor. And. Repos. 536. Protea abrotanifolia hirta. And. Repos. 522. Protea abrotanifolia odorata. And. Repos. 545. These are manifestly Serruri&, but I do not venture to refer them to any of the species I have described ;. nor are there sufficient materials from which they may be characterized as distinct species. _ NivkNIA. | Protea concava. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1217. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 642. . A species of Nivenia, and perhaps one of those described. NivEsNIA? | Protea candicans. Thunb. Prod. Append. 186. Probably a Nivenia, and perhaps not different from N. mol. lissima: it may however be a species of Serruria, in which case it is probably S. candicans. Protra prostrata. Thunb. Prod. 27.. I know not to what genus this may belong; but from the species: near which Thunberg has placed it, it may be supposed to be either a Protea or a Leucadendron: if the latter, it is pro- bably not very different from L. retusum. HAKEA. Conchium drupaceum. Gart. Carp.-5, p.217. 4. 219. I cannot refer this fruit to any of the species I have described. - EMBOTHRIUM chaparro. Humb. JEquin. Bot. Of this I know nothing but the name, which occurs in Hum- boldt's Chart of quinoctial Botany, and is placed there at the height of about 1600 feet. | Emso- 295 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Emeboturtum sirobilinum. Labill. Nov. Holl. 2. p. 116.-t. 265. The seeds of this remarkable plant, which I am acquainted with only from Labillardiere’s figure and description, being unknown, and the internal structure of its ovarium not hav- ing been examined, its genus cannot be determined. Its re- gular and deeply divided calyx, the four glands at the base of the ovarium, and its vertical equilateral stigma, point out its near affinity to Knightia, from which it differs in the style being deciduous, and perhaps also in the number and form of its seeds. If these are but two in number, it would be still more nearly related to Orites; but some- thing in its whole appearance, and especially its un- commonly large bractez, indicates its being a distinct genus. According to Labillardiere, it is a native both of New Caledonia and the south-west coast of New Holland: but asI am ac- quainted with no plant of the order, which has so wide a range as this, and as it may be presumed the specimens from New Holland were very imperfect, otherwise so remarkable a plant would surely have found a place in the body of his work, I may be permitted to question the accuracy of the statement. I confess however that I | know no plant of Lewin's Land with which this could be confounded. RovPaLa pinnata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 243. n. 1282. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 6. p. 317. Rude. Pl. Guian. 25. t. 38. There can be little doubt of this plant constituting a distinct genus ; but its fruit being entirely unknown, it is better to place it among those which require a further examination. It was referred. to Rhopala at a time when that genus was not at all-understood. Tn its compound leaves, its irregular calyx, Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 223 calyx, and even in some degree in the glands subtending the ovarium, it seems to approach more nearly to Gevuina ; and I am therefore inclined to think its fruit will be found to be a drupa, and not a folliculus as that of Rhopala. The whole plant however is so remarkable, that I here add a description - taken from an excellent specimen, in Mr. Lambert's Herba- rium, collected by the unfortunate Martin in Guiana, where it seems to have been first found by Richard. Frutex ? v. Arbor. Ramuli teretes, tomento. minuto cineras- centes. ° Folia alterna, abrupté pinnata, 3-4-juga. Foliola m opposita, petiolata, ' laté ovata, obtusa quandoque acutius- cula, integerrima, - glaberrima, super nitida, subter ferè opaca, venulis anastomozantibus parüm emersis reticulata: | dum 32 uncias longa 2 uncias lata. Petioli partiales semun- ciales; semiteretes, cum rachi teretiusculä articulati. Spica terminalis, pedunculata, erecta, folio brevior, pedunculo longior, racemosa: Pedunculo rachique tcretibus, pube brevissimA cinereo-ferrugineis (in sicco). Pedicelli geminati, teretes, calyce breviores. Calys tetraphyllus. Foliola ante expansionem in tubum curvatum cylindraeeum clausum utrinque ampliatum cohxrentia, mox ad basin distincta, decidua, linearia, extüs pube tenuissimä arcte appressä (in sicco) cinereo-ferrugineä ; intüs glabra : Unguibus linearibus, basi dilatatis: Laminis ovatis, acutis, concavis, Stamina 4. Filamenta brevissima, basi laminarum imposita. Antherarum — — Tobi (connectivo) | adnati, distincti, basi parüm divergentes, ss longitudinaliter dehiscentes. ‘Pollen. flavum. Ovarium breve . pedicellatum, parvum, uniloculare, dispermum, ovulis col- lateralibus: Pedicello basi cincto Squamá lata, glabra, adnata, (in sicco) corrugata, postice. subdeficiente, intersticiá an- gustissima. Sty lus cylindraceus, crassiusculus, glaber, | lon- gitudine unguium calycis. Stigma. obliquum, . convexum, - stylo crassius, papillà centrali. | Ons. 224 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. Ogs. Singularis, Foliis verè compositis, petiolellis cum rachi articulatis ; et Squamáà hypogyná pedicello ovarii adnatá, nec ipso receptaculo connexa. OnrTINA acicularis. Append. Flor. Nov. Holl. ined. This is a perfectly smooth erect shrub ; with alternate cylindri- cal leaves, furrowed on the upper surface and terminated by a pungent mucro. lobserved it only on the summit of the Table Mountain, at the southern extremity of Van Diemen's Island. The perfect flowers I have not seen, but have exa- mined the ovarium so soon after foecundation, that I have no doubt of its containing originally only two ovula ; and as its base is surrounded by four glands, the calyx is probably regular. Hence its near affinity to Orites, with which it also -—agrees in inflorescence and apparently in stigma, The fruit is a smooth compressed coriaceous follicule, containing two seeds, which are winged at both ends ; on which accountI have not absolutely referred it to Orites, but, until its lowers are discovered, have given it a temporary name, indicating its affinity to that genus. Banksıa musculiformis. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 221. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 242. n. 1980. Fructus musculiformis. Rumph. Amb. 9. p. 184. t. 60. Geertner has taken up this plant entirely from Rumpf's figure, and referred it to Ganksia on account of its fruit contain- ing according to that author two winged seeds. But from Rumpf's description, it appears that the whole plant is lactescent ; hence it probably does not belong to this family, but rather to Apocinie, as Burmannus has already con- jectured. Cytinpria. Lour. Cochin. ed, Willd. 1. p. 86. ! Both Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 225 | Bath Willdenow and Ventenat have considered this genus as belonging to Proteacese, with whose structure indeed the de- scription of Loureiro in most respects well: ‘agrees: © Mr. ^; Konig, however, (Ann. of Bot. 1. p. 392.) assures us; on the - authority of original specimens; ‘that it’ i$ scarcely. different | from Olea, though Loureiro has characterized it as having four bilocular ‘anthere, included in the concave apices of the segments of the corolla; two circumstances altogether incompatible with Olemz, and which render it not impro- bable that the specimen-sent-to- Sir Joseph Banks by the author was very) different from that: which he described. LEUCOSPERMUM Conocarpum. - isd qx5 i Scolymocephalus A ipse) qiie Seele uei foliis ' in Exil Ed i m s á PA ee T E 53. Ar = b e - n ws "Huc í á ^ E 1 E 19 2 3d A E. Be 4 : > MIMETES Hartogii. hia: s l Scolymocephalos Africanus | ‘Tamuginosus . bumilis, (ahis in summo tridentatis, flore diluté purpureo,* carinulà albulä . Oldenlandi. Raj. Hist. 3. Dend. p.10. fide characteris et descriptionis. SE CEOS Mid wit BAR 50. Hari amer patie PORT MEET cucullatus. (Raj. Hist. 3. Dend. p. 10. n.10.). — a ee u eu stern de ee T5 € Mikes hirtus. HE a he eee -. Scolymocephalos A [fricanus, fhis breibrbs acuminatis, flori- bus rubentibus, sumei surculis foliis intermistis. RE. Hist. 3. Dend. p. 10. . | | VOL. X. *.26 je Aged — Besides 226 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. - Besides tlie Proteacez. described or noticed in this paper, I am acquainted with several very beautiful species, chiefly of Gre- villea and. Persoonia, discovered in New Holland by Mr. George Caley, a most assiduous and accurate botanist, who, under the patronage of Sir Josera Banks, has for upwards of eight years been engaged in examining the plants of New South Wales, and whose numerous discoveries will, it is hoped, be soon given to the _ publie, either by himself, or in such a manner as to obtain for him that reputation: among botanists to which he i is vane entitled. TABULARUM EXPLICATIO. T6... 13 Tas. II. Kwyicuria EXCELS A. 1. Flos expansus, parüm auctus. . "" 1 Be Idem longitudinaliter. apertus, MESA M naturali, 3. Ejusdem basis cum glandulis hypogynis.. | 4 .. 4. Pistillum. auctum, ovario longitudinaliter secto ord datar: 5. Ovulorum. insertiones et relativas positiones ostendens, 6. Ovulum pauld magis auctum. v? Pollen plurimüm auctum. — Tas. II. DRYANDRA FORMOSA. 1. Ramus magnitudine naturali. 2. Flos magnitudine naturali. 3. Idem auctus. | SUP. mu 3 4. Receptaculum commune magnitudine naturali et auctum. 5. Idem verticaliter sectum. = 6. Pales memos. h 7. Folliculus. 9. ©. EOD 8: Distpüneiitink cum. ein 9. Semina. - | 10. DAscpisientem. 11. Pollen ad lentem auctum, T" V. On («297 ): V. Ona remarkable T. ariety of Pedicularis Syloatica. | In a Letter ... to Alexander feste Esq. F.R.S. and Sec. L.S. By James Edward Smith, M. D ERS P.LS. Read February 7, 1809. _ weite u = rd $i # ct DEU E I wave lately been favoured by the Marquis of Stafford with a -specimen of a remarkable variety of the Pedicularis sylvatica, . gathered by his lordship last summer on his estate in Sutherland. It consists of a solitary flower of that-plant, which, instead of its proper ringent form, with two long and two short stamens, has a salver-shaped regular corolla, with six stamens, four of which are longer than the others. "There is also what appears to be the style partly changed to a petal, and yet bearing a membranous expansion like one side of an anther. I conceive therefore that this is really an attempt at a seventh stamen, though become partly a petal. There is however no other sign of a style. The Marquis sought in vain for another specimen; but it is re- markable that Mr. Hooker and Mr. Borrer found one resembling it in the same neighbourhood this very season. — This specimen is very interesting to me, as being another in- stance of the same kind of variety as I have noticed in Galeopsis Tetrahit at Matlock. See Fl. Lapponica, ed. 2. 201. I have also had in my own garden some regular salver-shaped flowers of _ Chelone 298 Dr. Smiru on a remarkable Variety of Pedicularis Sylvatic a. Chelone barbata on the very same branch with the proper ringent ones. Such accidents are frequent in various species of Antirrhi- num and Bignonia. They should be kept in mind by all students of systematical arrangement, as a warning not to expect that our artificial rules can keep pace with the intricacies of nature. I remain, &c. F E. SuiTH. Norwich, February 4, 1809. w VI. A Botanical Description and Napr "il History of the Malabar Cardamom. By Mr. David White, Surgeon on the Bombay Establishment. Communicated by the Ditectirs of the Hon. East India (company. With additional Remarks by William George Mato ps VPLS." 4c. Read November 15 amd December 6, 1808. Tue plant producing Cardamoms is a singular, if not unique, instance of one of the most valuable articles of modern luxury. being almost entirely indebted to the care of nature for its growth and perfection. Lofty hills, whose summits are ever clothed with clouds, a moist atmosphere, or copious rains for three-fourths of the year, and an exposure admitting but a limited proportionof the sun-beams, are the circumstances which, the natives tell us, and experience proves, are most favourable to its growth, and are the sole re- quisites for an abundant crop. Simple as the progress is which conducts it through various stages to maturity and a marketable state, the subject claims attention, and derives importance from the general estimation and extended use of the spice, asa grateful and salubrious accessary of diet: its use as such is so universal, that it is now in a manner regarded as a necessary of life by most of the inhabitants of Asia; and its general adoption by the ci- vilized nations of the other quarters of the world is prevented only by its limited importation. The possession of its trade has been NO. x. 2 nu | always 250 Mr. Wnurrz's Description and Natural History always an object of much competition ; and the best sources of it being now in possession of the English, accumulate fresh conside- rations for becoming better acquainted with its history. — When it is further premised, that the information here given is founded on documents ever judged most likely to attain the ob- ject of all useful investigation, namely, the testimony of intelli- gent natives on the spot, and actual inspection during a tem- porary residence undertaken for the purpose, the writer deems no further apology necessary for bringing forward the fruits of his observation. I. . BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. Monanpria. Monocyntas. Amomum CARDAMOMUM. Calyx double, each spathous and tubular. Outer and inferior arising from the proper pedicle, embracing the inner calyx to near its summit, split before, keeled and pointed behind, withering. Inner and superior funnel-form, lax, continuous with and rising from the top of the germen, ascending with 3 and reaching above the middle of the tube of the corolla. border 2- or 3-cleft, unequally finely scored, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, funnel-form. Tube ascending, cylindrical below, compressed a little upward, marked- with three su- perficial furrows, evanescent as they descend from the di- visions of the inner border. Border double, unequal. Inferior and outer reflected to the interior, membranous, 3-parted. Divisions oblong-linear, obtuse, with margins a little inflected, and ends turned up slipper-wise ; the middle or of the Malabar Cardamom. 231 or anterior one larger ; a double linear band running along the centre of each. Interior and upper border fleshy, four-parted, unequal. The posterior division large, ascending from a con- tracted base, expanding rhomboidally ; margin a little wavy, and obscurely three-lobed, centrally grooved half way up. The second, or what may be called the staminal division, half the length of the former, erect from the opposite side of the rim of the tube, linear nearly to half its height, then abruptly expanding in breadth and thickness to nearly double, lopped and tooth-like at the top, sloping inwardly into a shovel-like -. vaginal hollow, to receive the stigma and upper part of the style; a slight score bisecting it externally, and ending in an obsolete notch above. Third and fourth divisions ex- actly opposite to each other, and between the two former a pair of short, horizontal, horn-like processes slightly twisted, straitening the mouth of the tube and dividing it unequally. Stamen with no filament, two pair of parallel antherous lines. lying on the inner thickened part of the second division, _ contiguous below, but with their conical points free, and E | projecting into the mouth of the tube, diverging upwards to receive the expanded stigma and upper part of the style, their surface, and the space they inclose, heaped with glo- bules of farina soon bursting into the finest pollen. Pistillum shorter than the corolla, and of the length of the stamen. Germen a lopped oval, smooth. Two conical ans erect from one side of its top contiguous to each other, half sheathing the style. Style conical at its origin, then thread-like, lastly enlarging at 2n2 M the ir 232 Mr. Wurrx's Description and Natural History 2 the rim of the tube; passing which, it is received into the staminal sheath of the upper border. | Stigma obtusely triangular, a little excavated on the side of the tube, with the upper rounded edge prominent from the sheath. ao Pericarpium a fleshy, fibrous, smooth capsule, contracting when dry into a surface corrugated lengthwise, obtusely trigonal, . oblique a little; angles marked with a superficial score ; sides inwardly bisected. by aridge; three-celled, with three valves. Seeds many, nidulating by means of a fine muci- -+ laginous, splendid, silky membrane, and attached to the receptacle, or rachis, by an eight-toothed oblong fascia in .. each of its angles; the silky membrane. ofthe seeds forming _ filamentous pedicles for this purpose. Seeds from 18 to 21,. obtusely. wedge-shaped, a furrow on the plain side, convex, . on the other; surface scabrous, hard, horny. Flowers on lax panicled peduncles, issuing horizontally from the ~- — tuberous- ringed part of the stem, near the root; generally two from each flat side. Common. peduncle serpentine, jointed, or rather rimmed, tapering. Partial- peduncles lateral from the rings at acute angles, and diminishing in- tervals; every partial peduncle su pporting from two to four pedicled flowers, one or two of which abortive. - Length of the peduncle varies. from three and four inches to one and a half and two feet. | j Bractee oblong, acute, and spathous, accompanying and en- veloping the pedicles at their origin, withering. Colour. Lower division of the corolla green; upper spreading petal of the inner border with a pink ramification, pale white .on the outside and the rest of the border. 2 VERE ER of (he Malabar Cardamom. 7 7 233 Stems. Base tuberous, clubbed, ring’d rim-wise for two or three inches; the lower part giving out viviparous shoots, the upper part panicles.) Stems erect from the base, and slightly elliptical, tapering as the continuous sheaths send off the leaves ; when bearing, from six to twelve feet high, and from eightand twelve to thirty in number, quite smooth to the touch, finely scored to the eye, with varying shades of glossy green, pale at the base, which distinguishes this species from a congener da tni on. ithe: same sites but with a red or vfuscous bases Her 16: uie Ho^ bis y AE o ! Ite very long, in EEE, pine; IRRE) at Annan a little unequal, supported on long sheaths embracing closely half "the stem, elliptico-linear-spear-pointed, from nine inches to two feet and a half long, from one to five inches broad, upper side:waved- with narrow ridges and broad furrows acutely with the middle rib, smooth, dark-green, edges very entire, below pale sea-green, and glossy with a silky soft- ness, middle rib channelled above, keeled below. Petioles res - short, grooved with a small obtuse squamous Proc em- > | m bracing the stem above the sheath. — ^ PE. -Roots fibrous, thinly ramose, and with here and there a fibre | much longer and larger thin the rest running obliquely into = vun. | "There is no individual of. the Amomum: tribe that displays so much natural beauty as the Cardamomum. The glistening polish ‘of its stems, the sea-green glossy surface: of its leaves waving with the least'impulse, and the general symmetry of the whole, easily distinguish it from its rival neighbours in the woods. It outshines them also in the elegance of its flowers: ‘the: vivid ‚pink, surrounded by the pale white of the. spreading division | , of 254 Mr. Wurte’s Description and Natural History of the upper border of the corolla, presents a most delicate con- trast. ^" | tori The shortness of its roots may relate to some hidden properties of its organic ceconomy ; or these may be compensated by the greater proportion of the leaves, absorbing more copiously from the air, and thus contributing to tlie formation of that elaborate essence which we so much admire in the perfect spice. It may be expected that we should give some account of the name and the history of its comnierce. In Botany, the history and origin of names are so far useful, as they are immediately or remotely connected with the elucida- tion of the subject i in question, the indication of its virtues, or the nation who first introduced its use, and the channels, if an article of trade, through which it first flowed to civilized countries. In Malabar, ‘the native soil of its best species, it is simply named Ela, or Ela-tari and Ela-channa; the former addition signi- fying a young plant, the latter a full-grown one. The word channa includes also some congeners, one of which, Poián- channa, is so like the real Cardamom in appearance and foliage, as with difficulty to be distinguished by these marks only. The ripe pod is styled exclusively Ela-tari, ari in Malabar signifying any small grain: e.g. ari rice, mout-ari natcheny Or raggee. he ees Indiscriminately they also say Ela-kai, the last word being of general application to all kinds of perfect roots and seeds. In Sanskrit, the most common appellative is Ela. The synonyms are no fewer than 10, viz. Elum* Walakum, Mailayum, Songani, Hari Walakum, Waleyiegum, Moukana, Kouna, Kounara, Agni-jivala, * My authority tells me that Elum is the casus rectus or nominative here, and that it becomes varied into Ela in the oblique inflections, or when annexed to other words ; which; govern it. Thesame grammatical variation is also observed in the Malabárlanguage. Moudriwadine. of the Malabar Cardamom. — 235 Moudriwadine. These are taken from idioms of the Amarsinha ; but there is reason for supposing that all of them, except the first, are merely epithets, either allusive to its qualities and vir- tues, or suggested by that wild and extravagant fancy which characterizes the genius of Indian fabulists and poets. As Ela signifies leaf in both Janguages, I have no doubt but the assem- blage of leaves, forming the most obvious and striking ap- pearance of the plant, suggested to the first rude observers the natural and appropriate term. In the other parts of India, they give it names, all more. or less similar to the indigenous. The Hindu is Hil-Il, or llachi; the Kanarese, Ela-Ki. These termi- - nations are no doubt deduced from the Kai above mentioned, as the first syllable is from that of Ela. ^ Of the name Kordanouo given to it by the Greeks, and Car- damomum by the Romans, neither I, nor those whom I consulted, can find any traces in the dialects of Hindostan. 1 am therefore inclined to conclude that the spice itself was not introduced. among them, till at a late period of their history, and by some very circuitous or irregular channels, which left them to. their own ingenuity to adapt a significant epithet: for this they had. recourse to analogy. In their own language the Greeks had the word Kagdapnor to signify cresses, a production. that ap- proached to the nature of a spice, as near as to form the founda- tion of a comparison. When they added to this a word of su- perlative emphasis—apayor, (literally signifying perfect or fault- Jess) they may have conceived that they attained a tolerably clear idea of their new-imported luxury.—Kakele, both in Arabic and Persian, is, without doubt, connected with the indigenous Ela, or perhaps a compound of it.. In the medical practice of Europe, the use of Garcia is too a #0 enable us to form a sufficient. estimate of their T stimulant 236 Mr. Wuıte’s Description and Natural History stimulant power. "They are seldom given alone, and their com- bination with other stimulants must render their effects uncer- - tain. It is not unlikely that the high degree of acrimony ascribed to them by the natives may be comparative only. to their own bland constitutions, the more susceptible of stimulus from. Wes | simple diet, and moderate and uniform habits of living. It would-be an object, of considerable curiosity, if not some instruction, to trace the gradual introduction of Cardamorms into Europe, and their general adoption ‚as a luxury, or use as a me- dicine.:: We have reason to think that, they were little, if at all, known before the time of Augustus ; and the silence of the Bible relative to them, proves that both the spice and its virtues were alike unknown to the Jews, and. probably, their neighbouring nations. » This singular fate of a valuable. Juxury, and. the cir- cumstances connected with it, deserve further investigation. I need scarcely refer to the description of Rumphius, as it is so very imperfect in detail respecting both the botanical and the natural history of the plant; but he. disarms criticism and all . attempt at censure, by his usual candour in confessing that . it was taken from an exotic, which. did not produce a per- fect fructification, and of which the species is evidently di f ferent from that of Malabar,, and is most likely the Grana Paradisi... He talks of the roots being tuberous and having the flavour of the spice, whereas the subject of the present sketch is without these marks, the taste of the radical fibres. being nearly insipid, and though the leaves, on being. chewed, leave behind them on the throat and palate an acrimonious sensa- tion, no aroma analogous. to that of the spice is discernible. The accuracy of his information may also be suspected, when he states that Cardamom i is a name common all over Upper ] Hin- dostan. He may have been misled by. Armenian mefch nts, who had of the Malabar Cardamom. 237 had borrowed the appellation from the Greeks in the early period of its commerce; in which, most probably, they either directly or indirectly largely participated. II. THE CARDAMOM FARMS. The spots chosen for these, called in the Malabar language Ela-Kandy, literally signifying Cardamom plots, are either level or gently sloping surfaces, on the highest range of the Ghaüts after passing the first declivity from their base. The extent of climate hitherto known in Malabar to produce them lies betwixt 11° and 12° 30' N. Lat. or thereabouts. Steep places and the very summits of the hills would, the na- tives acknowledge, be also productive,—but with such an accu- mulation of labour, and in a quantity so stinted, as not to repay the additional pains: but here we must take into account theit blind attachment to beaten tracks of cultivating, and their ob- — stinate aversion to all attempts at improvement. | | The months of February and March are, on account of the prevailing dry weather, selected as the most proper for com- | mencing their labours; the first part of which consists in cutting down the large and small trees promiscueusly, leaving, of the former, standing at nearly equal distances, certain tall and stately individuals, adapted to that degree of perpendicular shade which experience teaches them to be most favourable for the future crops. They affirm, and with some reason, that no little exactness is required in hitting this prolific medium ; for, as too much sun burns up, so does excessive shade alike disappoint the hopes of harvest. The grass and weeds are then cleared away, and the ground disencumbered from the roots of the brushwood ; VoL. x. si the ~ 238 Mr. Wurrte’s Description and Natural History the large trees lie where they fall; the shrubs, roots, and grass are piled up in different small heaps, and their spontaneous and .gradual decomposition fertilizes the space they cover *. They mention it as an infallible sign of future fertility, if the large trees, on falling, cause a trembling of the adjacent soil or mountain, as their phrase is; though it is not very probable that they ever reject a spot once chosen and begun upon, from the absence of this equivocal and perhaps imaginary symptom. Yet, if it really does take place, a rationale may be applied to explain it; for, as the soil of those woods is a very fine mould, soft and rare in proportion to its volume, so, where thin, and superficially intercepted by rocky or gravelly strata, it is not likely that it will be much affected by the gravity of the fall. On the contrary, if of great depth, the shock will be readily felt, and the com- niotion communicated through the spongy mass, connected as it is by a close intertexture of roots and fibres, and thus exciting in the sanguine and simple fancy of those children of nature an eine to an earthquake. E The size of the Ela-Kandy is various ; sometimes from TENN dt others, determined by the nature and extent of the surface or slope. The largest I saw among fifty did not exceed 60 yards in one diameter, and 40 in the other. Their form varies likewise, very commonly oblong or oval, sometimes a contour irregularly - rounded. The variety in these respects is chiefly owing to the convenience of the standard or permanent trees for shade. Those with lofty strait stems, extensive heads, and that are in an adolescent state, and known to be long-lived, are preferred for this — and left nn at 15 or 20 yards from s * Mr. Pennant bas therefore been led into an error in saying that ashes procured by ones on the spot are used as manure,—Vide Pennant’s India, vol. i. - | other. of the Malabar Cardamom. | 239 other. Much more diminutive plots are also cultivated by a race of Hill People called Kourchara and Cadera, who are not exactly slaves, but locally attached, and acknowledging certain obliga- tions of a feudal and perhaps reciprocal kind to the Nairs in the neighbourhood. ‘They are, of course, permitted to reap the pro- duce of their separate industry, without the participation of these superiors. After the operations now described, no further labour is be- stowed for four years. At the revolution of the fourth rainy sea- son, and towards its close, they look for a crop, and their hopes are rarely disappointed: this first effort of nature is generally scanty ; for instance, only one-half of what is reaped the follow- ing year, and only one-fourth of what is yielded after the sixth rains, at which period the plant has reached its acme of prolific vigour. Now and then, however, this routine is interrupted, and its progress protracted, by causes of which they are not very solicitous to investigate the nature: they remark, however, ex- cessive and uninterrupted rains to be one source of failure. In the dry season succeeding to the first crop, they grub up. the undergrowth of shrubs, and clear away the weeds and grass, laying them up, as before, in heaps to rot; for in no casedo they | set fire to these, the consequence of which practice would be the certain failure of the crops. ‘This agrees with the most approved ideas of agriculture even in Europe, where the most substantial and copious manures are produced from the mouldering piles of weeds, and vegetable offals of every description. 'This process of cleaning being yearly repeated, the same spot will continue productive for 50 years and upwards. My in- formers would not specify any term or number ; they said that it exceeded their habits of computation, and the memory of any one generation's Another opinion similarly founded is, that the 212 | exhausted 240 Mr. Wuıne’s Description and Natural History: exhausted Ela-Kandy will require an equal period of ycars be-- fore it recovers by rest its ancient vigour. Both limits are so far- explicable on natural principles, and appear to. be regulated by the exhausting and accumulating exeitabilities inherent in the soil, and operated upon by a continuance of the same crop. The successive decay and fall of the large standard. trees, de- stroying one of the most essential conditions of the prosperity of the plantation, is another and evident circumstance determining. the period of its duration. The reproduction of the same trees, to a size capable of shel- tering the young plants, will give the least measure for the qui- escent state of the ground, and this.cannot be less than twenty or thirty years, considering their average growth. The barren state of one Ela-Kandy is immediately replaced by the establishment of another on. a. fresh side, and with similar properties to the former; in the choice of which they can never be at a loss, from the great extent of mountain and wood in a state of nature; and, the same operations repeated, the customary routine of crops will follow. As the Cardamom plants spring up from scattered’ seeds dor- mant on the spot, or washed thither by rains from the adjacent parts, we do not find any regularity in their disposition, nor is the industry of the natives ever exerted to.correct this. Accord- ingly we see them variously grouped ; in- some places crowded and extremely luxuriant, in others thin and stunted 3 some roots sending forth from twenty to thirty. stems, two-thirds or three- fourths of which bear ; others from eight to twelve, and down to four or five. Hence it is difficult to-calculate the rate of produce in any one plant. Each stem sends forth from its thickened base from two to four strings or fructiferous. panicles ; from these issue alternately short clusters bearing from two to three ripe pods. Ä The. of the Malabar Cardamom. 241 The length ef the common string or stalk varies from four inches to eighteen, and is sometimes two feet; but these last ex- - tremes are not fertile in proportion. In. good years, from four to six plants will yield of dried pods one dungally, a measure of ca- pacity equal to four pints. Winchester. - epis The number of plants in an Ela-Kandy they never think of reckoning. It struck me, on traversing them repeatedly; that the largest plots might contain from twelve to fifteen hundred.. The abundance of crop, from every inquiry I could make, is best ensured by a moderate routine of weather, with respect to dry and wet: the extremes of each are injurious : they dread most; however, deluging rains, particularly for the young planta- tions, and during the flowering season, which commences on the first fall of the rains in April and May, and continues for two months. The flower being very delicate; and the recumbent and repent posture of the fruit-panicles, exposes them particularly. to the bad efféets of drenching moisture. Repeated torrents, de- scending from above, commit their devastation by baring the roots, and sweeping away the finest portion of the mould, which furnishes a nutriment so essential to the vigour of the plants. What tends to- confirm this statement is, that the natives remark à very general contrast betwixt the Cardamom.and: Pepper crops. T'he seasons favourable to the great produce of the latter are found to be adverse to the former, and vice versd. Now it is well known, that, in the early part of the season, the rains cannot be too copious for the Pepper vine. In August and September, the pods increase and acquire the greatest size. In the first half of October, they begin to ripen; then the gathering of the earlier part commences; the reaping proceeds through all that month and November. A longer than usual continuance of the rainy sea- son may protraet the final gathering till the middle of December. Gor About 242 Mr. WurrE's Description and Natural History About a fortnight earlier than here stated, the Cardamoms on the western or sea-side of the Ghaüts are gathered ; and to this they give the name of the Kann? crop, or that of the month an- swering to the period from the middle of September till the 15th of October: the other above the Ghaüts they style the Wretcha- gau, from the month answering in like manner to our November — December. T 1 nl | The prior maturity of. the — is ascribed, and not without reason, to the milder temperature of the ocean cherishing the western exposure, while this gives them the full effect of the sun’s beams till he sets. It is also found that, during the rainy monsoon, the intervals of fair weather are more frequent than above the Ghaáts ; all which circumstances create an equability of climate favourable to the earlier production of the spice. The process of reaping keeps pace with the simplicity of the previous management. A dry day being chosen, the fruit-stalks are plucked from the roots, carried to their houses, and laid out to dry on mats placed upon a thrashing-floor: a series of four or five dry days is sufficient to complete the desiccation. The pods being ex- tricated, by stripping with the fingers, are separated into three or four sorts, denominated from their respective qualities: 1. Talli- Kai, the head fruit; 2. Nadu-Kai, the middle; and 3. Poulo- Kai, the abortive fruit. The last being thrown away, the two former are mixed together; the purpose of the separation being to ascertain the relative proportions, and to render the whole uniform and marketable. They are then laid up in mat- bags made of the Pandanus sylvestris of Rumphius, a plant growing every where around their houses and fields. These bags are of two sizes, one holding 32 pounds avoirdupois, or a Com- pany's maund in Malabar, ^" the other 16 pounds. ua "phe bundles thus prepared by the galtirator are Mec pra carried | of the Malabar Cardamom. AME 245 carried down to shops, or little storehouses, erected by Mopla merchants, or agents, in different places along the whole range of hills, and at a little distance from the farms. Here they are sub- jected to another and final operation by the venders to the whole- sale merchants on the coast. ‘This consists in holding them over a gentle and slow fire in flat baskets, while the assistants con- tinue rubbing them betwixt their hands for a certain time; which has the effect of detaching what remains of the permanent calyx and foot-stalks, or other adhering membranes, and gives the pod that appearance and marketable quality delineated in Tas. V. figs. 14 and 15. This operation is termed in Malabar Terimbous, a word expressive of its nature. The Cardamoms are now weighed for the purpose of ascertaining the respective quotas of rent payable by the different farmers. The result of this is expect- ed to correspond with a previous estimation of the quantity of the. crops, taken on the ground before they arrive at maturity ; on the approach of which, an official deputation, consisting of public officers and some of the head men of the country well acquainted with the subject, repairs to the Ela-Kandys, attended by the proprietors, and there makes the calculation from the combined. consideration of the extent of ground, age of the plantation, and general appearance of the fruit-stalks then in full bearing. Four or five of the visitors, whose interests are supposed to be neutral, and equally unbiassed betwixt Government and the Ryot, successively and seriously deliver their opinions; from the average of which the official attendants strike a mean, and mutual satisfaction is generally the consequence. This previous. step is designed to serve as a comparative check to the measuring after the final drying of the pods, when they are expected to bear the ak prer. of one-fifth to the quantity of the green as before . estimated. 244, Mr. Wurrz's Description and Natural History estimated. This proportion is judged to be most favourable to the proprietors, as actual experiments prove it at least to be as 25 to 100; but Government is thus moderate, to encourage the honesty ‘of the farmers, and to remove all inducement to its clandestine exportation. The duties, or customs, are paid only on exportation from the province by sea or land: they amount to twelve per cent., and the average price is s rated at 1200 rupees per candy of 640 pounds avoirdupois: - The total produce of Wynaüd may amount, one year with. another, to something above fifty candies, perhaps fifty-six 5 and this grows on an extent of more than 100 miles, reckoning the sinuosities and angles of the hills. The kingdom or country of the Coorja Rajah produces less by ten or fifteen candies. ‘The whole site of the growth of this spice on the continent of Hin- dostan extends from the Soubramany Ghaüt, nearly due east from Mangalore, to Mannaar Ghaát i in the same > direction from Calicut. | ; If nature be propitious to the progress of this: valuable pro- duction from youth to maturity, she has been no less kind in providing for this last stage, in refusing to the generality of the inmates of the forest any appetite for the fruit. The natives mention only a few of the smaller animals whose depredations are felt, viz. two kinds of squirrels, a large and small species, and the field rats; but as they did not dwell much on the damage thence accruing, it is to be presuined that it cannot amount to much. 'The evils attendant on the reaping to the Kourch-ara, Pani- ara, &c., who perform the labour, are much more serious. The sting of the green whip-snake, abounding in those situations, is instantly fatal, no antidote having yet been found to ara its poison. : cde F avila of the Malabar Cardamom. 245 Fevers and fluxes commit ravages much more extensive.—The season of reaping coincides with that when the insalubrity of the air happens to be atits highest pitch: the great heats of October, succeeding to the equinoctial rains, operating upon a drenched soil, and exhaling’ vapours from a profusion of luxu- riant undergrowth, must aceuun biti a mass of miasmata which becomes more. intensely noxious by stagnation, a circumstance of itself well known to have a tendency to corrupt or alter the healthy proportions of the respirable fluid, and thus lay a sure foundation for the diseases mentioned. A more directly painful calamity i is never escaped, —that is, numerous bites of leeches (a small species of Hirudo geometra) whose numbers are infinite, and attacks incessant. Their size varies from two to six lines. "Their minuteness and gentle mode of suction seldom engage at- tention or excite precaution ; but, tepe! to the ancient definition, * mon missura cutem, nisi plena cruoris, they only fall off when. glutted with blood, the copious flow of which at length indicates the authors. ‘The simple consequence of these would be otherwise little felt, were it not for the abundance of a small shrubby plant, v whose leaves are so acrid, or rather caustic, as to inflame by simple contact the sound skin for more than a day, as I ex- perienced in. myself ; and if they touch.a. wound made by the leeches, the inflammation is sure to increase ; and most fre- quently , extended ulcerations, phagedenic . in their progress and ‚fatal in. ‚their. termination, . ‘succeed, the symptomatic fever excited. running s0: high as to carry off the patient, who con- ceives himself happy if he escape with only a contraction of the: member or muscles thus affected. ‘The name of the plant in question is Mouricha, denoting i in Malabar its cutting or.acri- monious quality.’ It is from eight to twelve feet high, with large leaves acutely oval and subserrated ; trunk from two. to three VOL. X. 2 K . inches 246 Mr. Wurre’s Description and Natural History inches. in diameter. The absence of flowers prevented its genus being ascertained. Though the natives of both Wynáad and Coorga affirm that the situations at present, and from time immemorial, producing Cardamoms, are the only places where they will thrive; yet, as they assign no reason for this, nor mention any experiments having been made to prove the fact, we have every right to doubt their testimony, and refer their opinion to those habits of indolence and local prejudice, which characterize the peasantry in most countries, and which beget in them a stupid aversion from all schemes of innovation and improvement. This sceptical suggestion receives great strength, if not confirmation, from a series of facts which have come under Dr, own observation. The following is their history : In October 1802, when the Felei Bike: out E in Wynâad, I accompanied the first force sent to quell it. We for- tified different points at the top of the Ghaüts, some in the neighbourhood of Cardamom ground, others where no farms had ever been established or thought of. Of this last descrip- tion was a post at the top of Cottiour Ghaüt. Besides clearing away the grounds adjacent, a great many broad alleys, Feci from the redoubt in various directions through thick and. lofty trees, down and around the hills to Darallour, (another stockade two miles further: inland,) were cut and cleared from grass and underwood by the pioneers. All these places I had the good for- tune to revisit the first ten. days of this month (October 1806), and was much gratified and interested by finding great abun- dance of the Cardamom plant growing luxuriantly, and bearing in a proportion equal to what I immediately afterwards observed at the Peria Ghaüt. No further labour had been bestowed on them after our departure ; a I = the retine: of shade and ex- © posure, Linn. Trans Tol X. Tab. Ip of the Malabar Cardamom. 247 jd posure, from the largest trees being left standing here and iere; had produced the same effects as elsewhere. In the. very middle of the stockade, and on the site of the barracks, l had the curiosity to reckon the assemblage of stems on two plants, one of which sent forth twent: six and the other thirty-two, both fertile in the usual proportioi . I found likewise that high sum- mits and steep declivities were. alike favourable to the prosperity of the plants; for the stockade itself was built on the declivity of a high range, and the alleys mbàtipned led in osariona: itd: ang | down the steepest slopes. — Py PTS. _ All this ought to convince us, that. pica at dinipusy i in- stituted, and properly prosecuted, are alone wanting to extend the Cardamom farms over a much larger space ; and that more- over, by the knowledge acquired in the course of this expe- rience, we should most probably attain to some. ‚essential Ze, picket in an modes of cultivation: at pees adopted. . A Cardo plant about three apna size. 7 je a tr ri which was 12 feet: base rer habit, pro- portion, 248 Mr. Wurte’s "Description and Natural History portion, and colour. a,a,a, the tuberous ringed part im- mediately above ground, with) the curved: shits) b, b, b, b, germinating, the common peduncle with its pedicles and partial frugiferous pedicels. ` : Fig. 2. The partial panicle with its germs acd flower viewed. in front. a,a, the double calyx. b,b, the spathous bracts. 6,6;C6, the three divisions of the outer and lower border of the corolla, the middle largest, and their extremities turned up slipperwise. d, the second or staminiferous division: at the base of this the hornlets seem to project from the mouth of the tube horizontally. e, the expanded rhomboidal division. of the upper border, with its pinky ramification. . Fig. 3. The back view of the corolla.: 5, the- "germen. | csc, the projecting pair of Rom i.e. 3d -— Ath kidney of the upper border. : Fig. 4. The tube only of the corolla, with thei inner bays: eios and stamen bearing division of the upper border. a,b, show the two pair of antherous lines in situ, and the sheath above for the stigma c, this last being turned to one side. | Fig. 5. The same without the calyx. The second division and hornlets a little magnified. "Phe anthers 05 th: raised up: Tue = . deflected, to show the sheath more fully. . :6 i Fig. 6. The second division a, of the upper : "border; ioi, showing the upper part of the style stigma and anthers in situ, lying on its inner surface, and the style ascending through the orifice b of the tate straitened bs: th icc basis. of | the hornlets. 2 i Fig. 7. 8. The naked pistilla, one with the sensed appendices | aalittle separated, the ot her with the same in igitur Fig. 9. A half-grown germ d and its 3-dentate border l Linn. Trans. Vol X. Tab. 5 p. 248 of the Malabar Cardamom. 249 Fig. 10. The naked pistillum a little magnified, showing the conical base of the style a, thickening again at b, and the expanded stigma. Fig. 11. Longitudinal and transverse sections of the full-grown pericarpium, as it is.taken from the plant, and before drying. Fig..12. Two seeds a little magnified, a e convex videi b the flat grooved one.. Fig. 13. The bare capsule, one side removed to show the trian- - gular rachis or seed-receptacle, with one of the eight-toothed — belts or fascie lining one of its angles—viewed in front. Fig..14.. 15. The Cardamom. pod, as it.comes to market from the drying processes.. Additional Remarks by. William. George Maton, M. D. V.P.L.S.. | "9 AR ras | IF the author of‘ thie’ ‘foregoing valuable communication had been conversant with Mr. Roscoe's arrangement of the Scitaminee (in the 8th- volume of‘ The Linnean Transactions), it is most pro-. bable that he weuld not have referred the plant producing the Malabar Cardamom to the genus 4momum, notwithstanding it lias hitherto been. kate ecd 3-9 m by most: other: botanical writtts. ro ' The filament, or antheriferous ipea of Amomum (according es Mr. Roscoe) extends beyond the anthera, and terminates in three lobes ; whereas, in- the- ‚plant so fully: ‘described and minutely: figured by Mr: White; the anthera is of equal length with the: juinent; and’ appears: to be somewhat-emarginated, the notch receiving the obtusely triangular stigma. Neither can this plant be: . considered. 250 Dr. Maron's additional Remarks considered as an Alpinia, or an Hellenia, without great violence to its natural characters, for the inflorescence issues horizontally from the tuberous, annulated part of the stem, near the root: but in the genera just mentioned it is terminal, from the extre- mities of the leafy shoots,—a difference (as Mr. Roscoe also remarks, in a letter with which he has favoured me on this sub- ject) too great to be made a mere specific distinction; and I cannot help suspecting that the fruit, likewise, will be found to be different, though my opportunities of investigation have not been sufficient ta warrant my being confident on this point. From Phalydrum there is a sufficient distinction in the absence of the woolly appendage at the base of the tube, and from Hedychium in the anthera not being placed marginally on the - filament. According to Mr. Roscoe, all the Renealmie (except .R. exaltata perhaps) are reducible to the genus A lpinia, their in- florescence being terminal ; and the description of R. exaltata, as given in the Supplementum Plantarum, cuts off that plant from a generic alliance with the Cardamom, the fruit of the former being a cylindrical bacca, containing seeds perfectly smooth. E SET | | . Hence it seems necessary to place the Cardamom under a new genus, to which I propose to affix the name of Evetrarta, from Elettari, the original Malabar appellation, as given in the Hortus Malabaricus. I cannot help considering it as premature to attempt to draw its botanical characters in a regular manner, until opportunities are afforded of. comparing this plant, in the different stages of fructification, with its congeners, particu- larly Amomum and Alpinia, of which perfect: specimens in a living state ought to be carefully investigated, before any discri- minations can be satisfactorily established. In the mean time, it may be of some importance to collate the figures and descrip- tions on the Malabar Cardamom, 251 tions given by various authors, and to extricate from the unac- countable confusion, in which the botanical history of the Mala- bar Cardamom has been involved, such synonyms as ought to: accompany it in its future station in the Species Plantarum. What the Cardamom of the ancients was, it is now scarcely possible, I think, to determine, so imperfect are the notices of it which they have left bebind them. There is good reason to: suppose however, that the article bearing that name in their Materia Medica, was not the common Cardamom of our shops. Both Clusius and John Bauhin appear to have been convinced: of this, and to neither of these early authors, nor indeed to: Caspar Bauhin, are we to ascribe any of the inaccuracies that have found their way into later descriptions of this celebrated. aromatic; but the plant producing it was not satisfactorily made: known; until the publication of the Hortus Malabaricus, in which. the delineation of it is so striking that we cannot but wonder at. | all. perplexity, as to its prominent characters, not having been. then precluded. Yet Burmann, though he had probably seen a. specimen of the true Cardamom in Hermann’s herbarium, and. though he expressly asserts that the Ensal of the last-mentioned author agrees with Van Rheede’s figures of the Elettari, and with Clusius's description and figure of ** Cardamomum minus vulgare," (lib. I7 Aromat. c. 24.) makes a reference to. Bontius’s Java (p. 126) for the same species. Bontius, it is true, places by the side of his plant the capsule of the Malabar Cardamom, but, - the plant itself is represented with a simple, compact spike, and seems to be no other than Amomum compactum, (of Solander's. MS om the- Cardamom. "d aes In justice to Burmann,. * Soames id a gems of Qnem species = aem pem on ihe spot, when Sir Joseph Banks was in the island of Java,) I have had Opportunies e of ‚ezanuning| in the Banksian library. - a OWEVET, 252 Dr. Maton’s additional Remarks however, I ought to mention, that Commelin was guilty of the same error before him, referring to Bontius’s Cardamomum minus as being the same as Van Rheede’s, in his Horti Malabarici Cata- logus, p. 18. ; ~ From the mistake made by Burmann appear to have originated the erroneous description and discordant references given, on the subject of the Cardamom, in the works of Linnzus, and which have:partly descended to some of his editors. If, in writing his Flora Zeylanica, Linnæus had found a specimen of the Ensal in Hermann's herbarium, or if he had consulted the figures of Van Rheede, the errors, which: commenced with that Flora, could not, I think, have existed. That there was not a specimen of the Ensal in the herbarium of Hermann, I have ac- tually ascertained, having examined that collection on purpose ; and that Linnzus had not an opportunity of verifying. Bur- mann's references, by consulting the Hortus Malabaricus at the same time with the other works quoted by that author, is ren- dered highly probable, on account of his not having been: pos- sessed of the work, for which he was obliged to send to the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm (as I am informed by Mr. Dryander) whenever the use of it was indispensable to: him. Neither had he any specimen of the true Cardamom in his own herbarium, that which he seems to have considered af such having a compact spike, though it is labelled as being * from Su- rat,” whence he could not have received it until some time after the publication of his Flora Zeylanica, and Materia Medica ; for he had no correspondent (I imagine) i in that part of: India, prior to his pupil Toren’s voyage, in 1750. Toren mentions having been at Surat; but it is wonderful enough that he does not enter upon any description of so remarkable a plant as the Cardamom, which he aw would have dioc; had he seen it growing; sand on the Malabar Cardamom. 253 and, as we find that he sailed immediately afterwards to Java, it is not an unreasonable conjecture, that he may have sent home Bontius’s plant from that island, and that the specimen, through some hurry either of the collector himself, or of his master, when it arrived. in Sweden, may have been wrongly noted as being from India. Be this as it may, it is clear that Linnzus has confounded the Javanese Cardamom with that of Malabar, having quoted both Bontius and Van Rheede as sy- nonyms, and not only tab. 4 and 5 (vol. 11.) of the latter, but also tab. 6, which confirms the supposition of his having copied Burmann's reference upon trust at that time, for Durmann had been guilty of the same error.“ We find Linnzus adding to all this inaccuracy, by quoting also Barrclier, 1596, tab. 571, which plate is obviously copied from the figure entitled ** Amomo legi- timo degli antichi," and prefixed to Marogna's commentary on the subject, accompanying Pona's * Monte Baldo descritto." 'The pharmaceutical synonym (subjoined to the others) of ** Car- damomum minus" precludes all doubt of his intending to point out the plant which produces the common Cardamom of our shops. The Flora Zeylanica, however, is known to have been written in haste, and its author discovered some of the mistakes into which he had been led, before he published his Species Plantarum, because he there discards many of his former re- ferences, but amongst these, unfortunately, tab. 4 and 5 of the Hortus Malabaricus, retaining only tab. 6. "This last-mentioned error is unaccountable, for the very same plate is referred to by him for Amomum Granum Paradisi (with which it will probably be found to agree very well); and it is curious to observe that this gross inaccuracy exists also in his editor Reichard. To com- _ plete the confusion of our illustrious author in regard to the Cardamom, in his second edition of the Species Plantarum he Y OL. X. 2L not 254 Dr. Maton’s additional Remarks not only retains the erroneous reference to Van Rheede's tab. 6, but adduces also, as a synonym, ** Cardamomum minus, Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 152. t. 65. f. 1," than which nothing can worse cor- respond with the Cardamom of Malabar. » Moreover, he changes his description, (which, in the first instance, was at least ambi- guous, and stamps the species with the character of * scapo simplicissimo, brevissimo," which is contradicted by his very re- ference to Van Rheede! Some: of this confusion has been re- moved by the laborious Willdenow, who; very properly; separates the references to Linnzus's Flora Zeylanica, Van Rheede's tab. 4 and 5, and Hermann's Museum: Zeylanicum 66, from the charac- ters in the 2d edition of the Species Plantarum and from the Cardamonium minus of - Rumphius; -placing the former set of synonyms under Sonnerat’s name of Amomum repens, and the latter under the original name of A; Carddmomum. But, as I have before remarked, the Malabar Cardamom cannot. now, consistently with the new arrangement of Mr. Roscoe, be con- sidered as belonging to that genus ;- and (with all due respect for the high authority of the Berlin editor) I cannot consider it proper to attach the original trivial name of Cardumomum to the plant not producing the article bearing this appellation in the shops, and which plant will probably prove to be no other than the Amomum compactum of Solander. These observations apply also to the 4. Cardamomum of Mr. Roscoe. | The following is the result of my endeavours to ascertain. the true em o£ ELETTARIA CERE UM. Curdicuditials minus. Clusii de Aromat. lib. 1. c. 24. p. 187. AMatthiól: sur Diosc. f — ms = Bänder Annot: in WR | p. 1014. fig. | not "Cu bene on the Malabar Cardamom. 955 Cardamomum cum siliquis sive thecis brevibus. J. Bauhini Hist. Plant. tom. 2. lib. 15. p. 205. ~Cardamomum simpliciter in officinis dictum. Cardamomum verum, Angl C. Bauhini Pinar, p. 414. Flettari. Van Rheede Hort. Malab. vol. 11. p. 9. t. 4. 5. Cardamomum Ensal dictum. | Burmanni Thes. Zeyl. p. 54. ` Cardamomum minus officinarum. Dale Pharm. p. 276. Geof- froy Mat. Med. p. 368. Linn. Mat. Med. p. 2. * Amomum repens. Sonnerat Voy, tom. 2. p. 240. pl.136. Ros- wi in Act. Soc. Linn. 8. p. 353. — iere — o 323107 4. BE DI © # In Schreber’s edition of this work, the characters of the Malabar Cardamom are (erroneously) taken from the 2d edition of the Species Plantarum, with references to the discordant figures of Van Rheede and Rumphius. > ka ik 1 $131 +4 £ 2 & A3 £ $ à Ej g x - i. Sa dini Zu Ju ib ids oY RETH + £i Hb ia Oe Dat gai REIT Pica ie : i er #7 * LE oy i + gt Ft; Y TATS 2A < LOC = url >? gta pr» à d 4,7 LIA E ah Zizi tess 433 Br , iiij; tL ELA fi wow Ja rrty Ban ` GM moo MH 1498 942 Vil. Some ( 256.) ri VII. Some Account of je Herbarium of Professor Pallas. By Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., F.R.S. and A.S., V.P.L.S. Read December 20, 1808, and "March 21, 1809. Tur Herbarium of the celebrated Professor Pallas has latel y come into my hands, . It was brought to this country from Russia by the well. known travellers Dr. Clarke and Mr. Cri pps, who pur- . chased it of him while on:a visit at his house in the Crimea, and afterwards, in May 1808, sold it by auction in London. It contains some thousands of specimens in very fine preserva- tion, especially those which belong to the Russian empire, col- lected in his various journeys undertaken to investigate and publish the Natural History of that extensive country. The plants are the best prepared of any I have ever seen, except a collection a few years ago from Cayenne, taken from the F rench, who excel so much in their manner of preparing their collections of Natural History in the countries they explore; and who have of late y ears brought home so many valuable ones from New-Hol- land, and from countries within the tropics. It also contains many hundreds of specimens given to Pallas by various celebrated botanists. George Forster, who accom- panied his father with Captain Cook in his second voyage round the world, and who afterwards was engaged by the Empress Catherine to join in a similar expedition, which never took effect, sent . Mr. LamBert’s Account of the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 257 sent to Pallas fine specimens of all the plants gathered during his voyage with Cook. I find several species here not in his own Herbarium, which I purchased some years ago from his father- in-law Professor Heyne. All the plants collected in Billing's expedition, by Dr. Merke, the naturalist employed in that voyage, and others, appear to be here; but I have not been able to find among them a celebrated plant mentioned by Sauer in his account of that expedition, and called there Zemlenoi Laudon, or frankincense of the earth, (see page 28,) unless it be Cachrys odontalgica. Sir Joseph Danks sent Pallas a fine collection of specimens, which were collected by him and Dr. Solander in their celebrated voyage with Captain Cook. There are also a great number of species from Professor Thunberg, and Grecian plants from the late much lamented Dr. Sibthorp. Among these is the true Hellebore of the ancients, found by him on mount Olympus, the Helleborus officinalis of Dr. Smith's Pro- . dromus Flore Grece. 1 find also many plants of the Flora Au- striaca from Jacquin, and several of Forskahl’s, communicated by Vahl. Cavanilles appears to have sent to Pallas many plants from Spain. Here is also a curious collection from Persia, made chiefly in the neighbourhood of Gilan by Gmelin; and in it I ob- serve the Ferula assafatida, but without fructification. There are many specimens of Russian plants from Gmelin, Georgi, and others, all named and numbered according to their works, and having synonyms of the older authors prefixed : also from Steller, with names and numbers from his unpublished Flora Ochotensis and other MS. works mentioned by Pallas in the prefate to his Flora Rossica. — — s Pallas's iliius of bis: own collecting are very rich in uiis cates; of some there are as many as fifteen or twenty, in every state he could find them both in flower and fruit; and whenever Pr he 368 iin . Mr. LAMBERT’s Account of he discovered the same species altered by soil or situation, heseems never to have neglected preservingit. Every specimen is named in his own hand-writing, and the habitats noted, sometimes with ob- servations: as for instance, with respect to his Phlomis Herba-venti, of which Willdenow makes a new species Ph. pungens, he observes that a decoction of this plantis used by the Russians as one of the best means of hardening steel. In this Herbarium I find the greatest part of the plants figured in the Flora Sibirica of Gmelin ; several very good specimens of that fine plant Campanula punc- tata; and those figured in Amman's Stirp. Rarior. with Cypripe- dium guttatum, which our President informed me he had never been able to find in any other collection. The plants of Flora Ros- sica, and those of Pallas's Travels; all his 4stragali and Salsole, and all the plants collected in his last tour in the Crimea are here, besides a great number of new species not noticed in any of the above-mentioned works, and which no doubt he intended to have published in the continuation’ of that splendid work the Flora Rossica, of which plates bave been already engraved sufficient, as I understand from Dr. Clarke, to make another volume; and which, I hope, will soon. make its appearance, as it only waits for some bookseller to undertake it: some of these plates are already cited by Professor Georgi in his Beschr 'eibung des Russischen Reichs. 1 find Pallas, in the MS. to some of his specimens, has changed their names from those published in some of the volumes of the Petersburgh 'l'ransactions, and in his own Travels, but for what reason I know not... He calls Phlomis alpina, Leonurus altaicus; and Solidago palmata, in the French edition of his T ravels, by Lamarck, in a note vol. vi. page 399, appears again in the same volume page 166, under the name of Senecio palmatus, and in - his Herbarium by that of Senecio davu-~ nicus ; so.that it requires some time and pains to. make out his | species, Linn. Trans.Vol. X. Tab. 6. p. 259, NN 77 | uu | I LI UNE Urea lan: e A 7 LA Jrutanens ~ the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 259 dw RM - j species. Of Moluccella grandiflora of the Species Plantarum by Willdenow, which is M. diacanthophylla of Pallas in Nov. Act. Petrop. vol. x. page 380, table 11, the very specimens from | which the figures seem to have been made, are named in his MS. Moluccella quadrangularis, species nova e deserto Buscarico. A plant which he describes in the Appendix to his Travels as Planta Salsa, &c., and supposes it to be a Cacalia, I have not been able to discover as yet, unless he has placed it in another genus, which is most likely, or that somebody is more fortunate than myself in the possession of it. Lamarck observes in the preface to Pallas's Travels, that he mentions the same plants repeatedly, | even the most common ones,—which certainly is sometimes the case; because, perhaps, he thought that they would be better understood by the generality of his readers, and did not like to give details of new species there, which he intended to publish ina work devoted to that purpose. As I am preparing to givea catalogue of all the species found in his Herbarium, with the ob- servations I there find in MS., I. shall now only submit to the Society an account of some of the most remarkable species that I have already noticed ; and express a. hope that in future every botanist sent on similar expeditions may execute his charge with as much assiduity as Pallas has done, and bring us home as ex- tensive collections. ~ — LOBELIA | 260 - Mr. LAMBERTS Account of ` LOBELIA sEssILIFOLIA. | Tas. VI. Fig. 2. : Loxerta caule herbaceo folioso glabro simplicissimo, foliis ob- ' longo-lanceolatis serrulatis sessilibus utrinque nudis, pedun- culis axillaribus folio brevioribus. j Lobelia camtschatica. «Pall. MSS. A Habitat in Camtschatka. Pallas. x. | | ; Ghis singular species has so much the habit of some species of Euphorbia, that without fructification it might easily be mistaken for one of that genus. The stems are above a foot in height, without any sort of pubescence, round, shining, and striated; naked towards the base, and marked with a few scars from the fall of the leaves, which are of a dull green, with their edges finely serrated, conspicuously veined on their lower side, but nearly veinless above, and appear to be affixed in a. spiral direction. _ Ey 7 1 <> ron S cs i Saee: PHELIPÉA- E Tourn. Cor. p. AT. t. 479. Desfont. in An. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10, p. 298. t. 21. Juss. in An. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19. p. 445. u PHELIPRA FOLIATA. Tan. VH. 3 PHELIP#A caulibus parce foliatis simplicibus unifloris, corollae laciniis subovatis.: MA L- Orobanche Phelypza. Marsch. v. Bieberst. Terek und Kur, in Ken. An. Bot. 2. p. 447. synonymo Tournefortii excluso, ' O. coccinea. Willd. Sp. Pi. 3. p. 354. sine synonymo Tournefortii. Lathrea Phelypza. Pau MSS. >. > = Habitat in monte Caucaso et Tauriä. Pail. MSS, y. | This Él Linn. Trans Vol. X.Tab. Z.p. 260. l the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 261 This new addition to the Genus Phelipea of Tournefort, again re-established by Desfontaines from his MSS. and the original drawing of Aubriet in the Museum of Natural. History at Paris, and confirmed by the authority of Jussieu, throws considerable light upon the character of that curious genus; and is the more interesting, that no specimens of the Rhelipea Tournefortii now remain in his Herbarium, or are known to exist in any other collection. inti The specimens of Phelipea foliata in the Pallasian collection rise from a short scaly root a little fibrous below, to from ten to eighteen inches in height; the stems striated anda little flexuose, leafy towards the base, but naked a considerable way below the flower. The specimens from Caucasus, when magnified, appear a little villose ; those from Tauria are shining, and without any sort of pubescence. ' The calyx is bilabiate, with the upper lip three-cleft, the divisions approaching each other and a little -incurved ; the under lip is deeply two-parted, with the divisions more obtuse and longer than in the upper lip. The tube of the corolla is curved, the limb bilabiate with the upper lip two- parted, the divisions nearly oval, and the lower lip three-parted and considerably longer. The filaments are broad, compressed and approaching in pairs, two of them considerably shorter, and are inserted in the tube of the corolla. The anthers are large, with two cells, and of a shape nearly resembling a heart inverted with a double point. The style is round and incurved ; the stigma very large, and nearly hemispherical. The capsule is oval, with the seeds affixed to four fleshy branched receptacles adhering longitudinally to its sides, and ramifying throughout the whole of its interior, but without appearing to unite with one another. The seeds are very small, nearly oval, shining, and exceedingly numerous, covering every lobe and sinus of the receptacles. - DL: x. 2M ^x This 262 Mr. LAMBERT’s Account of This curious structure of the fruit confirms the close affinity before suspected by Jussieu to exist between Phelipea and the Aiginetia of Linneus* and Roxburgh 4, the capsule of which is described by the latter as having a number of convoluted lamine throughout, between which are lodged innumerable most minute seeds, and may possibly be nearly of the same construction as in ` Phelipæa, although the entire sheathing calyx and regular co- rolla in Avginetia are abundantly sufficient to distinguish the two genera. — men In addition to the foregoing account of Pallas’s Herbarium, I now beg leave to mention that I have since discovered in it fine specimens in fructification from that celebrated Palm growing in the garden at Berlin, which Linnzus calls Phenix dactylifera, the Date Palm, in his Dissertation on the Sexes of Plants. See Dr. Smith’s translation of that work, page 51. Our President also mentions it in his Introduction to Botany, page 321, saying in a note, “ What species of Palm was the subject of this experi- ment does not clearly appear. In the original communication to Dr. Watson printed in the Preface to Lee's Introduction to Botany, it is called Palma major foliis flabelliformibus. Ait. Hort. Kew. vol.3. 473. Yet Linnzeus, in his dissertation on the subject, expressly calls it Phenix dactylifera, the Date Palm, and says he had in his garden many vigorous plants raised from a portion of the seeds above mentioned. The great success of the experiment, and the ‘fan-shaped’ leaves, make me rather take it for the Rhapis, a plant not well known to Linn&us.” Now it appears * Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 632. + Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, i. p. 63, tab. 91. from Linn Trans Vol X. Tab. 6 p.264. \ ^ ECZA metet on IE HI LA the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 263 from Pallas’s specimens sent to him from Berlin (above men- tioned) to be the Chamerops humilis Linn., and that variety which is said to grow twenty feet high. Willdenow, in his Preface to the Horius Berolinensis, also considers it to be that plant. 'Pwo Jabels accompany the ge with the following inscriptions on them: * Chamerops* lf boren feminea. Palma nostra in H. R. Bero- linensi culta, per foecundationem artificialem ab lll. Gleditsch instituta, maxime celebrata. | * Soboles exinde ortz ad 3 pedum altitudinem fere accedentes in eodem viridario aluntur sub matris umbra." A sketch from one of the specimens is annexed, Tab. VIII. Whether the two supposed varieties may not be distinct species, we must leave to those botanists who have an opportunity of ob- serving them where they grow. Own further examination of this Herbarium, I have found some more new plants, and others but very little known, which I beg leave to lay before the Society. The greater part of the plants found by Sievers in his journey to.discover the true Rhubarb, and by him communicatéd to Pallas, are in this collection. One of the most remarkable is the Robinia jubata, first published in the Nova. Acta Academie Scientiarum | Imperialis Petropolitane ; also more perfect specimens of the same sent by the Governor of ‘Irkutsk at Pallas’s request, and from which the superb figure in Pallas's | Species Astragalorum, tab. 85, was taken : these are nearly three feet in length, and in excellent preservation. Rheum nutans, sibiricum and caspicum also of the Flora Rossica, vol. 2, quoted * «c Chameerops No. 4. Chamer. arborea feminea, L. p. 1657.” | 2x2 ! by 264 Mr. Lampert’s Account of by Professor Georgi in his Beschreibung des Russichen Reichs, but yet unpublished ; a new species of Rumex, R. graminifolius of Professor Rudolph, whose specimens of it I have also.received through the kindness. of my friend Dr. E. D. Clarke, of Cam- bridge ; the beautiful and rare Lilium camtschatcense of Linnzeus; a remarkable new species of Vaccinium which we had before heard of, and been long anxious to see. The following note affixed to the plant by Professor Rudolph, from whose Meriana I received it, (there being no specimen of it in the Pallasian col- lection,) contains all that we yet know concerning it: * Vacci- nium prestans. Hocce Vaceinium a nemine hucusque est visum. Crescit in remotissimo deserto, et in unico loco et paucissimis. incolis Kamtschatke tantummodo noto. Bacce perquam grate sapide sunt. Specimina cum floribus nequisquam, quamvis 100 rubelonum pretium oblatum fuit, ausus est colligere." The fol- lowing specific character will, I trust, distinguish it from its con- geners. VACCINIUM przstans. Vaccinium caule humile adscendens, foliis magnis obovalibus serrulatis ciliatis venosis, fructu subgloboso amplissimo. n. A sketch from the specimen is annexed, Tab. IX. For the Rumex I here propose the dee mcis N RUMEX GRAMINIFOLIUS. Rumex foliis gramineis lzvibus integerrimis : vel lacinulis du bus Sepia appendiculatis. | l Tas. X. R. a Georgi Besch. Russ. Reichs. p- 921, sine nota. Habitat in Kamtschatkä ad mare glaciale, Rudolph. In insulis Curilis. Pallas. y. The .2. p.264. Ve A | Linn Trans. Vol X-Tab. I) p.264. Mo "mh . " EE, RU Sa enef ltd, the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 265 The specimens of Lilium camtschatcense, of which a figure is annexed, Tab. XI., vary in length from six to eighteen inches, with the upper leaves alternate, and the lower in whorls, generally ` by fives; but sometimes by threes, or in opposite pairs towards the top. The roots are very remarkable, being composed of little tubers or grains, imbricated round a central pillar, like the grains of Maize, only much smaller, with a few branched fibres at the base. The flowers are terminal, and vary in my speci- mens from one to three on each stem. It has already been sup- posed to be a species of Fritillaria, and the specimens seem to confirm the conjecture, as the short stamens, large recurved _ stigmas, and very short style, accord much better with that genus. — What may be the situation or form of the nectaries I have not been able to discover. VIII. Some ( 266 ) VIII. Some Remarks on the Synonyms ‚dnd native Country of Hypericum calycinum. By J. E. Smith, M.D., F.R.S., and fX. | | pO Read March 21, 1809. Towaznps the end of last August I received from Mr. Hincks, Secretary to the Cork Institution, a specimen of Hypericum caly- cinum, gathered, by Mr. Drummond, Curator of the botanic garden near that city, about three miles from Cork in the road to Bandon, where these gentlemen assure me the plant in ques- tion grows wild in great abundance. This communication led me to investigate the reputed places of growth of this species, as well as of the Hypericum Ascyron, with which Linneus and some other botanists have confounded it. ‘This confusion was first publicly corrected in the Hortus Kewensis, v. 3. 103, where the synonyms of the calycinum are rightly given. Two years af- terwards Mr. Curtis published this plant in his Magazine, v. 5. t. 146, judiciously adopting the corrections in the Hortus Kew- ensis, but relapsing into an old error in quoting Bauhin’s Ascy- rum magno flore. The occurrence of this quotation chiefly excited . in my mind a desire to investigate the whole subject; for I must honestly confess that, as Bauhin's plant was gathered by Burser on the Pyrenean mountains, I should have been glad to have found it the same with our Irish one, as confirming the wildness of the latter. My first object therefore was to determine the plant | of Dr. Suitu’s Remarks on Hypericum calycinum. .. 967 of Bauhin, described in his Prodromus, p. 130, from Burser's specimen, and therefore to be ascertained by the herbarium of the latter at Upsal.. On turning to Linneus’s own copy of Bau- hin, I found a mark indicating that he had made this inquiry, and the result is recorded in an unpublished manuscript note in the first edition of his. Species Plantarum to the following effect: * The true Linnean Hypericum Ascyron is the same with that of Burser. Its stem is perfectly straight and altogether herbaceous. If therefore the plant of Wheeler be shrubby and inclining, it is certainly another species.” In consequence of. this discovery of Linnaeus, the synonym of Wheeler is not given under H. Ascyron in the second edition of Sp. Pl., though that of Morison is still retained, Linneus not having perceived that Morison figures Wheeler’s plant, while the latter part of his description only belongs to it, the former being transcribed from Bauhin’s Prodromus. Such faults are common in writers who work on the plan of Morison, and he errs also in men- tioning Mount Olympus as the place where Sir George Wheeler gathered his plant. But though Linnzeus rejected Wheeler's synonym for his H. Ascyron, he has not either referred it to any other old species, nor described it afresh as a new one, at least in the Sp. Plantarum. In his Mantissa indeed, p. 106, he has de- scribed the species in question by the new name of Hypericum calycinum, but without any synonym; and he had now so totally forgotten his former note, and the reference to Wheeler's Journey, that he gives North America, with a doubt, as the native coun- try of his calycinum. ‘This was a mere guess, devoid of all founda- tion. The specimens of this species in his herbarium appear to be garden ones ; so does the original authentic one of his H. Ascyron, though to the latter he has pinned a plant raised by Gronovius from Pennsylvanian seed, which is H. pyramidatum of Hort. Kew. recently 268 Dr. Smrru’s Remarks on the Synonyms und recently figured by Ventenat in his splendid Jardin de la Malmai- son, t. 118; as well as two wild Siberian specimens of the plant figured by Gmelin, v. 4. ¢. 69. This last figure is quoted in the second Mantissa, p. 455, for H. Ascyron, which Gmelin thought it to be, perhaps rightly; but the calyx is much larger than usual, and very unequal, so as to raise a doubt in my mind. The main point, however, respecting our present inquiry is esta- blished, that the true H. Ascyron, which is the Ascyron magne flore, Bauh. Pin. 280, Prod. 130, is a native of the Pyrenees ; perhaps also of moist meadows in Siberia. My next object was to ascertain what Tournefort understood by the above phrase of Bauhin, adopted in his Institutiones Rei Herbarie, 256, under which he quotes Morison, who, as I have said, confounds two species together. This question is decided by Tournefort’s t 131, f. 2, evidently drawn from H. Ascyron and not from H. calycinum, which last it appears Tournefort never knew, otherwise he could not have passed it over. ‘he next botanist after Sir George Wheeler who gathered H. calycinum wild was the late Professor John Sibthorp, who found it in the woods about the village of Delgrad near Constantinople, no doubt the same place where Wheeler first discovered it. The situation is not unlike that near Cork where Mr. Drummond found our specimen, sheltered, and of no considerable elevation, with a southern exposure towards the sea. Dr. Sibthorp has left a figure of this plant for the Flora Greca, which is one of Mr. Ferdinand Bauer’s most exquisite drawings; but he mistook it for H. Ascyron, and has therefore quoted "'ournefort's synonym above mentioned. No other plant in this writers Institutiones or Corollarium, as far as I can dis- cover, can possibly be referred to H. calycinum. Ventenat de- termined his Aseyrum erectum, salicis folio, magno flore, Inst. 256; by Jussieu's herbarium, to be H. pyramidatum. | It ~ native Country of Hypericum calycinum. 269 It seems therefore that H. calycinum, though so commonly cul- tivated in the" English gardens and shrubberies, to which Sir George Wheeler introduced it in 1676, has not been found wild in any other part of the world than at Belgrad near Constanti- nople, and between Cork and Bandon in Ireland; two situations, though remote from each other, and differing about ten degrees in latitude, not unlike with respect to their exposure. We know moreover, by daily experience, that the plant under considera- tion is able to bear a much colder climate than either. In con- sequence of the above discovery, the Hypericum calycinum will make the first plate in the 29th volume of English Botany. Norwich, March 15, 1809. - YOL. Xe 9 N. AX Notes ( 270 ) IX. Notes relating to B 'any, collected from the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinspn, Esq., F.R.S., and communicated by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., F.R.S. and A.S., V.P.L.S. Read April 18, 1809. Berne lately on a visit to John Cator, Esq., of Beckenham- Place, and looking one day over his library, amongst a collec- tion of books left him by his uncle, who married the daughter of the celebrated Peter Collinson, I discovered several which had formerly belonged to that eminent naturalist. One of them was his own copy of Millers Gardeners and Botanist’s Dictionary, the last edition published by the author, witlf the following note at the bottom of the title page: ** The gift of my old friend the author to P. Collinson, F.R.S." "This book contains a great - deal of his manuscript notes relating to the plants cultivated in those days, both in his own gardens and in those of the most celebrated of his contemporaries; with a complete catalogue of the plants he had cultivated in his garden at Mill-Hill, and a list of all those which he had himself‘introduced into this country from Russia, Siberia, America, and other parts of the world; also some original letters from Dillenius, Miller, Bartram, and others; and a short account of his own life, which appears not to have been known to his biographers. * Mr. Cator having obli- Mos CORSI . gingly Notes relating to Botany. 271 eingly permitted me to take a copy of the whole, I now submit to the Linnean Society those parts which I think most worthy of their notice. A. B. L. I WAS born in the house against Church-Alley, Clement's Lane, Lombard-Street, from whence my parents removed into Grace- church-Street, where I have now lived many years. [July 18th, 1764.] Gardening and gardeners have wonderfully increased in my memory. Being sent at two years old to be brought up with my relations at Peckham, in Surry ; from them I received the first liking to gardens and plants. ‘Their garden was remarkable for fine cut greens, the fashion of those times, and for curious ` flowers. 1 often went with them to visit the few nursery-gardens round London to buy fruits, flowers, and clipt yews in the shapes of birds, dogs, men, ships, &c. For these Mr. Parkinson in Lambeth was very much noted, and he had besides a few myrtles, oleanders, and other evergreens. This was about the year 1712. At that time Mr. Wrench, behind the Earl of Peter- famous for tulip-trees, borough's at Parson's Green near Chelsea, began the collecting of evergreens, arbutuses, phillyreas, &c. ; and from him came the gold and silver hedgehog-holly, being accidental varieties from the hedgehog variety of the common holly. He gave rewards to encourage people to look out for ac- cidental varieties from the common holly ; and the saw-leaved holly was observed by these means, and a variegated holly goes by his name to this day. He and Parkinson died about the ear 1724. Contemporary with them were Mr. Derby and Mr. Fairchild; they had their gardens on each side the narrow. alley leading to Mr. George Whitmore’s, at the further end of Hoxton. | 2N2 As 972 Notes relating to Botany, collected from As their gardens were small, they were the only people for exotics, and had many stoves and green-houses for ail sorts of aloes and succulent plants; with oranges, lemons, and other rare plants. At the other end of the town were two famous nursery- men, Furber and Gray, having large tracts of ground. in that way, and vast stocks; for the taste of gardening increased annu- ally. Doctor Compton, bishop of London, was a great lover of rare plants, as well such as came from the West Indies as from North America, and had the greatest collection then in England. After his death the see was filled by Bishop Robinson, a man destitute of any such taste, who allowed his gardener to sell what he pleased, aud often spoiled. what he could not otherwise | dispose of. Many fine trees, come to great maturity, were cut ^ down to make room for produce for the table. The abovementioned gardeners Furber and Gray availed themselves of making purchases from this noble collection, and augmented their nurseries with many fine plants not otherwise to be procured. Brompton Park was another surprising nursery of all the va- rieties of evergreens, fruits, &c., with anumber of others all round the town; for, as the taste increased, nursery-gardens flourished. Mr. Hunt at Putney, and Mr. Gray, are now living, aged about 70. But more modern cultivators are the celebrated James Gordon at Mile-End, whom for many years, from my extensive correspondence, I have assisted with plants and seeds, and who, with a sagacity peculiar to himself, has raised a vast variety of plants from all parts of the world ; and the ingenious Mr. Lee of Hammersmith, who, had he the like assistance, would be little behind bim. Mr. Miller of the Physic Garden, Chelsea, has made his great abilities well known by his works, as well as his skill in every part of gardening, and his success in raising seeds pro- cured the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 273 cured by a large correspondence. : He has raised: the reputation of the Chelsea garden so much, that.it excels all the gardens in ‘Europe for its amazing variety of plants of all orders and classes, and from all climates, as I beheld with much delight this 19th of July, 1764. j October 3d, 1759, after nine years absence from Good wood after the death of my intimate friend the late Duke of Rich- mond, I accompanied the present Duchess there, and to my agreeable surprise found the hardy exotic trees much grown. There were two fine great magnolias about twenty feet high in the American grove that flowered annually. (My tree flowered this | year, 1760, that I raised from seed about twenty years before.) Some of the larches measured near the ground seventeen inches round, the rest fourteen inches and a half. I sawa larch of the old Duke's planting cut down, that in twenty-five years was above fifty feet high, and cut into planks above a foot in diameter, and above twenty feetlong; but there were some larches of the same date seventy feet high. They grow wonderfully in chalky soil. October 30th, 1762, the young Lord Petre came of age. The late Lord Petre, his father, died July 2d, 1742: he was my intimate friend, the ornament and delight of the age he lived in. He went from his house at Ingatestone in Essex, to his seat at Thorndon-Hall in the same county, to extend a large row of elms at the end of the park behind the house.. He removed, in the spring of the year 1734, being the 22d of his age, twenty- four full-grown elms about sixty feet high and two feet diame- ter: all grew finely, and now are not known from the old trees they were planted to match. In the year 1738 he planted the great avenue of elms up the park from. the house to the espla- i | : | nade: ‘Q74 | Notes relating to Botany, collected from nade: the trees were large, perhaps fifteen or twenty years old.. On each side the esplanade, at the head or tup of the park, he raised two mounts, and planted all with evergreens in April and May 1740. In the centre of each mount was a large cedar of Lebanon of twenty years growth, supported by four larches of eleven years growth. On the same area on the mount were planted four smaller cedars of Lebanon aged twenty years cach, supported by four larches aged six years; on the sides Virginian red cedars of three years growth, mixed with other evergreens, which now (anno 1760) make an amazingly fine appearance. In the years 1741 and 1742, from this very nursery he planted out forty thousand trees of all kinds, to embellish the woods at the head of the park on each side of the avenue to the lodge, and round the esplanade. It would occupy a large work to give a ‘particular account of his building and planting. His stoves ex- ceed in dimensions all others in Europe. He dying, his vast collection of. rare exotic plants and his extensive nursery were - soon dispersed. re I paid to John Clarke for a thousand cedars of Lebanon, June the 8th, 1761, seventy-nine pounds six shillings, in. behalf of the Duke of Richmond. These thousand cedars were planted at five years old, in my sixty-seventh year, in March and April, ADR dL. aa Logs Sabor s m In September 1761 I was at Goodwood, and saw these cedars in a thriving state.. | b ! : | | . This day, October 20th, 1762, I paid Mr. Clarke for another large parcel of cedars for the Duke of Richmond. Itis very re» - markable that Mr. Clarke, a butcher at Barnes, conceived an opinion that he could raise cedars of Lebanon from cones from the great tree at Hendon-Place. He succeeded. perfectly, and ' annually the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. ` 275 annually raised them in such quantities, that he supplied the nurserymen, as well as abundance of noblemen and gentlemen; with cedars of Lebanon; and he succeeded not only in cedars, - but he had a great knack in raising the small magnolia, Warner’s Cape jessamine, and all other exotic seeds. He built a large stove for pine-apples, &c. | Any person who has curiosity enough may go to Goodwood in Sussex, and see the date and progress of those cedars, which were at planting five years old. The Duke's father was a great. planter; but the young Duke much exceeds him, for he intends. to ‘clothe all the lofty naked hills above him with evergreen. woods: great portions are already planted, and he annually raises infinite numbers in his nurseries from seeds of pines, firs, cedars, and larches. | "illt . In the Duke of Argyle’s wood stands the largest New-England or Weymouth pine... This, and his largest cedars of Lebanon now standing, were all raised by him from seed in the year 1725, at his seat at Whitton near Hounslow. This spring, 1762, all the Duke of Argyle’s rare trees and shrubs were removed to the Princess of Wales's garden at Kew, which now excels all others, under the direction iof Lord Bute. : Mr. Vernon, Parkes REN at Aleppo, transplanted the weeping-willow from the river Euphrates, brought it with him to England, and planted it at his seat at nceann- Park, where I saw it growing anno 1748: this is the original of all the o ing-willows 1 in our eee | Ä SUE . October "= This is the first ‘authentic account we have had of its introduction; ; the story of its van raised from a live twig of a fruit-basket, received from Spain by Pope, being é E only 276 Notes relating to Botany, colleeted from October the 18th, 1765, I went to see Mr. Rogers’s vineyard, all of Burgundy grapes, and seemingly all perfectly ripe. I did not see a green half-ripe grape in all this great quantity. He does not expect to make less than fourteen hogsheads of wine. The bunches and fruit are remarkably large, and the vines very strong. He was formerly famous for ranunculuses. October 18th, 1765, I visited Mrs. Gaskry, at Parson’s Green near Fulham. This long, hot, dry summer has had a remark- ably good effect on all wall-fruits. Apricots, peaches, and nec- tarines ripened much earlier than usual, and have been excel- lent ; but the most remarkable was the plenty of pomegranates, near two dozen on each tree, of a remarkable size and fine ruddy complexion, of the size of middling oranges. ` One that was split showed the redness and ripeness within. - John Buxton, Esq., öf Shadwell near Thetford in Norfolk, from the acorns of 1762, sowed or planted on forty-two acres of land 120 bushels, containing as near as can be computed 1,432,320 acorns; which is nearly 34,103 acorns on each acre. For this Mr. Buxton had a present of a gold medal from the Society of Arts, &c. Years or ages hence it may be worth a journey to go and observe the progress of vegetation in the dimensions and only on newspaper authority so late as August 1 1801.—See Miller’s Rudy by Martyn.——4A. B. L: Sir Thomas Vernon of London, Knight, and some time member for that city, died in 1705, leaving two sons. Henry the eldest died unmarried at Aleppo in Syria, aged 31; his monument is in St. Stephen’s church, Coleman-Street. Thomas veon, the second . son, resided at Twickenham-Park, Middlesex. The above communicated to me mi Sir William A’Court, Bart; y pt to Mr. Vernon, ——A. B.L. : SUME : ig ts the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 477 heights of this famous plantation, whose beginning is so certainly known. By a letter (November 28th, 1762,) from Thomas Knowlton, gardener to the Duke of Devonshire at his seat of Londesburgh near York, and director of His Grace’s new kitchen-garden, stoves, &c., at Chatsworth, I am informed that the Duke of Devonshire is now sowing seventy quarters of acorns, that is, 560 bushels; an immense quantity: but this year there was the greatest crop of acorns ever remembered. Besides this vast sowing, some hundred thousands of young seedling oaks are planting out this winter: between forty and fifty men are employed about this work. In the year 1761, as many oaks were transplanted from. the nursery, of two, three, and four years old. 1761. Ourlast winter, if it may be called so, exceeded for mildness 1759. The autumnal flowers were not gone before spring began in December with aconites, snowdrops, polyan- thuses &c., and continued without any alloy of intervening. sharp frosts, all January, except two or three frosty nights and mornings: a more delightful season could not be enjoyed in southern latitudes. In January and February my garden was covered with flowers. This summer, 1762; I was visiting Mr. Wood, of Littleton, Middlesex. He showed me a curiosity which surprised me. On a little slender twig of a peach-tree about four inches long, that projected from the wall, grew a peach, and close to it, on the other side of the twig, a nectarine. This Mr. Miller also assured me he had himself known, although not men- VOL. X» 20 | tioned 278 Notes relating to Botany, collected from tioned here (in his Dictionary); and another friend* assured me that he had a tree which produced the like in his garden at Salis- bury: but this I saw myself, and it induces me to think that the peach is the mother of the nectarines ; the latter being a modern fruit, as there is no Greek or Latin name for it. Copied from my nephew Thomas Collinson’s Journal of his Travels, 1754.—* In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, anno the first orange- and lemon-trees were introduced into England by two curious gentlemen, one of them Sir Nicholas Carew, at Bedington, near Croydon, in Surrey.” (The title is lately extinct, anno 1 (63.) These orange-trees were planted in the natural ground; but against every winter an artificial covering was raised for their protection. I have seen them some years ago in great perfection. But this apparatus going to decay, without due consideration a green-house of brick-work was built all round them, and left on the top uncovered in the summer. I visited them a year or two after, in their new habitation, and to my great concern found some dying, and all declining; for, althoügh there were windows on the south side, they did not thrive in their confinement; but being kept damp with the rains, and wanting a free, airy, full sun all the growing months of summer, they bien and at last all died. A better fate has hitherto attended «thé other fine par- cel of Suey Bain &c., brought over at the same time by Sir *]I ls knew the gentleman here alluded to, Dr. Hancock of Salisbury, who as- sured me of this fact ; and a drawing showing both the fruits on the same branch i is now in the possession of H. P. Wyndham, Esq., of Salisbury. Dr. Hancock told me that he had the tree taken up to send to the "i of pia : but it was killed by RT: s Robert the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 279 Robert Mansell, at Margam ; late Lord Mansell's, now Mr. Tal- bot’s, called Kingsey-castle, in the road from Cowbridge to Swansey, in South Wales. My nephew counted eighty trees of citrons, limes, burgamots, Seville and China orange-trees, planted in great cases all ranged in a row before the green-house. This is the finest sight of its kind in England. He had the curiosity to measure some of them. A China orange measured in the extent of its branches fourteen feet. A Seville orange was fourteen feet high, the case included, and the stem twenty-one inches round. A China orange twenty-two inches and a half in girth. July 11th, 1777. F visited the orangery at Margam in the year 1766, in company with Mr. Lewis Thomas, of Eglews Nynngt in that neighbourhood, a very sensible and attentive man, who told me that the orange-trees, &c. in that garden were intended as a present from the King of Spain to the King of Denmark ; and that the vessel in which they were shipped being taken in the Channel, the trees were made a present of to Sir R. Mansell. — December 10th, 1765. A few days ago died my friend Mr. Bennet, who was very curious and industrious in procuring seeds and plants from abroad. He had a garden behind the Shad well water-works near the spot where he lived, and built several very handsome stoves at a great expense, filling them with fine exotics of all kinds; but the erecting a fire-engine to raise the water so hurt his plants by the smoke, that he removed to a large garden of two or three acres, in the fields at the back of Whitechapel laystalls. Here he built a large house for pines and other rare exotics, which he left well stocked. In this garden he raised water melons to a great size and perfection; I have told above 202 forty 280 — Notes relating to Botany, collected from forty lying ripe on the ground. They were raised in frames, and transplanted out under bell-glasses. A basket of these melons was sent to the King. Mr. Bennet had besides a great collection of hardy-ground plants. His garden and all his plants were sold by auction April 14th, 1766. The seeds of the rhubarb with broad curled leaves were first raised by me. They were sent by Dr. Amman, professor of botany at Petersburg, whose father-in-law was Russian go- vernor of the province near which the rhubarb grows. The seed of that with long: narrow curled leaves was sent by the Jesuits in China to my ER Dr. Tanches, at satel by the Rus- sian caravan, and he sent it to me. Lord Rochefort, our ci oic in Spaa in a leiter dated “Madrid, November 1765, says, that in the parts where he had been there are very few forest-trees worth notice; but the ilexes about the Escurial are fine. One sort produces acorns of a mon- strous size, which they eat in Spain at their best tables, and they are as sweet as chesnuts. May 17th, 1761. I was invited ‘by Mr. Sharp, at South Lodge, on Enfield Chace, to dine, and see the Virginia dog- wood (Cornus florida). The calyx of the flowers is as large as those figured by Catesby, and (what is remarkable) this is the only tree that bears these flowers amongst many hundreds that I have seen: it began to bear them in May 1759. Anno 1747- Raised a new species of what appears to be a three-thorned Acacia, from seeds from Persia, that came with Azad or Persian hornbeam, given me by Mr. Baker: it thrives well the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 281 well in my garden. I gave seed to Mr. Gordon, and he also raised it. | The eastern hornbeam (Miller's Dictionary, edition 8th,) was raised from seed given to me, which came from Persia by the name of Azad. I gave it to Mr. Gordon, gardener, at Mile- End, who was so fortunate as to have it come up anno 1747, and from him my garden and other gardens have been supplied. There is a large tree in my field at Hendon, Middlesex. Mr. Miller is greatly mistaken in saying the Arundo No. 2, or Donar, dies down every year. In my garden the stalks have continued for some years making annually young green shoots from every joint, and bear a handsome. tassel of flowers. The first time I ever saw it in flower was September 15th, 1762. This very long hot dry season has made many exotics flower. Donar seu Arundo flowered this year also (1762) at Mr. Gordon's at Mile-End. — | | .. October the 22d; 1746, I received the first double Spanish broom that was in England, sent me by my friend Mr. Brewer at Nuremberg: it cost there a golden ducat; and, being planted in a pot nicely wickered all over, came. from thence down the river Elbe to Hamburgh, from whence it was brought by the first ship to London. I inarched it on the single-flowered broom, and gave it to Gray and Gordon, gardeners,- and from them all have been supplied. Anno 1756. Some roots of Siberian martagon, sent me by Mr. Demidoff, proprietor of the Siberian iron mines, flowered for the first time, May 24th, 1756. The flower is but little re- flexed, and is, I think, the nearest to black of any flower that I know. In 282 Notes relating to Botany. In the year 1727, my intimate friend Sir Charles Wager, first lord of the admiralty, brought plants from Gibraltar-Hill, of the Linaria procumbens Hispanica flore flavescente pulchre striato, la- biis nigro-purpureis, which I have yet in my, garden, anno 1761; and at the same time he brought the broad-leaved Teucrium, and a species of periwinkle, neither of which were in our gardens before; and some roots of what is called Hyacinths of Peru. In the year 1756, the famous tulip-tree in Lord Peterborough's garden at Parson's Green, near Fulham, died. It was about seventy feet high, the tallest tree in the ground, and perhaps a hundred years old, being the first tree of the kind that was raised in England. It had for many years the visitation of the curious to see its flowers, and admire its beauty, for it was as straight as an arrow, and died of age by a gentle decay. But it was remarkable, that the same year that this died, a tulip-tree which I had given to Sir Charles Wager flowered for the first time in his garden, which was opposite Lord Peterborough’s. This tulip-tree I raised from seed, and it was thirty years old when it flowered. April 8th, 1749. I removed from my house at Peckham, Surry, and was for two years in transplanting my garden to my house at Mill-Hill, called Ridgeway-House, in the parish of Hendon, Middlesex. Anno 1751. I raised the China or paper mulberry from seed given. me 5k: Dr. Mortimer. X. A De- er Linn Trans Vol. X. Tab.12.p. 283. (283: ) X. A Description of several S. pe of Plants from New Holland. By Edward Rudge, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S. Read April 18, 1809, and January 16, 1810. J CENTROLEPIS CUSPIDIGERA. Monandria Monogynia. Tas. XII. Fig. 1 CzxrnorrPis folis parum pubescentibus: spathis longissime cuspidatis, valde hispidis: paleis emarginatis. "S Devauxia Billardieri. Brown Prod. v. 1. 252. Planta tres ad quatuor pollices longa. Radix fibrosa. Scapi plures, erecti, teretes, basi foliis vaginati. Spathe bivalves, ovate, longissime cuspidate, basi concave, pilis — albidis rigidis hispide, decem- ad: duodecim-flore. Calyx nullus. ` Corolla nulla; Palee unilaterales, tot quot flores, ovato-oblongæ, emarginatz. ; Stamen. Filamentum filiforme, pales longius, basi pisar inser- “tum. Anthera cordata, versatilis. : Pistillum. Germen superum, ovatum; Stylus tripartitus ; Stigma acuta, glandulosa. Capsula trilocularis ; loculis a basi insequaliter distantibus; mo- nospermis. i ' Semina We ab 284 Mr. RupGe’s Description of Semina ovata. Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia. Taz. XII. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali. a. Spathe cum floribus magnitudine aucte. b. Exedem sejunctz floribus orbate. c. Folium. ` d. Flos integer eadem flechette ampliatus. e. Capsula. f. Anthera dorso et fronte visa. g. Semen. CENTROLEPIS EMULA. Tas. XII. Fig. 2. C. foliis usque ad apicem villosis, peracutis : spathis acuminatis : paleis obtusis. Devauxia Patersonii. Brown Prod. 0... 257. Planta biuncialis. ` ! : » Radix fibrosa. Scapi plures, teretes, purpurei. Folia scapo breviora, villis albidis usque ad apicem tecta. Spathe bivalves, ovate, apice obtuse, concave, villose, mul- tifloree. Calyx nullus. Corolla nulla. Palee unilaterales, ovate, concave, integra. Stamen. Filamentum basi pistilli insertum, palez longitudine. Anthera oblonga. Germen oblongo-ovatum. Semina ovata, circiter novem in singulis spiculis. Habitat prope Port Jackson in Novà Hollandiä. TAB. Linn Trans Vol X. Za6./3.p. 265. accendi Species of Plants from New Holland. 285 Tas. XII. Fig. 2. Planta msguithdiie naturali. - a. Spathz cum floribus magnitudine auct. b. Flos integer diem. ee ee c. Capsula. —. | d. Anthera. e. Semen. me 4 Folium. The name Be this genus would be much more appropriate by deriving it from its prickly spathes, the Greek word Reyrgov meaning a prickle as well as a centre : for the glumes are uni- lateral in. several species, and ‚probably not truly centra il (as Monsieur Billardiere describes | them) in any : I use the term spathes in conformity to his description of Centrolepis fascicu- laris. j ; , RES r4 Te MM non a co^ ; en ia j PIMELEA CURYIFLORA. Ws af. a tots: Tan, XIILÀ Fig. tasm ; P, foliis ovalibus, capitulo in omnibus fere his: brevissime á pedunculato : corolla extus valde barbatá tybe curvato : awi 4 Pimelea curviflora. Brown Prod. v. 1 S69. lelje | F Fruticulus gracilis, ramosissimus, diffusus. ie i yh $ Rami teretes, divaricati, villis densissime. imbricatis. . Folia ovalia, subsessilia, pep, supra. mp subtus EH tres vel quatuor lineas longa. „aotoju pisá ja Flores capitulo ina omnibus fere axilli brevissin terminales. — ee [ oso oM 4 Capitulum sex- Mi bito-lorum; j buit ow Calyx nullus.” A Lge v Corolla. Tubus inferne. curvatus, extus villosus,- albidus, ian | glaber: Limbus quadripartitus: Lacinie oblongo-ovates. obtuse. YOR ES ^ 9 P A Stamina. H aad x ^ ko s . N An x é CAVANA Ws’. « x B 286 _ Mr. Runex’s Description of Stamina. Filamenta duo filiformia, fauce corolla inserta, laciniis corollae multo breviora ; Anthere cordate. Pistillum. Germen oblongum, glabrum ; Stylus filiformis, curva- tus, tubo corolle brevior; Stigma capitatum.. Habitat in Novà Cambria. Tas. XIII. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali. | a. Corolla magaitudine aa aucta. b. Corolla aperta. | c. Antherze dorso et fronte vis. d. Pistillum. ~PIMELEA GLAUCA. Tas. XIH. Fig.2. S ox P. foliis ovali-lanceolatis, lx: vibus: corollA extus villosà tubo cylindraceo; filamentis brevissimis, stylo npud stigmate minutissime barbato. - | F etuot Pimelea glauca. Brown Prod. 360. Frutex ramosus. Rami teretes, glabri. | Folia decussata, subsessilia, patentissima, ovalishifiownbeien inte- gerrima, lævia, głauca, semiunguicularia. l Flores in capitulis involueratis bracteis quatuor ovatis. Capitulum terminale, multiflorum. . Calyx nullus. Corolla monopetala, tubulosa ; Tubus extus villon: ‘Abus, intus glaber; Limbus profunde quadripartitus ; Lacinie ovato-lan- ceolate, | A up Stamina. Filamenta duo, brevia, fauce tubi inserta. Anthera oblonge. | 15 | Pistillum. : iA. ir ln Seme Za famentes: i WB S Ze N S Zinn. Ivans.Vol. X. Tab.1A.p:287. SX LH 5 Linden pecata? several Species of Plants from New Holland. 287 Pistillum. Germen clavatum, glabrum ; Stylus filiformis, apice inflexus, tubo corollze multo longior? Stigma parvum, obpisnm, minutissime bàrbatum. | Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Tan. XIII. Fig 2. Ramus magnitudine naturali. “a. Corolla magnitudine multum aucta. ~b. Corolla aperta. y Je Pistillum. ‘> 4 Anthera. T. PIMELEA FILAMENTOSA. Tas. XIV. Fig. 1. P. foliis - lanceolatis TNR capitulis grandibus, bracteis ovato-cuneatis ; corolla extus villosa ; filamentis longissimis ; ; antheris sublinearibus. Folia opposita, sessilia, glabra, mucronata. Flores i in 1 capitulis grandibus involucratis foliolis quatüor ovatis, ue glabris ; receptaculo longo piloso. Calyx nullus. | Corolla monopetala, tubulosa, extus pilosa, pilis infra longio- - ribus et rigidioribus ; Lacinie æquales, ini eer TL j tusie. mina. Filamenta longum, fauce tubi inserta. Anthere s sub: lineares. Pistillum. Germen. ovatum, saved? Stylus filiformis; exsertus : Stigma hemispheericum, piorum | | Habitat in Nova Hollandia. _ "A St a PY > r1 À i i ^ ^. X " Y % ^ be Y a4 S E h SONS PNE AASS AUAA A * ` 288 Mr.:Ruper’s Description of Tas. XIV. Fig. 1. Ramus magnitudime naturali. a. Corolla magnitudine aucta. b. Corolla aperta. c. Pistillum. d. Stamen. PIMELEA SPICATA. * Flores spicati. Tas. XIV. Fig. 2. P. foliis ovalibus, levibus, longe nunc per paria distantibus: corollà apice extus tantum. ee laciniis obovatis: antheris minutis subsessilibus, — — Pimelea spicata. Brown Prod. v. 1. 362. Folia opposita, longo intervallo nunc per paria distantia, levia, brevissime petiolata: nervis paucis. | Flores in spicä pergente florescentià elongata, berman foliis duobusinvolucrata. Calyx nullus. Corolla monopetala, tubulosa, utrinque glabra. Limbus qua- drifidus; Lacinie obovate, apice extus tantum pubescentuli. Stamina. Filamenta duo brevissima, fauce tubi inserta. Anthere subovate. Pistillum, Germen ovatum ; Stylus filiformis fere altitudine limbi ; | Stigma capitatum, barbatum. Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia. Tab. XIV. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali. a. Corolla magnitudine aucta. b. Corolla. Linn. Trans. Vol. X. Tab 15. p. 263 pus pac E Qa, several Species of Plants from New Holland. 289: - b. Corolla aperta. c. Pistillum. d. Anthera. | XYRIS ELONGATA. | = Tan. XV. Fig.l. ; X. scapo ancipiti longissimo, cahiclo oblongo, bracteis inferio-. ribus acute carinatis. Radix fibrosa. oa Folia inferne pee scapo duplo breviors, angusta, subu-, | lata, praeter stipulas reliquas gemmaceas vagineformes. Be T et Scapi plures, bipedales ancipites margine crassiusculo flavo, tenuissime striati, torti, foliis duobus vaginati. Spica oblonga, . imbricata, . uncialis, bracteis ovatis, concavis, | margine membranaceis, flores plures claudentibus : : ad singu- - los bractez duz acute carinatee. | Corolla tripetala, lutea, petalorum laminz late obcuneate. Stamina. Filamenta tria, brevissima, basi corolle inserta. Anthere sulcatz, basi ppicoque den e e Stylum non vidi. Habitat prope Port J ackson in 1 Nova Hollandia. Tan. XV. Fig. 1. Planta. magnitudine naturali. | a. Corolla: le «gt n aucta. $ i i Š 1 Ei : 4 i-1 "n * Stiri exacrits. reda AH SC Laine S. A nudo, tereti capitulo Mi. mucronato. | Isolepis nodosa. : eyr Prod. v. i uis E ulmus 290 — Mr. Ruper’s Description of Culmus nudus, lzevis, teres, subtilissime striatus, apice in | acutum mucronem terminans. tA 3 P Capitulum parvum, juxta apicem culmum unilaterale- gion era- ag S U 2 tum, spicis pancis ovatis, acutis, fuscis, sce e m E. Goines PECES glabrum. Stylus unicus. -stigmata 2 tria minutissime barbata. . uA NÉ á Semina non vidi. - : e | * NN i ge | Scirpo nodoso E V o EN Habitat i in 3 \ Í Hollandit, ni I À Ma 'ERSOONIA PINIFOLIA. Tetrandria Monogynia. ` TAaBSANL figi ——3 P. foliis perangustis lacte ad flores repen : spicá longa terminali. B nl P. pinifolia. Brown in Trans. Tus Soc. v. 10. p. 160. et P Prod. v. 1. 372. ; Caulis teres, pilosus. s i Folia densa, perangusta i recurva, linearia, Tom, analichiatas tenell 1 aene adult : | = * Ki Mio N Linn. Trans Vol X. Tab.16,p.2.90. > EN Gp) wT $7 » F E een Op x x P mur 7 unifolia Sersoonta hirsuta AB. del ! several Species of Plants from New Holland. 291 Calyx nullus. Corolla. Petala quatuor paulo infra medium staminifera, superne recurva, extus pubescentia. Stamina. Filamenta omnium brevissima. Anthere longissime, lineares, demum recurve, biloculares, quadrivalves, facie dehiscentes. | Pistillum. Germen oblongum : Stylus glaber, persistens: Stigma obtusum. Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandiä. Tas. XVI. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali. a. Flosinteger cum bractea magnitudine auctus. b. Petalum. c. Anthera dorso et fronte visa. d. Pistillum.. PERSOONIA HIRSUTA. TaB. XVI... Fig.:2.. P. foliis recurvulis, linearibus, convexis, sulco subtus, hirsutis ; . floribus axillaribus, dense hirsutis. P. hirsuta. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118. et Brown in Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 161. et Prod. v. 1. 372. Caulis teres, densissime hirsutus. Folia linearia, sessilia, subtus sulcata, undique pilosa. Flores solitarii, axillares ; pedunculis brevibus, densissime hir- sutis. | - Calyx nullus. Corolla. Petala quatuor, paulo infra medium staminifera, spa- tulato-lanceolata, extus pilis densissimis obducta; intus glabra, superne recurva. — Staminum 292 © Mr, Rupar’s Description of Staminum Filamenta brevissima. Anthere longissime, lineares, post anthesin mox recurve. y a Pistillum. Germen ovatum, densissime hirsutum. Stylus glaber, sulcatus, persistens. | Stigma hemisphericum. am Habitat prope Port Jackson-in Nova Hollandiä, A. XVI. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali. a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus. b. Petalum. c. Antherze dorso et Nea vis. d. Pistillum. CoNosPERMUM ERICIFOLIUM. - Tetrandria Monogynia. Tas. XVII. Fig. 1. C. foliis tres ad quatuor lineas longis, linearibus, dense imbri- catis: pedunculis multibracteatis : antheris suborbicularibus. C. ericifolium. Smith in Rees. sede Brown in Trans. Linn. Soc. v. 10. p. 154. et Prod. v. 1. 368. sity | Frutex rigidus... à ietiul Caulis erectus, gracilis, parum ramosus; sericeo-pubescens, Folia linearia, dense imbricata, apice acuta. Bractee ovate, acute. i | Flores paniculis florescentiá pergente spicatim long; Corolla monopetala, irregularis, quadrifida, lacini& und cucul- latä. | EN Stamina. Filamenta tria, fauce tubi inserta. Anthera unica anb V .laciniá cucullatà. bilocularis : du sub laciniis Isteralibänige- f = completz uno loculo deficiente. i | “Pistillum. Linn. Trans VAX. Tab.17. p.292. » MW ilu Jf | A | ¥ "T S Lol Wil AN : W s C" "d Conespermum cuca MUMM. ™ t e El o. : Leere ful: um 2 ; 7 Bade several Species of Plants from New Holland. 293 Pistillum. Germen subglobosum, pappo pilo:denso coronatum. Stylus filiformis, contortus ?. versus laciniam corolle sterilem. Stigma clavatum. id Habitat prope Port Jackson i in YN ova Hollandia. Tas. XVII. Fig. 1. Biante een naturali. a. Flos integer cum Bracteä magnitudineauctus. b. Corolla aperta. ! c. Antherz. d. Pistillum. ZIERIA PILOSA. Tas. XVII. Fig. 2. Z. foliorum laminis tres ad quatuor lineas longis, lanceolatis, subtus pilosis: floribus solitariis, axillaribus; — Frutex ramosus, ramis oppositis densissime hirsutis. es Folia opposita, ternata: Petioli pilosi: Lamine uninervie, supra glabre, punctate, subtus pilose. Flores solitarii, axillares, pedunculati. Pedunculi breves, teretes, pilosi, Calyx profunde quadrifidus, laciniis acutiusculis. Corolla. Petala quatuor, ovata, obtusa, utrinque glabra. : Stamina. | Filamenta quatuor, lata, singula glandulä insidentia, . glabra. Anthere cordate, biloculares. ae) Putillum. Germen quadrilobum. ‚Stylus brevis. Stigma quadri- lobum. = Cocci quatuor, ovati, hirsuti, monospermi. Habitat in Novä Cambria. | Legit J. White. i VOL. £. 2Q e- Tas 294 : Mr. Runer’ s Description of Tas. ET. m 2. Planta magnitudine naturalis“ a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus. b. Idem petalis abruptis. c. Anthera dorso et fronte visa. d, Pistillum cum calyce. . e. Cocci tunica interior oi apc | - jf. Semen. CRYPTANDRA ERICIFOLIA. Pentandria Monogynia. Tas. XVIII. Fig. 1. Q le sericeo: foliis duas ad tres lineas longis, linearibus . acutis: corollis extus sericeis. : C. ericifolia. Smith in Rees Cyclop. ^ HE ee One Frutex pergracilis? ramis paucis longis, superne sericeis. Folia alterna, inter se remotiuscula, duas ad tres lineas TN linearia, lateribus usque ad. medium arcte. reduplicatis, acuta, glabra. i Flores in capitulis terminalibus. ` Bractea ad basin singulorum florum, cuneata, extus sericea. Calyx quinquefidus : laciniis structura bractearum. Corolla tubulosa, limbo quinquefido, densissime ‚sericen, intus glabra. Ei $ K Stamina. Filamenta quinque, inter segmenta til b squämis "cu- cullatis inserta. Anthere bilobe. © = ^ Pistillum. Germen oblongum, pilosum. Siyi simplex. Shee obtusum. Habitat ‘ae t Port ioti in à Nova Hollandiá. ilk * ARTE Linn. Trans. Vol. X. Tab. 18.p. 294. Fig. d. d e Metri E : <4 SUN t: N " Am QE RN Š RI, ANANAS dis » 5 a Ai A 4 We | ^ d + ^ NV AY v \ V IN i ) sandra T SM m) e ery EG A Pi NN ae) AR os o di dL) D^ al m nu P several Species of Plants from. New Holland. 295 Tas. XVIII. Fig. 1. Planta.magnitudine naturali. a. Flos integer magnitudine ampliatus. b. Idem apertus. c. Anthera dorso et fronte visa cum cucullo. d. Pistillum. e. Calyx cum Bracteä. ÜRYPTANDRA AMARA. : Tas, XVIII. Fig. 2. C. caule incano : foliis unas ad duas lineas longis, spatulatis, ob- tusis: corolla extus incana. | git. C. amara. Smith in Rees Cyclop. d - Frutex humilis: ramis numerosis, densis dum teneris incanıs. Folia alterna, densa, unas ad. duas, lineas longa, spatulata,. late-. ribus etiam magis quam. in precedente reduplicatis, et supra medium plane confluentibus, margine scabriuscula. Flores in capitulis terminalibus. Bractee inferiores structurä fere foliorum sensim magis cal ycinze, Calyx quinquefidus : laciniis late ovatis. Corolla late. infundibuliformis ; laciniis. cuneatis, obtusissimis ; extus incana. -` Stamina. Filamenta .quinque, ut in precedente. inserta, squamis parum cucullatis. Anthere profunde bilobe. Pistillum. Germen late apconicum. at simplex. Stigma apice styli vix latius. - Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia. Tan. XVIII. Fig. 2. Planta. hagniudioe. naturali. a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus. - 2Q2 “= Corolla 296 ooo Mr. Rupee’s Description of a ‘db. Corolla aperta. Aii w Aulsik c. Anthera dorso et fronte visa cum cucullo. d. Pistillum. | STYPHELIA REFLEXA. à Pentandria me E Tas. XIX.” S rolle limbo reflexo, udis n racemis terminalibus ; foliis oblongis lateribus revolutis. : Frutex erecti .. Folia oblonga, ribus revolutis; obtuse acuminata subsessilia. |... Flores terminales in capitulum congesti, breviter msti | Bractee due, calyce breviores, ovate. er ae Calyx squamulis imbricatis, ee. inferioribus parum carinatis. - pu NET Corolla breviter EER eee longior, extus Tevis, laciniis quinque longissimis recurvis, pilis longis niveis intus den- sissime hirsutis. | Stamina. Filamenta quinque fauce tubi inserta. Anthere Me recurve, superne acute, inferne latiores, sulcatze. jagi Pistillum. Germen turbinatum: Sys dicen Stigma capitatum. Habitat i in Nova Hollandiä. Shae n ig TA. XIX. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine n naturali. a. Flos integer magnitudine A conr % b. Corolla aperta. | c È e c. Antherz dorso et fronte vise. Gu XS erst dit Pistillum. ; 4 LASI- ou MEN f a N en ia a k E. SOM Ee ue EN . WENN SO ANNE AUN SA ae ^ MT A FEY, V y Me v Linn. Trans. Vol Y. Tab. 19 p. 296. Sx. several Species of Plants from New Holland. 297 LASIOPETALUM PARVIFLORUM. Pentandria Monogynia. Tas. XIX. Fig. 2. L. foliis lineari-lanceolatis, vix PEREA floribus parvis: . antherarum rachi lata. Frutex gracilis, more affinium totus tomento ferrugineo stellato vestitus. Bracte« valde tomentose. Folia alterna tres ad quatuor pollices longa, duas ad quatuor lineas lata, supra etiam dum tenera tomentosa, lineari-lance- olata basi ima nunquam retusa. Flores in cymis brevibus nutantibus. Corolla longe. minor quam in congeneribus, ceterum parum disce pars; laciniis ovato-acuminatis, incurvis. . Stamina. Filamenta brevissima, receptaculo inserta, adpressa ger- mini. Anthere apice truncatule, rachi latiore quam in ceteris. Pistillum. Germen subglobosum, trilobum, superum. Stylus bre- vissimus. Stigma simplex. Habitat in Nová Hollandiá. "Tas. XIX. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali. | a. Pars racemi magnitudine aucta. b. Bractea. c. Calyx... d. Flos integer fronte visus. e. Idem dorso visus. f. Flos apertus. 2 & Stamina petalis abruptis. .h. Anthera dorso et fronte visa. á. Pistillum. — rirro- 298 — Mr: Rupoz's Description of :PrrrosPORUM FULVUM. Pentandria Monogynia. TAB XX. P. caule tenero valde tomentoso: foliorum laminis late lanceo- latis: calycis foliolis patentibus : : petalis flavis: stigmate vix bilobo. Folia tres ad quatuor pollices longa, 14 lata: Petioli brevissimi, rare tomentosi : laminz late lanceolate, integerrima, obtuse, per nervos tomentose, ceterum fere leves. Flores in paniculis densissimis fasciculati, fragrantes. Pedunculus terminalis, gracilis, viscidulo-pubescens. Bracte« structurà calycis, sed angustiores. — — Calyx patens: foliolis Innteelats-emncatis, ante petala; caden- tibus. E. Corolla. Petala septem ad octo lineas longa, flava, apice revoluta, -arcte coherentia | ng versus apicem postquam ceci- derunt. 5405998 1c dolm | Lev Stamina. Filamenta flava, Gam pressius | i Germen pallide viride, pube mox fuscescente. Pericarpium basi tantum biloculare, dein uniloculare. Genus Bursarie et Billardiere in serie naturali propinquum. Habitat prope Port Jackson i in Nova Hollandia. Tas. XX. Planta magnitudine naturali. a. Flos integer toque parum auctus. Ba 3 1 c. Corolla aperta. d. Antherz dorso et fronte vise. a i Mans- s Ud Lei Ww d dei im n ` X Linn. Trans.Vol.X. Tab 2p. 296. nd Zinn. Trans Vol X. Tab. 21. p. 293 Fig 1. Fig. 2. J pe * (A E OX C. N I Ni deni tet Hle Ha & [4 Kosadi several Species of Plants from New Holland. _ 299 MARSDENIA SUAVEOLENS. Pentandria Dig; ynia. Tas. XXI. Fig. 1. M. foliis ovalibus glabris; floribus. axillaribus; corolle laciniis — basiintus minute barbatis. Marsdenia suaveolens. R. Brown in Trans. Soc. Wern. Edinb. Folia opposita, petiolata, utrinque glabra, avenia. Flores in paniculis axillaribus, sex- ad octo-floris. Calyx monophyllus, persistens, gningnaparttus, laciniis ovatis margine ciliatis. Corolla monopetala, tubo brevi ; laeinim quinque, E. MSN - basi intus minute barbate. Stamina. Filamenta quinque lata, infra Nectarium conicum quinquedentatum inserta. Anthere Dole minutissim&, mem- braná terminate. Pistillum. Germen obconicum, bilobum. Styli duo, breves. Stis- - mata duo, obtusa. Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia. Obs. I had figured and described this plant some time since, but delayed presenting it to the Society, in order not to interfere | with the arrangement of the whole Genus, as described by Mr. Brown, and just published in the Transactions of the Wernerian Society at Edinburgh; and I have therefore preserved the spe- cific name by which it is laid down in the E a nksian Herbarium. Tic xx die 1. Haima magnitudine SER | a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus. b. Corolla. NU LE c. Eadem aperta. | E E d. Stamina corollà abrupta. x : e. Stamen unici fronte, latere et dorso visum. f. Nec- 300 - Mr. Rvpcz's Description of f. Nectarium cum granis pollinis adhzrentibus. g. Calyx et Germen. h. Pistillum cum stylis duobus. TRACHYMENZ: Pentandria Digynia. á Cuar. Essen. Petala quinque ovato-lanceolata, integra. Fructus subglobosus tuberculis scaber, bipartibilis. Involucrum po- lyphyllum. | Umbella simplex. TRACHYMENE INCISA. Tanz. XXI. Fig. 2. T. foliis radicalibus incisis, umbellis paucis. Caulis erectus, teres, gracilis. Folia radicalia, ternata, multipartita, incisa, longe petiolata. Umbella simplex, exenelis, radiis pluribus, brevibus. Calyx nullus. | | Corolla. Petala quinque ovata cum acumine inflexo. Stamina. Filamenta quinque petalis longiora ; Antheris bilocula- ribus, reniformibus. Pistillum. Germen inferum, cyathiforme. Styli divaricati. Stig- mata simplicia. Be, RR Fructus rugosus bipartibilis ir in semina duo semiovata, gibba. . Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandiâ. | Nomen a rgaxus asper, et nın membrana. | Obs. ‘This Genus appears to be the same as Azorella of La Bil- Jardiere; but that name having been previously given to f another by Cavanilles, and wich is taken up in Lamarck’s .. Encyclop - Bot, I am gag the necessity of giving this ù — name. ig = TAB: Linn. Trans. Vol. X. Tab. 22 p. 30L. Fig.2. 2 S N Š ^ vari f, (CZ M (e D7 1 f A (ASS THA Ae i SH A \ = SS 7 7 í AS CG ft ) Z otda | m rrantkeri e as several Species of Plants from New Holland. ^. - Tas. XXI. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali. d. Flos integer magnitudine auctus. b. Idem petalis diruptis. c. Anthera fronte et dorso visa. d. Pistillum. e. Fructus. Ww XANTHOSI Pentandria Digynia. Cuar. Essen. - Calyé diphyllus. „Petala quinque, ovata, stami- nibus opposita. Fructus ovatus, bipartibilis, glandulis duabus coronatus, striatus. XANTHOSIA PILOSA. Tas. XXII. Fig. 1. X. foliis lanceolatis, sinuatis, floribus axillaribus. Frutex ramosus. Caulis erectus, gracilis, pilosus. | Folia alterna, petiolata, sublanceolata, sinuata, subtus pilosa. Flores plures axillares. Bractee dux, subulate, pilis longis densissime vestitze. ooo diphyllus corolla longior. p - Corolla. Petala quinque ovata, acuta. | 246572 Stamina. Filamenta pétsrorum longitudine. Anthere reniformes, biloculares. — Nectaria duo. Pistillum. Germen ovatum, striatum, bipartibile, glandulis duabus corónatum. Styli duo pilosi. Stigma simplex. LU Habitat prope Port Jackson i in Nova Hollandia. * VOL. X. IR ; T3 : . Nomen 602 Mr. Rvpaz's Description of Nomen a Ze4o¢ flavus. This plant when immersed in warm water communicates to it a deep yellow colour. Tas. XXII. Fig. 1. Ramulus magnitudine naturali. a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus. | b. Calyx. c. Bractea. - d. Corolla latere et fronte visa. e. Eadem petalis diruptis. | f. Anthera latere, dorso et fronte visa. g. Nectaria. h. Pistillum. PORANTHERA. Pentandria Trigynia. Cuar. Essen. Flores corymbosi. Petala quinque, ovata, in- tegra. Involucrum octophyllum. Calyx nullus. Pericarpia - tria polysperma. = PoRANTHERA ERICIFOLIA. Tas. XXI. Fig. 2. P. foliis subulatis, multifariam imbricatis ; ` corymbis termina- - . libus. Frutex ramosus, ramis teretibus, patentibus. Radix fibrosa. Folia numerosa, lineari-subulata, dense imbricata, tres ad quatuo. lineas longa, vix quintam linez partem lata. Corymbus compositus, terminalis. | = N nullus. t Corolla. several Species of Plants from New Holland. 303 Corolla. Petala quinque ovato-oblonga, integerrima. Stamina. Filamenta quinque, petalis duplo longiora. €: quadriloculares. i Pericarpia tria polysperma. Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandiä. Nomen a rogos porus et «»fzez anthera. | Tas. XXII. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali. | a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus. b. Idem petalis abruptis. c. Antherz latere, fronte et dorso visx. d. Pericarpia. The Synonyms to several of the species above described have been added from Mr. Brown's Prodromus, which has been published some time since this paper was read to the Lin- nean Society. 2n2 e XI. Some ( 904. ) XI. Some Remarks on the Physiology of the Egg, communicated ina Letter from John Ayrton Paris, M.B. to William George Maton, M.D. V.P.L.S. $c. $c. Read April 4th, 1809. Dear SIR, Tue extensive range which the Ovipari form in the scale of ani- mated existence renders the physiology of the egg a subject of extraordinary interest. and importance to the disciple of Lin- neus: I am therefore induced to hope that the communication of any new facts relative to its organization and development will be received by you as an acceptable tribute to the cause of natural history. The ova, or germs of oviparous animals admit of an evident division into two orders. I. The PEnrzEcr, and II. the IMPER- rect. The former are deposited by the Aves, Serpentes, and by most Oviparous Quadrupeds, and are completely formed in utero; whilst the latter, produced by some of the Testacea, Am- phibia, and by most Pisces, acquire additions after their ex- . clusion. The observations contained in this memoir relate more particularly to the class Aves, the history of whose ova com pre- hends whatever is interesting or important in the germs of in- ferior animals. The egg, when completed and deposited, con- sists of the following parts :—* 1. Vitellus or yolk, with its capsule and cicatricula; 2. The two Albumina On the Physiology of the Egg. 305 Albumina, with their proper membranes ; 3. The Chalaze; 4. The Folliculus: acris; 5. The Common Membranes; 6. The Exterior Involucrum, or Shell. The necessity of any description of these parts is superseded by the minute and valuable details which are to be found in the works of FABRICIUS AB AQUAPENDENTE, Harvey, MALPIGHI, and of many modern and enlightened physiologists; I shall confine myself, therefore, to what I consider exclusively original. The principal use of the albuminous portion of the egg is doubtless to afford materials for the growth, and nourishment for the support, of the ovular embryon: such however does not appear to be the only purpose for which it is designed. No where does Nature display more anxiety for the preservation of her offspring, or more wisdom to obtain her objects, than in her provisions to ensure an equable temperature to the fetus in ovo; a condition which is so essential to the evolution of the animal, that the smallest deviation overthrows the nice balance between the different actions that are to mature it, and produces fatal effects. "The albumen then I consider as a great defence against such an evil. The chalaza, by retaining the cicatricula at the source of heat, obviates the mischief that would accrue from | constant change of position; but the albumen, being a most feeble conductor of caloric, retards the escape of heat, prevents any sudden transition of temperature, and thus averts the fatal chills which the occasional migrations of the parent might | induce. As an illustration of the use and importance of such a structure, I may observe, that those fish which retain their vi- tality a considerable time after their removal from the water, as eels and tench, have the power of secreting a slimy and viscid fluid, with which they envelop their bodies. Is it not extremely probable that this matter, by acting like the albumen of the egg, and 306 Dr. Paris’s Remarks on and preventing evaporation from the surface of the animal, and the consequent change of temperature, may be the principal cause of this tenacity of life ? . It must however be remarked, that deviations of temperature are injurious and fatal in proportion only to the degree of vital energy which the ovular embryon possesses : hence germs of inferior vitality not only suffer the vicissitudes of heat and cold with impunity, but are developed by a less defined tem- perature. We therefore perceive, as we descend the scale of- oviparous beings, that those peculiar provisions which the eggs of perfect animals possess, for the regulation of their tempera- ture, cease to be essential, and therefore disappear. - The part of the egg to which I next beg to direct your atten- tion is the folliculus acris, or air-bag, placed at its obtuse extre- mity ; the nature of this follicle excited in me considerable in- terest, as I found that it had not been so fully investigated as its importance seemed to demand. ; The external shell, and the internal membrane by which it is lined, constitute the parietes of the cavity, whose extent in the recent egg scarcely exceeds in size the.eye of a small bird: by incubation, however, it is extended to a considerable magnitude. That its most essential use is to oxygenate the blood of the chick, in my opinion there can be no doubt: but to establish com- pletely the truth of such a theory, it is necessary to discover the nature of the air by which it is inflated, and which has hitherto - remained unexamined, We are informed by Buffon, that it is a product of the fermentation which the different parts of the egg undergo. If the Count's conjecture be established, it must be non-respirable, and therefore cannot discharge the office which such a theory would assign to it. To determine this matter, and to discover also whether the process of incubation produces any change > the Physiology of the Egg. 307 change in its chemical constitution, I instituted the following experiments ; viz. EXPERIMENT 1l. Twenty-one hen's eggs newly laid, when punctured at their obtuse extremity, yielded only 1 cubical inch of gas, which, when received in a jar, and subjected to the eudiometric test of Dr. Priestley, I found to be pure atmospherical air. ExPERIMENT 2. Two eggs, after 20 days' incubation, were opened. under the surface of water, from which 1 cubical inch of gas was collected: this I also discovered to be atmospherical air, contaminated how- ever with a small portion of carbonic acid, which I suspect to be — derived from the venous blood of the chick, and which seems to establish another most beautiful analogy between. this mode of oxygenation, and respiration after birth. From these results the following corollaries may be drawn: viz. 1. The folliculus acris before incubation contains atmosphe- rical air. .9. No other chemical cte takes place in the constitution of: the air, than a small inquination with carbonic acid. 5. It gains by incubation an increase of volume, which takes. | place nearly i in the ratio of 10 to 1. _I must here remark, pt its extent does ot: increase equally in.equal successive portions of time, but observes a rate of pro-- gression, which is. accelerated: as the latter stages of incubation advance: it seems, however, to arrive at its maximum of dilatation: a few days previous to the exclusion of the animal. ` In the eggs of inferior animals, the embryon does not appear to be oxygenated by any distinct apparatus, but, like the animal. which. 308 Dr Parıs’s Remarks on “which it is hereafter to become, receives air through the medium of spiracula, dispersed over the exterior involucrum. The de- scription of the folliculus acris just delivered is taken from that in the egg of our common hen. ‘The same apparatus exists in the eggs of all birds, and contains a similar air: its capacity, however, does not seem to vary either with the size of the egg, - or of the bird to which it belongs ;. but I think I have discovered a beautiful law by which its extent is modified. Ihave uniformly found, as far as my contracted inquiries have led me, that the folliculus acris is of greater magnitude in the eggs of those birds which place their nests on the ground, and whose young are hatched fledged, and capable of exerting their muscles as soon as they burst from their shell, than in the eges of those whose nests are generally built on trees, and whose progeny are born blind and forlorn. Thus the folliculi in the eggs of fowls, partridges, and moor-hens are of considerable extent, whilst those in the eggs of crows, sparrows, and doves are extremely contracted. "The chick, therefore, of fowls and partridges has a more perfect plumage, and a greater aptitude to locomotion, than the callow nestlings of doves and sparrows. . Such an instance of the agency of oxygenation in the promotion and increase of muscular power is not solitary in physiology; for the history of ruminating animals will furnish us with a parallel example. “Their cotyledons,” observes the author of Zoonomia, — “seem to be designed for the purpose ofii g a greater - surface. for the termination of the placental vessels, i in order to receive oxygenation from the uterine ones: thus the progeny of this class of animals are more completely formed before their nativity than that of the carnivorous classes. Calves therefore and lambs can walk about i in a few minutes after their birth ; bile: kittens and puppies remain many days without opening du their ‘the Physiology of the Egg. S09 ‘their eyes.” If any further testimony be necessary to show that ‘the augmentation of muscular energy is the result of a nice | combination of oxygen with the animal organs, many interesting facts might be adduced in confirmation of its truth. We gene- rally find the strength of an animal proportionate to the extent . of its chest: hence an attention to the *animosum pectus" has 'been attended with the improvement of our breed of cattle; and it is in consequence of a great extent of pneumatic receptacle that birds are enabled to bear the prodigious muscular exertion offlight. Is it not probable, too, that the repeated suspirations of the fatigued are instinctive exertions to procure a greater proportion of oxygen, by which their muscular energy may be revived? Imust not quit the subject of this follicle, without no- icing a very curious fact well known to every one employed in the concerns of a farm-yard,—that, if the obtuse extremity of an egg be perforated with the point of the smallest needle, (a stratagem which malice not unfrequently suggests,) its generating process is arrested, and it perishes like the subventaneous egg. Hence Sir Busick Harwood was led to suspect that the elastic fluid contained iu the air-bag was oxygen, and I was induced to examine its nature. Can this curious problem be solved, by supposing that the constant ingress of fresh air is too highly ex- citing? A parallel example may be adduced from the vegetable —." kingdom in support of such an opinion. The young and tender . plant, before it puts forth its roots, is often destroyed by having too free a communication with the atmosphere, by which its powers are exhausted: it is to obviate such an effect, that the horticulturist, taught only by experience, covers it with a glass, by which he limits the extent. of its atmosphere, and. conse- quently decreases its respiration, transpiration, and the inordinate actions which would prove fatal to it. Id. vedi mini . I VOL X. 2s I shall 310 Dr. Parıs’s Remarks on I shall close this paper with a few observations on the forma- tion of the exterior involucrum, or shell, by which this microcosm is defended from external violence. We here detect a single operation, at once answering two of the wisest and most import- ant purposes of the animal: it at once averts destruction from the individual; and contributes essentially to the preservation of its species; for, whilst it removes the calcareous matter, which, if allowed to accumulate, must render the bird incapable of flight, and defeat the best purposes of its existence, it furnishes the germ of the future animal with a strong and convenient defence. The eggs of birds are, however, sometimes destitute of this pro- vision, which I think may arise from the secretion of calcareous matter not keeping pace with the exuberant production of the fluids of the egg. Hence we perceive this imperfection oftener occurring in strong birds, and in the months of harvest, when their food is more luxuriant and abundant. The experiments of Vauquelin, which prove that the quantity of calcareous matter voided by birds exceeds that taken in, suggested to - Fordyce, that birds must require calcareous matter during their laying, and that, if the animal be deprived of it, the shell is never formed. Such a theory, however, is not only derogatory to the wisdom of nature, but illegally deduced from the experiments themselves. Are we to expect, from our imperfect notions of elementary bodies, to explain the origin of every substance found in the animal ceconomy, or the series of changes which it under- goes? Nature bas her own laboratory, and is capable, without any foreign aid, of preparing the ingredients necessary for her pro- ductions. That a deficiency of calcareous matter in the system is the cause of the absence of the shell, no one will deny; but that this depends on some internal state, and not on the privation of line, may be shown by the following curious circumstance. - A hen, the Physiology of the Egg. - A hen, which I kept for some experiments, had its leg broken in two parts. The fracture was carefully bandaged ; three days sub- sequent to which, several eggs destitute of shells were found on the premises. The hen had deposited no perfect eggs, nor were there any other birds from which these yolks could have proceeded: I therefore conjectured that all the calcareous matter designed for the formation of the shell had been employed in the regene- ration of the bone. We find a similar Jaw existing in the human species. The reunion of a bone fractured during a woman’s pregnancy is often delayed until her delivery ; and it is well known, that, if the horns of a deer be broken at the rutting season, it is incapable of procreating its species.—I remain, dear Sir, with great esteem, Yours faithfully, Joun Ayrton Paris. . Westminster, | . November 30, 1808. 232 XII. Some XII. Some Observations on „the Parts of T in: E with Characters and Descriptions of Two New Genera of that Order. By Mr. Robert Bro#n, Lib..Linn. Soc... Read June 20th, 1809. ; Tus account which the celebrated Hedwig has given of the sexes. of Mosses, seems to be founded’on so ample an induction, and is. now so generally received, that it must be necessary to notice the arguments which mere theoretical Botanists have from time to time produced against it.. There is, however, one author,. . Mons. Palisot Beauvois, who has not only objected. to the ac- count of Hedwig, but has proposed a theory of his. own, and: who consequently appealing to actual. observations, and appear-- ing to have particularly studied, specifically at least, this tribe of: plants, merits some attention. ‘The earliest account of Mons. Beauvois' theory is.to be found in the observations added to the order Musci in the Genera Plantarum of Jussieu ; and it was. soon after more fully given by the author himself,in a Memoir on the Sexual Organs of Mosses, published in the third volume: of the American Philosophical Transactions: since that time he has in his different works occasionally treated of the same subject, and has lately repeated the substance of his original. essay, in the introduction to his * Prodrome de Cinquieme et Sixi- eme Familles de l’/Ethiogamie,” published at Paris in 1805, a. translation of which is given by my friend Mr. Konig, in the second volume of the Annals of Botany. To this work, as it must | be ~ On the Parts of Fructification in Mosses. 818 Be in the hand of every scicntific botanist, I refer for a full aecount of M. Beauvois hypothesis, and confine myself to ob- — serving, that what is generally called the capsule of Mosses is by him considered as the containing organ of both sexes; that the granules which Hedwig supposes to be seeds, he regards as pollen; the real seeds according to him being imbedded in the substance of that body which occupies the centre of the cap- sule, and to which botanists have given the name of columnula or columella. ‘The supposed’ seeds: of this author, however, having entirely escaped the two.most:acute and experienced ob- servers. in this department of. botany, Schmidel and Hedwig, in all the species of which they have given. dissections, it might fairly be concluded that they are not of universal existence, and this alone would be sufficient perhaps to overturn the hypo- thesis.. But it would be more satisfactory, if, while the accuracy of these excellent observers was- confirmed. in. other instances,. the cause of that appearance, which. I apprehend has misled. M. Beauvois, could at the same time be pointed out. The species: more particularly described and figured by him in the American Transactions,.is Hypnum velutinum; which therefore,. had it been in a proper state, I should have preferred as the sub- ject of my examination; but as he asserts that his observations- were repeated, and with similar results, on all the species of Mosses: found in the neighbourhood of Paris and Lisle, I have chosen Funaria hygrometrica, perhaps the most general plant in existence; which therefore must have been. examined by him, and is within the reach of every one. | | As, according to M. Beauvois, the aetion of the pollen on. the seeds: does: not take place till the separation of the operculum, he probably. did not conceive it necessary to observe the capsule until it had aequired its full size, and was in fact. nearly ripe, ! or, ¥ 314 Mr. Brown’s Observations on the or, as he terms it, in blossom. At this period he examined under the microscope a transverse section of the capsule, in which, as appears both from his description and figure, he found a . dense stratum of granular matter, which he considered to be pollen, situated immediately within the inner membrane ; while in the substance occupying the centre, which he describes as reticulated, he observed scattered granules, in size and appear- ance like those of the pollen already mentioned: these he regards as the genuine seeds, and the containing oi gan he calls the capsule. It is remarkable that he no where expressly states the manner in which this capsule bursts: but it may be inferred, from the use he assigns to the peristomium, that he supposes it to cject its contents by the upper extremity: for, if the bursting were la- . teral, the seeds would at once come into contact with the pollen : but though impregnation would in this way more certainly be accomplished, the motions of the cili:& could no longer be con- sidered as in any degree assisting it. | Desirous to examine an object as nearly similar as possible to that on which the hypothesis appears to be founded, I in the first place made a transverse section of the full grown but green capsule of Funaria hygrometrica; and, I confess, was both sur- prised and disappointed to find it, under the microscope, exactly resembling M. Beauvois’ figure [18]. But little reflection, how- ever, was necessary to show that these scattered granules. might either have been forced into the pulpy central substance, by the pressure necessarily applied to the stratum of pollen in making the section, or, what is more probable, been carried over its surface by the cutting instrument, which had previously passed through this stratum. Accordingly, by repeated immersion in water, and more readily still by the careful application of a small hair pencil, Parts of Fructification in Mosses. $15 pencil, the greater part of the granules was removed. A trans- verse section at an earlier stage of the capsule, before the falling of the calyptra, exhibited, as I expected, fewer granules on the substance of the columella, and which were removeable in like z manner. Lastly, by a longitudinal section, in which, if well per- formed, the scalpel could not be supposed to carry any part of the pollen over the surface of the columella, I obtained a distinct view of this part, perfectly free from these supposed seeds, and evidently consisting of large cells filled with an uniform pulpy substance; a continuation of which occupied the cavity of the ọperculum. From these observations, even added to those of Schmidel and Hedwig, though they seem conclusive against the hypothesis of M. Beauvois, I by no means pretend to reason strictly re- specting the whole order: on the contrary, from the conversa- tions I have had with my ingenious and accurate friend Mr. Francis Bauer, as well as from some observations of my own, I am disposed to believe that considerable diversities may exist in the placentation of Mosses: that in some cases the seeds may be formed in a much greater portion of the columnula than in others: and it is even not improbable that in certain cases its whole substance may be converted into seeds; or, to speak more accurately, that it may produce seeds even to the centre, and that the cells in which they were probably formed may be re-ab- sorbed. This I am inclined to think is the case in Phascum al- ternifolium of Dickson, in*the ripe capsule of which there is. hardly the vestige of a columnula; and I have observed the same structure in two new species of Anodontium of Bridel; which, if it equally exists in the only species of this genus hitherto de- scribed, would perhaps considerably strengthen its cbaracter. In these cases the inner membrane is also-evanescent; and such a struc- * $16 Mr. Brown’s Observations on the a structure, it may be remarked, equally militates against M. Bexa- vois’ theory, whether we suppose the columella to have existed - atan earlier stage, in the usual form, or not. _ As to this organ being tubular, and discharging its contents by ` aye top, it is neither consistent with what has been already ob- served, nor with the appearance of its remains in the ripe cap- sule: but admitting for a moment its tubular nature, there are certain Mosses in which no discharge could possibly take place in the way described; the column being elongated even to the apex of the operculum, to which it often continues to adhere, as in Buabaumia, and in the first of the two new v genera which 1 now proceed to describe. | DAWSONIA. Peristomium penicillatum, ciliis numerosissimis capillaribus rectis | equalibus e capsule parietibus volue () ortis. Capsula hinc plana, indè convexa. - | dá Calyptra exterior e villis implexis, interior apice scabra. Muscus hinc arcté affinis Polytricho, quo cum foliis, floribus mas- culis, et calyptrá penitüs convenit; indè, aliquo. modo. Bux- baumiæ accedens, presertim figurá capsule, et structurá colu- melle. Peristomio autem ab omnibus diversissimus. | Dawsoxta POLYTA. ICHOIDES. Tas. XXIII. Be. 1. Patria. Nove Hollandiz ora orientalis, extra tropicum. Statıo. Ripe subumbrose rivulorum, ad os monta in vicinitate Portüs Jackson. — | Dzsc. Caspites laxi, amorphi. Radicule tenuissime, tomenti instar Parts of Fructification in Mosses. ` ae instar caudicem descendentem brevem investientes. Caulis simplicissimus, erectus, strictus, 2—3-uncialis, basi reliquiis - foliorum squamatus, suprà densé foliatus. Folia, e basi dila- . tata semiamplexicauli membranaceáà fusca, lineari-subulata, — opaca, viridia, marginibus longitudinaliter dorsoque apicis. P denticulatis, spinulis sursum crebrioribus majoribusque, con- caviuscula, patula, siccatione appressa, canaliculata, superiora vix semuncialia, inferiora sensim breviora. Masculi Flores terminales, discoidei. Folia perigonialia cuneato- orbiculata, mucronata, integerrima, semimembranacea, exte-. riora sensim majora. Fila succulenta numerosa, articulata, basi attenuata. Anthere flosculi singuli 6—8, cylindracez, bre- vissime pedicellate. Femineus Flos in distincto individuo. Seta terminalis, solitaria, erecta, levis, nitens, rufo-fusca, caule ter brevior, foliis termi- nalibus dupló longior. Vaginula cylindracea, stricta, glabra, tegmine pilorum calyptre exterioris instar instructa. Calyptra duplex: exterior constans pilis intertextis dimidio infe- | riore tenui flexuoso pallido ramuloso edentulo, superiore fer- rugineo stricto denticulato: inferior membranacea straminea, capsule mature subulata, suprà WE fissa, apice solüm denticulata. Capsula nutans, angulum ferè rectum cum seta efformans, ovata, per lentem ce iae ii areolis subrotundis, sordidé fusca; levis, nonnitens, suprà plana marginibus acutis, subtüs modice con- vexa ore coarctato, marginato. Apophysis nulla. Operculum conico-cylindraceum, capsulä brevius, apice lateris superioris in mucronern levissimé incurvum producto, basi in- crassatä, cum calyptris sepissime deciduum. Peristomium penicillum densum album referens, longitudine cir- citer dimidii capsule, formatum Ciis indeterminatim nu- VOL. X. 2T merosissimis 318 | Mr. Brown’s Observations on. the merosissimis (200 et ultra) capillaribus inarticulatis zequalibus rectis albis opacis, pluribus e capsule parietibus ortum du- |. centibus, centralibus (circiter 50) columellam terminantibus ! Membrana interior capsule maturæ exteriori approximata, vas- P . culisque numerosi$ connexa. M sella longitudine capsule matura, in qua latiuscula, cor- rugata, colli brevis margine incrassatä, intra cilias desinens in processum filiformem solidum indivisum apicem operculi at- tingentem eique arctius adhzrentem. Semina minutissima, levia, in cumulo viridia, seorsum hyalina. Oss. I. I have named this remarkable genus in honour of my esteemed friend Dawson Turner, Esq., a gentleman emi- . pently distinguished in every part of Cryptogamic botany, and from whom, after he has finished the incomparable work on Fuci, in which he is now engaged, we may expect a general history of Mosses. Obs. 11. The strict relationship between Dawsonia and Polytri- ^. chum in most respects, and the striking dissimilarity of their . peristomiums, may tend, perhaps, in some degree to lessen our confidence in the characters derived from that part; for there seems in this case but little analogy between the two struc- tures. "Ihe*better to understand that of Polytrichum, I was induced along with Mr. Turner to examine it in the unripe -eapsule: in this state the cavity of the operculum was found completely filled with a cellular pulp, similar to that composing the columella, of which it appeared evidently to be a continuation: to the surface of this pulp the teeth of the pe- ristomium were closely pressed, but did not adhere: by degrees ‚the pulp dries up, and in the ripe capsule leaves only the membrane or tympanum of an inorganic appearance, and firmly Parts of Fructification in Mosses. 319 firmly cohering with the teeth by the inner side of their apices. It dogs not therefore properly belong to the operculum, though in some cases it may adhere to it, as does the analogous process of the columella in Dawsonia and in several other Mosses. — The affinity of Dawsonia to Buzbaumia is certainly less strict ` than to Polytrichum, and rests chiefly on the similarity of the figure of the capsule, and in the central process of the colu- mella, which is still more evident in Burbaumia, where it forms part of the Linnean generic character, though unaccountably overlooked by Schmidel in his masterly dissertation ; but, if I mistake not, actually represented by him [in fig. 14, b, Z. c.], and confounded with the peristomium, which in this case, I suppose, had adhered to the operculum, as I have repeatedly found it to do, and thus escaped his notice. Hedwig consi- ders the plaited membrane which constitutes the peristomium of Buabaumia, as derived from the inner membrane of the capsule, and quotes the figure just mentioned of Schmidel in proof of this origin. In both species, however, I find it arisiag from the exterior membrane, though considerably within its margin, which in Buabaumia aphylla is said by Hedwig to be divided into teeth,—an appearance I could not observe in the few ripe capsules I have dissected. In other respects, the two species seem essentially to agree, and therefore ought not to be separated, as Ehrhart and some late writers have done. The generic character comprehending botb, ] would propose to alter in the following manner. se dan BUXBAUMIA. Capsula obliqua, hinc convexior, v. gibba. Peristomium intra marginem, quandoque dentatum, membran: exterioris ortum, tubulosum, plicatum, apice apertum. 243 LEPTO- 320 | . Mr. Brown’s Observations hi the LEPTOSTOMUM. Capsula oblonga, exsulca; Operculo hemispherico, mutiCo. Peristomium simplex, membranaceum, annulare, psum, indi- ` wisum, e membranä interiori ortum. e sci dense caspitosi. Caules erecti, annotino-ramosi. Folia un- dique modicé patentia, latiuscula, nervo valido, marginibus integris, revolutis, pilo (quandoque ramoso?) terminata. Seta terminalis. Capsula erecta, v. inclinans, basi in apophysin obconicam attenuata, ore coarctato. Calyptra glabra, levis, caduca. 1. L. inclinans, foliis ovato-oblongis obtusis; pilo simplici, cap- sulis inclinatis obovato-oblongis. Tas. XXIII. Fig. 2. Patria. Insula Van-Diemen. SrATIO. Rupes et saxa ad latus orientale prope summitatem Montis Tabularis Lat. Aust. 43°, elevatione supra mare 3000 ad 3500 ped. Se Desc. Muscus leté virens 2— 3-uncialis. Caules parüm divisi, infra tomento denso ferrugineo vestiti, suprà confertim fo- liati. Folia concaviuscula per lentem minutissimé punetato- areolata, pilo tortili ipso folio quater breviore. Seta fusca, levis. Vaginula infra stipata adductoribus pluribus filis- que succulentis capillaribus articulatis. dst 2. L. erectum, foliis oblongo-parabolicis obtusis; pilo simplici, capsulis erectis oblongis. Patria. Nove Holtahdies ora orientalis, extra tropicum. SrATIO. Rupes prope fluviorum ripas, in regione montana ; ad fluvios ERAS = et Grose. Desc. Muscus 2—3-uncialis. Caules simplices et subramosi, infra Parts of Fructification in Mosses.. - di 32r. infra tomento ferrugineo vestiti, suprà dense foliati. Folia siccatione parlım curvata et simul adpressa. Seta elongata, fusca, levis. Capsula zequilatera.. Operculum delapsum fuit. — | | > | 3. L. gracile, foliis ovato-oblongis acutiusculis; pilo simplici folii: dimidium zquante, capsulis oblongis zequilateris inclinatis. Parnia. Nova Zelandia. . SrAT10. Umbrosa humida (7?) ad Dusky. Bay. Dom.. Arch. Menzies.. Desc. Caulessubramosi.. Folia siccatione adpressa, areolato- punctata. Seta elongata, levis. Vaginula cylindracea, filis. succosis adductoribusque numerosis cincta. 4 L. Menziesii, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis; pilo simplici. folio quater breviore, capsulis oblongis inclinatis arcuato- recurvis.. : | Pırrıa. Americz Australis Staten-Land, ubi anno: 1787 de- texit Dom. Arch. Menzies, cujus amicitiz hanc et preeceden- tem speciem debeo.. = STATIO. ----- | | Desc. Muscus lætè virens, sesquiuncialis. Caules subsim- plices, basi ferrugineo-tomentosi, suprà confertim foliati. Folia erecto-patentia, siccatione adpressa, _minutissimé areolata, v. punctata.. Seta caulem sæpiùs superans, erecta, fusca, levis. Capsula subfalcata ad angulum acutum ra- riusve fer& rectum inclinans. — 1 Ogs. The plants which I have referred to this genus are all natives of the southern hemisphere, and in their habit, in which there is something peculiar, strictly agree with each _ other, and. with Bryum macrocarpum of Hedwig, In three of 322 Mr. Brown’s Observations on the of the four species here described, I have had the oppor- tunity of removing the operculum without having been able in any case to observe an external peristomium, which, from the appearance of these plants, might be expected to exist, and which Hedwig has figured in his Bryum macrocarpum. Of this plant I have only seen specimens that had lost the operculum : the mouth of the capsule, however, seemed to be very perfect, and was furnished with a membrane, exactly as in the species here described, but I could not perceive any remains of external teeth. In opposition to such authority, — however, I do not venture to add it to this genus, to which in every other respect it seems to belong* The character of Leptostomum, derived from the undivided annular process of the inner membrane of the capsule, may to many appear too minute, and perhaps unimportant ; and had it been observed in one species alone, I should not have ventured on that account to distinguish it as a genus: but finding it in four species, accompanied too with a habit . widely different from that of Gymnostomum, to which these plants must ótherwise be referred, I have not hesitated to employ it. As, however, Hedwig has actually figured and described an external peristomium in his Bryum macro- carpum, whose striking resemblance to Leptostomum has been already noticed, there may be still some reason to doubt the sufficiency of the generic character, and it may seem somewhat improbable that Mosses of such a habit should be really destitute of an outer peristomium. But, without questioning the accuracy of Hedwig in this instance, I may be permitted to observe, that the outer peristomium which he has figured in Bryum macrocarpum is extremely unlike that of any other genus where the fringe is double: | and Parts of Fructification in Mosses. 323 and it may perhaps in some degree tend to strengthen the character of Leptostomum, to advert to what appears to .be really the case in certain species of Pterogonium, in one of which * Mr. Hooker has already described the fringe as derived solely from the inner membrane; and I have collected, on the mountains of Van Diemen's Island, a- moss with a peristomium decidedly of like origin; a cir- cumstance that appeared to me so remarkable, that I had actually described it as a distinct genus, before I was aware of the similar structure of the Nepal plant described by Mr. Hooker; or of the probability, from’ Hedwig's own figures, that some at least of his Pterogonia were of the same structure; a point that I have not at present the means of determining, but which I beg leave to recommend to the attention of those botanists who are provided with perfect specimens of the published Pterogonia. EXPLICATIO TABULA XXIII. Pa 1. Dawsonia polytrichoides. a. Mascula planta magnitu- dine naturali. 6. Discus masc. auctus. c. Ejusdem flos unicus. d. Idem absque folio perigoniali, magisque auctus. e. Anthera et filum succulentum maxime aucta. f. Femineæ plante magn. nat. g. Vaginula cum foliis perichetialibus auctis. h. Capsula cum calyptra exteriori. 3. Pilicalyptre = exterioris magis aucti. j. Capsula cum operculo et calyptra . interiori. k. l. Capsula deoperculata cum peristomio. m. Cap- sul sectio ejusdem figuram insertionemque ciliarum os- - tendens. o. Calyptra interior. p. Operculum cum colu- * Pterogonium declinatum. Trans. Linn, Soc. ix. p. 309. i mellæ 324 On the Parts of Fructification in Mosses. melle processu filiformi. q. Columella ciliis suis terminata. r. Semina. s. Cilize peristomii auctae. Fig. 2. Leptostomum inclinans magnitudine naturali. w. Ejus- dem capsula aucta cum membrana annulari. f£. Operculum. y. Idem a basi visum cum annulo cohzrenti. XIII. Descrip- ERNEST c - ded ee er (928. ) | XIII. Description of Seven new Species of Testacea. By William George Maton, M.D. F.R.S. & A.S. and V.P.L.S. Read Nov. 7, 1809. Tus shells which I am about to describe were referred to me by the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., K.B., who received them from the estuary of the Rio de la Plata, and who, with his usual liberality, obligingly presented me with specimens, and permitted me to lay a description and figures of them before the Linnean Society. It is singular that so many new species should have been found collected together in one spot, and still more so, that no one species before described should have formed part of the as- semblage. I am induced to think that they were brought down together by some of the tributary streams of the Rio de la Plata, from interior parts of the South American continent not hitherto explored by conchologists; the name of one of these streams proves that it abounds with natural productions of this tribe, for it is called Rio di Conchas. Many of the bivalves were found enveloped in the gelatinous matrix (if it may be so denominated) in which they were first deposited, and to which probably all testa- ceous creatures remain attached (unless removed by mechanical violence) until the calcareous covering which is to form their pro- tection has acquired the requisite degree of firmness. In the present instance, this matriz, in its dry state, forms a tough, but VOL. X, 2U thin, 326 Dr. Maton’s Description of thin, semitransparent substance, not unlike bladder in texture, and soluble in nitrous acid. The young shells are attached to it by their epidermis, which, in fact, seems to be merely a mem- — branous expansion of the same substance, and to take its origin from it for the purpose of confining the animal during the for- mation of the shell. In some species, the attachment of the membrane is so loose, that it is thrown off very soon after the animal is set at liberty; but in others it remains firmly adhering to the calcareous matter during life. Most fluviatile shells retain this covering more or less entire, and it is the case with all the species hereunder described, in all their stages of growth. ‘The membrane by which the calcareous matter of the shell is se- creted, or deposited, is of a very different nature, and has a more immediate connexion with the contained animal. 1. Mya LABIATA. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 1,2, 3. : Mya testa subovali, valvis occlusissimis, alterius margine l abii instar) prominente. Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis. Testa firma, transversim striata, epidermide viridi, leviore, de- ciduá, intus margaritaceo-polita, anterius subrostrata. Cardinis dens alterius valve solidus, subcochleariformis, antrorsum por- rectus, foveæ triangulari valve opposite insertus. Margo hujus (è regione cardinis) quasi truncatus, illius rotundatus, subtenuis. Umbones parum prominentes. I have not mentioned the size of Mya labiata in the above de- scription, not thinking myself warranted so to do, unless I had seen a great number of specimens. ‘Those from which the cha- racters were taken are all of the same size, and about 1 inch in Bi. length, Seven new Species of Testacea. 327 length, and rather more than } an inch in width. It is one of the most remarkable bivalves with which I am acquainted, part of the margin of one of the valves projecting over the correspond- ing part of the other, so as, exactly, to resemble a lip. It is for- tunate when so striking a character presents itself, for the species cannot, in such circumstances, be mistaken. 9. Mya VARIABILIS. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7. Mya testa subrhombea, gibbosa, umbonibus longitudinaliter corrugatis, cardinis dentibus duobus, apice divergentibus, foveis linearibus invicem insertis. Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis. Testa transversim striata, rugis sensim evanescentibus, epider- mide viridescente-fuscá, intus margaritacea, cserulescens, 1 poll. longa (atate provectä), vix 1 poll. lata. Margo anterius suban- gulatus, apud cardinem rectus. Testa junior minus gibba, subrhomboidea, fragilis, subdia- phana, colore intus purpurascente, rugis multó prominentiori- bus et ferè ad marginem usque divergentibus. This species varies extremely in its structure and contour, ac- cording to its several stages of growth; and, if I had seen only the youngest and the oldest shells, without having had oppor- tunities of comparing those of intermediate ages with each, I should most probably have given them separate places in the genus. ‘There can be no doubt that many other testacea (espe- cially in the genera of Mya and Mytilus), at present considered as distinct species, will, from the occurrence of similar opportuni- ties, be found to owe their difference of form solely to difference of age. The most striking character in the younger specimens 2u2 of 328 Dr. Maton’s Description of of Mya variabilis is the radiating ruge, or plaits, which proceed . from the apex of the umbones, and cover nearly the whole of the shell. ‘This circumstance, added to some others, induced me, at first, to look upon this shell as a variety of Mya corrugata, of Müller ( Hist. Verm. terr. et fluv. 2. p. 214. n. 398), but, on con- sulting the figures of that species given in the Beschaft des Gesell. Naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, (tom. 4. p. 35. tab. 3. f. 7. 8), and by Schröter ( Flussconch. n. 182. tab. 9. f. 3), lat length decided to the contrary, its habit being totally different, though, from the ambiguity of the description given in Gmelin, I might have made a very gross mistake, had I been unable to consult the au- thors just mentioned. In fig. 6 of the plate annexed to this paper, it will be seen that the ruge, though so strong over the whole of the younger shell (fig. 5), are very indistinct as they pass towards the margin, and in fig. 4, the oldest of the three specimens, they are almost obsolete, except on the decorticated umbo : it will be remarked also, that the outline of the shell be- comes totally different at its full growth, gradually verging from a subrhomboidal, or somewhat obliquely oval, to a subrhombic or almost orbicular form. As these differences are so marked, no person, I conceive, who duly considers the facts which I have mentioned, will be liable to separate Mya variabilis into several species. | 3. TELLINA LIMOSA. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 8, 9, 10. . TeLtınAa testa zquivalvi, ovata, transversim striata, intus pur- purea, umbonibus acutiusculis prominentibus. Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis. Testa vix deos glabra, epidermide viridi, margine uS: $ pollicis longa, $ pollicis lata. Fig. 10. Seven new Species of Testacea. 329 Fig. 10. Testa junior, colore extus et intus pallidior, tenuior, - subdiaphana. : we I have no particular remarks to make on this species, except er that it has a good deal of the habit of a Mactra. Having no — — striking character, as to either its figure or colour, it is very liable to be confounded with some other species, though I have - endeavoured to describe it with precision; and, had the describers of those shells which are most nearly allied to it been less ambi- guous in their definitions, I should not fear that there would be any mistake in referring to its name. | . MYTILUS MEMBRANACEUS. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 11, 12. -~ Myrtus testa subrhombea, fragillima, margine anteriore an- gulata. Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis. Testa subdiaphana, 1 poll. longa et lata, subventricosa, feré membranacea, intus submargaritacea, glaberrima, transversim delicatissimé striata, colore extus viridescente, figura fere Mye variabilis senioris. Margo ad cardinem rectissimus. Cardo eden- tulus. Umbones acuti. I have given the trivial name of ran to this Mytilus, on account of its extremely thin and tender texture, which forms its most obvious character. The contour approaches so nearly to that of Mya variabilis in its perfect state, as to render it de- sirable that they should both be placed in the same genus, did not the hinges so materially differ: in fact, many of the Mye and Mytili belong to one natural family, and there is often much difficulty in determining under which name a particular species ought 330 Dr. Maton’s Description of ought to be placed, for Linnzus has not made the absence of teeth an indispensable character for a Mytilus, and some of that genus gape like the Mye at one extremity. 5. VOLUTA FLUVIATILIS. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 13. Vorvra testa subovali, pellucida, levi, columella bipliinig apertura integra. Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis. Testa vix à poll. longa, ultra 4 poll. lata, tenera, flavescente-vi- ridis, maculis brunneis transversim lineato-notata. Anfractus ro- tundati. Spira prominula. - 6. VoLUTA FLUMINEA. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 14, 15. VorumA testa obovata, cornea, longitudinaliter delicatissimé striata, apertura integra, columella biplicata, apice acuto, bre- vissimo. Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis. Testa magnitudine precedentis, at ventricosior, anfractibus magis depressis, apice veró tenuior, colore pallidior, obsolete li- neato-maculata, lineis distantioribus. These Volué@ are so nearly allied to each other, that I hesitated at first to consider them as distinct species; yet the characters given above, it is presumed, will sufficiently authorize their se- paration. The shape of V. fluviatilis is almost a perfect oval, but that of V. flumineais obliquely ovated. This variation might be attributed to difference of age, were not the specimens all of equal Seven new Species of Testacea. 331 equal size; and it ought, moreover, to be remarked, that the latter of these species is most beautifully striated, an appearance — — not distinguishable in the other, though perhaps obliterated — + chiefly by “the deeper colour and larger size of the spots, which show themselves very strongly quite through to the interior of the shell; the uppermost line of spots, however, on the gibbous part of V. fluminea, is pretty deeply marked. "There are but few fluviatile shells in this genus, and the two here described are not likely to be confounded with any of them. 7. Hxrix PLATE. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 16, 17. Hzrrx testa perforata, subglobosa, levi, alba, lineis transversis geminis, apertura interrupto-ovali, labio acutiusculo. Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis. Testa diametro $ pollicis, solidula, epidermide lutescente, li- neis purpurascente-brunneis nunc geminis, nunc solitariis et la- tioribus transversim cincta, labio lacteo in columellam apud umbilicum replicato. Anfractus 4—5, parum rotundati. Spira acuminata. | This is a very elegant species; but, as the number of Helices contained in Gmelin's edition of the Systema Nature is so large, I ought not to pronounce it new with too much confidence. No description given by that author, however, can I consider as applying to the shell which I have here. named; nor is the latter very liable to be confounded with others before known, because such of the fluviatile tribe as are elegantly banded are compara- tively few. I have -—— its trivial name from the ur. de la Plata. Before 332 Seven new Species of Testacea. Before I conclude this paper, I ought to express my obligation -to Mr. James D. Sowerby for the very accurate and excellent drawings with which he has kindly enabled me to illustrate the preceding descriptions, and without which my endeavours to render myself clearly understood might have been very far from being successful. XIV. An Zinn. Trans Vol X. Tab. 24. p.332. ( 333 ) XIV. An Account of several Plants, recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don, A.L.S., not mentioned in the Flora Bri- tannica nor English Botany. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. Read Nov. 21, and Dec. 5, 1809. NorwrrusrANDrNG the numerous additions to the British Flora, owing to the labour and acuteness of various observers, especially of Mr. Dickson, within the last 20 years, new discoveries, of the most interesting nature, are continually rewarding the zeal of new votaries to botany. I need only advert to the Burbaumia aphylla, the abundance of new Lichens, Fuci and Conferve, and the numerous Salices, which are amongst our more recent acqui- sitions, in proof of my assertion. "The richest harvest we have for a long time had, was commu- nicated to me in the course of last summer by Mr. George Don of Forfar, whose scientific merits and eminent zeal are sufficiently known to the Linnean Society. I have chosen a part of these treasures for the materials of my earliest tribute to the Society, at its first meeting for this season, after the long vacation. ‘The plants shall be enumerated in systematic order, with such re- marks as I may think useful or amusing to British. botanists, ac- companied by characters and descriptions of such species as, from their novelty na parity, may require that sort of illus- tration. | VOL. X. : 2 x 1. Aira 334 Dr. Suirn's Account of several Plants, 1. Arra levigata *, foliis planis; vaginis levissimis, paniculä coarctatä, petalis aris- tatis basi villosis, rachi glabra brevissima. Found on the high mountains of Clova in Angusshire, as well as at the sea-side near Dundee. In the former situation it is viviparous; in the latter not so. This grass appears to have been overlooked as a viviparous alpine variety of Aira cespitosa. At least, so Linnzus, who received it from Lapland by means of some one of his travelling pupils, considered it; and probably it is the supposed variety, mentioned on the authority of the Rev. Hugh Davies, in the Flora Britannica. Mr. Don, however, justly remarks, that it differs from the cespitosa in never being above a foot, or foot and half, high, even when cultivated in a rich moist soil; as wellas in the great smoothness of the herbage when drawn through the hand. For, though the edges of the leaves are rough, their sheaths and backs are remarkably smooth. My acute correspondent thought he had ascertained a further difference, in the absence of the woolliness at the base of the flowers. This, however, I find not exactly the case; but the remark has led to the detection of a curious specific character in those parts. This consists in the extreme shortness, and perfect smoothness or nakedness, of the little partial stalk which elevates one floret, while the very base of each floret is bearded. In A. caspitosa thep artial stalk itself is hairy all over, and of a much greater length than in our levigata. Mr. Don informs me that the latter flowers a month earlier than cespitosa. The root is fibrous and perennial. The examination of this grass in its viviparous state, teaches us one mode in which that phenomenon takes place, and which * Engl. Bot, t. 2102. - i is recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. 335 is perhaps the only mode with respect to grasses. "This is by an absolute transmutation, more or less complete, of the glumes of the corolla into leaves. That such is the case, is evident, not only from the change being mostly incomplete, part of the glume retaining its natural state, but also from the awn terminating the newly-formed leaf. Indeed it often seems as if the iower part only of the awn itself had become leaf, the glume which bears it remaining unchanged. "The gay petals of a tulip often become in part or entirely leaves. Why may not this happen to a grass ? It seems that the organs of impregnation are starved and obli- terated in such viviparous florets of this Aira, and not as some have supposed concerning other alpine viviparous grasses, that those parts are themselves transformed into a gemma, orleaf-bud ; still less is the leafy appearance caused by the seeds vegetating in their husks, as Lightfoot thought of Poa alpina, and perhaps Festuca vivipara. |t is possible indeed that the stamens, and even pistil, of all such grasses may be capable of change into leaves, as well as the corolla, though I have not found it so in this Aira. | 2. AvENA alpina*, paniculä ui subsimplici, calycibus subquinquefloris, recep- taculis apice barbatis, foliis serrulatis nudis ; vaginis scabris. Discovered in 1807, on rocks upon the summits of the highest entans of Clova, Angusshire. Itis perennial, flowering in June. - This is a very fine species of Avena, and, as far as I can discover, perfectly new. I was inclined to refer it to pubescens, with which it most agrees in general aspect, but is larger in every part, and | * Avena DRE Engl. Bot. t. 2141, and as I presume of Schrader’s: Fl, Germ. v. 1. 381. f. 6. f. 2; but Mr G. Don thinks otherwise, and denies the flatness of the stem in his plant. . 2x2 Mr. 336 Dr. Sstirn’s Account of several Plants, Mr. Don has indicated the following: differences, which I find to hold good. The roots form a compact tuft, and are not at all inclined to creep. The leaves are never clothed with soft hairs, nor are their edges even, as in. pubescens, but they are finely ser- rated, so that the two species are distinguishable, even in the dark, by the touch. Fn this last particular the leaves agree with pratensis, but differ from that in their rough and greatly elongated sheaths. The flowers differ from both those species, not only in their much greater size, but in their partial stalk, or rachis, the hairiness of which I observe to be crowded up into a very dense tuft, towards the base of each floret, not dispersed over the whole rachis. This species bears the same relationship to Avena pubescens, that my A. caryophyllea, Fl. Grec. t. 89, does to pratensis, being larger, with a greater number of florets in each calyx. I wish however that the caryophyllea might prove as permanently di- stinct; upon which subject I shall take this opportunity of making some observations. That was one of the few Greek grasses, drawn by Mr. Ferdinand Bauer, of which I could find no specimens in Dr. Sibthorp’s herbarium. I was therefore obliged to take their specific characters from the drawings; and I did so with confidence, having had such frequent expe- rience of the fidelity of this excellent artist. The rachis of this Avena being delineated quite smooth, and that part having been resorted to by Linnzus in this genus for his specific differences, I seized upon it, in conjunction with the greater number of florets, to establish a specific character. But I have lately discovered specimens of this grass, along with most, if not all, of the others of the Flora Greca that were in the same predicament, quite out of their places, confounded amongst a heap of rubbish, which I had supposed not to belong to the soe Baronum at all. "Thus ao then recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. 337 then I am enabled to have recourse to Nature herself; and I find the rachis is actually hairy, exactly in the peculiar manner of that of A. pratensis, the greater number of florets, being about double, constituting the only distinctive character of the caryo« phyllea; for its leaves are rough-edged, and scarcely less involute than those of pratensis. Such an occasional inaccuracy, in a science where such mul- tiplied observations are necessary, can by no means detract from the reputation of Mr. Bauer, or any other artist. His original discoveries, and frequent improvements upon other observers, place him far out of the reach of any depreciation. ‘The same ‘may justly be said of the indefatigable Dr. Sibthorp, under whose inspection the drawing was made. Truth however renders my notice of the mistake indispensable. 3. ArunDo neglecta*, calycibus unifloris corollam equantibus, panicula erecta diffusa, floribus sparsis erectis aristatis, stipulà brevissima. . A. neglecta. Ehrhart Calamarie n. 118. Discovered in June 1807, in a marsli called the White Mire, one mile from Forfar. Mr. Don never noticed it any where else, nor have I ever before seen any other specimens than the Upsal one in Ehrhart's Calamarie; another sent by Dr. Swartz from Sweden, named “ A. stricta of Timm,” but not to be found in the Flora Megalopolitana ; and a third in the Linnean herbarium, laid into Agrostis, without a name, but with a Swedish inscription, signifying that “ it was found by Solander on the Lapland alps, in Westbothland and at Ljumkil, and is very different from * Arundo stricta. Engl. Bot. 1,2160, Schrad. Germ, v. 1. 915. t. 4. f. 5» ied Agrostis , 338 Dr. Smitu’s Account of several Plants, Agrostis arundinacea in its flowers, not to mention the smallness of its leaves.” | | In fact, this plant is next akin to Agrostis arundinacea, and like that is surely an Arundo, according to Linnxus’s original deter- mination in the Flora Lapponica. They both belong indeed to the genus which some have separated from Arundo, by the bad name of Calamagrostis, distinguished by having only 1 floret in each calyx, as do likewise Arundo Calamagrostis and Agrostis Calamagrostis of Linneus. It seems to me that p may all very naturally be referred to Arundo. Arundo neglecta is by far the smallest British species of its ge- nus, being scarcely 2 feet high. It has something of the habit of A. Calamagrostis, but differs from that, as well as from all the species just mentioned, in having the glumes of the calyx simpl y acute, without any elongated point. ‘The corolla moreover is as long as the calyx; its glumes abrupt and jagged, the larger bear- ing a short dorsal awn, scarcely projecting beyond the calyx, and not, like that of Agrostis arundinacea, twice as long. "The root is creeping. Stem simple, with 2 joints, smooth, as are also the sheaths. The leaves are narrow, acute, rough on the upper surface and edge. Stipula very short, abrupt and entire. Panicle of a purplish or bronze-coloured brown. It must be confessed that the first grass, described in the pre- sent paper, comes very near these just referred to Arundo, in the generic character founded on the hairs at the base of the corolla. But the hairs of Aira levigata form a tuft at the base of the outer glume only, and, from the analogy of Aira caspitosa, should seem rather to belong to the rachis than to the glume itself, how- ever closely approximated to the latter. ‘They do not, as in Arundo, grow out of, and entirely encompass, both glumes of the corolla. | 4. Cux- recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. 339 4. CHEROPHYLLUM aureum*, caule tumidiusculo anguloso subpiloso, foliolis pinnatifidis acutis incisis, seminibus coloratis costatis. | Ch. aureum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.370; nec Mant. 356. Jacq: Austr. v. 1. 40. t. 64. | Cerefolium n. 749. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 328. K Myrrhis perennis alba minor, foliis hirsutis, semine aureo. Rupp. Jen. ed. Hall. 282. t. 5. Found between Arbroath and Montrose, in the borders of fields; also at Corstorphine near Edinburgh ; flowering in June. This species would scarcely be recognised by the specific name, which alludes to.a very slight yellowness, or rather tawniness, in the ripe seeds. Linnzus originally confounded it with Chero- phyllum hirsutum, from which it differs, even generically accord- ing to Haller, in not having furrowed but ribbed seeds. This difference escapés my powers of observation. More certain ones are to be found in the short soft deflexed pubescence, rarely en- tirely wanting, on the stem of our plant, with a few coarse hairs occasionally superadded, like those of hirsutum, but more de- flexed: in the narrow, pinnatifid, sharp and elongated leaflets: and in the less dilated edges of the common footstalks, whose very base however, in the lower leaves, is remarkably annular and abrupt. The flowers are cream-coloured, with a reddish tinge occasionally. "There are often one or two leaves of a general in- volucrum : the partial one consists of several ovate, pointed, fringed whitish leaflets. Seeds longish, with 3 elevated obtuse palish ribs to each. Styles permanent, divaricated. s . The description under this name in the Mantissa altera was 5s Engl. Bot. t. 2103. ad i made $40 Dr. SuxTn's Account of several Plants, made from an imperfect specimen of Cherophyllum temulentum, accidentally mistaken for the aureum, from which it widely differs. 5. SAXIFRAGA pedatifida, foliis radicalibus reniformibus pedatifido- septemlobis ; caulinis palmatis linearibusque, caule subnudo ramoso, petalis lineari- obovatis. S. pedatifida. Ehrhart Exsicc. n. 15. S. quinquefida. Donn Cant. ed. 5. 107. Found (by Mr. George Don) on the mountains of Clova, An- gusshire. The same was sent to the Cambridge garden, some years since, from the Highlands, by the late Mr. J. Mackay. It comes nearest to S. geranioides, with which the Swiss botanists seem to have confounded it, but differs in the pedate form of the radical leaves, which are divided almost to the base, their lobes narrower and blunter than in that species.. The petals too are much narrower, and the calyx-teeth less elongated after flowering. The true S. petrea, Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 81,a plant known to very few botanists, has leaves divided in a somewhat similar manner, but the stem is much more leafy, and the petals emar- ginate, as in Pona's and Jacquin's figures. | 6. Saxtrraca elongella, ree foliis aristatis trifidis quinquefidisve: basi elongatis ; superioribus linearibus indivisis, pedunculis longissimis nudis. - S. elongella. Donn Cant. ed. 5. 107 ; ex nomine. Gathered on a rock by a river called Lintrathen, a mile and half north of Airly castle, Angusshire. "The late Mr. J. Mackay sent it formerly to Cambridge; at least if I am right in the sy- | nonym, recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. — 341 nonym, which cannot at this season be determined. Mr. George Don has favoured me with wild as well as cultivated specimens. The stems creep to some extent, throwing out numerous short | leafy branches. Some of the leaves are linear and undivided ; | others, from a long narrow base, divide suddenly into 3 equal oblong lobes, the 2 outermost of which have sometimes a short. levered lobe; all are more or less fringed with soft hairs, and tipped with a small bristle. Neither the lobed nor the undivided leaves seem exclusively appropriated to any particular part of the plant, but those on the upper part of the flowering branches are always undivided. Such branches are erect, bearing seldom — — more than one large white flower, on a remarkable naked stalk, usually two inches long, erect and slightly glandular. In one lux- uriant cultivated specimen there are five flowers on one branch. The germen is inferior. Calyx-teeth ovate. Petals obovate, en- tire, with three slender ribs separating a little above the base. 7. SaxirRAGA platypetala, foliis aristatis trifidis quinquefidisve, stolonibus procumbentibus, caule subfolioso, petalis obovato-orbiculatis. Found on the mountains of Clova in Angusshire. We have the same gathered by Mr. D. Turner upon Snowdon. It has the habit of S. hypnoides; but the leaves are almost universally divided into three, sometimes five, lobes, a few on the upper part of the flowering stem only being undivided. The petals moreover are very different, being twice as broad, and almost orbicular, . with three ribs, of which the central one is often deeply divided, while the others sometimes throw off numerous lateral branches towards the edge of the petal. voL Xe 2 y. 8. LYCHNIS ‚342 Dr. Suıru’s Account of several Plants, 8. Lycunts alpina, glabra, petalis bifidis, floribus corymbosis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis. — L. alpina. Linn. Sp. Pl. 626. Fl. Dan. t. 65. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 9. 809. . Silene lapponica alpina, facie viscarie. Linn. Fl. Lapp. n. 185. On rocks near the summit of Clova in Angusshire, but very rare; first observed by Mr. Don in 1795. This is a very pretty species, found in Switzerland, as well as on the Lapland mountains, so that we cannot wonder at its being a native of Scotland also, though never noticed before. Itre- sembles Lychnis Viscaria, but is smaller and not viscid. Some strange confusion has crept into the descriptions of this plant. Linnzus in his Flora Lapponica makes it a Silene, saying the styles are three., In the Species Plantarum it is properly referred to Lychnis, without mention of any anomaly in the number of the styles, which therefore must be understood to be five; but in the Systema Vegetabilium they are said to be four, and the petals are there described as destitute of a crown. Now in the original manuscript of Linnzus's Lapland Tour, where he first describes the plant in question, the styles are asserted to be five, and the petals to have a crown, formed of two teeth upon each petal, their border moreover being cloven half way down. Haller, in Act. Helvet. v. 6. 13. n. 46, says the petals are “ plaited at their. "dis im with tumours but without auricles,” and that “the styles are five." These two last accounts, taken from nature, may safely be relied on, and they agree with what I am able to discover in dried spe- cimens, where I find the petals as distinetly crowned as in any | Lychnis or Silene whatever. Willdenow is reprehensible for copying the erroneous specific character from the Systema Vege- tabilium as if it were taken not from Linneus but from Oeder in ! A^ recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. 343 in the Flora Danica, who says nothing at all like it. It is re- markable however that Haller, in the first edition of his Flora, describes only three styles. Could this be copied from Linnzus a whose original error seems to have arisen from the obscurity « a figure in his own manuscript? It is, after all, possible that 1 styles may vary in number from three to five. T 9. PorENTILLA tridentata, foliis ternatis cuneiformibus : suprà glabris: subtüs pilosis: apice tride — y er | | ^ SP: tridentata. Ait. H. Kew. v. 2. 216. t. 9. Willd. Sp. Pl.v. 2.1110. ‘Discovered last summer on a mountain called Werron, and on some others to the westward, all in Angusshire. This, in Mr. Don's opinion, equals any of its genus, if it does not surpass them all, in point of beauty. It is not honoured with much di- stinction in our gardens, though sometimes seen there. The flowers are white. The plant in Fl. Danica, t. 799, P. retusa Retz. Prodr. 123, cited by Willdenow, has hairy leaves and yellow flowers, and must certainly be a different species. E 10. Ranuncutus alpestris, folis glaberrimis: radicalibus subcordatis. obtusis tripartitis lobatis; caulino lanceolato integerrimo, caule subunifloro. R.alpestris. Linn. Sp. Pl. 778. Jacq. Austr. t. 110. | — By the sides of little rills, and in other moist places, about two or three rocks on the mountain of Clova, Angusshire, very rare, and but seldom flowering. Mr. Don suggests that “its herbage, bearing a great resemblance to several of its kindred, may easily. have been overlooked, but when in blossom it is truly a splendid ` plant.” ‘The petals are inversely heartshaped, ofa brilliant white. 2x2 | | Calyx LJ S44 — Dr. Suirn’s Account of several Plants, Calyx smooth, bordered with white. The stem-leaf is often ternate. The radical ones, as Linnzeus remarks, greatly resemble those of R. aquatilis that float on the surface, and in watery places may be mistaken for them. 11. COCHLEARIA groenlandica, foliis reniformibus carnosis integerrimis, siliculis globosis. E groenlandica. - Linn. Sp. Pl. 904. C. minima, erecta et Hon insulae Rahoaniant- Willius in Bartholin. Act. Hafnie, v. 3. 143. f. 144. . Found on the mountains of Clova, Angusshire, and Loch-ne- gare, in August 1807. Mr. Don's specimen agrees with the au- thentie one in the Linnean herbarium, and with Bartholin’s two | figures, especially with that which is branched. The radical leaves are extremely fleshy, convex beneath, about the size of a split pea, entire, and grow on long stalks. One or two of the stem- leaves are nearly sessile, more oblong, and approach towards the shape of C. anglica, having occasionally a tooth at each side of their elongated base. The pouch is globose, with a short style, as in C. officinalis, of which this may possibly be a variety, but it is not the same with the groenlandica of Withering. It is remark- able that the plant published by Bartholin is said to flower on the sea-shore in April, and to disappear entirely by the month of July; whereas Mr. Don gathered his in full bloom in August. May the alpine situation of the latter cause such a difference : ? The flowers are large, tinged with purple. | 12. CREPIS pulchra, foliis pubescentibus dentatis; caulinis subsagittatis, caule pani- culato corymboso, calycibus pyramidatis glabris. C. pulchra. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1134. : Hieracium recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. 345 Hieracium pulchrum. Bauh. Hist. v. 2. 1025. H. montanum alterum leptomacrocaulon. Column. Ecphr. 248. t. 249. i Lapsana ehondrilloides. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 812. Found in 1796 amongst crumbling rocks on the hill of Turin, to the east of Forfar. gee The plant is not at present known in our gardens, though sé l to have been cultivated at Chelsea in Rand's time; see Hort. Kew. Mr. Don rightly determined it to be a Crepis, and the Linnzan specimen decides its species. ‘Fhe flowers are small and inconspicuous, of a pale yellow. Each. calyx-leaf acquires a strong prominent smooth rib as the seed ripens. — | _ This plant appears in two places in the Ist edition of Spec. Plant. but in the 2d the Lapsana is made a variety 8, which is still incorreet, for it is precisely one and the same in every respect. My worthy friend Dr. Afzelius once told me an amusing anecdote to account for the specifie name of this Crepis. The Queen of Sweden, Louisa Ulrica, celebrated as the great pa- troness of Linneus, used frequently, in her visits to the U psal garden, to jest with him for his valuing many mean or ill-looking plants, im which she could see nothing to admire. Coming to this little Crepis, which is far from ornamental, in oue of her walks with the Professor, the Queen exclaimed, “This E suppose you call a pretty plant!” Linneeus replied, “ The plant has as yet not been called any thing; but Your Majesty has given it a name which shall certainly be adopted.” He therefore called it Crepis pulehra. The old synonym of Bauhin, Hieracium pulchrum, may seem to invalidate this story, but will not be found to do so in reality; as, though it might afford the precise name, the idea might nevertheless be suggested to Linneus by the Queen. 13. ERI- Lo d 346 — Dr. Smiru’s Account of several Plants, 4c. 13. ERIGERON uniflorum; caulibus RES calyce villoso, radio erecto subtubuloso. E. uniflorum. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1211. Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. 250. t. 9.53. - Grows on Ben Lawers, and on rocks by the side of the river Almond, near Lindoch, seven miles from Perth. Mr. Don remarks. that the chfef distinction between this and the alpinum, Engl. Bot t. 464, is, that in uniflorum the florets of the radius are more, slender, and seem to be tubular, always upright, and never be- coming patent as in alpinum. They are also of a deeper colour, and the disk is constantly of a dark purple approaching to black, instead of a light yellow. To this we may add, that the calyx is always much more villose, forming, as Linneus says, a hispid globe before it opens. The radius seems to be often white, and hence he compares it to a daisy. Its erect position remains when dry, and a liberty appears to have been taken by the draughtsman of the Flora Lapponica, who certainly saw only a dried specimen, of making it spread almost horizontally. er There can in future be no difficulty in distinguishing these two species. Each of them is liable to bear several flowers on a stem when cultivated. Both grow in Switzerland as well as in Scot- land; but we have seen only the uniflorum from Lapland, though it appears by Fl. Danica, t. 292, that the alpinum is found on the mountains of Norway and Iceland: and indeed Linnzus in bis. Lapland Tour describes his plant with a yellow disk, and sketches the radius in a rather spreading posture; so that, though he pre- served the uniflorum only, he might possibly gather Both, and at that time confound them. Norwich, Nov. 6—830, 1809. XV. Descriptions 2d 25 / AN: Descriptions Of Seven new PET of Apion. By the Rev. William Kirby, F.L.S. | ` | . Read December 5, 1809. I sze leave to offer to the Linnean Society a description of some species of Apion which I have met with since my paper* upon that genus was printed, together with a few additional remarks upon some of those already described. 62. APION GENISTE. A. nigrum albido-villosum, elytris villoso-cinereis : vitta fectá albidä, pedibus rufis: plantis atris. a _ Long. Corp. 13 lin. Habitat in adlie. Genistä tinctoriá. Dom. Scales. Mus. Dom. Marsham, Milne, Scales, Spence, Geo. Sowerby, nostr. . DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, pilis decumbentibus albidis incanum. CaruT rariüs pilosum. Rostrum mediocre, filiforme, de- orsum spectans, subarcuatum, nitidum, pone antennas ` incrassatum. Antenne apud basin rostro subtus insert, mediocres nigra: articulo primo rufo. Oculi magni, ai. Truncus subglobosus, antice angustior, excavato-punc- * Trans. Linn, Soc. vol. ix. p. 1. tatus: > 348 | Mr. Kirby's Descriptions of tatus: punctis distinctis, ante scutellum lineolà ex- aratus. Pedes rufi: coxis femorum trochanteribus tar- sisque nigris. Coleoptra oblonga, striata, ex flavescente cinerea, qui color ex pilis decumbentibus exoritur: vittà intermedia rectá lata villoso-albida, que tamen ad apicem haud attingit, in utroque eir notanda ; margo itidem lateralis paululàm albescit. Obs.— Puncta et lineola thoracica nisi pilis abrasis via facile conspi- cienda. This species very much resembles 4. melanopum (Linn. Trans. ix. 19. 2), which it should follow; but the rostrum is thicker, the first joint only of the antennz is rufous, the trunk is proportionally wider, the thighs are entirely rufous, the very extremity of the base only excepted, the hip-joints are black, and the elytra, instead of a narrow oblique streak, have a broad straight stripe of white, which runs nearly to the end. | 63. APION LEEVICOLLE. A. atrum glabrum, fronte sulcatä, femoribus testaccis, trunco leviusculo, coleoptris globoso-ovatis gibbis. Long. Corp. 13 lin. Habitat in Anglia. In Cantio a nobis bis lectum wstate hujus (1809) anni. Maus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, nitidum, glabrum. Carur vix punctatum, inter oculos sulcatum : sulculis circiter tribus. Rostrum fere mediocre, crassiusculum, in medio paululim incrassatum, obsoletiüs ruguloso- punctatum. Antenne mediocres, paulo pone medium rostro insidentes. TRUNCUS Seven new Species of Apion. T sg Troncus cylindricus, capite vix latior, levissimó punc- tulatus, ante scutellum fossulä satis impressá notatus. Femora omnia cum trochanteribus, item Cove anteriores - duz, flavo-testacea. Tibie antice rufze basi dilutiores, posteriores quatuor nigro-picee basi annulo flavo-testa- ceo. Tarsi nigri. Coleoptra subglobosa sive ex glo- boso ovata, gibba, striata: striis subpunctatis. ! This species should be placed after A. flavifemoratum (Linn. Trans. ix. 42. 23.) to which it is very nearly related: it is however quite distinct, and may always be known by the very slight puncta- tion of its trunk,and the deep fossula just above the scutellum. The rostrum also is thicker than even that of the male of the species just referred to, and the little furrows too between the eyes afford a good character. I think it was taken, but am not quite certain, in the parish of Wittersham in the Isle of Ozney in Kent, a spot which abounds with insects, particularly Hymenoptera. 3 64. APION VELOX. A. atrum, rostro breviori crassiusculo, coleoptris obovatis sulcatis : - sulcorum interstitiis angustissimis. Long. Corp. i—1 lin. Habitat in Anglià. In Salice capreá a Dom. Sheppard sæpiùs lectum currens velociter. Mus. Dom. Sheppard, Geo. Sowerby, Wilkin, nostr. | | DESCR. CORPUS atrum, pilositate parva albicanti paululüm _ obscuratum. Carvur inter oculos confluenter rugulosum. Rostrum bre- vius, crassum, leve. Antenne sublongiores, pone me- YOL. X. e qz dium 350 Mr. Kırzy’s Descriptions of dium rostro insidentes: clava albido-villosä. Oculi ad- modum magni, subprominuli. Truncus teretiusculus, medio paulö latior, confluenter punctatus, lineolà obsoletiori ante scutellum impressus. Coleoptra ex globoso obovata, sulcata: sulcis interstitiis ipsis latioribus, concinne et impressé punctatis. This species may be placed after A. ebeninum (Linn. Trans. ix. 55. 34.) to which it is allied. It differs from it not only in size, being very much smaller, but the rostram also is shorter and thicker, the trunk is of a different shape, rough with confluent points, and exhibiting a very faint trace of an impressed line or point at the scutellum. From A. brevirostre, (Linn. Trans. ix. 68. 51.) which it also somewhat resembles, it is sufficiently and indeed strikingly distinguished by the unusual width of the furrows of the elytra, and their very narrow ridge-like interstices. Mr. Sheppard informs me that it runs uncommonly fast for an insect of this genus. Mr. George Sowerby has also taken it, who gave me my specimens. 65. APION PUBESCENS. A. atrum piloso-incanum, thorace brevi postice lineolä impresso, rostro mediocri. | Long. Corp. 1 lin. circiter. Habitat in Anglià. Ex Mus. Dom. Hall. DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, nitidiusculum, totum pilis albican- - tibus incanum. | Capur thorace pauló brevius, inter oculos leeviusculum. Rostrum filiforme, mediocre, satis arcuatum. Antenne postice, mediocres. Oculi magni, prominuli. | : Trouncus ~ Seven new Species of Apion. 951 Truncus brevis, teretiusculus, postice latior, punctulatus, ante scutellum lineolä exaratus. Coleoptra ovata, striata: striis subpunctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis. Obs. Maris rostrum brevius, crassius, leviter arcuatum. This species should follow A. atomarium, (Linn. Trans. ix. 59. 40.) which it very much resembles: the head however is longer, the rostrum in both sexes shorter, the trunk is more conspicuously punctulate with a very visible dorsal channel, the interstices also of the furrows of the elytra are wider and flatter, and the furrows themselves less conspicuously punctate. 66. APION SIMILE. A. atrum, coleoptris obovatis zneo-nigris subsericeo-nitidis, rostro femineo longiori. Long. Corp. 1— i4 lin. Habitat in Anglià. Apud Hunstanton in Norfoleiä in maritimis a nobis semel lectum. Mus. Dom. Marsham, W. J. Hooker, nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum ex pube quädam parva obscurum. — Carvr. Rostrum longius, filiforme, leviter arcuatum, apice nitidum, in medio subincrassatum. Antenne mediocres, pone medium rostro insidentes. Oculi magni, sub- immersi. Truncus subcylindricus, confluenter punctatus, lineolä ante scutellum exaratus. Coleoptra obovata, nigra, :eneo, sed levissime, tincta, subsericeo-nitida, striata: striis _ subpunctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis. Obs. Maris rostrum brevius et quàm femine crassius. Elytrorum nitor sericeus ex rugulositate quádam, sed levissimá, exoritur. 222 A. simile x 352 Mr. Krrey’s Descriptions of A. simile is nearly related to and should follow the preceding - species, but it is less hairy; the rostrum is longer, its coleoptra are more obovate, have an neous tint, and reflect, although faintly, a sericeous lustre. It is also not unlike A. seniculus, (Linn. Trans. ix. 61. 43.) but it is less hairy, and proportionally wider. | 67. APION ANGUSTATUM. A. atrum subangustum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris oblongis sulcatis, scutello canaliculato. Apion angustatum. Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. Apion Meliloti var. 8. Kirby in Linn. Trans. ix. 64. 46. | Long. Corp. 1$ lin. Habitat in Suecià. Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, angustum satis, ex pilositate obscu- rum et leviter incanum. . Carvr longum admodum, punctatum, inter oculos rugu- losum. . Rostrum longius, subfiliforme, arcuatum, levis- sime punctulatum, ante antennas nitidum. Antenne me- - diocres, pone medium rostro insidentes. Oculi prominuli. Truncus ex globoso teretiusculus, confluenter puncta- tus, ante scutellum lineolá satis impressá exaratus. Scu- tellum, quod singulare, canaliculatum. Coleoptra ob- longa, sulcata : sulcis interstitiorum fere Meat. im- pressé punctatis. . In my description of A. Meliloti, I intimated a suspicion that var. 8 might prove a distinct species; but as I had then seen only two specimens of the former insect, I did not venture to separate them. Having since taken several, none of which varied from Seven new Species of Apion. 353 from w in the slightest degree, I was induced to compare ß with it again. ‘The result of this comparison was the conviction that they ought to be given as distinct species; for, exclusive of the difference of size which is considerable for such minute insects, the body of A.angustatum is more hairy and obscure ; the head be- tween the eyes has no concavity, and is differently sculptured ; the trunk and coleoptra, which last are proportionally shorter, are of a shape rather different, the former inclining a little more toa globose form, and the latter being more oblong; the minute scu- tellum is distinguished by a longitudinal channel, and the fur- rows of the elytra are wider in proportion. | \ 68. APION SCUTELLARE. A. atrum subangustum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris obovatis sulcatis, scutello elongato. £ Long. Corp. 15 lin. Habitat in Anglià semel lectum. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS admodüm angustum, atrum, ex pilositate parva subincanum et obscurum. Capur thorace paulo brevius, inter oculos striatulum. Rostrum longius, filiforme, arcuatum, ante antennas sub- attenuatum apice ipso iterum paululum dilatato. An- tenne breviores, pone medium rostro insidentes, nitidi- uscule. Oculi immersi. Truncus teretiusculus, anticé paulo angustior, conflu- . enter punctatus, ante scutellum fossulä exaratus. Scu- tellum quam obtinet plerumque in hoc. genere longius. Coleoptra ex oblongo obovata, sulcata: sulcis intersti- tiorum feré latitudine, punctatis. I had 354 Mr. Kinsv's Descriptions of Ihad put by this insect also, as a variety of A. Meliloti, but upon further inspectión I am convinced it is distinct: it is inter- mediate between it and A. angustatum, which should stand first in the series. From A. Meliloti, which it most resembles, it may be distinguished by having a rather longer rostrum, a more hairy body, eyes less prominent, elytra black with wider furrows, a longer scutellum, and no concavity between the eyes. From A. angustatum, with which it agrees in its plane front, hairy body, and sulcate elytra, it differs in those other characters which di- stinguish 4. Meliloti from that species. ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS. My learned and very ingenious friend, and coadjutor in an in- tended Introduction to Entomology, William Spence, Esq. F.L.S. whose eye nothing escapes, in a letter lately received, directed my attention to the trochanters (for by this name, in the work above alluded to, we have agreed to distinguish what 1 formerly called the second or femoral joint of the apophysis) in Apion as differently circumstanced from those of other Coleopterous genera; and upon examination I find that they are so fixed to the base of the thighs as to intercept them from coming at all in contact with the coxz (or my first joint of the apophysis); which circum- stance, although it invariably takes place in Hymenopterous in- sects, is observable in no Coleoptera that I have had an oppor- tunity to examine, not even in the cognate tribes of Curculionidae, or insects that have their antenne seated on a rostrum. ‘The general law in this order is for the exterior and longer angle of the base of the thigh at least, to touch the coza, if it does not in- osculate Seven new Species of Apion. 355 osculate with it; and, to permit this, the ¢rochanter is set on very obliquely, and so that this angle goes beyond it: whereas in Apion the apex of the trochanter forms nearly a transverse or very slightly oblique line with the base of the thigh, and intercepts it inits whole width. This peculiarity strongly substantiates its claim to be considered as a distinct genus. When I constructed the Character Naturalis of Apion, I was not aware that the term Epigastrium had been employed by Linné upon one occasion, and probably in the very sense in which I used it. See Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 647. 4. under Cantharis rufa. I shall now add a few remarks upon some of the species for- merly described. Apion Malve (Linn. Trans. ix. 20. 3.) Obs. 1. Core omnes nigre, sed irochanteres testacei sunt, quod etiam obtinet in A. ver- nali (21. 4.) Obs. 2. Maris rostrum paulà brevius et crassius est, et fere totum albido pilosum. | Apion Cracce (29. 12.) Var. B Antennis totis nigris. Dom. Spence. — Apion Vicia (31. 14.) Cove nigre. — Femora antica trochanteribus rufis. Dom. Spence. Apion Malvarum (33. 16.) Core nigre. Femora omnia trochan- teribus rufis, sed posticis obscure. Apion rufirostre (35. 17.) Core omnes cum femorum trochan- teribus flavee. Dom. Spence. | Mr. Leach informs me that he has occasionally taken this species in coitu with A. Malvarum. Apion nigritarse (36. 18.) Femina. Core 4 anteriores cum trochan- teribus omnibus flave. Mas. Core 2 anteriores cum tro- chanteribus omnibus rufe. Apion 856 Mr. Kırzy’s Descriptions of Apion flavipes (37. 19.) Core 2 anteriores nunc nigre nunc flavie, reliquis nigris, femorum trochanteribus flavis. Dom. Spence. : | Apion pallipes (38. 20.) Cove omnes, item trochanteres, flave. Apion assimile et flavifemoratum (42. 22, 23.) Cove duse anteriores, cum trochanteribus omnibus, rufe. Dom. Spence. Apion Sorbi (40. 25.) In quibusdam speciminibus Caput inter oculos bistriatum. Dom. Spence. Apion punctifrons (50. 28.) Femina rostro longiori tenuiori. I took several specimens of this Apion in the sandpits under Charlton-IWood near Woolwich in the autumn of the present year, 1809. Apion marchicum (54. 33.) Var. B Elytris viridescente-czruleis : striä suturali in medio vix reliquis profundiori. Obs. Mas rostro breviori sed vix crassiori. Apion Astragali (55. 35.) Var. 8 taken by Mr. Atkinson of Leeds in Yorkshire, in June and July 1809, on the only plant of Astragalus glyciphyllus he ever met with in that county. Apion Spencii (57. 37.) Ex pluribus speciminibus inter se collatis Nomen Specificum sic emendandum. A. atrum piloso-obscurum, fronte striatá, thorace canaliculato utrinque foveato, coleoptris atro-czruleis viridescentibusve. K. Obs. Femina rostro longiori tenuiori. Dom. Spence. Apion unicolor (58. 39.) Nomen specificum sic emendandum, cum. specimina plura puncta gemina elevata rostri exhibeant. A. atrum subpilosum, coleoptris oblongis, rostro puncto gemino elevato. K. Obs. Femina rostro longiori tenuiori. Dom. Spence. Apion Seniculus (61. 43.) Oculi majores quàm in A. tenui. Apion Meliloti (64. 46.) Caput inter oculos potiüs striatum. Mas rostro pauló breviori sed vix quàm femine crassiori. I took several Seven new Species of Apion. 357 several this autumn (1809) in the sand-pits under Charlton- Wood, near Woolwich. Apion violaceum (65. 47.) Var. 8. Elytris viridescentibus. Var. y. Fronte vix canaliculatá, capite thoraceque, sed levissime, aeneo tinctis, elytris viridescente-caeruleo nitidulis. An idem ? Ex Mus. Dom. Hall. Ä Apion Onopordi (71. 54.) Habitat etiam in Rumice et Carduis. Dom. Spence. A me nunquam nisi in Onopordo lectum. K. Apion Radiolus et ovurum (73. 56, 57.) From a further examination of Mr. Marsham’s specimen of 4. Radiolus I am convinced that A. orurum is merely a variety of it, differing in nothing but the black colour of its elytra, and the hairs which are scattered over it. In old specimens the hairs are often rubbed off. I therefore would expunge A. orurum. VoL. X. SX XVI. Account (888. F belongisg to the Natural Order of Leguminose. By Mr. George XVI. dee of Ormosia, a new Genus of Decandrous Plants Jacksoh, F.L.S. Read February 6, 1810. Anonesr a fine collection of Guiana plants in the herbarium of A. B. Lambert, Esq. there are several specimens of a plant with velvety branches, rigid pinnate leaves, and papilionaceous flowers; the calyx bilabiate with the limb reflected, its upper lip supporting the vexillum, being two-lobed, and the lower lip three-parted : the stamens ten, separate, dilated towards the base, and alternately longer: the style incurved and ciliate, bearing two truncated unequal stigmas, the uppermost of which is largest, and incurved towards the other. The germen is ovate and pu- bescent, containing five seeds; the fruit a short oblique woody pod, opening with two valves, and containing in general only one perfect seed, but is also occasiopally found with two: these are large, nearly oval, of a fine scarlet colour with a large black spot on one side. From these singular characters, noticed some time ago by Mr. Lambert, I was induced to examine some surround- ing genera of the order, to endeavour to discover its congeners, affinities, and proper place in the series; and a plant with similar scarlet and black seeds being enumerated in the Flora Guianen- - sis of Aublet, as a species of Robinia, but without.any further description, a reference to the Pseudo-acacia ingens, fructu coccineo, nigra Mr. Jackson’s Account of Ormosia, 359 nigrá maculá notato, of Plumier's Catalogue, and unpublished MSS. tom. 7, tab. 145 excepted ; my first care was to endeavour to find out whether it might not be the same. That it was not the plant of Plumier I was well aware, a copy of his drawing of that, with many others of his unpublished drawings, being in the Sherardian collection at Oxford, and from which I had taken copies my- self for Mr. Lambert. I was, however, still uncertain about the plant of Aublet, very erroneous and even heterogeneous syno- nymy being often adopted by the botanists of that age with very little scruple. Fortunately, however, his herbarium was at hand, being now in the possession of the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks; and on being favoured by Mr. Dryander with a sight of Aublet’s original specimen, I found that Mr. Lambert’s plant was the identical Robinia coccinea. Characters exactly similar I have since discovered in another nondescript plant from Guiana, communicated to Mr. Lambert by Mr. Anderson of St. Vincents ; and also in the Sophora monosperma of Professor Swartz's Prodro- mus and Flora Indie Occidentalis, of which the Pseudo-acacia ingens fructu coccineo, &c. of Plumier's drawings, above mentioned, is a very good representation ; a plant essentially differing both from the original Sophora of Linnzus and the Virgilia and Po- dalyria of Lamarck, to the latter of which it has lately been re- ferred by Mons. Poiret, as well as the Edwardsia of Mr. Salis- bury, a very curious species of which, from South America, communicated by the late Professor Cavanilles, is also in Mr. Lambert’s collection. From these three species, therefore, agree- ing in habits and characters, and natives of nearly the same lati- tude, I have constituted a new genus, the characters of which, accompanied with sketches from the dried plants, I have now the honour to lay before the Society. The name Ormosia, by which I have distinguished it, is formed from the Greek Oguas, monile, a 342 necklace ; $60 Mr. Jackson’s Account of Ormosia. lace; their beautiful seeds, and particularly those of O. dasycarpa, commonly called in the West Indies the bead-tree, being worn as necklaces by the ladies. The natural place of ‘the genus appears to be in the vicinity of Virgilia and Podalyria ; but the affinities are far from strong, and leave abundant room for intermediates on all sides; and from the unexplored tropical parts of America, many conter- minal plants of the order are probably yet to be expected. ORMOSIA. Decandria Monogynia, Linn. Leguminosae, Juss. Character Genericus. Calyx bilabiatus, labio superiore bilobo, inferiore tripartito. Corolla papilionacea. "Vexillum subro- tundum, emarginatum, alis vix longius. Carina longitudine alarum, dipetala. Filamenta libera, basin versus dilatata. Sty- lus incurvus. Stigmata duo, unum supra alterum. Germen subovatum, 5-6-spermum. Legumen lignosum, compressum, bivalve, 1—3-spermum. Habitus. Arbores. Rami ferrugineo-villosi. Folia stipulata, impari-pinnata. Stipule à petiolis distincte. Foliola ner- vosa, integerrima, 4—6-juga. Flores terminales, paniculati, | cerulei vel purpurascentes. Legumina lata, lignosa. Semina pauca, colorata, magna. 2 ee je c OrMOSIA coccinea. TAB. AA V, | es O. foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis crassis subovatis, marginibus re- volutis, utrinque nudis, ree leguminibus glabris, nitidis. . Robinia Linn. Trans. Vot. X. Tab. 25. p. 360. \ \ hi if | | itt m uma nT ae mane \ n aW M i, WV | LEAL |, ; \ a SS MÀ \ N AW ee -- > — ers SS —— —— i ne cCOCCCIEOL dd. j | N Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia. ` $61 Robinia coccinea. dub. Flor. Guian. 2. p. 773, sine synonymo Plumieri. Habitat in Guiana. Arbor. Rami flexuosi & casu foliorum cicatricibus notati. pom anguste, sericez, à petiolis distincte. Folia magna sæpè pedalia. Foliola rigida, nervosa et venulosa ; suprà niti- dissima, subtùs subfusca. Nervi subtùs exstantes, suprà de- pressi. Venulæ numerosæ, inter nervos oblique, iisque pari ra- tione subtüs elatz, flexuose. Petioli universales villosi, suprà leviter sulcati; partiales crassi, interdum fere glabri. Panicule bracteate, pedales vel etiam ultra. Bractee subulate. Pedunculi, pedicelli et calyces villosi. Calyx basi turbinatus, limbo reflexus. Labium superius inferiore longius, bilobum. Petala omnia un- guiculata. Vexillum utrinque emarginatum. Als obovato-fal- cate. Carina dipetala, petalis subfalcatis. Filamenta calyci in- serta, quinque breviora. Anthere subovatz, utrinque emarginate, biloculares. Stylus incurvus, ciliatus. Stigmata truncata, in- zequalia ; superius majus, versus inferius incurvum. Germen striatum, villosum, 5-spermum. Legumen breve, durissimum et - nitidissimum, brevissimè rostratum, basin versus oblique attenu- atum, 1- vel rariüs 2- spermum. Semina subovata, nitida, coccinea cum macula nigra. Integumentum seminis duplex, exterius cori- aceum, interius membranaceum, albidum. Albumen nullum. Embryo semini conformis. Cotyledones plano-convexe. Radi- ' cula centrifuga, exserta, subhemispherica. Plumula nulla. ExPLICATIO TABULÆ. "Fig. 1. Ramuli floriferi pars. 2. Flos sejunctus. 3. Vexillum. $62 Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia. 3. Vexillum. 4, Ale. 5. Carina. 6. Calyx, Stamina et Pistillum. 7. Calyx vi expansus cum Staminibus. 8. Pistillum. 8. b. Germinis sectio. 9. Fructus monospermus. 10. Idem intus visus, valvà superiori amotä. 11. Fructus dispermus vi expansus. 12. Embryo. 2. Ormosıa dasycarpa. Tas. XXVI. O. foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis 4-5-jugis, utrinque nudis, le- guminibus ferrugineo-tomentosis. | Pseudo-acacia ingens, fructu coccineo, nigrà macula notato. Plum. Cat. p. 19, et MSS. cum Icone. Glycine arboreum, foliis oblongis, seminibus majoribus. Browne Jam. p. 298. : Sophora monosperma. Swartz Prod. et Flor. Ind. Occ. 2. p. 122. Willd. Sp. Pl. 2. p. 501. | Podalyria monosperma. Poiret in Encyc. Method. 5. p. 440. Habitat in Indiá Occidentali. ExrLICATIO TABULE. Fig. 1. Rami fructiferi pars. 2. Calyx cum Pistillo. 3. Idem, pistillo exempto. å. Germinis sectio. 5. Legumen Linn. Trans Vol. X°Tab.26.p.36 2. IN MN N Hl — \ \ j Jus // / jJ po ; i WE coatehaler: \ VW. NB Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia. 363 5. Legumen trispermum vi expansum. 6. Semen. 7. Embryo. | 3. Ormosta coarctata. Tas. XXVII. O. foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis inzequalibus 4-5-jugis, suprà nudis, subtüs ferrugineo-hirsutis. Habitat in Guiana. Anderson. : Arbor. Rami è vestigiis petiolorum cicatricosi, subteretes. Stipule à petiolis distincte, subulate, sericee. Folia O. dasy- carpe minora. Foliola ovato-lanceolata, nervosa, suprà fusco- viridia, subtüs ferrugineo-hirsuta, duo infima multo minora, ma- gisque ovata. Nervi suprà depressi, subtüs elati ac venulis pari ratione extantibus intertexti. Petioli tomentosi, teretes, partiales brevissimi. Panicule coarctate, breves. Bractee pubescentes, ad divisuras panicule lato-subulate, ad pedicellos triangulo- ovatz, concave. Pedicelli bracteis breviores, teretes, villosi. Calyx extüs villosus, intüs coloratus, glaber, labium superius in- feriore longius. Filamenta alterné breviora. Anthere utrinque emarginatz, biloculares. Germen hirsutum, 5-spermum. Fruc- tum maturum non vidi. Semina facie O. dasycarpe sed minora. D. Thompson. ExPricaATIO TABULE. Fig. 1. Ramuli floriferi pars. 2. Flos sejunctus. 3. Vexillum. 4, Ale. 364 Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia. 4. Ale. 5. Carina. 6. Pars inferior Calycis cum Staminibus et Pistillo. 7. Calyx vi expansus cum Staminibus. 8. Pistillum. 9. Germen longitudinaliter sectum. XVII. An XVII. An Account of anew Genus of, New Holland Plants named Brunonia. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. Read February 6, 1810. For the knowledge of the genus of plants of which I now propose to offer an account to the Linnean Society, I am obliged to Mr. Robert Brown, Librarian to the Society, who discovered it in the course of his botanical researches in New Holland. A very inter- esting part of his rich harvest in that country occupies a large por- tion ofthe present volume of our Transactions. With such a proof of his genius and abilities before us, any testimony of mine to the same purpose would be altogether superfluous; but Lam anxious to seize an opportunity, which, at my earnest solicitation, Mr. Brown has afforded me, of gratifying. my own personal friend- ship, while I do public justice to his merits, in dedicating this new and very distinct genus to his honour. In order to accom- plish this, as there is already a Brownea, in memory of the natu- ral historian of Jamaica, I am obliged to adopt a contrivance, unexceptionable in itself, and authorized by precedent, of pre- serving as much resemblance to his name as possible, while I avoid all ambiguity with the Brownea previously established, in calling my genus Brunonia. Of this, consisting of two species, I shall now proceed to offer a systematic description, subjoining some remarks on its botanical affinity, which is enveloped in no small degree of obscurity. f VOL. X, 3g BRUNO- 366 Dr. Smıtu’s Account of Brunonia BRUNONIA. Crass. ET Orv. Pentandria Monogynia. Sect. 1. Flores monopetali, inferi, monospermi. Natr.Orp. Aggregate Linn. Dipsacee Juss. ?- Essent. Cuar. Corolla infundibuliformis, quinquefida, irregu- laris. Anthere connate. Stigma indusio bivalvi. Semen unicum, calyce interiori, demum plumoso, tectum. Nat. Cuar. Calya.— Perianthium commune multiflorum, poly- phyllum : foliolis lore brevioribus, subequalibus, paten- tibus, persistentibus; interioribus minoribus, solitariis, sub singulo flore. Perianthium proprium duplex, utrumque inferum: exterius tetraphyllum, brevius, foliolis membranaceis, subzequa- libus, erectis, concavis, obtusis : interius turbinatum, parüm longius, quinquedentatum, per- sistens, dentibus plumosis. | Conorra universalis qualis. . Propria monopetala, infundibuliformis, calyce longior; limbo quinquepartito, patente, laciniis subequalibus, dua- bus superioribus profundiüs divisis; tubo quinquepartibili. Stamına. Filamenta quinque, receptaculo inserta, capillaria, debilia. Anthere lineares, in cylindrum connate, longitu- dine tubi. | | Dr PisriLLUM. Germen superum, subrotundum. Stylus clavatus, — staminibus dupló feré longior. Stigma incrassatum, torulo- sum, obtusum, valvulis duabus equalibus, verticalibus, or- biculatis, concavis, membranaceis, conniventibus, inclusum. PrnrcAnPIUM nullum, nisi perianthium interius, cum coroll basi membranaceá, persistens, auctum atque induratum, . dentibus Dr. Smitn’s Account of Brunonia, 367 dentibus quinque plumosis, elongatis, patentibus, pappum mentientibus, coronatum. SEMEN solitarium, tectum, ovatum, exalbuminosum. Embryo, ex inventoris auctoritate, erectus. 1. Brunonta australis. Tas. XXVIII. D. foliis pilosis: pilis patentibus, laciniis calycinis undique plu- mosis. | In campis arenosis maritimis Australasiz. Abundant in Van Diemen's Land, and observed also on the op- posite shore of New Holland at Port Phillip, flowering in January 1804. Mr. Brozn. Herba acaulis, undique pilosa, annua? Radix simplex, fusiformis, gracilis. Folia radicalia, numerosa, bi- vel tri-uncialia, erectiuscula, spa- tulata, obtusiuscula, integerrima, uninervia, parüm venosa, pal-. lidé viridia; basi attenuata; undique pilosa; pilis patentibus, ntn, apice confertis, mucronulum simulantibus. - Scapus solitarius, pedalis vel altior, simplicissimus, nudus, teres, pilis superné minüs patentibus; intüs spongiosus. Capitulum terminale, solitarium, magnitudine Scabiose suc- cise, undique sericeo-pilosum. ; Flores czerulei, feré Jasionis montane. dien, : £. DRUNONIA n a TT Tan. XAIX. D. foliis sericeis : pilis adpressis, laciniis calycinis apice denu- datis coloratis. | 922 In 368 Dr. Surru's Account of Brunonia. In arenosis maritimis Nove Hollandie. At Pine Port, just within the tropic, on the east coast of | New Holland, flowering in August 1802. Mr. Brown. Forma omninó pracedentis, at folia numerosiora, angustiora, undique sericea, pilis arcte adpressis. Capitulum priori simil- limum, sed apices calycis interioris denudati, subexserti, colorati, obtusiuscult. 'The genus under consideration is, as Mr. Brown remarks, ex- ceedingly interesting, on account of its apparent relationship to several very different natural orders, and the great difficulty of referring it to any one in particular. Its discoverer is inclined to place it between the Campanulacee and Corymbifere of Jussieu, though it overturns the artificial characters of both orders, having a superior germen. But it accords with the latter in the very important circumstance of the upright embryo, and precisely in the number, form, texture, and connexion of its stamina and an- there, which are altogether those ofa true syngenesious flower. Its stigma on the other hand bears an exact resemblance to some of the Campanulacee, as Goodenia, Scaevola, Velleia, &c. and is unlike every thing else in nature. For this reason, and for the sake of its germen superum, which is the case with some of these, as Velleia, Mr. Brown was disposed to place it at the end of this order, bordering upon Syngenesic. On considering the above remarks, assisted by dried specimens, Ihave presumed to suggest that Brunonia may perhaps belong to Dipsacee, and Mr. Brown in reply informs me that this idea had not entirely escaped him. I was led to it by the general aspect of the plants, and by a suspicion of Jussieu *, that the * See Adanson and Gertner on this subject. dies exterior Dr. Surru's Account of Brunonia. 369 exterior perianthium in Dipsacee may perhaps most properly be deemed inferior, only embracing the seed closel y, being enlarged and hardened in the fruit; witness Scabiosa. Now this is pre- cisely the case with what I have above described as the inner pe- rianthium of Brunonia, the outer one, of four leaves, not being analogous to any thing in Scabiosa, except the solitary scales or leaves in many species accompanying each flower. Can it be possible, therefore, that what I have taken for the inner is really the only perianthium in Brunonia, and exactly analogous to the outer one in Scabiosa ? "They both alike, in an indurated state, envelop and crown the ripe seed. If habit were to be much insisted on, nothing can be stronger in my favour; for, besides the inflorescence, when I lay the dried specimens of the two Brunonie by the side of Scabiosa cretica and graminifolia, nothing can be more striking than the exact agree- ment of the foliage of B. australis with the former, both in shape and colour; while the same circumstances, including the silky pubescence, no less agree in B. sericea and S. graminifolia. I am, however, aware how treacherous these analogies are in the pro- ductions, whether vegetable or animal, of New Holland, but their technical characters are no less so. If it would lead us widely astray to make the wonderful Ornithorinchus a bird, on account of its beak, it would be equally dangerous, were any botanist to refer Brunonia to the Campanulacee, for the sake of its stigma alone. “ Upon the whole,” as Mr. Brown very can- didly remarks, “ instead of our being able to determine the order to which this genus belongs, Brunonia seems to afford no small proof of the limits of these groups being purely artificial; for does it not break down the barrier between Syngenesie and Cam- panulacee, Dipsacee and Globularie ?" To this I most heartily subscribe ; but if it leads to the overthrow of artificial definitions, too 570 Dr. Smitn’s Account of Brunonia. too confidently perbaps asserted for natural, may it not on the other hand guide us to some natural combinations,.in helping us, for instance, to understand Corymbium? ‘These anomalous pro- ductions, while they perplex the system-builder, enlighten the true observer. Who knows but the difference between an up- right and a reversed embryo, which, according to our present knowledge, I allow to be almost insuperable, and by which rule Brunonia must be referred to the Corymbifere, and not to the Dipsacee, may prove, like every other known character, liable too ccasional exception ? I... SML. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Tas. XXVIII. Brunonia australis. . Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali. 2. Flos completus magn. auctus. 3. Calyx exterior cum bracteá respondente capituli. 4. Corolla cum dimidio calycis interioris. 5. Pistillum et Sta- mina, quorum tubus antherarum apertus. 6. Stigma dimidio indusii abscisso. Apex styli cum indusio stigmatis. Tas. XXIX. BnvuNowNia sericea. Fig.1. Planta magnitudine naturali. 2. Capituli lobus magn. auctus. 3. Flos completus. 4. Calyx exterior cum bracteá re- spondente capituli. 5. Stamina et Pistillum, cujus Stigma lon- gitudine indusii. 6. Stamen unicum. 7. Pistillum, cujus stigma semiexsertum. 8 Apex Styli cum indusio stigmate adhuc in- cluso. 9. Stigma denudatum. 10. Calyx interior fructifer. 11. Tubus ejusdem apertus, ostendens semen filamentis infrà coharentibus cinctum. 12. Semen filamentis persistentibus cinctum. 13. Apex incrassatus operculiformis tunice exterioris seminis. 14. Semen tunica exteriore orbatum. 15. Embryo. XVIII. 4 De- p 3P Jab. 28. A. MELDEN x SSF LE 37V. P: B T. Tab. 29 * Zinn. Trans. Vol C STOPS XVIL- A Deicriptem of Duchesnea fri iformis, constituting a new Genus of the Natural Order of Senticos@ of Linneus, Rosine of Jussieu. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. Read April 3, 1810. Havre lately had occasion to stud y the genus Fragaria, I was led to consider the plant figured and described by Mr. Andrews in his Repository, t. 479, by the name of F. indica, which struck me as, in many respects, very remarkable, and probably consti- tuting a new genus. That it is no Fragaria is apparent from the fruit, which is represented like that of a Rubus. In short, the plant in question, with the habit of a F ‘ragaria, has the yellow . flower and ten-cleft calyx of a Potentilla, and the fruit of a Rubus, differing essentially however from the latter in its calyx, as well as in its habit altogether. I am enabled to bear testimony to the accuracy of Mr. Andrews's representation, by means of a spe- cimen gathered by Dr. Buchanan in Nepal, now in my posses- sion, accompanied with a description drawn up by that excellent botanist on the spot. In the name of this new genus I wish to commemorate the merits of M. Duchesne, author of the Histoire Naturelle des Fraisiers published at Paris in 1766, justly termed by Haller “ an excellent little book,” in which the varieties of Strawberries are so accurately described, and their synonyms so. well illustrated, that I cannot but wonder it did not more excite the attention of Linnzus,. 372 'Dr.Suiru's Description of Duchesnea fragiformis. Linnæus, who was furnished by its author with specimens of every thing he described. The subject is followed up by the same writer im an essay communicated to Lamarck, and pub- lished in his Dictionnaire de Botanique, vol. ii. 528, in which per- haps he may be thought to multiply distinctions without necessity, like all who study any subject with a microscopic eye. But if the philosophical principles:of strict specific differences have not particularly engaged his attention, that defect is supplied by Ehrhart in his Beiträge, fasc. 7. 20, who in the direction of the pubescence of these plants has found means to discriminate the species in a masterly manner. Willdenow in his Species Plan- tarum has profited by these remarks, though he still retains an error of Linnzus in making a distinct species of the Fragaria- mo- nophylla, Curt. Mag. t. 63, clearly shown by Duchesne to be a variety raised by himself from seed of the Wood Strawberry, F. vesca, and found to return gradually to its original in a few generations, when propagated by the same mode. The plant I am about to describe seems peculiarly fit for the purpose in view, on account of its resemblance and affinity to Fragaria, though surely no genus can be more distinct. It affords a new example of what I have often had occasion to remark, that the genera of the Linnean Icosandria Polygynia, which is itself a natural order, are not less distinct in nature than in tech- nical characters, | DUCHESNEA. Crass. ET Orv. Icosandria Polygynia. Nat. Orv. Senticose Linn. Rosacee Juss. Essent. Cuar. Calyx decemfidus. Petala quinque. Bacca supera, composita acinis monospermis. Nar. Dr. Smıra’s Description of Duchesnea Sragiformis, — 313 . NAT. Char. CALYX. Perianthium inferum, monophyllum, planum, decem- | fidum; laciniis quinque alternis exterioribus majoribus, incisis. Conorra. Petala 5, obovata, longitudine calycis, laciniisque ejus majoribus opposita. STAMINA. Filamenta viginti circiter, subulata, petalis triplà bre- viora, calyci inserta. Anthere subrotunde, bilobs, incum- bentes. PısTILLUM. Germina plurima, parva, in capitulum collecta, ovata, compressa, incurva. Styli simplices, lateri germinis inserti, decidui. Stigmata simplicia. Pericarpium. Bacca composita : acinis ovatis, compressis, in capitulum convexum, receptaculo carnoso insidens, collectis : singulis unilocularibus. SEMINA solitaria, reniformia, levia. 1. Ducuzsnea fragiformis. Fragaria indica. Andr. Repos. t. 479. In alpibus Indie orientalis. = | Native of the sandy shores of rivers in Nepal, flowering in March and April. Dr. Buchanan. : Radix ramosa, subtuberculata, fibrosa, perennis. Caules plures, procumbentes, repentes, laté diffusi, filiformes, subsimplices, pilosi, foliosi, pauciflori. Folia radicalia plurima ; caulina ad genicula solitaria, longiüs petiolata, ternata; foliolis petiolatis, subzqualibus, rotundato- rhombeis, obtusis, inequalitér incisis, subtüs pilosis: lateralibus subinde bilobis. VOL. X. Sc Petioli * 374 Dr. Smirn’s Description of Duchesnea fragiformis. Petioli dense pilosi, pilis patentibus. Stipule gemine, basi petioli. adnate, ovatæ, incisæ, persis- . tentes, pilosæ. Pedunculi oppositifolii, solitarii, debiles, longitudine foliorum, uniflori, ebracteati. Flores fer Potentille reptantis, flavi, calyce piloso. Fructus saturate ruber, insipidus et inodorus. XIX. Ob- (873; ) XIX. Observations on some Species of Menziesia, hitherto consi- dered as belonging to the Genus Andromeda, by Ol. Swaktz, M.D. Bergian Professor of Botany at Stockholm, F.M.L.S. Read April 17, 1810. Tue great natural affinity between the genera of Erica, Andro- meda, and Menziesia is well known; but at the same time it ap- pears unquestionable that they can never unite with each other. The character of the Menziesia was first explained by the Pre- sident of the Linnean Society, i in his excellent work the Plante hactenus inedita, t. 56, where he points out the principal generic difference from the real Andromedas and Ericas to be, a capsule similar to that of Rhododendron, or the dissepimenta loculorum e marginibus valoularum inflexis, which accordingly places. this genus in a natural order distinct from the Ericee. The author of the Gen. Plant. secundum Ord. Nat. disposita, attending to the character of Menziesia, indicated afterwards (Annales du Mus. d' Hist. Nat. i. p..52.) the necessity of transferring another plant to the same genus, viz. the Erica or Andromeda Daboecii of dif- ferent authors, who, from principles not before fixed concerning the natural affinity, had appeared irresolute about its real place, now sufficiently ascertained by Mr. Salisbury (Transact. of Linn. Soc. vi. p. 323. B) and from my own inspection of Irish and Spanish specimens, | |... -* i | rated qs 3c2 From 376 Professor Swartz’s Observations on Menziesia. From equally urgent reasons I take the liberty to indicate a similarity of character in two other plants, and to propose their union with the genus Menziesia as real species. "These are the Andromeda cerulea of Linnzeus, and the Andromeda Bryantha of Pallas. As for the first-mentioned, the discovery of its particular fruit is by no means new, as the celebrated author of the Flora Britannica in his new edition of the Linnean Flora Lapponica has already observed the carpological difference of this plant from the other species of Andromeda; and at that time thought proper to refer the same to Erica, where also Professor Willde- now in his Spec. Plant. has enlisted it, as well as the Andromeda Bryantha. It is, however, now my intention to prove the pro- priety of an alteration in this arrangement. That the capsule of Andromeda cerulea by its valve iooi: loculum proprium constituentes (Juss.) shows its relationship:to the Rhododendra, cannot escape an intelligent observer. This cir- cumstance added to a comparison with the partes fructificantes of — Menziesia puts, I think, its near affinity with that genus out of doubt. The calyx of the former is, it is true, repandus but mo- nophyllus ; in the latter also consisting of one leaf, though deeply divided into 5laciniz. The form of the corolla, its deciduous. nature, the znsertio staminum, the anthere, the stigma lobatum, all correspond. The number only differs; which however cannot be- of any particular weight, since we find that the Andromeda Bry- antha, in so many respects resembling the former, even ca asia approaches the Menziesia, as being octandrous. ` Upon the whole, there is nothing but the habit: which at first sight shows any difference. But considering the very great dis-- similarity really existing between the species of Andromeda, for instance between A. rn and A. mariana, or A. tetragona and. buaifolia,. Professor Swantz’s Observations on Menziesia. 377 buaifolia, &c. that difficulty is certainly soon removed. It is also interesting to observe, how nature has varied the appearances in both these genera, as well as in many others. From such reasons I hope to determine with sufficient pro- priety the Andromeda cerulea to. be Mzwuzizst1A cerulea; foliis sparsis confertis linearibus obtusis cartilagineo-denticulatis, pedunculis terminalibus aggregatis unifloris, floribus decandris. Tas. XXX. Fig. A. Andromeda cerulea. Linn. Fl. Lapp. ed. Smith, p. 183. t. 1. SF. 5. Flor. Sveci 354. Andromeda taxifolia. Pallas Fl. Ross. t. 72. fig. 2. Flor. p. 103. Erica cerulea. Willd. Sp. Pi. ii. p. 393. Obs. Folia sparsa, conferta (imprimis versus apices ramorum) nec proprié terna dicenda, Willd.) planiuscula, utrinque sulco ex- arata, subtüs latiore albido villoso, margine minute denticulata, denticulis cartilagineis diaphanis. Pedunculi intense rubri, elongati, pube glandulifera undique hispiduli. Calyx extüs. glanduloso-pubescens. Flores nutantes. Anthere leviter apice bifidee, loculis foramine terminali obliqué hiantes. Stigma 5-lobum. Capsule erectz, hirsutie glandulifera vestite, vetus- tiores muriculate. Receptaculum seminum 5-gonum 5-sulca- tum, angulis rugulosis. Semina oblonga, undato-venulosa, spadicea. cda d The other, or Andromeda Bryantha, I call... : = Mzxzizsra Bryantha ; | foliis sparsis confertis oblongo-linearibus, - pedunculis apice co- rymbosis, floribus octandris.. | | Tan. 378 Professor Sw ARTZ's Observations on Menziesia. Tas. XXX. Fig. B. Andromeda Bryantha. Pallas Fl. Ross. t. 74. f. 2. Fl. p. 111. Bryanthus repens, serpilli folio, flore roseo. . Gmel. Fl. Sib. 4. 133. t. 57. f. 3. | Erica Pryantha. Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 386. Obs. Fruticulus ramosissimus prostratus, ramulis implexis assur- gentibus. Folia sparsa, seepe conferta, a situ subinde secunda, oblongo-linearia, obtusiuscula, suprà planiuscula, subtüs valdé convexa, sulco profundo notata (nec suprà ut Pall.) margine (oculo armato) ciliato-denticulata, ciliis cartilagineis. Pedun- culi solitarii, elongati, pubescentes, bracteä 1. foliolo uno al- terove ciliato, glanduloso, instructi; apice corymbosi, pedicellis unifloris. Calyx 4-partitus, pubescens. ` aie ovato-subro- tunda, glabra, scabriuscula. Semina ov vata *. “ * Notwithstanding the dissimilarity in habit from the original Menziesia ferruginea, we find in some instances a similar ten- dency in both these species, e. g. the elongated flowerstalks, the nodding flowers, (though the fruitstalks and capsules become erect,) the ciliated and glandular appearances on the leaves and the parts belonging to the flower. How far the Andromeda Stelleriana Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 74. f. 9., which appears somewhat like the Bryantha, and is by Willdenow also referred to Erica, may be another species of Menziesia, I cannot at present decide, having only seen the plant figured. I have, however, some doubts, as Pallas describes the anthere as biset@, and Steller observed, that “neque calyx neque flos de- cedunt, sed ambo marcescunt." It may perhaps rather be a true species of Erica. i | * More circumstantial descriptions occur in the writings of oe and Pallas, ~~ however, the most of these particulars are omitted, Ex PLA- 5/9. Linn. Trans. Vol X. Tab. S6. p Professor Swantz’s Observations on Menziesia. 379 ExPLANATION or Tas. XXX. Fig. A. 1. A small shrub of the Menziesia cerulea, with fruit- stalks and capsules, natural size. 2. A leaf, showing the upper side. 3. The under side. 4. The pistillum remaining on the calyx after the falling of the corolla. 5. An anthera. 6. A fruit- stalk, and the capsule closed. 7. Thesame with open valves. 8. Avalve separate. 9. The axis of the capsule, with a seed on the side, or receptaculum seminum. 10. One seed. All more or less magnified. — ~~ Fig. Bm 3. A part of the shrub of Menziesia Bryantha in fruit, natural size. 2. A pedicellus with its capsule. 3. Upper side ofaleaf. 4. The under side. 5. Acapsule. 6. The same with open valves. 7. The axis. 8. A valve. 9..The seed. All more. or less magnified. ADDITIONAL NOTE By THE PRESIDENT. Dr. Swartz’s conjecture, respecting the Andromeda Stelleriana, proves at once his acuteness, and the solidity of the principles - which guide him. I have specimens of that plant, found by Mr. Menzies on the west coast of North America, and its capsules are those of an Andromeda, having the partitions from the middle Ue. oh I ELE of mdi CERA. s NS 380 Professor Swarrz’s Observations on Menziesia. of the valves. I beg leave here to add to the above Menziesie a new species, gathered in the country just mentioned, by the same excellent botanist whose name it bears. MzwNziEstA empetriformis ; foliis linearibus serrulatis: subtüs concavis, pedunculis termi- nalibus aggregatis, floribus campanulatis decandris, calycibus obtusis. This is a much taller plant than the cerulea, from which it differs moreover in the short and blunt segments of its calyx, the deflexed edges of the leaves, and their stronger serratures. The corolla is deciduous, almost bell-shaped, with a spreading limb, like Rhododendron ferrugineum, not ovate, and contracted at the mouth, like M. cerulea. XX. Some C rt ) XX. Some Observations on the ee ademas wi Descriptiong of _ four British Species. By William Jackson Hooker, Esq., F.L.S. Read May 1, 1810. Tue genus upon which it is my intention here to offer a few observations, was originally established by. Ehrhart in the first number of his Beiträge, and there received the name it has always subsequently borne, in honour of his friend J. G. R. Andrez, an apothecary and able naturalist at Hanover. The only species with which Ehrhart was acquainted was the 4. alpina, a plant that had long been known among botanists, but had always pre- viously been joined to the Jungermannie, between which and the Musci. calyptrati it unquestionably forms the connecting link ; so that, though amid all the various changes and improvements which have of late years taken place in the system of Mosses, the genus Andrea has had the peculiar good fortune of remain- ing unaltered, yet a question has always arisen, how far it pro- perly belonged to the order of Mosses, or Hepatice; its habit being almost equally intermediate between both, and its cap- sule seeming to partake more of the nature of the latter than of the former. I shall briefly notice what has been done by those botanists who have made any alteration in the character of the genus, or in its place in the systematic order; and.then proceed to a description of the parts of fructification ; from which I trust, VOL. X. 3D that 582 Mr. Hookxenr’s Observations on Andrea. that though, as remarked above, its appearance seems rather to assign it a place with the Hepatice, there will nevertheless be as no difficulty to exist in allowing it to continue, as it now generally stands, among the Musci. The genus by Ehrhart himself was placed in the third order of the 24th class of Linnzus (the Alge), which at that time contained what are now called Hepatice. He was, in all proba- bility, induced to leave it there, from a reluctance to make al- terations that did not appear absolutely necessary, and from its affinity to the genus Jungermannia in the same order, without considering the character of this order as given by Linneus :— * A plant whose root and stem-leaves are all in one.” It is how- ever extraordinary he should have done so, since the definition of the genus Andrea, as first drawn out by himself, has so many characters in common with the Musci, and so few ue are ana- logous to any thing among the Alge. | For the benefit of those who may not. have an opportunity of seeing the Beitrüge, where iti is contained, à "e bere ber ane this definition. ph shige stat « ANDREA. * Perichetium squamosum. * Squame lanceolatz, carinatze, imbricate. _ © Anthophorum longitudine perichetii. dO SW * Calyptra conica, brevissima. Met * Stylopodium nullum. ! ** Conioecium oblongum, subtetragonum, 4-sulcatum. ** Apophysis turbinata. * Valvule quatuor carinate, angulares, basi apophysi apicibus conjunctorio adnate. « Siue . Mr, Hooxen’s Observations on Andrea. 383. “ Suture laterales, ex medio sursum deorsumque versus dehis- centes. . * Conjunctorium obtusiusculum. | * Dissepimentum nullum. ** Styliscus cylindricus. * Spora subtilissima." With the above definitión of Andrea before him, it is a matter ofsurprise that Hedwig, in the Species Muscorum, should have altered the characters to * Capsula exigua, minuta. Perist. dentibus quatuor concavis, apice connexis, operculigeris :” thus mistaking the apophysis for a capsule, and the four valves of the capsule for the teeth of a peristomium. He has, however, rightly arranged it among the Musci. Bridel must have been entirely unacquainted with Andrea; or, surely, after having entered so deeply into the physiology of Mosses as he has done in the first volume of his Muscologia, he would have admitted the genus into that work. Had he once examined the fructification of Andrea, he would immediately have discovered that the characters of the order, to which it pro- perly belongs, are accurately described in the chapter of his work entitled * Quid sit Muscus." Dr. Roth comes next to be noticed, who, i in the third Sole of his Flora Germanica, has given a very full account of the genus, but has placed it among the Hepatice, on account of the capsule's opening into four valves. In order to do this, however, he supports an opinion that the conjunctorium of Ehrhart is not an operculum, and that it does not perform the office of that part ofa moss. But, till we are more fully acquainted with the use of the operculum, and till we are certain that the conjunctorium of 3p 2 Ehrhart 384 Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. : Fhrhart has a different function assigned to it, surely it would be better to retain'the old name of operculum, to which it has full as much right as the part which occupies the same place in Phascum, and even more so; for in Andrea it is sometimes of a different colour, and is always of a different texture, from the capsule. Dr. Roth doubts whether the seeds may not, while in the capsule, be fixed to filaments of a similar nature to those of _ the Jungermannie; but, in all the species I have had an oppor- tunity of examining, I have not been able to observe any tbing of the kind. | : Thus was Andrea removed from one order to another, as if its parts of fructification were among the minutest of the vegetable kingdom, or among the most difficult to examine, till the late Dr. Mohr-in his Flora Germanica, (of which he sent an unedited copy to his friend Mr. Turner a little before his death,) by a con- cise definition of the two orders Musci and Hepatice, satisfac- torily established it as belonging to the former of these, which he calls ** operculate,"* but he has still peser in capes the valves of the capsule a peristomium. = se Having thus delivered my opinion as to the order to which Andrea properly belongs, it remains for me to say a few words upon the place which in that order it ought to occupy ; and here I trust no doubt can be entertained of the rs of ra -.* Dr. Mohr’s 6th order of the. class Cryptogamia, which he nuls; E casei is sde into a. Operculate, containing all the true Musci, among which ccr alate the last ; b. DIU aiuta; which includes all the Hepatice, . However excellent the definitions of these subdivisions may be, it seems hardly ne- cessary to alter the old terms of Musci and Hepatice. See Dr. Smith's on Bri- lannica, 1099; 1101, it Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. 385 it thelast; by which means its affinity to Jungermannia, with which the next order Hepatice begins, will be pointed out. Yet it is to be regretted that, by so doing, according to the present ar- rangement of Musci, it must be so widely separated from the genus Sphagnum, to which in many particulars it bears a most striking resemblance, and in none more so than in the white suc- culent pedicellus * and irregularly torn calyptra, a part of which frequently remains at the base of the capsule. If it were neces- sary in an artificial arrangement to regard more particularly na- tural affinity, perhaps at some future time it would be found desirable to alter the present disposition of the genera of Mosses, and begin with those whose peristomium is of a more compli- - cated structure, —for example, with Burbaumia, which, according to Dr. Mohr, has a treble row of teeth,—and thus descend. suc- cessively through Hypnum, and those with a double and single peristomium, to Gymnostomum, Phascum, Sphagnum and Andrea. - The most striking similarity between the latter genus and Jun- germannia is in the fleshy or rather succulent peduncle, the deep brown colour of the capsule, and the circumstance of its open- ing into four valves; to these may be added the absence of an internal membrane to the capsule, and the irregularly torn ca- lyptra, which is not cut round transversely (circumscissa) as in most of the Mosses. But if we examine more attentively ‘the structure of the capsule of Andrea, a nearer approach to the true Musci may be readily discovered, and we shall not fail to meet with all the important characters of that order. Bridel in his - Muscologia, i. p. 3, defines a moss to be “ Planta fructu cal yptrato * I have called this:a pedicellus in compliance with the generality of Muscologists ; but it is in reality an elongation of the receptacle in Andrea as well as in Sphagnum ; so that these two genera differ from all other Mosses in having the capsule really sessile. et 386 Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. et operculato predita. Per fructum calyptratum, capsulam teg- mento cucullato seu mitriformi corollz speciem sistente, et a tha- lamo, cui primus adhzrebat, divulso vel per medium abruptum * instructum intelligimus, et per fructum operculatum, capsulam operculo plerumque libero, et maturitate decidente, rariüs rema- nente, tectam." Thus, he continues, we remove from the order Musci, 1. the Lycopodia, 2. Porella, 3. Marchantia, Jungerman- mia, and Anthoceros, “que quidem fructu non vero opercu- lato sed dentibus aut valvulis pluribus dehiscente gaudent." The capsule is in reality furnished with an operculum, that is to say, is terminated by a conical-shaped covering, which, although closely united to the capsule, still has its line of separation so far defined that I should not think any one would hesitate in calling it an operculum. In A. rupestris and Rothii this part is even of a different colour. It is true it does not fall off, as in most other Mosses, for the emission of the seeds, nor does the singular conformation of the capsule require it; for, when the capsule is fully ripe, four longitudinal openings permit the dis- charge of the seeds. This operation can only be performed in dry weather, when the spaces between the valves open, the valves themselves swelling out, and the capsule, from an ovato-oblong figure, becoming more orbicular, as represented at Tan. XXXI. jig. 4. f. In moist weather the openings become contracted, and the capsule recovers its original form, even though the seeds may have been discharged. ‘The calyptra is never elevated with the capsule in the shape of a true calyptra, as in the Musci in ge- neral, nor does it open vertically as in Jungermannia, but is some- * In a note to this passage, Bridel instances as a single exception the genus Sphag- num, in which the lower and torn part of the calyptra remains surrounding the base of the capsule. Andreea of course makes another exception. Nhat Mr. Hooxzn's Observations on Andrea. 387 what transversely and irregularly torn below the summit, in such a manner that a portion of it very frequently, if not always, adheres to the operculum, and remains there till the capsule begins to decay. Ina young state it is tipped with a long hollow style, which soon falls off, and only a short mucro is seen to remain in ' a more advanced state. The internal part of the capsule is en- tirely filled with minute, brown, spherical seeds, except what is occupied by the columella, which is at first succulent and vascu- lose, but soon becomes dry and shrivelled. - CHARACTER ESSENTIALIS. Capsula quadrivalvis, valvarum apicibus operculo adnato. CHARACTER NATURALIS. Fruct. fem. terminalis statu juniore foliis perichætialibus omnind obtecta. | Pistilla numerosa, minuta, oblonga, viridia, quorum unum solum . maturescit, reliqua pedicelli ad basin restant. Pedicellus vix lineam vel sesquilineam longitudine superans, foliis - pericheetialibus paulüm longior, albus, succulentus, vasculosus, - cylindraceus, ad basin in bulbilli formam intumescens. Apophysis oblonga vel turbinata, fusca, substantia pulposä im- "pieta. -mig Capsula ovata, intensè fusca, cylindracea, demum oath cpt gularis, in quatuor valvas equales tr chup sme dehiscens, apicibus semper operculo connexis. Colunella capsule fere longitudine, oblonga; cylindracea, pallidè fusca, apice subacuminata. Semina numerosa, minuta, fusca, adamussim sphærica. Operculum minutum, conicum, capsule concolor in A. alpiná et “mwah, 388 Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. nivali, in rupestri et Rothii albescens, valvarum extremitati semper coheerens. | Calyptra membranacea, pellucens, albida, capsulam obtegens, demum, ut capsula evadat, enormiter et subhorizontaliter de- hiscens. Stylus longiusculus, fuscescens. Fruct. mas. gemmiformis, terminalis. Anthere 3—7, ovato-subcylindracez, pallide fusco-cinerex, su b- pedicellate. : Fila succulenta numerosa, antheris multó longiora, filiformia, sursum versus modo parum incrassata, flavicantia, articulata, articulis longitudine diametrum subzequantibus. - * foliis enervibus. 1, ANDREA alpina. A ndr@a, caule ramoso, foliis ‚oblongo-spathulatis apiculatis enervibus concavis undique imbricatis ; perichatialibus oblongis acutis; interioribus circa pedicellum circumvolutis. Jungermannia alpina. Linn. Sp. Plant. ii. p. 1601. n. 23. Schra- der, Spic. Fl. Germ. pars 1ma. p. 76. Weber, Spic. Fl. Goet. p.152.n. 216. Fl. Dan. tab. 1002. f. 1. Roth, Fl. Germ. 1. (p. 485. n. 30. Andrea petrophila. Ehrhart, Beiträge 1. p. 15. 192. ‘Hap, Deutschlands Flora ii. p. 80. Schrader, Syst. Samml. p. 3. n. 91. Andrea alpina. Hedw. Sp. Musc. p. 49. Musc. Hib. p. 13. Smith, Fil. Brit. iii. p. 1179. (excl. syn. A. rupestris Hedw.) Roth, Fl. Germ. iii. p. 359. Engl. Bot. tab. 1278. Mohr, Fl. Crypt. Germ. p. 883. t. 11. fi 8, 4. Lichegdsieum Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. 589 Lichenastrum alpinum atro-rubens teres, calycibus squamosis; Dill. Hist. Musc. p. 506. t. 13. n. 39. B flavicans ; caulibus elongatis filiformibus; foliis laxè imbrica- tis flavicantibus. | | y compacta; caulibus dense pulvinatis strictissimis, foliis arcte imbricatis. Has. In palustribus montis Cader Idris, summitatem versus. In cautibus humidis, eque ac siccis, montis Snowdon et ubique circa Llanberries. Dillenius. Ireland. Mr. Turner. On the summits of the Highland mountains, not uncommon. B and y on Ben Nevis. Perennis. Æstate. Caules cæspitosi, flexuosè erecti, unciales et ultrà, ramosi, ramis subsimplicibus, appressis, fastigiatis, ubique obsiti foliis laxè undique imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, obovatis, vel potius e basi oblongå spathulatis, apice rotundatis, et mucrone perbrevi apiculatis, concavis, omnino enervibus, atro-rubescentibus ut oculo inermi nigra videantur, sub microscopio tamen flavican- tibus, per totam substantiam longitudinaliter minutissimè punc- tato-striatis ; Perichetialia ovato-oblonga, acutiuscula, circa pe- dicellum arcté imbricata, interiora circa ejus basin convoluta, exteriora erecta et concava, omnia colore substantiäque cauli- norum similia; Perigonialia abbreviata, ovato-subrotunda, acu- minata, concava. Fructificatio; feminea terminalis ; Pedicellus sesanilinearis, foliis perichetialibus feré obtectus, tener, albus, succulentus, demum brunneus, coriaceus, Apophysi coronatus, exiguä, globosä, fusca, capsulà angustiore; Capsula oblongo-ovata, atro-fusca, in qua- tuor valvas zequales, angustas, apice cohzrentes, longitudinaliter fissa; Operculum valvarum apicibus adnatum, conicum, minu- tum, fuscum: Mascula gemmiformis, ramorum brevium latera- YOL. X. SE lium 890 Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. lium ad apices terminalis; Anthere 3—5 subpedicellate ovato- cylindracez, pallidé fusce; Fila succulenta antheris plus duplo longiora, numerosa, flavescentia, filiformia, sursum versus parüm incrassata, articulata, articulis longitudine diametrum subz- quantibus. Var. @ major quam g, triuncialis et ultra, foliis laxiùs imbri- catis magisque flavescentibus; caulibus simpliciusculis, filifor- mibus, tenuibus, flexuosis. | Var. y caules habet densissimé pulvinatim compactos, ramis strictis, equalibus, insigniter fastigiatis; foliis arct® imbricatis, patentibus, quibus ab antecedentibus duabus varietatibus preeci- pue differt :—foliorum color atro-ruber. At first sight this Andrea may be distinguished from its con- geners by its more robust appearance, and by the more striking character of its leaves being imbricated on all sides of the stem, and never in the least secund. The var. 8 is remarkable for its large size, as wellas its paler colour and more distinct leaves. y might without a careful examination of the leaves be almost taken for a distinct species, and differs from « and ß in having the stems as well as branches peculiarly straight and erect, the latter of so equal an height that they form compact tufts, of which the surface is as even as if cut with an instrument. | Although Andrea alpina has been given as a native of several parts of the North of England and Wales, yet I am inclined to. think it may be numbered among our Musci rariores, and that ` A. rupestris has been often mistaken for it. Thus much I can say, that most of the specimens under the name of A. alpina, from the last-mentioned places, that I have had an. opportunity of seeing, have proved to be A. rupestris; and on Ingleborough, where it is said to have been gathered, Mr. Dalton and myself were only able to find rupestris and Rothii. In Scotland, indeed, upon ‚Mr. Hookzr’s Observations on Andrea. 891 upon most of the high mountains, it seems to be not uncommon, and is even plentiful upon Ben Lawers, Ben-y-more, and Ben Nevis, but always upon the rocky summits, and even there of far less frequent occurrence than A. rupestris or Rothii. Mr. Turner has also received Irish specimens, gathered both by Mr. Templeton and Mr. Mackay. 2. ANDREA rupestris. A. caule ramoso, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis apice falcatis enervibus subsecundis; perichetialibus erectis ob- longis: marginibus involutis. 3 / Jungermannia rupestris. Linn. Fl. Suec. 920. ed. ii. p. 402. n. 1045.* Sp. Plant. ii. p. 1601. n. 21. Weber, Spic. Fl. Goet. p. 154. n. 217. ‘Roth. Fl. Germ. i. p. 485. n. 28, iii. P RI n. 14. (excl. Syn. Dill.) Andrea rupestris. Hedw. Sp. Musc. p. AT. t. 7. f. 2. Engl. Bot. t. 1277. (excl. syn. Fl. Brit. et Ae, Mohr, Fl. Crypt. Germ. p. 384. t. 11. f. 5, 6. Has. On the Welsh mountains, Mr. Dillwyn and Rev. H. Davies. Yorkshire, Mr. Robson. On the highland mountains of Scotland, upon dry and barren rocks, not uncommon, Perennis. JEstate. Caules cespitosi, subunguiculares, erectiusculi, nunc simplices, nunc prope basin bifurci, segmentis plerumque indivisis, undique vestiti foliis laxé imbricatis, flavo-olivaceis, laté-lanceolatis, * Linnzus’s description, in the second edition of Flora Suecica more particularly, and in the Species Plantarum, of this plant seems best to accord with A. Rothii; but his own specimens in the Linnzan Herbarium prove this to be the plant he intended, unless, as is most probable, he confounded the two. 3:2 : obtusis, 392 Mr. Hooxzn's Observations on Andrea. obtusis, apice. curvatis, utplurimum secundis, concaviusculis, prorsüs enervibus, dorso punctis minutis elevatis longitudinaliter striatis et quasi papillosis ; Perichetialia reliquis longiora et pe- dicellum subazquantia, erecta, arcté imbricata, appressa, ob- longa, vel oblongo-ovata, concava, obtusa, marginibus parüm involutis, flavescentia, longitudinaliter striata ; orig cau- linorum similia, sed lætiùs flavescentia. Fructificatio; feminea terminalis ; Pedicellus vix lineam longus, albus, succulentus, demum fuscescens, 4pophysi terminatus ob- longa, angusta, fusca; Capsula oblongo-ovata, basi alba atque diaphana, reliqua rufo-fusca, in quatuor valvas oblongas, ab apice ad infra medium, sed non ad basin attingentes, dehiscens ; Operculum capsulæ pro ratione magnum, conicum, album, dia- phanum, valvarum apicibus affixum: Mascula gemmiformis, terminalis; Anthere 4 seu 5, subpedicellate, oblongo-cylindra- cee, effoetae, albidz, subpellucidz ; Fila succulenta, numerosa, lutescentia, filiformia, articulata, antheris sesquilongiora. _ It will readily be seen, on looking at the above synonyms, how little the present plant has been either known or understood ; and, indeed, it has very generally been confounded both with the preceding and the following species. This with respect to the latter is the more surprising, as two plants of the same genus can scarcely be more dissimilar in the structure and form of their leaves. The capsule of this Andrea has a striking pecu- liarity in its white semitransparent base, which is not dehiscent as in the other species, but is probably of a different texture from the rest of the capsule, as well as of a different colour ; from which latter circumstance this part may be taken for a conti- nuation of the apophysis; but {hat is situated just below it, and may be easily distinguished, on dissection, by its being filled with a pulpy substance esty whereas the white base to the capsule Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. 303 capsule contains its portion of the seeds, besides the columella, which passes through its centre and is inserted into the apo- physis. | Andrea rupestris is found in less alpine situations than the last- mentioned species. On dry rocks, which afford nourishment to the various species of Gyrophore, and where there seems to be scarcely a particle of vegetable mould, this little plant may not unfrequently be met with. ** foliis uninervibus. 3. ANDRza Rothu. A. caule simpliciusculo, foliis lanceolato-subulatis falcato-se- cundis uninervibus fragilibus; perichetialibus oblongis ener- vibus: margine involuto. — A. Rothii. Mohr, Fl. Crypt. Germ. p. 385. t. 11. f. 7, 8, 9.* A. rupestris. Smith, Fl. Brit. 1178. Turn. Musc. Hib. p. 14. Lichenastrum alpinum nigricans, foliis capillaceis, reflexis. Dill. - Hist. Muse. p. 507. t. 73. 40. j den Hap. In montibus Arvonie, Snowdon and Glyder, Dillenius. Ireland, Mr. D. Turner. On the Yorkshire and Scotch moun- ., tains, frequent. Perennis. Estate. | Caules ceespitosi, fragiles, vix unguiculares, erecti, plerumque simplices, sed interdum ramosi, ramis subappressis, simplicius- culis, ubique vestiti foliis dens® imbricatis, e basi latiore lan- ceolatä subulatis, falcatis, secundis, rigidis, nervo valido, basi * Engl. Bot. t. 2162. : obsole- 394 Mr. HooxeEr’s Observations on Andrea. obsoletiore, ad apicem percurrente instructis, nigro-viridibus, siccitate omninó nigris, sub lente elegantissime punctatis; Peri- chetialia reliquis breviora, pedicelli vix longitudinem exceden- tia, oblónga vel oblongo-ovata, interiora margine inflexo et pror- süs enervia, exteriora nervo obsoleto infra apicem evanescente percursa; Perigonialia e basi ovato-subrotundä acuminata, con- cava, inferne obsoleté uninervia. Fructificatio ; feminea terminalis; Pedicellus vix lineam longus, albus, demum fuscescens, desinens in apophysin exiguam, ro- tundatam, fuscam, capsula angustiorem ; Capsula ovata, nigro- fusca, basi pellucida, in quatuor valvas angustas ad basin usque longitudinaliter dehiscens; Operculum conicum, minutum, al- bescens :. Mascula gemmiformis, terminalis ; ex Antheris constans $—5, ovato-cylindraceis, subpellucidis, pallidé fuscis; et Fila- mentis succulentis numerosis, filiformibus, articulatis, flavescen- tibus, antheris duplo longioribus. The only botanist who appears to have well understood the three preceding species of Andrea was the late Dr. Mohr, who first described A. Rothii as distinct from rupestris; and gave figures of them all in his excellent Flora Germanica. A. Rothii is far from uncommon in the mountainous parts of the British isles, and is immediately distinguished by its very black colour and small size. It is unquestionably the plant intended by the - name of A. rupestris in the Muscologia Hibernica, which caused Hedwig's figure of the true A. rupestris to be there referred to A. alpina, though its most striking character, the midrib of the leaves, is not noticed by Mr. Turner. In the neighbourhood of Bantry it is so abundant, that, according to Miss Hutchins, the mountains are black with it. 4. ANDREA Mr. Hooker’s Observations on Andrea. 395 4. Anprza nivalis. _A. caule ramoso, foliis laxé imbricatis lanceolatis subfalcatis secundis uninervibus; perichzetialibus conformibus. B fuscescens; foliis insigniter falcatis fuscis. Ha». Upon rocks on the summit of Ben Nevis, at the East end. Perennis. Aistate. e Caules erecti, densissimè cæspitosi, flexuosi, rubieundi, 3-un- ciales et ultra, hi simplices, illi, quod spits accidit, bi-trifurci vel ramis aliquot sparsis brevibus instructi, ubique foliosi; Folia remotiuscula, anguste oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, secunda, subfalcata, paululim concava, spe plana, fusco-viridia, summa pallidiora, omnia minutissimé punctata, et nervo rubescente crassiusculo ad apicem usque attingente percursa; Perichetialia reliquorum similia ; Perigonialia reliquis tripló breviora, ovato- subrotunda, brevitér acuminata, concava, fuscescentia, nervo obscuro prope medium evanescente instructa. Fructificatio ; feminea terminalis; Pedicellus sesquilinearis, fo- liorum longitudinem vix excedens, albo-virescens, basi pardm incrassatus et quasi bulbosus; Apophysis huic insidet minuta, oblonga, fusca, pedicello vix crassior; Capsula ovata, atro-fusca, in quatuor valvas angustas longitudinaliter dehiscens; Operculum minutum, fuscum, valvis adnatum: Mascula frequentissima, gemmiformis, terminalis; Anthere 4 ad 6, oblongz, subpedicel- late, fuscescentes; Fila succulenta numerosa, flavescentia, arti- culata, antherarum longitudinem bis terve excedentia, filiformia, sursüm versus paululüm incrassata. Var. 8 discrepat colore magis fuscescente nitoris omnino ex- perte, foliis densioribus magisque falcatis. This very distinct species of Andrea has hitherto, I believe, : been . 896 Mr. Hooxur’s Observations on Andrea. been observed only by Mr. Borrer and myself upon the rocky summit of Ben Nevis, a mountain scarcely to be equalled by any other in Great Britain for the richness and rarity of its ve- getable productions, particularly in the order of Musci, and which, from its vast extent, must be as yet but partially explored by the Cryptogamic botanist. | A. nivalis produces capsules in the month of July, but spa- ringly, although the male fructification is to be found in plenty at that season, and is easily distinguishable from the rest of the plant by its paler colour Barren specimens, and especially the variety B, have very much the appearance at first sight, both in the mode of growth and colour, of Mr Dickson’s Jungermannia adunca, but the slightest examination of the leaves with a com- mon pocket lens will be sufficient at once to distinguish them. Its nearest affinity is with the preceding species, from which it may always be known by its far greater size and different colour, | by the similarity of the. perichetial leaves to the cauline ones, and by these latter, which are much broader and by no means subulate, so that the nerve’ is furnished on each side with a considerable portion of the leaf to the very apex, whereas in A. Rothii it occupies towards the apex almost the whole breadth of the leaf. The pedicellus too bas a peculiarity that I have not observed in any other species, in its base where the barren pis- tilla are situated being incrassated into a sort of bulb. - ExPrANATION or Tas. XXXI. Fig.1. Anprxa alpina. a. portion of a branch, magnified . . . . . ep nb b leaf . . on ur lI 5 = c. exterior Mr. Hookzn's Observations on Andrea. GO EEE. ee A SEC penpasS BE o. ov lareo a f. 2 antherz and succulent filaments . . . Fig. 2. ANDREA rupestris. d. portion of a branch, maguified b. c. leaves d. perichetial leaf é perigonial ES . . . . MN MET f. 2 anther from which the — - koch discharged, aS succhient filaments... 4. .... o. Fig.3. Anoperza Rothi. capsules, magnified Fe 0 es ne a leaf : j perichetial lead ; o a single anther and succulent Minat I eee. ‘Se o8 Fig. 4. Anprza nivalis. a. a. female plants b. b. male ditto l natural size. c. var. ß & huge NL Ed . .. . . .. e. fully formed capsule with the torn calyptra, iiia and penchetableaf . ... [URS d en f. capsule after the discharge of the eds g. the columella with a few seeds adhering to it h. seeds 7... Bes, s e. s. s. E i. portion of the iaid E. 6. o. cai 397 C" QUO ^ o o mi Co © VOL. X. SF J. leaf 398 Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. DOS Ao Fee VS m male head .-..-....... l exterior perigonial leaf . . m. interior ditto . . . . SE n. anthere and succulent filaments o. anther discharging the pollen . p. succulent filaments ... , Halesworth, Feb, 19th, 1810. o > iei as vo XXI Some Linn . Trans. Vol. X. Tab. 3l.p.398. ( 399 ) XXI. Some Account of an Insect of the Genus Buprestis, taken alive out of Wood composing a Desk which had been made above twenty Years. In a Letter to Alexander MacLeay, Esq. F.R.S. and Sec. L.S. by Thomas Marsham, Esq. Treas. L.S. Read June 19, 1810. MY DEAR SIR, As every circumstance that tends to the illustra- tion of Natural History is particularly gratifying to you, I feel pleasure in announcing to you a curious and extraordinary fact, in our favourite science of Entomology, communicated to me by our Right Honourable friend Sir Joseph Banks, and which I am anxious to have laid before the Linnean Society, with a hope that it may stimulate others to impart similar and other singular facts as they occur, in order that, by collecting and registering a number of such communications, a new and beneficial light may open into the admirable works of the omniscient Creator, and the clouds of darkness that at present overshadow them may be removed. — On the 3d of January 1810, Mr. James Montague, one of the Surveyors to the Corporation of London, on going to his desk in the Office of Works at Guildhall, observed an insect, which had been seen by his brother in the early part of the day, en- 3F2 deavouring 400 Mr. Marsuam’s Account of deavouring to extricate itself from the wood which formed part of the desk. Mr. Montague with his penknife carefully released it from its cell, and it proved to be a beautiful coleopterous insect, of the genus Buprestis, full of strength and vigour. The desk, which is 8 feet 9 inches long and 3 feet 5 inches wide, is made of fir wood, which is perfectly sound. It was fixed in the office in the year 1788 or 1789, and it has remained there, un- touched, ever since, excepting that about three years ago it was planed to remove some ink spots; by which operation the animal had a very narrow escape from being discovered, as was apparent from the thinness of the wood over the cell when it attempted to come out. The insect with a piece of the wood about a foot square, cut out nearly from the middle of the desk, was sent to Sir Joseph Banks ; but a thin shaving had previously been taken from the surface of the board, by the officious care of a car- penter, who chose to shave away the stains of ink. When I first saw this insect alive in Soho Square, both Sir Joseph and myself were much struck with the richness, beauty and elegance of its colours, particularly on account of its having come out of a plank imported from the Baltic, as those splendid insects in general inhabit the hottest climates. On examination, we found it described by Fabricius in his Systema Eleutheratorum, i. 204. 101. as Buprestis splendens, although he adds ** Habitat in China." ]t is also described by Paykull in his Fauna Suecica, vol. iii. 229. 16. under the name of B. splendida. * Habitat in Up- landia rarius.” And Gyllenhall, who has given the best and most particular description of it, in his Insecta Suecica, i. 455. 15. adopts the name of B. splendida after Paykull, and quotes Herlst. Col. ix. 55. 38. which I have no doubt is the same, as this author likewise refers to Paykull. Gyllenhall seems also to think that B. pretiosa of Herbst. ix. 127. 6. tab. 144. fig. C. is the same Linn Trans Vol X Tab. 32. p. 201. an Insect of the Genus Buprestis. — 401 game insect; but in this I cannot agree with him, as neither de- ionfior figure accords with B. splendens. ) breadth of the excavation, as made by the insect, when it was planed down to half its depth. The total length of the channel could not be ascertained, as it is evident the whole width of the plank was not sent. Fig 4. represents a section of the entrance of the full size. i Ä It is a subject of curious inquiry to know in what state the insect remained for such a term of years in this wood, whether as a larva, a pupa, or as a perfectly formed animal, or what length of time in each state. Some insects remain a consider- able time in the larva state, as the Wire-Worm, which is said to be five years before its change into pupa. Others again remain two or three years as pupa, and many coleopterous insects will live a considerable time: in their last or perfect state. The pre- sent discovery, however, establishes one fact, which has hitherto appeared doubtful, viz. where the larve of Buprestis inhabit, and on what substance they feed. ‘The celebrated Baron De Geer, and after him Olivier, suspected that they lived in dry wood, because the first had discovered a dead specimen of Bu- prestis rustica in a beam of a house, and the latter B. Mariana upon the trunks of worm-eaten pine-trees, and in the timber- yard 402 Mr. Marsuam’s Account of yard of the arsenal at Toulon. Many years since a row of the Lombardy poplar was planted on the border of a foot path leading to the Dog and Duck in St. George's Fields, and soon afterwards two of the D. 9-maculata of Ent. Brit. were taken from the trunks of those trees ; but I have not heard that any more of the same species have been taken in Great Britain. - The destructive property of these insects to timber is now evident: and the length of time that this animal lay concealed strengthens an opinion which I have, from several causes, long entertained, that, by the dispensation of Providence, nothing once created shall be entirely lost; but, that although a series of unfavourable seasons may succeed each other, so as to de- stroy the greatest part of many animals, yet a remnant shall remain to propagate and continue the species. In confirmation. of this remark I shall mention one instance, which occurred to my friend William Jones, Esq..of Chelsea, and which I do not recollect to have seen published. This gentleman in one of his entomological excursions took a female of the Phalena Bombya mendica, which laida number of eggs that produced thirty-six cater- pillars: all of these fed, spun their cases, and went into the pupa state in a regular manner: but at the proper season only twelve came ‘out in their perfect state; and as this was no uncommon circumstance he concluded that the rest were dead. To his great astonishment however, the. next. season twelve more made their appearance, and the following year the remainder burst into life, equally perfect with the foregoing. How is this extraordinary fact to be accounted for, except by the abovementioned supposi- tion? They all fed alike, spun up about the same time, were equally exposed to the same atmosphere of heat and cold, and yet the result was so widely different. The question I am aware an Insect of the Genus Buprestis. 403 . aware is more easily proposed than answered; yet it is not im- possible but that future observations may lead to an explanation of this mystery. I cannot conclude this letter without mentioning another cu- rious circumstance related to me by Sir Joseph Banks. The Sirex Gigas was seen in the nursery of a gentleman, to the no small discomfiture of both nurse and children in consequence of its size and wasp-like appearance; and a few days afterwards several insects of that species came. out of the floor of the same room. I once had one sent to me, which was reported to have eaten its way through a leaden pipe; and the Sirex Juvenca, a large blue one, 1 found in my own bedchamber, in a house that had been newly built. That numbers of exotic insects are imported into this country in timber, and different packages of goods, there is no doubt; and therefore it becomes the duty of the British Entomologist to be cautious how he arranges them, and not to consider every insect to be British that is found alive in this country. Iam, &c. | : Tuomas MARSHAM. XXH. Er- ( 404 ) XXII. Extracts from the Minutr-Boox of the LINNEAN Society of Lonpon. Dec.6,'T uz Treasurer communicated a letter from the Rev. 1808. William Bingley, F.L.S., giving an account of his having taken Forficula gigantea of Fabricius on the West Beach near Christchurch, on the 7th of July last. Mr. Bingley states, that as he was walking on the Beach just at the close of the evening, he saw two or three large insects running along the sand, about or rather below high- water mark, and from their size and manner he took them to be young Mole Crickets. Surprised at seeing such insects in that situation, he examined them as well as the light would permit, and, by their immense forceps and size, found them to be a species of Forficula hitherto un- described as British. He took home some specimens, and ascertained them to be the Forficula gigantea of Fabricius. From subsequent observations he concludes that these in- sects seldom or never quit their hiding-places in the day- time. A friend of Mr. Bingley's sought for them afterwards in the same place, and found a great number concealed under large stones about the sands. Mr. Bingley- some- times put three or four together into his box; and the con- sequence was, that one of them was frequently devoured by the rest. In their habits these insects greatly resem- ble the common Earwig; but when approached they turn "p Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean Society. 403 up their abdomen in the manner of the large Staphylini, bending the extremity quite over the head, which they defend by means of their enormous forceps. The largest. he could procure was nearly fifteen lines in length, exclu- sive of the antenne, which measured somewhat more than half an inch. , Nov.7, Mr. Sowerby, F.L.S. communicated the following ac- 1809. count of a remarkable stone, known by the name of the Blowing-Stone, on the road from Farringdon to Uffington, in Berkshire. ~ : ; j The Blowing-Stone is placed near the front of a little public-house, to which it gives its name. It is an un- wrought Sand-stone, about three fect high, three fect wide, and. nearly eighteen inches in thickness, having na- tural perforations, One of these perforations begins at the upper end on one side, and passes to the other side a little lower down. It is eighteen inches in length, about an inch in diameter at the upper end, and nearly two - inches at the lower; thus forming a tube like a horn, and when filled with wind sounds like one, and may be heard at a considerable distance. Any one used to blowing a horn can sound it. Mr. Sowerby has not been able to determine whether these perforations were caused by roots of trees or by an animal; but he concludes that they have been formed in the same manner as those observed in . some of the Sand-stone found on Marlborough Downs. Mr. Sowerby also communicated the following account of a pit about two miles from Farringdon, cómmonly called the Farringdon Gravel Pit. * This pit is of a nature not yet described, being a rock VOL. x. 34 | com- 406 Extracts from the Minute- Book of the Linnean Society. composed of petrified animal remains, which agree in structure much better with the Alcyoniums than with any thing else I can recollect. The rock exposes some hundreds of yards of strata and surface; and, being chiefly composed of heaps on heaps of these substances, is truly curious. It is cemented together by brown and reddish oxide of iron, which often covers the animal remains in a peculiar manner with a fine crust of spiculz, giving a velvety lustre to them when the light catches on their shining sides. Besides these Zoophytes there are remarkable Belemnites, mostly worn; and a stratum about an inch thick, that presents little else than spines of Echini. There are also some Nautili, and small peb- bles of every description, to be found in this rock." Mar.6, Read the following Observations on some Plants of the 1811. Flora Japonica, by A. B. Lambert, Esq. V.P.L.S. Mr. Lambert having lately received a collection of spe- cimens of plants from Japan, and another from Egypt, he has been enabled to determine two species of plants belong- ing to the genus Mimosa of Linn. which have hitherto re- mained doubtful among botanists. One is the Mimosa Leb- beck of Linn. found by Hasselquist, who describes it in the Act. Ups. 1750. p. 9. It. 473. “ foliis pinnatis” instead of foliis bipinnatis; which has caused the mistakes of subse- "quent writers on that genus. Jacquin was the first who made this plant a new species under the name of Mimosa speciosa. ‘his name has been taken up in the first edition of the Hortus Kewensis, and Willdenow in his Species Plant. has called it Acacia speciosa; but from Mr. Lam- bert’s specimens it is evident that Acacia speciosa and Acacia Lebbeck Willd. are the same plant. The other is uv : the Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean Society. 407 the plant which is described by Thunberg in his Flora Japon. under the name of Mimosa arborea, first shown to be an error by the late Mr. Dryander in Kampf. Icon. Select. published by Sir Joseph Banks. Thunberg after- wards, in his paper on Japan plants in the second volume of the Trans. Linn. Soc., named it Mimosa speciosa. Will- denow in his edition of Species Plant. calls it Acacia Nemu ; he appears to have made his description from Kempfer’s figure, and places it in the genus next to his Acacia Juli- brissen. ‘The Japan specimens in Mr. Lambert's possession prove that the Mimosa Julibrissen of the Hort. Kew., the Acacia Julibrissén of Willdenow Sp. Plant., and the Acacia Nemu of the same author, are all the same plant. The figure in Gmelin's Travels, vol. iii. p- 372, pl. 40, which he calls there Mimosa arborea, seems not to have been quoted by any of the editors ofthe Species Plantarum, except Richard, who has taken it up as Mi- mosa Lebbeck with a doubt. Having found very fine spe- cimens of Gmelin's plant in Pallass Herbarium, sent to . - him by Gmelin, and from which his figure was drawn, Mr. Lambert has been enabled to determine it to be Mi- mosa Julibrissen of Linn. Hort. Kew, ed. 1, and Acacia Ju- librissen of Linn. Species Plantarum by Willdenow. —— Hypoxis spicata of Thunberg’s Flor. Japonica, which is Aletris farinosa of the same author in the second volume of the Trans. Linn. Soc., is a new species, and Thunberg’s spe- - cific character sufficiently distinguishes it from the Lin- nean plant, to which at first sight it seems nearly allied. Mr. Lambert therefore calls it Aletris Japonica. 362 CATA- Y ^ AT) CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. Continued from Page 328 of Vol. IX. of the Society's Transactions. u mn — | N. B. Books, which are Continuations of Works, included in any of the former Parts of the Catalogue, have the original Numbers here affixed to them; and the other Books are numbered in regular Progression. I -o 670. Bav (Casp.) Prodromus Theatri Botanici. Basil. 1672, 4to. 671. Bernardi (A. B.) Sicularum Plantarum Centuria prima. Panormi, 1806, 8vo. 672. Bournon (Le Comte de) Traité de Mineralogie, premiere per 3 tom. Lon- ` dres, 1808, 4to. 673. Brown (R.) On the Natural Order of Plants called Asclepiadez. Edin. 1810, 8vo. 674. —— — - Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandiz, vol. 1. London, 1810, 8vo. 675. Clark's (Bracy) Dissertatiop on the Foot of the Horse, part 1st. London, 1809, 4to. 676. Crosfield's (G.) Calendar of Flora at Warrington, in 1809. Warrington, 1810, 8vo. 677. Delacroix (D.) Connubia Florum, ed. R. Clayton, Baroneto. Bath, 1791, 8vo. 678. Delaroche (F.) Eryngiorum Historia. Paris. 1808, fol. - 679. Observations sur des Poissons recueillis dans un Voyage aux Isles Baleares et Pythiuses, Paris, 4to. 680. Observations sur la Vessie Aerienne des Poissons. Paris, 4to. 538. Dillwyn’ s (L. W.) Synopsis of British Conferve, fasc. 14—16. London, 1808— 9, 4to. 681. Fallen (Carl. Fredric) Preside, Diss. de Beta Pabulari, ` Lundze, 1792, 4to. 682. Harris's (W.) Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Institution. London, 1809, 8yo. 548. Haworth Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society. 409. 548. Haworth (A. H.) Lepidoptera Britannica, pars 2da. Lond. 1809, 8vo. 683. Klein (Jac. Theod.) An Tithymaloides frutescens foliis Nerii. Gedani, 1730, fto. 554. Konig (C.) and J. Sims's Annals of Botany, No. 6. London, 1806, 8vo. 650. Latreille (A. P.) Genera Crustaceorum et [nsectorum, tom. 4tus. Paris, 1809, 8vo. 685. Loudon (J.) The Utility of Agricultural Knowledge to the Sons of the Landed Proprietors of England. London, 1809, 8vo. 686. Marsden’s (W.) History of Sumatra, 3d ed. London, 1811, 4to, with Atlas fol.. 687. Martin's (W.) Outlines of a System of Extraneous Fossils. ^ Macclesfield, 1809, 8vo. 688. Monro (A.) On the Structure and Physiology of Fishes. Edin. 1785, fol. 561. Montagu's (G.) Supplement to Testacea Britannica. Loudon, 1808, 4to. 689. Neale (A.) Letters from Spain and Portugal. London, 1809, 4to. 690. Paulet (Joann. Jacob.) Tabula Plantarum Fungosarum. Paris. 1791, 4to, 691. Pennant’s (T.) Tours in Wales, 3 vols. London, 1810, 8vo. 692. Pona (J.) Plante quz in Baldo Monte reperiuntur. Basil. 1608, 4to. 693. Raffeneau-Delisle (Alire) Dissertation sur les Effets d'un Poison de Java, appelé Upas tieuté. Paris, 1809, 4to. 694. Reeve's (H.) Essay on the -Torpidity of Animals. London, 1809, 8vo. Retzii (A. J.) Dissertationes Academice. Lund, 1808, 4to. 695. | De Plantis Cibariis Romanorum, 696. —— Om. Kil. 697. Sabatti (L. et C.) Hortus Romanus, tom. 1—7. Roms, 1772—84, fol. 511. Shaw's (G.) General Zoology, vol. 7th, parts t and 2: London, 1809, 8vo. _ 698. — Zoological Lectures, 2 vols. London, 1809, 8vo. Se; 699. Smith’s s E.) Introduction to Fopnotogicil and Systematic Botany, 2d RE London, 1809, 8vo. 700. Tour to Hafod. London, 1810, fol. 377. | and Sowerby's English Botany, vol. 27—31. London, 1808— 10, 8vo. 568. Sowerby's (J.) British Mineralogy, No. 50—65. London, 1808—11, 8vo. 386. English Fungi, No. 28, 29. London, 1809, fol. NM New Elucidation of Colours. London, 1809, 4to. "702. Spence’s (W.) Agriculture the Source of Wealth of cam Britain. London, 1808, 8vo. 703. Britain Independent of Commerce, 6th edition. London, 1808, 8vo. - 704. Radical Cure of the Present Distresses of the West-India Planters. .. . London, 1808, 8vo. E 704. Line 410 Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society. 704. Linnwi Philosophia — es quarta, cura C. Sprengel. Hale ad Salam, 1809, Bvo. 705. Thompson's (J. V.) Catalogue of Plants growing in the Vicinity of Berwick- pr Tweed. London, 1807, 8vo. Thunberg (C. P.) Dissertationes Academicze Ee 4to. 106. Betula. 1807. 707. Dracena. 1808. 708. Museum Naturalium Academie Upsaliensis Append. 14. 1807. — | 709. Reformanda Pharmacopoez Suecicee Specimen 7tum, 1807. 710. - Flora Capensis, vol. 1, pars prima. Upsaliæ, 1807, 8vo. 711. Ventenat (E. P.) Decas Generum Novorum aut parum cognitorum. ` Paris. 1808, 8v0. 712. Wade’s (W.) Oaks, from the French of Michaux. Dublin, 1809, 8vo. 713. Sketch of Lectures on Artificial or Sown Grasses. Dublin, 1808, 8vo. : . "114. - on Meadow and Pasture Grasses. Dublin, 1808, 8vo. 715. Annales du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, par les Professeurs de cet Etablissement, 15 tom. Paris, 1802—10, 4to. 528. Asiatick Researches, vol. 9. Calcutta, 1807, 4to. 438. Philosophical Transactions for 1808—10. London, 4to. s 665. Transactions of the „Horticultural Society of Penton, yet: l, part = m 1808, 4to. | kj XA de ia i 527. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 6, part 2d. Edin. 1809, 4to. 439. Transactions of the Society for the Enevemesinniit of Arts, Manufactures, and `- Commerce, vol. 25—27. London, 1807—9, 8vo. 716. Some Account of the late Peter.Collinson. London, 1770, 4to. i 717. Observations on the Brumal Retreat of the Swallow, by Philochelidon. London, 1808, Svo. uit = LIST i364) - E LIST OF DONORS LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. With References to the Numbers affixed in the foregoing Catalogue to the Books presented by them respectively. THE Royal Society of London, 438. The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 527. The Asiatick Society, 528. | The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, 439. The Horticultural Society of London, 665. T The Managers of the Royal Institution, 682. The Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K.B. H.M.L.S. 683. 690. Anton. Bivona Bernardi, 671. Le Comte de Bournon, F.M.L.S. 672. Mr. Robert Brown, Libr. L.S. 673. 674. 711. Alexander P. Buchan, M.D. F.L.S.. 677. Rev. John Burrell, M. A. F.L.S. 688. Mr. Bracy Clark, F.L.S. 675. Mr. George Crosfield, 676. F. Delaroche, M.D. 678. 679. 680. Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Esq. F.L.S. 538. The late Jonas Dryander, Esq. V.P.L.S. 681. 706. 707. 708. 709. 710. Thomas Forster, Esq. F.L.S. 717. 412 Donors to the Library of the Linnean Society. Adrian Hardy Haworth, Esq. F.L.S. 548. Sir Thomas Maynard-Hesilrige, Bart. F.L.S. 697. - Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. V.P.L.S. 670. 692, William Lewis, Esq. F.L.S. 716. Mr. John Loudon, F.L.S. 685. Alexander MacLeay, Esq. Sec. L.S. 650. William Marsden, Esq. F.R.S. 686. The late Mr. William Martin, F.L.S. 687. George Montagu, Esq. F.L.S. 561. Adam Neale, M.D. F.L.S. 689. David Pennant, Esq. F.L.S. 691. Henry Reeve, M.D. F.L.S. 694. Andreas Johannes Retzius, F.M.L.S. 695. 698. George Shaw, M.D. F.L.S. 511. 698. John Sims, M.D. F.L.S. 554. ‘ James Edward Smith, M.D. P.L.S. 693. 699. 700. Mr. James Sowerby, F.L.S. 377. 386. 568. 701. William Spence, Esq. F.L.S. 702. 703. 704. Kurt Sprengel, M.D. 684. John Vaughan Thompson, Esq. F.L.S. 705. Walter Wade, M.D. A.L.S. 712. 713. 714. . DONA. (418 y DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Exclusive of many Presents of single Specimens of Animals, Plants, and Minerals. DONATIONS. Donors. SKINS of the Mountain Ram, and of another Animal, from the interior Part of Canada . "Lieut. Gen. Thos. Davies, F. L.S. Specimens of Meleagris Satyra, Phasianus igni- tus, and two other Indian Birds.,....... SESE nines VLE Specimens of 34 Birds from Berbice . e Alexander MacLeay, Esq. Sec. L.S. An extensive Cabinet of Insects ....... eee ge = Hon. Sir Joseph Banks Bart. Vries Cot Thos. Hardwick, F.L.S. A Cabinet of European Lepidopterous Insects.. John Symmons, Esq. F.L.S.. A Collection of English Shells.............. Rev. Hugh Davies, F.L.S. A Collection of Shells, chiefly from the Red Sea Viscount Valentia, F.L.S. A Collection of dried Plants, named on the Mr. James Dickson, F.L.S. Authority of the Linnean Herbarium : Hortus siccus Britannicus, Fasc. 1—19....... A Collection of Specimens of Mints........ . Mr. W. Sole, A.L.S. A Collection of dried Marine Plants, in two 1 John Stackhouse, Esq. F.L.S. Books op eee es or Specimens of Confervee, figured in the Synopsis [^ W. Dillwyn, Esq. F.L.S. of British Conferve ,.... enn VOL, X. Soto 414 Donations to the Museum of the Linnean Society. Donations, : E Donors. Specimens of dried Plants..... enn ss s ss. Mr. John Fairbairn, F.L.S.- Specimens of Plants collected in the County of Mayo by Dr. Patrick Browne A. B. Lambert, Esq. V.P.L.S. Specimens of Plants from Barbadoes......... | A Collection of dried Plants from Portugal.... W. Withering, Esq. F.L.S. A large Collection of dried Plants from India 'W. Roxburgh, M.D. F.L.S. and the Cape of Good Hope............ } a . A Collection of Specimens of Plants from Ja- oe Gee ere 709 "devil ee es et Iv. Wright, M.D. ALS. An arranged Collection of Lichens, with Re- ! ^ ference to the Methodus Lichenum, and to f. i ‚the unpublished Lichenographia Universa- BE Acher snes ABS lis of the Donor..... ren ER A Portrait of the late Dr. Solander,.......... R. A. Salisbury, Esq. F.L.S. - A Portrait of the late Henry Seymer, Esq...... A.B. Lambert, Esq. V.P.L.S. N.B. The Museum bequeathed by the late Dr. Pulteney, as noticed in the Sixth Volume of the Society's Transactions, P- 390, consists of an extensive Collection of Shells, an Herbarium Britannicum, a Collection of exotic Plants, and.a Collection of Minerals. E Directions Directions for placing the Plates of the Tenth Volume. Tas. 1. Brodiza congesta - = = to face page 3 2. Knightia excelsa E > 7 s ui 3. Dryandra formosa - s wae - 918 4. Cardamom Plant - x Š z a gem. 5 s E - - - - 948 6. Pentstemon frutescens & Lobelia sessilifolia - - 259 7. Phelipzea foliata er es k * z - 260 8. Chamzrops humilis - " = x - 968 9. Vaccinium praestans } 10. Rumex graminifolius d = x S 11. Lilium camtschatcense - - = . - 965 12. Centrolepis cuspidigera & C. zemula - $ - 283 13. Pimelea curviflora & P. glauca - = -` - 285 14. Pimelea filamentosa & P. spicata - - - - 287 15. Xyris elongata & Scirpus gracilis — - T > - 289 16. Persoonia pinifolia & P. hirsuta - - à - 290 17. Conospermum ericifolium & Zieria pilosa 2 - 292 18. Cryptandra ericifolia & C. amara ens - 294 19. Styphelia reflexa & Lasiopetalum parviflorum - - 296 20. Pittosporum fulvum we, T MP - - 298 21. Marsdenia suaveolens & Trachymene incisa - - 299 24. Xanthosia pilosa & Poranthera ericifolia 4 > - 301 23. Dawsonia polytrichoides - CH s = - 324 24. Shells - - : - . - -. 999 25. Ormosia coccinea - - - - - - 360 26, Ormosia dasycarpa - . é ate - 362 27. Ormosia coarctata - - 5 > - 363 28. Brunonia australis } @ Age - - - - - 370 29. Brunonia sericea 30. Menziesia caerulea & M. Bryantha > - - 379 31. Andrea - - - s = | - 898 32. Buprestis splendens - . - - - 401 — : 'The Binder is requested to observe, that as a general Title-page and a Table | of Contents for the whole volume are now given, the Title-pages to the sepa- rate Parts, and the Table of Contents for Part L, are to be cancelled. ERRATA. - Page Ae '1. 12, fer polleniferous read polliniferous. IR , L T from the bottom, for Josephia read Dryandra. =; 1. 22, for Agastachya read Agastachys. eo 30, 1. 3, for Gevuina read Guevina. ER nm ; St E 91, for J'asephia read Dryandra. = Ce NERO 34, ü 18, for Ahena read Akena. à 48, I. 13, for apice read apici; for latere read lateri. i a 48, I, 4 from the bottom, for Rhaphi read Raphe. 52, i. 9, after floribus add ( ; ) and erase it after separata. BT, 1. 1, for disc. read desc. 88, I. 12, erase hyphen between dimidio anid brevioribus. 2 105, Mimetes,—the specific names of this genus when adjectives. to terminate 1 in us. . 112, I. 94, after Hoot erase (.) 137, I. 3, for spicato read spicata. zo! f . 15,1. 6; insert (,) after er and erase it after breviore, 2 ; 159, U 3, for ore read ora. _ 169, 1. 12, for Lyssostyuıs read Lissosty Lis. 198, 1. 96, erase observavimus. Y f Si 200, 1. 17, after 5 insert L. : z ; =. 223, 1, 2, for Gevuina read Guevina. | ; 1 i 924, 1. 98, for Apocinice read Apocince, ae 996, L8 from the bottom, erase et auctum. as 312, l 7. for necessary read a 316, 4 19, after modo erase the (.) _ Tab. II. fig. 3, erase the lines which miss with dis dei * END OF THE TENTH VOLUME, Printed by Richard Taylor and Co., Shoe- Lane, London,