Saeed, De ; Be SE NOW READY, AND TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY. Vols. I & H. III. New Series, (or Vols. V. VI. & VII. of the Entire Work), containing & 100 Plates and Text, bound in cloth, London, 1842—44. Price £1. 8s. each vol, OF THE ICONES PLANTARUM; OR, ; iq FIGURES WITH BRIEF DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS AND REMARKS OF NEW a | F AND RARE PLANTS, SELECTED FROM THE AUTHOR'S HERBARIUM. BY SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.C.H. LL.D, F.R.A. & L.S. & VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNJEAN SOCIETY, AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS OF KEW. Now ready, Five sheets of Letter-press, with a Coloured Plate and a Woodcut. Price 4s. NOTES ON THE BOTANY oF THE ANTARCTIC VOYAGE, CONDUCTED BY CAPTAIN JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N. F.R.S. &c. &c. &c. IN HER MAJESTY’S DISCOVERY SHIPS EREBUS AND TERROR; WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE TUSSAC GRASS OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS, BY SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H. L.L.D. F.R.A. & L.S. VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNJEAN SOCIETY, AND DIRECTOR UF THE ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS OF KEW. In 1 vol. nce with 75 Plates and Descriptions, in boards. London, 1844. £1 1s | SERTUM PLANTARUM; Li OR, DRAWINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF RARE AND UNDESCRIBED PLANTS FROM THE AUTHOR'S HERBARIUM. BY H. B. FIELDING, F.L.S. & R.G.S. ASSISTED BY GEORGE GARDNER, F.L.S. SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, CEYLON. THE LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY; CONTAINING FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS oF SUCH PLANTS AS RECOMMEND THEMSELVES BY THEIR NOVELTY, RARITY, HISTORY, OR USES; TOGETHER WITH BOTANICAL NOTICES AND INFORMATION, AND OCCASIONAL MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BOTANISTS; BY SIR W. J. HOOKER, -K.H., LLD, ERA, & LS. ETS VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNHIAN SOCIETY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY; MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY CJESAR-LEOPOLD. NATURA® CURIOSORUM OF THE IMPERIAL SOCIETY CÆSAR, NATUR/E CURIOSORUM OF MOSCOW; OF THE ROYAL ACADEMIES OF SWEDEN, PRUSSIA, LUND; OF THE ACADEMIES OF PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORE, BOSTON; OF THE NAT. HIST. SOCIETY OF MONTREAL, &c. &c. AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS OF KEW. VOL. Il. [j WITH TWENTY-FOUR PLATES, LONDON: HIPPOLYTE BAILLIERE, PUBLISHER, FOREIGN BOOKSELLER TO THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, AND TO THE ROYAL MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY, ; 219, REGENT STREET. PARIS: J. B. BAILLIERE, RUE DE L'ÉCOLE DE MÉDECINE. LEIPZIG: T. O. WEIGEL. 1844. THE LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY. EDITED BY SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H., LLD.: F.R.S. & L.S. JouRNAL oF A NaTuRALIST in some little known parts of New ZEALAND, by WiLLIAM CoLEnso, Ese., in a Let- ter to Sir W. J. Hooker. Ever since the publication of the celebrated Voyage of Captain Cook a lively interest has been felt in all that con- cerns the productions of New Zealand. Of late years that interest has been increased tenfold, in consequence of the . rapid colonization of the islands by British Emigrants. Still, to the Naturalist, it has been very much a sealed country. Many of the plants collected during Sir J. Banks? and Mr. Menzies’ visits are yet lying in our Herbaria un- published; and the * Flore Insularum Nove Zelandie Pre- cursor,"* of Mr. Allan Cunningham, edited by ourselves, - partly in the * Companion to the Botanical Magazine," and partly i in the * Annals of Natural History," enumerates only six hundred and forty species (including Cryptogamie), ana these chiefly the products of the northern island and of the - shores of that island. It has been remarked by Mr. A. Cun- ningham, * When we consider how little has been seen of the Botany of the northern island, notwithstanding that. Eu- ropeans (engrossed truly in mercantile speculations) have now been settled several years upon its coasts; that the plants of the interior of its more expanded parts from the * Companion to the Botanical Magazine, vol. 2, p. 230. VOL, HL — Ee B | 9 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST eastern to the western shores, which lie in the parallels of . 38° and 39°, are absolutely wholly unknown, for no Bota- nist would deem it prudent to attempt a penetration, what- ever his zeal may be, to its inland districts through which extirpating civil wars so extensively rage; when we glance at the map and perceive its snowy peaks, and especially that of Mount Egmont on the immediate western coast, the apex of which towers 14,000 feet above the ocean, whose waves wash its base, the upper part from the peak downwards to an extent of 5000 feet being clothed with eternal snows; in fine, when we reflect upon the fact, that (ex- cepting at its northern shore in Cook’s Strait and at Dusky Bay on its south western coast) the Botany of the larger or middle island is, to this day, veiled from our know- ledge, we cannot but exclaim at the rich store of vegetable productions which yet remains to be laid before us! For the “© Precursor” contains perhaps but a tithe of what may one day be shown us; but a foretaste to excite our desires to be- hold what the future labours of Botanists may, it is hoped ere long, lay open to our eyes. Long since has that learned Botanist, Mr. Brown, remarked that the character of the New Zealand Flora known to us chiefly from the materials collected by Sir Joseph Banks, is to a considerable degree peculiar, although it bears also a certain affinity to those of the two great countries between which it is situated, and approaching rather to that of Terra Australis than to South America.” Since the period at which the above was written many plants from New Zealand have been communicated to me by Mr. Colenso, Mr. Edgerley and Dr. Logan, constant residents in the northern island; and Mr. Bidwill, Dr. Sinclair, Dr. Dief- fenbach and Dr. Hooker collected during their casual vi- 3 sits:—I cannot give a better idea of the value of their - communications than by saying that whereas no species of - Beech tree had ever been known to inhabit this group of : islands, four distinct kinds have been brought to light by these researches, and are already published in our “Jcones Plan- 1N NEW ZEALAND. 3 farum”.* Valuable as are the discoveries of all those gentlemen whose names are now mentioned, there is one of them who deserves more particular mention, Mr. Colenso, and who, if his health and strength be spared, and leisure from his arduous duties as a devoted Missionary be granted, will contribute still more than he has yet done to the elucidation of the Botany and Natural History, generally, of New Zealand. His con- tinued residence in the Islands, his entire familiarity with the language, his acquaintance with the character of the Aborigines, his influence as one of the most energetic of the Church Missionary Society,t his liberality and hos- pitality to visitors (as the officers of H. M. Discovery Ships, Erebus and Terror, can testify) and his frequent journies, all give him advantages which no other traveller there has enjoyed; and admirably does he take advantage of the facili- ties he thus possesses. The pages of this Journal and more especially those of our “ Icones Plantarum" bear witness to many of the discoveries made by Mr. Colenso. We have lately received a valuable Monograph of several new Ferns of New Zealand from the same pen, published in the Tasma- nian Philosophical Journal, an admirable Memoir on the Fossil Bones of a bird allied to the Ostrich which, together with the specimens of the bones themselves, I have placed in the hands of Professor Owen ;—and now I have lately had the pleasure to receive the following letter, giving a most interesting account of a three months' tour across the widest part ofthe northern Island, which was productive of still more botanical novelties, and which I am sure will be hailed * See Tabs. pcxxx, DCXXXI, DCXXXIX, DCLII and DCLXx111, of that work, + As a specimen of the services rendered to the cause of Christianity, I may observe, that there are new lying before me, admirably bound copies of the New Zealand Testament and the Prayer Book, each of them bearing the inscription, ** At a time when no mechanic was to be found here (New Zealand) this book was composed and finished, binding included, by the writer, W. Colenso, Superintendent of C.M,S. Printing depart- ment in New Zealand, 1842. ? y B 2 4 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST with pleasure by every reader of this Journal. Great though the tide of emigiation to New Zealand has been, the hills and the vallies are still clothed with their aboriginal vegeta- tion: but ere the next generation shall have succeeded the present, its stately forests proved to be so valuable in yielding spars for the British navy will be levelled with the ground ; and, as in St. Helena and other islands of limited extent, an exotic but naturalized vegetation will take their place ; even the very animals now common will be extirpated. Already the majestic Cowdie, or New Zealand Pine is become scarce in many parts of the northern island, and that most remark- able bird, the Apteryx australis,* is almost extinct. Very many of the plants alluded to in the following pages are here only mentioned by the numbers they bearin the collection sent to us by Mr. Colenso. Several of these have proved new: others require investigation and a comparison with specimens already existing in our own and other Her- barium, a work of much time, and I am unwilling to with- hold the Journal from the public till such period as these plants could be named with accuracy. The circumstance is the less to be regretted, since the Botanist of the recent Antarctic Voyage, Dr. Hooker, is preparing a * Flora of New Zealand,” in which Mr. Colenso's plants of the present Journey will be referred to according to their numbers.” Paihia, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, September 1, 1842. My dear Sir William, Having recently returned from a three months' tour among the natives in the little known districts of this island, and having been fortunate enough to obtain some Botanical spe- cimens, among which it is hoped several new and interesting ..* See vol. 4, p. 312, of the Annals of Natural History, for an account of this bird, by Mr. Allan Cunningham. IN NEW ZEALAND. 5 species will be found, I promise myself the pleasure of going * over my collection and culling for you specimens therefrom ; which will not, I trust, be considered altogether unworthy of a place in your valuable Herbarium. I have, I confess, hitherto postponed doing so in hopes of receiving some Botanical works of reference from England. I will not, however, delay any longer, choosing rather to trust to your charity to cover my numerous and egregious errors, than by waiting a still further indefinite period, pro- crastinate the pleasure which you, as a Botanist and a true lover of the science, will, I well know, experience on the re- ceipt of the plants. As I may possibly have it in my power to make a few remarks, en passant, on the Natural History, Geology, As- pect, and Inhabitants of the districts which I traversed, I have decided upon throwing my observations into the form ofa Journal; by which, too, you may the better be able to ascertain, in some degree at least, the Botanical Geography and relative situation of those parts. On Friday, November 19, 1841, I E TE at the Bay of Islands, in the schooner Columbine for the East Cape, (lat. 37° 7”) and, on the evening of Monday the 22nd, landed at Warekahika (Hick’s Bay), a small bay between Cape Runaway and the East Cape. The surf being very high on the beach, and the captain of the schooner wishing to proceed on his voyage (to Poverty Bay) with as little delay as possible, the wind too being fair, I was obliged to scramble on shore through the breakers as expeditiously as I could. In the course of the evening I was not a little cha- grined to find, that the package containing the whole of my specimen paper, &c. &c., had, in the hurry of disembark- ing, been left behind on board of the vessel, which was now rapidly receding beyond the horizon! I had landed at this place five years’before in my former visit to these parts. Although night was fast closing around me, (and I felt very much exhausted, having had three days of fasting through excess of sea-sickness), I noticed growing on the sand-hills 6 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST near the shore, a small shrubby plant (1) with fleshy leaves and erect succulent stems; which, though not yet in flower, + I supposed, from its 2-celled capsule, &c., to be a species of Euphrasia, probably E. cuneata, Forst.; that species having been found in similar situations a little further south, by Sir Jos. Banks, in 1769. The next morning I proceeded on towards Te Kawakawa, a village on the sea-shore, about six miles distant. In my way thither I found, growing in sheltered spots among the sand-hills, a pretty little decumbent compositaceous species (2) which was quite new to me. Ascending a high hill, and gaining its summit, I observed a graceful-flowered plant growing secluded among the tangled brakes of Pteris escu- lenta; at first sight I hoped it might prove Forstera sedi- folia; but, on procuring specimens, I found it to be a Lobelia (3), probably L. littoralis, R. Cunn. At Te Kawa- kawa l remained a day or two, much, however, too busily engaged with the natives to move out in quest of botanical specimens. From the cliffs in the immediate neighbourhood I gained several marine fossils; these are chiefly imbedded in indurated clay and conglomerate. During my stay at this place, one of the heaviest hail showers fell that I ever wit- nessed. The hail was large and rhomboidal, the one half (laterally) of each stone was composed of clear, and the other half of clouded, ice. The oldest natives speak of only re- membering one such shower. 25th.— Leaving Te Kawakawa and travelling by the sea- side, we passed several of the Taro plantations of these natives, (Caladium esculentum, Vent.). These plantations were in nice condition, and looked very neat, the plants being planted in Quincunx order and the ground strewed with white sand, to which the large pendulous dark green and shield-shaped leaves of the young plants formed a beautiful contrast: small screens, composed of the young branches of Leptospermum scoparium, intersected the grounds in every direction to shelter the young plants from the violence of the N. and E. winds. The visitor to this locality, travelling along IN NEW ZEALAND. 7 the coast, is struck with the regular aud pleasing appearance -of the Pohutukawa, (Metrosideros tomentosa, A. Cunn.), which here forms a living and ever-green rampart between the sea- beach and the main-land; its roots and trunks, in many places, laved by the flowing tide. On these flat rocks of indu- rated clay I observed a peculiar kind of Alga (3a), which, boiled, is commonly used as an article of food by the natives of these parts: they call it Karengo. It grows large and quite procumbent; and is often dried up and caused to ad- here to the rocks which it inhabits, through the great heat of the sun, after the ebbing of the tide. On the sandy beach near the East Cape I found a species of Triglochin(4), (T. flaccidum?) much finer than any I had hitherto seen. I did not (as in my former visit) go round the Cape, (a bold and high promontory, composed of indurated clay, reclining back in solemn grandeur, on the face of which, from the continual descent of débris from its summit and sides, nothing grows,) as it was near high-water; but striking in- land I found, on a little sandy plain, a Veronica (5), which to me was quite new, and may possibly be a new species. It grew low and rambling, not exceeding 2 feet in height. Un- fortunately it was not in flower ; but after some little search, I obtained some spikes of the capsules of last season. About this time it commenced raining heavily, so I was obliged to give over botanizing. Our prospect, at this period of our journey, was anything but pleasant. Descending the side of a hill through a small water-course, I obtained a remarkably fine individual of Acianthus rivularis, A. Cunn., and also several specimens of a little plant, Myosotis, sp. 7, (6) with orbiculate or sub-spathulate leaves, and racemed flowers; I subsequently got the ripe seed of this. At night I pitched my tent at Te Pito, a small village three miles south of the East Cape. The rain continuing to pour down made us glad enough to obtain shelter any where; although in our present position, on the side of a very steep hill quite open to the South Pacific which rolled its immeasurable billows to our feet, both shelter and food were anything but obtainable. 8 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST 26th.—This morning the weather clearing I continued my journey. Ascending the precipitous hill near the bottom of which we last night bivouacked, we gained a wood, where I noticed a small tree of the Melicytus genus, with very long lanceolate leaves (7), apparently a new species; this plant has very much the appearance of M. ramiflorus, Forst., but differs from that species in the shape and length of its leaves, some of which measured 10 inches, and in its taller manner of growth, averaging from 12-—18 feet in height. On the summit of the hill I gathered a specimen of the foliage of a very narrow-leaved Veronica (8), but could not find a plant any where in flower. The view from the rocky summit of this eminence was very imposing. I noticed a tall plant of the order Composite (31), probably a Senecio, which was new to me; it grew to the height of 3—4 feet among the young Leptospermum. Passing on, over the clayey hills, I gathered specimens of a fine Monocotyledonous plant (50), which I had not before observed; it flourished luxuriantly in this locality. Here, also, my new species of Phormium (P. Forsterianum) was very plentiful. Ata short distance further on, I found a handsome Pimelea (32) in flower, a shrub of 2-3 feet in height, possibly P. Gnidia, Vahl. of this fine plant I took several specimens, although I hardly knew how to preserve them from want of paper. Descending the hill through a slatey defile to the coast, I was rewarded with an elegant little monopetalous-flowered plant (9), a new species of Plantago (11), and a species of Mnia- rum (40) : this last may prove to be M. biflorum, Forst. ; these were all plentiful by the side of a little stream. I much wished to spend an hour at this place, but Rangitukia, the village where we intended halting for the night, and where we were to obtain a supply of food, was yet at a distance; the day, too, was rapidly passing away; so, with a sigh, which only Botanists know, I was obliged to proceed. The long stony beach was very tedious; we passed it, however, - and turned again inland, up the valley of Waiapu. Our route now lay in the bed of the river at present dry, but in winter, - IN NEW ZEALAND. 9 judging from the appearance of the vegetation and stones about me, a mighty torrent. I noticed young trees of the Edwardsia genus very plentiful here, but whether a different species from the two present known ones, I could not deter- mine. 4. Carmichaelia, too, was very common, which appeared to me to differ considerably in habit from C. australis, in not being rigid like that plant, its branches being considerably more filiform and drooping ; like the preceding, however, it was not in flower, and I could not ascertain whether it was a new species ; notwithstanding, I took away a specimen for examination (75).* I have subsequently received some seeds from a friend residing in this locality, which from his des- cription appear to be those of this plant. A shrub of the order Composite, and which I believed to be identical with Cassinia leptophylla, was also abundant here; of this also I obtained specimens for investigation (34). Reaching Rangi- tukia, we were heartily welcomed by the natives, who are here very numerous. At this village I remained a few days, but - had not leisure to move out to look after a single specimen. In fact, I had scarcely time to eat or rest. 29th.—This morning I left this hospitable village, and proceeded (as before) inland, up the dry bed of the river; the sun hot and insects very numerous, of which I gained several interesting, and doubtless, new species. I discovered on the banks of the river a new and peculiar species of Rubus; a shrub almost leafless, with only here and there a small leaf or two very sparingly scattered at the extremities of its youngest branches. It was about five feet high; branches very long, filiform, and much entangled ; in colour a beautiful light green, thickly studded with orange-coloured _ sg prickles (51). The natives, who were with me, assured me thatit bore red fruitin the winter season which the birds fed on. I much regretted that I could not detect any vestige of its flowers or fruit. Here I also found, (out of flower), two small cespi- lose growing plants of the order Composite ; of one of which, * See Packet 78. 10 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST (29) called by the natives, Papapa, I found old flowers ; of the other (30) I was not so fortunate. I also observed a small- leaved Epilobium (27), and another, a very beaütiful species, (10a) without however either flowers or fruit. I subsequently found this last-mentioned species growing in rich profusion on the banks of the river Wirinaki far away in the interior, (vide sp. no. 188). Passing through the woods on the banks of the river, I observed some young trees with compound leaves (14), which were new to me; I could not then detect their parents, but I think I was fortunate enough to find them afterwards on the mountains in the interior, (vide, sp. No. 131) We soon arrived at Wakawitiva, one of the largest native towns in New Zealand, where we remained a day or two. Dec. 1st.—Early this morning we left Wakawitiva, the principal village of the Ngatiporou tribe.—I had pro- ceeded but a few yards ere I discovered a very pretty pro- cumbent Ranunculus, a new species (15) which grew here among the grass. At some distance further was a very fine grass (52) which flourished here, and another with black joints (53). In a grassy plain, a little beyond the river grew a curious little Lobelia (28), which I have reason to believe identieal with one formerly discovered by me on the sea-shore of the East coast, and sent to you in 1841. Here also that pretty little plant, Micromaria Cunninghamii, Benth., was very plentiful (10). Proceeding hence towards the sea, through a long, irregular, and stony water-course, (which road I chose in hopes of meeting with some- thing new), I found several mosses, (vide packet, No. 298). Emerging from the forest’s gloom we descended to the beach, over which we continued our course for a few miles, until we arrived at a small village called Wareponga. Here I saw a species of Clematis which appeared new; leaves were ternate, very coriaceous and glabrous, with the lower half only of each leaf greatly crenate. I fear that I must some- how have mislaid my specimens of this plant as I cannot find them; the fruit, however, I fortunately possess (54). On the rocks, in this locality, I noticed a species of Patella oti ae eee ae IN NEW ZEALAND. TOHE which sank the base of its shell considerably into the face of the rock on which it had fixed its residence ; these rocks, as before, were composed of indurated clay. 2nd.—It rained incessantly during the night; the morning however was fine, and I continued my journey. Our route, at first, lay along the beaches; but after travelling about four miles we arrived at Waipiro, a small village, where we break- fasted, and directed ourcourse inland over high and craggy hills. At a little distance beyond Tapatahi, (a romantically situated village perched high on a precipitous crag), I found a new species of Fagus, ? with small ovalleaves (36); a timber-tree from 30—60 feet in height. I had observed the tree in this very spot when passing here a few years ago; and had been looking out for it for several days ; I did not, however, see a single plant of the genus until I came to the identical | place where I had before noticed it. I had some difficulty in getting the natives to climb the trees to get me specimens, which, however, I procured, but not such as I wished. A little further on, by the side of a water-course, in a glen, I obtained two Epilobiums, one with large, thin, serrated, sub- rotund leaves (20), and the other, a smaller plant with oval leaves slightly serrate (207). Proceeding onwards, I found a graceful Convolvulus with smallleaves (37), which I be- lieved to be the same as one, the foliage of which I sent. four years ago to my late botanical friend Allan Cunningham, Esq. In descending to the sea, I observed a Pittosporum which I supposed to be P. umbellatum ; still it looked so very fine that I could not refrain from taking a specimen (41) ; which since my return I have ascertained to be a distinct species; its place will, I think, be found between P. crassi- Jolium and P. umbellatum. I noticed here, while resting on the turf, the great prevalence of smut (Uredo, sp.) on the common indigenous grasses ; and also the extreme profusion of Edwardsia microphylla which every where abounded. At the north parts of the island this tree is by no means com- mon, nor do I recollect ever having seen a single plant in any other locality than close by the sides of rivers, and on 12 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST headlands near thesea. A large species of Ranunculus (19) also grew in this spot. "Towards evening I brought up in heavy rain at Te Ariuru, a large village in Tokomaru Bay; a spot which by the Naturalist will ever be contem- plated with the most pleasant association of feeling, for here it was that Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander first botan- ized in October, 1769. This bay was called Tegadoo by Cook. At this village I was obliged to remain a day or two; in consequence of the very violent gale of wind and rain which commenced on the night of my arrival, and com- pletely imprisoned me within the canvass walls of my tent. On the ebbing, however, of the tide, I ventured to the rocks just below, and was rewarded with an elegant species of Patella, which being quite new to me and be- lieving it to be undescribed, I have named P. Solandri : sending you, my dear Sir William, a specimen and enclosing a description. 4th.—Early this morning I recommenced my journey. Our route being by the sea-side, the sea in many places laving the bases of the clayey cliffs, together with the ex- treme wetness and slipperiness of almost every thing from the late heavy rains made our walk very unpleasant. At Motukaroro, the S.E. headland of Tokomaru Bay, the huge bones of a large whale lay bleaching on the strand. Proceeding hence, about 3 P.M., we passed Waihirare, a beautiful waterfall which fell down a perpendicular sandstone cliff; the face of which, covered with Mosses and Ferns, appeared more than ordinarily lovely in this desolate and otherwise barren spot. I took a hasty glance at the vege- tation in hopes of somewhat new, but could not discover any thing. Here on the rocks I gained another species of Patella, which differed much from those I had hitherto — seen. At 5, P.M., we reached Anaura, a small village where we were very glad indeed to halt for our march this day had - been most fatiguing. I observed, in the houses of the natives at this place, a quantity of a thick succulent species of - Fucus hung up to dry which they informed me was used ee IN NEW ZEALAND. 13 an article of food, mixing it with the expressed juice of the fruit of Coriaria sarmentosa to give it consistency: this Fucus they call Rimurapa. 6th.— Leaving Anaura and striking inland (in order to visit some natives residing on the banks of the River Uawa), we ascended some steep hills, on the summits of which I noticed several fine plants of Trophis, (T. opaca ? Sol.?) none, however, possessing either flowers or fruit. In a swamp near by I obtained an Epilobium (21), which was new to me ; and in a wood a little further on I gathered specimens of several shrubs, or young trees (35), but unfortunately could not obtain any either in flower or fruit. Here a very graceful species of Metrosideros, with ovate-acuminate leaves (22), hung pendent from the trees; and another species in flower (13), perhaps one of those described by Cunningham. In the shady recesses of this wood I discovered a handsome species of Polypodium [P. sylvaticum, n. sp., W. C.] (55), together with an elegant Davallia [D. Nove Zelandie, n. sp., W. C.] (56), the only Davallia hitherto found in these islands. Polypodium tenellum (57), here adhering to the trees, apparently varied, in the shortness of its pinne, &c., from the specimens I had noticed in the north parts of the island. An Epilobium (23), with very pubescent leaves and peduncles, which grew hereabouts in grassy places, I also secured. This plant as well as the former (No. 21) grew high from 12 — 30 inches. Arriving at the banks of the Uawa, at present a muddy rapid stream, swollen greatly through the late rains, I noticed a Lobelia (58) growing plentifully, probably ZL. angulata, Forst. After some little time spent in fording the stream (on the opposite bank of which Erpetion spathulatum, Don, was plentiful, but not in flower), we continued our journey until we arrived at Manga- tuna, a small village, where, at the very pressing invitation - Of the chief we consented to remain for the night. In a ~ wood close by I found an Orchis (16), the leaf of which I- = had often seen at the northward; but though I had fre- quently sought its flower, I had never been fortunate enough 14 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST to obtain it. The flowering season of this, too, unfortunately ' was long past; I brought away, however, the capsule for examination. The next morning we left this little village and, recrossing the Uawa, proceeded over the alluvial plains which form its banks towards the sea. In this morn- ing journey I obtained two species of Epilobium; one (12) with large ovate leaves, adpressed on the stalk; the other (12 a) with long lanceolate leaves. I also got specimens of a pretty little decumbent plant (42) in flower and fruit. At 2 p.m., we reached Hinuroro, a large village on the sea- shore at the mouth of the Uawa River. This bay, or rather open roadstead, is the Tolaga Bay (in 38°S.) of our illustrious circumnavigator, Cook. Here his ships were at anchor in October, 1769 ; here, too, it was that “the first Knightia ex- celsa, Br., was seen, and the first Areca sapida, Sol., was cut down for the sake of its top." And here, near the S.E. headland of the bay, Cook dug a well for the supplying of his ships with water; which well is shewn at this day by the natives to the curious “ white man ” travelling this way. 9th.—We recommenced our journey this morning, cross- ing the Uawa, at its mouth, in a canoe. Our route, at first, lay inland, thence we turned towards the sea. Descending a high hill near the coast, I was both gratified and rewarded in finding an elegant little Arthropodium in flower, quite a new species (18); I only observed the plant in this locality, although I sought it assiduously during the remainder of my journey as I wished more specimens. Close by it grew — a very handsome shrubby Pimelea (24), which, to me, ap- _ peared to be a new species, and distinct from the one num- bered 32. Proceeding on, over the long sandy beaches, we were soon overtaken with rain, from which * we endeavoured to shelter ourselves under some fine trees of Corynocarpus levigata, Forst., which often grow in clumps near the sea- - shore; but the rain continuing, we were obliged to proceed. - From some natives whom we met, I obtained a basket of — Haliotis, the black fish of which my baggage-bearers ate 2 raw, with great zest. On the shells I found a peculiar little — IN NEW ZEALAND. 15 Patella, identical with a species discovered by Dr. Jos. Hooker, at Auckland Island. At four P.M., we arrived at Parinuiotera, the high bluff promontory, commonly known ' from its appearance at sea, by the not inappropriate though quite unclassical appellation of **Gable-End Foreland.” This remarkable headland, not less than 200 feet in per- pendicular height, is entirely composed of white indurated clay, on whose face and sides grew not so much as a single moss or lichen, from the continual crumbling down of the clay of which it is composed. Here, in the pelting rain, beneath this towering crag where we could scarcely stand on our feet, owing to the extreme slipperiness of the clayey rocks, we found that the tide had not sufficiently receded to allow of our passing onwards without hazard. As, however, the evening was drawing on, and we had stil some distance to travel ere we should meet with either food or shelter, we were necessitated to make the attempt. Scrambling, in some places, on all-fours, like a cat, and upborne by my faithful natives, I rounded this cape, through the breakers, passing under a natural archway in the rocky cliff, a thing of common occurrence, in similar situations, in New Zealand, and reached in safety, though wet, and cold, and hungry, the other side. Continuing my march, I picked up several specimens of d/ge which were new to me (59). At six P.M., we arrived at Pakarae, a small village, containing about twelve persons, who, according to their custom, heartily welcomed us although they had not a scrap of food to give us. The old chief kindly pulled up three stakes from the fence of his little city as tent-poles for my tent, for trees there were none in this neighbourhood, and presented me with a dead craw-fish which I was happy enough to obtain, and divide among six of my party, including myself, as a sub- stitute for supper. Next morning we started early, (having procured a basket of sweet potatoes for our breakfast, which were fetched during the night from some distance) travel- ling, as yesterday, by the sea-side. At two P.M., we halted to roast a few potatoes for our dinner which afforded me an opportunity of straying about a Mo after acies In — * 16 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST doing so I was fortunate enough to obtain Euphrasia cuneata in flower, which was abundant here on the clayey cliffs, and three species of Composite, two of them quite new to me. I had previously noticed the leaves of one, a curious little plant, in the slatey defile, near Waiapu, where I obtained the small Plantago (11), and other plants; the leaves and stalk of this plant (39) were covered with a viscid sub- stance which exuded from its glandular pores. Another (25) grew commonly about the bases and faces of the low clayey and sandy cliffs, and often attained the height of 4 or 5 feet. 'The third (46), a Composita, was found in similar situations and of the same height as the preceding. The peculiar glaucous leaves of this last, so much resembling those found on the flowering stems of many varieties of Brassica olera- cea greatly attracted my notice. Here, also, procumbent upon the sand, grew a small plant (44), somewhat re- sembling in habit and general appearance Tetragonia ex- pansa, but differing in the fruit, the berries being large, succulent, pimpled, and dewy, and filled with a carmine- coloured juice; thisjuice is used by the nativesin writing as a substitute for ink ; but like most other simple vegetable dyes is very evanescent; the natives call it Kokihi. Here, too, I noticed a Chenopodium (38), which, I think, I must have sent you before. A Linum (17) which appeared to differ somewhat from L. monogynum, at least in size, I also dis- covered in this locality; with a small, straggling, procum- bent plant (48), which at first I supposed to be Anchusa spathulata, Reem.; but Cunningham, I find, describes that species as possessing “folia ovata obtusa," which this one has not; to that family, however, it belongs in common with its ally the plant numbered 6, already mentioned. Hav- ing hastily gleaned this neighbourhood, we once more struck inland, The little decumbent plant (2), first seen at Ware- kahika was common here on the sand-hills near the shore. Leaving the sand-hills and proceeding on through a long swamp of Phormium, about five P.M., we reached the river at Turanganui in the inner N.W. angle of Poverty Bay, and crossing the river in a canoe made the best of our way * IN NEW ZEALAND. 17 for Kaupapa, a mission station, where the Rev. W. Wil- liams resides; this place we reached by seven p.m., quite tired. The hospitable reception, however, which we received from Mr. Williams went far towards causing us to forget the toils of the journey. As the vessel in which I came to Warekahika had been to-this place, one of my first inquiries was after my package of paper, and I was happy to find it safe in Mr. W's keeping. At Mr. W’s I remained for several days, occasionally, when weather and duty permitted itinerating in the neighbour- hood in quest of specimens. In the alluvial plains on the banks of the river, grew a plant of the Order Composite (47), possessing a very elegant coloured imbricated involucre. In the swamps, among Typha, I detected a curious little floating plant (33),* which covered the whole surface of the standing water. Here, also, on the banks I procured fine specimens of a spiny shrub, of the order Zhamee (49). I had noticed it when here in 1838, and got living plants, which unfortunately died in my garden at Paihia. Until this time, however, I had neither seen its fruit nor flower; it appears to possess characters indicative of its be- longing ^o the genus Colletia, Brongn. ; perhaps a new species of Discaria?t It forms strong dense bushes, 2 to 4 feet in height, and would, doubtless, make an excellent fence ; for which purpose I gathered a quantity of its seed, now nearly ripe. "The natives give this plant the expressive name ef Tumatakuru, i. e. literally, Standingface-beater. I alse . noticed a small linear-leaved Senecio (26), common here among the grass which appeared to me to be distinct from any species yet observed. On a hill in the neighbour- hood, I procured fine specimens of a species of Cheilanthes (60), perhaps C. tenuifolia, R. Br, and in a damp wood, at a little distance, a fine and lovely Moss (45), which was quite 'new to me. I felt greatly disap- * Lemna. [Ep.] + Decidedly so. [Er.] VOL. III. [o ein 18 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST pointed, however, in nof being so fortunate as to find a single specimen in fruit. In this locality, too, a small Galium (43) occurred, which may possibly prove different from the two species noticed by Cunningham. I again ob- served in this neighbourhood that elegant Rubus already mentioned (51), but much in the same state as those previously seen at Waiapu; and I was rather surprised to find the Ngaio (Myoporum letum, Vorst.) growing here very commonly as a forest-tree, with a straightness and height un- known in the north part of the island. In the Bay of Islands and adjacent districts, M. letum is an irregular growing sbrub, or small tree, only found in the immediate neighbour- hood of the sea; there, its wood is so small as not to be of any use, and is not even collected for the purpose of firing ; while here, the tree attains the height of 30—35 feet, and is very commonly used by the natives for posts, poles, rafters, &c. I quite satisfied myself, however, of its perfect identity with the northern one. Dec. 20.—This morning I re-commenced my journey, directing my course for the first time directly into the in- terior. For some time we proceeded up the valley by the banks of the river over alluvial and grassy plains; and about two P.M., reached the forests at the base of the first high range of hills. Here, growing on the river’s bank, was a species of Composite (84) differing from any I had yet noticed. A species of Viola (82) occurred plentifully ; but I could not obtain a specimen in flower. In a damp wood I discovered an elegant membranaceous-leaved Zo- maria (265), [L. rotundifolia, n. sp. W. C.J] with fine specimens of another species of the same genus (266) which appeared a variety of the plant formerly sent by me to you, and figured in Icones Plantarum Tab. cpxx1x (L. lanceolata.) In pools in marshy ground, almost entirely submersed in water, I found a fine aquatic Ranunculus (99) with very long petioles. On the clayey hills and generally in dry elevated spots, I obtained specimens of what may probably be species of Celmisia (86). I think these will prove two distinct IN NEW ZEALAND. 19 species, and different kinds of Anchusa, or Myosotis (81, 91) I also obtained in this locality. Ascending a hill I discovered a plant with copious verticillate in- florescence, and large subrotund leaves, with long succulent petioles (83). Most unfortunately I could not find a specimen possessing either seeds or flowers, although I sought most assiduously for such. It must have flowered very early in the season, as both carpels and peduncles in every specimen were quite withered; some flower-stalks were from 12—20 inches in height.* On a barren hill in ‘this neighbourhood grew a Lycopodium (85) which I had not before noticed; together with a few mosses, (39, 94, 96). From these heights the prospect is most exten- sive. Beneath me lay Poverty Bay with its romantic headlands ; while far away to the left, Hikurangi (the isolated mountain near Waiapu) hid his venerable head in clouds. The atmosphere, however, was so filled with smoke arising from the fern which was burning furiously to windward, that it was only with difficulty that I discovered a single distant object. We travelled until near sunset, halting for the night by the side of a small stream in a desolate wild, called by the natives, Tapatapauma. Here several species of the genus Epilobium flourished luxuriantly, of which 1 secured specimens, (vide nos. 89, 93, 103, 104, 106, 107, and 109); nos. 105 and 110 may, in all probability, be merely varieties of 103. 'This last, 103, grew most plenti- fully in tufts every where on these hills among the fern. The sides of the rivulet were ornamented with fine plants of a Fagus (88), which I think will prove distinct from the large-leaved species discovered by me in the more northern parts of the Island; the leaves of this species * Since penning the above [ am happy in being enabled to add, that I have obtained fine living specimens of this plant, which have flowered since they came into my possession. Its corolla is monopetalous, labiate, and quinquefid with didynamous stamens, and superior unilocular ovary. It may probably rank in the Order Cyrtandracce. W.C. (This proves to be the rare Ourisia macrophyll1, Hook Ic. Pl, tabs. pxtv, v1.—Ed, e ME. o0 : JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST being rhomboid-ovate, upper half of the leaf serrate or sub- laciniate, much truncate, tridentate, and attenuated at the base, serratures, 11—13, acuminate or mucronate, petioles and whole upper surface of the leaf tomentose; while the leaves of that species, (discovered by me at Wangarei, and sent to you in July, 1841), are ovato cordate, serrate nearly ` to the base, truncate, subtridentate, serratures 15—21, and petioles slightly villous; leaves much larger and broader. 21st. Rising early this morning I resumed my journey— and gaining the summit of the hill before me, I had an exten- sive view of the interior. Hill rose on hill, — Pelion on Ossa, in continuous succession far as the eye could reach. To the left was. Wakapunake, an immense table-topped hill, or rather mountain; while far away in the distance to the right, a peculiarly precipitous mountain cast its bold outline in fine relief into the sky: this, my native guide informed me, was Waikare, to which we were going. Time, how- ever, would not permit a lengthened gaze ; so, descend- ing the hill, we proceeded onwards. Here, among the short grass, a pretty little Ophioglossum (90) grew, which to me seemed to differ from those already noticed by Cunningham, and I first gathered also that very graceful fern, Lomaria lineuris, n. sp., W.C. (267), which grew rather abundantly in one spot in those grassy dells. On the dry and barren sum- mit of a high hill, I procured a peculiar little Composite (97); and shortly after discovered a specimen of Leptospermum (95) for examination; which I believe, from its foliage and general appearance, to be a new species. It here grows asa stunted shrub; sometimes, however, reaching 7—10 feet in height. In this neighbourhood I noticed a new and very distinct species of Coriaria (100), an elegant procumbent plant with undulated ovate-acuminate leaves. It seldom rises above two feet in height and is mostly found quite prostrate, and very abundant; disputing the possession of the soil with those very common occupiers, Pteris esculenta and Leptospermum scoparium. Among the fern it has a very peculiar appearance ; and, at first sight, might almost be IN NEW ZEALAND. | 2] taken for a gigantic foliaceous Lichen overspreading the sur- face of the ground. I have named this species C. Kingiana, (in honour of my much respected friend, Capt. P. P. King, R.N.), and was fortunate in procuring fine specimens in flower and fruit. At Hopekoko, a small stream (where we rested awhile to dine on roasted potatoes) the bed of which atthe ford was one flat block of sandstone, I procured a specimen of a pretty little Restiaceous plant (264), and also ofa Hydrocotyle (162). Having feasted with hearty zest on our roast, we proceeded on our journey. "We soon arrived at a small cataract, down which the water fell perpendicularly about twenty feet into a deep and dark basin. The only ford at this place was on the very slippery edge of the fall, (com- posed of a single mass of rock), over which I was obliged to be carried, for I dared not trust my own footing on that perilous and uncertain path, which forcibly reminded me of the bridge to the Mahometan Elysium. As it was, I very nearly fell, through nervous excitement, into the gloomy depth below. At a short distance beyond this stream, and on its banks, I found another small Lomaria (268) [.L. deflexa, n. sp., W.C.], and, in the same locality, a graceful species of Composita (98), the leaves of which I had before observed. In a deep swamp through which we had to pass, I found a large-leaved Epilobium (102), and on a little hillock in the midst of the swamp, a small Composita (142), which may prove but a finer variety of 97 already noticed. Pass- ing onwards I obtained a species of Galium (101) and a Hydrocotyle (92), which appeared to be new. I also noticed the leaf of an orchideous plant (111) differing from any I had hitherto seen ; it was, however, past flowering, so I was obliged to be content with a leaf or two as a memento of such a plant. About six P.M., we arrived at the banks of the river Wangaroa, (one of the principal branches of the river Wairoa which disembogues into Hawke's Bay). HereI obtained two canoes from the natives, and paddled down the river about two and a half miles to Te Reinga, the principal village of the district. This river winds round the enormous 22 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST hills of Wakapunake at the base of which the village is situ- ated. I had often heard from time to time about this place: from the natives, and the abyss-like cataract in its immediate vicinity, and had long cherished a hope of one day visiting it. Tired as I now was, I wished for morning that E might realize my desire, and gain. a few more additions to the New Zealand Flora. 'The roar of the waters during the stillness. of the night had much that was soothing as well as solemn in the sound. Morning broke, and, prayers and breakfast over, I entered into a little canoe and paddled about 200- yards to the bed of rock, which, crossing the river, dams up. the water and causes the fall. This cataract, from its situa- tion, is exceedingly romantic; the most so, I think, of any I have yet seen in New Zealand. 'The bed of rock, or rather deposit of indurated clay, sand and mud, of a very white: eolo.-, which here obstructs the progress of the river, (and through a narrow hollow in which the water rushes with fearful velocity) is filled with marine shells ima fossil state, although at a considerable distance from the sea and ata very great height above its level. This bed of white rock is large, being: not less than 200 feet in width, and, when the river is swollen. by the winter's rains, surrounded. as it is by high and densely wooded hills, the fall must present a very imposing appea- rance. I gained several specimens of shells, Uni-Bi- and Multivalve by digging them out of the rock with my hatchet. Among them were specimens of the genera Terebratula ( Terebratula Tayloriana, n. sp.), Voluta, Pecten, Lepas, and: others, at present unknown to me. The waters fell from rock to rock three several times, ere they were swallowed up in the dark eddying gulph below. The deep gloom of the river in the gorge beneath, the different hues of the dense masses of foliage on either side, the sunbeams peering down- wards through the tops of the trees, the enormous bed of rock above, white as snow, with the natives who accom- panied me perched here and there upon the same, and the little village in the back-ground, contributed to give the whole an enchanting effect. In the height only of the fall was I IN NEW ZEALAND. 23 disappointed. I attempted a hurried sketch, but could not do the scene before me justice. In fact, I had too many things upon my hands at once, consequently I did nothing well. I wished, afterwards, when it was too late, that I had remained a day at this place, instead of pressing on, post-haste, in the manner I did. I just glanced at the vegetation here, and obtained two specimens of white-flowered Gnaphalium, (80, 130) which I had not before seen. Returning to the village, and obtaining, though with great difficulty, guides and baggage-bearers, we again commenced our journey. Paddling up another branch of the river, named Ruakituri, for nearly a mile, we landed on the left bank. The sun was intensely powerful, not a zephyr playing, nor a cloud in the air, nor a tree which could afford us a shade anywhere at hand. Through unfrequented paths, (if paths such could be termed) up and down steep hills overgrown with the young fern, (Pt. escul.) which at this season is peculiarly disagreeable from the clouds of fine yellow dust with which it is loaded, and which, inhaled at every breath causes you incessantly to sneeze, we travelled until threep.M. many times halting by the way. Having roasted. a few potatoes, on which we dined, I endeavoured to cheer my companions in travel, but to little purpose. We how- ever recommenced our journey, and continued our march, through want of water, until after sunset. Fortunately I succeeded in finding some, by the side of which, in the wil- derness we encamped; all too fatigued to care much about anything save rest. Oh! how often might I have exclaimed this day with the poet :— ** All-conquering heat, oh intermit thy wrath | And on my throbbing temples potent thus Beam not so fierce! In vain I sigh, And restless turn, and look around for night ; Night is far off, and hotter hours approach. a I —_ nothing new in the whole of this melting za 24 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST: horrid march; fern, fern, nothing but dry, dusty fern all around! I gathered, somewhere, in the course of the day æ diseased branch of Haxtonia furfuracea (127) which was curiously distorted; probably caused by the punctures of insects. I have often noticed such deformities in various plants, but, as far as I recollect, I never saw it so regular or so large before. One river; the bed of which we descended into and crossed, ran at the depth of from 30 to 80 feet below the surface of the soil on either side. 23d.—At a very early hour we arose, and with stiff and unwilling limbs proceeded. onwards. Want of food, in great measure, impelled us forward; as-we had yesterday been led to suppose that we should reach the next village by night. After three long hours spent in active exertion, we reached ’Wataroa, a small village where we were heartily welcomed. Descend- ing to this village, I gathered specimens of a Melicope (87); 11 fruit, a small but graceful tree, probably M. simplex, A.Cunn. Having breakfasted and rested awhile, we left this village, and. continued our march, which, as yesterday, lay over high hills which rose in perpetual succession before us, appearing as if they were without valleys between. The eountry as we progressed into the interior became more and more barren; a scanty vegetation of stunted Pteris. escu- lenta, Leptospermum scoparium, Leucopogon Fraseri and such plants alone existed on these dry and sterile spots; save where, in the deep. glens between the hills, a clump of wood was to be found shewing their heads of foliage here and there like oases. in the desert. The soil was dry and dusty, and principally composed of broken pumice. Towards evening, from the crest of one very high hill, we had, in looking back, a splendid though distant prospect of Hawke’s Bay, and the. rugged and high land bounding the same. On the top of this hill I obtained specimens of a small tree, a species. Weinmannia? (131 ;) afew plants of which were here scattered about. My native guides assured me that no person could keep his footing on this elevated spot when the south wind — blows; an assertion, which the denuded and bare aspect of IN NEW ZEALAND. 95 the place, together with the very stunted appearance of the few trees and shrubs on it, seemed fully to corroborate. Bivouacked for the night at "Wakamarino; a little village on the banks of a small river. Early the next morning we recommenced our march to- wards Waikare lake; the old chief of ’Wakamarino accom- panying us. An hour’s walking brought us to Waikaretaheke, a rapid stream of about 4 feet deep, caused by the exit of the waters of the lake towards the sea, and which here most outrageously tumbled over a long and sloping bed of rock. A bridge of trees, (one of the best-constructed native bridges I had ever seen,) was thrown across the foaming torrent; ind, though strongly secured together, it seemed as if every rush of the bounding water would carry it away. A nervous person would not have hazarded himself on such vibrating and precarious footing. The beauty of the spot rivetted my attention for a few moments, and I almost determined to venture a sketch. I gathered a Moss (128) in this locality ; and, a little further on, a fern (269), a species of Polypodium, | P. viscidum n. sp., W. C.) every frond of which was more or less covered with pappus, downy seeds, and other such light substances, blown by the winds. We soon arrived at the village, situated on a high headland, jutting into the northern side of the lake; the gateway of which was, as is often the case, embellished with a pair of huge and hideous clumsily-carved figures, be- _ smeared with red pigment, and grinning defiance on all . comers. The wind now blew so very strong, that it was not possible to cross the lake in such frail canoes as this people had at command; so I was obliged to pitch my tent here, although it was far from easy to find a suitable place, owing to the great unevenness of the ground, its unsheltered situa- tion, and the very high wind. Here I was confined a pri- soner until the morning of the 29th, when, the wind lessen- ing, I effected my escape, crossing in safety to the opposite. shore. I made, however, the most of my time whilst here, and was amply rewarded with specimens of new proita First must - . 96 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST be mentioned another beautiful species of Fagus (132), with small, broad, adpressed, coriaceous and biserrate leaves which grew plentifully in the immediate vicinity of the lake, and possesses, especially in its young state, most elegant foliage. Unfortunately, however, I could not find a single flowering specimen, although I assiduously sought for such, and hired natives to climb the trees in quest of them; a few capsules of the preceding year were all I could procure. The natives wished me to believe that this tree did not bear fruit every year, asserting that they had also remarked, that when this tree bore fruit, other trees did not! "They call it Tawai. It grows from 30—50 feet in height, and is not so robust as the large-leaved species. Here also the oval-leaved kind grew abundantly, attaining a considerable size and height. A graceful shrub, of the order Composite (122), with suborbiculate leaves, and sub-sheathing petioles, I found near the water's edge, but in dry spots ; and secured flowering specimens and fruit. 'This shrub grows. in rather a straggling divaricated manner, from 2—3 feet in height. I am much gratified in having a fine young plant now living from seed sown by me on my return from my | journey. On the sandstone rocks I found a beautiful minute Lobelia (263), a perfect little gem. It was scarce, and grew where it could only have been nourished by the spray and waves of the lake. Here also, among the rocks, was a species of Plantago with lanceolate leaves (126), new to me. A fine Hydrocotyle (123) I found in the same locality. Just above, on the banks, I gathered specimens in fruit of a peculiar (Araliaceous ?) tree (125), which was com- mon here: it grew in a straggling manner to the height of 25—30 feet. A large and new species of Coprosma (120), a small tree from 10—14 feet high, I also obtained in fructifica- tion ; witha few fine Mosses (118, 156, &c.) Rummaging about among the dry and more elevated rocks, I found a pretty little fern (270), a species of Asplenium [A. Colensoi, n. sp. ms.]; and, on the top of the little pro- montory on which the village was situated waved a very iN NEW ZEALAND, 27 handsome Dicksonia (271), [D. lanata, n. sp., W. C.]. This elegant fern was abundant in this locality ; some of the fronds were 24— 30 inches in length. Had I not been very anxious to prosecute my journey, I might have spent an agreeable time at this romantic spot; such, however, was not the case. I was among a tribe noted for their reckless ferocity; to whom, secluded as they are in their mountainous retreats, a white man was indeed a stranger. They had scarcely any food for their own use; and although they exerted themselves to the utmost in their endeavour to be hospitable towards me, they could only allow us two scanty meals of roots and herbs per diem. I obtained from the lake some fine specimens of Unio, the only living thing (according to the natives) which inhabited its waters. I supposed the sheet of water to be about six miles in diameter, but could only guess at the probable size, owing to its very irregular shape. The lakeis very deep and clear, and the bottom rocky. A peculiar sea-bird, called by the natives, Tété (which often flies irregularly at night, making a noise resembling tee-tee-tee-tee, rapidly uttered, whence its name) is sometimes caught herein large numbers. From the natives' account, it would appear that these birds at certain times resort to the tops of the highest and barrenest hills, where the natives assemble and make fires on foggy nights, which fires decoy the birds thither, when they are easily taken with nets. I have often heard this bird at night, but have never seen one. «It is, I think, highly probable that it may belong to the genus Procellaria. 29th. 'This morning, the wind lessening, we hazarded à passage, and crossed in safety to the opposite shore. The * everchanging" woodland scenery appeared most loyely, as we, in our little canoe, wound round the bases of these ever- lasting hills. Here, for the first time, away from the imme- diate sea-coast, I noticed the littoral species of Metrosideros (M. tomentosa, A.Cunn.) It grew, however, in similar rocky situations close to the water's edge, and after the same very diffuse manner. Parasitical on its branches, in great abun- 98 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST dance, flourished Loranthus tetrapetalus, Forst. (112), gor- geously displaying its profusion of scarlet blossoms. On getting into shallow water, I obtained specimens of a graceful Myriophyllum (113), which was attached to the bottom of the lake, and grew completely under water to the length of several feet. We landed at the margin of a wood, the trees of which overhung the lake, where, at the pressing request .ef the natives who lived near I consented to spend the remainder of the day and night. As they did not, however, gather together until very near evening, I hada little time to botanize ; and which, I trust, was fully used. It wasindeed a lovely spot; that constant humidity, so requisite for the full development of the varied tribes of the Cryptogamic family in all their beauty, was ever present in these umbra- geous solitudes. I commenced my search at the water's edge; and first gathered. specimens of a peculiar Rumex- like herbaceous plant (116) growing within the water. Close by, a small Myrtaceous shrub (115), clothed with Lichens and Jungermannie, attracted my notice; this shrub attained the height of 7 feet. A peculiar little Jungermannia- like plant (155) next entered my vasculum. Of Musci and Jungermannie Y gained several specimens, many of which were fine and graceful plants (vide, 157, 158, 159, 175, 176, 164, 151, 152, 147, 135, &c.) ; among them, I hope some new species willat least be found. A beautiful foliaceous, though small, Lichen (150) occurred here on the trunks of living trees having spherical black soredia on its under-surface which appeared to me quite unique. Another species (172), bearing scutelle on the edge of its thallus grew also on. these trees. I here obtained five specimens of A. Cunning- ham's new genus Zzerba (114), and in doing so almost dared. to hope that I had gained a second species from its anthers being scarcely ovate, the style twisted its larger corymbs, containing 5-10 flowers; its lanceolate leaves, shorter and broader; its much larger size and robust habit attaining the height of 40—50 feet, and being too one of the commonest trees of these woods; in all which it differs from J. brezioides, IN NEW ZEALAND. . ^ 29 Cunningham’s plant, which, in these particulars, is thus de- scribed by him: “ Anthere ovate acuminate. Stylus 1, angulatus, continuus, versus apicem attenuatus. Flores co- rymbosi, pedunculis (uncialibus) plerumque trichotomis. Folia elongato-lanceolata acuminata, 4-5 uncialia; (5-61, W.C.) Arbor elegans viginti pedalis et infra—A tree of very rare occurrence.” A, C, in Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. iii, p. 250.—I also procured specimens of a new species of Coprosma (117), a graceful shrub, 3—6 feet in height, with oblong-lanceolate leaves and a species of Senecio ?, which appeared new to me (129) with a peculiar plant (121), which I supposed to be a large Polytrichum? growing in dry spots; of this, however, I could not find a single specimen exhibiting either flowers or fruit. In this loca- lity, I also gathered specimens of a species of Solidago (119), a small shrub, 1—3 feet in height, which, from habit and general appearance, I supposed to be distinct from S. arborescens, Forst. ; and a fine shrubby Leptospermum (177), which may prove a new species. Here, also, I was so very fortunate.as to obtain fine specimens of several new species of the beautiful genus Hymenophyllum. H. Franklinianum (272, n. sp. W.C.) a lovely creeping fern, pendulous on living trees, whose trunks it completely clothes with the exuberance of its fronds. I have done myself the very great pleasure of naming after that kind patroness of science, the Lady of His Excellency Sir John Franklin, &c. &c., Governor of Tasmania, who lately visited these Islands. H. pulcherrimum, (273, n. sp. W. C.) another beautiful and fine species, is also epiphytal on trees in the darker recesses of the forest. This is one of the largest species yet found in New Zealand, some fronds measuring fifteen inches in length. H. spathulatum, (274, n. sp. W.C.) a fine species, is parasitic on trees overhanging the lake. This fern exhibits a very peculiar appearance, from the circumstance of its having a number of black botryoidal masses on the edges of the segments of its fronds. I, at first, supposed I had disco- vered the type of a new genus; but, on examination with such 50 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST means as I had at command, I conclude these masses to be the work of some insect. I noticed this species only to be so ornamented. H. atrovirens, (275, n. sp., W.C.) a small dirty-looking species found on wet rocks and stones in low shaded spots, is apparently very near H. flexuosum, R. Cunn., differing, however, in its involucre, &c. the involucre in that species being “ orbiculate.” H. revolutum, (276, n. sp. W.C.) a small species, epiphytal on the reclining branches and trunks of trees, in damp and shaded places ; in affinity very near H. Tunbridgense. The deeply laciniated margins of the segments of its frond, will, however, be found constantly re- volute. After allit may prove but a variety of H. Tunbridgense, of which English species I have not an accurate description. The elegant little 77. semibivalve (277) grew plentifully here on fallen and reclining trees. A handsome species of Polypodium (278) apparently a variety of P. Grammitidis, R. Br. but having its lobes deeply incised and sub-pinnatifid ; and an elegant species of Grammitis, (279, G. ciliata, n. sp. W.C.) I also obtained in this locality. Both these ferns are epiphytal on living trees. G. ciliata has close affinity with G. australis, R. Br. from which, however, it differs in its being a much smaller plant, in having its sori more prominent and crowded, and in being villous underneath and beautifully ciliated at the margin. Several charming mosses (280) too, I gained during my very short stay here, among which I was very much pleased to find in fruit the very beautiful one whose fronds I had before detected in a wood near Turanga, (vide sp. No. 45). The mosses (280) must speak for them- selves ; I hope, however, that some new species may be found among them. . The next morning I recommenced my journey; experiene- ing no little difficulty in the obtaining of a guide over the mountains, in which service I was obliged to enlist all my persuasive powers. We commenced ascending from the shores of the lake, through dense woods chiefly composed of Jwerba and Fagus. Having. gained the summit of the range we found travelling easy ; for, in these forests where the broad- IN NEW ZEALAND; at leaved Fagus (No. 88) is the principal tree, there is but little underwood; indeed, plants seem as if they did not like the shade of these trees. One of the first things that attracted my attention this morning was a peculiar little plant (163) with succulent white berries, growing here and there at the foot of large trees, wherever the light decaying vegetable mould was deepest. I sought assiduously for perfect speci- mens, and was at length rewarded with them in flower and fruit: I have not met with any thing like it in New Zealand. A pretty shrub with an elegant leaf (171) abounded here; as did another shrub (165) possessing the habit of Myrsine, but neither of these could I detect in flower nor fruit. A new Orchideous plant sent in acid (262) I procured perfect speci- mens of from the foot of the trees in these woods ; it grew, however, singly, and appeared scarce. The natives told us that we might expect rain on these mountains (they having a proverb to the effect that it is never dry in these parts) and so indeed it came to pass. After we had proceeded for about two hours it baga to pour down in torrents; no shelter was at hand, so we were obliged to continue on in the cold and pelting rain. I much regretted the state of the weather, as I had every reason to expect new and rare plants i in these elevated regions. "The trees and shrubs large and small, were all beautifully festooned and draperied with dutpctmddie and Musci, as if wound by fairy fingers, evidencing the eternal humidity of these forests. The family of Filices, too, presented the most lovely spec- tacle this day I ever witnessed. In these deeply shaded recesses, my enchanting Todea superba (281) and graceful Lomaria rotundifolia (265 ante, flourished in perfection ; the densely crowded and dark green fronds of the former contrasting so beautifully with the light-coloured and elegant membranaceous ones of the latter; their fronds grouped in ever-living circles of green, from 5 to 6 feet in diameter ; many single fronds of either fern measuring upwards of 3 feet in length. With them grew two species of Aspidium; one, A, pulcherrimum, (232, n. sp., W. C), a truly fine plant, 32 ^ JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST is one of the most lovely ferns in New Zealand, many of its gracefully flaccid fronds measuring upwards of 4 feet in length. The other, 4. Waikarense (283, n. sp., W. C.), is also handsome though smaller and much more rigid in its growth and habit than the preceding, having the lower divisions of its pinne, which are crowded, subimbricated on its rachis. Another new species of Lomaria (284, L. lati- folia, W. C.), was growing in these spots; in affinity this fern comes very near L. procera, Spreng., from which, how- ever, its solitary habit, broader pinne, which are fewer in number and deeply serrated and not decreasing in size downwards, sufficiently point out the distinction. I gazed entranced, notwithstanding the warring of the elements, upon these beautiful productions of nature, and wished much to secure good specimens. It was necessary, however, under existing circumstances, to content myself with a couple of samples of each species, and these, too, hastily gathered and put up dripping wet, to the very great astonishment of the natives. Proceeding on, I found, in more open situa- tions, a pretty little iridaceous plant (154), perhaps Lidertia micrantha,A.Cunn., (or a new species) growing most pratoatl yy reminding me in the distance of the “ daisied meads” of my fatlier bud: Ascending yet higher i in pelting rain, I dis- covered a handsome species of Viola (160), bearing a large white blossom with a fragrant smell. I hastily removed this interesting plant from its mossy bed to the bosom of my cloak, now nearly as wet as the bank where the flower originally grew. Along with it was a small Zpilobium (161), in leaf only with axillary inflorescence. In this neighbourhood, I obtained specimens of several plants of the Coprosma genus, which appeared new to me (167, 168, 169, 170); all small shrubs, from 3 to 5 feet in height. A small divaricated shrub without fruit, but apparently a Myrsine (179), I also took a memento of. A fine Lycopodium (173) with terminal spikes of fructification growing pendulous on trees attracted my attention; in habit and growth this plant much resembles . L. Flagellaria, Hook., of which it may possibly be a variety. * IN NEW ZEALAND. 33 A Restiaceous plant (153), a species rather of Luzula, perhaps a variety of No. 264 already noticed, I gathered in this locality. A small tree with black bark, which appeared to me to be a species of Laurus, was also obtained in flower (197). This plant reminded me of a shrub which I discovered at Wairua in the northern parts of the island in 1840; specimens of which (numbered 14) were sent you in 1841; they both evi- dently belong to the same genus. A very delicate white Lichen (196) which here and there grew on the trees, as well as a fine terrestrial white Moss, (202) without fructifica- tion, I next procured. The densely wooded mountains over which we this day passed, were chiefly composed of sand- stone which shewed itself in various stages of decomposition in the very many slips in their sides. In descending one of these gorges, I found a Pieris (285), P. montana, n. Sp., W. C. a small glaucous, glabrous species, in affinity very near P. Brunoniana, Endl, of which it may possibly prove, on further examination, to bea variety. A smaller variety of Poly- - podium sylvaticum (No. 55, already noticed), I also obtained — in this neighbourhood. After a silent and persevering march. of some hours through the very cold rain, for in threading our tortuous way through the endless mazes of pathless forests in such weather -as this, we found it impossible to keep ourselves warm, we began to shiver with cold, and determined on halting at the first sheltered spot. By the side of a rivulet at the bottom of a hill, we found a deserted hovel, which, though open on all sides, offered us a better Shelter from the pitiless showers than we had expected to meet with in such a place. We repaired our hut with tufts of the different Carices that grew hard by, and pitched my tent; then throwing off our dripping garments and kindling a fire, we endeavoured to make ourselves as comfortable as pos- sible in our present circumstances. Fortunately we had a few potatoes with us, which, not knowing how long this weather might continue, we divided una voce into three small Portions, so as to afford us two meals for the morrow. The. rain continuing to descend in torrents, swelled our little VOL. III. D. ; 34 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST brook to a large stream, causing me to fear that the narrow level spot on its banks, on which we were now encamped, would soon be overflowed. Dec. 31st.—Daybreak this morning found us much the same as daylight last evening left us,—with water on every side. The past night was one’ not likely to be soon for- gotten. "The heavy rain and rattling hail which unceasingly poured down,—the vivid lightnings and hollow.sounding thunder reverberating awfully in never-ending echoes among the hills, —the angry winds which furiously rushed in fitful roaring blasts through the ancient forests, rocking, and cracking, and lashing the monarchs of centuries as so many saplings of a year, stripping their leafy honours, and breaking off their branches, hurled them to the earth, —the hooting of owls, and shrieking of parrots, which flew affrightedly about seeking shelter,—all united to declare, in a voice too plain to be misunderstood, the great commotion Nature was undergoing;—fit knell for the departing year. 'lhe morn- ing was most gloomy; the rain stil incessant and our cold, wet, lonely, and all but starving situation, was any thing but pleasant; when, as if we wanted somewhat more to taste of the very acmé of cheerlessness, our only guide deserted us, returning to Waikare! He had intimated as much last evening, and I had kept a watch over him; he easily, however, found an opportunity of leaving us. My other natives were all from distant parts of the island, and knew no more of these districts than myself. ‘To go back to Waikare, was, from there being no proper path, not a whit easier journey than to go forward to the next village. The weather, however, confined us to our rude shelter, under which I, clad in light summer clothing, shiveringly sat, holding an old umbrella over my head. "Towards evening the rain moderated, and I ventured to walk a few yards from the door of my tent. On the banks of the stream I ob- tained a fine specimen of a small but handsome shrub of the 3 Composita family (148), probably belonging to the genus Haztonia, or Brachyglottis. Here also I gathered magnifi- IN NEW ZEALAND. 35 cent specimens of my new Viola, which luxuriated on the mossy rocks on the banks of the stream. A Lobelia, too, (260) I also secured growing with the latter, which may prove to be only a variety of L. angulata, possessing, how- ever, larger flowers, and smaller leaves. A Gnaphalium (261), probably identical with 130, already noticed, and an Epilo. bium (259) came next ; and a Pittosporum (134), perhaps P. tenuifolium in fruit. At night, rain still persevering, I called the natives to council, to consider what we had better in our exigency do; so we unanimously agreed, * rain or shine,” to proceed on our journey to-morrow morn- ing, trusting somehow or other to find our way; a determi- nation to which we were compelled through hunger, having consumed our last scanty meal. Jan. Ist, 1842.— Early this morning the rain ceased; but as heavy clouds still shrouded the face of heaven, it was just as wet from the dripping trees and rank foliage around us in these deep valleys and, dark forests, as if it were still raining. We commenced our wet and cold march sans breakfast with perhaps a more hearty will than if we had fared sumptuously ; our route lay by the banks of the river, which we crossed and recrossed repeatedly, making our walk very unpleasant. Here in these deep secluded glens L discovered a new species of Lomaria (236), L. heterophylla, W. C. not of Desvaux, (L. Colensoi, Hook. fil. in Ic. Pl, Tab. DCXXVII, VIL), some of whose immense pinnatifid fronds measured near 3 feet in length. Here also I discovered a large climbing Fern, a peculiar species of Aspidium (287), A. Cun- ninghamianum, W. C., differing much from all other species of Aspidium that have come under.my notice. This Fern is succulent, coriaceous, and glabrous, and is the largest Fern found climbing trees yet discovered in New Zealand ; some of the fronds measured, including stipes, near 3 feet in length. I dedicated this plant in memory of that very zealous botanist, my much lamented friend, the late Allan Cunningham, Esq. In this locality I also found epiphytal on reclining trees, a new species of Hymenophyllum ens H. com W. B. A p2? 36 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST beautiful long-fronded and pendulous Moss (174) grew soli- tarily in the sides of ravines in these damp woods. I could, however, only detect a single specimen bearing capsules; two were on it, one of which, with some barren fronds, I send you. gathered specimens of other Mosses (182, 183) which appeared to be scarce, and of a very large-leaved Jungermannia (186), and of a small decumbent plant without flower or fruit (180). About noon, to our very great surprise, our runaway guide overtook us, bearing a large basket of fine potatoes on his shoulders, for which he had purposely gone back all the way to Waikare, in that heavy rain, in order that we might not suffer from hunger. I could not but applaud the man’s kind consideration, whilst I disapproved of his leaving us in the manner he did, without saying a syllable as to the object of his returning. "This, however, is quite in keeping with the national character of the New Zealander. Prompted inces- santly by an ever-restless and indomitably independent prin- ciple of doing some capricious work of supererogation, their defined duties are left unperformed, they often sadly try to the utmost the patience of those by whom they are em- ployed. In their own language they have a word (pokanoa), which, while it fully conveys the force and meaning of the foregoing remark, is, from the frequency of the occurrence of such behaviour, in daily if not hourly use by every native of New Zealand. Nor is this capricious way of acting confined to those who are still in their novitiate ; on the contrary, those who may have been for years in your employ are equally, if - not more prone to such conduct. At two P.M., we arrived at Ruatahuna, a small village, surrounded on all sides by dense forests, where we were hospitably received. "The natives soon cooked us some potatoes, on which we made a very hearty meal. I remained for three days at this village, during which my whole time was fully occupied with the natives. On the morning of the 4th we again recommenced our journey. Our route, at first, lay over very high and steep hills, clothed IN NEW ZEALAND. 37 with forests to their summits; which having attained, we de- scended to a deep valley, where ran a rapid brawling stream, from 2 to 3 feet in depth. By the banks of this river, among gigantic ferns and underwood, decaying logs and fallen trees, we travelled on, every now and then crossing the stream, which we certainly did this day more than fifty times. This was by no means pleasant, but there was no alternative. I observed in one place where we crossed the river, a small plant, under water, growing thickly in its gra- velly bed, where the stream was deep and rapid ; I got up a quantity, but could not detect either inflorescence or fruit ; from habit and general appearance I believed it to be a spe- cies of Epilobium; but unfortunately I subsequently lost the specimens thus procured. On the banks of this river, I first obtained a fine arborescent Dicksonia (289), D. fibrosa, n. sp., W. C. This fern, in its native forests, attains a height of 18 feet. Its large and spreading living fronds measure from 6 to 9 feet in length; these, how- ever, are generally few in number and deciduous. In affinity, itis near D. squarrosa, Sw., from which species, however, it may readily be distinguished, even at a distance, by its very bulky caudex, composed of thick layers of fibres, resembling, at first sight, the fibrous interior of the husk of the cocoa- nut. Some trees I noticed possessing a trunk from 14 to 16 inches in diameter. The natives separate this fibrous epi- dermis into thick slices, which they use for many purposes in the construction of their houses and stores, being easier cut by them, with their scanty means, than wood. A piece as large asa small plank may readily be obtained. They find it, also, to be much more effectual than timber, in excluding rats and mice, as these animals cannot gnaw through this dry and fibrous substance with the facility which they can through wood. In this locality I also found a species of Myrtus (194), a small tree, which I believe to be identical with one — discovered on the banks of the River Wairua in 1841, and - numbered 23 in the case of specimens sent you in that year, bearing orange-coloured and edible berries. It also seems to 38 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST be a closely allied species to No. 115, already noticed. This graceful shrub, or small tree, grows to the height of 10 or 12 feet. About four P.M., we emerged from the dense woods to a large plain, covered with Pferis esculenta, the first plain of fern we had seen for several days. Passing over this plain, I obtained from a boggy watercourse, a small plant, with white flowers (189), a species of Marchantia (198), a Hydrocotyle (199), and a species of Hypericum (200). The latter ap- peared to me to be very distinct from H. pusillum, D.C., in being a much larger plant, of erect growth, with oblong calyces, and oblong-ovate, or obovate, undulated and mar- gined leaves; whereas H. pusillum is described “ caule debile prostrato, foliis ovatis obtusis, calyce lanceolata," &c. We halted this evening at Te Waiiti, a fenced village, situated on the banks of the river at the end of the plain. The next morning we resumed our journey. On ascending the first hill, I found a small plant growing in a rivulet (195), perhaps a variety of 189, already noticed. A little further on splendid specimens of Lomaria linearis grew luxuriantly about the margins of woods near the river. Here, also, were several fine plants of Dicksonia fibrosa, their trunks grotesquely hewn by the natives into all manner of uncom- mon shapes in cutting away their fibrous epidermis, for the purposes already mentioned. Discovered another Lomaria this morning (290), in ascending the first wooded hill after crossing the river. This species, (L. deltoides, n. sp. W. C.) approaches very closely to L. deflexa (n. sp. No. 268), already noticed ; differing, however, in its habit, manner of growth, size, and in being hairy underneath, and ciliated on the mar- gins of its pinne. ln a damp forest I obtained fine speci- mens of my new Davallia (No. 56), already mentioned, some fronds measuring 18 inches in length. I only observed this fern growing in two places in the whole of my journey, and not above half-a-dozen plants in either spot. Ascending the barren and lofty hills before us, I found, near their summits, a species of Composita (185), which I had not previously seen. These hills were formed chiefly of broken pumice IN NEW ZEALAND. 39 and ashes. 'The sun was intensely hot, and the roads, in several places, worn into deep and hollow gorges, were ex- tremely dry and dusty, our feet, and even our ancles, being often completely buried in the loose and broken pumice through which we had to travel. Gaining the summit of the highest hill, the view was most extensive and striking. Im- mediately beneath, meandered the Wirinaki, a bold brawling river, flowing quickly over its stony bed, and possessing water sufficient to float a moderate sized boat; beyond, rose barren hills of all possible irregular shapes and heights; far- ther still, an extensive plain extended E. and W. as far as the eye could reach; next, a chain of lofty, table- topped hills bounded the range of vision; whilst, here and there, far away in the extreme distance, several high and iso- lated mountains reared their barren heads above the horizon. On the left appeared Tauwaura, a high mountain in the Taupo district; Paeroa and Kaingaroa, near Rotorua, pre- sented themselves in front; whilst, to the extreme right, Putauaki, the high mountain, near Wakatane, on the east coast, upreared its two-peaked summit to the clouds. Here, notwithstanding the pleasurable height to which my imagina- tion had been raised, whilst engaged in contemplating the magnificence and extent of the prospect before me, it soon sank below its ordinary level, on finding that not a human being dwelt in all that immense tract of country on which my eager gaze then rested! The grass grew, the flowers blossomed, and the river rolled, but not for man—solitude all! Even the little birds, few though they were in number, seemed to think with me, for they flew from spray to spray, around and about my path, with their melancholy “ twit, twit,” as if wishing to have all they could of the company of a passer-by. Their actions were quite in unison with my feelings, and I could but exclaim, “ Oh! Solitude, where are thy charms MW etc. Descending to the banks of the river Wirinaki, I was re- warded with the discovery of a few new plants: among them a linear-leaved Coprosma nee a procumbent and 40 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST straggling shrub, in habit and general appearance much like C. acerosa, doubtless identical with that species; two species of Epilobium, one a very beautiful species (188), which I be- lieve to be the same as one the leaves of which I had pre- viously noticed in the valley of Waiapu, (vide sp. no. . 10, &c.), the other with densely linear and serrated leaves (187) ; different kinds of Graminee (184, 190, 201, this last a variety, perhaps, of number 53); a small shrubby Draco- phyllum (192) and a Carmichaelia (193). Possibly this Car- michaelia may prove identical with that (no. 7 f.) observed without flowers or fruit in Waiapu valley. Crossing the. water I obtained a very pretty little Polygonum (146), some plants of which were so small as not to exceed an inch in height, although bearing both flower and fruit. Proceeding over the long plain I had seen from the hill-tops, and which was exceedingly barren, I got specimens of some small Restiaceous ? plants (181, 191), which, with Leucopogon Fraseri and the small Polygonum already noticed, comprized the vegetation of this very desolate place. Night was fast closing around us, and we quickened our pace, although ex- cessively tired, in hopes of finding a few sticks wherewith to kindle a fire, for none at present appeared within the range of our eye-sight. After some time we met with some small dry scrub (Leptospermum scoparium) on the bank of the river, where we bivouacked forthe night. At a very early hour the next morning we recommenced our journey. Crossing the rapid river, Rangiteiki, at the end of the plain, (which at the fording-place we found to be breast-deep, and which we were obliged to eross in an oblique direction, that we might not be swept down by its strong current), we travelled over a country more sterile, if possible, than that of yesterday. An interminable succession of dry and barren hills of lava, pumiee, ashes, and other volcanic matter, where the stunted vegetation was all but quite burnt up with the long drought, afforded a very scanty gleaning to the Botanist. I was rewarded, however, with a few new plants in this day's toil- some march. A fine species of erect Cardamine (138) was IN NEW ZEALAND. 41 found at Mangamako, a little wood through which we passed ; a very graceful Dracophyllum (145), a small shrub, from two to four feet in height, grew sparingly here in the little dells between the hills; and in the same locality I ob- tained a small species of Gnaphalium (137 a, &c.), which appeared to differ from any yet noticed. Here also I procured specimens of two curious little plants of Composite (140, 141) which sprung up in dense patches on the dry and broken pumice. "Towards evening, we arrived in the neigh- bourhood of the Rotorua Lakes. When traversing a deep bog, I discovered a very peculiar little leafless monopetalous- flowered plant, growing in the mud (143). On nearing Ran- giwakaaitu, the first and southernmost lake, I was much gra- tified with the very lovely appearance of a truly beautiful species of Leptospermum (144), a small tree from 15 to 25 feet in height, which flourished here, growing in clumps and rows as if artificially planted. These trees were literally laden with a profusion of beautiful blossom ; and, from there being no underwood about them, not so much as a tuft of grass, they looked the more charming and conspicuous. An- other cireumstance struck me as singular: no small or young trees of the species could be met with ; all were old trees of many years’ growth. I say old, because the Leptospermum is a slow growing plant. Beneath them I saw a curious woolly moss (139,) which, though sought for assiduously, I could not detect bearing any fructification. : We had intended to make Tarawera (the second lake where some natives resided) our halting-place for this night ; but, although we had nothing to eat, we were so excessively tired as to bring up on the white-gravelled shores of the placid Rangiwakaaitu. I offered my natives the choice of staying supperless where we were, or proceeding to Tara- wera distant about three miles, and there getting food; fatigue, however, overcame hunger and they ehose the latter. The whole face of the country in the neighbourhood of the lake was overspread with massy blocks of lava, scattered in every direction, many of which were vitrified on the surface. 42 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST The ground rose gently from the lake, which appeared to occupy a deep hollow, and I could but venture to suppose that this might perhaps have been the crater of that volcano, which, in some bygone age, inundated the adjacent country with showers of pumice and ashes. Jan. 7th.—Early this morning we arose, feverish, stiff, and sore, from our gravelly couch to recommence our march. We soon came within sight of the place where the hot springs were situated, from which the steam and sulphureous vapours continually ascended in dense white clouds. The air this morning was cool and bracing. After travelling about an hour and a half we arrived most ravenously hungry at Tara- weralake. Here, at a little village on its banks, we procured some potatoes, on which we breakfasted with a hearty zest. At this place were several small hot springs, which flowed out of the earth near the edge of the lake; the water of some being hotter than the hand could bear. Just within the lake the water was warm, a little further on it was luke warm, and, further still, cold; so that these natives have baths of every requisite degree of heat always ready without any trouble whatever. The water of the lake I suppose to be specifically heavier than the sulphuretted hot waters which flowed into it; as, whenever the natives of the village wished to drink, I observed them to go into the lake and dashing the uppermost water aside with their feet quickly take up some from beneath; which, they said, was good and cold. The natives of the village informed me that at a spring on a hill at a little distance, the water was quite hot enough for the purpose of cooking, for which they often used it. Sul- phur, too, abounded there, and was frequently “ thrown up" out of the earth, from a place whence steam and smoke ever ascended. My curiosity being excited, while breakfast was getting ready, [ set off with a native of the village as a guide to the boiling spring; butafter gaining one hill and not per- ceiving any sign of the same, and being almost exhausted from want of food, hunger overcame curiosity and I returned to the village. I have several times been surprised at the great IN NEW ZEALAND. 43 carelessness which I have exhibited towards rare natural pro- ductions, when either over-fatigued. or ravenously hungry; at such times botanical, geological and other specimens, which I had eagerly and with much pleasure collected and carefully carried for many a weary mile, have become quite a burden, and have been sometimes one by one abandoned ; to be, how- ever, invariably regretted afterwards. Breakfast ended, we, accompanied by the chief of the village, paddled to near the opposite extremity of the lake. This sheet of water is about three and a half miles in length, and from one to two miles in breadth; surrounded on all sides by barren hills and very deep. Landing and walking about two furlongs, we came to Kareka, another little lake much smaller than the preceding. Here we were obliged to wait some time before we could get a canoe, which being obtained, we paddled about a mile to the opposite end, landed and continued our journey. Gaining the top of a high hill we had a fine prospect of the principallake of Rotorua : a noble sheet of water about six miles in diameter with a very picturesque island nearly in the midst. An easy journey ofa few miles from this place brought us to Te Ngae, the mission station on the east side of the lake, where the hospitable reception I received from Mr. and Mrs. Chapman, quickly made me forget all hard- ships. I gained not a single botanical specimen of anything new this day. At Te Ngae I remained a few days, during which time I visited Ohinemutu, a large and fenced town on the bank of the lake, celebrated for its boiling springs. ‘The largest spring at this place was boiling most furiously, throwing out many gallons of water a minute, which rolled away steaming and smoking into the lake, a second Phlegethon! In the smaller springs, of which there were several, the natives cook their food, merely tying it up in a rude basket, of the leaves of Phormium tenaz, woven together, and placing | it in the boiling water, where it is soon dressed. For this purpose, and for that of bathing, they have made a number of holes through the crust or scorie, on which this village is 44 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST principally built ; so that it may truly be said, that this people dwell in houses erécted over subterranean fires. ‘The sulphureous stench which abounded here was almost insup- portable. The blade of a knife, immersed for a short period in some of these waters, soon becomes, as it were, superfi- cially bronzed. Accidents not unfrequently happen to children, and to dogs and pigs brought from a distance. The quadrupeds, however, of the place appear instinctively to be well aware of the heat of these streams, and shun them accordingly. The natives who live in this neighbourhood are, when travelling, easily recognized as belonging to this district, in consequence of their front teeth decaying at an early age, contrary to those of other New Zealanders: this is supposed to be caused by the sulphur with which these springs are impregnated, being deposited on the surface of their food in cooking, which consisting chiefly of roots, is mostly bitten into morsels with their front teeth. Here, on the very edge of the large boiling spring, several plants flourished exceedingly, particularly Péferis Brunoniana, Endl. I brought away specimens of two plants which grew on the brink of the boiling water, and which seemed new; one, a species of Carex (136), the other, a plant of the order Composite (137), probably a Myriogyne, differing however from M. minuta, Less., the leaves of which are much smaller and sessile. I regretted not having a thermometer by which I might ascertain the temperature of the water. Fine specimens of crystallized sulphur abound in this neighbour- hood; but from their delicate structure and extreme fragility, it is rather a difficult matter to convey them to any distance so as to preserve their beauty. The barren hills in the neighbourhood produced an elegant Lycopodium (215), which I suppose to be an entirely new species; and the same locality, afforded a new species of Gaultheria (216), a branching shrub, 4—7 feet in height. Near the station I observed a large Ranunculus (218) growing in low places in the vicinity of the lake; and in the thickets, close by, a IN NEW ZEALAND. 45 species of Rubus in fruit (219), a shrubby plant, climbing over the bushes and young trees near it. Some natives informing me of a new and peculiar tree, which grew on Mokoia, the island in the middle of the lake, I crossed to it, and sought for the same, but found nothing new. From subsequent information, I was led to conclude that the tree of which I had been in quest was no other than the Vitex littoralis of X. Cunn. ; one individual of which, accord- ing to the natives grew on the island, but not another in the whole district. I observed the natives continually masticat- ing a kind of resinous gum, which was insoluble in water, and did not decrease through the process of repeated chewing; this, they informed me, they procured from the Pukapuka (Brachyglottis repanda, A. C.), assuring me that the swallowing of the substance would cause death. They pointed out the shrub, which, although slightly differing in general appearance, bore a strong re- semblance to Cunningham's plant; yet asit was neither in flower nor fruit, I did not colleet any specimens. It may, however, prove new. Mr. Chapman has kindly promised to procure me some of the resinous matter, and specimens of the shrub when the season comes. Through the kind- ness of the same gentleman l obtained, from a spring in the neighbourhood, several specimens of siliceous matter, deposited by the waters of the springs on twigs, leaves, &c. lying in it, some of which I inclose in the case now sent. The lake contains an abundance of small cray-fish, which are very good eating. Here are also two small kinds of fish, called by the natives Kokopu and Inanga, and a black bivalve a species of Unio; the whole of which are common in most of the fresh-water streams in New Zealand. Jan. 13th. — Early this morning I left Te Ngae. Crossing the lake to the N.W. extremity, I landed, and once more recommenced my journey. We soon entered the dense forest, through which the road to Tauranga lies, and in which we travelled until sunset. Here, in a low, wet, and shaded spot, I noticed another new and peculiar species of Lomaria 46 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST (291, L. nigra, n. sp. W. C.) From the stony banks of Mangarewa, a small river running in a deep ravine, I pro- cured specimens of a small Cyperaceous plant (221), which appeared to me to be new. In this locality, too, I discovered an elegant Lindsea (292, L. viridis, n. sp. W. C.) and another fern, which has puzzled me exceedingly, but which may possibly be, after all, but a variety of Aspidium hispidulum, Swartz. J send you, however, a specimen (293) for minute examination. In travelling this day, I carelessly plucked a fern, which grew pendulous from a tree by the path-side, believing it to be Asplenium falcatum, Forst.; happening, however, to preserve the fragment, ] have since examined it, and consider it a very distinct species; I bave named it A. Forsterianum, in honour of that celebrated Botanist, whose name should ever be held in remembrance by all persons botanizing in the forests of New Zealand: a portion of my ` only specimen I send you (294). -I also obtained in this fo- rest some fine specimens of a Tmesipteris (296), which, if not possessing distinctness sufficient to constitute a new species, differs much from my specimens of T. Forsteri, Endl. in size and general appearance. Whilst my natives were pitching my tent, I obtained a few specimens of Jungermannia (220, 223, 225, 226) and a Moss (222), with, apparently, a peculiar yellow lichen parasitical upon it. I hope that some, at least, of these may prove to be new. As the shades of night closed about us in: the deep recesses of the forest, we were visited with numbers of green coleopterous insects which my natives caught, roasted, and ate. During the night the mosquitoes so sadly annoyed us as to keep us from sleeping. At an early hour the next morning we arose and resumed our march, continuing our course, as yesterday, in the forest. I gathered a fine Moss (227), a species of Polytrichum ; and an Urtica with lan- ceolate leaves (224), which appears to be undescribed. - Emerging from the wood, I discovered a fine Gaultheria (217), perhaps the same as the one from Rotorua, (216), already mentioned. From the summit of the hills where IN NEW ZEALAND. 47 this long .forest terminates, a fine sand extensive pros- pect of Tauranga harbour, distant about fifteen miles, pre- sents itself to the view. The road from this place to the sea-side lies through fern land, and is chiefly a descent the whole way. We arrived at the mission station about six P.M., without observing any thing worth noticing on the road thither. At Tauranga I remained a few days; and on the 19th, once more resumed my peregrinations. Crossing the inner harbour which is wide and very shallow, we landed -at the N.W. extremity of the bay where the road to the in- terior commences. Our route this day, after landing, being principally by the sea-side, afforded nothing new, save. a species of -Anthoceros (231), which grew in wet places on the pipe-clay cliffs. We bivouacked for the night by the side of a small stream where we were incessantly tormented with mosquitoes ; and to add to our misery, my guides returned sans cérémonie, leaving my baggage in the desolate wild; through which conduct we were obliged to remain supperless, not having had any food since our early breakfast. The next morning, after some delay from our want of guides, who were eventually obtained froma party of natives in the neighbourhood), we again proceeded, and entering a dense forest, travelled on for several hours, emerging at length on the top of Te Wairere, a very high hill, from the summit of which the view of the surrounding country is most ex- tensive. Tongariro, a very high and still active volcano in the Taupo district, my guide assured me may be seen in clear weather from this place. Beneath us, in the extensive plain, the river Waiho, hence navigable for canoes, mean- dered, mingling its waters with those of the ocean at Puriri on the Thames. In the forest I obtained a few small Cryp- togamic specimens (210, 211, 212, 213, 214), but no other plants attracted my notice as being either new or rare. .De- scending Te Wairere we halted at a brawling stream at its - base to roast a few potatoes. Here, on the brink of the stream, I discovered a small tree of a genus unknown to me, 48 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST (unless it may prove to belong to vophis. I only observed one plant, which was about fifteen feet high, with smooth cinereous bark, solitary crimson fruit, and branches not spreading (228). On cutting its bark a profusion of thick viscid milky juice flowed out. A fine Pimelva (233) was growing plentifully here, which may prove to be identical with no. 24. A small Jungermannia (230) and a species of moss (232), were found by the side of the stream, the waters of which afforded a species of Alga (229). Leaving this place we crossed the river Waiho, which at the ford was nearly breast-high, and proceeded on, over the plain and through the extensive swamps, towards Matamata, a large native village, which place we reached late at night. In erossing the marshes I only noticed a Coprosma as being new, and of which I brought away specimens (207). 21st.—Early this morning I left Matamata, travelling in a S.E. direction towards Maungatautari, an elevated district situated nearly midway between the east and west coasts. In crossing a small river I discovered a peculiar Carex.like procumbent plant (206) growing in its bed, completely under water. As it was now the driest season of the year, and as the water of the stream was nearly 2 feet deep, this plant must necessarily be always immersed. A graceful-leaved Hydrocotyle (209) I also procured specimens of. After walk- ing about eight miles over level and barren ground, we en- tered a romantic valley called by the natives Hinuera. This valley has on either side high and perpendicular volcanic rocks, composed of a conglomerate of pumice, scorie, ob- sidian, &c. On the south side of the valley this rocky ram- part ran continuously for nearly two miles, while on the north side the hills bore on their table-tops groves and clumps of graceful pines, which contributed not a little to the beauty of the landscape. Halted at 2 p.m., to dine under a large and projecting crag, which, jutting out from the rocks on the north side of the valley, overhung our path. Here, beneath this rock, I discovered an elegant Asplenium 295, A. Hookerianum, n. sp., W. C.), a species approaching IN NEW ZEALAND. 49 very near in habit and affinity to A. Colensoi. I did myself the honour and pleasure of naming this graceful Fern in compliment to my much respected and talented friend J. D. Hooker, Esq., M.D., who, in the capacity of Natu- ralist, visited these islands in H.M.S. “ Erebus,” (one of the Antarctic Discovery Ships) in the winter of 1841. In a thicket in this neighbourhood through which we passed, I detected a graceful shrab of very slender habit (234) with peculiar hairy (strigoso-hispid) bark. This plant has only a few divaricated branches, and attains to the height of 6—9 feet. Proceeding hence we suddenly came upon a most re- markable subsidence of the earth in the midst of a large plain. After descending through a rapidly inclining and narrow defile having sandy opes on either side (on which in dense patches grew that little plant I had found in low sandy places in Waiapu valley on the east coast, no. 29), I reached a level also of sand, and destitute of the least blade of vegetation ; thence I descended an almost perpendicular descent knee-deep in sand to another level, where a subject for contemplation and astonishment presented itself. On all sides rose perpendicular and sandy cliffs, varying in height from 150 to 200 feet, for the most part white and sterile and composed of loose volcanic sand and pebbles to their very bases. At the bottom of this immense ravine a gentle Stream wound its silent way, whilst a little further whole trees dead and charred (from whose sides the loose sand, &c., had been removed by the action of the winds and rains) stood erect, in the spots where many years ago they once grew at a depth from 1 to 200 feet below the present level of the soil!! Igreatly regretted my being so much pressed for time in passing this place (called by the natives Piarere), but the Sabbath drew nigh, we had no provision, with several miles yet to go ere we should reach a village, and the loose sand through which we were now toiling we often sunk in up to our knees. Quitting this hollow, and ascending its S. W. side, I was again agreeably sur- prised and pleased in seeing the noble River Waikato, with VOL. III. E 50 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST . its blue waters (here wide, and swift, and deep), rolling ma- jestically along. This is the largest fresh-water stream I have yet seen in New Zealand. This river the natives navi- gate in their canoes from above this place to where it dis- embogues into the south ocean on the west coast, a distance of upwards of two hundred miles. In consequence of there not being any food here, we had to travel nearly five miles in an almost southerly direction by the bank of the river, ere we could cross it. There, however, we found a rude bridge thrown across at a place where the river is very narrow, being confined within a sandstone channel through which it rushes with fearful ve- locity, eddying, and foaming, and carrying everything before it. The sandstone rocks on either side, through the softness of the stone, and the continual working of the waters, were fretted into a thousand fantastic shapes. Leaving the river, and ascending the western banks, we proceeded in a westerly direction for upwards of six miles, arriving at sunset, unwell, in pain, and much fatigued, at Wareturere, a small village in the Maungatautari district, where we were hospitably re- ceived by the natives. The sun, throughout this day, was intensely hot, and most of the country over which we passed quite free from wood, and very dry and dusty. Gained little indeed, in botany this day. 24th.—Early this morning, I resumed my journey. The fervent sun, unobscured with clouds, told of another melting day ; and the high fern-brakes through which we had to force our way, abounded with their dreaded subtle yellow dust. “In vain the sight, dejected, to the ground Stoops for relief; thence hot-ascending steams, And keen reflection, pain.” ** Distressful Nature pants, The tery streams look languid from afar, Or, through the unsheltered glade, impatient seem To hurl into the covert of the grove." Cheering my native companions in travel, we struggled on together up the steep hills. Reaching the summit of we IN NEW ZEALAND. 51 wooded mountainous range, we descended over fern-land into extensive swampy plains. I observed that pest to agricul- ture, the large-leaved Rumex, very plentiful here. The na- tives say that the Negapuhi tribes (who live in the north parts of the island, and with whom they were formerly at continual enmity), introduced it in order to spoil their lands. I doubt, however, the cause assigned for its introduction ‘here in the very centre of the island, but not the fuct. At Poverty Bay and parts adjacent, the natives assert that the seed of this plant was originally sold them by whites for to- bacco seed! It is now to be met with in several districts, in common with many other noxious European weeds. I have often noticed in travelling, certain spots abounding with the rankest vegetation, but without a single indigenous plant. The new comers appear to vegetate so fast as quite to exter- minate and supersede the original possessors of the soil. In crossing a very deep and boggy place in the swamp, this morning, I again met with that peculiar and pretty little leafless, plant already noticed, no. 143, in perfection. I found it, however, not a very easy matter to procure speci- mens, as it grew only on the deep black mud of the bog ; fortunately, I succeeded in gathering some (208), without getting very deep into the mud. Here, in the midst of the swamp, a beautiful bird,* apparently of the crane kind, rose gracefully from among the reeds, and flew slowly around us; its under plumage was of a light yellow or ochre colour, with dark brown upper feathers. None of my natives knew the bird, declaring they had never seen such an one before. Leaving the swamp and entering on the plain beyond it, I discovered a new and elegant plant of the Orchidee family and genus Microtis, possessing a beautiful carmine-coloured perianth, with pubescent scape and spike (203). It was, however, very scarce, and only grew in one low spot by the path-side. Most of the plants had foiron: but I was for- * I am inclined to believe that it was a similar bird to the specimen herewith sent for the Museum of the Linnæan Society.. EZ 52 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST tunate enough to procure two specimens that were still in blossom. I also met with a little Restiaceous? flexuose and procumbent plant (204), which grew in patches plentifully in this locality. A beautiful Moss, too, I discovered here (235), and noticed that pretty little Lobelia, already mentioned under no. 58, growing hereabouts in great profusion. To- wards evening, in crossing a deep and watery swamp, I ga- thered specimens of a Coprosma (205), which may prove a new species; it was a small tree, 6 to 8 feet in height. At sunset, we reached the Mission Station at Otawao where Mr. Morgan resides. "This place being almost in the midst of an extensive plain affords little entertainment to the bo- tanist. 26th.—Again recommenced our journey towards the west- ern coast, I did not gather a single plant during the whole of this day’s march, although we travelled over many a weary mile of desolate wilderness, until some time after sunset. At one part of our route this morning, the scenery was. of the most enchanting description ; groves and clumps of that ele- gant Pine, Dacrydium excelsum, were intersected with small placid lakes, and level plains, free from underwood, the whole appearing as a work of art. Late at night we threw our- selves down to rest among the fern in a small and miserable village near the banks of the river Waipa. Rest, however, was out of the question, for our old implacable winged tor- mentors, the mosquitoes, were innumerable. The next morning before sunrise hungry, weary and sleepy, we wil- lingly started from this wretched place, where our night, in- stead of being one of rest, had literally been one of continual torment. Passing a deep and muddy water-course, E obtained speci- mens of a large-leaved Myriophyllum (238), which may pro- bably prove to be a new species. The banks on either side of the water in which it grew being of deep mud made it diffi- cult to procure good specimens. A balf-an-hour's march brought us to a village on the immediate banks of the Waipa river. Here we obtained a canoe and got some food, which IN NEW ZEALAND. 53 having quickly despatched, we proceeded down the river in our bark. This river has a very tortuous course, winding continually to all points of the compass.* Its width is pretty uniform, generally being from 70 to 100 feet, with a slow current. It is navigable hence for large boats, and the sides are, in many places, densely clothed with trees to the water's edge; among which Dacrydium excelsum shows itself con- spicuous. In its banks which are mostly composed of allu- vial earth, and which in some places are 14—20 feet in height, pipe-clay and volcanic sand sometimes present them- selves to the view. At four p.m. we reached Ngaruawahie, the spot where the junction of this river with the Waikato is effected. As before the Waikato came rolling impe- tuously on, carrying its waters quite across the placid Waipa to the opposite bank. From this place the two rivers bear the name of Waikato to the sea, and justly so too, as the waters of the Waipa are completely lost in those of the deep and rapid Waikato. A little below Ngaruawahie we met a native in a canoe with a live and elegant specimen ofthe genus Fulica. I hailed the man, and purchased the * I will just mention the direction of the river for the first ten miles, as I took it down from observation with my compass : N.E. N. N.W., 1 mile. S.S.E. S. Those bearings without distances an- S S.W. nexed, I supposed to be under half a S., $ mile mile. S.S.W. W. W.N.W., 4 mile, W.S.W. W., 15 mile. W.N.W. N.W. N. N.N.E., 5 mile. N. N.W. 54 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST bird, which he had recently snared for a little tobacco. It was a most graceful creature: and as far as I am aware, an entirely new and undescribed species, Its general colour was dark, almost black; head grey, and without a. frontal shield; fore-neck and breast, ferruginous-red ; wings barred with white; bil sharp; feet and legs glossy olive; toes beautifully and largely festooned at the edges; the eyes light-coloured and very animated. The bird was very fierce, and never ceased attempting to. bite at every thing within its reach. I kept it until we landed, intending to preserve it; but it was late, and I had neither material at hand nor time to spare, and the animal too, looked. so very lovely, that I could not make up my mind to put it to death, so I let it go: it swam, and dived, and disappeared. From. its not possessing a frontal shield on the forehead (which is one of the principal generic marks of the Linnean genus Fulica),, it may possibly be hereafter considered as the type of a new. genus serving to connect the genera Fulica and Rallus. Not a doubt, however, in my opinion can exist, as to its being. naturally allied in habit and affinity to the former; I have therefore named it Fulica Nove Zelandie. In size, it was. somewhat less than our European species, F. atra. I gained not any botanical specimens this day, save the Myriophyllum. already mentioned, although I had every reason to believe that many new and interesting plants would doubtless be found in the dense and ever-humid forests on the immediate. banks of this noble river. Time, however, would not permit. my delaying for that purpose. | 27th.—This morning, at an early hour, I recommenced | my voyage down the Waikato. I found the river to widen considerably, being in some places from three hundred to. five hundred yards in width, but very shallow. Its course, here, was not so sinuous and much more northerly than. those portions we passed over yesterday. The land is low on - either side, and, as I proceeded, several small and flat islands divided the river into channels. After paddling about twenty miles we beached. our canoe on a small island, in order to IN-NEW ZEALAND. 55 breakfast. The river here is very shoal with a sandy bottom, which, together with the subsoil of the island on which we landed is of volcanic origin consisting of broken lava and pumice. I found nothing new among the vegetation of the islet. Near this place, the natives informed me, and at a short distance from the right bank of the river, is a large lake, in which are quantities of Kanae, (Mugil —) and Patiki, (Pleuronectes —) neither of which fish is found in the Waikato. The lake is named Waikare and runs into the Waikato a little lower down. As we proceeded, the banks of the river became more and more lovely being, in many places, clothed with the richest profusion of vegeta- tion to the water’s edge. Among the trees the Kahikatea (Dacrydium excelsum) was ever predominant. We noticed a Kauri (Dammara australis) to-day for the first time since we left the Bay of Islands; at seeing which my natives, whom I had brought with me from the East Coast, (and who had never seen one of these pines pe it not being found in those parts), were much gratified. "Towards evening we passed several islets in the : river, some of which were high and beautifully wooded, and noticed Da- erydium excelsum growing very close together in the forests. Gathered, overhanging the banks of the river, a specimen of Parsonsia with axillary inflorescence (239), which may, how: ever prove but a variety of P. heterophylla, as that plant continually varies in appearance, hardly two specimens being alike. I also obtained a specimen of a small weak plant with opposite obovate and sub-spathulate leaves (240) from inun- dated places near the river, which was new to me; I co not, however, detect it anywhere in flower. Two specimens of Epilobium, (241, 244) one (244) a very fine plant; a Myrio- phyllum (245) and a linear-leaved floating plant [ Potamo- geton?) (247) which grew in the water, I also procured in this locality. Brought up, for the night, on a little open flat on the left bank of the river. The mosquitoes, as might have been expected, were in interminable clouds and most annoying. 56 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST Large quantities of an elegant species of Cyperus, (C. fulvus? R. Br.) grew here on either shore. 28.—Early this morning we resumed our course down the river which here begins to be under the influence of the tides. The morning was squally and lowering, with every indication of a gale at hand. As we neared the sea-coast the river became very wide, being from two to three miles across, and containing several flat islands. The water here is shallow. At noon we had a prospect of the outer range of hills on the West Coast ; and a more dreary and sterile one cannot easily be imagined ; high and broken ferruginous-eoloured sand- hills destitute of the least vestige of vegetation. The wind setting in from the sea against the ebbing tide caused the water to become very rough, calling forth our united energies to keep our frail bark from swamping. At two p.m. we landed in safety at Maraetei, a station belonging. to the Church Mission where the Rev. R. Maunsell resides, whose kind and hospitable reception quickly made us forget the little danger we had so very lately been in. Maraetei is on the immediate south bank of Waikato river, and only about a mile distant from the heads. The land on the southern side is very high and precipitous ; while on the northern it is lower, and for three or four miles the very perfection of barrenness. Mr. M., who has been several times up and dewn the river, sup- poses the distance which we came by water to be from 130 to 150 miles; being very nearly what I had caleulated it. The river decreases rapidly in width as you approach its mouth, which is exceedingly narrow, with a bar across it, on. which is two fathom of water. Here, the breakers rst continually ; one or two small vessels have, however, entered. Feb. Ist—At six a.m. we left Maraetei; crossing the river in a canoe to the northern bank, and proceeded over the sand hills on our journey towards Manukau. We soon descended to the outer coast, over theinterminable sandy beach of which we travelled until an hour after sunset ; when greatly fatigued IN NEW ZEALAND. 57 we halted for the night on the sands, about three miles within the Southern head of Manukau Bay. The land to our right this day was high and much broken, composed of sand and sandstone, and covered with verdure. "The continual falling, however, of the sand, &c. of which these hills are composed, will, in process of time, cause them entirely to disappear. I noticed some plants, evidently species of Edwardsia, the habit and foliage of which differed from the one I have hitherto seen. I took specimens (243), and regretted there not being either flower or fruit. A little Limosella ? (242) also grew here in the sand. On the face of a damp cliff, near a small water-course which trickled down the rocks, I discovered a peculiar succulent plant bearing a raceme of obovate red drupe (246). These, with a moss (237), from the wet rocks in this locality, comprised the whole of my collection during this day's journey. The next morning we continued our course by the sinuous shores of Manukau Bay. We soon reached a native village, where, gaining a supply of potatoes, &c., we recruited our strength, and, engaging a canoe, paddled to the upper ex- tremity of the harbour, landing at Otahuhu, the isthmus connecting the northern and southern parts of the Northern Island of New Zealand. This isthmus is very narrow, only about three-quarters of a mile across, and an almost level piece of ground. There are not any forests in this locality, scarcely even a single tree; the eye wanders over a succession of low volcanic hills, bearing nothing but the monotonous brown Fern (Pteris esculenta), with here and there a shrub of Coriaria sarmentosa rising a few feet above the common denizen of the soil by which it is everywhere* surrounded. This neighbourhood was once densely inha- bited ; but the frequent and sanguinary wars of the ferocious tribes of this benighted land, have all but entirely depopu- lated these fertile districts. ; Having concluded to return overland to the ler: of: Islands, we procured a supply of rice—the only portable article of food obtainable in these parts—for we were now VOL, IIL F 58 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST about entering on an uninhabited route, and that too without a guide. Early in the morning of the 4th, we left Otahuhu in a small canoe which we had borrowed, and paddling down the Bay about. four miles, landed on the northern side of the harbour, and continued our course by the muddy winding shores of Te Wau, a little cove, where the path leading to Kaipara commenced. Here, while my natives were engaged in cooking our breakfast, I discovered a shrub of a genus altogether unknown to me. It bears an oblong succulent bacca, containing several large, angular, and irregularly shaped seeds (248) ; the mode of growth is diffuse and slender, with but few branches, and its height is from 5 to 9 feet. In habit alone it approaches some species of the Coprosma genus. There were several of these shrubs here, on the immediate banks of a little rivulet which ran through this dell; I did not, however, observe them in any other locality. Continuing our journey, I found, in ascending the first clayey hill from the sea-side, a handsome shrubby Dracophyllum (249), which, from its not being noticed by Cunningham in his “ Pre- cursor," I suppose to be a new species. This shrub is from 2to 5 feet in height, somewhat rigid in its growth, and branched at bottom. It will, with the other new species already mentioned, No. 145, naturally fall between D. lati- folium, Banks, and D. Urvilleanum, Rich., and thus con- nect the whole of the already known New Zealand species. We travelled on, over open and barren heaths, in a northerly direction, till sunset, but saw nothing new in these dreary and sterile wilds, save the Dracophyllum already noticed. Bivou- acked for the night in a little dell, nestling among the close growing Leptospermum : not a stick being anywhere within ken large enough to serve as a tent-pole. Next morning we recommenced our journey in rain, the country for several miles being much the same as that of yesterday. About noon we passed some forests of Dammara, which were burning fiercely ; some person or persons who had lately gone that — way having set fire to the brushwood, which soon caught the "N NEW ZEALAND. 59 forests.. This is a very common occurrence in New Zea- land, and often thoughtlessly done by the natives on pur- - pose to cause a blaze, by which means many a noble forest of Pines has been entirely consumed. A species of Metro- sideros was growing in these woods, a small tree about 15 feet in height, of which I took specimens (250). A fragment of a woolly-looking Jungermannia (251), a Polygonum (253), and a Pimelea (254) were also procured in this locality. All these, perhaps, have been already noticed. On arriving at Kaipara, we found we had no means of crossing the harbour, a sheet of water which, from where we now were, at the extreme southern inlet of the harbour, to the nearest landing place on the northern shore, was more than sixty miles across. Our situation at this place was rather unpleasant, no natives being near. Rather, however, than retrace our weary steps to Otahuhu, we agreed to wait a day or two, in hopes of a canoe arriving at the landing-place. Here then we remained until the night of Tuesday the 8th, making fires on the brow of the hill, in order, if possible, to attract the attention of the inhabitants residing on the opposite shores of the water before us. No one, however, came ; and on Tuesday, reconnoitring with my glass, I saw the roof of a hut about four miles distant, which, from its construction, I knew to belong to a white. Thither, without delay, I de- spatched two of my natives, who, to their credit be it said, willingly went, although they had to force a passage through mud and underwood the whole distance. At night they returned, with two whites, in an old, patched-up, and leaky boat, in which we gladly left this wretched place, where the mosquitoes were more numerous and intolerably annoy- ing than I had ever before found them. So thick and torment- ing were these insects at night, that I was obliged to leave my tent, and move about in my cloak from place to place, as they successively found me out. We had, in hopes of avoid- ing them, pitehed our tent on the top of the hill, more than a mile from the water below, but without the least change for the better. On the morning of the 12tb, after encoun- F2 60 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST tering no little hardship and danger, we landed near the upper end of Otamatea inlet, on the north-east side of Kaipara. Here the boat left us, and we soon found that our situation was ten times worse than before; for there was no path, nor the slightest indication of the treading of a human foot in these solitary and pathless deserts. Return we could not, for our boat was gone; stand still we dared not, as our small supply of food was fast diminishing ; proceed we hardly cared to think of, not knowing whither our tor- tuous course would end, in a country like this, where we now, for the first time, were hemmed in among tangled brakes and primeval forests, bounded by a distant horizon of high and broken hills. In this exigency I determined on proceeding by compass in as straight a line as possible to the eastern coast; for although I had not a map with me, I was well aware that the Island was narrow in these parts. Words however fail to describe what we had to undergo in forcing our way through the horrid interwoven mass of shrubs, creepers, and fern, and prostrate trees, and swamps, and mud. Suffice to say, that by dint of extreme exertion I providentially gained the sand-hills at Manga' wai, on the east coast, by ten a.m., on Monday the 14th. Descending the hilly range on the sea-coast, I found there was an extensive inlet to cross, which, as the tide was flowing fast, I lost no time in fording; so plunging in, I waded to the opposite shore, the water being breast-high. I supposed my natives to be following pretty closely after me ; and feeling quite an appe- tite for my breakfast, having walked nearly six hours this morning, I commenced looking narrowly about for fresh water, continuing my journey towards the coast. Here, ex- hausted though I was, I discovered and secured an hitherto unnoticed species of Leptospermum, a shrub or small tree, growing plentifully on the sand-hills, from 6 to 10 feet in height, bearing a villous capsule (255), apparently near L. attenuatum, Sw. Here, too, a shrub of the Order Com- posite (perhaps identical with Cassinia leptophylla), was - seen profusely, of which I brought away a specimen for — IN NEW ZEALAND. 61 examination (256). Travelling on by the rocky coast, a little water-course which ran on the beach, afforded a small plant, perhaps a species of Chara (257); and on the sand near by, a Chenopodium (258), the only plants of which I took speci- mens. It was now past noon; the day was very sultry, and I, having recommenced my journey this morning long before sunrise, was tired, wet, and hungry, in a desolate and wild place, when Irealized a conviction which had been for the last hour gaining ground in my mind, that I was alone. I retraced my steps to the sand-hills, and sought about, and shouted repeatedly, but all in vain; nought but the loud dash of the billow, as it broke on the lonely strand, with now and then a melancholy wail of the sandpiper, burst on my ex- pectant ear. My natives somehow had strayed into another direction or lagged behind, so that I saw nothing more of them until after sunset on Tuesday the 15th, when they joined me on the outer beach of Wangarei Bay. During these two days I managed to subsist on some shell-fish from the rocks, the scanty sarcocarp of the fruit of the Coryno- carpus levigatus, Forst. (the large kernel of this fruit being in its raw state an active poison) and the inner young leaves of Areca sapida, Sol.; this latter plant affords good eating, a bonne bouche to any one in my situation. My natives were exceedingly happy the next night on finding that I was safe, as they knew not what had become of me. To their honour I would relate, that though they were bearers of provisions, yet they would not touch a morsel during the two days we were separated from each other, knowing that I was with- out food; saying, “ What! shall we eat while our father is starving?” Like myself, they had subsisted on the shell-fish and the fruit before mentioned. The remainder of my journey is briefly told. On the morning of the 16th we travelled on to Te Ruakaka, a village a few miles from the south shore of Wangarei Bay ; where we were hospitably received, and made a hearty breakfast. Hence we crossed Wangarei Bay in a small canoe, running no little risk in so doing. Proceeding thence by the line of 62 JOURNAL OF A NATURALIST IN NEW ZEALAND. coast, we safely reached the Bay of Islands, on the 22nd of February; with, I dare hope, thankful hearts to our Heavenly Father for all his mercies. I did not observe anything new in Botany during these few last days; in fact, I did not particularly look after anything, for I had often gone over the ground to Wangarei; and I much wished to reach the Bay of Islands, with the least delay . possible, in consequence of the disturbed state of that dis- trict. Thus, my dear Sir William, I have endeavoured to give you a faithful outline of my rambling journey. And although I have extended this present communication, written by snatches, to a much greater length than was originally con- templated, it will after all, I fear, be considered very deficient in point of satisfactory information. I have also, I confess, great reason to apprehend that many of the speeimens, fondly cherished by me as new, may after all be well known to you ;.notwithstanding I hope to be forgiven for thus presuming too much, in this my novitiate; when you kindly consider my situation, here at the antipodes, not only without, but far away from, books of reference. My errors of conjecture, too, in venturing an opinion as to what genus certain un- known plants may belong, I trust, for the same assignable reason, will also be charitably construed. Making then every fair deduction, I think there are still grounds for hop- ing that a portion of these plants will prove quite new to: science. In conclusion, my dear Sir William, wishing you the same amount of pleasure in looking over, as I had in gathering. and putting up for you, the specimens now sent, Allow me once more to subscribe myself, Very sincerely and faithfully yours, WinrriAM CoLenso.. CHARACTERS OF BRITISH PLANTS, 63 Notes on the Specific Characters and Varieties of some British Plants. By Hewerr C. Watson, Esq. (Continued from page 623.) The following notes will refer to the characters and specific distinction of several plants as they exist in nature, or are given in the two most recent works which describe the plants of Britain; namely, the fifth edition of the British Flora, by Sir W. J. Hooker, and the Manual of British Botany, by Mr. C. C. Babington. We are informed by their respective authors, and almost in the same terms, that these two works have been founded upon *an examination of the plants themselves;” and no doubt such is the fact. Yet in many instances the two Floras do not at all corres- pond, either as relates to the distinction in species and varie- ties, or as regards the characters used for specific discrimina- tion. The existence of these differences clearly proves that there is still something to be ascertained and settled; still something to be learned by direct inquiry from nature. Lately, indeed, much has been said about the necessity of consulting more frequently the works of continental botanists, as if that were the one essential course for constructing a Flora of Britain. If the question were one respecting accuracy and uniformity of nomenclature, the propriety of such consulta- tion would be evident enough; but there appears little occa- sion to consult continental works when the matter before us is simply a question, whether the species of British plants are correctly distinguished and described in the works of British Botanists. Here the appeal must be to nature's own works in the form of living plants or dried specimens. Accordingly, I do not go out of my way to ascertain whether the views of this or that continental botanist may chance to correspond more closely with those set forth in the British Flora, or with those which appear in the Manual of British Botany. My object here is simply to put on record certain facts observed in the plants of Britain, which,more or less 64 CHARACTERS OF BRITISH PLANTS. disagree with the printed characters assigned to them in books, and particularly those facts which bear upon the distinctions of tħe more dubious species. If, in doing so, I am unavoidably led to express dissent from the views of species adopted in the Manual, I would still bear my feeble testimony to the care and accuracy with which the characters of species are usually given in that work. Possibly, indeed, the endeavour to make strong distinctions on paper has in some instances frustrated the ultimate object of such distinc- tions, by leading the author to describe only the more de- cided forms, and to neglect those intermediate links which another observer may regard as proofs of specific identity, where the author wishes to establish specific distinctness. Besides, it is far easier to create than to destroy a mere book species, however false in nature. A good observer may readily seize upon one or more differences between indivi- dual plants, may put these differences into the form of a specific character, and may give a new name to one or both of these paper species. The name will live in books, at least for his time, on account of the trouble of disproving the pretended species. A new species may be made out of a single specimen, and often has been thus made. To disprovea false species, is a more tedious process. It may be neces- ` sary to seek and examine many intermediate forms, to study the plant at different stages of growth, to see it under dif- ferent circumstances of soil or situation, to raise it afresh from seeds, &c. &c. And if done, all this cannot be told briefly like a specific character. Fumaria officinalis (Linn.) and F. capreolata (Linn.)—In both these species, as likewise in F. micrantha (Lag.), the stem is either erect or spreading, or climbing by its cirrhose petioles. In both, also, the sepals vary in size; in F. capreolata, ranging from one-third to two-thirds the length of the corolla; in F. officinalis, from one-fourth to one-half. My most puzzling English specimen can be referred to F. officinalis only dubiously, on account of the absence of grown fruit. It has bracts equalling or exceeding the pedicels, and sepals CHARACTERS OF BRITISH PLANTS. 65 about two-thirds the length of the corolla, but so narrow as to look almost like the bracts. The figure of F. Gasparinii (Bab.) in the Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 1, page 36, (which represents a Sicilian specimen) might pass for a figure ofthis English specimen, which was found by the towing path of the Thames near Hampton Court. After plucking a branch from the solitary plant found there, I left the rest for seed ; but it was unfortunately destroyed a few days after by the grazing of some animal. Different as these two species are in their extreme states, intermediate forms exist which can scarce be referred to either with any certainty ; and if F. media (DC.) be taken as a name for those intermediate forms, it becomes difficult to distinguish this last from the other two species. Barbarea precoz (Br.)—In my own specimens, as also in the figure of English Botany, the terminal lobe of the lower leaves is much broader than the rest. It would hence ap- pear that there is an inconstancy or inaccuracy in the charac- ter of * lower leaves lyrate: upper pair of lobes as broad as the roundish subcordate terminal lobe." (Manual, 20.) Viola lactea (Sm.) and V. flavicornis (Sm.)— These are as- suredly undistinguishable as species, so gradually do they pass into each other. Both are collected in the same localities, as Yarmouth Denes and Bottisham Fen. To V. flavicornis I refer my Peebles specimen received from Mr. Maughan, who is the authority for 7. lactea in that locality, as mentioned in the Flora Scotica. It should be observed, however, that the name of V. flavicornis is applied differently by English bota- nists. Mr. Babington cites this species of Smith under his variety “ pusilla,” which he describes with “ leaves roundish- cordate rather acute" (Manual, page 34. Smith's own words in the English Flora say, *heart-shaped obtuse ;" and the specimens in his herbarium correspond with the description of the plant in English Flora. The figures in English Botany represent only a common dwarf state of V. canina, and these have probably misled Mr. Babington. Three prineipal forms may be recognized among British spe- 66 CHARACTERS OF BRITISH PLANTS, cimens, namely ; 1. V. canina, with cordate leaves—2. F. flavicornis, with cordate-ovate leaves—3. V. lactea, with ovate-lanceolate leaves. The two latter are usually very small in a wild state, but they expand much under cultiva- tion and approach nearer to the first. Even in a wild state, the three forms are closely connected by transition links which forbid specific distinction. Polygala vulgaris (Linn.) and P. calcarea (Schultz.) —The latter is contrasted against the former by three characters ; namely, “lower leaves larger"—* wings of the calyx not mucronate"——- lateral nerves distinct from the central nerve at the apex.” In my Kentish specimens of P. calcarea, col- lected by the late Mr. W. Christy, the intermediate leaves are larger than those above and below them; and the same character occurs in some specimens of P. vulgaris. In those specimens of P. calcarea the wings are sometimes mucronate. In both species the lateral nerves remain distinct or anasto- mose variously at their extremities. "The apex of the central nerve is distinct in both alleged species. Where is the specific character to distinguish them ? Is the Kentish plant truly the same as the continental P. calcarea ? Cerastium atrovirens (Bab.) and C. pedunculatum (Bab.)— It is curious that the second of these alleged species should be passed unnoticed, even as a variety, in the Manual. I think it fair to point out the omission, as an implied admis- sion that at least one newly made species in this genus has been founded on insufficient characters. Mr. Borrer's remark probably points out the true place of C. atrovirens, which 1 take to be nearly synonymous with C. tetrandrum of most English botanists; but embracing also some specimens which would be referred to C. semidecandrum by myself and others. I know this to be the case, because Mr. Babington kindly looked over the specimens bearing these two latter names in my own herbarium, and pointed out some (under each name) which would belong to his C. atrovirens. We are told that C. semidecandrum may be distinguished by its half- membranous bracts. I doubt the validity of this character, ` CHARACTERS OF BRITISH PLANTS. 67 as an invariable distinction, because I find plants growing intermixed, and otherwise closely alike, though some have herbaceous bracts, while others have them half-membranous. Moreover, in other species of this genus the proportion of membrane in the bracts and sepals is very variable. Exclud- ing C. pedunculatum, the Manual has four species where the British Flora has two only; namely, C. semidecandrum and C. tetrandrum. I must confess a decided preference for the views of the British Flora here, though without feeling quite satisfied that even these two are permanently distinct in nature. At the same time, it is not without some hesitation that I thus venture to oppose the opinion of a superior bota- nist who has closely studied the species of this difficult genus, Cerastium alpinum (Linn.) and C. latifolium (Linn.) In his Catalogue of Pyrenean Plants, Mr. Bentham reduced the C. latifolium of English authors to a variety of C. alpinum, under the name of *piloso-pubescens." The same view is repeated in the Phytologist (page 497) by Mr. Edmonston, a young Shetland botanist, who finds a plant in the Shetland Isles which he supposes to be the true C. latifolium of Linneeus, and distinct from the Highland plant so named in the British Flora. These opinions are adopted in the Manual. ] am sorry here again to find myself in opposition to the acute author of the latter work. Of three specimens in the Linnean herbarium, labelled C. latifolium in the handwriting of Linneus, two appear to my eyes undoubtedly the same as the plants of Ben Lawers and other Highland mountains. In the Phytologist (Part 2, page 586 and Part 3, page 717): my reasons for rejecting the views of Mr. Edmonston are given more fully ; but I may here add a cau- tion, that the characters assigned by myself to the seeds will require verification ; a suspicion having arisen that the names. of the two species had been accidentally transferred on the packets of seeds. If this error occurred, the character of rough (almost muricate) seeds will helong to C. alpinum, not to C. latifolium. 68 CHARACTERS OF BRITISH PLANTS. ` Hypericum dubium (Leers) and H. maculatum (Crantz.) I cannot see the differences which are found by Mr. Babington between the plants of Arran (H. dubium) and those of other localities (H. maculatum). Most of my British specimens have characters intermediate between those given for the two alleged species. The sepals of other species of Hypericum vary much. I have repeatedly seen late flowers of H. per- foratum with broad and obtuse (sometimes almost foliaceous) sepals, though the persistent sepals of the earlier flowers were narrow and acute, as usual with that species. Lotus corniculatus (Linn.) and L. major (Scop).—1 cannot shew sufficient reasons for uniting these alleged species; but may state that one character used for distinction is certainly fal- lacious; namely, that founded on the position of the beak of the pod, which is seid to spring from the *upper suture of the pod” in L. major, and from the “ middle of the end of the pod" in L. corniculatus. As a question of structural anatomy, I apprehend the beak to be a continuation of both sutures, though possibly connected more with the upper (stronger) suture. The apparent position is hardly more than a condi- tion of age; though if any difference can be found, it is in the pod of L. corniculatus that the beak is more completely a continuation of the upper suture. In the very young pod of this species, the beak is rather nearer the lower suture. After- wards it appears at “the middle of the end of the pod," between the two sutures. A sinus or contraction is then formed at the base of the beak, on the side towards the lower suture. This sinus increases with the growth of the pod, until the beak at length seems a direct continuation from the upper suture, more or less bent towards the lower suture. Lotus angustissimus (Linn.) and L. hispidus (Desf.) —Seeds of the former, sown in my garden, produced only the same form; while seeds of the latter produced both forms. The seeds were brought from the Azores ; but it is possible that some accidental intermixture occurred, as they were not col- lected with the intention of trying the experiment. By L. hispidus I understand the form with short pods; the refer- CHARACTERS OF BRITISH PLANTS. 69 ences in the British Flora having been misplaced by some error of the pen or press. I do not find the character of * rugose terete” pod more applicable to L. hispidus, than to L. angustissimus ; and the length of the pod is very variable when measured by that of the calyx. I wish some other botanist would raise our native species of Lotus from seeds. L. tenuis has thrice come up true from seed in my garden. Alchemilla conjuncta (Bab.)—I have not seen wild native specimens of this. For several years the garden plant has kept its peculiarities, both in stiff loam and light vegetable mould, in the open ground and confined in a pot. The seed- ling plants also come up like the parent. The late Mr. J. E. Bowman wrote me that the plant brought by himself from * Gatesgarth dale” was ii: On rocks. Jurajuba Bay, 1837. 5. ascent to the Pedra Bonita, Nov. 1836. c. on an exposed rock, n. 3, (3), n. 34 (1) and n. 10, (2). 17. Octoblepharum albidum, Hedw. St. Crypt. vol. 3, t. 6. On the stems of Palms, near Pernambuco, 1837. 5. on a decayed tree at the Ganea, 1836 (taller specimens), and Cor- covado, more dwarfish, z. 9, (3), n. 9, (1). : 18. Fissidens Hornschuchii, Montagne, in Annales, Sc. Nat. vol. 14, 2 Cent. No. 76. © F. serrulatus, Hornseh. in Flora Brasil. (Fl. Brasiliensis. Hornsch. MSS.!). Province of Goyaz. - 19. Dicranum parvulum, Hornsch. in Fl. Brasil. Weissia exigua, Schwaegr; Suppl. t. 179. BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 153 Dicranum debile, Wils. and Hook. Musci Americani. No. 51. On the face of a moist rock, Corcovado. 5, on dry bank, Tejuca. c, on clay bank. d, Parahybuna. Oct. 1840, n. 20, (1), n. 32, (1), n. 5, (2). Perhaps this moss may prove to be only a diminutive state of Dicranum densum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 140, and it has much in common with Weissia longirostris, Schwaegr. Suppl. 5/117. 20. Dicranum fleruosum, var. Hedw. Sp. M. t. 38. On rocks, Serra de Araripe. Nov. 1838. 21. D. longisetum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 139. Summit of Organ Mountains. 22. D. arctocarpum, Hornsch. in Fl. Bras.! On decayed trunks of trees, in a shady wood. Feb. 1837. "The seta of this moss is straight when moist, n. 19, (2). 23. D. concolor, Hornsch. in Fl. Bras.! (non Hooker, M. - Exot. t. 138). Corcovado, n. 30, (1). ! 24. D. filifolium, Hornsch. Fl. Bras. Corcovado, n. 30, (1). 25. D. penicillatum, Hornsch. Fl. Bras. ! On dry banks, Or- gan Mountains, n. 7, (2). Described from barren specimens in Flora Brasiliensis. Ours have perfect fructification, showing all the characters of Campylopus, Brid. 26. D. Guilleminianum, Montagne, Ann. Sc. Nat. vol. 14. 2 Cent. No. 91. On the face of a moist rock, Corcovado. Nearly allied to D. vaginatum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 141, n. 7, (1). 27. Holomitrium crispulum, Hornsch. Fl. Bras. Didymodon tortuosum, Hornsch. MSS.! D. longifolium, id. Woods, Organ Mountains. 4, Parahybuna, on stems of trees, Oct. 1840. c, on small trees, Jan. 1837, n. 17, 9 28. H. Olfersianum, Hornsch. in Fl Bras. Didymodon vaginatum, Hornsch. MSS.! - On the trunk of a tree, Praia Vermelha, n. 26, (1). 29. Trematodon longicollis, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 120. 154 BRAZILIAN MOSSES. Moist rocks, Corcovado, z. 4, (1). 30. Leptostomum ? pusillum, n. sp. Caule breviusculo, fo- liis imbricatis erectis ovato-lanceolatis acutis, nervo subcon- tinuo, capsula clavato-pyriformi nutante, operculo hemi- spheerico-apiculato brevi. Summit of the Organ Mountains. About one fourth of an inch high, and not unlike a small state of Bryum polymorphum, Br. and Sch., but the peristome wholly absent, and the inflorescence bisexual. In habit, this moss belongs to Bryum, but has also some resemblance to Mielichoferia. An annulus is present. 31. Bryum acuminatum? Bruch, and Sch. Bryol. Europ.—var. peristomio interno ciliis instructo. Summit of the Organ Mountains. 32. Brachymenium Hornschuchianum, Hornsch. in Fl. Bras. Organ Mountains, on the trunk of an old tree. March, 1837. b, at the summit of the mountains, n. 25, (2). 33. Rhizogonium eruginosum, nov. sp. Caulibus simplicibus fasciculatis compressiusculis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis nervo excurrente (perichetialibus ovatis acuminatis nervatis), capsula subcylindrica erecta, operculo capieaceg bata in- curviusculo. On the stem of a tree-fern, Organ Mountains, n. 3, (2). Stems half-an-inch high, or more, crowded, bearing the fructification at the base. Leaves of a light verdigris green; sub-erect, slightly denticulate at the apex, papillose, reticula- tion minutely granular. Perichztial leaves reddish, erect and appressed. Seta shorter than the stems. Capsules, when old, wide-mouthed. Operculum nearly as long. Calyptra dimi- diate. The specimens are not in a state to show the peristome, if there be any, in this moss. The foliage, as in Schistostega, is not easily wetted. 34, Bryum argenteum, Linn. Rio Comprido, n. 19, (1). 35. B. coronatum, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 71. Sae BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 155 36. B. cespiticium, Linn. var. lazum. Foliis dissitis patulis con- caviusculis. Moist rocks, Corcovado, n. 5, (1). Different from any British form of the species, but agree- ing with it in too many characters to warrant its sepa- ration. 36. b. B. capillare, var. cymbifolium. Foliis dissitis ovato- oblongis basi patulis superne erecto-incurvatis concavis, capsula obconica. Old walls, Arrayas, March, 1840. -It approaches to B. obconicum in the form of the capsule, which is of a deep red colour. Inflorescence dioicous. Pos- sibly a distinct species. 36. c. B. cespiticium, var. B. gracilescens, Bruch, and Sch. Bryol. fasc. 6-9, t. 35. Serra de Araripe. Oct. 1838. 37. B. erythrocarpum, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 70. Clay bank, Organ Mountains, n. 11, (2). 38. Peromnion radiculosum, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 250. Summit of the Organ Mountains, at the foot of an old tree. Very few specimens, z. 23, (2). 39. Bryum patens, nov. sp.? caule ramoso, ramis brevibus inferne subnudis, foliis in rosulam congestis patulis obo- vatis subplanis apiculatis (margine plano) superne serrulatis, siccitate erectis subcrispatis, nervo sub-excurrente, capsula elavato-obovata cernua, operculo conico mammillato. Rocks, Serra de Araripe. Oct. 1838. In most ofits characters very like B. roseum, but much smaller; capsules narrower, tapering into the seta, horizontal not pendulous, and the seta always solitary. 40. Mnium Auberti, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 80. Corcovado, n. 17, (1). 41. M. Beyrichianum, Hornsch. in Fl. Brasil. ; Summit of Organ Mountains. 492. M. rostratum, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 79. Organ Mountains, n. 5, (3). 43. Funaria hygrometrica, Dill, n. 6, (1). ms 44. Bartramia uncinata, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 57. .. Moist rocks, Corcovado, "dA ee 156 BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 45. B. rufiflora, Hornsch. in Fl. Bras. Organ Mountains. 46. B. filiformis, Hornsch. in Fl. Bras. Morro Velho. Moist banks. Oct. 1840. 47. Calymperes Palisoti. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 98. Pernambuco, June, 1838. 48. See No. 45. Mission of Duro, on trees. Oct. 1839. 49. Syrrophodon Gaudichaudii, Montagne! Annal. Sc. Nat. N. S. v. 2. p. 376. t. 16. f. 3. Organ Mountains, on the stump of an old tree, April, 1837. n. 27. (2.) 50. S. prolifer. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 180. Hornsch. Fl. Bras. Serra de Natividade. Dec. 1839. 51. Macromitrium nitidum. nov. sp.? Caule repente fasci- culatim ramoso, ramis brevibus erectis subsimplicibus, foliis patenti-incurvis lanceolato-subulatis integerrimis nervo continuo siccitate erectis crispatis, capsula ovata ore coarc- tato-plicato, calyptra levi. M. microstomum ? Hornsch. in Fl. Bras. non Orthotrichum microstomum. Hook. et Grey. in Brewst. Journ. vol. 1. p. 114. pl. 4. On trees. Serra de Jaquari. Sept. 1840. Very nearly allied to Orthotrichum microstomum, Hook. et Grev. but that is a very robust species, with firmer papillose leaves, not glossy, and not incurved above. In our moss the leaves are yellowish, green and glossy, peristome with sixteen yellowish erect teeth, operculum half as long as the capsule, sporules large, olive brown. 52. The same. Morro Velho. Oct. 1840. 53. The same. On branches of Vellozia candida. Summit of the Pedra Bonita, Tejuca. Nov. 1836, n. 35, (1). 53. b. var.? foliis siccitate spiraliter seriatis et incurvis. Organ Mountains. 54. M. Didymodon. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 190. Organ Mountains, on a large tree. March 1837, n 24, (2). 55. M. Richardi ? Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 173. Stem of a tree, Corcovado. July, 1837, n. 8, (3). BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 157 56. M. urceolato affine. (Conf. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 189). Morro Velho. Oct. 1840, (barren specimens). Repens, ramis elongatis parce ramulosis, foliis patenti-in- curvis lanceolatis acutis (supremis apice attenuatis) serrulatis. 57. M. filiforme. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 171. On a dry rock. Corcovado. 5. from the stem of a tree, n. 21, (1). 58. M. apiculatum. Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 45. Organ Mountains, on trees. Feb. 1837, n. 16, (2). 59. var.? (barren specimens). Woods, Minas Geraes. 60. M. Swainsoni. Musc. Exot. t. 127. Stems of trees. Arrayas. Province of Goyaz. March, 1840. 61. The same. Mission of Duro. Oct. 1839. 62. The same. 63. Sclotheimia trichomitria. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 169. Province of Rio. 64. S. nitida, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 167. Serra de Jaquari. Sept. 1840. 65. The same. Wood near Arrial das Merces, on trees, Oct. 1840. 66. S. squarrosa ? Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 56. —— d Stem of a tree, Morro Velho. Sept. 1840. 66. b. variety of S. nitida? See No. 64. Morro Velho. Oct. 1840. 66. c. S. squarrosa ?—On trees, Parahybuna. Oct. 1840. 67. The same ?—On a tree near Pajol. 68. S. rugifolia, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 128. Serra de Araripe, on trees. Feb. 1839. 68. b. The same. At the root of an old tree, Praia Vermelha, n. 25, (1). 69. S. Jamesoni, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 202, a. Face of a rock, Corcovado, n. 24, (1). 70. S. cirrhosa, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 201, «. Hedw. Hie M. ; t. 5, n. 31, (1). 71. S. fectin. nov. Sp. ; caule repente, ramis fastigato-mm-. losis erectis, foliis confertis erectiusculis lanceolatis acutis < Subintegris carinatis siccitate appressis et subtortilibus - (nervo subcontinuo), perichetialibus longioribus rugosis. 158 BRAZILIAN MOSSES. nervo excurrente, capsula immersa subsessili, operculo co- nico-acuminato, calyptra mitriformi basi quadrifida apice scabra. Organ Mountains. On the trunk of a tree. 5. Arrial das Merces. One inch and more in height, leaves subserrulate, reddish-brown, reticulation dotted ; outer peristome reddish, inner of the same colour, composed of thirty-two filiform processes. 72. Fabronia polycarpa, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 3. On the stem of a large palm-tree, near Pernambuco, 1837. 72. b. The same. Near Bahia. Sept. 1837. c. Corcovado, n. 10, (3), 6, (3), and 23, (1). 73. Pterogonium urceolatum ? Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 110. Far. foliis magis lanceolatis, secundis. Woods of Minas Geraes. Specimens scanty and imperfect. 74. Antitrichia Brasiliensis ? Hornsch. in Fl. Brasil. On a tree. Mission of Duro, Oct. 1839. Specimens few and imperfect. This moss very much resembles Neckera acuminata, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 151. 75. Grimmia julacea, Hornsch. in Fl. Brasil. t. 1, f. 1. Woods of Minas Geraes, 1841. This moss is cladocarpous, not acrocarpous, (vide Bruch, et Schimper, Bryol. Europ.) and is altogether unlike Grimmia in habit; it belongs to the Bridelian genus Cryphea, except that the inner peristome is wanting. 75. b. The same. Organ Mountains. c. Morro Velho. Oct. 1840. d. Minas Geraes, near Formoso. 76. Neckera virens, nov. sp. Caule subpinnato complanato, ramis brevibus, foliis laxiusculis lateralibus patentibus reli- quis erectiusculis ovatis acuminatis concavis integerrimis subenerviis siccitate appressis, seta brevi, capsula elliptico- oblonga erecta, operculo conico acuminato. On a rock near a waterfall, Organ Mountains, n. 6, (2). Leaves deep green, with two short nerves at the base; reticulation small, the areole oblong. Seta 3-4 lines long. Perichzetial leaves convolute, erect, lanceolate. Outer peris- tome red, teeth converging lanceolate frequently bifid or per- BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 159 forated, erect when dry; cilia of the inner peristome half as long and deeply coloured. Operculum one-third the length of the capsule. Annulus none. Calyptra pale dimidiate. Sporules large. Differs from N. breviseta, Hook. et Wils. Journal of Bot. vol. 4, t. 24, A, in its compressed foliage. Leaves not reflexed in the margin. The short capsule also distinguishes this Moss from all the allied species. 77. Neckera julacea. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 245. N. longiseta, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 4. On trees at the foot of the Serra de Santa Brida, Province of Goyaz. Feb. 1840. 77.b. The same. Mission of Duro. Oct. 1839. 78. Daltonia splachnoides. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 295, var. major. Serra de Piedade. With the peristome of Hookeria, this Moss has a very peculiar calyptra, which, in connexion with the habit, may perhaps serve to keep it distinct from that genus. 79. Lepidopilum subenerve. Hornsch. Fl. Bras. | Neckera scabriseta. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 82. Stem of a large tree. San Castano. Oct. 1840. 80. id.? var. minor, foliis acutis. Near Formoso. Oct. 1840. 81. Hookeria albicans, (Leskea albicans) Hedw. Sp. M. t. 54. On trees, near Formoso, Minas Geraes. Oct. 1840. 81. b. H. repens. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 274, a. With the last. 82. H. Merkel. Hornsch. in Fl. Bras. t. 3, f. 2. On a stone. Corcovado, n. 12, (1). “ Seta scabriuscula,” so described in the work cited ; but this character is quite variable, as appears by an original spe- Cimen in which the seta is almost smooth. 83. id.? var, calyptra pallida, On decayed wood, Arrial das Merces. Oct. 1840. 83. b. Same as No, 84. Calyptra rufo-fusca. Mixed with the last. : la 84. Hookeria Merkelii ? var. seta levi. Hi On a moist bank, near the City of Rio Janeiro, n. 1, (1). 85. H. Merkelii (forma normalis ?) seta scabra. 160 BRAZILIAN MOSSES. Moist rocks by the side of a small waterfall, Serra de Araripe. Sept. 1838. 85. b. id. Serra de Araripe. H. scabriseta, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 52, has the seta decidedly hispid, and may be truly distinct from H. Merkelit; but it is doubtful whether the latter moss, and H. micro- carpa, of Fl. Bras. are really different from H. depressa. 86. H. Langsdorffü. Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 121. Organ Mountains. 87. H. marginata, nov. sp. Caule fastigiatim ramoso, ramis brevibus subcompressis, foliis laxiusculis subpatentibus (siccitate erectis vix crispatis) ovatis vel ovato-oblongis acuminatis concavis marginatis integerrimis pellucidis te- nuissime binervibus, nervis supra medium desinentibus, capsula ovata cernua, operculo rostrato, calyptra carnosa pallida levi. Except in the distinctly margined leaves, this moss bears a strong resemblance to H. Olfersianum, Fl. Bras, t. 3, f. 4. 88. H. incurva. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 275, b. On a moist bank. Corcovado, n. 13, (1). 88. b. id. On decayed wood, Pajol, Minas Geraes. Oct. 1840. c. id. Formoso, Minas Geraes. Oct. 1840. d. id. Organ. Mountains. e. Province of Rio. 89. H. pilifera, nov. sp. Caule vage ramoso, vix pinnato, ramis elongatis compressis, folis ovato-oblongis longe ac repente acuminatis (fere piliferis) superne serrulatis bi- nervibus pallidis flaccidis, capsula subovata cernua, calyp- tra levi. H. pilifera. MSS. in Gardner Herb. Fl. Bras. Musci. On the face of a moist rock, Organ Mounteins. March 1837. m. 15, (2). Stems two inches long, with slender branches. Leaves very pale, almost colourless, erect and nearly appressed when dry, with long narrow flexuose serrulate points, the reticu- lation minute. Calyptra pale brown. 90. Hypnum /aricinum. Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 35 (Hypoptery- gium, Bridg. Bryol. Un.) BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 161 On a rock, in damp shady woods, Organ Mountaius. April, 1837, n. 13, (2). 90. b. id. Serra de Piedade, Aug. 1840. 91. Hypnum tomentosum. Hedw. St. Crypt. Vol. 4, t. 19. (Racopilum, Sw. Brid.) Jurajuba Bay, opposite Rio Janeiro, 1837. On rocks. b. id., Rio Comprido. c. at the root of an old tree, Rio Comprido. d. on decayed wood, near Arrayas, Province of Goyaz. April, 1840, ». 1, (3), 14, (1), and 22, (1). 92. Helicodontium fenuirostre. Schwaegr. Suppl. t, 293. Laranjeiras, and 4. Organ Mountains, on rocks, n. 16, (1). 93. Neckera longirostris. Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 1. Organ Mountains, This properly belongs to Leskea. 93. b. id. on stones in streams, Organ Mountains. 94. Hypnum erassivsculum. Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 91. 95. Leskea cylindrica ? Fl. Bras. -Arrial das Merces. A few specimens only, mixed with other mosses. Perhaps only a variety of the last. 96. Leskea cavifolia, nov. sp. Caule ascendente parce ramoso, foliis confertis patentibus subseeundis (sursum spectanti- bus) siccitate appressis late ovatis acutis enerviis margine reflexo, capsula subovata erecta, operculo longirostro, Jurajuba Bay, opposite Rio, on a rock, 1837. Stems less than half an inch long, seta 3 lines long, ca- lyptra dimidiae. A smaller moss than No. 94, with broader leaves, which have the reticulation distinctly dotted. Peri- cheetial leaves ovate lanceolate. 97. Hypnum Lovense var.? (See No. 102). On a decayed tree. March, 1837, n. 21, (2). 98. (See No. 102). Organ Mountains, on old trees, n. 9, (2). 99. (See No. 102). Arrial das Merces. October, 1840. 6. Formoso. Minas Geraes. ud ; These may all be small states of Hypnum Lo«ense, Hook. The inner peristome is frequently destitute of cilja, but in. other respects they are too much like No. 102, &c. to be * ted as species, : . VOL. nir, xd N 162 BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 100. H. Lozense var. more like No, 102, ». 20, (2). 101. Leskea ambigua ? Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 198. Organ Mountains. Perhaps only a state of No. 91. Sparingly intermixed with other mosses. 102. Hypnum Zozense, Hooker in Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 259, b. Organ Mountains, on a stone in a river, n. 4, (2). The original specimen of Hypnum Loxense being mislaid, we are unable to identify those now before us with positive certainty. 102. b. Hypnum Z/hophilum ? Hornsch. Fl. Bras. Intermixed with the last, from which it differs in the spreading leaves, not exactly like an original specimen, which has blunter and somewhat flaccid leaves. 103. H. Lowense, var. Moist shady rocks, Arrayas, Prov. Goyaz. April, 1840. 104. H. Lowense, Corcovado, n. 28, (1). 104. b. (See No. 102 b.) On a moist rock, near a waterfall, Organ Mountains, ». 29. (2). 105. Probably a variety of the next. (Compare H. splendi- dulum, Hornsch. Fl. Bras.) 106. Hypnum subsimplex. Hedw. Sp. M. t. 69. H. tenerum. Wils. and Hook. Musci Americani. No. 108. Arrial das Merces, on decayed wood. Oct. 1840. 106. à. id. Province of Rio. c. var. major. Moist rocks, Serra de Araripe. Sept. 1838. 107. Scarcely different from No. 105. Leaves inclining to faleato-secund. On a decayed tree, Organ Mountains. March, 1837, n. 22, (2). 108. More like Hypnum subsimplez in its usual state, than the last. Leaves longer, and less secund. On decayed wood, Formoso, Oct. 1840. 109. Hypnum vesiculare, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 119. Laranjeiras, on a stone in the rivulet, n. 15, (1). 110. Id. var. Arrayas, moist banks. May, 1840. 111. H. cyparissoides? Hornsch.in Fl. Bras. On a stone, Corcovado, n. 10, (.). 112. H. leptocheton ? Schwager. Suppl. Vol. 1, Part 2, p. 296. BRAZILIAN: MOSSES. 163 On a large decayed tree, in the deep forest, Organ Moun- tains, Feb. 1837, n. 187 (2). 113. Id. Province of Rio. 114. (See No. 118). 115. H. elegantulum, var. ? Hook. On a dry bank, Corcovado, z. 11, (1). Very much like a specimen from Hornschuch named Leskea elegans, and perhaps not different from H. ozypoma, FI. Bras. It differs, however, from the figure and description of that moss in Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 259, a, in having the leaves not truly nerveless ; capsule pendulous, deep chestnut brown ; outer teeth of the peristome very long and incurved when dry. It would also seem that the operculum and calyptra are unconformable, but the examples are not sufficient to decide, 116. H. elegantulum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t.84) Flora Brasil.! On a dead tree, Organ Mountains. June, 1837. n. 4, (3). 117. Id. var. foliis longioribus ; Formoso, Minas Geraes. Oct. 1840. zr 118. H. Langsdorffii, Hook., caule repente, surculis pte culis arcuatis pinnatim ramosis, ramis compressiusculis, foliis caulinis patulis cordato-acuminatis rameis erecto-pa- tentibus subdistichis ovato-lanceolatis serrulatis subenerviis, seta levi, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico-acuminato. H. acrorhizon? Hornsch. in Fl. Bras. The corrected specific character here given has been drawn Up from Langsdorff’s original specimens, communicated by Swainson, which agree with these of Mr. Gardner, except that the leaves are rather more patent. The moss is closely allied to H. elegantulum, and differs chiefly in its smaller Size, and the narrower less patent leaves, which are paler, With larger areole, and the surculi are frequently rooted at the extremity and subbipinnate. The operculum is Scarcely more than half the length of the capsule. The error in former descriptions has arisen from having ingdrertantiy confounded with this moss a specimen of H. Richardi. n. 28, (2). ; Panar Rd OPES ; OON ON 164 BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 119. Probably a variety of the last, but pem e also to No. 120. Near Piranga, on trees. 119. b. H. Ochron? Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 235, a. Intermixed with the last. Much resembling H. mollus- cum, but with shorter almost pendulous capsules. 120. H. Andicola ? Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 83, var. foliis con- fertis ovato-acuminatis concavis siccitate substriatis, pi sula horizontali, operculo conico acuminato. This moss differs from No. 118, to which it is nearly allied, in its broader acuminate leaves, which are not at all dis- tichous : they are rather more patent than in original speci- mens of H. Andicola. In the latter we find the capsule not truly erect, and shorter than represented in. Musci Exotici. The affinity between this and H. Langsdorffii, and H. elegantulum, is so close as to render it somewhat doubtful whether they are not all forms of one species. 121. H. subflavum, nov. sp. Repens, parce et vage ramosum, ramis simplicibus, foliis patentibus sursum spectantibus confertis ovatis acuminatis concavis integerrimis seminer- viis apice recurvis margine subreflexo, capsula ovata hori- zontali, operculo conico brevirostro. On the trunk of a dead tree, Serra de Araripe. Not unlike the figure of Leskea longirostris! Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 290, a. except as to the capsule. Leaves shining; yellowish. 122. Id. On rocks and trees in a ravine, near Oeiras. May; 1839. 123. Hypnum sazatile, nov. sp. Repens, vage ramosum, ramis complanatis subsimplicibus, foliis subdistichis ova- tis acuminatis concaviusculis integerrimis seminervibus, capsula ovato-oblonga horizontali, operculo conico-acumi- nato. On stones in woods, Natividade. January, 1840. Very like H. Auberti, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 88, but differing in its nerved, slightly concave (not cymbiform) leaves, and in the form of the capsule. Inner peristome with solitary cilia. Operculum more than half the length of the capsule, BRAZILIAN MOSSES. 165 which is in some cases contracted below the mouth. Our moss lso differs from a specimen, named by Hornschuch H. auronitens, from the Amazon river (which we suppose to be H. Auberti of Fl. Bras.) in the shape of the leaves, and in the presence of the nerve. It is closely allied to H. Tavoy- ense, Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 24, f. 1; but has the leaves more truly ovate and appressed, with smaller reticulations, and a more elongated capsule. 124. H. Megapolitanum ? Weber and Mohr. Organ Mountains. A smaller moss than H. Sellowii, Flora, Bras. with narrower distant leaves, which when dry are more contracted, but not differing in any tangible characters. 124. b. id. Near Formoso, Oct. 1840. 125. Pilotrichum remotifolium ? Fl. Brazil. Organ Moun- tains.—A barren specimen, found intermixed with another moss, Perhaps a distinct species, with cordate acute leaves, not recurved, but suberect. It is also allied to Pilotrichum recurvifolium, Fl. Bras. (which appears to be identical with Hypnum patens, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 56) but ours has the sides of the leaves reflexed when dry. 125. b. Hypnum tamariscinum, Hedw. Sp. M. t. 67. Organ Mountains. 126. H. spiniforme. Hedw. Stirp. Crypt. Vol. 3, t. 25. Trunks of trees, Corcovado, z. 8, (1). HePaT1CAE. 127. Monoclea orale: Hook. Bot. Miscel. vol. 1, p. 117; $: 27. ; Organ Mountains, on stems of small trees. Beautiful spe- cimens, n. 33, (2). Frond not pinnatifid, but very much crisped in the mar- gin, so that the folds overlay each other. The spherical bodies attached to the midrib (fig. 2), contain the anthers, and are ultimately torn open at the apex. 128. Anthoceros punctatus, var. major. ine: Bot. te 1538. Dill. Muse. 476, t. 68, f. 2). uid. T Organ Mountains, n. 41, (1). 129. Riccia fluitans, Linn. Eng. Bot. t. 251. 166 BRAZILIAN MOSSES. Stagnant pool, near Rio. July, 1837, n. 11, (3). 130. Riccia paradoxa, nov. sp. Fronde oblonga (subinde ob- longo-obovata) flaccida subsimplici subplana glauca inferne atropurpurea margine subundulata, capsula nunc in fronde omnino immersa, nunc in pagina superiore frondis extante et squamis involucralibus 2-3 rotundatis dentatis membra- naceis cireumvolutis obtecta, sporulis majusculis muricatis. Moist shady bank, near Oeiras. Very few specimens were gathered of this highly curious plant. Fronds scarcely more than one fourth of an inch in length, the margin crenulate and wavy, much inflexed when dry, tex- ture very thin, the epidermis composed of large cellules with indistinct pores, nerve thick and broad, covered beneath with numerous tough whitish radicles, accompanied by a few ovate acuminate scales. In the structure of the external fructifica- tion there is a manifest approach to Spherocarpus, from which it differs in the ovate form of the involucrum, which is com- posed of at least two separate portions folded together. Ca- lyptra roundish-obovate. Sporules about 100 in each capsule, reddish-brown, somewhat angular and distinctly muricate. The immersed capsules are precisely conformable to the generic character. 131. Marchantia anapodophylla, Richard (fide Taylor). Morro Velho. The specimens do not show any calyx, d on that account rather belong to Fegatella. 132. Plagiochila Migueliana ? Lind. 133. Plagiochila distinctifolia, Lind. (fide Taylor). Trees, Minas. Oct. 1840. 134. Noteroclada confluens, Tayl. MSS. On a moist bank, Organ Mountains. Similar to Jungerm. hyalina, but larger, n. 32, (2). 135. Jungermannia serrulata, Hooker, Musc. Exot. 1.88, n. 42, (1). 136. J. connata, Swartz, n. 43, (1). 137. J. diffusa, Sw. (Frullania dichotonia; Raddi). Arrial das Merces. Oct. 1840. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF AUCHER-ELOY. 167 138. Frullania Brasiliensis, Raddi. Arrial das Merces. With the last. 139. Jungermannia Eckloni, Sprengel. (J. infundibulata, ` Hook. and Wils. MSS.) Serra de Piedade. 140. J. furcata, Linn. Organ Mountains, n. 34, (1). LICHENES. 141. Cladonia perfilata, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 192, n. 40 (1). 142. Variety of the last. Organ Mountains, n. 42, (2). 143. Cenomyce rangiferina. Ach. Synopsis p. 277, n 38, (1). . 144. Ramalina linearis, Ach. l. c. p. 294, n. 39, (1). 145. Usnea florida. Ach. l.c. p. 304. Organ Mountains, n. 40, (2). 146. Collema bullatum, Ach. l. c. p. 325. Organ Mountains, n. 39, (2). 147. Sticta macrophylla, Hook. Bot. Misc. t. 13, n. 35, (2). 5. 148. Sticta damecornis, Ach. l. c. p. 231, n. 35, (2). a. 149. S. aurata Ach. l. c. p. 231. 150. Parmelia perforata. Ach. l. c. p. 198. Notice of the Life and Labours of AvcugR-Erov ; (trans- lated from the preface to the “ Relations de Voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838, par AUCHER-ELOY, revues ef an- nolées par M. Le Comre JAuBERT,”) Paris, 1843. “ We cannot but think that all the friends of Natural Science will feel pleasure in becoming acquainted with the Career of one of the most daring investigators whom that Science has ever inspired, and will be glad to know what remains of his writings. Botanists, above all, should be indebted to us; foritis among them that the kind of bro- therhood eminently prevails which has been observed among persons who follow the same kind of pursuit. Such indi- viduals compose a society among themselves, which has its Own existence, its peculiar language and its rallying-signs ; and While consolidated in their efforts to promote the common v 168 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH re object, they take a pious pleasure in bringing to light the labours and the services of their forerunners. Nor will men of the world refuse to sympathize with the intrepid being, who, aiming at a laudable object, and pursuing it in the midst of extraordinary difficulties and perils, passes through adventures of a most singular description, and finally, in a strange land, falls the victim of his energy. * Peter Martin Remi Aucher, the son of a wine- merchant, was born at Blois, on the 2nd Oct., 1793. He received his admirable classical education at the college of that city, but the slenderness of his patrimony obliging him to choose a profession, he studied pharmacy, first at Orleans, and then. at Paris, to which latter place he went in 1812. Botany that indispensable accessory to the line of life which he had selected, possessed particular charms for our young student, and he eagerly followed it under the auspices of those great masters, Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu and Desfontaines, and their kind and admirable lessons produced the impression on his mind which was generally felt by all those who were so fortunate as to learn under them. In 1813, while attached to the service of the army hos- pitals in Spain, he contrived to make a collection of the plants which grow in that country and the south of France. The Peace of 1814 sent him back to Blois ; but, shortly after, the revolution of the Hundred Days summoned him to join the Army of the North, and he brought home a good many — plants after that brief and fatal campaign. Once the passion for Natural History takes possession of a man's mind, every thing seems to minister to it; food and the most adverse circumstances are incapable of annihilating it; and that a spring of alternate enjoyment or consolation is found in its indulgence. 3 On his return a second time to his native place, Aucher re- sumed his studies with diligence, andin 1817, having married | a young lady, named Eloy, belonging, like himself, to a highly respectable family in the middle ranks, he from that time, according to the custom of that province, added her name. | OF AUCHER-ELOY. 169 to his own. Shortly afterwards, he opened a bookseller's shop, and in 1820 added a printing establishment to it. In 1826, he became possessed of another printing office in Paris, while still retaining that at Blois. At this period of life, he not only pursued the regular business of this profes- sion, in which he excelled, but like many other printers who have themselves cultivated literature, he published various works on his own account. Among the more beautifully executed books which have issued from his press, may be mentioned “ The Luciad," translated by himself from the Greek, and an edition of “ Daphnis and Chloe," in Greek and French, translated by Amyot. He was the author of an historical description of those countries which form the department of Loire et Cher, Which heads the annual account of this department for 1825, and- of “Entomology, in Fifteen Lessons." He also pub- lished a prospectus and specimen sheet of a Polyglott Bible, but was obliged to relinquish it, for want of sufficient en- Couragement; and lastly he began to prepare a large book upon Insects, entitled * The Reaumur of Youth," which re- mained in manuscript and incomplete. Among, however, all these varied labours, Botany con- tinued to be his favourite study, and he diligently explored the department of the Loire et Cher, with a view to publish its Flora, à more pleasing task than tbat to which future events compelled him to addict himself. At this period, he became intimately acquainted with M. Naudin, a Justice of the Peace, now Councillor of the Prefecture and an ardent admirer of Natural History, also with a most respectable ecclesiastic, M. Lefrou, Rector of Cour-Cheverni, himself an excellent Botanist, whose just praise may be seen in M. Boreau's Introduction to the Flora of Central France.* From 1826, Aucher-Eloy fixed his residence in Paris, and continually endeavoured to extend his business, but his enterprizes did not meet with the desired success, and one of the frequent and trying crises in the book-trade, coming 1n * In 2 vols. 8vo. published at Paris by Roret, in 1840. VOL, III. 2 ow 170 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH May 1829, he found his affairs much involved, and was com- pelled to relinquish his shop. He turned his views towards a country, to which too many Frenchmen have been attracted by promises, never to be realized and by the example of a few solitary instances of good fortune, which has oftener been granted to intrigue than to real ability, I mean Russia; whither, accompanied by his wife and daughter, he went in the hope of joining a scientific expedition, projected for exploring the Caucasus; but the expedition was never sent. He then proposed to the Russian government to visit the interior of the country, with a view to making collections and gathering the materials for a Flora. The first reception promised well, but to his mor- tification, this scheme was also adjourned. Meanwhile, the Persian Prince Kosrew Mirza, Ambassador at Petersburg, had asked M. de Nesselrode to recommend to him some Frenchman, who should be competent to establish a printing office and academy, and the Minister had cast his eyes on Aucher-Eloy; who was once more disappointed, from the refusal of the Persian Prince, to give that guarantee, which he considered himself entitled to claim. The Academy of Sciences at Petersburg, which had learned to appreciate the subject of this little memoir, requested him to accompany the mission, which is sent every tenth year, to Pekin through Siberia and Mongolia; but here the jealousy of the Russian government, ever afraid of admitting fo- reigners into the secret of its relations with China, interfered to deprive him of a prospect, which he had ardently coveted realizing. Disappointment and sickness now brought Aucher-Eloy to the brink of the grave, his daughter too fell dangerously ill, and it was only the devoted attentions of his wife and the generosity of M. Cournand, a French gentleman, which saved this unfortunate family from destruction. On his recovery, Prince Waldbowsky appointed Aucher-Eloy his secretary, with a moderate salary, and treated him with much kindness. | OF AUCHER-ELOY. 171 Halil Pacha, the Turkish Ambassador at Petersburg, in one of those fits of an impotent frenzy for civilization which Sultan Mahmoud had brought into fashion in his country, induced Aucher-Eloy to accompany him to Constantinople, there to establish a Turko- French newspaper: he went in the train of Halil Pacha, botanizing on the road, whenever he could seize an opportunity. No connected account seems to have been made of this journey, respecting which we know no more than is afforded by some scattered remarks, in his catalogue of plants collected on the way, chiefly in those Russian provinces, which border on the Black Sea. Mme. Aucher-Eloy and his daughter, after some little time, joined him at Constantinople. As he drew near * those realms of the East, that land of the Sun,” celebrated in history and so brilliantly adorned by nature, Aucher-Eloy felt all the ardour with which that country must ever inspire the man of education; a wide field of discovery was opening before him and he trusted to gain himself a name. Here, as elsewhere, the fair promises of Halil Pacha disappointed the hopes of our naturalist, who, unable to employ himself usefully otherwise, determined on undertaking a series of journeys in Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Syria, and Persia, with a view to collecting specimens, both of Botany and Zoology. The connexion, which he still kept up with the savans in Europe, would enable him, he trusted, to dispose of his collections in their cabinets. Eight years did he pursue this noble plan and still longer would he have pursued it, but death, the result of fatigue, closed his career. No person could be better adapted by nature, to follow this trying mode of life ; a robust constitu- tion and great energy of character, imparting such power as made him feel competent to endure the vicissitudes to which the travelling naturalist, with slender pecuniary means, is ever exposed. We, ourselves, have travelled in the East, but it Was under the most favourable circumstances, and possessing every facility for pursuing our investigations, and while ex- Ploring the less distant provinces of Asia Minor, we did not o 2 172 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH escape some sufferings. But it was child's play, we must own, compared with the task which is imposed on the poor naturalist, who reduced to the slenderest pittance and com- pelled to economise on the last farthing, sees himself obliged to substitute his own almost superhuman efforts, for the means which he lacks. ** Wretched money !” thus sorrowfully cried Aucher-Eloy in one of his letters. What would he not have accomplished for science, if, from the commencement, he had received, I will not say the liberal encouragement which the British government bestows on those individuals whom she sends out to explore, but even the small assistance which the French budget too parsimoniously places at the disposal of our ministers. Still, it is but justice to admit, that, at this period, Aucher-Eloy was little known, and the distance which lay between him and the public offices in Paris, precluded all probability that his plan, not announced beforehand, could claim the attention of those in power. When once his earlier collections were received in France, the value of such a traveller began to be understood. M. Adolphe Brongniart had consented, in that spirit of liberal patronage which dis- tinguishes the professors of the Museum, to become the depositary of the greater part of his collections and always exerted himself to effect the sale of them. M. De Candolle, whose death is now mourned by all the scientific world, had been much struck with the number and interesting nature of those new species, with which Aucher-Eloy had enriched the truly classical Prodromus, and both these eminent per- sons, joining their efforts to those of M. Naudin, procured for him some assistance from the Museum and the Minister of Public Instruction. Part of the funds thus obtained reached the hands of our traveller, during the course of his last expedition, the remainder arrived too late. These unfavourable circumstances exhibit in the strongest light the merits of his enterprize, and the mind is filled with respect and astonishment when contemplating the immense extent of his collections, the excellent preservation of the different specimens which they contain and the order and OF AUCHER-ELOY. . 173 accuracy of the remarks that are appended ; all pointing out, not only an exact and conscientious collector, but an accom- plished Naturalist. "Though almost destitute of books and obliged to trust his own memory and judgment in the hurried determination of bis plants, most of his: new species have received the sanction of the first masters in Botanical Science. He had even entertained a plan for publishing a systematic Flora of the East, and no one could be better prepared than himself for the execution of this gigantic enterprize, but the work was necessarily postponed till the return to France should supply him with those indispensible means of information and objects of comparison which this country affords. His plants are dispersed in numerous herbaria, public and private, both in France and among foreigners. Some idea of the amount of his specimens may be derived from the following note, extracted from the account kept by M. Adolphe Brongniart, of those collections alone which have passed through his hands. The first envoi, comprizing the years between 1830 and 1836, has been distributed as follows: Hooker . . 2,600 sp. Shuttleworth . . 1,241 sp. Boissier . . . .9,247 ,, Moricand . . . . 1,080 ,, That 47 ov 1,826 , British Museum . 875 ,, Filing ; 4. 1491, Jubet . . . . 9005 The second, which we were enabled to examine in Con- stantinople, in the year 1839, when Mme. Aucher and her daughter were earnestly occupied in putting the whole in order, has since been thus divided : Species. Species. The Paris Museum, B. Delessert . . . 1,650 containing all the Maule 4 ; — IP93 Unique specimens. 1,800 Hooker . . . . + x dd M.Webb-. ; -; 1,699 Bossier . . - s. L4sI 174 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Species. Species. Thuret . . . .. . 1,964 British Museum... z- .:.,1,035 Fielding... . ..... 1,206 Jaubert . .. . . e OBR Shuttleworth . . . 1,186 Dunand de Galatin . 430 Moricand. ...—— 4 DM And a limited number yet remains for distribution, in the possession of M. Brongniart. In all cases, there are gene- rally several samples of each species, very rarely a single one. Still, however great may have been the eagerness of ama- teurs to possess themselves of Aucher-Eloy's collections, it is very certain they never would have brought him much money. A century of plants, even the rarest, commands but a small price, especially when offered for sale, because that portion of the publie which takes interest in such things, is limited and far from rich. Naturalists, who pursue this honourable branch of industry, can hardly look to obtain an adequate remuneration, except when, as in the society es- tablished at Esslingen, (the Unio Itineraria) their expenses are covered by subscriptions, paid in advance. And, even then, how poor is the encouragement! Unless Aucher-Eloy had been upheld by the most passionate devotion to Botany, he must quickly have renounced his pursuits. We may, however, be allowed to say that he was in error, when, during that brief season of temporary discouragement, to which even noble and undaunted spirits are occasionally subject, he apprehended that those individuals who might purchase his collections, at the rate of thirty francs the hundred, would consider that this paltry sum cleared them of all obligations towards the traveller. No; most assuredly; there is no Botanist who does not remember and honour the laborious Naturalist, who underwent such hardships to gather the plants, which he quietly examines in the retirement of his own cabinet; or who fails to accompany Aucher-Eloy, in mind, over those scorching plains, pestilential marshes, and inhospitable forest- clad mountains, where he culled the specimens which yield OF AUCHER-ELOY. 175 him such enjoyment. The annexed publication will acquaint our readers with many of the details of his painful pilgri- mage, and they will prize him the more. His memory as a botanist, celebrated by the great Genevese Professor,* has no ingratitude to fear, and numerous Naturalists, following the example of De Candolle, are continually publishing his dis- coveries, Almost sim ultaneously with ourselves, M. Boissier, of Geneva, in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, is claiming for Aucher-Eloy the estimation he deserves, and a work which we have now in course of publication, assisted by M. Spach, and entitled, Jllustrationes Plantarum Orientalium, contains the signal additions which he had made subsequently to the time of Rauwolf, Tournefort and Labillardiére. If these efforts obtain the public favour, it is to Aucher-Eloy that we gladly accord the honour, for we merely collect those materials for a Flora of the East, which his imagination first contemplated, and which we have scarcely courage to carry out. A Botanist of the first order would be required to ac- complish such an enterprize, and let this be who it will, Aucher-Eloy ought not to be forgotten among those who laid the foundations. All that climate, sickness, and the cruelty of men, in an uncivilized country, can inflict of misery, was tasted by Aucher-Eloy. The overpowering heats of the day and the customary chills of the mountain nights, want of shelter, torture of insects, scanty food and destitution of water, or only such water as was impregnated with brackish and saline matter, these trials he endured for eight long years! We may wonder that his constitution should have held out for that time, but his existence was painful enough and acute rheu- matic attacks were among the lightest of his ills. His sight á R In the sixth volume of De Candolle’s Prodromus, a genus of Compo- ae 1S named Auchera, with the following note, which is a patent of Scientific nobility. “ Genus dicatum clarissimo Aucher-Eloy, botanico nsi, hujus et plurimarum aliarum stirpium detectori, qui botanices causa jam a pluribus annis orientales plagas proprio marte et vite periculo Peragrat.”” | : 176 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH was nearly perished; in Ghilar he narrowly escaped death from the malignant fever which was ravaging the shores of the Caspian Sea, while in Persia the cholera brought him to such a state, that, neglected and alone, his moral strength alone sustained him and taught him to invent the means of unexpected restoration. At Muscat, he was seized with that formidable and peculiar fever, of which the first symptom is a faint of many hours, and from this terrible pass he extricated himself by the aid of quinine, an admirable discovery, invented bya Frenchman,* whose merits our government ought yet munificently to reward. But the severest trials which a traveller can endure, are those which proceed from the hand of man, and from the : almost total want of order in governments, and of probity among individuals. "There no efficacious aid can be obtained from the power which still lays claim to authority, and brute force carries the day, pillage is the business of whole nations; while cunning, falsehood, and the most disgraceful crimes pre- vail every where. On one occasion, while travelling by cara- van, it was necessary to have recourse to fire-arms, and Aucher Eloy being chosen general, his able management saved the lives of the party. At other times, when he had but four companions, he was exposed to all kinds of outrage and threats of assassination ; and more than once, his presence of mind alone extricated him from circumstances which appeared fraught with certain death. Our steam-boat tourists, who see no other cities but Smyrna and Constantinople, are apt to imagine that there is nothing now to fear from the religious prejudices of the East; but Aucher-Eloy shows us that these still exist in all their pristine virulence; and though, on certain occasions, that traveller's quality of a Frank earned for him some considera- tion, it much oftener exposed him to insult, and he was too ready to yield to his constitutional temerity, and to resent these affronts. The Persian character is the subject of his heaviest complaints. He depicts those people as the most * M. Pelletier. OF AUCHER-ELOY. 177 degenerate in the East; and assuredly their prying curiosity and insolence often cost him dear, while their cowardice proved no less injurious to his interests. For the honour of human nature, it must be stated that there were some compensations for these trials, and that Aucher-Eloy met, even among these men, with a few indi- viduals, as the Chief of Laristan and the Sheik of Bender- Abassy, who testified towards him a kindness for which he was deeply grateful. It is needless to say that he never lacked that protection and assistance which Europeans, when he happened to be near them, could bestow, and he received especial kindness from the diplomatic agents of France, and the representatives of Russia and England at the court of Teheran ; Count Simonitch, Sir John Mac Neill, and Colonel Shee, in particular, conferring on him all the services that might be expected from such enlightened individuals. The Christian missions scattered in the East, also proved a great resource ; and as was wont in the middle ages of Europe, con- vents, those asylums of literature and misfortune, protected our traveller from the barbarities of the Eastern populace, and exhibited the touching influence of religion in a way which shows how much it is the policy of commerce and of power to favour its diffusion. We shall now give a succinct analysis of six journies made by Aucher-Eloy, starting from Constantinople, that city, in the environs of which his family was settled, being his own rendezvous, and the central point to which he transmitted his collections. . In November, 1830, he set off for Egypt, furnished with ‘structions from the Academy of Science, at Petersburg. At Alexandria he was so fortunate as to make the highly desirable acquaintance of M. Gustave Coquebert de Mont- bret, a relation of M. Brongniart, whom a love for na- tural history had also attracted to the East. Together they proceeded to the ruins of Thebes and came back to Cairo; M, de Montbret returning to Europe by Italy, and Aucher-Eloy taking his way through Suez to Mount Sinai, and 178 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH thence to Jerusalem by Gaza, to Syria, Cyprus and Stancho, so that he did not reach Constantinople again till October, 1831. It was then in agitation to employ him on a mission to France, from the Porte, but this scheme was abandoned. In 1832, he visited Smyrna, and thence went to Rhodes and the adjoining coast of Asia-Minor. His own recital proceeds no farther than Aidin Guzel Hissar, so that it is presumed he went back from this town to Smyrna. In 1833, he received a visit from M. Coquebert de Mont- bret, and they settled for a time at Therapia, where M. and Mme. Aucher-Eloy opened a French school. It was about this period that the wife and daughter of our traveller con- ducted the education of the daughters of M. Vogoridi, after- wards called Prince of Samos. Accompanied by M. de Montbret, Aucher-Eloy investigated all the environs of Con- stantinople and Broussa, and especially Mount Olympus. In February, 1834, these friends started on a new expe- dition into Asia. Passing through Nicomedia, Angora, Ce- sarea, Adana, Antioch, and Aleppo, they reached Armenia by Aintab, Malatia, and the Upper Euphrates, and thence to Erzeroum. M. Charles Texier, well known by his noble archzeological labours in Asia Minor, met them at Trebisond, and though he had been acquainted with Aucher-Eloy at Constantinople, the previous year, he could scarcely recognise him, he was so wasted and his hair had become perfectly grey: M. Outrey, the French consul at Trebisond, supplied the tra- vellers with the means of returning to Constantinople, by the shores of the Black Sea. The first narration stops at Erzeroum ; we, however, are enabled to add some new details of this journey, and its entire accomplishment, gathered from papers communicated by the family of M. de Montbret, who re- turned to Europe by way of Semlin and Germany. Early in February, 1835, Aucher-Eloy set off alone, and went to Broussa, Koutaya, Konieh, the chain of the Taurus and Adana, to Aleppo. From this point he directed his course to Bagdad, and visited Kermanchah, Hamadan, and Ispahan. Then he made an excursion to Zerda-Kou, west OF AUCHER-ELOY. 179 of Ispahan ; and from this capital of Persia, he re-ascended towards Teheran, and by Sultanieh, proceeded to Tebriz, where his journal stops. Letters addressed to M. Naudin, inform us that Aucher-Eloy arrived at Trebisond, crippled by fever, and suffering under a severe ophthalmic attack, and that he took shipping from that place to Constantinople. Hardly had he recovered from his fatigue, when a new misfortune befell him, for, in March, 1836, the house which he inhabited at the Fanar, was consumed in one of those conflagrations so common in Constantinople, by which dis- aster he lost his library, a large quantity of Arabic and Persian manuscripts which he had contrived to get together, and his entire collection of insects, consisting of upwards of fifty thousand specimens, on the sale of which he had counted as raising some funds for his following journeys. Fortu- nately, his plants had been conveyed to Therapia, and escaped destruction. Undaunted by these adverse circumstances, he proceeded to fulfil a plan he had long entertained of exploring Greece and the coasts of Turkey in Europe, and a few months enabled him to visit the most interesting parts of these countries. After having landed anew at Smyrna and Chios, visited in succession Syria, Athens, the Isle of Euboea, Thessaly, and Mount Athos, and returning in mid-autumn, he joined his wife and daughter, who were settled in the family of M. Crespin, a merchant, of French origin, living at Broussa, While at the latter place, he herborized for a fourth time, on Mount Olympus, in Bithynia. Here he had the deep grief to learn the death of M. Coque- bert de Montbret, which took place at Paris, in July, 1836, just as this friend was about to publish a portion of their common urs. Many atime had M. de Montbret aided Aucher- Eloy With his purse, and his earnest efforts on his behalf in had served him no less. ME * desire to revisit Persia seized on our botanist so soon as he was again in Therapia. It was all in vain that M. Adolphe Brongniart wrote to him, urging delay, till he might 180 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH transmit from Paris the proceeds of his former collections, and the sum that had been granted in answer to the various applications made in his favour to government; equally vainly was he advised to confine himself, for the present, to short excursions in Asia Minor, which might have been very productive, without incurring much expense. He had made great progress in acquiring the Turkish and Persian lan- guages, the season was passing away, so he started again, accompanied by a Frenchman, M. Dufaud, who was to assist in making zoological collections, by a dragoman, named Nicholas, and a servant. M. Dufaud died at Teheran, the victim of fever, aggravated by the unskilful treatment of an English physician; Nicholas, who became dropsical at Ispahan, in consequence of the same fever, was unable to accompany him farther; and the servant, with a hand crip- pled by the accidental bursting of a gun, also left him. Thus exposed to most trying vicissitudes, Aucher-Eloy investi- gated, without yielding to discouragement, the north of Ana- tolia, the Pachalics of Sivas and Armenia, revisited Erze- roum, the base of Mount Ararat, Bayazid, and the banks of the Lake of Ouroumiah, Tabriz, Ghilan, and the adjacent shores of the Caspian Sea, investigating them very thoroughly. From Teheran he accomplished the ascent of the volcanic peak of Demawend, which he had vainly attempted to reach in 1835. Resuming the course he had followed on that occa- sion, he revisited Ispahan and the hospitable convent of the Catholic Armenians at Djulfa, near that city. From thence, accompanied by a single Armenian servant, named Alawerdi (Dieudonné), he directed his course to Shiraz and Boussa, on the brink of the Persian Gulf, thence to Firo- zebad, traversing the province of Laristan, and embarked at Bender Abassy, with the intention of exploring Muscat and the little known district of Oman in Arabia. In a small, ill-built and only half-decked boat, Aucher-Eloy encountered a furious tempest, and struggled for many hours, as it were, between life and death. . From Muscat he struck into the interior, and reached the territory of the Wahabites, : OF AUCHER-ELOY. 181 suffering all the time under the fever of the country, till, his strength being exhausted, he was compelled to return to Muscat. Here, a Jew, the agent of the English Consul, who had previously behaved very well to him, availing himself of a time when he was too ill to offer any opposition, compelled him to re-embark for Bender Abassy. The stormy weather obliged them to cast anchor in the harbour of Bender Said, on the extreme frontier of Beloochistan, where the Indian character of the vegetation struck his attention, and made him desire to land and explore the country; but the ship- master hoisted sail suddenly, and then set him down on the Island of Ormuz. He did not, however, relinquish the thought of Beloochistan ; and, consequently, on arriving at Bender Abassy, he directed his steps towards Minah, but Was compelled to come back, and regain Shiraz, through the interior of Laristan. He reached that place in a dying state ; but feeling a little better, he once more started for Ispahan, and with difficulty gained it, having even gathered some plants by the way! The anxious and skilful attentions of the good fathers at Djulfa, and of an Italian physician, named Dr. Bertoni, proved ineffectual to restore his health, which became daily worse ; for his constitution, which had endured So many shocks, was now irrecoverably broken. Still he always cherished the hope of restoration. His plan had originally been to visit Herat, Cabul, and Kandahar, but the Political condition of these countries put a bar to these plans, and he now only aimed at returning to Constantinople the following year, through Bussorah, Bagdad, Mossoul, and the mountains of Media, During one of those respites which his disease afforded, on the 5th of July, 1838, he ventured courageously on commencing an excursion into the country of the Bucktiaris, in the hope that its fresh mountain air might prove beneficial to restoring his decayed strength. On the 8th, he was slowly climbing one of the summits of Dalinkou, when a chief of the country, to whom he “arried letters, counselled him to proceed no farther, because of the insecurity of the roads, and he sorrowfully returned to 182 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH that convent of Djulfa, which he was to quit no more. His complaint made rapid progress, and on the 6th of October, he expired in the arms of Dr. Bertoni and of Father Der- derian, the Apostolic Prefect. There only remains for us to give some particulars respect- ing the work we have undertaken, with the view to arranging and publishing some of those papers by Aucher-Eloy, which refer to his journeys, a task which his widow has authorized us to execute, and in which we are aided by M. Naudin and M. Adolphe Brongniart, anxious, like ourselves, to do honour to the distant grave of our unfortunate fellow-countryman. The writings in question consist firstly of letters, addressed to his brother, M. Aucher a merchant at Blois, to M. Gus- tave Coquebert de Montbret, to M. A. Brongniart, Acting Professor at the Museum of Natural History in Paris, to Madame Aucher-Eloy, M. Naudin, M. de Fischer, Director of the St. Petersburg Botanic Garden, to Colonel Shee, to Mme. Lamariniére, a French lady resident at Teheran, and to his dragoman, Nicholas. A few of the letters to M. Naudin were published in 1840, in the 3rd volume of the Memoirs of the Natural History and Literary Society of Blois. The journals of his expeditions in 1830-1, in 1832, in 1834, and 1835, and 1837-8, form the second set of manu- scripts placed at our disposal. And lastly, several catalogues of his plants were deposited, in order to illustrate the specimens and along with them, in the Museum. All these materials are chronologically ar- ranged. The letters addressed to M. Naudin and M. Coque- bert de Montbret make us acquainted with Aucher-Eloy's residence in Russia and journey to Greece, in 1836, of which there is no other relation; and they also complete the seve- ral journals of the other tours. These letters we have re- printed entire, at the risk of some repetitions. In these MSS. a careful narrative cannot be expected, one such as a traveller, restored to the tranquillity of home; could prepare and lay before the public; they are, strictly speaking, the daily notes of passing events, consigned to OF AUCHER-ELOY. 183 paper in order to aid the travellers memory on a future occasion. This is commonly the case in the three first jour- nals, which will be probably deemed too concise, and which we had hesitated about publishing, till we considered that they might be of use as an itinerary and memorandum of those localities where Aucher-Eloy's specimens of plants were gathered. It has been our object to preserve the original character of these journals, while rectifying the inaccuracies of the pen that haste had caused. A slight polishing touch, to borrow one of Aucher-Eloy's own phrases, and a better arrangement of subject-matter, are what we have chiefly aimed at, care- fully reserving to the close, those longer dissertations on morals and politics, which were scattered up and down in the MSS. The style of Aucher-Eloy is easy, and indicates the man of talent and taste, imbued with Greek and Latin litera- ture, that sure source of intellectual eminence, frequently à quotation from Virgil and Horace serving to express his feelings. His sentiments are always correct, and his tender affection for family and friends, his devotion to science, and attachment to the honour and interests of his own country, are manifested on every occasion, while the touching recital of his own misfortunes often recalls the memory of another French traveller, our friend and first companion in botanical Study, M. Victor Jacquemont, whose letters have been eagerly read all over Europe. Of course, the letters of Aucher-Eloy will never attain such literary success, but we cannot doubt they will be perused with interest. There has been no small labour involved in deciphering the papers, written with all sorts of liquids, deeper or paler n dye, and often with pencil, half-blurred and effaced, a task In which we have been aided by the acuteness and ability of M. Saillard, who is employed at the Home Office in labours of this kind, 3338. 2 A few notes, historical and elucidatory of manners in the East, seemed needful to explain the text; M. Texier kindly added these, which his intimate acquaintance with the country 184 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF AUCHER-ELOY. enabled him to draw up ; while to M. Jouannin, Interpreting Secretary to the King, we owe several useful explanations. As for the botanical notes, their only value will be in help- ing to collate some of the plants mentioned in the text, with the specimens in the collections. The numbers which we have given, correspond (for the journeys previous to 1839), with Aucher-Eloy's first general catalogue ; and for the last expeditions, to the numbers in the tickets at the Museum. There has not been time enough to seek out all the plants, or identify all their names; we have sometimes suggested our doubts, but shall endeavour to clear them up fully in the successive livraisons of our “ Illustrationes Plantarum Orien- talium.* Lastly, a good map, containing the tracks, laid out with | accuracy, was an indispensible appendage to a work of this - kind, and such an one M. Fauchet, draughtsman at the Office of Public Works, has ably executed under our super- intendence. We have availed ourselves of some advice from Colonel Lapie, who is engaged at this very time in preparing a complete map of Turkey and Persia, of the most elaborate description, which is to contain the routes of all travelling botanists, from the fourteenth century to the present day, and which will be annexed to our Jilustrationes Plantarum Orientalium. Here also the course of Aucher-Eloy will be again laid down, M. Lapie having made use of it to cor- rect some previously ill-defined routes and several geogra- phical points that had been doubtful. We have been careful to insert, in both maps, every thing that we had ascertained as to the elevations above the level of the sea, taken baro- metrically and otherwise. Such is the tribute we have paid to the memory of Aucher- Eloy. Our most earnest desire is that it may afford some consolation to his surviving relations, and call the benevo- lent attention of government to his family. Surely we may hope that since it was not granted to Aucher-Eloy himself to * Noticed in the precending No. of our Journal, and also more fully in an earlier volume, —Ebp. 1e aad wies DECADES OF FUNGI. 185 revisit France, and there enjoy the position which his la- bours would have earned for him in the society of naturalists, our government, which holds it an honour to recompense services done to science, will transfer to his widow the advan- tages which it was not permitted him to enjoy. Decades of Funai, by the Rev. M. J. BEnkELEy, F.L.S. First Decade, (With Two Plates, Tas. V. & VL) It is intended under the above title to give notices of new 9r rare species of Fungi in the collection of Sir W, J. Hooker. Occasion also will be taken, of correcting former errors and . making up omissions, where it is thought advisable to do $0; localities of Fungi will be intercalated after the method adopted by Dr. Montagne in his * Four Centuries of Cryp- togamic Plants,” the intercalated species being distinguished by an asterisk. Small collections from different countries may thus be enumerated, while larger collections will furnish materials for distinct memoirs. It is much to be wished that collectors of Fungi, would take notes of the colour and Substance of their species when gathered; the latter point, especially, being very essential towards ascertaining their affinities, The value of such annotations can best be appre- ed by those who have to contend with all the difficulties, which arise in the examination of exotic forms ; difficulties Which are multiplied ten fold in the genus Agaricus from so many of our commoner forms, occurring with slight modifi- cations in tropical or subtropical countries. 1. Agaricus (Pleuropus) nidiformis, n. s. preegrandis; pileo carnoso cupuleformi glabro rufo ; margine lobato-fisso tenui acuto; stipite centrali brevi compresso irregulari. firmo glabro; lamellis ad basin stipitis decurrentibus latis distan- tibus, hic illic ramosis, ochraceis ; interstitiis levissimis vel reticulatis, VOL. rij, » 186 DECADES OF FUNGI. On the ground. Swan River. Mr. Drummond. Pileus forming a cup 6 inches deep, 16 inches broad from margin to margin following the concavity of the cup, fleshy except at the lobed incised margin which is very thin and acute, perfectly smooth, reddish brown. Stem central irregu- lar, 13 inch high and thick, collecting by its mycelium a mass of small pebbles, compressed smooth of the same colour as the pileus. Gills very broad in the centre, distant, thick at the base, thin and acute at the edge, now and then branched, running down to the base of the stem, ochraceous with the edge umber when dry; interstices either perfectly even or remarkably reticulate in the same individual. Allied to Ag. ostreatus, but a far more magnificent species ; when fresh it must be one of the finest of the genus. — * Ag. fascicularis, Huds. Cape of Good Hope. W. H. Harvey, Esq. * Ag. laccatus, Scop. Mies of Good Hope. W. H. Harvey, Esq. 2. Bolbitius mitreformis; Harv., pileo membranaceo mitreformi acuminato, supra medium striato; stipite gracili flexuoso candido minutissime albo-farinaceo, ismen adscen- dentibus valde attenuatis angustissimis anastomosantibus, subinde furcatis. (Tam. VI. B.) On tenacious clay containing a little iron. Devil's Mount, C.B.S. W. H. Harvey, Esq., 1841. Gregarious. Pileus 1 inch high, 3 of an inch broad, mem- branaceous, mitreform, much acuminated, becoming more so as the plant advances in age, finely striated more than half way up, margin very thin, ragged. Stem fistulose, nearly 21 inches high, 1 line thick, white, often twisted, flexuous, BARET with very fine white meal. Gills, extremely nar- row, ascending, much acuminated, anastomosing, sometimes forked, argillaceous. Spores broadly cymbiform with a minute, lateral peduncle, Resembling in form Ag. callosus, but evidently allied to - E Ag. titubans, Boltonii, &c., now separated under the name DECADES OF FUNGI. 187 of Bolbitius on the same grounds as Coprinus. The species when dry, from its elongated pileus and twisted stem, has the air or a Podazon in miniature. Tab. V. B. fig. 1. B. mitreformis, nat. size. f. 2. portion of the gills. f. 3. spores, both magnified. 3. Cantharellus (Pleuropus) capensis, n. s., pileo orbicu- Jari cupuleformi vel expanso membranaceo candido demum fuscescente villoso, vertice porrecto breviter stipitato ; la- mellis e centro radiantibus latiusculis subsimplicibus inter- stitiis reticulatis. On decayed stalks of herbaceous plants. Summit of Table Mount C.B S. JF. H. Harvey, Esq. | Pileus 1.5, of an inch broad, orbicular, with the margin entire or very slightly lobed, white, at length dingy brown, villous, attached by a short stem arising from the elongated vertex. Gills broad for the size of the pileus, radiating from the centre, simple, or nearly so, not distinctly branched, with strongly marked subquadrate reticulations between them. This species is distinguished from Cantharellus Bryophilus by the beautifully reticulated interstices of the simple gill- like folds. ^. Polyporus (Pleuropus) brunneolus, n. s. suberoso-co- riaceus ; pileo tenui reniformi-flabellari cervino-pallido crebri- . ?Onato sericeo-nitente; margine acutissimo, stipite brevis- simo; hymenio contextu que pileo subconcoloribus ; poris minutis punetiformibus dissepimentis obtusiusculis. Pol. modestus, Berk. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. Cuming. . Philippine Isles, n. 2027. Pileus: renato-flabelliform, 23 inches broad, 14 inch long, very thin, but rigid and corky, of a pallid fawn-colour, with à silky lustre, elegantly marked with numerous very narrow Concentric zones, and a few shallow furrows. Stem con- sisting of merely a round disc. Substance and hymenium nearly of the same colour with the pileus. Pores scarcely visible to the naked eye, rather long for the size of the species, Punctiform, with the edge of the dissepiments rather obtuse. P2 188 DECADES OF FUNGI. 'This is a very elegant species, which I referred in the first instance to Pol. modestus, Kze. but that species, of which I have lately seen authentic specimens, resembles some states of Pol. xanthopus and affinis. The pilei are sometimes la- terally connate though arising from a distinct base. 5. P. (Apus) portentosus, n. s. giganteus, pileo carnoso demum friabili pulvinato vertice elevato glaberrimo azono cuticulo tenui alataceo vestito margine subtenui flexuoso ; hymenio convexo poris pro ratione pilei brevibus parvis intus pallidis extus fuscis, demum secedentibus, dissepimentis te- nuibus. Swan River. Mr. Drummond, n. 125. Stemless. Pileus a foot or more in diameter, 10 inches long, 6 inches thick, very light and brittle when dry, ex- tremely convex, especially at the vertex, which is much elevated, pulvinate, with about three depressions which cause corresponding waves in the margin of the pileus, which is thin in proportion to the rest of the plant, clothed with a delicate perfectly smooth tan-coloured cuticle. Hymenium convex, extending to the edge of the pileus, which is not inflected ; pores rather short, pale within, externally of a dark brown, atleast in the dry plant, small, 7, of an inch broad, at length separating from the pileus. This magnificent species is nearly allied to Pol. betulinus, with which it accords in many respects, but its general ap- pearance is very different. 'The same species, apparently, was gathered in Brazil by Mr. Gardner, but the specimen is still imperfect though of a considerable size, and consequently the colour is deeper than it would be in the fully expanded pileus. It is also minutely scabrous, a character which would probably vanish with age. * Pol. australis, Fr. Philippine Isles. Cuming, n. 2041. * Pol. ochreo-laccatus, Mont. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. Oct. 1842. Philippine Isles. Cuming, n. 1979. DECADES OF FUNGI. 189 The varnished coat of this species is so extraordinary that at first I was inclined to think it artificial.* It invests not only the pileus but the tubes themselves, and must, when the plant was gathered, have been moist, as the strong brown paper in which the specimens were wrapped adheres to the hymenium. I have now seen several specimens which are precisely in the same condition. It appears to me probable that the varnish is owing to an exusion from the tree at the point of growth, but even in this case, the species will re- main good, the pores and manner of growth being very diffe- rent from those of any state of Pol. australis, not to mention the pale ochraceous pileus. 6. Pol. (Apus) Zostus, n. sp. dimidiatus, lignoso-coriaceus ; pileo imbricato-confluenti lobato-multiplici tenui crebri-zo- nato, zonis hic illic elevatis radiatim rugosis, fusco variegato ; basi effusá; poris brevibus mediis angulatis, dissepimentis crassiusculis subacutis contextu que umbrino-pallidis. Philippine Isles. Cuming, n. 2031. Stemless, dimidiate imbricato-confluent from the division of the primary pileus about 6 inches broad, 33 inches long, variously lobed, thin, flexible in well grown specimens, but otherwise rigid, concentrically zoned and sulcate, with some of the zones elevated and rugged from radiating interrupted ridges; these are frequently proliferous, producing small but perfect pilei, whose hymenium is directed towards the point of attachment ; base more or less effused. The whole is Covered with a very thin hard cuticle of a rich red-brown, variegated with paler obscurely pruinose bands. Pores middle- sized, vs of an inch broad, shallow, pallid umber, like the substance, angular, often elongated and irregular from the oblique position of the pileus ; dissepiments rather thick, subacute. Belonging to the same group with P. fravineus, but with an altogether different habit. I cannot point out any species * Sir W, J. Hooker received a collection of Fungi from South Africa, t every specimen of which had been varnished with a view to pre- Serve it from insects, 190 DECADES OF FUNGI. to which it bears a very close resemblance. "This, like P. ochreo-laccatus, was not described with the rest of the species collected by Mr. Cuming in consequence of its not being numbered. I have now, however, seen several speci- mens numbered as above. /. Hydnum Webbii, n. s. totus resupinatus; subiculo effuso a matrice separabili crustaceo rigido fusco ; aculeis brevibus conicis obtusiusculis plus minus seriatis cinereo- fuscis pruinosis. Philippine Isles. Cuming, n. 2172. Forming small, elongated, altogether resupinate patches, 2 inches or more long, thin, crust-like, separating easily from the matrix. Subiculum thin, very rigid, brown. Aculei very short, conical, slightly obtuse, not ciliated at the apex, arranged in irregular lines, cinereous-brown pruinose from short simple white flocci, which clothe the whole of the hy- menium. This species comes next to H. squalinum and fusco-atrum, like the former it approaches somewhat in character to Irpex. The spores are probably white. It occurs numbered as above in Mr. Webb’s set of Cuming's Philippine collection. It does not exist in any of the other sets which I have had an opportunity of examining. i 8. Thelephora radicans, n. s. pileo spathulato vel subin- fundibuliformi sublobato, supra fulvo striatulo, subtus fuli- gineo ; stipite valido radicante. Surinam. Hostmann, n. 489. Plant 14 inch high, 4 of an inch broad, spathulate or sub- fundibuliform, split on one side and slightly lobed, minutely striate, with raised lines, tawny, coriaceous. Stem $ of an inch high, 14 line thick, incrassated at the base, and sending off strong branched roots. Hymenium nearly even, fuligi- — nous; spores apparently fuliginous. This is a far {coarser species than Thelephora aurantia, to which it bears a slight resemblance, but differs in many respects. I have no doubt that in the recent plant the spores are fuliginous, but it is in general impossible to ob- DECADES OF FUNGI. 191 serve them accurately in dried specimens. The texture of the pileus is nearly that of Thel. involuta, Kl. I have seen fine specimens of the present species in Dr. Montagne's col- lection marked Splitgerber, n. 1284. This species was not in the set of Hostmann’s Fungi described in a former volume. * Aseroe rubra, Labill.—Aseroe pentactina, Endl. Atakt. t. 50. Iconogr. Gen. Pl. cum Ic. (Ic. Nostr. Tas. V. A.) Sydney, N. S. Wales, Mr. Ludwig Leichardt. Mr. Leichardt has communicated to Sir W. J. Hooker a drawing and description made from the recent plant of this remarkable Fungus, and we gladly avail ourselves of the opportunity of laying the one and the other before the public, (See Tas. V. A). “The pileus," Mr. Leichardt observes, * is divided into 8 rays, each of which is forked ; the divisions being acuminated and slightly twisted. The centre of this pileus is perforated by a rather large irregular aperture, by means of which there is a communication with the cavity of the stipes and the atmosphere. A dark brownish moist matter covers the upper surface of the disc. The rays are of a fine bright scarlet above, while the under surface and stipes are of a pale rose-colour. An attentive observation With a lens exhibits minute openings, one at the base of each ray, which communicates with larger holes immediately beneath the upper layer of the disc, (f. 4.) The stipes, about 1$ in length,* is hollow, as shown in the transverse section at f. 6, the walls being composed of a simple series of longi- tudinal cells, which enlarge upwards towards the disc, as shown at f. f. 4 and 5. The stipes is at the base surrounded by the volva to half its length. In making a vertical section 9f the volva (f. 2.) an external and internal membrane are ily distinguished, between which a mucous substance is * On the inner membrane, from the point of con- nection of the base of the stipes and volva, seven whitish nds radiate. The roots are cylindrical, of loose tissue, anastomosing with each other. ani * The figure, Which is said to be of the natural size, represents a longer stipes, —E p, 192 DECADES OF FUNGI. “ This singular Fungus was found in the government de- mesne by Lieut. Lynd, Barrack Master at Sydney, growing early in April on rotten wood, not fifteen yards from the sea- side.” Tas. V. A. Aseroe rubra.—Fig. |. Plant, nat. size; f. 2. vertical section of the volva, ditto; f. 3. transverse section of the same, ditto; f. 4. a vertical section of a portion of the disc and of the ray, showing the small aperture leading into the large cavity, mag.; f. 5. vertical section of the cells of the stipes enlarging upwards, mag.; f. 6. transverse section of the stipes, nat. size. ; f. 7. transverse section of a portion of the disc and ray, showing the parietes of the large cells of the former, with wavy lines, mag. 9. Aseroe viridis, Berk. et Hook. fil.; volvá globosá sublobatá; stipite transversim rugoso, à receptaculo omnino disereto ; radiis subtus levibus, sulco divisis ; stipite receptaculoque vi- ridibus. (Tas. V, B.) Clay banks on hills near Kai Patika, Bay of Islands, New Zealand. J. D. Hooker, Esq. M.D. Volva globose, $ of an inch broad, thick, dirty white, slightly and obtusely lobed. Stem 1 inch high of a metallic green as well as the receptacle, attenuated below, gradually increasing upwards, 1 of an inch thick at the top, wrinkled transversely, especially above, separated from the fructifying rays by a distinct groove. Receptacle horizontal, divided into 7-8 rays almost to the point of its connection with the stem. Rays much attenuated, forked, almost plain and smooth beneath, with a strong groove leading downwards from the point of division till it reaches the base, and then curving round on either side to the bifurcation of the neigh- bouring ray, convex above, their extremities extremely atte- nuated and cirrhose; at the base of each is seated a distinct wart-like rugulose body which supports the fructifying mass; and in the centre, an orbicular body with a small perfora- tion leading into the cavity of the stem; each fructifying mass has a minute pore above. : This appears to be quite distinct from Aseroe rubra ; dif- fering from that species in colour, in the transversely wrinkled DECADES OF FUNGI. 193 stem; and in the receptacle, whose rays are grooved beneath, not being confluent with the stem. The number ofrays is very variable in this genus ; it appears therefore that Aseroe pen- tactina, Endlicher, is not to be distinguished from A. rubra. It will be seen in Bauer's figure of A. pentactina, that the receptacle is perfectly confluent with the stem, and that the cells of the rays are similar to those of the stems. This is by no means the case in the present species. Each half ray is connected with its neighbour by a distinct groove, whence it would almost seem as if the bifurcate rays arose from the confluence oftwo neighbouring half rays, presenting a sort of analogy to the staminal crown in Asclepiadia. This, how- ever, is perhaps rather apparent than real, though it presents one of those curious resemblances which are so striking in every division of organized beings. Tas. V. B.—Aseroe viridis ; f. 1. Plant, nat. size. ; f. 2. the same with the volva cut through, ditto. BRooME1A, n. g. Peridium duplex, utrumque persistens ; exterius incom- pletum, confluendo stromatiforme individuorum plurimorum commune, suberosum, ab inferiore papyraceo apice fimbriato dehiscente cujus basin tantum investit discretum. Capillitium laxum, peridio undique adnatum ; spore insperse echinulatze; flocci nodosi —Fungus gregarius, odorus massam confertam ex individuis plurimis constantem efformans quorum singulorum basis in peridio exteriori communi immergitur, sed puncto tantum figitur. Nomen dedi in honorem amicissimi, C. E. Broome, armigeri, Tuberacearum Anglicarum accuratismi indagatoris, cujus pene solius laboribus extant hodie viginti species indigene ungorum hypogeorum. 10. Broomeia congregata, n. s. (Tas. VI. A.) On rotten wood. Found in the district of Albany, C.B.S. by Mr. J. Backhouse, 1838. Forming a mass 5.6 inches in diameter, consisting of above 150 individuals. The external peridium is represented by an uniform corky stroma } of an inch thick, of a pinkish | 194 DECADES OF FUNGI. grey, investing the matrix, and common to the whole mass. On the surface of this, and sunk into it to about a fourth part of their height are crowded the numerous slightly ob- long individuals, but perfectly distinct from it except at the very base, where there is not the slightest trace of a pe- duncle. Interior peridium j4, of an inch high, x broad, paper-like, minutely granulated above, where it is of a rich chestnut brown when moist, paler with a pinkish tinge below. Orifice beautifully fimbriated, seated in a slightly depressed circular disc. Capillitium converging from the inner walls towards the centre ; flocci simple, slightly nodose, through their whole length inarticulate, without any trace of an internal membrane ; spores abundant red-ochre globose or slightly angular echinulate, containing a subglobose va- riously sized nucleus. The corky base consists of irregular branched anastomosing inarticulate threads. When fresh or moistened it exhales a strong scent of aniseed, and presents when cut an appearance somewhat like that of the flesh of Fistulina hepatica. No genus can be more distinct. Its affinities with Geaster are so striking that they need scarcely be indicated. It is to W. H. Harvey, Esq. that I am indebted for my spe- cimen. Tas. VI. A. Fig. 1. Broomeia congregata, nat. size; f. 2- section of ditto, slightly mag. ; f. 3. flocci and spores, mag. 5 f. 4. spores and flocci magnified 780 diameters, after a sketch by Dr. Montagne ; f. 5. flocci of stroma, mag. * Spheria (Connate) cenopus, Fr. Cuming. Philippine Islands, n. 2163. I have seen no specimen from this locality except in Mr. Webb's set of the Philippine collection. NOTES ON MIMOSEX. 195 Notes on MiwosEz, with a Synopsis of Species. By GEORGE Bentuam, Esa. Tribe III. AcacrIEX. Continued from p. Vo of the present volume. XXV. PrirHECOLOBIUM, Martius.—Inge Hymeneodee et Samanee, DC. excl. spec. nonnull. Flores hermaphroditi, rarius polygami. Calyx campanu- latus, 2-5-dentatus. Corolla tubulosa v. infundibuliformis. Stamina indefinita, seepius numerosa, corolla duplo v. pluries longiora, basi in tubum coalita. Legumen compressum v. planum, contortum v. faleatum, rarius fere rectum, valvulis coriaceis v. carnosis margine vix incrassatis, dehiscentia sepe tortis nec revolutis. Semina in pulpa tenui rarius evanida nidulantia, funiculo filiformi sepe in arillam carnosam ex- panso.— Frutices v. arbores regionum calidiorum utriusque orbis incolee, inermes v. stipulis spinescentibus v. spinis axil- laribus armata, Folia bipinnata, glandulifera, glandulis nempe jugalibus inter pinnas v. foliola suprema v. omnia, Petiolari nunc parva ad basin v. ad medium petioli, nunc in sectionibus pluribus nulla. Flores in capitula globosa v. oblonga, rarius in spicas cylindricas dispositi, albi v. rarius Purpurei, vulgo quàm in Calliandra minores graciliores. ice V. capitula solitarie v. fasciculatim pedunculata, rarius subsessiles, in axillis foliorum superiorum v. in paniculas ter- minales disposita, This genus was first established by Martius (Herb. Fl. Bras. p, 114), to include those species of Inga of Willde- now and De Candolle, which have a twisted pod, and the seeds enclosed in a fleshy arillus, and which appeared to him to be marked by a peculiar habit; but upon an exami- nation of all the species of which I have obtained the fruit, I dnd it difficult to assign any positive limits without extend- ing it to many species deprived of the arillus, and even to [le 196 NOTES ON MIMOSE. some with a nearly straight fruit. Pithecolobium would thus include all monadelphous Mimosee with indefinite stamens, bipinnate leaves, and fleshy or pulpy pods, excepting those few species which I have followed Martius in referring to a distinct genus, under the name of Enterolobium. The distinction thus formed between Pithecolobium and Inga, rests, it is true, chiefly upon the foliage, which is always simply pinnate in Inga and Affonsea, and bipinnate in Pithecolobium, although the number of pinne and leaflets be sometimes reduced to a single pair of each, and even, in one instance, to a single foliole on each pinna. This peculiarity of foliage is, however, of considerable importance in Legu- minose, and moreover, the fruit of the true Ingas is generally much thicker and more fleshy, never twisted, and always has a remarkably thick margin. Pithecolobium is more de- cidedly distinguished by the pod from Albizzia and Callian- dra, but is not always so readily known from them when in flower. All the species have glandular petioles, which are scarcely ever to be seen in Calliandra, and may generally serve as a mark for the American sections; and amongst the Asiatic sections, Concordia may be known from Albizzia by the spines, and Clypearia by the peculiar inflorescence. Tt is only the few species of Cathormion that may be doubtful in the absence of fruit. The small flowers of Unguis-Cati, the spinescent stipules of Unguis-Cati and Concordia, the inflo- rescence of Caulanthon and the tubular flowers of Caulanthon and Chloroleucon are also very different from what is observ- able either in Albizzia or Calliandra. As the groups into which the genus may be divided are much more distinct from each other than those which I have adopted in Acacia and Calliandra, and may be considered as so many distinct genera, I have described them as sub- stantive sections, of which the following are the principal characters. I. Uneuis-Carti.—Stipule nonulle v. omnes spines- - ; centes. Pinnae l-rarius 2-juge. Foliola 1-3-juga. Legu- men lineare, tortum.—Species 1-13, omnes Americana. NOTES ON MIMOSE. 197 lI. Concorp1a.—Stipule nonnulle v. omnes spinescentes. Spine etiam hine inde axillares. Pinne 1-2-juge. Foliola 3-pluri-jugee. Legumen lato-lineare, cochleatum.—Species 14-16, omnes Asiatice. III. AsanEMOoTEMON.—Inermes. Pinne pluri-rarius uni- juge. Foliola plurijuga. Pedunculi non suprapositi. Legu- men cochleatum.—Species 17-25, omnes Americane. IV. Cuypzarta.—Inermes. Pinne et foliola uni-pluri- juga. Capitula paniculata, ramis panicule pedunculisque lateraliter et supraposite fasciculatis. Legumen latum coch- leato-contortum margine exteriore sepe sinuato. — Species 26-34, Asiaticee v. Polynesice. V. Carnormion.—Inermes. Folia Clypearie. Pedun- culi in axillis v. in panicula solitarii v. rarius subfasciculati. Legumen moniliforme, rectum v. cochleato-contortum. Spe- cies 35-39, Polynesice. : CaurAwTHON.—Inermes. Pinne 1-rarius 2-juge. Foliola ampla, solitaria v. 1-pluri-juga. Pedunculi in ramis annotinis breves fasciculati. Legumen rectum falcatum v. contortum, planum, subbivalve, marginibus leviter incrassa- tis.—Species 40-50, Americane. VIL SauaxEa.—Inermes. Pinne et foliola multijuga. Inflorescentia axillaris, paniculata, v. corymbosa, pedunculis non suprapositis. Legumen rectiusculum v. arcuatum nec cochleatum.—Species 51-68, Americane. VIII. Cntonorgvcow.—Spinz hinc inde axillares. Sti- pulæ membranaceæ v. obsoletæ. Pinnæ et foliola pluri-multi- Ja. Pedunculi axillares, solitarii v. gemini. Legumen fal- catum, crassum, coriaceo-carnosum, intus septatum.—Species 69-75, Americanze, Secr. I. Uxcvrs-Carr. — Stipule nonnulle v. omnes ‘Pinescentes. Pinnæ unijuge v. valde inzequaliter bijuge. Foliola 1-3-juga, cujusve paris subeequalia. Glandulee jugales. Peduneuli solitarii v. 2-3-natim fasciculati, non suprapositi 198 NOTES ON MIMOSEZ. inferiores szepius axillares, superiores v. fere omnes race- mosi, racemis ssepius paniculato-ramosis. Ovarium stipita- tum. Legumen lineare, circinnato-contortum, valvulis con- vexis intus sspe rubescentibus, dehiscentia varie tortis. Semina arilla carnosa semi-immersa.—Species omnes Ame- ricane, una tamen in hortis Asiaticis introducta. Flores albi v. rosei parvi. * Pinnis foliolisque unijugis, floribus spicatis. 1. P. macrostachyum, glabrum v. vix minutissime puberu- lum, stipulis spinescentibus rectis v. rarius obsoletis, foliolis oblique ovato-oblongis sublanceolatisve, spicis elongatis, calyce 5-dentato corolla pubescente vix triplo breviore.—Jnga lan- ceolata, Humb. et Bonpl., Kunth, Mim. t. 15 ; Mimosa macro- stachya, Vahl. Ecl. t. 26; Inga macrostachya, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 437 ; Inga ligustrina, Willd.? Spec. 4, p. 1007, (Mimosa ligustrina, Jacq. non Vahl); Inga hymeneefolie proxima, Ch, Schl. Linnea 5, p. 592.—Foliola 1-2-pollicaria. Spice subinterrupte, nunc vix bipollicares, nune usque ad 4-5 poll. longe. Bracteole lanceolate, brevissime v. interdum corol- las subeequantes.—Near Vera Cruz, Galeotti, n. 32523; Lin- den, n. 1318, Schiede and others; Manzanilla Bay, Barclay ; Cumana, Humboldt and Bonpland; on the Magdalena, Hart- wey, n. 965; Guiana? Anderson ; Cayenne, Vahl. 2. P. hymeneefolium, ramulis petiolisque glabris, stipulis spinescentibus, foliolis oblique oblongis glabris, spicis densis- sissimis elliptico-oblongis, floribus adpresse pubescentibus, calyce 5-dentato corolla triplo breviore, ovario piloso.— 4n hymeneefolia, Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1008.— — Species mihi ignota. Folia sec. Kunth, 3-4-pollicaria. Spice 1-13 poll. longee—Shady woods near Caripe, in Cumana, Humboldt and Bonpland. 3. P. oblongum (sp.-n.), ramulis petiolisque glabris, stipt- — lis spinescentibus, foliolis oblique ovatis v. ovali-oblongis gla- — bris, spicis laxiuseulis cylindraceo-oblongis pedunculatis — floribus adpresse pubescentibus, calyce 5-dentato P NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 199 subtriplo breviore, ovario glabro.— Foliola 1-2-pollicaria. Spi- ce pollice breviores.—Western coast of Columbia, Cuming, n. 1155, Sinclair. ** Pinnis foliolisque unijugis, floribus globoso-capitatis. 4. P. dulce, glabrum v. vix canescenti-puberulum, stipulis spinescentibus brevibus, foliolis dimidiato-obovatis oblon- gisve obtusis, capitulis breviter nunc brevissime pedunculatis canescentibus, calyce 5-dentato corolla triplo breviore, ovario villoso.—Mimosa dulcis, Roxb. Pl. Corom. t. 99 ; Inga dulcis, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1005; Inga pungens, Humb. et Bonpl. Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1004; Mimosa Unguis-Cati, Blanco Fl. Filip. p. 731, non Linn. ; Inga Javana, DC.? Prodr. 2, p. 436. —Arbor procerrima. Foliola subpollicaria. Capitula stamini- bus neglectis magnitudine pisi, in pedunculis vix semipolli- caribus secus ramos panicule v. rarius in axillis foliolorum solitaria v. fasciculata. Legumen torulosum, circinnatum, valvulis intus rubris, pulpa eduli repletum. Semina atra, nitida, arillo semi-immersa.—In the hot regions of Mexico, Schiede, Beechey, Hinds, Galeotti, n. 3140, and introduced from thence to the Philippine Islands, Blanco, and from those islands into East India, Roxburgh. 9. P. pubescens (Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 141), ramulis angulatis petiolisque pubescentibus, stipulis parvis Induratis hinc inde breviter spinescentibus, foliolis oblique ovali-ellipticis oblongisve coriaceis utrinque pubescentibus v. Supra demum glabratis, capitulis globosis pedunculatis, ca- lyce tomentoso 5-dentato corolla tomentosa subquadruplo eviore, ovario villoso.— Inga pubescens, Bert. in DC. Prodr. 2, P. 437; Inga paniculata, Spreng. in DC. l. c. ; Mimosa monilif era, Bertol.? Fl. Guatem, p. 41.—Foliola 1-2-polli- “aria, rarius majora. Inflorescentia fere P. dulcis. Flores majores, rosei.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 750, Barran- quillas, Bertero, _ 6. P. forfex, ramulis petiolisque glabris, stipulis parvis induratis hinc inde breviter spinescentibus, foliolis oblique oblongis obtusis v. acutiusculis subcoriaceis glabris, capitulis 200 NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. subglobosis longiuscule pedunculatis, floribus breviter cano- tomentosis, calyce 5-dentato corolla subquadruplo breviore, ovario glabro.—Inga forfex, Kunth, Mim. t. 16; Mimosa rosea, Vahl. Ecl. 3, p. 33, t. 25.—4 P. pubescenti differt pre- cipue glabritie, pedunculis longioribus et ovario glabro. Le- gumina valde torta, vix 2 lin. lata. Carthagena in Columbia, Billberg ; Trinidad, Lockhart. 7. P. Unguis-Cati, ramulis petiolisque glabris, stipulis par- vis induratis nunc brevissimis muticis nune spinescentibus, foliolis late et oblique obovatis orbiculatisve obtusissimis gla- bris, capitulis globosis longiuscule pedunculatis, floribus gla- bris v. vix minute tomentellis, calyce 5-dentato corolla vix triplo breviore, ovario glabro.— Inga Unguis-Cati, Willd. DC. Prodr. 2, p. 436; Inga Guadalupensis, Desv. DC. Prodr. 2, p. 436.—Species sequenti affinis et forsan non immerito cum ilà à Linneo juncta. ^ Foliola tamen duplo majora, proportione latiora, corolle ampliores breviores, spine bre- viores nonnunquam obsolete.—Common in the West In- dies. ; 8. P. microphyllum, ramulis petiolisque glabris, stipulis longiuscule spinescentibus, foliolis oblique oblongis ovatisve obtusissimis glabris, capitulis globosis longiuscule peduncu- latis, floribus glabris, calyce corolla quadruplo breviore, ovario glabro.—/nga microphylla, Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. 6; p. 293.—Frutex glaberrimus. Foliola semipollicaria, v. mā- jora 9 lin. longa. Pedunculi subpollicares. Corolle 3 lin. longe. Legumina valde torta, 4-5 lin. lata.—West Indies; Cumana, Humboldt and Bonpland ; Guayaquil, Hall. 9? P. spinifolium, ** caule ramosissimo, spinis stipularibus subconicis, petiolis pubescentibus glanduliferis, foliis conju- gato-pinnatis, foliolis oblique rotundatis nervosis subtus pubescentibus apice recurve acuminatis spinulosis, floribus capitatis, calycibus pubescentibus, leguminibus tenuiter to- — ' mentosis tortilibus."— nga spinifolia, Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 1, v. 9, p. 426.—Species mihi ignota, ex cl. Desv. juxta Ingam (Pithecolobium) Unguis-Cati collocanda. An P. circin- nale ?—W est Indies, Desvauz. NOTES ON MiMOSE. 201 *** Pinnis foliolisque subbijugis. 10. P. circinnale, glabrum, stipulis spinescentibus, pinnis uni-rarius bi-jugis, foliolis in pinna ultima 2-3-jugis in infe- riore uni-jugis obovatis longe mucronatis, capitulis globosis longe pedunculatis, floribus minute tomentellis.—/nga circin- nalis, Willd.? DC. Prodr. 2, p. 438; Mimosa circinnalis Linn.? Spec. p. 1499, non Cav.—The leaflets in the speci- mens I have seen, as in those described by De Candolle, are remarkable for their long almost prickly point, but Linnzeus’s character does not quite agree with them.—West Indies; St. Domingo, Ehrenberg, &c. ll. P. candidum, glabrum, stipulis spinescentibus, pinnis uni-rarius bijugis, foliolis bijugis v. in pinnis inferioribus uni-jugis oblique obovatis brevissime mucronulatis coriaceis, capitulis globosis pedunenlatis 6-8-floris, calyce corolla tenui 8-7-plo breviore, ovarii glabri stipite brevi.—4nga candida, Humb. et Kunth, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 438.—Arbor parva, 1-2-orgyalis ex Humboldt et Bonpland, usque ad 25 pedes alta ex Hinds et Sinclair. Legumen circinnatum glabrum.— Plains near Guayaquil, Humboldt and Bonpland, Hinds, Sin- clair, Hartweg, 657, &c. 12. P. excelsum (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 115), ramis pu- bescentibus, stipulis spinescentibus, pinnis 1-2-jugis, foliolis bi-jugis v. in pinnis inferioribus uni-jugis oblique ellipticis sub- mucronatis membranaceis puberulis, capitulis globosis louge pedunculatis paucifloris, calyce corolla tenui puberula octuplo breviore, ovarii glabri stipite elongato.—Inga excelsa, Kunth, Mim. t. 18, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 439. —Arbor procerrima, cæte- Tum P. candido valde affine. Legumen circinnatum puberu- lum, Species à me non visa.— Banks of the Magdalena, near Tomependa, Humboldt and Bonpland. .13. P. diversifolium (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque pubescen- " bus, stipulis spinescentibus, pinnis 1-2-jugis, foliolis 2-3- Jugis. V. in pinnis inferioribus uni-jugis obovatis oblongisve utrinque pubescentibus, capitulis globosis pedunculatis, flori- "5 pubescentibus, corolla calyce vix quadruplo breviore, Svarti glabri stipite elongato.— Ramuli tortuosi, dense foliati. .. VOL. 111, Q 202 NOTES UN MIMOSE. Foliola ultima 6-9 lin. longa, inferiora multo minora, petiolo communi quàm partiales multo breviore. Flores fere P. can- didi sed calyces proportione multo majores. Legumen cir- cinnatum, inter semina sæpius constrictum, tomentellum.— Province of Piauhy in Brazil, Gardner, n. 2554; Serra Jaco- bina, Blanchet, n. 2670. Szor. II. Concorra. Stipule nonnulle v. omnes spines- centes. Spina etiam hinc inde axillares. Pinne 1-2-juge. Foliola tri-plurijuga. Glandule jugales. Ovarium sessile v. subsessile. Legumen lato-lineare cochleatum.—Species omnes Indice. Flores purpurei. 14. P. geminatum, ramulis petiolisque puberulis, stipulis plerisque spinescentibus, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-5 -jugis cum impari exteriore ad basin pinnz obovato-oblongis valde ineequilateris glabris nitidis, pedunculis axillaribus, capitulis globosis, floribus sessilibus glabris, calyce corolla subtriplo breviore, ovario glabro.—Inga geminata, Wight et Arn. Prodr. Fl. Penins. Ind. Or. 1, p. 269. Annon ad sequentem reducendum ?—Ceylon, Wight, Mackenzie, &c. 15. P. nitidum, ramulis petiolisque pubescentibus, stipulis spinescentibus, pinnis bijugis, foliolis 4-5-jugis cum impari exteriore ad basin pinne oblique oblongis mucronatis glabris nitidis, capitulis globosis.—JMimosa nitida, Vahl. Symb. 2; p.103. Acacia nitida, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1086. Inga Koe- nigii, Wight et Arn. Prodr. 1, p. 269.— East India, Koenig. I have not seen this species, unless, as suspected by Arnott, it be the same as the last. 16. P. umbellatum, ramulis petiolisque puberulis, stipulis parvis demum induratis brevissime pungentibus, spinis hinc inde axillaribus validis, pinnis 1-2-jugis, foliolis plerisque 8-10-jugis cum impari brevi exteriore ad basin pinne oblique oblongis obtusis plurinerviis glabris, pedunculis axillaribus in ramulis brevissimis subfasciculatis, floribus in capitulis glo- 4 bosis pedicellatis glabriusculis, calyce corolla subtriplo bre- — viore, ovario sessili. —Znga umbellata, Willd. DC. Prodr. 2; p. 439; Inga concordiana, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 441.—East In- dian Peninsula. NOTES ON MiMOSEA. 203 Secr. III. Asaremoremon. Arbores inermes. Stipule in- conspicuz. ^ Pinna et foliola pluri-v. multijuga, rarissime unijuga. Glandule jugales. Pedunculi solitarii v. 2-3-ni, non suprapositi, axillares v. subracemosi. Legumen latum, cochleato-contortum.—Species omnes Americane. Flores albi. The more numerous folioles and pinne and the total want of spines, easily distinguish this section from the two pre- ceding ones; the following ones are known by their inflo- rescence, or their flowers, excepting Samanea, which only differs from Abaremotemon in the pod, insomuch that all those species of which the fruit is unknown, can only be re- ferred to the one or the other, from their apparent affinity to others whose pod has been described. * Paucifoliolate, foliolis infra 10-jugis. 17? P.cochleatum (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 115), gla- m, pinnis subunijugis, foliolis trijugis ellipticis acuminatis nitidis, glandula obscura inter omnia paria, pedunculis soli- tariis geminisve, floribus pedicellatis glabris, legumine coch- leato margine exteriore repando.—Inga cochleata, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1020; Para, JFilldenow.—'his species is un- known to me. From Willdenow's description, it would ap- Pear to be very near to P. umbellatum, but is said to be warmed, and a native of America. 18. P. letum (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo-villo- SIs, pinnis 1-2-jugis, foliolis unijugis amplis obovalibus v. elliptico-oblongis acuminatis basi parum obliquis utrinque ad venas villosulis ceeterum glabris, floribus sessilibus apice rufo- rbatis, corolla calyce triplo longiore, ovario sessili glabro. —Inga leta, Pospp. MSS.—Rami scandentes? glabrati. Pili partium juniorum breves, patentes, ferruginei. Foliola usque ad 4 poll. longa. Glandule oblonge majuscule parum ele- vate et vix nisi glabritie conspicum. Stipul setaceze, mio decidue. Pedunculi sub-bipollicares. Flores fere Callian- drarum, Calyx 1 lin. longus. Stamina ultra-pollicaria. Legu- . Men semipedale, 6-8-lin. latum, falcatum v. demum contor- e Q2 — 204 NOTES ON MIMOSE. tum, valvulis 2 coriaceis intus rubentibus dehiscens, margini- bus incrassatis, exteriore plus minus sinuato. —Maynas in Brazil, Pæppig. 19. P. Auaremotemo (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 115), gla- brum v. ramulis novellis minute glanduloso-puberulis, pinnis 2-3-rarius 4-jugis, foliolis 2-3-jugis ovatis rhombeisve, capitu- lis globosis, calyce dentato corolla glabra triplo breviore, ovario sessili glabro, legumine lato cochleato —7nga nandine- folia, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 440. Mimosa cochliocarpa, Gom. DC. Prodr. 2, p. 430. Inga cochlocarpos, Mart. Reise 1, p. 549. Mimosa vaga, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 13.—Arbor 30-40-peda- lis. Stipule ad tuberculum brevem reducte v. obsolete. Folia et inflorescentia siccitate nigricantia, Glandulæ parum — conspicue, subimmerse. Foliola 1-2 poll. longa. Calyx 1 lin., corolla 3 lin. longa. Legumen anfractibus 2-4 cochlea- tum, 4 poll. latum, valde compressum, valvulis margine bre- viter incrassatis. Semina arillata.—Woods and waters of tropical Brazil, in the provinces of Rio Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Ceara, Martius, Pohl. Sello, Lhotsky, &c. 20. P. gummiferum (Mart. l. c. p. 116), glabrum, pinnis 2.3-jugis, foliolis 5-7-jugis angusto-ellipticis subtus venosis glaucis, capitulis globosis, floribus pubentibus, calyce corolla duplo breviore, legumine bis torto.—Deserts of Bahia and Minas, Martius. Unknown to me. 21. P. trapezifolium (Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2; p. 142), ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo-tomentellis mien pinnis 2-4-jugis, foliolis pinnarum inferiorum paucijugis, timarum 6-8-jugis rhombeo-ovatis valde obliquis glabris v. junioribus subtus ferrugineo-tomentellis, capitulis globosis, floribus ferrugineo-tomentosis, calyce campanulato corolla duplo breviore, ovario subsessili villoso, legumine lato-lineari cochleato.— Mimosa trapezifolia, Vahl. Ecl. 3, t. 28; Inga trapezifolia. DC. Prodr. 2, p. 441.—Trinidad, Vahl ; British Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 284; French Guiana, Martin ; Suri- = nam, Hostmann, n. 479. 22. P. lusorium, ramulis petiolisque ferragineo-tomentel- lis, pinnis 2-5-jugis, foliolis 3-6-jugis oblique rhombeo- obovatis glabris v. junioribus subtus tomentellis, pedunculis. NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 205 rigidis folio longioribus, capitulis ovato-globosis, floribus fer- rugineo-tomentellis, calyce tubuloso-campanulato brevissime dentato corolla duplo breviore, ovario subsessili villoso, legu- mine lato-lineari faleato subcontorto.—Mimosa lusoria, Vell. Fl Flum. 11, t. 14. Inga brachystachya, DC.? Prodr. 2, p. 440.— Przecedente simillimum, at floribus diversum. Fo- liola minus obliqua et seepius obtusiora. Pedunculi longiores. Capitula minus compacta, floribus infimis sepe remotis. Cor. 3lin. longa. Legumine ex icone citata latiora et multo minus contorta.— Brazil, Sello. ** Multifoliolate, foliolis ultra 15-jugis. 23. P. cyclocarpum (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 115), pinnis 4-9-jugis, foliolis 20-30-jugis exterioribus majoribus acumi- natis basi truncatis, glandula in medio petiolo, capitulis glo- bosis, legumine cochleato margine exteriore sinuato.— Inga cyclocarpa, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1026.—Ex descriptione brevi videtur sequenti affine.—Caraccas, Jacquin. 24. P. filicifolium, ramulis petiolis pedunculisque ferru- gineo-tomentellis, pinnis 8-12-jugis, foliolis 20-30-jugis ob- lique falcato-oblongis obtusiusculis glabris v. minute ciliatis supra nitidis subtus pallidis, capitulis dense globosis, calyce tubuloso apice ferrugineo-piloso corolla tenui triplo breviore, staminum tubo corollam zequante, ovario sessili glabro, legu- mine contorto.— Mimosa arborea, Sw. Obs. p. 390, non Linn. (que Acacia villosa) nec Mill (Albizzia Julibrissin), Acacia arborea, Willd. et Auct. ex parte. Mimosa filicifolia, Lam. Dict. 1, p. 13.—Foliola 3-4 lin. longa. Calyces lineam longi, membranacei. Corolla 3 lin. longa, tenuiter infundi- buliformi-tubulosa. Legumen (quod ipse non vidi) teretius- culum dicitur, arcuato-contortum.— Xalapa, Galeotti; Ja- maica, Distin. 25. P. Langsdorfii (sp. n.), ramulis petiolis pedunculisque minute tomentellis, pinnis 5-7-jugis, foliolis 15-25-jugis ob- lique falcato-oblongis obtusiusculis glabris supra nitidis sub- r albidis, capitulis ovato-globosis v. interrupte oblongis, foribus ferrugineo-tomentellis, calyce corolla vix duplo bre- 206 . NOTES ON MIMOSEJXE. viore, staminum tubo incluso, ovario sessili glabro, legumine arcuato-contorto margine exteriore sinuato.—Species habitu P. incuriali et P. Martiano similis, fructu P. filicifolio affinis, foliolis siccitate supra nigrescenti-nitidis subtus pallidissimis insignis. Foliola 3 lin. longa. Calyx turbinatus 2 lin. Corolla 33 lin. longa. Legumen 4 lin. latum, valvulis intus rubentibus post anthesin valde tortis. Semina exarillata. —High mountains in Minas Geraes, Langsdorff; Brazil, Sello. Secr. IV. Ciypraria. Arbores inermes. Stipule incon- spicue v. decidue. Pinne et foliola uni-plurijuga. Glan- dula in medio v. prope basin petioli, jugales inter pinnas v. foliola superiora rarius ad omnia juga, v. rarissime deficientes. Capitula parva numerosa ample paniculata, ramis panieule peduneulisque lateraliter et superposite fasciculatis. Ovarium stipitatum. Legumen latum, cochleato-contortum, margine exteriore ssepius sinuato, valvulis coriaceis sublignosum. Semina in nonnullis (an in omnibus?), exarillata.—Species omnes Indice v. Polynesice. Flores albi. Though variable as to foliage, the species of this section are readily known by the remarkable way in which the branches of the panicle and peduncles are inserted, several together, one immediately above the other, in vertical lines. The flowers are much like those of the small-flowered Albiz- zie, the pod is nearly that of Adaremotemon, but usually broader and more sinuate, and in the few cases where I have - seen the seed, it appears to be destitute of any fleshy arillus. * Pinnis 1-2-jugis, foliolis amplis 2-4-jugis, ovario glabro. 26. P. bigeminum (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 115), ramulis petiolisque tomentelis demum glabratis, pinnis 1-2-jugis, foliolis 2-4-jugis ovatis oblongisve acuminatis demum gla- - bris, glandula in medio petiolo, floribus puberulis in capitulo paucis sessilibus, calyce corolla duplo breviore 5-dentato, legumine cochleato margine exteriore integro.— Mimosa bige- mina, Vahl. Symb. 2, p. 103 an Linn.? Inga bigemna, NOTES ON MIMOSE. 207 Willd. Spec. 2, p. 1007. Inga lucida, Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 5267 B. excl. litt. cet. Inga Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. l.c. n. 5281, Inga annularis, Grah. in Wall. l.c. n. 5969. —Arbor elata. Foliola 2-3-pollicaria. Glandule varie, nune late depressee, nunc parve elevate, nunc jugales omnino de- fieientes. Bracteæ sub panicula et ramis uti in specibus ple- risque sequentibus seepius ad petiolum brevem glanduliferum reductæ. Calyx ] lin., corolla 2 lin. longa, campanulata, basi attenuata, semi-5-fida. Stamina semipollicaria. Jegu- men bis tortum, valvulis 9 lin. latis.—Mounteins of Nipal and to the N.E. of Bengal, Roxburgh, Wallich, &c. also in the Peninsula, Wight, Heyne, &c. pi bubalina, petiolis partialibus eglandulosis.—4nga buba- lina, Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 5272, an Jack. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1, p. 225, excl. fr. ? — Penang, Wallich. "These Specimens are in flower only, and in that state only differ from the continental specimens in the absence of all glands between the leaflets. They agree also with Jack's character in all but the fruit, which” he describes as so very different from that of any other Mimoseous plant, that one cannot help suspecting he must have had before him the pod of Some Cassia, near C. fistula. Mimosa Saponaria, Lour. Fl. Cochin. p. 653, or Inga Sa- ponaria of Willdenow and De Candolle must be near to P. bigeminum, if a Mimoseous plant at all. But this point !5 very doubtful, as Loureiro did not see either flower or Tut; and he says the leaves are sometimes simply, some- times doubly pinnate, a circumstance hitherto unknown amongst Mimosee. 27. P. lucidum, ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo-tomentosis, Pinnis 1-2-jugis, foliolis 2-4-jugis ovatis oblongisve acumina- tis demum glabris, glandula in medio petiolo, floribus sericeo- Pubescentibus in capitulis densis sessilibus, calyce truncato “ei duplo breviore, legumine (cochleato?) margine ex- teriore sinuato.— Inga bigemina, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beechey, pt 182P - bigemino affine. Flores in capitulo 15-20. Le- &vminis valvulæ pollicem latæ.—China, near Macao, Beechey. 208 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 28. P. lobatum, glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-3-jugis amplis ovali-oblongis v. ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis glaber- rimis, glandula parva prope basin petioli, floribus puberulis in capitulo 2-3-nis sessilibus, ealyce corolla dimidio breviore 5-dentato, legumine cochleato margine exteriore inter semina profunde lobato.— Mimosa Jiringa, Jack ex Hook. Bot. Misc. l, p. 282. M. Dyiringa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. M. Keringa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2, p. 543. Inga lobata, Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 5280.—Arbor elata. Foliola 4-6 poll. longa, penni- nervia, infima cujusve pinnze multo minora. Panicula depau- perata, ramis pedunculisque minus quàm in affinibus supra- positis. Legumen ultra medium transverse divisum, lobis orbiculatis crassis 1-2 poll. diametro. Semina orbiculata, intra pulpam edulem nidulantia.—Burma territory, Wallich. 29. P. fasciculatum, ramulis petiolisque adultis glabris, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-3-jugis amplis ovali-oblongis gla- berrimis, glandula magna obscura ad basin petioli, floribus in capitulis 3-5-nis sessilibus v. rarius solitariis adpresse pu- bescentibus, calyce corolla dimidio breviore, legumine latis- simo cochleato margine integro.—Inga Jiringa, Wall. Cat. n. 5268.—Arbor parva. Ramuli subangulati. Foliola 6-8 poll longa. Panicula ampla ramis pedunculatis insigniter superposite fasciculatis. Leguminis valvule sesquipollicem late. Semina ovata.—Penang and Singapore, Wallich. The specimens of this and some allied species are in some mea- sure mixed in the E. Indian herbarium. ** Pinnis bi-v. sepius pluri-jugis, foliolis plurijugis, ovario sepissime villoso. 30. P. angulatum, ramis petiolisque novellis fusco-pubes- centibus demum glabratis, pinnis 2-4-jugis, foliolis pinnarum inferiorum 2-3-jugis ovato, rhombeis acuminatis, superiorum 4-8-jugis ovali-oblongis acuminatis, glandula magna ad basin petioli, capitulis paucifloris, floribus pedicellatis tomentellis, calyce 5-dentato corolla infundibuliformi subquadruplo bre- viore, leguminibus cochleatis inter semina subcontractis.— —— - NOTES ON MIMOSE. 209 Inga acutangula, Grah. in Wall. Cat. n. 5271. Mimosa hete- rophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2, p. 545.—P. clypearie affine. Pin- ne sepius bijuge, foliola multo majora, superiora 3-4-polli- caria, Calyce proportione minores.—Sillet, Bengal and Pe- nang, Wallich. 31. P. clypearia, ramulis petiolisque acutangulis novellis pubescentibus demum glabris, pinnis 4-6-jugis, foliolis pin- narum inferiorum 3-6-jugis, superiorum 10-12-jugis plerisque trapezoideo-ovatis obtusis acutisve, glandula ad basin petioli, capitulis paucifloris, floribus breviter pedicellatis tomentellis, calyce corolla infundibuliformi triplo breviore, leguminibus cochleatis extus sinuatis.—Inga dimidiata, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 181. Mimosa trapezifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2, p. 546. Inga clypearia, Jack, Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 5270, litt. 4 et B.—Arbor elata. Ramulorum anguli scepe fere alati. Fo- liola infima vix pollicaria, superiora 14 v. fere 2 poll. longa, lateralia valde ineequilatera, terminalia fere ovata et vix obli- qua, omnia penninervia. Panicule rami angulati. Pedicelli singuli lineam fere longi. Corolla 2 lin. longa. Legumen bis terve cochleatum.— Sumatra, Marsden; China (near Ma- cao), Millet, Beechey. Jack's synonym is given after Wallich; his description also agrees with the specimens, except that he says the pe- tole or rhachis is eglandular, whereas I have always found glands on all the Pithecolobia of this section. Blanco’s Mimosa scutifera, var. Casai, Malacamonsili, v. Alobahai (Fl. Filip. p. 736), appears to be this species also, although no specimens of it were brought from the Philippine Islands by Cuming. 32. P. montanum (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque angulatis fusco-pubescentibus, pinnis 7-10-jugis, foliolis pinnarum su- Periorum 12-20-jugis oblique ovato-oblongis falcatis acutius- culis subtus tomentellis, glandula magna ad basin petioli, capitulis paucifloris, floribus pedicellatis tomentellis, calyce »-dentato corolla infundibuliformi triplo breviore, legumine Cochleato extus sinuato.—Inga montana, Spanoghe in Herb. 210 NOTES ON MIMOSE. Hook.—Hoc etiam P. clypearie affine est. Foliola multo numerosiora, pleraque 6 lin. longa, 2-3 lin. lata, fere quadr- angula costa diagonali.—Java, Spanoghe, Hoffmansegg. 33. P. contortum (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 115), ramulis petiolisque subteretibus fusco-tomentosis, pinnis 5-6-jugis, foliolis pinnarum superiorum 12-20-jugis oblique ovato ob- longis obtusis subtus tomentellis, glandula ad basin petioli, capitulis 3-4-floris floribus sessilibus tenuissime tomentellis, calyce corolla subcampanulata triplo breviore, ovario gla- briusculo, legumine cochleato extus sinuato.—4nga contorta, Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 5283, 4.—Arbor. Foliola 6-9 lin. longa, valde ineequilatera. Glandule scutelleformes. Pa- nicula multo minor et densior quàm in P. elypearia. Corolla 1j lin. longa, limbo amplo. Legumen bis terve cochleatum. — Penang and Singapore, Wallich, etc. 34. P. subacutum (sp. n ) ramulis petiolisque subteretibus, novellis fusco-tomentosis, pinnis 5-7-jugis, foliolis pinnarum superiorum 15-20-jugis oblique trapezoideo-ovatis acutis acuminatisve subtus puberulis, glandula prope basin petioli, capitulis paucifloris, floribus subsessilibus tomentosis, calyce corolla dimidio breviore.—P. contorto habitu affine. Foliola minora, in acumen semper producta, siccitate nigricantia. Flores majores quàm in P. contorto. Calycis dentes breves, acuti, patentes. Corolla 3 lin. longa. Legumen non vidi. — Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 502. Secr. V. Carnormion. Inermia. Folia Clypearie. Pedun- culi in axillis v. in panicula solitarii, rarius sub-fasciculati. — Legumen moniliforme, rectum v. cochleato-contortum.—Spe —— cies Polynesicæ, The species I have here collected together are but little — known, and I do not clearly understand the description given E. of the pod of P. moniliforme and scutiferum. That of P.prui- — nosum is somewhat similar to that of P. lobatum, but smaller. Probably in the three species the exterior margin is as in P. lobatum, deeply indented. If it be so also in the two others (where it is unknown), the section Cathormion will NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 211 differ from Clypearia only in the inflorescence, which is that of the small-flowered Albizzias. * Floribus in capitulo numerosis pedicellatis. 35. P. moniliferum, ramulis foliisque junioribus tomentel- lis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 5-7-jugis oblique ovali-oblongis obtusis inzequilateris subincurvis, glandula in medio petiolo, floribus glabriusculis, calyce corolla triplo breviore, ovario sessili puberulo, legumine recto moniliformi.—Inga monili- Jera, DC. Decaisne, Herb. Tim. Descr. p. 131.—Timor, Herb. Par. Y have only seen it in flower. 36. P. pruinosum, ramulis petiolisque minute pruinoso-pu- berulis, pinnis irregulariter bijugis, foliolis inzequaliter 3-4- jugis plerisque alternis oblongis subrhombeisve, pedunculis hinc inde suprapositis paucis, floribus pubescentibus, calyce corolla triplo breviore, legumine cochleato margine exteriore profunde sinuato.—Acacia pruinosa et A. sapindoides, A. Cunn. MS.—Folia valde irregularia quoad formam magnitudinem et dispositionem tam pinnarum quam foliolorum. Foliola sæ- pius remota, majora 2-3-pollicaria, glabra. Flores in capitulo numerosi, parvi, pedicellis fere 2 lin. longis.—An hujus sec- tionis? an Clypearie species $—New Holland, Moreton Bay, Liverpool Plains, and Brisbane River, A. Cunningham. ** Floribus in capitulo 2-3-nis subsessilibus. 37. P. scutiferum, glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-3- jugis oblongo-ellipticis v. ovali-oblongis acuminatis glaberri- mis, glandula parva prope basin petioli, calyce minute dentato Corolla subtriplo breviore, ovario subsessili glabro.—Mimosa sculifera, Blanco, Fl. Filip. p. 735, excl. var. Casai, etc.— Affine P. Jobato. Foliola 4-6-pollicaria, supra nitida. Pa- nicule rami et pedunculi pauci. Flores interdum solitarii. Corolla late tubuloso-campanulata. Legumen, quod ipse non vidi, teste Blanco magnum est, longissimum, fere ad suturam lobatum in segmenta alternatim ad utrumque latus dejecta.— > hilippine Islands, Cuming, n. 475. Mountains of Bavang, i 25 212 NOTES ON MIMOSE&. 38. P. pauciflorum (sp. n.), glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis sub-bijugis ovatis oblongisve obtuse acuminatis glaberrimis, glandula in medio petiolo, calyce corolla quadruplo breviore, ovario stipitato glabro.— P. scutifero quodammodo simile, sed foliola vix 2-3-pollicaria et ovarium stipitatum. Corolle latiuscule campanulate, basi attenuate, 2 lin. longae.— Phil- lippine Islands, Cuming, n. 1854. 39. P.? laxiflorum, glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-3- jugis ovali-oblongis obtuse acuminatis glabriusculis, glandula in medio petiolo, calyce corolla dimidio breviore.—Acacia laxiflora, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 455.—Timor, Paris Herbarium. The pod is unknown, but from the general habit of the plant — it appears to be allied to the others of this section. Secr. VI. CaunANTHON. Inermes, Stipule obsolete v. deciduz, rarius persistentes, lanceolate. Pinnæ 1-rarius 2- juge. Foliola uni-pluri-juga, seepius paucijuga, interdum soli- taria. Glandule inter pinnas et foliola rarius obsolete, petiolares nulle. Pedunculi monocephali v. monostachyi, breves, in ramulis annotinis fasciculati. Legumen rectum, falcatum v. contortum, plano-compressum, coriaceum, sub- bivalve, marginibus leviter incrassatis, intus tenuiter pulpo- sum. Semina exarillata.—Species omnes American. The peculiar inflorescence of this section is not to be met with in any of the allied genera except in some Inge, which these plants resemble also in the form of the flower, but ay us readily known, even without the pod, by their leaves, which are doubly, not singly pinnate. ** Foliolis cujusve pinne 1-3-nis. 40. P. unifoliolatum (sp. n., glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis solitariis ovali.ellipticis oblongisve obtusissime acu- minatis, pedunculis brevissimis, capitulis globosis 12-15- floris, floribus sessilibus glabris, calyce minuto corolla mul- toties breviore, ovario sessili glabro.—Species foliis distinc- tissima. Petioli communes 1 lin. longi, apice petiolos NOTES ON MIMOSEX. 213 partiales ferunt duo, 1 lin. longos. Foliola in petiolis par- tialibus solitaria, 2-3-pollicaria, coriacea. Flores 3 lin. longi. . Staminum tubus longe exsertus.— Brazil, Langsdorff. 41. P. ligustrinum, glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-3 ob- longo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi dimidiatis, pedunculis elon- gato-spiciferis à basi floriferis, calyce corolla glabra infundi- buliformi vix triplo breviore, staminum tubo breviter exserto. —Mimosa ligustrina, Vahl. Ecl. 3. p. 34. t. 27. non Jacq. Inga Vahliana, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 438. Inga falciformis, DC. Prodr, 2, p. 438. Inga longifolia, Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1010.—Foliola 3-6 poll. longa. Legumen com- planatum.—New Granada: Santa Martha, Rohr., Bertero. The above-quoted synonyms are in some measure doubtful, but there is every reason to believe that they all refer to one Species. 42. P. divaricatum, (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque glabrius- culis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-3 oblongo-lanceolatis acumi- natis basi dimidiatis glabris, capitulis laxis paucifloris, calyce corolla glabra subinfundibuliformi triplo breviore, staminum tubo breviter exserto, ovario sessili glabro.— Foliola 3-5-pol- licaria. Pedunculi graciles semipollicares, breviter racemosi. Capitula parva, subglobosa. Corolle 2 lin. v. vix longiores. —Brazil, Langsdorff. 43. P. cataracte, glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 3 oblique lanceolato-oblongis acuminatis basi dimidiato-rotundatis mem- branaceis, pedunculis brevibus, legumine compresso-compla- nato lineari acuminato.—Inga cataracte, Humb. et Kunth. NOV. gen. et sp. 6, p. 297.— On the cataract of Javariveni, near Atures, Humboldt and Bonpland. Unknown to me except from Kunth’s description, probably very near to, if not the Same as the following : 44. P. glomeratum, glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 3 9vato- v. oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis coriaceis, capitulis multifloris sessilibus v, brevissime pedunculatis, corolla tu- ` bulosa glabra calyce brevissimo multoties longiore, staminum tubo subexserto, ovario sessili glabro.—Inga glomerata, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 438.—Foliola parum obliqua, penninervia, 3-5- pollicaria.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 471 in part and 214 NOTES ON MIMOSEZ. n. 70 of 1841; French Guiana; Surinam, Hostmann, n. 149. ** Pinnis plerisque v. omnibus 5-pluri-foliolatis. 45. P. latifolium, glabrum, stipulis persistentibus lanceo- latis acuminatis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis quinis rarius ternis inferioribus alternis eequilateris, extimis oppositis basi dimi- diatis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis, florum capitulis laxis. sessilibus pedunculatisque, corollis tubulosis minute puberu- lis calyce multoties longioribus, staminum tubo exserto.— Inga latifolia, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1020.—Foliola 3-4 polli- earia, latiora quàm in affinibus.—West Indies: St. Vincent's, Guilding. 46. P. Selloi, (sp. n.), glabrum, stipulis minutis, pinnis uni- jugis, foliolis ternis quinisve remotis oblongis v. ovato-lanceola- tis acuminatis basi dimidiato-angustatis, pedunculis supra me- dium laxe spiciferis, calyce parvo truncato corolla glabra elon- gata multoties breviore, staminum tubo subexserto, ovario sessili glabro.— Folia et habitus fere P. Jatifolii. Stipule cito deciduze. Glandula subobsoletze. ^ Pedunculi 1-15-po'- licares. Flores 10-20, supra medium pedunculi interrupti. Corolla fere 6 lin. longa, striata.— Brasil, Sello. 47. P. lasiopus (Benth. in Hook. Journ. 2, p. 141), ra- mulis petiolisque pubescentibus v. demum glabratis, stipulis minutis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-3-jugis inzequalibus ovali- oblongis obtuse acuminatis extimis basi obliquis glabris v. ad venas rarius puberulis, capitulis laxis breviter pedunculatis sessilibusve, floribus pubescentibus, calyce corolla tubulosa multoties breviore, staminum tubo exserto.—Foliola magnitu- dine varia, semper tamen minora et angustiora quàm in P. latifolio.—Demerara, Parker; British Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 487, and n. 158 and 188 of 1841; Surinam, Hostmann, n. 174, 261 and 1173. 48. P. cauliflorum, (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 116), T^ mulis petiolisque pubescentibus, stipulis persistentibus lato- lanceolatis acutis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-4-jugis ovatis ; obovatisve basi equalibus v. extimis dimidiato-angustatis - subtus pubescentibus, capitulis laxis sessilibus v. breviter ; pedunculatis, floribus minute puberulis, calyce corolla tubu- NOTES ON MIMOSEJXE. 215 losa rhultoties breviore, staminum tubo exserto.—Inga cau- liflora, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1021.—Foliola pleraque 2-21 polli- caria. Flores quàm in precedentibus minores.— Tropical Brazil, Martius, Sello, Langsdorff, &c. Mimosa glomerata, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 43, if not the same species as the last, is closely allied to it. 49. P. glabratum (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 116), glabrum, stipulis parvis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-4-jugis oblique ob- longo-lanceolatis v. obovato-oblongis obtusis, capitulis pauci- floris laxis breviter pedunculatis, floribus vix puberulis, calyce corolla tubulosa multoties breviore, staminum tubo exserto. Foliola uni- v. vix bi-pollicaria, minus quàm in pre- cedentibus nigrescunt. Flores minores numerosi.— Tropical Brazil, Pohi, Claussen, Martius, n. 1029; Utinga, in the Province of Bahia, Blanchet, n. 2764, the latter a somewhat broader leaved form. 50. P. ramiflorum (sp. n.), glabrum v. junius tenuiter pu- berulum, stipulis obsoletis, pinnis inzequaliter bijugis, foliolis pinnarum superiorum 5-7-jugis oblique oblongo-rhombeis acuminatis coriaceis nitidis, spicis brevibus subsessilibus, floribus puberulis, calyce corolla subtriplo breviore, staminum tubo incluso, ovario sessili glabro.—Inga ramiflora, Bongard, MS.— Foliola ultima 3-pollicaria, longe acuminata, inferiora Sradatim multo minora. Flores vix 3 lin. longi, staminibus neglectis.—Borba, in Brazil, Langsdorff. SEcr. VII. Samanea. Arbores inermes. Stipule incon- Spicue. Pinnze et foliola multijuga, rarius paucijuga. Inflo- rescentia axillaris v. paniculata. Legumen rectiusculum v. arcuatum nec cochleatum, valvulis planis coriaceis non Contortis. Semina exarillata.' In foliage and flowers, the species of this section scarcely differ from Abaremotemon, especially those of the first group, which have the same inflorescence. The leaflets and pinne | are usually more numerous and smaller. The pod is very different, coming in some instances near to that of the flat fruited Inge, from which however they are at once known by the bipinnate foliage. B : 916 NOTES ON MIMOSE. § 1. Aaillares. Pedunculi axillares solitarii v. fasciculati, v. ultimi rarius brevissime racemosi. Capitula majuscula, nunc maxima. Legumen in plerisque (an in omnibus?) dehiscens. * * Glandulis jugalibus, petiolari nulla. 51. P. Saman, ramulis petiolisque junioribus pubescenti- bus, pinnis 4-6-jugis, foliolis pinnarum inferiorum 2-3-jugis superiorum 6-8-jugis ovato-oblongis supra glabris subts pu- - bescentibus, legumine plano utraque sutura canaliculata.— Inga Saman, Willd. Spec. 4. p. 1024.—Species mihi ignota, a sequentibus distincta videtur presertim foliolis superiori- bus usque ad 3 poll. longis, inferioribus semipollicaribus. Glandule inter pinnas urceolate, crasse, inter foliola parvæ. Caraccas, Jacquin; Jamaica, De Candolle. 52. P. cinereum, ramulis petiolisque cinereo-pubescenti- bus, pinnis bijugis, foliolis 5-7-jugis oblique ovatis supra glabris subtus pubescentibus reticulatis, pedunculis axilla- ribus, capitulis globosis, floribus tomentosis, calyce corolla duplo longiore, ovario subsessili glabro.— Inga cinerea, Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. 6, p. 304.—Arbor maxima. Foliola — summa sesquipollicaria, infima semipollicaria. Glandule inter pinnas cupuliformes. Corolla 4 lin. longa, rubra. Sta- mina circa 20. Legumen ignotum. Species à me non visa, | P. Saman affinis videtur.—Caraccas, Humboldt and Bonm- — pland. x 53. P. salutare, ramulis petiolisque tomentosis, pinnis t jugis, foliolis 6-9-jugis subrhomboideo-ovatis membranaceis reticulatis supra glabris subtus molliter pubescentibus, pe dunculis axillaribus, capitulis globosis, floribus tomentosis . corolla calyce duplo longiore, ovario subsessili glabro, legu: — mine subtoruloso.—Jnga salutaris, Humb. et Kunth, Nov. : Gen. 6. p, 304.— Differt ex Kunth à P. cinereo, cui simil- limum, pinnarum numero, foliolorum forma, floribus ma- joribus (corolla 5-lin. longa), et staminibus circa 40. Legumen 6-8-pollicare, bivalve, valvis melliferis, melli acerbo.— Between. Turbaco and Carthagena, Humboldt and Bonpland. ae 54. P. ferrugineum (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo- NOTES ON MIMOSE.E. 217 tomentosis, pinnis 2-3-jugis, foliolis 6 jugis oblique rhom- beo-obovatis oblongisve coriaceis reticulatis glabris v. subtus puberulis, pedunculis axillaribus rigidis, capitulis globosis ovoideisve, floribus ferrugineo-tomentosis, corolla calyce vix dimidio lonpiore, ovario subsessili glabro.—An P. salutaris var. Foliola rigida, 6-12 lin. longa. Glandule inter pinnas maxime scutelleeformes, inter foliola paucæ parvae. Corolle 5-53 lin. longae.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 663 of 1843. The four last species are probably very nearly allied to each other, and perhaps all varieties of one species. They are all very tall trees, of which only small and imperfect spe- cimens reach us, Kunth speaks of those which he described as meie fragments, 55. P. rhombeum (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque junioribus ferrugineo-pubescentibus, pinnis 6-3-jugis, foliolis 8-12-jugis oblique rhombeis subcoriaceis glabris v. subtus ad venas pu- berulis, pedunculis axillaribus, capitulis globosis, floribus fer- rugineo-puberulis, calyce corolla triplo breviore, ovario sessili glabro, legumine plano falcato glabro marginibus incrassatis.— Foliola fere P, trapezifolii, ultima 8-9 lin. longa, inferiora mi- hora, Costa media diagonali. Glandule parum conspicue. Flores in capitulo numerosi, sessiles. Calyx 1 lin., corolla 3 lin. longa. Legumen adest 5-pollicare, 8-9 lin. latum.— Brazil, Sello. 96. P. micradenium (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo- tomentosis, pinnis 5-8-jugis, foliolis 8-12-jugis oblique rhom- beis supra glabris subtus adpresse puberulis membranaceis, pedunculis axillaribus, floribus ferrugineo-puberulis, calyce co- rolla subtriplo breviore, ovario sessili pubescente.—P. rhombeo simile, Foliola paullo minora, tenuiora, pilis subtus ad- Pressis sparsis. Glandule minute. Habitu etiam Albizzie Julibrissin accedit sed primo intuitu costa foliolorum dia- Sonali dignoscitur. Legumen ignotum.— Dominica, Imray. 57. P. auriculatum (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo- tomentellis, pinnis 5-7 -jugis, foliolis 6-10-jugis oblique rhom- beis ad angulum interiorem sepius obtuse auriculatis utrin- que glabris supra nitidis subtus pallidis ultimis. falcato-ob- longis, pedunculis axillaribus, floribus ferrugineo-tomentellis, VOL. 111, E 218 NOTES ON MIMOSE. calyce corolla vix ter breviore, ovario sessili glabro.—Hæc etiam species P. rhombeo affinis est sed foliola et flores multo minora. Ramuli tenues. Foliola 3-5 lin. longa, venulis preter costam diagonalem vix conspicuis. Glandule pauci, parve. Pedunculi 8-10 lin. longi. Corolla 2 lin. longa. Stamina circa 15. Legumen ignotum.—Borba, on the Rio Negro, in Brazil Langsdorff. 58. P. adianthifolium, ramulis petiolisque glabris subglu- tinosis v. vix puberulis, pinnis 5-10-jugis v. in ramulis su- perioribus paucijugis, foliolis L0-25-jugis oblongis linearibusve valde obliquis hinc basi dilatatis subcoriaceis nitidis glabris, pedunculis axillaribus, floribus maximis ferrigineo-tomen- tellis, calyce corolla subtriplo breviore, legumine falcato vix tomentello.-—Inga adianthifolia, Kunth, Mim. p. 66, t. 21. Inga discolor, Humb..et Bonpl. in Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1023.— Arbor parva, glabritie et floribus magnis ab affinibus distinc- tissima. Folia variabilia quoad numerus pinnarum et forma foliolorum, que sæpius 8-10 lin. longa, 2-4 lin. lata. In om- nibus corollas vidi pollicares uti à Willdenowio descripta, nec sesqui-pollicares ut dixit Kunthius. Flores albi, staminum tubo exserto. Legumen semipedale, pollicem latum, plus minus falcatum, planum, coriaceum, marginibus incrassatis, intus tenuiter pulposum.—On the Atabapo River, Humboldt — and Bonpland; on the Essequibo, Parker, Schomburgk, n. 387 of 1843; Surinam, Hostmann, n. 1977 ; on the Amazon River, Poppig. 59. P. Martianum (sp.n.), ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo- — villosis, pinnis 7-9-jugis, foliolis 15-20-jugis oblique oblongo" — linearibus faleatis supra nitidis subtus pallidis glabris V. - ciliato-puberulis, pedunculis axillaribus, legumine elongato | arcuato plano ferrugineo-tomentoso marginibus leviter i crassatis.— Foliis P. Langsdorffii et P. incuriali simile. Le- gumen semipedale, pollicem latum, obtusum cum mucrone obliquo. Flores non vidi.—Brazil, Martius, Herb. Fl. Bras. n. 1101. 60. P. incuriale, ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo-villosis; : pinnis 6-10-jugis, foliolis 15-25-jugis oblique oblonge-linear" — bus falcatis acutiusculis supra nitidis subtus (in sicco) rufe- | NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 219 scentibus margine ciliatis ceterum glabris, pedunculis axil!a- ribus, capitulis densis, floribus ferrugineo-puberulis, calyce corolla subduplo breviore, legumine plano recto tenuissime . tomentoso marginibus leviter incrassatis.— Mimosa incurialis, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 24. Enterolobium? Tamboril, Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 117, ex Syn. Vell.—Foliola pleraque 3 lin. longa, vix lineam lata. Glandule substipitate, scutelle- formes. Pedunculi sesqui-pollicares. Corolla infundibuli- formi-tubulosa 3 lin. longa. Stamina numerosa. Ovarium sessile, glabrum. Legumen 4-5 poll. longum, 8-9 lin. latum. — Brazil (Minas Geraes?), Pohl, Sello. ** Glandula petiolari preter jugales. 61. P.? Schomburgkii, (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque ferru- gineo-tomentosis, pinnis 18-20-jugis, foliolis 50-60-jugis par- vis lineari-falcatis supra nitidis subtus ferrugineo-puberulis, glandula petiolari oblonga, floribus in capitulo sessilibus, calyce corolla dimidio breviori, ovario sessili villoso.— Foliola vix lined longiora. Pedunculi fasciculati, vix pollicares. Ca- lyces turbinato-tubulosi 1 lin. longi. Corolla vix 2 lin. longa. — Pedrero, on the Rio Negro, Schomburgk, n. 874. 62. P. pedicellare, ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo-tomen- tellis, pinnis 6-10 jugis, foliolis 20-30-jugis oblongo-lineari- bus obtusis parum obliquis supra glabriusculis subtus pu- bescentibus, glandulis petiolaribus pulvinatis sæpe geminis, floribus in capitulo pedicellatis.— Inga pedicellaris, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 441.— Folia fere P. fragrantis, Foliola 3-4 lin. longa. Pedunculi 2-3-pollicares. Pedicelli exteriores 2 lin. longi, interiores brevissimi. Corolla fere 4 lin. longa. ** Legumen ob- longum, rectum, 23-poll. longum, pollicem latam."— Cayenne, De Candolle; Brazil, Langsdorff. $ §. 2. Paniculate. Pedunculi fasciculati in paniculas termi- nales v. axillares polycephalas dispositi. Flores in capi- - tulis parvis sessiles. Legumen sepe indehiscens. 5 Glan- | dula petiolaris oblonga v. orbiculata rarissime obsoleta, jugales parvze. iecur OH 63. P. polycephalum, ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo-to- R2 | 220 NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. mentellis, pinnis 8-10-jugis, foliolis 15-25-jugis falcato-ob- longis obliquis supra nitidis subtus ferrugineis glabris pu- berulisve, floribus ferrugineo-puberulis, corolla calyce vix duplo longiore, ovario pubescente, legumine falcato plano ferrugineo-tomentoso.—Mimosa terminalis, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 30?— Petioli communes 3-4-pollicares, partiales 12-2- pollicares. Foliola 2-3 lin. longa, acuta v. seepius obtusa. Corollz vix 2 lin. longee.—-Tropical Brazil, Sello, Pohl; near Rio Janeiro, Miers; near Ilheos, Blanchet, n. 1848. 64. P. fragrans, glabrum v. panicula minute puberula, pin- nis 8-10-jugis, foliolis 30-40-jugis oblongo-linearibus falcatis obtusiusculis supra nitidis subtus pallidis, panicula foliosa, floribus glabriusculis, corolla calyce plus triplo longiore, ovario sessili glabro, legumine recto tenuissime puberulo flavicante, valvulis inter semina coalitis.—4nga fragrans, Macfad. Fl. Jam. 1. p. 309.—Foliola 3-4 lin. longa. Corolla tubulosa, vix 2 lin. longa. Legumen breviter stipitatum tripollicare, vix 6 lin. latum.—Jamaica, Macfadgen. 65. P. Berterianum, glabrum v. panicula minute puberula, pinnis 8-12-jugis, foliolis 30-50-jugis anguste linearibus fal- catis acutiusculis supra nitidis subtus pallidis, panicula foliosa, floribus glabriusculis, corolla calyce vix triplo lon- giore, ovario sessili puberulo, legumine recto tenuissime pu- berulo flavicante valvulis inter semina coalitis.—Acacia Ber- feriana, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 470. Acacia Balbisii, Spreng Syst. 3, p. 140.—P. fragranti valde affine, et forte ejus va- rietas foliolis minoribus multo angustioribus.—Haiti, EAren- berg. e. 66. P. multiflorum, glabrum v. ramulis petiolisque pube — rulis, pinnis 1-4-jugis, foliolis 6-10-jugis late v. anguste oblongo-faleatis valde obliquis basi bi-pluri-nerviis glabris ciliatisve, pedunculis in racemos axillares v. terminales pani- culatos dispositis, capitulis minimis, corolla calyce 4-5-ple longiore, ovario glabro, legumine recto plano.— Acacia mulh- flora, Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6, p. 277- Acacia subdimidiata, Splitg. Pl. Nov. Surin, p. 18.—Species forma foliolorum et inflorescentia distinctissima. Variat foliolorum consistentia et magnitudine a semipollice fere ad pollicem, - y NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 221 pube sparsa v. nulla. Racemi subsemipedales. Pedunculi sepius fasciculati breves. Capitula vix pisi magnitudinis. Corolla vix 14 lin. longa, profunde 5-fida, glabra. Stamina circa 20, semipollicaria. Legumen nonnisi junius vidi.—A tree occupying an extensive range in tropical America. I have seen specimens from Mexico, Berlandier; Guayaquil, Hinds; Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 530, 830 and n. 490 of 1843; Borba on the Rio Negro, Langsdorff ; Amazon River, Peppig; Province of Piauhy, in Brazil, Gardner, n. 2557 ; Utinga in the Province of Bahia, Blanchet, n. 2756; South Brazil, Tweedie. Humboldt and Bonpland gathered it in New Grenada. $3. Corymbose. Pedunculi ad apices ramulorum corymbosi v. infimi axillares. Legumen indehiscens? Glandule om- nes jugales. 67. P. corymbosum, (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo- tomentelis v. demum glabratis, pinnis 2-4-jugis, foliolis 8-12 jugis oblongis valde obliquis subrhombeisve venosis supra nitidis subtus pallidis glabris v. vix puberulis, floribus in capitulo longe pedicellatis, legumine recto transverse ri- moso.— Ramuli dense foliati. Foliola 6-9 lin. longa, 2-4 lin. lata, Corymbus foliis brevior. Flores in capitulo numerosi. Pedicelli graciles, 1-3 lin. longi. Legumen, quod nonnisi im- perfectum vidi, in articulos recedere videtur.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 114 of 1841; Cayenne, Martin; Surinam, Hostmann, n 214, 262, and 1190; Borba on the Rio Negro, Langsdorff. In some specimens, the flowers are transformed into folia- Ț ceous bracts, disposed in doubly or trebly branched umbells. 68. P.? comosum, pinnis trijugis, foliolis 9-10-jugis ovali- bus basi retusis, floribus paniculato-corymbosis, leguminibus acinaciformibus.— Inga comosa, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1026.—Un- known to me; perhaps rather an Enterolobium.—Mountains — — of North Jamaica, Swartz. Secr. VIII. CuLonoLEUcoN. Spine hinc inde axillares, rectæ, solitariee v, gemine. Stipule in gemmis fusco-mem- + 922 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. branaceæ, in ramulis decidue v. obsolete. Pinne et foliola, plurijuga v. sepius multijuga. Glandula prope basin petioli, et jugales inter pinnas v. foliola suprema. Pedunculi axil- lares, solitarii v. gemini. Capitula subglobosa. Flores ses- siles, tubulosi, glaberrimi, v. vix ciliis paucis ad orem caly- cis. Ovarium sessile, glabrum. Legumen crasso-compres- sum, faleatum, valvulis coriaceo-carnosis, intus transverse septatum. Semina exarillata. Species Americana. Even without the spines, the small light-green folioles, and the smooth, almost shining slender flowers, give a pecu- liar habit to the species of this section, of which the essential character appears to reside in the thick fleshy pod. The spines, when present, appear to be formed of abortive pe- duncles. 69. P. tortum (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 114), glaberrimum, pinnis 3-4-jugis, foliolis 5-9-jugis oblique obovato-oblongis plurinerviis, calyce truncato ore nudo corolla ter breviore. — Frutex biorgyalis, ramulis flexuosis. Foliola 4-6 lin. longa. Corolle 3 lin. longe, graciles, in capitulo numerose.—Dry hot situations in the province of Bahia, Martius, Sello. 70. P. Vincentis (sp. n.), ramulis glabriusculis, petiolis pu- berulis, pinnis 3-4-jugis, foliolis 5-9-jugis oblique oblongis plurinerviis supra glabris subtus piloso-pubescentibus, calyce 4-5-dentato ore nudo corolla dimidio breviore.—P. torto valde affine, et forte varietas. Foliola paullo minora, subtus constanter villosula. Flores paullo minores, ealycibus propor- tione longioribus, Isle of St. Vincent's, Guilding. 71. P. fenuiflorum (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque velutino- pubescentibus, pinnis 3-4-jugis, foliolis 5-9-jugis oblique ob- longis plurinerviis utrinque piloso-pubescentibus, calyce mi- nute dentato apice pilosulo corolla glabra triplo breviore.— Hec etiam species vix nisi villositate a P. torto differt. Fo- liola parum angustiora. Flores tenuiores.— Brazil, Pohl; near Jaquara, Langsdorff. 72. P. Mathewsi (sp. n., ramulis petiolisque pubescenti- bus, pinnis 5-8-jugis, foliolis 15-20-jugis oblique oblongis vix trinerviis supra glabris subtus pubescentibus, calyce trun- ~ NOTES ON MIMOSEZ. 223 cato corolla triplo breviore. Affine P. dumoso.—Glandule oblonge erectz. Foliola 2-3 lin. longa. Pedunculi semi- pollicares. Flores P. torti—Mozabamba in Peru, Mathews. 73. P. dumosum (sp. n.), ramulis petiolis foliisque juniori- bus ferrugineo-tomentosis, pinnis 3-4-jugis, foliolis 9-16-jugis oblique oblongis subtrinerviis minute et sparse pubescenti- bus, calyce truncato ore pilosulo corolla triplo breviore.— Frutex 10-pedalis, ramulis ut in P. forto flexuosis verrucu- losis. Tomentum in partibus junioribus aureo-ferrugineum. Stipule lanceolate, cito deciduæ, basi persistente tuberculi- formi. Foliola 2-3 lin. longa. Glandule parvee, scutelle- formes. Pedunculi vix semipollicares. Flores P. torti sed minores.—Dry barren places, near Barra do Jardim, in Piauhy, Gardner, n. 1746. /4. P. parvifolium, ramulis novellis petiolisque pubescenti- bus, pinnis 5-9-jugis, foliolis 10-25-jugis oblongis linearibusve sub-binerviis glabris ciliolatis, calyce dentato corolla duplo breviore.— Acacia parvifolia, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1086, DC. Prodr. 2, p.462. Inga Marthe, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 441.—Fo- liola subimbricata, vix 2 lin. longa.— Sandy situations, near the sea, in J amaica, and other West Indian islands. 75. P. foliolosum (sp. n.), ramulis glabris v. novellis petio- lisque pubescentibus, pinnis 7-8-jugis, foliolis multijugis minimis imbricatis oblique oblongis 2-3-neryiis pilosulis, calyce truncato corolla ter breviore.—Foliola quàm in P. par- vifolio minora, numerosiora. Flores minores.— Banks of the Capibamba in Pernambuco, Gardner; Villa do Barra, Blan- chet, n. 3136. - XXVI. ExTEROLOBIUM, Martius. Flos Pithecolobii sectionis Samanee. Legumen breve, in- curvato-reniforme, crasso-coriaceum, compressum, indehis- cens, intus carnosum, endocarpio pergameno, transverse sep- tatum. Seminum funiculus filiformis. Arbores Americana habitu Pithecolobiorum sectionis Samanee. Foliola demum sæpius coriacea, insigniter venosa. Pedunculi solitarii v subfasciculati, axillares v. superiores in racemum brevem dis- 224 NOTES ON MIMOSE. positi. Capitula exacte globosa. Calyx laxior et corolle limbus proportione tubi major quàm in Pithecolobiis pleris- que. Ovarium sessile. Had this genus not already been established by Martius, Ishould have been much disposed to consider it but as a section of Pithecolobium, from which it only differs in the pod. 1. E. Timboüva (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 128), glabrum v. partibus novellis pubescentibus glaucescens, pinnis 2-5- jugis, foliolis 10-20-jugis falcato-oblongis dimidiatis mucro- nato-acutis basi valde obliquis 2-3-nerviis venosis, glandula petiolari pulvinata v. obscura, floribus apice puberulis, calyce membranaceo 5-dentato corolla duplo breviore.— Mimosa contortisiliqua, Vell. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 25, Enterolobium glau- cescens, Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 117.— Formas vidi pluri- mas satis diversas sed characteribus certis distinguere nequeo. Foliola nunc pollicaria demum coriacea supra siccitate nigri- cantia, venis conspicuis paginaque inferiore glauco-pallidis, nunc dimidio minora utrinque glauca, minus venosa. Costa media lateri superiori approximata.—Brazil ; common near Crato in Ceara, Gardner, n. 1579; Utinga, in Bahia, Blan- chet, n. 2762; Cuyaba, Martius, Langsdorff; on the Rio San Francisco, Claussen; on the Uruguay, Tweedie ; also in Jamaica, Herb, Banks. 2. E. ? Blancheti (sp. n.), ramulis petiolisque vix minute pu- berulis, pinnis 2-4-jugis, foliolis 8-12-jugis oblique subrhom- beo-oblongis obtusis mucronatis inzequilateris glabris, glandula petiolari parva v. nulla jugalibus nullis, capitulis paucifloris, floribus pedicellatis, calyce glabro truncato corolla cano- tomentella dimidio breviore.— Habitu et foliis Pithecolobio - corymboso accedit, sed flores potius Enterolobii. Fructus ignotus.—Serra Acurua, in Bahia, Blanchet, n. 2776. 3. E.? ellipticum (sp. n.), glabrum, pinnis 1-2-rarius NS jugis, foliolis 4-6-jugis oblongo-v. ovali-ellipticis obtusis sub- eequilateris basi obliquis coriaceis venosis, glandula petiolari immersa jugalibus parvis, capitulis multifloris, floribus sub- — sessilibus vix minute puberulis, calyce breviter dentato NOTES ON MIMOSEA. 225 corolla dimidio breviore.—Folia rigida. Pinne distantes. Foliola 1-1i-pollicaria. Flores fere E. Timboure.—Pernam- buco, Gardner, n. 2834; Rio San Francisco, Claussen; also in Pohl, Sello, and Langsdorff's collections. 4. E. Mongollo (Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 117).— Mimosa Mongollo, Vell. Fl. Flum. 2, t. 26.—Referred here on the au- thority of Martius. Velloso’s figure has some resemblance to my Pithecolobium foliolosum. XXVII. SERIANTHES. Calyx ample campanulatus 5-fidus. Corolla 5-partita la- ciniis basi tubo stamineo adnatis. Stamina monadélpha humerosissima, Legumen oblongum v. ovatum compres- sum lignosum indehiscens.—Species unica Asiatica et Po- lynesica, l. S. grandiftora.—Inga grandiflora, Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 5285. Acacia myriadenia, Guillem. Zeph. Tait. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Par. Ser. 2, v. 7, p. 359.—A rbor inermis, ramulis petiolis pedunculisque minute ferrugineo-tomentellis. Stipule obso- lete. Folia bipinnata ampla petiolo communi semipedali ad pedalem, pinnis 6-8 jugis 3-6 poll. longis, foliolis 15-20- jugis plerisque alternis oblique trapezoideo-oblongis obtusis Tetusisve subfalcatis basi valde ineequilateris 5-9 lin. longis Supra glabris subtus pallidis glabris v. pilosiusculis, basi l-3-nerviis reticulato-venosis. Glandula elevata infra me- dium petioli, et jugales inter pinnas plerasque et foliola su- Prema. Pedunculi axillares subramosi 3-7-flori foliis multo breviores. Bracteæ in speciminibus desunt. Flores inter Mimoseas maximi breviter pedicellati. Calyces 6-8 lin. longi, late campanulati crassiusculi extus uti pedicelli dense to- mentosi, intus glabri, lobis ovatis acutis. Petala longe lan- Ceolata acuta fere sesquipollicaria, basi inter se et cum sta- - minum tubo connata dein libera, apice patentia, acuta, Crassiuseula, extus dense sericeo-tomentosa, intus. glabra. Staminum tubus calyce brevior, filamenta numerosissima (ultra 500) corolla duplo longiora. Antherae minutissime. varium sessile glabrum. Stylus filiformis staminibus VOL. rm. s 226 EXOTHEA OBLONGIFOLIA, OR longior. Legumen 4-6 poll. longum 2-23 poll. latum, sepe sub-bullatum, fibroso-lignosum, suturis leviter incrassatis, valvulis inter semina arcte connatis. Semina transversa ob- longa.—Singapore, Wallich; Otaheite, Bertero, Hinds ; Phi- lippine Islands, Cuming. 7 This genus concludes the bipinnate Mimosee. There re- main only the two simply pinnate genera, Inga and Affonsea, There are, it is true, several published species which I have not taken up, but which are unknown to me and too im- perfectly described to enable me to guess at the genera to which they should be referred. These neglected species are, however, not so numerous as stated by Walpers, for many of those enumerated by him (Repert. 1, p. 922), as ** species à Benthamio omnino neglecte,” will be found to have been quoted even in his copy of my Memoir either as substantive species or synonyms. (To be continued). Some account of EXOTHEA OBLONGIFOLIA, of Dr. Macfadyen; (Hypelate oblongifolia, Hoox.), by W. J. H. (Tas. VIL) Among a collection of plants made in the West Indies by Mr. Lane, Surgeon, R.N., and communicated to me by W. Brown, Esq. of Edinburgh, is one from Jamaica, which I was not long in determining to be the same with the Exothea oblongifolia, Macfadyen, in his Flora of Jamaica, first detected by that gentleman on the Port Royal Mountains. Its general resemblance to Amyris induced Dr. Macfadyen to refer the plant to Terebinthacee, and not finding any ge- nus to agree with it of that family, he naturally considered it a new one, and constituted of it the genus Evothea (from eiw0ew, to expel, being separated, as it were, from the other Terebinthacee, or Amyridee, by the absence of the pellucid glands). I think, however, on a careful investigation, it will HYPELATE PANICULATA. 227 be found to belong to Sapindacee rather than to Terebin- thacee, and that it will quite accord with that group of the genus Melicocca, Juss. and De Candolle, to which the name of Spherococca has been given, but which has been, by Cambassédes, and as it would appear correctly, united with Hypelate, P. Browne. Indeed, it bears the closest affinity to Melicocea (Hypelate) paniculata of Juss. in Mém. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. 3, p. 187, tab. 5; differing in little more, as appears from my solitary specimen and from description, than the shape of the leaflets,—in paniculata being acute at the apex, and very obtuse at the base, while the reverse is the case with our oblongifolia,—and in the respective number of stamens. I shall give a specific character to this plant, and take the description from Dr. Macfadyen, who had the opportunity of seeing more perfect specimens, for the fruit is unknown to me. HypELATE PANICULATA. Foliis bijugis magnis, foliolis oppositis brevissime petiolu- latis basi acutis apice obtusissimis seepe emarginatis, pani- culis terminalibus axillaribusque, floribus pubescentibus 8-an- dris. (Tas. VII, under Exothea). Exothea oblongifolia, Macfad. Fl. of Jamaica, p. 232. Has. Jamaica; Port-Royal Mountains; road to Friendship House, St. David's, Dr. Macfadyen ; Northern side of the island, Mr. Lane. Description. “A tree about 15 feet in height. Branches erect, terete, glabrous, rimoso-punctulated. Leaves alter- nate, equally pinnated. Leaflets, 2- rarely 3-paired, subses- sile 2-3 (3-5) inches long and 1(-13) broad, oblong, obtuse or subemarginate at the apex, entire, obscurely veined, shining above, glabrous, except the midrib which is minutely pu us beneath, thin, membranaceous, impunctate. Petiole subtriquetrous, striated, glabrous, 2 inches in length. $ti- Pules none. Panicle terminal (and axillary), sessile (or pe- dunculate), composed of many branches. Branches sub- s2 298 A NEW ELZODENDRON. divided, compressed, angulose, aureo-pubescent, as also the pedicels which are very short. Flowers numerous, white, fragrant, resembling in appearance as well as in smell, those of the Hawthorn of Europe. Bracteas at the subdivisions of the panicle, minute, ovate, acute. Estivation imbricated. Calyx 5-partite, externally puberulous ; divisions rotundato- ovate. Petals 5, roundish, shortly clawed, alternating with, and somewhat smaller than, the divisions of the calyx. Sta- mens 7, more usually 8, irregularly inserted between the lobes of an annular, fleshy, red, puberulous disk. Filaments somewhat longer than the calyx. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Ovary conical, villous, seated on the disk. Style short. Stigma obtuse. Drupe the size of a small cherry, with the rind glandulose, of a deep purple-colour, 1-pyrene. Nut large, chartaceous, l-seeded. Radicle superior, curved, the size of that of the common pea. Cotyledons fleshy.—This is a hand- some tree. Only some of the trees bear fruit. The flowers would therefore appear to be polygamous. The fertile ones; however, are furnished with stamens and pistil; in the bar- ren, the latter must be imperfect.” In Melicocca the flowers are racemose, with the racemes spiciform, and the seed is erect with a fleshy arillus. In Hypelate, as defined by Cambassédes, the flowers are glo- merate or paniculate, the seed pendent, destitute of arillus. Tas. VII. Hypelate (Exothea, Macf.) oblongifolia. Fig. 1, flower-bud; f. 2, front, and f. 3, back view of a flower; J. 4, petal; f. 5, stamen ; f. 6, pistil; magnified. Md Some account of a new ELÆODENDRON from New Zealand, by J. D. Hooxzn, M.D., R.N. F.L.S. (Tas. VIII). There is a low, straggling, rigid shrub, with generally sub- orbicular leaves, growing in the northern island of New Zealand, which has struck the attention of botanists, but which, for want of flower and fruit, myself and others were — A NEW ELZODENDRON. 229 long quite unable to determine. At length, among some plants sent to my father by Mr. Colenso, and also by Mr. Pascoe, we detected excessively minute, solitary, axillary flowers, scarcely so big as a small pin's head, and upon another spe- cimen some fruit. A careful examination of these has led me to refer the plant to Celastrinee and to the genus El@o- dendron. It is no less remarkable for the small size of the flowers than for the variable form of its leaves; so variable, that did we not occasionally see the several kinds upon one and the same branch, it would be difficult to believe they could belong to the same species. ELZODENDRON MICRANTHUM. Humile, ramis rigidis tortuosis, foliis brevi-petiolatis sub- orbicularibus sinuato-crenatis nunc obovatis oblongisve pin- natifidis vel etiam linearibus bipinnatifidis, floribus minu- tissimis solitariis axillaribus brevi-pedunculatis, pedunculis folio multo brevioribus, floribus polygamis 5-fidis, drupis 3-spermis. (Tas. VIII). | Han. Mountains near the Waikare Lake, Northern Island, Mr. Colenso. Gulf of Shouraki, Mr. Pascoe. Interior of the Northern Island, Mr. Bidwill. Dzscmierrow. Frutex humilis, ramis rigidis tortuosis, attenuatis, cortice cinereo vel cinereo-fusco tectis, glabris, junioribus subpubescentibus. Folia plerumque semi-unciam longa, alterna, rotundata, fere orbicularia, subcoriacea, gla- rà, sinuato-crenata, reticulata, basi sensim in petiolum per- brevem gracilem attenuata; nunc majora et obovata vel oblonga et pinnatifida, segmentis plurimis brevibus obtusis Sepe bifidis ; nunc magis elongatis linearibus pinnatifidis et non raro bipinnatifidis. Flores minutissimi, axillares, soli- tarii, pedunculati, monoici v. dioici. Pedunculus gracilis, petiolo vix duplo longior folio 4-plo brevior, plerumque decurvus, Calyx 4-fidus, patens, tubo lato planiusculo, lobis Totundatis, sub lente ciliatis. Petala 5, lobis calycinis alterna, bid triplo longiora, patentia, subrotunda, subundulata, ses- Masc, Stamina 5, ad oram tubi lati inserta, petalis 230 BOTANICAL EXCURSION alternantia. Filamenta subnulla. Anthere magne, rotun- dato-cordate, apiculate, marginem versus longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium nullum. Rudimentum brevissimum styli 3 in fundo calycis. Fam. ignotus. Drupa semine Sina- pis albe vix major, globosa, calyce persistente suffulta, apice 3-tuberculata, subcarnosa, 3-sperma. Semina ovata, sub- triangulari-compressa, dorso convexa. "Testa membranacea, nigro-punctulata. Albumen carnoso-farinaceum. Embryo erectum. Radicula infera. In the above description, as well as the figures, some allowance must be made for the extreme minuteness of the flowers and fruit, and for the few individuals at my dis- posal for dissection. There was an appearance in the seeds of the hilum being at the upper extremity, as if the seeds were suspended; but such is not the case in the fruits of Celastrinee. I trust at some future time to obtain more copious specimens, and to determine more exactly the struc- ture of the fruit and seeds, and to be able then to give an account of the female flowers, which at present are unknown to me, Tas. VIII. Fig. 1, upper, and f. 2, under side of a flower ; f. 3, petal; f. 4, superior, and f. 5, inferior side of a stamen 5 f. 6, fruit (nat. size); f. 7, the same, magnified ; f. 8, the same cut through transversely, showing the seeds; f. 9, 10; seeds ; f. 11, seed, with the testa removed; f. 12, seed, laid open ; f. 13, leaf; all more or less magnified. —ÓÀ Notes of a Botanical Excursion to the Mountains of South Carolina ; with some remarks on the Botany of the higher Alleghany Mountains ; in a letter to Sir W.J. Hooker, Sy Asa Gray, M.D. (Continued from p. 225 of vol. IL.) Our next day's journey was from Cranberry Forge to Crab orchard on Doe River, im Tennessee, and up Little Doe IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 231 River to “Squire Hampton’s,” where we took a guide and ascended the Roan Mountain. While tracing up the Little Doe River, about three miles from its junction with the larger stream so called, at one of the numerous places where the road crosses this rivulet, we again met with Carez Fraseriana. This plant did not seem so abundant here in Tennessee, as on the Grandfather ; but is doubtless plentiful on the mountain side just above. We climbed the north flank of the Roan, through the heavily timbered woods and rank herbage with which it is covered; but found nothing new to us, except Streptopus lanuginosus in fruit, and among the groves of Rhododendron maximum towards the top we also collected Diphyscium foliosum, a moss which we had not before seen in a living state. In more open moist places near the summit, we found the Hedyotis (Houstonia) serpyllifolia, still beauti- fully in bloom, and the Geum geniculatum, which we have already noticed. It was just sunset when we reached the bald and grassy summit of this noble mountain, and after enjoying for a moment the magnificent view it affords, had barely time to prepare our encampment between two dense clumps of Rhododendron Catawbiense, to collect fuel, and make ready our supper. The night was so fine, that our slight shelter of Balsam boughs proved amply sufficient ; the thermometer, at this elevation of about 6,000 feet above the level of the sea, being 64° Fahr. at midnight, and 60° at sun- rise. The temperature of a spring, immediately under the brow of the mountain below our encampment, we found to be 47° Fahr. The Roan Mountain is well characterize? by P rof. Mitchell, as the easiest of access, and the most beau- tiful of all the high mountains of that region. “With the exception of a body of (granitic) rocks, looking like the ruins of an old castle, near its south-western extremity, the top may be described as a vast meadow, (about nine miles in ength, with some interruptions, and with a maximum eleva- tion of 6038 feet) without a tree to obstruct the prospect; Where a person may gallop his horse for a mile or two, with Carolina at his feet on one side, and Tennessee on the other, 232 BOTANICAL EXCURSION and a green ocean of mountains, raised into tremendous billows, immediately around him. It is the pasture ground for the young horses of the whole country, during the summer. We found the Strawberry here in the greatest abundance, and of the finest quality, in regard to both size and flavour, on the 30th of July."* . At sunrise we had fine weather, and a most extensive view of the surrounding country; in one direction we could count from eight to twelve successive ranges of mountains, and nearly all the higher peaks of this whole region were distinctly visible. Soon, however, a dense fog enveloped us, and continued for several hours, during which we traversed the southwestern summit, and made a list of the plants we saw. The herbaceous productions of this bald and rounded summit are chiefly Aira fleruosa, Juncus tenuis, Carex intumescens, and Jestucacea, estivalis (of Mr. Curtis,) and a narrow-leaved va- riety of C. Pennsylvanica, the latter constituting the greater part of the grassy herbage; Luzula campestris, Lilium Philadel- phicum and Canadense, which here only attain the height of 4 to 8 inches, Sisyrinchium anceps, Smilacina bifolia, Habenaria (Platanthera) peramena, Veratrum viride, Helonias (Chame- lirium) dioica, Osmunda Claytoniana, Linn. (O. interrupta Michz.) Athyrium | asplenioides, Pedicularis Canadensis, the latter mostly with purplish-brown flowers, now just expand- ed, Trautvetteria palmata, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum dioi- cum, in flower; Geum radiatum in the greatest profusion (it was here that Michaux obtained this species), Potentilla tridentata and Canadensis, Fragaria Virginiana, the fruit ripe, and of the finest flavour, Rubus villosus now in flower, Castil- leja coccinea, Geranium maculatum, Clematis Vierna, about 8 inches high, Sanicula Marilandica, Zizia aurea, Heracleum lana- tum, Hypericum corymbosum, with larger flowers than usual; a more upright and larger-leaved variety of Hedyotis serpylli- folia, GEnothera glauca £., Senecio Balsamite, Rudbeckia * Prof. Mitchell in the American Journal of Science and Arts, for Ja- nuary, 1839. | | IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 233 triloba, and a dwarf varies of R. laciniata, Liatris spicata, Cacalia atriplicifolia, Cynthia Virginica, Aster acuminatus, Solidago bicolor, S. spithamea, (Curtis in Torr. and Gr. Fl. ined., a very distinct dwarf species), S. Curtisii, Torr. and Gr, l. c. not yet in flower, and S. glomerata, in the same state as- at the Grandfather Mountain; also Saxifraga leucanthemi- folia, Sedum telephioides, Heuchera villosa, Polypodium vul- gare, the dwarf var. of Hedyotis purpurea previously noticed, Scirpus cespitosus, and Agrostis rupestris ! which are confined to the rocky precipice already mentioned. The only tree is Abies Fraseri, a few dwarf specimens of which extend into the open ground of the summit; and the following are all the shrubs which we observed, viz.; Diervilla trifida, Men- ziesia globularis, Vaccinium erythrocarpum, Rhododendron Catawbiense, forming very dense clumps, Leiophyllum serpyl- lifolium, Sorbus Americana 2-4 feet high, Crategus punctata only a foot in height, Pyrus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa, Ribes rotundifolium ; and a low and much branched species of Alder, which Mr. Curtis proposes to call Alnus Mitchel- liana in honour of Professor Mitchell; but we fear it may Prove only a variety of what we deem the A. crispa, (Ait.) from the mountains of New York, New Hampshire, and Newfoundland, although it has more rounded leaves, With the lower surface nearly glabrous, except the primary veins ; while in the former (to which the names of A. crispa and A. undulata are not very appropriate.) the foliage is often, but not always, somewhat velvety-pubescent beneath. To our list must be added an apparently undescribed species of Vaccinium, first noticed by Mr. Constable.* We made a * Vaccinium Constablei, (sp. nov.) ; pumilum, foliis deciduis ovalibus pallidis subtus glaucis reticulato-venosisque glanduloso-mucronatis inte- Serrimis vel obsoletissime serrulatis ciliatis, racemis brevissimis sessili- bus, bracteis squamaceis parvis caducis, corollis brevissime cylindricis, esse inclusis muticis, ovariis 10-locularibus, loculis pluri-ovu- atis. ; IOT iau In summo jugo * Roan Mountain’ dicto, (Tennessee et Carolina Septen- trionali), ad alt, 6000 pedes, Julio floret.—Frutex 1-3pedalis, erectus, 234 BOTANICAL EXCURSION hasty visit to the other principal summit, where we found nothing that we had not already collected, excepting Arenaria glabra, (Michz.), and descended partly by way of the conti- guous Yellow Mountain. Retracing our steps, we returned next day to the foot of the Grandfather Mouníain, and reached our quarters at Jefferson the second day after. We had frequently been told of an antidote to the bite of the Rattle-snake and Copper-head, (reptiles not unfrequent throughout this region;) which is thought to possess wonderful efficacy, called Tur- man's Snake-root, after an “ Indian Doctor," who first em- ployed it; the plant was brought to us by a man who was ready to attest its virtues from his personal knowledge, and proved to be the Silene stellata! Its use was suggested by the markings of the root beneath the bark, in which these people find a fancied resemblance to the skin of the Rattle- snake. Nearly all the reputed antidotes are equally inert, such herbs as Impatiens pallida, &c., being sometimes em- ramis griseo-viridibus teretibus. Folia sesqui-biuncialia, lato-ovalia vel elliptica, utrinque sepius acuta, glabra, nisi costa supra puberula et margines ciliati, subsessilia, infra saturate glauca. Racemi 5-10-flori, sepe corymbosi, ad apicem ramulorum anni precedentis solitarii vel ag- gregati, Baccz immature corulez, glauce, limbo calycis majusculo coronate, decem (nunc abortu quinque :?)-loculares ; loculi pleris (3-6?) spermis.—Prof, Dunal (in D.C. prodr. 7, p. 566), notices as an ex- traordinary exception'to the character of Vaccinium, a species with an 8 to 10-celled fruit, and a single (?) seed in each cell. The first-named Character is not unfrequent in the genus, several of the more common species which I have cursorily examined, exhibiting a more or less com- pletely 8-10-celled ovary, but with many ovules in each cell There is à small group, however, (Decacnana, Torr. et Gr. ined.), presenting è different structure, which is best exemplified in P. resinosum, Ait. The 10 carpels of this species, enclosed in the baccate calyx, are very slightly c0- herent with each other, and become crustaceous or bony nuts, each con- taining a single ascending seed. The same is the case in what I take to be P. dumosum and V. hirtellum, and probably in some other species which have the leaves sprinkled with resinous dots. V. frondosum, (which is the V. decamerocarpon of Dunal), is similar in structure, €x- cept that the carpels appear to be more coherent and less indurated. IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 235 ployed ; so that we are led to conclude that the bite of these reptiles is seldom fatal, or even very dangerous, in these cooler portions of the country. About the foot of the Roan and Grandfather, we obtained afew specimens of Pyenanthemum montanum, Michx. (Mo- nardella, Benth.) just coming into blossom. Our plant accords with Michaux's description, except that there are frequently 2, or even 3 axillary heads besides the terminal one. The flowers have altogether the structure of Pyenan- themum, and the upper lip of the corolla is entire; so that it cannot belong to Monardella, although placed as the leading species of that genus. As to the species from which Mr. Bentham derived the generic name, (Pycnanthemum Monardella, Michx.) I am by no means certain, that it belongs either to Pycnanthemum or Monardella. The specimen in the Michauxian Herbarium is not out of flower, as has been thought ; but the inflorescence is undeveloped, and perhaps in an abnormal state. In ex- amining a small portion, taken from the head, I found nothing but striato-nerved bracts, obtuse and villous at the apex, and abruptly awned ; the exterior involucrate and often lobed ; the innermost linear, and tipped with a single awn. The aspect of the plant, also, is so like Monarda fistulosa, that Iam strongly inclined to think it a monstrous state of it, or some nearly allied species; in which case, the genus Monardella should be restricted to the Californian species. Pursh’s P, Monardella, Y may observe, was collected beneath the Natural-Bridge in Virginia, where we also obtained the Plant, and subsequently met with it throughout the moun- tains. It is certainly a form of Monarda fistulosa, according to Mr. Bentham’s characters; but the taste is much less pungent, the throat of the calyx less strongly bearded than 18 usual in that species, with the corolla nearly white. We thought it probably distinct; but these differences may be Owing to the deep shade in which it commonly grows. The P. Monardelia of Elliott, according to his herbarium, is iden- tical with that of Pursh. We collected in Ashe County 236 BOTANICAL EXCURS!ON several other species of Pycnanthemum, and in the endeavour to discriminate them, we encountered so many difficulties, that I am induced to give a revision of the whole genus.* * CoNsPECTUS PYCNANTHEMORUM. $ 1. Calyx viz bilabiatus ; dentibus bracteisque subulato-aristatis, rigidis, nudis, corollam equantibus. Verticillastri densi plerumque terminales. Ovaria barbata. Folia subpetiolata, rigida. 1. P. aristatum, (Mz); foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-oblongis acutis subserratis basi rotundatis cauleque tenuissime canescenti-tomentosis vel glabris.—P. setosum, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7, p. 100, excl. syn. Pursh. Origanum incanum, Walt. herb. Has. A Nova Cæsarea ad Floridam.—Folia floralia nunc candicantia.- 2. P. hyssopifolium, (Benth.); foliis subsessilibus lineari-oblongis ob- tusis subintegerrimis cauleque glabris vel tenuissime subtomentoso-ca- nescentibus.—P. aristatum, Pursh, (fide spec. in herb. Lamb, et herb. Bart.), Nutt. et Ell, Has. A Virginia usque ad Floridam et Louisianam.—Due species arcte affines optime dignoscuntur in — Lab. gen. et spec. Stamina e fauce corollz subexserta. $2. Calyx bilabiatus ; nempe sagi (plerumque subulatis, sepe pile rigidiusculis barbatis) 3 superioribus in labio superiore basi coalitis. Peete: cillastri cymosi, laxi. Ovaria sepius barbata. Folia petiolata. 3. P. albescens, (Torr. et Gray, fl. N. Am. ined.) ; verticillastris cymosis, dentibus calycis zqualibus triangulari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis muticis, foliis oblongis ovato-lanceolatisve subserratis utrinque acutis supra glabris t subtus canis, Has. In Louisiana, Ingalls, Hale, et Alabama, Gates.—Minus per totum quàm P, incanum ; folis superioribus, ut in aliis utrinque candidis, tonat cauleque pube brevissima incanis. Ovaria ad apicem brevissime 4. P. incanum, (Michz.) ; verticillastris cymosis, dentibus calycis sub- equalibus lanceolato-subulatis, apice plerumque 1-2 setosis, foliis ovato- oblongis remote serratis basi rotundatis pubescentibus subtus — mentosis, floralibus utrinque candidis, Folia ampla. Ovaria ut yidi villoso-barbata, non “apice attenuata, : appendice paleaceo a — Mihi ignotum est P. Loomisii, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7, p. 100, quod in characteribus datis omnino p.i in- cano convenit, 5. P, Tullia, (Benth) ; verticillastris cymosis, (floribus omnino siiis ; catis in ramos subsimplices arcte secundis), dentibus calycis bilabiati subaequalibus e basi lanceolata longe subulato-aristatis bracteisque apicem IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 237 * Some additional plants were obtained around Jefferson, which were not previously seen in blossom, such as Campa- nula divaricata, Cacalia reniformis, Silphium perfoliatum, the larger form of Coreopsis auriculata, with nearly all the leaves * versus pilis longis barbatis, 2 inferioribus tubum zequantibus, foliis oblongis . acutis vel acuminatis subserratis petiolatis cauleque villoso-pubescentibus, . floralibus dealbatis.—Tullia pycnanthemoides, Leavenworth, in Sill. Jour. 20, p. 343, t. 5. Variat 1, calyce imberbi, fide Benth. Lab. suppl. p. 728, (Carol. Austr. Mitchell); 2, foliis ovato-oblongis basi aut rotundatis aut acutis (sic legimus in comitatu Ashe et invenit cl. Curtis in com. Burke, Carol. Sept.) ; 3, foliis lanceolatis utrinque acutis vel attenuatis (cum precedente legimus). In stirpe Leavenworthii (ad Paint Mountain, Tennessee Orient. exeunte Octobri decerpta), rami fructiferi, cymz subsimplices elongate Sunt, densiflore, floribus sessilibus arcte secundis.—Exstat specimen in herb. Bart. cum schedula, ** P. montanum ? Mich.in Virginia juxta Staun- ton," manu Purshii inscripta. Dentes calycini attenuato-subulati, pilis seti- formibus longissimis articulatis plerumque barbati; 2 inferiores labium superius subzequantes, nunc paulo superantes. Ovaria pilis paucioribus barbulata, t rien 6. P. dubium, (sp. nov.); verticillastris cymosis, dentibus calycis bi- labiati subulatis bracteisque pilis longis barbatis, 2 inferioribus tubo labioque superiore brevioribus, foliis lanceolatis utrinque acutis subinte- gerrimis glabriusculis petiolatis, caule villoso-pubescente. Has. In Carolina Septentrionali, comitatu Ashe, cum P. Tullia, et P. piloso B., vigens, ubi legimus ad finem Julii. P. Tullie nimis affinis, sed differt, (an satis?) foliis angustioribus fere integerrimis, nunquam incanis vel dealbatis, dentibus calycis brevioribus et inzequalibus, ovariis calvis nec barbulatis, etc.—Folia 2-3-pollicaria, semipoll. lata, acutis- Sima, ad venas m. pubescentia. Bractez et corolla precedentis. 7. P. elinopodioides, (Torr. et Gray, fl. N. Amer. ined.) ; verticillastris fontractis, dentibus calycis subzqualibus brevibus subulatis bracteisque fanescenti-pilosis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis. utrinque acutiusculis sub- 3erratis breviter petiolatis supra glabratis subtus cauleque molliter pube- Scenti-villosis, i Has. In siccis circa urbem Novum Eboracum et in Nova Caesarea. Aug. floret.—Caulis pedalis et ultra, pube molli laxa vestitus, subsimpler. Folia 2 3 pollicaria, nunquam dealbata ; pagina superiore sepe glabra ; Inferiore, presertim ad costam et venas, villoso-pubescente. - Bractere fe breviores quam in precedente, et minus barbate. Dentes calycis tubo : fere dimidio breviores, 3 superiores basi satis coaliti. Stamina modice 238 BOTANICAL EXCURSION undivided ; the glabrous and narrow-leaved variety of C. seni- folia (C. stellata, Nutt.) which alone occurs in this region; Melanthium Virginicum, a very handsome plant, with the ‘flowers cream-flowered when they first expand; and Ste- exserta, Ovaria barbata.—Stirpes angustifolie versus sequentem, lati- folie ad P. incanum tendentes vel transeuntes ? § 3. Calyx subequaliter dentatus. Verticillastri laxe capituliformes, plerum- que terminales, corymboso-paniculati. Bractee floribus breviores, Ovaria sepius calva. Folia viz petiolata. 8. P. Torreyi, (Benth.) ; calyce subzequaliter dentato, dentibus subulatis bracteisque pubescenti-canescentibus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis oblongo- linearibusve glabriusculis acutis vix serratis basi in petiolum brevissimum sensim angustatis, caule stricto pubescente. —P. Virginicum, Nutt. gen. 2, p. 33.? Has. In Nova Cæsarea, et circa urbem Novum Eboracum, ubi frequens; etiam in Carolina Australi, ex Benth. Lab. suppl.—Facies aliquantum P. lanceolati, sed facile distinguitur, foliis longioribus (minus rigidis) - basi longe attenuatis verticillastris contractis nec capitatis, bracteis ple- risque subulatis haud adpressis, dentibus calycis gracilioribus, corolla ampliore magis ringente, et staminibus exsertis, 9. P. pilosum, (Nutt.); calyce subinequaliter dentato, dentibus ovato- lanceolatis acutis bracteisque canescenti-villosis, foliis lanceolatis subin- tegerrimis basi acutis subsessilibus caule ramisque erectis molliter pube- scentibus aut villosis, floralibus nunquam dealbatis.—P. muticum, Benth. Lab. p. 329, partim.—Variat. 1, calyce fere zqualiter 5-dentato ; 2, den- tibus calycinis 3 superioribus basi manifeste coalitis; et, ni fallor, B. Leptodon: calyce fere zqualiter dentato, dentibus longioribus € basi lata acuminatis vel subulatis bracteisque (acuminatis) villoso-canis.— An species ? Has. Incivitatibus occidentalibus, ab Ohio et Tennessee ad Missouriam et Arkansam. Var. 8. in comitatu Ashe, Carol. Sept. legimus etiam cl. Boykin e Georgia misit.—Species ab P. mutico certissime divers® habitu, pubescentia, foliis minus rigidis basi angustatis, dentibus Ca- lycis dense villoso-barbatis, etc. Ovaria apice obsolete barbulata. — 10. P. muticum, (Pers.); calyce æqualiter dentato, dentibus triangular ovatis brevibus bracteisque muticis pube brevissima canescentibus, foliis rigidis ovatis vel ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acutis ssepius serratis v rotundatis (nunc subcordatis) sessilibus subpetiolatisve, inferioribus Cau- leque laxe paniculato glabris aut tenuiter subtomentosis, summis —Brachystemum muticum, Micha. fi, 2, p. 6, f. 32 muticum, Benth, l. c. partim ? IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 239 nanthium angustifolium, Gray, which is doubtless the He- lonias graminea of the Botanical Magazine. We also made an excursion to “ White Top,” in Virginia, twenty miles north-west from Jefferson ; a mountain of the Has. Masachussetts usque ad Louisianam. — Folia 1-3 uncialia, nunc exacte ovata, nunc ovato-oblonga vel sublanceolata, interdum serrata ut in icone Michx., haud rarius serraturis sparsioribus vel obsoletis, basi semper rotundata. Verticillastri capituliformes, pauci, parvi, bracteis acutis calycem zequantibus. Ovaria calva. $ 4. Calyx equaliter dentatus. Verticillastri dense capituliformes, bracteis rigidis adpressis suffulti, numerosi, paniculato-corymbosi, fere omnes terminales nunc subfasciculati. Corolle labia brevia. Ovaria calva. Folia sessilia, angusta, crebra. 11. P. lanceolatum, (Pursh); dentibus calycis brevibus triangularibus (sepe acutis) bracteisque ovato-lanceolatis villoso-tomentosis, foliis lan- ceolatis linearibusve integerrimis rigidis glabriusculis basi obtusis ses- silibus, caule ad angulas pubescente.—Brachystemum Virginicum, Michz, Variat foliis nunc lato-lanceolatis, nunc anguste linearibus, raris- sime (spec. in herb, T. Carey, vidi) subserratis. Stamina sæpius inclusa, haud rarius vel duo vel omnia exserta, labia corolle subzequantia ! 12. P. linifolium, (Pursh); dentibus calycis lanceolato-subulatis brac- teisque (e basi ovata vel lineari subaristatis) rigidis glabrescentibus, foliis anguste linearibus rigidis integerrimis sessilibus cauleque glabris, — . Stamina nunc inclusa, nunc subexserta. _ §. 5. Calyz equaliter dentatus. Verticillastri dense corymbosi, terminales, paniculati, bracteis laxis, interioribus brevissimis. Ovaria calva. Folia brevia, remotiuscula, sessilia. 13. P. nudum, (Nutt.) ; glabrum pallide virens, dentibus calycis trian- gulari-lanceolatis brevibus pilosis, bracteis exterioribus lanceolato-linearie bus interioribus brevissimis subulatis, foliis ovato-oblongis integerrimis ses- silibus, caule simplici stricto. o es $ 6. Calyz equaliter dentatus. — Verticillastri (ampli) subglobosi, bracteis plurimis suffulti, solitarii, terminales, aut sepius in azillas foliorum parium 2-3 supremorum arcte sessiles, Ovaria barbata. Folia subpetiolata. - 14. P. montanum, (Mz.) ; capitulis globosis, bracteis acutissimis villoso- ciliatis exterioribus ovatis intimis linearibus, dentibus calycis brevibus acutis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis serratis acutis inferioribus basi rotundatis . Cauleque glabris.—P. montanum, Nutt. gen. 2, p. 33, et, sic opinor Mr. 4. 2, p. 8, igitur Monardella montana, Berth. Lab. p. 331. > Has, In altis montibus Caroline, Michaux. Ad jugum quod dicit “ Catawba Ridge,” Carol. Sept., Nuttall. Ad radices Montium Grand- father, Roan, etc., legimus, et olim invenit Curtis,—Julio-Augusto 240 BOTANICAL EXCURSION same character as the Roan, but on a smaller scale, and with the pasturage of its summit more closely fed down. We were not rewarded, however, with any new plants, and the cloudy weather obscured the prospect, which is said to be very extensive. On our return, we found Cedronella cordata, (Benth.) nearly out of flower, with runners often 2 or 3 feet - in length. Mr. Bentham has omitted to mention the agree- able balsamic odor of the genus, which in our plant is much less powerful than in C. £riphylla. We saw plenty of Cimi- cifuga Americana, but the flowers were still unexpanded. Our endeavours to obtain the fruit of Cimicifuga cordifolia (common in this region,) were likewise unsuccessful; without them it is not always easy to distinguish this species from C. racemosa. The leaflets of the former are frequently very large, the terminal ones resembling the leaves of the Vine in size and shape, as remarked by De Candolle, in one instance we found them 10 inches in diameter; but they are generally much smaller and more divided, apparently passing into the former species. The number of ovaries does not afford marked characters, since the lowest flowers of C. racemosa sometimes present 2, while the upper ones of C. cordifolia are almost always monogynous. floret.—Caulis 1-3pedalis, simplex vel ramosus. Folia submembra- nacea; inferiora 2-3-pollicaria, lanceolata-ovata, basi rotundata, pe* tiolo brevi: superiora magis lanceolata, sensim acuminata, basi acuta subsessilia: pagina superior, rami, et sepe bractee, dum soli exposite, purpurascentes. Bractez acuminatissimz ; extime flores equantes. Calyx tubulosus, pilis conspersus, denique subglabratus; dentibus brevibus triangularibus acutis. Corolla cerina, intus maculis i: purpureis notata, ringens; labio inferiore profunde trilobato, lobo medio longiore; superiore integro! Stamina longe exserta. Antherze loculis parallelis. Styli lobi (ut in ceteris Pycnanthemis) sspe inæquales. Ovaria apice villoso-barbata. : . Species inquirende., ` m o P. Monardella, Mz. „verisimiliter est Monarde species! (cf. adnot. — supra). Certissime Monarda est P. Monardella, Pursh! (fide herb. Lamb. E. et herb, Bart.) etiam Elliottii! P. verticillatum, Pers. (Brachystemum — verticillatum, Michz. fl. 2, p. 6, t, 31), est species mihi valde dubia. recte cl, Benthamius ad P. lanceolatum attulit ? IN SOUTH CAROLINA, 241 We were too early in the season for several interesting plants, especially Composite, and did not extend our re- searches far enough south to obtain many others; such as Hudsonia montana, which appears to be confined to Table Mountain, Rhododendron punctatum, Stuartia pentagyna, Phi- ladelphus hirsutus, Silene ovata (which Mr. Curtis found in Buncombe and Haywood counties,) Berberis Canadensis (collected, however, by Pursh on the mountains of Green- brier in Virginia,) Parnassia asarifolia, (which, according to Mr. Curtis, first appears in Yancey County, but Pursh pro- cured it from “ mountain runs on the Salt Pond Mountain, Virginia, and on the top of the Alleghanies near Christians- burg;”) and above all, the new Thermopsis! (T. Caro- liniana, Mr. A. Curtis, MSS.) recently discovered by our friend Mr. Curtis, in Haywood and Cherokee Counties. We were likewise unsuccessful in our search for a remarkable undescribed plant, with the habit of Pyrola and the foliage of Galax, which was obtained by Michaux in the high moun- tains of Carolina. The only specimen extant is among the “Plante incognite,” of the Michauxian herbarium, in fruit only; and we were most anxious to obtain flowering spe- cimens, that we might complete its history, as I have long Wished to dedicate the plant to Prof. Short of Kentucky, Whose attainments and eminent services in North American Botany are well known and appreciated both at home and abroad, * *Suortia, Torrey and Gray. ` Calyx quinquesepalus; sepala imbricata, squamacea, striata, persis- ia, exteriora ovata, interiora oblonga. Corolla.... Stamina.... Capsula calyce brevior, subglobosa, stylo filiformi (subpersistente) su- Perata, trilocularis, loculicide trivalvis, valvis medio septiferis, placenta centrali Magna persistente. Semina numerosa, parva; testa nucleo' con- formis, Embryo teres, rectiusculus, albumine brevior.—Herba cæspitosa ? subacaulis, perennis, glabra ; foliis longe petiolatis, rotundatis, subcordatis, v nunc retusis, crenato-serratis, crenaturis mucronatis; scapis uni- » nudis, apicem versus squamoso-bracteatis. 5 S. galacifolia, Torr. et Gray. (vid. spec. sicc. in herb. Mz., cum schedula, Hautes Montagnes de Carolinie. An Pyrole spec. ? an genus novum ?”) VOL. 111, T 249 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS We left this interesting region near the end of July, returning to New York by way of Raleigh, Richmond, &c. ; and found a marked change in the vegetation immediately on crossing the Blue Ridge. I cannot extend these remarks to the plants gathered on our homeward journey, except to mention that the Schrankia of this part of the country, which is found as far as the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge, is the S. angustata, (Torr and Gr.) ; at least, we observed no other species. This is doubtless the S. uncinata of De Candolle ; but not, I think, of Willdenow: I may here observe, that the reticulated-leaved species, (S. wncinata, Torr. and Gr.) is the Leptoglottis of De Candolle, (Mém. Légum.) as I have ascertained from a fragment of the original specimen in the rich herbarium of Mr. Webb, obligingly sent by that gen- tleman. But I find no neutral flowers or sterile filaments in the numerous specimens of this plant, from different loca- lities, which I have, from time to time, examined. Botanical Excursions in Sourn AFRICA, by C. J. F. Bunsury, Esa. (Continued from page 41 of vol. II.) 3. Graham's Town and its Neighbourhood.—Fish River Bush. Animals.— Excursion into Cafferland.—Interviews with the Chiefs of the Tslambie, Congo, and Gaika Tribes.—Fort Armstrong.— The Kat River and Fort Beaufort.— Physical Characteristics of the Hottentots. Granam’s Town, the second town of the colony in point of size and (at present) of importance, is an ugly ill-built place, very inferior in appearance to Uitenhage and Zwellen- dam, and looking like a bad imitation of an English town. It is situated in a hollow, surrounded by long flat-topped hills of moderate height and gentle slope, which are here and there rocky, but for the most part covered with short grass. No- thing can be tamer or more unpicturesque than the outlines p of these hills, and on a general view the country appears very — — IN SOUTH AFRICA. 243 naked and dreary. But there are many pretty wooded ravines and shady nooks concealed among these bare hills, which are well worth exploring. In these the vegetation is often luxu- riant and beautiful; the trees grow to some considerable height, and various climbing plants twine round them and hang from their branches, or interlace them with rich gar- lands of foliage. The massy sandstone rocks, grey with lichens, and often assuming the appearance of ruined build- ings, half hidden among the evergreen bushes, add to the beauty of these little dells. Here grows in great abundance that singular tree called the Nojeboom,* with large and jagged leaves of a very fine green colour, springing in radiating tufts from the very ends of the branches, which are otherwise bare. The Acacia or Doornboom, a very tall Aloe, and numerous other thorny shrubs,are likewise characteristic of the vegetation of these dells (Note A) ; but the most remarkable of all their plants is an arborescent Euphorbia, which grows to the height of forty or fifty feet, with a thick rough trunk and a broad flat head almost like that of a pine tree ; it has no leaves, but its younger branches are very succulent, thick, green, angular, beset with spines all along the angles, and curved upwards like the arms of a candelabrum. I do not know any tree of a more singular appearance. It is full of an excessively acrid and caustic milk, which gushes out in great quantity where- ever an incision is made. The places that I found most favourable for botany in this neighbourhood, were a ravine above the house at tbat time occupied by the Lieutenant-Governor on the west side of the town, and the southern face of the long and high ridge of hill behind the barracks on the south side of it. This hill rises from the town with a long, smooth, grassy slope of very easy ascent ; its ridge is narrow, and the descent on the other side Véry steep, in some places quite precipitous and rocky, in others covered with bush, and affording a vegetation far more copious than that of the town side. From the top the view extends in one direction to the sea, over an undulated grassy * Cussonia spicata. T 2 244 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS country variegated with wood; in the other to the high mountains of Cafferland, among which the Winterberg (dis- tant about sixty leagues) makes a conspicuous figure. The hills on the north and east of Graham’s Town are considerably lower than those near the barracks, and expand at the top into smooth, grassy table plains of great breadth. A peculiar rocky knoll, in the shape of a truncated cone, overlooking the town from the east, is known by the name of Lynx's Kop, and noted as being the station from which the famous Caffer Chief Makanna, or Lynx as the Dutch called him, directed the desperate attack on Graham’s Town, in 1819. This man, who pretended to a divine mission, had acquired by his arts a prodigious influence over the Caffers, and succeeded in engaging several of the tribes in a combined attack on the town, which was then in its infancy ; his object was nothing less than the total expulsion of the whites from Albany and the adjoining districts, and he had contrived to persuade his followers that by his magical arts he would be able to render harmless the bullets of the enemy. Abandon- ing, therefore, the insidious mode of fighting which is usually practised by the frontier Caffers, they advanced openly to the attack in dense masses and with great fury, but were at length routed by the severe fire of the English troops. Upwards of- five hundred of them, I was told, remained dead on the spot, and considering their extreme tenacity of life, the wounded must be estimated at three or four times that number. For some time afterwards, it is said, the bush between this town and the frontier swarmed with vultures, attracted by the corpses of those who had perished in their retreat. If there had been a force of cavalry at hand to follow up the victory, the Caffers would probably not have become again trouble- some to the colony in the present generation. Makanna himself did not fall in the battle, but was taken prisoner soon after, and sent to Robben Island, in Table Bay, the ordinary place of confinement for felons. By what right we could treat an independent chieftain as a criminal, is not easy to say. IN SOUTH AFRICA. 245 The Great Fish River is distant, in the nearest part, about twelve miles from Graham’s Town, and the great tract of bush which borders it throughout its course, in some places approaches within six miles of the town. This Fish River Bush, so noted in the history of the late Caffer war, is a tract of country of most rugged and savage character; not exactly mountainous, but a chaos of great hills, which run generally in long flat ridges, with very steep but not rocky sides, and are divided by extremely deep, narrow, gloomy valleys; hill and valley alike covered with impenetrably thick bush, as dense as the undergrowth of a Brazilian forest, and much more thorny. I cannot conceive a country more difficult to make one's way through. The shrubs are in general the same as those which occur near the Sunday River; but, in addition, there is abundauce of the great Tree-Euphorbia, which I have described a few pages back, of the Strelitzia, (at this time out of flower,) and of the Zamia horrida, with its stiff, spiny, palm-like leaves springing from the top of a short thick stem which looks like a pine-apple. ; l never saw in any other part of the world anything resembling the Fish River Bush; nor, I should think, does there exist a tract so difficult to penetrate or to clear. The vegetation is so succulent that fire has no effect on it even in the dryest weather, and at the same time so strong and rigid and excessively dense that there is no getting through it without cutting your way at every step, unless in the paths made by wild beasts. Yet the Caffers make their way through with wonderful skill and activity, creeping like ‘Snakes among the thickets, where no white man can follow them; and this covert extending so far along the frontier, is of great advantage to them, both in their predatory and hostile - incursions, as they can muster in force and even approach to within a few miles of Graham’s Town without being observed, vci d Not more than twenty years ago, I have been told, the Fish River Bush swarmed with Elephants and other wild beasts. Mr. Clarke once saw fifty elephants together near 246 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS Trompeter’s Drift, about thirty miles from Graham's Town; but the active war waged against them for the sake of their ivory, by the Albany settlers, the more frequent passage of men and cattle through those wild tracts, the patrolling and fighting in the bush during the late Caffer war, have put these aboriginal inhabitants to the rout. At the present day, it is said, not an elephant is to be found in any part of the Fish River Bush. The rhinoceros and buffalo still exist there; but the former, the most dangerous of all the wild beasts of this country, is become extremely rare, The hippopotamus, er sea cow as the Dutch call it, though much reduced in numbers, is still to be found near the mouth of the river. All the larger kinds of antelope have become far scarcer than they were formerly within the bounds of the colony, and some are quite extinct. The high, open table plains called the Bontebok Flats, lying to the north-east of the Winter- berg, are still famous for the abundance of large game. Many officers who had visited them for the sake of hunting, assured me that the immense multitudes of wild quadrupeds, especially of the Quagga, the Gnoo or Wildebeest, the Bles- bok, and the Springbok, which were there to be seen, were really astonishing. Lions are frequently to be met with on those Flats, though much reduced in number by the exertions of the sportsmen. It is said that the lion will seldom attack a man, at least a white man, unless provoked; when roused he generally walks away at a slow pace and with an air of great deliberation and tranquillity, seeming to say, “I will let you alone if you let me alone;” but if pursued or fired at, he attacks in his turn with great fury. I had always sup- posed that this was a solitary animal, but the officers who had hunted on the Bontebok Flats, all concurred in asserting that it was usual to meet with several lions together, some- times as many as seven or eight. I must not enlarge on the wild sports of South Africa, which I did not myself witness, and of which a copious an amusing account has been given by Captain Harris. When I was at Fort Beaufort, I saw some admirable drawing — IN SOUTH AFRICA. 247 executed by an officer of the 27th regiment, and which gave a most lively idea of the style of hunting on the Bontebok Flats. In the neighbourhood of Graham's Town I met with few wild animals, though I wandered over the hills for several hours almost every day. 'The ground indeed is everywhere per- forated by the burrows of the Ant-eater or Aardvark, and the broken and excavated ant-hills bear witness to his operations; but he very rarely stirs out of his hole by day, and I never was able to meet with him. The hyena, which is common enough in this neighbourhood, is likewise a nocturnal animal. One day as I was walking along the top of the high hill already mentioned, behind the barracks, I had a good view of a large bird of prey, which I easily recognised as the Bearded Eagle, or Lámmergeier of the Swiss. I was already aware that this noble bird was a native of Southern Africa, as well as of the Alps and the Himalaya, but I did not expect to see bim at Such a moderate elevation above the sea. Perhaps he had his home among the cliffs of the Winterberg, and had come thus far in quest of prey. | The climate of Albany is considered very healthy, although subject to sudden and violent changes of temperature. It is on the whole remarkably dry ; rain is unfrequent, and very uncertain as to the times of its occurrence; but when it does Come it is always from the south or south-east, as in that direction the country is open to the sea. The dry winds from the west, north-west, and north, often blow with great violenee and are excessively annoying; for, like the south- casters at the Cape, they raise stifling clouds of dust. During Part of the time we remained here, indeed whenever it did not blow hard, the weather was extremely pleasant, and the air singularly clear and pure. The sunsets were often strik- ingly beautiful, the western sky being all in a glow of the deepest and clearest gold or orange, while the light clouds Opposite to it were tinged with an exquisitely pure rose colour. Med The elevation of Graham's Town is said to be nearly one 248 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS thousand feet above the sea level, and of course its climate is considerably colder as well as dryer than Cape Town, but there was no frost during the period of my stay. April 29.—After remaining about a fortnight at this place we set out for Cafferland on the 29th, and journeying east- ward, over a high and open country, reached Fraser's Camp, a small military post about twenty-five miles from Graham's Town and six from the Great Fish River. From the highest hill on our route, called the Governors Kop, we had an excellent view of the mountains of Cafferland and the Ceded Territory, some of which are supposed to exceed six thousand feet in height. Fraser's Camp, where we passed the night, had been a little before this the scene of a tragical event. Some soldiers of the Hottentot corps, or Cape Rifles, who were quartered here, mutinied, at the instigation, it is supposed, of the Caffers; and fired into a hut where a party of officers were sitting, killing one of them, a Mr. Crowe. The mutineers were how- ever disarmed by the other troops, and being tried by a court- martial fourteen of them were sentenced to death; the Go- vernor caused only two of these to be executed; some who were least guilty were pardoned, and the rest sent to work in chains on Robben Island. If credit could be given to the confession made by one of the criminals, this abortive out- break was connected with an extensive conspiracy, of which the Caffer chief Umkai, of the Tslambie tribe, was the prime mover. The Caffers, aided by the Hottentot mutineers, were to have seized on the military post of Fort Peddie, on the other side of the Fish River, marched upon Graham’s Town by night, surprised the 72nd regiment in the barracks, and fired the town; indeed, according to the same authority, they expected no less than to be able to drive the English back to Cape Town, and to partition the colony between them. There is little doubt that Umkai had been in correspondence with the mutineers, and had secretly instigated them to violence, probably hoping that such a degree of confusion might be — created, as would give him an opportunity of breaking into — IN SOUTH AFRICA. 249 the province of Albany and sweeping it of cattle, which are the grand objects of Caffer warfare. But it may very well be doubted whether this crafty chief had ever really entertained a design so extravagant as that mentioned in the confession. April 30.—Leaving Fraser’s Camp, we crossed the Great Fish River at Trompeter’s Drift, and proceeded to Fort Peddie, which is situated on an elevated grassy plain near the little river Chusie or Clusie, about twenty miles from our last station. The Fish River Bush is less broad in this part than in many others, probably not extending more than six miles on each side of the river ; but it is of most intricate and formidable character; the hills of very considerable height and tremendously steep, but of a remarkable uniformity of shape. They might be compared to inverted sarcophagi. At Trompeter's Drift there is a small military post, in a most burning spot. The officer who commanded here at this time had adorned his hut with various spoils of the chase, in particular the skull of a hippopotamus, the skin of a leopard, heads of baboons and wild boars, horns of the buffalo and of several kinds of antelope; all which animals he had killed in the neighbouring bush. The Great Fish River, where we crossed it, did not appear to me to be wider than the Wye at Monmouth, and had but little water in it, except in some places where it formed deep pools among the rocks; between these hollows its stream was rapid and shallow, with a hard rocky bottom ; its banks beautifully fringed with the weeping willow (Note B) and other trees of a like graceful character. This river is subject, at uncertain times, to violent floods, and has been known to rise as much as seventy feet above its ordinary level; sometimes, on the contrary, it is so far dried up as to become a mere string of pools, without any current at all. i May 1st.—The next day we rode about six miles farther eastward, to a missionary station at the head of the Beeka River, where the Caffer chiefs of the tribes Congo and Tslambie had assembled to meet the Governor. There were 250 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS present, of the former tribe, the chiefs Cobus Congo, Pato, and Kama; of the latter, Umhala, Umkai, Gazala, and Noneebe the widow of Dushani, and about three hundred Caffers of inferior rank. "The chiefs were in English dresses, mostly old uniforms which had been given them by the Lieu- tenant-governor and other authorities on the frontier, and. which did not become them at all; but the multitude, in their national dress, with their cloaks either wrapt round them, or hanging in loose folds over one shoulder, so as to expose the greatest part of their athletic figures, had a most picturesque appearance. The conference took place in the church; the Governor, Lieutenant-governor and their party occupying a platform at one end of it, while the natives filled the rest of the building. It was a curious and striking sight, to behold these dark warriors, some wrapt in their cloaks, others naked, but armed with their clubs or kirries, sitting in pro- found silence, and in attitudes of earnest attention, with their intelligent countenances and keen eyes turned towards the speakers, whom they never interrupted. I certainly never saw a public meeting in England half so orderly. I was re- minded of the accounts that are given of the North American Indians, and of their demeanour on occasions like the pre- sent. Several of the chiefs spoke, but not at any great length, all professing the greatest aversion to war, and tbe utmost satisfaction at the pacific and friendly language used by the Governor. The principal topic of discussion was charge against Umkai, of instigating and abetting the meeting in the Cape Corps. He defended himself with considerable art and ingenuity, but by no means satisfactorily. The con- ference, however, ended very amicably. After it had broken up, when the Caffers had resumed their assagais, and were standing or lounging about in knots and groups in the open air, I was struck more than ever with the picturesque and noble appearance of these fine barbarians, whose tall and well- proportioned figures, with the unstudied grace and ease of 2 their attitudes, and the disposition of their scanty drapery: —- IN SOUTH AFRICA. 251 would, I think, have delighted a painter. Yet the conference at Block Drift, three days afterwards, presented a scene still more interesting than this. There were no Caffer women present on this occasion, ex- cept the Queen Noneebe and her attendant, who wore European dresses. As we were riding back to Fort Peddie, these two ladies passed us on horseback, riding astride, with their petticoats up to their knees, and trotting along in gallant style. From Fort Peddie to Block Drift on the Chumie, the country is beautifully varied with hill and dale, wood and pasture ; and in many parts the broad grassy lawns, dotted with trees and clumps of shrubbery, give it quite a park-like character. The variety of surface and the richness of the verdure, made it very superior to anything I saw within the bounds of the colony, and the broad, open, elevated ridge along which we travelled, gave us a good commanding view. The direction of our journey was, to the westward of N. May 2nd.— On the 2nd, after travelling a distance which was variously estimated at fifteen, twenty, and twenty-two miles, we pitched our tents in a very pretty wooded valley, near the deserted post of Fort Willshire, on the Keiskamma. Here we passed a miserable night, for a bitter wind blew with such fury, that it every minute threatened to overturn the tents, and the cold was so intense that it was impossible, for me at least, to sleep at all. May 3rd.—During the whole of the next day, the wind con- tinued to blow with such violence as to rival the terrible vent de bise of the South of France, and to make our journey very unpleasant, We arrived, early in the afternoon, at the house of Mr. Stretch, the political agent or resident of the British government, near Block Drift. Here we were very hospi- tably entertained, but as there was not room in the house to lodge any besides the Governor, I passed the night in one of the waggons, where I found myself more comfortable than I had been in the tent. On the following day, the Governor held a conference with 252 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS the chiefs of the Gaika tribe, of whom the principal were Macomo, Tyali, Botma, and Eno. "This was a still more pic- turesque scene than that at the Beeka, for the meeting was held in the open air, in a wide green meadow, dotted with fine acacia-trees. The principal Caffers seated themselves on the grass in a semicircle, around the little group of English who attended the Governor; the rest stood on the outside, and the rich uniforms, the scarlet and gold, and swords and feathers of the officers, made a striking contrast with the dusky and naked savages. What added, perhaps, to the exciting interest of the scene, was the feeling that we were quite in the power of these people, who being between three and four hundred in number, and all armed, could, in all probability, easily have overpowered the little handful of Europeans; and though, in point of fact, there was no rea- son to distrust them, one could not but reflect that they might, if they chose, cut off at one blow the Governor and Lieutenant-governor of the colony, and the Commandant of thefrontier. The discussion, though it ended peaceably, was much more animated than on the former occasion ; many © the Caffers speaking with much vehemence and warmth of manner, and with great fluency of language ; and even through - the medium of an interpretation, it was impossible not to be struck with their art and address in debate. All the speakers - professed, whether sincerely or not, an aversion to war, an a desire to remain on good terms with the English ; but they complained of the insufficient extent of their territory, and dwelt much on the injustice done to Gaika by a former g0- vernment, in depriving him of a part of his country, the Kat 4 River settlement, after professing to look on him as a friend; they asked why, when the greater part of their territory was restored to them by the last treaty, which professed to re- - dress all their wrongs, this was not restored likewise? This was evidently a sore point with them, and some of their — : speakers dwelt upon it with great force and pertinacity. It Jh was urged particularly by Macomo, and by one of Gaika s old captains, a man of most noble appearance. When this 2 IN SOUTH AFRICA. 253 man stood up with his staff in his hand, and harangued with à grave earnestness of manner, and with much but not extra- vagant gesticulation, throwing back his cloak, and displaying his naked and statue-like figure, I thought that a finer speci- men of uncultivated human nature could hardly be conceived. Much being said concerning the depredations committed within the British frontiers by the Caffers of this tribe, the chiefs -disclaimed all participation in these practices, professed great indignation against the thieves, and urged the colonial au- thorities to punish without mercy all whom they could de- tect; but an old man, who spoke subsequently, declared very frankly that in the matter of thievery they were all alike, chiefs and people, and illustrated his meaning by a metaphor more forcible than delicate. I remarked that in general, on this as well as on the former occasion, the Caf- fers behaved with great decorum, and were very careful not to interrupt any of the speakers. Their language seemed to me soft and agreeable to the ear; they spoke very distinctly, and in general slowly, with much emphasis, and with more or less of a peculiar cadence, which in some cases sounded almost like singing, without any of the strange gobbling sound which I have often remarked in the speech of the negroes. In their language, as in that of the Hottentots, many words vr Pronounced with a certain click of the tongue, which is difficult to imitate; yet this peculiarity was but slightly per- ceptible in the pronunciation of the speakers whom I heard at the two conferences. It is said to belong, among the Caffers, only to the Amakosa, who inhabit the country be- tween the Great Fish River and the Bashee, and who are - Supposed to have borrowed it from the Hottentots. The celebrated chiefs Macomo and Tyali, who took the most prominent part in the late Caffer war, dined with us at Mr. Stretch’s, and behaved quite like gentlemen, seeming quite accustomed to European habits, and perfectly at their fase. We had much conversation with them by means of an Interpreter, They showed a quickness of repartee, and a tact and dexterity in conversation, which would have done 254 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS credit to civilized men. Macomois of shorter stature than the generality of the Caffers, with a very keen, shrewd, intel- ligent countenance, though he is said, unfortunately for him- self, to be excessively addicted to drinking. Tyali, his bro- ther, is considerably taller and handsomer, but does not look equally clever. It is now pretty generally admitted that the Caffers belong to the negro race of mankind, but the characteristic pecu- liarities of that race, with the exception of the woolly hair, are less strongly marked in them than in the natives of Guinea or Mosambique; the lips are less thick, the nose less flat, the lower part of the face is not remarkably promi- nent, and the forehead is often as high and as amply deve- loped as in Europeans. (Note C). The colour of the skin appeared to me, in most of the individuals I saw, to be a dark umber-brown, frequently approaching to black, while in others it had a tinge of yellow or red ; but the skin is so often smeared with red ochre, that it is not easy to judge accu- - rately of its real native tint. 'The Caffer men are in gener tall, though not gigantic, and extremely well proportioned ; indeed their fine forms and easy attitudes often remind one | of ancient statues; but they are more remarkable for activity than for strength, and it is said, have generally been found inferior in muscular power to British soldiers. They wear no clothing except the skin cloak or karass, and this is worn only as a protection against weather, not with the view of concealing any part of the body. The skins of which these cloaks are made, are dressed in such a manner as to be 93 — soft and pliable as glove-leather, and acquire a red-brown colour, which is not at all unpleasing to the eye. Many 9 — the chiefs wear mantles of leopard's skin, prepared with the hair on. They ornament their hair, on great occasions, with red-ochre, which is applied in a very elaborate manner, the a hair being twisted up into a multitude of little separate knots — or lumps, and every knot carefully covered over with grease — and ochre. This process, which is performed by the women» - is said to be very long and tedious; but the appearance IN SOUTH AFRICA. 255 which results from it, though whimsical in our eyes, is consi- dered by them as highly ornamental. In truth, I do not see that this practice is in any degree more barbarous or irrational than that of covering the hair with white powder, which not long ago was so fashionable in the most civilized parts of Europe. The Caffer women, of whom I did not see a great many, are not so well shaped or so good-looking as the men, but have very good-humoured countenances. The chief distinc- tive peculiarity in their dress is that they do not go bare- headed like the other sex, but wear a cap of dressed leather, shaped a little like a turban, and decorated with beads and brass buttons. "Their cloak, which is generally much orna- mented with these same articles, is arranged more decently than that of the men, being in general wrapt close round them, and covering them from the throat to the ancles; but the unmarried women sometimes fasten it round the waist in the manner of a'petticoat, leaving the upper part of the Person exposed. Beneath this garment they wear a diminu- tive apron of the same material, covered with beads. Among the Caffers who assembled at Block Drift, was a very strange-looking personage, a son of the chief Eno. His form and features were like those of the other Caffers, but the colour of his skin a disagreeable reddish-white, not like the ordinary complexion of Englishmen, but with a stronger and more uniform tint of red, so that he looked somewhat as if he had been scalded or half-flayed, and had certainly a most repulsive appearance. His hair was of a sandy-yellow colour, but as woolly as that of his countrymen. He was tall and robust, and was considered as a bold and able war- rior, though said to share in the weakness of sight which has often been remarked in Albinos. Another remarkable personage present at the conference Was Sutu or Sootoo, the chief widow of Gaika; her bulk was immense, and her figure most extraordinary, the projection behind rivalling that of the famous Hottentot Venus. This truly marvellous accumulation of fat in the rear is, as it ap- Pears, not quite confined to the Hottentot race, for Sutu is a 256 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS Tambookie Caffer, as the * great wives” of the chiefs of the Amakosa are most usually. It is very possible, however, that she may have some Hottentot blood in her. All the Caffers at Block Drift, with the exception of their chiefs, were armed with their national weapon, the light spear or javelin, which they themselves call Umkonto, but to which the colonists have given the name of Assagai. It hasa slen- der shaft about five feet long, made of the very tough and elastic wood which the Dutch call Assagai-hout, and an iron head or blade, somewhat like that of a lance, generally with- out any barb, but sharp at the edges as well as at the point. The whole thing is very light, and is but a paltry weapon against European troops ; it can be thrown fifty or sixty yards with effect, but beyond that distance they have no certainty of aim. Another weapon used by the Amakosa is the Kirrie or Keerie, which is simply a thick stick of a very hard and heavy wood, with a knob at one end ; this is likewise used as a missile, and it is said that they can bring down birds on the | wing with it. A considerable number of these people are x now provided with fire-arms, and though, as yet, few are ex- pert in the use of them, there seems to be no reason why the Caffers should not in time become as skilful marksmen as the North American Indians. They will in that case be truly formidable enemies in the bush. Macomo, I have been told, is a good shot. The frontier colonists, notwithstanding their dread and hatred of these people, have been induced by the allurements of gain to supply them with muskets and ammu- nition, and it is said that an active contraband trade in these articles has been carried on in spite of the military posts. : Whether the Amakosa can be called a brave people, may admit of doubt; certainly the mode in which they carry Oh — — their warfare, at least against the English, does not exhibit — this quality, if they possess it. Their practice is to avoid. open encounters as much as possible, and not to attack in a body unless they have an immense superiority of numbers. They lurk in the bush, hang on the flanks and rear of the IN SOUTH AFRICA. 257 hostile troops, throw their assagais from behind thickets and rocks, and disperse and creep away under covert if attacked. Their desperate assault on Graham's Town, in 1819, was the most remarkable deviation from this system, and their disaster on that occasion has probably deterred them from repeating the experiment. Accordingly, in the last war, they inflicted but little loss on our troops, and as far as could be ascer- tained, did not suffer very much in return. Nor can they, with any reason, be blamed for avoiding open encounter with men whose superiority of weapons and of skill they have ex- perienced, or for carrying on the war in the manner most safe and advantageous to themselves. These people are, I am told, remarkably tenacious of life, so that hardly any wound which is not immediately fatal, Will prevent them from effecting their retreat; and often, when mortally hurt, they will run like deer for miles before they drop. Living in a peculiarly fine and healthy climate, subsisting chiefly on milk, and neither wasted by toil nor pampered with indulgence, they are subject to few diseases. But many of them, especially the chiefs, have suffered much from the introduction of spirituous liquors. The late Gaika, of whom there is an interesting account in Barrow’s Travels, is said to have perished mainly from this cause. May 5th.—I now return to my narrative. Leaving Block Drift very early in the morning, we travelled over a beau- tiful, verdant, hilly country, with much wood, to Fort Arm- Strong on the Kat River. It is surprising how superior the Country beyond the Great Fish River is, in point of beauty, to that on the colonial side of the stream ; and it is said to im- Prove still farther after you cross the Keiskamma. But this € territory is not considered so valuable for grazing, as much of that within the colony, for the grass is in general What is called « sour;" that is, rank and unwholesome for cattle, Le Leaving behind us the rich and picturesque basin of the Chumie, and taking a direction about N.W., we passed under the brow of the Katberg, a fine mountain-range clothed with VOL, 111. U 258 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS wood, and descended to the valley of the Kat River, which is one of the principal tributaries of the Great Fish River. The situation of Fort Armstrong is remarkably picturesque. The river comes winding with a graceful sweep round the high tongue of land on which the fort is built, and the hills on the left bank rise steeply from the water's edge, in parts covered with thick woods of Euphorbias and other strange trees, in others showing bold escarpments of sandstone rock, half mantled with creeping evergreens. At some distance, on the N. and N.W., are high and picturesque mountains, among which the craggy peak of the Didima is the most conspicuous. "The cliffs near the river are stratified with re- markable distinctness, in thick horizontal beds, which are divided by vertical fissures into regularly rectangular blocks, so as to give to the whole a striking resemblance to the an- cient Etruscan walls of Cortona and Fiesola. We remained here the whole of the 6th. The cutting wind from which we had suffered two or three days before, had died away, and the severe cold was succeeded by very great heat; such are the rapid alternations usual in this climate, which is nevertheless extremely healthy. Fort Armstrong; standing on a naked rock, and half surrounded by steep hills which reflect the glare of the sun, is extremely hot, nor is Yt considered by the officers as an agreeable quarter. - At this place I saw a young gnoo, which belonged to an officer of the 75th Regt., and was so tame and fearless that 1t took food from off the breakfast-table, and could hardly be driven away. In the structure of this animal there is a €U- rious mixture of the characters belonging to the buffalo and to the antelope tribe; the former predominating in the shape of the head, the horns, and the neck, the latter in the slender and flexible limbs, while the thick mane standing upright along the ridge of the neck, and the flowing tail which resem- bles that of a horse, complete the singularity of its appear- ance. In their wild state, as I have been told, when chased — or alarmed, the gnoos always run in a single file, one follow ing another, often to the number of several hundreds, bae IN SOUTH AFRICA. 259 ting with their heads and kicking up their heels as they go. The young one that I saw seemed good-natured, though very bold, but the full-grown untamed animal is fierce and dan- gerous. The next day, turning towards the S.W., we proceeded along the green valley of the Kat River, between very high and steep hills, indeed almost mountains, which are partly covered with thick wood, and partly with a kind of open shrubbery of acacias. The hills, throughout this part of the country, have a general tendency to the flat-topped or table shape. We repeatedly crossed the river, which flows in a very tortuous channel, deeply sunk between steep banks, and overhung and almost concealed by a thick growth of weeping willows and other trees. Our day's journey, of about twenty- seven miles, ended at Fort Beaufort, where, as everywhere else in this frontier tour, I met with the greatest hospitality and kindness from the officers. This military post is situ- ated on a somewhat elevated platform or peninsula, almost encircled by the Kat River, which is rapid and muddy, but neither broad nor deep, and is confined between very high, almost precipitous, thickly-wooded banks. May 8th.—We spent the 8th at Fort Beaufort, from Whence two days’ journey, in a direction somewhat to the westward of S., brought us back to Graham’s Town. We passed the intermediate night at Tomlinson's Inn, on the banks of the Koonap, not far from its junction with the Great Fish River, and next day forded the latter stream near Fort Brown, where it is much less considerable than at Trom- Peters Drift. The country between the two rivers, and Southward to within five or six miles of the town, is ex- tremely rugged, and covered with thick bush. From Fort ufort to Graham's Town is a journey, not including stop- Pages, of fifteen hours in an ox-waggon, and may thence be estimated at about forty-five miles. We were escorted in this little tour by detachments of the Hottentot corps, or Cape Mounted Rifles, who are, or Vere at that time, the only cavalry in the colony, and seem v 2 260 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS well suited for the frontier service. The officers are English, the men partly of mixed breed and partly genuine Hotten- tots. These latter people, of whom I saw a considerable number in Graham's Town and its neighbourhood, have 4 most peculiar and repulsive physiognomy. The form of the face is singularly angular, owing to the excessive projection of the cheek-bones, the shrunk and pinched appearance of the lower part of the cheeks, and the sharpness of the chin; the mouth is prominent and the lips thick; the eyes very small and narrow, and rather obliquely placed ; the forehead depressed; the nose flattened in a remarkable degree, so that the upper part of it appears to be quite obliterated, while the nostrils are large and wide. The colour is a light and slightly yellowish brown, very like that of a dead oak- leaf. The plates in Le Vaillant's Travels do not at all exag- gerate the usual ugliness of this strange race; but whether his account of their moral character is correct, I cannot tell. I never saw any of them in their original state of wild inde- pendence, and if they ever were such as he describes them; they have sadly deteriorated by the contact of civilized man. The Hottentots are mostly of small stature; the majority of those in the Cape corps, at least of the new levies, are under five feet high, and they are possessed of very little muscular strength. Their hands and feet are small and delicate, in which particular they differ very remarkably from the negroes. The number of genuine Hottentots within the colony at the present day, is small compared with that of the mixed breeds; or Bastaards as they are called, in whom the blood of the abo- riginal race is crossed with that of the Dutch, the negro, 9" the Malay. The Bastaards are much superior in size and strength to the Hottentot race. IN SOUTH AFRICA. 261 NOTES TO CHAPTER IV. (A) The following list contains the most remarkable plants which were in blossom in the wooded dells or kloofs near Graham's Town, during the months of April, May, and June: Anemone Caffra. Eugenia Zeyheri, Harv. Ficus, sp. Rhus, 2 sp. Brachylena dentata, De C. Euryops spathaceus, De C. Gamwlepis euryopoides, De C. Burchellia Capensis. Bunburia elliptica, Harv. Niebuhria venosa (new sp.) Testudinaria sylvatica. Pelargonium zonale. Podalyria lancifolia, E. et Z. Dolichos. Ochna arborea. Halleria lucida. Streptocarpus HRezii. Justicia, 2 sp. Plectranthus, 2 sp. Thuia cupressoides. Clematis brachiata. Myroiphyllum asparagoides. Among rocks, in more exposed and sunny situations, I noticed particularly : Crassula lycopodioides, De C. C. falcata, and other sp. of the same genus. Mesembrianthemum tigrinum, and several other sp. Senecio subnudus, De C. Cineraria saxifraga, De C. Euryops Algoensis, De C. Tephrosia grandiflora. Psoralea bracteata. Indigofera, sp. Acrostichum, sp. Pteris Calomelanos. Aspidium coriaceum. And on the grassy hills : Heliophila virgata. Hermannia plicata. H. polymorpha, E. et Z. Struthiola tomentosa. Dais, 2 sp. Helichrysum anomalun, De C. H. subglomeratum, De C. H. squamosum, 'Th. H. cephaloideun, De C. H. nudifolium, De C. H. teretifolium, De C. Gladiolus floribundus. — Tritonia securigera (2) Trichonema rosewm. Dolichos Capensis. — Cluytia ericoides, — Monsonia ovata. — Polygala simplex. Senecio concolor, De C. S, triplinervis, De C. SS. pinifolius. Kohautia Amatymbica, E. et Z. Chenostoma polyanthum, Benth. — Nycterinia Capensis, Benth. Erica curviflora, 262 BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS, &c. The plants common to the neighbourhood of Cape Town and that of Gra- ham's Town, are not very numerous. The following list contains those which I observed : Protea cynaroides. Psoralea pinnata. Fusanus compressus. T'ephrosia Capensis. Erica cerinthoides. Chironia baccifera. T'archonanthus camphoratus. Myrsine, sp. Calla ZEthiopica. Cliffortia strobilifera. Lobelia coronopifolia. Mesembryanthemum edule. Todea Africana. The Heaths and Proteas are comparatively rare in this part of the colony ; so likewise are the Restiacee, which are the most abundant of all plants in the south-western districts, but which are here, in great measure, superseded by real grasses, On the other hand, certain tribes of plants, which are almost or quite wanting in the western districts, are represented in the eastern by several species ; such, in particular, are the 4canthacee, Apocynacee, Bignoniacee, Rubiacee, and Capparidee. It is remarkable, also, that these are groups which belong chiefly to tropical regions; and that the Flora of the eastern part of the Cape colony thus seems to approximate more to that of the tropics than does that of the western part, although the temperature of Albany is not higher (indeed, if anything, rather lower), than that of the Cape district. From what little we know of the plants of the Natal coast, it would seem that the tropical character there becomes more decided, and that the peculiar vegetation of the Cape is gradually shaded off, as it were, into that of equinoctial Africa.* Three large species of Aloe are very common in the environs of Graham’s Town, where their tall and stately spikes of glowing red flowers form the most striking ornaments of the rocks and ravines. The tallest kind, which me quently grows to the height of fifteen feet and even more, is the Aloe arbores- : cens, pretty well represented in Redouté’s “Plantes grasses." A second » the same which I have mentioned in note D to the preceding chapter, and which — I suppose to be Aloe feroz. Of the third I can find no figure; it is perhaps due lineata of Haworth, and of the 2nd edition of “Hortus Kewensis,” but the "y brief and unsatisfactory character of that genus is not sufficient toidentify - it. The flowers of this third kind are exactly like those of A. arborescens, but — the stem is seldom more than five feet high, and remarkably thick; tbe leaves are much shorter than those of the above-mentioned species, ight not recurved, flat on the upper side, moderately convex on the under, edged with short, close-set, reddish-brown prickles; their colour is a deep ge and they are marked with numerous, longitudinal, straight veins or ribs, W210" — as far as I have seen, are peculiar to this species, and seem eo entitle it to the name of lineata. du 5 (B) The weeping willow which abounds on the banks of the Fish River, Kat River, and other streams of the Caffer country, is not the true Babylonian f? * See Harvey’s Genera of South African Plants. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 263 low, commonly cultivated in England, but a distinct species, very similar in its mode of growth, and almost equally beautiful, (C) I must say, that I never saw a Caffer resembling the portrait which is given in Dr. Pritchard's work on the History of Mankind (ed. 3, vol. 2, plate 5); it may have been like some one individual, but it is by no means a characteris- tic specimen of the race, It is a curious fact, stated in that work, that the Caffer language resembles the Coptic, in forming the tenses of verbs, and the numbers and cases of nouns, by prefixed syllables, not by changes of termination as in the European lan- guages. The prefix ma, in the Caffer tongue, marks the plural number, as in Amokosah the plural of Kosah; and they have a great variety of other prefixes. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Swan Hiver Botany. The late letters from Mr. Drummond have brought the following information respecting Swan River Botany. “ By a ship now about to sail (January 16th, 1843), I send two fine species of Anigozanthus, collected by my son in the Vicinity of the Moore River. Of the golden-flowered kind gave some account before;* it is highly beautiful, and, though approaching 24. flavida in character, is readily distin- guishable from all the varieties of that truly protean plant, by its sickle-shaped, hairy leaves. The dark-flowering one, of which but two specimens have ever been found in bloom, is à real mourning-flower; the upper portion of its stem and lower portion of the corolla being covered as with a black velvet ; the corolla is deeply cleft and expands about 2 inches. is species is not allied to any other Anigozanthus yet dis- Covered in the Swan River settlement. During my journey to the South, it came to my knowledge that the natives use the tuberous roots of Anigozanthus flavida * See vol. i, p. 627-8, for a description of this and several other beauti- ful species of Anigozanthus, ; 264 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. for food, selecting such as are going to flower the following year. "The terminations of the roots of such plants are about the same size as those of the Florentine Iris, and when in the state above specified, contain much starch; the natives call them Cattitch. Along with the Anigozanthus, you will find a few seeds of the beautiful Boronia, detected by Mrs. Molloy, and which I have named B. Molloye.”’* April 26th, 1843. * I feel auxious respecting the safety of two boxes which were despatched to you in January last. They contain about five hundred species of plants, not sent to you before, among them three or four new genera of Proteacee and two most beautiful species of Anigozanthus ; the yellow-flowered one I consider to be the very loveliest plant which this country can boast. "There are also several letters and journals of mine In the box. I have lately obtained another species of Dryandra, or per- haps Hemiclidia, for it answers to the character of that genus in possessing a seed-vessel, densely covered with long ferruginous hairs, its substance thin and opening at the top - and sides; the seeds are wingless; but it differs by bringing sometimes two seeds to maturity, and in other charac- ters. : The plant has the true habit of Dryandra; it is a low, much-branched shrub, and the flowers, which I have only seen in a withered state, are produced on the old stems; the style appears very long in proportion to the size of the inflo- rescence, andis villous, with long hairs at the lower part. The discovery of this shrub is due to my youngest son, who gathered it in the Moore River district. : In my former letters I mentioned to you Mrs. Molloy 3$? — most ardent botanist, who had detected many of the 3 productions of this country, and both cultivated them herself 5 in her garden in Vase district, and sent seeds to Captain * See vol. ii, p. 169 and 171. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 265 Mangles, thus introducing them to England. I am sorry to tell you that I have just heard of her decease, in the prime of life. This melancholy event frustrates the hopes I had enter- tained of her transmitting to you a particular account of the plants in her neighbourhood, which she had purposed doing ; but Providence has willed it otherwise. We have a most curious little plant, now in blossom, which I suspect to belong to Cyperacee, but cannot refer it satis- factorily to any of Mr. Brown's genera. It covers a larger portion of the virgin pastures in Australia than perhaps any other production whatever, being equally abundant on clay, sand, and loam, and growing wherever there is grass, except on the alluvial flats. It springs up in dense patches, from one or two inches to as many yards in diameter, the larger clumps having, no doubt, taken ages to acquire such a size. To me its affinity seems between the Cyperacee and the true grasses ; the leaves are grass-like, and about four inches high, somewhat hispid, and having broad, membranaceous, sheath- ing bases, which inclose the young shoots and the flower- stalk, itself about half an inch high. Immediately below the flowers are three bracteas, analogous to the involucral leaves ofthe Cyperus, and above these are five or six glumaceous bracteas, of a green colour on the back, but their edges are White and membranous, sometimes tinged with purple; in each of these bracteas there is a germen, crowned with a style about three-quarters of an inch long, white or rose-coloured, villous, and cleft nearly half-way down into three or four parts; the anthers are three or four in number, two lines long, and borne on filaments measuring an inch in length. This little plant, as you will perceive by the specimens sent home, is individually quite inconspicuous, and yet it is very remarkable, for in some cases, when in a flowering state, the anthers are so numerous as completely to hide the leaves, giving its tufts the appearance of golden cushions." September 25th, 1843. “ I have now the pleasure of sending a box of seeds for the 266 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Royal Gardens at Kew, and only regret that the number of species is not so great as I could wish, owing to the impossi- bility of collecting largely during a journey made with loaded pack-horses, except near the places where we stop for the night. There are a number of small sets of seeds which I should wish to sell, if you can obtain me any purchasers of them ; in all, even the smallest, of these collections there are abundance of seeds of the splendid Boronia Molloye, the yel- low Anigozanthus, and several other new and interesting plants. I also transmit a series of letters on the Botany of our colony, published in the “ Enquirer,” a Swan River news- paper ; and though incomplete, for some of them are missing, they contain the fullest information I have been able to give of those plants used for food by the natives. There are also five or six sheets of notes, descriptive of those plants which I have sent you, especially the Cryptogamia ; of the latter tribe there are upwards of three hundred species in the different boxes, which afford a fair idea of the productions of our colony in the way of Mosses, &c. If any of the purchasers of my Phenogamous plants should be desirous of having the Swan River Cryptogamia also, I shall be happy to supply them, and will take care to procure the sea-weeds, which the distance of this place (Hawthornden) from the coast has hitherto prevented my collecting.” James DRUMMOND. The Bermuda Cedar. ee The following interesting observations on the Bermuda 0T — Pencil Cedar, figured and described at Tas. I, p. 141; EC L the last volume of this Journal, have been kindly communi cated to the Editor, by his Excellency, Colonel Reid, the — Governor of that colony. E * 'The inhabitants of Bermuda are not aware what the de tinctions may be which have induced botanists to class the BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 267 Bermuda Cedar as a separate species, and they believe it to be no other than the Virginian Cedar, altered and improved by soil and climate. This opinion is not, however, based on exact observation, though attention has recently been directed to this question, in the hope of solving it, by comparing speci- mens of the two trees. Neither do they consider the Bermuda Cedar as the wood now used in the manufacture of pencils in Great Britain ; for it is not an article of exportation intended for this object, and it is both harder and of a darker colour than pencils usually are, Wherever cultivation is neglected, the Cedar springs up in Bermuda, and it comes to maturity in about thirty or forty years. Looking from the tops of the hills, the central and widest part of the islands has the appearance of an uninter- rupted forest. Though the trees seldom square to more than eight inches, and work with these dimensions to twenty or thirty feet long, yet the timber is of great value, particularly in ship-building. When felling it for this purpose, part of the root is cut out along with the stem of the tree, and the degree of curvature required for the timbers of a ship is given to it by the angle which the root and the stem form with each other, By this mode, the grain of the wood is never cut cross- Wise. It does not shrink, and requires no seasoning, but is built into the ships fresh from the forest. Owing to this quality, the Bermuda trading-vessels are drier than any Others, and thus possess a great advantage in the carrying- trade of provisions for the supply of the West Indies. | Small as the islands are, they afforded timber enough for the construction of many small vessels for the Royal Navy during the war; and although all their merchant-vessels are cedar-built, there now, in 1843, remain in the woods trees about to go to decay. Bermuda Cedar is sometimes exported to the West In- dies for the construction of buildings, as the white ants rarely touch it.* : : * So in England, a chest lined with cedar, preserves furs or woollen articles from the attacks of moths. 268 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. The basis of these islands under water must be only mat- ter for conjecture. The coral insect is at work in the sea around them, but the land itself is chiefly formed of sand, composed of finely broken shells and corals, first cast on shore by the waves during storms, and then arranged into little hills by the winds. Saline particles seem to form a crust, which new storms again cover with fresh sand, and thus are the hills formed into laminated rock, none of the layers, how- ever, lying steeper than the sand would roll to. In higher latitudes, frost would annually break up the formation and destroy it; but at Bermuda, water does not freeze. The win- ters of Virginia are comparatively very cold, and this may perhaps be the reason for a difference in quality in the cedars of the two countries. The softest of the Bermuda rock is cut for building purposely by the carpenter’s cross-cut saw, and the finest roots of the cedar-trees are often found to have grown through this soft building-stone. The dark hue of the Cedar bestows a sombre appearance on the landscape of Bermuda, yet it isa very valuable gift of nature to the islands. Besides its worth as timber, being an evergreen of the earliest growth, it is admirably well adapted to form shelter against high winds, which, of all lands, small islands, lying in mid- ocean, require the most. Under the shelter of the Cedar; the little vallies between the undulated hills, are capable of forming the finest orange-groves ; for the Bermuda orange is of large size and of excellent quality. The Bermuda Cedar, where it has room enough to expand itself, is of a conical shape, with wide-spreading branches at bottom, and when healthiest, with a slender-pointed top. If neglected, the trees grow close together, and their slen- der summits striking against their nearest neighbours in storms of wind, become broken, to the great injury of the trees. Ina young state, they may be trimmed and clipped, — as the yew tree, and, like it, formed into a very close hedge — They are difficult to transplant, except when very small, and E the entire tap-root taken up uninjured, along with a sod OT — ball of earth. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 269 The West India Islands have been proved to be too hot for the Bermuda Cedar ; at least, in St. Vincent, it is buta stunted tree.” W. R. BoissrER, Botany of Spain and of Greece. Our readers will be glad to be furnished with the following intelligence, communicated by M. Boissier. “ Our late political disturbances have caused my correspond- ence to fall much into arrears. You are perhaps aware that I received a wound during these commotions, and though - happily not in itself severe, the consequences of this accident have kept me long indisposed. My work on Spain is immediately to be resumed, and 1 trust quickly completed ; for all the plates, except four or five, have already appeared, and I have only to give a few general remarks on Botanical Geography, and some additions and corrections. : You do me much honour in asking for some particu- lars respecting my last journey, with a view to their inser- tion in your Journal of Botany ; but hitherto I have been unable to comply with this desire. The expedition in ques- tion was of too rapid and, if I may so express myself, too su- Perficial a nature, to allow of my making many connected observations ; but you may rest assured that I will, if possible, during the approaching summer, draw up a sketch, at least, of the vegetable productions and botanical aspect of the coun- tries which I visited. As regards my collections, I was suc- cessful in procuring many fine plants in Greece, where I Spent April and the early part of May, botanizing, to my great delight, over those classical localities whose names are full of stirring associations. Mounts Parnassus, Hymettus, and Pentelicus were explored, and Taygetus ; the latter, indeed, still much covered with snow. In spite of the noble Flora Greca, published by Sibthorp and Smith, much yet remains 270 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. to be discovered in Greece, and many of the commonest plants are very imperfectly known. It is greatly to be regretted that the enormous cost of the Flora Greca should neces- sarily limit its diffusion, and together with the worthlessness of the diagnoses in the Prodromus, render it impossible to make out the species without consulting the beautiful plates. At Geneva this disadvantage is severely felt, and I daily regret it when pursuing my labours. From the end of May to the middle of July, I spent my time in exploring the environs of Smyrna, the valley of the Meander, part of the plains of Caria, and many of the loftier hills in the districts of Cadmus, and Sypilus. The vegetation there was highly interesting, as it presented a transition between the Mediterranean Flora and that of Asia and the Levant, which latter continued to prevail and to gain the ascendancy. It is remarkable that a country of such easy access should be so imperfectly known as to its botany; most of the species which I gathered are undescribed, if I may judge of the whole from those families which I have hitherto investigated. My excursions were terminated by Constantinople, Broussa, and the Olympus of Bithynia; on tbe latter I encamped for a week, and found there all the species enumerated by Sibthorp, with others which he does not mention. Towards the close of this summer, I trust that my plants will be arranged and examined, and I shall then feel great pleasure in putting aside a set for you.” - Botany in Russia. Extract of a Letter from Dr. Von Fiscurr, of the Imperial Gardens of St. Petersburg. March 24, 1844. “I have not much botanical news to give you. It is | probable you have already heard that Trinius, so well know? — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 271 by his labours among the Grasses, after much and protracted suffering has quitted this world for a better life. His va- luable Herbarium, exclusively Graminee, he had presented some years ago, to the Imperial Academy of Science; and Dr. Ruprecht, (author of a Monograph of the Bambusea), is now working upon it. Trinius post at the Academy is not yet filled, but will probably be given to Dr. C. A. Meyer, my assistant and former fellow labourer with Ledebour ; it will be an excellent choice on the part of the Academy ; and if Dr. Ruprecht, who is clever and well understands his bu- siness, should be nominated as Meyer's assistant, it would be well; at present he is only Keeper of the Botanical Mu- seum of the Academy. Dr. Meyer has begun and nearly completed a Monograph of the Brazilian species of Erythrozylon ; he has got the Berlin and Vienna collections for examination and I expect you will consider the work well done. He is now about to finish, with me, the third Enumeratio of Schrank's plants, Which you shall receive as soon as complete. We look for the return of Schrank to St. Petersburgh towards the end of the coming summer. I made him promise to penetrate the Trans-Uralian South West Steppes, before leaving Si- beria altogether, in order to search for Pugionium cornutum, that most interesting and puzzling species, which Bunge transforms, at a touch, from a Cruciferous to a Chenopodia- ceous plant :—a bold stroke, is it not? If found any where in Russia, it must inhabit those parts of the Western. limits of Siberia. As soon as Schrank comes back, his plants will be distributed, and you may depend upon receiving a good Set. The most interesting production which rewarded his researches last summer, not far from the borders of Lake Dailkhash, was unfortunately so rare that he only found four or five specimens: it is a Cynomorium, (probably grow- mg on the roots of a Chenopodiaceous plant), and is nearly related to Cyn. coccineum, Many of Schrank’s species have gathered likewise by M. Karelin, who travelled at the *Xpense of the Moscow Naturalists’ Society. I suppose you 279 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. ‘have already received a collection from that Society, for I know it was their intention to send you one. Professor Bunge of Dorpat is very busy describing the collections which the late Dr. Lehmann made during his journeys to Bokhara and Samarcund: there are several coincidences between them and the plants found by Karelin, Schrank and Bruner (?), but the greater number are new; his observations will hardly be ready for publication before next autumn. Steven is overwhelmed with administration business and can hardly do any thing for Natural History; he intends disposing of his valuable collections, botanical and entomo- logical, and his library too. Ledebours Flora is a most meritorious undertaking and . a difficult task ; but for the assistance of Government he : never could have ventured upon it. ; Professor Trautvetter of Kiew, who was formerly as- sistant at the Botanic Garden here, has begun publishing Icones Plantarum Flore Rossice, in conjunction with Lede- bour, who superintends the engraving of the plates at Munich. Turchaninoff intends leaving Siberia to settle in the South of Russia. Professor Middendorff, sent out by the Academy of Science, has accomplished the most hazardous journey ever under- taken; he started from Turnkhausk on the Yenissey, Cross- ing the Tundra, (you are aware the Tundra is the range of snowy deserts towards the Frozen Ocean, where there is no- growth of trees whatever), to the Timura (or Tymurah) - River. There, in the end of April, the thermometer of Fahrenheit indicated 33 degrees below zero. He fortu- nately reached the sea in August, but the ice prevented farther progress, and, in returning, he barely escaped with his life, his boat being shattered by the ice. By the end of August, the temperature was again 12 degrees below zero; and heavy snow-storms came on ; so that feeling too iw 3 proceed, he was compelled to send away his companions t0 — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 273 seek for assistance, the Samoyedes never going so far North, because of the absence of those lichens which are necessary for the support of their rein-deer. So our poor traveller was left alone, his only shelter being a kind of hole, formed by the snow, and his sole subsistence a portion of his dog, which he had been obliged to kill and divide into five pieces for himself and his companions, together with a snow-grous, which he was so happy as to capture. Thus, solitary and seriously ill of fever, did eighteen long, apparently never- ending days pass over him! At the close of that period, he bethought himself of some zoological specimens in spirits, and having drunk the liquor, he felt sufficiently revived to stir , and reaching an eminence, perceived a moving object on the horizon, which proved to be his companions in search of him, accompanied by some friendly Samoyedes. God's pro- vidence thus spared his life! Dr. Middendorff is now recovered and gone to the East, to make new observations, He is a most energetic, undaunted traveller, as these inci- dents prove, and a very learned and talented naturalist. Dr. Kolenati, from Prague, is now in Russian Armenia, whence he has sent home many interesting botanical and- zoological objects. Professor Koch of Jena has just returned from Koordistan, and is at Tiflis, whence he means to visit several hitherto unexplored parts of that and the neighbouring provinces. This is nearly all I have to tell of botanical informa- tion, Ere long you will receive our seeds and the catalogue, with some trifling observations. Your sincerely devoted FISCHER.” FLORA ÅZORICA. We are happy to be able to state that a Flora of the ores is preparing for publication in Germany. Our friend, VOL. TIT. x 974 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Mr. H. C. Watson, visited that group of islands in the summer of 1842, and published his very valuable remarks on their ve- getation in the pages of the present Journal.* Four years pre- viously, Messrs. Hochstetter and Guthnick spent some time in making botanical researches in the Azores, and the former of these gentlemen, in conjunction with M. Seubert, has been employed on the collections thus formed, and is preparing a work under the title of *FLoRgA Azorica, quam ex collectioni- bus schedisque Hocusrerrenrt patris et filii elaboravit et Ta- bulis XIV. eneis illustravit MaAuRitius SEunERT Itis said that it would appear in Germany about Easter, and we trust it will soon arrive in England. BOTANY or tHe ANTARCTIC VOYAGE. At page 247 of the last volume of our Journal, will be found some particulars of the Voyage of Her Majesty's dis- covery ships, EREBUs and Terror, in the Polar regions the southern hemisphere, and of the general results in refe- rence to Botany. The several places touched at, and more OF less explored, are mentioned, until the return of the vessels to the Cape of Good Hope in the month of April 1543, after spending three summers in the fruitless attempt, notwith- standing the skill and valour of the commanding officer and the courage and bravery of the crews, to reach the South Pole. Still, the shores of a great continent, Victoria Land, clothed with everlasting ice and snow, were discovered and traced for upwards of three hundred miles. These exhibited a mountain region of great elevation, from 9,000 to 12,000 feet, (one of these mountains an extinct volcano), and the latitude of 773 was attained, several degrees beyond what had been reac by any other navigator. Captain (now Sir James Clark) Ross brought his ships home in safety in October 1843, after à — 2 four years’ absence, and the collections of Natural History were all deposited in the British Museum, where it was xcd * See vol. ii, p. 1, p. 125, and p. 394. BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 275 privilege to see them. Without such an inspection, it would be difficult to form an idea of their extent and value: they reflect the highest credit on the officers of the Expedition. No small part of these collections is constituted by the Her- barium; and so numerous are the species, and such is deemed their interest to the cause of science, that upon a representation being made to Sir Robert Peel by the Lords of the Admiralty, supported by a powerful recommendation from Mr. Brown and Dr. Buckland, that distinguished indi- vidual caused a grant to be made from the Treasury in aid of the publication of such portions of the Herbarium as are considered the most valuable; and the Botanist of the Expe- dition, Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker, is charged by the Admi- ralty with the superintendence and preparation of the work. Messrs. Reeve, Brothers, Lithographers in Natural History, and Publishers, King William Street, London, authors of a very beautiful work on Shells, undertake the publication, which is to appear in monthly parts till the whole is com- pleted in 5 vols. royal quarto, with 500 beautifully executed lithographic plates of new or imperfectly known species; co- loured and plain. The liberal assistance of government enables the uncoloured copies to be offered at the very low Cost of 5s. each part, (8 plates and 2 sheets of closely printed letter-press) ; and even the illuminated copies (coloured from wings or notes made on the spot), at the scarcely less moderate sum of 8s. each number. : The Floras of many of the continents and islands visited are too well known to require that they should be even noticed here. It has been thought better to render those of the less explored regions as perfect as the present know- ledge of their Botany will allow :—and to divide the publica- tion into three separate and distinct portions, each complete In itself; as follows : Part I. FLORA ANTARCTICA. — This is intended to embrace a complete history of the Vegetation of the Antarctic Regions, namely, such lands as x 2 276 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. are situated between the parallels of 50° and 78° south, the utmost limit that has been attained by navigators. It will comprise an account of the plants of Lord Auckland’s and Campbell’s Islands, of Kerguelen's and the Falkland Islands, of Tierra del Fuego, and of all the south circumpolar regions, Amongst other novelties will be included accounts of the Cabbage of Kerguelen’s Island, a plant entirely new to science, though discovered and beneficially used during Cap- tain Cook's voyage; the Tussac and other grasses of the Falk- lands; the Beech-trees, evergreen and deciduous, of Cape Horn, and many productions of great botanical interest. In addition to the extensive collections made by the officers of the Erebus and Terror, during three years spent in high southern latitudes, the still unpublished Herbaria formed by Sir Joseph Banks, Forster and Solander in Cook’s Voyage, and Menzies in that of Vancouver, all deposited in the British Museum, are placed at the author’s disposal by the kindness of Mr. Brown, as are also the plants of Captain Fitzroy’s Voyage, by Mr. Darwin and Professor Henslow. These materials, together with species from private Herbaria, especially that of Sir William Jackson Hooker of the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, will enable the author to make avery important addition to the extra-tropical botany of the South- ern Hemisphere. No. I. of the Flora Antarctica will appear on the 1st of June of the present year, and will be completed in 20 Parts with 160 Plates; and subscribers are requested to send their names to Messrs. Reeves, No. 8, King William Street, Strand. This will be sueceeded by : E Part 1]. Fuora Nov.& ZEALANDLE; or, the Botany of New Zealand ; and will contain not only all the plants collected by the author in the Northern Island, but will include brief characters and more or less full descrip- tions, and remarks upon all that have been discovered by other voyagers, especially Sir Joseph Banks, Forster, Men- zies, (from the Southern Island), Allan and Richard Cunning- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 277 ham, Dieffenbach, Mr. Bidwill, Dr. Edgerley, Dr. Logan, Dr. Sinclair, and though last, not least in point of import- ance, the rich collections recently sent to Sir W. J. Hooker by Mr. Colenso, several of whose new species have been already figured in the * Icones Plantarum." During the year and a half that must elapse, previous to printing this part of the general work, itis hoped that many novelties will be re- ceived from the middle island, which has as yet been but partially investigated ; and we earnestly invite those who may have it in their power to aid in rendering the Flora of New Zealand as complete as possible, that they will kindly do so, by the communication of good specimens. Even in the North- ern Island, the lofty mountains have been by no means inves- tigated as they deserve ; yet we are well aware that the hasty Visits paid to these elevated regions by Dr. Dieffenbach, Mr. Bidwill, and Mr. Colenso, have been productive of several new and very remarkable plants. It has been alréady men- tioned in this Journal that four distinct species of Beech have been detected, inhabiting the mountain regions, or the south- ern extremity of the group; and it is probable that they may be found sufficiently hardy to bear the climate of Britain. One of them (Fagus fusca, Hook. Ic. Plant. Tabs. DCXXX, DCXXXI) , is already in cultivation in the Royal Botanic Gar- dens of Kew, but it is as yet too young to be planted abroad with a prospect of success. The Flora Nove Zealandis will form 1 vol. with 140 plates ; and will be succeeded lastly by: Part III. FLora TASMANICA; or, the Botany of Van Diemen’s Island, in 2, or probably 3 volumes, illustrated with 200 plates. This will in itself be a Herculean task, and the author would shrink from the per- formance of it, were it not for the aid which has been or will be afforded by his friends, whose names will be more parti- cularly mentioned in the work itself ; but it would be unpar- donable not to mention on the present occasion the valuable ‘sistance and encouragement already experienced from Ro- nald Gunn, Esq., the then Private Secretary to the excel- 278 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. lent Governor, Sir John Franklin, who facilitated his re- searches in a way which no other person could have done, and whose communications of new and rare species from dis- tricts never before trodden by the foot of a botanist, have enriched Dr. Hooker's Herbarium no less than that of his father. To Mr. Gunn we shall be indebted for the catalogue of Tasmanian plants being more complete than could other- wise have been expected, considering the nature of the coun- try, and the many portions yet unknown to the European. Hooker, Species Fiticum, or Descriptions of all known Ferns. Part II. The Second Part of this work, as promised at an early period in the number of our Journal for March, has appeared with its accompaniment of 20 plates, representing no less than 64 species. Of the letter-press the genus Dicksonia (including Balantium, Kaulf, Culcita, Pr. Leptolenna, Pr. Cystodium, J. Sm. and Patania, Pr.), is concluded, and 51 species, including dubious ones, enumerated. Cibotium, Kaulf, (Pinonia, Gaud.), has 6 species; Deparia, Hook. 2. Loxsoma, Br. 1 ; Hymenophyllum, Sm. 83 species; and Tri- chomanes includes nearly the same number, but will not be concluded till the following Part. The plates (partly illus- trative of the preceding number) contain 3 species of Wood- sia, 20 of Dicksonia, 4 of Cibotium, ! of Deparia, 29 of Hy- menophyllum, and 7 of Trichomanes. Part III of this work has been announced by Mr. Pamplin to appear in July. HyMENOPHYLLACEE; Eine botanische Abhandlung vo" Pror., Dr. Karu B. Pnzsr. 4fo. with 12 Plates. Prague; 1843. Our own MS. of the species of the Genera of Hymeno phyllum was scarcely a fortnight in the printers when we received the work just mentioned, from the able BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 279 pen of Professor Presl, in which he describes the Hymeno- phyllacee as a natural order, distinct from Filices. The work, a pamphlet of 70 pages, is, however, chiefly occupied with the genera, into which the author has deemed it proper to divide this group. We had found it difficult to define with anything like precision the two genera Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes of Sir James Smith, but our author goes much farther. He divides the order into two Tribes, TRICHOMA- NOIDEJE (Trichomanes, Sm.), and HYMENOPHYLLOIDEÆ (Hymenophyllum, Sm.). The first of these (Trichomanoidez) is again formed into two sections: l. TRiCHOMANE;E, In- dusii limbus integer, patens v. erectus, truncatus v. repando- crenulatus; including 10 Genera: 1, Feea, Bory. 2, Hyme- nostachys, Bory. 3, Lecanum, Pr. 4, Cardiomanes, Pr. 5, Trichomanes, Pr. 6, Ragatellus, Pr. 7, Cephalomes, Pr. 8, Neurophyllum, Pr. 9, Microgonium, Pr. 10, Abrodictyum, Sect. II. DinvwocLossEx. Indusii limbus bipartitus ; including 3 Genera: 11, Didymoglossum, Desv. 12, Merin- gium, Pr. 13, Hemiphlebium, Pr. And Tribe II. Hymeno- PHYLLOIDE is divided into 6 Genera, viz: 14, Leptocronium, Pr. 15, Myrmecostylum, Pr. 16, Ptycophyllum. 17, Hymeno- phyllum, Pr. 18, Spherocionium, Pr. 19, Hymenoglossum, Pr. The work is illustrated by characteristic figures of the new genera; and here, as well as in the author's “ Péerido- logia," very slight differences in the venation, as well as in the several parts of the fructification, involucre, receptacle, capsules, are employed in the formation of generic characters. An Appendix contains diagnoses of several Hymenophyl- laceze, many of which I think will be found under other names m our Species Filicum ; and although it is not too late to Blve extracts of the characters as a supplement at the con- clusion of the genus Trichomanes in our next part, yet I fear I! would rather add to than diminish the difficulty of study- ing the species of this most lovely portion of the Ferns. If our views of what should constitute distinguishing characters ia Genus are at variance with those of this acute author, 280 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. they would appear to be equally so on the subject of Species ; so that could I clearly understand his species and refer them in my judgment to those previously described (as probably must be done in many instances), it would only serve to mul- tiply the synonyms, already sufficiently numerous. Another source of confusion will arise from the fact that several of Mr. Cuming’s species from the Philippine Islands are here de- scribed, which the author is aware were named in the 2nd vol. of the Journal of Botany, published in May, 1841, by Mr. John Smith; but which he acknowledges he had not seen. Respecting these, I may just remark en passant, that the Trichomanes asplenoides, Pr. is T. curvatum, J. Sm.; T. dimidiatum, Pr. is T. dissectum, J. Sm. ; T. saxifragoides Pr. is T. parvulum, Poir. and J. Sm. ; T. palmatum, Pr. is T. proliferum, Bl. and J. Sm. ; T. Luzonicum, Pr. is T. humile, Forst. and J. Sm.; T. acutum, Pr. is T. glauco-fuscum, Hook.; T. millefolium, Pr. is T. achilleifolium, Willd. and J. Sm.; T. apiifolium, Pr. and T. eminens are both T. mei- folium, Bory, and J. Sm.; Didymoglossum serrulatum, Pr. is Hymenophyllum bivalve, Forst. and J. Sm. ; and D. longisetum is Trichomanes obscurum, Bl. and J. Sm. De CawpoLLE's Prodromus, Vol. VIII. In our Number for March of the present year this volume was announcedas daily expected to arrive in England. It has come, and by this time many of our readers are doubtless in possession of it. The general nature of its contents was there alluded to, and we need only further add, that the son's name — which stands in the present title-page, does credit to that of the father. The volume is most appropriately dedicated to that illustrious parent: * Memorie suavissime Parentis Op- — timi Alphonsus filius Patria vestigia passu licet non æqu0- persequutus pio animo dedicabat.” BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 281 BeNTHAM, Botany of the Voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur. We have just received the Second Part of this valuable Work, which brings the Californian collection down to the Chenopodiacee, and it contains some new genera. For ex- ample, a new genus of Phytolaccec, Stegnosperma (Tab. 12.) Among Composite, Helogyne (Tab. 14) ;* Perityle (Tab. 15) ; Coreocarpus (Tab. 16); Acoma (Tab. 17), and Amauria. Figures are also given of Calliandra Californica, Benth. tab. 11; Hedyotis asperuloides, Benth. tab. 13; Metastelmon Californicum, tab. 18 ; Antirrhinum cyathiferum, tab. 19; Hyptis laniflora, tab. 20, (all new species). SERTUM PraAwTARUM, by H. B. Frevpine, Eso. and Grorce GARDNER, F.L.S. Part II. We had occasion to speak favourably of this useful work in a late number of the Journal on receiving the first part of it and we are happy to see a manifest improvement in the Present portion, not only in the execution of the plates, _ 8$ might be expected from the greater experience of the fair artist, but in the subjects also. Tab. 26 is Aplotaxis Simp- Soniana, a fine Composita from the Himalayan Mountains ; t. 27, Fuchsia pilosa ; t. 28, F. confertiflora, both from Peru; and t. 29, F. Caracensis from Caraccas ; tab. 30,31, Poly- botrya apiifolia, J. Sm. from Luzon; tab. 32, Asarum Hookeri (A. Canadense 8. Hook.) from N. W. America, and no doubt a distinct species ; tab. 33, Androstemma jun- ceum, Lindl. Swan River; tab. 34, Gomphia rotundifolia, ia; tab. 35, Gomphia Fieldingiana, Gardn. Pernambuco; tab. 36, Agaricus Gardneri, Berk. from Goyaz :— this is the curious phosphorescent Agaric discovered by Mr. Gardner, 9f which there is an account in the Journal of Botany, vol. ii, P.427. The whole plant gives out a bright phosphorescent t, somewhat similar to that emitted by the larger fire- Ss Helogyne, Nutt, Am. Phil. Trans. v. 7, p. 449, which, however, be- ng to the same groups of Composite as Mr. Bentham's. . . VOL. mnm, x. 289 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. flies, having a pale greenish hue. From this circumstance and from growing on a palm, it is called by the inhabitants * Flor de Coco.” The plate of this is particularly well exe- cuted in chalk-lithographic (the others are done in line) and we almost regret it is not coloured. Tab. 37, Clomeno- coma montana, Benth. from Guatemala. Tab. 38, Caly- cothrix flavescens, A. Cunn. from Swan River. Tab. 39, Tro- peolum Bridgesii, from Chili. Tab. 40, Pozoa hydrocotyli- folia, Bridges, Chilian Andes. Tab. 41, Allamanda violacea, from Ceara, Brazil a splendid species with rich violet- coloured flowers, called * Quatra patacas" by the Brazilians, the root, which is powerfully cathartic, is extensively em- ployed by them in malignant fevers. This is an excellent figure. Tab. 42, Chuquiraga chrysantha, Chili. Tab. 43, C. ruscifolia, Gill. from the same country. Tab. 44, Aristo- lochia truncata, Peru. Tab. 45, 46, Mutisia Candolleana, 4 splendid species from Bolivia. Tab. 47, Hoskinia montana, Gardn. Organ Mountains, Brazil Tab. 48, Primula Si- mensis, Hochst. from Abyssinia. Tab. 49, Ornithopus co- riandrinus, Hochst. and Steud., Abyssinia. Tab. 50, Ver- nonia argyrophylla, Less. Goyaz, Brazil. Monographie des MALPrIGHIACÉES, ou Exposition des carac- teres de cette famille de Plantes, des genres et espèces qui la composent, accompagnée de 23 planches, par M. ADRIEN DE Jussieu, Paris, 1823-4, Ato. Itis with great pleasure we announce the completion of this laborious and important work, from the able pen of Adrien de Jussieu. It is a model fora Monograph and is divided into Two Parts: the first of which appeared last year, and commences with a “ Résumé historique" of the family ; and then proceeds to Considerations upon the flowet — — in general; then to the different parts of the flower, calyx. and its glands, corolla, stamens, pistil, fruit, ovule, seed, embryo, monstrosities, abnormal flowers, inflorescence, leaves, glands, epidermis, hairs, root, stem, stems of the climbing BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 283 shrubs (* Lianes"), of which the internal structure is mi- nutely described. After the different organs of the Malpi- ghiacee and their modifications have thus been detailed, the author proceeds to consider the characters to be derived from them and their relative value in determining the genera; he passes in review their affinities and concludes the first por- tion of the work with some valuable remarks on their geogra- phieal distribution ; the result of which is given in the fol- lowing table Or» Won», 55 species. Africa, western intratropical Cue 9 » . Oriental intra- and extratropical . 5" Madagascar . ; BE eo OE Arabia : ^ ‘ ‘ E ; 2 India, Ceylon z ^ * 14 China, Cochin-China . i 2 Isles of Sunda, Philippin 9 Polinesia -—. 22399257 ee New Won», 523 species. West Indies : : -a < 5 Mexico cor eg a s i E Columbia, (and Trinidad). EEE EE Guiana cxt cub a a ae Pera, ; i = : ; - st Bau. 0€ 5. 990 580 The three plates given with the first part represent, Tab. 1, Arrangement of the parts of the flower together with its development and that of the ovules. Tab. 2, Structure and anatomy of the hairs, glands and leaves. Tab. 3, Anatomy and transverse section of different climbing stems (lianes) of this family. The Second Part, which has just appeared, is devoted to the characters of the natural order, sections, genera and ‘Species, and they are thus divided, à Y 284 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. I. MALPIGHIACER DiPLOSTEMONES. § I. APrERvGIEX seu MALPIGHIEZ. 1. Malpighia, 20 species.—2. Byrsonima, 71.—3. Bur- dachia, 2.—4. Coleostachys, 1.—5. Lophanthera, 1.—6. Pte- randra,3.—7. Verrucularia, 1.—8. Galphimia, 10.—9. Spachea, 6.—10. Bunchosia, 23.—11. Echinopterys, 1.—12. Dicella, 4. —13. Heladena, 4.—14. Thryallis, 3. $ II. NOTOPTERYGIEÆ® seu BANISTERIES. 15. Lophopterys, 1.—16. Brachypterys, 2.—17. Stigma- phyllon, 48.—18. Ryssopterys, 6.—19. Banisteria, 59.— 20. Peixotoa, 11.—21. Heteropterys, 81.—22. Tricomaria, 1. —23. Acridocarpus, 13. $ HI. PrEvRoPTERYAGIEX seu HIRE. 24. Tristellateia, 8.—25. Hiptage, 6.— 26. Triaspis, 4.— 27. Aspidopterys; 11.— 928. Triopteris, 3.—29. Tetrapterys, 51.—30. Hirea, 52.—31. Diplopterys, 1.—32. Jubelina, |. —33. Dinemandra, 2.—33 dis, Dinemagonium, 1. II. MALPIGHIACE® MEIOSTEMONES, seu GAUDICHAUDIEJ. 34. Gaudichaudia, 15.—35. Aspicarpa, 2.—36. Camarea, 7: 37. Janusia, 4.—38. Schwannia, 6. GENERA NON SATIS NOTA. 39. Caucanthus, 1.—40. Platynema, 1.—41. Bembax, L4 An Analytical Table of the Genera completes this work. In this Second Part are given Plates IV—XXII, illustrating * * [t will be seen,” M. A. de Jussieu observes, ‘that the numbers of the species according to the Table in the geographical distribution, do not correspond with the number here enumerated (549), of which 53 are from the Old World, and 496 from the New. The differences arise, on the one hand, from the species common to several countries, being reckoned over — again in each of the countries to which it belongs ; and on the other hand, from the fact that they do not come into the calculation, because - their country is not correctly determined, cn BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 285 the generic characters of all the Genera, and Tab. XXIII is devoted to a Map of the Genera, arranged according to their affinities, and according to the relation they bear, to allied natural families; viz.: Acerineæ, Hippocastanee, Dodonew, Sapindacee, Erythroxylez. : Jauserr and Spaca, Illustrationes Plantarum Orientalium. Livraisons 7—10 inclusive, of this important work are now published, and we hasten to lay before the public a list of their contents :—with the exception of Part VIII, which again by some mistake has not reached our hands. Tab. 58. Quercus Aucherii, n. sp.; t. 59, Argyrolobium crotalaroides, n. sp. (accompanied by a Conspectus of the Species of the northern hemisphere) ; t. 60. Argyrolobium trigonelloides, n. sp.; t. 61. Taverniera gonoclada, n. sp. ; t. 62. T. ephedroidea, n. sp. ; t. 63. Botryolotus, (anew genus, allied to Melilotus) Persicus, n. sp.; t. 46. Spheerophysa micro- phylla; t. 65. Stechmannia Steheline, DC.; t. 66. S. ramo- sissima, J. et Sp. (Jurinea, DC.) ; t. 67. Derderia (new genus of Compos.-Cynarez), macrocephala, J. et Sp. (Jurinea, DC.) ; t. 68. Outreya, (new genus of Compos.-Cynar.) carduiformis, n. Sp. ; t. 69. Lonicera Persica, n. sp. ; t. 70. Lonicera nummu- larizefolia, J. et. Sp. (Xylosteum arboreum, Webb, It. His- pan.) ; t. 71. Lonicera orientalis, Lam. ; t. 72. Lonicera Cauca- sica, Pall. ; t. 73. L. Aucherii, n. sp.; t. 74. Gaillonia Olivierii, A. Rich. (with a Conspectus of the species) ; t. 75. Gaillonia Richardiana, J. et Sp. (G. Oliverii, A. Rich.); t. 76. G. in- cana, n. sp.; t. 77. T. Bruguierii, A. Rich.; t. 78. G. eriantha, A. Rich.; t. 79. Gaillonia hymenostephana, n. Sp.; t 80. Gaillonia calycoptera, n. sp.; t. 81. Gaillonia crucianelloides, n. Sp. ; t. 82. A. Asperula azurea, n. sp. (with a Conspectus of the species of the sub-genus Sherardiana) ; t. 82. B. As- perula setosa, n. sp.; t. 89. Statice Androsacea, n. sp. (with à Conspectus of the species) ; t. 90. Statice Tournefortii, J. et Sp.; t. 91. Statice glumacea, J. et Sp. ; t. 92. Statice Ho- 286 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. henacheri, J. et Sp. (S. Echinus, Hohen.—S. acerosa, Bieb.) ; t. 93. Statice Olivierii, n. sp. We cannot too highly commend the beauty of the plates of this work, nor thelabour and pains bestowed on the de- scriptions. The Statices, all belonging to a very distinct group and section (Armeriastrum) are peculiarly interesting, and it were much to be wished they could be introduced to our gardens in a living state. GrisEBACH, Spicilegium Flore Rumelice et Bithynice. The First Part of this work, announced at p. 124 of the present volume, has soon been followed by the Second and Third Parts, together comprising the first 46 Orders of Dico- tyledonous plants, terminating with Ericee. The author has here displayed the same talent for discriminating and cha- racterizing genera and species which is so conspicuous in his work on Gentianea, as well as in his “ Malpighiacearum Bra- siliensium Centuria,” published in the Linnea, vol. 13. Many new species are described; yet not so many as We should have expected, considering the nature of the country and its numerous mountain districts. But the German and Russian botanists, it must be acknowledged, have been inde- fatigable in their researches in the alpine regions of the ex- treme south of Europe, and the time is now arrived when something like a complete Flora of Europe may be under- taken: and this we are happy to say is already announced by Dr. Grisebach, under the title of “Synopsis Plantarum Europe,” and on which he has already for many years been engaged. We trust that this announcement will accelerate the progress of a work on the Plants of Europe by a veteran Botanist of our own country, Mr. Joseph Woods, which we know he has long had in contemplation, on which he has also been for several years engaged, and towards the furtherance of which he has made many journies. Nor will thesetwo publica- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 287 tions in any way interfere, for while the latter-mentioned Work is to be a detached account, if we understand rightly, of the vegetation in the more frequented parts of Europe, such as are generally visited by tourists, that of Dr. Grise- bach will embrace all the plants of every part of Europe. Dierricu (Dn. D.), Deutschlands Kryptogamische Gewüchse, oder DEUTSCHLANDS Frona, 6ter Band. KRYPTOGAMIE. By the term “6ter Band,” on the title page, we are led to infer that this is a continuation of some publication on other plants of Germany. If so, the earlier portion has not come under our notice ; nor can we say much in appro- bation of the present undertaking as far as can be judged from the three Numbers now before us. It contains brief generic and specific characters and coloured figures of all the known species of Germany, without any history, or diag- nosis, or synonymes, further than the initials of the author whose name the German species bears. The First Number is devoted to the Ferns, and gives tolerably accurate, but in- differently executed figures of the several species, with very imperfect analyses of the fructifications. The Second and Third Numbers are devoted to Mosses, and include the genera Hypnum, Leskea, Climacium, Neckera, Fontinalis, Bartramia, Gymnocephalus, and part of Bryum; and if we cannot say much in praise of the Ferns, still less can we commend this portion of the work, which would scarcely have done credit to the author or to the artist a century ago. a contrast with the “ Bryologia Europea" of Bruch and Schimper, and Gümbel! one of the most learned and beautiful works on the subject that has ever appeared, and Which we trust to notice more fully ere long, if our leisure will permit us. s 288 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. The LONDON CATALOGUE or British PraAwTS; published under the direction of the BoraN1cAL Society or Lox- Don: adapted for an Index to British Herbaria; for marking desiderata in exchanges of specimens; for indicating the species of local districts; and for a guide to botanical col- lectors, by showing the comparative rarity or frequency of the several species. London. Pamplin. For several years past various “Catalogues of British Plants” have been issuing from the press, chiefly with the object of facilitating exchanges of specimens between stu- dents of indigenous botany. The general plan has been that of giving a full list of the pheenogamous plants and ferns, in such form as could be transmitted by post. In using the Catalogues, botanists could readily convert them into lists of their own desiderata, by attaching some mark to the names of species required. The usefulness of such Catalogues is apparent enough, not only in effecting exchanges, but for all purposes in which lists of species are required. Seven OF eight different forms and editions have been printed, and perhaps several thousands of copies have been advanta- geously dispersed. “A Catalogue of British Plants, arranged according to the Natural System, with the Synonyms of De Candolle, Smith, Lindley and Hooker,” published by Prof. Henslow, in the year 1829, was probably the first of the lists. But this one being printed as a volume of several sheets, and designed for diffe- rent purposes, it can scarcely come into the same category with the catalogues for facilitating exchanges. The first of these minor lists, in a post form, appears to have been printed by Mr. H. Watson, in 1832, for private use only; its object being to assist that gentleman in obtaining information, by local lists and specimens, for his admirable works on the Geographical Distribution of Plants. Other de similar Catalogues shortly afterwards appeared, including — — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 289 the first edition of one published under the sanction of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. In all these earlier Exchange Catalogues, the arrangement of the genera was alphabetical, the names corresponding with those employed in the British Flora. The same nomencla- ture still appeared in **A Catalogue of British Plants, in- cluded in Vol. I. of Hooker's British Flora, 3rd edition," Which was published by Mr. Francis, who substituted the Linnean method in place of an alphabetical arrangement. The natural system, however, was adopted in an ably compiled Catalogue, published anonymously soon after, and which contained the synonymes of several authors. In 1841, the Botanical Society of Edinburgh issued a second edition of their Catalogue, much changed, and on which no little trouble had been bestowed by the compilers ; three of whose names appeared on the title-page of the one- sheet pamphlet. "The alphabetical arrangement of the genera was still retained; but being accompanied also by many alterations in the generic (equally as in the specific) names of the plants, the alphabetical arrangement was thus rendered exceedingly inconvenient in use. Like all the preceding Ca- talogues, also, the second edition was not truly a list of British plants; but an enumeration of nearly all those species which had been so reported ; without any distinction between indige- nous and introduced species, between the rare and common, or between those still found by botanists of the present age and other species which are now vainly sought in the localities assigned for them. Thus, it unavoidably led to much disap- pointment when used as an exchange catalogue, more parti- cularly with foreign botanists, who naturally supposed that their correspondents in Britain took little trouble to procure specimens of the species marked by them, the Me demon being unknown, namely, that the plants were either very local or not found at all in Britain. Nevertheless, as being the fullest « Catalogue of British Plants” extant at the time of the publication of the 5th edition of the “ British Flora,” the author of that work deemed it entitled to quo- fation among the synonymes, “as one in which especial pains 290 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. appear to have been taken to form a complete list of the native flowering plants and ferns of Great Britain.” This little compliment, paid to the labours of those who compiled the Catalogue, has been strangely made the subject of censure in a recent number of the * Phytologist,” (a work not always dis- tinguished by courtesy of style) ; where, after speaking of the * Nomenclature? of Mr. Edward Newman, as employed in the first edition of his * History of British Ferns," and pro- mulgated in 1839-40,—the reviewer assures us, “ there was a general denunciation of changes so radical and so complete;" but, after the appearance of Mr. John Smith's paper on the same subject, * Botanists, who one month proclaimed the absurdity of Mr. Newman’s innovations, were seen the fol- lowing month bending the supple knee to the same innova- tions;" and * Dr. Balfour and Mr. Babington, by adopting the alterations, were the means of disseminating them from John O’Groat’s to the Land’s End.” It seems the author of the British Flora did not bend the supple knee to the innova- tions, and the reviewer proceeds: * But in the midst of its successful career, the new nomenclature met a most decided check in the publication of the fifth edition of Sir W. J. . Hooker's British Flora, wherein we were astonished to find the changes introduced by Mr. Newman, not only fathered upon the authors of the * Edinburgh Catalogue, but the new names given as synonymes, and the old nomenclature restored in all its glory.* : * It is far fom being our general intention to notice remarks made in reviews of Books: but the Editor of this Journal, as the Author of the ** British Flora," must in justice to himself declare that he is not aware that he has in any way acted unfairly by Mr. Newman. He presumes by the expression of “ fathering the changes introduced by Mr. Newman upon the authors of the Edinburgh Catalogue," it is meant to imply he has given to those gentlemen a credit for names (“a nomenclature") which is due to Mr. Newman alone. But surely no one will that to bethe case, who has seen the little explanation in the preface to the British Flora, (ed. 5, p. viii.) It was never meant to imply that the Editors of the Catalogue were the authors of those names: and really upon looking at the places among the Ferns where the “ Edinb. Cat." is quoted, the — difference of names is so trifling that it is marvellous how such a char&€ —— BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 291 But to return to a more agreeable subject, * The London Catalogue.” Apparently, it is now the object of this work to supply an equally complete list of the plants reported to could, in fairness, any way be made. One would suppose that by “ the old nomenclature being restored in all its glory," that the author had gone back to the days of Dillenius or Ray; but, so far at least as the Edin- burgh Catalogue is concerned, the difference of names, “ fathered” upon the Edinb. Cat., which Mr. Newman's reviewer claims for him, and in the British Flora, amounts to these. In the latter work, the genus Aspidium of Swartz is divided into two sections; 1st. those species with orbicular involucres, fixed by the centre (Aspidium, Br.), and 2ndly. those with reni- form involucres, fixed by the sinus, (Nephrodium, Rich. Br.) The first are called Polystichum in the Edinburgh Catalogue, while the latter are called Lastrea; and in the genus Asplenium, as defined in British Flora, 2 species (4. Filiz femina, and A. fontanum,) are, in the Edinb. Cat., called Athyrium. Cryptogramma of Brown and Hook. is called Allosorus in the Ed. Cat.; Blechnum boreale, Sw. is called Lomaria Spicant, and Tri- chomanes brevisetum, Br. and Hook. is the T. speciosum in Ed. Cat. Now the whole of these changes (we are not discussing the merits or correct- ness of the names) no more originated with Mr. Newman, they are no more his original * nomenclature," which is declared “to be toto celo at Variance with that so long in use,” than they did with the authors of the Edinburgh Catalogue. The genus Polystichum was invented by Roth in the year 1800, and is absolutely identical with Aspidium, as it stands in the British Flora! including both Polystichum and Lastrea of the Edinburgh Catalogue. Lastre originated in M. Bory de St. Vincent in 1824, and Was formed to include the Polypodia! Oreopteris, Thelypteris and uni- tum. Presl in 1836 altered the character, to make it comprise certain Aspidiaceous plants, banished all Bory's species, and was the author of the names of the Lastrea as they stand in the Edinb. Cat. Athyrium also is a genus of Roth, (1800), (adopted in part by Presl), and the Species above mentioned are of the same antiquity. We are well aware that Cryptogramma crispa, Br. is the Allosorus of Bernhardi, (1806); but the Cheilanthes odora, Sw. is the plant which Bernhardi seems to have had in view in constituting that genus; and Presl has not improved the genus by the heterogeneous species he has mixed up With it, and which have little in common with the plant in question. So long ago as 1810, Mr. Brown expressed his opinion that Blechnum might perhaps be referred to his Sfegania (Lomaria, Willd.) ; and in 1811, Desvaux named it Lomaria Spicant. Our view of the fruc tification differs from that of these authors, and we have not preserved the name of Swartz without stating reasons for it, and giving a figure 292 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. have been found in Britain, and to avoid the more promi- nent inconveniences of the Edinburgh Catalogue. The Natural System is here employed in place of the alphabetical which in our mind, atleast, confirms those views, (see Brit. Fl. ed. 5, Tas. X. f. 10.) With regard to Mr. Brown's name of Trichomanes bre- visetum, we may here extract what is but just printed respecting it in the ** Species Filicum," p. 126, where the author expresses his regret that he was under the necessity of occupying so much space in his attempt to unravel the difficulties which have always attended the synonomy of this plant, and respecting which Sir Jas. E. Smith (whose writings on the Ferns the reviewer, in the “ Phytologist,” treats with marked contempt), said, nearly thirty years ago, that “few plants of almost any country have caused more enquiry, or more diversity of opinion, than this Fern.” Unquestionably the T. speciosum of Willd. is the same species as our T. brevisetum, though a native of Teneriffe ; and, as such, the name has the right of priority over that of Mr. Brown: but after a most careful investi- gation of other specimens of Trichomanes, and especially the T. radicans of Swartz, from Jamaica, we must declare ourselves at issue with the re- viewer in question, who, notwithstanding that ** Mr. J. Smith had la- - belled a var. of the Irish T. speciosum, lately discovered by Mr. Andrews, a5 T. radicans, Sw.;" nevertheless * thinks Mr. Newman has exercised à sound discretion in keeping the name of T, radicans quite out of view.” The author of the “ Species Filicum" has come to a different conclusion, and having satisfied himself of their identity, ventures to retain the name - of radicans, It might be supposed the reviewer was of the same mind when he says, (Phytol. p. 956), “it was held to be impossible that a tropical plant should exist in Ireland." He surely does not take Teneriffe and Madeira, the recorded habitats of T. speciosum, to be within the tropics. Let it be observed that Mr. Newman gives no authority for the genera Polystichum and Lastrea in his Synoptical Table of British Fern» — — p. 6, but he informs us (p. 8) that these “ have not been employed by any Y previous writer on the British Ferns.” "IAS ae One word on another remarkable passage of the reviewer, who pro" —— nounces Mr. J. Smith's Arrangement of the genera of Ferns as “ perhaps | the most profound and useful treatise ever presented to the Linnean So- ciety." Knowing, as the Editor of this Journal does, the character of Mr. J. Smith, and his love of truth, he hesitates not to say that such a0- X overstrained compliment will be far from gratifying to him. Of the merits I of his Memoir, the Editor entertains a very high opinion, and of his —— judgment in discriminating types of genera or sub-genera, and it has been er held a privilege to afford publicity to that very paper in the pages of this m work ; and further, to give figures of Mr, Smith's new genera (see “ Gene? — Filicum," passim) : but great as is his merit in the “ Arrangement," now BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 293 arrangement. The older and better known names are re- stored to many of the plants; and though no single work is followed in this respect, the nomenclature is generally the same as that of the British Flora. The general list includes only native and naturalized plants; the latter being distin- guished by a different type. A separate list is appended, including upwards of a hundred “excluded species," being those * not recently found in the localities indicated for them, erroneously introduced into lists of native plants, or not sufficiently naturalized.” Differences of opinion will doubtless be entertained about the correct allocation of certain plants among the native, the naturalized, or the excluded; but there is an obvious conve- nience in making such distinctions. Still more diversity of Opinion may be anticipated in regard to the limits drawn between species and varieties; many appearing only as va- rieties in the London Catalogue, which have been described as species by authors. Here the discrepancies between the Catalogues of the two Societies, those of Edinburgh and London, are very wide. The species of the Edinburgh Catalogue exceed those of the London Catalogue by one hundred and ten; but as a set-off against this, we find the latter enumerating nearly five hundred named varieties, more than double the number of varieties included in the Edin- mentioned, it rises much higher in our esteem on account of the candour With which he speaks of his predecessor in the same line ; and it detracts nothing from Mr, Smith's merit that Presl was his predecessor in these !nnovations, for the two writers worked wholly independently of each other, “I had nearly," says Mr. J. Smith, “completed my arrange- ment, when I received a copy of Presl’s “Tentamen Pteridographie,’ a Work. published at Prague in 1836, but not seen by me till 1838. That author’s opinions so nearly coincided with mine, that it might seem as if a communication of ideas had passed between us ; but, after allowing him due credit for his labours, I must still continue to differ from him in a number of important points ; yet in order to avoid adding synonymous Seneric names, I have revised my original ones, and in all cases, where ets character of his genera are conformable to my view, I have adopted J names,” : 294 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. burgh Catalogue. The number of species and varieties is thus summed up in the London Catalogue: Indigenous species. : . 1305 Naturalized species — . . 94932 Excluded species « à ei Varieties . " . : 2,2985 2034 Probably the most useful and novel feature of the London Catalogue, both to collectors of specimens and to botanists who study the geographical peculiarities of plants, will be found in its indications of the rarity or frequency of the several species. This is done by a scale of twenty figures, denoting the number of local floras for small tracts of Britain, in which each species respectively is included. Al though this test may not prove exact in every instance, yeb as a general rule, we may conclude that the more common 8 species is, the more of such local works will it be included 5 Through means of this scale of prevalence, assisted by the distinctions made between the truly and doubtfully British plants, the Catalogue is rendered a complete statistical sum- mary of the Vascular plants of Britain, in addition to 1 more immediate purpose for facilitating exchanges of SP - cimens. Although no name is given on the cover of this “ Cata- logue, we think we discover the masterly hand of Mr. Hewett Watson, to whom British Botany is much indebted for the state of perfection to which it has arrived; for the care. with which he has studied our plants in their native wilds and in cultivation, so as to determine more accurately thé ag limits of species; for the ability he has employed in clearmg —— up doubtful synonymes, retaining or rejecting dubious species; — and above all for his writings on the geographical distribu- tion of British plants, which have stamped his name among the first in this interesting branch of science. The Catalogue (defaced perhaps by a few typograpbical 5 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 295 inaccuracies, chiefly in the omission of single letters from words ; and, as authors, we cannot but think leniently of such errors) may be had in the form of a pamphlet of sixteen pages, or occupying one side of a large sheet; so that all the Orders, Genera and Species may be seen at a glance. Such an undertaking cannot but assist materially all those who study our native plants, and we shall be surprized if it does not obtain the circulation it so well deserves. Flora of the SHETLAND IsLES. Mr. Thomas Edmondston, Jun., a most zealous Botanist, of Baltasound, Shetland, and the son of an accomplished Physician, and Naturalist, of that country, has announced a Flora of this Ultima Thule of the British possessions, com- prising a * Topographical distribution of the plants; descrip- tion of the country ; the geological and geographical distribu- tion of the plants ; comparative lists; a full catalogue of the flowering and cryptogamic plants of Shetland; their verna- names; habitats of the less frequent species, and occa- sional remarks on their domestic or medicinal uses ; and critical affinities.” Mr. Edmondston made himself known at a very early age, by his discovery of Arenaria Norvegica in Shetland, an en- tirely new plant to Britain; also by drawing up a Catalogue of the Plants of the Island of Unst, Shetland, when he was only eleven years of age, and which was printed in the late Dr. W. D. Hooker’s “ Notes on Norway.” VEGETABLE Orcanocrapny, or an Analytical Description of the Organs of Plants, by M. Ava. P. De CANDOLLE; translated by Boucutron Kinepon. Ed. 2, 8vo. 2 vols. with 25 lithographic plates. Although printed three years ago (1841), this second edi- 296 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. tion of De Candolle's * Vegetable Organography,” translated by Mr. Boughton Kingdon, has only now fallen into our hands, otherwise we should ere this have noticed it in our Journal. We now do so with much commendation, as a faithful tran- lation of one of the most important of the many valuable works of the distinguished author: and we are therefore glad it is made so generally accessible to the English reader. The plates too are well executed, in lithography, and are ac- curate copies from the original ones. Novarum ET Minus Coaenitarum SmTiRPIUM PUGIL- LUS Octavus. J. C. LEHMANN. 4to. This is the 8th Part of a series of descriptions of new and rare plants (by the bye, we regret to learn that the copies of the first seven were destroyed by the great fire at Hamburgh), from the pen of Lehmann. They have been distinguished for the accurate descriptions, among other plants, of a great number of Hepatice, especially of Jungermannie; and these are continued in the present * Pugillus.” There are besides, in this Part, under the head of * Novitiæ Flore Nove Hol-. landie," several new genera and Species from the Swan. River Herbarium of Preiss, among which are nine Droseras, some of which, we think, will be found described in Dr. Lindley's “Swan River Botany ;" a work, which from not being ever mentioned by our author, we fear is not known to him. Synopsis HEPATICARUM. We have before us a few pages and preface of a new work | bearing the above title, and which, if it may; be judged from the preface, is mainly from the able pen of Dr. and — Professor Nees von Esenbeck. We shall rejoice to see the continuation of it. | BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 297 PLANTARUM VascULARUM GENERA eorumque Characteres et Affinitates tabulis diagnosticis exposita et secundum or- dines naturales digesta ; auctore C. F. Meisner, M.D.— Accedit CounwENTARA1US exhibens preter adnotationes atque explicationes varias Generum synonyma et indicationem li- brorum in quibus descriptiones fusiores iconesque necnon specierum novarum diagnoses etc. inveniuntur. 1 vol. fol. Basle. This excellent book, which was commenced in 1836,is now finished, and the botanical world is greatly indebted to its talented author for having arranged all the known genera according to their natural affinities, in a tabular form, similar to what hasbeen done by Mr. Brown on Asclepiadee, by Adr. de Jussieu on Ztufacez, and Martius on Amaranthacee. The above title amply explains the nature of the work, and the various parts have been so long and justly estimated by the publie, that it needs no further commendations on our part. But we heartily congratulate the author on his having brought this valuable and laborious task to a conclusion. The remarks in the * Commentarius" are peculiarly im- portant. Verhandelingen over de NATURLIJKE GESCHIEDENIS DER NEDERLANDscHE overzeesche bezittingen, door de Leden der Naturkundige commissie in oost-Indié en andere schrij- vers. Boranic; by P. W. Kortuats, fol. 70 coloured plates, This beautiful work, being mostly in Dutch, the historical Part of it is, we regret to say, very much a sealed book to us: but the generic and specific distinctions and sometimes the descriptions are in Latin, and the plates are so beautiful and Satisfactory as fully to explain themselves as to structural characters. It would seem to be the dotanical portion of a work on the Natural History of the Dutch East Indian pos- VOL, III. Z 298 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. sessions: in which certain orders or genera, remarkable for their beauty or structure, or some interesting circumstance, only appear to be described. Thus we have: 1.a Memoir on 9 species of the curious genus Nepenthes, with many ad- mirably illustrative figures (similar illustrations accompany the rest of the Memoirs). 2. On Dipterocarpee (one species, the Dryobalanops Camphore, yields the famous and costly camphor of Sumatra). 3. On Bauhinia. 4. On Ternstremiacee. 5. On Nauclea and its allies, (one of which, Uncaria Gambir, produces the gambir or gambeer of commerce). 6. On Cratozy- lon and Tridesmis. 7. On Salacia and Hippocratea. 8. On Para- vinia and Omphocarpus ; two new genera, the former belonging to Rubiacee, the latter allied to Grewia and Microcos. 9. On the Oaks of the Indian Archipelago ; (and some remarkable ones are figured and described). 10. On Indian Melasto- macee, with very numerous figures; and 11. On Cleisocra- tera (a new genus of Rubiacee); Boschia, (ditto of Stercu- liacee), and Maranthes, Bl. The general style of the work is similar to that of Blume's “ Flora Jave” and “ Rumfia,” and no way inferior to them in point of execution; it ap- pears to be closed with the last number of the volume, and — very usefulit will be to those who study the Botany of the Malay Archipelago. Systema Marerra Mepicm VEGETABILIS BRASILIENSIS, composuit Car. Frin. Pain. png Martius. Leipsic, m 1843, 8vo. This is, strictly speaking, a medical book; but coming from the pen of so distinguished a Botanist as Dr. Vo? Martius, it deserves a notice in this place. It is indeed à most valuable history of all that is known of the medical properties of the plants of Brazil, arranged under e following heads. Classis I. Amylacea. 1. Mucilaginosd- III. Pingui-oleosa. YN. Saecharina. V. Acida. VI. Amara. VII. Adstringentia. VIII. Acria. IX. ZEthereo-oleosa. X- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 299 Resinosa et Balsamica. XI. Narcotica. Appendix, Tingentia. A “ Tabula concors Plantarum que usu medico nuncupantur in Europa et in Brasilia," is appended; and it surprizes an European to see how many Brazilian plants are employed as substitutes for vegetable substances long used in the Old World. The work must be a highly important one to every medical student. "We find the same use made of the Papaw tree (Carica Papaya) in Brazil, for which it has been cele- brated in the West Indies; the leaves are employed to make old and tough meat tender, “quam ob causam vidi aviculas €. g. psittacos, priusquam coquo traderentur, in Papaye folia involutas." Martius observes that a similar property is at- tributed to the Wallnut (Juglans regia) in Europe. Herbarium of M. Delessert. M. Laségue, Curator of the Herbarium of M. Benjamin Delessert at Paris, is preparing a detailed notice of the rich botanical collections which it embraces, which cannot fail to be of considerable interest to the scientific world, containing, as it does, such a number of authentic plants from various sources. There will also be given some remarks on the Herbaria appertaining to the principal public establishments of Europe, as well as the more extensive ones which belong to private Botanists. HERBARIUM OF THE DuBLIN COLLEGE. It is perhaps not universally known that the late Dr. Coulter, a pupil of De Candolle’s, who distinguished himself in his early career as the author of an excellent dissertation on Dipsacee, in 1823, and afterwards by his travels and col- lections made in Mexico and California, held the appoint- ment of Curator to the Herbarium above-mentioned in Trinity College, Dublin, for some years previous to hi z 2 300 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. death, which event occurred last year. It will interest all lovers of Botany to know that Mr. Harvey, the able author of the * Genera of South African Plants," and of many writings on Alge (in which department of Botany he un- questionably holds the first rank), has recently been ap- pointed his successor : and we are sure, if properly supported by funds from the college, and with his facilities of making exchanges, he will soon raise the value of the collection, sO as to entitle it to a name among the most useful of European Herbaria, and to a place in some future edition of the work mentioned in our last article. Extracts from letters of Mr. Jas. DnuMMOND, relating 10 Swan River Borany. Hawthornden Farm, Toodjay Valley, Sept. 1842. In an account which I dately sent you, of a journey to the south of the Vasse River, you may remember my mentioning a tract of grassy country which was discovered by us about fifty miles north of this place. My sons have now two sta- tions for their sheep there, and being told by the natives of a river and lakes of water two days’ journey farther north, they determined to explore the country in that direction, and set off to do so, accompanied by Capt. Scully, the Govern- ment-Resident of this district. Some gentlemen, among whom was Mr. Gilbert, the Ornithologist, (I have formerly mentioned him to you, he has lately come out again to Sw River), intended to have joined the exploring party. They, - however, arrived too late, as was the case with myself, so my remarks must chiefly be confined to what fell under my own and Mr. G’s observation. We left Hawthornden on the 22nd of August, and tra- velled about twelve miles to Captain Scully's residence, and on the following day accomplished five or six miles more 1n 8 northerly line, examining on our way some large masses 9 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 301 granite rocks covering several acres, where, in pools of rain- water among the hollows, Mr. Gilbert discovered a small but curious fresh-water shell. I gathered a small species of Sty- lidium and a remarkable dicecious shrub with pinnate leaves, also new to me. The beautiful lace-like kind of Reindeer moss grows plentifully on these rocks, (Cenomyce retipora, Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. I. Tas. X.) At the distance of about ten or a dozen miles from Cap- tain Scully’s residence we reached a. permanent spring, called Yoolgan by the natives, where there is excellent grass, of which we took advantage for the horses, while we halted and refreshed ourselves. On pursuing our journey, we found the way, as far as the Moore River, distinctly tracked by the carts and horses of my son's party, which had preceded us. Soon after leaving the spring we met two gentlemen, returning, forthey had been a day too late to join the others, so we knew it was useless for us, still farther behind, to hurry forward. Ten or twelve miles farther, we came to a Tea-tree swamp, called Yeinart, where good grass and water are to be found all the year round, and here we encamped for the night. ‘Rain came on, but, fortunately, not heavy till daylight, for we had been too tired to do much in the house-building way in the evening, but the weather becoming decidedly wet, we quickly erected a shelter, which we covered with Tea-tree bark and rendered it waterproof, for nothing can be accom- plished in collecting during rain, and provisions are sure to be spoiled by exposure to it. In the afternoon we visited a Swamp, where one of my sons had shot several specimens of a small and beautiful Kangaroo, the native Marmine ; its fur is dark and tipped with longer silvery hairs. We saw plenty . of its marks, but could not detect a single animal. On the top of a hill grew two very distinct species of Dryandra, new to me, The first, (No. 41 of my collection), has acerose leaves about 2 of an inch long, and generally undivided, but in young and luxuriant plants they sometimes have one or two recurved teeth. This shrub generally grows 2 or 3 feet high ; its many branches forming a sort of level top. The 302 BOTANICAL INFORMATION: flowers, though much advanced, were not fully expanded ; they were each surrounded by a handsome circle of leaves and many narrow ciliated scales, and I observed small tufts of these same scales in the axils of the flowering branches. The second species is equally distinct, it grows in large patches, and apparently creeps at the roots, throwing "p several branches two or three feet high, which do not divide again, except to produce flowers, these are often borne close to the ground, and in circles all the way up the stem, at the distance of eight or nine inches from each other. The foliage is circinnate, rigid and glaucous, beautifully reticulated above and somewhat ferruginous beneath, each leaf six or eight inches long, linear, strongly serrated for about two thirds of its length, but without teeth near to the stem, where it Is ciliated and hairy, this portion being permanent, and re- maining on the plant as long as it lives. The flowers of this species, judging from the old ones which I saw, are small, closely enveloped in numerous ciliated downy scales, with à chaffy receptacle, but apparently destitute of woody fila- ments. In both these species of Dryandra, the seeds are furnished with a woody dissepiment. On the same hill I gathered the beautiful and curious Eu- calyptus, (No. 49), of which I sent you seed-vessels and flowers; the inflorescence is rose-coloured, and as large aS that of E. macrocarpa; still it is readily distinguishable, a$ à species, by its less glaucous and petiolated leaves, with the - lengthened recurved footstalks of the blossoms and fruit; but I find that the winged seed-vessels and twin-growth of the flowers do not afford dependable characters. bs We returned to Yeinart, and slept in our Yumback house and the next day proceeded northerly on our journey. S00» after starting, we came to two Acacias that I had not met E before : one is strikingly beautiful, but very thorny, (No. 85), 3 its stems elegantly striped with alternate green and glaucous lines, all the branches terminating in thorns and likewise — armed with thorns, standing out at right angles, so as almost — to render any touching of the plant impossible. The s "1 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 303 (No. 84), is thornless, and about two feet high, it has short truncated leaves and sulphur-coloured flowers. We mistook our road, and found ourselves at our old sta- tion of Badgee-Badgee. On the way, I picked up a Legumi- nous plant, (No. 80), apparently of a genus that had not come under my notice ; the leaves are narrow, lanceolate, and terminating in a prickly point, each furnished with two strong decurved prickles, which seem to serve as stipules; the flowers are large and showy, but I looked in vain for seed-vessels. We had stopped to dine and feed our horses at Badgee-Badgee, and in some pools of water among the rocks I gathered several curious aquatic plants; one re- sembling a Zostera, the male flowers borne in the axils of the lower leaves, and the female ones on elongated foot- stalks springing from the axils of the upper leaves. There was a plant with leaves floating on the surface of the water, like a Callitriche, (99), and a blue-flowered creeper, (101), apparently belonging to the genus Elatine. From this place it was very difficult to trace our road to our new station on the Mouran Pool, the cart-marks being almost obliterated by the trampling of sheep. On our arrival there, we ascer- tained that the exploring party had returned, and that one of my sons and Captain Scully had started on their home- ward way only half an hour before we came. The mutilated Specimens of some plants which my sons had brought, to- gether with a report of others which had been forgotten and left behind at one of the bivouacking places, stimulated my curiosity so much that I decided on visiting the newly-dis- covered river myself. We stopped, however, one day at Mouran Pool, examining the hills in the vicinity, where grew a fine glaucous-leaved species of Anadenia, whose abrupt foliage ends in teeth of very various breadth. A kind of Rat, very like the Norway rat, but smaller, in- habits this part of the colony, and commits great ravages among provisions, by getting into the huts, and gnawing holes in the bags of flour, &c. My youngest son and Mr. Gilbert succeeded in catching seven or cight of these animals 304 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. in a common rat-trap baited with bread-and-butter. Mr. Gilbert obtained specimens of several small animals, about the size of rats and mice, which were brought in by our shepherds and by the natives. There appear to be many nondescript creatures of that kind here, some bearing their young, to the number of eight or ten, on the outside, like the Wombat, and others in the same way as the rat of our country, making nests in the ground, where they deposit their progeny. On the 27th, having procured two natives to accompany us, one of whom, named Cabbinger, had been with the party to the new river, we started; but as the day was rather ad- vanced ere all our preparations were complete, we travelled only ten miles, and slept at a place called Boorbarna. I found a leguminous plant new to me, and apparently belong- ing to the same genus which is so fatal to sheep and cattle ;* also a fine Conospermum with filiform leaves, growing close to the ground, and long panicles of blue flowers, varying to white. A Grevillea, with scarlet flowers, (30), supposed to be an undescribed species by my sons, seems to me though much larger, scarcely distinct from one which I sent in my last collection. On the top of a stony hill, north of the spring, grew an interesting plant, belonging to Scrophularinee, (66), with much affinity in its habit and fo- liage to the common Horehound; the leaves are smaller, and the flowers are scarlet tubes about an inch long. I gathered Jt a species of Manglesia, allied to M. tridentifera, from which it differs by the more divided leaves and creeping roots, - the plant only attains a height of two or three feet; : whereas the M. tridentifera, (Grevillea Drummondii of Preiss, : who so named it from a specimen he saw in Baron. Ludwig's garden at the Cape, when he was coming out to Swan River), is as large as a middling-sized Hawthorn, with no tendency — to creep at the roots. It is now in full flower on all the grassy districts, and is called by our settlers “ the Swan Ane Hawthorn," its numerous snow-white blossoms conveying» as seen in the distance, a reminding resemblance to the fa- p = * See p. 630, vol. 1, of this Journal, BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 305 vourite English Hawthorn. A lovely creeper, a species of Pronaya, was running over the bushes at the top of this hill, but though more luxuriant, I hardly consider it distinct from a species I formerly sent home. On the 28th, soon after setting off on our journey, I met with two splendid plants, belonging to Composite and the tribe of Everlastings. One has beautiful golden yellow flowers, in heads, little resembling any genus with which I am acquainted in this extensive family, it also occurred with White flowers; the other other bears blossoms of a lovely pink, and has lanceolate leaves, growing about two feet high, and bearing a general similarity to Rhodanthe Manglesii, or Lawrencella rosea, but if possible, finer than either. I can- not doubt that when these two plants become known in England, they will gain equal favour with any of the annuals now in cultivation. Ten or twelve miles from our sleeping-place, we reached à Curious kind of country, covered with what my sons had imagined to be flint; but as this mineral is unknown in a primitive country, I concluded it to be a variety of quartz : It breaks with a conchoidal fracture, and exhibits much simi- larity toflint. In many places the pieces are large and sharp angled, which was supposed to be the cause of our horses’ feet becoming sore; but when we alighted and led the animals over the worst places, they did not appear to be in- convenienced by these stones. This remarkable district pro- duces many fine plants, a Calothamnus, (54), with filiform leaves, nine inches in length, and large showy scarlet in- florescence, now in perfection ; a dark red Drosera, of which the calyx is wider than the corolla; this was apparently very rare, though I have seen it before; and another species, allied to stolonifera, (112), probably new. My sons had Seen here a Banksia, resembling Agquifolium, which they thought new, and yet had unfortunately secured no spe- “mens, and I sought for it in vain. i Before reaching the river, we passed over an extensive flat of stony clay land, covered with Eucalyptus and some re- 306 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. markable species of Acacia, and about two miles from the main branch of the river, came to a considerable brook, running strong to the west. Here we stopped to refresh ourselves and our horses, at a spot called Murarine by the natives, and I was struck by a splendid plant, which my sons had described to me and they supposed it to be a Lasiope- talum, while to me it looked more like the genus Solanum, though I have never seen the fruit, which they tell me is a four-celled capsule. The flowers measure an inch and a half across, and are of a beautiful purple, and the calyx, which is smaller than the corolla, partakes of the same hue, resem- bling velvet in texture. "The leaves are acuminate and more than an inch wide at the broadest part, covered, especially the young ones, with rusty down; the blossoms are pro- duced singly near the ends of the branches, and the whole plant grows from one to three feet high, and has stems armed with slender thorns. Whatever be its genus, this is one of the handsomest productions of Australia. About four miles north of the river, we came to two ien called Maradine and Dalarn by the Aborigines, and between these we fixed our encampment. Thousands of Ducks were swimming on the water, and such numbers of the Water-Hen, which once visited Swan River, that Mr. Gilbert killed three or four ata single shot. The large white-necked Crane was also abundant here, but we only saw a single pair of Black Swans. A species of Coot, with a bald face, resembling the — European bald-faced Coot, inhabits these lakes, and also —— the lakes nearer Perth. A species of Hakea, (18), ` Et very narrow foliage and boat-shaped seed-vessels, is fi this district, but I doubt of its specific distinctness from one that occurs near Guildford. Near the lakes grew an ann apparently belonging to Composite, with oval leaves, anda beautiful Beckea, attaining a height of twelve to iin en which I had never seen before. jm On the 29th we returned about six or seven miles on our 2 tracks, and then ascended the brook which I have mentione - as pursuing a westerly course. Our route lay south-east; BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 307 soon after quitting our old line, we entered on a grassy country, and stopped to dine three or four miles up the brook, and while thus engaged, a pair of beautiful falcons, the Falco hypoleucus of Gould's Australian Birds, were ob- served hovering over us, and Mr. Gilbert succeeded in Shooting one of them. Proceeding in the same direction for about ten miles, we crossed, at a place called Mugadrine by the natives, the tracks of my sons and of Captain Scully. They had gone about ten miles up the main branch of the river, but had seen little grass on its banks; in proceeding, however from thence to our station on the Moore River, they had passed over an extensive portion of grassy land. After quitting their traces, we pursued the same course for six or eight miles, which led us toa charming grass-clothed country, where we met with a large tribe of Aborigines, many of whom had never seen a white man, but were very friendly. They made so much noise in testifying their surprize at beholding such a strangely-coloured variety of their own species as ourselves, that we tried to remove to some distance, in hopes of obtaining a quiet night; but all in vain, they chose to follow us. Many of the single men slept by our fire, the married ones retiring a little. Our guide, — recog- nized among this , a young girl ten or twelve years old, whom her ee cie destined, from her birth, to be- come one of his wives, and he introduced her to us witha vast deal of ceremony. The poor child was very bashful, but after much persuasion, was induced to come to our fire, where she took care to keep Cabbinger between herself and the white men. We gave her some tea, well sweetened with Plenty of sugar, and her future husband assured her that this should be her constant beverage when she was old €nough to leave her mother and come to live with him and the white people. _On the 30th, at daylight, we proceeded to the top of a hill near our sleeping-place, called Margion by the natives, whence, far as the eye could reach, a splendid grassy country 308 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. stretched in every direction. Our guides had promised to lead us to a hill inhabited by a species of Kangaroo, to which the Swan River people give the name of Damer, and of which my sons had shot several about a day's journey east of our station on the Moore River; but on arriving at this place, they declared our supply of flour to be altogether inadequate; and stated their intention of returning straight to the Moore River, so being unable to help ourselves, we were reluctantly obliged to yield. For almost the whole day, the same fine - country was around us, intersected by streams of running water, and bounded by hills equally clad with grass, where also grew the lovely yellow-flowered Everlasting, already de- scribed, a plant apparently confined to the richest land. When we had gained the station, a day was devoted to drying the plants we had collected. One of my sons brought me the foliage of that Anigozanthus, (97), of which I for- merly sent you the flowers; the leaves are a foot long, co- vered with clusters of white hairs, and afford a distinct character from A. flavida, the only described species that resembles it. He also pointed out, on an adjacent hill, a splendid new Dryandra, (42), called by me, in allusion to itso profusion of bloom, D. floribunda; it grows nearly fifteen feet high, with very narrow smooth leaves, and small golden yellow flowers, so abundant as almost to hide the foliage of the plant. I have only seen it on one hill, where it occurs m such quantities, that from a distance of some miles, the colouris as plainly descried as Furze or Broom on a ill- ~ side in Scotland. A small annual Lepidium, (103), and 9 — glaucous Acacia, (82), allied to the native Mauna, were m — blossom in the same habitat. ; We reached the Moore River by the way we had before travelled, and I only observed one new Acacia, (89) with SU : curious triangular stems and subulate recurved leaves, form- — ing thick bushes two or three feet high. Near the residence of Mr. Phillips, grows a second indigenous kind of Dock ; " has long and narrow broadly-auricled leaves, while in e BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 309 other native species the foliage resembles that of the English Fiddle-Dock. Of this pernicious genus of weeds, several foreign individuals are now naturalized here. P.S.— From the aspect of the Lakes Dalarn and Maradine, and of the plants inhabiting their vicinity, among which I noticed several, as the Red and Yellow Leschenaultia, which are confined to the coast, I conclude that these lakes are near the sea, and that the Darling range of hills, hitherto supposed to terminate in Morseby's Flat-topped range, do not extend so far to the north as these lakes, which cannot be more than one hundred miles north of Freemantle. Some natives, whom my sons saw near this piece of water, informed them that by travelling westerly, the sea-shore would be reached long before sunset. I do not know, at this moment, how the coast trends to the north of Freemantle. Our course, by compass, had been from Hawthornden several points to the west of north, and Hawthornden lies from Perth north-east by north, nearly fifty railes. Jas. DRUMMOND. _ Hawthornden, Farm, Toodjay Valley. Oct, 1842. A month ago I wrote to you a long letter, containing a kind of Journal of an Excursion I had made to the north, in company with Mr. Gilbert. Since that time, I have taken another journey, of about fifty miles, in an easterly direction, and have put up a box, containing one hundred and thirty species of plants, to be forwarded by the first ship for Eng- land: but I fear the despatch of it must be deferred till I return from an expedition on which I am going, accom- panied by Mr. Gilbert, and which will take me towards King George’s Sound, and perhaps keep me absent till near the beginning of next March. The box is chiefly filled with the produce of what I saw during my two last journeys. - No. 9, is that remarkable pear-shaped Hakea figured in your Icones Plantarum, Tas. CDXXXIII, in flower. It was plentiful 310 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. in one spot about thirty-six miles to the north-east ; with it grew the two Grevilleas, (Nos. 21, and 26). No. 28, is dis- tinguished by its strong smell of woodruff when drying. But No. 23 is one of the most striking proteaceous plants I have met with : it grows nearly fifteen feet high, and produces most beautiful foliage, resembling Franklandia fucifolia, and flowers of a deep rose colour, inclining to crimson, which terminate the branches with their lovely spikes, four inches long: the seed-vessels, which are somewhat like those of a Grevillea, haye from one to three peculiar, large, eye-like glands: there appears to exist some connexion between these glands and the young embryos, but for what purpose I am unable to determine. No. 37 seems to me to form, in connexion with the heterophyllous, striated-leaved, Grevillea-like plant of which an account is published in a late number of the Journal of Botany, a new genus, distinguished from Gre- villea by the long narrow neck to the capsules and the short regularly divided corolla. The leaves on the narrow branches of this second species are ovate, and those on the flowering branches obcordate ; both species coincide in their upright habit and naked compound spikes of inflorescence. Nos. 33 and 35 are splendid Conospermas; 50 and 51, beautiful crimson and yellow-flowered Eucalypti; 52 is a Calothamnus, attaining the size of a small tree, and highly ornamental; —— 53 belongs to the same genus. lhave just put corresponding numbers over the most Te markable plants, noticed in a journal of the first excursion to the north, which you will find enclosed in the box with the - specimens. No. 47 is an undescribed Dryandra, distin- — guished by its glaucous powdery foliage. I perceive that the name I had given to 42 is pre-occupied. Nos. 43 and 44 — are closely allied, the principal difference lying in the form of el the leaves; their habit and place of growth are alike, they — are found in the same situations, on the top of ironstone — hills ; I have sent both to you before, but without flowers; the first (43) seems only to occur near the Moore Rue : BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 311 No. 130 is a most peculiar plant; its two seeds unite in the middle, where they are attached to the parent plant, and when they drop off in pairs, they present a striking resem- blance to an axle-tree, with two wheels, No. 106 is very curious, being a small and succulent tetrandrous plant, covering acres of the bottom of salt lakes when the water dries up. No. 114 resembles a small Myosotis, and has prickly seed-vessels. I am unable to ascertain its genus. The extent of our journey to the north-east was about fifty miles, we visited a hill, called by the Aborigines, Wangan Catta, one of the principal objects of my son and of Mr. Gil- bert, who went with us, being to obtain the eggs and see the nest of an extraordinary Gallinaceous bird which breeds there. The natives give it the name of nau; it raises large mounds of gravel, earth, ironstone and vegetable matter, wherein it deposits eggs, and leaves them to be hatched by the heat generated in the fermentation of the vegetable matter which the birds collect. We found four recent nests, but only procured five eggs, the season being rather too early. The bird is the size of domestic fowl, but its eggs are extremely large in proportion, weighing about half-a-pound each : it would be most desirable to introduce this creature into England. The Hakea, (No. 13), is very striking, it forms dense bushes, three or four feet high, and its strong coriaceous Prickly leaves and branches are so closely set, all round, that scarcely any thing can penetrate them: this species abounds in open flats, near the bed of a sort of brackish river, which, Sven at this early season of the year, is quite dried up in this inhospitable country. Em In the box you will find two or three curious Fungi ; one of them, found by my daughter, spreads by spawn underground like the common Mushroom. In a full-grown state, it is about the size of a musket-ball and quite round, when the sort of Outer covering with which it is furnished, expands into ten 9r more very elegantly formed teeth, which, as they hc guard throw the plant above the surface of the ground ; there is an 312 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. inner covering to the seed, and this, in the species found by my daughter, is beautifully marked with teeth, similar in appearance to the peristome of a Moss. Another kind, also in the box, differs in wanting the impressions of teeth ; and another, larger, is altogether destitute of the covering or en- velope to the seeds. I send a single specimen of a peculiar fungus, which looks as if covered with brown sand-paper; I had given you some account of it in a former letter; the ignorant people of the country call it a Kangaroo’s egg, and when they can detect one, always send it home as a vast curiosity. There are five sorts of small animals, like rats and mice, in the box, and two specimens, (a pair), of the native Wom- bats. | Perth, Western Australia, January, 1843. Some months ago, I informed you of my intention to set off on an exploring journey, to the hilly country lying be — tween the Beaufort River and King George's Sound. B the accomplishment of this object, I was joined by Mr. Gilbert; we wished to cross the country from the mouth of the Blackwood to Mount Parker, taking Mounts Roe and Mitchell on our way; but our intention was defeated by the — impossibility of getting over the Scot River and the swampy district in which it rises, when travelling with pack-horses. Nevertheless I was fortunate in procuring plants, and shall - be able to transmit five hundred species, none of which were in the collection sent home by the “Shepherd,” which I hope has arrived ere now in good order. UN We visited Mount William on our way to the south, and I had hoped to obtain some interesting species of Mosses - there; but I am sorry to say that I am much disappointed in this mountain, which, instead of having an elevation % - BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 313 3,600 feet, as stated in the recent map by Arrowsmith, only rises to 1,630. I had indeed been convinced from the as- pect of plants gathered there, that the height of Mount William was over-estimated, and on enquiry of Mr. Roe, the Surveyor-General, that gentleman showed me the measure- ment lately taken by Captain Stokes of the “ Beagle,” who makes it only 1,630 feet. On our journey we gathered some good plants, between the gorge of the Murray River and Mount William. A Dryandra, with the foliage very similar to the Luccombe Oak, ‘might be appropriately called D. quer- cifolia, There were several beautiful Leguminose, one of the finest among them, a Spherolobium, has large crimson flowers, We crossed eight or nine running streams between the Murray and Mount William, several so broad that we were obliged to unload the pack-horses to get them over. The very summit of Mount William is covered with large Maho- gany and Red Gum Trees, and a grove of the common Xan- thorrea. My Hovea grandiflora grows in great plenty and high beauty, on this mountain. I found a curious little Fern on the bank of one of the brooks, its barren leaves resembling 8rass ; it is numbered 225 in the box now sent. Some months ago I made some observations in a letter to you on the country between this place and the Vasse River. I there gathered ripe seeds of Franklandia fucifolia ; it has a trifid awn-like crown to the seed, four inches long. À beautiful proteaceous plant is numbered 5, its long panicles _ of white flowers vary to rose colour: if it be not a Sympho- nema, it may constitute a new genus. Nos. 8 and 9 are, I suppose, species of Agastachys, their seeds being small berries, with a very thin covering ; 27 is an arborescent Lam- bertia, and 95 a remarkable Dryandra, inhabiting Cape in. There are two species of my Dasypogon Hookeri in the box; 31 is a fine Composite from the Vasse Inlet, and. 37 a beautiful Calothamnus from Scot River, the gouty-like Swelings on the stem, whence the flowers are produced, often appear several years before the flowers come out. - 314 A NEW. GENUS OF ASPHODELE. Boronia Molloyi is also sent, and two remarkable varieties of the same, one with pink or rose-coloured flowers, hairy leaves and an upright mode of growth; the other is droop- ing, and has smooth foliage and flowers, which sport into endless gradations of deep purple, rose and crimson, and shading off to snow white; occasionally the extremes of deep purple and white being seen on one plant, and even in the same blossom ; for instance, half white and half crimson, or snow white just tipped with purple. Few plants will be so much admired in England as my Boronia Molloyi, as no per- son can be more deservedly regretted than the amiable lady whose name it bears. Nos. 97 and 98 I suppose to be new species of Roea; the leafless one, 98, has a curious twisted permanent style. No. 100 belongs to the Leguminose, and in my opinion con- stitutes a totally new form of that order, belonging to it m the same way as Chorilena and Diplolena do to Rutacee. Should it prove a new genus, as I anticipate, I would request that it may be called Huttia quadriflora, after our present — Governor, who is most kindly willing to promote the views — — of those Naturalists who desire to explore the colony. — Jas. DRUMMOND. a_i LrrAwTHUS, a new Genus of AsPHopELEJ, from South Africa; by W. H. Harvey, Esa. (Tas. IX.) Lirantuus, Harv. Gen Cuar. Perianthium tubulosum cylindricum, limbo erecto, equali, breviter 6-fido. Stamina 6, fauci inserta, UF clusa; filamenta brevissima. Ovarium triloculare, pluri-ovu- latum. Stylus filiformis; stigma tridentatum. Capsula —? — Herba Capensis perpusilla; radice bulbosa, foliis (ignotis) post anthesin evolutis; scapo setaceo unifloro, bracteis duabus oppositis membranaceis medio affivis. 5 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW NOTYLIA. 315 L. pusillus, Harv. (Tas. IX.) Shady places in the woods by the Zwartkop's River, Uiten- hage, Cape of Good Hope. C. Zeyher.—Drége, Herb. Cap. n. 8514, c. This is perhaps the smallest individual of the Liliaceous group. The bulb is scarcely larger than a good sized pea. The scape, no thicker than a bristle, and scarcely two inches high, appears before the development of the leaves, and bears a solitary nodding greenish-white flower, little more than a line in length, and a third of a line in diameter, subtended by two minute opposite bractez, which are fixed to the Scape by their centres, and are free and patent both at base and apex. The flower is succeeded by an erect capsule, but we have not seen it in a ripe state.—As a genus, it will stand near Uropetalum, from which it differs in habit and in the form of the corolla. Fic. 1, A flower laid open; magnified. Brief description of a new Noryuia; by W. J. H. (Tas. X.) Noryzi1a mMuuTIFLORA, Hook. (not Lindl.) Racemo pendulo multifloro, labello trulliformi ecalloso, se- palis petalisque acutis. (Tan. X.) Haz. Mexico? Plante epiphyte, cæspitosæ. Caulis subnullus, squamis is membranaceis tectus. Folium solitarium, oblongum, subcoriaceum, acutiusculum, venis obsoletis. Pedunculus Tadicalis, simplex, racemosus, pendulus. tacemus 4-5 uncias ngus, multiflorus. Flores parvi, albi, sparsim flavo- macu- lati, basi minute bracteati. Sepala lato-lanceolata, patentia, — | acuta; 2 lateralia fere ad medium connata. Petala. ES conformia, patentia, Labellum trulliforme, seu. " ^euminatum, planum, ecallosum, basi breviter unguiculatum. Gee 316 A NEW GENUS OF FLACOURTIANEA. Columna teres. Anthera ovata, obtuse subacuminata, dor- salis, unilocularis. Pollinia duo, ovata, seu potius obovata ; caudicula elongata, glandula minuta. This is believed to be an inhabitant of Mexico, and is drawn from a living plant at Kew, which formed part of the collection of the late Duke of Bedford. Besides the two species of Dr. Lindley in his * Gen. et Spec. Orchid." there are several described by the same author in the Appendices to the Botanical Register; but the present does not appear to accord with any of them. It was quite by inadvertence that the specific name of multiflora was given to this plant by me and written upon the plate: for there is a Notylia multiflora of Dr. Lindley in Bot. Reg. sub tab. 930, and kept up in the Gen. et Spec. Orchid. As however that plant is avowedly the Pleurothallis sagittifera of Humboldt, and as our species bears more nu- merous flowers, the prior name of sagittifera had better, per- haps, be restored to Dr. Lindley's N. multiflora. Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, front view of the column and lip (the latter forced down) ; f. 3, lateral view of the column and lip; f. 4, inner view of the anther-case.—magnified. On a new Genus of Fuacourtiansx, recently detected by Mr. Purdie in Jamaica; by W. J. H. ; Among several interesting plants, of which dried speci- mens were sent home from Jamaica by Mr. Purdie, collector forthe Royal Botanie Garden of Kew, is the one here re- presented, and of which I proceed to give a description ‘under : the name of Lunania, in compliment to Mr. John Lunan,* author of the Flora Jamaicensis. It appears evidently to belong to the family of Flacourtianee, yet to differ in 5° many points from any described genus, that I shall not at- * Lunanea of De Candolle, the ** Bichy” of the negroes, introduced by them to the West Indies from Guinea, is Sterculia. ES A NEW GENUS OF FLACOURTIANEX. 317 tempt to offer a comparison: nor indeed do I possess materials sufficient for that purpose. Mr. Purdie speaks of it as a “large forest tree, having a singular appearance.” LuNANIA, nov. Gen. Calyx di sepalus, eestivatione valvatus ; sepalis ovato-rotun- datis, concavo-ventricosis, membranaceis, patentibus, et, ut videtur, persistentibus. Corolla nulla. Discus hypogynus staminifer, magnus, basin ovarii cingens, cyathiformis, per- sistens, 6-dentatus, dentibus acutis cum filamentis alternan- tibus. Stamina 6. Filamenta subulata, ad marginem disci inserta, erecta, equalia. Anthere oblongo-ovate, basi affixee, biloculares, marginem versus longitudinaliter antrorsum dehiscentes, Pistillum |. Ovarium ovatum, basi constric- tum et quasi brevissime stipitatum, uniloculare, placentis tribus parietalibus ovuliferis ; ovulis numerosis. Stylus brevis, crassiusculus, apice trifidus. Stigmata truncata, obtusa. Fructus immaturus ut in ovario, basi sepalis disco hypogyno flamentisque persistentibus instructus. : Arbor grandis insule Jamaice. Rami divaricati, graciles, lignosi, flecuosi, cortice pallide cinereo tecti. Folia alterna, re- mola, majuscula, 4-5-uncialia, ovata, acuminata, nunc inferne subobliqua, petiolata, subcoriaceo-membranacea, omnino inte- . gerrima, glaberrima, subtus pallidiora, e basi 3- rarius. sub- Quinquenervia, nervis venis transversalibus connexis, et sub lente ubique tenuiter reticulata. Petiolus teres, gracilis. Stipule nulle. Flores racemosi. Racemi longissimi, filiformes, penduli, Pedales et ultra simplices v. ramosi, terminales vel ple- rumque laterales, e ramis vetustioribus aphyllis, breviter pe- ti. Flores parvi, sparsi, rarius subaggregati, brevis- sime pedicellati. Pedicelli quasi in rachin articulati, basi squa- mulis minutissimis subulatis bracteati. Lunania racemosa. (Tass. XI, XII.) D oe Has. Woods above Rio Manna, St. Mary's, Jamaica, Mr. Wm. Purdie. | pee Mr. Purdie does not appear to have met with the ripe fruit 318 ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. of this plant. The most advanced state (represented at our fig. 5.) was scarcely altered in appearance from the ovary. The plant is certainly a very remarkable one, and appears to be quite overlooked by previous travellers; and is probably confined to the district just mentioned. In some respects the flowers seem to approach the Passifloree, and Mr. Ben- nett (Plante: Javanice Rariores, p. 189) observes that “the intimate relation of Flacourtianee (or Prockiacee) with Pas- sifloree, Homalinee, and Samydee, is sufficiently obvious.” Fic. 1, Flower ; f. 2, hypogynous disk or cup laid open to show the pistil; f. 3, transverse section of the ovary; f. 4» stamen ; f. 5, immature fruit —magnified. A On the Cuticle of Plants; by Pror. Huco Mont, Translated from the German in Linnea, vol. 16, p. 401, by the REY- M. J. BERKELEY. (Tas. XIIL.) Amongst those organs of plants, which as regards struc- ture and development are still extremely obscure, is that called the cuticle. After the notion, which resulted from the inquiries of the preceding ten years, that the epidermis O plants is a layer of cells and not a simple membrane, was universally esteemed true, Ad. Brongniart (Ann. des Sc. Nat. Série I, 65) showed unexpectedly that an homogeneous or granular membrane was separable by maceration from the = upper surface of the epidermis,* which was distinct from the Be * Link (Element. phil. bot. Ed. 2. 1. 83) refers the discovery of the cuticle to Ludwig. It is true that by maceration Ludwig separated & membrane from the surface of plants, in which he could find no cells. This, however, was the whole of the knowledge he possessed on the sub- ject. He was not acquainted with the true epidermis, for he says, (instit. regni veg. Ed. 2, $ 345), that the bark consists of cuticle and parenchym + his view is also fundamentally the same with that of the many early phy- totomists, that the outer coat of plants is a simple membrane. The differ- e énce between cuticle and epidermis was established by Brongniart. ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. 319 walls of the cells of the epidermis, 'running without interrup- tion over their commissures, clothing the whole plant with the exception of the spongioles of the roots and most stigmas, but pierced at the stomata. In later treatises this membrane has received the name of cuticle. Treviranus (Physiol. I, 448) confirmed the existence of this outer membrane, though he did not regard it as a pe- culiar membrane, but considered it attributable to a conti- nued deposition of a coagulable substance from within or from without. I must myself plead guilty of another explanation of its origin, namely, from the expansion of the intercellular sub- Stance over the upper surface of the epidermal cells. I look upon this notion now as altogether erroneous, notwithstand- ing the support which it has received from Valentin (Reper- tor. für Anat. u. Physiol. 1. 100.) Link (phil. bot. edit. 2. I. 85) follows the view of Bron- Eniart, and says expressly that the cuticle can neither be regarded as the confluent outer walls of the epidermal cells, nor as a deposition of coagulable matter, relying on the distinctly defined separation between the cuticle and sub- jacent cells, as also upon the difference of colour in the parts exhibited by some plants. Meyen (Wiegm. Archiv. 1837. I. 221. Physiol. I. 176) ar- rived at a totally different result in his inquiries regarding the cuticle as nothing more than the incrassated outer wall of the epidermal cells. -Schleiden now opposes this explanation, and with Trevi- Tanus regards the cuticle as a mass secreted by the epidermal cells (Grundzüge d. Wiss. Botanik. I. 288.) He says that a gelatinous substance appears in the interstices between the individual cells which hardens and forms a network; at a later period the whole cell is covered with a similar layer, | Which unites with the network, and is quickly indurated ; then the epidermal cells secrete on their upper surfac p a less firm, and thick substance which raises up the earlier 320 ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. layer with the incorporated network, and increases to a con- derable thickness. This diversity of views led me to institute a series of ob- servations on the subject, the result of which is exhibited in what follows : If a transverse section of epidermis be treated with iodine, in most cases the walls of the epidermal cells remain unco- loured, and only in particular instances, as in the leaf of Cycas revoluta, Hakea pachyphylla, Elymus arenarius, they assume a more or less deep yellow tinge; the coat, however, whether thin or thick, which covers the surface of the epi- - dermis, becomes under the same treatment, deep yellow or brown. If the epidermis thus treated with iodine be now placed in sulphuric acid, the portion of the cells which before remained colourless dissolves, and in so doing, in many cases, assumes a fine indigo; the yellow outer coat or cuticle, on the contrary, remains undissolved. This latter phenomenon is not however exhibited precisely in the same way by all plants; in most cases, the sulphuric acid has no influence, m other cases the cuticle is changed into a dark brown, which often fades after a certain time; in other cases, the cuticle becomes somewhat loose, without any real dissolution, while commonly many little air-bubbles are developed in its sub- stance, doubtless in consequence of the decomposition of the contained carbonic-acid salts. On examining delicate transverse sections of soft organs which are not coated with a leather-like epidermis; as mem- branous leaves, herbaceous stems, petals, stamens, ovaries, we find commonly the outer layer, which is coloured yellow byiodine, very thin. The coats of the epidermal cells are either all of tolerably equal thickness; e. g. Elymus are narius, (fig. 1), Vanilla planifolia, Helleborus fcetidus, (fg- 2); or the outer wall of the epidermal cells is decidedly thicker than the lateral and inner walls; e. g. in the leaves of fimbriata, (fig. 4), Dianthus plumarius, (fig. 3), and the s" mens of Tulipa Gesneriana, (fig. 5). - UT ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. 321 The cuticle in all cases appears to be a continuous membrane in which at the commissures of the subjacent epidermal cells there is no evidence that it is composed of single pieces which correspond with the outer walls of these cells. The outer sur- face of the cuticle is either perfectly smooth or distinguished with straight (Rumex Patientia) or irregularly branched (Hel- leborus fetidus) raised lines, which frequently run uninter- ruptedly over the commissures of the cells; or it is studded with smaller or larger granules, as is the case with many hairs, e. g. in those of Campanula Medium, many Boraginee, &c. These granules exhibit frequently on the hairs a spiral arrangement, and not unfrequently on the lower portions of the hair pass by extension into obliquely running streaks; whence it appears clearly that the raised lines and the isolated granules are formations of the same kind, and differ from one another only in form. In a transverse section of the leaf of Helleborus foetidus and Dianthus plumarius, it is clear that these raised stripes are indicative of so many folds in the whole membrane. j = The epidermal cells are often dotted; commonly, as in Vanilla planifolia, only on the lateral and inner walls ; more rarely, as in Cycas revoluta and Elymus arenarius (fig. 1), on the outer wall also. In those cells in which the outer wall is thicker than the lateral walls, the deposition of secondary Coats, on which the incrassation of the outer wall depends, Seems not to take place in all cases in the same way. In many plants, as Dianthus, the secondary coats of the lateral - walls evidently are continuous with those secondary coats Which in the outer wall of the cell lie immediately beneath the primary membrane, and there are found on the outer wall under the above noted coat still more interior coats, Which are not continued upon the lateral walls, or of which * In consequence of the generally toothed commissures of the epidermal cells in grasses, a peculiar crossing of the canals of the dots which Jie in the angle of these walls with those of the proximate cell takes place in the Point of juncture of the outer and lateral walls. 322 ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. the continuation running over the lateral walls is so thin that it cannot be demonstrated. In other plants, on the contrary, as in Tulipa, the secondary coats of the lateral walls pass into the inmost coat of the outer wall; and beyond this a number of layers are found, which are deposited merely on the outer wall, and not on the lateral walls. This latter for- mation might easily induce one to believe that the epidermal cells consist only of the inmost layers, which surround their cavity, and that all the coats deposited upon their outer surface do not belong to the wall of the cell itself, but are coats secreted upon the outer surface of the epidermis. The observation, however, of the forms to be adduced presently, e. g. Hakea pachyphylla will prove the wrongness of such an explanation, and show that all the secondary coats are de- positions in the hollow of the cells. A. structure apparently essentially different from that hi- therto noticed is found in the epidermis of many thick fleshy or coriaceous leaves. Here we find the outer wall of the epidermal cells proportionally surprizingly thick as compared with their other walls, and on treatment with iodine, not merely a thin membrane seated upon the epidermis becomes quite yellow, but almost the whole mass of the outer epi- dermal wall assumes this colour, and all this thick coat resists the agency of sulphuric acid. The real difference however of the cuticle of these leaves from that of thin leaves consists not in its mass, but in the circumstance that instead of forming an homogeneous coat, it exhibits a composition of different parts. We see, for instance, in a thin and clean cross section of Aloé obliqua, (fig. 7), the lateral walls of the epidermal cells continuous with the cuticle and pass into a — membrane covering the epidermis on its outer side. .There can be no doubt here that the cuticle, far from being an uni- form membrane deposited on the outer surface of the epi- dermis, consists of the combined outer walls of the epidermal cells and a portion of the secondary membranes deposited - in their cavities, and that the chemieal peculiarities of the ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. 393 cuticle are ascribable to a metamorphosis of the cellular membrane, which only takes place in the externally situated portions of the epidermal cells. Many slight deviations from this structure occur; some- times the substance of all the outer wall and lateral walls as far as they lie between the secondary coat exhibits the cha- racters of cuticle; e. g. Hoya carnosa ; sometimes a stratum of colourless matter (Membranenstoffes) lies on the inner side of the cuticular coats, as far as they constitute the outer wall and a portion of the lateral walls of the epidermal cells, as in Aloë obliqua; sometimes the inner colourless stratum covers all sides of the epidermal cells, and seems at first sight to form the whole wall of the cells, as in Arbutus unedo, (fig. 6); Cactus triangularis, and Viscum album ; sometimes the primary lateral walls of the cells are so far changed into the cuticular mass, as they are covered with a yellow secon- dary coat, as in the Aloé obliqua; sometimes this change in the primary lateral walls extends inwards further than that in the secondary coat, and therefore they enter between the uncoloured secondary lateral walls in the form of plates, as in Arbutus unedo. When the yellow mass which fills the outer portion of the cavity of the cell appears uniform, as in the cases just ad- duced, one is with difficulty convinced that one has to do with secondary membranes ; on the contrary, especially when - the uncoloured inmost coats form closed utricles as in Viscum, it is easy to imagine, that these unclosed membranes constitute the whole epidermal cell; and that the yellow or brown outer mass is a deposition external to the cells, in accordance with the views of Treviranus and Schleiden. f In these cases a proof that the yellow coats are deposited within, and not externally to the epidermal cells, is found in the presence of the primary wall of the cell upon the outer surface of the cuticle, as also in the circumstance that the Primary membranes of the lateral walls run through the cuticle to the outer coat. But inasmuch as this formation admits of another, though as I conceive a forced explanation, 324 ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. it is necessary to search for examples which are less ambi- guous. Such are afforded by the following observations. In the epidermis of the stem of Kleinia neriifolia, as in Hoya carnosa, the inner uncoloured coat, which is so easily taken for the whole epidermal cellis wanting ; and the incrassated outer membrane, which is turned brown by iodine, is very clearly seen to be composed of many coats lying one over the other, which are deposited on the outer wall of the cell within its cavity, and by which the continuation of the lateral walls to the outer surface, as one membrane is clearly proved. The same appearance is exhibited in the epidermis of the leaf of Hakea pachyphylla (in which the inner coat is really present, though like the true cuticle, it assumes a yellow tinge with iodine, and is proved by its dots to be a secondary membrane), if the epidermis is treated with sulphuric acid, (fig. 8), for the mass deposited in the cavity of the cells is then seen evidently to consist of coats. In the epidermis of Hakea gibbosa the laminated structure is not only clear with- out the application of sulphuric acid in the greatest part of this deposited mass, but there are found also in it a great number of radiating narrow dot-canals which leave no doubt as to its real nature. In many cases, as in Taxus baccata, the different colouring also which the inner and outer por- tions of the cuticle assume from the action of iodine indicate a similar lamination. If these cases shew with the most complete evidence, that the cuticle is formed of the outer thickened walls of the epi- dermal cells, in many other plants possessing a thick cuticle it is not easy to ascertain the fact, since the different parts | which compose the cuticle are more or less perfectly com- bined into an homogeneous mass. We must distinguish here some modifications. A. In many plants, e. g. Sanseviera zeylanica, Nerium Oleander, Agave lurida, the primary membrane is recog- nisable as a distinct stratum, as also many layers of Se^ we condary membrane on the outer wall, and the outer half the lateral walls of the epidermal cells, of which the inner- ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. 325 most is not coloured by iodine, while the more external layers become brown. Between these layers and the primary wall, we find a more or less thick, light coloured homoge- neous stratum. If we compare this structure with the epi- dermis of Taxus baccata, it cannot be doubted that this middle homogeneous layer consists of the outer secondary mem- branes of the epidermal cells, which have contracted so intimate a union with one another, that the limits between the different cells are no longer visible. B. If in the preceding case, together with a visible lami- nation of the wall of the cells, they are combined laterally to Such a degree as to lose all trace of their original division, in other cases, on the contrary, in combination with a dis- tinct preservation of the boundary lines between the different cells, we have a perfect amalgamation of the different yellow- coloured coats of the same cell, e. g. Phormium tenax, Aloé margantifera. C. Lastly it happens, that this intimate amalgamation, as well of the coats of each individual cell, as of the different cells one with another takes place to such a degree, that the cuticle forms one uniform mass. This intimate amalgamation takes place only in the outer layers of the cuticle, while, in the inner layers a distinction of individual cells and membranes is possible, as in Ephedra Distachya, Ilex Agnifolium ; sometimes it is found in the entire cuticle, as in Phormium tenax,* Lomatophyllum borbonicum, Ruscus aculeatus, Cycas revoluta. With this last form we have arrived at a modification of the euticle, which agrees in reality with the cuticle of soft herbaceous parts, with which we commenced. In either case the cuticle appears as an homogeneous membrane which mvests the epidermal cells on their outer side, with the single exception, that in the thick coriaceous leaves of a Cycas they * Though the leaf of this plant has no upper or under side; but both Surfaces of the leaves correspond with the under side in other plants, the epidermis of either side is not exactly of the same nature. This observation applies also to many species of Iris. | 326 ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. form a thick stratum, while in the thin leaves of a Dianthus they form a thin stratum, and that in the thick leaves the cuticle generally gives rise to attenuated lamine, which make their way between the epidermal cells. If then, the obser- vations adduced, prove that the cuticle of coriaceous leaves is no distinct membrane; but arises from the union of the primary cellular membrane with a greater or less quantity of secondary layers of the epidermal cells, we are compelled to allow the same mode of development in the thin cuticle of herbaceous leaves. In all the forms hitherto examined, the cuticle was situated on the outer side of the epidermal cells, or rather was formed through incrassation of their walls. The cuticle of the leaves of Billbergia zebrina and Bromelia ananas is an exception to this, for in these cases the outer wall of the epidermal cells exhibits only a moderate thickness, while that of the inner wall is considerable, and at the same time the sub- jacent layer of cells possess thickened walls on their outer- side, so that the cuticle thus formed lies between two rows of cellular cavities. ae The union of the cuticle with the other membranes of the epidermal cells is in leaves and stems very intimate. The case is quite different with the cuticle of the stigmatic papille of many plants, since it possesses a greater compass than the cells inclosed by it, consisting of secondary membrane, as is very beautifully seen in Convallaria multiflora, Papaver orientale and Glaucium luteum. According to the assertion of Hartig (neue Theorie der Befrucht. der Pf. S. 23) in this- case the cuticle does not clothe the whole hair; but extends — only to the point where the base of one hair is joined to — that of another, over which it passes without interruption, and thus forms a common envelope. I am unable, how- ever, to confirm this, though in the above named plants especially in Papaver orientale I have separated the papille from one another, and seen merely the membrane distinctly | surrounding the whole hair under the form of a closed cell. The interval between the outer thin membrane which i$ — ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. 327 coloured yellow by iodine, and the inner thick secondary membrane, in general not capable of being so coloured, is filled with fluid, through which the pollen tube, after it has burst through the outer membrane, descends. Notwithstanding the perfect proof afforded by the above- mentioned facts, that the cuticle is formed of the outer coats of the epidermal cells, this inference for a long time ap- peared to me very doubtful, in consequence of the raised lines which are found on the cuticle of many plants passing frequently without any interruption from one cell to another, (compare the cuticle of the stem of Rumex Patientia with that of the leaf of Helleborus fcetidus). This phenomenon, independent of the structure of the individual epidermal cells appeared to shew that the cuticle ought to be considered as a distinct membrane. The alleged observations, however, contradicted this so strongly, that I was compelled to con- sider it erroneous ; and in point of fact, it appears that the continuation of the raised lines over the commissures of the cells on a closer inspection does not contradict the explana- tion given above of the origin of the cuticle. v The examination of the epidermis in different periods of growth, shews that the epidermal cells of organs in an early stage of growth are perfectly smooth, and that not till after the deposition of secondary coats in the cells, and after the change of their upper surface into a characteristic cuticle, those elevations in the form of continuous lines or isolated Sranules are at all visible. Its production is a consequence of a partial growth in the outer layers of the epidermis, Which takes place at a late period of its evolution. This growth, and the elevation of the outer surface into stripes, and papille seems to stand in intimate connexion with the chemical metamorphosis which the cellular membrane un- dergoes in the course of its change into cuticle; at least, this View seems strengthened by the circumstance, that in many Species of aloés, e. g. Aloë margaritifera, the inner side of the cuticle is raised into warts similar with those on the Cuter surface; while the innermost coat, which dissolves in 328 ON THE CUTICLE OF PLANTS. sulphuric acid, and is not colourable by Iodine is perfectly even. Since the cuticle increases in thickness with age, and this increase can only take place by the change of the coat which dissolves in sulphuric acid into the cuticular mass; this change appears to consist not merely in a chemical metamorphosis of the cellular membrane; but also to be combined with a change of structure. The membranes | changed into cuticle, appear in consequence of this meta- morphosis as a peculiar organ, distinct both as to substance and structure from the epidermal cells. The portion of the cuticle arising from each epidermal cell is in so intimate a connexion with the adjacent portions arising from other epidermal cells, that not only in many cases the eye cannot trace the commissures ; but also the growth to which those raised lines over their origin is in common. Thus the cuticular membranes arising from different cells run together into a common compound organ, somewhat in the same way as the lateral walls of a long row of vascular cells after the disappearance of their dissepiments form one compound organ; viz. a vessel This circumstance justifies us com- pletely in distinguishing the cuticle by a particular name as à distinct coat from the epidermis, though I hope the above observations have proved that it is formed of the outer walls of the epidermal cells themselves. Tübingen, July 1, 1842. ExeLANATION Or PLATE. (Tas. XIII.) 1. Epidermis of leaf of Elymus arenarius 2. ditto Helleborus foetidus 3. ditto Dianthus plumarius 4. ditto Iris fimbriata 5. ditto of stamen of Tulipa Gesneriana — 6. ditto of leaf of Arbutus Unedo 7. ditto Aloé obliqua 8. ditto (treated with sulphuric acid) Hakea pachyphylla — 9 . ditto of leaf of Phormium tenax . 10. ditto from the other side of the leaf. zr. DECADES OF FUNGI. 329 We have only selected such of the figures as are abso- lutely necessary for the comprehension of the Paper. In the original there are 34 figures, filling two large quarto plates. ee Decapves or Func. Decade II. By C. Montacne, D.M. and the Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A. F.L.S. “(With Two Plates, Tans. XIV. XV.) About the same time a small collection of Fungi made by Zollinger in Java was placed in my hands by Sir W. J. Hooker, and in those of Dr. Montagne by M. le Comte Jaubert; Dr. Montagne having written to me respecting one or two of them, but especially respecting a very interesting Hymenomycetous genus, and finding that I had already pur- posed describing the species in the London Journal of Botany, very kindly proposed that they should be published in our joint names. To this I most readily acceded, and must frankly own that I am indebted to him for some very valuable observations. The greater part of the species are quite distinct from anything that Junghuhn published in his Paper on the Fungi of Java, a fact which makes it probable that the mycology of that country is very rich. To the species of Zollinger I have added a fine Hydnum collected in Java by Spanoghe, and to complete the decade two species sent by Schomburgk from British Guiana. 11. HyugNoGRAMME, n. g. | : Hymenium lamellosum. Lamelle confert: omnium tenu- ISSimze et angustissime, vix nisi oculo armato conspicue, longitrorsiim flexuoso-parallele, saepissime furcate atque inde Spurie canaliculate, juncturis obliquis aut transversalibus ?nastomosantes, minutissime, forsan e conidiis, niveo-fari- nose.—Fungus lignatilis e mycelio floccoso (niveo) fibras lignosas profunde intrante longe lateque diffuso: compositus, resupinatus. Genus Agariceum Lenziti affine a quo non solum hymenophoro floccoso lignum miro modo penetrante, nec, VOL. 111. 2B 330 DECADES OF FUNGI. ut in Lenzite, subereo nec coriaceo, sed etiam lamellularam structurá formáque differt. H. Javensis, Mont. and Berk. (Tas. XIV.) Java. Zollinger n. 969. Effused for several inches and forming a nearly uniform stratum about 3 a line thick, springing from a white floccose mycelium consisting of intricate osculating irregularly branched inarticulate threads, which penetrate deeply into the substance of the matrix, and are quite confluent with its fibres; margin distinct, not the least byssoid, slightly at- tenuated and elevated. Hymenium pale straw colour, con- sisting of extremely delicate linear lamella, which are fre- quently forked and connected by anastomosing branches so as to form parallel slightly sinuous elongated alveoli. In general it is at a considerable distance from the point of bifurcation that the gills begin to diverge, and consequently the edges appear canaliculated as in Trogia, though they are not really grooved. They are clothed with a white farinose substance consisting of minute subglobose bodies which are either the true spores or conidia. In a vertical section there is a darker line corresponding with each gill, which seems to indicate that the plant is of slow growth. This genus is a nearer approach to the more perfect forms of Hymenomycetes even than Lenzites, and is to Polyporus what Lenzites is to Dedalea. The spurious canaliculation of the gills is an exaggeration of the little groove which often appears at the commencement of the bifurcation of gills pr folds, as for instance in Cantharellus Aurantiacus. It 18 possible that this may be the same species with what Junghuhn has described under the name of Laschia crus- facea. Unfortunately the figure is not contained in any of the copies of his memoir which we have seen, and there are certain difficulties about the description. But even should it be the same it would be necessary to propose a new generic name as that of Laschia has been given by Fries to a different fungus. His second species of Laschia belongs clearly to some other genus. DECADES OF FUNGI. 331 Tab. XIV. fig. 1. Plant nat. size. a. Hymenium of H. Javensis magnified 60 diameters. 5. Vertical section of ditto magnified 50 diameters. c. Threads of mycelium highly magnified. *Schizophyllum commune, Fr. Java. Zollinger, n. 519. 12. Polyporus (Mesopus) Schomburgkii, Mont. et Berk., gracilis coriaceo-suberosus; pileo orbiculari depresso umbilieato quandoque laterali, fisso-lobato tenui rigidiusculo concentrice zonato radiatim ruguloso sericeo-striato fusco- umbrino intus stipiteque gracili flexuoso rugoso concolori ; hymenio concaviusculo sepiario; poris minimis rotundis, dissepimentis tenuibus. British Guiana. Schomburgk. Pileus i-9 inches across, coriaceo-suberose rather rigid about a line thick orbicular deeply incised and lobato- crenate depressed umbilicate repeatedly zoned concentri- cally, with the zones waved from radiating slightly ru- gose lines, sericeo-striate, rather shining, but not the least laccate, of a brown umber as is also the internal Substance, Stem 14 inches or more high, 4 a line thick, of the same colour as the pileus flexuous marked with short longitudinal pits either perfectly central or lateral. Hyme- nium sepia-brown approaching to black, slightly concave; even; pores very minute, scarcely visible to the naked eye, about + of a line deep: dissepiments very thin. This species in some respects resembles Pol. auriscalpium, which has the stem occasionally central; but from an in- spection of authentic specimens of that plant, it appears that t is a far more elegant and very distinct species. The pileus has not the slightest laccate crust, though this point is not always to be depended on. * Pol. zanthopus, Fr. Java. Zollinger, n. 1082. The stem in these specimens is the species, but of the same colo 332 DECADES OF FUNGI. however, no other difference. In one individual the stem is inclined to be proliferous. * Pol, sanguineus, Fr. Java. Zollinger, n. 8 13. Pol. (Apus) pullus, Mont. et Berk. minimus, sabini bricatus lateraliter confluens durus; pileo dimidiato porrecto semiorbiculari conchato, supra idliunme velutino minute concentriceque zonato, hymenioque spadiceo-pullo, zonis tenuibus subcristulatis; margine acuto scabriusculo, poris contextuque ferrugineo-fuscis minutis angulatis ore cinereis. Java. Zollinger, n. 983. 1000. Pilei subimbricate laterally confluent dimidiate conchi- form or ungulate with the apex often — and then subtriquetrous hard 1-À of an inch broad, 3 of an inch long, dark red brown very minutely velvety marked with fine concentric zones which are often slightly crested; margin acute slightly scabrous. Hymenium concave, cinereous OF cinnamon; pores proportionably rather long minute punc- tiform slightly angular ferruginous within as is the substance of the pileus, not properly stratose, though a new layer is deposited from time to time on the old surface of the hymenium. A very curious little species allied to Pol. spadiceus, Berk., Pol. tabacinus, Mont. and Pol. pectinatus, Klotzsch; but distinct from all. The substance is remarkably hard, and of a less yellow tint than in Pol. pectinatus. It is distinguished from Pol. spadiceus by its whole habit and far harder sub- stance, and from all the three by many characters. 14. Sistotrema autochthon, Mont. et Berk. totus effusus resupinatus subiculo membranaceo subtus tomentoso, demum sicco fragilissimo ; ambitu indeterminato ; hymenio inequa- bili pallido; lamellulis brevibus iregularibus poros ne magnos formantibus. Creeping over red earth with. a chalky : substratum. Java. Pas Zollinger, n. 390. : E ie pee m two or more a inal broad which follow a i DECADES OF FUNGI. 333 the inequalities of the soil. Subiculum thin membranaceous formed of delicate byssoid threads which penetrate here and there into the earth in little villous tufts in some parts loosely interwoven, but in other parts more compact, par- tially separable when fresh, but when dry very brittle. Border indeterminate without any byssoid fringe. Hyme- nium uneven, following the inequalities of the soil irregular sprinkled with patches of short flat tooth-like processes which form more or less distinct but extremely irregular large pores, which in the most highly developed portions of the hymenium are of a pale tan-colour. The internal tissue of the lamellar processes is remarkably complicated forming a net-work from the frequent anastomosing of the irregular flocci of which it is formed. The connexion of these with the fructifying surface, whose structure in the dry plant is very obscure, has not been ascertained satis- factorily. This is one of those species which it is difficult to refer to any genus; the structure of the present, however, appears to be exactly that of Sistotrema, though it might with nearly equal justice be associated with Pol. radula, aneirina, $c. Nothing can be more irregular than the disposition of the processes which though forming loose pores are from the Very first toothed and irregular. 15. Hydnum selerodontium, n. s. orbiculare totum effusum Tésupinatum; subiculo tenui levi glaberrimo nitido ochraceo; aculeis sparsis rotundis attenuatis longissimis flexuosis rigidis hic illic divisis rufis. Jaya, Spanoghe ; on bark. B uie Forming large orbicular patches 3 inches or more in ameter, Effused and perfectly resupinate. Subiculum thin adnate ochraceous very smooth and shining; margin White, extremely narrow and indistinct scarcely byssoid. ei scattered half an inch or more long round slightly i . ‘attenuated acute flexuous rigid as thick as a bristle, here end there, but rarely divided, of a rich rufous brown. The Subiculum sometimes runs up the base of the aculei for . 334 DECADES OF FUNGI. some distance and sometimes clothes the shorter ones entirely. - This is a very fine and remarkable species resembling in some respects H. crinale, but differing in its scattered aculei and in several other points. The aculei are in this species so large and distinct that it might almost be referred to the genus Clavaria, so intimately are the genera connected in Hymenomycetous Fungi. 16. Irpex incrustans Mont. et Berk. pileo effuso-reflexo margine in lobos semiorbiculares diviso subcoriaceo fo- mentoso albo-ochraceo, subiculo tomentoso; dentibus la- melloso-seriatis incisis acutis ochraceis. 7 British Guiana. Schomburgk. On dead sticks. Running for several inches over dead sticks which it com- pletely incrusts, spreading beyond them, and forming many semiorbicular lobes; thin of a soft but coriaceous texture | indistinctly zoned above, pallid ochraceous clothed with short matted down. Hymenium consisting of flat acute slightly lobed teeth which are arranged more or less dis- tinctly in lamelliform series, of a more or less deep ochra- ceous tint. The lamelliform arrangement is very di ti towards the margin; but as is usual parts of the plant exhibit more or less distinct pores which are, howeven evidently not the normal structure. This species which illustrates admirably the genus Irpex; bears a strong resemblance to well-developed individuals Hydnum ochraceum, though the processes of the hymenium : are totally different. 3 : 17. Stereum obliquum, Mont. et Berk. minimum coria- ceum pileo verticali elongato flabelliformi polito glabro gub- zonato sub lente sericeo-striato castaneo-badio ; stipite € 999^ — orbiculari oriente erecto laterali velutino cervino. Hymen? — definito subcinereo lineolato. Java. Zollinger, n. 983. e Whole plant, not exceeding 1j inch in' height. Pileus thin coriaceous elongated spathulato-flabelliform of i $ chesnut brown inclining to bay, obscurely zoned i DECADES OF FUNGI. 335 but under a lens finely seriato-striate; margin indistinctly fimbriate. Stem about 4 an inch high, not 4 a line thick erect springing from a membranous orbicular base, velvety, of a yellowish fawn colour. Hymenium distinctly defined ; often with a little raised border at the base springing from the edge of pileus ochraceoüs with a cinereous tinge subse- tulose, distinctly though minutely marked with elongated sometimes branched lines. A very elegant species which cannot be confounded with any described species. It resembles, perhaps, Thelephora au- rantiaca more than any other Fungus; but it is abundantly distinct. — * Stereum /obatum, Kze. Java. Zollinger, n. 91. * Nidularia byssiseda, Jung. Java. Zollinger, n. 201. * Guepinia fissa. Berk. Java. Zollinger, n. 123. Not so much divided as the original specimens in the British Museum ; but otherwise not different. : 18. Dothidea examinans, Berk. et Mont. gregaria, erumpens, tuberculosa, nigra; tuberculis cæspitosis depressis Collapsis opacis intus unipluri-cellulosis. Spheria exami- nans, Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. i, p. 156. On decayed sticks bursting through the bark. Java. Zollinger, n. 520. Forming little gregarious scattered or seriate patches Scarcely a line broad of an opake black. Patches tuber- culated ; tubercles depressed, excavated, as if collapsed, con- sisting externally of a cellular coat, which when viewed by transmitted light is of a deep blue, internally containing Sometimes a single cell only; but more generally z large quantity of subglobose cells without any proper perithecium ™mersed in a cellular black stroma. Asci short obtuse containing subeymbiform brown sporidia. The opacity of the outer surface of the tubercles arises from the con- ion of the walls of the cells of which it is composed. 336 DECADES OF FUNGI. This species has exactly the habit of a Spheria of the Cespitose tribe; but there is no real perithecium, and though the tubercles sometimes contain but a single cell, there are generally a great many cells, and the species must therefore be referred to Dothidea. Dr. Montagne had pro- posed for it the name of D. pSseudo-spheria; but as the Philippine Island plant proved to be the same species, the original specific name has been retained. 19. Doth. Zollingeri, Mont. et Berk. orbicularis, stromate - epiphyllo atro-nitente, cellulis minimis conico-hemispheerieis tectis aggregatis nitidis poro inconspicuo pertusis. Sporidüs —— oblongis fuscis biloculatis. 5 E .. On living leaves. Java. Zollinger, n. 308. (Tas. XV. B.) Forming on the upper surface of the leaf, exactly orbicular planesometimes confluent spots 4 ofan inch broad, of a shining pitchy black, and rough with the ostiola. Perithecia very small covered conico-hemispherical depressed shining scarce ¿ of a line in diameter pierced above with a scarcely perceptible pore. Asci short obtuse containing eight bilo- cular oblong sporidia which are constricted in the middle and have a single oil-globule in each division. These are at first hyaline but at length become brown and are twice as long asat first. Paraphyses linear slightly branched. Amongst the paraphyses are found abortive asci which present exactly the appearance of the young spores of a Diplodia. On the E. under side of the leaf there is a little depression answer ——— to each spot. age This species which is a very beautiful one varies €x- tremely in size. It is only in the finest patches that perfect asci have been found. The same leaves are sprinkled with Micropeltis applanata, Mont. in fine condition, a species found hitherto only in Cuba. | Tab. XV. B. fig. a. paraphyses and abortive asci, with a portion of the cellular stroma; 5. asci and sporidia, with. paraphyses; c. tip of one of the asci, with sporidia; d. spores in different stages of evolution: highly mag- nified. es DECADES OF FUNGI. 337 20. Doth. appendiculosa, Mont. and Berk. stromate sub- orbieulari plano epiphyllo fusco opaco ambitu breviter et minutissime fimbriato; cellulis hemisphericis prominulis ; ascis brevibus; sporidiis oblongo-ellipticis basi appendi- culatis fuscis, sursum circumscissis. (Tas. XV. A.) On living leaves. Java. Zollinger, n. 803. Forming epiphyllous, scattered, suborbicular, opake, brown, flat spots about half a line broad, mixed with smaller spots, which contain a single cell only. Border shortly, but very distinctly fringed under the microscope. Cells hemispherical, for the most part projecting above the surface of the stroma, which is quite superficial, indistinctly perforated. Asci short, obtuse, containing eight brown oblong elliptic sporidia, fur- nished at the base with a little colourless papilla, in general, circumscissile at the apex, though the division sometimes takes place nearer to the centre. The fimbriated margin consists of branched threads formed of short, generally nearly square articulations. This species is as to its stroma, an Asteroma; but it contains distinct asci, which enclose eight very curious Sporidia, resembling in form the seeds of the Buck bean, being furnished with an appendage at the base, as in Spheria Thyrsus, Berk. In outward form it resembles somewhat Dothidea conspurcata, Berk.; but differs in the structure of the stroma, and if the minute elliptic bodies observed in that species be reproductive, most materially as to the spo- ridia, The stroma is so completely superficial, that there is no indication of the spots on the under surface of the leaves. Both in this and the last species, the fungus is accompanied by a species of Phyllocaris, which in Dothidea Zollingeri, sometimes overruns the spots. | - Tas. XV. fig. a. flocci, of which the stroma is composed ; b. ascus, with sporidia; c. sporidia: highly magnified. e VOL. tr, to In] 338 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSA., Enumeration of LEgGuMINOSE, indigenous to SOUTHERN Asia, and CENTRAL and SOUTHERN ÀFRICA, by GEORGE BEsNTHAM, Esa. (Continued from Vol. II, p. 613.) XVIII. Lista. E. Mey. The habit and most of the characters of the single species known of this genus are so exactly those of the section Poly- olbium of Lotononis, thatit ought probably to be added to the latter genus as a mere section, yet the singular manner in which the pod is folded is considered among Hedysareæ, for instance, as affording a sufficient character, and I have not observed any approach to it in any Lotononis I am ac- quainted with. 1. L. heterophylla (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 81.)— Habitus Lo- tononidis trichopode. Flores subcapitato-racemosi, pedunculo communi foliis longiore. Calyx et corolla sectionis Poly- lobii. South Africa, to the north-east of the Cape Colony, on dry stony hills near Gaatje, and in the plain near Wildshuts- hoek, Drège! In the Stormbergspruit and on the Mooze River, Burke! also n. 2297 of Burchell’s Catalogue. XIX. Roruia, Pers. This genus is again composed of a single species, the cha- racters and synonyms of which are fully enumerated by Wight and Arnott (Prodr. 1, p. 195), to which may be added that the pod usually opens out on the carinal suture only, as- suming much the appearance of the fruit of a Cleome. The habit of the plant is that of the more slender Argyrolobia, OF — 3 of some Lotononides of the section Leptis. It is readily dis- tinguished from both genera by the keel petals scarcely CO" hering to each other, or often entirely free. The flowers are- very small. a ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSX. 339 1. R. trifoliata (Pers.—W. et Arn.! Prodr. 1, p. 195 cum syn. omn.) Apparently a common plant in the East Indian Peninsula but I have not seen it from any other locality. XX. Xerocarpus, Guillem. et Perrott. Another single species, a small plant with the habit and all the characters of Rothia, excepting the pod, which, al- though it opens in the same manner, is very different in form. 1. X. hirsutus, (Guillem. et Perrott! Fl. Seneg. 1, p. 170, t. 44.) Tropical Africa. Sandy hills near Kouma in the Walo country, Leprieur and Perrottet ! Cordofan, Kotschy ! n. 420. XXI. AnavnoronivM. Eckl. et Zeyh.—Chasmone, E. Mey. —Trichasma, Gamochilum et Argyrolobium, Walp. _ This genus, as limited by E. Meyer as well as Ecklon and Zeyher, and adopted by Meissner, Spach and others, is a na- tural one, and readily known among Genistee by the calyx of a Dichilus with the corolla nearly that of Crotalaria and a pod not unlike that of some Zephrosie. It has however been divided by Walpers into three, according to the depth to which the calycine lobes are separated, but this character does not appear to be in sufficient conformity with habit, nor even constant enough in the same species to be available Sven for sectional divisions.* The Cape species have been * I regret much the differing so widely in opinion as to the circumscrip- tion of Leguminous Genera from Dr. Walpers, whose compilations, and especially his Repertorium, are of so much use in abridging the labour of hunting out published species, Where we differ as to the synonymy of the distributed Cape colleetions, it may sometimes have arisen from mistakes qo the distribution of the specimens.’ Thus, when Dr. Walpers asserts that Iam quite wrong ('* vehementer errat") in referring the Ingenhoussia roses, ^^ Mey. to Coelidium, for that it is nothing -but re densa; it is 2c 340 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOS&XE. distributed by Ecklon and Zeyer according to their stature and duration, both very difficult to ascertain from dried spe- cimens, E. Meyer has proposed a better arrangement de- rived from inflorescence; and Spach, in working up the northern species has proposed for almost every species separate sections founded on the slightest characters, a pro- cess which, if carried through the whole genus, would not much facilitate the determination of species. To me it appears that the pod affords an important distinctive cha- racter, separating the northern species and one Cape one (A. lanceolatum) from the remaining southern ones. Adopt- ing these two groups as sections, I have followed E. Meyer in the subdivision of his Chasmones according to their inflo- rescence, observing however that many of the species with pedunculate few-flowered racemes have often the earlier and lower flowers sessile and solitary, a circumstance which occa- sions some difficulty in determining the place of a few species of which I have not seen authentic specimens, and may have been the cause of repeating them under different names. a Sect. I. CHAsMoNE. Legumen intus nudum, valvulis con- — vexis continuis. Species omnes Austro-Africane. § 1. Spicata. Caules e radice perenni virgati, simplices. Flores in spicam terminalem dispositi. 1. A. crinitum (Walp. Linnea, 13, p. 506).—Chasmoné crinata, E. Mey. Comm. p. 71.—This is only known tome — from the description given by E. Meyer, who doubts whether _ it may not prove generically distinct when the fruit 19 known. E Trado in the Zwarteberg range, Drége. probable that the plant sent to Berlin by Drége as the Ingenhoussia roset is by some mistake, the Amphithalea densa, whilst my specimen, giso Fe: : ceived from Drége, as well as E. Meyer's description, differ in several age portant points from the genus Amphithalea, and especially in the si peculiarity of Coelidium, the having the leaves convolute and covered with close appressed hairs on the upper side. It has also decidedly monadel- phous stamens and the ovarium uniovulate. Ca ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOS. 341 $2. Racemosa. Caules e radice perenni herbacei, erecti. Flores in racemos terminales longiuscule pedunculatos dis- positi. 2. A. speciosum (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 187) glau- cescens, glabra v. sericeo-pilosa, caule erecto triquetro rigido, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis acutis superioribus petiolo longiori- bus, foliolis obovatis oblongis v. foliorum superiorum lanceo- latis, racemo elongato, calycis labio inferiore ad medium trifido, legumine sericeo.—CAasmone diversifolia, E. Mey! Comm. p. 71. North-east of Cape Colony. Katberg and between Zand- plaat and Kouga, Drege/! Winterberg, Ecklon and Zeyher ! Macalisberg, Burke ! 3. A. baptisioides (Walp. Linnea, 13, p. 306), subsericeo- pilosa, caule erecto ramoso, stipulis linearibus subulatisve superioribus petiolo brevioribus, foliolis cuneato-oblongis, racemo laxo,. calycis labio inferiore tridentatu.—Chasmone baptisioides, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 71. On the Katberg, Drége ! = 4. A. longifolium (Walp. Repert. 2, 844), sericeo-villosum caule erecto, ramis gracilibus tereti-striatis, stipulis lineari- Setaceis petiolo abbreviato, foliolis elongato-linearibus lanceo- latisve, racemis remote paucifloris, pedicellis abbreviatis, ca- lycis labio inferiore quam supremum longiore incurvo triden- tato, legumine villosissimo.— CAasmone longifolia, Meissn.! Supra v. 2, p. 74. . Summit of the Tafelberg near Port Natal, Krauss! n. 214. 5. A. tuberosum (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 188), glabrum V. tenuiter sericeo-pubescens, caule erecto gracile purum ramoso superne triquetro, stipulis lanceolato-setaceis petiolo pluries brevioribus v. raro longioribus, foliolis lineari-lanceo- latis v. infimis obovato-cuneatis, racemis longe pedunculatis laxe paucifloris, calycis sericei labiis subaequalibus, inferiore tridentato, dentibus acuminatis, legumine demum glabrius- €ulo.—A. angustifolium, Eckl. et Zeyh. l. c.—Chasmone tube- rosa, Meissn. supra, v. 2, p. 73. 342 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSAE, Uitenhage district and from thence to beyond the north- east frontier, Ecklon and Zeyher! Burke! also n. 4725 of Burchell ! § 3. Fruticosa. Frutices ramosissimi, floribus in racemos breves terminales dispositis. 6. A. polyphyllum (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 184), te- nuiter sericeo-pilosum, foliosum, stipulis lanceolato-setaceis, foliolis cuneato- v. obovato-oblongis apiculatis, calycis sericei labio inferiore tridentato, vexillo sericeo, legumine dense se- riceo.— Chasmone cuneifolia, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 71. To the north-east of the Colony; on the Chumi and Winter Mountains, Ecklon and Zeyher! On the Katberg and between the Keiskamma and the Buffel River, Drège ! 2 7. A. crassifolium (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 184), sü- pulis minimis setaceis, foliolis obovatis obcordatisve supra glabris subtus ramulisque sericeis, calycis sericei labio in- feriore subintegro v. breviter tridentato, vexillo glabro.— Dichilus crassifolius, E. Mey. Linnea, 7, p. 154. Chasmone crassifolia, E. Mey. Comm. p. 72. Chasmone goodioides, — Meissn.? supra v. 2, p. 75. Argyrolobium incanum, Eckl. et — Zeyh. Enum. p. 185, teste Walp. | Uitenhage district, Ecklon and Zeyher !—This and the bk lowing species are occasionally cultivated in our greenhouses 8. A. sericeum (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 184), laxe ra- mosum, sericeo-villosum, stipulis setaceis petiolo plerumque brevioribus, foliolis late obovatis obcordatisve supra demum raro glabratis, racemis ovatis plurifloris, calycis dense sericet labio inferiore integro v. brevissime tridentato, vexillo glabro, 4 legumine sericeo-villoso.— Dichilus sericeus, E. Mey. Lin- nea, 7, p. 154. Chasmone holosericea, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 72. Gamochilum sericeum, Walp. Linnea, 13, P- 540 : Chasmone obcordata, E. Mey.? Comm. p. 72. Gamochilum obcordatum, Walp.? l.c. Galega trifoliata, Thunb. Fl. Cap. - p. 600, is referred here with some doubt both by E. Meyer. and Ecklon and Zeyher, but Thunberg expressly describes : the stamens as diadelphous. E. ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSA. 343 In Uitenhage near the Vanstaadens and Krom River, Ecklon and Zeyher ! Drége! etc. also n. 4649 and 4775 of Burchell's Catalogue. 9. A. umbellatum (Vog, ex Walp. Linnea, 13, p. 509), re- ferred by Walpers with the preceding one to his genus Gamochilum, is unknown to me, and from the description given appears to differ chiefly in having the flowers in a terminal umbel. $4. Brevipedes. Suffrutices. Flores solitarii v. gemini, rarissimi plures, subsessiles, oppositifolii. 10. A. stipulaceum (Eckl. et Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 187), cauli- bus brevibus erectis longe pilosis, stipulis foliaceis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis foliola eequantibus, petiolo brevissimo, fo- liolis oblongis cuneatisve reticulatis subtus sericeis, pedun- culis brevibus subumbellatim 1-5-floris, calycis sericei labio Inferiore tridentato, vexillo dense sericeo.—CAasmone verti- illata, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 72. On the Winterberg near Philipstown, Ecklon and Zeyher ! On the Katberg and between the rivers Key and Basche, Drege 4 ; ll. A. candicans (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 186), humile, ‘rectum, ramosum, dense sericeo-villosum, stipulis ovatis v. 9vato.lanceolatis nonnullis foliola subsquantibus, petiolo revi, foliolis obovato-cuneatis dense sericeo-villosis, floribus solitariis subsessilibus, — Chasmone sessiliflora, E. Mey. ! mm. p. 72. . On the Winterberg, Ecklon and Zeyher. On the Wind- ; the Wittbergen, and at Moozplatz, Drege! — 12. A. collinum (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 186), humile, erectum, subramosum, dense sericeo-villosum, stipulis lan- . ato-setaceis, petiolo brevissimo, foliolis obovatis spicu- latis, floribus solitariis geminisve subsessilibus, vexillo villo- “ssimo, legumine sericeo-villoso.—Chasmone apiculata, E. | Mey. ! Comm. p. 73. S . Uitenhage: Adow, Drége ! Ecklon and Zeyher, near Bos- Ex tm River and between the Zwartkop and Vanstaadens TS, Ecklon and Zeyher ! 344 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSZ:. 13? A. obovatum (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 185).—Dichilus obovatus, E. Mey. Linnea, 7, p. 154.— The short character given of this plant affords nothing to distinguish it from A. collinum. Walpers places it amongst the long peduncled species: E. Meyer only describes the peduncles as shorter than the leaves, but how much shorter is uncertain. It will probably turn. out to be a mere variety of the preceding. Uitenhage: in Karroid places between the Kouga and Zondag Rivers, Ecklon and Zeyher ! 14. A. velutinum (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 186), ramosum, undique sericeo-villosum, stipulis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis petiolo brevioribus, foliolis obovatis oblongisve obtusis emar- ginatisve, floribus solitariis geminisve subsessilibus, calycis labio inferiore tridentato, vexillo villoso, legumine sericeo- villoso. Sides of the Table Mountain, Mundt / near Simonstown, - Ecklon and Zeyher. 15. A. petiolare (Walp. Repert. 1, p. 632), rigide ramosum, sericeo-velutinum, stipulis minutis, foliolis obovato-oblongis petiolo rigido multo brevioribus, pedunculis unifloris petiolo liene ties: calycis sericei labio inferiore tridentato, vexillo piloso.—Chasmone petiolaris, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 75.— Cro- talaria argentea, Jacq. Hort. Scheenbr, 2, p. 50, t. 220. Hills near Uitkomst in Clanwilliam district, Drége / Jacquin's figure is a very good representation of this very distinct species, and the district where it was found by Drege, is one from whence many of the earlier cultivated Cape plants were introduced. Ecklon and Zeyher have however taken up Jacquin’s name and synonym for a Swellendam - plant to which they have given the name of Argyrolobium - argenteum. Not having seen the latter plant myself, and no character being assigned to it by Ecklon and Zeyher, it is — impossible to determine whether it be really the A. petiolare or not. § 5. Pedunculares. Suffrutices. Pedunculi elongati 3 ve folio parum breviores, uni-pluri-flori. 16. A. filiforme (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 186), tenuiter ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSE. 345 sericeo-villosum, stipulis parvis subulatis, petiolis abbreviatis, foliolis linearibus convolutis, pedunculis folio brevioribus subumbellatim 2-4-floris, calycis sericeo-villosi labio inferiore tridentato, vexillo sericeo-villoso.—Chasmone angustissima, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 75. Galega filiformis, Thunb.? Fl. Cap. p. 600. : Neighbourhood of Cape Town: Paarlberg, Drège ! Doorn- hoogde, Ecklon and Zeyher. Hottentots-Hollands Mountains, Thunberg. 17. A. tenue (Walp. Repert. 1, p. 632), tenuiter sericeo- villosum, stipulis parvis subulatis, petiolis brevibus, foliolis linearibus apiculatis convolutis inferioribus cuneato-oblongis, pedunculis folio brevioribus 1-2-floris, calycis sericeo-puberuli labio inferiore brevissime tridentato vexillo leguminibusque glabriusculis.—Chasmone tenuis, E. Mey.? Comm. p. 75, in adnot, — Suffrutex semipedalis, ramulis tenuibus teretibus. Petioli 1-2 lin, longi. Foliola 4-6 lin. longa, apice subuncinata, basi angustata, complicata v. convoluta, foliorum inferiorum breviora latiora, Pedunculi sæpius uniflori. Calyx 4 lin. longus. Corolla calyce parum longior. Legumen junius . Sriceum, maturum fere glabrum, 2 poll. longum, 2 lin. » basi longe angustatum. Cape Colony, Bowie! : 18. A. pauciflorum (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 186).—Un- own to me, but from the character given is probably allied to A. tenue and A. rupestre, but distinct from both. Amongst Acacie on the Stormberg near the sources of the Key River, Ecklon and Zeyher. T 19.- A. rupestre (Walp. Linnea, 13, p. 508), diffusum ? ra- mulis tenuibus sericeis, stipulis parvis ex ovata basi subulatis, foliis omnibus petiolatis, foliolis obovatis oblongisve subtus V. utrinque sericeis, pedunculis umbellatim subtrifloris folio ?-3-plo. longioribus, calycis sericei labio inferiore tridentato, Vexillo sericeo.—Chasmone rupestris, E. Mey. ! Comm, p-74- ~ Rocky situations on the Stormberg, Drége ! see 20. A. barbatum (Walp. Repert. 2, p. 845.)—Chasmone 346 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSE. barbata, Meissn. supra v. 2, p. 77.—Unknown to me, but appears to be very nearly allied to A. strictum if not a mere variety. Uitenhage on the banks of the Kouga River, Krauss. 21. A. strictum (Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, v. 1, p. 130), diffusum v. suberectum, pilis longis sericeum, stipulis lineari- lanceolatis subulatisve subfalcatis, foliolis obovatis oblongis lanceolatisve longe pilosis, pedunculis folio 2-3-plo. lon- gioribus 1-2-floris v. infimis rarius brevissimis, calycis pilosi labio inferiore tridentato, vexillo sericeo.— Chasmone stricta, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 75.— Foliola quam in A. pumilo majora, superiora angustiora. Stipule 3-4 lin. longe. Near Graham’s Town, and to the northward on the Mooze River and Caledon River, Burke! between the Klipplaat and Black Kei Rivers, Drége! also Burchell! n. 5035, and indi- cated by Drége near Zwartbastkraal to the north of the Cape district, but these specimens, which I have not seen, may possibly belong to some other species. : 22. A. pumilum (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 185), humile, ramosissimum, stipulis parvis ex ovata v. lanceolata bast subulatis, foliis petiolatis v. superioribus subsessilibus, foliolis obovatis v. obovato-oblongis, pedunculis 1-2-floris folio bre- vioribus longioribusve, floribus infimis raro subsessilibus, €a- lycis sericei labio inferiore tridentato, vexillo sericeo, legu- mine sericeo-villoso. — Variat: 1, foliolis supra glabris. — Chasmone pumila, Meissn. supra, v. 2, p. 77 ;—2; foliolis utrin- que pilosis.— CAasmone argentea B pilosa, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 75 ;—3, biflorum.— Argyrolobium venustum, Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 185 ;—4, erectiusculum, rigide ramosissimum. - The above appear to me to be mere forms of a very V@ riable species, of some of them however the specimens have seen are not very satisfactory. Of Chasmone argentea % E. Mey. I have but a very bad specimen with apetalous flowers only, it may possibly belong to the same species, but, — from E. Meyer's having adduced the European Cytisus 4r- genteus as a synonym, it is probable that he included in his - ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSAE. 347 Chasmone argentea the A. lanceolatum which is the only Cape species known to me with the pod of the European ones, Uitenhage and neighbouring districts to the Gekau and Basche Rivers to the eastward, and Nieuweveld and Camdeboo to the northward, Ecklon and Zeyher! Drige! etc., also Burchell ! n. 3491, and the Geritzhoogde, Mundt! 23. A. biflorum (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 186).—Unknown to me, probably a variety of A. pumilum. Sides of the Winterberg near Philipstown, Ecklon and Zeyher. 24. A. patens (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 185), pumilum, Famosissimum, stipulis parvis ex ovata v. lanceolata basi Subulatis, foliis subsessilibus foliolis cuneato-oblongis v. infimis obovatis plerisque acutis rigidulis venosis subtus cau- leque tenuiter sericeis, pedunculis folio paullo longioribus uni- floris, calycis sericei labio inferiore tridentato, vexillo sericeo. _ Cape Colony, Bowie ! Uitenhage, in grassy pastures on the | kop River, Ecklon and Zeyher ! 25. A. molle (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 187), laxe sericeo- .. Pilosum, ramis adscendentibus, stipulis lineari- v. subulato- lanceolatis petiolo brevi longioribus, foliolis obovatis oblon- BISYe venosis, pedunculis folio pluries longioribus umbellatim 3-5-floris, calycis labio inferiore fere ad medium trifido, vexillo Sericeo.— Chasmone venosa, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 73.—This and preceding species are remarkable for their strongly veined “aves. Chasmone venosa B obscura of E. Mey. from a poor .. Specimen I have seen, appears to be a distinct species. _ Albany, Drége! on the Winterberg, Ecklon and Zeyher! — | 26. A. adscendens (Walp. Linnea, 13, p. 507), sericeo-pi- 7», ramis elongatis adscendentibus, stipulis parvis ovatis acutis, petiolo brevissimo, foliolis ovatis ellipticisve subaveniis *riceo-marginatis, pedunculis folio pluries longioribus um- tim 1-3-floris, calycis labio inferiore profunde Pp 5 adscendens, E. Mey. ! Comm. p. 73.—1t appears hat in some collections meri lanceolatum has by mistake also sent under this name. 348 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOS&. Cafferland, between the Omcomas and the Omblas, Dr2ge / 27. A. splendens (Walp. Repert. 2, p. 845).— Chasmone splendens, Meissn. supra, v. 2, p. 78.—This plant appears to approach on the one hand the A. adscendens, on the other the A. lanceolatum. I have seen a small fragment which answers to Meissner's description, except that the stipules are much smaller. On the Klein River mountains in Swellendam, Krauss; Zuureveld, Gill! 28. A. pedunculare (sp. n.), laxe ramosum, sericeo-pilosum, stipulis lineari-subulatis subfalcatis, foliolis ovato-ellipticis subsericeo-marginatis aveniis lateralibus petiolo subbrevi- oribus, pedunculo longissimo unifloro, calycis labio inferiore tridentato, vexillo sericeo.—Habitus fere A. Andrewsiant. Ramuli tenues, elongati, paucifoliati. Stipule 2-3 lin. longe — — petioli 6-12 lin. Foliola in foliis majoribus lateralia 6-9 lin. — longa, 4-5 lin. lata, terminale fere pollicare, foliorum infe- rioum minora, obovato-orbicularia, omnia utrinque pilis longis laxis hirsuta et pube brevi dense appressa marginata. - Pedunculus in specimine 8-pollicaris, bracteola parva subulata auctus. Calyx 4 lin. longus. Vexillum calyce subduplo longius. Ale glabrae calycem paullo excedentes. Carina obtusa. Madagascar. Lyall ! . 29. A. Andrewsianum (Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, v. 1, p- 189), laxe ramosum, subsericco-hirtum, stipulis subulatis, foliolis ovatis sericeo-marginatis petiolo brevioribus, racemis longe — pedunculatis fasciculatim multifloris, calycis labio inferiore demum semitrifido, vexillo sericeo.— Cytisus tomentosus, Andr. Bot. Reg. t. 237. Goodia? polysperma, DC. Prodr. 2; Pe- 118. Dichilus ciliatus, E. Mey.? Linnea, 7, p. 154. Chas- mone Audrewsiana, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 74. Trichasma € — liatum, Walp. Linnea, 13, p. 411.— Variat pedunculis bre- vioribus subumbellatim 2-3-floris. In various situations from Uitenhage to Port Natal, Drege Ecklon and Zeyher! Bowie! Burchell ! n. 3213, etc. cde Sect. II. EREMOLOBIUM. Legumen valde compressum» - subtorulosum, intus intersemina transverse septatum. - 1 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOS&E. 349 Species plereeque regionis Mediterranee v. Asiatice, unica Austro-Africana. 30. A. lanceolatum (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 186), suf- fruticosum, decumbens, incano-sericeum, stipulis faleato-lan- ceolatis, foliis petiolatis, infimorum foliolis obovatis, superio- rum lanceolatis pilosis subtus argenteis pedunculis elongatis 1-3-floris.—Crotalaria lunaris, Linn. Spec. p. 1005. Ononis sericea, Thunb.? Fl. Cap. p. 586. Ononis heterophylla, Thunb.? l. c. Dichilus lanceolatus, E. Mey.! Linnea, 7, p.154. Chasmone lanceolata, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 75. Dio- tolotus Eckloni, Tausch ? Flora, 1842, 1, p. 284. Mountains about Cape Town and the neighbouring dis- triets, Ecklon and Zeyher ! Drege! and others. .. The following species do not all strictly come in within the limits of the present enumeration, but are mentioned here to complete the list of the known species of this genus. They are mostly described with considerable detail by Spach, in whose paper, quoted below, there will also be found the sy- nonyms not here repeated. nz el 3l. A. Linneanum (Walp.!—Jaub. et Spach.! Ann. Sc. Nat. Par. 2e Sér. v. 19, p. 44). South Europe. 32. A. calycinium (Jaub. et Spach. ! 1. c. p. 44). Asia Minor, Caucasus, North Persia. 33. A. crotalarioides (Jaub. et Spach. ! 1. c. p. 43, Illustr. t. 59). A. syriacum, Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Nov. Or. fasc. 2, p. J3. A. gracile, Fenzl, Flora 1843, p. 394. .— Syria, 34. A uniflorum (Jaub. et Spach.! 1. c. p. 45). . Arabia Petrza. 35. A. Arabicum (Jaub. et Spach.! 1. c. p. p. 46). _ Arabia Felix. i 36. A. Botte (Jaub. et Spach. l. c. p. 47).—Perhaps not net from A, Arabicum. 3 .. Arabia Felix. 37. A. Abyssinicum (Jaub. et Spach.! 1. c. p. 48). — Abyssinia, 350 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSE. 38. A. flaccidum (Jaub, et Spach. ! l. c. p. 48).—4. diva- ricatum, Jaub. et Spach. l. c. p. 49.—Very variable as to size, pubescence and breadth of leaflets. Common in the Himalayas at an elevation of from 3,000 to 9,000 feet, M. P. Edgeworth! Affghanistan, Griffith ! n. 1179. Kunawur and Mussooree, Royle! Sutledge, Jacquemont ! Kamaon, Blinkworth ! in Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 5517. 39. A. trigonelloides (Jaub. et Spach. ! 1. c. p. 50).—A. pros- tratum, Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Or. fasc, 2, p. 13. Assyria and Persia. 40. A. roseum (Jaub. et Spach.! 1. c. p. 51).—A. ornitho- podioides, Jaub. et Spach.! 1. c. In the Punjaub, Jacquemont ! on the Persian Gulf, Aucher- Eloy, n. 971. XXII. MzLoLoBiuM, Eckl. et Zeyh.—Sphingium, E. Mey. This is a very natural genus, easily known by the habit, something like that of our prickly Ononides, the usually glan- dular pubescence and the character given above. The flowers are like those of some of the smaller flowered Lotononides, the pod nearly that of the section Eremolobium of Argyrolobium, but usually much falcate and more or less glandular. The species known are all South African, and chiefly from the Eastern districts of Cape Colony, and from thence to the northward, two or three from the Cape district are scarcely spinescent. i 1. M. calycinum (sp. n.), divaricato-ramosissimum, sp! nescens, vix glandulosum, ramulis pubescenti-hirtis, foliolis. glabriusculis, stipulis semicordatis petiolum eequantibus, bracteis calycis tubum superantibus, calycibus villosis corol- - lam equantibus, legumine villoso.—Rami duri, flexuosi, 1m- tricato-ramosissimi, ramulis spinescentibus numerosissimis. : Stipule foliacez, acutissime, plereeque 2 lin. longe. Petioli T breves. Foliola cuneato-linearia v. rarius obovata, in sicco * complicata, 2-3 lin. longa, tenuiter punctata. Racemi basi — 1.3-flori, apice spinescentes nudi. Bractee stipuleformes - superiores paucz steriles. ve ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSA. 351 Sand River, Burke / 2. M. candicans (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 189), divari- cato-ramosissimum, spinescens, vix glandulosum, ramulis ca- nescenti-velutinis, foliolis glabriusculis, stipulis bracteisque semicordato-ovatis, legumine rectiusculo 4-6-spermo calyce- que villosis vix glandulosis.— Dichilus candicans, E. Mey. Linnea, 7, p. 154. Sphingium velutinum, E. Mey.! Comm. P. 67. Melolobium squarrosum, Eckl. et Zeyh.? Enum. p. 189. Uitenhage, Ecklon and Zeyher! Sneeuwbergen and Uit- vlugt, Dràge ! also Bowie ! and Burchell! n. 1555. 3. M. canescens, divaricato-ramosissimum, spinescens, vix . glandulosum, ramulis canescenti-velutinis, stipulis bracteisque semicordatis minutis, legumine valde curvato 4-6-spermo calyceque sericeis vix glandulosis.—Sphingium canescens, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 67. Near Rhinoster Kop, Drége ! Gamka River, Burke! -. 4. M. parviflorum (sp. n.), divaricato-ramosissimum, spi- néscens, vix glandulosum, subglabrum, stipulis bracteisque semicordatis minutis, calyce glabriusculo viscidulo.— Perhaps à variety of M. canescens, but, with the exception of a slight hoariness on the young shoots and branches, it is generally Smooth. The pod is unknown to me. Dwaka River, Burke / t 5. M. microphyllum (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 189), spi- nescens, glanduloso-scabrum, stipulis bracteisque semicor- _ “*t0-ovatis, legumine rectiusculo v. subincurvo 2-4-spermo glanduloso-scabro. — Ononis microphylla, Thunb. Fl. Cap. P- 585. Dichilus microphyllus, E. Mey. Linnea, 7, p. 155, ium microphyllum, E. Mey. ! Comm. p. 67. Between the Sondag and Fish Rivers, Thunberg; on the Ondag River in Karroid places near Graafreynet, Ecklon and : her / Sneeuwbergen and Camdeboosberg, Drege ! South gf 4, 0a, Burchell! n. 1204, 1555, 2133, 2146 and 2226. In- dicated ^us by Drége, between the Omsamcaba and the Om- A collinum (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 189), decum- glanduloso-scabrum, hinc inde spinescens, foliolis cu- 352 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOS&. neato-oblongis glabriusculis, bracteis brevissimis, legumine arcuato 4-6-spermo glanduloso-scabro pilosulo v. nitido.— Sphingium lampolobum, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 66. Dry hills at Kendo, Drige! on the Gauritz River, Ecklon and Zeyher ! 7. M. decumbens, spinosum, pubescenti-hispidum, glan- dulosum, stipulis semicordato-lanceolatis, foliolis hispidis, bracteis calycis tubum subequantibus, legumine subfalcato 2-3-spermo calyceque glanduloso-hispidis.— SpAingium de- cumbens, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 67. Sneeuwbergen, Nieuweveldsbergen near Graafreynet, near Schiloh, Drge ! The three preceding species are very near to each other, and may possibly be mere varieties of each other. p. 8. M. adenodes (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 190).—Unknown — to me, perhaps a slightly spinescent form of M. spicatum, OF of M. cernuum. Cape district; between the Berg River and the Zwarte- — land, Ecklon and Zeyher. i 9. M. spicatum (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 190), inerme, - pubescenti-hirtum, viscidulum, stipulis semicordato-lanceo- : latis, foliolis cuneato-oblongis hirtis, floribus longiuscule sp — catis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis calycis tubum gequantibus, legumine rectiusculo hispido.— Dichilus spicatus, E. Mey.! Linnea, 7, p. 154. Sphingium spicatum, E. Mey. Comm. Cape and neighbouring districts, Ecklon and Zeyher r Drege ! Ee ck 10. M. cernuum (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 190), inerme molliter incano-velutinum, subsericeum, stipulis semicordatis lanceolatis, foliolis. cuneato-oblongis linearibusve, floribus longiuscule spicatis, bracteis ovatis calycis tubum æquantibus, legumine reflexo arcuato 3-6-spermo villoso —Cytisus ZEthio- picus, Linn.! Spec. p. 1042. Ononis cernua, Linn. Spe p- 1011. d i Cape district, Ecklon and Zeyher, Burchell! n. 1610 and 2169. ea oum 11. M. viscidulum (Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, v. 2. p- 129^ ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSAE. 353 —Sphingium viscidulum, E. Mey. Comm. p. 66.—Unknown to me; referred by Walpers to M. cernuum, but appears to be nearer to M. spicatum, if not a good species. Cape district, near Ebenezer, Drége. 12. M. humile (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 190). . Sands near Brackfontein in Clanwilliam, Ecklon and Zeyher. 13. M. alpinum (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 190). On the Winterberg, Ecklon and Zeyher. 14. M. canaliculatum.—Sphingium canaliculatum, E. Mey. Comm. p. 66. Referred by Walpers to M. alpinum, but the two descriptions do not agree. 00, Dróge. XXII. Dicuitus, DC. — Calycotome, E. Mey. — Melino- spermum, Walp. This genus has the calyx nearly of Argyrolobium, and the Pod of the second section of that genus, with the large carina . 4nd stamens of Lebeckia and Viborgia, with which genera it 48 also associated in habit. Calycotome of E. Mey. was by “Mistake Supposed to have diadelphous stamens and placed .. -AMongst Galegee, but, in my specimen at least, they are de- cidedly monadelphous, and all the characters as well as the foliage and habit are so precisely those of Dichilus that I "€ no hesitation in considering it as a congener. The "Pecies of Dichilus are all from the N. E. district of the : Cape Colony. | e l. D. striatus (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 36), ramulis suberectis, _ QUIS Omnibus alternis, foliolis linearibus, racemis terminali- —. U 1-3-floris subpaniculatis, calyce vix ad medium bilabiato idio breviore, dentibus breviter ovatis. On the Witbergen, Dràge ! ED lebbekioides (DC.! Leg. Mem. p. 202, t. 35), ramulis m erectis, foliis omnibus alternis, foliolis linearibus, racemis - jtminalibus ].3.foris subpaniculatis, calyce ultra medium gom biato alis paullo breviore, dentibus lanceolatis acuminatis. South Africa, Burchell / n. 2614; Macalisberg, Burke / a NOL. III. 2p 354 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSXE. 3. D. pusillus, ramulis tenuibus patentibus, foliis floralibus plerisque oppositis, foliolis cuneato-oblongis, pedunculis bre- vibus filiformibus 1-2-floris, calyce profunde bilabiato, den- tibus lanceolatis.—Calycotome pusilla, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 113, excl. syn.—This plant differs only from D. gracilis by the narrower leaflets, and perhaps smaller flowers. Thun- berg's description of Galega pusilla, supposed by E. Meyer to belong to this species, appears to me to refer to something very different, but it is impossible to guess at it with any accuracy when its generic characters are not otherwise known than as being comprised in the same genus with species now known to be severally referrible to the Podalyriee, Genistee, Galegee and Phaseolee. Steelkloof in the Nieuweveld, Drege ! 4. D. gracilis (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 183), ramulis te- nuibus patentibus, foliis floralibus plerisque oppositis, foliolis obovatis, pedunculis brevibus filiformibus 1-2-floris,calycepro- — funde bilabiato alis paullo breviore, dentibus lanceolatis acumi- — — natis.—D. patens, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 36.—The peduncles: in this and the preceding species are terminal between the two last leaves, which are opposite. When the axillary buds. E of both these leaves are developed, the peduncle remains fe within the consequent bifurcation of the stem, but when, aS- - is more frequently the case, one axillary bud only is length- — ened out, the flower appears to be placed in the axilla of the. opposite leaf. The peduncle is usually uniflorous but arum. lated and bearing a small bractea above the middle, m the axilla of which a second flower is sometimes produced. — Cape Colony, Bowie! on the Fish River, Drège! on the - Chumiberg and near Fort Beaufort on the Kat River, Ecklon. and Zeyher ! n pex D. Aypotrichum, Spreng. Syst. Cur, Post. p. 273, is a mer? puzzle, probably some Phaseoleous plant. po XXIV. HxrocarLvPTus, Thunb. ; 1. H. obcordatus (Thunb.—DC. Prod. 2, p. 135). — Bot ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSA. 355 Mag. t. 3894.— Variat caule arboreo v. fruticoso, foliolis obo- vatis acuminatis v. profunde obcordatis. Mountain range from the Cederbergen to Kochmans Kloof in Swellendam, Ecklon and Zeyher ! Drége! Scholl! and others. à XXV. LonpniGEs1A, Sims. 1. L. ozalidifolia (Sims.—D(C. Prodr. 2, p. 136.) Mountains of Swellendam and George districts, Ecklon and Zeyher ! Drége! Burchell! n. 5751, etc. XXVI. LEBECKIA, Thunb.—Stiza, Lebeckia et Sarcophyllum, E. Mey. — Acanthobotrya, Calobota et Lebeckia, Ecklon et Zeyh. The several groups which I have retained under the com- mon name of Lebeckia, differ considerably from each other either in habit or in the form of the pod, but the distinctions drawn from one of these characters do not correspond with those furnished by the other. "The genera established by Ecklon and Zeyher have not the characters assigned to them, those of E, Meyer are better defined, but appear to require modification even for adoption as sections. Walpers i has Joined them all except Sarcophyllum, E. Mey., but has given no character, and has divided them chiefly according to foliage, without reference to the really striking distinctions afforded by the pod. I have followed him in uniting them, . have added E. Meyer's Sarcophyllum, and have endea- Voured to limit the sections by the form of the carina and the pod. Sect I. SrizA. Carina vexillo longior. Legumen planum. 7 Fruticuli rigide ramosissimi, habitu Colletüs, Erinaceis v. Zenstis nonnullis similes, Ramuli apice spinescentes. Folia perpauca, sæpissime parva, unifoliolata. Flores sub apice ramulorum Spinosorum racemosi. - This Corresponds to E. Meyer's Stiza, and is included with 27 2 356 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSAE. several very different plants in Ecklon and Zeyher's Acan- thobotrya. It has the fruit nearly of Dichilus, the flowers of Viborgia, with a peculiar habit. 1. L. pungens (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 561), ramosissimum apice tomentoso-pubescens, ramis spinescentibus, folis raris unifoliolatis obovatis oblongisve, legumine albo tomentoso.— Stiza erioloba, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 31. Foot of the Great Zwartebergen near Klaarstroom, Drige! Oliphant’s River and Kannaland, Thunberg. 2, L. psiloloba (Walp. Linnea, 13, p. 478), ramosissima, glabra, ramis spinescentibus, foliis raris plerisque unifolio- latis obovatis oblongisve, legumine membranaceo glaberrimo. Stiza psiloloba, E. Mey.! Comm. p.32. Acanthobotrya pun- — gens, Eckl et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 193 (saltem in herb. plur.) - Spartium cuspidosum, Burch. voy. 1, p. 348. Genista cusp- — dosa, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 147. Uitenhage district, Ecklon and Zeyher ! also in Drge's E and other collections with doubtful stations. | Sect. II. Phyllodiastrum. Carina acuta v. subrostrata - vexillo brevior. Legumen planum.—Suffrutices v. herbe — perennes, Folia filiformia, continua (simplicia, phyllodinea) — v. articulata (unifoliolata, foliolo petiolo conformi). Racemi - elongati, sepius multiflori. = This is E. Meyer’s Sarcophyllum with the addition of L. Plukenetiana which has a flat pod. It is certainly how- ever not Thunberg’s Sarcophylluin, whose “ Legumen acna- - ciforme, acutum" and “ Folia fasciculato-terna, sessilia, li- nearia, incurva,” evidently apply to a species of Aspalathus. 3. L. Plukenetiana (E. Mey! Comm. p. 33, excl sym Lam. et Willd.), glabra, foliis filiformibus secundis adultis. reflexis continuis v. rarius obscure articulatis, racemis 5%- cundis multifloris, legumine sessili plano falcato, sutura 50- periore marginata, valvulis membranaceis. r Cape Colony, Scholl ! Mundt! Hex River, Drége! 4. L. pauciflora (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 192), g^ foliis remotis filiformibus secundis continuis v. rarius obscure. articulatis, racemis longipedunculatis remote paucifloris, “ ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSE. 357 gumine sessili ?—Sarcophyllum carnosum litt. f. E. Mey.! Comm. p. 32. Cape Colony, Bowie! Burchell! n. 5942; Dutoitskloof, Drige! Houwhoeck and Langekloof, Ecklon and Zeyher. 5. L. contaminata (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 561), glabra, foliis subulatis crassiusculis secundis distincte articulatis, racemis paucifloris, calycis laciniis acutis tubo vix equalibus, legu- mine longe stipitato plano falcato, sutura superiore marginata, valvulis Sub membranaceis.— Spartium contaminatum, Linn.! Mant. p. 268. Sarcophyllum carnosum, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 32, excl. litt. f. et syn. Thunb. Lebeckia Meyeriana, Eckl. | et Zeyh. Enum. p. 192. Lebeckia Candolleana, Walp. Repert. l, p. 607. Cape and neighbouring districts, Drége! Ecklon and — Zeyher, Burchell ! n. 7585 and others. 6. L. grandiflora, glabra, foliis subulatis erectis articulatis, Tacemis multifloris, calycis laciniis acuminatis tubo longiori- bus, legumine subsessili plano subfalcato, sutura superiore Angustissime marginata.— Sarcophyllum grandiflorum, E. Mey. mm. p. 32. Cape Colony, Bowie ! Clanwilliam district, Drége / Sect. III. Eutesecera. Carina acuta v. subrostrata, alas et vexillum superans, Legumen teres.—Suffrutices habitu Phyllodiastri, This with the preceding section form Ecklon and Zeyher’s beckia, limited by appearance alone, without any reference .. fo the Character given, which is at variance with most of the Species, CR. Meyer’s Lebeckia, consists of this and the fol- ng section with the addition of L. Plukenetiana, of which did not know the pod. 7. L. sepiaria (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 561), glaucescens, foliis erectis filiformibus sparsis articulatis, racemo elongato multi- | x ro, rachi sulcata, floribus amplis, leguminibus declinatis.— D | lium sepiarium, Linn.! Spec. p. 995.—Sarcophyllum car- Notum, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2502 (forma hortensis monstruosa, 1S apice foliiferis) non Thunb. Lebeckia Simsiana, Eck. et Zeyh! Enum. p. 192.” L. sarcophylloides, E. Mey. 358 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSAE. Linnea, 7, p. 155. L. contaminata, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 34? non Thunb.— Flores 6 lin. longi. Common in Cape and Stellenbosch districts, extending to the Breede River in Swellendam, Drege! Ecklon and Zeyher ! Mundt ! and others. 8. L. gracilis (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 192), glauces- cens, foliis erectis filiformibus sparsis articulatis, racemo breve-pedunculato denso multifloro, rachi sulcata, floribus parvis, leguminibus declinatis.— L, ambigua litt. c. E. Mey.? Comm. p. 34.— Flores vix 3 lin. longi. Uitenhage district, Ecklon and Zeyher ! also Burchell! n. 5618. z 9. L. ambigua, (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 34, excl. litt. e) glaucescens, foliis erectis filiformibus sparsis articulatis, ra- cemo laxo elongato, rachi levi, floribus mediocribus, legumi- nibus gracilibus erectiusculis subtorulosis.— Flores 4 lin. longi. i Near Saldanha Bay and near Uienyalley in Clanwilliam district, Drége ! Sect. IV. CaroBorA. Carina obtusa alas sepius supè- —— rans, vexillum equans v. superans. Legumen feres v. tur- gidum.—Suffrutices v. frutices plus minus canescentes Folia trifoliolata v. rarius simplicia. This comprehends E. Meyer's $ 3 of Lebeckia with his Bh linearifolia. The species are distributed by Ecklon and Zeyher between Calobota and Acanthobotrya, without how- ever having the characters attributed to the latter. § 1. Simplicifolie. — 2 10. L. linearifolia (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 33), incano-pu- - bescens, foliis linearibus canaliculatis basi angustatis continuis, - calyce quinquedentato petalisque extus sericeis, legumine te- retiusculo tenuiter sericeo. : ' On the Gariep near Verlept praam, Drége / 11? L. subnuda (DC. Prodr. 2, p. 136). Unknown to - me, referred by Ecklon and Zeyher with doubt to L. gungen but from De Candolle's character it does not appear spine cent. The pod is unknown. piss § 2. Glabriflore. Inermes. Folia trifoliolata. Petala glabra. ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSZ. 359 12. L. mucronata, inermis, junior adpresse pubescens de- mum glabrata, foliis petiolatis, foliolis cuneato-oblongis sublinearibusve mucronatis glabris v. subtus vix puberulis, racemis multifloris, calyce late et acute dentato puberulo, legumine subtereti acuto glaberrimo.—Acanthobotrya decum- bens, Eckl.et Zeyh.? Enum. p. 193, excl. Syn. Thunb.— Ramuli sulcati. Foliola 4.6 lin. longa, lateralia minora. Pedicelli calyce dimidio breviores. Flores magnitudine L. armate. Uitenhage, Zeyher ! n. 344. . 13. L. leptophylla (sp. n. glabra, inermis, foliolis anguste linearibus, racemo elongato, calycelato breviter dentato, petalis glabris, legumine compresso demum subturgido gla- berrimo, Grassy subalpine situations near Swellendam, Mundt ! $3. Inermes. Folia trifoliolata, foliolis obtusis. Vexillum €t carina apice sericea. 14. L. cinerea. (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 35) subtomentoso-v. Sericeo-canescens, ramis rigidis, foliis raris, foliolis oblongo- CUnéatis, racemis paucifloris, calyce tubuloso-campanulato sericeo dentibus latis acutis, legumine tereti sericeo.— Acan- thobotrya sericea, Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 193. This Synonym is referred by Walpers to L. microphylla, but both the description and the station appear to me to agree better with L. cinerea. Hills near Noagas, and near Aris on the Gariep, Drège! ; near Brackfontein in Clanwilliam, Ecklon and Zeyher. 15? L. densa (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 562) from De Candolle's ter and Thunberg's description, appears to be very near L, cinerea; indeed the two may not improbably be but One species which in that case would retain Thunberg’s name. 16. L. marginata (E. Mey. Comm. p. 35.) Unknown to me, ; Namaqua country. ue 17. L. cytisoides (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 562), seri — "ens, foliolis subcuneato-oblongis, racemis laxis grandifloris, yee amplo subcolorato glabro, dentibus obtusiusculis pu- 360 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSA. berulis, vexillo carinaque -extus apice sericeis, legumine subtereti glabro intus tenuiter septato.— Crotalaria pulchella, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 417; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1699. Calobota. cylisoides et C. pulchella, Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 191.— The two supposed species do not in the slightest degree differ from each other. Cape, Stellenbosch and Swellendam districts ; Drége ! Ecklon and Zeyher ! Burchell! n. 7475, and in many other - collections. 18. L. sericea (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 562) sericeo-canescens, foliolis lineari-oblongis subcuneatisve, racemo secundo multi- floro, calyce amplo puberulo, dentibus breviter subulatis sinubus latis, vexillo carinaque apice sericeis, legumine sub- tereti sericeo.—Spartium sericeum, Ait. Hort. Kew. 3, p. 12. Lebeckia decipiens, E; Mey.! Comm. p. 35. L. flexuosa, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 34. Crotataria angustifolia, Jacq. Hort. Schonb. t. 219. Karroo, near -Mierenkasteel; rocks on the Kwek river. Zilverfontein and Platberg, Drége ! 19. L. multiflora (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 34) sericeo-canes- cens, foliolis anguste linearibus, racemo secundo multifloro, calycibus tubuloso-campanulatis dentibus basi latis acutius- culis, vexillo carinaque apice parce sericeis rarius glabratis, legumine tenuiter sericeo demum subtereti.—L. deculi et L. canescens, E. Mey.! 1. c. e Mouths of the Gariep, Olifants river, and between Holriver _ and Mierenkasteel, Drége ! This species is very near the following, and possibly both ru may be mere varieties of L. sericea. E 20. L. angustifolia (E. Mey. Linnea. 7, p. 155) tenuiter - sericeo-pubescens v. demum glabratum, foliolis anguste - linearibus, racemo laxo elongato, calycibus tubuloso-campa- - nulatis subglabris dentibus basi latis acutiusculis, vexillo jt carinaque apice parce sericeis glabratisve, legumine subtereti | glaberrimo. — Acanithobotrya angustifolia. Eckl. et Zah. Enum. p. 194. Lebeckia decutiens, B glabrata, E. Maw ie Comm. p. 34. : ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSA. 361 Karroo, between Goedmanskraal and Kaus, Dràge! Sands between Bergriver and Zwarteland, Ecklon and Zeyher. $4. Armate. Fruticuli aspalathoidei, ramulis rigidis spines- centibus, 21. L. microphylla (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 155) sericeo- canescens, ramulis rigidis demum subspinescentibus, petiolo brevi, foliolis parvis lineari-obovatis oblongisve complicatis, vexillo ad apicem parce pubescente, legumine hirsuto.— Aspa- lathus cerulescens, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 54. Krebsia argentea, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 179. : Rocky situations on the Camdeboosberg and Klein Bruint- Jeshoogte, Drege! near the Klipplaat river, Drege! Ecklon and Zeyher. s B? leptophylla, E. Mey. l. c. - Near Graafreynet, and on the Los Tafelberg, Drége. 22. L. armata (Thunb.? Fl. Cap. p. 562) spinescens, . Sériceo-canescens v. demum glabriuscula, foliis longiuscule Petiolatis, foliolis parvis oblongo-cuneatis linearibusve com- Plicatis canescenti-puberulis, calyce tubuloso, vexillo apice . Sériceo, lemsumine subtereti glabriusculo. — Acanthobotrya “rmata et A. disticha, Ecklon et Zeyh.? Enum, p. 193.— — The Synonymy of this species is very doubtful. Rocks of Driekoppe, Drége! Dwaka river, Burke!; n. 1965 of Burchell’s! Catalogue, and perhaps mountains of Grænekloof, Ecklon and Zeyher. Sect. 5. Viborgioides. Carina subrostrata, alas vix superans. | Legumen teres v. turgidum.—Frutices rigidi, foliis brevepe- . 445 Sessilibusve trifdliolatis, a Viborgiis nonnisi fructu - distinguendi. | z The species of this section can scarcely be distinguished from, Viborgia except by the pod, which is usually more d even than in the other Lebeckie; they thus approach — _ "Cy near in character as well as in habit to the Crotalaria — p Ë 23. L. fasciculata (sp. n.), subglabra, rigide ramosissima, "lüs subsessilibus subfasciculatis, foliolis parvis cuneato- . Bis acutis emarginatisve, racemis brevibus laxiusculis, 362 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSJE. calyce breviter 5-dentato, legumine sessili turgido glaberrimo. — Fruticulus siccitate nigricans, ramulis quàm in sequentibus minus robustis. Petioli brevissimi, basi incrassati, post folia delapsa sepe persistentes squameformes. Foliola 1-3 lin. longa, glaberrima. - Racemi 1-3-pollicares. Bracteze et brac- teole subulate, lineam longe, decidue. Pedicelliis subbre- viores. Calyx 1 lin. longus, valde obliquus. Petalorum ungues exserti. Legumen 6-8 lin. longum, intus nudum, polyspermum. Cape Colony, Bowie ! 24. L. sessilifolia, rigide ramosissima, ramulis seériceo- pubescentibus, foliis brevissime petiolatis, foliolis obovato- v. cuneato-oblongis crassiusculis, racemis brevibus densis secundis, calycibus late tubulosis, dentibus lanceolatis tubo paullo brevioribus, legumine sessili oblongo acuto turgido glabriusculo.—Acanthobotrya sessilifolia, Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p.193. Viborgia grandiflora, E. Mey. Comm, p. 3l. —Frutex ramis robustis, ramulis numerosis brevibus rigidis demnm subdenudatis at vix spinescentibus. Petioli ut in L. fasciculata, basi persistentes squameformes. Foliola m specimine Mundtiano 2-3 lin. longa, testibus Eckl. et Zeyh. necnon E. Meyero paullo longiora, crassiora quàm m affinibus. Racemi vix pollicares, 6-8 flori. Bractez 1-2 lin. longe, lanceolate, cito decidue. Calyx 4-lin. longus, sub- coloratus. Petala glabriuscula, unguibus quam calycis dentes : brevioribus. Carina brevissime et obtuse rostrata. Legu- men nondum maturum semipollicare. dum Near Caledon, Mundt! between Breede River and Duy- - velshoek, Ecklon and Zeyher. ; 2 25. L. Bowieana (sp. n.), ramis rigidis sericeo-pubescent bus, foliis subsessilibus subfasciculatis, foliolis parvis cuneato- oblongis obovatisve utrinque dense canescenti- pubescentibus, racemis abbreviatis paucifloris, calyce laxe tubuloso glabet- rimo breviter 5-dentato, legumine sessili oblongo acuto tut gido glaberrimo.-—Frutex ramis subvirgatis, ramulis brevibus. ; dense foliatis, nonnullis demum denudatis at vix spinescenti-- bus. Petioli L., fasciculate.: Flores ad apices ramulorum. ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSXE. 363 1-3, nutantes. Bracteæ subulate, decidue. Calyx siccitate nigricans, 1-2 lin. longus. Petala glabra, unguibus breviter exsertis, Carina brevissime rostrata, obtusa. Legumen ju- nius in specimine jam valde turgidum. Cape Colony, Bowie ! L. humilis, Thunb. and L. linearis, D.C. are very doubt- ful, their generic characters being insufficiently described. XXVII. Visoreia, Thunb. This genus, as at present defined, is readily known by its short, stipitate, winged fruit, and these characters, at least the stipes and the wing, may be seen in the ovary as soon as the flower begins to fade: but the synonymy of the species is difficult. The genus was originally established by Thun- berg, but although it is tolerably clear that two at least of his three species belong to it as now settled, yet his character, taken perhaps from the third, is at variance with it. The “ Legumen turgidum, falcatum, acutum," refers evidently to that section of Lebeckia which I have called Viborgioides, which has precisely the same habit, and in which I have placed E, Meyer's V. grandiflora. All the other species of E Meyer are undoubted Viborgie, although perhaps too much multiplied. It is a mistake also to describe the fruit of his V, tetraptera and heteroclados as winged all round. All the species have a winged appendage to the vexillary Suture, and the lower or carinal margin thin and more or ess expanded, but never winged beyond the suture. The species all belong to the dry sandy regions of the Cape and neighbouring districts extending northwards to Gariep and eastward to the Breede River. Boxe l. V. flexuosa (E.. Mey.! Comm. p. 28) glaberrima, ramis Tacemisque | erectis elongatis laxis, foliolis lineari-cuneatis oblongisve glaucescentibus longiuscule petiolatis.— Legumen . Maturum non vidi, junius longe stipitatum, superne alatum. Rocks of the Kamiesbergen, Drége ! yi o = 2. V. sericea (Thunb.? Fl. Cap. p. 560) ramis virgatis Sericeis, foliolis cuneato-oblongis obtusis retusisve LI 364 ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSZ. junioribus sericeis demum glabratis, racemis multifloris carina subrostrata, legumine stipitato anguste alato trans- versim rugoso.—Crotalaria floribunda, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 509. Viborgia obcordata, DC. Prodr. 2. p. 136 et alior. vix Thunb. V. fusca, Eckl. et Zeyh. Comm. p. 194 vix Thunb. V. floribunda, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 28. This is the commonest species in Swartland and dry sandy places in the S. W. part of Cape Colony. The leaves always dry black, and are seldom more than three lines long, and the branches are more broomlike than in any other species. I have little doubt that it is the V. sericea of Thunberg, _ although it is impossible to determine the point with cer- — — tainty, without an inspection of his herbarium ; for in his Flora he tells us first that the leaflets and branches are pubescent, then that the whole shrub is smooth, again that the leaves are entirely silky-pubescent, and lastly that they vary in being more or less silky. 2 The V. obcordata of Thunberg may perhaps be a Lebeckia, for we must suppose that one at least of his species, and in all probability the first in his list, agrees with his um character. 3. V. fusca (Thunb? Fl. Cap. p. 560) glabra, ramis rigidis, ramulis subvirgatis, foliolis obovatis v. cuneato-oblongis mu- cronulatis v. rarius obtusis, racemis multifloris, carina obtusi- : uscula, legumine stipitato hinc late alato faciebus tenuiter reti- culatis.—Pterocarpus peltaria, DC. Leg. Mem. p. 394, t. 573 f. 2. (legumen). V. oblongata, E. Mey! Comm. p. 29, excl. | var f. V. incurvata, E. Mey! Comm. p. 30.—This dries black like V. sericea, the branches are shorter and more rigid and leafy, the flowers considerably smaller. ; Sands of Swartland, Thunberg ; near Roodepan, Droge! id p. microphylla.—V. parviflora, E. Mey? Comm. p. 31. Near Breede river in Swellendam, Mundt ! 4. V. cuspidata, glabra, ramis rigidis, ramulis brevibus. flexuosis divaricatisve rarius subspinescentibus, foliolis parvis obovato-v. cuneato-oblongis mucronulatis obtusisve; ENUMERATION OF LEGUMINOSE. 365 laxis paucifloris, carina subrostrata, legumine stipitato an- guste oblongo subturgido hinc alato faciebus levibus.—V. oblongata, D. cuspidata, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 29. Sandy hills near Kasparskloof, Drége ! 5. V. lanceolata (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 29) undique sub- Sericeo-pubescens, ramis ramulisque patulis rigidis demum subspinescentibus, foliolis cuneato-oblongis obtusis v. acu- tiusculis dense sericeo-pubescentibus, racemis brevibus mul- tifloris, calyce late campanulato pubescente, carina obtusius- cula, legumine stipitato hinc membranaceo-alato, ala infra stylum truncata, faciebus tenuiter reticulatis.—Viborgia se- . ficea, litt. a! et b? E. Mey.! Comm. p. 30.—None of the . Specimens I have seen of this plant dry black. I have not .. Seen the pod quite ripe. Dry rocky mountains of Mierenkasteel and Kasparskloof, near Uitkomst and Wupperthal, Drége / 6. V. spinescens, (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 194), glabra, Tamis ramulisque rigidis divaricatis spinescentibus, foliolis . Umeéato-oblongis obovatisve obtusiusculis pallidis, racemis .. Wultifloris, carina rostrata, legumine hinc late membranaceo- ~ 8lato faciebus reticulatis sutura carinali tenui.— V. monoptera, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 30. V. heteroclada, E. Mey.! 1. c. quoad litt, a, .... Bands and rocks of Kockmans kloof, Mundt! Vierentwin- hg river, and foot of the Kooperbergen, Drage ! 4. V. tetraptera (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 29), glabra, ramis d ramulisque patentibus rigidis flexuosis divaricatisve sub- - Spinescentibus, foliolis obovato-oblongis cuneatisve ob- tusis v, mucronatis, carina subrostrata, legumine hinc late margine inferiore aleformi, faciebus alato-cristatis. Cape and neighbouring districts, Drége! Bowie ! Burchell! n. 6835, etc. 8. V. angustifolia, foliolis plerisque linearibus.—V. tenui- - E. Mey, Linnæa, 7, p. 159. Mouth of the Breede river. Mundt ! (To be continued.) 366 HEPATICH ANTARCTICA. Hepatica Antarcrica; being characters and brief des- criptions of the Hepatica discovered in the southern circumpolar regions during the Voyage of H. M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror; by Dn. J. D. Hooker, and Dr. Tuomas TAYLOR. Waite engaged in preparing for the press other families of Plants collected during the recent voyage of Captain Sir James Ross in the Antarctic Regions; Dr. Taylor whose knowledge of the Hepatice is so universally acknowledged, has kindly assisted me in the investigation of those now under consideration; and in order that the public may derive advantage from it, we give a synopsis of the species in the present Journal, with some remarks, reserving more full observations and figures for the * Botany of the Antarc- tic Voyage,” now in course of publication. J. D. H. 3, I.—Sprecies or LORD AUCKLAND’s AND CAMPBELLS IsLANDs.* reek Hepaticaz L. The genus Jungermannia, L. at present consists of six. hundred and ninety-six published species, and itis conjec tured, of at least three hundred and four more undescribed, z but known to Botanists and preserved in their herbaria = We have thus, under a single genus one thousand species, which, perhaps, is without parallel in any other department í of Natural History. To relieve the memory, to facilitate arrangement, to give greater precision to communication | between Naturalists, and above all to define the groups ^" which nature composes this immense multitude, their Pro” perties and relations; these are strong and worthy motives to attempt the sub-division and analysis of such a gente Naturalists of first-rate talents have made the essay, Nees * For the position and other particulars respecting this group of Isle pec see the Botany of the Antarctic Voyage above mentioned, in 2. E uie HEPATICJE ANTARCTICA. 367 von Esenbeck, Lehmann, Lindenberg, Gottsche, Raddi and others have lately endeavoured to establish new: genera. These, we consider for the present as not entirely accepted. by Botanists, but in the light of proposals, deserving their best consideration. We have, therefore, in the following arrangement steered a middle course, and separated the Jungermannie into sections to which we have given the names of the genera lately advanced, so far as they apply to the species from Campbell’s Island and Lord Auckland's. group. JUNGERMANNIA, L. (Gymnomitrion, Nees.) l. I. stygia, n. Sp., caule erecto. subceespitoso. ramoso, foliis erectis adpressis subimbricatis obovatis obtusis emarginatis Eee. integrisque, pericheetiis rotundatis caule duplo latioribus. x Has. Campbell's Island. Plants growing in somewhat. a tufted manner, up through Musci and. other Jungermannie ; blackish-purple above, the More concealed parts of a dusky olive colour. Stems 2 or 3 lines long, much and irregularly branched. Leaves very minute, alternate, scarcely imbricated, oval or obovate, Sometimes entire. and very obtuse, more commonly and especially on the older stems with a shallow rather obtuse .. Wotch, the segments obtuse; the upper margin sometimes Scatiose. The perichetia are subrotund and have closely Tm Imbricated wide leaves, always scariose and white at their ~ This species approaches to Jung. concinnata, Lightf. very 2 closely ; but the leaves are more distantly placed, the stems . More slender and the pericheetia are sessile and round. In “ur it resembles the German Gynomitrion adustum, Nees; 4/5 however, has far shorter and more simple stems. ee acinacifolia, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso erecto subramoso, “us imbricatis erectis secundis concavis atro-purpureis : *cinaciformibus integerrimis apice rotundatis demum 568 HEPATICE ANTARCTICA. Has. Campbell’s Island. Tufts overtopping other mosses, scarcely an inch high, dark purplish-brown. Stems often bent, having a pair of annual shoots from the end of the shorter stem of the pre- ceding year. Leaves so imbricated, as well as so secund, as to leave a channel along the upper part of the stem, which is usual in this subdivision of the genus. The leaves are somewhat scymetar-shaped, that is with their posterior margin slightly bent back, while the anterior is gibbous. The entire leaves distinguish at once the present from its - European congener, J. concinnata, Lightf., while the Cape of Good Hope Gymnomitrion scariosum, Nees. which likewise: has entire foliage, displays a different habit altogether with is pale lemon-coloured shoots, its thinner leaves, and above al | with the presence of stipules. es 3. 1. ochrophylla, n. sp.; caule decumbente inflexo ramoso, folis distichis imbricatis erecto-patentibus concavis 09- ovatis emarginatis segmentis obtusis, stipulis subnullis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. ue In loose patches, some inches in diameter, very pale green. - Stems about an inch long, irregularly branched, somewhat thickened above. Leaves slightly amplexicaul on opposite - sides of the stems, their notch shallow, their segments nearly P equal and obtuse, themselves imbricated but not adpressed, from a narrow concave base obovate. ‘The stipules are sometimes observable as very minute oblong scales, scarce" notched on their summits; very frequently, however, t are altogether absent. This may be distinguished from o I. perigonialis by its greater size, its paler colour, its leaves being more crowded, their segments more obtuse, their cellules much larger and the stems much thicker. (Sarcoscyphus, Nees.) 3 4. I. perigonialis. n. sp.; caule cæspitoso erecto subramosey folis subcontiguis erectiusculis secundis basi ample i libus integerrimis obovatis, emarginatis, segmentis intequa- libus obtusiusculis, perigoniis ovato-oblongiis, eorum HEPATICA ANTARCTICA, 369 subintegris concavissimis arcte imbricatis basi ventri- cosis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Tufts dense, several inches in diameter, brownish. Stems about half an inch long, rather thick. Leaves scarcely im- bricated, embracing the stem, towards the middle slightly recurved, emarginate with an obtuse sinus, the inferior seg- ment the larger, both ranks of leaves are bent up from the inferior side of the stem and so are somewhat secund. Perigonia very frequent, sometimes in the middle of a shoot, sometimes terminal, their diameter is wider than that of the test of the shoot, their leaves quite tumid, half-pitcher- shaped at the base, their tops short, entire or but faintly notched. Although no calyces have been observed in the present, its affinity to the European Jungermannia Funckii, Mohr, is 80 strong, that the one may easily be mistaken for the other. In the latter, however, 1. the stems are shorter, 2. the leaves more closely set, 3. their division into two segments is deeper, While the segments are acute. (Alicularia, Nees.) 5. J. occlusa, n. sp.; caule recto subcespitoso, ramis binis simplicibus, foliis reniformibus hine descendentibus inte- gerrimis adpressis subconcavis. Has. Campbell’s Island. .. . Stems nearly two inches high, the older parts black. = saves of a dusky olive-green, their cellules very minute and “ose, they increase in size towards the top of the stem where they are collected into a subcircular circinate flat sum- mut of a pale reddish-brown tinge. differs from the European Jungermannia compressa, ook., by the inferior lobe of the leaf being longer and Sing down considerably below the inferior edge of the "uperior lobe, as also by the minuter and closer cellulation . 9 the leaves, No fruit has been observed, — nm VOL, rrr, 2 E 370 HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. 6. J. strongylophylla, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto ramoso, folis minutis erectiusculis subimbricatis secundis rotun- datis concaviusculis integerrimis, stipulis minutis bifidis, calyce oblongo subcompresso ore rotundato bilabiato. Var. B. minor; gracilior, foliis minutioribus. Has. Campbell’s Island and, 6., Lord Auckland's group. Tufts brownish, about half an inch high, overtopping other mosses. Stems subflexuose. Leaves very small, densely cellular and having a series of larger cells around the margin, when moistened and under the lens appearing of a pale brownish-olive colour. Stipules very minute, oblong, bifid. There is no northern congener to which the present may be compared. In the var. 8, from Lord Auckland's group, the leaves are more distant, rather smaller; besides, there occur perigonia consisting of short spikes of more crowded and ventricose leaves about the middle of the shoots; the peri- chetial leaves are longer than the cauline; the calyx exceeds in length the perichetial leaves and is oblongo-ob- ovate, its mouth crenate. (Gottschea, Nees.) 7. J. Lehmanniana, Lind. in Lehm. Pug. IV. p. 60. Gottschea — Hombroniana, Mont. in Annales des Sc. Natur. Avril, jM» Has. Lord Auckland's group. u o 8. J. ciliigera ; n. sp. Caule procumbente cæspitoso repente E . vag? ramoso squamoso squamis ciliatis, foliis arcte imbricatis patentibus concavis acutis sublobato-ciliatis lobo ven" latè ovato apice bifido, dorsali subzquali ovato, SEpU? nullis, calyce demüm laterali oblongo-lanceolato int” subincurvo. . Has. Lord Auckland’s group; amongst mosses. ; Tufts several inches wide, pale-olive brown. Stems neatly | three inches long, thickened and branched above, the branches sub-patent, compressed. Leaves alternate, very closely ri bricated, the commissure of the lobes is prolonged HEPATIC/E ANTARCTIC. 371 the surface of the ventral lobe into a linear ciliated crest. The inflated top of the stem forms the base of the calyx, the upper part fixed upon this is formed of two leaves united at the base and convoluted above. Pedicel about half an inch long. Capsule oblong, large, splitting into four linear valves, which have the seeds mixed with spiral fila- ments attached to their bases. This rivals in size and resembles in appearance Go£tschea Lehmanniana of Nees; from which the absence of stipules will at once distinguish it, besides both lobes of the leaves being more acuminate and with elongated cilie. (Plagiochila, Nees et Mont.) 9. J. fasciculata, Lind. Spec. Hep. Fasc. I. p. 7, n. 2, t. 1. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. 10, J. hemicardia, n. sp. ; caule czespitoso erecto ramoso, foliis arcte imbricatis erecto-patentibus semicordatis subinteger- rimis concavis, margine anteriore recurvo, posteriore basi gibboso, Has, Campbell’s Island. Tufts brownish-olive, about an inch high. The leaves meet back to back and, being closely imbricated, present a Concave groove along the back of the stem on each side; above, the recurved margins are tumid and placed across the Stem ; the leaves are mostly entire, a few towards the summit ving sometimes but two or three minute denticulations ; . 4I texture is close and consists of minute hexangular cells. In genera] habit the present bears no inconsiderable resem- „ace to Jung. punctata, Tayl., lately found in Ireland and in the Canaries, but the subentire and gibbous leaves : 1 readily distinguish it. 2 J. circinalis, Lehm. et Lind., Spec. Hep. p. 124, n. 15, Han. Lord Auckland’s group. : | Ae -ms entirely agrees with an authentic specimen from Lin- 222 $72 HEPATICA ANTARCTIC. denberg, except that the summits of the stems do not curve in so circinate a manner; but it is to be observed that such circinate summits are truly perigonia, which have leaves smaller, more ventricose and more erect than the cauline; some of them containing in the axille each a single, rather large, pedicellated anther. 12. J. cognata, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto subsimplici, foliis laxe imbricatis erecto-patentibus late ovatis acuminu- latis paucidentatis decurrentibus, margine anteriore recurvo, calycibus terminalibus, perichetio subzqualibus angustis oblongis parum curvatis bilabiatis, labiis acuminatis ciliato- dentatis. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. Tufts some inches in diameter, inferior parts dark brown, upper whitish-tawny. Stems scarcely one inch long, upright, slightly curved at the top, scarcely branched except by 2 - pair of new shoots from the top of the stem or from the base —— of the perichetium of the preceding season. The leaves —— from a narrow base are widely ovate, having three or four large teeth of which the terminal is the greatest and gives an acumination to the leaf; the anterior margin is slightly re- curved and decurrent in front of the stem. The perichætium has its leaves erect, elongated and deeply toothed. The! grown calyx does not exceed the perichetium in height, and is from a narrow base oblong, slightly bent to one side and at its mouth has a pair of dentato-ciliate, acu- minate lips. Jung. decipiens, Hoox., is very analogous to the be this, however, has the inferior as well as the upper *€ constantly toothed, their tops are more decidedly ac and above all, their structure is more dense, consisting ' very minute, scarcely distinguishable cellules. 13. J. pleurata, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto subramoso, foliis laxius imbricatis erecto-patentibus obovatis pauci dentatis, margine anteriore recurvo, calycibus basi nudis elongato-obovatis costatis, ore minuto denticulato. z i HEPATICIE ANTARCTICA 373 Has. Lord Auckland's group. Tufts several inches in diameter, dusky straw-coloured. Stems nearly one inch long, sparingly branched with one or two annual shoots. "The lower leaves sometimes present but a single tooth on the margin, otherwise they are uniform, rounded above and slightly decurrent in front. The calyx has a long, very narrow base quite naked of leaves, it rises Obovate, and is terminated by a narrow almost tubular mouth, it has four or five quite distinct rugged ribs of which two Opposite to each other are more opaque, the old calyx splits down on two opposite sides, the pericheetial leaves are similar to the cauline. In the Peruvian Plagiochila gymnocalycina, Lind., the ey X, equally naked below,is smooth and quite destitute of ribs; its leaves are more serrated and the plant is of a larger Size, M. J, fuscella, n. Sp.; caule laxe cespitoso adscendente vage ramoso, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus rotundatis, sic- citate verticalibus madore subdeflexis, margine anteriore Tecurvo subdecurrente, posteriore minutissime subserru- to, calyce terminali obovato truncato deflexo foliis peri- . Cheetialibus breviore. Han. Lord Auckland's group. Tufts wide, dark brown or nearly black. Stems one and a f inches high, curved at the very summits. Leaves round, slightly decurrent in front, but recurrent or turning up meet the stem at the base of the posterior margin; in /; BB. the margin is entire, but in those nearest to the Summit most minute denticulations may be observed with lens, This species is far larger than Plagiochila pusilla, Mon- tagne, has not the stem curved, and its leaves are much more minutely denticulate. A very few calyces were observed, 4nd found to be shorter than the perichetial leaves and con- e by them. Some were proliferous, i.e. one or two Young shoots proceeded from their bases within and issued 374 HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA. out of their mouths, a circumstance I had before observed in Jung. Lyoni, Tayl. 15. J. abbreviata, n. sp.; caule erecto simplici disperso abbre- viato, foliis imbricatis concavis erecto-patentibus latis rotundatis, margine subincurvo decurrente subintegerrimo. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Stems scattered through tufts of other Jungermannie, very short, upright or slightly recurved, pale dusky olive. Leaves at the base, and again at the summit of the shoots, the smallest ; hence the entire stem and leaves appear somewhat elliptical. The leaves are very concave, the one immediately above is partly received into the one next below ; they have an uneven margin, which, however, is quite entire except on the terminating pair on whicha solitary tooth may sometimes be descried on the upper margin. From the North American Plagiochila porelloides, Lind., our’s may be distinguished by its simple stem, by the thick- ness of the short shoot in proportion to its length, and by the anterior margin being incurved. (Jungermannia, Linn.) * 16. J. colorata, Lehm. in Linnea, IV. p. 366. Has. Campbell’s Island. Si 17. J. intortifolia, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso erecto innovatio- nibus binis ramoso cæterum simplici, foliis imbricatis con- cavissimis oblongo-rotundatis inæqualiter bifidis segmentis acuminatis margine incurvo subdentato, stipulis rotundatis emarginatis subdentatis concavissimis imbricatis. S Has. Campbell’s Island. un A. Tufts from two to three inches high, flaccid, of a sordid purple colour. Stems thickened above. Leaves ventricosó appearing inflated from the incurvation of their margin* amplexicaul, scarcely dentate, sometimes entire; their S€8 * Char. emendatus Neesii v. Esenbeck. HEPATICH ANTARCTICA, 375 ments acuminate, with tops bent in. Stipules nearly rotun- date, one margin often with the dentation more conspicuous than in the other, and this occurs on alternate sides of adja- cent stipules. This species approaches in characters very near to the tropical Jung. serrulata, Swartz. It is however a larger and thicker plant, has leaves more opaque and of a more lurid purple, they are moreover longer, more erect, with margins scarcely toothed. 18. J. schismoides, Mont. in Voy. au Pol. Sud, t. 17, f. 1. Has. Campbell's Island and Lord Auckland's group. 19. J. multicuspidata, n. sp. ; caule subcespitoso adscendente subramoso, foliis erectiusculis laxis concaviusculis obovatis bi-tri-quadrifidis, segmentis acuminatis, calyce terminali subulato ore dentato, Has. Campbell’s Island. Tufts one inch high, pale-brownish white. Stems branched by a pair of annual innovations, which are opposite and ori- ginate at the base of the calyx. Leaves rather distant, loose in texture, deeply and variously cut into two, three or four subdivergent segments. The two perichetial leaves always quadrifid, erect, loosely embracing the base of the calyx. is is subulate, inflated, minutely toothed at the mouth and With one or two faint longitudinal grooves on the neck. ere are no stipules. is species possesses many points of resemblance to the northern J, bicuspidata, L. as its pale colour, loose ves with large cellules and with acuminate segments, and elongated calyx. It differs by its smaller size, its stem and leayes more erect, the leaves more divided and by the calyx terminating the branches and not supported on proper shoots, although in this particular J. bicuspidata, L. is some- times sportive, 90. J. lurgescens, n. sp.; caule procumbente ceespitoso ra- moso, foliis imbricatis erectis secundis reniformibus antice i decurrentibus integerrimis, stipulis obovatis apice bi- 376 HEPATIC® ANTARCTICA. fidis integerrimis, calyce terminali oblongo compresso truncato ore integerrimo. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Tufts several inches wide, pale yellowish-olive. Stems scarcely one inch long, variously branched, ascending at their summits. Leaves nearly kidney-shaped, their margins slightly incurved, hence they are concave. Stipules rather small in proportion to the leaves, bifid at the top, with a very shallow notch, the segments subacute. "The leaves on fertile shoots in a series rapidly increasing to the pair form- ing the perichetium, which are the largest and most erecf, while the third or stipular piece is very small. Calyx ter- minating the shoot of the preceding year, from a narrow base oblong truncate and compressed before the issuing of the capsule, afterwards resembling a flattened cylinder slightly curved towards the upper side of the stem. 'The Jungermannie with round concave imbricated leaves and bifid stipules, growing in the North of Europe, bero calyces subcylindrical or ovate; the present is excentric : having that organ compressed and truncate. So it may Ww the type of a new genus as valid as many proposed in mo- dern times; and to which, perhaps, our J. strongylophylla 1s likewise to be referred. 21. J. notophylla, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto subramos% foliis imbricatis patenti-recurvis rotundato-reniformibus concavissimis subintegerrimis margine incurvis, stipulis rotundato-ovatis obtusissimis concavis subintegerrimis. - Has. Lord Auckland's group. Tufts of parallel, erect, simple, pale straw-coloured shoots, — a little thickened and incurved at their summits. The sean? | from their incurved margins and inflated condition represent sacks partly divided. The stipules, likewise, which are much wider than the stems and about one fourth of the size of the leaves, are very hollow and mostly entire. The leaves pre shaped somewhat like the human external ear, and gate: current in front. Old plants turn of a dusky-purple colour. - HEPATICA ANTARCTIC. 377 There is no European, or foreign Jungermannia, that ap- proaches the present in configuration. 22. J. diplophylla, n. sp.; caule procumbente implexo sub- ramoso complanato, foliis distichis imbricatis patentibus ciliato-dentatis bilobis, lobis plica conduplicatis, lobo supe- riore minore ovato subacuto erecto-patente, inferiore late ovato obtuso patente, stipulis quadrato-rotundatis bifidis, segmentis sublinearibus ciliato-dentatis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Patches from one to two inches in diameter, whitish-olive. Stems about one and a half inch high, with a few irregular branches. The duplicature between the lobes of the leaves is about one third of the length of the inferior lobe. The duplicature of the leaf next above is received within the du- Plicature of the leaf next below, consequently the upper lobes are imbricated in themselves, as are the lower lobes in themselves, The present would appear to belong to a new genus. It 15 an example of a Scapania of Lindenberg; but having stipules! Yet, probably, the fructification is quite different ; for in a single instance, observed in a specimen from Mac- quarrie’s River, there was no calyx present ; the calyptra was globose, surmounted by a truncate style, rough with nume- rous barren pistilla on its surface and surrounded by numerous scales of which the interior were the narrowest, all of them laciniate and all enclosed in a triphyllous peri- chetium, (Gymnanthe, Tayl.) Cuar. Gen, Receptaculum commune terminale, obconicum, descendens, Calyx nullus. Capsula quadrivalvis, seta suffulta, Elateres spirales seminibus immixti. Anthere In foliorum axillis libere, pedicellatze.—Stirpes ezstipulate; Peticheetia majora; folia caulina infima minima. m 3. J. tenella, n. sp. ; caule adscendente simplici, foliis 378 HEPATICJE ANTARCTICA. subimbricatis erecto-patentibus concavis subsecundis ex angusta basi obovatis obtusissimis apice bilobis dentatis, perichetialibus majoribus nutantibus, receptaculo com- muni elongato obconico striato. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Stems scarcely tufted, erect, slightly incurved above, from one to three inches long, prolonged at the top by annual innovations arising from the base of the perichetium, when this is present. The leaves, in the series from the base to the summit of the stem, are constantly increasing in size. The receptacle is elongate, obconical of a pale tawny colour, striated : the barren pistilla are crowded, erect, linear, covered by a pair of laciniated scales, descending at a considerable angle from the stem and emitting rootlets. The perigonia are spikes situated in the course of the stems, and have leaves closely imbricated, erect, swollen at their bases, each containing several dusky oblong anthers whose pedicels are elongated. To this genus or sub-genus may be referred Junger- mannia Wilsoni, Tayl., (Acrobolbus Wilsoni, Gottsche) and Jungermannia saccata, Hooker. (Lophocolea, Nees.) 24. J. bispinosa, n. sp.; caule procumbente implexo sub- ramoso, foliis subimbricatis erecto-patentibus secundis, eX - lata decurrente basi oblongo-ovatis obtuse emarginatis segmentis divaricatis acuminatis, stipulis minimis bipartitis utrinque subdentatis segmentis subulatis. : Has. Campbell's Island. int Tufts two or three inches wide, whitish-yellow. Stems supine, slightly flexuose. Leaves, to the naked eye, so ap- proximate that the patch resembles one of Jung. furcata, L.; their bases are broad, the lower margin decurrent, they 7e so secund that under a lens the stipules are conspicuous, divided nearly down to the base, each segment sometimes - having a tooth or very short process on its outer towards the base. HEPATICH’ ANTARCTIC. 379 One of a tribe difficult to determine or describe; all having Jung. bidentata, L.for their type; from this species our's differs by the minuter size, secund leaves, which are more elongated, their cellules more minute, their emargina- tion deeper and the stipules more minute and less decom- pounded. 25. J. grisea, n. sp.; caule procumbente implexo ramoso, folis patentibus approximatis supremis congestis ovali- rotundatis integerrimis marginibus recurvis, stipulis bipar- titis segmentis hinc unidentatis, calyce terminali triangulari- oblongo compresso ore dentato. Has. Lord Auckland's group. fes Patches flat, shallow, greyish-olive or dusky. Stem between one and two inches long, variously branched, tops of the shoots ascending. Leaves in the inferior part of the stem distichous, convex from the recurvation of both upper and lower margins, in the upper part adpressed and secund, forming a flat capitulum. Calyces about one line long, tri- angular, the angles thickened and opaque, the wider side corresponding to the inferior side of the stem, the mouth is triangular and toothed. Pericheetial leaves three, erect, of these the two upper are larger and more elongated than the cauline, rounded and entire, the third or stipular is oblong, bifid with a shallow notch, its margins recurved. This exhibits a strong resemblance to Lophocolea discedens of Nees ; it is however a larger species, of a paler colour, the leaves are not patenti-recurved but rather erecto-patent, their tops are entire, the stipules have segments, bearing each a Single tooth on the outer margin. 26. J. lenta, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso subsimplici adscendente debili subflexuoso, foliis distichis contiguis patentibus oblongis bifidis, segmentisd ivaricatis acuminatis integer- rimis, stipulis minutis lanceolatis bipartitis integerrimis, oo obovato compresso trigono ore bilabiato den- Haz. Lord Auckland's group. 380 HEPATICZ ANTARCTIICA. Z Tufts wide, white above, pale-brown beneath. Stems from one to two inches high, usually unbranched, elongated, in- curved a little towards the summit. Although the stems are ascending, yet radicles issue from above the stipules throughout their entire length, whence it is possible that in situations where the stems are not tufted they may be alto- gether creeping and procumbent. The leaves are in two ranks, yet from their rising up they sometimes appear to be secund : they are widest about the middle, preserving, how- ever, an oblong figure ; they are emarginate, having an obtuse sinus and acuminated segments. It is rare to find a tooth on either segment of the stipules at their outward margin and towards the base. The perichetial leaves are upright, the two lateral do not differ in figure from the cauline; that corresponding to the stipules is nearly as large as the others. The calyx is delicate, nearly transparent, triangular, with the inferior side the widest, its angles are thickened and opaque the mouth has large spinous teeth and is divided into acute segments. The capsule is oval; the peduncle one quarter of an inch long, Of the European species, Jung. bidentata, L., is its nearest ally, from which its smaller size and entire segments of the stipules will readily distinguish it; but, it approaches much nearer to Jung. perpusilla, nob., from the same place ; it may be known, however, by its greater size, more considerable upright tufts, the deeper emargination of the leaves, their more acuminate segments, their greater cellules, and the deeper partition of the stipules. Be 27. J. perpusilla, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso adscendente subra- — moso, foliis erecto-patentibus subsecundis oblongo-ovatis bifidis, segmentis divaricatis obtusiusculis integerrimis stipulis minutis oblongis bifidis integerrimis, perigonis ovatis. Has. Campbell’s Island. ipu cn Tufts minute, occurring on different Musci, probably "m very wet situations, very pale yellow. Stems scarcely thros 3 HEPATICJ ANTARCTICA. 381 lines long, very sparingly branched. Leaves patent, usually from a narrow base ovate, bifid, very rarely trifid at the summit, their sinus obtuse. Stipules about the breadth of the stems, divided above into two acuminate entire segments. The perigonia are short ovate spikes of closely imbricated, ventricose leaves, with minute recurved summits. In plants bearing barren perichztia the leaves are more round, and increase in size towards the summit of the stem, where at length they become perichetial with a shallower sinus than in the cauline, than which they are far longer and are sub- dentate. Exceedingly near the preceding, under the description of which the differences are pointed out. 28. J. multipenna, n. sp.; caule ceespitoso erecto apice inno- vationibus binis ramoso, foliis imbricatis concavissimis oblongo-rotundatis inequaliter bifidis, segmentis acumi- natis margine incurvis subdentatis, stipulis rotundatis emarginatis subdentatis concavissimis imbricatis. Han. Campbell’s Island. Tufts two or three inches high, flaccid, of a sordid purple colour. Stems thickened above. Leaves ventricose, inflated from the incurvation of their margins, amplexicaul, scarcely dentate, sometimes entire, their acuminated segments bent in, Stipules nearly rotundate, one margin, often, with the dentation more conspicuous than in the other and this on alternate sides of adjoining stipules. This species approaches, in character, very near to the tropical Jung. serrulata, Swartz. It is, however, a larger and thicker plant, has the leaves more opaque and of a lurid Purple colour, they are besides longer, more erect, and their Margins far from being spinuloso-dentate, are scarcely toothed. 29. J. spinifera, n. sp.; caule prostrato implexo subramoso, foliis arcte imbricatis erecto-patentibus decurrentibus mar- gine recurvis ovato-oblongis emarginatis bidentatis, stipulis majoribus subrotundis 6-fidis, segmentis lanceolatis. 382 HEPATICÆ ANTARCTICA. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Growing rather scattered, than in patches, on the surface of other Hepatice, whitish-green. Stems about half an inch long, creeping, their tops acuminate and recurved, appearing channelled on the upper side from the closely imbricated leaves approaching at their bases. Leaves with large cellules, nearly transparent when viewed under a lens in water; they are widest at their insertion, their inferior margin is very decurrent, their sinus is obtuse, the segments much acumi- nate and divergent. Stipules remarkable for their size, from a round and concave base dividing usually into six segments, which embrace the leaves and give to the shoot a very spinous appearance. The anthers are situated at the bases of the perigonial leaves on the upper part of the stem in the channel between the leaves alternately; they are white, rather large, and are pedicellated. 30. J. allodonta, n. sp.; caule prostrato implexo ramoso, foliis distichis imbricatis patentibus ovato-oblongis obtusis subbidentatis, stipulis minutis lanceolatis bipartitis inte- gerrimis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Patches some inches in diameter, lurid-green. Stems about one inch long, irregularly branched. Leaves lying in one plane, oblong, with a wide base, rather rounded at their tops; having commonly two teeth and an irregular sinus be- tween them; often, however, there is but a single tooth and sometimes none; when one tooth is wanting it is always the posterior. Stipules deeply cloven, the segments linear acute, entire. The shape of the stipules, the lurid colour, and the more oblong leaves will distinguish this plant from Jung. Tricho- manes, Dicks. in a barren state. : 31. J. planiuscula, n. sp.; caule cespitoso procumbente ramoso, folis distichis subimbricatis patentibus ex lata basi rotundato-ovatis integerrimis, stipulis minutis ovatis apice bifidis basi utrinque unidentatis. i HEPATICH ANTARCTICA, 383 Has. Lord Auckland’s group. Patches several inches broad, dusky purple or the younger shoots pale but dusky olive. Stems blackish, nearly two inches long, variously branched. Leaves flattish, thin, with large cellules, the tops often folded back and the outline irregular, being sometimes slightly indented, shewing a dis- position to be emarginate, yet this does not occur. Stipules with a shallow division at their tops, not wider than the stems. Allied to Jung. heterophylla, Schrad. ; this moss, how- ever, is much smaller, much paler, with leaves more decidedly emarginate, more closely imbricated, their cellules much more minute and the stipules more divided. (Chiloscyphus, Nees.) 32. J. australis, n. sp.; caule laxe cæspitoso procumbente ramoso, folis imbricatis planis rotundatis integerrimis, stipulis oblongis bipartitis segmentis basi dentatis, fructu in ramis brevibus terminali, calyce oblongo subcompresso bialato bilabiato labiis rotundatis dentatis. Han. Campbell’s Island, and Lord Auckland’s group. From the former, the plants are brown, growing in loose Patches among other Jungermannie. Stems above an inch in length, sending down rootlets from their whole under surface; irregularly branched. Leaves on the younger shoots vertical, adpressed and homomallous, on the older subpatent; of the cellules some are remarkably larger and more opaque, Such are irregularly dispersed. Stipules oblong, deeply divided into two divergent, acuminate segments, each of which has a large tooth on the outer margin towards the base. On the short fertile branches are about five pairs of leaves, of which the pair next to the calyx or the perichetial are oblong and the stipule corresponding is the largest and most deeply laci- "lated. "The calyx is oblong, cylindrical at the base, subeom- Pressed above, where are two linear and waved wings, below 'S a short wing reaching from the base half-way towards the 384 HEPATIC® ANTARCTICA. summit. A broken capsule found within a calyx contained angulato-rotundate secds, which had the appearance of sutures diverging from a point above, also spiral filaments, slender, much twisted and containing a double helix. The barren plant has a strong resemblance to certain states of Jungermannia polyanthos, L. from which the oblong, winged calyx and included calyptra, as well as the more toothed stipules, will serve to distinguish the present. 33. J. Billardieri, Schwaeg. Musci Hepat. Prod. p. \9. Has. Campbell’s Island and Lord Auckland’s group. 34. J. coalita, Hooker, Musci Ezot. t. 123. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. 35. J. sinuosa, Hooker, Musci Exot. t. 113. Has. Lord Auckland's group. ; 36. J. leucophylla, n. sp.; caule laxe czspitoso elongato erecto subramoso, folis imbricatis patentibus convexius- culis triangularibus decurrentibus cum stipulis oblongis coalitis utrinque spinoso-dentatis margine recurvis, calyce elongato oblongo compresso bilabiato, labiis denticulatis, perigonii foliis abbreviatis confertioribus. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. Rather dispersed among other Jungermanmie, dusky yellowish-olive. Stems scarcely exceeding one inch m- height; the branches few, and variously placed. Leaves and stipules spinoso-dentate on the anterior margin, W^ is considerably recurved. The perigonia are either termin or in the course of a shoot, and very conspicuous from being so much narrower than the rest of the branch, with leaves much shorter and more crowded than the cauline; in axille of three or four, single, pedicellated, very minute, = oblong anthers may be observed. 37. J. fissistipa, n. sp.; caule prostrato implexo sub foliis distichis imbricatis patentibus margine inferiore T° - curvo integerrimo basi decurrente ovatis obtusis ciliato- dentatis cum stipula coalitis, stipulis rotundatis laciniatis laciniis ciliato-dentatis. 2. ramoso — HEPATICJ& ANTARCTIC. 285 Chiloscyphus spinosus, Gottsche in Synops. Hepatic. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Patches some inches in diameter, growing on the surface of other Hepatice or Musci, pale-tawny. Stems from one to two inches long, variously but sparingly branched ; shoots one eighth of an inch wide. Leaves rather flat, but, by the recurvation of the inferior margin, they appear at that part somewhat convex; the denticulation is long and the terminal pair of teeth include a considerable notch ; the stipules are round and divided into about six short lacinie, which how- ever have teeth as coarse as those of the leaves. The deeply divided stipules will serve readily to separate this species from Jung. Billardieri, Hooker. (Lepidozea, Wees). 38. J. levifolia, n. sp.; caule implexo elongato pinnato, ramis brevibus patentibus recurvis attenuatis, foliis stipu- lisque quadrato-rotundatis quadrifidis segmentis acutis incurvis, calyce in ramis brevibus ex inferiore parte caulis egredientibus terminali lanceolato acuminato apice plicato, ore denticulato. Has. Campbell’s Island. In flat tufts, or dispersed, pale-olive brown. Stems slen- der, one or two inches long; branches attenuate, short, Issuing at right angles, subrecurved. Leaves fixed obliquely across the stem, rather distant, smooth. Stipules scarcely one fourth of the size of the leaves. Calyx terminal on a very short perichetium of a few erect adpressed leaves, which are less deeply divided than the cauline. Capsule cylindrical ; seeds numerous, round, dark-brown ; spiral filaments long, slightly twisted, having a double helix. This Species approaches the European Jungermannia *eptans, L.; the size is smaller, the stems less closely pin- nated, the leaves are more distant and have not the dotted Appearance arising from prominent cellules as noticed of J. reptans in Hook. Brit. Jung. Besides, the calyx is Situated on a shorter pericheetium, and is more elongated. VOL. i. 2r 286 HEPATIC4 ANTARCTIC. 39. J. tenax, Greville in Ann. Lyc. of New York. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. 40. J. tetradactyla, n. sp.; caule implexo debili prostrato subpinnato, foliis distichis patentibus laxiusculis ex sub- quadrata basi longius quadrispinosis, spinis articulatis, stipulis minutis quadripartitis, calyce elongato cylindraceo ore contracto ciliato. Has. Lord Auckland's group; on Jung. coalita, Hooker. Patches from one to two inches wide, pale yellowish- green. Stems often one inch long, much branched with alternate shoots, whose leaves are crowded towards the summit. "The stem is contained in a transparent and colour- less sheath, much wider than the opaque central part ; hence, under a lens, the stem appears to be winged with a pellucid membrane. Leaves on the main stem more distant than af the tops of the shoots, from a broad subquadrate base, divid- ing above into four jointed setaceous segments. The sti- pules are scarcely wider than the stems, and their divisions are rather subulate than setaceous. : From Jung. centipes, Tayl., a species from Van Diemen $ Land, the present may be separated by its darker colour, 155 more branched and decidedly pinnate stems, by the lesser ratio of the undivided to the divided part of the leaves, by the more distant and less patent leaves, and by the more setaceous figure of their segments. : The calyces and perigonia occur on New Zealand spec mens; the former are fully as long as the shoots, he remarkably large in proportion to the size of the plant, they are ovato-cylindrical, very slightly bent to one side ; ioc : pericheetial leaves are erect, and have a longer common = ae to the laciniz than the cauline. The perigonia are cylindrica P spikes, their leaves have large and tumid bases, and usually 2 are only bifid above, each containing at its axilla a singe - round, minute, brownish, pedicellated anther. p. 41. J. patentissima, n. sp.; caule subcespitoso repente Led nato, ramis brevibus, foliis imbricatis patentibus late ae losis obovatis quadrifidis segmentis rectiusculis integerrm T. stipulis minutis subquadratis quadridentatis. HEPATICZ ANTARCTIC. 287 Has. Lord Auckland’s group. Patches shallow, creeping on other Hepatice or on Musci, pale yellowish-olive ; branches scarcely distinguishable by the naked eye, alternate, short, the flagelliform ones attenuated, their leaves distant and diminishing towards the ends. Cauline leaves closely set, patent, their segments not re- curved, their cellules large, obovate and divided above into four lanceolate segments, the undivided part cuneate. Sti- pules not wider than the stems, their divisions short. Our plant approaches, in character and habit, nearest to the European Jungermannia reptans, L. It is, however, much smaller, its leaves are not at all incurved or concave, their undivided portion or base less considerable, their divi- sion deeper, and themselves more closely imbricated. 42, J. albula, n. sp.; caule subimplexo erecto ramoso, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus concavis late oblongis apiee quadrispinosis antice gibbosis dentatis, stipulis concavis rotundatis subsexfidis. Has. Lord’ Auckland's group; growing on Gotischea Lehmanniana, Lind. Stems thinly dispersed, very whitish-green, rather pinnate ; branches short, except when terminated with flagelliform Shoots. Leaves concave, their segments pointing forwards and thus imbricated, like a series of cups one within another, their cellules large, their anterior margin swelling out and dentate, the four segments or spines entire. Stipules about one-third the size of the leaves, imbricated, divided into six to eight lacinize. € present is allied to Jungermannia Scolopendra, Hooker, as well as to Jungermannia hirsuta, Nees; both of these, Owever, have a hoary aspect, absent in our plant; besides their leaves are more erect and adpressed, while the segments are longer and narrower. 43. J, hippurioides, n. sp.; caule czspitoso minuto procum- bente ramoso, foliis subimbricatis patentibus ex angusta basi bi-trifidis, segmentis linearibus acutiusculis, stipulis minutis erectis adpressis trifidis. 288 HEPATICAE ANTARCTICA. Has. Lord Auckland's group. On bark. Tufts with variously entangled, flattish shoots, pale olive. Stems nearly two inches long, very irregularly pinnate. Leaves closely set, patent, appearing as if the segments were in whorls, divided into two or three deep segments, very rarely into four, such lacinie are not articulated but mi- nutely cellular. The stipules may easily escape detection, lying closely adpressed to the stem, and not exceeding it in diameter; they have usually three upright linear divisions. From Jungermannia tetradactyla, nob. above described, the present may be known by its shorter, more patent leaves, which, as well as the stipules, are usually trifid. 44. J. dispar, Mont. Campbell’s Island, and Lord Auckland’s group. (Mastigobryum, Nees). 45. J. Nove Hollandie, Nees. Has. Lord Auckland's group. 46. J. involuta, Mont. in Voy. au Pol. Sud. t. 18. f. 2. Has. Lord Auckland's group. : Of all the Mastigobrya of Nees the present most approxi- mates to M. Nove Hollandie ; it may be distinguished by the yellower colour of the entire plant, the more simple and greater stems, by the larger, wider, and shorter leaves, which, too, are not so closely imbricated, and by the wider cells which they are composed, 47. J. atro-virens, n. sp.; caule disperso erecto remo subtus flagellifero, foliis patentibus subdistantibus triangu- laribus obtusiusculis apice inzequaliter bifidis cæterum 1m- tegerrimis, cellulis marginem inferiorem versus majoribus, stipulis minutis semirotundatis tripartitis, segmentis acutis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Stems about one inch high, frequently solitary, irregularly branched, the younger greenish-olive, the older blackish. Leaves minute in proportion to the breadth of the stem» scarcely imbricated, triangular or obliquely ovate, acutely — — HEPATICH ANTARCTICA. 289 emarginate, slightly incurved at the top; the cellules are in distinct dots, and so much larger towards the inferior margin as to give the appearance of the presence of a pellucid nerve as happens in M. inequilaterum, Nees. Stipules scarcely as wide as the stems ; they have three acuminate teeth, issuing from a shallow common portion. The diminutive size, irre- gular branching, great disproportion between the breadth of the stems and of the leaves, their rather distant position and unequal cellules, give characters, when taken together, that readily distinguish the present from all its congeners. 48. J. nutans, n. sp.; caule laxe cespitoso erecto incurvo simplici, foliis arcte imbricatis patentibus concavis latissime ovatis apice inzqualiter bifidis, margine subintegris, sti- pulis erectis oblongo-rotundatis concavis apice subdentatis, stolonibus subbasilaribus adscendentibus apice demum fo- liosis. à Has. Lord Auckland's group. Stems tufted, simple, nodding, or bending down, as in Jungermannia tenax, Grev.; almost white near the root, pale dusky-green above, except at the summit which is often blackened. The leaves are almost eup-shaped, bifid, the inferior segment the smaller, the cells project at the margins Which here and there especially towards the top have one or two teeth : the cells are large at the centre, and at the bases of the leaves. - In Jungermannia tenaz, Grev., which exhibits in some degree the habit of the present, the stems are branched, and the leaves multifid. (Schisma, Nees.) 19. J. Scolopendra, Hook. Musci Exot. t. 40. Has. Lord Auckland's group. (Mastigophora, Nees.) 50. J. hirsuta, Nees. Han. Campbell’s Island. 290 HEPATIC ANTARCTICA. (Trichocolea, Nees.) 51. J. mollissima, n. sp.; caule implexo adscendente bipin- nato, ramis teretibus, foliis alternis e basi lata dichotomo- multifidis, laciniis capillaribus subincurvis, stipulis bifidis dichotomo-partitis laciniis capillaribus, calyce ex inferiore caulis parte clavato-obovato bilabiato undique squamis lineari-lanceolatis ciliato-laciniatis tectis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. In flat patches, soft in appearance, as well as to the touch, the young pale pea-green, the older much paler, almost white; stems five or six or more inches long; branches crowded and nearly equal, whence the shoots have a pec- tinate appearance. Leaves patent at the base, incurved at the top. Stipules smaller, but similar to the leaves. Calyces nearly two lines long, lateral; pedicels half an inch long. Capsule oblong. 3 This may easily be overlooked for Jungermannia Tomentella, Ehrh.; but the branches are more crowded, cylindrical, not compressed, the stipules and leaves are dichotomously divided, and the scales on the calyx are longer, and lineari- lanceolate. — 2 52. J. polyacantha, n. sp. ; caule subcæspitoso erecto ramoso spiculis scabrido, foliis laxis erectiusculis stipulisque bd angusta basi quadrifidis laciniis ramosis, segmentis spic formibus articulatis, calyce terminali majore obovato tu- mido quadridentato squamifero. gr Has. Lord Auckland's group. Patches consisting of a few plants, grcwing up among other - Jungermannie, from which they borrow support, pale dusky- olive. Stems about one inch long, variously divided, yari tops thickened with a cluster of new leaves thickly set with rigid, straight, short scales like tops of needles, these as W as the segments of the leaves and stipules are artic Leaves somewhat embracing the stem; the stipules 2 what concave towards the stem. The calyces are truly E some- — HEPATICÆ ANTARCTICA. 291 terminal, very large in proportion to the size of the stems and leaves, bearing leaf-like scales; they are from a narrow base obovate. This species is readily distinguished from the Antarctic Jungermannia tetradactyla, Tayl, as well as from the Euro- pean J. setacea, and J. trichophylla, by the compound laciniz of the leaves ; besides, the stems and branches have a peculiar rugged and squamose appearance from the different direc- tions which the points of the crowded leaves and stipules assume, (Radula, Nees.) 58. J. complanata, L. Has. Campbell's Island. 54. J. aquilegia, n. sp.; caule cespitoso prostrato sub- pinnato, ramis complanatis, foliis imbricatis erectiusculis convexis integerrimis, lobo superiore obovato-rotundato margine recurvo, perichetialibus oblongis transversalibus deflexis, calyce elongato-obconico compresso truncato in- tegerrimo. J. complanata, var. Q. Hook. Br. Jung. t. 81. Jerr. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Patches wide, shallow, brownish-olive. Stems from one to four inches long, irregularly pinnate, the branches set nearly at right angles. Leaves from a narrow base flatly Cup-shaped, the lower lobe tumid at its involution with its angulate top, lying closely adpressed to the inside of the upper lobe. | Peas This species is found abundantly in Ireland, and, ac- cording to Lindenberg, in Switzerland. It may be discri- minated from J. complanata, L. by the smaller size, more Convex leaves, their olive-brown colour, their lesser lobe not sharply reflected on the upper but having a tumid base, and by the deflexed perichetial leaves; besides the perigonia Occur usually at the termination of a shoot, and not on Proper short branches; the angulate portion of the lower is shorter than in J. complanata, L. In Ireland this 299 HEPATICÆ ANTARCTIC. species prefers the wet surface of mural rocks, but J. com- planata the drier situation of bark of trees. 55. J.uvifera, n. sp. ; caule implexo procumbente subpinnatim ramoso, foliis distichis imbricatis integerrimis, lobo su- - periore majore rotundato-oblongo apice recurvo basi ventri- coso, inferiore truncato recurvo oblongo-ovato obtuso apice adpresso plano, perigoniis filiformibus lateralibus sub foliis latentibus, calyce oblongo compresso truncato integerrimo utrinque alato. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. Tufts flat, thick, brownish-olive. Stems from one to two inches long. Leaves somewhat recurved, when dry they appear to have at the base, and near to the stem, each an oval body, which in realityis the swollen base of the recurved lower lobe, whose rounded summit, however, lies flatly ad- pressed to the upper lobe. From under the leaves several annual shoots arise like the stem, but diminutive in all their dimensions; with these frequently alternate very minute filiform perigonia, having eight or ten pairs of pitcher -shaped ——— closely imbricated leaves; the entire perigonia are cove by the upper lobe of the leaves. The pericheetium is formed of two erect leaves, whose tops are wide and round, and whose inferior lobes overlapping each other form almost a tubular base. : This species is closely allied to Radula pectinata, of Nees ; but the leaves of this have their upper lobes more elonga while the lower terminates in a single broad tooth or apicuus; — the perigonia, too, are shorter in proportion to the leaf. The AR calyx is singular in the present species for having, on each - side, from four to five elevated opaque ridges or wings. (Madotheca, Nees.) 56. J. partita, n. sp.; caule subcespitoso erecto subdicho- | tomo, foliis imbricatis patentibus convexis recurvis mur gerrimis, lobo superiore oblongo-rotundato, inferiore VX commisso ovato obtuso margine exteriore basi dentato, "m ; pulis imbricatis ovalibus obtusissimis integerrimis margine. HEPATICIE ANTARCTICA. 393 planis, calyce laterali compresso late ovato, ore bilobo, lobis denticulatis, capsula basin usque quadripartita. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Tufts loose, of a pale yellowish-green. Stems from three to four inches high, branching usually in a dichotomous manner; branches rather short, patent. Leaves closely im- bricated, and even when moistened recurved, so as to give to the upper side of the stem a very convex appearance; their margins are quite entire, except of the perichetial pair, in Which they are dentate. Before protrusion of the capsule, the calyces have their mouths compressed, their upper sur- convex, while beneath there is a longitudinal prominent ridge, The capsule is divided into four valves down to the very base. From the European Jungermannia platyphylla, L., the pre- Sent is, at first sight, distinguishable by its ramification, Which is not so decidedly pinnate, by its more distant branches, by the lower lobes of the leaves being more acute as well as by its being toothed exteriorly towards the base, by the plane margins of the stipules, and by the complete division of the capsule into valves. ! (Frullania, Nees). 56. J. Magellanica, Lamark, Encyc. Bot. v. 3, p. 28. Han, Campbell Island. bis: J, clavigera, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 70. Han. Campbell Island. * J. myosota, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente bipin- nato; foliis imbricatis patentibus convexis ovato-rotundatis integerrimis, auriculis minutis obovatis divergentibus fo- Orum ad basin processui marginali involuto insidentibus. stipulis caule latioribus obovatis bifidis, calyce ex angusta cylindracea basi obovato plicato, ore laciniato integerrimo. “TAB, Campbell Island and Lord Auckland’s group. = =- Tufts Battish, shallow, reddish-brown. Stems two inches Ong; wider above, pinnated, the branches again pinnated ; -shoots that have their leaves and. auricles. closely set. VOL, ry, 2a 394 HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA, Leaves, the inferior pale olive, the upper reddish-purple, very thin, rather loosely imbricated, pointing a little forwards, their cells minute: at the inferior margin, near the stem, is a process which, folding inwards towards the leaf, forms an ob- lique pedicel to the auricle; this is sometimes accompanied by a minute oval leaf, and is inflated, obovate and open beneath. The perichetial leaves are three, erect, closely embracing the base of the calyx, the two lateral are entire, obovate, having a strap-shaped, acute, curved inner lobe with reflexed sides, the third or stipular leaf is oblong, deeply divided into two recurved linear segments, whose margins are rugged but not toothed. For nearly one third of its length, at the base, the calyx is cylindrical and smooth, then rotundato-obovate, €x- ceeding the perichetium by one third of its length, it is split above into three or four lacinie, and has longitudinal inden- tations on the upper, but a wide ridge on the inferior surface; in the young state it appears to be crowned with a short tube. By the minute, divergent auricles, occurring below the leaves, this species is easily known from its congeners. 59. J. allophylla, n. sp. ; caule laxius disperso tenui debili flexuoso subramoso, foliis subdistantibus erecto-patentibus late ovalibus obtusis acutisque integerrimis subdentatisque auriculis anguste oblongis subincurvis ab foliorum bast divergentibus, stipulis minutis bifidis segmentis lanceolatis interdum auriculiformibus. Has. Campbell Island: among other Jungermannie, Very sparingly. E: Black when dry ; moistened, under the microscope, appe ing of a fine dark-purple colour. Stems only two or lines long, having a few alternate short branches. Theleaves — present great differences of form, the lower are the longe — they are broadly elliptical or ovate, very obtuse or acuminate, entire or with one or two large teeth; their cellules are very large in proportion to the size of the plant; the a ed supported on an inflexed part of the lower margin of the leaf; they are large compared with the latter, and lie below them, divaricating outwards and downwards. As in Junge 2 HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. 395 mannia clavigera, Hook., the segments of the stipules are frequently replaced by auricles. The present is, perhaps, the minutest species of this subdivision of the genus, hitherto known. 60. J. reticulata, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato subpin- natim ramoso, ramis brevibus, foliis distichis imbricatis patentibus concavis, rotundato-oblongis apice recurvis, margine inferiori subdentatis, auriculis subbifidis, segmente exteriori clavato, interiori subulato ; stipulis quadripartitis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Patches several inches wide, flat, entangled, the older parts blackish, the new either pale, almost whitisb, or of a fine vinous red or purple. Stems about two inches long, often elongated, the branches very short. Leaves remarkably pellucid and having large reticulations or cells; entire, except that the cauline have a tooth or two on their inferior margin; on the main stem, the clavate auricle is accompanied by a subulate leaf-like process, between it and the stem. Stipules rather concave, deeply divided, their segments much acumi- nated; on the younger branches the segments of the sti- Pules are often but two; but the segments, whether two, three, or four, are sometimes changed into clavate forms. Between this, one of the most beautiful objects under the microscope, and Jungermannia clavigera, Hook., it is difficult to define the differences. The larger cells of the leaves of the present, the larger and darker tufts, the shorter branches fre- quently concealed by the leaves, the tumid summits of the stems, the denticulation limited to the inferior margin ofthe » and the margins of the segments of the stipules not re- curved, are very principal and decisive marks. 61. J. aterrima. n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente vage- ramoso folis imbricatis patentibus concavis integerrimis Totundato-oblongis, apice recurvis, auriculis late oblongis inflatis, stipulis minutis ovatis bipartitis, segmentis lanceo- latis exterius basi unidentatis, perigoniis rotundatis, foliis pericheetialibus integerrimis incurvis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. : 262 396 HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. Tufts several inches wide, black, the shoots shining, at the very summits sometimes purplish; branches for the most part solitary, by no means pinnate, of nearly equal thickness throughout. The inflated auricle has its lower end below the inferior margin of the leaf. Stipules bipartite, having so large a tooth exteriorly on each segment, that the entire may almost with propriety be said to be quadrifid. What is rare in this genus; the plants are usually monoicous, or have perigonia and perichetia on the same stems ; the former rest on short stalks, and are renato-rotundate, having in the dry state a longitudinal groove observable on the upper side, where the inner margins of the inflated closely imbricated leaves meet; the perichetia have their three leaves so secund and so voncave, as to appear as rounded bodies. This species possesses some points of affinity with Jungermannia fr agili- folia, Tayl., lately observed in Ireland and in Switzerland, a plant equally minute, but scarcely so uniformly black and shining, and which has the leaves less densely cellular, while the perichetial are dentate. da Te 62. J. congesta, n. sp. ; caule ceespitoso procumbente rani080, foliis imbricatis patentibus integerrimis ovalibus subapicu- latis auricula inflata oblonga, stipulis minutis rotundato- ovatis bifidis integerrimis, foliis pericheetialibus oblongis apiculatis incanis integerrimis. ay Has. Lord Auckland’s group. Patches several inches wide, reddish-brown. Stems nearly two inches long, irregularly yet somewhat pinnatedly branch- ed ; branches erecto-patent, curving upwards. Leaves COP- — cave, usually apiculate; the auricle reaches below the lower | margin of the leaves, and is removed from contact with "ei stem. Stipules quite entire, with acutely bifid tops 5 they are scarcely wider than the stems. The barren perichetia “aX a rounded summit, which probably is altered in the calyce" ferous plant; the leaves are all erect, acuminate, and e ey the two lateral are oblong, each with an inner lobe whos? margin is reflexed, the third or stipular leaf is divided deeply into two lanceolate, apiculate, entire segments. ae The present is nearly allied to Jungermannia alr HEPATICJE ANTARCTICA, 397 nob., which is, however, readily and exactly distinguished by its black colour, by its less acuminate perichzetial leaves, and principally by its entire stipules. (Lejeunia, Sprengel). 63. J. implexicaulis, n. sp. ; caule cespitoso erecto ramoso, foliis subimbricatis erecto-patentibusovatis obtusis concavis apice incurvis, lobulis anguste ovatis inflexis tumidis, sti- pulis rotundatis caule latioribus apice fissis. Has. Campbell’s Island. Tufts about one inch high, brownish-olive. Stems va- riously branched ; the branches erect. Leaves very concave, hence the shoots have a nodulose appearance, they are some- what decurrent, on which part the involute Jodulus is placed. Stipules nearly circular, and often appearing undivided, but pressure exhibits a narrow split. This is closely allied to Jungermannia serpyllifolia, Dicks., which does not appear to be an Antarctic species, and differs by its darker colour, more concave and more erect leaves, which too are somewhat acute, and have minuter and more densely placed cellules; besides, the segments of the stipules are by no means divergent. 64, J. albo-virens, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato ramoso, foliis laxis patentibus oblongis apice rotundatis integer- rimis, lobulis ovatis involutis tumidis, stipulis exiguis ob- longis bifidis segmentis obtusis, calyce in ramo brevi pro- prio terminali ex angusta basi elongate-obovato apice . quadriplicato tubifero. Han. Lord Auckland’s group. is. Patches superficial one or two inches in diameter, by no Means tufted, very pale olive-green. Stems from two to three lines long, irregularly and distantly branched. Leaves embracing the stem, half-pitcher-shaped below, oblong and Tounded aboye, with the tops for the most part bending back, their structure is close with minute cells. Stipules closely ^dpressed to the stems, so as to be observed with some diffi- culty, oblong, scarcely as wide as the stem. Perichetia of 398 HEPATICA ANTARCTIC. _ three pieces, the two lateral upright, concave, obtuse, each having an acute lobe on the inner side, the third or stipular leaf is from a narrow base oblong, bifid, in all respects like a magnified stipule. The calyx opens by four lacinie, which before emission of the capsule lie close together and form a short tube. Capsule, as seen when removed out of a calyx, spherical, pale-brown, the valves not divided down to the base. Seeds very large in proportion to the capsule, and consequently comparatively few, very angular; spiral filaments very few, in diameter not one third of that of the seeds. Jungermannia ulicina, Tayl., which has sometimes been taken for Jungermannia minutissima, Smith, bears strong re- semblance to the present, especially in its preferring other moist mosses on which to grow. The Irish plant, however, is distinct by its less size, the greater cells of its leaves, which are subacute, whilst their lobulus has a sharp process or tooth at the point of its involution, by the more divided stipules, whose segments are more acute and by the recurved pericheetial leaves. : 65. J. Mimosa, n. sp.; caule implexo repente ramoso, foliis imbrieatis patentibus concavis acinaciformibus integer- rimis apice recurvis, lobulis ovatis involutis, stipulis ovatis acute bifidis, calyce elongate—obovato pentagono ore con- tracto tubifero. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Patches minute, dusky olive, Stems about half an inch long, irregularly branched. Leaves somewhat recurved, so appearing scymitar-shaped ; the Jobulus is oval and erecto- patent: the structure of the leaves is very dense. Stipules scarcely wider than the stems. The lateral perichetial leaves wide, oblong, quite entire, concave, with recurved tops» the third or inferior leaf is in all respects like the stipules, except that it is more elongated and more concave. — perigonia are lateral, short, obtuse spikes, directly placed on the stem, their leaves are short, roundish, tumid and very closely imbricated. Calyces from a narrow linear base obo- HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA. 399 vate, with five ribs or angles, very obtuse, terminating in a minute erect tube. The chief points of distinction between this and Jun- germannia serpyllifolia, Dicks., are the denser structure of the leaves, their recurved tops, the larger calyx, more naked at the base, and the rounder, more concave, and less erect pericheetial leaves. 66. J. latitans, n. sp; caule disperso tenuissimo prostrato ramoso, foliis subimbricatis erecto-patentibus celluloso- crenulatis ovatis acutis, lobulis ovatis involutis, stipulis minutis bifidis segmentis lanceolatis obtusis, foliis perichee- tialibus acuminatis. Has. On Jung. uvifera, nob. Lord Auckland's group. Patches very loose and shallow, very pale-green. Stems three or four lines long, creeping, irregularly branched. Leaves scarcely imbricated, on young shoots rather distant ; they vary in length, and in being acute or acuminate; their cellules are very large, especially towards the margin, Which has a rugged appearance, but it is not regularly cre- nate; the Jobulus only half as wide as the leaves. Stipules Scarcely wider than the stems. The perichetia are terminal 9n the shoots of the preceding year, erect, obovate, all the pieces acuminate, the two lateral incurved, so that without careful observation the perichetium may pass for a bilabiate calyx, the third or stipular perichzetial leaf is concave, oval and bifid. The present resembles the Irish Jungermannia echinata, Tayl., but the leaves are not so regularly crenate ; besides, Stipules are present. (Symphyogyna, Nees). Sb, Phyllanthus, Hooker, Musci Exot. t. 95. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. 88. J. flabellata, Labillard. Fl. Nov. Holl. t. 254, f. 1. B. Lord Auckland's group. 400 HEPATICA ANTARCTIC. (Aneura, Nees). 69. J. multifida, L. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. (Metzgeria, Nees). 70. J. furcata, L. Has. Campbell Island. 71. J. argentea, n. sp.; fronde procumbente aggregato sub- - simplici lineari pellucida nervosa, cellulis majoribus rotun- datis margine prominentibus. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Patches small, lying about the roots of Musci and Hepa- tice, silvery white. Fronds nearly three lines long, flat, with an evident midrib, sometimes having one or two patent branches, usually however simple; on some of the wider fronds the cells projecting at the margin have the appearance of irregularly set, obtuse teeth, but they really are quite con- formable to the other cells. The fronds are destitute of colour. No fructification has been seen on this singular species. There is a rigidity in its habit which reminds one of certain of the Polyp tribes; but then it is possessed of roots, though rare and difficult to observe, it expands by 1m- mersion in water, and its cells seem analogous to those other frondose Jungermannie. (Marchantia, Linn.) 12. J. polymorpha, Linn, Has. Campbell Island. luce On Stumonnsra,* a new Genus of Plants from California — — by Tuos. NvTTALL, Esa. (Tas. XVI.) | Masc. Calyx 5-parted. Stamina 10 to 12, inserted sepa- * In memory of Thomas Williams Simmonds, an ardent Botanist and | Naturalist, who accompanied Lord Seaforth to Barbadoes about the eg? 3 1804, and died soon after, while engaged in exploring the ; Trinidad. ON SIMMONDSIA. 401 rately upon the raised base of the calyx. Corolla 0. Anthers oval, flat, 2-celled, opening lengthways, the filaments shorter than the anthers—Fam. Calyz rather large, 5-leaved, herba- ceous,imbricated. Corolla 0. Germ. conical. Styles simple, terminal, hirsute, 2 to 3. Capsule 2-to 3-celled, 2-to 3-valved, the valves septiferous in the centre. Ovules 2 to 3, pendulous by a short funiculus: the seed (apparently) large, by abor- tion usually solitary, only one of the cells fertile. [I have not seen the ripe seed]. Simmondsia Californica. Nutt. mst. (Tas. xvi.) Han. Covering the sides of barren hills, in argillaceous sols, near the sea, in the vicinity of St. Diego in Upper _ California. Flowering in May. Probably hardy. A low evergreen shrub, diffusely branched, the branches dichotomous, as in Viscum ; the leaves opposite, entire, nearly of the same appearance on either surface. Stipules none. Male flowers axillary, clustered, herbaceous ; those of the female flower generally solitary. There is little doubt but that this curious shrub belongs to the Order of Garryaces, Lindl., differing considerably in habit from Garrya, as well as in inflorescence; the stamens are also more numerous, and the ovary more than 1-celled ; the disposition of the ovules is the same, and the structure of the seed will prove probably very similar. Our plant is at the same time also closely related to the Putranjiva Rox- burghii of Wallich. Tas. xvi. Fig. 1. Male flower. f. 2,3. Back and front View of a stamen. f.4. Female flower. /.5. Pistil. f.6. Capsule with persistent perianth. „f. 7. Capsule bursting. J8. Transverse section of the cells. f. 9. Central column : "more or less magnified, 402 ON APONOGETON. On APONOGETON, and the allied Genera; by M. PAKENHAM EpcEÉwonrTH,* Esa. (With Two Plates. Tass. XVII, XVIII.) There appears to be considerable confusion regarding the character and limits of the genus Aponogeton, as given in works of authority; I therefore beg to offer a few re- marks on it, the result of some observations I made on two species which I had an opportunity of fully examining in India. The genus at first consisted of a few species, of which A. distachys and A. monostachys are examples, having a bifur- cate or simple spadix. To these have been added some simple-spiked species from India (Roxb. Fl. Ind. v. 2, P. 210), and some from the Cape with bifurcate inflorescence, while certain Madagascar plants of similar babit have been described under the name of Ouvirandra by Thouars (Hydro- geton, Pers.)—All these are referred by Endlicher in his Genera Plantarum to the natural order of Saururee; appa rently on the authority of E. Meyer, in a paper on the structure of Houttuynia to which I have not been able to refer. E On finding the Indian species that I examined (A. mono- stachys and undulatus) were both decidedly monocotyledonous and belonging to the natural order Naiadee, (though differing from the greater part of that Order in having erect seeds and an anatropous embryo), I drew up and published in the Journ. Asiat. Soc., early in 1842, ashort paper modifying the character of the genus Spathium, + to which these and other * The present paper was prepared by Mr. Edgeworth, and in our posses- sion, long before that on a similar subject by M. Planchon of Mon lier, which has just appeared in a recent number of the Annales des Sciences Nat. Bot. 1844, p. 107, and which cannot but tend to confirm Mr. Edgeworth in keeping Ouvirandra distinct from Aponogeton.—[ED-] + The genus Spathium, as characterized by Loureiro, has no resemblance at all to Aponogeton, and probably does belong to the Saururee. ON APONOGETON. 403 simple-spiked species had been referred by Endlicher. This paper was, owing to my departure from India, unfortunately so misprinted as to be totally unintelligible ; and I have there- fore determined to republish it here; but to make it more complete examined all the species contained in Sir W. J. Hooker’s Herbarium, to which, as well as to some drawings by his son, Dr. J. Hooker, he gave me most liberal access. And in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden I obtained flowers, fruit, and germinating seeds of the A. distachys, which showed that it likewise is endogenous and resembles A. monostachys exactly in the formation of the seed ; consequently that species may be restored to Aponogeton. . The character of Quvirandra, as drawn up by De Caisne and published in De Lessert’s Icones, would, witha few trifling alterations, accurately include the Aponogeton undu- latus of Roxburgh. : The structure of the seed is very different between the above species, A. (Ouvirandra) undulatus has a large folia- ceous cotyledon, which embraces a plumule of unusual size and development, while in A. monostachys (and distachys) the seed is a homogeneous “mass, without any discernible Plumule till the commencement of germination, when it Appears protruded from a slit at the base of the long, horn- like cotyledon. Moreover, the former (undulatus) has sub- Merged and ulvaceous leaves, caducous sepals, and acutely elliptic pollen, while the latter (monostachys) has herbaceous leaves, persistent sepals, and the pollen gibbously ovoid. If these latter distinctions extend to the other species, as Sy range themselves into two groups according to the Structure of their seed, they may be considered of generic Importance; otherwise the Madagascar Ouvirandra must be united to Aponogeton; which would then form an assem- of water plants with tuberculous roots (generally edible) and spadicose inflorescence. If Ouvirandra and Aponoge- ‘on be retained separate, as I should be inclined to do, they ach would contain plants with simple and bifurcate spikes. 404 ON APONOGETON. The amended character of the two genera would therefore stand as follows: APONOGETON. Flores hermaphroditi. Sepala 2 colorata, persistentia. Sta- mina 6-18; filamentis liberis, subulatis, patentibus, persis- tentibus ; antheris bilocularibus, lateraliter dehiscentibus ; polline gibbose-ovoideo. Ovaria 3-5, erecta, rostrata ; stigmate apicali, obliquo, minuto. Ovula 26, basi fixa, ascendentia. Folliculi 3-4, introrsum dehiscentes, 1-3 spermi. Semina erecta, ovata, exalbuminosa; testa du- plici, exteriore herbaceá, interiore membranaceà. Embryo erectus, ascendens, anatropus, cotyledone solida, plumula inconspicua. Cotyledon germinans in cornu elongatur et plumula diutius e basi lateraliter fisso evolvitur, foliolo elliptico.—Herbe aguatice, radicibus tuberculosis, scapis longis, foliis emersis v. natantibus. Species 1. A. distachys. 2. A. semicylindraceus. 3. A. dispermus. 4. A. angustifolius. 5. A. echinatus. 6. A. monostachys. ~ = 7 6. A. monostachys ; foliis lineari-oblongis emersis, floribus 1n spadice simplici spiraliter dispositis dense confertis. io Radix tuberculosa, fibrillis crassis ad apicem tuberculi singuli spherici. Folia petiolata, petiolis longis, subtrigonis, basi membranaceis interiore amplectentibus, laminis lineari- oblongis, obtusis, basi sub-cordatis v. junioribus cuneati$ — 5-nerviis cum venis transversalibus. Scapus longus oyin- ae dricus. Spadix cylindricus,* simplex. Flores dens spiraliter dispositi ; sepalis binis obovatis, basi oblique cuneatis ceeruleis ; junioribus imbricatis. Stamina 6, n mentis crassis sepalis sub-longioribus ; antheris cœruleis subquadratis, bilocularibus, lateraliter dehiscentibus; pOl- * Roxburgh describes the rachis as waved ; but I could not u appearance nor could I detect the spathe, which if it exist must fall 08 extremely early. € VI ON APONOGETON. 405 ` line gibbosé ovoideo, luteo. ^ Folliculi læves, seminibus 2-4 (2-3 abortientibus) erectis, ovatis, 8-costatis; testa exteriore herbaceá viridi, laxa, facile separabili; interiore ad embryonem arcte adpressa, brunnea, leviter striata, in ` uno latere raphe viridi; chalazà magná viridi. OUVIRANDRA. Thouars, De Caisne in De Lessert. Flores hermaphroditi. Sepala 2 (3) colorata, decidua. Sta- mina 6, persistentia; filamentis subulatis, inferné dilatatis ; antheris basi affixis bilocularibus, lateraliter dehiscentibus ; polline acuté ellipsoideo. Ovaria 3-4, lageniformia, in _ stylum brevem, stigmate obliquo, sub-apicali, facie interna . hotatum desinentia, unilocularia, 2-6 ovulata, ovulis basi 8flxis, adscendentibus, anatropis. Folliculi rostrati. abortu 13 spermi, introrsim dehiscentes. Semina exalbu- minosa, testa herbacea, membrana interiore tenui. Embryo rectus, ascendens, cotyledone crassa foliacea v. excavata plumulam maximam bifoliam amplectente.— Herbee aqua- lice, tuberculose, foliis radicalibus venosis submersis. Scapi tlongati, spicas singulas binas ternasve gerentes. Spatha caduca, SPECIES. Spice terne. l. O. Bernieriana. Spicæ binæ. 2, O. fenestralis. 3. O. Senegambica. Spicæ singulæ. r & O, crispa. 5. O. pusilla. 6. O. Macraee. 7. o. undulata. 7. X. undulata; folis breve petiolatis lineari-oblongis sub- mersis ulvaceis, floribus in spadice post anthesin elongato sejunctis, sepalis caducissimis. Radix tuberculosa, fibrillis paucis crassis ad apicem tuber- culi unici subspherici. Folia plurima, radicalia, lineari- oblonga basi cuneata undulata ; lamina petiolo longiore et in eum decurrente, nervo medio crassiore, lateralibus 2-4 parallelis, venis transversalibus ; vernatione involuta, Flores 406 ON APONOGETON. numerosi, in spadice cylindrico spiraliter dispositi, primo conferti, demum rachide elongata sparsi; scapo longis- simo ex aquá emerso. Spatha acuta, ante anthesin decidua. Sepala duo, subspathulata, basi quasi unguiculata, colorata (lacteo-alba), caducissima, staminibus duobus lateralibus op- posita. Stamina 6 ; filamentis erectis, divaricatis, carnosis, persistentibus ; anthera biloba, lateraliter dehiscente deci- duo, e flavo-ceerulescente ; polline acute elliptico, luteo. Pistilla 3, ovario superiore libero ; stigmate sub-terminali. Folliculi 3, divaricati, dispermi; seminibus erectis, um bilico brevi; testa levi; membrana interiore tenuissima. Embryo erectus; cotyledone concava, carnosa, plumulam amplectente; plumula maxima bifolia, foliis ineequalibus margine involutis. REFERENCES TO BOTH PLATES. Tass. XVII, XVIII. a, Asingle flower, seen sideways. b, Ditto from front, shewing the two bracts in situ. c, Stamen. d, A single bract. e, Flower. J. Flower after inflorescence ; capsule nearly ripe with persistent bracts and stamens, g, Another more magnified, resting on the side. h, Section of ditto, showing its two cells placed back to back. js i, Pollen, in Tab. xvii. gibbous (in Tab, xviii, j, globose, when under influence of iodine), k, Pistil, with oblique terminal stigma. 1, Ditto, section showing ovaries in situ, m, m, Capsules. ; n, Section of ditto. 0, Seed. $ p- Ditto, magnified. 4 q 4, Ditto, outer coat taken off, showing the raphe and chalaza in different views. r, Embryo, all the coats taken off, 3, Second coat taken off, striated, dark-brown, chalaza green. t, Transverse section of seed, shewing eight ribs of outer coat. - v, Longitudinal section of capsule, CHAMPIA TASMANICA 407 u, (Tab. xvii.) Longitudinal section of embryo. u, (Tab. xviii.) Transverse section of embryo. w, Germinating seed. æ, Longitudinal section of ditto. a, Germinating seed further advanced. y, Plumule extracted from a. z, The same, more highly magnified. B, y, ò, &, Progressive states of germinating seed. č, Part of a leaf, magnified, to show the nervation, seen from the upper surface, Cuampra Tasmanica; a new Australian Alga; by W.H. Harvey, Ese., M.D. M.R.I.A. (With a Plate—Tab. XIX.) CHAMPIA TASMANICA. Fronde compressa subbipinnatim ramosá, pinnis elongatis patentibus plerumque oppositis basi attenuatis, pinnulis clavatis distantibus oppositis vel alternis nunc ad axillas ponam fasciculatis ; articulis. diametro duplo brevio- ribus. Champia Tasmanica, Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. in note, t. 2, p. 190. Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. III, p. 43. Has. On the shores of Van Diemen's Land, Port Arthur, Mrs. Smith. Circular Head, Ronald Gunn, Esq. Root a mass of branching fibres. Fronds tufted, 4-6 inches high, about I a line in diameter, compressed, simple or divided near the base, furnished through the whole length with oppo- Site, or occasionally ternate or whorled, rarely alternate ches, from whose bases sometimes several clustered ramuli Spring; branches much contracted at their insertion, 2-3 Inches long, simple, either bare of ramuli or furnished with a few opposite or scattered pinnules, filiform, obtuse, by no means tapering to the apex. Fruit unknown. Joints half as long as broad. Colour a fine full pink.—W. H. Harvey. Tab. xix, Jf. 1. Champia Tasmanica, nat. size. 2. Portion of the stem, ified. 3, Longitudinal section of ditto, showing the internal dia- Phragms connected by jointed filaments, as in others of the Genus, mag- 4. One of the diaphragms, magnified. 408 CLAUDEA ELEGANS. A Few Remarks on CLAU DEA ELEGANS; by W. H. Harvey, M.D. M.R.LA. (With a Plate—Tab. XX. Of all the marine Alge there is none to which a greater interest attaches than to the Claudea elegans of Lamouroux, (Fucus Claudei, Turn. Hist. Fuc. t. 243.) Its extreme rarity, the great length of time which has elapsed since the only specimens hitherto seen in Europe were gathered by the unfortunate Peron, and the uncertainty so long attached to its exact Aabitat—(* on the coast of New Holland" being rather a vague direction) :—these circumstances, combined with its beauty and extraordinary structure, have long made it to Sir William J. Hooker and myself the Algological trea- sure that we most wished to possess. Our delight may then be imagined when in a parcel which has just reached Sir William from Ronald Gunn, Esq., we find three fine speci- mens of Claudea elegans, two of them bearing an abundance of capsular fruit (or keramidia). One of these specimens, Sir William has, with his usual kindness, presented to me, and as the capsular fruit of Claudea has never before been seen by botanists, a short description of it, with an accompanying figure, may be interesting. The three specimens now received from Mr. Gunn were gathered by him in January, 1843, on the coast near George Town, Van Diemen's Land. Besides these, I only know that two others exist in Europe, one in the Paris Herbarium, from which Turner’s plate was drawn, the other in the rich collection of Robert Brown, Esq. These latter specimens are plentifully sprinkled over with spherosporous fructification (stichidia), as figured by Turner and Lamouroux, and des- cribed by various other authors. Our specimens on the contrary are, two of them furnished with sporideous mt cation (Keramidia); the other is scarcely in fruit, but in one of its leaves there are two spherosporous receptacles, ok stichidia. is The Keramidia or capsules are large, membranous, Or - CLAUDEA ELEGANS. 409 what inflated, mammilleform, furnished with a perforated nipple, and they contain a dense globular mass of pyriform sporidia fixed to the apices of filaments which issue from a central placenta. They are placed at the apex of short, secund ramuli which spring from the lower part of the rachis of a leaf; or, morphologically speaking, the pectinate ribs of What should normally be a fenestrated leaf, destitute of con- necting bars, are shortened, widened and inflated on one side near the apex, but below the extreme point ; and produce from à point on their midrib, within the inflated portion, a cluster of sporidia; the inflated portion forming, as above described, the membranous pericarp of the keramidium. Sometimes the whole leaf is converted into a raceme of such pedicellated capsules, and sometimes of two leaves which arise from the same point of the stem, one is entirely changed into capsules, the other developed into a faleate net-work as in other parts of the plant. It appears to me that Mr. Agardh, Jun. is correct in refer- ring Claudea to the Rhodomelee, notwithstanding some minor discrepancies, which have induced M. Decaisne to place it in à separate family which he calls Anomalophyllee. The kera- midium described above bears a very strong resemblance to that of Dasya, and though the vegetation of Claudea is very Temarkable, yet its structure is not so anomalous as at first Sight it seems to be, nor do I think the mere circumstance of its ramuli being united into a net-work sufficient of itself fo constitute a distinct family. It is on a difference in fruc- tification, however, that M. Decaisne chiefly insists; and certainly he has had much fuller opportunities of studying the stichidia than I possess, and to these organs he appears to. attribute a higher place in classification than to the kera- midia; for I find that he separates Dasya from the neigh- urhood of Polysiphonia, to associate it with Callithamnion. Ms does not appear to me a natural arrangement while such @ plant as Polysiphonia byssoides exists, which presents the stem and fruit of a Polysiphonia, with the single tubed, byssoid ramuli of Dasya. VOL. Ir. 2 HH 410 CLAUDEA ELEGANS, As the frond of Claudea is proliferous, its divisions, as its growth extends, are but a repetition of the first formed frond, the whole consisting of a congeries of falcate, unilateral, seemingly skeleton leaves, every new leaf springing from the back of the midrib of the older leaf. By explaining therefore the formation of a single leaf, we shall learn that of the whole frond. If we take a full grown leaf for the purpose of examination we can learn but little from it, the processes of metamorphose having been completed, and we shall be liable to fall into erroneous conjectures on the subject. But by taking off a young leaf which is not yet unrolled from its circinate vernation, and is still but an eighth of an inch in length, the manner of growth in this remarkable plant may be very clearly seen. At this age the future leaf is found to consist of a lanceolate lamina, furnished with a strong midrib, acute, and resembling the leaf of Delesseria hypoglossum in form, rolled inwards at the apex, in a circinate manner; its midrib producing at right angles with the lamina, and on the surface towards which the apex rolls, a series of processes OF leaflets (the nervures of the future leaf) of similar form and structure to the leaf from whose midrib they spring, set at equal distances to each other, and continuing from a short way above the base of the leaf to its apex. As these leaflets increase in size, the lowest in the series emits from its midrib along the upper face, a similar series of processes, which, springing from it upwards and lengthening, meet with the back of the leaflet placed next in order above, and paral with ‘it, and become united to it, forming a series of bars; and this process goes on until all the leaflets are linked toge- ther. Finally a similar connection by processes occurs among the bars, and the net work of the leaf is then ready to unroll and expand. In the leaflet which I examined, and which I explain as above, the processes or leaflets near the apex. 9" fora long way below it, were perfectly distinct from ea“ other, merely being subulate teeth pectinately inserted, gr^ — dually increasing in length, and becoming of a lanceo* form as they were farther from the apex; those next them CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 41i had teeth in various stages of development, proceeding from their midribs on the upper surface; and only the lower ones were united by bars, and these only in their lower parts. This I have endeavoured to make more clear in the aecom- panying figure. What I have above called “leaf” or the lanceolate lamina, becomes eventually the rachis of the com- pound leaf, and finally the stem; the /eaflets become the main nerves of the net-work, or, in fertile plants, the stalks of the capsules, — W. H. H. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. 1. Portion of frond, nat. size, showing the capsules. 2, 3. Different Magnified views of capsule or keramidium. 4. Globule of seeds. 5. Cluster of seeds taken from the globule. 6. Young leaf, nat. size. 7. Same mag- "ifed. 8. Apex of magnified, unrolled. — Catalogue of the names of a Collection of Plants made by Mn. Wm. SrgPngNsox in New ZEALAND; by J. D. HOOKER, M.D. R.N. F.L.S. Some thirty years have now elapsed since the first publica- tion of a few dried specimens of plants, by Mr. Don of Forfar, was considered a great boon to the Naturalist : but now the study of Botany is so extensively pursued, oth at home and abroad, that travellers visit distant regions for the Sole purpose of collecting and transmitting to their native Country dried plants on sale at moderate prices: whilst others, called, abroad by various duties, still render an essen- tial service to Botany at home, by paying some attention to the collecting of materials for the use of scientific men in England and on the continent. Mr. Stephenson will rank amongst the latter number. Every one knows how much additional value is stamped upon such collections by having them named; and being engaged in the preparation of a Flora of New Zealand, it has not proved a very difficult task to draw up such a list of Mr. Stephenson’s first envoi as may useful to many who possess this Herbarium. The Grasses 2H 2 412 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. and Pimelee must not be considered as definitively settled in regard to their nomenclature: they, and a few species of other families, will require more time for their correct deter- mination than it is now in our power to command. The numbers correspond to those distributed with the specimens; and these latter were, we believe, all gathered in the neigh- bourhood of Wellington. 1. Asplenium dulbiferum, Forst.—This specimen in com- mon with others I have seen from New Zealand, is not pro- liferous, and hence perhaps not truly distinct from A. laxum, Br.—Vid. Brown, Prodr. p. 151. 2. Lomaria discolor, Willd. 3. Aspidium hispidum, Sw. 4. Lycopodium volubile, Forst. (barren). 5. Cenopteris flaccida, Sw. 6. Polypodium fenellum, Br. 7. ——— —— Billardieri, Br. 8. Asplenium falcatum, Sw. — 9. lucidum, Forst. 10. Lomaria procera, Spr., (Barren frond). 11. , (Fertile and barren frend). 12. Todea pellucida, Hook. 13. Adiantum affine, Willd. 14, Pteris macilenta, A. Rich. oe 15. Lomaria pimpinellefolia, Hook. fil. ; caudice longissimo filiformi scandente atro squamoso, squamis sparsis subulatis patentibus, stipitibus gracilibus remote squamulosis, frondibus lanceolatis pinnatis, pinnis remotis alternis v. sub-opposits ellipticis sessilibus basi obliquis pinnatifido-serratis mem - branaceis, laciniis obtusiusculis supremis decurrentibus con- | fluentibus, rachibus pilosis. ies For our first knowledge of this plant we are indebted to Mr. Frazer, but it has since been found abundantly in various : parts of the Northern Island, and especially in the neighbour hood of the Bay of Islands: nowhere, however, in a state 9 - fructification, whence probably it has remained undescri "S by Mr. Cunningham. It is closely allied, both in habit an® CATALOGUE OF PLANTS, 413 general appearance to the L. filiformis, Cunn., and, like it, invariably is found climbing the living trees, often to their - summits. In the membranaceous shorter pinne, rounded at the apex, and in the small size, it differs remarkably from that species. The name is given on account of the strong similarity which the fronds bear to the pinnated leaves of Pimpinella Saxifraga, or to Rosa pimpinellefolia. 16. Polypodium tenellum, Br. 17. —— pustulatum, Spr. 18. —— pustulatum, Spr. 19. Hymenophyllum demissum, Sw. 20. Aspidium Aispidum, Sw. 21. Polypodium viscidum, Colenso in Tasmanian Philoso- sd Journal. . 22. Hymenophyllum polyanthos, Sw. 23. Parsonsia heterophylla, A. Cunn. 24. Myoporum letum, Forst. 25. Brachyglottis repanda, Forst. 26. Clematis hexasepala, DC. 27. Metrosideros florida, Sm. 28. Gaultheria antipoda, Forst. 29. Leiospermum, racemosum, Don. 30. Parsonsia heterophylla, A. Cunn. 31. Brachyglottis Rani ? A. Cunn. 32. Panax arboreum, Forst. 33. Leiospermum racemosum, Don. 34. Myoporum letum, Forst. 35. Carmichaelia australis, Br. 36. Pimelea virgata, Vahl. | = 37. P. prostrata, Vahl.—These specimens agree with Others of a very common Bay of Island plant, which Mr. A. Cunningham sent home, under the name of P. arenaria, mss. ; utis very different from the ordinary forms of that species, 9.59 & 60). It is, however, liable to great variation, the nchlets being often very tortuous, and hairy or silky, and leaves more or less densely and quadrifariously imbri- fated ; the P. Urvilleana, A. Rich, is hardly distinct from this. 414 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 38. Viscum antarcticum, Forst. 39. Coriaria sarmentosa, Forst. 40. Friesia racemosa, A. Cunn. 41. Leptospermum scoparium, Forst. 42. Clematis Aezasepala, D.C. 43. Vauthiera australis, A. Rich. 44. Carex Forsteri, Wahl. 45. Lepidosperma e/atior, A. Cunn., not Labill. 46. Juncus effusus, L. 47. Luzula picta, A. Rich. 48. Isolepis spiralis, A. Rich. 49. Agrostis crinita, Br. 50. Torresia redolens, Roemer and Schultz. 51. Festuca littoralis, Lab. 52. Scirpus foliatus, Hook. fil.; parvus, cespitosus, sim- plex v. ramosus, culmis procumbentibus ad nodos sepe radi- cantibus et proliferis filiformibus striatis, foliis alternis lineari- bus obtusis basi vaginatis (vaginis brevibus laxis striatis) supra planis subtus dorso linea prominente, pedunculis im axillis superioribus folio brevioribus, spicula minuta biflora, squamis 2 exterioribus vacuis, setis hypogynis 4-6, stylo cum ovario continuo.—This little plant was first, I believe, de- tected by myself in holes of rocks near the falls of the Keri- Keri river, and afterwards gathered abundantly both by myself and by Mr. Colenso in moist places in the neighbourhood of the Bay of Islands. j Radiz fibrosa. Culmi filiformes, cæspitosi, graciles, flexuosb — 2-6 uncias longi, angulato-striati, basi præcipue radicantes et proliferi, virides; internodiis 2-4 lineas longis, usque ad apicem foliiferis. Folia anguste linearia, obtusa, internodiis longiora, patentia, sub lente minute cartilagineo-serrulata, supra plana, subtus linea media carinata, basi vaginantia j vaginis cylindraceis striatis laxiusculis purpureo-fuscis x : lin. longis, ore obliquo glabro. Pedunculi solitarii, V» bini, : brevissimi, in foliis superioribus axillares. Spicula parva, 2-3- flora, ovato-lanceolata, squamis 4-5 lanceolatis, 2 exterioribus minoribus vacuis viridibus, reliquis longioribus floriferis sepe CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 415 purpureo-fusco pictis, omnibus complicato-carinatis, dorso majus minusve serrulatis marginibusque viridibus. Stamina 3, paululum exserta. Sete hypogyne 4-6, lineares, sursum Scabree, inaequales, ovario sub duplo longiores. Ovarium ovatum, cum stylo continuum. Stigma 2-3 fidum, laciniis subulatis, pilosis. This plant has the habit of Eleocharis fluitans, and though agreeing with the characters of the genus Scirpus, as at present constituted, it does not resemble any of the species with Which I am acquainted. 53. Isolepis setaceus, L. 54. Poa imbecilla, Sol. mss. and A. C.? 55. Carex collata, Boott. 56. Solanum /aciniatum, Ait. 57. Coprosma lucida, D.C. 58. Myoporum /etum, Forst. 59. Pimelea arenaria, A. C.—var., foliis minoribus lato-el- liptico-ovatis obtusis concavis, caule subprostrato.—A smaller plant than No. 60; assuming a form intermediate between that of the ordinary state of the species and the smaller leaved one. Some of the branches have turned of a bright verdigris colour, a character it has in common with some others of the genus, 60. P. arenaria, A. C. in Bot. Mag. t. 3270.—P. villosa, Banks and Sol. Mss.—var. foliis ellipticis acutis subtus ramu- lisque densius sericeis. Except in the leaves being rather narrower and more silky, this quite agrees with the specimen figured in the Bot. Mag., and seems different from the preceding; but the species of Pimelea are very variable. 61. Euphorbia glauca, Forst. 62, Linum monogynum, Forst. 63. Coprosma retusa, Banks and Sol. mss. in Mus. Brit; ramulis subtetragonis, folis oblongis v. subro- tundis ellipticis obtusissimis carnosis subtus pallidio- tibus, pedunculis brevibus axillaribus compositis, floribus capitatis, fructibus (magnis) subrotundis (siccitate pyrifor- mibus profunde bilobis). 416 . CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. This plant was first pointed out to Dr. Sinclair and myself by Mr. Colenso, growing on rocks near the sea, and forming a low sparingly leafy tree. I was inclined to include it under the C. lucida as a variety, but the smaller, shorter, more obtuse, and singularly carnose leaves seem constant charac- ters in specimens from different localities. 64. Myrsine Urvillei, Alph. DC. 65. Coprosma lucida, DC.; C. grandifolia, Hook. fil. Pelaphia grandifolia, Banks and Sol. 66. Myrsine salicifolia, Heward, Mss. 67. Eleocarpus Hinau, A. Cunn. 68. Solanum /aciniatum, Ait. 69. Parsonsia heterophylla, A. Cunn. 70. Libertia izioides, Spr. 71. Pteris esculenta, Forst. 72. Todea pellucida, Hook. 73. Metrosideros florida, Sm. 74. Podocarpus ferruginea, Don. 75. Anagallis arvensis, L., (Introduced. ) 76. Acena Sanguisorbe, Vahl. 77. Dracophyllum latifolium, A. Cunn. 78. Earina mucronata, Lindl. 79. Agrostis emula, Br. 80. Danthonia pallida, Br. 81. Aciphylla squarrosa, Forst. 82. Hymenophyllum demissum, Sw. 83. Polypodium pustulatum, Spr. 84. Aspidium pennigerum, Sw. 85. Cyathea dealbata, Sw. 86. medullaris, Sw. 87. Ditto ditto. 88. Lycopodium Flagellaria. A. Rich. 89. Clematis indivisa, Willd. 90. Pterostylis Banksii, Br. 91. Orthoceras strictum, Br. 92. Cassinia retorta, A. C. in D.C. Prodr.—Calea cinerem. Banks and Sol. (Barren). 93. Pimelea prostrata ;—var. quadrifaria, foliis arcte quadr CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. .417 fariis imbricatis late obovatis obtusis concavis glabris, ramulis . petiolis brevibus persistentibus foliorum lapsorum creberrime tuberculatis. This is not an uncommon plant in the neighbourhood of the Bay of Islands, especially near the sea, it is also found on the mountains of the interior. 94. Convolvulus sepium, L. 95. Hedycarya dentata, Forst. 96. Friesia racemosa, A. Cunn. 97. Juncus planifolius, Br., var. panicula capitata. 98. Leptocarpus simplex, Br. 99. Carpodetus serratus, Forst. 100. Cyperus ustulatus, A. Rich. 101. Poa australis, Br. 102. Danthonia pallida, Br. 103. Carex dissita, Sol. 104. Arundo australis, A. Rich. 105. Carex collata, Boott. 106. Agrostis ovata, Br. 107. Dacrydium cupressinum,Sol.; foliis ramisque elongatis. 108. Agrostis emula, Br. 109. Dacrydium cupressinum, Sol.; folis brevioribus ra- misque abbreviatis. 110. Uncinia riparia, Br. 111. Alopecurus agrestis, L. (Introduced). 112, Juncus planifolius, Br. ; panicula laxa. 113. Poa annua, L. (Introduced.) 114. Carex lucida, Boott. 115. Carex polystachya, A. Rich. 116. Triticum squarrosum, Banks and Sol. in Mus. Brit. ; foliis involutis glaucis levibus v.marginibus tantum scaberulis, glumis lanceolatis nervosis sub 5-floris, floribus remotis, palea inferiore dorso carinata 5-nervi in aristam longissimam scabri- dam recurvam desinente, superiore apice integra bicarinata, ca- rinis scabrido-ciliatis. Culms about a foot long, nearly erect, slender, more or less glaucous. Leaves striated, nerved, narrow and somewhat re- 418 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. curved; the ligula short, semicircular and scariose. Spikes 3-4 inches long, with about 5 spikelets, which are at right angles to the rhachis. Spikelets nearly an inch long, exclusive of the awns, which are themselves 11-2 inches long, and re- curved when dry.—A very conspicuous and distinct grass, first discovered by Sir J. Banks and Dr. Solander at Totara- nui on the East coast, and more recently by Dr. Sinclair: it is allied to the T. scabrum, Br.; but is much larger, either than the specimens which we possess of that plant from Labilladiere and Sieber (Agrost. n. 95.) or than the figure given by the former voyager, which represents a larger plant than the specimens are in reality, and with longer awns. 117. Juncus planifolius, Br. 118. Isolepis acicularis, Br. 119. Holcus lanatus, L. (Introduced.) 120. Lindsæa Lessonii, A. Rich. 121. Davallia Nove Zelandie, Colenso in Tasman. Journ. of Nat. Hist. &c. 122. Niphobolus rupestris, Spr. 123. Ceenopteris flaccida, Forst. doo i stamet BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. The first Part of Dr. Hooker’s Antarctic Flora appeared on the first of the present month, (June). After a preface, - which gives a sketch of the track of the Discovery Ship it commences, as was previously announced, with the plants of Lord Auckland's and Campbell's Islands,—a small group extending from 50°% to 52} S. Lat, and 166° to 169" E. Long., lying to the Southward of New Zealand. - too, is prefaced by a short sketch of the appearance of islands, and general nature of their vegetable productions. Three species of Ranunculus are described ; of which one "^ been previously found in New Zealand :—four of Cardamne i BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 419 one, the C. hirsuta of Linnzeus, so universally diffused through- out the world: 2 St/ellarie; one European, S. media. One Drosera is noticed : one Geranium, a beautiful little Sieversia: 2 Acene; one A. Sanguisorbe common to South Australia and Tasmania ; the other A. adscendens, common to Antarctic America, the Falkland Islands and Kerguelen's Land: three species of Epilobium, of which two also grow in New Zealand: Callitriche verna: one Metrosideros, (Sect. Agalmanthus) : Montia fontana : three species of Colobanthus, of which one only is new: one Builliarda, B. moschata, D'Urv.: two remarkable Uméelliferous plants ; onea Pozoa (P. reniformis, n. sp.), and a new Genus, Anisotome, (A. latifolia, n. sp.) ; another species of the latter is Ligusticum antipodum of Hombron and Jacquinot. The plates are well executed, and consist of 1. Ranunculus pinguis, n. sp. ; 2. R. acaulis, Banks and Sol.; 3. Cardamine depressa, n. sp. ; 4. Cardamine stellata, n. sp.; 5. Geranium microphyllum, n. sp.; 6. Epilobium lin- neoides, n. sp.; 7. Sieversia albiflora, n. sp.; 8. Anisotome latifolia. The coloured copies are particularly beautiful. The first Part is further accompanied with a chart of the south circumpolar regions, showing the tracks of Cook (1773- 1775), Weddell (1822-1824), and Ross (1839-1843); and there is a very pretty woodcut on the title page, representing the Mounts Erebus (active Volcano) and Terror, and the Vietoria barrier and lands, in lat. 78? south.* SigBorp; FLoRA Japonica; Sectio prima, Plante ornatui vel usui inservientes : digessit Dr. J. G. ZuccARINI. The residence of Dr. Siebold, for a length of time, in Japan, which has been hitherto a sealed country to the Naturalist, his captivity there, and the hardships he under- Went, are familiar to most of our readers. He, at length, * While the above is in the press, the Second Part of this Work has ap- Peared, a notice of which we must defer to a future Number of our Journal, 420 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. returned to his native country with a large collection of objects of Natural History, which are in a course of publica- tion. Of the Botany, the first volume, consisting of twenty Fasciculi in large quarto, and three Fasciculi of the second volume, with numerous well executed plates, accompanied by careful analyses and descriptions from the pen of Professor Zuccarini of Munich, are now before us. To Botanists and Cultivators of our island, the work possesses peculiar interest; especially since Dr. Siebold has been the means of intro- ducing many of the plants to the European gardens, and because we know that they will frequently bear our winters : for though the islands of Japan are situated in a much more southern latitude than England, the remark of Dr. Siebold must be borne in mind ; “It should be recollected, as we have had frequent occasion to remark, that the eastern coun- tries in Asia are very far colder than those under the same degree of latitude in Europe, and this holds equally good in Japan. In lat. 32? N. the mercury falls in winter so low as 2° or 3° below zero of Reaumur’s thermometer, and the moun- tains are often covered with snow, which lies unmelted for a week ; in 38° or 40°, the rivers are so set fast as to be crossed — on foot; while on the Island of Jezo, (in lat. 43°, 45°), the natives are frequently compelled to take refuge, during winter, in caves of the earth.” We shall mention the several plants that are figured in this work, which is published without any systematic order, and commences with :— K 1. Illicium religiosum, Siebold.—This we also had the op- — — portunity of figuring in the Botanical Magazine, Tab. 8966 — — a plant introduced to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew; by ; Mr. Makoy of Liege. ; 2. Quercus cuspidata, Siebold. 3. Forsythia suspensa: a pretty shrub of the order Jas- minec, introduced to the gardens of Japan, from China. 4. Anemone cernua, Th. 5. A. Japonica, n. sp- 6. Deutzia crenata, n. sp. 7. D. scabra, Th. 8. D. gr% : cilis, n. sp. DE BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 491 9. Rhododendron Metternichii, Siebold. 10. Paulownia imperialis, Siebold. (Bignonia tomentosa, Th.) ; so named in compliment to Her Imperial and Royal Highness, the hereditary Princess of Holland. The “ Kiri” is one of the most magnificent vegetable productions of Japan. Its trunk with a diameter of 2-3 feet rises to the height of 30 or 40, and divides into branches, few in number, but thick and given out at right angles, forming a noble crown. The broad and large foliage is opposite, each leaf borne on a footsalk, heart-shaped at the base, oval and quite entire, or divided into three unequal lobes, the middle one being the longest, sharp-pointed and clothed with whitish down. 'The handsome and sweet scented flowers are pro- duced early in April, immediately after the expansion of the leaves, and being borne in immense spikes, they strongly recall those of the horse-chestnut in general aspect, while individually they resemble, in form, size, and purplish colour, the blossoms of the Fozglove. "The capsules, which ripen in autumn, contain a great quantity of small seeds, furnished with a membranous transparent wing. The Kiri grows so rapidly in its native country, that Suckers, taken off and transplanted when only 3 feet high had attained to 10-15 feet during the first year, and after three years the diameter of their stems was 4 or 5 inches. In France this tree has already shown itself to be hardy, flowering in the open air; but it must be confessed that the plant we possess in the Royal Botanic Gardens, presented by His R. H. the Prince Albert, although it is of free growth in à cool greenhouse, bears such herbaceous branches that we are fearful of exposing to our winter's frosts such tender- looking shoots. 11. Prunus (Armeniaca) Mume, Siebold, (Amygdalus nana, Th.)—The “Mume” is dispersed throughout Japan, but thrives best in the northern parts, where it grows 15 or 20 feet high, and bears much resemblance to an apricot-tree. Ina wild state, and when planted for hedges, its aspect is Only that of a thick and much branched shrub, about 12 feet 422 BOTANICAL INFORMATION, high. It is frequently cultivated in fields and gardens, both for the beauty of the flower, and useful quality of its fruit. In favourable seasons the “ Mume” is covered with blos- soms early in February, and these are gathered and wreathed round the altars of the Idols, while the natives adorn all their dwellings with its blooming branches, as emblems of returning spring. In a wild state, the flowers are white, but they vary on eultivated trees with every shade of pink and red, and even sometimes partake of yellow and green. "The most es- teemed varieties of the tree are such as have double flowers, and they are grown, in a dwarf state, in gardens, round the houses, and even close to the temples. The richest collection of these varieties, amounting to several hundreds, belongs to Prince Tsikusen, and his kindness has allowed us to take drawings of the finest and scarcest sorts. It is incredible what a passion the Japanese have for dwarf trees, which renders the cultivation of the “ Mume,” one of the most - lucrative branches of horticulture in the empire. Grafting is the usual process, and this is sometimes accomplished in a manner which makes the branches droop towards the ground, like a weeping-willow. One of these curious specimens Was brought to us for sale by a merchant of growing plants, It was in flower, yet not quite 3 incheshigh. This chef d'ewvre of gardening skill was grown in a small painted box, made with three stories, similar to those for drugs, which the natives wear in their girdles. In the top row was the said * Mume ;" in the middle an equally diminutive fir; and at the bottom a bamboo, scarcely an inch and a half high. The * Mume" always figures in the legends of Japanese saints, poets, and illustrious men, and is even regarded as a sacred tree, pilgrimages being made to the ancient trunks, beneath whose shade the apotheosed Princes and Poets bad reposed, and chaunted their inspired lays. The small grafts obtained from such sacred trunks are held of equal value 3$ the parent trees. is In June the fruit is ripe, but when perfectly mature, the : taste becomes so insipid that it is more usual to pickle a BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 493 green as cucumbers are done with us. In this state, they are eaten as a sauce to rice and fish ; but though highly esteemed by the natives, it is seldom an European can relish their sour and bitter flavour. It is usual to tinge them of a reddish hue by mixing the blossoms of Ocimum crispum with them, when they are preserved. The juice of the green fruit affords a refreshing drink in fevers, and is indispensable for giving the beautiful pink hue to the Bastard Saffron, pre- pared in Japan. À note on the Genus of this plant will no doubt be found very correct ; * Genere Prunus, Cerasus, Armeniaca, Persica, certis terminis circumscribere non licet, nam omnes note quas pro separandis generibus a putaminis figura deducere auc- tores conati sunt, in speciebus habitu diversissimis mixte occurrunt et sine limite confluunt." 12, 13. Lilium speciosum, Th.— This plant, and several of its varieties, is now well known in our gardens. 14. Lilium cordifolium, Th.; nearly allied to L. giganteum, Wall., from Nepal, and with it forming a small section called Cardiocrinum by Endlicher. 15. Citrus Japonica, Th. 16. Benthamia Japonica, n. sp. 17. Kadsura Japonica, Dun. 18. Stachyurus precor, Siebold; a new genus of Pitto- sporee. 19. Corylopsis spicata. 20. C. pauciflora, Siebold. — A new genus of Hamamelidee, nearly allied to Hamamelis and Parrotia. 21. Boymia rutecarpa, Adr. de Juss. 22. Prunus tomentosa, Th. 23. Styrax Japonicum, n. sp. 24. Symplocos /ucida, Siebold (Myrtus levis, TA.) 25. Aralia edulis, Siebold (Aralia cordata, Th.) 26. Schizophragma hydrangeoides, Sieb.; a new genus of Hydrangee, allied to Broussaisia, to which natural family also belongs . 27. Platycrater arguta, Siebold. 424 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 28. Rosa rugosa, Th. 29, 30. Diervilla Aorfensis, n. sp. 31. D. grandiflora, Siebold (D. Coreensis, Th.) 32. D. floribunda, n. sp. 33. D. versicolor, Siebold (D. Japonica, DC.) 34. Abelia serrata, n. sp. 35. Ligularia Kempferi, n. sp. i 36. Ligularia gigantea, Siebold (Tussilago Japonica, L. a fine autumnal flowering plant, now in our Botanic Gardens, where I believe it has not blossomed. ; 37. Viburnum plicatum, Th. 38. V. tomentosum, Th. 39, 40. Trochodendron aralioides, Siebold ; a new plant of Winteranee, Br., with the habit of some simple-leaved Aralia or Hedera. er 41. Lilium callosum, n. sp. The bulbous roots both of this Lily and of Lilium tigrinum,” equally wild in Japan, are gathered in autumn and eaten either boiled or baked, being highly nourishing, farinaceous, and agreeably tasted. is It were well that greater attention were paid to the nutri- — cious quality of Lily roots in general. Many ofthe species — multiply prodigiously by their bulbs, even in the most sandy — and barren soils, and might afford a valuable erticle of sub- sistence, like the Salauga (Lilium Kamschaticum) which 1s indispensable to the natives of that country, and some other species on which the aborigines of the Kurile Islands mainly - depend for food. 42. Aronia Asiatica, n. sp. * me e 43. Wisteria Japonica. n. sp. 44. W. Sinensis, D.C. d With the latter shrub we are familiar in this country- pt Siebold observes of it : * When once the * Fudsi,” the native — name, “has come into flower, all classes of society collect under the bowers that are made from it. This is in Apriland May; there the people amuse themselves in dancing, A ing, and instrumental music, and while they compose scraps E of extemporaneous poetry in honour of their favourite flowers, they quaff large libations of Sahi, the beverage of. the Ke country, made from rice, and hang their strips of write? verses upon the largest bunches of blossoms. Japanes BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 425 literature abounds with pleasing and witty allusions to the lovely Fudsi, type of spring, and paintings are common representing the shrub in flower; on festive occasions, these pictures are suspended above the seat of honour. Kempfer, that faithful chronicler of the prevailing customs in those countries which he visited, has mentioned many usages ap- pertaining to the Fudsi, among which we only quote one, still practised by youthful lovers. On our journey to Jeddo, we observed, in the court of a temple, that to several bunches of the unexpanded flowers of the Fudsi little billets on diffe- rently coloured papers, were attached; and we heard that they were so placed by the young persons who took the more or less vigorous expansion of the branches as a presage of their future unions, as accompanied with greater or less de- grees of felicity. It cannot be doubted that the Wisteria Sinensis was in- troduced to Japan from China, where it is so much cultivated. 45. Wisteria brachybotrys, n. sp, 46. Styrax obassia, n. sp. | 47. Pterostyrax corymbosum, Siebold; a new plant of Styracee. 48. Lychnis grandiflora, Jacq. 49. L. Senno (L. Chalce- donica, 77.) 50. Cornus officinalis, n. sp. 51. Hydrangea Azisai, Siebold ; very closely allied to H. hortensis, L, 52. H. Otaksd,n.sp. 53. H. Japonica, n. sp. 54. H. petiolaris n. sp. 55. H. Belzonii, n. sp. 56, 57. H. acu- minata, n. sp. 58. H. Thunbergii, Siebold. 59. 1, H. stel- lata, Siebold. 59. 2, H. cordifolia, n. sp. 60. H. virens, Siebold. 61. H. paniculata, Siebold. 62. H. hirta, n. sp. 63, 64. H. involucrata, Siebold. 65, 66. Cardiandra alternifolia, Siebold; new genus of Hydrangeg., 67. Euscaphis s/apAyleoides, Siebold; new genus of Sta- Phyleacee, founded upon the Sambucus Japonica, 'Th. 68. Skimmia Japonica, Th. VOL. 111, 21 426 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 69. Spiræa Thunbergii, Siebold S. crenata, Th.) 70. S. prunifolia, n. sp. 71. Tamarix Chinensis, Lour. 72. Eupetelia polyandra, Siebold ; new genus of Ulmacee. 73, 74. Hovenia dulcis, Th. 75. Daphne Genkwa, n. sp. 76. Stauntonia Aezaphylla, Decaisne. 77. Akebia quinata, Decaisne. 78. A. lobata, Decaisne. 79. Róttlera Japonica, spr. 80. Ternstræmia Japonica, Siebold (Clayera, Th.) 81. Clayera Japonica, Siebold (C. ochnacea, a, D.C.) 82. Camellia Japonica, L. 83. C. Sasanqua, Th.—* The * Sasank’wa’ is set in the plantations of tea, at a distance of ten or twelve feet between each shrub, with the object of sheltering the tender tea leaves from the east wind in spring and the burning sun's rays during summer. It is seldom that the leaves themselves are collected for tea, but the country people assert that the delightful scent of its flowers communicates a similar odour and taste to the tea, of which the finer sorts are gathered at the period when the Sasank’wa is in bloom. So universal is the idea that the tender leaves of tea are affected by the smell of neighbouring objects, that the persons employed in raising it carefully avoid the vicinity of manure heaps, and even wear gloves when gathering the imperial tea reserved for the use of the princes and nobles the realm. An oil is extracted from Sasank'wa nuts, similar to what is produced by the Camellia. - The glossy and tufted foliage, with the beauty of its n white flowers, the more prized because they blow in winter» cause this shrub to be extensively planted round the : ings of the rich and wealthy inhabitants of Japan; upwards : of twenty varieties are in cultivation. : 84. Porophyllum Japonicum, D.C. 85. Raphiolepis Japonica, n. sp. 86. Helwingia rusciflora, Willd. 87. Tetranthera Japonica, Th, 88. Hisingera racemosa, n. sp. BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 427 89. Quercus glabra, Th. 90. Prunus Japonica, Th. 91. Campanumeza lanceolata, Siebold. 92. Hydrangea bracteata, Siebold. 93. Hibiscus Hamab6, n. sp. 94. Distylium racemosum, Siebold ; a new genus of Hamam- elidee. 95. Staphylea Bumalda, DC. 96. Stuartia monadelpha, n. sp. 97. Eriobotrya Japonica, Lindl. 98. Kerria Japonica, DC. 99. Rhodotypos kerrioides, Siebold; a new genus of Rosacee. 100. Is devoted to some supplementary subjects already described in the pages of the 1st Volume, of which this is the concluding plate. 101, 102. Sciadopytis verticellata, Siebold (Taxus, Th.) a New genus, which together with Cunninghamia and Damarra, is referred to a new group of Conifere called “ Cunningha- miacee,” having the seeds “libere pendula nee squame fruc- tiferee immersa.” | 103, 104. Cunninghamia Sinensis, Br. 105. Abies /eptolepis, Siebold. 106. A. Tsuga, n. sp. 107. A. firma, n. sp. 108. A. homolepis, n. sp. 109. A.” bifida, n. sp. 110. A. Jezoensis, n. sp. lil. A. polita, Sie- bold (Pinus Abies. Th.) 112. Pinus densiflora, n. sp. 113,114. P. Massoniana, Siebold (P. Sylvestris, T4.) 115. P. parviflora, Siebold (P. Cembra, Th.) 116. P. Koraiensis, Siebold (P. Strobus, Th.) —This, the 3rd Fasciculus of Volume 2, contains likewise a Plate (Tab. 137) with figures of the phyllule and pulvini of Several species of Abies. New British Moss. A new Moss, Bryum mnioides, Wils. mst., was found in arch, 1844, and in previous years by John Nowell, an in- nt operative of Todworden, the discoverer in Britain of 212 498 ALGE OF TASMANIA. Cinclidium stygium. It appears to be the same Moss as n. 253 of Drummond’s Musci Americani, which Bruch and Schimper propose to call Mnium pseudo-punctatum (See Lond. Journ. of Bot. Dec. 1843); but our Moss is essen- tially a Bryum in its mode of producing innovations imme- diately below the perichetium. It is easily known from Mnium punctatum by its celluloso-margined leaves, and small roundish capsule; it differs also in its inflorescence. Speci- mens have been sent to Mr. Sowerby for figuring in Engl. Botany Suppl.—W. Wilson. New British Phenogamous Plant. It gives us pleasure to be able to announce, that a small party of Botanists, consisting of Mr. Jas. Backhouse and Son, — Mr. John Tatham, Jun., Mr. George Gibson, and Mr. Sy- — vanus Thompson, have detected in Teesdale the Spergula — — stricta, Sw. (Arenaria uliginosa, Schleich. and DeCand. 5 . Alsinantha stricta, Fenzl. and Reichenbach). We shall notice this more particularly in a future number. | enu PEDE ee ALax of Tasmania, by W. H. Harvey, M.D. M.R.LA. &c. It is my intention to publish in the Journal of Botany, under the above title, descriptions of all Marine zd which may be communicated from Tasmania, either to Sit — W. J. Hooker or to myself. At present, besides the pe about to be noticed, I have under examination another ; package communicated by Mr. Gunn to Sir W. J. Hooker in 1840, the description of which, long since commenced, ha been unavoidably delayed, but which will shortly appear ; = one from Dr. Jennirett, which will form the subject oam ceeding paper. These several parcels are so interesting, 20° contain so great a number of new species, as to hold out t™ promise that when the shores of Van Diemen’s Land arè more fully explored, they will yield a Marine Flora richer in ALGZ OF TASMANIA. 429 Species, and more luxuriant and delicate in form than those of any other country in the world. The FroripE (or red- coloured sea-weeds) of these shores are particularly beautiful and curious, especially those of the tribe RAodomelee, which there, seems to put on its highest development. We are less acquainted with the FucorpE (olive-coloured sea- weeds) ; and I would beg especially to request the attention of our colonial friends to these; and in doing so, would pray them to gather specimens of the whole frond, includin g the main stem from its base upwards. In general, the speci- mens of Fucoidee sent to Europe are so broken, that it is difficult to describe them, if new; or, to refer them to the several described species. "This is especially the case with Sargassa and Cystoseire. The species of these genera are known to be very variable in their characters, often produc- ing leaves of different form on different parts of the same frond, a circumstance that renders it particularly difficult, and often mischievous, to make descriptions from any but the most perfect specimens, or a series of such. Should I be so fortunate as to awaken an interest in this neglected department of Botany among Van Diemen's Land Botanists, and should they place in my hands sufficient materials for an * ALGoLOGIA TASMANICA,” it is my wish to undertake such a work in a separate form. It would be "Written in the English language, with detailed descriptions, and figures to illustrate the genera; and I should especially bear it in mind to make descriptions intelligible to the amateur botanist, whose knowledge of Botany is picked up 9n a visit to the sea-shore in the summer time. W. H.H. Trinity College, Dublin, June 24, 1844. 430 ALG OF TASMANIA. No. 1.—Description of Aucam gathered at George Town, Van Diemen’s Land, and communicated to Sin W. J. - Hooker, by RoxAL D Gunn, Esa. SERIES I—RHODOSPERME, or FLORIDEJE. TRIBE 1. RHoDpOoMELEsx, J. 4g. 1. Claudea elegans, Lam.—George Town, R. Gunn, Esq. n. 1261.—The three specimens of this plant, which the parcel contains, have already been noticed in this Journal, p. 408, Tab. xx. 2. Dictyomenia £ridens, Grev. ; fronde lineari, membranacea, reticulata, bi-tripinnata, costata, costa ante apicem evanes- cente, pinnis pinnulisque crebris, apicem versus sensim minoribus, erecto-patentibus, margine dentibus tri-multi- fidis ornatis ; axillis dentorum rotundatis ; keramidis globosis, sessilibus; stichidiis . . . .?— Fucus tridens, Turn. t. 955. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn Esq., n. 1280.—Fronds 6-8 inches long or more, from a line to nearly a quarter of an inch in breadth, flat and membranaceous, linear, tapering to the base and apex, furnished in the lower part with a strong midrib, which gradually becomes thinner and fainter as 1t approaches the upper part, and nearly or quite disappears below the apex, simple or divided into 3-4 principal stems; stems or main branches bi-tripinnate, with an ovate circum- scription ; pinne closely set, erecto-patent, with rounded axils ; pinnules similar; and the margin in every part of the frond save the denuded bases of old stems, furnished with minute, tooth-like, forked, trifid, or 4-6-fid ramuli, about à line in length, occasionally elongating into pinnules. Colour dark reddish brown or chesnut. Capsules or Keramidia nearly globose, wide-mouthed, sessile on the tooth-like, mar- ginal processes. 3. Pollexfenia pedicellata, Harv. ALGÆ OF TASMANIA, 431 PoLLExrFENIA, Nov. Gen. Frons plana, membranacea, purpureo-rosea, expansa, enervia, lacero-fissa, reticulata, e cellulis polygonis formata. Kera- midia ovata, apiculata, poro pertusa, pericarpio crasso car- noso, e frondis pagina orientia, sessilia v. pedicellata, gra- nulis pyriformibus basifixis feta. Stichidia...... nf Algee Capenses et Australasice, habitu Nitophylli, structurá Dictyomenie affines. This genus, founded on a plant from the Cape of Good Hope, is inscribed to the Rev. John H. Pollezfen of Bradford an accomplished British Botanist and Algologist, who has ex- plored the marine flora of the Orkneys with much success. Pollexfenia pedicellata, Harv.; fronde latissima dichotome laciniata; segmentis divaricatis, longitudinaliter pellucido- -Striatis; sinubus rotundatis; apicibus obtusis; kerami- diis ovatis, pedicellatis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq.. 1272 and 1274.— Frond 4-5 inches long, and about equally broad, delicately membranaceous, with an orbicular outline, more or less deeply divided in a dichotomous manner; the segments spreading and the spaces between them remarkably wide and rounded ; the apices obtuse and broad, and the margin flat and without teeth. The substance is very thin, highly reticulated as in Nitophyllum, and destitute of rib or veins, but the frond is traversed through its entire extent with a wide band of pellucid longitudinal filaments, which run through its centre, and give the appearance, under a pocket lens, of pellucid ‘Strie. These filaments originate at the base of the frond, and radiate towards all the segments, passing through the middle portion of each, and evidently supply the place of midrib, though they do not assume its appearance. They are most obvious towards the apices, which is not generally the case with ribs or veins. Colour probably a purplish rose red, rather inclining to brownish red in drying. Kera- _ Midia abundantly scattered over both surfaces of the frond, Ovate, acuminate, borne on stalks as long as themselves. Stichidia unknown. It adheres to paper. 432 ALG4E OF TASMANIA. The Cape of Good Hope species which I have sent to several of my friends either as * Rytiphlea? n. sp.," or “Nov. Gen.” may be thus characterised :— Pollexfenia Jaciniata, Harv.; fronde flabelliformi basi cu- neatá, in segmentis lineari-cuneatis, laciniatis, palmato- multifidis, vel subdichotomis, erecto-patentibus, profunde fissa; margine lacero-dentato ; sinubus obtusis; apicibus laceratis ; keramidiis sessilibus. At Muysenberg, False Bay, C. B. S., growing with Tham- nophora corallorhiza near low water mark, W. H. Harvey. Fronds tufted, 6-7 inches high, narrow at the base, becoming gradually wider till they are half an inch broad; then spread- ing with a fanshaped or broadly ovate outline, and divided in a partly dichotomous, partly pinnate manner, the segments generally half an inch wide, nearly linear, erecto-patent, and again dividing in the same irregular manner. The axils every where rounded, but not very broad. The apices generally jagged; and the margin either toothed, lacero-dentate or almost ciliate at times. Keramidia sessile, generally neat the margin, few on each frond, depresso-ovate or mamilleform, thick and fleshy. Stichidia unknown. Colour fine purple- ted, with iridescent tints when fresh, becoming darker and duller on drying. It adheres to paper. ; 4. Dasya naccarioides, Harv.; caule crasso, longissimo, 1 diviso, ramisque nudo, cartilagineo ; ramis alternis, p10- natis vel sub-bipinnatis ; pinnis claveformibus, filis verti- cillatis, dichotomis, articulatis, minimis, densissime vestis filorum axillis patentibus, articulis inferioribus subduplo, superioribus quadruplo diametro longioribus; stich oblongis, obtusis, spherosporas biseriales includentibus. — George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1287.—Stem 12 inches long or more, 1-2 lines thick, cartilaginous, shrinking in drying, quite naked, undivided, but furnished from base tò — ; apex at distances varying from 4 inch to an inch, with spreading, alternate, undivided branches similar to the Sem» — but only one fourth of its diameter. These produce a -— series of undivided branchlets or pinnze, which are also about > 3 the diameter of the branches ; and in luxuriant ! ALGJE OF TASMANIA. 433 another series is probably borne. All the divisions are alter- nate, and generally a considerable space intervenes between both branches and branchlets. The branches like the stem are naked ; the branchlets alone, which diminish in size from the base to the apex of the branches, are furnished with the filamentous articulate ramelli characteristic of the genus. These ramelli are very minute, scarcely 1 of a line long, hori- zontally patent, whorled, rising from broad bases or slightly foliaceous expansions, many times dichotomous, with patent axils; their lower part thick, with short joints, the upper gradually attenuated, with long joints. Stichidia borne on the ramelli, sessile, oblong, subobtuse or slightly mucronate, containing a double row of 3-parted tetraspores. Colour of the frond pale red, of the ramuli rosy.—The habit of this plant is something like that of Naccaria Wigghii, es- pecially in the clubshaped branchlets; but it is a true species of Dasya. 5. Dasya villosa, Harv.; caule crasso, longissimo, pinnatim decomposito-ramosissimo, vestito, cartilagineo ; ramis ra- mulisque alternis, crebis, erecto-patentibus, totis filis quadri fariis, articulatis, elongatis, floccosis, tenuissimis vestitis ; filis dichotomis, axillis acutis, articulis diametro quadruplo longioribus; stichidiis pedicellatis oblongis, acutis v. mu- cronatis ; keramidiis ovatis, acuminatis, pedicellatis, e ramis enatis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1262 and 1263. —BStem 12-14 inches long, excessively branched and bushy, the lower branches often as long as the stem, many times divided in an alternate, but not distichous manner. Branches crowded; they, and all parts of the frond except the older portions of the stem densely clothed with exceedingly slender quadrifariously inserted, scattered, articulated filaments or rTamelli, These are neither whorled nor pencilled at their . insertion, but, though crowded, are scattered irregularly over the surface, erecto-patent, 2-3 lines long, repeatedly, but rather distantly dichotomous, with joints about 4 times as long as broad. Colour a dark vinous red, becoming brown- 434. ALG OF TASMANIA. ish, and staining the paper in drying. Keramidia springing directly from the stem, on thickish inarticulate stalks, ovate- acuminate, large. Stichidia borne on the ramelli, pedicellate, oblong, acute or lanceolate, but not remarkably attenuate.— This species has greatly the habit of D. elegans, Ag., but is a much coarser growing plant, and wants the beautiful rosy colour of that species. 6. Dasya bolbochete, Harv. ; caule crassiusculo, ramosissimo 3 ramis alternis, patentibus, simplicibus, ramulisque filis articulatis elongatis floccosis tenuissimis vestitis; filis e bulbo lanceolato basi attenuato penicillatis, simplicibus, setiformibus, fragilibus, articulis diametro 5-6-plo longiori- George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1264.—Stem 6-8 inches long, thicker than hog's bristle, much branched from the base; branches alternate or irregular, spreading; once or twice divided; the penultimate branches long and simple, clothed, but not very densely, with articulated ra- melli. Ramelli 2-3 lines long, simple, setaceous, and very fragile if moistened after having been dried, springing from bulbous bodies borne quadrifariously on the stem, of à lanceolate figure and not unlike in form to the stichidia of pé — genus.—The ramelli spring from all parts of these bulbs, from top to bottom, and thus form little pencils. The stem, though externally striate, as in Dasya proper, is internally many tubed as in Polysiphonia, and divided into joints about equal in length and breadth. Colour full red. Fruit un- — known. ront M 7. Dasya verticillata, Harv.; caule crasso longissimo ; ramis - alternis, pinnatis, gracilibus, basi attenuatis ; pinnis TA mellis articulatis elongatis simplicibus striatis verticillatis 5 verticillis approximatis; articulis diametro 5-8-plo longt- oribus; stichidiis..... .? i. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1306.—A single | imperfect specimen of this very distinct species has only ien » sent by Mr. Gunn. This is a fragment of an undivi z stem 5 inches long, cylindrical, and about À a line in diam?” ALG& OF TASMANIA. 435 ter, bearing seven more or less perfect, alternate patent branches, each about 4 inches long. These branches are much more slender than the main stem, and taper remark- ably at their insertion; they are naked in their lower part, but above are distantly pinnate; the pinne are alternate, either simple or pinnulated, and regularly and closely whorled with very slender straight simple jointed ramuli, 8-10 times longer than the distances between the whorls, and having cylindrical joints 5-8 times longer than their diameter. Colour rosy red. Substance not very tender, the stem only imperfectly adhering to paper. Externally the stem and branches appear inarticulate, but internally they are many tubed. 8. Dasya ceramioides, Harv.; caule crasso, inarticulato, gla- berrimo, vagé decomposito-ramoso; ramis pseudo-articu- latis, ad articulos sursum incrassatos diametro 4-5-plo longiores pinnatis bipinnatisve; pinnulis ultimis (v. ramel- lis) articulatis, alternis, crassis, simplicibus furcatis v. al- terne multifidis, acutis, basi constrictis: articulis diametro 2-3-plo longioribus; stichidiis minimis, lanceolatis, ad apices ramellorum insidentibus. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1303 in part.— Fronds 4 inches, or probably much more in length, 3 of a line in diameter at the base, gradually smaller upwards, irregularly divided many times in a pinnate manner, the divisions patent with rounded axils. Branches rather flexu- ous, opake, and not distinctly jointed, but divided at inter- vals of 4-5 diameters into portions resembling joints nar- ~ Towed at their base and swelling upwards, almost pyriform ; from the swollen part of which spring lesser branches or Pinnules, also inarticulate, but furnished with jointed single tubed ramuli, which are not of much less diameter than the Pinnules, These ultimate ramuli are contracted at the basal "oint, and gradually taper to an acute apex ; they are simple àt the lower part of the pinnule, erecto-patent and rather distant; those in the upper part of the pinnule are alter- nately divided or pinnulated:—thé joints in all about 2-3 436 ALGZ OF TASMANIA, times longer than broad. The Stichidia are exceedingly mi- nute, especially so in reference to the large size of the plant, and are borne on long pedicels or accessory ramuli which spring from the more divided of the jointed ramuli, Each stichidium is of less diameter than the ramulus from which its pedicel springs, and might easily fit into one of its joints. —Of this plant I have seen but a single imperfect specimen, but its characters are so distinct that there can be no doubt of its claim to specific distinction. It is not closely related to any Australian species yet noticed, but is allied in many characters to the European D. coccinea, from which the smooth stem, the long joints, and the fruit will readily dis- tinguish it. The colour is a pinky red, given out in fresh water. - 9, Polysiphonia byssoclados, Marv.; caule ultra-setaceo, elongato sub-dichotomo, articulato, basi nudo; ramis de- composito-ramosissimis, sensim attenuatis; ultimis elon- gatis, simplicibus; totis ramellis monosiphoniis dichotomis articulatis roseis densissime vestitis ; articulis caulinis diametro triplo longioribus, rameis diametro equalibus v. brevioribus ; keramidiis ovatis, sessilibus, Cladostephus australis, Ag! Syst. p. 169.—Griffithsia australis, Ag! spec. 2. p. 135.—Bindera cladostephus, Dne! (fide spec € — Cl. Decaisne.) George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1267.—Stem 6-10 inches long, thicker than hog's bristle in the lower part, and about setaceous in the principal divisions, dis- tinctly articulated in every part, seven tubed; the mam branches naked at base, somewhat dichotomous or UT - gularly multifid, with a fan-shaped outline, their upper pat and all the lesser divisions densely clothed with quadri- farious, horizontally patent, single tubed, dichotomous ramelli | or filaments, which are about a line in length, and are © - pecially crowded at the tips of the branches, and there form |. a dark spot or tuft. Keramidia ovate, sessile on the branches at the base of the multifid ramelli, Colour red, drying 9. brown.—This species has to the naked eye so much ee ALGJE OF TASMANIA, 437 character of a Dasya, that at first sight, I had referred it to that genus. A closer inspection, however, showed that it could not be generically separated from Polysiphonia bys- soides, with which species the structure of its stem and of its Tamelli precisely agrees. Both species, indeed, form a close link with Dasya. 10. Polysiphonia Gunniana, Harv.; caule longissimo, crasso, sub-inarticulato, striato, alterné ramosissimo ; ramis pri- mariis elongatis, distantibus, cauli similibus, articulatis ; secundariis ramulis dichotomé multifidis roseis pinnatis; . ramulis flabellatis, multoties dichotomis, sensim attenuatis, et in filis monosiphoniis byssoideis, roseis desinentibus ; articulis omnibus diametro sesqui-vel duplo longioribus; keramidiis (magnis) globosis, sessilibus; stichidiis lanceo- latis, acuminatis, ad apices ramulorum. George Town, V. D. L., Ronald Gunn, Esg., n. 1965, 1266. —Stem 8-10 inches long or more, more than half a line in diameter at base, gradually attenuated upwards, repeatedly and at length excessively branched, inarticulate below, more or less evidently so above. Branches resembling the ‘Stem, long, as thick as or thicker than hog’s bristle, some- what flexuous, twice or thrice alternately divided; the pen- ultimate branches flabellate (the fans half an inch or more in breadth) regularly circumscribed, many times dichotomous, gradually attenuated ; many-tubed below, but less and less Compound upwards, and ending in single-tubed, coloured, dichotomous filaments, which are exactly similar to those of Dasya. Colour a brilliant rosy red or crimson, as in P. elongata rosea. Substance tender, but not very gelatinous, adhering to paper. Capsules very large, seated on the dicho- 'tomous ramuli, sessile or nearly so, at first ovate, afterwards globose or nearly ‘spherical; the pericarp thin and mem- branous. Stichidia resembling ‘closely those of Dasya, but, in the specimen examined, without spores, situated at the Apex of the polysiphonious portion of the ramulus, and termi- nating it;—they seem therefore as if ‘nestling among the Pencilled one tubed filaments which are produced far beyond 438 ALGÆ OF TASMANIA. these true apices.— This is a very noble and most distinctly characterised species, which probably will mark an Australian section of the genus, distinguished by having dichotomous ultimate ramuli terminating in single-tubed filaments. 1 have great pleasure in inscribing it to its discoverer, Mr. Gunn, to whom the botany of V. D. Land stands so largely indebted. 11. Polysiphonia Lawrenciana, Harv.; caule longissimo ; crasso, inarticulato, striato, alterné ramosissimo; ramis primariis, secundariis, tertiariisque inarticulatis ; tertiariis ramulis dichotome multifidis roseis pinnatis ; ramulis con- gestis, globoso-penicillatis, parum attenuatis multifidis, in filis monosiphoniis dichotomis roseis desinentibus ; articu- lis ramulorum diametro equalibus, filarum sesquilongiori- bus; stichidiis lanceolatis mucronatis, ad apices ramu- lorum. George Town, V. D. L., A. Gunn, Esq., n. 1268.—Stem 8-10 inches long or more, thicker than bristle below, about as thick above, excessively branched in an alternate manner, in all parts opake, veiny, and therefore seemingly striated, without any external indications of joints. Branches of the first, second, and third orders alternate, erecto-patent, rather distant, all inarticulate; those of the third order pinnated with dichotomously multifid glomerate or pencilled ramuli, each pencil 1-2 lines in breadth, closely circumscribed and somewhat globular, consisting of a robust main trunk set with four or five distichous once-forked many-tubed ramuli —— which terminate in a pencil of dichotomously multifid on — — tubed attenuated coloured filaments. Substance seemingly — rigid, and only imperfectly adhering to paper. Colour à fine crimson. Stichidia lanceolate, terminating the forked ramu x containing tetraspores.—' The strong affinity which exo 5 between this plant and P. Gunniana induces me to dedicate — it to the memory of the late R. W. Lawrence, Esq., the intimate — friend and accomplished fellow-labourer in botany of Mr. Gunn. It differs from P. Gunniana in the more rigid sub- stance, inarticulate lesser branches, and small and very dense. ALGÆ OF TASMANIA. 439 fascicles of ramuli. To the naked eye it is not very unlike some states of Ceramium obsoletum.—A. transverse section of the stem shows a large central tube, surrounded by eight or nine others of moderate size, and these externally defended by a wide periphery composed of slender broken cellules containing endochrome, which cause the opake appearance of the stem. In P. Gunniana the structure is very similar, except that the periphery is very much narrower, and the tubes proportionally larger. 12. Polysiphonia frutex, Harv.; frondibus aggregatis, fruti- culosis, ramosissimis, articulatis, sulcatis; caulibus basi ultrasetaceis, sensim attenuatis, et in ramis divaricato- patentibus, decompositis, alternis solutis ; ramis secun- dariis bipinnatis, pinnis distantibus, patentibus; pinnulis brevibus, simplicibus v. ramulosis, apice fibris hyalinis, byssoideis ornatis ; articulis omnibus brevissimis, diametro equalibus v. brevioribus, 4 striatis, keramidiis . . . . ? George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1317, and one of the specimens marked 1316.—Fronds 2-4 inches high, forming globose bushy tufts, branching in every direction from the immediate base, the branches equalling the stem in length, or no distinct stem visible;—all excessively branched, the lesser branches alternate, very patent or divaricate, Setaceous below, attenuated upwards, straight, bi-tripinnate, with distant alternate pinne; these in their turn having distant, short, spinelike pinnule, which are sometimes again pinnellate ;—all the apices terminating in colourless byssoid fibres. Colour dull grey or brownish, staining the paper reddish. Articulations visible from the base to the apex, very short. A transverse section of the stem shows a small central siphon surrounded by seven large tubes, without any external cellular periphery ; the stem is consequently fur- Towed.—This has a good deal the habit of the European P. fruticulosa (whence the specific name), and several of the Characters of P. subulifera ;—but it is distinct from both. 13. Polysiphonia fuscescens, Harv.; frondibus aggregatis, ticosis, ramosissimis, articulatis, sulcatis, setaceis ; e basi 440 ALG OF TASMANIA, ` in ramis elongatis erectis divisis; ramis attenuatis bi- tripinnatis; pinnis pinnulisque erecto-patentibus, brevi- bus, simplicibus v. ramulosis, apice fibris hyalinis bys- soideis ornatis; articulis ramorum diametro 2-4-plo longi- oribus, ramulorum brevissimis, 4 striatis; keramidiis.. . .? George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1316 in part.— Fronds 6-8 inches high, excessively branched and bushy, but not of so shrub-like a character as P. frutex, much divided from near the base into long erect branches or stems, which are generally simple, or merely throw out from their lower part long branches similar to themsélves. These branches are in circumscription linear or narrow lanceolate, fasciculato- bipinnate throughout their length, the pinne very short, in proportion to the length of the branch, or 1 to 4 inch long on branches that are 4-5 inches long, erect or erecto-patent, pinnulated with short simple spinelike ramuli, the apices beset with byssoid fibres. Articulations of the stem and branches 4 striate, from 2 to 4 times longer than broad. Colour a dull'brownish or grey.—This species, which may be looked on as the V. D. Land representative of P. nigrescens; is nearly allied to P. frutex, but differs something in habit, and clearly in the length of the joints. The structure of the stem is similar in both. à 14. Polysiphonia cancellata, Harv.; frondibus ultrasetacels, fruticulosis, spinoso-ramosissimis, articulatis, sulcats; ramis e basi emissis, longissimis, flexuosis, divaricatis Y» horizontalibus, ramulis alternis, distantibus, patentissimis - vix pinnulatis v. margine subuliferis; articulis. diametro — duplo brevioribus, reticulatis, 4 striatis; keramidiis mi — nutis, ovatis, sessilibus. E George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1318 and 1320. —Fronds 4-5 inches high, thicker than bristle at the bas — forming a thorny bush, the outline of which is broadly ovate - or globose; branches as long as the principal stem, 97^ — issuing at right angles with it, flexuous, from a quarter e half an inch asunder, furnished with a second series of hori- — zontally patent ramuli each about an inch long. que ALG OF TASMANIA. 441 ramuli are either furnished with a series of distant, short, spinelike pinnules, or they are more or less dipinnate, the pinne in this latter case resembling the main ramuli in the former ; the ultimate pinnules always patent and spinelike. Articulations deeply furrowed, much shorter than broad, 4 striate; the striae which mark the tubes as evident as those which divide the branch into joints, and thus the frond has a netted appearance.—Keramidia very small, sessile on the ramuli, ovate. The stem is seven-tubed as in the last two species. 15. Polysiphonia acanthophora, Harv.; caule longissimo, crasso, indiviso, inarticulato, bi-tripinnato ; pinnulis elon- gatis, tenuibus, alternis, distantibus, ramulis minutis spinu- losis bi-tri-multifidis apice fibrilliferis distiche obsessis ; ramulis solum articulatis, articulis sesquilongioribus, bi- striatis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1291, 1297, 1321.—Stem 8-10 inches long or probably more, cartila- ginous, from 4 to 1 a line or even more in diameter at base, gradually attenuated to the thickness of bristle above; pin- . hated with patent branches much more slender than itself, which gradually diminish in length from the lower part to the top, so that the general outline of the frond is ovate-lanceo- late. These branches are usually again once-pinnated, but in large specimens twice-pinnated, with slender patent pinne of from 4- an inch to 1i inches in length:—both stem, branches, pinnze and pinnule perfectly opake and inarticu- late. The pinnz and pinnule are distichously set with minute, jointed, spinelike ramuli, which are about $ a line in length or less, and either simple, bifid, trifid or multifid with alternate divisions, their apices producing colourless byssoid fibres. Fruit unknown. Stem internally with four principal tubes round a. minute central one, and a wide cellular fleshy Periphery. Colour in the dry state greyish brown, with a stain of red.— This is one of those inarticulate species which vili probably be separated from Polysiphonia, and perhaps Placed in Alsidium as at present defined. It bears an out- VOL. III. 2k 442 ALG& OF TASMANIA. ward resemblance to P. byssoides, but is of a totally different structure: and it also something resembles Acanthophora Delilii, whence the specific name. Tribe 2. CHONDRIES, J. Ag. 16. Bonnemaisonia elegans, Ag.; fronde compressa, mem- branaceá, anguste lineari, decomposito-ramosissima ; ramis alternis, flabellatis, ramulis setaceo-subulatis distichis alternis utrinque pectinatis; keramidiis solitariis ovatis in jugamento immersis, poro ad axillam directo. Ag. Sp. Alg. vol. i. p. 198. George Town, V. D. Land, R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1299, 1300. —Frond 6-12 inches long, excessively and finely branched ; the stem and branches compressed, the ultimate divisions perfectly flat and membranaceous. All the branches, through their whole length, and through all the divisions, are bor- dered with distichous very slender setaceo-subulate ramuli about a line in length, and tapering to an acute point. Frond internally composed, as in B. asparagoides of large - polygonal cellules which are visible through the smaller ORBE which form its surface. No trace of midrib or central opacity. Keramidia ovate, immersed in the sinus of the marginal cilie, equally convex on either surface of the frond, opening by a pore directed to the axil of the ramulus, and containing a tuft of pearshaped seeds. These keramidia or capsules are usually solitary on each branchlet, and generally but shortly removed from the apex; but occasionally a branch is found with two, one above the other.—This beautiful plant which, as Agardh well remarks, bears so striking a resemblance i : the European B. asparagoides, that, except by the fruit, it might be difficult to distinguish them, has also many points in common with Calocladia pulchra, Grev., and I am dis" posed to concur with Mr. J. Agardh in uniting Calocladia to Bonnemaisonia. So great is the resemblance between ©@ pulchra and B. elegans, that had I not before me an authentic — specimen of Cal. pulchra communicated by Dr. Greville, and — numerous other specimens of that plant found by Dr. ALGA OF TASMANIA. 443 Joseph Hooker at Kerguelen's Land, I should perhaps have fallen into the error of considering these two species identi- cal. B. elegans is, however, a much more delicately and finely branched plant; its substance is far more tender, the ciliz that border its branches are slenderer, and its capsules are removed from the apex of the ramuli. M. Montagne informs me that Greville's Calocladia pulchra belongs to the Lamourouxian genus Delisia, and he considers it distinct from D. fimbriata, Lam. 17. Laurencia? membranacea, Harv.; fronde plana, tenui- membranacea (!), lato-lineari, profunde bipinnatifida ; pinnis pinnulisque alternis patentibus, inferioribus brevi- bus dentiformibus, superioribus linearibus elongatis ; ax- illis rotundatis ; pinnulis obtuse dentatis ; apicibus obtusis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1277.—Having seen but a solitary barren specimen of this remarkable plant, Í am unable to give more than a very imperfect description of it, and cannot altogether satisfy myself of the proper genus to which it should be referred. It has so much the colour and outline of very luxuriant specimens of Laurencia pinnatifida, that I venture to place it in the same genus, although its substance is as thin and membranous as the frond of Rhodomenia bifida, or of Thamnophora Mertensii. Had the apices been acute, and the colour less purple, I should probably have placed it in Zhamnophora. The fruit, When discovered, will decide the question. Mr. Gunn's Specimen, which is broken at base, and may be only a branch, measures 8 inches in length, and, taking the expan- sion of its branches, 7 inches across; the breadth of the frond being half an inch in the widest, and more than a quarter in the narrowest place. "There is neither midrib nor thickening in the middle, the whole is a thin membrane. stem is undivided ; its lower half furnished with short, = Closely set, alternate, bluntly toothed pinne about half an Meh long; its upper half bears long pinne 3 inches long, which are again pinnatifid, the pinnules bluntly toothed, and the teeth themselves bluntly cleft at the apex. All the apices 2K 2 444 ALGA OF TASMANIA. and axils are blunt. Colour a pale purplish red, greenish in _ the lower part, exactly resembling that of L, pinnatifida. 18. Laurencia tenuissima, Grey. (Fucus tenuissimus, Turn. t. 100.) George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1296, 1319— and part of 1288 (specimens in decay). 19. Laurencia dasyphylla, Grev. (Fucus dasyphyllus, Turn. £.29. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1281.—Colour much darker than usual, deep purple. 20. Laurencia obtusa, Lamour. (Fucus obtusus, Turn. t. 21.) George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1288, in part. 21. Laurencia botryoides, Gaill. (Fucus botryoides, Turn. t. 178.) George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1286. 22. Chylocladia kaliformis, Grev. (Fucus kaliformis, Turn. t. 29.) | George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1323. 23. Chylocladia Tasmanica, Harv., M.S.S. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1295.—Two imperfect and half decomposed specimens of a fine Chylo- cladia, probably new, but too closely allied to C. articulata for me to venture to describe it without more perfect speci- mens. The substance is far more gelatinous than in C. 4" ticulata, and the size, unless we compare it with the gigantic state figured by Turner, is much greater. The length of the lowermost constrictions is, in one specimen, an inch and - : the other 14 inches. It appears to decompose rapidly ? fresh water, throwing off its ultimate ramuli as a Stars" does its rays. The frond is irregularly dichotomous, with very patent axils, constricted at the branching; the upper divisions umbellate, 4-5 new branches springing from boos top of an old one, and these from their apices giving birth to saccate clavate ramuli. ds Tribe 3. SPmRococcorpzsz, J. Ag. 24. Hypnea musciformis, y. Valentie, Harv. in Hook, Journ. Bot. 1, p. 153.—Fucus Valentiz, Turn. t. 78. ALGZ OF TASMANIA, 445 George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1314.— This specimen bears spherospores in the patent ramuli. 25. Gracilaria lichenoides ? (Fucus lichenoides, Turn. t. 118 ?) George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1992.— Either G. lichenoides or a species very closely resembling it. The specimen produces irregular wartlike nemathecia. 26. Sphaerococcus australis, Harv.; caule brevi, carnoso, cylindrico, mox cuneato et in fronde lineari, compresso- plana, membranaceá, coccineá, ecostatà abeunte; fronde decomposito-dichotomá ; segmentis circumscriptione fla- belliformibus, ramulis dichotomé multifidis sensim angus- tioribus distichis patentibus pinnatis; axillis rotundatis obtusissimis ; apicibus acutis, laceratis; coccidiis acutis demum tuberculatis ad apices ramulorum sessilibus. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1279 :—also abundantly in the collection of 1840. Root scutate. Stem as thick as a sparrow's quill, cylindrical, cartilaginous, about a quarter of an inch in length, expanding thence, from a cuneate thickened apex, into a frond 4-12 inches long or probably more, which divides in an irregularly dichotomous manner into a few principal segments which preserve a nearly equal breadth of from 1-2 lines (in different speci- mens), and produce along their margins in a manner some- times alternately pinnate, sometimes alternately geminate secund, or imperfectly dichotomous, lesser distichous seg- ments half the breadth of those from which they spring, Which either at once divide into dichotomously multifid ramuli gradually narrower, or are themselves pinnated with such multifid ramuli. These muitifid ramuli, and even the major segments, preserve a tolerably defined flabellate out- line.—Such is the common state of the more regular speci- mens, but others occur which are cleft in a manner so ex- ceedingly irregular, between pinnate and dichotomous, that x is impossible to convey in words any idea of the branch- mg. One character, however, runs through all the varieties, namely: every axil, from the greatest to the least, is remark- ably rounded and large ; and in the more finely divided or 446 ALGÆ OF TASMANIA. upper part of the frond, the segments overlap each other above the axils, leaving wide circular spaces like holes in a net. The apices are all acute; the ultimate ramuli even subulate, from which cireumstance, added to the colour, the position of the fruit, and the internal structure of the frond, I am induced to place this plant in the restricted genus Spherococcus (Grev.) rather than in Rhodomenia, although there is no trace of midrib. The internal structure to which I allude consists in a number of large intercellular spaces of a roundish figure that exist throughout the substance of the frond, and give a transverse section of it a honey-combed appearance ; while under a pocket lens they impart a netted character to the surface of the frond. These air-cells sepa- rate the two opposite surfaces so considerably, that we must eall the frond rather very much compressed, than truly flat. The coccidia are borne only on the ultimate divisions, and generally at or near the apices; at first they are conical, they afterwards become more globose, and finally are tuber- culated and very irregular in form. They are of a fleshy substance, and contain a favella, or mass of sporules divided into a great number of lesser clusters. "The colour is exactly that of S. coronopifolius, and the habit is not dissimilar. The substance is thinner, yet it scarcely adheres to paper.— I had at first thought that this plant, which appears to be common in V. D. L., might be Rhodomenia alcicornis, J. Ag» but on reading over his description carefully, I cannot sup- pose them the same. The position of the fruit affords an obvious difference. diis Tribe 4. DELESSERIES, J. Ag. 27. Nitophyllum punctatum, Grey. (Fucus punctatus, Turm. - t. 71.) 7 George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1270 (with — capsules), and n. 1269, 1271 (with granular fruit). 28. Nitophyllum, z. sp. ? 1o X George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1273 and 1276? — The specimens are without fruit, and therefore I do nof ALG OF TASMANIA, 447 venture to found a species upon them in a genus liable to such variations of form. It so closely resembles, in the dichotomous linear frond, bordered with ciliæ, some states of Rhodomenia bifida, that I at first regarded it as that species ; but the reticulations of the frond are very much larger, and evidently point to a place in Nitophyllum—Mr. Gunn’s n. 1282, is also a Nitophyllum in a young state, and probably new. 29. Nitophyllum affine, Harv. ; caule brevi, carnoso, mox in fronde latissimé flabelliformi, laceratà, enervosà, membra- naceá, basi subopacá crassá expanso; segmentis sub- - pinnatifidis, sinubus rotundatis, soris granularum oblongis in segmentis ultimis longitudinaliter ordinatis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1272.—Nearly related to N. Gmelini, and strongly resembling the large Irish state of that plant, but differing in the position of the Sori. It rises with an evident stem which soon expands into the cuneate dark-coloured base of a flabellate membranous frond, 5 inches long and 7 inches wide, veinless, except for the fused indication of the stem at the base, thin and deli- cate, but probably crisp in a recent state, and only im- perfectly adhering to paper. It is deeply inciso-lacerate or many lobed, the segments coarsely sinuato-dentate or sub- Pinnatifid ; the marginal lobes blunt and shallow. Sori mi- nute, oblong or linear, ranged in longitudinal rows across the tips of the segments, or scattered over them ;—in our speci- men past their prime. 30. Thamnophora procera, J. Ag. in Linnea XV. p. 10. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., 1278 in part.—In this species, and in 7. Mertensii, Grev. I find an evident fine medial line running through the frond and branching off to Sach lacinia, The expression “ fronde ecostata" is rather too 31. Thamnophora costata, J. Ag. in Linnea XV. p. 10. . George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., 1278 in part. A ent only. 32. Thamnophora angusta, J. Ag. in Linnea XV. p. 10. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1304. 448 ALG& OF TASMANIA. Tribe 6. CrypronemMes, J. Ag. 33. Chrysimenia coccinea, Harv.; fronde compressa (?), tubulosá, coccinea, circumscriptione pyramidali; caule sub- indiviso vel furcato; ramis alternis v. vagis, erecto- patentibus, dichotomé pinnatis, multifidis; axillis sub- acutis ; ramulis ultimis erectis, basi vix constrictis, apice acutis; coccidiis......? granulis triangule divisis in ra- mulis ultimis nidulantibus. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1301.—Frond (a single specimen only seen) 4 inches high, tubular, with a few lax threads running tbrough the centre, apparently com- pressed. Stem as thick as bristle, undivided, or nearly so, beset from near the base to the apex with alternate or spiral multifid erecto-patent branches, the lowest longest, the rest gradually smaller upwards, all of them divided in a manner partly dichotomous, partly pinnate, the branches very erect, and the ultimate ramuli elongate and acute, slightly con- stricted at base. Colour a fine pinky red. Substance mem- branous and tender, but not very gelatinous. Granules im- bedded in all the ramuli. This plant has much the habit of Gracilaria, but not the structure. Mr 34. Halymenia membranacea, Harv.; fronde plana, membra- naceá, pallide rubrà, lineari, basi cuneata, vagé subdicho- tomo-pinnatim v. palmatim-fissá; segmentis patentibus, € margine ramenta lanceolata v. furcato-cuneata emittentibus} spherosporis (triangule divisis) per totam frondem sparsis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1276.—Fronds tufted, 3-4 inches high, quite flat and thin, membranaceous, cuneate at base, afterwards preserving nearly a uniform breadth of one to two lines, or in the largest specimen nearly } of an inch, very irregularly divided, more pinnatine than dichotomous, sometimes with several secund segments; sometimes palmate, or laciniate; the axils rounded, and the segments widely spreading or divaricated. ‘The margin m our specimens emits small ramenta, the youngest of which are linear, then lanceolate, and finally forked or - 3 all attenuated at base. Colour a pale dull red. - watt ALG OF TASMANIA, 449 membranous, not in the least gelatinous, and not adhering to paper. Fruit: innumerable spherospores, divided triangu- larly, scattered over the whole surface of the frond, dark- coloured, solitary, dot-like, immersedin the periphery. The structure of the frond internally exhibits very lax anasto- mosing central filaments ending outwardly in large cellules. —The aspect of this species is very much that of Rhodomenia sobolifera, but the structure is very different. Tribe 7. CERAMIER, J. Ag. 35. Ceramium rurum, Ag. (Conferva rubra, Eng. Bot. t. 1166.) George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1292 and 1305 (in part). 36. Ceramium diaphanum, Roth. (Conferva diaphana, Eng. Bot. t. 1742). George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1309, 1310, 1311, and 1313. 37. Spyridia filamentosa, Harv. in Br. Fl. 2, p. 337. . George Town, V. D. L.y R: Gunn, Esg., n. 1283, 1312, 1305 ? (but not 1305).—There are two varieties, to the first of which, distinguished by scattered sete or ramuli, the above numbers belong. ‘This is identical with the Mediter- Tanean and British Plant.—The second variety, or perhaps Species, may be called—]5. verticillata, n. 1298. It is re- markable for having the setz regularly whorled round the branches, and much denser than in var. a. 38. Spyridia? pellucida, Harv.; frondibus e basi communi lata stuposa ortis, tenuibus, pellucidis, monosiphoniis, articulatis, roseis, vage sub-dichotomé ramosissimis : ramis ad quodque geniculum ramulis brevissimis subulatis op- positis y. verticillatis ornatis; articulis diametro sesqui- v. subduplo longioribus. - George Town V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., 1305: also in the _ Collection of 1840.—Fronds 5-6 inches long, as thick as those of Ceramium rubrum, several growing from the same shaggy _ ?RSe, and often matted together below, much and irregularly eo eee 2L 450 ALGÆ OF TASMANIA. divided on a dichotomous type, the lesser branches generally alternate, straight; the apices not hooked in. Every part of the stem is clearly jointed, one-tubed and pellucid, but red- coloured, and all the larger and smaller branches, and the stems to their very base, are furnished at each joint with short, awl-shaped, opposite or cruciate ramuli, which are jointed like the stem, and more than half its diameter. These sufficiently mark the species from any variety of C. rubrum, and seem to indicate an affinity with Spyridia : but I am not sure that I am right in referring it to this genus, in preference to Ceramium, with which the structure of the frond more nearly agrees. 39. Griffithsia setacea ? Ag. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1290, 1302.— These specimens are not in fruit, and have not been suffi- ciently displayed to show the ramification; n. 1302, as well as it can be examined, seems identical with the European form; n. 1290 is smaller, more slender, and may be different. 40. Griffithsia flabelliformis, Harv.; fronde latissime flabel- lata, petiolatá, multoties dichotomA ; axillis inferioribus patentissimis, superioribus acutis; articulis inferioribus cylindricis, diametro 4-5 plo longioribus : superioribus ellip- ticis geniculis maxime contractis; ultimis moniliformibus, attenuatis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1294.—A large species, 6 inches long, by 7 inches wide, twelve or fourteen times dichotomous. "The lower axils very patent, the upper equally acute and close. Joints in the patent portion of frond cylindrical, 4-5 times longer than broad; in the erect or upper portion strongly contracted at the genicula, swollen in their middle, and thrice as long as broad; those of the ultimate divisions, which taper to a very fine point, into a string of elliptical beads. Colour a fine blood reb — Substance lubricous, but less gelatinous than in G. corallina, ; to which this species is very closely allied- E 41. Wrangelia plumosa, Harv.; caule nodoso, articulato» frondem percurrente, tripinnato ; pinnis pinnulisque nodoso-articulatis ; nodis omnibus ramulis verticillat | ALGJE OF TASMANIA. 451 tenuissimis brevissimis dichotomis densé vestitis ; favellis terminalibus, vix involucratis, densissime ramulis hirti- formibus velatis; articulis ramorum diametro 4-plo longi- oribus, striatis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., 1285, 1315.— Fronds 6 inches long or more; stems robust, nearly half a line in diameter at the base, gradually attenuated upwards, undivided, or breaking near the base into a few principal stems, erect, closely set with alternate branches, which are themselves twice pinnate: the whole frond is therefore thrice divided in a pinnate manner, and luxuriant specimens even still more decompounded. The main stem and branches are all evidently jointed, the joints 3-4 diameters asunder, swol- len, or knobby, and each densely clothed with minute, almost fibrilliform, dichotomous and gelatinous ramuli, which in the old parts are sometimes worn down into hairyness. In the young parts, and especially in the pinnules, which they en- tirely invest, they are lengthened, though never exceeding half a line, and much divided dichotomously. The spheros- pores (or capsules) are large, dark red, and abundantly scat- tered among these ramuli. The favelle are borne on the tips of the branches; they are spherical and densely tomen- tose ;—but the specimen which produces them is very much battered, which is perhaps the cause of the seeming absence of involucre. Colour dark grey, fading in fresh water, and slightly staining paper pink. Substance tender and gelatinous. 42. Callithamnion ? comosum, Harv.; caule elongato, tenui, crinito, frondem percurrente, ramosissimo; ramis sensim attenuatis multoties pinnatis, oppositis vel sepissime abortu alternis vel secundis (ramo abortivo ad ramulum minutum mutato), nodoso-articulatis, nodis filis minutis verticillatis hirtis; pinnulis penultimis ceteris similibus, ab quoque nodo duos ramulos oppositos emittentibus ; ramulis byssoideis, tenuissimis, alterne v. secunde divisis, mies elongatis, erectis ; spheerosporis pedicellatis, ovali- George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1307, and 1303 dE 2.2 459 ALGÆ OF TASMANIA. in part.—Frond 6-8 inches high, setaceous below, exces- sively branched in a regularly pinnate manner, each succes- sive pinnation being more slender than the last, till at the fifth or sixth the diameter is reduced to that byssoid fineness that requires a strong magnifying power to see it clearly. The scheme of branching is obviously -by opposite patent branches or pinnze, repeated over and over again; but from some cause it happens that in by far the greater number of cases in the earlier development of the frond, one of these branches is either very much shorter than the other, or is reduced to a mere rudiment, or even altogether wanting; though its place is usually found occupied bya small ramulus, — — The main branches, and their divisions therefore are fre- quently alternate. The structure of the stem is peculiar, and something at variance with the genus, while it shows a transi- — tion to Crouania or Dudresnaia. It is composed of a bundle of fine longitudinal threads, glued together, and as if knotted or more firmly combined together at each joint or node from | which the branches issue. In old parts it is wholly covered with short hair-like ramelli, but in younger parts these are confined to the nodes, which are 2 or 3 diameters apart from each other. This nodose structure is found in all the di- visions till we come to the last where the frond is reduced to a byssoid fineness and a single tube. The last or extreme nodose-pinnules, besides the hair-like ramelli that clothe the nodes, throw out at each node a pair of opposite slender Z byssoid pinnulated ramuli, whose pinnules are either alter- — nate or secund, erecto-patent, and bear along their upper ae face, from joint to joint, a row of pedicels, each of which supports a spherospore. Joints of the ramuli 4 times longer — than broad. Colour a fine rosy red, not soon changing ™ — fresh water, and well preserved in drying. Substance very tender and lubricous.—A noble species, and not likely to be confounded with any other. - — o 43. Callithamnion latissimum, Harv. ; caule elongato, frondem percurrente, tenui, basi opaco, subsetoso, e fibris consti- : tuto, in parte superiore articulato glabro ; fronde latissimâ, pluries pinnatâ, divisionibus omnibus alternis; ramis ] ALG& OF TASMANIA. 453 mariis tripinnatis, articulatis, pellucidis, glabris; pinnis similibus sed tenuioribus; pinnulis penultimis (vel plu- mulis) patentibus, tenuibus, flexuosis, simpliciter pinnatis ; articulis diametro 3-4-plo longioribus; sphzerosporis mi- nutissimis, spheericis, brevé pedicellatis basin versus pin- nellarum ultimarum secundis. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1308.—Stem 5-6 inches long, or more, setaceous below, gradually at- tenuated upwards, continued throughout the broadly ovate, excessively pinnated frond, opake and subsetose below, pel- lucid and naked above: all the divisions alternate. Main branches very patent or horizontal, 2-3 inches long, about half the diameter of the stem, pellucid and jointed; the joints 4-5 times longer than broad, triply pinnate, the pinnæ resembling the main rachis. Pinnules and their divisions very slender and patent, filiform, blunt. Colour a fine rose red, without any gloss when dry. Substance membranaceous, not very gelatinous. Spherospores exceedingly minute, secund along the ultimate ramuli near their bases, 4-5 on each ramulus, spherical, on short stalks. - 44. Callithamnion cruciatum, Ag. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq.—These épecimens do not materially differ from the more slender British states of this variable, but easily recognised species, and are equally distinguished by the darkened tips of the branches, caused by the crowding of the ramuli about them. SERIES II. MELANOSPERME on FUCOIDEJE. Tribe 8. SPonRocuwxorpEE, Grev. 45. Sporochnus radiciformis, Ag. (Fucus radiciformis, Zire. t. 189.) George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., 1284, 1293. Tribe 9. DicryoTrEx, Grev. 46. Stilophora australis, Harv.; fronde cartilaginea, filiformi, alterne bi-tripinnatim ramosa; ramis primariis elongatis, indivisis ; secundariis tertiariisque laxe insertis, simplicis- simis, strictis, acutis, basi attenuatis; verrucis ellipticis, 454 HEPATICH ANTARCTICAE. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1318 ?—A single imperfect specimen marked with a query is all that I have seen (n. 1318 is Pol. cancellata), but this is sufficient to es- tablish a perfectly distinct new species. This specimen, which consists of the upper portion of a frond, is 6 inches long, and half a line in diameter, solid, cartilaginous, with a percurrent stem, much branched alternately ; the branches and their divisions not strictly distichous, though nearly so. Branches long, simple, patent, alternate or secund, laxly set with alternate elongated simple ramuli, which bear a third and probably occasionally a fourth series similar to them- selves. All the ramuli more orless tapering at base, and very acute, or acuminate at the apices. Warts of fructifica- tion rather laxly scattered over the branches and ramuli, depressed, exactly elliptical. Colour olive green. SERIES II.—CHLOROSPERMEÆ or ZOOSPERME.E. Tribe 10. UrnvacEx, Ag. 47. Ulva latissima, L. George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esq., n. 1975. 48. Enteromorpha compressa, Grev. — . George Town, V. D. L., R. Gunn, Esg., n. 1289. REE ee er Hepatica Antarctica ; being characters and brief des- criptions of the Hepaticm discovered in the southern circumpolar regions during the Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror; by Dr. J. D. HOOKER, and Dr. Tuomas TAYLOR. (Continued from page 400.) II.—Sprcies or THe FALKLAND IsLanps, CAPE HORN | AND OF KenaurLEN's LAND. : = (Where a species occurs, which has before been described * among the plants of Campbell’s Island and of Lord Auck- HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. 455 land’s group, it has not been thought necessary to repeat the descriptions.) (Gymnomitrion, Nees.) 1. J. physocaula, n. sp.; caule disperso erecto filiformi ramoso celluloso-tumente, ramis apice incrassatis, foliis imbricatis distichis erectis ovatis bipartitis segmentis lanceolatis, integerrimis. Has. On Jung. densifolia, Hook., Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Stems nearly two inches long, very slender; shoots pale olive-green, sometimes reddish-brown, bending. Leaves closely imbricated and adpressed to the stem, tumid, hence the shoots to the naked eye resemble those of certain Ptero- gonia ; with two, three or four erect branches issuing often from the same point, the tegument of the stem has large whitish cellules. Leaves with entire segments, which have an irregular outline. No stipules present. This species has an affinity to Jung. concinnata, (Lightf.) It is, however, by no means tufted, the shoots are more slender and flexible, the leaves have lanceolate segments and the stems are cellulose in a peculiar manner. | (Gottschea, Wees.) 2. J. lamellata, Hooker. Musci Exot. t. A9. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. 3. J. splachnophylla, n. sp.; caule subdisperso procumbente subsimplici squamoso, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus, lobo ventrali oblongo-ovato, dorsali semi-ovato subzequali, utroque carnoso, apice serrulato, margine incurvo, ala lineari integerrima. Han. Cape Horn and Straits of Magalhaen, Mr. Menzies. Shoots two inches long, nearly one fourth of an inch wide, of a sordid whitish-olive colour. Leaves thick, carnose, easily broken at the margins, the two lobes set at an acute angle within which the back of the next upper leaf is re- ceived, Beneath, the stem is furnished with roots matted together, among which appear a few scattered subrotund 456 HEPATICH ANTARCTICA. Scales, jagged at their summits. The margins of both lobes, as well as of the wing beneath, are slightly incurved. This species differs remarkably from the rest of the Gott- schee of Nees, by its carnose structure. 4. J. pachyla, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto subramoso — apice incurvo; foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus lobis ovato-oblongis acuminatis, dorsali apice incurvo integer- rimo, ventrali horizontali margine anteriore dentató-apice subincurvo, stipulis majoribus ovato-acuminatis bifidis, segmentis lanceolatis. ; Has. On exposed moist banks, Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Roots, as in all this tribe, simple, thick, purple. Tufts - loose, reddish dark-brown. Stems two inches high, erect. Shoots thick, slightly incurved at their tops. Leaves closely —— imbricated, their lobes joining by about one fourth of their length, placed at an acute angle one on the other and in the angle receiving the duplicature of the leaf next above; their margins are uneven and the anterior part of the lower has - three or four large teeth with a deep sinus between them. The stipules often have their segments unequal, entire but with an uneven outline. is This species is more nearly related to the preceding than to any other Gottschea of Nees: it is distinguished by 1s smaller size, its shorter leaves, their lobes with a shorter commissure, its stems less compressed and by having the. margin of the lower lobe dentate. 3 5. J. laminigera, n. sp. ; caule cespitoso erecto ramoso com presso, folis imbricatis patentibus ciliatis, lobo ventrali c lanceolato basi bilobo, dorsali semicordato, utroque cristas. ; dentatas lineares undulatas ferente, ut et stipulis majori- ; bus rotundatis quadrifidis ciliatis, calyce terminali oblongo — compresso, cristas dentatas undulatas ferente, ore laciniato ciliato. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. wu Tuftsloose, very pale tawny-green above, brownish be- neath. Stems three inches high, the branches erect, fasti- - giate. The leaves bear toothed and waved crests that fre- quently terminate at either end without reaching the margins. HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. 457 Stipules large, their segments with recurved margins, they bear crests at their bases. The calyx likewise bearing crests, is paler than the leaves, Pedicel about one inch long. Cap- sule cylindrical. This resembles Jung. lamellata Hook., the crests on the leaves, however, are more regular, and the stipules simply bifid. .A variety of the present plant, collected in the same locality, is diminutive, its stems not exceeding one inch in height. (Plagiochila, Nees et Mont.) 6. J. ansata, n. sp.; caule subcespitoso adscendente elon- gato subramoso, foliis imbricatis erectis adpressis secundis rotundatis hinc basi decurrentibus integerrimis. Has. Falkland Islands. Tufts loose, dusky pale-brown. Stems ascending through tufts of Musci, in the instance before us of Dicranum Bil- lardieri (Schwaeg.), flexuose, weak, scarcely branched. Leaves thin, entire, circular, but the posterior margin ter- minating in a decurrent process, resembling a handle, whence the trivial name, the leaves are erect and the two series ad- pressed, hence they are necessarily homomallous; their anterior margin is slightly recurved. This has the habit of Jung. conjugata Hook., but the stems are far more elongated, the leaves quite entire and by no means united in opposite pairs at their bases. 7. J. unciformis, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso erecto subsimplici apice uncinato, foliis imbricatis erectis secundis adpressis Ovato-rotundatis, margine inferiori gibbosis, denticulatis, Superiori incurvis basi subnervosis. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Tufts a few inches wide, reddish-brown. Stems half an inch high, hooked at the tops. Leaves increasing in size towards the top, homomallous, compressed, much imbri- cated, their upper margin incurved with a tumid fold, the lower bulging out and denticulate ; the cells are minute and condensed, except at the middle of the base where they are 458 HEPATIC ANTARCTICA. large and reddish-brown and so assume the appearance of a short wide nerve. The present is related to Jung. biserialis, L. et L. from Van Diemen’s Land. It is, however, not above one fourth the size, has more minute denticulations to the leaves, which are widely ovate, not round and decurrent at the anterior margin, besides the stems are not strikingly flexuose as in that species. 8. J. duricaulis, n. sp.; caule laxe ceespitoso erecto ramoso, foliis subimbricatis patentibus semicordatis subdecurren- tibus basi postica ventricosa, margine inferiori recurvo utroque denticulato. Has. Common in woods, Hermite Island, Cape Horn. In loose tufts, of a pale but dusky olive-green. Stems four inches high, irregularly branched; shoots when moist subcompressed. Leaves but little imbricated, the ventri- cose portions of the opposite pairs meet behind and form a crest; the inferior margin is recurved with a round fold, the superior is rather incurved behind the stem; all round, the leaves are minutely denticulate, the leaves are one eighth - of an inch long. The perigonium is a short terminal spike. This approaches very near to Plagiochila flaccida (Lind.) from St. Vincent’s which has almost an equally hard and ligneous stem, but may be known by the greater breadth of the branches and leaves, by its more compound ramification and by the more minute denticulations of the leaves. 9. J. sphalera, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto apice incurvo basi ramoso, foliis subimbricatis erecto-patentibus siccitate secundis madore subdistichis ex angusta basi obovato- rotundatis, margine superiori incurvo integerrimo, inferiori planiusculo dentato. Han. Cape Horn. Tufts rather loose, of a diluted olive-green. Stems hi inches high, dividing often at the base, into two or three - branches; the tops round, flattened and curved. Leaves: — when moistened, although still somewhat secund, yet spread- ing from the stem, somewhat recurved at their tops, 10051 HEPATIC/E ANTARCTICA. 459 imbricated ; their bases are remarkably small, the denticu- lation of the inferior margin considerable. This is exceedingly near in characters to our Jung. unci- formis, but isa taller plant, the leaves less imbricated and less secund. When moistened, their bases are much narrower and the stems are far paler. 10. J. uncialis, n. sp. ; caule ceespitoso erecto ramoso, foliis subimbricatis erecto-patentibus concavis late ovalibus, margine inferiori subrecurvo dentato, superiori integerrimo, calyce terminali late obovato subtruncato, ore dentato ciliato. Has. Cape Horn. Tufts wide, pale yellowish-green. Stems scarcely one inch high, the fruit-bearing shoots subfastigiate. Leaves by no means decurrent, the pericheetial half as long as the calyx. This is roundly truncate, compressed above before flowering, and has a more extended slit on one side. Capsule oblongo- Spherical, scarcely exserted. Perigonia are short spik Occurring in the course of the shoots. E In habit the present approaches the African Plagiochila sarmentosa of Lindenberg, but in character is nearer to our J. aculeata. The former has larger and more rotund leaves ; its fructification is unknown, the latter is a much larger plant, its leaves have a narrower base and their superior Margin recurved with a larger fold, their denticulation is coarser, their calyx shorter, scarcely exceeding the top of the perichetial leaves and above all, although our plant is far smaller, the cellules of the leaves are considerably larger. ll. J. minutula, n. sp.; caule brevissimo cespitoso erecto ramoso, foliis arcte imbricatis erectis compressis rotundatis concaviusculis, margine anteriore decurrente, supremis majoribus denticulatis. Haz. Kerguelen's Island. Tufts wide, blackish green. Stems erect, rather thick; Shoots scarcely one tenth of an inch high, having from four to six pairs of leaves. Lower leaves minute, scarcely wider than the stem, the upper crowded and compressed into a 460 HEPATICA ANTARCTIC, head three or four times wider than the inferior part of the shoot; the lower leaves are nearly entire, the upper crenu- lato-dentate with very minute teeth; the structure of the leaves is thick and dense, the cells of the margin conspicuous, of the rest indistinct. This is more minute than the Plagiochila pusilla (Mont.), has not its curved stems, the number of leaves is much fewer on each shoot, andit is decidedly distinguished by the an- terior margin of the leaves being decurrent. 12. J. heterodonta, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto ramoso, — ramis erectis subfasciculatis, foliis erecto-patentibus im- bricatis obovatis, margine superiori decurrente, inferiori apice emarginato-bidentato, ceterum incqualiter denticu- lato, calyce terminali foliis perichetialibus minore ovali- rotundato dentato-ciliato. Has. Kerguelen's Island. Tufts wide, dusky olive-green. Stems nearly two inches high, irregularly branched. Leaves rather closely imbricated, obovate-rotundate or very wide at the tops, their denticula- tions unequal ; in some leaves the emargination into two lobes | is sufficiently evident and in all there is some trace of its : Calyx shorter than the perichztium, with a rounded, bila- —— biate, minutely ciliated top. T From Plagiochila sciophila (Lind.), of Nepal, which, like- wise, has emarginato-dentate leaves, the present may be a known by its smaller size, its erect growth, its leaves dady — imbricated and their margins supplied with more teeth; — besides perigonia are observed in the antarctic species, md are short, terminal, narrow spikes, with minute, erect, "Ht — bricated bidentate leaves, whose tops are somewhat squat- — rose. UE (Jungermannia, L. e£ Auct.) 13. J. colorata, Lehm. in Linnea IV. p. 366. ae Has. Falkland Islands, Cape Horn and Kerguelen’s Island. 14. J. byssacea, Roth., Cat. Bot. II. p. 158. Has. Falkland Islands. HEPATIC/E ANTARCTICA. 461 15. J. bicuspidata, L. Sp. Pl. II. p. 1589. Has. Falkland Islands. 16. J. rigens, n. sp. ; caule ceespitoso erecto subramoso, foliis imbricatis secundis concavis ovatis bifidis, segmentis in- curvis lanceolatis integerrimis, stipulis ovatis bifidis, seg- mentis subulatis incurvis integerrimis. Has. Falkland Islands. Tufts minute, pale yellowish-olive. Stems scarcely two . lines long, nearly simple. Leaves diminishing in size towards the top of the stem, imbricated and their tops incurved so as to give to the shoot a moniliform appearance. Stipules large in proportion to the size of the plant, split down nearly to the base. | This species is analogous to the European Jung. Francisci Hook., but is more minute, has leaves more concave, with a deeper sinus and has stipules with subulate and elongated Incurved segments. l7. J. vasculosa, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso procumbente sub- ramoso, foliis imbricatis erectis secundis tenuibus ex lata decurrente basi rotundato-quadratis, margine integerrimo subsinuoso, stipulis majoribus concavis ovatis bifidis, seg- mentis lanceolatis integerrimis. Has. Falkland Islands. Patches several inches wide, blackish-green. Stems two inches long, sparingly branched. Leaves rather loosely im- bricated, their margins often inflexed, anteriorly somewhat gibbous, posteriorly decurrent, entire yet with an irregular outline; the leaves are very thin and their cells large. The Stipules are very conspicuous, embrace the stem and have two broadly lanceolate segments. It is difficult to say if the present should be arranged among the Lophocolee or the Jungermannie proper of Nees. € leaves are too entire for the former tribe. The present Species has the air of Jung. cordifolia Hook., from which the presence of its conspicuous stipules at once distinguishes it, 462 HEPATIC/E ANTARCTICA. 18. J. erinacea, n. sp. ; caule czespitoso erecto ramoso, ramis erecto-patentibus, foliis imbricatis patentibus, lobo infe- riori oblongo, superiori vix connato ovato adpresso, utroque ciliato, apice obtuso minute emarginato, stipulis majoribus rotundatis apice emarginato-bifidis ciliatis. Has. Falkland Islands. Tufts loose, wide, pale olive-green. Stems two inches high, much branched, branches subfastigiate. Leaves scarcely imbricated, yet the margin of one a little overlapping the ‘margin of the next anterior; they are bifid at the top with a shallow round sinus ; their cili are large at the base but terminating in a series of simple cells at their tops where - they consequently appear articulated. Their structure is widely cellular and their substance very thin. Stipules rotund, ciliated all round, distinctly bifid. : The present is allied to our Jung. diplophylla from Lord Auckland’s group; the fructification of both is unknown; together they seem to form as natural a genus as any lately proposed, they coincide with Scapania of Nees, but have the singularity of being furnished with conspicuous stipules. From Jung. diplophylla the present is readily distinguished by the short connexion, if any, between the upper and lower lobes of the leaves, by their emarginate tops, by the more considerable and frequent ciliation of their margins and by the stipule being more rounded and less deeply di- vided. 19. J. humectata, n. sp.; caule laxé czespitoso erecto ramoso foliis subapproximatis tenuibus erecto-patentibus basi am- plexantibus ovato-rotundatis emarginatis, segmentis obtu- siusculis subdivaricatis integerrimis. Has, Falkland Islands. : Tufts loose, wide, blackish-brown below, pale dusky olive- green above, branches few, erect. Leaves alternate, rather es distant, clasping the stem at their bases, very widely oblon& — bifid with an obtuse sinus reaching down for one third of the — length of the leaf. HEPATICA ANTARCTICA; 463 In its apparently wet place of growth, erect posture, and general shape of the leaf, this agrees with the British Jung. Lyoni, Tayl., differing, however, by the paler green colour of the young shoots, by the thinner leaves, by their minuter cells, their bases clasping the stems and by their deeper emargination. 20. J. tubulata, n. sp.; caule laxé cæspitoso procumbente subramoso, foliis laxis erectiusculis oblongis bifidis segmentis acutis apiculatis, calyce terminali ex angusta elongata tubu- lata basi oblongo, ore plicato minutissime dentato, foliorum pericheetialium segmentis lanceolatis integerrimis. Has. Falkland Islands. Stems in loose pale-green tufts, scarcely half an inch long, nearly simple, bearing, as in J. bicuspidata (L.), some flagel- liform naked shoots. Leaves whitish-green, pellucid, erect, embracing the stems, concave at their bases, divided by an acute sinus into two lanceolate segments, each terminated by a minute apiculus. Calyces white conspicuous tubes, with swollen tops, where they are wrinkled, and at the mouth most minutely toothed. Perichztial leaves erect, their seg- ments narrow and quite entire. Capsule oblong. Seeds numerous, yellowish-brown, subangulate. Elateres with a double helix. - "This greatly resembles the European J. bicuspidata (L.) ; from which it may be certainly distinguished by the shorter Capsules, the entire perichetial leaves, the more elongated calyces, and minuter cells of the leaves. The calyces are always terminal, which likewise sometimes happens in J. bicuspidata L. 21. J. cavispina, n. sp.; caule laxé ceespitoso erecto sub- ramoso, surculis incrassatis, foliis imbricatis erectis adpres- Sis rotundatis integerrimis, margine subrecurvis, stipulis majoribus rotundato-oblongis concavis integerrimis. Has. Falkland Islands. In loose tufts, in watery places, brownish-black. Stems two inches high, sparingly branched, the branches erect, 464 HEPATICÆ ANTARCTICA. Leaves, when dry, much recurved, when moistened standing erect and adpressed, but still with their margins somewhat recurved; this structure, however, is most remarkable. in the imbricated stipules, which, becoming a concave series, give to the back of the shoot an appearance of having been scooped out. : There is no European or Antarctic Jungermannia to which we can compare the present. 22. J. palustris, n. sp.; caule disperso erecto elongato ramoso, foliis subimbricatis patentibus tenuissimis scariosis rotundatis concavissimis, margine incurvis, medio plica lon- gitudinali obtusa notatis integerrimis, stipulis ovalibus con- vexis integerrimis majoribus. Has. In watery places; Cape Horn. a Stems ascending up among other Jungermannie, gtowing - in water, scattered, about three inches high, the branches. erect. Leaves tumid, variously bent at the margins, some- - times recurved, but more commonly incurved, having 9 — — remarkable longitudinal obtuse fold in the middle. Stipules — almost imbricated, very convex. E The leaves of our plant have more resemblance to those of | Hypnum- cochlearifolium (Schwaeg.) than to those of any — known Jungermannia. es 23. J. fulvella, n. sp. ; caule implexo procumbente ramoso — be foliis imbricatis erectis concavis, caulinis obovato-rotundatis, e margine subdentatis incurvis ramosis minoribus rotundatis arctiüs imbricatis dentatis, stipulis rotundis concavis subine, tegerrimis. vut Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. =e Patches more than three inches wide, pale tawny- Be E about one inch long, repeatedly and irregularly branche" the shoots slender. The stem.leaves are more loosely 17 bricated and have a wider base, with their margin more incurved and the denticulation more irregular than occurs on the branches. So, likewise, the stipules on the stems m larger, more oblong and more frequently notched. There HEPATICH ANTARCTICA. 465 are no flagelliform shoots, and from the irregular number of the minute teeth of the leaves, this species can scarcely be referred to Herpetium of Nees, 24. J. madida, n. sp. ; caule cespitoso erecto-ramoso, ramis erectis fastigiatis, foliis laxé imbricatis patentibus amplexi- caulibus concavis ovato-rotundatis bifidis, segmentis acutis incurvis subintegerrimis, stipulis majoribus laté ovatis bifidis subintegerrimis, calyce cylindraceo subincurvo apice den- tato. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Tufts loose, several inches wide, dull green when growing in water, rufescent in dry situations. Stems 2 inches high. Leaves scarcely imbricated, bifid for one-third of their length, a few of them exhibiting one or at most two minute teeth on the posterior margin; their structure is minutely cellular. The stipules are nearly as large as the leaves, round, bifid, the segments subdentate. Calyx long, rather acumi- nated. Capsule cylindrical. This species is larger and greener when growing in water, the leaves are more entire in dry situations. It is closely allied to J. serrulata (Swartz), differing by the less imbricated leaves, whose cells are much more minute, by the few serra- tures of the margins of the leaves, by the stipules and leaves being shorter, and by the more elongated calyx. 25. J. equata, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente subra- moso flexuoso, foliis imbricatis erectis oppositis rotundatis, margine incurvis integerrimis, basi connatis, stipulà ovata bifidà conjunctis. Haz. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Patches small, growing among mosses, reddish-brown. Stems about one inch long, variously but sparingly branched, bent back. Leaves closely imbricated, oblongo-rotundate, Somewhat convex and tumid when moist from their margins ming incurved; they are exactly opposite, being slightly Connected in front at the base, but joined together behind by the intervention of the stipule, which is ovate and bifid with ‘two subulato-setaceous short segments, VOL, III 2 M 456 HEPATIC ANTARCTICA, This species reminds one, in the figure of its leaves and - their connexion in front, of Jung. Brankiana Nees; this however is destitute of stipules. 26. J. otiphylla, n. sp.; caule aggregato elongato erecto subramoso debili, foliis imbricatis flaccidis tenuissimis erecto- patentibus elongato-reniformibus margine recurvis integerri- mis, stipulis majoribus concavis rotundatis emarginatis. Has. Alpine bogs, Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Tufts loose, dusky whitish-olive. Stems 3 inches high, sparingly branched, the branches erect. Leaves very thin and flaccid, easily retaining any position in water in which they may have been placed, oblong, but before joining the stem above and below rounded like the human ear. Stipules large, subimbricated, their margins incurved, their tops emar- ginate with a very obtuse and shallow notch. The present approaches our J. palustris from the same country, and from similar situations; but the leaves have not the inflated structure and folds, nor the entire stipules of that species, besides the foliage is more closely imbricated, and more colourless and transparent. : 27. J. austrigena, n. sp.; caule laxé cespitoso elongato adscendente ramoso, surculis incurvis, foliis imbricatis erecto- patentibus subsecundis rotundatis convexis integerrimis, stl- pulis majoribus rotundatis apice bidenticulatis, calyce termi- nali oblongo compresso trigono, ore subintegro. Has. On moist banks, Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Patches loose and wide, whitish and yellowish-green. Stems 3 inches long, variously branched and /flexuose. | Leaves closely imbricated, slightly decurrent in front. Sti- pules round, entire, except at the very summit, where usually two very minute teeth appear under the lens. Calyx large, oblong, wide, variously twisted, having three sides, of which the inferior is the widest, while the two upper meet at? ridged angle. po This species, unlike any other hitherto described, has the calyx of a Lophocolea (Nees), from which tribe it is removed by its entire leaves and stipules. EC HEPATICA ANTARCTICA, 467 28. J. chloroleuca, n. sp.; caule laxé cespitoso erecto sub- ramoso, folis subapproximatis erecto-patentibus ex tumidá amplexante basi ovatis bipartitis, segmentis ligulatis, summo apice bifidis, ciliatis. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Tufts loose, greenish-white. Leaves distichous, scarcely imbricated, their segments frequently recurved, hence the shoots appear somewhat squarrose, especially in the dry state; the upper parts of the shoots are pale green, the lower with a brown hue. At the tops of the stems there is often a cluster of three or four short branches. Between this species, J. densifolia Hook., and our J. ver- tebralis, there exists the closest analogy, so that they appear to belong to a distinct section of the Jungermannie. It is chiefly necessary to distinguish the present species from J. densifolia (Hook.) by the very different pale green colour, by the denser structure of the leaves, which by no means exhibit distinctly limited cells, by the greater length of the ciliation of the margin of the leaves, their more distant position and the minutely bifid tops of their seg- meonta 550 ov 29. J. crebrifolia, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto ramoso, surculis erectiusculis, folis imbricatis erectis secundis con- cavis ovato-rotundatis bilobis, lobis ovatis obtusis integerri- mis inferiori minori basi laciniato, calyce laterali obovato plicato, ore scarioso laciniato, laciniis lanceolatis. Has. Cape Horn. Tufts thick, reddish-brown. Stems nearly two inches long, brittle when dry, irregularly but repeatedly branched ; branches becoming a little wider towards the tops. Leaves closely imbricated, remaining erect when moistened, their upper lobe the larger, the lower at the base often crossing the stem, and having therea very minute lobe or large lanceo- late tooth. Calyces minute, scarcely observable and looking like slight projections on the sides of the stems; they have Whitish scariose mouths. This is closely allied to Jung. cryptodon (Wilson's MSS.), 2m 2 468 HEPATICA ANTARCTICA, which was collected by Mathews at Pilzhum on the Andes of Columbia; like it, ours has a concealed minute lobe at the termination, in front, of the amplexicaul base of the leaf. It appears, however, sufficiently different by its greater size, more imbricated and erecter leaves, with their lower lobes smaller; besides, the accessory lobe, in front, is far more con- siderable in our plant. 30. J. humilis, n. sp. ; caule implexo procumbente ramoso, foliis subimbricatis erecto-patentibus subsecundis rotundatis concavis integerrimis, stipulis minutis rotundato-ovatis bifidis segmentis extus subunidentatis. Has. Kerguelen's Island. : Patches wide, olive-green. Stems about one inch long, irregularly branched. Leaves loosely imbricated, by no means decurrent, patent and homomallous. Stipules about the breadth of the stems, with a shallow notch, each pec ment bearing exteriorly a minute tooth. This is allied to our J. turgescens, from Lord fer group; it may be known by its smaller size, more olive colour, by its stipules toothed at each side, by its more patent leaves without decurrent bases, and by their structure of far larger cells. 31. J. minuta, Crantz. Has. Kerguelen’s Island. (Gymnanthe, Tayl.) 32. J. Urvilleana. Plagiochila (Scapania) Unie Mae tagne in Voy. au Pole Sud. t. 16, f. 2. Has. Cape Horn. (Lophocolea, Nees v. Esenbeck). 33. J. textilis, (n. sp.) ; caule implexo procumbente vagè atque parcè ramoso, foliis distichis complanatis approximatis zu erecto-patentibus late semiovatis apice sinuato-bispinosis 2 integerrimis planis, cellulis majoribus, stipulis ovatis partitis. Has. Falkland Islands. HEPATIC’ ANTARCTICA. 469 - Patches wide, very pale yellowish-green. Stems 2 inches long, matted together. Leaves in the same plane, their structure largely cellular, their anterior margin curved, the posterior straight and at an acute angle with the stem. Stipules wide as the stem, bipartite, the segments acumi- nated. Perigonia occurring sometimes in the course of the stems, usually at their tops, their leaves closely adpressed, erect, with tumid bases. The present resembles our J. planiuscula in the large cellules of the leaves, but differs by its much smaller size, shorter semiovate leaves, and by the more entire segments of the stipules. ; 34. J. sabuletorum, (n. sp.); caule czespitoso adscendente ramoso apice recurvo, folis approximatis patentibus secun- dis subquadratis integerrimis apice subexcisis, stipulis minu- tis lanceolatis bipartitis, segmentis subulatis incurvis. Has. Falkland Islands. Patches about 2 inches wide, pale tawny. Stems scarcely one fourth of an inch high, rising upright till they overtop the wet sand on which they grow, then reclining back and becoming horizontal. Leaves in five or six pairs, when moistened becoming homomallous, they are usually slightly notched or indented, more rarely rounded at their tops; their cells are very large. The top of the shoot is flattened by the terminating pair of leaves being compressed. This, perhaps, is the minutest of this tribe of the Junger- mannie ; the rotundato-quadrate figure of the leaves with their shallow and wide sinus appear sufficiently to discrimi- nate it from the other Lophocolee. 35. J. rivalis, (n. sp.) ; caule laxé ceespitoso adscendente Subramoso, foliis distichis approximatis secundis integerri- mis semirotundis, margine posteriore decurrente apice sub- exciso, stipulis ovatis bifidis segmentis extus unidentatis, Haz. Port Louis, Falkland Islands. | . Tufts loose, the inferior part apparently submerged, black- Ish-brown, the upper very pale olive-green. Stems nearly 2 inches high, with a few ascending or erect branches, 470 HEPATICZ ANTARCTIC. Leaves alternate, with a wide decurrent base, semirotundato- oblong, their emargination or sinus so short as to be scarcely perceptible; their structure is minutely cellular, their colour very pale on the younger shoots. Stipules scarcely wider than the stems, having a subrotund base, and being split above into two acuminate segments, each of which has exteriorly a single large tooth. This species approaches our J. grisea, from Lord Auck- land’s group, which, however, is a smaller plant, with leaves narrower and obovate, while our J. planiuscula, from the same place, is much larger, with stipules longer and nearly entire. Both these species have larger cells to their leaves. 36. J. grisea, n. sp. ; described before from Lord Auck- land’s group. . Has. Falkland Islands. 37. J. reclinans, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato subra- moso, foliis imbricatis patentibus siccitate explanatis madore secundis ex lata basi oblongo-rotundatis integerrimis apice subbilobis, stipulis quadri-partitis segmentis setaceis, duobus mediis elongatis. Has. Falkland Islands. : Patches rather loose, growing on other Hepatice or Muset, pale olive-green. Stems supine, scarcely half an inch long, sparingly branched. Leaves with the anterior margin gib- bous, having sometimes three, more commonly two, scarcely prominent lobes formed by a shallow indentation of the tops sometimes any appearance of a sinus is wanting. Stipules with a minute quadrate base, bipartite, each segment again sending exteriorly a shorter one; all of them setaceons, articulated, incurved. This species has a strong affinity to our J. multipenn from Lord Auckland’s group; but then in the structure of the leaves the cells are more minute, the leaves are € gibbous anteriorly, and the stipules have none of their seg- ments reflexed, but the central pair are far more slender à incurved. bd dx c Ee EE i crie i o D ehe o ME ir A408 HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA. 471 38. J. secundifolia, n. sp.; caule subcespitoso procum- bente subramoso, folis imbricatis erectis secundis oblongis emarginato-bifidis, segmentis lanceolatis integerrimis, stipulis bipartitis segmentis incqualiter bipartitis laciniis subulato- setaceis, calyce terminali oblongo nigun, ore trilaciniato laciniis dentatis. Has. Falkland Islands. Patches growing among Musci, small, pale olive-green. Stems scarcely half an inch long adscending, but the top of the shoot soon becoming supine and radicating. Leaves much imbricated, when moistened secund. Stipules con- Spicuous, with incurved setaceous segments. Calyx large, with three sides, of which the inferior is the widest; its mouth is ciliato-dentate. This comes near the European J. bidentata L. and J. heterophylla Schrad., but differs from both by its closely imbricated and secund leaves, as as the entire segments of the stipules. 39. J. trachyopa, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente ra- moso, foliis imbricatis erectis rotundato-quadratis apice tri- fidis ceeterum integerrimis, stipulis latè ovatis bifidis seg- mentis acuminatis, calyce terminali oblongo trigono, ore laciniato dentato. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. A minute patch only was observed, growing from under a lobe of Anthoccros punctatus L., very pale green. Stems scarcely half an inch long, irregularly branched. Leaves closely imbricated, haying three or four large teeth, between which the emargination occurs. Calyx large in proportion to the diminutive size of the plant. Capsule oval. Pedicel about the length of the calyx. 40. J. leptantha, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente ra- moso, folis distichis complanatis subimbricatis erecto-pa- tentibus ovato-oblongis apice emarginatis elongate bidentatis integerrimis, stipulis minutis bipartitis segmentis subulatis *Xtus unilaciniatis, calyce terminali lineari-oblongo trigono 472 HEPATICZ ANTARCTIC. apice trifido, segmentis emarginato-bidentatis, subinteger- rimis. Has. Cape Horn. Patches wide, pale but dusky olive-green. Stems two inches long. Leaves scarcely imbricated, nearly patent, having a narrow neck previous to dividing into two subulato- setaceous segments with a very obtuse sinus between them. Stipules minute, about as wide as the stem. Pericheetial leaves erect, the two lateral dentate as well as emarginate, the third or stipular bifid, entire. Pedicel one inch long. Capsule oval. The Lophocolee of Southern Regions are very closely related, yet very minute but constant marks of discrimination may be detected between them. The present differs from our J. secundifolia, by the leaves being complanate, not secund ; from our J. diademata, by the less patent leaves, and from our J. physanthe, by the elongated calyx; and from all three by the segments of the mouth of the calyx being emarginato-bidentate. 41. J. humifusa, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente ra- moso, folis approximatis erecto-patentibus complanatis ob- longis antice gibbosis emarginato-dentatis cceterum integer- rimis, stipulis bipartitis segmentis subulato-setaceis extus unidentatis. Has. Kerguelen's Island. Patches wide, very pale green. Stems about an inch long; irregularly branched. Leaves approximated, but not imbri- cated, having broad decurrent bases; their emargination 1S very irregular, especially in the inequality of the segments. Stipules sometimes with a setaceous process at each side run- ning back from their insertion along the stems. This approaches nearest to our J. leptantha, from Cape Horn. Its leaves are more erect, have larger cells, their — emargination is more irregular, their bases wider and more decurrent, while the stipules have their segments mo? — setaceous. HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA. 473 42. J. subviridis, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso prostrato ramoso, foliis laxis secundis erecto-patentibus obovatis emarginato- bifidis segmentis obtusiusculis, margine anteriori gibboso, stipulis ovatis bifidis utrinque unidentatis. Has. Cape Horn. ; Tufts two or more inches wide, very pale green when moistened. Stems scarcely half an inch long, decumbent, their tops ascending. Leaves scarcely touching one another, the anterior margin having the greater curvature, they ap- pear bulging upwards; substance dense. is species closely approximates to the L. discedens, Nees, but the leaves are shorter, wider, with a deeper sinus and more acute segments, and the stipules are not so slender, (Chiloscyphus, Nees v. Esenbeck). 43. J. pallido-virens, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente subramoso, folis subimbricatis patentibus oblongis apice subemarginatis ceterum integerrimis, margine anteriore re- curvo, stipulis minutis oblongis bifidis, segmentis subulatis extus unidentatis, calyce in ramo brevi terminali oblongo trigono subcompresso apice laciniato-ciliato. Has. Cape Horn. Patches wide, pale yellowish-green, by exposure turning dark brown. Stems two inches long, sparingly divided; shoots nearly one tenth of an inch wide. Leaves minutely cellular, loosely imbricated, erecto-patent, their tops either rounded or truncate, having a single obscure tooth or, what is more common, a shallow emargination; the leaves are connected by the intervention of the stipule. This is minute, not above half as wide as the stem, concave, oblong, with Setaceous segments, each bearing exteriorly a shorter seta- ceous tooth. The perichetium is a short branch of two or three pairs of erect adpressed leaves, of which the innermost has four or five lacinize. Calyx oblong bell-shaped, baving a deep division on one side. This most resembles the Chiloscyphus Endlicherianus 474 HEPATICJE ANTARCTICA. Nees, from Norfolk Island, yet differs by its greater size, the less rounded tops of the leaves, their more convex figure, their margins without minute and narrow teeth, and by the stipule less laciniated. 44. J. grandifolia, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente subsimplici, surculis complanatis, foliis imbricatis patentibus quadrato-rotundatis antice gibbosis atque margine recurvis integerrimis, stipulis minutis laciniato-dentatis. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Stems four inches long and one eighth of an inch wide, pale green above, reddish-brown beneath. Leaves large, in two ranks, their upper margin is recurved, the lower not at all decurrent. In some instances the stipule seemed to con- nect the opposite pairs of leaves, but more commonly this connexion was not to be traced. This is the largest of the tribe of Chiloscyphus of Nees 5 the disproportion between its great leaves and minute stl- pules being very remarkable. It may be known from the preceding by the broader and shorter leaves, their larger cells and more laciniated stipules. 45. J. fusco-virens, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente subramoso, surculis adscendentibus, foliis imbricatis verticali- bus patentibus secundis rotundatis integerrimis, stipulis bi- partitis, segmentis setaceis extus unidentatis, calyce in ramo brevi terminali oblongo-campanulato subplicato, ore sub- laciniato. Has. Cape Horn. : Patches small, dark reddish-brown, young shoots greenish. Stems two inches long, sending down densely set roots from their entire length. Leaves flattish, nearly meeting from the © opposite sides, Stipules with a very short base, with tw? long subulate or setaceous segments, each of which bears On its outer side a similar but shorter segment. Calyces often two or more together, paler than the leaves. Pedicel nearl one inch long. Capsule. oblongo-rotundate. p^ This species has many features common to our J, australis — from Campbell Island; but it is a smaller plant and of 2 HEPATIC ANTARCTICA. 475 darker colour; the principal distinctive mark, however, lies in the stipules, which have far narrower segments. From the following it is distinguished by its greater size, by the leaves not being connate to the stipule, and by their larger cellules. 46. J. surrepens, n. sp.; caule disperso repente simplici, folis imbricatis patentibus rotundatis integerrimis, stipula ovata subquadrifida connatis. Han. Cape Horn, on J. Magellanica, Lam. Stems usually single, supine, brownish-white. Each oppo- Site pair of leaves is connected behind by the stipule, and in front so exactly meet that it is difficult to say if they are united or not. Stipule not wider than the stem, ovate, bifid, with subulate segments that have each exteriorly a consi- derable spike. (Lepidozea, Nees v. Esenbeck). 47. J. tetradactyla, n. sp.; described from Lord Auck- land’s group. Has. Hermite Island, Cie Horn.. 48. J. oligophylla, Nees, Lind. et Gottsche, Synops. Hepat. Has. Cape Horn. (Mastigophora, Nees v. Esenbeck). 49. J. hirsuta, Nees. Has. Falkland Islands ; Hermite Island, Cape Horn. (Radula, Nees v. Esenbeck). 50. J. Helix, n. sp.; caule implexo repente ramoso, foliis alternis remotis concavissimis integerrimis, lobo superiori ovato-oblongo obtuso inferiori ovali tumido involuto apice subacuto reflexo atque lobo superiori adpresso. Has. On J. colorata, L. et L. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Patches scarcely one quarter of an inch wide, yet conspi- cuous from their bright straw colour, contrasted with the dark purple of the Jungermannia on which it grows, Leaves 476 HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. few, alternate, distant except at the very summit of the stem, in figure not unlike Helix putris, L. | The present can scarcely be confounded with any other of the Radule of Nees, on account of its minuteness, its colour and its tumid leaves. 51. J. flavifolia, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente ra- moso, foliis imbricatis concavis patentibus integerrimis, lobo superiori ovato acutiusculo, inferiori elliptico involuto uni- dentato, calyce terminali ex angusta basi lineari-oblongo, compresso truncato integerrimo. Has. On J. uncialis (nob.), Cape Horn. Patches minute, of a lively pale yellow colour. Stems scarcely one quarter of an inch long, irregularly branched ; branches patent. Leaves closely imbricated, very concave, the top of the upper lobe frequently incurved, hence its being acute may escape notice; the lower lobe with a re- markable tooth at its outer termination, the rest incurved. Perichetial leaves longer than the cauline and more patent, the inner one with a flat oblong and rounded summit. The narrow base of the calyx taper, and scarcely covered by the perichetium. Capsule spherical or nearly so, pale brown. Perigonia are terminal, whitish, linear spikes, with closely imbricated tumid short leaves, leaving a channel in the mid- dle of the spike along the stem. The acute and concave upper lobe of the leaf, and the minuteness of this species will readily distinguish it from every other known. (Frullania, Nees v. Esenbeck). 52. J. Magellanica, Lamarck, Encycl. Bot. v. 3, p. 28. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. 53. J. lobulata, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 119. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. 54. Menziesii, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 118. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. (Lejeunia, Sprengel). 55. J. subintegr a, n. Sp.; caule ceespitoso mil HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA, 477 elongato subsimplici, foliis subimbricatis erectiusculis inte- gerrimis, lobo superiori oblongo-rotundato, inferiori minuto ovato involuto, stipulis majoribus ovatis acutis, summo apice fissis. Has. Falkland Islands. Patches several inches wide, pale olive-green. Stems nearly one inch long, usually simple, much elongated. Leaves amplexicaul, nearly erect, concave. Stipules large in proportion to the leaves, their fissures at their tops only visible when pressed in water and viewed with a lens. We are not acquainted with any other species with sti- pules so large, relatively to the size of the plant; nor one in which the fissure at their summits is so inconsiderable. 56. J. parasitica, n. sp.; caule subimplexo procumbente ra- moso, foliis subapproximatis patentibus concavis integer- rimis, lobo superiori triangulari-ovato acuto, acuminibus antice curvatis, inferiori oblongo involuto, stipulis mi- nutis bilobis lobis rotundatis integerrimis. | Has. On J. uncialis (nob.), Cape Horn. Par Stems dispersed over the surface of other vigili, not distinctly visible to the naked eye, scarcely one-tenth of an inch long, irregularly branched. Leaves rather distinct, patent, their bases wide, their acute summits pointing for- wards, the lower lobe slightly waved at its involute margin. Stipules scarcely wider than the stems, very pale green, their segments rounded and entire. It is interesting to observe how closely the present re- sembles the Irish J. ovata, n. sp., a parasite, equally minute and with stipules exactly similar. It differs, principally, by its shorter leaves with wider bases and more acute tops, more distantly placed ; besides, the colour of the plant is paler, the cells of the leaves more minute, and consequently their structure more dense. (Noteroclada, Tayl.) Char. Gen. Involucrum ex frondis terminatione concava, tumida conflatum, apice libero bilobum. Capsula quadri- 478 HEPATICA ANTARCTICA. valvis aut abnormiter disrumpens, seta suffulta. Hlateres spirales seminibus immixti. -Anthere frondi immerse. Frons pinnatim lobata. Stirpes inter Jungermannias foliosas atque frondosas medie, his tamen multum affiniores. 57. J. confluens, n. sp. Has. Cape Horn. Kerguelen’s Island. Long since re- ceived from Sir William Hooker, collected by Gardner in Brazil. Mr. Wilson has also found it in Dr. Hooker’s collection of Musci from the Falkland Islands. Fronds about two inches long, of a dusky green, in flat patches, linear; by transmitted light a reddish longitudinal axis may be observed. Lobes complanate, erecto-patent, somewhat imbricated, oblong; rotundate, entire, the cells large, their substance carnose yet thin. Involucrum formed of the hollow and swoln extremity of the frond, projecting, however, beyond it in a bilabiate top, lips submarginate. Capsule rotundato-ovate, usually irregularly dehiscent. In the young capsule seeds were observed, four joined together within the same transparent and colourless integument. Elateres very short, curled. Pedicel one inch long or a little more. The calyptra, irregularly burst and bearing a style on its summit, remains at the bottom of the involucrum. The anthers oblong-ovate are half buried in the substance of the frond, in a double, longitudinal series, pressed; they pour out a white oleaginous fluid. On the involucre or calyx, which curves upwards, are ob- servable two parallel, slightly raised, dentate wings. : This genus approaches the Fossombronia of Nees; but the structure of its involucre, in a great measure formed of the extremity of the frond, is quite dissimilar; so is the hor zontal position of the lobes. (Diplolena, Nees v. Esenbeck). 58. J. pisicolor, n. sp.; fronde laxe cæspitosa erecta dicho- toma, lobis linearibus concaviusculis obtusis emarginatis - uninerviis integerrimis. | Has. Cape Horn. HEPATICU ANTARCTICA, 479 Fronds nearly three inches high, pea-green in the younger and upper part, blackish below, two or three times dichoto- mous ; the nerve in the dried state is very thin and whitish, but when the frond is thoroughly moistened, it swells and becomes of the same colour as the rest of the frond, while the lobes become concave or channelled ; the branches sepa- rate at an acute angle. New fronds issue from the sides of the old by a bursting of the cuticle of the latter; such new shoots have rounded bases, which immediately send down roots; probably they separate in time, and continue an inde- . pendent existence. From our J. tenuinervis of New Zealand, the present may be known by its yellower green colour, its narrower lobes, which, too, are more elongated, by its taller size, but above all by its erect growth, in which respect, too, it widely "ym from its congeners, J. Hibernica Hook. and J. Lyellii ook. (Aneura, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 59. J. multifida, L. reed Has. Falkland Islands. Cape Horn. 60. J. pinguis, L. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. 61. J. alcicornis, n. sp.; fronde cespitosa erecta lineari al- — ternatim atque bipinnatim lobata, lobulis, linearibus brevi- bus subtruncatis, calyptris lateralibus linearibus albidis scabrosis, apice laceris. Han. Cape Horn. Fronds tufted among other Hepatice, or Musci about one inch high; the younger parts of a lively grass-green, the lower and older brownish, and turning black in drying. The lobules rise to nearly the same level, consequently the lower branches have a dichotomous appearance ; the lobes. are widest where they are about to divide into lobules ; these are linear, short, and end abruptly. The Calyptre issue from the sides of the plant, and rise to such a height that their tops come on a level with the tufts of fronds ; the calyptre are very long, pale, carnose, and rough with projecting 480 HEPATICZ ANTARCTICA. points. Pedicel about half an inch long. Capsule cylin- drical. This species is allied to J. palmata (Hoffm) but is far. more compounded in its divisions, which are pinnate and not palmate, the lobules are far narrower, and the ca/ypíre are borne higher up on the frond. (Metzgeria, Nees v. Esenbeck). 62. J. furcata, L. Has. St. Martin's Cove, Cape Horn. 63. J. prehensilis, n. sp.; fronde laxe ccespitosa erecta in- curva alata ; lobis alternis secundis pinnatis, pinnulis planis linearibus crassinerviis calyptra ex angusta basi elongato- obovata basi squamifera, perigoniis clavatis. Has. Hermite Island. Cape Horn. Fronds loosely tufted, with broad hooked tops, the stem flat, brown, pubescent, the pinnules are smoother and of a pale olive-green. The calyptre are brown, rough, and have at their bases a few variously laciniated scales, they occur - towards the top of the plant at the base of the upper lobe, and on its inferior side, hence they are concealed as it were by the claws of the plant; sometimes two occur together. The perigonia are in similar situations, but upon different plants, they are clavate, and consist of a lobe, with its pim- nules incurved and grasping each a large, spherical, pedicel lated anther, bt The nearest ally to our plant, is J. eriscaula (Hook.) but which is of a darker green colour, has the frond tripinnates — the pinnules narrower, the entire frond more elongated ano. supplied with more lobes. : (Fossombronia). 64. J. pusilla, L. Has. Kerguelen’s Island. Mancnaxuria, L. 65. M. polymorpha, L. ` qi Has. Falkland Islands. Cape Horn. Kerguelen's Island: | BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 481 ANTHOCEROS, L. 66. A. punctata, L. Has. Hermite Island. Cape Horn. — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Extract of a Letter from Mr. GARDNER on his Voyage to Ceylon. On Board the Barque ** Morning Star,” between the Mauritius and Ceylon (Lat. 4° 46/ S., Long. 67° 41/ E.) March 6, 1844. My pear Sır WiLLIAM, .. A few days after our arrival at the Mauritius, I did myself the pleasure of sending a few hurried lines to you by a vessel which sailed for London. We remained nearly three weeks at the Island, but as it rained heavily every day, with the €xception of some three or four, I was prevented from making any lengthened botanical excursions. Indeed, ex- cepting a few short walks in the immediate neighbourhood of Port Louis, I may say that I only made two, both of which have yielded many novelties to my herbarium. The flowering plants which I collected amount to above one hun- dred and twelve, and the ferns to upwards of forty. These have all dried remarkably well, notwithstanding that the rains have been both constant and heavy, and that the pro- fess has been accomplished on board ship. Mr. Bojer was kind enough to allow me to look over his collection of Ferns, and to give me specimens of all those of which he had du- Plicates to spare. These I find amount to upwards of one hundred and twenty species. They are principally Mauritian, a few only being from Madagascar and Bourbon. When I wrote to you, I had not then seen Mr. Newman, who resides near the Botanic Garden, which is at Pamplemousses, about seven miles from Port Louis. The garden is large, and being an old one, contains many fine large specimens of Indian trees VOL, 111, 2n 489 BOTANICAL INFORMATION, and palms. Many of these were planted by Poivre, who I believe was the founder of it. It appeared to me, however, to be kept in very bad order, the greater part of it more re- sembling a jungle than a Botanic garden. Some of the finest plants I observed in it are those which M. Bojer in- troduced to the island from Madagascar. One of these is the remarkable Bignonia articulata, Lam. Two others which grow to the size of trees are the Colvillea racemosa and Poinciana regia, which have now become common in the island, and are its greatest ornaments. I take plants of both of them to Ceylon with me, along with many other things which Mr. Newman put up for me in a Ward's case. He possesses growing plants of the curious Hydrogeton fene- stralis, The so-called tombs of Paul and Virginia being only at a short distance from the Garden, I visited them, and found near them a few plants that interested me very much. One of these is the Pederia sessiliflora, which I afterwards found to be very common even high upon the mountains. One day Mr. Newman accompanied me on an excursion to a range of hills about four miles distant from the Garden, called Bonamour, where I made a pretty large collection. The woods which cover these hills are compose of small trees, a very few only of which were in flower, as the rainy season had set in buta short time before our ar- rival. In the more shady places, the ground and the trunks of the trees were covered with ferns, consisting of Drynaria vulgaris, which grew in the greatest abundance, i i rhizophorum, fine plants of Asplenium Nidus-Avis, a handsome species of Smith's new genus Isotoma, a simple-leaved P oly- podium, Pteris lanuginosa et hastata, a Vittaria, a Nephr olepiss very like one of my Brazilian ones, Aspidium propinguum» a creeping Lycopodium, and a Mertensia. On the stems — the trees I found a few kinds of Orchidee, one of them Am. grecum aphyllum, a most remarkable plant, but not in flower - The others, though in flower, I am unable to determine, 7°" not having my books at hand. One of them, however, I canne" BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 483 help thinking is my old Brazilian acquaintance, Polystachia luteola. Mr. Newman had once found Ophioglossum pendu- lum at this place, but could not again meet with it. Itis a rare plant, but I have a specimen of it among the ferns I received from M. Bojer. Among the flowering plants I met with here, I may mention the beautiful Ochna Mauri- tiana, Hugonia serrata, a Mussenda, a Gertnera, two spe- cies of Memecylon, several species of Jossinia, and a few Rubiacee. Near Pamplemousses I found all the ponds covered with the floating leaves and beautiful blue flowers of the Nymphea stellata. My second excursion was, however, by far the most inte- resting. This was to the summit of the mountain called La Pouce, which stands at the head of a valley which runs inland from Port Louis a few miles, and which rises to the height of two thousand six hundred feet above the level of the sea, The vegetation on this mountain may very natur- ally be divided into three regions. The first, which reaches tothe height of about one thousand eight hundred, is the least interesting portion. The plants which appeared to be the most abundant on it, were the following: An Acacia very like 4. Farnesiana, but not in flower, Rhamnus lucidus, a Celastrus? Clerodendrum heterophyllum, two species of Diospyros, Quivisia heterophylla, great abundance of Jas- minum Mauritianum, Erythroxylum hypericifolium, Ehretia peliolaris, Dodonea salicifolia, a Prockia, an Eugenia, Pteris lanuginosa, and Adiantum rhizophorum. The second region 18 comparatively flat being perhaps about a mile in length, It is much better wooded, and is very rich in plants, particu- larly ferns, and on the whole reminds me very much of some Parts of the Corcovado mountain near Rio, only that they are much smaller, I cannot of course, name all the ferns in mean time that I met with here; but among others, I may mention the following: Davallia tenuifolia, which is a Most beautiful plant when growing in a mass. It covered Many yards of the banks of a small stream, the latter being as common here as it is on the mountains around Rio 2N 2 484 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. de Janeiro, Ochropters pallens (the old Adiantum pallens) Polypodium crinitum, and several other species. The beau- tiful Callipteris prolifera, Cyathea excelsa et canaliculata, both tall tree ferns, several fine kinds of Asplenium, one of them A. macrophyllum, a small Trichomanes, several species of the different sections of Aspidium, a Lomaria, two simple- leaved kinds of Acrostichum, a Vittaria, &c. The flowering plants which I met with here were the following: Taberne- monta Mauritiana, a Gertnera in fruit, Rubus ros@folius, which is indeed common everywhere, even to the tops of the mountains, but which is said to have been introduced from Java by Commerson, two species of Erythrospermum, Dryopeia oppositifolia, Bletia sylvatica, Cynorchis fastigiata, Dracena Mauritiana, Adenostemma Mauritiana, &c. The upper part of the mountain is very much peaked, has a vegetation quite another cast, but very few of the plants were in flower. They are mostly shrubs from two to three feet high. The following are such as I have been able to determine: à Salaxis, Distephanus populifolius, Gnaphalium multicaule, Lam., Cylindrocline Commersonii, a Prockia, Geniostoma parvifolia, Boj. &c. The herbaceous plants which I found here were a Gnaphalium, an Hypozis, a Mariscus, and Rott- bellia complanata, which grows everywhere, from the sea level to the summit of the mountain. cam On this excursion I was only accompanied by one m fellow passengers. The day was one of the finest that 0% — curred during our stay in the Mauritius, and we had conse- ue quently from the summit of the mountain a view of th 3 greater part of the island. The country inland presents à c vast valley, quite flat; and about from eight to ten miles in = diameter, surrounded on all sides by high mountains. H : all others of volcanic origin, these are very | E peaked. One of them is the celebrated Pieter Both. - M : Lesson has well observed, that the great valley above men- tioned has evidently at one period formed the basin of an immense crater, and that the mountains which surround it constituted its walls. The first sight of it evident]; í BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 485 to my recollection Mr. Douglas’s graphic description of the immense crater of Mouna Roa in the Sandwich Islands. How many ages must have passed away since the Mauritian Valley was filled with boiling lava! G. GARDNER. Extract of a Letter from RowALD Gunn, Eso. Van Diemen’s Land. During February, 1843, I had occasion to ascend the Western Mountains of this Island, and go over the same ground as that described by Mr. R. W. Laurence in his Ex- cursion, published in Vor. 1. of your Botanical Journal, page 235, and as I may clear up some of the points men- tioned in it, I at once do so. I believe I am rather a better walker than my old friend, as I find I accomplished in one day what took him three. Under Jan. 17.—His “ Mountain Bird" is Coronica fulig- inosa, trailing Exocarpus is E. humifusa. Creeping aphyllous shrub is Bossiea ensata, var., my 1059, or a new sp. allied to it, but I can detect no difference. Under Jan. 18.—The Veronica is my no. 269; common also on Mount Wellington. Under Jan. 19.—' Two of the three lakes seen by Mr. Laurence are not * Arthur's Lakes," but very small ones, indeed still unnamed. He did not see the most western Arthur's Lake (there are two) which is a very large sheet of Water. Under Jan. 20.— It is Cider, not Cedar, tree, mentioned by Mr. Laurence. My ramble over the same country yielded me a richer har- Vest, although at an unfavourable season and when I had other üsiness on hand; since I was looking out for a summer sheep- Walk in that elevated region, and for which it is well suited from its vicinity to Formosa. Arthur’s Lakes are 3,388 feet ve the level of the sea, and the country towards the 486 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Peaks, mentioned by Mr. Laurence, gradually ascends until I should suppose the summits of the peaks themselves to be upwards of 4,000 feet. I annex some short notes of my trip. On 16th Feb. 1843, I ascended the Western Mountains from Formosa, course south-west, and reached the summit in four hours’ smart walking and climbing. Formosa is 806 feet above the sea, and the mountains where I ascended about 3,800 feet. At the base of the mountains the forest consisted of Eucalyptus, Casuarina quadrivalvis, Banksia aus- tralis, Acacia dealbata (n. 476) and Exocarpus cupressiformis ; but, as I ascended, the Casuarina first disappeared, then the Exocarpus, and finally, at about 1,500 feet, the Acacia de- albata and Banksia. The Banksia subsequently re-appeared on the summit, near Arthur’s Lakes, but none of the others. Above the sandstone rock, which underlies the trap, (of which the whole of the mountains are composed) at an alti- tude of 1,500 to 2,500 feet, I saw Bedfordia salicina, Eurybia glandulosa, the latter in flower in wet places, Ri scapigerus, Pultenea, No. 668, Lomatia tinctoria, in full flower, Lobelia simplicicaulis in flower, Stackhousia monogyna in fruit to the top of the mountains, Friesia peduncularis, Co- prosma hirtella and nitida, Geranium potentilloides and the ! sub-alpine plants, but very few were in flower at this per! of the year. Close to the top Rubus Gunnianus became abun- dant, and the Telopea truncata, Orites revoluta, and other shrubs, for the first time appeared. The only animal by us on our way up was a large wombat (Phascolomys)- : The prevailing winds on the top of the mountains are westerly, and the minute you reach the top an extensive country opens before you as far as the eye can reach. Un less you look backwards on what appears to be an extensive plain 30 to 40 miles wide and of indefinite length 3000 feet below you, you would suppose you were still in aflat country : and which in reality it is. 'The whole line of country HE : the Derwent at New Norfolk rises gradually and umpere T. tibly towards the north where the Rivers Ouse, Shannon ^. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 487 Clyde take their rise and proceeding a little farther north- wards, the mountains terminate in precipitous cliffs, 4000 ft. above the settled country just below. Dry’s Bluff which is the north east point is 4600 feet high, and the range keeps nearly an equal altitude for 30 miles westward. To the south-east of that Bluff, it gradually runs off towards Oat- lands, which is 1308 feet high, where it ceases to have the appearance of a range of mountains. Immediately, therefore on reaching the top you become exposed to the full force of the westerly wind, which is at that altitude cold even in the height of summer, as compared to the temperature you had been enjoying in your ascent on the lee side of the range. The character of the vegetation also changes in a few yards; the Eucalypti are stunted and crooked, shewing the marks of strong winds. The shrubs cling close to the surfaces of the rocks, and in sheltered gullies and small valleys alone do the plants venture to erect themselves in their natural position. I as- cended close to the base of the Peaks mentioned by Mr. Laurence which must be upwards of 4000 feet high; the points of the peaks being a few hundred feet above the rest of the mountain top. I found the country sloped gradually towards the south and I followed one of the long, narrow plains which characterises this part of the mountains in that direction, in search of water; seven head of wild cattle were disturbed by our presence and ran rapidly off towards the south, where we followed. I never had seen the top of any of our mountains more dry, and it was not until after a diligent search for 3 to 4 miles that we found some welcome pools. Here we bivouacked for the night. At 6 P.m., therm. in the air, 49°., in the water 56°., wind S.W. From this point the Eastern Arthurs Lake, bore S.E. by S., distant about 6 miles, 17th Feb. Therm. 6 a.m. in air 46°, in water 49°.—Whilst my breakfast was being cooked I rambled a few yards round. I here perceived my two varieties of Beckia micrantha (Nos. 306 and 815), which I at one time supposed to be distinct Species, were in reality mere varieties. Orites revoluta in fruit. Viola hederacea and betonicifolia, Acacia siculeformis 488 |. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. was abundant in fruit, Cryptandra, 716,in flower. Mono- toca empetrifolia ? (my 715) in lower, and many other plants common in our mountains. In walking towards Arthur's Lake, as indeed I had passed yesterday, Callistemon viridi- florum was common but seemed stunted. Hymenanthera angustifolia, or a plant very similar to it, covered some rocks close to my bivouack, but I could discover no flowers. If it is the Hymenanthera, it certainly assumed a habit very different to its usual one. In walking onwards I recognized some of my friends of the low country such as Mniarum pedunculatum, Wahlenbergia gracilis, Eriochilus autumnalis, Linum angustifolium, Pelargonium sp., Stylidium, and some few others, which certainly looked out of their place or like Exotics amongst their alpine brethren. Veronica, 269, was common. Ozylobium ellipticum was a very small shrub with small leaves, a foot high, very different to its aspect on the sides of the mountains, where it is a large shrub 5 to 6 feet high. In rocky places Acacia, n. 207, was common, as Bossiea ensata? 1059, Lomatia tinctoria covered large patches of ground as a social plant in fall flower, the blos- soms something like the Hawthorn and the Banksia 8 to 10 feet high, was in flower. : Running into Eastern Arthur's Lake is a fine stream ealled *'Tumble-down Creek,” from the water undermining 1ts banks. Its course could be traced for miles, whilst walking on the plains which skirted its margins, by the borders of pale green coloured Oritina acicularis of Brown, (285); and Orites revoluta, (which have when growing the same colour as the dried specimens) and which are in the greatest profusion along its bank, growing to the height of 5 or 6 feet. These with Leptospermum rupestre, Backia micrantha, Pilitis acerosa, Dracophyllum (292 and 859) of two species, SPrer- - gelia incarnata or montana ? Tasmania aromatica, Baccharis lepidophylla ? (123), Bellendena montana, Pimelea sericea, and various other plants, formed a dense and in many places almost impenetrable thicket. cup Close to the northern side of Arthur’s Lake I found a —' BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 489 shepherd's station, and was subsequently astonished to learn, that in that remote part, which at Mr. R. W. Lau- rence's visit was deemed almost valueless for stock, there are now within a few miles six or seven persons who send Stock to depasture during the summer months; viz., from December to April, after the sheep are shorn. At this time, twelve thousand sheep and about two hundred head of cattle occupied the vicinity of Arthur’s Lakes. At the Great Lake, afew miles west, many thousands more were depastured. A very small portion of the land is granted yet; the greater part being occupied by squatters who pay the government a few pounds a year as rent for a certain number of acres; but as no fences are erected, eacb person usually rents about five hundred acres, but occupies two or three thousand. The practice with many is to erect a hut of sods, covered with Eucalyptus bark, thatched with grass, of a very primitive form, about November; or, if they occupied the ground, the pre- vious season, repair the old hut, and immediately after sheep- shearing in December, the sheep are sent up with two shep- herds per thousand sheep, and a cart with four months? supply of flour, tea, sugar and tobacco. Meat is obtained from the flock. When the weather indicates the approach of winter, about April, the flocks are removed to the low country, where the pasture begins to spring and the country to look green after the first autumn rains. Close to the shepherd’s hut I pitched my small tent, and as I was looking out for an unoccupied piece of ground as a sheep station for next season, I was not disposed to extend my rambles many miles farther from Formosa than I could help, and therefore made this my centre of observation. I walked to the Eastern Arthur’s Lake about half a mile distant. It is a fine sheet of water which I judged to be about fifteen miles in circumference. On its margin Drosera binata, and no. 784, very abundant and close to the edge, yet in the water, where sheltered from the waves, Villarsia reniformis, 717, grew in profusion, but the cattle had eaten off almost every flower. Isoetes setacea? formed small clumps, two or 490 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. three feet in diameter, in all directions, and the edge of the water was strewed with half decayed plants of it washed up by the waters. All the larger trees of Eucalyptus, close to the lake were dead, as also the Leptospermum on the margin, and Iam informed all these trees extending more or less irregularly for forty miles, were killed by a severe frost in the winter of 1837. I have the less reason to doubt the fact as in many places the trees, where less injured, were throwing out shoots from the trunk. The small spray of the branches remained as when the leaves dropped off, and I could perceive no marks of fire. Many thousands of kanga- roos were destroyed the same winter from the snow covering the ground for an unusual period. During the day my dogs killed a brush kangaroo (Halma- turus Bennettii), it had a very young one, not an inch long, attached to one of its nipples in the pouch; two larger nipples being unoccupied. The tail of the young one was doubled up between its hind legs, the eyes were merely in- dicated by two translucent dots arid the mouth and nostrils alone seemed perfect. Brush kangaroos are plentiful on the mountains, but the high price given for their skins will rapidly exterminate them. All the boots and shoes for ladies and gentlemen are made of kangaroo skin. Forest kangaroos (Macropus major) exist on the mountains, but are now very rare; they are the only gregarious species in Van Diemen’s Land. The other animals on the mountains are the same as those on the low country, at least I found the Thylacinus, Diabolus, Phascolomys, Didelphis 2 sp» Phalangista of one or two species, and our Fauna does nof boast of many more. The Ornithorhynchus was plentiful e the mouth of Tumble-down Creek and in other ponds and places where the banks overhung the water and were of a material to admit of being easily penetrated by their burrows: I obtained from this place in a few days upwards of thirty specimens! and I have no doubt I should have had as many more, had I not found it necessary to stop the reward I of- T. feredfor them. The Ornithorhynchus comes out in the twr — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 491 light and after dusk, and may then be shot by an expert marksman, but as the only spot visible above water is the nose and eyes, the heads get much damaged by the shot. I had one of them alive, but it seemed stupid and miserable out of the water. For many miles north of Arthur's Lake a species of Euca- lyptus which yields what is called Cider is the prevailing one, and I believe it was more or less abundant in all the moun- tainous region previous to the severe frost already alluded to, which killed almost every tree in that part of the island. About Lake Arthur many are killed and most of the others more or lessinjured. "This species (my n. 1084) is a handsome grow- ing tree not usually more than 40 to 50 feet high, often less, but remarkably robust and umbrageous for one of the genus, branching from within a few feet of the ground. "The bark is deciduous, blackish brown and white, sometimes smooth, but generally rough near the bush. The shepherds and stock- keepers look out for trees which indicate by some injury in the bark a flow of the sap externally or, as they call it, “a spring,” they then with an axe cut into the tree about 5 or 6 inches, inclining the cut downwards so as to hold about a pint. The sap flows into this hole both from above and below, and when first made fills at least once a day, but later in the season, yields less or ceases altogether. The sap is lifted out with a spoon into any vessel and drank as it comes from the tree. Some trees yield it of a very thin con- sistency and slightly acid, others again yield a sweeter juice as thick as syrup, and very sweet; a tree is on tap for six weeks or two months. The effect at first to many who drink it is slightly aperient, but it ceases afterwards. It has never been obtained in any quantity or applied to any useful pur- pose. I brought a bottle of it with me, but two or three days after reaching home it fermented, blew out the cork and a large portion of it was lost. I have now sent two bottles of it to Dr. Robert Brown, and requested him to furnish you with some. 492 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 18 Feb. Them. in air, } to 7 A.M. 519. in the small rivulet, 539.— Started to see the country lying between my tent and the Great Lake. Kept well to the south in our course, so as to sight the Western Arthur's Lake which is very large and quite equal to the Eastern one. From the south side of the Western Lake, the Lake River takes its rise and after flowing through a gorge in the mountains runs past Formosa, and joins the South Lake at Longford. The land between the two Lakes Arthur is low, being a narrow isthmus through which a small communication is kept up at all times. The country between Arthur’s Lakes and the great lake is barren, rugged and high. I found Pilitis acerosa and Dracophyllum, 292 and 859 everywhere, also various other Epacridee. Phe- balium montanum, Pultenea, n. 319, on the highest ground, Dracophyllum, no. 292, seems to prefer the highest and most exposed places forming small round bushes so dense, that a bird could not penetrate into many of them. It is called * Honey Plant” by the people there who say that the flowers contain a large quantity of honey. In three and a half hours from starting, I reached-a rising ground close over the Great Lake, which is certainly an immense and beautiful sheet of water; but the scenery in its vicinity was tame and did not possess one half the beauty of that on Lake St. Clair, which I visited two years before. The Great Lake has its flocks and herds in the summer time, but is abandoned in winter; its altitude above the sea is 3822 feet, and the lake itself is about sixteen miles long and five miles broad, almost divided into two, near the middle, by two projecting points of land which approach one another sufficiently close to admit of people fording across in the summer season. ` . We took a more direct course, however, about due east, and reached our tent pretty tired. In one of the vallies I saw the Bedfordia linearis, Ozothamnus, n. 240, and a new plant in Umbellifere, no. 1253. ; 19th Feb. halfpast six a.m. Therm. in air 49°; in rivulet 49°. Morning clear and sunny. Walked eight or ten BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 493 miles towards the north to ascend the summit of “ Brady's Look-out.” the peak which Mr. Laurence was unable to ascend. It is the highest land in that quarter. After a very fatiguing excursion, 4s all our feet were swollen from the severe walking on hard stony ground, we got safely to the top. On my way I saw a novelty among the plants ; Helichrysum acu- minatum? n. 944, covered the ground with a golden carpet, and I loaded myself with specimens ; but a few minutes after gathering I found all the flowers had closed up, and their beauty in a great measure lost. On the top of the peak I proceeded to take the bearings of Mount Wellington at Hobart Town, and other distant points, which were visible from my elevated station ; but you may judge my surprise when I found that my pocket com- pass, placed on the rock, indicated Mount Wellington to be atleast ninety degrees from where I knew it ought to be. On taking my compass off the rock I then found that the Green-stone of which the hill was composed was highly ‘Magnetic, with polarity. I then placed my compass on the top of my walking stick,*(which has an iron blade screwed into the lower end for digging plants) and took thé correct bearings, On the bare rocks of “ Brady's Look-out" my no. 322, of Composite, was very abundant. After setting fire to the brushwood on the side of the peak, I started toward Lake Arthur. A small snake was illed as we set out, and I only saw another during my trip. I was told that there are some of large size on the mountains, which I think possible, but I did not see any. By a large Size 1 mean five to six feet in length, which is large for a Tasmanian snake. About two miles from Lake Arthur I fame upon what had been an aboriginal encampment; it consisted merely of strips of bark laid over prostrate logs of Wood, so as to project a little over. Under this slight shelter they used to lie with very small fires in front. The bark was taken off the trees by separating it from the wood near the » and then pulling it outwards. Some of the trees had notches cut in them by the blacks who had ascended them in 494 . BOTANICAL INFORMATION. search of opossums. I should suppose that this country would be a favourite resort of the aborigines, especially during the summer months, as kangaroos are plentiful. 20th Feb. Therm. in the air and shade, six. A. M. 49^; ditto in rivulet 530.—I started homewards this morning. On the side of the mountains in descending, I saw Veronica for- mosa, (527) V. labiata, Pimelea incana, and some other low country plants. The eastern side of the mountains being sheltered from the prevailing winds and rains, exhibits an entirely different vegetation to the western side at corres- ponding levels. The western side is comparatively level, grassy, and very wet; the eastern, very precipitous and rocky, without any water until you descend about 1,500 to 2,000 feet, when numerous springs run out from under the bases of rocks and stones which have fallen from the basaltic cliffs which crown the tier. Temp. of the springs 49° Fahrenheit. At Formosa I got into my gig, and reached Launceston in the evening, carrying in with me my collection of specimens. Besides the plants I have incidentally mentioned as on the top of the mountains, there are, amongst others— Ranunculas nanus, very abundant everywhere. Tetratheca, my no. 309. Pittosporum bicolor, var. ; my no. 651. Hypericum involutum, and pusillum. Geranium. potentilloides and brevicaule; on the top. parviflorus, common on the east sida to 3,000 feet up. Oxalis microphylla, sparingly. Lotus corniculatus, very common. Acacia siculeformis, plentiful ; but no other species what- ever. Acena Sanguisorbe. Epilobium montanum, and others. Leptospermum, 289. This is the largest species in y. D. L. growing 20 to 25 feet high, and with trunks 3 to 4 feetin ? BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 495 circumference. It is only seen in the higher parts of the colony from about 1,300 feet upwards, growing on the margins of streams. Coprosma nitida, and pumila. Composite, very various, and I may name— Celmisia longifolia ? Craspedia macrocephala. Cassinia, of different species. Podolepis, my no. 362. Ozothamnus, my no. 240. Helichrysum acuminatum, and various species of Brachy- come and allied genera. Forstera? sp. my no. 443, formsits large dense cushions only on the higher parts of the mountains, and ceases alto- gether near the level of Lakes Arthur. With Forstera are associated Aretia? (my no. 364) and various other plants. The cushions, as they are called, from their elasticity, smooth- ness, and form, are usually 2 to 4 feet in diameter, nearly round, rising about a foot high in the centre, and sloping off towards the edges. They spread by the edges, and the centres are sometimes decayed. The mountains may be called the deos of the Epacridee ; they abound both as to species and individuals. The species, however, peculiar to the alpine regions are not so numerous as at first sight they would appear; the — are— Monotoca empetrifolia. Decaspora thymifolia; and of the genera ogon Cyathodes and Pentachondra, I may quote Nos. 299, 197, 1192, 313, 314, 519, 1194, 124, 1195, 1196. Epacris, 316, 1210. Sprengelia montana. Pilitis acerosa, very abundant. Dracophyllum, Nos. 292, and 859. Gentiana montana, 1842, affects the higher parts of the Tange; and Villarsia, my 717, is in Lakes Ard Lake St. lair, and also at greater altitudes in still water. — ^. 496 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Gratiola pubescens ? my no. 724, is abundant as high as 3000 and probably higher. Veronica, 269, is plentiful in some places. Ourisia integrifolia, on the margins of the streams where shaded. Euphrasia, two or three species. Plantago, sp. Species of Grevillea, Hakea, Orites, Banksia, Lomatia, Telopia, and Bellendena, all above 3,400 feet. . Pimelea sericea was the only species I saw on the top. The Casuarine do not appear to approach the region of the Conifere, and I saw none of the Cassythacee, Cheno- podee, or Solanee, in the mountains. Of Orchidacee I saw very few, this being the rainy season. Eriochilus autumnalis. Prasophyllum alpinum ? and an orange coloured variety? of Diuris lanceolata. As all the specimens, however, were of one colour it may be another species. | Graminee are abundant in the open places about Arthur's Lakes, and are in greater or less quantity to the highest parts of the range. In all the lakes Isoetes setacea ? is abundant, or perhaps à new species. My collections will guide you as to the other alpine plants; but my present observations apply exclusively to that portion of the Western Mountains lying immediately to the north- ward of Arthur's Lakes, and above their level, as I did nof extend my ramble, on the top of the range below 3,388 ai : RowAnp GUNN. Note on the Ciner Tree, above noticed, by J. D. HooKER — M.D. R.N. F.L.S. It has long been known to the colonists of Tasmania that a species of Gum tree inhabits the elevated table-lands of the interior of that Island, which, during certain seasons of the BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 497 year, furnishes a copious supply of a cool refreshing liquid, called cider by the stock-keepers. This circumstance has given rise to the apellation of “ Cider tree," a name for several years known to naturalists, who were, however, till very recently, ignorant of the real nature of the tree in question. The first particular notice of it which, as far as I am aware, ever appeared in print, is contained in Ross's Hobart Town Almanack for the year 1835, where, in a list of the native plants chiefly drawn up by Mr. Backhouse, the Cider- tree is mentioned as a species of Eucalyptus growing in the higher parts of the Island, and on the tops of mountains. In Mr. Backhouse's valuable botanical notes on the Vegetation 9f Australia and Tasmania, that gentleman mentions it as not having been seen by him, and as producing a liquor resembling black beer, obtained by boring thetrunk. Lieut. Breton, in his “Notes of an Excursion in Tasmania,” printed in the Tasmanian Journal, at v. 2, p. 140, more par- ticularly notices this tree, and the method employed for collecting the sap. He says, “The shepherds and stock- keepers are in the habit of making deep incisions in the bark, wherever an exudation of the sap is perceived upon the bark, The holes are made in such a manner as to retain the sap which flows into them, and large enough to hold a pint. Each tree yields from half a pint to a pint daily, during December and J anuary ; but the quantity lessens in ry, and soon after ceases. The cider or sap of the tree has an agreeable subacid taste, and sometimes is of con- siderable consistency. It is said to have an aperient effect upon those who drink much of it.” During the stay of the Antarctic Expedition in Hobart own, Mr. Gunn showed me small specimens of the tree, Procured from a friend up the country, which, though imper- fect, evidently belonged to a new species of Eucalyptus. ing anxious myself to see, in its native habitat, a plant which is considered of no little importance in a colony where almost none of the vegetable productions afford either food VOL, III. 20 498 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. or refreshment to the traveller, I made an excursion to the centre of the Island in the month of October, 1840. Mr. Thompson of Marlborough kindly accompanied me to a small forest of these trees, which occupied several square miles of flat table land, intersected with marshes, at an ele- vation of 4,000 feet above the sea, and not far from Lake Echo. Few other species grew amongst it, nor did the trees grow very close together, there was always space enough to ride between them, there being no brushwood under their shade. T'heindividual trees are well described by Mr. Gunn; and their uniformity in height, and the smoothness of the grassy or boggy land between, gave to the whole wood some- thing of the appearance of an orchard, and quite unlike any other forest scenery that I had witnessed in the colony or elsewhere. The whole scene was dreary and desolate in the extreme, from the lurid colour of their foliage, the want of some striking object either of rock or tree, and of any of the animal kingdom except the solitary snipe, kangaroo, or black swan. Inone respect, however, this forest was an improve- ment upon the more gigantic vegetation through which we had ridden in ascending to the table-land: for the severe frost, mentioned by Mr. Gunn, had killed all the other and larger species of Eucalyptus, especially on the flat grounds, similar to, but at a lower elevation than those on which we were. For many miles on the road to the lakes, our course had been amongst the tall trunks of dead Gum trees, from eighty to a hundred and thirty feet high, most of their trunks blackened on one side by the fires which the natives had at various remote periods kindled in the forests, the charred portions forming a curious contrast to the whiter si whence the bark had flaked off. On the banks of Lake Echo, a beautiful sheet of water, a similar death-like scene met the eye. Gum trees, Leptosperma, Hakeas, = Banksias, all seemed as if they had been suddenly struck with some mortal disease in the full vigour of their y and in their prime of life. One huge Eucalyptus, stretching iS — sound but bleached and leafless arms over the lake, appeareo — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 499 the stricken monarch of the lifeless forest. The silence and desolation of the whole scene brought most forcibly to my mind the description of a plague-smitten city: it was an analogy in the vegetable world to Petra, Idumeea and Baby- lon, as they now appear. l have dwelt more at length on the effects of the great frost of 1837, as it proves at once how much hardier this species is, which, though growing at a much higher elevation, and on a marshy plain, where the effects of frost are always the most severely felt, was almost uninjured. It is further peculiar in never inhabiting analogous altitudes on the mountains of other parts of the colony. It appears emi- nently a gregarious species, capable of enduring the rigorous climates, the sharp frosts and heavy rains of the table-lands, but not the rude blasts and cutting winds of the mountain tops. _ In describing this species, perhaps the most interesting of an immense genus, which forms four-fifths of the forests of Terra Australis,* I am anxious that it should bear the name of R. C. Gunn, Esq., a gentleman whose name willever be known as the great promoter of all branches of natural science in Tasmania, and to whose kind aid and experience I am indebted for much that I know of the Botany of that colony. Evcauyprus Gunni, Hook. fil. ; ramulis junioribus flori- busque glaucis, folis alternis petiolatis lanceolatis v. el- liptico seu oblongo-lanceolatis rarius ovato-oblongis magis minusve acutis acuminatis v. mucronatis utrinque opacis venis obscuris, petiolis folio subquadruplo brevioribus, pe- dunculis solitariis axillaribus teretibus trifloris petiolo sub brevioribus, cupulis turbinatis breviter pedicellatis pe- duneuli longitudine, operculis hemisphericis cupule di- midii longitudine sed latioribus, mucrone valido basi terminatis, fructibus latioribus elliptico-turbinatis ore paulo contracto valvis 3-4 interdum porrectis, —— Has, On the elevated table lands of the interior of Tas- .* Brown, in Botany of Flinders’ Voyage, 11. 547. 20 2 500 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. mania, especially in the neighbourhood of the lakes. (Gunn. n. 1084, 1080, 1082). As is the case with other species of this most difficult genus, no dependence ean be placed upon the size of any of the parts or on the form of the leaves. The branchlets are slender, terete, nearly smooth, the younger very glaucous. The leaves, which seldora exceed two inches in length, vary between linear-lanceolate and oblong, but are sometimes broadly ovate, with a muero, these broader leaves frequently terminate the branches. The peduncles are generally axillary, sometimes lateral, but always solitary, and never more than three-flowered, from 2-4 lines long, stout and patent. Cu- pule exactly turbinate, sessile or generally shortly pedicel- late, 14-24 lines long, covered with fine, glaucous bloom. Operculum less than half the length of the cupula, hemi- spherical, tapering on the very summit into a short, stout, erect mucro. Stamens bright yellow. Fruit elliptical, turbinate, broad at the base, 2-3 lines long, about two-thirds as broad or rather more, mouth slightly contracted. Atthe time when I visited the habitat of the Cider-trees, the sap had not com- menced to flow, and the wood, which is of a pale yellow colour, merely tasted, when fresh cut, rather sweet. Iam indebted to Mr. Gunn for a bottle of the fluid, collected about two years ago, it has now a very acid taste. For the following interesting analysis of it, I am obliged to my fri Dr. R. D. Thomson of Glasgow. Specific gravity 1338.1, water being 1000. The smell resembles that of foreshot spirits, that is, a faint alcoholic fluid. When distilled in the water-bath a distinctly acid fluid came over which smelled of alcohol, the liquid in the retort remaining also acid. 'The acid was neutrali saturating with carbonate of soda. On evaporating the saturated solution fine needle-shaped crystals remaineo which, when heated with sulphuric acid, emitted a strong smell of acetic acid and proved to be acetate of soda. The liquor in the retort, when evaporated, afforded a quantity BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 501 syrup, and the fluid, smelling of alcohol, was proved to con- tain that substance. The cider therefore consists of Sugar, Acetic acid, Water, Alcohol, besides a small quantity of albuminous substance, coagulated by heat, and which probably acted as the ferment in convert- ing the sugar first into alcohol, and then into acetic acid. J. D. Hookkn. Journal of a Boranicat Mission fo the West Inp1Es in 1843-4, by WirriAM Purvis, Collector for the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew. Monday, April 17th, 1843, I left Falmouth, in the royal mail steam-ship, Forth, with fine weather, and reached Corunna at six o'clock, A.w., on the 20th. This town is prettily situated on one wing of the harbour, which is termi- nated by the Fortress. The country around Corunna is much undulated, but presents a barren appearance, a few stunted trees of Pinus sylvestris, scattered over the moun- tains, being all that could aspire to the title of a tree. A species of Bartsia, Cotyledon umbilicus (on every wall), three Species of Anagallis, just expanding their flowers to the morning sun, several species of Ranunculus, and two of Urtica, were the most common plants round the town. Nothing can exceed the wretched appearance of the inha- bitants of this place, lounging in groups at every corner, Tagged, and their countenances squalid in the extreme. An abundance of strawberries in the market afforded evidence of our southward progress. cu After a stay of four hours, to take in coals, we sailed for eira carrying with us seven of the passengers of the "nfortunate Solway, end reached Madeira early on the 24th. 502 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. The town of Funchal has a very lively aspect. After a visit from the health-officer, we landed. The gardens were very gay, oranges scenting the atmosphere with their fragrance; Bananas are cultivated, but do not look healthy ; Verbena, Heliotropes, Salvias, in great variety, and of immense size, compared with those in English gardens, were flowering profusely. Adiantum Capillus- Veneris adorns every rock and wall, and is much larger than it ever attains in Great Britain. The commoner plants of Madeira are identical with those of England; Trifolium, Ranunculus, Plantago, Urtica, Stellaria, Convolvulus, &c. I was much pleased with the look of the vineyards, which are formed of a succession of terraces, six feet or more wide, according to the nature of the ground, up the almost perpen- dicular sides of the mountains to a considerable elevation; and although luxuriant in many places, there is not more than a foot of soil, and that not of the richest description, for them to grow in. They are trained on rude wooden trellises, about a yard high, and gave promise of an excel- lent crop. Thermometer at noon, 75° in the shade. The scenery of the south side of the island presents little variety, except its lofty and undulated mountains, being destitute of native forest ; a few patches of Pinus maritima were the only trees on the mountains. After a stay of five hours, we proceeded, and twelve days of fine weather brought us in sight of Antigua, a picturesque island. Passing St. Kitts, Nevis, etc., we reached St. Tho- mas on the morning of the 7th of May. The town of St. Thomas is neatly built and prettily situated on three slightly elevated hills, at the base of the harbour. The island pre- sents a very undulated aspect, but there is no land of any great elevation; the hills above the town rise to 800 feet, which is the highest land in the island, and are covered with a stunted brushwood. I observed Plumiea rosea and alba, - eu Brunsfelsia Americana, Anona muricata and palustris, Ceri. bera Thevetia, several showy species of Bignonia, of which 1 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 503 obtained seeds, CArysophyllum Cainito, Dolichos pruriens, Canavalia rosea, Guilandina Bonduccella, Aristolochia, sp., Hi- biscus populifolius, Pothos, sp., and two species of Tilland- sia, Opuntia communis, Cereus repandus, and Agave Kuratto, on rocks facing the south; the latter growing in thousands, now presenting its pyramids of golden flowers, had a very imposing effect. The above, with several species of Solanum, form the principal part of the vegetation of the island. A species of Lastrea, and one of Hemionitis, were the only Ferns Y saw. The fences of Bromelia Pinguin formed a striking contrast with those I had left behind me in England. The vegetation, generally, is anything but luxuriant ; oranges are cultivated sparingly; the cocoa-nuf is more abundant, but confined to the habitations of man, and is generally thirty to fifty feet high. A few specimens of Areca oleracea and Phenix farinifera, in the gardens of the town, hada very pleasing effect. The sugar-cane is but little grown, there being few localities adapted to it, so that St. Thomas is almost entirely dependent for its supplies on the small island of Santa Cruz. qu After a stay of three days, during which the weather for the most part was very wet, with the thermometer never below 80°, the maximum 84°, we sailed for Porto Rico, and reached it at 8 o'clock, A.M., on the 10th, and only stopped to land the mail This is a rich and romantic island, the Vegetation more luxuriant than any place I have seen, and Presents every conceivable variety of scenery. The moun- tains of the interior rise to a considerable height along the Coast. The flying-fish were starting up in shoals, alarmed at the noise of the steamer. We soon came in sight of St. Domingo, and after two days’ and nights’ sailing, close to the shore, we sighted Cape Hayti. This is the most Magnificent country I ever saw, the loftiest mountains being Covered with a luxuriant forest, and the extensive plains appearing impenetrable; nota trace of cultivation, nor the slightest indication of its being inhabited was perceptible till we reached Cape Hayti, which, from the effects of the 504 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. late dreadful earthquake, is literally a heap of ruins. After landing the mail, we proceeded, the country preserving its luxuriant aspect, to the western extremity. The morning of the 13th brought us in sight of Cuba, and we reached St. Jago de Cuba at nine o'clock, a.m. Vegetation appeared to be suffering from the continued dry weather; during our stay of three hours, the thermometer stood at 94° in the shade, at eleven, A.M. We sailed from St. Jago and reached Kingston, Jamaica, early on the 14th, after a passage of twenty-eight days of fine weather. The lofty mountains of the interior have a very imposing effect, on entering the bar- .bour of Kingston; the town itself is built nearly on a level with the sea, and offers nothing remarkable in its ap- pearance. After a few days' preparation for my excursion, in which I was kindly assisted by Dr. Macfadyen, to whom I carried a letter of introduction from Sir W. J. Hooker, and who gene- rously invited me to consider his house my home whenever my duties should call. me in Kingston, and to make that the dépót for my plants, etc., thus setting my mind quite at rest on that score, I left Kingston on the 19th for the Port Royal Mountains. -I was accompanied by Mr. Hartweg Botanical Collector for the Horticultural Society of London, who was on his way to, England, and felt desirous of making the most of his few days’ stay in Jamaica. Passing through the plain of Liguanea, which is completely overrun with Mimosa tortuosa and M. juliflera (which often prove ! to cattle from eating the seeds), Guaiacum officinale, co with its rich blue flowers and yellow fruit, contrasted beau- tifully with its dark green foliage, and seemed to bear the arid plains with impunity. Cereus Peruvianus and are used for making fences in the following manner. A row | of Bromelia Pinguin is planted on.a raised bank, about four feet in height; the sides are sloped to an angle of about 60 degrees, against which are placed pieces of the above Cereus, about five feet in length, which generally send up shoots from the bottom, and make at once a formi BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 505 fence. This plant forms a prominent feature in the landscape of the plains, which, from the continued dry weather, pre- sented very little in flower. As we approached the Moun- tains, vegetation became more luxuriant, and the scenery inereased in grandeur. On moist banks, I obtained plants and specimens of Lobelia longiflora, (this is considered poi- sonous to cattle) as also of Echites suberecta and umbellata, both species abound in the plains and are very showy. Mangoes are exceedingly plentiful, and although an intro- duced plant, the Mangifera threatens, at no distant period, to assume the sovereignty of the soil. It bears the worst of treat- ment with impunity and I observed several fine specimens, that are made chopping-blocks of by the Negroes, without the least apparent injury. There is none propagated, except by seeds, and consequently scarcely two trees are alike, as regards the flavour of their fruit. Although they were taken from a French prize, and only numbered, connoisseurs declare that they know each variety, say as number eleven, as soon as they see it, some being good, but a great many not eatable. All domestic animals are fond of mangoes, and they are considered very fattening both for man and beast. We reached the Botanic Garden Inn by night, a deli;htfully cool place, as compared with Kingston. The Hope river, à considerable stream running in front of the Inn, no doubt contributed materially towards cooling the atmosphere. "The elevation cannot be more than 400 feet above the sea. "The morning of the 20th being very wet,it was mid-day ere we Started. Crossing the Hope river we reached the site of the old Botanic Garden, now a complete wilderness; some fine trees of Pandanus spiralis, Phanix farinifera and Lagerstre- ma Regine, are among the few remains of this once noble garden. I gathered specimens of a pretty Justicia, two spe- “es of Adiantum, a Pteris, and several Polypodia; Bignonia ‘ngissima, a singular and beautiful tree, with two kinds — of i$, were abundant. Stizolobium urens is a large Climber, and 1 obtained seeds of it. "The scenery, although Picturesque, as we ascended through the first range of moun- VOL III. ; AP 506 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. tains, is not remarkable for luxuriant vegetation. Garrya Fadyena was abundant at an elevation of 4000 feet, with a few scattered plants of Alsophila aspera, an elegant and beautiful Tree-Fern. Mazillaria Barringtoniana, M. discolor, Epidendrum cochleatum, umbellatum and fragrans, with some very fine tufts of Schomburgkia sp., were the only orchidaceous plants we met with. We reached Flamstead, the residence of the Rev. C. F yfe, agreeably situated on the summit of this range, about 4500 feet above the sea, and were kindly accommodated with beds by that gentleman. The climate at this height is delightfully cool, thermometer at 6 evening, 60°, with a refreshing breeze. At this eleva- tion European vegetables succeed admirably, the turneps, carrots, potatoes, cabbage, lettuce, radishes and onions, would. challenge competition, even in Europe. Apples also thrive and bear well, and are of good quality. A gentleman in this district informed me that he, at one time, realized 400 pounds a year by his plantation of this fruit. : 22nd. Starting early for St. George's Gap, I was surprised to find so few plants in flower. Lisianthus longifolius was abundant on marly banks, and I secured seeds and speci mens ; also of a singular Salvia-like shrub, I believe Eriocalyz sp.; and a solitary plant of a beautiful white Ipomea, with a iem flowers expanded, this I believe is not in cultivation, and cannot fail to become a general favourite: its habit is that of I. Horsfalliana, the leaf is three-lobed, the flowers of the most delicate white, and borne in more than ordinary pro | sion. In the ravines grew immense trees of Bombas oie covered with Tillandsias, Broughtonia sanguinea, &c: M E. perfectly inaccessible. A species of Piper and | Pinguin overran a considerable tract. As we approached ^ the Gap, the natural forest begins, which altogether changes the aspect. Ferns become abundant, also Garrya p = Myrica Mexicana, Podocarpus coriacea, several spectes 7 —— Lycopodium and Columnea hirsuta; and here, for the — time, I saw the arborescent Ferns to advantage, 20 “ is BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 507 feet high, crowned with light and elegant fronds : their stems, covered with the rhizoma and fronds of other scandent Ferns, imparting a grace and elegance to the scenery, such as I had never before beheld. The beautiful Aumming- birds were darting with great velocity from flower to flower, exhibiting no timidity, and often approaching within a few inches of those, whose only desire was to destroy them. A species of Neottia, resembling N. speciosa, but flowering before the leaves appear, we met with sparingly. 24th. We returned to Kingston through a picturesque country, still presenting very few plants in flower, and on the 26th quitted that town for St. Mary's, by way of Spanish Town. Ina lagoon near the ferry, Pontederia azurea was luxu- riting, a beautiful aquatic, producing its deep blue flowers © in abundance; this is worthy of a place in every stove. In the salt marshes I observed large tracts, completely covered with Batis maritima, a singular plant, called Jamaica Samphire, which makes excellent pickle. The extensive La- goons about the ferry on both sides of the road exhibit Typha latifolia, an old acquaintance in Europe, I believe identical with the European plant; also Alisma cordifolia, with several species of Cyperus. We reached Spanish Town ìn the evening; the heat in travelling through these sayan- nahs is great, and the vegetation by no means interesting, a few species of Mimosa and Cassia forming the principal vegetation. Sleptat Spanish Town, and started at five o'clock, a.m. of the 27th, by the outlet of the Cobri; after passing through about eight miles of plain, the road becamé rocky and the vegetation Somewhat changed ; I saw two fine species of Laurus, scenting the atmosphere with their fragrance, Portlandia grandiflora, very beautiful, about 20 feet in height, covered with its trum- pet-like flowers, Crossing the Rio Cobri, the rocks rose lofty on both sides. On moist banks Gesneria acaulis was abun- "Ant, a pretty species; the woods are here very luxuriant, E ense trees of Cedrela odorata, and Bombax Ceiba, were .. red with Bromeliaceous plants, the highest branches not : 2» 2 508 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. being secure from their invasion. On the left bank of the Rio Cobri, the rocks rise almost perpendicular to about 500 feet, covered from the waters edge with a forest of Thrinax parviflora, an elegant palm. By this time, the rain set in, and a few minutes sufficed to drench us; we, however, proceeded and saw Jantha pallidiflora, Oncidium pumilum and Carthaginense, common on Logwood hedges. Passing some well managed sugar estates, the country becomes more undulated, and for the most part cultivated. In the after- noon, we reached Dr. MacNab’s, at Woodridge, who kindly received us: during our stay of two days, the rains were almost incessant; I, however, obtained a few orchidaceous plants, and a quantity of specimens, among which was an arborescent Fern of remarkable habit, I had not before seen. The plants here grow much more luxuriantly than on the south side of the island, the extensive tracts of Logwood and Mimosa disappear, and the vegetation is as much more varied as it is beautiful. Wednesday 31st. Returned to Kingston, by way of Stony Hill; this district is entirely cultivated by the Negroes, with vegetables, for the Kingston Market; the Pineapple growing side by side with the European vegetables, beneath the shade of the noble foliage of the Banana, each in the highest perfection. Epidendrum fragrans, cochleatum and diffusum, with a species of Bletia (terrestrial), were abundant. Schom- — burgkia sp. was also common, a pretty Limodorum (terrestrial) grew sparingly. On reaching Kingston, I found the steamer ready to sail, - and packed up my few collections, and dispatched them to prepare for a more fertile district. I found it rather difficult to obtain a servant, the Negroes having an aversion to con- stant employment. The first to whom I spoke thought the excursions too serious and made his exit the next day- The second I was obliged to part with, from his dissolute habits ; the third is with me still, and I hope may turn out better. This enabled me to prepare for my visit to the Blue. Mountain Peak, so taking with me a sufficient quantity of BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 509 paper, I left Kingston on the 6th of June, by way of Penn Hill, through a mountainous country. Brassia maculata was flowering in immense patches on the rocks for which this district is remarkable; the roads are very narrow in these mountains, and a false step would pre- cipitate the traveller several hundred feet perpendicular. The numerous fire-flies were lighting their lamps long before I arrived at Penn Hill. On reaching it I was sorry to find A. Finlay, Esq. had been obliged by ill health to leave for a warmer climate, a gentleman to whom I was obligingly sup- plied with a letter of introduction from Miss Wray. "The night breeze had set in, which was very cold, thermometer 57°. I was kindly accommodated with a bed by the intelli- gent overseer, Mr. Brakenridge, and morning disclosed a view of the most romantic description; innumerable deep ravines and lofty mountains, covered with a rich vegeta- tion, at the back of which rose the Blue Mountain Peak in sable majesty, several thousand feet above the rest. Penn Hill is beautifully situated in the midst of a plan- tation of luxuriant Coffee, a shrub grown only in the mountain districts. Starting early on the 7th for Radnor, (a coffee plantation, belonging to Dr. Macfadyen, which I intended making my head-quarters for a few days) I ob- Served some very fine trees of Juniperus Bermudiana, a com- mon plant in this district. Passing over coffee plantations, I reached the bed of the Yallah’s river, the water was low and easily crossed, but in the rainy season this must be impas- sable, its dry bed being about 300 yards in width, and covered With large loose stones. In a narrow pass grew Ipomæa Horsfalliana, flowering profusely, it was certainly the love- liest plant I had yet met with; I suspect its native country must have been mistaken, for itis described as indige- nous to Africa. The Mountain-pride (Spathelia simpler) 2ecame abundant, and for the first time I saw it in flower, its immense panicle of lively rose-coloured flowers, rising from the palm-like stem and foliage, rank it amongst the Most beautiful of plants. Two shrubby species of Eugenia, 510 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. of which I obtained specimens, and the singular Helicteres Jamaicensis, with two kinds of Melastoma, and a few Ferns, formed the principal part of my day's collection. After travers- ing several coffee plantations, I reached Radnor, when I found that my over-fondness for the night breeze at Penn Hill had given me a cold ; so that however pleasant it may be, particu- larly after leaving the plains, it is more prudent to avoid the direct influence of the night air. 8th June.—In the morning, I endeavoured to make ar- rangements to visit and sleep one night at the Blue Moun- tain Peak ; but Friday and Saturday are the two market days for the negroes, so that I could get no one to accompany me before Monday, the 12th. In the mean time I made an excursion to the Portland Gap, an elevation of 6,000 feet, where I met with the most dense forests I had yet seen. Ferns were very abundant; Marattia alata, a beautiful plant, in great plenty; it does not appear to grow below this eleva- tion. Two species of Viburnum, one of Garrya, two of Clethra, two shrubby Solanums, Podocarpus coriacea sparingly, three kinds of arborescent Ferns, Epidendrum glaucum, three Spe- cies of Pleurothallis, several Melastomaceous plants, and some interesting shrubs, were all new to me. : On the 12th, by daybreak, I started for the Peak, taking with me three negroes, and a fourth with a mule as far as Portland Gap, which is the nearest point of ascent. We reached that place by seven o'clock, a.m., and after collecting a load of plants, principally Ferns, I despatched my horse and mule back. I then proceeded, but not altogether empty; two negroes carrying a full load of yams and salt fish, with some pieces of sugar-cane. "These things they appear to take with them instinctively, which is perhaps a fortunate circum- stance, particularly if the quantity be moderate. From pt point the dense natural forest begins. Garrya Fadyena 1$ e" abundant; Vaccinium meridionale holds a conspicuous place, laden with fruit, superior in size and flayour to that o Pam cintum Myrtillus, the Blaeberry of Europe. A Melastomaceous plant, with solitary scarlet flowers, Was mr BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 511 striking ; the arborescent Ferns here attain a greater size than I had yet seen them, 50 to 60 feet being the common height. Three species I observed as we went up. After leaving - Portland Gap, the ascent becomes very steep, over roots and dense brakes of Gleichenia immersa. The stems and branches of every shrub or tree are covered with various Mosses, hanging in the most fantastic manner, and preserving their soft luxuriance when many yards in length, until their own weight or the violent winds prostrate them, again to ascend with a vigour of growth, which the great moisture of these forests, almost constantly enveloped in clouds, accounts for. The ascent is very steep to the first flat, where water is obtained from an excellent spring, which is about 7,000 feet above the sea. The water is pure, and cold as ice, and after drinking as much as we required, and taking a quantity with us, we began the ascent of the Peak proper. Here the Podo- carpus coriacea (Yacca) constitutes entire forests, and beneath its shade Lobelia assurgens, flowering profusely, forms a suffruticose shrub, of 20 feet high. The ascent now is al- most perpendicular, vegetation becoming more dwarfish. Towards the summit, the trees are generally only about 15 or 20 feet high, and nothing occurs that may be called timber. We reached the Peak by five o’clock, p.m. I had collected a quantity of seeds and specimens on my way up, which had a good deal impeded my progress. The evening was fine and clear, the view truly magnificent, the whole island lying like a map at our feet. The white bed of the Yallah's River appeared beneath our feet, although sixteen miles distant, and Kingston, with its beautiful har- bour, teeming with vessels, had a very pretty appearance. To the northward, east, and west, one dense and undulated forest presented itself, far as the eye could reach. The Proportion of cleared land, along the north side on the coast, was a mere strip; the better cultivated mountains of Port yal, with the numerous isolated residences, gave a considerable animation to the scene, Turning half-way 512 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. round, the little sea-ports of Port Antonio, Buff Bay, Anotta Bay, &c., showed like specks in the dark woods around them. The thermometer, in the sun 50°, sunk to 46° during the night, and this in the middle of June; I have little doubt that it freezes here in the winter season. Leaving the negroes to construct our hut, I made the most of the little daylight that remained, there being no twi- light in Jamaica, for as soon as the sun disappears, it be- comes dark. I obtained specimens of Podocarpus coriacea, Vaccinium meridionale, Manettia Lygustum, Myrtus alpina, a pretty upright growing shrub, and Lobelia assurgens. Bam- busa verticillata renders these woods almost impenetrable. Several interesting shrubs also occurred, and a few singular Ferns growing on the stems of a remarkable species of Clethra, not in flower. This plant has large, broad, woolly, leaves, and is the largest tree at the Peak; it appears pecu- liar to this locality, as I did not observe it anywhere else. After securing what seeds, plants, and specimens I could, I : returned at dark, and found the negroes busy roasting yams for dinner. This appeared to absorb all our thoughts for the present, our appetites being pretty well sharpened. The hut was formed of a skeleton span roof, and covered with Yacca branches and fronds of a Tree-fern, the most simply-fronded I had seen, and which appears peculiar to this district OT range of mountains. The night threatened rain, and our last bottle of porter Was destroyed in attempting to take off the neck of the bottle for want of a corkscrew. This was a real misfortune, for one of the negroes had broken the calabash of water, and it was now t00 late to replace it. I rolled myself up in a blanket, and would have been quite comfortable, but the rain began to fall about ten o'clock, p.m., and was not long in finding its way through ournew habitation. A large fire in the middle of the hut was necessary to keep us warm ; the cold and rain, coupled with the groaning of the negroes from chil ly damp, rendered it not an easy matter to sleep ; twice I pulled them from the fire after BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 513 their clothes were ignited; and morning made matters little better, for the wind blew a complete hurricane, with driving gusts of rain. After collecting what I could of roots, specimens, seeds, &c., at eleven o'clock, a.m., we began our descent, which the rain had rendered very difficult, and many ludicrous sum- mersaults were performed, from the slippery nature of the soil, Wild hogs are abundant in these woods, and on our reaching the spring, two started up and were soon out of sight. About two o'clock, p.m., we emerged from the cloud that enveloped the Peak, and had a tolerably easy descent to Portland Gap; where, according to my directions, two mules were waiting, to the no small delight of the negroes, as this lightened their burdens. In a ravine, near the Gap, I found a singular species of Asplenium, its arborescent stem about 8 feet in length ; while securing plants of this, and as many things as I could conveniently take, a heavy hail-storm overtook us, rendering, on our descent, the atmosphere cool and pleasant ; thermometer 60°, With several times reloading, from the state of the roads and the difficulty of collecting Tree-ferns, I reached Radnor at five o'clock, p.m., quite satisfied that a botanical excursion to the Peak is not so easy as I had anticipated, After putting together my plants and specimens, I started on the 16th to Resource, a coffee plantation, belonging to J. Brooks, Esq., about ten miles distant, in St. Andrew's Mountains, Dr. Macfadyen, with his usual kindness, had Sven me a letter of introduction to this gentleman. On the Way, I gathered a beautiful species of Ipomea, with much the habit of 7. Horsfalliana, and lively pink flowers; of this I dug up roots, which were tuberous. The greater part of this district is occupied with Coffee plantations, and overrun With Zinnia coccinea and Browallia speciosa, probably intro- - duced. An account of the mode of rearing the coffee shrub may be interesting. Holes are prepared, and small plants selected from old plantations, of which there are always abundance, and which are set in moist weather ; all the care 514 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. they require being to keep them clean from weeds, and the third year they generally yield a small crop, and by the eighth year are in full bearing. At this age they have grown about 5 feet high; they are then topped, and are not allowed to get any higher, otherwise it would be difficult to gather the fruit. They are regularly pruned once a year, something in the way of currant-bushes, but that they have one stem and the branches radiated. The berries are gathered ripe, and immediately undergo the process of pulping (sepa- rating the mucilage from the seeds, which is sweet, but is considered unwholesome). This must be done before fer- mentation. The beans are then dried in the sun, on floorings of cement, properly drained, and after several days' turning and exposure to the sun, they are ready for grinding, fo detach the inner shellas well as the silverskin. "This is done in a mill, similar to that used for grinding apples for cyder in Kent. After pulping, the seed is never allowed to become wet again, as the quality is deteriorated by rain falling on it. The next process is winnowing and hand-picking it into the dif- ferent qualities. An elevation of between 3,000 and 5,000 feet is considered best for coffee; above that the trees thrive well, but do not produce any fruit. It is questionable if much of the land on which coffee thrives could be applied . profitably to any other purpose ; I have often seen extensive fields, looking well, on little else than bare rocks, at an angle of 75 degrees. I reached Resource in the evening, and was kindly received by Mr. Brooks. He promised to accompany me the next day to the Moorce's Gap district, an elevation of about 5,500 feet. 'The approach to Resource is through a beautiful avenue of Citrons, which were laden with their golden fruit, and had a very rich appearance. I found Mr. Brooks had paid much attention to collecting plants, parti- cularly Ferns, many thriving well in his well-managed garden. 17th.—I made an excursion to John Crow Ridge. Here also Coffee is grown nearly to the summit of the mountains, which, like the Blue Mountain Peak, are covered with & forest of Yacca and Tree-ferns. I obtained specimens BOTANICAL INFORMATION; 515 Andromeda Jamaicensis, Vaccinium meridionale, and Myrica Mexicana: Atropa arborea, a singular dicecious plant, and Vi- burnum villosum were abundant, with a number of Ferns I had not before seen. The day was oppressively hot; in the even- ing I returned to Resource. 18th.—Accompanied by Mr. Brooks, we started early for Moorce's Gap, in the central range of the Blue Mountains, a distance of about seven miles, and separating St. George's from St. Andrew's parish. Ascending by a narrow pass, I observed growing on marly banks, Lisianthus exsertus, flowering profusely, also a species of Rubus, quite distinct from R. Jamaicensis, also common in this district ; this put me much in mind of the common Blackberry of England, but the fruit is not so good. I gathered plants, seeds, and speci- mens of Lisianthus longifolius and exsertus, the latter a beau- tiful shrub, about 10 feet in height; three species of Gleichenia, with numerous Ferns of the families of Tricho- manes and Hymenophyllum, adorn the banks and trees with their delicate fronds. On reaching the summit of the range, the vegetation suddenly changes, and is very luxuriant. Here I obtained specimens of a singular dicecious tree, which Mr. Brooks informed me bore a fruit with very much the flavour of the Strawberry. Fragaria vesca is now perfectly naturalized in all the higher mountains. Several species of Lycopodium are here common ; Lycopo- dium Jussieui, a singular species, I found rare, but it was not in fructification. Podocarpus coriacea grew abundantly, and formed the largest trees in the woods, with several beautiful species of Melastoma, their stems covered with Tillandsias, a Species of Pothos, and several scandent Ferns and Mosses. Two species of arborescent Ferns were plentiful, their foliage, particularly that of Alsophila aspera, very rich. As we went down on the north side, the woods became dense, and com- pletely interwoven with Bambusa verticillata. Here, on moist banks, I noticed the singular Fudyena in plenty, an interest- ing Fern, also a pretty Gesneria, with delicate white flowers. Yacca becomes less common, and is succeeded by the Hi- 516 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. biscus elatus, a truly noble tree, producing its large tulip-like flowers at the extremities of its robust branches. Several showy species of Psychotria were common, with Lisianthus latifolius, of which I gathered specimens, but the seeds were not ripe. Descending towards the coast, the vegetation is rich and beautiful, the stems and branches so completely overrun with climbers, that it becomes difficult to determine which is the original tree; this is particularly the case with the Jamaica Ivy (Marcgraavia umbellata), a very singular plant, assuming two different aspects, which, unless closely examined, might be taken for two distinct plants. The stems of trees and the rocks are covered with the most delicate tapestry of Ferns, especially Trichomanes trichoideum, cer- tainly the most delicate and beautiful of that interesting tribe. In these dense moist woods I noticed the rare Tovaria pendula,* a singular and interesting plant, and which has also the recommendation of a most delicious scent, and is worthy a place in every stove. One very fine individual, with about a hundred racemes of its sulphur-coloured flow- ers, had a very pretty appearance; I could not obtain seeds. The birds, although of varied and beautiful plumage, are no songsters, so that no indication is given of their presence until you see them; the measured, plaintive note of the Solitaire in these dense woods, adds a peculiar charm ; not so the mosquitos, which abound in these localities, and are very tormenting. It has been said, they only bite new comers; but this is not correct, for I believe they are more troublesome to the negroes than Europeans. After taking some refreshment by a beautiful spring of cold water, We returned, and reached Resource just before dark. 20th.—Left Resource early, Mr. Brooks kindly accom- panying me, for Spring Hill, crossing another Gap, dde miles to the westward of Moorce’s Gap. The vegetation of Silver Hill is similar to that of Moorce's ; Gesneria tomen- tosa is very common, and two species of Cestrum, of which I secured specimens and seeds, The Bread-fruit tree is grown * See Ic. Plant. tab. 664. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 517 in this district, but the negroes do not pay any attention to its cultivation; Yams and Cocoa-nuts are considered better ; though for my part I am very fond of the Bread-fruit. On reaching Spring Hill, we were kindly received by Mr. Fog- harty, the intelligent overseer, who is much attached to botany, and possesses an excellent collection of the Ferns of the neighbourhood. After spending two days of bad weather in this dis- trict, which is very fertile in rare Ferns, I started on the 23rd. of June for Fox's Gap, accompanied by Mr. Fogharty. Ascending by a narrow pass along paths which are very bad, and certainly ought not to be dignified by the title of a road, we reached Shantamee, the highest re- sidence, and breakfasted there, and changing our mules, we proceeded and soon gained a dense wood, abounding with the larger timbers of Jamaica, Moronobea coccinea of im- mense size, the ground strewed with its coral-like petals, the stems chopped round by the negroes to obtain the. gum, which they use as a substitute for wax, as also for making strengthening plaisters : Xanthoxylon Clava Herculis, a very peculiar looking tree, armed "with numerous and formidable spines; Zrophis Americana; Psidium montanum, with its immense marble-like stem, and Santa Maria(?) of prodigious size. Marcgraavia umbellata climbs to an immense height on its noble dependants, and produces its singular drooping umbels of flowers abundantly, exhibiting a similar effect on trees to the ivy in Europe; it is no uncommon thing to see trees destroyed by it, while it maintains its luxuriance un- molested, and much heightened by the pendant nature of its ultimate branches. Leaving our mules, we started over some rocks towards the summit of the range, where I was much struck with the Acrostichum crinitum, which at a short distance I took for a Pothos; it is very common on moist. rocks in these woods, growing with Asplenium serratum ; here. also I observed a singular arborescent ferm, with a very slender stem, growing 30 to 40 feet high. Epidendrum fra- grans, Mazillaria discolor, several species of Pothos, Til. 518 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. landsia, &c., clothe the stems of the trees. Alpinia occi- dentalis, a species of Costus (showy), Heliconia Bihai and Bambusa verticillata, now an old friend of mine, together with numerous beautiful Ferns, render this district an almost impenetrable mass of living green. After several hours clambering over the rocks, we returned, and found our mules quietly grazing. On mounting, Mr. Fogharty’s mule ran away down the pass, and threw him violently against a gate that stood half open; the gate being rotten, his head, on coming in contact with it, broke four spars. On going to his assistance, for he was completely stunned, I found a smart cut, about two inches long, above the left ear, bleeding fast. A little brandy was all I had to dress it with ; he however soon recovered, and was able to ride my mule down. By this time it rained heavily, with thunder and lightning; on the way I was assailed by several negroes, each making a like demand for taking my horse out of the gully; having left it to rest at Shantamee. This I soon found to be correct; it had fallen, while grazing, about 40 feet, but fortunately escaped injury: such is the nature of the roads here, that if two people meet, it is only by mutual consent they can pass. We reached Shantamee about ten o'clock, p.m., well drenched with rain. On further examina- tion, the injury Mr. Fogharty had received was happily found not to be serious. June 25th.—With fine and clear weather I started early for Radnor, where I had left my collections from the Blue Mountain Peak; going by a different route, the only things remarkable I saw, was a showy species of Ipomea, of which I got seeds; also fine specimens of Andromeda Jamaicensis, and A. fasciculata, forming thickets for several miles. These plants are not found in the higher mountains, but abound on the mountains above the Yallah’s River. Helicteres Jamaicensis, with two species of Guava, are common. Two | species of Laurus (Sweet-wood) were covered with white and fragrant flowers. gee The day had been very hot and dry, therm. 85° in | BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 519 the shade. I reached Radnor in the evening, about 6 P.M., my horse appearing to feel the effects of his fall on the previous day. 27th.—Returned to Portland Gap for some more tree- Jerns, one of those I had brought the day before having been dropped on the pass, and was destroyed. With some diffieulty I brought down two large specimens and several small ones. 28th.—After packing up my specimens, and all the plants I could carry with me, which made a heavy burthen for my baggage mules, I left Kingston by the way of Guava Ridge. The roads were steep and narrow, and my progress therefore slow, the load touching against the rocks or trees, was constantly requiring shifting. On the banks of the Anchovy River, a tributary to the Yallah, I gathered several plants of the white Ipomea I had before seen. It was mid-day before 1 crossed the Yallah’s River, owing to my unwieldy load, and the nature of the road. On as- cending from the river, I for the first time noticed the Securidaca virgata. This splendid twining plant had over- run everything for several yards, and was completely covered with delicate pink flowers, not unlike some species of Polygala. But few Orchidaceous plants grew here; Brassia maculata was abundant. On the rocks near Penn Hill I obtained specimens of Aspidium glandulosum, also a curious Excoecaria, and in old Coffee grounds a species of Piper over- runs large tracts of land, forming a remarkable feature in the scenery; it is rarely met with in natural and original forests, but once fallen and neglected, it, with several other species of Piper and Cecropia peltata, appears to form a secondary vege- tation. From the time the land is cleared for coffee on these rugged mountains, a process of exhaustion begins; the heavy rains and rapid rivers carrying such vast quantities of soil down annually, as render many once valuable properties, little else than an encumbrance to their owners. On reaching the plains the vegetation presented a sterile ap- pearance, for although I had met with plenty of rain, not a 520 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. drop had fallen on the plains. In the mountains rich verdure surrounded me on all sides, alike on rocks as rich valleys ; but on the level grounds nota green leaf could be seen. I reached Kingston about seven o'clock r.m., after a journey of twenty-five miles of difficult travelling. After despatching my collections on the 7th of July, I started by the coast road to Bath, but was detained longer in Port Royal Moun- tains than I expected, for I had quite mistaken the nature of the country. Itook with me about two reams of paper, a quantity which, when full, forms quite a load for a mule. The day was hot and bright, therm. in the shade indicating 96°. From the long continued dry weather on the coast the vegetation was completely scorched ; on reaching Rock Fort, Melocactus communis was abundant for several miles along the coast, with three species of upright Cerei, two of which I believe are in cultivation. Again I crossed the bed of the great Yallah's River, when an immense field of Melocactus communis once more ap- peared ; the specimens: much larger than any I had noticed before. In salt marshes farther on, I saw large forests of Mangroves, among them grow Conocarpus erecta and race- mosa, singular trees, when in seed much resembling the European Alder. While cutting down one of these trees to obtain specimens, I was seized with a violent pain in the head, followed by a voluntary bleeding from the nose, which soon relieved the pain; this was the first time I had suffered from the effects of the sun, nor had I ever felt the heat so intense. AS I pursued my way eastward the vegetation became more luxuriant, from the more frequent rains. I observed à showy species of Bunchosia, Cleome grandiflora, and Phe» seolus lathyroides; here the sugar country begins. Fass- ing through Albion estate, I came to the first sugar cultiva- tion I had seen, and was delighted with its lively and pleasing appearance. On reaching the salt-ponds, I found myself sur- rounded by groves of Mangrove trees, which looked. handsome. ‘There are no aquatic plants in these extensive BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 521 lakes, owing to the brackish nature of the water. The peculiar habit of the Mangrove is to form a kind of rugged scaf- folding with its singular roots, so that half the lakes may be traversed without getting wet. These localities abound with alligators, which appear to be harmless. .4nona squamosa is abundant, forming groves. Two species of Capparis, shrubs of a conical form, are very conspicuous; also the sweet- scented Pisonia aculeata, a formidable climbing shrub; two kinds of Psidium, with fruit of grateful flavour; a few Melastomas, some gigantic Cotton-trees, (Bombax Ceiba) the . latter laden with Tillandsias and Broughtonia sanguinea, and immense festoons of Cactus triangularis, suspended by its own roots from the giant horizontal branches of this noble cotton- tree. On some of these trees I observed fourteen species of plants growing, Tillandsie, Orchidee, Ferns, Rhipsalis, and Cacti; the trunks are often 20 feet in diameter, and not less than 150 feet in height, and each may be said to present a botanic garden of itself. It became dark just before I reached the White Horses, (a large perpendicular rock so called) under which the road passes. Hearing a noise behind me,. I turned round, and beheld my servant and mule prostrate, which I quickly ascertained was caused by a piece of rock falling from above ; it did not however appear to have directly struck either man or mule. I procured light with some lucifers, and found my servant's toe cut off by the nail, and himself a good deal frightened ; the mule was cut in several places about the legs and head; after dressing the injuries as well as cir- cumstances would permit, with a little laudanum, I pro- ceeded, but the mule being a little lame, I myself walked to Morant Bay, the servant Edward Bryan riding my horse. air was now become cool and pleasant, and. I reached Morant Bay by ten o'clock, which was the first place I came to, (a small sea-port town, with about one thousand inhabi- tants) stopping all night at the only inn in the place, which Was pretty good for Jamaica, this island certainly not noted for tavern accommodation. VOL, II. 2a 592 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. -= 8th.—After settling my account, and among other items I paid a dollar for my bed, the usual charge in Jamaica, and that not of the best description, I started about six o'clock r. m. for Bath, the country becoming picturesque and the vegetation finer. Along the sea-beach grew beau- tiful groves of Cocoa-nut-trees, and beneath their shade the pretty Ipomea Pes-capre was flowering profusely, and covering several acres, to the exclusion of everything else. The country became gently undulated as I approached Port Morant, and in a tolerable state of cultivation, partly as sugar and grazing properties. On the sandy beach of Port Morant grew Lisianthus glaucifolius, a pretty species, with blue flowers; securing seeds and specimens of it, I proceeded, and passing a well wooded district, principally settled by negroes, reached the plantation called Garden River. Two species of Indigofera are abundant along the bed of the river; I believe when indigo was raised in Jamaica, its culture was not confined to one particular species. 4” scenery was very rich as I approached Bath. This pretty village is situated on the left bank of the river; the great range of mountains to the north rise fo the height of 5000 feet, and surrounded by rich vegetati ye on all sides. Bath is composed chiefly of detached Ja dences of light and airy structure; along the princi street is planted a charming avenue of Eugenia Malay- ensis, (Malay Apple) alternate with Areca oleracea, (Cab- bage-Palm) the fine conical outline of the former, CO by its dense and luxuriant foliage, and laden with P fruit, contrasting with the noble and elegant contour of the latter, gave the place a very pleasing and delightful appearance, On reaching the botanic garden, I was kindly received by the Rev. Thomas Wharton, who, in addition to the paroch™ charge, also superintends the botanic garden, which p x many noble and striking specimens, principally introduced - plants; among others I observed Lagerstremia ye BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 593 noble tree, now in a complete blaze with flowers of the most delicate pink ; Adansonia digitata, a splendid tree, producing its singular flowers sparingly, Mr. Wharton informs me it has never borne fruit; Cookia punctata, laden with clusters of fruit, of a pleasant subacid flavour; also some large speci- mens of the Bread-fruit, which thrives better here than anywhere I have seen it, and which, besides its utility, is a highly ornamental tree; it produces fruit so abundantly, that pigs and poultry are fed on it, with the best results ; also Artocarpus nucifera, a singular tree, of a similar habit to the other, the fruit somewhat smaller and echinate, but containing seeds about the size of a Spanish-nut, regularly distributed through the fruit and separated by a stringy pulp, not edible. Each fruit contains about twenty seeds ; and these, when Toasted, are much esteemed as an article for dessert. It was introduced to Jamaica from the Island of Timor. A fine specimen of Jnocarpus edulis (Otaheite Chestnut) ; Hedysarum vespertionalis is a perfect weed; Holmskioldia sanguinea, & pretty shrub; this was in full flower. Some fine trees of Achras Sapotilla, a fruit deservedly esteemed. Terminalia Catappa, a large timber tree. Sterculia acuminata, a noble foliaged plant, bearing a singular capsule, containing several large nuts (seeds) curiously packed together; and, I believe, eatable. A singular species of Musa, from Otaheite, with an immense cluster of orange-coloured fruits, which is erect (not as in most other species pendulous); several other varieties of Musa, already in our stoves; Musa coccinea, flowering freely ; Heliconia Bihai and Braziliensis; a fine Specimen of Murraya exotica delightfully fragrant and covered with delicate citron-like flowers ; several very large plants of Uvaria odorata, fragrant and beautiful; its general aspect not unlike the Lime tree of Europe. Adenanthera pavonina, a large Acacia-like tree, sparkling with its scarlet coral seeds. Several fine specimens of E/ais Guineensis (Palm-oil tree) à robust and noble palm ; the oil is extracted by the negroes by bruising the whole fruit in a mortar, and afterwards 2Q 2 594 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. boiling it, when the oil is obtained. Trees of Areca oleracea are planted at regular intervals round the garden, and form the boundary line. The top of this palm, or young enclosed leaves, is the part eaten, and certainly constitutes an excellent vegetable. Of Areca Catechu, there are several fine plants, (this is the Betel-nut of Commerce) an elegant palm about 50 feet high, crowned with rich foliage, beneath which it pro- duces large clusters of orange-coloured fruit. Some large specimens of Artocarpus integrifolia ; the stems and branches full of its large and singular fruit, a necessary provision of nature, as its slender twigs could never bear the weight. Several fine trees of Laurus Camphora and L. Cassia. The most striking plant I saw was Pandanus spiralis, which is both singular and beautiful. Gloriosa superba is perfectly naturalized and flowering profusely. Several fine specimens of Garcinia, and a Correa, of compact and elegant habit, fruiting abundantly. The fruits are of an agreeable acid flavour, the pulp surrounding the seeds is the edible part, enclosed in a pericarp of a violet colour, about the size of a pigeon’s ege. Theobroma Cacao is a remarkable and prolific shrub, covered with fruit, which was once an article of export ; but from some cause has been many years abandoned. I was surprised to see Hoses thrive so well. Mr. Wharton has imported about twenty varieties of China and Noisette kinds. The Provins roses do not succeed. The scanty aid at present given by the Hon. House of Assembly in Jamaica, is quite inadequate to keep the gardens in good order ; but I have no doubt, from what Mr. Wharton has already effected, a more liberal support will eventually be granted. That gentleman is nursing a select collection ' useful and ornamental plants, which he has lately impo Monday, 10th July. 'The morning was close and hot; , — thermometer 85 and 90, at 8 o'clock A.M. Accompanied by Mr. Wharton, we started after breakfast to the Plantain Garden River district, but I was obliged to leave my servant Bath, he not having recovered from his fall. This 1s the best cultivated land I have seen, the soil a deep T^ BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 525 loam, and watered by the Plantain Garden River, a very appropriate name. The stream is bounded by noble groves of this useful plant, the fruits of which are roasted green as a substitute for bread ; several varieties are raised. Costus Ara- bicus is plentiful along the banks, with Pancratium speciosum. Cyperus elegans, and some smaller Cyperacee, appear to occupy the place of Carex in the ditches and wet places in Europe. This lovely valley put me much in mind of the Carse of Gowrie. It is bounded on both sides by hills of no great elevation, and which are clad with forest, abounding, among other trees, with the Cabbage-Bark (Andira inermis) covered with its delicate rose-coloured flowers. This is an esteemed timber and is certainly a showy tree. On ap- proaching Wheelersfield Estate, the rain fell in torrents; but we were very kindly received by Mr. Blunt, the intelligent overseer of this desirable property, where the rearing of the Sugar Cane is carried on, in the utmost perfection. The process of sugar-making is interesting and simple; the canes are planted in rows about four feet asunder; the ground turned up by the plough, in a way similar to the European mode of preparing land for turneps or potatoes ; about a foot of the top of the cane is selected and laid in the furrows at regular intervals, and covered with the plough. This is, I believe, an improvement upon the original system of digging cane-holes by manual labour. The canes are fit to cut in about nine months, they are then cut by the hand and passed through rollers, propelled by a water-wheel, or by cattle, to express the juice, which is conveyed to the boilers by means - of a leaden trough, and boiled as soon as expressed, with the addition of a little lime. The boiling-house is a well ventilated building, with a row of coppers, where the liquor is passed from one to another, until it begins to granulate, when it is run into coolers, and when about half cold is put into hogsheads for exportation, The molasses are drained off by means of a few of the foot-stalks of the Plan- lain: a mixture of molasses and water, allowed to ferment a short time, is distilled into rum. The fires are made of the 526 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. refuse canes after they have gone through the mill, and are generally sufficient fuel, so that everything is made available. Tuesday, 11th. "The morning being fine and pleasant, we started early for Qua Hill, the left boundary of the valley, sloping gradually to the sea. Phaseolus lathyroides and several species of Sida were common along the margins of the cane-fields. Above the cultivated district a partially cleared wood commences, where among rocks, Hamelia patens, an elegant shrub was flowering profusely, laden with orange flowers and purple berries. I gathered specimens and seeds of it, also of a pretty half trailing shrub, which I took for a species of Knoxia. The scattered woods here are composed of Mahogany, two sorts of Ficus, some kinds of Piper and Andiara inermis. The seeds of a species of Ficus being deposited by birds, vegetate in the branches of the immense Cotton-trees, and soon sending down roots to the ground, the parasite ultimately envelopes their gigantic stems and com- pletely destroys them. The appearance of this phenomenon is highly peculiar, for the large areoles between the folds of the roots of the Ficus, show that all within is emptiness; so that one of these immense trees forms a shell over the now decayed trunk of the once noble Cotton-tree (Bombaz Ceiba) and receives the familiar appellation in Jamaica of “The Creole in the embrace of the Scotchman.” I also obtained specimens and seeds of two showy kinds of Psycho- tria. Broughtonia sanguinea abounds in this district, and I gathered several large tufts of it. I also observed Trades- eantia discolor on rocks ; and only two species of Adiantum, the climate being too hot and dry for the growth of Ferns. — When we had climbed the hill about 300 feet above the sea, the whole vale of Plantain Garden River lay stretched beneath us; the rich cane fields, with the buildings of the different estates and accompanying Negro Village, almost hidden in groves of Cabbage-Palms and Cocoa-nut trees, affording scenery, more varied and lovely than I had ever before seen. The promontory on each side of the vale, and stretching further into the sea than the vale, forms Holland BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 597 Bay, with its little village, hidden in an immense grove of Cocoa-nut trees, I am told the largest in the Island, which forms a belt round the Bay a quarter of a mile wide and about three miles in length. In my way down to the sea I found Solanum crassifolium, with several curious maritime shrubs, on rocks which are of coral formation and are ex- ceedingly sharp, rendering walking somewhat difficult. Nymphea blanda grew abundantly in the Lagoons, which are not extensive, producing its chaste white flowers, which, although small, are conspicuous. The Lagoons abound with Alligators, which are not, however, very trouble- some to the inhabitants. A poor man had, two days previously, accidentally fallen in, and was found with an Alligator floating above him, and partly devoured. They are very dull and sleepy-looking animals, and, I believe, were never known to attack a living person. The coast is here rocky; the sea running high, with a strong breeze from the East, rendered the air cool and pleasant. Two species of Ipomea were showy, growing in the sand, and I secured seeds of them. As evening approached we returned to Wheelers- field, and found a draught of Cocoa-nut water, with a little brandy added, a very grateful beverage. Wednesday, 12th.—The morning was dull and cool, ther- mometer 76°, After an early breakfast, we started for John Crow Hill, about five miles distant, riding part of the way to the junction of the wood with the cultivated land; we then left our horses, and took our way up the hill, through a dense wood, where Oncidium altissimum was abundant, bearing wreaths of flowers ten feet long, also O. £riquetrum, blossoming sparingly; Andiara inermis holding a conspicuous place in these woods; a large tree of Xanthozylon Clava-Herculis, with its horrid-looking stem, and full of seeds, induced me to undergo considerable labour in order to cut it down; I how- ever procured abundance of seeds. Here, for the first time, I noticed Anona montana and its curious echinate fruit, of which I obtained seeds. Malpighia urens, a pretty shrub, was plen- tiful, laden with scarlet fruit. While gathering specimens, I 528 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. became acquainted with the species, though not before I felt the effects of its irritating spines, which are curiously con- cealed at the back of the leaf. Our guide, not liking to take the trouble and fatigue of going to the top of the Ridge, as we had been directed, after he got into the wood led us just wherever he pleased; for so dense were the trees, that we had no power to dictate; but certain it was, we never reached the summit. 1, however found means of rewarding him accordingly ; these negroes will sacrifice any thing for their own present ease and comfort. Black and yellow Snakes abound in the woods to an incre- dible degree, but generally make their escape as fast as pos- sible; Lizards are also numerous, and I witnessed a deadly contest between a black snake and a large lizard; the latter endeavouring to elude me, was caught in a very dexterous manner by a large black snake, so completely enveloping it in its folds, that escape was impossible. I, however, rel it, and allowed them both to get away, but not before the snake had wounded the lizard severely, which was done ina moment. The large Tillandsias afforded us some excellent water, and I gathered eight species of Ferns I had not before seen. The rain setting in, we returned, getting well soaked before we reached Wheelersfield. Thursday, 13th.—Having caught a slight cold yesterday; I did notfeel very well, but my arrangements being comp to visit Morant's Point, an extensive plain at the eastern ex- tremity of the island, I set off. At Holland Bay I found Anona palustris (Alligator apple) in great profusion, covere! with tempting golden fruits, of which it is stated that alli- gators are fond, as well as pigs, but this is the only use made of them by the negroes; the wood is an excellent substitute for corks. Solanum crassifolium, Malpighia urens, a species of Wrightia, two of Hibiscus, and forests of Coccoloba uviferum, compose the chief part of the vegetation of the | eoast. Typha latifolia and Nymphea blanda were the only aquatics I saw in the Lagoons, which are traversed by large masses of the Mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle). After leaving - T BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 599 Holland Bay, an extensive sandy plain begins, covered for several miles with a beautiful forest of Thrinar parviflora, to the exclusion of every thing else. I here observed a few scattered plants of Canella alba (the Jamaica Cinnamon), a pretty shrub, which bears lively rose-coloured flowers. A small pond afforded me Menyanthes Indica, a pretty little aquatic, with delicate, white, imbricated flowers, produced at the extremity of the leaf-stalk. After traversing for about two miles a forest of Palms, 20 to 30 feet high, we reached the light-house. I was told that twenty acres of Palms had been cut down for its erection, but not a vestige of vegeta- tion at present remains in its immediate vicinity. The light- house, a lofty and elegant building of its kind, commands a beautiful view of the coast for many miles, with the high mountains of the interior scarcely perceptible through a dense blue mist. The charming grove of Palms which we had crossed, stretches for several miles in every direction, growing down to the very water's edge, their waving fan-like foliage and slender stems giving them a peculiarly graceful and pleasing aspect. The heat was intense, thermometer 96° in the shade, and the mosquitos and sand-flies flew about in myriads. It would be difficult to say which is the most tor- menting of these insect-plagues. I felt very unwell, and was aware, from having no sensible perspiration, which is a cer- tain indication of the presence of fever, that I was threat- ened with illness. It was not, however, till I had gathered specimens and plants of évery thing to be had, that I re- turned, having some time exhausted the patience of my friends, Mr, Blunt and Mr. Scott, of Dukinfield, who had accompanied me, and who were urgent on me to go back without further delay. On approaching Holland Bay, I observed a large tract of forest, which had been destroyed in the great storm of 1815. The sea had then made an inroad, and afterwards receded, leaving a dead forest behind, which exhibits a most singular appearance, not unlike an immense fleet in harbour. It covers probably five hundred acres, with not a particle of 530 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. vegetable life remaining; but is, however, not altogether useless, for Land Crabs abound, the whole space being per- forated by them, and at every step you advance, thousands of these reptiles disappear; they are sought after by the negroes with torches, in the night, and are then, I believe, easily caught. They are sold in the markets, and many per- sons are very fond of them. It was now three o'clock, P.M., and not a drop of water could be got during the whole day. I reached a negro’s hut, suffering a good deal from thirst, and drank some brackish water from the Lagoons, which was all he could give, and by no means palatable. Feeling very languid and feverish, I rode on to Wheelersfield, and there took about twelve grains of calomel, by the Rev. Thos. Wharton’s ad- vice, for every one is, to a certain extent, his own doctor in Jamaica. The next day I returned to Bath, where I was confined to bed till Tuesday, the 18th. During that time, I was conscious of two smart shocks of an earthquake. Wednesday, 19th.—On examination I found, to my regret, the greater part of my plants destroyed, from want of atten- tion during my week’s illness. These injured specimens I ejected summarily, for it is folly to attempt redeeming such as have once been neglected ; in a moist climate like this, spe- cimens require changing every day, at least, and thisis my established rule. Although somewhat weak, l was able to walk with considerable ease, and to ride still better; 5% after breakfast we set out to the Cuna Cuna Range, kindly accompanied by Mr. Wharton, following the river by a nat- row pass, overrun with lofty Bamboos, which in their turn are overrun with the handsome Pelican flower (Aristolochia grandiflora) producing its large and showy blossoms PFO fusely. Extensive groves of Mangoes came next in the cul- tivated district, which is chiefly laid out in Coffee and pro" vision-grounds. A few miles of gentle ascent brought us " a noble and extensive natural forest, containing many St” Mahogany trees, with the various timbers of Jamalc» among which Achroma Lagopus was conspicuous 5 Clethra BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 531 arborea is also abundant; this showy tree is called Blood- wood, from the high colour of its timber, which, for house- hold purposes, is much esteemed; it is a moderately-sized tree. When a glimpse can be obtained of the romantic scenery around, which is not often, the whole forest is seen to be completely interwoven with climbers, principally Convol- vuli, of no great beauty, and Mimosa scandens, presenting an heterogeneous mass of vegetation, of the most luxuriant description. On reaching the Cuna Cuna Gap, at an elevation of about 4,000 feet, we enjoyed the luxury of a refreshing breeze and as much space as we could turn comfortably round upon. We then took some refreshment and a short rest, two very necessary things in the climate of Jamaica, and eommenced our descent on the north side, which is about as steep as the ascent from Bath. Here I found Acrostichum crinitum growing on the trunks of large trees, in a fine state of fructification, with several other individuals of the same genus. I also obtained seeds of Alpinia occiden- falis; birds, particularly the Dove tribe, are very fond of its pungent seeds ; we had seen three species of Dove, one with beautiful plumage, and known in Jamaica as the Moun- tain Witch. The shrill and beautiful note of the Solitaire accompanied us the most of the day on our progress to Rio Grande, whose distanthollowroar we heard several miles before reaching it. I found several charming Ferns I had not be- fore seen, the singular Aspidium proliferum and rhizophyllum being particularly abundant on moist banks, accompanied by several curious species of Trichomanes; lalso noticed, grow- ing parasitically on the roots of trees, the curious Balano- phora Jamaicensis, called by thenegroes John Crow's Nose, by no means an inapt comparison. This plant is very common In moist woods, springing up in a similar way to some species of Fungus, but being of a brilliant scarlet colour, it imparts a lively appearance to the dark brown roots and decayed ves, among which it delights to grow. Springs of water of delicious coolness cross the pass at almost every yard. On 532 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. reaching the Rio Grande, a considerable stream, the Thatch- palm constitutes the chief part of the vegetation for several miles along its banks. This river dashes onward over the rocks with sportive violence, and Mr. Wharton informed me abounds with excellent fish. On the margins of this pic- turesque river, and about seven miles from Port Antonio, is an emigrant settlement, a rich and extensive flat of naturally excellent land, but now a complete wilderness. A-few years ago, forty-five emigrants were located here, principally Scotch, there are now only four remaining, all the others having died of fever or similar causes. It was a sorrowful spectacle to see the emigrant houses falling to ruin, and this once richly cultivated plain wildly overrun with several spe- cies of unproductive Melastoma, and two of Psidium (Guava). We again crossed the river, for the third time, and reached Golden Vale Estate, and were kindly accommodated for the night by Wm. Pine, Esq. the lessee. I felt myself all the better for the journey. Thursday, 20th July.—Early in the morning I started, following the bed of the river, through an open and well cul- tivated country. I was surprised to see the Tree-ferns on the banks of the Rio Grande, growing not more than a mile from the sea, nor upwards of 300 feet elevation. Passing through Maroon Town, which is an interesting and extensive settle- ment, with hills surrounding it in the form of an amphi- theatre, I was delighted with the neatness of the cottages and gardens, which surpassed anything I had witnessed in Jamaica; the spacious village church, placed in the centre on a commanding spot, gave the place an additional charm. The inhabitants subsist chiefly by hunting wild hogs, and raising provisions for market. We reached Port Antonio about mid-day, a neat and thriving town, with a beau harbour. After getting my horse shod, we proceeded by the coast through a little lagoon country, which, from the dry weather, was nearly dried up. species of Lobelia was common along the coast, of which m I got seeds and specimens; two species of Croton, and one MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 533 of Lantana. Jatropha gossypifolia was abundant, affording food for the Ground-Dove, a pretty little bird, found in great numbers on the coast everywhere. On reaching the Turtle- Crawl, a picturesque arm of the sea, and a famous resort for turtle, I saw for the first time, growing luxuriantly in an extensive morass through which the road passed, the Anchovy-pear (Grias cauliflora), a singular tree, laden with fruits, which are sessile on the stem, and immense foliage. Near the coast, the vegetation is in general stunted, and the land for the most part employed for grazing-farms, called penns in Jamaica. On reaching the Blue Hole, a place celebrated as the spot chosen by the negroes in a former rebellion to obstruct the progress of cavalry troops, and precipitate them into this fathomless depth, I found it forming a circle of about four acres, connected with the sea by a narrow passage. The colour of the water is a beautiful blue. The road at the top comes in a right angle, witha perpendicular precipice of 200 feet, to the water. On rocks, above this remarkable place, I found a singular new Lisian- thus, making five species of this fine genus which I have met with in Jamaica. (To be continued). Muscr Antarcricr; being Characters with brief descriptions of the new species of Mosses discovered during the voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships, EREBUS and TERROR, in the Sournern CigcuMPOLAR Reaions, together with those of Tasmania and New ZEALAND. By Dr. J. D. Hooker and W. Wiuson, Esa., of Warrington. The exertions of the late Mr. Menzies during Vancouver’s voyage, brought to light so many new and interesting species of Cryptogamic Plants from the southern extreme of the American Continent, and from the New Zealand Islands in the Opposite hemisphere, that the attention of Botanists has always been- directed to these countries as probably affording 534 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. a richer harvest, especially of Mosses and Jungermannie, than any other part of the world. Before leaving England, when paying my farewell visit to that lamented and then venerable naturalist, he particularly advised me, should our expedition touch at his favourite botanical ground, Dusky Bay, New Zea- land, or any adjacent port, that I should diligently search for such plants, and requested me to send him at once a few spe- cimens, adding that no collector had visited that spot since himself, then nearly half a century ago, and that if I did not re-discover some of his favourites, he was too near his nine- tieth year to expect to receive them from any one else. Un- fortuately, it was out of our Commander's power to visit Dusky Bay; but during the stay of our ships at Lord Auck- land's Islands, four degrees farther south, and in the Bay of Islands, ten degrees to the northward of where Mr. Menzies had collected, most of his species were found. A few speci- mens were sent at different times, in the hopes that the admirable health in which I had left him might have been con- tinued, through Providence, until those of Hypnum Menziesi amongst others, should have reached him. It was, however, ordered otherwise; and the, to me, peculiarly melancholy account of his decease found our expedition at the Falk- land Islands, on our return from Tierra del Fuego, where I had been again endeavouring, “ longo post intervallo," to fol- low his footsteps. Some idea may be formed of the amount of Cryptogamia with which these regions teem, from the Monograph of some of my Jungermannie, already printed in this work. I am indebted to the great experience of Dr. Taylor for the dis- crimination of several of the species therein described which had escaped my observation, the amount of which, I must confess, far exceeded my first caleulations. Again, those who know the difficulty of monographing collections made in a short space of time, in the present instance during three weeks only in Lord Auckland’s group, where seventy-two species were collected, will understand how very careful an examination it requires to distinguish what really MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 535 are species, and the frequent necessity thus imposed on the botanist of describing as two what a more copious suite of specimens may prove to belong to one. The Muscological Herbarium of Sir W. Hooker is now under the hands of Mr. Wilson, of Warrington, whose know- ledge of that tribe is the most extensive, as he is himself the most accurate of muscologists. That my own Mosses may be the more perfectly determined, I have, at his kind request, confided the whole collection, together with the MS. de- scriptions, and drawings of the species, to his able charge, both for his assistance in the elucidation of the new species and a comparison with those in the Hookerian Herbarium ; and I shall here give a part of the results of our labours in the following form. l. ANDREEA, Ehrh. l. A. nitida, n. sp.; caulibus suberectis laxe cæspitosis parce ramosis, foliis erecto-patentibus ovato-oblongis obtuse apiculatis concavis enerviis nitidis, marginibus reflexis perichætialibus paulo longioribus erectis. Han. Lord Auckland's group. 2. A. marginata, n. sp.; caulibus laxe ceespitosis subramosis, folis erecto-patentibus incurvis ovatis longe acuminatis infra medium contractis enerviis marginibus inferne pal- lidis caulinis majoribus laxis superioribus confertis, peri- cheetialibus longioribus elongatis late lanceolatis convolutis, theca exserta. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. 3. A. acutifolia, n. sp.; caulibus fastigiatim ramosis, ramis apice ramulosis, foliis erecto-patentibus incurvis rigidis lanceolato-subulatis acutis vel ovatis longe acuminatis con- caviusculis enerviis basi gibbosis siccitate erectis, perichee- tialibus longioribus lanceolatis convolutis, theca subex- serta. ii de Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn; Falklands ; Lord Auck- land’s and Campbell’s Islands. 536 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 4. A. mutabilis, n. sp. ; caulibus ezespitosis ramosis elongatis gracillimis, folis confertis laxioribusve erecto-patentibus rarius falcato-secundis lanceolatis v. ovato-lanceolatis con- caviusculis enerviis siccitate appressis, theca— ? var. a. microphylla ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis minutissimis. Has. Lord Auckland’s group, and Campbell’s Island. var. B. subsecunda ; foliis laxioribus inferioribus secundis su- perioribus ut in var. a. Has. Falkland Islands. var. y. uncinata ; folus dissitis faleato-secundis. Has. Falkland Islands. 3 5. A. laxifolia, n. sp. ; caulibus laxe ceespitosis parce ramosis foliis lanceolato-subulatis obtusiusculis concavis enerviis ramulinis faleato-secundis caulinis erectis subsecundis laxe imbricatis, perichetialibus elongatis ovato-lanceolatis con- volutis, theca exserta ovato-oblonga. var. B. minor ; theca subexserta. Has. Hamit Island, Cape Horn. 6. A. subulata, Harvey in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 201. var. B. rigida; foliis minus falcatis crassioribus luridis. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn ; Falkland Islands. var. y. perichetialis; theca foliis paricbetialiines minoribus immersa. Has. Lord Auckland’s and Campbell's Islands. Subgenus Acroscuisma, Hook. fil. et Wils. Theca cylindrica, e basi ad medium et ultra indehiscens, apicem versus tantum in valvulis 4 vel 8 fissa ;—an genus - proprium ? 7. A. (Acroschisma) Wilsoni, Hook. fil. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. For the better illustration of this difficult genus, Mr. Wil- z son has furnished me with a tabular view of all the know? a species.—(J. D. H.) MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 537 Conspectus of the known species of ANDRAEA, by W. Wilson, Esq. l. Theca fere ad basin valvulis quatuor dehiscens. 1. (ANDRA auct.) A. FOLIA ENERVIA. a. folia ovato-oblonga, obtusa, margine refle xo. 1. A. nitida, v. supra. b. folia e basi erecta amplexicaulia patenti-incurva ; — obovata, acumine brevi, pericheetialia longiora, con- voluta. 2. A. alpina, Hedw. — ex ovata basi longe acuminata submarginata. 3. A. marginata (v. supra). — ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, basi gibbosa, peri- chetialia sublongiora, vix convoluta. 4. A. acutifolia (v. supra). — ovata, acuminata, obtusiuscula, apice subobliqua (papillosa). 5. A. rupestris, Hedw. (variat foliis nunc secundis nunc undique versatis). €. folia suberecta, subsecunda, basi non amplexicaulia. — ovato-lanceolata, acuta, papillosa, (pericheetialia si- milia? sublongiora). 6. A. mutabilis (v. supra). (variat foliis nunc faleatis laxis, nunc confertiori- bus minoribus subsecundis supremis erectis). — laxa lanceolata, basi attenuata, obtusiuscula, margi- nibus inflexis ; perichetialia longiora, convoluta. 7. A. laxifolia (v. supra). B. FOLIA xgRvATA. — folia lanceolata acuta (secunda) nervo tenui, perichze- tium subnullum. 8. A. nivalis, Hook. — folia lanceolata acuta (secunda) confertiora, magis fal- cata, perichetialia elongata, convoluta. 9. A. Grimsulana, Bruch. | (Obs.—This is now called by Bruch A. Rothii, var. alpina to me it appears to be rather a var. of A. nivalis, with which it agrees very closely in VOL. IH. 2 R 538 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. the structure of the cauline leaves, though the habit is that of A. Rothii). — folia lanceolata-subulata, falcato-secunda, obtusius- cula, nervo validiore, perichetialia longiora, convo- luta, (intima eriervia). 10. A. Rothii, Mohr. — folia lanceolato-subulata, falcato-secunda, obtusius- cula, nervo crasso, latiori. 11. A.crassinervia, Bruch. (This, though retained by Bruch as a species, appears to have less claim to that distinction than A. Grimsulana). | — folia lineari-subulata (longissima) falcato-secunda, nervo crasso excurrente, vel totam angustiorem folii partem replente. 12. A. subulata, Harvey. [variat foliis minus falcatis, perichetio sub- nullo ; A. perichetialis, Hook. fil.] 2. Theca cylindrica, e basi ad medium et ultra indehiscens, apicem versus tantum in valvulis 4 vel 8 fissa. - 2. (Acroscuisma, Hook. fil. et Wils.) 1. A. Wilsoni, Hook. fil. 2. Gymnostomum, Hedw. 8. Gymnostomum (Eucladon) complanatum, nov. sp.3 SUF culis erectis fasciculatis complanatis, foliis trifariis laterali- bus patentibus verticalibus elliptico-lanceolatis acutiusculis - integris nervo subcontinuo, dorsalibus erectis apice opa subrotundis apiculatis nervo subcontinuo, perichætialibus . longioribus erectis linearibus, theca erecta elliptico-oblonga ore angustato-annulato, operculo longirostrato, calyptra di- midiata. 3 Has. New Zealand. On the stem of a tree-fern, growmg with Rhizogonium piliferum, nobis. This curious Moss will probably form the type of ^ »- genus, analogous to Hypopterygium of Bridel, for which we propose the above name of Eucladon. We have not seen any - mature capsules, but in those which clearly show the annulus, — we find no trace of peristome; In habit it is allied to Tun "d phis and Schistostega. Inflorescence dioicous and t sd MUSCI ANTARCTICI, 539 3. Scuistipium, Brid. 9. ScHIsTIDIUM marginatum, nov. sp.; caule erecto, foliis erecto-patentibus lanceolatis subapiculatis marginatis so- lidinerviis subdenticulatis, theca immersa subrotunda, oper- culo conico-rostrato erecto. Has. Kerguelen's Island. Very different from any described species. 4. Pouyrricaum, L. 10. PonvrRICHUM compressum, nov. sp.; caule subsimplici, folis erecto-patentibus lanceolato-subulatis concavis car- nosis subserratis, theca inclinata ovata compressa micro- stoma, operculo conico-rostrato, calyptra apice subpilosa. Haz. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Allied to P. levigatum, Hook., but differs in the compressed capsule and narrower leaves. 11. Potyrricnum squamosum, nov. sp. 3 caule elongato squa- moso superne fastigiatim ramoso, ramis patentibus brevi- bus densis curvatis, folis dense imbricatis suberectis lan- ceolato-subulatis strictis serratis, Hans. Hermite Island. Possibly an alpine barren state of P. dendroides, but very different in aspect. 5. SPLACHNUM, L. 12. SpLacunum purpurascens, nov. sp.; caule elongato, fo- liis patentibus obovato-acuminatis apice recurvis integerri- mis undulatis evanidinerviis, theca ovoideo-oblonga su- perne angustata, apophysi obconica capsula angustiore, operculo conico. Has. Lord Auckland’s group, and Campbell’s Island. “ Allied to S. Octoblepharum ; but larger, with leaves wider, less produced at the apex, and more crisped when dry; cap- - sule narrower, and more tapering below. WU get 6. Grima, Hedw., — 13. Grimmia falcata, nov. sp.; caule laxe caespitoso ramoso : * : 2 R 2 540 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. pendulo, foliis faleato-secundis lanceolato-subulatis crassi- nerviis canaliculatis integerrimis, theca immersa subsessili turbinata, operculo rostellato. Has. Kerguelen's Island. Allied to G. rivularis, but very distinct in its falcate leaves, which have a broad, thick, excurrent nerve. 5 14. GniwwIA tortuosa, nov. sp.; caule pulvinato, foliis erecto-patentibus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis piliferis siccitate tortuosis, theca subsessili urceolata, operculo con- vexo umbonato. Has. Falkland Islands. Allied to G. apocarpa, but the leaves much longer and narrower, crisped and tortuous when dry, the margin plane. 7. Waissta, Hedw. 15. Werssta contecta, nov. sp.; caule ramoso fastigiato, fo- lis erectis strictis lanceolato-setaceis integerrimis solidi- nerviis, seta perbrevi, theca foliis immersa turbinata, oper- eulo rostrato. I: Has. Campbell’s Island. Unlike any described Weissta ; alied to Dicranum filiforme, Schwaegr., but has the teeth of the peristome entire. 16. WzisstA stricta, nov. sp.; caule ramoso, foliis subfalea- tis lanceolato-setaceis rigidis canaliculatis integerrimis crassinerviis nervo longe excurrente, theca subrotunda, operculo rostrato. Has. Kerguelen’s Island. Unlike any described species, 17. Wzrssta tortifolia, nov. sp.; caule ramoso, foliis pa "cd tibus flexuosis siccitate crispatis lineari-subulatis canalicu- latis integerrimis nervo excurrente, perichetialibus breviori- bus convolutis, seta brevi, theca subrotunda, oper rostrato. Han. Kerguelen's Island. ; Closely allied to W. stricta, but differing in its cri widely spreading leaves, which are only half as long. MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 541 8. DicRANUM, Hedw. 18. Dicranum Menziesii, nov. sp. ; caule subramoso, foliis secundis setaceis basi lanceolatis rigidiusculis apice serru- latis strictis, nervo latiusculo valido subexcurrente, seta brevi, theca foliis subimmersa elliptico-oblonga basi stru- mulosa, operculo longirostrato. Has. Lord Auckland's group, barren. Described from specimens gathered in New Zealand by Menzies. Resembles D. fasciatum, Hedw., but has longer, more setaceous nerved leaves, solitary seta, and an oblong capsule. 19. Dicranum pungens, nov. sp.; caule elongato subramoso, foliis patentibus secundis lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis con- volutis apice carinatis serratis tenuinerviis: pericheetialibus longissimis convolutis, seta mediocri tortili, theca oblonga inclinata curvula, operculo longirostro. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. : Resembles D. Blumii, but is somewhat smaller, and with a different capsule. Distinct from D. Billardieri, Schwaegr. in the longer and narrower leaves, and smaller capsule. 20. Dicranum setosum, nov. sp.; caule fragili subramoso, foliis erecto-patentibus strictis longissimis lanceolato-seta- ceis fragilibus apice serrulatis nervo latiusculo subexcur- rente, seta longiuscula, theca oblonga curvata, operculo longirostrato. Has. Lord Auckland's group, and Campbell’s Island. — Allied to D. capillaceum, Bridel, which differs in having a striated capsule, and to D. /ongisetum, Hook., which has a broader indistinct nerve, and straight erect capsule. 2 21. DicRANUM aciphyllum, nov. sp.; caule ramoso, foliis erecto-patentibus strictis rigidis lineari-lanceolatis integerri- mis canaliculatis nervo latissimo continuo, theca subcylin- : drica erecta, peristomii dentibus angustis subintegris, oper- culo longirostrato. : Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, and Falkland Islands. Allied to D. /ongisetum, Hook., but the leaves longer and 542 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. wider, more rigid, less setaceous above and quite entire, the nerve broader, capsule longer, and the teeth of the peristome smaller, and scarcely bifid except at the apex. 22. Dicranum robustum, nov. sp.; caule elongato subra- moso, foliis faleato-secundis longissimis lineari-lanceolatis setaceo-attenuatis convolutis spinuloso- serrulatis, nervo latiusculo excurrente, perichetialibus intimis obtusis mucronulatis enerviis convolutis, theca cylindrica incli- nata curvula strumulosa, operculo longirostrato. Has. Hermite Island. A larger species than D. pungens, differing in the longer more distinctly serrated leaves, with broader excurrent nerve, and the pericheetial leaves much shorter, capsule longer and strumose, teeth of peristome larger. It resembles D. majus, Turner, in general appearance, but has much longer leaves. 23. Dicranum tenuifolium, nov. sp.; caule ramoso, foliis circinnato-falcatis e basi lanceolata longissime capillaceis integerrimis nervo lato continuo, theca suberecta turbinata, operculo longirostrato. Has. Hermite Island. Allied to D. falcatum, but leaves narrower and more pro- duced, and the capsule nearly or quite erect and smaller. 24. Dicranum clathratum, nov. sp.; caule gracili subra- moso, foliis dissitis e basi quadrata vaginante linearibus patulis apice denticulatis obtusis solidinerviis, seta tortili, theca erecta turbinata, operculo longirostro, peristomii den- tibus bi-trifidis clathratis basi perforatis. ; Has. New Zealand. Under the falls of the Kidi-Kidi River. Nearly allied to Dicranum vaginatum, Hook., but of more slender habit, leaves more suddenly dilated below, more spreading and linear above, capsule not contracted below the mouth when dry, more tapering at the base, peristome very different in structure, and the operculum with a longer and more slender beak. | MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 543 9. CauPvLoPus, Brid. 25. CaMPYLoPus capillaceus, nov. sp.; caule elongato sub. ramoso gracili, foliis dissitis patulis e basi dilatata vagi- nante longe capillaceis flexuosis integerrimis solidinerviis - perichzetialibus longioribus erectis, seta arcuata, theca elliptica striata strumosa, operculo rostrato, calyptra dimi- diata basi integra. Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Allied to Dicranum filifolium, Hornsch. in Fl. Brazil. which is a genuine Campylopus, ‘with leaves scarcely dilated at the base. The calyptra in our moss shows the inexpediency of changing the name of the genus to Thysanomitrium. 10. BARBULA, Hedw. 26. BARBULA densifolia, nov. sp.; caule humili subdiviso, foliis patentibus confertis lanceolato-acuminatis acutis mar- ginatis apice serratis nervo continuo, theca oblonga, peris- tomii dentibus contortis membrana basilari breviuscula, operculo subulato. | Han. Falkland Islands. From B. marginata, Bruch and Schimper, it differs in its larger size and acuminated leaves, the nerve not excur- rent, 27. BAnBULA speciosa, nov. sp.; caule elongato subramoso, foliis patulo-recurvis lanceolatis subcarinatis acutis apice serratis nervo continuo, theca cylindrica curvula, peristomii dentibus contortis tubo ad tertiam partem producto, oper- culo subulato. Han. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Differing from all the European Syntrichie (Barbule) in the distinctly serrated leaves, which are not at all pili- ferous, In size and general aspect it resembles B. Mülleri, Br. and Sch. eee 11. Lopuropon, Nov. Gen. 4 Calyptra cuculliformis. Seta terminalis. Perist mium Simplex. Dentes sedecim pyramidati, per paria approxi- 544 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. mati.—Habitus Didymodontis (Hedw.) Nomen a Motor, parva crista. 28. LoPniopow strictus, Hook. fil. et Wils. Has. Lord Auckland's group, and Campbell’s Island. Caules sesquiunciales, graciles, ramosi. Folia erecta, subse- cunda, stricta, siccitate appressa, rigida, basi lanceolata, longe lineari-setacea, nervo valido continuo, apice denticulata ob- tusa ibidem paulo latiora, flavo-viridia. Inflorescentia dioica; flos masculus terminalis, gemmiformis. Folia perichetialia caulinis majora, convoluta. Seta uncia brevior, parum tor- - tilis, pallida. TAeca erecta, ovato-cylindracea, basi rotundata, badia, laevis, nitida. Peristomii dentes conniventes, siccitate erecti, breves, apice attenuati. Annulus magnus. Operculum conico-subulatum, rectum, capsula paulo longius. Calyptra capsula longior, fusca. 19. Dipymopon, Schw. 29. Dipymopon? papillatus, nov. sp. ; caule elongato ramoso; foliis patenti-recurvis trifariis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine recurvis solidinerviis papillosis siccitate erectis subincurvis.—Leskea rubricaulis, Tayl. MSS. Has. Van Diemen's Land. Without fruit. A very peculiar Moss, resembling a Leskea, but the peri- chetia are terminal, though apparently axillary in consequence of the growth of innovations. 13. Drypropon, Brid. 30. Drypropon crispulus, nov. sp.; caule ramoso fastigiato, foliis patentibus ex ovato longe acuminatis carinatis ; nervo continuo, seta perbrevi, theca elliptica, operculo rostrato. Has. Campbell’s Island. Resembles Racomitrium fasciculare in some points, but differs in the very short sete and pale elliptical capsule. - 31. Drypropon rupestris, nov. sp.; caule gracili fastigiato ramoso, foliis patentibus ovato-lanceolatis carinatis mar- MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 545 gine recurvis, nervo subcontinuo, seta brevi, theca elliptico- oblonga erecta, operculo conico-aciculari. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Allied to D. crispulus, but more robust, with shorter leaves not at all piliferous, and larger capsules. 14. GLYPHOCARPA, Brid. 32. GLYPHOCARPA pusilla, nov. sp.; caule subramoso pu- sillo, foliis erecto-patentibus ovatis acutis reticulatis mar- gine planis, nervo subcontinuo, theca cernua globosa, operculo conico. Has. Van Diemen's Land, D. Lyall, Esq. Exceedingly minute, the whole plant not two lines in height. The only species at all resembling it is G. cernua, Wils. MSS., a British species not yet published. 15. ORTHODONTIUM, Schw. 33. Orruopon?ium australe, nov. sp.; caule ramoso fas- tigiato humili, foliis erecto-patentibus erectisve subrecur- vis linearibus subflexuosis, nervo subcontinuo, theca sub- erecta oblonga brevicolli, operculo brevirostrato. Has. Falkland Islands; Hermite Island, Cape Horn; and Van Diemen's Land. Closely allied to O. gracile, Schwaegr. (in litt.) (Bryum gra- cile, Wils. in Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2835), but differs in the form of the capsule, the smaller paler peristome, and the more distinct nerve. The inflorescence is the same in both, and quite different from that of O. lineare, Schwaegr. 16. BRACHYMENIUM, Hook. 34. BRACHYMENIUM ? ovatum, nov. sp.; caule humili, fe lis laxe imbricatis erecto-patentibus quinquefariis ovato- oblongis nervo valido apiculatis : Has. Falkland Islands, barren. ae Resembles Tetraphis pellucida, but differs in the excurrent nerve and 5-farious leaves. * 546 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 17. Bryum, L. 35. Bryum blandum, nov. sp. ; caule subsimplici, foliis erec- to-patentibus imbricatis ellipticis obtusis concavis integer- rimis nervo tenui subcontinuo Has. Campbell’s Island, barren. A beautiful species, with brilliant reddish foliage, allied to B. cellulare, Hook. in Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 214, a., but with larger, more concave and obtuse leaves. 36. Bryum vagans, nov. sp.; caule vage ramoso, foliis pa- tentibus secundis ovato-lanceolatis apiculatis submargina- tis apice serratis nervo subcontinuo ——. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, barren. Allied to B. JVahlenbergii (Br. and Sch.), but larger, the leaves twice as long, less succulent, margined, apiculate, and the nerve almost excurrent. 37. Bryum levigatum, nov. sp. ; caule ramoso, foliis erecto- ` patentibus imbricatis ovatis concavis integerrimis siccitate erectis nervo subcontinuo, theca pendula obovato-oblonga, operculo conico obtuso. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, and Falkland Islands, barren. Described from Van Diemen's Land specimens. A very distinct species, characterized by its concave shining subcoriaceous leaves, intermixed with dark purple radicles. 38. Bryum tenuifolium, nov. sp.; caule humili simplici, folis erectis subsecundis lanceolato-subulatis acutis inte- gerrimis margine evanidinerviis reflexis, perichetialibus longioribus attenuatis, theca subpendula oblonga curvula basi obconica subapophysata, operculo conico. Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. A very small species allied to B. polymorphum, Br. and Schimp. Bryol. Eur.; but with a differently shaped capsule, the inner peristome furnished with cilia ; probably dioicous. 18. OrTHOTRICHUM, Hedw. 39. ORTHOTRICHUM crassifolium, nov. sp.; caule brevi ra- mosiusculo, foliis erecto-patentibus lanceolato-subulatis MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 547 obtusis carnosis nervo crasso subcontinuo, theca subex- serta pyriformi levi, operculo convexo rostellato, peris- tomii dentibus sedecim absque ciliis, calyptra glabra. Has. Lord Auckland's group and Campbell’s Island. Allied perhaps to O. psychrophilum, Montagne; but has leaves more erect, not reflexed in the margin, and the capsule is without strie, and furnished with a single peristome. It is very unlike O. Magellanicum, Montagne. 40. OnTHoTRICHUM angustifolium, nov. sp.; caule brevi ramosiusculo, foliis lineari-subulatis angustissimis erectis carnosis nervo continuo, theca immersa subsessili elliptica, operculo rostellato, peristomii dentibus sedecim absque Ha». Campbell’s Island. Allied to the last, but has longer, narrower, and almost setaceous leaves, and smaller immersed capsules. 19. FissipENS, Hedw. 41. Fissipens capitatus, nov. sp.; caule subsimplici apice subdiviso, foliis distichis quindecim-jugis confertis lineari- lanceolatis acutis siccitate incurvis nervo subcontinuo diaphano, areolis rotundis subpunctatis, setis terminali- bus, theca ovata cernua, flore masculo ad basin peri- cheetii. Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. The stems often bear two sete at the extremity, each from a separate perichætium on a short ramulus, with an inter- mediate perigonium, containing 8-10 antheridia without paraphyses, 42. FissiDENS oblongifolius, nov. sp.; caule dei iac folis distichis viginti-jugis linearibus obtusis siccitate incurvis nervo subcontinuo pellucido, areolis guttulatis, Seta terminali, theca ovata cernua, flore masculo axillari. - Han. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Differs from the last in the linear obtuse leaves, of firmer texture, and more intense yellowish green colour ; also in the Position of the perigonia. 548 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 20. PnvrLLOoGOoNiuM, Brid. 43. PHyLLoconium elegans, nov. sp.; caule repente vage ramoso humili, ramis subsimplicibus brevibus compressis, foliis distichis arcte et concinne imbricatis oblongis sub- cymbiformibus obtusis compresso-carinatis integerrimis enerviis, seta brevi, theca suberecta obovata, operculo conico-rostrato, calyptra mitreformi subpilosa basi lacera. Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. A very small beautiful shining species, closely allied to Phyllog. fulgens, Brid., of which we have seen no perfect spe- cimens ; hence we are unable to determine whether a cuculli- form calyptra be a proper feature of the genus, which as constituted by Bridel is untenable, including both acro- carpous and pleurocarpous Mosses. 21. Hymenopon, (Nov. Gen.) Seta lateralis, basilaris. Peristomium simplex; dentes sedecim, membranacei, fugaces, cquidistantes, lineari-subu- lati imperforati in cupulam conniventes apicibusque cohe- rentes, membrana basilari angusta persistente connexi. Ca- lyptra dimidiata. Nomen ab vunv et oóev.— Genus pro- prium, filicoideum, habitu Rhizogonio (Brid.) Surculi frondiformes, dense fasciculati, erecti, perichetia ad basin gerentes. Folia subdisticha, eruginosa, papillosa, humorem repellentia. Theca alte pedunculata, suberecta, subcylindraeca. Habitatio arborea. Vita perennis. 44. Hymenonon piliferus, Hook. fil. et Wils. Has. Van Diemen’s Land, and New Zealand. 23. Hooxeria, Sm. 45. Hooxeria pulchella, nov. sp.; caule procumbente dis- tiche ramoso, ramis compressis, foliis confertis imbricatis subdistichis obovatis obtusis marginatis seminerviis, theca suberecta oblonga apophysata, operculo rostrato, calyptra basi densissime fimbriata superne glabra. Has. Lord Auckland's group. MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 549 A beautiful little species of a pale straw colour, with the calyptra exactly as in Daltonia splachnoides, (Schwaegr.) con- necting that moss with the genuine Hookerie. 46. Hookeria nervosa, nov. sp.; caule ramosiusculo fasti- giato, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis carinatis marginatis integerrimis solidinerviis, theca ovato-cylindrica erecta apophysata, calyptra basi fimbriata. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Exceedingly like Daltonia splachnoides, differing thus :— Inflorescence not hermaphrodite as in that moss, peristome shorter, inner one more decidedly that of Hookeria, calyptra twice as long, capsule more oblong, leaves wider, more spreading and carinate, the nerve extending quite to the apex. 47. Hooxerta apiculata, nov. sp.; caule compresso simpli- ciusculo, foliis imbricato-distichis rotundatis apiculatis marginatis apice subdenticulatis subenerviis. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, barren. Differs from H. asplenioides, Schwegr. in its smaller size and the more entire leaves, which have the margin distinctly cartilaginous, undulated when dry. 48. HookznrA flaccida, nov. sp.; caule elongato erecto debili ramosiusculo, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus ellipticis concavis obtusis apiculatis integerrimis anguste marginatis evanidinerviis, seta elongata levi, theca erecta obovato-oblonga, operculo rostrato, calyptra glabra basi fimbriata, Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. E A very remarkable species, of soft delicate texture, with the calyptra as in Daltonia splachnoides. 49. Hooxeria Dicksoni, Hook. mss. ; caule ramoso com- . Planato, ramis compressis, foliis laxe imbricatis subdis- tichis elliptico-oblongis undulatis integerrimis marginatis seminerviis acumine brevi, seta lævi, theca elliptica cernua, operculo rostellato, calyptra glabra. 550 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn and Falklands. Allied to H. pulchella, but has leaves less crowded, more erect, less obtuse, elliptical and shortly acuminated with larger areole, the capsules larger and decidedly cernuous. In the original specimen from Mr. Dickson, the calyptra is fringed at the base; but our specimens from the above Islands scarcely exhibit this character. 50. Hooxerra dentata, nov. sp.; caule erectiusculo subra- moso, foliis laxe imbricatis subquadrifariis lateralibus dis- tichis intermediis appressis subrotundis grosse dentatis seminerviis, theca pendula ovata, operculo rostrato, ca- lyptra glabra. Has. Lord Auckland's group and Campbell’s Island. Allied to H. qwadrifaria, Hook. ; but smaller, and easily known by its dentate leaves. In general aspect it approaches H. cristata. 51. HOOKERIA punctata, nov. sp.; caule pinnatim ramoso, ramis compressis, foliis subdistichis imbricatis patentibus obovatis subapiculatis serrulatis punctato-areolatis semi- nerviis, perichetialibus squarrosis, seta levi, theca nu- tante elliptica, opereulo rostrato, calyptra glabra albida carnosa. var. 6 oblongifolia ; ramis minus compressis, foliis erecto- patentibus oblongo-obovatis siccitate undulatis eroso- denticulatis nervo validiore ultramedium attingente. Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Remarkable for the minutely punctate areolation of the leaves. The var. 8 may perhaps prove to be a different species, with stems subdendroid, more decidedly and copiously pinnate, the leaves longer, less spreading, of a darker green, and un- dulated. 52. Hooxeria crispula, nov. sp.; caule ramoso complanato, ramis compressis, foliis laxe imbricatis subdistichis paten- tibus subobliquis apiculatis marginatis subundulatis inte- gerrimis seminerviis opacis inferne pellucidis siccitate MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 551 crispatis, pericheetialibus ovato-acuminatis, seta levi, theca ovata horizontali, operculo rostrato, calyptra subpilosa basi. fimbriata. Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. A small species allied to H. Dicksoni, but with the areola- tion of the leaf much more minute, calyptra like that of Dal- tonia splachnoides. 53. Hook nz rotundifolia, nov. sp.; caule ramoso compla- nato, ramis compressis, folis imbricatis subdistichis ovato- rotundis apiculatis marginatis apice denticulatis seminerviis (areolis majusculis hexagonis), seta levi, theca elliptico- oblonga horizontali, operculo rostrato. Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Still more closely allied to H. Dicksoni, but differs in the smaller leaves, with a broader denticulate margin. From H. crispula, which it also much resembles, it is distinguished by the rounder leaves, with larger and more uniform areole. 24. LEsKEA, Hedw. 54. Leskea nitida, nov. sp.; caule vage ramoso, ramis lon- Siusculis subsimplicibus teretibus, foliis imbricatis sub- erectis ovato-oblongis acuminatis concavis integerrimis basi binerviis, seta levi, theca cylindrica suberecta cur- vula, operculo brevirostrato. - Han. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, barren. Described in part from a specimen gathered in Staten Land, by Menzies. No. 18. Resembles Hypnum stramineum, but has the leaves acu- minated, and almost piliferous, and the operculum rostrate. 25. Hypnum, L. 56. Hypnum elongatum, nov. sp.; caule elongato robusto Subramoso, ramis elongatis, foliis erecto-patentibus ovato- lanceolatis apiculatis striatis serrulatis nervo excurrente. — Han, Lord Auckland’s group and Campbell's Island, n. Similar to H. densum, Sw.; but has leaves less attenuated 552 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. above, less distinctly serrated, not fragile, and the nerve ex- current. 56. Hypnum consimile, nov. sp.; caule elongato subramoso debili, foliis erecto-patentibus superioribus secundis ovato- lanceolatis acuminatis serrulatis striatis nervo subexcur- rente. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Like the last, but with leaves of a different shape, gradually tapering to a point, more minutely serrulate, nerve stronger, and the areolation more minute. 57. Hypnum scabrifolium, nov. sp.; caule pinnato, foliis laxe imbricatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine scabris dorso papillosis nervo valido subexcurrente. Has. Lord Auckland's group, barren. Allied to H. crispifolium, Hook.; but smaller, and the leaves not plicate nor falcate. 58. Hypnum hispidum, nov. sp.; caule arcuato ramosius- culo, foliis imbricatis falcato-secundis ovatis longe acumi- natis plicatis integerrimis nervo crasso longe excurrente, seta levi, theca ovata æquali, operculo longirostro. Has. Lord Auckland’s group, barren. Described, as to the fructification, from New Zealand specimens. Apparently amphibious; the elongated aquatic state re- sembles Anictangium aquaticum, Hedw. 59. Hypnum chlamydophyllum, nov. sp; caule ramosiusculo, ramis elongatis simplicibus apice cuspidatis, foliis imbri- catis patulis quadrato-rotundis obtusis concavis basi trun- catis integerrimis nervo breviusculo evanido, seta elongata gracili levi, theca ovato-oblonga cernua, operculo conico. Has. Campbell’s Island, barren. Described in part from Van Diemen’s Land specimens. Allied to H. cochlearifolium, Schwaegr. but differing in the cuspidate branches, broader and more flaccid leaves, curiously widened and truncated at the base, where a number of large pellucid cells are visible; the seta also is longer and more slender. From H. auriculatum, Mont. it differs in its wider leaves. | MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 553 60. Hypnum gracile, nov. sp.; caule ramoso, ramis gracili- bus subrecurvis, foliis imbricatis secundis erecto-patenti- bus ellipticis obtusiusculis coneavis subdenticulatis sub- enerviis, perichetialibus squarrosis. Has. Lord Auckland's group, without fruit. Allied to H. micans, Wils. in Hook. Br. FL, but has larger leaves, not recurved at the margin. 61. Hypnum acutifolium, nov. sp.; caule fastigiato ramoso, foliis dense imbricatis suberectis elliptico-lanceolatis acu- minatis enerviis integerrimis. Has. Campbell’s Island, barren. Allied to H. extenuatum, Brid.? but smaller, with the leaves more erect, and tapering gradually to a very narrow point, 62. Hypnum politum, nov. sp.; caule ramoso compresso, folis distichis patentibus oblongis compresso-carinatis subpiliferis integerrimis enerviis, seta laevi, theca suberecta oblonga. Ha». Hermite Island, Cape Horn, with capsules. Kergue- len’s Island, barren. an A very beautiful, silky moss, unlike any described species, and, except in the peristome, more like a Leskea. 63. Hypnum reticulatum, nov. sp.; caule erecto simplicius- culo, foliis distichis patentibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis vix piliferis submarginatis reticulatis apice serrulatis nervo tenui subexcurrente. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, barren. Differs from H. subbasilare, Hook. in the acuminated and distichous leaves and the subexcurrent nerve. In habit it much resembles H. denticulatum. 64. Hypnum subpilosum, nov. sp.; caule subfastigiato ra- moso, foliis imbricatis suberectis cordato-ovatis acuminatis subpiliferis concavis striatis serrulatis ruptinerviis. 4B. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, barren. NT Nearly allied to H. rutabulum, but smaller, the leaves more and more closely imbricated. 3 65. Hypnum conspissatum, nov. sp.; caule elongato ramoso, VOL, 111, 258 554 MUSCI ANTARCTICI. foliis secundis patentibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis mar- gine incrassatis integerrimis solidinerviis. Has. Kerguelen’s Island and Falkland Islands. The leaves resemble those of Cinclidotus fontinaloides, but the habit is different, and more like that of Hypnum rusci- folium. 66. Hypnum paradoxum, nov. sp.; caule repente subpin- nato, folis faleato-secundis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis striatis serrulatis ruptinerviis, seta scabra, theca cernua ovato-oblonga. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. In everything but the scabrous seta this moss is exceed- ingly like H. aduncum. = 67. Hypnum lucidum, n. sp.; caule ramoso humili, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus ovato-acuminatis apice at- tenuatis integerrimis margine reflexis basi binerviis, seta levi, theca cernua ovato-oblonga. Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Resembles H. Silesiacum, Schwaegr. but in character wholly different, and more allied to H. adnatum, Hedw. from which it differs in its flaccid leaves, which have the margin recurved to the summit as in H. rugulosum. 63. Hypnum falcifolium, nov. sp.; caule procumbente vage ramoso, ramis brevibus subsimplicibus compressis, folus distichis imbricatis patentibus oblongo-acinaciformibus ob- tusis enerviis integerrimis, seta levi, theca elliptico-oblonga nutante, operculo conico. j Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. DE A very beautiful and remarkable species with shining leaves ; in habit allied to Leskea trichomanoides, but with the peristome truly that of a Hypnum. 69. Hypnum marginatum, nov. sp. ; dendroideum, caule erecto fasciculatim ramoso, foliis laxe subbifariam imbri- catis erecto-patentibus ovato-oblongis concaviusculis mar- ginatis serrulatis solidinerviis (nervo dorso spinuloso), theca cernua cylindrica curvula sulcata, operculo rostrato- Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. : MUSCI ANTARCTICI. 555 Allied to H. spininervium, Hook. but taller, the leaves more distant and oblique, less strongly serrated, distinctly bordered, nerve stronger and reticulation smaller. 70. Hypnum pulvinatum, nov. sp.; caule humili diviso pin- natim ramoso, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus ramulinis subsecundis ovatis acuminatis concaviusculis enerviis inte- gerrimis, pericheetialibus squarrosis, seta levi, theca ovata cernua. Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Somewhat allied in habit to H. myosuroides, but smaller. We have not seen the operculum. 71. Hypnum crinitum, nov. sp.; caule procumbente bipin- natim ramoso, ramis planiusculis apice cuspidatis, foliis patentibus ellipticis concavis convolutis obtusis longe piliferis integerrimis subenerviis, seta levi, theca subovata cernua, operculo conico. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. Differs from Bridel’s description of H. eatenuatum in the following particulars. Stem pinnate, branches not flagelli- form, leaves not ovate-lanceolate, the areolz not “ laxe-rhom- boidex,” nor are any of the leaves destitute of piliform terminations, and there is no resemblance to H. cupressi- forme. 72. Hyrnum Drummondii, Tayl. mss.; caule vage ramoso, ramis subsimplicibus subincurvis, foliis patentibus secundis (surrectis) ovatis acutis margine recurvis integerrimis ener- viis, seta levi, theca suberecta oblonga curvula, operculo longirostrato. —H. Drummondii, Tayl. mss. sine descript. Van Diemen's Land. (1840). Found also at King George's Sound, New Holland, by Mr. Cunningham, and at Swan River by Mr. James Drummond. : This moss is allied to H. Haldianum, Greville (which is the original name for the moss named H. curvirostre, Bridel, Br. Un.) and to H. Lozense, Schwaegr. but has the leaves more decidedly recurved in the margin, the Whole plant smaller, of a shining golden brown colour, tinged below with red. a 2s 2 556 HEPATIC/E NOVA ZELANDIA, &c. 73. Hypnum divulsum, nov. sp. ; caule rigido crasso sub- dendroideo superne ramoso, ramis confertis subsimplicibus incurviusculis, foliis patulis lase imbricatis obovato-rotun- datis concavis obtusissimis minutissime serrulatis semi- nerviis areolis punctatis, seta levi, theca ovata cernua, operculo conico-acuminato. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. In habit not unlike H. vagans, Hornsch., but that has api- culate leaves, less widely patent, and is altogether a more handsome moss. (To be continued). Herarica Nove ZELANDLE et Tasmania; being cha- racters and brief descriptions of the Heraricæ discovered in the Islands of New Zealand and Van Diemen’s Land, during the Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror, together with those collected by R. C. Gunn and W. Colenso, Esqrs.; by Dr. J. D. Hooker and Dr. Tuomas TAYLOR. Continued from page 481 of the Volume.) III.—S»EcrgEs or New ZEALAND. JUNGERMANNIA, £L. (Gottschea, Nees v. Esenbeck). 1. J. Balfouriana, n. sp.; caule subceespitoso erecto sub- ramoso squamoso, folis subimbricatis patentibus planis lobo ventrali oblongo subtus apicem versus cristato cristis tribus lanceolatis ciliatis dorsali semiovato utroque obtuso ciliato, stipulis quadrato-rotundatis quadrifidis laciniis ob- tusis ciliato-dentatis. Has. New Zealand, Dr. Stanger and Mr. Colenso. Stems about two inches high, pale green, rising from ? creeping root, the scales lanceolate, ciliate. Leaves crowded but scarcely imbricated, oblong-lanceolate, very obtuse, bear- ing above a vertical lobe more than half the length of the leaf, the two lobes at their bases embrace the stem. Both. HEPATIC/E NOVE ZELANDLE, &c. 557 lobes, as well as the lacinie of the stipules, are obtuse and ciliated. In February, 1842, Dr. Taylor received this New Zealand species from Dr. Balfour of Glasgow, with whose permis- sion, and after whom, it has been named. More lately, the same has been collected by Mr. Colenso, and in the same Island. The Gottschee of Nees are a tribe of Jungermannie unknown to the northern hemisphere, while in the southern they range from the latitude of Cape Horn to within six degrees of the equator, as at Java, whence three species have been brought to Europe. Of these it is to Gottschea Blumii of Nees that the present is most nearly allied, and from which it may be distinguished by the smaller size, by its leaves less falcate, by the more entire cauline scales, and above all by the quadrifid stipules. 2 2. J. repleta, n. sp. caule cespitoso erecto ramoso, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus amplexicaulibus lobo ventrali late ovato-lanceolato subacuto subtus apicem versus cris- tato cristis tribus subintegerrimis dorsali foliigeno late ovato uniplicato utroque dentato, stipulis imbricatis ob- longis bifidis segmentis bilaciniatis ciliatis. Has. New Zealand, Mr. Colenso. Tufts close, very pale, pea-green. Roots purple. Stems about two inches high, branched above. Leaves about one eighth of an inch long, more erect when dry, nearly patent When moistened, scarcely acute, the cellules large, the teeth of the margin are very long and usually a little curved. The dorsal lobe is shorter than the ventral. Stipules deeply bifid, their segments with shallower divisions. There are no Scales on the stems. The margins of the leaves are so incised as to give them the appearance of being sublobate. From the preceding, this species may be distinguished by the shorter, wider, and more acute leaves, by their larger dentation and by the bifid stipules; from Gottschea Blumit, Nees, by the shorter, straighter, and more acute leaves, and from both by the absence of cauline scales. 3. J. appendiculata, Hook. ; Musci Exot. t. 15. 558 HEPATICA NOVJE ZELANDIE, &c. Has. New Zealand. 4. J. unguicularis, n. sp.; caule subcespitoso prostrato sub- ramoso complanato squamoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus amplexicaulibus lobo ventrali elongate elliptico obtuso basi antica elongata ciliata ceterum dentato subuniplicato dor- sali latè ovato truncato ciliato-dentato, stipulis bifidis seg- mentis laciniatis ciliatis. Has. New Zealand. Patches lying flat on decayed bark of trees, very pale pea- green. Stems scarcely one and a half inches high, with one or two erect annual shoots from their summits. The leaves lie nearly in the same plane and embrace the stem between the lobes, the ventral lobe is remarkably ciliated at the ante- base; the joining of the dorsal lobe is protracted on the ventral into a linear crest. Cauline scales linear, divided above into two or three linear-setaceous branches. The elongated ciliz of the leaves, stipules and cauline scales being com- posed of a single series of cellules, appear articulated. Sti- pules large, bifid, each segment usually bilaciniated, some- times however the stipule is composed of three lacinie only. The present species, in character, comes very near to our J. repleta. It is distinguished by its scaly stem, its more obtuse ventral lobe, which too is elongato-ciliate at the base, by the very distinctly truncate dorsal lobe, and by the deeper laciniation of its stipules. It is besides of a brighter, though paler green colour, and its stems are shorter. : 5. J. tuloides, n. sp.; caule disperso procumbente abbreviato subramoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus apice dentatis lobo ventrali ovato-lanceolato acuto dorsali breviore ovato apice truncato margine anteriore recurvo. Has. New Zealand, Mr. Colenso. Plants growing among tufts of other Musci or Hepatice, about half an inch long, very pale greenish-yellow, subcom- pressed, wide, short, their tops obtuse. Leaves thickly set, embracing the stems by their bases: the lower leaves are scarcely dentate, but the upper and younger have large rather obtuse teeth ; the dorsal lobe, not half the size of the ventral, HEPATICH NOVÆ ZELANDIA, &c. 559 is truncate at the top, and is concave from the anterior mar- gin being reflexed. There are no stipules, This is allied to Gottschea. aligera of Nees from Java, by the figure of both lobes of the leaves; but these are less . toothed and the stipules are altogether wanting. . (Jungermannia, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 6. J. monodon, n. sp.; caule cespitoso procumbente vage subramoso apice incurvo, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus secundis unico dente apiculatis, calyce terminali ovato inflato plicato acuminulato ore denticulato. Has. New Zealand. Patches lying usually on other Musci or Jungermannie, of a dusky, tawny colour. Stems scarcely one inch long, chan- nelled on the upper side, sending down rootlets from their entire length. The lower leaves much the smallest, all of them pointing upwards. Perichetial leaves four, the exte- rior bifid, the interior trifid, all of them denticulate. Calyces widely ovate, longitudinally plicate. _ This has been compared to Jung. contracta of Nees, from Java. It may be known to be different by its shorter stems, incurved at their summits, and by the more densely imbri- cated leaves, which are more obtuse and strikingly uni- dentate. 7. J. inundata, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato subramoso, foliis subimbricatis subpatentibus oblongo-rotundatis con- cavis integerrimis margine apicali incurvo, stipulis ovatis acutis bidentatis, calyce terminali oblongo apice dentato, capsula spheerica. Haz. In inundated situations, New Zealand. Patches several inches broad, pale dusky green. Stems Scarcely one inchlong. Leaves approximated, often homo- mallous, slightly decurrent in front, their structure dense. Stipules large, broadly ovate, having à shallow notch ed the very summit; sometimes this notch is wanting. - Perichaetial leaves larger and more patent than the cauline. ; Calyx broadly oblong, thick, plicate at the summit, and dividing 560 HEPATICZ NOVA ZELANDLE, &c. into four or five short blunt teeth. Pedicel about half an inch long. Capsule spherical; seeds brownish-red, nu- merous; spiral filaments broad in the middle, much acumi- nated at both ends, having a double helix. 8. J. rotata, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente recurvo ramoso, ramis patenti-recurvis, folis imbricatis erecto- patentibus secundis rotundatis concaviusculis integerrimis margine anteriore subdecurrente. Has. New Zealand. Patches several inches in diameter; the older parts blackish, the newer parts olive. Stems three inches long, much and irregularly branched, the branches frequently cur- ving back. Leaves with an oblique base across the stem, otherwise nearly round, their margin by no means incrassated, their structure densely cellular. The determination of this species, whose fructification is unknown, is unsatisfactory, from its strong resemblance to Jung. Schraderi of Martius. It appears to be distinct by its greater size, by the minuter cellules of its leaves and more branched habit. (Gymnanthe, Tay/.) 9. J. tenella, nobis supra, p. 377. Has. New Zealand. (Lophocolea, Nees v. Esenbeck). 10. J. diademata, n. sp. ; caule implexo prostrato complanato vage ramoso, foliis subcontiguis patentibus ovato-oblongis emarginatis segmentis divaricatis spiniformibns, stipulis quadrifidis segmentis linearibus, calyce terminali cylindra- ceo-oblongo triquetro trialato alis dentatis bilabiato ciliato labio inferiore longiore bifido. Has. New Zealand. Patches thin, several inches wide, pale dusky olive. Stem about one inch long; the branches few, patent. Leaves scarcely imbricated, lying in the same plane, oblong, the outline swelling out about the middle of the anterior margin, their cells large, their sinus obtuse, the segments much HEPATICZ NOV ZELANDLE, &c. 561 divaricated. The stipules have four setaceous segments which are quite entire. "The perichztial leaves are more erect, wider, and their margin is more waved than the cauline, they are sometimes sparingly dentate. The oblong triquetrous calyx has the mouth beautifully fringed and one lip much longer than the other; it has usually three wings which are strongly dentate. The perigonia occur about the middle of a shoot and consist of closely imbricated, adpressed, upright leaves, ventricose at the base, their points standing out from the stem; the stipules of the perigonia are less compounded than those of the rest of the stem, being for the most part simply bifid. The capsule is oblong, splitting into four elliptical valves, discharging numerous, minute, round seeds and spiral filaments with a double helix. This species approaches the European Jung. bidentata L. differing from it by its smaller size, more deeply notched leaves, their segments more elongated, by the quadrifid stipules with entire segments, but above all by the inequality of the two lips of the calyx. ll. J. physantha, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente ra- moso, foliis imbricatis patentibus oblongo-ovatis antice gibbosis longius bidentatis ceterum integerrimis, stipulis bifidis utrinque unidentatis, calyce laterali subrotundo truncato basi tumido apice compresso longius ciliato. Has. New Zealand. Patches more than two inches wide, dusky yellowish- Steen. Stems £o inches long. Leaves of the young shoots often secund, the older lying in the same plane, largely cel- lulose. Stipules in four segments of which the two lateral are the shortest and most patent; calyx rising from the side of the branch, covered by three larger pericheetial leaves, bifid and here and there toothed: these, again, often lie Within two or three cauline leaves which depart from their usual direction and become adpressed to the perichetium, Such are often trifid at their summits. Pedicel about one inch long. Capsule oval, splitting into four valves and dis- charging numerous brown seeds and spiral filaments with a |o NOL, IE 9T 562 HEPATICH NOVA ZELANDLE, &c. double helix, the last portions of which remain fixed at the bottom of the capsule. The present is exceedingly like our Jung. multipenna; it mày be known by the pair of spines terminating the leaves, as well as by its short tumid, truncate calyx. 12. J. chlorophylla, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente ramoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus rotundato-ovatis tridentatis, stipulis rotundato-oblongis bifidis laciniis dentato-ciliatis. Has. New Zealand. Patches some inehes wide, pale yellowish-green. Leaves often secund, bifid at the summit but with an anterior large tooth, so as to appear tridentate, but the circular sinus 1s between the two posterior teeth. The pericheetial leaves are larger, more erect and rounder than the cauline and are for the most part dentate on each side of the division at the summit, Stipules large in proportion to the stem, being three times as wide, and like the leaves have but a shallow division at their summits. wes 13. J. lenta, nobis, ante p. 379. . Has. New Zealand. 14. J. recurvifolia, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato ramoso; foliis imbricatis patentibus apice recurvis ovatis me gibbosis rotundato-emarginatis bidentatis, stipulis minutis lanceolatis bipartitis segmentis integerrimis. Has. New Zealand. - Patches wide, dusky olive-coloured. Stems about one inch long, irregularly branched. Leaves, even in the moist- ened state, recurved at their tops, their emargination is deep and curved and their teeth are large and bent towards each other. | It is difficult to state the characters by which the presen is distinguished from our Jung. allodonta; however, W° constantly find the cells of the leaves smaller, the leaves shorter and having the anterior margin gibbous, the two large teeth more constantly present and the entire plant smaller. i y HEPATICA NOVE ZELANDLA, &c. 563 (Chiloscyphus, Nees v. Esenbeck). 15. J. canaliculata, n. sp.; caule subceespitoso prostrato sub- ramoso, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus oblongo-rotun- datis subintegerrimis apice siccitate recurvis, stipulis bifidis segmentis laciniatis, calyce terminali oblongo subcompresso ore bilabiato denticulato. Has. New Zealand. - Patches about two inches wide, pale yellowish-green. Stems scarcely half an inch long, when dry appearing chan- nelled above from the recurvation of the tops of the leaves. These are scarcely decurrent, oblongo-rotundate, mostly entire, yet towards the top of the stem they shew a few very indistinct teeth. Calyx tumid, widely oblong, the bilabiate top sub-compressed previous to the egress of the capsule. Perigonia short, terminal spikes of closely set ventricose denticulate leaves, each containing in the axil a single pedicellated anther. | ix | 16. J. oblongifolia, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato vage ramoso, ramis patentibus complanatis, foliis contiguis patentibus planis oblongis apice retusis bidentatis ceterum integerrimis cum stipula obovata dentata recurva connatis. Haz. New Zealand. Patches four inches wide, blackish-green. Stems two inches long, flattish, at length turning black, ofien simple, some- times with two or three branches at right angles to the stem. Leaves scarcely imbricated, when dry lying in one plane, When moistened slightly inclining to one another, their lower ‘Margin meeting the stem at a more acute angle than the upper, from a broad base oblong, very obtuse or rather retuse, having a spiniform tooth at the extremity of each margin, with a wide slightly waved sinus between, posteriorly the leaves grow to the stipules; these have from six to eight large teeth, are recurved and have one decurrent side longer than the other. : ea pee " "This species bears some resemblance to Jung. integrifolia L. et L., in this, however, the ‘termination of the leaf is alto- 2T2 564 HEPATICH NOV/E ZELANDLE, &c. gether destitute of the two remarkable teeth present in our species. (Plagiochila, Nees v. Esenbeck). 17. J. gigantea, Hook. Musci Exot. t. 93. Has. New Zealand. 18. J. decipiens, Hook. Brit. Jungermannie, t. 50. Has. New Zealand. ! 19. J. incurvicolla, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso erecto apice in- curvo subramoso, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus se- cundis ex angusta basi rotundatis margine incurvis antice dentatis. Has. New Zealand. Hee Tufts wide, blackish-olive. Stems about half an inch high, bending at their tops in the same direction. Leaves convex from the recurvation of both margins, round, yet slightly gibbous on thé inferior side, secund, those on the top of the shoot compressed, dentation large in proportion to the size of the leaf. Structure densely cellular. The present approaches nearer to Jung. punctata, Tayl., lately found in Ireland, than to any other of the tribe; from this it may be known by its smaller size, darker colour, its more round leaves, and their dentation more frequent as well as more minute. ; 20. J. gregaria, n. sp.; caule cæspitoso erecto ramoso Capi- tato, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus secundis margine recurvis integerrimis, calyce terminali oblongo truncato apice scarioso integerrimo, capsula sphærica. Has. New Zealand. Tufts several inches wide, pale dusky olive-green. Stems two inches high, irregularly branched, branches erect. Leaves suddenly enlarging at the top of the stems into a flat capi- tulus ; entire, or, on the young shoots, showing now and then, only a single diminutive tooth; perichetial leaves subdenti- culate. Calyx large yet short, wide, oblong, split down on one side, the mouth subcompressed, whitish and skinny ph quite entire, Capsule globular. [um . HEPATICH NOVJE ZELANDIA, &c. 565 In characters this species comes very near to Plagiochila interrupta of Lindenberg from Switzerland. The present, however, is much larger, more erect, while the leaves are longer and more convex. 21. J. fruticelia, n. sp. caule cespitoso erecto ramoso basi subnudo, foliis contiguis erecto-patentibus ex angusta basi obovatis margine recurvis apice subtridentatis, calyce ter- minali obovato subcompresso bilabiato ciliato-dentato. Has. New Zealand. Patches loose, wide, pale green. Stems four inches high, naked below, repeatedly branched and fascicled above; the branches erecto-patent, bending. Leaves not imbricated, just touching one another, convex from the recurvation of the margins, teeth three or four, sometimes only two, limited to the tops of the leaves, except the pericheetial which are ` more extensively dentate, and the terminating pair are erect and adpressed to the calyx. "This has a wide mouth closely toothed, almost ciliated. The single perigonium observed was a lanceolate terminal spike, more pale than the cauline leaves. This species is strongly allied to Plagiochila sciophila, Lind. from Nepal; this last however is a prostrate species, is much smaller, has the leaves shorter, their anterior margin more curved and by no means has a dendroid habit. (Lepidozea, Nees v. Esenbeck). 22. J. levifolia, nobis supra, p. 385. Has. New Zealand. 23. J. tetradactyla, nobis supra, p. 386. _ Haz. New Zealand. (Mastigobryum, Nees v. Esenbeck). 24. J. Nove-Hollandie, Nees. Has. New Zealand. (Mastigophora, Nees v. Esenbeck). 25. J. flagellifera, Hook. Musci Exot. t. 59. Has, New Zealand. | 566 HEPATICZ NOV ZELANDLE, &c. (Trichocolea, Nees v. Esenbeck). 26. J. lanata, Hook. Musci Exot. t. 116. Has. New Zealand. 27. J. mollissima, nobis supra, p. 390. Has. New Zealand. (Radula, Nees v. Esenbeck). 28. J. marginata, n. sp.; caule implexo procumbente com- planato vage ramoso, foliis distichis subimbricatis patentibus lobo superiori oblongo-rotundato integerrimo marginato inferiori ovato-Janceolato obtuso, calyce terminali elongato cylindraceo compresso bilabiato labiis subtruncatis inte- gerrimis. Has. New Zealand. Patches several inches in diameter, dark olive. Stems three inches long, branches short, erecto-patent. Leaves about half a line long, in the dry state they have a reflexed margin, when moistened this is seen to arise from an opaque band surrounding the leaf and just within its extreme margin; the inferior lobe lies close to the stem and is longer tban usual in this tribe. Perichetial leaves erect and elongated. Calyx very narrow at the base and three times as long as the perichztium, marginated at each side. From Jung. complanata L., and from every other known species of this tribe, the singular margination of the leaf will at once distinguish the present. (Madotheca, Nees v. Esenbeck). 29. J. platyphylla, L. Has. New Zealand. (Frullania, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 30. J. clavigera, Hook. Musci Exot. t. 70. Has. New Zealand. set 31. J. pycnantha. n. sp. ; caule caspitoso procumbente sub- HEPATICA NOVJE ZELANDLE, &c. 567 pinnatim ramoso, ramis perichetialibus creberrimis, foliis imbricatis transversalibus patentibus lobo superiori rotun- dato integerrimo siccitate margine recurvo basi utrinque aurito inferiori minuto galeiformi, stipulis oblongis bifidis margine reflexis, Has. New Zealand. Patches a foot or more in diameter, pale olive green, the older parts brown, closely matted together. Stems about two inches long, slender, cauline branches few, the periche- tial very frequent, alternate and giving the shoot a pinnate appearance. The leaves have their planes nearly perpendi- cular to the stem, imbrieated and adpressed when dry, but opening out so as not to touch one another when moistened, the margin towards the top is remarkably recurved in the dry state. Leaves amplexicaul, but just near to their inser- tion turning off from the stem into a round flat process at each side, which is very characteristic. Stipules scarcely wider than the stems. The perichetial leaves much longer than the cauline, upright, somewhat concave, and in place of the lesser cauline lobe have each a lanceolate, flat, erect, toothed process, the stipular leaf is bifid and with the seg- ments toothed. In habit the present is not unlike the preceding, but the characters given shew wide differences between these species. (Thysananthus, Nees v. Esenbeck). 32. J. anguiformis, n. sp. caule cespitoso erecto subramoso, ramis erectis, foliis arcte imbricatis madore patentibus lobo superiori oblongo rotundato, margine recurvo integerrimo inferiori lanceolato involuto, stipulis late rotundatis, calyce axillari oblongo subcompresso dorso bialato apice tubo minuto coronato. Has. New Zealand, Colenso. c . Tufts two inches wide, pale dusky olive. Stems about o meh high, the branches parallel and erect. Leaves in a dry state closely imbricated and adpressed, giving the shoots a 568 HEPATICZ NOVÆ ZELANDLE, &c. cylindrical appearance, when moistened, however, they be- come patent with their tops recurved. The stipules are imbricated, thin, round, broader than long. Calyces flattened and compressed beneath, and have two ridges on the upper and convex surface besides the lateral wings. The present differs from Thysananthus comosus, Lind., from Guyana by its smaller size, by the more rounded tops of the leaves, by the absence of a decurrent tooth at each side to the stipules, which too are broader than long and their margins are plane not recurved. (Lejeunia, Sprengel). 33. J. serpyllifolia, Dicks. Crypt. Fascic. 4, p. 19. Has. New Zealand. 34. J. olivacea, n. sp. caule implexo procumbente subpin- natim ramoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus siccitate rugosis lobo superiori rotundato-oblongo recurvo integerrimo apice margine inflexo inferiori ovato involuto unidentato, stipulis latis rotundatis integerrimis, calyce demum axillari oblongo quadrialato striato tubo minuto coronato. Has. New Zealand, Colenso. 3 Patches several inches in diameter, olive-coloured as in Parmelia olivacea, Ach. Stems about half an inch long; branches short, thick, much clustered in the patch. Leaves appearing wrinkled when dry from the turning in of the anterior margin, their tops discharging colour and becoming white and skinny by old age; the lesser lobe tumid, having a single tooth near its junction with the upper lobe out- wards. Stipules large, widely elliptical, entire, but the margin liable to be corroded by insects or by time. This is allied to Jung. conferta, Meissner, which, however is a smaller plant, with less opaque leaves and whose inferior lobe wants the single tooth conspicuous in the present. 35. J. nudipes, n. sp. caule implexo prostrato ramoso, distantibus patentibus integerrimis lobo superiori obovato acutiusculo subconcayo inferiori minuto lineari-obovato HEPATICÆ NOV.E ZELANDLE, &c. 569 plano adpresso, stipulis minutis bifidis, calyce demum laterali elongate stipitato obovato quinquialato tubo minu- tissimo coronato ceterum integerrimo. Has. New Zealand. Patches creeping among other Musci on bark of trees, pale green. Stems one quarter of an inch long, branched. Leaves from a narrow base obovate, with obtusely angular tops, the lesser lobe not inflexed but lying flat on the upper, subacute. Stipules broad as the stems. The calyx is re- markable for its long naked footstalk, so that it entirely stands out of the perichetium; by which circumstance and by the flat, not incurved, lesser lobe, this is readily distin- guished from the other Lejeunie of Sprengel. (Fossombronia, Nees v. Esenbeck). 36. J. pusilla, L. Has. New Zealand. (Diplolena, Nees v. Esenbeck). 37. J. xiphoides, n. sp.; fronde implexa procumbente dicho- toma uninervi lineari angusta margine dentata, calyce cam- panulato multi-partito. Has. New Zealand. i Patches loosely matted together for several inches in diameter, dark olive-green. Fronds two inches long, fre- quently simple, sometimes divided dichotomously, the nerve 1$ opaque and has on either side the cells of the frond elon- gated, condensed and green so as to form a secondary nerve ; the remaining part of the frond is largely cellular; the teeth at the margin are distinct, large and incurved. The calyx may be observed situated both where the nerve bifurcates in - dichotomous frond, and also on the nerve of a simple shoot, It is composed of five or six toothed laciniz together forming à bell-shaped cavity, within which, in a barren state, a few linear, opaque, truncate pistilla may be seen. € very narrow and toothed frond, as well as the nerves 570 HEPATICA NOVÆ ZELANDLE, &c. of two kinds, the one enclosing the other, will readily distin- guish the present from Jung. Hibernica, Hook. 38. J. cladorrhizans, n. sp.; fronde implexa prostrata simplici ad apicem radicante lineari-acuminata margine undulata integerrima nervo percurrente, calyce duplici exteriori (seu perichetio) breviter squamoso squamis exterioribus den- tatis interioribus laciniato-ciliatis interiori majori lineari- lanceolato acuminato ore parvo ciliato. Has. New Zealand, Mr. Colenso. Patches loose wide, very pale green in the younger parts, pale olive in the older. Fronds a little more than an inch long, lanceolate, acuminate into an elongated point consist- ing almost entirely of the nerve, and radicating at the sum- mit, and thence in the following season sending out new fronds. The nerve is whitish and stout though slender. The perichetium or outer calyx occurs at the base of the frond and on its inferior side, it is attached to the nerve; there are often three together, its exterior scales are rotund and deeply toothed, the interior scales are united at their bases, and have setaceous ciliz which are jointed; from the centre of these issues the true calyx, large in proportion to the size of the frond, slightly bent upwards, pale flesh-coloured, its mouth laciniated, and the lacinie elongato-ciliate. This species approaches Jung. Hibernica, Hook. and Jung. Lyellii, Hook., from these, perhaps, it would be difficult to distinguish its barren fronds, but the calyces of the present arising from the under surface, themselves greater, curve and coloured and the more compound perichetia are marks of grave distinction. ? 39. J. tenuinervis, n. sp.; fronde tenui prostrata lineari dicho- toma nervo gracili percursa margine dentata. Has. New Zealand, Mr. Colenso. Fronds scarcely two inches long, pea-green, linear but slightly broader at their tops, where they are bilobate with à a very shallow sinus. The substance is thin, the cellules distinct, the nerve pale yellow, very slight and opaque having on each side longitudinally a series of denser and HEPATICA NOVÆ ZELANDIA, &c. 571 greener cells than on the rest of the frond; the margin is furnished with distant but large teeth. This is exceedingly like the British Jung. Hibernica, Hook., but its nerve is more slender, the dentation of the margin more distinct and pronounced, the substance of the frond thinner and its cells are more clearly defined. (Symphyogyna, Nees v. Esenbeck). 40. J. rhizobola, Schwaeg. Musc. Hep. Prodr. p. 31. Has. New Zealand. - The fronds are less strongly marginated than represented in Hooker's Musci Exot. t. 87. Radicating shoots are not limited to the summits of the fronds, but sometimes are emitted from near the base. 41. J. Hymenophyllum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 14. Has. New Zealand. 42. J. Phyllanthus, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 95. Has. New Zealand. 43. J. leptopoda, n. sp.; fronde erecta uninervi integerrima stipitata lineari supra ter dichotoma lobis latis summo apice bifidis. Has. New Zealand. Fronds about one inch long, pale green, largely reticulated as in Jung. furcata, L. Roots long, branched, rather thick, here and there sending up upright fronds; the stipes or base of these is about half the length of the entire frond and may be considered as almost entirely composed of the nerve slightly winged at each side: at the first division the upper part of the frond is bent into a horizontal position; the division of the frond is at an acute angle; the lobes of one division usually overtop those of the adjoining; the nerve reaches to the very summit. Jung. flabellata, Hook., from the same country and which greatly resembles the present, has the stipes by no means winged, and the first division of the frond is into numerous lobes and not simply dichoto- mous, j 572 HEPATICH NOVA ZELANDLE, &c. (Aneura, Nees v. Esenbeck). 44. J. multifida, L. Has. New Zealand. 45. J. alterniloba, n. sp.; fronde tenui prostrata vage ramosa fusco-rufescenti lineari enervi alternatim lobata lobis bre- vibus apice rotundatis unisinuatis margine denticulatis. Has. New Zealand. Fronds sparingly branched, crossing one another but scarcely matted together, about three inches long and two lines wide, of the colour of dried specimens of Jung. multi- fida, L., having a pinnate appearance from the short, alter- nate, obtuse lobes, each of which is truly bilobate at the summit with a very shallow sinus; the margin exhibits very minute teeth pointing in various directions. "The substance of the frond is very thin, yet along the longitudinal axis it is carnose and has the cells indistinctly separated, which is by no means the case near the margin. Beneath, there are brownish-white rootlets limited to the central parts of the frond and its lobes. This species belongs to the section of the genus with nerveless fronds. By the greater breadth and shortness of its lobes, as well as by the sinus at the summit of each, it is at once distinguished from the broadest specimens of Jung. multifida, L. (Metzgeria, Nees v. Esenbeck). 46. J. furcata, L. Has. New Zealand. 47. J. eriocaula, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 72. Has. New Zealand. (Fegatella, Cesalpinus). 48. J. Australis, n. sp.; receptaculo foemineo disciformi cor- rugato vage crenato loculis subtribus, capsula sessili, pe dunculo epiphyllo. Has. New Zealand. HEPATICJE NOVA ZELANDIA, &c. 573 Fronds nearly two inches long, linear-obovate, divided at the top by a shallow sinus, the margins elevated, scariose, purplish; the pores are excessively minute white elevations of the cuticle not visible in the dry state. Beneath the edge of the frond is a purplish, transversely corrugated cuticle ; besides on each side of the inferior longitudinal axis is an imbricated series of lunulate purplish scales terminating in an oblique, lanceolate, colourless point. There are some- times two or three female receptacles on the surface of the same frond ranged over the longitudinal axis. When the peduncle has grown up, the female receptacle is scarcely wider than the top of the peduncle, it is much wrinkled and has beneath one, two, or three large tumid hemispherical loculi opening vertically on the exterior side; the opening is marginate from an involution of the skin of the loculus. When there is but a single loculus, it appears to open up- wards. No calyx is present. Capsule solitary, bursting irregularly at the summit, sessile within the loculus, and having around its base the remains of the calyptra. Seeds numerous, tawny, angulato-rotundate, having a transparent and cuticular coat, pitted and rugged, containing a smooth, Spherical nucleus. Spiral filaments with numerous very fine strie. The scales of the indusium are linear, acuminate, whitish mottled with reddish purple. Sometimes the loculi open and the capsules discharge their seeds while the recep- tacle has not been raised up from its original sessile position on the frond. The peduncle has, anteriorly, like its Euro- pean congeners, a single shallow groove running from top to bottom. The position of the peduncle, not as in the other known Fegatelle between the terminal lobes of the frond, but placed 9n its disk, is characteristic and distinctive. Fimpriaria, Nees v. Esenbeck. | 49. F. Australis, n. sp; fronde lineari-obovata dichotoma elongata apice biloba margine purpurea scariosa undulata 574 HEPATICA NOV ZELANDIA, &c: integerrima, receptaculo foemineo corrugato apice subglo- boso basi quadrifido pedunculo supra subsquamato. Has. New Zealand, Mr. Colenso. Fronds nearly two inches long, two or three times sub- divided dichotomously, very narrow at the base, the younger or top subdivisions linear-obovate, flattish when mojstened, the edges incurved when dry, pale green, having on the surface thickly set pores covered with a white elevated cuticle. Scales occur beneath the frond on each side of the midrib, parallel to which is the line of their insertion, they are semi- lanceolate, obtuse, fine purple except their summits which are destitute of colouring matter. The female receptacle has a conico-hemispherical summit, and divides below into four blunt lobes, each covering the base of a calyptra, the recep- tacle is every where rugged with wrinkled granular elevations. Each calyptra is obconical, acute, tipped with a style or its remains, white, opening by several longitudinal slits. "There is no calyx. The capsule, much smaller than the cal is globose and contains numerous large angulato-rotundate seeds, with spiral filaments scarcely twice as long as the diameter of the seeds. The peduncle is thicker and more opaque below, pellucid above, of a dusky brown, it has three longitudinal grooves, the anterior of which is the widest, deepest and most considerable. The male receptacle is an elevated lenticular disk, of a dusky purple colour, rough with the prominest cells in which the anthers are contained; these cells are very large and divided by whitish upright — membranous partitions. = This species has the largest frond of any yet discovered ; but the parts of fructification are disproportionately small. It differs from Fimbriaria Drummondii, Tayl. from Swan River, by its greater size, and more divided lobes, its s and more minutely corrugated female receptacles, by the absence of any purplish tinge in the calyptree or on the scales of the indusium, by the fewness of the indusial scales, by f. the deeper situation of the peduncle and by the less conical | f female receptacle. Itis remarkable that of this genus, ES HEPATICH NOV.E ZELANDLE, &c. 575 occurs at all latitudes in either hemisphere, not one species has been detected in the British Isles. Monocrza, Hooker. 50. M. leptohymenia, n. sp.; fronde suborbiculari tenuissima prostrata segmentis ut plurimum apice bilobis rotundatis undulatis, calyce subulato basi curvato apice lacero. Has. New Zealand. Fronds matted together, nearly two inches long, the lobes about one quarter of an inch wide; blackish-green when dry, the younger parts when moistened of a lively green; very thin; structure rather carnose, the reticulation very indis- tinct; in the moistened plant a few scattered glaucous cells are observable among the dusky olive ones of which the frond is principally composed. The fronds are dichoto- mously divided, the segments of no uniform outline, yet the bilobate termination is very common ; the margins are entire or crenate in appearance only from their minute undulations, there is no midrib; beneath the frond and along the axis are numerous pale roots, which are particularly clustered below the calyx. The calyx rises, not from between the lobes as inthe Marchantie, but from the upper surface of the frond and is in fact a continuation of the superior tegument of the frond, it is slightly curved as well as wider below, has a narrow jagged opening above, it envelopes one third at least of the linear receptacle on which the capsule is borne. The capsule is linear, opening on one side for its entire length, also a very little at the top on the opposite side; when ripe and dehiscent its margins are reflexed, within is the columella so fine a thread that it can only be seen with a magnifier, and even requires some expert manipulation for its exhibition. In the young state the seeds and spiral filaments are con- nected by a pale transparent membrane into a cylinder / Surrounding the columella: after maturity this membrane disappears ; the seeds are numerous, angulato-rotund, to Several I have seen attached a minute footstalk, probably the remains of an umbilical cord; the spiral filaments are much 576 HEPATICZ NOVE ZELANDLE, &c. bent and contain a double helix. The calyptra at length is left surrounding the base of the receptacle within the calyx, it is subrotund, whitish and carnose. The parts described shew the necessity of new modelling the characters of the genus Monoclea: it is very possible that from its extreme tenuity the columella escaped notice in the M. Forsteri, Hook. the original species on which the genus was founded. It is seen in M. crispata, Hook. ANTHOCEROS, Linn. 51. A. punctatus, L. Has. New Zealand. Perura, Raddi. 52. P. carnosa; n. sp.; fronde implexa prostrata atro-viridi vage lobata lobis elongate rotundatis vage crenatis planius- culis. Has. New Zealand. Fronds nearly three inches long, from a narrow base linear-oblong, lobed, the segments of various lengths, their margin scariose, irregularly crenate; the central parts of the frond are thick, shining when moist, of a dark olive-green. No fructification was present. As it would be very difficult to distinguish the European Jung. calycina, Tayl. from J. epiphylla, L. in a barren state ; so the determination of the present plant as a new species is unsatisfactory without the aid of characters drawn from the fruit. Still the darker green fronds, with lobes less rounded and above all their crenate margins, would seem to justify a separation. : | HxenoriLA, Tayl. in Linn. Trans. 52. H. dilatata, n. sp.; fronde oblonga tenuissima latissima lobata lobis rotundatis integerrimis. Has. New Zealand. The determination is unsatisfactory, for no fruit male OF female occurs on our specimens. The fronds, however, wr * HEPATICH NOVA ZELANDLE, &c. 577 quite the structure of our Hygropila iniqua ; they are very thin, pellucid, of a lively green, the older somewhat dusky. No midrib is observable, but the rootlets beneath are clust- tered along the longitudinal axis of the lobes. The fronds are irregularly lobate, but the lobes in our specimens have not a sinus at their summits as in the other species of this genus, Marchantia, L. 53. M. polymorpha, L, Has. New Zealand. IV.—SPEciEs TASMANIA. JUNGERMANNIA, L. (Gottschea, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 1. J. Hombroniana, Montagne in Annales des Sciences Natu- relles, Avril, 1843. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. (Plagiochila, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 2. J. abbreviata, nobis ante, p. 374. Haz. Van Diemen's Land. 3. J. opisthotona, n. sp.; caule czespitoso erecto apice recurvato ramoso, ramis erectis, foliis arcte imbricatis erectis rotun- datis hinc gibbosis illinc margine reflexis dentatis dente apicali majore, calyce terminali oblongo compresso trun- cato ciliato. Has. Van Diemen's Land. : Tufts wide, dusky olive-green. Stems about two inches high. Leaves clustered into a compressed capitulus at the top, which is bent back; each lower leaf is imbricated on at least one half of the one immediately above, erect, adpressed even in the moistened state, rotundate or very widely ovate, obtuse, with a remarkable tooth on the summit, both mar- ‘gins dentate; perichetial leaves longer and more upright than the cauline, closely adpressed to the base of the calyx - Which is three tines their length. Perigonia in short slender VOL. r. | / ges 578 HEPATICH NOV ZELANDLE, &c. spikes, usually terminal, of a brown colour, the leaves minute, tumid at the base and closely imbricated. The Plagiochila biserialis of Lind. et Lehm., approaches nearest to our plant in habit, but is far more slender, has the leaves smaller, and their teeth larger. 4. J. aculeata, caule czespitoso erecte ramoso supra fastigiato, foliis approximatis erecto-patentibus obovatis antice gib- bosis apice subrotundis aculeato-dentatis, calyce demum axillari ex basi angusta late obconico subcompresso ore ciliato-dentato. Has. Van Diemen's Land. Tufts wide, loosely entangled, dark olive-green, the upper branches numerous, erecto-patent, fastigiate, the lower patent. Stems three inches long. Leaves from a narrow base ob- ovate, the anterior margin gibbous, the posterior straight, recurved, denticulation large towards the top of the leaf. Calyx but very little longer than the erect oval pericheetial leaves, campanulate, compressed before the egress of the : capsule, strongly dentato-ciliate. Perigonia short brownish spikes, usually terminal. Capsule oblong, short; pedicel scarcely longer than the calyx. : This species differs from the European Jung. spinulost, Dicks. by the lesser size, more fastigiate habit, rounder leaves, by the calyx less exserted out of the perichaetium, more campanulate and its mouth more strongly ciliate. " 5. J. pusilla, Plagiochila pusilla, Mont. Voy. au Pol. Suc, t. 16, f. 3. | Has. Van Diemen's Land. | be | 6. J. strombifolia, n. sp.; caule ceespitoso adscendente SU? ramoso, foliis imbricatis subpatentibus dimidiato-cordatis margine superiori decurrente revoluto integerrimo riore gibboso spinoso-dentato, calyce terminali obovato ua labiis rotundatis dentatis. Has. Van Diemen's Land. Li E Tufts rather loose, pale olive. Stems two inches high — irregularly branched, branches erecto-patent. Leaves sinit crowded and secund towards the top of the shoot ; they z their superior margin revolute, tumid and convex. : HEPATICH NOVA ZELANDLE, &c. 579 From the European Jung. spinulosa, Dicks., the present species is known by its smaller size, the close revolution of the superior margins of its leaves, the dimidiato-cordate figure of these, and by their larger cellules. (Jungermannia, L. Char. emendatus Neesii.) 7. J. colorata, Lind. et Lehm. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. 8. J. subtrifida, n. sp.; caule cespitoso erecto subsimplici apice incrassato incurvo, folis laxe imbricatis erectis se- cundis stipulisque concavis ovalibus bi-trifidis integerrimis. Has. Van Diemen's Land. Tufts rather loose, pale brown. Stems nearly two inches high ; branches few, slender, upright. Leaves loosely imbri- cated below, more closely towards the thickened summits of the stems, very tumid, the lower usually bifid, the upper trifid, the segments short, lanceolate, subapiculate. This has the habit of Jung. madida, nobis, from Hermite Island, Cape Horn; the leaves, however, are far less nume- Tous, less imbricated and more erect, while the trifid summits of the upper ones are very characteristic. (Gymnanthe, Tayl.) 9. J. tenella, nobis ante, p. 377. Haz. Van Diemen’s Land. 10. J. Urvilleana, n. sp.; Plagiochila (Scapania) Urvilleana, Mont., Voy. au Pol. Sud, t. 16, f. 2. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. (Lophocolea, Nees v. Esenbeck.) ll. J. lenta, nobis ante, p. 379. Haz. Van Diemen's Land. (Chiloscyphus, Nees v. Esenbeck.) ... 12. J. sinuosa, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 113. . Haz. Van Diemen’s Land. = 2032 580 HEPATICJE NOVÆ ZELANDLE, &c. 13. J. coalita, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 193. Han. Van Diemen’s Land. (Lepidozea, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 14. J. glaucophylla, n. sp.; caule implexo reptante pinnato, foliis subcontiguis patentibus convexis rotundato-quadratis quadrifidis segmentis acuminatis recurvis, stipulis oblongo- quadratis quadrifidis. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. Patches two inches wide, pale glaucous-green, thin, loose. Stems nearly two inches long, the branches subpinnate, patent. Leaves scarcely touching one another, on the young shoots distant; moistened and seen by transmitted light of a pale olive colour, but when dry more white and glaucous. Stipules oblong in their undivided part. 32 From Jung. levifolia, Tayl., the present may be readily known by its whitish glaucous colour when dry, by the in- sertion of the leaves being nearly parallel with the stems, by the larger cells of the leaves, which too are flatter, by the larger and more oblong stipules and the greater size of the plant. - (Mastigobryum, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 15. J. Nove-Hollandie, Nees. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. - (Radula, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 16. J. buccinifera, n. sp.; caule implexo prostrato ramoso, ramis patentibus, foliis subimbricatis patentibus integer" rimis lobo superiori obovato-rotundato convexiuseulo inferiori minuto trapezoideo adpresso, calyce demum axillari ex angusta elongata basi obconico subcompresso truncato. Haz. Van Diemen's Land. í . Patches wide, dusky olive-green. Stems about one ioe x long, with numerous, alternate, erecto-patent branche Leaves smaller on the inferior part of the stem and there not HEPATICEH NOVÆ ZELANDLE, &c. 581 touching one another, subimbricated above, the pericheetial pair are erect and oblong. The footstalk of the calyx stands out of the perichzetium and is taper, the upper part is shaped like a trumpet or elongate and obconical, the mouth is com- pressed before the egress of the capsule, the margin uneven, but not toothed. The capsule is cylindrical, its peduncle about three times its own length. From the Jung. complanata, L. the present is distinct by the long footstalk to the calyx, by the smaller size of the plant, its duskier green colour, by the rounder leaves, which, too, are less imbricated. dde (Frullania, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 17. J. Magellanica, Lamarck, Encycl. Bot. v. 3, p. 28. Has. Van Diemen's Land. 18. J. falciloba, n. sp. caule prostrato implexo pinnato, ramis erecto-patentibus, foliis imbricatis patentibus con- vexis integerrimis lobo superiori rotundato-oblongo apice brevissime bifidis margine recurvis, calyce ex angusta basi obovato supra levi infra tumide uniplicato apice tubo minuto coronato. Has. Van Diemen's Land. Patches wide, reddish-rusty brown. Stems three inches long, alternately branched; the branches bearing calyces shorter and more tumid. Leaves convex, closely imbricated. Perigonia are short obtuse spikes, sometimes almost round. The curved tubular tops of the lesser lobes reach below the inferior margin of the upper lobes, which isa very dis- tinctive mark, coupled with the short perigonia. (Symphyogyna, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 19. J. obovata, n. sp. fronde stipitata erecta dichotoma lobis Obovatis tenuibus uninerviis margine dentatis, calyce in nervum subtus frondem insidente squamoso squamis laciniatis, calyptra lineari elongata. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. » Fronds furnished each with its own roots, pale green, or 582 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. pale tawny by age, on alate footstalks, once or twice dicho- tomous, the lobes oblong, rounded, deeply dentate, having a very shallow sinus at the tops; their substance is thin, the cellules very distinct. Calyx situated towards the base of the frond, on the under side of the nerve, having three or more laciniated scales, from the bosom of which rises the linear elongated calyptra bearing pistilla on its summit. Capsule large, conspicuous, cylindrical, splitting with the tops of the valves at first cohering; spiral filaments very long, bent, often twisted together, capsule one tenth of an inch long. On distinct individuals are perigonia of nume- rous, imbricated, convex, dentate scales. From J. Hymeno- phyllum, Hook., ours is distinct by the stipes rising at once from the ground, the wider and more dentate lobes. (Metzgeria, Nees v. Esenbeck.) 20. J. furcata, L. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. MancnawTIA, L. 21. M. polymorpha, L. Has. Van Diemen's Land. — Notes on the Borany of the Azores: By HEWETT C. Watson, Esq. (Continued from page 125 of Vol. IL.) After returning from the Azores, about two years ago, Í addressed some letters to the London Journal of Botany, as notes of the general impressions retained from my botan walks on the islands of Fayal and Pico. It was my wish to have continued the notes, by next describing visits to Flores and Corvo, the two most westerly islands of the group- My : sketches of Azorean Botany would then have been con- — cluded appropriately by a general list of the species col- lected on the four islands. It was considered that such an- BOTANY OF THE AZORES, 583 enumeration would give the opportunity for filling up blanks in names, and for correcting any errors of nomenclature, which might be found in the earlier notes, partly written before my collection had arrived in England, or could be submitted to proper examination. My progress was arrested, when I learned that a list of the plants collected in the same islands, by Messrs. Hoch- stetter and Guthnick, in 1838, had been published in Weig- mann’s Archiv. (1843); and likewise, that a more complete Flora Azorica was in course of preparation, by botanists much better qualified for the work than I could pretend to be. To have still proceeded with my own notes and list, under these circumstances, must have led to an inconvenient double naming of all the undescribed species which had been gathered by both parties; though the right of priority clearly belonged to Messrs. Hochstetter and Guthnick, whose collections were made four years earlier than mine, and had been distributed with names on their labels. The expected Flora Azorica is now before the public, from the pen of M. Seubert, and it has just (September, 1844) reached my hands. This work, with upwards of a hundred Azorean specimens, sent by Guthnick to Sir W. J. Hooker, includes all that I have been able to see relating to their observations and collections in the islands. It appears that M. Hochstetter visited all the four small Westerly islands, 9n which I was enabled to land; as likewise the two princi- pal islands of the group, Terceira and San Miguel, which Were not seen by myself. M. Guthnick was his companion on four of the islands. Altogether, six of the islands have €n examined partially, and three others apparently remain . Still unexplored by botanists. The Flora Azorica is a cata- logue of the species found by Hochstetter and Guthnick on the six islands, with some few additional species, either pub- lished in other works, or incidentally mentioned in my former notes, As might be expected, from the superior facilities enjoyed 584 BOTANY OF THE AZORES: by two travellers who lived on shore, and who visited more and larger islands, their collections include many species which do not occur in mine. On the other hand, it seems that I have brought home many species which were not seen by the two travellers. Thus, neither the valuable work of Seubert, nor a list of the species in my own herbarium, taken apart, will afford a full catalogue of Azorean plants, so far as known. Accordingly, I now propose to make a nearer approximation to a complete Azorean Flora by here com- bining the two lists into one. The distinctions of the two collections may be easily kept up, by prefixing the Nos. from the Flora Azorica, within brackets (1), equally with the Nos. 1, 2, 3, &c., written on the labels distributed with my own specimens. Those species which appear to have been brought in one of the collections only, will be known by the substitution of a blank line, “—” or *(—)" in place of a No. In enumerating the species, it will be more convenient to adapt the arrangement to my own Nos. which begin with the Ranunculacee ; although they will not appear to have been placed in the best Natural Arrangement. Almost im- mediately on getting my specimens to England, I was applied to, for sets of them, by two eminent botanists, who were particularly interested in the productions of the Atlantic Islands. This induced me very hastily to put the almost unexamined specimens into something like a natural series, that the Nos. on the labels might correspond in each set, and follow in regular order. The interruptions to natural affinity which have arisen from this circumstance, are nof so great as to render any re-arrangement necessary. I had hoped to receive the opinions of both the botanists alluded to, in reference to several of the then undescribed or dubious species. From one of them, Dr. C. Lemann, I have ob- tained much valuable information, as also many illustrative. specimens gathered by him in Madeira. Unfortunately for the accuracy of my list, I have not been equally successful in = 7 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 585 obtaining the corrections of P. B. Webb, Esq., which were greatly wished for. In the following list, the first Nos. will correspond with those on the labels distributed with my own specimens. "The second Nos. inclosed ( ) will refer to the Flora Azorica. Following the names of the plants, I give those of the islands on which they were collected by myself. In the case of species not found by myself, the names of the islands (with very few exceptions) are omitted, but may frequently be ascertained from the pages of the Flora Azorica. Where it appeared necessary or desirable, I have added some notes on the characters of the species, &c. For the convenience of foreigners, these notes are mostly in Latin; but having scarce ever written that language since leaving school, twenty years ago, it will be found “as dad as can be expected.” It may be proper hereto remark, that some few of the names in the Notes formerly printed, will now require to be changed; and hence it may be well for any botanist, who feels interested in the plants cf the Azores, to observe whether the same specific appellation is still retained in the following list. Holcus mollis, of my Notes, for example, is properly described as a new species in the Flora Azorica, under the name of Holcus rigidus; and the former name must consequently be erased, as applying to a Species which has not been found in the Azores. CATALOGUE OF AZOREAN PLANTS. 1 (305). Ranunculus cortusefolius, Willd. Fayal. By Seubert this plant is named R. cortusefolius, var. sylvestris (Webb and Berth.), and R. grandi- folius (Lowe) is quoted as a synonym. My single specimen of Lowe's plant, collected in Madeira by Dr. C. Lemann, differs considerably from all those of Fayal. j ¥ 2 (304). R. repens, L. Fayal ; Pico. 4 3 (306). R. trilobus, Desf. Flores. (Inter Caladia.) “4 (307). R. muricatus, L. Fayal. (Uno loco.) H 586 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. v 5 (308). R. parviflorus, L. Fayal; Pico. v — (309). Nigella arvensis, L. » — (311). Delphinium Consolida, L. v 6 (310). Aquilegia vulgaris, L. Pico. (Indigena?) / 7 (—) Papaver dubium, L. Fayal; Flores. v — (312). Chelidonium majus, L. v 8 (313). Fumaria capreolata, L. Fayal; Flores. Varietas minor, floribus purpurascentibus, pedi- cellis patentibus. Æque ut in forma typica (pedicellis recurvis) petalon inferius ad apicem parum dilatum vel amplius est. wo — (314). F. officinalis, L. A priore facile distinguenda hee species apice . petali inferioris dilato et suborbiculari. In insulis | non vidi. ! v © (315). Matthiola annua, Sweet. Fayal. (Aliena.) v — (—) Cardamine hirsuta, L. i * The Banksian Herbarium contains specimens — of C. hirsuta, collected by Masson, in San Miguel."— Dr. C. Lemann. i " 9 (318). C. Calderarum, Guth. Ins. omnibus. v 10 (317). Nasturtium officinale, Br. Fayal; Flores. v — (316). N. flexuosum, Seubert. Vv 10**, (—). Barbarea precoz, Br. Fayal. (Aliena?) “11 (—) Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. Fayal; Flores. ~ 12 (322). Sinapis nigra, L. Fayal; Flores. ~ 13 (—). Rapistrum perenne, Berg. Fayal. N The Fayal specimens differ from those of Madeira, — — by their shorter styles and the lower joint of silicle being reduced into a slender pedicel to the upper. V 14 (—) Raphanus Raphanistrum, L. Fayal; Flores. The Azorean specimens have smaller and more is distinctly moniliform pods than those of England tod us. ir. Cakile maritima, Scop. Fayal. Ab Varietas, silicule articulo superiore ovato, apice d : emarginato ; inferiore seepius seminifero. Y " 16 (321). v17 (323). v — (319). v» 18 (—) v — (324). v 19 (325). «20 (—). “21 (344). x22 (327). 423 (326). v 24 (336). v 25 (335). v 26 (333). “27 (334). «28 (+), «29 (=). 480 (=). /31 (329). » 32 (331). v 33 (—). “34 (337). v 35 (338). v36 (—). v 37 (339). «98 (343). BOTANY OF THE AZORES, 587 Lepidium Virginicum, L. Fayal. Senebiera pinnatifida, DC. Fayal. Alyssum maritimum, L. Reseda Luteola, L. Fayal; Flores. Varietas, foliis undulatis, petalis quatuor, infe- riore trifido. R. macrosperma, Rchb. Viola odorata, L. Fayal; Flores. (Aliena?) V. palustris, L. Flores; Pico. Polygala vulgaris, L. Pico. “ Frankenia ericifolia, Ch. Smith.” Corvo. F. pulverulenta, L. Fayal; Flores? Silene Gallica, L. Fayal; Flores. S. maritima, With. Flores. (S. inflata, Flo. Azor.) Cerastium Azoricum, Hochst. Flores; Corvo. C. vulgatum, L. Fayal; Flores. C. viscosum, L. Fayal; Flores? Stellaria media, With. Fayal; Flores. Arenaria rubra, L. Fayal; Flores. * A. macrorhiza, Req.” Fayal; Pico. Sagina procumbens, L. Fayal; Flores. Elatine herandra, DC. Flores. Lavatera sylvestris, Brot. Fayal; Flores. Malva rotundifolia, L. Fayal. M. parviflora, L. Fayal. Sida rhombifolia, L. Fayal; Flores. In locis calidioribus juxta urbes; an vere indi- gena? Hypericum foliosum, Ait. Fayal; Flores; Pico. Sect. 1. Ascyreia. Chois.—DC. prodr. Ramis (pallidis) teretibus subdipteris, foliis (laeteviren- tibus) decussatis sessilibus ovato-oblongis : supe- rioribus sepius majoribus subovatis amplexicau- libus acutiusculis, sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis in fructu primum reflexis deinde caducis, capsulis ovatis in stylos persistentes attenuatis. 588 4 39 (—). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. Hab. in montibus insularum plurium, in Flores frequentissime. Hypericum grandifolium, Choisy. Androsemum Webbianum, Spach. The fruit of this species has little resemblance to the baccate fruit of Androsemum officinale, and connects it more closely with H. perforatum and our other herbaceous species. Even if the generic name of Androsemum should be adopted for it, there appears no good reason for setting aside two earlier specific names, as done by Spach. Mr. Webb’s services to science will not be the less - valued and known for the loss of a trivial name. The above diagnosis is drawn from the dried spe- cimens brought home, aided by living plants in my garden raised from their seeds. "The charac- ters of H. grandifolium and foliosum are com- — A pletely united in the same plant; and Dr. C. Lemann has assured himself of the identity of the two supposed species, by examining an origi- nal specimen in the Banksian herbarium. The differences of size and shape in the upper leaves, is sometimes very decided; but in other in- stances, it is less evident: and such discrepan- cies occur in other allied species. s Hypericum decipiens, H. Wats, ms. Flores; Fayal? Sect. 4. Perforaria, Chois—DC. Prodr. Her bacea, nigro-punctata, caule erecto tetrapteTó = — ramoso, foliis pellucido-punctatis oblongis obtusis — retusisve, floribus laxe paniculatis, sepalis lan- ceolatis acutis, stylis tribus divaricatis ovario. longioribus. Corolla lutea (minime citrina), €x- trinsecus rubicunda. Folia caulina sæpius reflexa margine undulata. Caulis, folia, calyx, antheræ nigro-punctati. This is extremely near. H. quadrangulum, (Linn—Auct. Brit.) though. instantly distinguished by its deeper coloured and — BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 589 less crowded flowers ; and if the tetrapterous stem were not observed, it would more likely be called H. perforatum by a British botanist. Still, if it. be correct to include H. dubium and maculatum under H. qguadrangulum, this also may be added to the assemblage. Dr. Lemann suggested the variety “ undulatum” of DC. Prodr. 2.548 ; but the only character of that variety “foliis mar- gine undulatis" applies to some specimens of H. dubium and of the ordinary H. quadrangulum of Britain. Probably this is the same as H. per- Jforatum of the Flora Azorica, which is stated to occur, * ubique in lapidosis collinis," yet was not found by me. My flowering specimens of H. decipiens were collected on damp rocks, ex- posed to the sun, in Flores ; and I possess what is apparently the same species, though destitute of flowers, collected in Fayal. It has been sent to the Botanical Society of London, from San Miguel, by J. C. Hunt, Esq., British Consul there. In my garden, even in dry ground, it is a much finer plant than the British H. quadran- gulum, which grows in wet ground. __ v — (340). H. perforatum, L. (Vide praecedentem). y 40 (341). H. humifusum, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. “41 (350). Geranium Robertianum, L. Fayal; Flores. «42 (—). G. molle, L. Fayal. v — (349). G. dissectum, L. V43 (348). Erodium malachoides, Willd. Pico. 744 (351). Oxalis corniculata, L. Fayal; Flores. “I = o3... purpurea? (St. Michael —J. C. Hunt, Esq.) “ — (317). Ruta bracteosa, DC. "45 (345). Ilex Perado, Ait. Fayal; Flores. .*46 (346). Rhamnus latifolius, Herit. Fayal; Flores. "47 (—) Rhus Coriaria, L. Flores; Pico. (Aliena.) .. “48 (364). Spartium junceum, L. Fayal; Flores. (Aliena.) |. «49 (365). S. scoparium, L. Fayal; Flores; Corvo. (Aliena?) 590 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. Vv 50 (387). Lathyrus Aphaca, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. 451 (389). L. tingitanus, L. Fayal. (Indigena?) v52 (389). L. sativus, L. Fayal. (Aliena?) "53 (—). L. articulatus, L. Fayal. v — (383). Ervum Lens, L. * 54 (—). E. monanthos, L. Fayal. ~ 55 (385). Vicia sativa, L. Fayal. (Et quoque var. angus- : tifolia. V56 (386). V. albicans, Lowe. Fayal. * 57 (384). V. (Ervum) gracilis, Lois. Fayal. v 58 (—). V.(Ervum) hirsuta, Koch. Fayal; Flores. ~59 (369). Melilotus parviflora, Desf. Corvo. “ 60 (370). Trifolium angustifolium, L. Fayal. “ 61 (—). T. arvense, L. Fayal; Flores. v 62 (371). T. Ligusticum, Balb. Fayal; Flores. — (372). T. lappaceum, L. v 63 (376). T. repens, L. Fayal; Flores. vd v 64 (375). T. glomeratum, L. Fayal; Flores. kie ~ 65 (374). T. suffocatum, L. Pico. . “66 (373). T. scabrum, L. Fayal. "m “67 (377). T. procumbens, L. Fayal. v v 68 (—). T. filiforme, L. Fayal; Flores. w — (382). Lotus corniculatus, L. e * 69 (382a). L. major, Scop. Fayal; Flores. oo v — (381). L. Creticus, L. v 70 (380). L. angustissimus, L. Fayal; Flores. v 70*(379). L. hispidus, Desf. Fayal ; Flores. | v 71 (378). L. parviflorus, Lamarck? Fayal. ae | This plant is so extremely like Lotus hispidus, except in its dwarf stature and in its short - legumes which scarcely exceed the calyx, that £ had first mingled the specimens of the two Afterwards, observing that Mr. Guthnick had labelled his similar specimens “ Dorycnium par- viflorum," and that a Madeira specimen, still ap- parently identical, had been sent to me likewise” under this name, I was induced to change the BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 591 number on the labels of the larger specimens, and the name on those of the smaller. Now, I see that Seubert also has referred the speci- mens of Guthnick to L. Aispidus. Is this cor- rect ? “ — (366). Medicago lupulina, L. v 72 (367). M. denticulata, Willd. Fayal. (M. lappacea, Fl. Az.) v — (368). M. pentacycla, DC. 7 73 (391). Ornithopus perpusillus, L. Corvo. (O. roseus; Fl. Az.) "EZ (390). Arthrolobium ebracteatum, DC. Fayal; Flores. 75 (—). Prunus Cerasus, L. Fayal. (Aliena) Two bushes only were observed, in a plantation of Pines. They could scarcely be supposed in- digenous, although I did not see either this species, or P. Avium, in the gardens of Fayal. w 76 (356) Rubus Hochstetterorum, Seub. Foli Flores; Pico. My No. 77 is apparently a smaller form of the j | same species. 78 (355). R. fruticosus, L. Fayal. : 79 (357). Fragaria vesca, L. Fayal; Flores ; Pico. — (360). Potentilla anserina, L. — (861). P. reptans, L. ~ 80 (358). P. Tormentilla, Schrank. Fayal ; Fiore; Pico. Varietas reptans seu nemoralis (Flo. Az. 359) in montibus sparsim occurrit. a v E (362). Agrimonia Eupatorium, L. Fayal. " — (363). Poterium Sanguisorba, L. “$2 (—). Alchemilla arvensis, Lam. Fayal. " 83 (—). Epilobium parviflorum, Schreb. Flores. "84 (166). Callitriche verna, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. — V85 (—). Ceratophyllum demersum, L. Flores, | _ “= (353). Lythrum Graefferi, Ten. ig | —. w87 (354). L. Ayssopifolium, L. Fayal; Blow Pico; Corvo. | My No. 86 appears mos more than a luxu- 599 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. riant form of this species; though it was labelled ~ either * L, Graefferi” or ** L junceum?” 488. (—). Peplis Portula, L. Fayal; Pico. « $9. (328). Portulaca oleracea. L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. v 90 (330). Polycarpon tetraphyllum, L. Fayal; Flores. v — (329). Illecebrum verticillatum, L. V 91 (303). Umbilicus pendulinus, DC. Fayal; Flores. ~ 92 (302). Tillea muscosa, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. / 93 (301). Hedera Helix, L. Fayal; Flores. Var. Hibernica, foliis amplioribus, anglice * Irish Ivy.” v 94 (—) ?Melanoselinum decipiens, Hoffm. Fayal. Of this I brought two leaves only, which were taken from a young specimen without flowers, in the Caldeira of Fayal. They closely resem- ble the foliage of the Madeira plant; but may belong to some other umbelliferous species. ." 95 (293). Sanicula Azorica, Guth. Fayal. * S. ciliata, Solander ms. in Herb. Banks.” C. Lemann. S. ciliaris, Herb. Smith. v 96 (—). Crithmum maritimum, L. Flores; Corvo. * 97 (297). Foeniculum vulgare, Gaert. Fayal; Flores. “ 98 (300). Torilis infesta, Hoffm, Fayal. (4T. Helvetica") w 99 (299). * Daucus polygamus, Gouan.” Fayal; Flores. My specimens are young and imperfect. v 100 (—). Umbellifera. Pico. E speciminibus fructu carentibus, floribusque ` parvis et in desiccatione tarda mucidis, genus dubium. Herba glabra. Fibrille radicis atte- nuati paucæ, Caulis ramis divaricatis dichoto- mus. Petioli alati. Foliola foliorum biterna- torum ovata, serrata, ad basin sepius insequalia ; radicalium biternato-pinnatorum ad basin cordata. Pedunculi foliis oppositi. Involucrum nullum. - Involucellum polyphyllum. | Calyx—? Petala — apice inflexa, Fructus—? Hab. ad vias propé —— litus insulze Pico. ‘Dot oD asl, laketa N ita 9 our rt 4 1 “101 (—). « 102 (—). v 103 (—). v — (294). v ^99 (295); ~: e (296). e. . — (298)? “104. (—), «105 (239). t YOL nr BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 593 Apium graveolens; L. Flores ; Pico. Chærophyllum aromaticum, L.? - Flores. Some doubt attaches to the specific name of this plant. The leaves are deeply inciso-serrate and curled; thus bearing some resemblance to those of Mentha crispa or the Curled Parsley of the gardens. The Cherophyllum was seen in one loca- lity only, plentiful there, yet possibly introduced. Petroselinum £rifoliatum, H. Wats. ms. Flores. Caule erecto striato, petiolis. vaginantibus, foliis ternatis biternatisve, foliolis seepius basi ineequa- libus: inferiorum ovatis acutis serratis: supe- riorum lanceolatis subintegris, involucri foliolis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis, involucelli lanceo- latis. Herba annua seu biennis, glabra, tripedalis, dichotome ramosa. Pedunculi foliis oppositi vel terminales. Corolla parva alba. Hab. in rupibus prope urbem Santa-Cruz, in insula Flores; alibi non visa. P. sativum, Hoffm. Helosciadium nodiflorum, Koch. var. ochrea- tum, DC. Pimpinella dichotoma, Le The habitat, “in apricis pr. litus insule Pico," suggests a probability of my No. 100 being intended under this name. Kudmannia Sicula, DC. Sambucus nigra, L. Fayal; Flores. (Aliena.) Viburnum Tinus, L. Fayal; Flores; Corvo. On the shrubs of this species, so frequent in English gardens, the young leaves only have the midrib beneath and the margins fringed with hairs, which are perhaps glandular. The older leaves are glabrous, with the exception of some. pubescent tufts in the axille of the principal veins : as is the case also with the Azorean spe- cimens; the foliage of the latter being more ob- 2x 594 " 106 (237). “107 (238). V 108 (235). ./109 (234). +110 (236). v — (233). 711 (=). “ 112 (194). " — (195). v 113 (—). v114 (232). v 115 (286). 4,115 (287). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. tuse and coriaceous than those of our garden shrubs. It is unnecessary for authors to make a variety, and much less a species, from such differences. * Rubia splendens, Hoffmansegg.” Fayal; Flores. Foliis senis-octonis lineari-obovatis apiculatis supra glaberrimis : costa paginæ inferioris margi- nibusque reflexis cum caulibus angulatis retror- sum aculeato-scabris, pedunculis axillaribus, co- rolle lobis acuminatis. A Rubia tinctorum videtur satis diversa. Sherardia arvensis, L. Fayal; Flores. Galium Aparine, L. Fayal. G. palustre, L. Flores. G. anglicum, Huds. Fayal; Flores; Pico. G. Mollugo, L. Fedia dentata, Vahl. Pico. Scabiosa nitens, R. & S. Flores; Corvo. Herbacea, foliis lanceolato-oblongis serratis lucidis glabris in petiolum alatum (spurium) piloso-cilia- tum attenuatis : superioribus lanceolatis laciniato- serratis, pedunculis longissimis, corollis quinque- fidis radiantibus involucrum (haud semper) ene dentibus. «Quoad fructum non satis nota. : DC. Prodr.. My specimens are only just coming into flower; but the above character so nearly unites the imperfect descriptions of S. nitens and S. neglecta, that I am disposed to think they vill prove to be one species. S. neglecta, Hornem.. (Forma praecedentis ?) Campanula Vidalii, H. Wats. (Hook. Icon. — 684. Flores. _ h 3 C. Erinus, L. Fayal; Flores. Erica scoparia, L. E E. Azorica, Hochst. Fayal; Flores; Pico. : Seubert distinguishes the latter of these two by BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 595 its arborescent stem, shorter sepals, &c. I am not prepared to say whether those characters are sufficiently clear and constant to become a specific diagnosis. While collecting in the islands, I recognized only a single species. As to green or reddish flowers, they may be seen on different sides of the same bush. V 116 (288). Calluna vulgaris, Salisb. Fayal; Flores; Pico. “117 (289). Menziesia Daboeci, DC. Fayal; Pico. " — (290). Vaccinium Maderense, Link. v M8 (292). V. cylindraceum, Sm. Fayal; Flores; Pico. V. longiflorum, Wickstr. (Flora Azorica, No. 291), videtur esse varietas parviflora. Frutex azorica, interdum fere arborescens, omnino convenit cum V. Maderense, forma et magnitudine foliorum, bracteis foliaceis, et quoque calycis dentibus, qui nunc breviores et obtusi, nunc longiores et acuti, apparent. Differt praecipue racemis elongatis, et corollis seepius multo longioribus, campanulato- cylindricis, sed non vere cylindricis. Magnitudo coloresque florum valde variant. "Ho (241). Olea excelsa, Ait. Fayal; Flores. (Aliena ?) * — (—)? Jasminum Azoricum, L. (In Azoricis ignotum.) "120 (249), Asclepias fruticosa, L. Fayal. (Aliena). V — (243). Exacum filiforme, Willd. v 121 (244). Erythrea Centaurium, Pers. Fayal; Flores. y (245). E. Massoni, Sweet. Fayal; Flores; Pico. Caule tetragono a basi perenne ramoso humifuso, ramis floriferis ascendentibus elongatis uni multi- floris, foliis plus minusve ellipticis. oblongisve : superioribus distantibus acutiusculis, corollze tubo limbi lobos ellipticos obtusos et sub anthesi ca- lycem subeequante. Corolla alba. ** Chironia mari- We d tima, Ait. Hort. Kew, 2, 6—nec Willd.” Herb. Smith, spec. ex Azoricis. * E. diffusa, Woods." Varietas minor seu montana. Ramis sterilibus humifusis, floriferis in pedunculos ascendentes 2x 2 596 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. bracteatos uni -trifloros elongatis, foliis inferioribus. spathulato-ellipticis, corolle tubo limbum caly-. cemque paulo superante. Hab. in montibus ~ frequens; fortasse pro forma typica habenda. Varietas major seu maritima. Ramis sterilibus subnullis, floriferis ascendentibus tri-multifloris, foliis subrotundis oblongisve crassiusculis, corolle tubo limbum calycemque equante. Hab. in rupibus maritimis insulz Flores, atque ab oris versus montium radices sparsim ascendens. Subvarietates occurrunt, ex. gr. caule (primi anni?) simplici erecto—foliis plus minus ovatis —calyce corolla tubum superante — petalis bifidis, &c.. It is almost impossible to frame 4 diagnosis for a species so very variable, and which might readily be split into half a dozen such book-species as those which have been carved. out of the Linnean Chironia Centaurium. = J 123 (262). Convolvulus arvensis, L. Fayal. (Floribus . albis. p v 124 (263). C. sepium, L. Flores. v 125 (—). C. Imperati, Vahl. Fayal. : Perennis, glabra, Caulis repens, ramosus. F olia carnosa, petiolata, cordato-oblonga, panduri- formia, vel tri-quinquelobata, lobo termina majore, obtusissima vel emarginata, apiculata. Pedunculi uni-biflori, in medio bracteati. Sep: acuta vel acuminata. Stylus simplex. Stigma capitatum bilobum. Corolla alba, magna. Fror: tus ? Hab. in litore arenoso, ad Porto Pimo; prope urbem Horta, in insula Fayal; atque arenarum mobilium spatia ampla caulibus reper- tibus dense occupans. The characters of C. Ae perati fit my plant pretty well. Whether or n itis one of the varieties of C. littoralis, Linn, may be questioned. - pen , 126 (256). Heliotropium Europeum, L. Pico. wo V— (257). v — (258). v — (259). w L (260). v 127 (261). v198 (—). 199 (248), v 130 (247). “131 (—) v132 (—). ^ 138. (—. Y 135 (259). ^ 136 (251) | v137 (—). BOTANY OF THE AZORES, 597 Echium violaceum, L. E. vulgare, L Myosotis stricta, Link. M. versicolor, Pers. Syn. M. maritima, Hochst. Pico. Caulis erectus. Pedicelli approximati. Calyx in lacinias lineari-oblongas fere ad basin divisus. Species annua, inter Europeas M. arvensi prox- ima, sed satis distincta. Speciebus paludum valde dissimilis; igiturque animadversio ** proprius accedit ad M. cespitosam, Schultz" iniqua compa- ratio est. In ceteris a cl. Seuberto descriptio sat bona. M. Azorica, H. Wats. In Bot. Mag. 1844 t. 4122. Flores ; Corvo. Species pulcherrima, floribus numerosis indigo- ticis; ab Europeis distinctissima. Mentha rotundifolia, L. Hayes Flores. M. viridis, L. Flores. - M. sativa, L.? Flores. M. aquatica, L.? Fayal; Flores. I cannot apply names to some of these Menthe (131-2) with any confidence of aceuracy. Among more attractive objects, the species of this genus were too much neglected. M. Pulegium, L. Insulis omnibus. My No. 134is probably a subglabrous variety | of No. 133, but the flowers are wanting. Calamintha officinalis, Moench. Fayal; Flores. Variat foliis minoribus serratis acutis cum pubes- centia breviore, et foliis crenatis obtusis cauleque villosioribus (“ villosissima Benth.” Flo. Azo. No. 252.) * Thymus micans, Lowe. Fayal; Flores; Pico. Variat calyce subregulari, id est, labio utroque in dentes duos profunde diviso. Clinopodium vulgare, Sm. Flores. (Corolla alba.) 598 V138 (—). v — (250). BOTANY OF THE AZORES, Melissa officinalis, L. Flores. (Aliena?) Origanum Creticum, L. = 139 (—). O. virens, Link. (teste cl. Lemann). Flores. w140 (254). 41 (253). “142 (246). “143 (>). v — (270). v 144 (269). v 145 (268). v.146 (—) v147 (267). v148 (266). w149 (—). An species unica, sub numeris “ (251)" et“ 139”? Floresiana cum specie Maderense omnino con- venit. Stachys arvensis, L. Fayal; Flores. Prunella vulgaris, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. Lavandula Stechas, L. Fayal. (Aliena.) Rosmarinus officinalis, L. Fayal. (Aliena) - Lyeopersicum esculentum, Dun. Solanum pseudocapsicum, L. Fayal; Pico. S. nigrum, L. Fayal; Flores. S. villosum, Lam. Flores. ! Physalis pubescens, L. Fayal; Flores. Hyoscyamus Canariensis, Ker. Fayal; Pico. Verbascum Thapsus, L. Fayal. (Aliena?) w 150 (275*) Sibthorpia Europea, L. Fayal; Flores. v^ — (281). Euphrasia officinalis, L. w 151 (280?). E. Azorica, H. Wats. ms. Flores; Corvo. ¥152 (—). Herbacea, annua? Caulis teres. Rami sulcati obtuse tetragoni. Folia triangulari-ovata, acuta ; pagina superior rugulosa vel scabrida; pagina m^ ferior rugosa cum maculis verruceformibus dense piliferis. Corolla alba (non purpurascens) a duplici ampla intus variegata. In cæteris om descriptione E. grandiflore, Hochst. Fue No. 280) optime convenit. Hab. in montibus - 1 insularum Flores et Corvo. The E. grandiflora — having been found on a different island, and — |n characters of the diagnosis (Flo. Azo. 1, c.) being ie inapplicable to my specimens, it has ap pu better at present to retain the ms. name Un" —— which my specimens were distributed. I -— ur pose, however, that the species will prove dee tical, and that the character, in the work q must be modified accordingly. Bartsia Trivago, L. Pico. We de 4153 (—). — (271). v 155 (275). V 156 (2721). *156 (274). w-— (273). v157 (277). v158 (279). v 159 (—), v160 (278). *161 (276). «162 (—). v 163 (955). v164. (283), ¥ 165 (984). v 166 (284 “167 (—), BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 599 Scrophularia aquatica, L. Flores. S. Scorodonia, L. Antirrhinum Orontium,L. Flores. (In arvis.) No. 154 nost. spec. est ejusdem varietas sub- glabra, glaucescens, floribus albidis purpureo- striatis. Hab. in muris rupibusque siccis insule Fayal. Linaria dealbata, Link. Fayal. Folia ovata; inferiora basi utrinque tridentata, superiora sagittata, suprema integerrima. An * Linaria Sieberi, Reichb.” (Flo. Azo. No. 272)? L. spuria, L. Fayal. (Desunt flores.) | L. cirrhosa, Willd. Veronica officinalis, L. Fayal; Pico. V. Dabneyi, Hochst. Fayal; Corvo. V. serpyllifolia, L. Fayal; Flores. V. Anagallis, L. Fayal; Flores. V. arvensis, L. Fayal; Flores. Acanthus mollis, L. Fayal; Flores. (Aliena)? Verbena officinalis, L.. Fayal; Flores. Lysimachia Azorica, Hornem. Fayal; Flores. Letevirens. Caules ascendentes. Folia ovata vel elliptica, obtusiuscula ; paginze superioris venae prominule. Calycis lacinie lanceolate. Semina inter angulos plana. In ceteris cum diagnosi Lysimachie nemorum (DC. Prodr. 8.66) bene convenit. An-ne species propria, in iconibus male depicta, in libris haud melius descripta ? Lysimachia nemorum vere simillima; tametsi dis- tinguenda caule prostrato radicante sub sole purpurascente, foliis late ovatis acutis, in pagina superiore venis impressis, calycis laciniis subu- latis marginibus membranaceis, seminibus inter angulos convexis. Anagallis arvensis, L. Fayal; Flores. ). A. cerulea, All. Fayal. Centuneulus minimus, L. ‘Flores; Corvo. 600 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. “ 168 (—). Samolus Valerandi, L. Flores. “169 (285). Myrsine retusa, Ait. Ins. omnibus. v 170 (218). Cichorium Jntybus, L. Fayal; Flores. v 171 (—). Lactuca Scariola, L. Fayal; Flores. wv 172 (—). Sonchus oleraceous, L. . Fayal. v 173 (230). S. asper, Hoffm. . Fayal; Pico. » 174 (229). Helminthia echioides, Gaert. Flores. “175 (225). Urospermum pieroides, Desf. Fayal. v 176 (—). Leontodon Tararacum, L. Fayal (Absunt flores.) “177 (224). Hypocheris glabra, L. - Fayal; Flores. . » 178 (223). Thrincia nudicaulis, Lowe. Fayal. Disci achenia muricata, in rostrum leve breviter sed tamen distincte attenuata; radii leviuscula, -zequaliter. sed tamen obscure attenuata. In ceteris cum T. hirta, DC. (agris anglicis) con- venit planta a me lecta in .Fayal; igiturque forma est intermedia inter T. hirtam et speciem in Flora Azorica, sub nomine T. nudicaulis, - Lowei, enumeratam. "v 181 (231). “Crepis polymorpha, Wallr.” Fayal; Flores. My specimens being young, I trust to the Flora Azorica for the name; otherwise they might have been considered Crepis tectorum, L. *. 379 (221). Tolpis fruticosa, Schrank. Fayal; Flores. ‘In Azoricis, folia sunt lineari-lanceolata, sinuato- ' dentata, vel breviter et remote dentata, vel subintegra. In hortis anglicis, e seminibus azoricis orta, gerit folia inferiora obovato-ob- longa, dentata; superiora lineari-oblonga, inte- gerrima. y «4 180 (—). T.wmbellata, Bert. Fayal; Flores. Disci achenia setis 3-5 aristata. Involucri squame exteriores, in anthodiis primariis, interiores supe" rant; in ramis, subzequales sunt; in ramulis, ues illae breviores. Tolpis quadriaristata, Herb. Smith. sine auct. Tolpis crinita, Lowe, a Spec v (219). v — (220). v182 (—). ¥182 (299). V 183 (227). ¥ 183. (228). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 601 Lemann comm. An-ne dus sequentes (219) et (220) species unica cum presente ? T. barbata, Gaert. T. crinita, Lowe. T. macrorhiza. DC. Fayal Flores. Caulis ascendens, flexuosus, angulatus. Folia inferiora probabiliter (in spec. nost. marcida et deformata) petiolata, suprema acuta, , In ceteris cum diagnosi (DC. Prodr. 7. 86) sat bene con- venit. Specimen Maderense (a cl. Lemann comm.) differt caule graciliore, recto, et foliis angustioribus, acutis, basi attenuatis. T. nobilis, Hochst. Flores; Pico. Cum diagnosi et icone cl. Seuberti, in Flora Azo- rica, optime convenit; nisi quod folia superiora cordata et amplexi caulia sunt, cum dentibus brevioribus et subintegris. ‘‘ Crepis dentax, Sol. ms. in. Herb. Banks.—collected in San Miguel, by Masson.” Dr. C. Lemann. My very few specimens appear so like connecting links be- tween this species and the 7. macrorhiza from Madeira, that they raise a doubt whether these two may not be forms of a single species ; or, it may be, that a third species should stand between them, represented by the specimens above assigned to 7. macrorhiza, DC. Microderis rigens, DC. _ Fayal; Flores. Scapus plus minusve setoso-hispidus, sepius aphyllus, raro (ut in icone Seuberti) monophyllus. M. umbellata, Hochst. in Flo. Azo. No. 227. M. filii, Hochst. Fayal. : I have only a single plant of this species, with the dry scape which had remained after the seed had been scattered from it. In this state it was not recognized as a distinct species, until after my return to England. 602 v 184 (914). v^ 185 (215). v 186 (216). VI87 (217). v 188 (199). w — (208). “ 189 (207). * 190 (209). v 191 (210). «192 (197). V 193 (—). “194 (198). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. Centaurea Melitensis, L. Fayal. Galactites tomentosa, Meench. Fayal; Pico. Carduus pycnocephalus, L. Pico. C. lanceolatus, L. Pico. Bidens /eucantha, L. Fayal. (Aliena?) Gnaphalium Pennsylvanicum, Willd. G. luteo-album, L.- Fayal; Flores; Pico. Filago Germanica, L. Fayal. F. Gallica, L. Fayal. Solidago Azorica, Hochst. Ins. omnibus. S. floribunda, Solander, in Herb. Banks. fide cl. Lemann. Erigeron Canadensis,L. Fayal; Flores; Corvo. Conyza ambigua, DC. Fayal; Flores. 4 195 (201). Anthemis aurea, DC. Fayal; Flores. {v e v v 201 (—) v 196 (200). v N°, 0 (202). v 197 (203). “198 (204). < N°. 0 (205). v. — (206). 200 (—). — (212). — (211). , 202 (196). A. Cotula, L. Fayal; Flores. x Santolina Chamecyparissus, L. (Certe aliena.) Chrysanthemum Myconis, L. Fayal. C. segetum, L. Fayal. (Et quoque No. 199.) C. coronarium, L. Fayal. (Certe aliena.) C. pinnatifidum, L. Senecio Maderensis, DC. Fayal. flores.) S. malvefolius, DC. S. pseudo-elegans, Less. S. vulgaris, L. Fayal. Seubertia Azorica, H. Wats. ms. nibus. Receptaculum planiusculum. . Achenia in vef- rucas squameeformes insidentia. Involucrum sub fructu reflexum. Perennis. Folia alterna. P a dunculi terminales aut (in plantis junioribus) scapiformes. In cæteris cum charactere generis Bellis (DC. Prodr. 5. 304) et diagnosi specie! (Desunt (“ Planta capensis”) Ins. om- B. Azorica (Flo. Azo. No. 196) omnino convenit. » = I have ventured to change the generic name of mw w 203 (—). e (213). * 204 (—). v 205 (—). v 206 (189). = (190). w 207 (191). v — (193). v 208 (188). » 209 (—). 4210 (—). "211 (178). p 079). '212 (180). v 213 (181). “214 (—) v 215 (—). 4216 (—). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 603 this plant, into one which will commemorate the learned author to whom science is indebted for the first Flora Azorica ; and with which the spe- cific name will aptly correspond. It will be for the authorities in Botany to decide whether a new genus shall be founded on small diffe- rences (as usually done among the Composite) or whether the generic character of Bellis shall be so far modified as to include the Seubertia. Calendula arvensis, L. Fayal. C. officinalis, L. Eadem species ac 203 ? Xanthium strumarium, L. Flores. . Varietas, fructu subgloboso, rostris brevioribus. Mirabilis divaricata, Lowe. Flores. (Aliena?) Plantago major, L. Fayal; Flores. P. media, L. P. lanceolata, L. Fayal; Flores. Ad hanc quoque adducenda P. Azorica, Hoh. (Flo. Azo. No. 192.) In horto nostro culta, e seminibus azoricis, secundo anno, a P. lanceolato vix, et ne vix quidem, distinguenda. P. Lagopus, L. P. Coronopus, L. Fayal; Flores. Littorella lacustris, L. Corvo. Amaranthus Blitum, L. Flores; Corvo. One specimen, from Fayal, may belong to a second species,—perhaps A. strictus. Chenopodium ambrosioides, L. Fayal ; Flores. C. rubrum, L. C. murale, L. Fayal; Corvo; Pico. Salsola Kali, L. Fayal. Anne potius Salsola Tragus, L.? Atripex patula, L. Flores; Corvo. Beta marilima, L. Fayal. Rumex ? Caldeira in Fayal. Seeingthis plant with unexpanded flowers in June, 604 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. I then took only two small lateral branches, under the expectation of returning to the locality at a later season ; though in this I was disappointed. It is a very large species, probably exceeding R. Hydrolapathum, Huds. “ 217 (—) R. acutus, Sm. Fayal. A Rumice sanguineo, L. vix distinguenda. Y 218 (—). R. crispus, L. Corvo. y 219 (—). v — (185). ~ — (184). R. pulcher, L: Fayal. R. strictus, Link. An species unica, 219 (185)? R. bucephalophorus, L. - 220 (—). R. Acetosella, L.? Fayal; Flores. J 221 (—). «222 (182). Species incerta. In specim. nostro desunt folia inferiora; superiora lanceolata, ad basin utrinque unidentata, non aliter hastata sunt. Flores in statu alabastri tantum possideo. Polygonum aviculare, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. P. maritimum, L. — Fayal. Raised in my garden, from the seeds brought home, the plants are altogether so intermediate between P. maritimum and P. Raii (Bab. in Linn. Trans. Vol. 18, p. 458 and Eng. Bot. Supp. 2805) that, if their descent were unknown, it would be bighly difficult to refer them to either with cer- tainty. This seems almost to establish the specific identity of P. maritimum and P. Raii, different as these plants undoubtedly appear in the absence of the intermediate forms. P. Persicaria, L. P. ? Flores; Corvo. : Caulis erectus, levis. Folia lanceolata, hispida preecipue ad margines. Ochres foliorum strigose, ciliate ; florum leves, ciliate. Pedunculi leves; terminales vel (raro ?) laterales, spicas filiformes subracemosas erectas 2-3 gerentes. Fructus levis angulis obtusis nitidis. My few specimens 7924 (177). z225 (—). v 226 (186). ¥ 297 (187). 4 228 (—). v 229 (—). J 230 (172). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 605 glued down, will not enable me to make a proper description of this, which I cannot refer satisfac- torily to any described species. Phytolacca decandra, L. Fayal; Flores. Persea Indica, Spr. Fayal; Flores. (Aliena ?) P. Azorica, Seub. Fayal; Flores; Pico. An species vera? Anne Laurus Barbusana, Lowei? i Daphne Laureola, L. Pico. (Ramis divaricatis.) Corema alba, Don. Pico. (In colle juxta litus.) Buxus sempervirens, L. Fayal. (Aliena.) Euphorbia S/ygiana, H. Wats. ms. Fayal; Flores Fruticosa, inermis, subcarnosa, ramis erectis superne foliosis, foliis sessilibus confertis crassis subcoriaceis lineari-oblongis mucronatis sparse- pilosis purpureo-glaucescentibus, pedunculis co- rymboso-umbellatis (axillaribus solitariis longio- ribus et terminalibus numerosis umbellatis) sub- quadriradiatis : radiis furcatis dicephalis, bracteis involucris florum masculorum squamis pedun- culisque junioribus villosis, fructu verrucoso. Hab. in fissuris rupium, alt. 1500-2500 ped. angl. supra mare. Ad hanc proxima certe Euphorbia mellifera, Ait. (Flo. Azo. No. 172) sed distin- guenda (an semper?) folis levibus, lanceolatis, tenuiter uncinato-apiculatis, basi fere in petio- lum attenuatis, in herbario conspicue venosis; et quoque inflorescentia minus composita atque subleve, id est, pedunculis corymbi sublevibus tri-quadriradiatis, radiis simplicibus monocephalis, bracteis ciliatis tantum, et involucris extrinsecus levibus. Having seen very few specimens of E. mellifera, I am not prepared to say whether the characters above given will always distinguish that species from E. stygiana. Among the many preoccupied names in this genus, all those most 606 v 231 (171). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. applicable to the present species are already ap- plied otherwise. I have therefore taken up the name of the steam vessel (Styx), from which I landed to botanize, and the name is really not ill applied to the dark foliage and sombre appear- ance of this shrub, with its skeleton-like branches, bare of leaves, except near their summits. E. Azorica, Hochst. Fayal; Flores; Pico. Species perennis, etiam suffruticosa, ut opinor; sed tamen hoc inquirendum. Proxima E. Port- landice. 4 232 (—). E. exigua, L. Fayal. v 238. (—). v 934 (169). E. Peplus, L. Flores. E. Peplis, L. Fayal. y — (170). E. Lathyris, L. v — (173). v 235 (—). v 236 (—). v 937 (176). y 238 (174). Ricinus communis, L. Mercurialis annua, L. Fayal. Parietaria Lusitanica, L. Pico. P. officinalis, L. Fayal; Flores. Urtica Azorica, Hochst. Fayal. Probabliter varietas U. membranacee, Poir. Spice fæmineæ subglobose vel cylindric, vel etiam filiformes. V — (175°. U. Lowei, Seub. ,"239 (—). ù 240 (—). v 241 (167). w 242 (163). v — (164). Vo (065) Populus nigra, L? Fayal; Flores. (Aliena?) Salix fragilis, L. Fayal. (Aliena?) Myrica Faya, Ait. Fayal; Flores; Pico. _ Juniperus Ozycedrus, L.? ^ Fayal; Flores; Pico. Seubert places this as a variety (brevifolia, Hochst.) of the species to which it is here doubt- fully assigned. I have not seen ripe fruit, but the young fruit, equally as the leaves, differ con- siderably from those of all the examples of J. Oxycedrus which have come under my obser- vation, excepting one from Madeira. Pinus Pinea, L. Taxus baccata, L. Y943 (157). v 944 (155). ! 244 (156). 7 245 (2. | V 246 (—). / 247 (9. — (1525). BOTANY OF THE AZORES: 607 Like the orange and lemon, in the Western: Azores, these two trees grow where they are planted; and that is all their claim to nativity. Serapias cordigera, L. Fayal. Isaw itso low as 300 feet in Fayal, no where above 2000. For this, as well as other species, the range of altitude stated in the Flora Azorica must not be very implicitly relied upon. Habenaria micrantha, Hochst. Fayal; Flores. Calcar fusiforme, sepalis labelloque lineari in- tegro paulo longius, ovario bracteis breviori bis terve brevius. Flores numerosi (50) dense spi- cati, aut, in specimine parvo, pauci (12) laxe spicati. H. longebracteata, Hochst. Flores. Calcar filiforme incurvum, sepalis labelloque lineari integro duplo longius, ovario bracteas subequante triente brevius, Flores numerosi (30). These two species of Habenaria (or Platanthera) are probably variable. I found few. plants, and have reserved only three of them for my herbarium. They are here partly described, because not quite corresponding with the diag- noses and figures in the Flora Azorica. Shortly before leaving the islands, it was my misfortune to lose a book in which I had sketched the flowers of these and other novelties from the living plants. Now, I have only the specimens in my herbarium to look to; the duplicates having been distributed. Iris ? Prope Largens, in Flores. (Indi- gena ?) Gladiolus ? Prope Flamingos, in Fayal. (Aliena ?) A Amaryllis Belladonna, L- Fayal- (Aliena.) Scilla maritima, L. p. 608 Y 248 (—). ^ 249 (153). — (154). ¥ 950 (161). N?.0 (162). — (160). v 951 (158). y 252 (—). " 258 (—). v —: (159). , 954 (147). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. Narcissus (Aliena ?) NB.—The bulbs and withered leaves of the Amaryllis were abundant about Horta, in the month of June, and. some flowers appeared early in September. The Jris, Gladiolus and Narcis- sus were seen only in single localities ; the flowers gone, and leaves withered. Smilax divaricata, Sol. ms. in Herb. Banks. Pico. This plant corresponds very il with specimens of S. mauritanica in the herbarium of Sir W. J. Hooker, which is considered synonymous with S. tetragona, the name under which Seubert places the plant from Pico. In my specimens, the stem is terete and striated, though somewhat angular where the flowers grow. Ruscus androgynus, L. Arum Italicum, Mill. Fayal. Colocasia antiquorum, Schott. (Culta.) Of these two plants I saw the leaves only: those of the Arum almost withered away. I must therefore trust to the Flora Azorica for their names. I had supposed the Arum to be our maculatum, and alluded to the Colocasia under name of Caladium, called by the natives “ Coco” —typographically improved into “Cocoa,” which is a difference indeed. Lemna minor, L. Potamogeton natans, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. P. heterophyllus, L.2 Flores; Corvo. P. pusillus, L. Flores. P. pectinatus, L. Luzula purpurea, H. Wats. ms. Ins. omnibus. — I adopt the original specific name for this species- — Dr. C. Lemann informs me that a specimen 18 ? In monte Carneiro, in Fayal. V 955 (150). * — (149). v 256 (—). 7 257 (151). . 7358 (152), . "959 (148), . 960 (147%), BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 609 in the Banksian herbarium, collected in San Miguel, by Masson; though it is misnamed cam- pestris. It now appears, by a reference in the Flora Azorica, that Masson's plant had been published, though not described, under the name of “Juncus purpureus, Masson” (Buch in Ab- handl. der Berlin Akad. 1816—17. p. 362) Guthnick (1839?) circulated his specimens la- belled Luzula elegans, Lowe ; and I presume that the species was published under the same name in Hochstetter's list (Wiegemann's Archiv. 1843) which I have not been able.to obtain. In the London Journal of Botany (1843) I stated that L. elegans, of Lowe, was quite a different species; and then (unaware of the earlier name purpureus) suggested that of azorica. Lastly (1844) Mr. Seubert, in the full knowledge of these earlier names, describes the plant under the inconve- niently long name of purpureo-splendens. Now, as only one species had been brought from the Azores, and I expressly referred to the specimen of Guthnick, the travelling companion of Hoch- stetter, whose misapplication of Lowe's name I sought to correct, Seubert knew perfectly well that my name azorica was applied to the same species which he has chosen to re-name. Under these circumstances, the original specific name of Masson or Buck is resumed, with the necessary change from Juncus to Luzula. Juncus acutus, L. Fayal; Flores. J. maritimus, L. | J. effusus, L. Fayal; Flores. J. capitatus, Wiegelt. Fayal; Flores; Corvo. - J. uiginosus, Roth. Flores. J. bufonius, L. Fayal; Flores. J. tenuis, Willd. Fayal. Sub nomine J. lucidus, Hochst. in Flora Azorica; * VOL. 117, ag * 610 "261 (—). V 262 (146). v 263 (145). y 264 (—). v — (142). v 265 (—). J 266 (140). 4 267 (141). , 268 (143). y 269 (144). v 270 (129). Ven ©). v 272 (131). v 273 (130) v 974 (133). «275 (139). v 276 (134). v 9277 (137). v 277 (138). - BOTANY OF THE. AZORES. sed species Azorica omnino convenit cum speci- minibus Americanis a cel. Hooker comm. sub nomine J. tenuis. Cladium Mariscus, Br. Flores. Cyperus longus, L. Fayal; Flores. C. esculentus, L. Ins. omnibus. (Aliena?) C. vegetus, Willd. Flores. . Only two tufts of this were found, on the sea cliffs by Santa Cruz. It appears identical with plants in Kew Gardens and in the herbarium of Sir W. J. Hooker, which bear this name. Two or three minor points in Kunth's character and descrip- tion are inapplicable, namely, the long leaves, shining seeds, and ferruginous dots on the glumes or scales. Scirpus maritimus, L. S. setaceus, L. Fayal. : S. Savii, Sebast. et Maur. Fayal; Flores; Pico. S. fluitans, L. Pico. S. palustris, L. Flores. S. multicaulis, Sm. Fayal; Pico. ; Carex sagittifera, Lowe.. Fayal; Flores; Pico. - Cespitosa, Utriculi maturi reflexi. Achenium — oblongum. C. Guthnickiana, Gay. (Flo. Azo. | No. 129.) C. vulpina, L. Flores. C. stellulata, L. Flores; Pico- C. divulsa, Good. Fayal. C. Azorica, Gay. Pico. C. flava, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico- C. levicaulis, Kunze. Flores. C. Floresiana, Hochst. Flores. C. Vulcani. Hochst. Fayal; Flores ? I It is probable that Carex Watsoni, Boott ms- — (alluded to in Flora Azorica) includes both these species of Hochstetter. I had only some S!X or eight specimens altogether, and Dr. Boott saw but half of them. Ofthe two reserved e v — (185). V 278 (136). * 279 (139). v 280 (109). 7/281 (108). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 611 my herbarium, one, in a young state, from Fayal, seems clearly C. Vulcani. The other is from Flores, and more advanced ; and it corresponds better with the description and figure of C. flore- siana, though different in some particulars. It is two feet high; with two barren, and only two fertile spikes; the uppermost barren spike rather exceeding the bracts; the scales er glumes of the female spikes taper more gradually to their apex; the utriculi also taper more both at base and apex, and are speckled with dark brown dots. My two specimens appear really distinct Species; but since priority in publication will keep up the names of Hochstetter, the only question of mo- ment, is, whether my Flores specimen, above mentioned, is the C. floresiana or a third species. If the former, the description in Flora Azorica must be modified where at variance with the characters above-mentioned. C. rigidifolia, Hochst. C. Hochstetteriana, Gay. — Fayal. C. pendula, Huds. Fayal; Flores. Species unica sub nominibus C. pendula, Huds. C. maxima, Scop. C. myosuroides, Lowe. Eleusine Indica, L. Fayal. Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. Fayal. v 282 (99). Digitaria sanguinalis, Scop. Fayal; Flores; | Pico. De . V ?83 (100). Setaria glauca, Beauv. Fayal; Flores. 284? (—). S. verticillata, Beauv. Fayal? A single example of this was found among the specimens collected in Fayal. I have no recol- lection of seeing it in the islands, and suppose that the one specimen may have been previously in the drying paper taken out from England: if not, the species was overlooked among the S. glauca. Eo. ME maet | ea 2 612 4 285 (—). « 286 (98). v 287 (111). Y 988 (103). J 288 (104). - 289 (102). Y 290 (114). " 291 (119%). 4292 (119). 293 (106). v — (105). ~ 294 (—). 2995 (101). 296 (—). v 298 (—). {v 297 (110). 7299 (—). 4.$00 (—). w301 (96). 7 302 (—). € 303 (112). BOTANY OF THE AZORES. Panicum Crus-galli, L. Fayal; Flores. Anthoxanthum odoratum, L. Fayal; Flores. Lagurus ovatus, L. Fayal. Polypogon maritimus, Willd. P. Monspeliensis, Desf. Fayal; Flores; Pico. My specimens were mingled and distributed in- _ discriminately under the name of P. monspe- liensis. As the arista of the palea was long, short, or absent on different specimens, some of them should probably have been labelled P. ma- ritimus. Gastridium australe, Beauv. Fayal; Flores; — — Pico. x Gaudinia geminiflora, Gai Fayal. A G. fragili, nisi spiculis hirtis, vix differt. Cynosurus echinatus, L. Fayal; Pico. Keeleria PAleoides, Pers. Fayal. Deyeuxia Azorica, Hochst. Corvo. D. cespitosa, Hochst. Agrostis alba, L. Fayal; Flores; Corvo. * A. verticillata, Vill? Fayal ;. Flores. Agrostis? Summit of Pico. A. pallida, DC.? Fayal; Flores. My weak eyes forbid any sufficient examination of the grasses. Possibly No. 296 or No. 298 may be the Deyeuzia cespitosa, Hochst. Aira caryophyllea, L. Fayal ; Flores; Pico. Deschampsia argentea, Lowe. Flores. Holcus lanatus, L. Fayal; Flores. H. rigidus, Hochst. Fayal; Flores. Though my specimens are two feet high, I pre- sume them to be the same species as the small plant figured in the Flora Azorica. Clearly dis- tinct from H. mollis, to which I had first wp í d : perly referred them. Avena elatior, L. Fayal; Flores. A. hirsuta, Roth. — Fayal. v — (113). v 304 (107). v 305 (117). 4306 (118). ~ 307 (124). — (123). v 308 (—) : " 809 (127). «310 (—). — (126). v 311 (122). Y 312 (121). v 313 (120). ot). v 315 (—). * 316 (—). ¥ 317 (116). pU = (H5). v 818 (125). . * 319 (199). y 9920 (71). - ¥32) (87). | V $22 (70 v 393 (84 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 613 A. brevis, Roth. Arundo Donar, L. Ins. omnibus. (Aliena ?) Briza maxima, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. B. minor, L. Fayal. Bromus Madritensis, L. Fayal. B. rubens, L. B. mollis, L; Fayal; Pico. Varietas, panicula conferta, spiculis hirsutioribus; que ad B. confertum, Bieb. proxime accedit, sed tamen distinguenda aristis rectis et glumis minus nervosis. Brachypodium distachyum, Beauv. B. sylvaticum, Beauv. Fayal. Varietas, foliis vaginisque subglabris. Triticum repens, L. Festuca bromoides, L. Fayal. F. petrea, Guth. Fayal. F. jubata, Lowe. Fayal; Corvo? Specimina nostra immatura sunt ; sed autem dd hane speciem pertinere videntur: et quoque F. glauca, var. longebracteata, Hochst. in Flora Azorica, No. 120. Poa trivialis, L. Fayal ; Pico. P. annua, L. Fayal. P. Eragrostis, L. Pico. P. rigida, L. Fayal. P. loliacea, Huds. Lolium multiflorum, Lam. Fayal; Flores. Varietas aristata Lolii perennis, L. Hordeum murinum, L. Fayal. Polypodium vulgare, L. Fayal; Flores. Varietas, fronde ampliori, subtriangulari, serrata. Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. Bas ; Flores; Pico. Pico. ). Grammitis leptophylla, Sw. Fayal. ). Scolopendrium vulgare, Sm. Fayal; Flores. . Asplenium palmatum, Sw. Faysls Flores ; Pico. V 346 S347 y 348 BOTANY OF THE AZORES. (80). A. monanthemum, Sm. Fayal; Flores (78). (79). (77). E33. Gm (81). (82). (85). (—). (86). (69). (75). (74). (73). (83). (88). (72). (90). (89). (—). (91). (92). C. (93). (95). A. anceps, Sol. Fayal; Flores. Ad hoc proxime accedit A. Trichomanes, L. in nonnullis exemplis. A. marinum, L. Fayal; Flores. A. Adiantum-nigrum, L. Fayal; Flores. A. lanceolatum, Huds. Fayal; Flores. Athyrium Filiz-femina, Sw. Fayal; Flores. Allantodea umbrosa, Br. Flores ; Pico. A. axillaris, Kaulf. Nephrodium fenesecii, Lowe. Fayal; Flores; Pico. N. molle, Sw. Fayal; Flores. Aspidium angulare, Sm. Fayal; Flores. Acrostichum squamosum, Sw. Fayal; Flores; Pico. | Blechnum boreale, Sw. Fayal; Flores; Pico. Pteris arguta, Vahl. Fayal; Flores; Pico. P. aquilina, L. Fayal; Flores; Pico. Woodwardia radicans, Sw. Fayal ; Flores ; Pico. Dicksonia Culcita, Herit. Fayal; Pico. Adiantum Capillus- Veneris, L. Trichomanes speciosum, Willd. Fayal; Flores. Hymenophyllum funbrigense, Sm. Fayal; Flores; Pico. H. Wilsoni, Hook. Flores; Corvo. Osmunda regalis, L Fayal; Flores. Ophioglossum vulgatum, L. Flores. Exempla Floresiana cum Britannicis sat bene con- veniunt, atque ad speciem alteram caute refe- renda. In paucis exemplis rhizoma frondes duas eodem tempore gerit; sed tamen frequentius fronde unica, statura, et spicæ pedunculi longi- - tudine planta Azorica cum O. vulgato convenit. Lycopodium Se/ago, L. Pico; Fayal? L. suberectum, Lowe. Fayal; Flores ; Pico. L. denticulatum, Willd. Fayal; Flores; Pico. BOTANY OF THE AZORES. 615 ve (94). L. cernuum, L. (San Miguel. J. C. Hunt, Esq. sp-) v 349 (—). Isoetes lacustris, L. Corvo. «350 (—). Equisetum fluviatile, Sm.—-nec: Linn. Fayal; > Flores. NB.—There are two other phenogamic plants, of which I possess leaves only, and cannot cer- tainly indicate even their orders. One is pro- bably an Umbelliferous plant, from the neigh- bourhood of Horta, in Fayal: the other may be a large-leaved Composita, from the Caldeira of Fayal. -The total number of species, in both collections together. amounts to four hundred Flowering plants and thirty-four Ferns, etc. But among the Flowering plants enumerated, there " are at least twenty introduced species, and many others which probably are in the same condition. Some small further abatement may be made, for species counted twice over, under different names (see Tolpis umbellata, Hypericum decipiens, etc.), although I have endeavoured to reduce the num- ber of these as far as possible. And when we observe how many in the list are the common weeds of South Europe, which emigrate with agriculture, it may well be doubted whether the true Azoric Flora, as far as yet ascertained, reaches to three hundred species of Flowering plants. There is a strong presumption that several additional species would yet be discovered by botanists who extended their researches over other parts of the islands and saw them at a different season. About seventy of the species collected by Messrs.. Hochstetter and Guthnick are wanting in my own collection; and this latter, in turn, has about one hundred and ten species which apparently were not found by those two travellers. 616 BOTANY OF THE AZORES, Of the Cellulares, I must confess myself sadly negligent. Only on two or three occasions, while waiting on the same spot for other parties, did I attempt to collect any. For the following list ~ y of some few Mosses, etc., which were thas col- lected, I am indebted to Dr. Taylor. Cellular plants abound in the Island of Flores, whence most of these, I think, came. 4351 Polytrichum formosum, Hedw. v 352 Polytrichum elatum, Schwaeg. v 353 Fontinalis antipyretica, L. v 354 Hypnum alopecurum, L. ~ 355 Trichostomum rigidifolium, Tayl. ms. y 356 Bartramia fontana, Swartz- v 357 Trichostomum fasciculare, Hedw. »358 Trichostomum canescens, Hedw. v 359 Archidium phascoides, Bridel. v 360 Diphyscium foliosum, Mohr. v 361 Trichostomum polyphyllum, Schwaeg. ~ 362 Polytrichum aloides, Hedw. * 363 Bartramia fontana, Swartz. " v 364 Jungermannia juniperina, Swartz. Vv — J. punctata, 'Tayl. ms. wv — J. complanata, L. V 365 J. platyphylla, L. v * 366 J. Tamarisci, Hook. w © 367 Fegatella conica, Tayl. (Fl. Hib.) wv 368 Fegatella hemispherica, Tayl. v *369 Lunularia vulgaris, Michel. ^ * 370 Jungermannia pusilla, L. ^ v 371 Parmelia reticulata, Tayl. v “ 372 Peltidea horizontalis, Ach. "v. 373 Parmelia herbacea, Ach. v Y 374 Parmelia /evigata, Sm. * ¥ 375 Parmelia caperata, Ach. v v 376 Sticta pulmoncea, Ach. ~ ¥ 377 Sticta damecornis, Ach. ON A NEW SPECIES OF HELIANTHEMUM. 617 V/4 378 Stereocaulon paschale, Ach. " « 379 Parmelia leucomelas, 'Tayl. vv 380 Cenomyce gracilis, Ach. ~ “381 Usnea plicata, Ach. P” ago Cenomyce rangiferina, Ach. v “383 Ramalina fraxinea, Ach. Ye 384 Roccella tinctoria, DC. Description of a new British Species of HELIANTHEMUM ; by J. E. Puancuon, Docteur en Sciences de Montpellier. (Tas. XXI.) Tue few annual species of Helianthemum which rank with H. guttatum in the section * Tuberaria,” are remarkable for the deficiency of stipules to their lower leaves only, and for the absence of bracteas at the base of their pedicels. H. gut- tatum, especially, though a variable plant as regards size and pubescence, preserves in all stages its pedicels destitute of bracteas and diverging at right angles, even when the fruit is mature. The growing plant, with which I have been long familiar in the South of France, is thus characterized, and the same peculiarities exist in all the specimens I have €Xamined from Spain, Italy and Central France. Being Perfectly acquainted with the aspect of this pretty species, I could not recognize it in specimens, bearing the name of Helianthemum guttatum, which are preserved in the rich barium of Sir W. Hooker, to whom they were given by Mr. Wilson of Warrington, who had gathered them him- Self on the mountain of Holyhead, in the Isle of Anglesey. The straggling mode of growth, with short, numerous and : Otomous bunches of flowers, the existence of bracteas t fYen to the upper flowers, and of pedicels, which at first. r tly bend down, but rise up when the fruit is ripe and stand P. at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of the cluster, = Such were the characters, which at a first glance, suggested the idea that the plant was specifically distinct from H. gut- —... VOL. 111, 27 618 ON A NEW SPECIES OF HELIANTHEMUM. tatum. In confirmation of this idea, I shall add two particu- lars, which seem to possess some claim to notice. In the first place, culture makes no difference in that main point, the presence of bracteas, which is proved by a sketch of the cultivated specimen, kindly sent by Mr. Wilson. And, secondly, the above cited habitat is the only place where it grows in England proper; while the Helianthemum guttatum, such as it is seen in France and the more southern parts of Europe, is not found in this country, and the plant so called in the English Floras (especially in Smith's Flora Britannica) consists, in my opinion, of two species; one being a native of Jersey, (an island rather allied by geogra- phical position to the French Flora than the British,) this is, judging by an imperfect specimen, merely a hispid variety of H. guttatum; while the other is the Anglesey plant, now under consideration, which seems confined to a much more northern and very limited habitat, growing only on one spot in that island. The general diffusion of Helianthemum gut- tatum, in its native countries, renders it improbable that a single place in that islet should be the type of its growth in Great Britain. Under the conviction therefore of the species being distinct, I confer on it the name of the late Mr. Brewer, who, in Hudson's Flora Anglica, is stated to have been its original discoverer. HeviantrHemum Brewert, Planchon. Helianthemum (e sectione Tuberaria) ; annuum a basi ramo- sum subdiffusum viscidulo-hispidum, pedicellis bracteatis, de- floratis subdeflexis, fructiferis erecto-patentibus, petalis angus- tis immaculatis, staminibus 8-12, seminibus quam in H. gut- tato majoribus. (Tab. XXI.) Cistus guttatus, Huds. FI. Angl., p. 232, ex local. citat. Cistus guttatus, Smith FI. Brit. t. 2, p. 573, (pro parte et quoad plant. Brewerian, non Engl. Bot.) E Has. Anglesey, Mr. Brewer, (Hudson). Holyhead Moun- tain, Rev. Mr. Williams, and also near Amlwch, Rev, H. Davies, W. Wilson, Esq. : ON A NEW SPECIES OF EUDEMA, 619 Herba a basi ramosa, vel, axi abbreviato pluricaulis, visci- dulo-hispida. Caules 4-6, subdiffusi, semel bis-trichotomi, in racemos laxos, bracteatos desinentes. Folia pauca, oppo- sita, sessilia, inferiora 4-6, rosulata, late obovata, semipolli- caria, obtusissima ; caulina stipulata, lineari-oblonga, obtu- siuscula, omnia pilis stellatis simplicibus intermixtis, utrinque hispidula, Bractece conspicue, lineares, non raro falcate, inferiores 3-4 lin. longe, hinc ad summos flores gradatim minores, numquam deficientes. Pedicelli graciles, 6-8 lin. longi, floriferi subdeflexi, deflorati diu sic persistentes, tan- dem, maturo semine, erecto-patentes. Calyx ut in H. gut- tato, Sepala conspicue nigro-punctata; trium majorum alterum latus in prefloratione tectum, petaloideo-membra- naceum. Petala in flore unico observata, angusta, lutea, immaculata. Stamina definita (8-12) pistillo vix longiora. Ovarium et fructus vix H. guttati, sed semina pauciora et evidenter majora. Tab. XXI. Plant of Helianthemum Breweri; nat. size, J. 1. Calyx with fruit, f. 2. Capsule, magnified. Description of a new species of the genus EunEMA; by J. E. PrLawcenow, Docteur en Sciences de Montpellier, (Tas. XXII) In referring to the genus Eudema the little crucife- "ous plant from the Andes which I am about to describe, I l avail myself of the perfectly fructified state of my Specimens to make some slight modifications in the generic Character, The noble work where it was first described, (Humboldt et Bonpland Plantes Equinoctiales) exhibits the Complete analysis of the only two species then known; but the author of the definition himself adds that little confi- can be placed on these analyses, which were made m imperfect fruit, and he recommends all those Botanists _ 4 may possess better specimens, to revise and correct his Of these two species, one Eudema nubigena, 222 620 ON A NEW SPECIES OF EUDEMA. possesses spathulate, thick leaves which are hairy at the margins, and very small flowers, with petals shorter than the calyx. The fruit, like that of the other species, E. rupestris, is supposed to have a dissepiment, so deeply notched towards the summit, that only a slight plate remains at the bottom of the cell The new species which I have observed is somewhat differently organised, in that the dissepiment is widely fenestrated towards the lower part, and the thin plate which remains is situated at the summit of the cell. An exactly similar structure prevails in the ovoid fructifi- cation of another plant of this same genus, which exactly resembles Eudema nubigena in its aspect, and the form and ciliation of the foliage, the shape of the fruit and number of its seeds; but this same plant, which I have seen in Sir W. Hooker's herbarium, differs again from Humboldt's species, because its petals are decidedly longer than the calyx. May it not be supposed that the flowers of Eudema nubigena, described by the above named author, were not fully ex- panded? I incline to think so and to consider Sir W. Hooker's plant as the Eudema nubigena. However, this may be, whether distinct or not, the dubious plant in ques- tion serves to confirm the structure of fructification in my Eudema grandiflora, and to render still more desirable a new examination of E. rupestris and nubigena. Eupema, Humb. et Bonpl. Pl. Equin. t. 2, p. 133. Char. Gen.— Calyx tetraphyllus, foliolis basi subzequalibus laxis. Petala 4, æqualia, calycem superantia! vel eodem breviora? Stamina 6, tetradynama edentula. Silicula bi- valvis, stylo persistente superata, ovata vel oblonga, valvis carinato-concavis, septi latissime fenestrati rudimento loculi apicem! vel ejusdem basim(?) occupante. Semina 6-20, subovoidea. Integumentum simplex, tenue. Albumen nul- lum, nisi lamina gelatinosa tenuissima versus umbilicum crassior. Embryonis curvati cotyledones plano-convex®; cula adscendenti zquilong, zincumbentes. a Eudema grandiflora, Planch.; rhizomate simplici brevi, p foliis linearibus glaberrimis confertis basi dilatatis, pedicellis - ON A NEW SPECIES OF CALYCOPHYLLUM. 621 solitariis brevibus occultis, petalis semipollicaribus, siliculis oblongis 15-20 spermis. (Tab. XXI.) Has. In Andium Peruvianorum monte Asuay, 15,000 ped. alt. Jameson. Planta humilis, perennans, glaberrima. Rhizoma simplex, verticale, 1-2 pollicare, apice incrassato, fasciculum foliorum edens, inferne attenuatum, sublignosum, albidum, squamis brevibus scariosis, foliorum vetustorum vestigiis arcte ves- titum. Folia primo aspectu monocotyledoneam referentia, basibus dilatatis, scarioso-membranaceis, imbricatim ad- pressis, vix pseudo-bulbum efficentia, hinc erecto-patentia, ob- longo-linearia, 13 poll. longa; 2-3 lin. lata, integerrima, obtusa, crassiuscula, obsolete trinervia. Flores, pro planta magni, albi, e fasciculo foliorum emergentes; pedicelli solitarii, uni- flores, axillares, folio multo breviores et ideo florentes oc- culti. Tab. XXII. Plant of Eudema grandiflora, Planch.; mat. size, f. 1. Flower; f. 2. Stamens; and pistil f. 3. Silicula; f. 4. One valve of the silicula showing the incomplete Septum above, and the seeds; f. 5. Seed; f. 7. the same laid open, showing the embryo :—magnified. — Description of a new Species of Ca.xcoruyLium from British Guiana ; by the CnEvAL1ER Rost. H. ScHouBunGk, Ph. D. (Tass. XXIII. XXIV.) What a splendid aspect our Rose bushes afford under the temperate zone! That favourite plant, alike cultivated by the poor and the rich, how they ornament the garden, and adorn the hedges surrounding our fields, when in full blos- Som. Let then imagination convey you to the great garden of nature in Guiana, clothed in tropical exuberance ; and among those productions of a congenial sun and fertile soil, to yourself trees from 40 to 50 feet high, presenting a mass of leaves of the colour of our fayourite flower, from a deep pink to the lightest rose, and perhaps your fancy will 622 ON A NEW SPECIES OF CALYCOPHYLLUM. assist you to form some idea of the picture I beheld at one of the valleys of the river Rupununi, where a high mountain on the river's left bank turns its bed boldly to the east. The banks of the stream, and the steep side of the hill were alike covered with trees, clothed with rose-coloured leaves, and only on a near approach, the shining green leaves, and the spikes of flowers of a velvety blue, were discovered. There are several genera of the natural family of Rubiacee, as Calycophyllum, Mussenda, Pinkneya, &c., where one of the teeth of the calyx expands into a petioled and coloured leaf of a membranaceous texture. In the tree under description this is the case in such a remarkable way, that these bract-like organs of different shades of rose-colour are so numerous as to give the whole landscape a peculiar character which appears couleur de rose. ! 1t proved a new species of Calycophyllum and as I am prevented, by the existence of a genus Stanleya, from naming one of the new genera discovered during the expeditions in the interior of Guiana, under authority of Her Majesty's Colonial Office and during the execution of which the Right Honourable Lord Stanley presided as Secretary, after his Lordship, I have received his permission to make this splendid tree known to Botanists under the name of Caly- cophyllum Stanleyanum. CarycoPuvnLuM, De Candolle, Familia RUBIACES, Prodromus, v. 4, p. 367. | C. Stanleyanum (Schomb.); foliis ovalibus vix acuminatis basi cuneatis utrinque glabriusculis, racemis strictis VIX ramosis, floribus sessilibus, calycis limbi dentibus acutis uno in floribus paucis bracteisque 1-2 inferioribus in laminam maximam petaloideam orbiculatam petiolatam expansis. (Tabs. XXIII. XXIV.) = Arbor 40-50 pedalis, ramis glabris teretibus, cortice cinereo. Folia opposita, 3-4 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata, v. ramealia minora, membranacea, penninervia et reticulatn ON A NEW SPECIES OF CALYCOPHYLLUM. 623 venosa, venulis ultimis translucidis. Petioli 2-4 lin. longi; stipule utrinque solitaria, integre, subconnate, ovato-lan- ceolatze, acutissime, fuscescentes, circa 2 lin. longe, decidue. Racemi terminales v. in axillis supremis axillares, 3-6 poll. longi, stricte erecti, simplices, v. utrinque ramo aucti, a medio ad apicem floriferi, tenuissime tomentosi, puberuli, pedunculo ancipiti, rachi angulata. Flores sessiles, sparsi, solitarii, v. per 2-3 congesti, singuli bractea parva squame- formi subtensi. Bractee 1-2, inferiores cujusve racemi et lobus alter calycum 1-2 inferiorum sepius expanse in lami- nam roseam 1-142 pollicarem, obovato-orbiculatam, obtusam, basi rotundato-cuneatam, petiolatam, ad venas puberulam. Calyces 2 lin. longi, tomentosi. Corolla extus pubescens, tubo 3 lin. longo, limbo expanso, laciniis latis obtusis. Stylus vix apice brevissime emarginato-bifidus. Stamina et ovarium omnino Calycophylli. The wood of the tree is very hard and of a yellowish- brown colour, and like others of the tribe Cinchonea, is of a strong bitter, so that I have little doubt it possesses febri- fugal properties. The Macusi Indians call the tree Dehpé ; I have only found it near the Rivers Rupununi and Takutu in the 3rd parallel of north latitude. It is worthy of remark that the bract-like leaf of the calyx enly forms itself after the flower has dropped off. This is the reason why only the lower parts of the racemes are adorned with them. The growth of the calycal leaf is very rapid, expanding to its natural size in the course of a couple of days, References to the Plate, Tans. XXIII. XXIV. Fig. 1. Calyx with one of the lobes expanded into the large coloured petal-like appendage. f. 2. Flower. f. 3. Calyx (of the ordinary character) and pistil. f. 4. Corolla laid open, showing the stamens :—more or less magnified. 624 ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAURINES. O Two New Species of the Family LAvRiNEX from the Forests of Guiana; by the CmgvALIER Rosertr H. ScuoMBunGk, Ph. D. Grandeur im the development of its forms is the chief feature of tropical vegetation. The grass assumes an arbo- rescent aspect, the Fern vies in appearance with the stately Palm. Gigantic trees raise their lofty crowns to a height unknown in the European forest and display the greatest contrast in the structure and appearance of their foliage, offering inexhaustible treasures, not only for architecture, but likewise for the manufacture of furniture and for other domestic uses. The primitive forests of Guiana eminently afford an instance of the fecundity with which nature has spread her gifts to render their aspect more imposing and majestic. I have somewhere else described the Mora,* which most appropriately has been called the King of the Forest, as it towers above every other tree and reaches frequently a height of 90 to 100 feet before it diverges into branches. Among those vegetable productions, which in height and circumference vie with the Mora, are trees of the Mimosa, the Laurel, the Cesalpinia, the Sapota, the Bombas and various other tribes, of which Botanists and travellers, 1n consequence of their gigantic size and the uncertainty when they are in flower, have not been able to procure the neces- sary data to assign them a station in their system. : The tree which forms the first object of my description has been known since the last century. Bancroft, in his Natural History of Guiana published in 1769, describes the Greenheart tree or Sipeira, and draws attention to its use- fulness, in consequence of the weight, solidity and perma- nence of its wood. In later years, several cargoes of its wood were sent to the Clyde and to Liverpool, where 1t * Mora excelsa, Bentham in Linnean Transact. vol. xviii. p. 207- ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAURINEA. 625 commanded a higher price than any other wood in the market; but the botanical character of the tree, which fur- nished such useful timber, remained unknown. A new interest was attached to this tree when in 1834 Mr. Rodie, late a Surgeon in the Royal Navy, discovered that the fruit and bark of the Greenheart contained a vege- table alkali which he used with the greatest success in the intermittent fevers of that colony. His attempts at that time to draw the attention of the medical profession to this dis- covery, failed. I observe, however, that on the 17th of April, 1843, a paper “on the Bebeeru tree of British Guiana, by Douglas Maclagan, M.D., F.R.S.E.," was read at the Royal Society of Edinburgh,* which gives the results of Dr. Mac- lagan’s experiments, while at the same time he regrets being unacquainted with its botanical character. It was natural that at my first arrival in Guiana my curi- OSIty was attracted to this remarkable tree ; but all attempts to procure specimens of its flowers proved in vain, with the exception of a poor specimen which Mr. Patterson, an ex- tensive woodcutter, presented to me. "The flowers were de- cayed, and though I thought I could not be mistaken in Pronouncing it a Laurinaceous plant, it proved impossible to assign the section of this extensive family to which it be- longed. lt appears other Botanists have been equally unsuccessful, and I presume it must be ascribed to the anxious wish to have the uncertainty cleared up, that Dr. Graham contented himself with imperfect flowers of this tree, to establish a new genus. They were all abnormal, the parts of the flower being irregularly increased in number, a circumstance ob- Served in several species of Laurinec. Shortly before I left Guiana I was able to procure some More perfect inflorescence, which I sent to Mr. Bentham, and with his assistance, I can now give the following description, which will prove it to be a somewhat anomalous species of Nectandra, * Since printed in the Transactions of that Society, Vol. xv. part 111. 626 ON TWO NEW SPECIES*-O0F LAURINE/F. I have dedicated this species to Dr. Rodie, the first Euro- pean discoverer of its antifebrile virtues. Necranpra, Rotíb.—Familia LAurinr#®.—Tribus, Nec- tandree, Nees Laurin. p. 276. N. Rodiei (Schomb.) ; foliis suboppositis oblongo-ellipticis breviter acuminatis coriaceis glabris supra nitidis obscure reticulatis, paniculis paucifloris axillaribus folio multo brevi- oribus minute tomentellis, antheris omnibus crassis oblongis eglandulosis. NectanDrRA Rodici, Schomb. in Hook. Ic. Pl. ined. Arbor 60-pedalis et ultra; truncus erectus ramos summo apice gerens, cortice levi, cinereo. Ramuli juniores; uti inflorescentia, tomento tenuissimo in sicco ferruginei, mox glabrati. Folia semipedalia v. longiora 2-3 poll.lata, pleraque fere, sed rarius exacte, opposita; petiolo canaliculato 4 lin. longo. Panicule 1-2 pollicares, a basi ramoste, ramis při- mariis longiusculis apice paucifloris. Bractee in specimine delapse. Pedicelli crassiusculi, 2 lin. longi. Flores 2 lin. longi, expansi 33 lin. lati, fere omnes a me examinati plus minus difformes, partibus numero irregulariter auctis. Pauci tamen, qui normales videntur, sequentia ostendunt. Perigont late campanulati (subrotati?) Jacinie sex, ineequales, Crasste; rotundate, decidue. Anthere 12, more Laurinearum quadri- seriales, sessiles, oblong, crasse, erecto-arcuate, obtuse, puberule, infra apicem quadrilocellate, locelli ad utrumque latus duo suprapositi, in antheris 6 exterioribus majoribus subintrorsi, in 6 interioribus minoribus subextrorsi, loculo superiore sepius minore v. magis antico interdum obsoleto. Glandulas nullas detexi. Ovarium in fundo perianthii sessile, uniovulatum. Stylus antheris paulo brevior, apice distincte et crassiuscule stigmatosus, in floribus difformibus sæpe abbreviatus obscure stigmatosus. Perigonii tubus post anthesin increscit, et ex cicatrice fructus verosimiliter cupulam format, brevem, persistentem. Bacca ovato-globosa, obtusa, à latere breviter compressa 3 poll. longa, carne siccando coriaceo-sub- ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAURINE. 627 lignosa. Calyx fructifer cupuliformis, vix corrugatus, margine integro circa 10 lin. diametro. The Sipiri or Bibiru tree, which latter is the Arawaak name, continues undivided by branches until near the top ; the trunk is covered with an ash-grey smooth bark, it is quite erect, and frequently above 50 feet in height. The flowers are of a yellowish-white colour, and the fruit which follows is somewhat obovate, globular, slightly compressed, the longer extension being 7} inches in circumference, the lesser about 61 inches. The pericarp is of a greyish-brown, speckled with whitish dots, hard and very brittle, and about aline thick; it is of a brownish colour, which extends only two or three lines. _ The Greenheart tree belongs properly to the rocky soil of British Guiana, 20 to 50 miles inland, and is found in abund- ance on hill-sides, along the rivers Essequibo, Cuyuni, Demerara, Pomeroon, Berbice, &c.; but though it frequently occurs in those regions, I have never met. with a tree of that description near the equator. - . Dr. Rodie prepared from the Bibiru (Bebeeru) bark a solu- tion of the sulphate of its alkali, which he has administered with the greatest success in intermittent fevers. Experiments were likewise made at the Colonial Hospital in Demerara with a decoction of the bark, where the only objection to its general use arose from the large quantity which was required, and which the fever-patient felt reluctant to swallow, and the experiments to procure the medicinal properties in a concen- trated state, like the sulphate of quinine, proved fruitless. Dr. Maclagan soon persuaded himself that any attempt to extract crystalline salts was out of the question. How- ever, he succeeded in procuring two vegetable alkaline bodies, one of which he called Bibirine, the second Sipirine, both distinct in their properties, and the latter of which is in- soluble in ether For the detailed account of its chemical Properties I refer to Dr. Maclagan’s able paper, but add * Subsequent experiments led Dr. Maclagan to the conclusion that there Was but one alkaloid which he called Bibirine. 628 ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAURINEZE. here to his analysis of the general composition of the bark and seeds :—viz. r Bark. Seeds, Alkalies (not quite pure) . € 2:20 Tannin and resinous matter coo 253 4°04 Soluble matter (gum, sugar and salts). 4°34 9°40 Starch : > : ncc 53°51 Fibre and vegetable albumen . 6994 11:24 Ashes, chiefly calcareous . |o £18 0:31 Moisture x : — 1207 18:13 Loss : : , . 645 117 100* 100* It will be noted that there is almost 54 per cent starch in the fruit, and the aborigines are so well aware of this fact, that they use it in times of scarcity, as a substitute for bread. The seeds are grated for that purpose, and immersed in water, when a white starch precipitates itself, which is repeatedly washed to deprive it of its bitterness. It is afterwards mixed with decayed wood, chiefly of the Walaba tree (Eperua falcata), and baked into cakes. 1 have been under the necessity of using this substitute for Cassava; but, if prepared with ever so much attention, it is impos- sible to deprive it of its strong bitter taste. The Indians are sometimes obliged to live for months on it,—whether to the improvement of their health, I know not. Before I conclude my description of the Greenheart, I should wish to draw attention to the great importance of the new discovered alkaloid, and its powerful action as @ febrifuge remedy. Dr. Maclagan cites several instances where he has used it with great benefit in fevers and periodical headache, and he alludes likewise to the marked success with which his friend, Dr. Watts, in Demerara, employed it in 1m- termittent fevers in the colony. I know from verbal commu- nications with Dr. Rodie, the discoverer, that he places the greatest confidence in its efficacy, and as Dr. Maclagan alludes to a secret medicine, which made its appearance ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAURINEJE. 629 under the name of Warburg's Vegetable Fever Drops, in the colony, and which his chemical examinations have proved to him to be a preparation of Bibiru, I can attest its efficacy. After I had suffered six months. of intermittent fever, during my first expedition in the interior of Guiana, and which reduced me to a walking skeleton, half a dose of these drops freed me from the fever, and restored my health. At present the free is only felled for its timber, and the bark thrown away as useless. If there be any truth in the statement that the Peruvian Republic intend to restrict the exportation of Cinchona bark, and if further experiments should prove the Bibiru bark to be equally efficacious, the Bibirine might prove a useful and important succedaneum. IL—The Aborigines of the interior, but chiefly the Wac- cawais, have from time immemorial occasionally brought fruits of a tree to the coast, which they recommend as an excellent remedy in dysentery, diarrhea, &c., and which, in reality, are much esteemed by the colonists as a domestic re- medy for these complaints. The fruits are generally divided into four quarters or into halves, and strung on strings for the convenience of drying them the better. "They are of a dark brown colour, and their taste is warm and spicy. Although Dr. Bancroft has already mentioned these nuts, under the name of the American Nutmeg, and Mr. Hartsinck, in 1770, under Camacou or the Waccawai Nutmeg, Botanists were unacquainted with the character of the tree which produces them. It was evident from the warm aromatic taste, and the appearance of their seeds, that they came from a Laurina- ceous tree; but here ended the knowledge. When our expedition was encamped near Roraima, the Arécuna Indians brought us many of these fruits (or Camara, as they are called by the Arécunas) for barter, which being a fresh state, proved that they had been only recently ga- thered, and on my inquiry I learned that the trees which pro- duced them were found in abundance near the small river Mapauri. I was fortunate enough to procure flowers and 630 ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAURINE/;E. fruits, and I am now able to add the Botanical description of this useful tree, which is a new species of the genus derodi- clidium of Nees von Esenbeck, to which I have given the spe- cific name Camara. AcnoDICLIDIUM, Nees. — Familia Laurine&%, — Tribus Acrodiclidia, Nees Laurin. 243. Acrodiclidium Camara (Schomb.); ramulis cinereis, foliis elliptico-oblongis obtuse cuspidatis utrinque glabris, thyrsulis laxis quam folia vix brevioribus, staminodiis primi et secundi ordinis obovato-spathulatis, fructu maximo cupula crassa rugosa margine lacera semi-immerso. Acrodiclidium Camara, Schomb. in Hook. Ic. Pl. ined. Inflorescentia et ramuli novelli pube minutissima substri- gillosa canescentes, partes adultiores glaberrime. Folia 4-6 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata, basi cuneata apice in acumen breve v. longiusculum obtusum producta, coriacea, opaca, petiolo 3-5 lin. longo, subdilatato. Thyrsi ad basin innova- tionum laterales, raro axillares, laxe divaricato-ramosi, ramulis laxe cymulosis plurifloris, pedicellis ultimis perigonio brevio- ribus. Bractee minute, squameeformes, caducissime. Pe- rigonium lineam longum, linea in limbo paullo latius, in tubo brevissime strigillosum, externe glabrum; Jacini@ sex, eequa- les, suborbiculate, pellucido-puntate, crassiuscule, margine tenui. Staminodia sex exteriora obovato-spathulata, ungut- culata, laciniis perigonii subbreviora et iis opposita, ut in A. Brasiliensi, quasi limbum interiorem perigonii referentia. Stamina tria (tertii ordinis) crasso-carnosa, subtetragono- turbinata, perigonio zquilonga, apice dorso oblique truncata, basi extus utrinque glandula majuscula ovoidea instructa; anthere a filamento indistincte, poris duobus parvis ad angulam apicalem interiorem dehiscentes. Stamina quart ordinis nulla. Ovarium tubo perigonii immersum, oblongum» glabrum, uniovulatum, in stylum staminibus vix breviorem» acutum transiens. Fructus depresso-globosus, 2-3 poll. din- metro, coriaceo-baccatus, perigonio aucto cupuliformi sub- lignoso, rugoso, margine irregulariter breviter et obtuse lacero, ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAURINEZE. 631 semi-immersus, Semen forme fructus; testa coriaceo-char- tacea ; hilo lato orbiculato. Species ab Acrodiclidiis descriptis, preter inflorescentiam laxam et perigonium latius subcampanulatum, differt imprimis fructu maximo. In A. Brasiliensi dicitur magnitudine semi- nis Brassice, in A. Jamaicensi pisi majoris volumine, in 4. Guianensi et Kunthiano ignotum. The Camara tree is from 35 to 40 feet high, the trunk grey, almost smooth, and from 8 to 10 feet in circumference near the base, It possesses a tendency to throw out flat or tabular projections near the lower part of the trunk, similar to Mora excelsa and Aspidospermum excelsum. The wood is yellow, splintery, and of a bitter aromatic taste; the branches divaricate, and are grey. The flowers cream-coloured. The globose and depressed fruit resembles much the Greenheart (Nectandra Rodiei), but it is perfectly smooth, of a whitish-green colour, and about half its size, immersed in the brownish cupula ; while in the former it merely adheres to the short cupula. Most of the flowers of the thyrsus prove abortive, and 8enerally only one fruit or, at the most, two come to matu- rity. It appears this tree is restricted to the sandstone regions north and south of Roraima, under the fifth parallel of latitude. The Indians generally collect the fruits when they drop from the trees, and dividing them in halves or quarters, according to their size, string them to a thread and hang them up in the sun to dry. The Waccawais, Arecunas, and Sarakong Indians, make them an article of traffic, and ex- change them for other goods with the Indians of the coast regions, and sell them for money to the Creoles, who (as artsinck has already observed) place great confidence in their virtue. Dr. Hancock mentions the large aromatic and astringent fruit as one of the most efficacious remedies, in diarrhoea, dysentery, colic and spasmodic pains. 632 MUSCI JAVANICI. Diagnoses Muscorum quorundam JAVANICORUM, auctore Dr. C. Montacne.* J. Hooxeria, Sm. 1. Hookeria seminervis, Mont. mss.; caule repente com- presso, foliis sexfariis spathulatis planis, lateralibus patenti- bus, intermediis patenti-erectis adpressis omnibus marginatis nervo medio ad vel supra medium evanido instructis, cap- sula....? Has. Ad cortices arborum, in Java insule Prov. Buitenzorg, (Herb. Miq.) Ab Hook. quadrifaria differt caule repente, foliis magis elongatis marginatis et nervo debili, nunquam ultra medium progrediente. H. microcarpe etiam affinis, a qua foliis mar- ginatis recedit. 2. Hookeria papillata, Mont. mss.; caule repente pinna- tim diviso, foliis quadrifariis oblongis apice retuso-acuminatis minute denticulatis subtus papillosis, nervis binis parallelis crassis ad apicem instructis, capsula horizontali oblonga sub ore constricta, operculo conico rostrato, rostro recto.—Folia siccitate longitrorsum plicata crispulaque. Has. Cum preced. mixta. 3. Hookeria Philippinensis, Mont. (conf. Lond. Journ. of Botany). Has. In Jave Prov. Buitenzorg (Hb. Mig.) Hyenum, L. 1. Hypnum sfrepsiphyllum, Mont. mss.; caule procum- bente vage irregulariterque ramoso, foliis (fuscescenti-oliva- ceis) undique imbricatis subhomomallis lanceolatis bast utrinque auriculatis, auricula grosse parallelogrammi-reticu- lata, ceterum lineari-areolatis enerviis, a medio ad apicem usque cucullato-convolutis, patentibus pungentibusque, md ; citate striatulis, perichztialibus (pallidis) ovato-oblong!s * In litteris ad Dr. Miquel, qni communicavit. MUSCI JAVANICI. 633 filiformi-attenuatis vel potius acuminatis erectis, capsula oblongo-urceolata nutante horizontalique, operculo conico- rostrato, rostro longissimo obliquo. Similis Leskee pungenti, at folia diversa et peristomium — Hypni. Folia utin meo Dicrano spirophyllo ita spiraliter convoluta ut cucullum papyraceum (gallice cornet de papier) emulent. Has. In cortice arborum, in insule Java Prov. Buitenzorg (Hb. Miq.) 2. Hypnum scaberulum, Mont. mss.; minutum, caule de- cumbente vage ramoso, ramis inzqualibus apice incurvis, foliis dense imbricato-subdistichis e basi oblonga acuminato- subulatis falcato-secundis enerviis apice serrulatis, perichze- tialium conformium subula recurva, pedunculo muriculato ! capsula urceolata horizontali, operculo aciculari longissimo recto.—Ab omnibus Hypnis seta scabra foliisque secundis- cet. maxime diversum et cum nullo confundendum. Has. Ut præcedens. 3. Hypnum /rismegistum, Mont. mss; squarrosulum, caule primario decumbente, divisionibus subdendroideis erectis vage subpinnatimque ramosis, ramis attenuato-cus- pidatis, foliis caulinis sparsis, rameis dense imbricatis paten- tibus, e basi ovata in acumen acutum attenuatis enerviis lineari-areolatis, pedunculo longissimo, capsula ovato-ob- longa basi subgibba nutante, operculo conico fere dimidiam capsulam aquante, ciliolis peristomii interioris semper ternis. —Species H. brevirostro affinis a quo forma et areolatione foliorum.nec non habitu diversissima recedit. Has. Crescitad cortices, in Javee Prov. Buitenzorg (Hd. Mig.) Weissta, Hedw. l. Weissia Miqueliana, Mont. mss.; caule primo simplici erecto brevi, bienni prostrato innovante, innovatione adscen- dente, foliis erecto-patentibus, supremis homomallis lanceo- carinatis margine recurvis nervo sub apicem evanido Percursis apice subserrulatis, capsula oblongo-cylindracea inclinata. (fusca), operculo conico-rostrato obliquo capsulam VOL. 111, FKA 634 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. fere equante, dentibus obtusis basi bitrabeculatis, ceterum irregulariter cellulosis opacis.—Nullam Weissiam descriptam novi quacum nostram comparem. Has. Crescit ad terram nudam in Prov. Buitenzorg Jave, (Hb. Mig.) | RADULA, Dum. (Jungermannia, L.) 1. Radula campanigera, Mont. mss.; caule prostrato elon- gato distiche subpinnatim ramoso, foliis ovato-orbiculatis subtus ad basin complicatis, lobulo oblongo minore angulis rotundatis, perianthio apice dilatato campaniformi. A Radulis formosa et Boryana, que Flore Javanice, lobulo foliorum obtuso; a R. reflexa et Xalapensi N. et M. forma perianthii, a R. complanata Europea tandem hac ultima nota nec non ramificatione longitudineque spicarum mascularum satis re- cedit. | Has. Crescit supra cortices arborum inter alios muscos, Jave (Hb. Mig.) $ Eana LicngNES Anrarcrici; being characters and brief descrip- tions of the new Licnens discovered in the Southern circum- | polar regions, Van Diemen’s Land and New Zealand, during the Voyage of H.M, Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror; — by Dr. J. D. Hooxer, and Dr. Tuomas TAYLOR. “The uniformity of rocks as they appear above the soil, 1m all parts of the earth, has been well ascertained by geologists. Atmospheric influences disintegrate their surface. The e mosphere and rocks being identical in all latitudes, so must the first layers of decomposing matter on the surface of the latter be. Now such being the precise places that Lichens — select for their seat, it would follow that the geographical distribution of the species should be extended to wider limits than that of any other tribe of plants. Accordingly, we ® in the list of Antarctic Lichens, a great number common = our northern hemisphere. But not the species only, gee LICHENES ANTARCTICI; 635 modes of varying seem also to follow the same law. Thus both in North and South Polar regions, we observe Parmelia plumbea, Ach., passing into Parmelia rubiginosa, Ach.; this again into Lecidea thriptophylla, Ach.;.and finally the latter subsiding into Collema nigrum, Ach.; all identified by. the same structure of their apothecia, as well as' by the singular blue substratum of the thallus. We find the Acharian varieties of many of the European Cenomycides re-appearing in Antarctic regions. "Those Sticte, the patricians among Lichens, form a striking feature in the eryptogamic vegeta- tion of the south. There they occur, not only superior in Size and more numerous in species, but, contrary to what happens in Europe, they almost always bear apothecia. This fertility extends to other genera; so Parmelia diatrypa, Ach., nearly always barren with us, is found with crowded apothecia, in the south. In the following list, the genera of Acharius have been adopted, they seem ample for the pur- Pose. To say nothing of more modern proposals, Acharius himself seems to have multiplied his genera unnecessarily. Thus he founded Variolaria, Lepraria and Isidium upon characters drawn from their buds and not from their apo- thecia, which were unknown to him. As these have been detected, those genera have subsided into Lecidea and Leca- nora. Spiloma and Calicium and some new genera allied to the latter, and lately proposed, are all truly Fungi, which is evident, not only from their selecting decomposing organic matter whereon to grow, but more evidently from. the internal structure of their parts of reproduction.”—T. T. - 1. Sotorina, Ach. l. S. aurantiaca, n. sp.; thallo foliaceo tenui lobato cinereo madore glaucescenti subtus albidiori fibrilloso, lobis rotun- datis integerrimis, apotheciis sessilibus planis tumidulis aurantiacis, n d Han. New Zealand. ; Thallus 1-2 inches wide, when moistened swelling up 2A4A2 636 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. with obtuse ridges; beneath the lobes the whitish fibres are placed in concentric series. Structure of the apothecia different from that of its congeners. The lamina colourless and transparent, forming a shallow layer in which are per- pendicular thece, through the pellucid lamina is seen a dense stratum of subjacent orange-coloured matter, which rests on green parenchyma continuous with the thallus. 2. LECIDEA, Ach. 2. L. atro-alba, Ach.; L. U. p. 162. Has. New Zealand and Cockburn Island. 3. L. geographica, Hook.; Engl. Fl. v. 5, p. 178. Has. Falkland Islands and Kerguelen's Land. 4. L. stellulata, 'Vayl.; in Flor. Hib. p. 118. Has. Falkland Islands and Kerguelen's Land. 5. L. confluens, Ach.; L. U. p. 174. Has. Kerguelen's Land and Cape Horn. 6. L. petrea, Ach.; L. U. p. 155. Has. New Zealand. 7. L. sulphurea, Ach.; Syn. p. 37. Han. Falkland Islands. 8, L. rivulosa, Ach.; Syn. p. 98. Has. Kerguelen's Land. 9. L. marmorea, Ach.; L. U. p. 192. Has. New Zealand. lU. L. speirea, Ach.; L. U. p. 184. Has. New Zealand. 11. L. geomea, Tayl.; in Flor. Hib. p. 124. Has. Lord Auckland’s group and Cape Horn. 12. L. eleochroma, Ach.; Syn. p. 18. Has. Falkland Islands. 13. L. parasema, Ach.; Syn. p. 17. Has. Cape Horn. 14. L. aromatica, Ach.; L. U. p. 168. Has. Kerguelen's Land. 15. L. pulverea, Borr.; Engl. Bot. t. 2726. Has. Falkland Islands. LICHENES ANTARGTICI. 637 16. L. scabra, Tayl.; in Flor. Hib. p. 121. Has. Falkland Islands. 17. L. quadricolor, Borr.; Engl. Bot. t. 1185. Has. Falkland Islands. 18. L. vernalis, Ach.; L. U. p. 198. Has. New Zealand. 19. L. rupestris, Ach.; L. U. p. 206. Has. New Zealand. 20. L. disseminata, n. sp.; verrucis in substratum tenue ni- gricans tartareis albidis sparsis subrotundis subrugosis foraminulosis, apotheciis confertis demum immarginatis confluentibus disco rufescenti, lamina pellucida crassa insuper substantiam albam corticalem posita. Has. New Zealand. Patch indeterminate. Warts of the size of poppy-seeds, apothecia a little larger, their thin border observable only in the young state. It is allied to Lecanora involuta, Tayl. 21. L. glaucopa, n. sp.; crusta effusa tenui contigua suble- prosa albido-cinerea nigro-limitata, gemmis minutis albidis confertis glauco-punctatis, apotheciis sessilibus sparsis intus albidis disco nigro-pruinoso margine tenui atro undulato. Has. Cape Horn, on bark. 1-2in. wide, surface uneven; buds in minute whitish papule, each usually tipped with a single glaucous point observable in the moist state. A vertical section of the apothecium shews a thin pruinose black disk, the Jamina colourless and transparent, resting on white cortical matter ; the black cup containing the Zamina is deficient below it. 22. L. mamillata, n. sp.; thallo cæspitoso fusco-olivaceo crustaceo squamoso subtus centro affixo, laciniis adscen- dentibus crenatis, gemmis confertissimis elongato-granu- losis demum ramosis apice fuscis, apotheciis sessilibus atris disco demum convexo margine tenui atro demum obsoleto. Haz. Falkland Islands. Tuft one-tenth of an inch high; suósiratum thin, black, 638 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. investing ; apothecia largein proportion to the scale on which each is borne. 23. L. albido-plumbea, n. sp. crusta leprosa tenuissima albido-plumbea nigro-limitata, apotheciis sparsis subsessi- libus, disco atro-pruinoso margine tenui undulato intus rufescentibus. Has. New Zealand, on bark. Patches several inches wide, dull whitish lead-coloured ; thallus under a lens appearing broken into. very minute whitish scales. Apothecia few, scattered, the black shell is continued beneath the Jamina, which is a dusky brown. Differs from L. parasema, Ach., by its scaly thallus, and scattered apothecia. 24. L. marginiflexa, n. sp.; crusta albido-glaucescenti tenui minute rimosa demum leprosa nigro-limitata, apotheciis majoribus confertis madore purpureo-nigris disco pruinoso convexo margine tenui flexuoso. Has. New Zealand, on bark. Crust very white, rather smooth: pruina of the apothecia when dry whitish, the disk flat, when moistened convex and of a purple black colour. The /amina is shallow, whitish and pellucid, resting on an equally shallow layer which is brown and lies on much white cortical matter. 3. GvnRoPHORA, Ach. 25. G. stygia, n. sp.; thallo orbiculari lobato undulato plicato atromurino siccitate atro subtus nudo elevato-punctato centro affixo, gemmis centralibus planis minutis. Has. Falkland Islands. i $8 1-2 inches wide, rigid when dry. The upper surface 1s destitute of the elevated points that occur in G. murina, Ach. no apothecia seen. 4. VERRUCARIA, Ach. 26. V. nitida, Schrad.; Journ. 1801, fascic. I. p. 79. Has. New Zealand. LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 639 27. V. dermatodes, Borr.; Engl. Bot. t. 2607. f. 2. Has. New Zealand. 28. V. gelida, n. sp.; thallo umbrino-fusco granulato margine subeffigurato tenuissimo, granulis tumidis confertis sub- pruinosis madore subgelatinosis, substrato tenuissimo atro, apotheciis immersis papillula atra prominentibus intus rufescenti-cinereis. Has. Cockburn Island. Patches crowded, about 3 inch wide, appearing as a dark olive-brown coarse powder; the granules are distinct under a lens, the larger and more central are roundish and. contain each an apothecium tipped with black, the marginal are more elongated, somewhat effigurate, at the very extremity they are thin and investing; when moistened the granules are gelatinous, subpellucid, internally greenish. "The black shell does not pass beneath the nucleus. The crust is far less polished, less continuous and more uneven than in V. um- brina, Ach., while the nucleus is paler. 5. ENDocARPON, Ach. 29. E. pulchellum, Hook. Engl. Flor. v. 5. p. 158. Has. New Zealand. , 30. E. fragile, n. sp. thallo cartilagineo lobato rufescente cinereo subtus pallidiore, lobis imbricatis erectiusculis planis oblongis angulatis subforaminulosis, gemmis granu- latis marginalibus. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. Patches 1-2 inches wide, scarcely 4 inch high. The fronds rising from a narrow base are crowded, plicato-convolute or imbricated, umber-colouréd ; edges of the lobes submargi- hate, variously angulate; in the dry state very fragile. Sometimes large openings may be observed in the lobes, apparently arising from the union of expanding buds. No fruit observed. ee 6. Porina, Ach. 31. P. fallax, Ach. Syn. p. 110. 640 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. Has. Falkland [slands and Cape Horn. 32. P. granulata, n. sp.; thallo tartareo granulato albido, gra- nulis subrotundi rugosis confertis fertilibus majoribus poris 1-5 notatis, nucleis pellucidis pallide lutescentibus. Has. Lord Auckland’s group. 2 inches high; sometimes stained with dark blood-red; apothecia at length flat; the moistened thallus pellucid. 7. THELOTREMA, Ach. 33. T. lepadinum, Ach. L. U. p. 312. Has. Lord Auckland's group and New Zealand. 8. URCEOLARIA, Ach. 34. U. endochlora, n. sp.; crusta albido-cinerea tenui-rimosa ineequabili nigro-limitata nigro-punctata, apotheciis immer- sis planis atris rotundato-difformibus margine thallode te- nui madore obsoleto, lamina tenuissima virescenti. Hans. Kerguelen's Land. A few inches in diameter; sometimes of a cream colour; aged specimens are greenish-white. The structure of the apothecium is peculiar. The figure is that of an inverted cone; its disk consi$ts of a black pruina beneath which 1s an exceedingly shallow lamina of a glaucous green colour, resting on an inverted cone of black matter, extending to the bottom of the thallus. It has a strong affinity with . Bæomyces anomalus Tayl. in Flor. Hib. 35. U. erubescens, n. sp.; thallo crustaceo rimoso areolato - ineequabili ruguloso rufescenti-albido nigro-limitato, apo- theciis confertis immersis concaviusculis difformibus sub- pellucidis olivaceis disco scabrido nigro-punctato, margine thallode lacero-crenulato. Has. Falkland Islands. : Colour of the £hallus superficial, not constant, of the m- terior of the crust whitish. Lamina pellucid, resting on ? layer of white matter. : | 36. U. macrophthalma, n. sp.; crusta glabra tenuissime rmos® — — pallide testacea verrucis planis rufescentibus rimosis COT" — XICHENES ANTARCTICI, 641 spersa margine. effigurata atque nigro-limitata madore minutissime rugosa, apotheciis confertis adpressis siccitate immersis madore elevatis planis fusco-incarnatis margine thallode elevato tenui crenulato atque undulato. Has. Kerguelen's Land. Crust wide; apothecia of the size of turnip-seed, assuming a purplish flesh-colour when moistened. Approaches U. Acharii Ach. 9. LECANORA, Ach. 37. L. atra, Ach.; L. U. p. 344. Has. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. 38. L. exigua, Hook.; Engl. Flor. v. 5. p. 187. Has. Falkland Islands and New Zealand. 39. L. ventosa, Ach.: L. U. p. 399. Has. Falkland Islands. 40. L. hematomma, Ach.; L. U. p. 388. Has. Falkland Islands. 41. L. candelaria, Ach.; L. U. p. 416. Has. Falkland Islands. 42. L. murorum, Ach.; L. U. p. 433. Has. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. 43. L. gelida, Ach.; L. U. p. 428. Has. Kerguelen’s Land. 44. L. glaucoma, Ach. L. U. p. 362. Has. Falkland Islands. 45. L. tartarea, Ach.; L. U. p. 371. Han. Falkland Islands, Kerguelen's Land and Cape Horn. 46. L. parella, Ach.; L. U. p. 370. Has. Falkland Islands. 47. L. miniata, Ach.; L. U. p. 484. Has. Cockburn Island and Falkland Islands. 48. L. subfusca, Ach.; L. U. p. 393. Han. Falkland Islands and Kerguelen's Land. a 49. L. Daltoniana, n. sp.; thallo flavido-cinereo centro defixo lobis radiantibus in ceespitem convexum subdivisis ner Vatis cuneatis margine deflexis, gemmis marginalibus gra- 642 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. nulatis, apotheciis confertis substipitatis concavis disco fusco-olivaceo, margine gemmifero demum incurvo crenu- lato-lobato. Has. Cockburn Island. In small cushions, scarcely exceeding À inch in diameter, ori inch in height. Thallus entirely concealed under the crowded apothecia whose dark olive disks are contrasted with their yellowish ash-coloured crenulate margins. It is singu- lar for a species of this genus to be fixed to the subjacent soil by a central minute disk. A vertical slice of the mois- tened apothecium shows, beneath a dark olive pruinose disk, the pale yellowish, very shallow, pellucid lamina, resting on a thallodal layer. : 50. L. chrysosticta, n. sp.5 crusta tenui albida nigro-limitata, gemmis granulatis confertis, apotheciis confertis conca- viusculis disco flavo-lutescenti pruinoso margine gemmis crenulato. Has. New Zealand, on bark. Crust several inches wide. "The investing crust is studded with large granular buds which sometimes bear on their tops minute orange spots, the rudiments of apothecia. The disk consists of a coarse yellow pruina, covering a deep tawny lamina. The shields are much larger than those of Lecidea ferruginea, Hook., and have a conspicuous thallodal border. à 51. L. versicolor, n. sp.; substrato tenui adnato atro, thalli squamulis subrotundis planis crenulatis albidis demam flavis confertis levibus, apotheciis majoribus sessilibus concavis disco nigro-pruinoso margine integerrimo sub- incurvo. Has. Lord Auckland’s group, on bark. Patches scarcely 1 inch wide; margin black, being a con- tinuation of the substratum. Apothecia larger than de. scales. Under a black pruinose disk is a shallow colourless and transparent lamina, resting on a yellowish thall matter. 52. L. microphthalma, n. sp.; crusta tenui submembranaces albo-cinerascente nigro-limitata rimosa gemmis LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 643 albidis granulosis, apotheciis minutis sparsis madore con- vexis intus albidis disco nigro margine albido integerrimo demum gemmifero. Has. Cape Horn, on bark. Crust scarcely 4 inch wide, soft, whitish ash-coloured, when moistened somewhat tawny on the edges of the rime. Apothecia scarcely observable with the naked eye; their disk consists of a dense black pruina, the lamina is quite white and transparent. The thallus resembles that of Lecidea parasema, Ach, 53. L. dichroa, n. sp.; crusta tumido-granulata areolata am- bitu subeffigurata sordide aurantiaca gemmis minutissimis vix elevatis olivaceis conspersa, apotheciis sessilibus disco fusco-rufescenti margine subintegerrimo crasso undulato, gemmis punctatis. Has. Kerguelen's Land; on rocks. Patches scarcely 1 inch wide, rugged with tumid granules ; apothecia rather crowded, yet few. Immersed in water it immediately imparts to the fluid a fine citron colour. 10. PARMELIA, Ach. 54. P. parietina, Ach.; L. U. p. 463. Has. New Zealand. 55. P. plumbea, Ach.; L. U. p. 466. Han. New Zealand and Van Diemen’s Land. 96. P. rubiginosa, Ach.; L. U. p. 467. — Has. Lord Auckland's group and Falkland Islands, New Zealand and Van Diemen’s Land. 57. P. saxatilis, Ach; L U. p. 469. Has. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. 58. P. enteromorpha, Ach.; L. U. p. 494. Han. Falkland Islands, Cape Horn, and Van Diemen’s 39. P. circinnata, Ach.; L. U. p. 495. Has, Cape Horn. 60. P. conspersa, Ach.; L. U. p. 486. 644 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. Has. Van Diemen's Land, Falkland Islands, and New Zea- land. 61. P. reticulata, Tayl.; in Flor. Hib. p. 148. Has. Falkland Islands, New Zealand, and Van Diemen's Land. 62. P. leucomela, Ach.; Meth. Lich. p. 256. Has. New Zealand. 63 P. speciosa, Ach.; L. U. p. 480. Has. New Zealand. 64. P. proboscidea, Tayl. in Flor. Hib. p. 143. Has. New Zealand. 65. P. perlata Ach.; L. U. p. 458. Has. New Zealand and Van Diemen's Land. 66 P. physodes, Ach.; L. U. p. 492. Has. Van Diemen's Land. 67. P. diatrypa, Ach.; L. U. p. 498. Has. New Zealand. 68. P. sulcata, Tayl.; in Flor. Hib. p. 145. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. : 69. P. spinosa, n. sp. thallo minuto implexo aurantiaco procumbente subpinnatim ramoso laciniis anguste lineari- bus flexuosis, gemmis concoloribus marginalibus spinifor- mibus, apotheciis concoloribus subpedicellatis margine subintegerrimo extus gemmas spiniformes demittentibus. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. This is one of the Borrere of Acharius, a genus that passes into Parmelia. Patches very minute, of the reddish- orange colour of Lecanora murorum, Ach. Thallus foli- aceous, its segments linear; the spiniform buds are conspi- cuous under a lens. 70. P. Tasmanica, n. sp.; thallo pallide sulphureo orbiculato: obtuse complicato levigato subtus fuscescente breviter fibrilloso laciniis subsinuato-lobatis apice subbilobis, gen mis centralibus plano-granulatis demum confluentibus, apotheciis centralibus valde concavis disco badio margine tumido incurvo subintegerrimo. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 645 Patches several inches wide, very uneven with elevated rounded foldings and depressions. In aged specimens the thallus is wrinkled towards the centre, from the confluence of the buds. Apothecia always concave and cup-shaped. The stipitate buds and the wider and more elongated divi- sions of the thallus distinguish this species from P. con- spersa, Ach. 71. P. Zenuirima, n. sp.; thallo glauco-cinereo madore vires- centi sinuato-lobato subtus atro-fibrilloso, lobis angulato- rotundatis concaviusculis, gemmis minutis sparsis linea- ribus pulverem album effundentibus, apotheciis subpedi- cellatis demum planis disco rufo-castaneo margine tenui incurvo extus gemmiferis. Has. Van Diemen's Land. Thallus several inches wide; often reddish-brown towards the centre, uneven, rough beneath with dense, short, black fibres. Aged apothecia sometimes 1 inch wide. Differs from P. sulcata, Tayl. by the wider, smoother, and less in- cised lobes, the more scattered and more minute buds and the browner colour of the aged thallus. 72. P. rutidota, n. sp. thallo flavicante orbiculari levi centro corrugato inciso-lobato lobis rotundatis crenatis subtus atris corrugatis, gemmis marginalibus plano-granulatis Statim in thallum expandentibus, apotheciis centralibus confertis concavis disco rufescenti margine tenui demum crenulato, Has. Van Diemen's Land. Thallus 3-4 inches wide, closely adhering to the bark of trees; uneven with longitudinal folds ; the central portion is Closely and minutely wrinkled, and is tawny. The thallus of P. caperata, Ach. is far larger, and of a lighter yellow, while the buds are in cup-shaped eruptions of the thallus. 73. P. splachnirima, n. sp3 thallo utrinque albido glabro sinuato-lobato, lobis rotundatis crenatis marginibus adscen- dentibus, gemmis marginalibus plano-granulatis statim in thallum expandentibus, apotheciis centralibus plani- usculis disco carneo albo-pruinoso margine tenui undulato. 646 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. Hans. Van Diemen's Land. Thallus from a narrow base divaricating into lobes, colour unchanged by moisture. -Apothecia flesh-coloured, the disk pruinose and at length wrinkled. 11. Cerraria, Ach, 74. C. glauca, Ach.; L. U. p. 509. Has. Cape Horn. 75. C. Islandica, Ach.; L. U. p. 512. Has. Cape Horn. 76. C. inflata, n. sp. thallo in cespitem orbicularem con- gesto pallidissime flavo divaricato-dichotomo lobis fistu- losis intus stuppeis foraminulosis ultimis acuminatis, apo- theciis terminalibus substipitatis concavis disco concolore pruinoso margine inflexo integerrimo. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Two inches high; sometimes stained with dark blood red; apothecia at length flat; the moistened thallus pellucid ; the ultimate divisions are ‘Sdueerdoniceetels narrow. 77. C. lacera, n. sp.; thallo fusco-viridi subtus obiil centi erecto ex angusta basi dilatato sinuato-ramoso lo- bulis linearibus subtruncatis, gemmis marginalibus statim linearibus planis, apotheciis adpressis planis aterrimis mar- gine subevanescente. Has. New Zealand. 1-2 inches high; appearing to the naked eye rugged; broken and unequal in size ; thallus substipitate ; lobes con- cave, becoming greener ihi moistened. "The nature of the buds will easily distinguish this species from C. Js/andica, Ach. x 12. Sricra, Ach. 78. S. damecornis, Ach.; L. U. p. 446. Has. Lord Auckland’s group and Van Diemen’s Land. 79. L. scrobiculata, Ach; L. U. p. 453. Has. Falkland Islands "d Van Diemen's Land. 80. S. fuliginosa, Ach.; L. U. p. 454. LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 647 Has. Falkland Islands. 81. S. erocata, Ach.; L. U. p. 447: Has. Falkland Islands, Cape Horn, New Zealand and Van Diemen's Land. 82. S. orygmea, Ach.; L. U. p. 449. Has. Cape Horn, New Zealand and Van Diemen's Land. 83. S. obvoluta, Ach.; L. U. p. 452. Has. Statenland. (Menzies.) : 84. S. glabra, n. sp.; thallo fulvo-olivaceo nudo glabro in- ciso-lobato subtus nudiusculo, lobis concavis lobulis brevi- bus subbinis rotundatis gemmis marginalibus minutis pla- nis oblongis sorediis minutis albidis margine fuscis, apo- theciis marginalibus subsessilibus concavis extus villosis disco fusco-olivaceo demum nigro margine lacero gemmi- fero. Has. Lord Auckland's group, Campbell’s Island, Falkland Islands, Cape Horn and Van Diemen's Land. A span or more wide; unaltered by moisture, apothecia a little larger than turnip seed. Margins of the lobes raised and much waved. Falkland Island specimens have the lobes very wide. ! : 85. S. cellulifera, n. sp.; thallo fulvo-olivaceo orbiculari apices versus aquilino glabro lacunoso-reticulato radiatim inciso- lobato lobulis sinuatis subdichotomis latioribus subtus subvillosis, margine integerrimis sorediis punctiformibus albidis demum concayis, gemmis ad areolam juga confertis minutis granulosis depressis subconfluentibus, apotheciis marginalibus subsessilibus plano-concavis extus villosis disco nigro margine subintegerrimo. > Has. Campbell’s Island, Lord Auckland’s group and New Zealand. ; A span or more wide; apothecia one-tenth of an inch wide. Allied to S. pulmonaria, Ach. New Zealand specimens are of à dusky olive colour. E 86. S. linearis, n. sp. thallo stellato subdichotomo fusco-gla- cescenti apices versus olivaceo virescenti glabro lacunoso- reticulato subtus fusco subvilloso lobis linearibus apice 648 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. bifidis lobulis acutiusculis, gemmis marginalibus confertis granulosis vix elevatis subconfluentibus, cyphellis concolo- ribus pulverem albidum effundentibus, apotheciis sessilibus submarginalibus disco atro margine lacero-crenulato. Has. Lord Auckland's group and Van Diemen’s Land. A span long; ridges of the lobes transverse, curved; lobes nearly 4 inch wide; apothecia few, a little larger than turnip seed. Lobes sometimes one inch, sometimes only one line wide. 88. S. impressa, n. sp.; thallo substellato lineari-lobato al- bido-olivaceo lacunoso subtus subrufo lobis subpatentibus truncatis, sorediis pallide flavis punctiformibus convexis apice impressis, gemmis marginalibus planis subrotundis, apotheciis confertis marginalibus plano-convexis disco ni- gro margine gemmis coronato. Has. Lord Auckland's group, Campbell Island, Falkland Islands and New Zealand. : 89. S. flavicans, n. sp.; thallo expanso inciso-lobato glauco flavescenti-virescenti nudo glabro lobis rotundatis subin- tegerrimis subtus rufo-flavis nudiusculis, gemmis margina- libus confertis elongatis granulatis statim explanatis, sore- diis minutis sparsis flavis, apotheciis stipitatis concavis extus lanuginosis disco rufo-atro margine subintegerrimo. Has. Falkland Islands, Cape Horn and New Zealand. Nearly 1 foot wide. Towards the centre the thallus 1s sometimes rugose, but never scrobiculato-lacunose as in S. orygmea, Ach.; besides the soredia are fewer, the apothecis — receive a footstalk from the pinched up thallus, leaving? — corresponding cavity on the inferior surface, and they are not naked exteriorly as in the Acharian species. 90. S. coriacea, n. sp.; thallo coriaceo rufescenti-cinereo margine subtusque albido-villoso celluloso-scrobiculato, 10- bulis margine decurvis subcrenatis subtus concoloribus, gemmis marginalibus planis villoso-ciliatis, cyphellis albis concavis marginatis, apotheciis sessilibus concavis extus. villosis disco rufescenti-nigro margine incurvo. Has. New Zealand, LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 649 Several inches wide ; thallus thick, not shining, pale ochrey brown, very uneven, the central parts ascending, the mar- gins deflexed; young apothecia nearly closed up by the incurved villous border. 91. S. latifrons, A. Rich.; Flor. N. Z. p. 27, t. 8, f. 2. Has. New Zealand. 92. S. cinnamomea, A. Rich.; Flor. N. Z. p. 27, t. 8. f. 3. Has. New Zealand. 93. S. carpoloma, A. Rich.; Flor. N. Z. p. 30, t. 9, f. 1. Has. New Zealand. 94. S. chloroleuca, n. sp.; thallo submembranaceo pallide virenti levigato subtus albido corrugato, siccitate cinereo lobis subimbricatis rotundatis lobulatis erenatis, gemmis granulatis statim stipitatis atque explanatis erectiusculis confertis, sorediis minutis albidis. Has. New Zealand. Thallus several inches wide, the lobes concave, smooth, buds expanding into linear, erect, crowded and branched lacinie, affording a decisive diagnostic character between it and S. herbacea, Sch.; no apothecia were found. 95. S. cinereo-glauca, n. sp. ; thallo glabro cinereo-glauco hic illic paullo sinuato-lobato crenato madore fuscescenti subtus rufescenti, gemmis marginalibus planis rotundatis integer- rimis, cyphellis planis concoloribus, apotheciis centralibus confertis disco rufo margine tenui gemmis minutis subcre- nulato. Has. New Zealand. Patches 5-6 inches wide; lobes 1-2 inches long, pale ochrey brown beneath. The buds may be detected on the margins of the apothecia as minute, flat, lacerated, pale membranes, also on the edges of the lobes. Cyphelle shallow, pale- brown. j 96. S. rubella, n. sp. ; thallo pallide rubello utrinque villoso substellato inciso-lobato, lobis oblongis rotundatis lacero- crenatis sublacunosis, gemmis granulatis tomentosis, demum pulverem flavum emittentibus, sorediis flavescentibus. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. VOL, III 2 BB 650 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. Thallus 5-6 inches wide ; reddish, especially in the younger parts; uneven; covered with down on both surfaces, and especially the upper, yet in some lobes this downiness is ob- solete. The fracture of the thallus is bright yellow. No apothecia were found. 13. PEgLTIDEA, Ach. 97. P. canina, Ach. L. U. p. 517. Has. Falkland Islands and Kerguelen’s Land. 98. P. polydactyla, Ach. L. U. p. 519. Has. Lord Auckland's group and Campbell Island. 99. P. venosa, Ach. L. U. p. 514. Has. Kerguelen's Land. The specimens are barren, and we are thus rather doubtful of the precise species; flat granular buds are present at the margins, and the /Aallus is more smooth beneath than in European specimens. 100. P. horizontalis, Ach. L. U. p. 515. Has. Kerguelen's Land. 14. NEPHROMA, Ach. 101. N. cellulosa, Ach. L. U. p. 523. Has. Cape Horn. 15. DUFOUREA, Ach. 102. D. collodes, n. sp.; podetiis erectis basi tumidis cylin- draceis sursum explanatis subramosis perforatis subpelu- cidis flavescenti-albidis, apotheciis minutis conglomeratis sessilibus fuscis marginatis. ; Has. Campbell’s Island, Lord Auckland's group, Falkland Islands, Cape Horn, New Zealand, and Van Diemens Land. The thallodal margin of the apothecia at length assumes the colour of the disk ; podetia smooth, pellucid when moist- ened. 16. Cenomyce, Ach. 108. C. coccifera, Ach.; L. U. p. 269. 3 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 651 Has. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. 104. C. gracilis, Ach.; L. U. p. 550. Has. Falkland Islands and Van Diemen's Land. 105. C. deformis, Ach.; L. U. p. 538. Haz. Falkland Islands. 106. C. fimbriata, Ach.; L. U. p. 535. Has. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. 107. C. cariosa, Ach.; L. U. p. 567. Has. Cape Horn. 108. C. ecmocyna var. ò subulata, Ach.; L. U. p. 550. Has. Cape Horn and Van Diemen’s Land. 109. C. allotropa var. verticillata, Ach.; L. U. p. 555. Has. Cape Horn, Falkland Islands, New Zealand and Van Diemen’s Land. 110. C. retipora, Ach.; Syn. p. 248. Has. New Zealand and Van Diemen's Land. 111. C. bacillaris, Ach.; Syn. p. 266. Has. New Zealand. 112. C. cervicornis, Ach.; L. U. p. 531. Han. New Zealand. 113. C. sparassa, Ach.; Syn. p. 273. Han. Van Diemen's Land. 114. C. uncialis, Ach.; L. U. p. 559, Han. Van Diemen's Land. 115. C. vermicularis, Ach; L. U. p. 566. e Falkland Islands. 16. C. rangiferina, Ach.; L. U. p. 564. Has. ie lindas Cape Horn, New Zealand and Van Diemen’s Land. 117. C. furcata, Ach.; L. U. p. 560. Han. Falkland Islands, Cape Horn and New Zealand. 118. C. sarmentosa, n. sp.; thallo foliaceo palmato adscendente, Podetiis cinereis subsimplicibus czspitosis fragilissimis attenuatis, gemmis albido-sulphureis granulatis compressis, apotheciis minutis nigro-fuscis. y Han. Lord Auckland's group. : 2-3 inches high; podetia slightly bent; the spe sepe 2 BB 652 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. nate, the fertile slightly thickened above. Allied to C. gra- cilis, Ach. 119. C. rigida, n. sp.; thallo foliaceo adscendente cinereo- glauco margine undulato subincurvo, podetiis brevibus lan- ceolatis medio tumidis decumbentibus subsimplicibus rigi- dis scaberrimis, gemmis confertissimis minutis rotundato- granulatis, apotheciis minutis nigro-fuscis. Has. Lord Auckland's group. Scarcely 4inch high; covered with coarse dark grey buds; allied to C. cariosa, Ach. 120. C. ustulata, n. sp.; thalli lobis minutis confertis lobato- crenatis cinerascentibus, podetiis brevibus lanceolatis fis- tulosis curvato-decumbentibus basi concoloribus apice nigrescentibus, gemmis pulverulento-granulosis. Has. Falkland Islands. Podetia X inch high, tumid in the middle, much acuminated and blackish above; the scales of the thallus resemble those of Parmelia rudiginosa, Ach. i 121. C. phyllophora, n. sp.; thallo cinereo squamoso squamis subrotundis lobatis margine elevato compresso subcrenu- lato, gemmis granulatis, podetiis brevibus lineari-lanceo- latis squamiferis fistulosis, apotheciis fuscis minutissimis. Has. Kerguelen's Land. Scales large in proportion to the podetia, which are scarcely 1 inch high; beset with buds expanding into thallodal scales. The perfect apothecia probably are not present; the existing ones resemble brown points on the summits of the podelia 122. C. capillata, n. sp.; thalli squamis minutis, poCe"" albo-cinereis subsimplicibus acuminatis apice brevissime fastigiato-ramosis gemmis compressis granulatis, apotheciis minutis rotundatis badiis. Has. New Zealand. Tufts nearly ? inches high; a few thallodal scales ed towards the bases of the podetia; these are erect, : simple, or rarely emitting an acuminate short branch, S00? - bending upwards; the summits have no scyphi, but d sively short branches, each bearing a reddish-brown, : LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 653 round apothecium. It has some resemblance to C. gracilis, Ach.; but there are no scyphi present. 17. Bxomycess, Ach. 123. B. rupestris, Persoon ap Uster in Ann. de Bot. H. 7, p.19. Has. New Zealand. 18. SrEREOCAULON, Ach. 124. S. pasehale, Ach.; L. U. p. 581. . Has. Kerguelen's Land. 125. S. ramulosum, Ach.; L. U. p. 580. Has. Lord Auckland's group, New Zealand and Van Die- men's Land. 126. S. Argus, n. sp. thallo albo-cinerascente erecto sub- compresso fastigiato-ramoso, gemmis granulatis demum elongatis ramosis appendicibus subglobosis angulatis lacu- nosis, apotheciis terminalibus extus lutescentibus verrucosis disco nigro concavo demum convexo margine thallode cre- nulato. Han. Campbell’s Island. Two to three inches high; appendages as in S. ramulosum, Ach., from which it differs principally by the greater branch- ing below of the thallus, and by the thallodal border of the apothecia. 19. SpH#ROPHORON, Ach. 127. S. compressum, Ach.; L. U. p. 186. - Haz, Campbell’s Island and Lord Auckland's group. 128, S. coralloides, Ach.; L. U. p. 585. Han. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. 129. S, australe, n. sp.; thallo erecto ceespitoso, cinereo-albido demum rubescente ramis teretibus divaricatis dichoto- mis ultimis acuminatis, gemmis elevatis, apotheciis in ramos crassiores cylindricos elatiores subnudos terminalibus atris subglobosis margine thallode demum excluso. Han. Campbell's Island and Lord Auckland’s group. 654 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. About.3 inches high; the podetia overtopping the o^ buds broadly tipping the extreme branches. 130. S. curtum, n. sp.; thallo cinereo-albido erecto cæspitoso basi fuscescenti, ramis teretibus divaricatis adscendentibus, gemmis granulatis demum in ramos extendentibus. Has. Lord Auckland's group. No apothecia were seen. Branches solid, fragile, often incrassated above, scarcely half an inch high. 131. S. complanatum, n. sp.; thallo erecto ramoso rufescenti- cinereo lobis linearibus explanatis integris vel fibrilloso- ramosis hic illic impresso-lacunosis, gemmis granulatis con- glomeratis pallidioribus. Has. Cape Horn. Scarcely exceeding half an inch. Some of the lobes spa- thulate, others divided into thin clustered fibres; without any polish on the surface. No apothecia were observed. The lobes of the thallus are solid. 20. ALECTORIA, Ach. 132. A. usneoides, Ach.; Var. tenuis. L. U. p. 594. Has. New Zealand. 21. RAMALINA, Ach. 133. R. fraxinea, Ach.; L. U. p. 602. Has. New Zealand. 134. R. fastigiata, Ach.; L. U. p. 603. Has. New Zealand aod Van Diemen’s Land. 135. R. terebrata, n. sp; thallo plano ex basi discoidea dad niato erectiusculo cinereo laciniis linearibus acuminatis apice inflexis demum perforatis, sorediis minutis confertis pulverem crassum albidum effundentibus, apotheciis sparsis demum planis concoloribus margine integerrimo. Has. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. Very variable in size, colour and breadth of the lobes; from 1 inch to 13 feet high, from one-tenth to nearly 1 Pa broad, from a tawney brown to nearly white; segments LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 655. sometimes entire, more commonly pierced all over; ultimate divisions either few or very many. 136. R. verrucosa, n. sp.; thallo lutescenti plano ex basi lineari laciniato utrinque glabro longitudinaliter rugoso laciniis acuminatis, gemmis granulatis, apotheciis margi- nalibus demum planis concoloribus margine extus verru- coso-rugosis. Has. Falkland Islands. 3-4 inches long, canaliculate, branched from the base, buds on the thallus flattened, but appearing on the backs of the apothecia as wart-like wrinkles. Thallus sometimes reticu- lato-perforate above. 137. R. geniculata, n. sp.; thallo laxe cæspitoso albido-cinereo glabro dichotomo ramosissimo, ramis intricatis lobis linea- ribus hinc concaviusculis acuminatis, gemmis dispersis granulatis statim linearibus, apotheciis planis concoloribus margine tenui integerrimo subtus thalli laciniam emitten- tibus, Has. New Zealand. About 2 inches high. Branches sometimes pierced with à series of minute holes. The apothecia are merely marginal, 9r more commonly a new branch of the thallus is sent off from beneath each, as in Usnea Jamaicensis, Ach., so that the “pothecium appears situated at the bending or knee of the thallus, -141. R. ovalis, n. sp.; thallo plano laxe cespitoso viridi- cinereo utrinque glabro erecto laciniis ex angusta basi ellipticis longitudinaliter rugosis margine integerrimis, Semmis terminalibus planis statim anguste ellipticis, apo- theciis centralibus confertis disco carneo-cinereo convexo demum corrugato margine tenui integerrimo. Han. Van Diemen's Land, on trees. This has the outline of Fucus ovalis; yet the buds Lo the ends of the lobes to appear laciniated ; similar buds some- times issue from the backs of the apothecia. Thallus l-2 inches high, strongly veined and split between the veins towards the base, The constant breadth of the full grown 556 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. thallus, the terminal flat buds and the central apothecia dis- tinguish the present species from R. fraxinea, Ach. 22. COLLEMA, Ach. 139. C. nigrum, Ach.; L. U. p. 628. Has. New Zealand. 140. C. tremelloides, Ach.; L. U. p. 655. Has. Cape Horn and New Zealand. 141. C. australe, n. sp.; thallo foliaceo-membranaceo tenui atro-olivaceo subpellucido nudo lobis adscendentibus sub- imbricatis concaviusculis rotundatis undulatis integerrimis subtus pallidioribus subtomentosis, apotheciis elevatis atris demum convexis subtus nudis margine tenui integro. Has. Cape Horn. Thallus very thin, slightly gelatinous, shining when wet and of a dark brownish-olive, pale and of a dusky olive green when dry. Like those of C. Saturninum, Ach., the apothecia are hollow beneath and there destitute of a layer of thallus. It differs from that species by being less downy beneath, by the want of black powdery buds on the surface, by the thinner thallus and black disks of the apothecia. 142. C. leve, n. sp.; thallo foliaceo membranaceo submo- nophyllo orbiculato depresso levi rotundato-lobato lobis concavis cochleatis integerrimis, gemmis centralibus granu- latis, apotheciis centralibus confertis minutis concavis rufo- fuscis margine tumido integro subincurvo. Has. New Zealand, on trees. ; Allied to C. nigrescens, Ach., but the lobes are thinner, smoother, without longitudinal wrinkles, and the apothecia in all stages are concave, with a thicker thallodal cup. 143. C. rugatum, n. sp.; thallo gelatinoso-membranaceo elastico subtenaci utrinque cristis confertis longitudinalibus undulatis plicato fusco-viridi lobis confertis adscendentibus oblongo-rotundatis incisis crenatis concaviusculis, gemmis - minutis granulatis stipitatis. | Has. New Zealand. On hasels, Mucruss, county of Kerry, | Ireland always on trees. ~ LICHENES ANTARCTICI. 657 Exceeding 3 inches in diameter, when wet soft and pel- lucid; the longitudinal plaits are of different sizes, waved, opaque, usually rough with buds which on the Irish speci- mens are seen expanding into new thalli. No apothecia ob- served in either locality. 144. C. leucocarpum, n. sp.; thallo foliaceo membranaceo levi olivaceo rotundato-rugoso lobis rotundatis integer- rimis margine flexuosis, apotheciis centralibus confertis albo-incarnatis disco convexo pruinoso margine integer- rimo. Has. Van Diemen's Land. 1-2 inches wide, thallus very thin, subpellucid when wet. Dissection shews a white pruinose disk, the lamina transpa- rent and colourless, resting on a layer of flesh.coloured matter. The more aged apothecia are so convex as to conceal the border. Related in characters to C. Rottleri, Ach., which however is said to have the margins of the du incised and crenate and the apothecia of a wax co- our, 23. USNEA, Ach. 145. U. florida, Ach.; L. U. p. 620. Han. New Zealand and Van Diemen's Land. 146. U. plicata, Ach.; L. U. p. 622. Has. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. 147. U. barbata, Ach.; L. U. p. 624. His. Lord Auckland’s group, Campbell's Island, Falkland Islands, Cape Horn, and Van Diemen's Land. 148. U. melaxantha, Ach.; L. U. p. 618. Has. Falkland Islands and Hermite Island. 149. U. Taylori, Hook. fil. mst. thallo erecto levi pallide citrino dichotomo, ramis erectis gemmis papulosis sparsis, apotheciis terminalibus majoribus demum planiusculis disco atro-purpureo margine integerrimo extus lavigatis. Han. Kerguelen's Land. : ; 4 inches high, rising from a thick, dark, coriaceous disk ; branches cylindrical, acuminated, slightly curved where they 658 LICHENES ANTARCTICI. separate, erect above. Apothecia often conjugate with a ter- minal branch. There is no space between the surrounding cortical part and the hard and horny avis, so as to exhibit the longitudinal internal thread peculiar to this genus. This space is not so entirely obliterated in U. melaxantha, Ach., which has the greatest affinity with the present fine species, but which is easily recognised by its scabrous branches and granulate backs of the apothecia. The blackening of the tips of the ¢hallus is perhaps owing to the attack of a minute Spheria of that colour. This Lichen is the handsomest of the vegetable productions of this the Island of Desolation. 150. U. angulata, n. sp.; thallo cinereo pendulo elongato filiformi anguleto pinnato cortice minute transversaliter rupto fibrillis brevibus teretibus horizontalibus confertis, gemmis minutis granulatis demum compressis. Has. New Zealand. More than a foot long. The principal stem has the bark broken across into minute pieces, each with a projecting ridge in the same line to the next, and so the entire ap- pears angulate. This differs from U. florida, Ach., by its pendulous: filiform, elongated and pinnated thallus, by the angulated principal stem, and the minute buds. No apothecia were found. 23. LEPRARIA, Ach. 151. L. flava, Ach.; L. U. p. 663. Has. Falkland Tias — PLANT CELLULARES quas in insulis Philippinensibus 4 cl. CuwiNa collecte recensuit, observationibus non nullis de- scriptionibusque illustravit* C. MoNTAGNE, D.M. Aue, Auctor. 1. Conferva pellucida? Huds. vel ei species affinis. Ramis * The set of Philippine Island Cryptogamiz, here described by Dr. Mon- PLANTE CELLULARES. 659 ramulisque crassioribus vix differt a typo. ^ Ramificatio prorsus eadem. Charte non adheret. Cuming, Coll. n. 2218. 2. Caulerpa taxifolia, Ag. n. 2219. Coll. Berkeley. 3. C. plumaris, Ag. Fucus taxifolius, Turn. t. 54. n. 2219. Coll. Webb et Delessert. 4. Udotea sordida, Montag. ms. stipite vix ullo bulboso mox in frondem cuneato-flabelliformem fusco-olivaceam sordidam obsolete zonatam dilatato. n. 2233. Coll. Deles- sert. Alga membranacea, cum bulbo stipitiformi uncialis, basi - cuneata, semiorbicularis, zonis obscurioribus trans lucem presertim manifestis notata. Structura: fila dichotoma, alia materie viridi alia materie fusco-succineo farcta, inter sese maxime intricata, Fructus..... Ab U. Desfontainii, Dne. colore, structura, nec non ma stipitis videtur diversa. Descriptio ex uno specimine acta. 5. Halimeda macroloba, Dne. Ann. Sc. nat. Bot. 2nd ser. tom. 18. p. 103. n. 2233. Coll. Berkeley. 6. Ulva reticulata, Forsk. Ag. Sp. Alg. 1. p. 412. Coll. n. 2246. 7. Codium tomentosum, Ag. l. c. p. 452. E. B. t. 712. Coll. n. 2245. : 8. Liagora Cenomyce, Dne. l. c. p. 119. Coll. n. 2237. In coll. Mus. Paris, adest sub n. 2222, 9. Actinotrichia rigida, Dne. l. c. p. 118. Coll. n. 2222. Berkeley, Delessert et Webb. 10, Galaxaura fastigiata, Dne. l. c. p. 116. Coll. n. 2241. tagne, was very kindly sent by Dr. Lindley to Mr. Berkeley, who shared them With his friend Dr. Montagne, with the request, to which he rea- dily acceded, that he would forward a list of them to Sir W. J. Hooker, for his Botanical Journal. Dr. Montagne had the opportunity of inspect- ing three sets in the Paris’ Herbaria, but did not always find the same numbers attached to the same plant in these collections. Unfortunately many of the specimens being without fruit, it was not practicable to refer such species with perfect certainty to their proper place, and several of the numbers he has found jt absolutely impossible to determine. 660 PLANTZ CELLULARES. 11. Mesoglea microcarpa, Montag. ms. fronde gelatinosa lubrica a basi ramosissima, ramis virgato-dichotomis sen- sim attenuatis, ramulis lateralibus subulatis obsessis, spo- ris pyriformibus omnuim minimis prope apicem filorum positis. Cuming, Ezsicc. n. 2221. Alga maxime lubrica. Fixura deest. Frons palmaris, lon- gior, basi in statu sicco sesquilineam lata, subdivisionibus paululum dilatata. Rami iterum dichotomo-ramulosi. Ra- muli sensim attenuati, hinc inde ramulatis subulatis, spines- centibus acutissimis obsessi. Color olivaceus. Structura delicatissima, non nisi maximis augmentis microscopii com- positi, (ex. gr. 800) facile discernenda. Fila peripherica vix 4 centimillimetra metientia, dichotoma, endochroma- tibus sphericis 1-500 millimetri diametro equantibus, apicem versus sporas pyriformes centimillimetro longitudine minores ferentia. Ab omnibus congeneribus, quarum quidem majores sta- tura refert et adæquat, minutie partium sive ad vegetationem, sive ad fructificationem spectantium omnino recedit, nec cum ulla alia confundi potest. Specie idcirco eximia et singu- laris. ; 12. Dictyota linearis, Grev. Syn. p. 43. Coll. n. 2245. 13. Sargassum cristefolium, Ag. Sp. Alg. 1. p. 13. Coll. n. 2231. 14. S. Esperi, Ag. l. c. p. 9. Coll. n. 2243. 15. S. bacciferum, Ag. l. c. p. 6. Coll. n. 2251. 16. S. filiforme, Montag. ms. caule filiformi levi ramos% ramis spiraliter alternis, foliis linearibus angustissimis nervosis vix dentatis, vesiculis minutis subspheericis mu- ticis glandulosis, receptaculis filiformibus racemosis lon- gissimis levibus torulosis. Exsicc. n. 2229. ag Caulis pars superior, que sola remanet, quadriuncialis, teres, levigata; filiformis, nervum cithare secundum post — norem crassitudine vix superans, laxe ramosa. Rami tenuiores spiraliter alterni, intervallo inaquali bisexlineari sejunct» patenti-erecti, foliis vesiculis et receptaculis laxe onusti. Folia angustissime linearia, fere filiformia, plana, semun- PLANTZ CELLULARES. 661 ciam longa, nervo percursa, poris sparsis rarisque signata, alia dente uno alterove, raro pluribus instructa, alia integer- rima basi teretia, acutissima, Vesicule cum receptaculis basi foliorum, qua parte in petiolum attenuatur, imposite, ellip- tico-sphzericee, semilineam diametro metientes, mutice poris Slandulosis signate, petiolo tereti ipsis breviore suffulte. Receptacula filiformia, tenuissima, 2-3 lineas longa, levia, torulosa, prope vesiculas in petiolo folii solitaria, binata ter- nataque. Substantia coriacea. Color fuscus, exsiccatione nigrescens. Species Sargasso angustifolio valde affinis, quce tamen ab illo pluribus notis differre videtur. Et quidem celeb. Tur- nerus suz algc folia serrato-dentata, siccitate crispabilia vesiculas mucronatas, leves, receptacula elliptica tribuit que omnia in nostra, ut jam e descriptione satius elucebit diversissima sunt. Forsan et Sargasso Baccularie, Ag., dubiis ad huc vexato maximis, mihique prorsus ignoto, Alga Cumingiana propinqua est. Attamen, cum folia hujus inte- gerrima subenerviaque dicuntur, non possum alteram ab alterá diversam non censere. 17. S. polycystum, Ag. Syst. p. 304. Coll. n. 2244. Webb, Deless.—non adest in Coll. Berk. 18. S. hemiphyllum ?? Ag. Sp. Alg. 1, p. 39. Turn. t. 167? — Coll. n. 2229. S. caule filiformi triquetro ramoso, ramis simplicibus ramu- losis cuneiformibus enerviis porosis apice dentatis, vesieulis minoribus petiolatis glandulosis oblongis, receptaculis race- mosis linearibus dichotomis torulosis foliis vesiculisque im- mixtis eorumque petiolo suffultis. Si determinatio recta est, quod valde dubium, facies alge fructifere a sterili multum recedit. Ceterum specimen. visum valde incompletum partem frondis superiorem tantum sistit. Forma foliorum iconi Turneriane exact? respondet. Àn species nova? 19. Turbinaria denudata, Bory, Coquill, p. 117. Turn. t. 24. fig. a—e.— Coll. Deless. n. 2242.—Cum Jania pumila, Lamx. parasitante. 662 PLANT/E CELLULARES. 20. Gelidium spiniforme, Lamx. Essai, p. 41.—Coll. n. 2226. 21. Gigartina gelatinosa, Endl. Suppl. 3, p. 42. Fucus gela- tinus, Esp. Fuc. t. 101, f. 5—7. Coll. n. 2237. 22. Laurencia obtusa, Lamx. Essai, p. 42. Turn. t. 21. Coll. n. 2249. : 23. L. papillosa, Grev. Syn. p. 53. Turn. t. 19. Coll. n. 2247. 24, Asparagopsis Delilei, Montag. Hist. Nat. Canar. Phytog. sect. ult. p. xv, t. 8, fig. 6.— Coll. n. 2236. 25. Acanthophora TAierii, Lamx. Essai, p. 44. Esp. Fue. t. 159. Coll. n. 2224. 26. Amphiroa (Eurytion) Cumingii, Montag. ms.; repetite dichotoma, articulis omnibus ancipitibus oblongo-cuneatis utroque fine truncatis, mediis longioribus (tres lineas me- tientibus) supremis obtusis inferioribusque brevioribus; conceptaculis minutis convexis pustuliformibus in mediis articulis sitis. Alga fragilissima, pallida, biuncialis, repe- — tito-dichotoma fructibus papulosa.— Coll. Deless. Webb. n. 2232. 27. Mastophora licheniformis, Dne. l, c. p. 126. Coll. Deless. n. 2231. Berk. n. 2238. 28. Hypnea Valentie, Montag. Crypt. Canar. p. 161. Turn. t. 78.—Coll. n. 2227. 29. Gracilaria confervoides, Grev. Syn. p. 54. Coll. n. 2930. 30. Dichonema sericeum, Montag. in Belang. Voy. Ind. Or. Crypt. p. 155. Est planta fungosa secundum observa- į tiones Rev. M. J. Berkeley.— Coll. n. 2187. (To be continued.) ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE CONTENTS OF THE THIRD VOLUME OF THE _ LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY. À. Africa Bouth), the Leguminosz of, by Mr. Ben- Mess Chil, a a species of Thuja, described by Algee (British Fresh-wa -water), by Mr. Hassall, 136. OC of Tasmania Me Gunn’s), 428 and 430. A; arc B Mr. Harvey, announced, 430. "tie (Capt (Capt. Sir J. C, Ross’) Voyage, by Dr. J. ooker, : announced, 274 and 454. Toenn and allied genera (Mr. Edgeworth on), ( Sues, Gas XVIII.), 402. erkeley), (Tab. V. B.), 192. Aia (ibo on (Berk ey), (Tab. V. A), 192. A her-Eloy M UNE of), by Mr. Bentham, 338 Jaubert on his Life and Labours), Atores (on the Bo tany of), by Mr. Watson, 582. Sue (the Flora of), by Mr. Watson, announced, B. Bateman’s Orchi daceæ, mentioned, 181. Bentham (G, vds South African and South Asian inosm, S, rd th ' " m 138 and 251 : oe Voyage an Berka, 99 Mimosese, 82 and 195. T meu 32 his Decades of Fungi, (Tabs. Broomela x congregata (Tab. VI. A.), 193, 318, on the Cuticle of Plants, (Tab. en US m Gor Baid, 208 Tree of, (Remarks on), by oissier Botanic; Letter from Greece,) 269. = tee mitreeformis, (Berkeley), (T (Tab. VI. B.), Potany of the An tarctic Voyage, by J. D. H., 274. are wan River, (Mr. J Brutmetd di; Botany in Russia, (Dr. von Fischer on), 270. Botanical rn ii in South Africa, by C. J. F, Bunbury, Esq., 242. t in A ag Carolina, by Dr. A. Gray, conti- 4 nu: - — in New Zealand, by W. Colenso, Esq., I. in Van Diemen’s Land, by M r. Gunn, 485, Botanical Journal (Purdie's in West Indies), 50l. lian Mosses and He » (Gardner's), Mr. Wilson's remarks on, British Plants (the characters of some), by Mr. Watson, 63. ——— Helianthemum, a new species, (Tab. XXI.), (Mr. Planchon on), Plant, new, S a stricta, 428. Broomeia congregata, (Tab. VE AJ,193. — Bryum mnioides, a new British Moss, described Mr. Wilson, 427. C. Calycophyllum Stanleyanum, a new species from British Guiana, by Chevalier Schomburgk, (Tabs. XXIII. XXIV.), 621. T "s j Carices, by Kunze, announced, 131 d, 266. Ceylon on (Botan Garden), Mr. Gardner's appoint. ment, — Tasmanica, (Mr. Harvey on), (Tab. XIX ijs Chili, (the Alerse of), (Tab. IV), W. J, Hl 444, Cider Tree, oT fe B. Hooker, on UE a pecu à Yy dub. X, 08 land, : Mi asas (Botanical in North West America X ; Cuming’s Cellular M ri en of the Phili Cuticle of Plante, ( (the pag M. 3. Berkeley on), (Tab. X11), 329. 664 D. De Candolle, (the late A. P.), continuation of his Prodromus, announced and noticed, 115, 280. his Vegetable Organography translated by B. Kingdon, Esq., mentioned, 295. Delessert's Herbarium. (Laségne on), 299. Deutschland Cryptogamia by Dietrich, noticed, 287. Dietrich’s Deutschland Cryptogamia, noticed, 287. ee appendiculata, (Berkeley), (Tab. XV. A.) Zollingeri (Berkeley), (Tab. XV. B.), 356. Presione (James), on Swan River Botany, 263 his Plants from Swan River, on sale, 137. Dublin College Herbarium under Mr. Harvey's care, 299. E. Edgeworth, (M. Pakenham, Fag). on Aponogeton and allied genera, (Tabs. XVII. XVIII.), 405. Edmondstone's Flora of the Shetlands, announced, 295. Eleodendron mieranthum, described by J, D: H., (Tab. VIII.), 228. Endlicher's Genera Plantarum, mentioned, 118. Esenbeck's Synopsis Hepaticarum, announced, 296. nii, the Cider Tree of Tasmania, grandiflora, (a new species of), by M. Plan- chon, (Tab. XXIL.), 619. ^ 4 Excursions (Botanical, Mr. Bunbury's in South ica, continued, 242, PA Gray’s in South- Carolina, conti- a Colenso's in New Zealand, 1. xot. oblongifolia, (Hypelate), W. J. H., des- cribed, (Tab. VIL.), 226. — ‘ F. Ferns, by Kunze, announced, 130. Fielding’s and Gardner's Sertum Plantarum, no- ticed, 113 and 281. mae (Dr. von), Letter from, on Russian Botany, Flacourtianeæ, (a new genus of), by W. J, H., 316. Flora Japonica of Siebold, noticed, 419. ———— An of Dr. J. D. Hooker, an- Nu hema tg Dr. J.D ovee » of Dr. J. D. Hooker, an- nounced, 276. . am Senes. ced of Dr. J. D. Hooker, an- i (Decades of), by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley. ; Crabs, V. VL—XIV. XV.), 185 and 329. G. Gardner (Mr.), his appointment to Botanic " i m 188. — — —— Brazilian Mosses and Hepatic, 149. Botanical Letter from the Mauritius, 431. — (Mr. W.), his dried Scottish Plants on e, 188. Gray (Dr. A.), Botanical Excursion to. South Caro- S me ig ihe sno 230. 5. risebach, Spicilegium Flor. Bith announced » eat 153 and 287. " uiana sh), Chev. Schomb a ; prim ro — MÀ Gunn, ( » Botanical Excursion in V bem da ————— on the Alge of Van Diemen's Land, 430. INDEX. H. Harvey, (W. H.,) Esq., appointed to the care of Dublin College Herbarium, 299. — on Champia Tasmanica, (Tab. XIX.), 407. ———— on Claudea elegans, (Tab. X X.), 403. —— —— on Hyobanche sanguinea, (Tab. IIL), 142. — on Litanthus pusillus, (Tab. IX.), 315. —— ——— Tasmanian Algze, announced, 428. Hassall, (A. H.,) Esq., Algze, announced, 136. Helianthemum Breweri, a new British Plant, des- cribed by M. Planchon, (Tab. XXI.), 617. i Hepaticze Antarctice, by J. D. Hooker and Taylor, 366 and 454. : T — Nove Zelandie, by J. D. H. and Dr. T. Taylor, 556. - Ae Hochstetter's Flora Azorica, noticed, 273. ^ Hombron € Jacquinot, Voyage au Pole Sud, no- ticed, 127. : f Hooker, (Sir W. J.) os pee Alerse of Chili, Thuja tetragona, (Tab. IV,), Sean E Exothea oblongifolia, (Hypelate) (Tab. b. X.), 315. lia, (Tab. t H. HL Species Filicum, announc 34 and ———— Icones Plantarum, mentioned, 135. BARS Hooker, (Dr. J. D.,) Flora Antarctica, Flora "75 Zelandis and Flora Tasmanize, announced, and 454. ——— — on the Cider = i Van Diemen's Land, Eucalyptus Gunni . ———— ce Eimodandson micranthum, (Tab. VIII), 228 - on Stephenson's Plants of New Zealand, and Taylor's Hepatiew Antarctic, 366 and and Taylors Hepatic Nove Zelandiæ, 556. and Taylor's Lichenes Antarctici, 634. —— ——— and Wilson's Musci Antarctici, SIIN} : Hymenogramme Javensis, (Berkeley), (n pu 330. 3 278. llaceze, (Dr. Presi’s), mentioned, 27 AMAN by Mr. Harvey, (Tab. Hn 142. Hypelate (Exothea) oblongifolia, W. J. H» (Tab. VIL), 226. I. J. jn), 501. Jamaica, (Purdie’s Botanical Excursions é Lena lin Plant. Orient., by Jaubert and ip mentioned, 121 and 285. A mor Janbert, on the Life and Labours Asche E i ; men- and Spach, Illustrat. Plant. Orient., me" tioned, 121 and 285. n5. Johnson's Iter Plantarum aica, by Mr. Purdie, 501. Iter prendia i by Johnson, announced, 115. Jussieu, (Adr. de), on Malpighiaceze, 4 e : K. a 9 ; De Candolle Uu Kingdon, (B.,) Esq. Translation of De v od ^ oticed, 295... pw Ja- ege! rganography, u - Korthal’s Botany of the Dutch East sessions, announced, 297. a INDEX. L. Laségue, on Baron Delessert's Herbarium, 299. rine, (two new species of), from British Guiana, described by Chev. Schomburgk, 624. Ledebour's Flora Rossica, reviewed, 126. cerr (South African), by Mr. Bentham, Lehmann’s Stirpes, mentioned, 295. Lichens Antarctici, by J, D. H. and T. Taylor, Lindenberg’s Mono hia Hepaticarum, men- Hand im. o cvi das mnes Sertum Orchidacearum, announced, 131. us, a new genus of Asphodelez, by Harvey, (Tab. 1X.), 314. 4 de: T London Catalogue of British Plants, reviewed, 288. ia racemosa, (W. J. H.), a new genus of Flacourtianeze, (Tabs, XI. XII.), 316. M. bc, (M. Adrien de Jussieu's Monograph , 282. Martius, (Count von), hls Materia Medica Brasiliz, mig tired 298, - ca Brasiliensis, by Dr. Martius, no- ticed, 298, gic : Mauritius, Botanical features noticed, in a letter M from Mr. Gardner, 481. eisner's Vascular Plants, announced, 297. ae Sertum Exoticum, mentioned, 114. x oseæ, (Mr. Bentham on), 82 and 105. ohl, on the Cuticle of Plants, by Mr. Berkeley, Monographia Hepatic., by Lindenberg, mentioned, Montagne, (Dr. C.) Diagnosi avani- ae ») Diagnosis Muscorum Javan LL Cryptogames du Voyage au Pole Sud, 127. and Berkeley, Decades of Fungi, 829: T — Mohl, on the Cuticle of Plants, 329. D SE ame Plantes Cellulaires, Philippines, 658 Mowe new British species), Bryum minoides, 427. T and Hepaticee, (Gardner's from Brazil,) by Sissi H. aud Mr. Wilson, 149. Sen, by J. D. Hooker and Mr. Wilson, N. Tm Seinna, (Mr. Colenso's Botanical Excursion — 4i. lants of), from Stephenson, by J. D. H. a multiflora, described by W. J. H., (Tab. N Ah ier deg Simmondsia Californica, (Tab. XVI.), E a= Orchidaceze, at Mis, Bateman, noticed, 131. u worth on), 405. MUE ESA LER Mq r raa folia, (Tabs, 1. II.), (W. J. H. on), P. | "pine Islands, (Dr. E, Montagn Cuming’s eke Plants trom), 658. ^ yum < < XXIL), 619 new species of Eudema, (Tab, : 9n a new British species of lanthe- — Pole Sud! (yee: XXI), 617. " m pm mentioned, [27 " par Hombron et Jacquinot, | E ,Hymenophyllacere, mentio; Purdie’ ned,278. -» ne eor, Potanical Journal from the West Indies, 665 R. Reid, (Governor of Bermuda,) Letter respecting the Pencil Cedar Tree, 266. Repertorium, (Walpers’), announced, 118. or e von Fischer's Letter on the Botanists of), 270. S. a Iconographia Regni Veget. mentioned, 119 Schomburgk, (the Chevalier,) on a new species of Calycophyllum from British Guiana, (Tabs. XXIII. XXIV.) 621. on two new species of Laurines from British Guiana, 624. Scottish Plants, (dried), on sale, by Mr. W, Gar- diner, 138 Sertum Exoticum, by Miquel, noticed, 114. Sertum Orchidacearum, by Lindley, noticed, 13], Sertum Plantarum, by Mr. Fielding and Gardner, mentioned, 113 and 281. Shetland Islands, (Mr. Edmondstone's Flora of), announced, 295. Siebold's Flora Japonica, noticed, 419. EE Simmondsia Californica, (Tab. XVI.), Mr. Nuttall on, 400. South Africa, (Botanical Excursion in, by Mr. Bun- bury), continued, 242. : Carolina, (Dr. A. Gray's Botanical Excur- sion), continued, 230. Spach and Jaubert, Illust. Plant. Orlent., men- tioned, 121 and 285. Species Filicum, (Sir W. J. Hooker's), mentioned, - 134 and 278. i ‘a Spergula stricta, discovered in Britain, Spicilegium Fl. Bithyn., by Grisebach, noticed, 123 and 287. ; — New Zealand Plants, by J. D. H., Sulphur, (Botany of the Yoyage of), by Mr. Ben- T haai ened, 133 and 281. Swan River Botany, (Mr. J. Drummond's Letters on), 263 and 300. : T. Tasmania, (the Algæ of), by Mr. Harvey, 428. Taylor, (Dr. T.,) and J. D. H., Hepaticee Antarc- ticze, 366 and 454. Lichenes Antarctici. b the Alerse of Chili, (Tab. III.), +, on, 144. 634, Thuja te W.J. y. = Van Diemen's Land Algz, (Mr. Ronald Gunn on), Excursion in, by Mr. Gunn, 485. Vegetable Organography by the late Prof. De Can- dolle, translated by B. Kingdon, Esq.. 295. Wilson, n "i ni MS patice, 149. Z. Zuccarini, Siebold's Flora Japonica, 419, 666 INDEX. ARRANGEMENT OF THE CHIEF BOTANICAL INFORMATION IN VOL. III. OF LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY. BIOGRAPHY. Aucher-Eloy, (Count Janbert’s Account of his Life and Labours), 167. BOTANY OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, AS FOLLOWS: : EUROPE. Britain. Algæ, the Fresh-Water species, by Mr. Hassall, announced, 136, Bryum mnioides, a new Moss, described by Mr. Wilson, 427. Characters of some species and varieties of Plants, by Mr. Watson, 63. Helianthemum Breweri, a new British imt. (Tab. XXL), described by M. Planchon. 617, — A Catalogue of pius Plants, Remarks on), fection dried plants on sale, by Mr. Wm. Gar- diner, 188. . Flora, by Mr. Edmondstone, announced, Uit e stricta, found in Britain, 498, - Germany. Dietrich's, (Cryptogamia of), 287. Boissier, (Letter from, on the Botany of), 269. Russia. Fischer, (Dr. von), Botanist there, 270. Flora Rossica of Ledebour, reviewed, 126. ASIA. — on the Leguminoss of Southern Asia, Dutch East Indian Possessions, (Korthal on a the Botany o! Cu Dis. (Cellular Plants of), 658. h, on the Flora of Bithnyia, bitin’: 123 Flora Japonica, (Siebold’s), 419. Plants of West Asia, Illustr. Plant. Orient., by Jau- bert and Spach, mentioned, 121 and 285, Ceylon, Mr. Gardner's appointment to the Botanic Garden, 138. Java, Hymenogramme, (new spei ces of), 330. AFRICA. Excursions in South Ante, by C. J. F. Bunbury, Esq., continued, 242. Mauritius, (Mr. Gardner’s excursion in), 481. Leguminos of Central and South A by Mr. Bentham, 338, CN congregata, a new fungus, (Tab. VI. A.), obanche sanguinea, (Tab. III.) 142. Ly aerei pusillus, (Tab, IX.), 315. END OF VOL. III. London : Printed by Schulze and Co., 13, Poland Street. AMERICA (NonTH.) Carolina and Alleghany Monntains, (an excursion to), by Dr. A. Gray, continued, 230. Collectors in North West America, mentioned, 139. Simmondsia yet age described by Mr. Nuttall, (Tab. XVI.), 400 z pA t (SovrR). Alerse of Chili, Thuja tetragona, (Tab. IV), (W. J. H. on), 144. Brazilian Mosses and Hepatice, found - MR Gardner, (Mr. Wilson's Remarks on), 1 Brazil, (Materia Medica of), 298. Guiana (British), the Chevalier Schomburgk on, Calycophyllum Stanleyanum and two new Lau- . rines, found there, 621 and 624. Andes, (anew species sf Bodenn Sonn M. Plan- chon, (Tab. XXII. ), 619. Colombia, new Oxalis from, (Tabs. I. II.), 141. TERRA AUSTRALIS. New Zealand, (Flora of}, by J. D. H., 276. "Tasmania, (Flora of), by J. D. H., 277. Algæ of Tasmania, by W. H. [. Harvey, Esq., 430. New Zealand, (new fungus from h 's Plants of), 411. 1 - rar ek micranthum, (Tab. VIIL), ~ Botanical Exeursion, by W. Colenso, Esq., Nove Zelandize Hepaticz et Tasmaniz, 466 Van Diemen’s Land, (Botanical Excursion n), by Mr. Gunn, 485. c Tasmanica, (Mr. Harvey on), (Tab. xm, Claudéa elegans, (Mr. Harvey on), (Tab. XX.), 408. Cider Tree or Eucalyptus Gunnii, (J. D. H. on), 56 Swan River Botany, Mr. J. Drummo ond, 263. WEST INDIES. JBerinude, (on the Pencil Cedar Tree D es Exothea oblongifolia, (W. J. H. i dt a, by Pacers tenes a new genus of), from Jamaica, (Purdie's Botanical Excursion m sno Wa and 454. Flora of, by J. D. H., 274 an ab oos Hombron endi Jacquinot's Voyage au Pole pA Hepaticze Antarctice, 366 and 454. wth Lichenes Antarctici, 634, Algse paneer: (new), Montagne’s diagnosis m ISLANDS I iced Alios; Bo by Mr. Watson, Dour. ra of), by Mr. Watson, 2/* PLANTS ON SALE. Aem r. Drummond's, 137. M: W. Gardiner, 138. Madeley litho 3 Wellington S*Strand W. Fitch. del afolia. lindse Oxalis London: Pu blished by H Baillére, Regent. St. 18544. aol TERT IV. Z2 Tab. MI LA Nol. 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Vy 7 4 ES SMS v up Lr É "A f EN, VRAT Ay y NA P N 5 [/ na KR SRS / t Vi Wy V% TEN. LAE mi 4 NBA, PARSI : T Wy ONE Ni OK) A THH; NA DANT nee AP A y RNS I7 KAA V UY; z Zz à MIT WS M. A ^ A: Wr d ; v A Say i) "2^ ; PM = ; V i A M [X V SA Ris y T IAS: Wee", WS A Eur S " NY : Ex ONT lano ` Mrd ^ Xzho 3 We ees — —— ona. ag TX 3 Bhk. -Barlhére, Regent shed byH. > Published London - / Vol. IIT. Tab ^v" Wingate St, Srani " Mo daler, lath. 3. „Regent 2.1844. 2 i È x : È Š 3 $ Ši E i : 7 ^N OX Bs, Broomuea. congregata. fq Wadeley hth, 3. WeltengterSt. Strand London Publivhed hy H Barlvere, Regent I 1645. Nj e XS T * JEGS Street: 184, sondon: Publisi » shed here, Regent T ^ Madeley- bith 3 Wellingin F Strand. Lunania racemosa % Londen. Published by it Batihere Regent Street. 1844. EXE Dro Caticle of Plants. (— Londen. Pabliskel by H Builkére Regent 9 18l a) th Dethrdea Ladeleglithe Widlingtom 3 Strand i London. Pobtished by H Baillie Regent Bi = London Published by HB : | Wem Nol IL TabXIX. d LLTTTEEEERHIS p ó eers ee A " or «i CTTITTIILLELED Sp» E EIDEM LL D TAA Ed Ay qn ye xS Tasmanica. Vol I Tab XX. SN h j L "v Hf iii MS aw Ui} ui oi D jm pani H NN TON t N y D RRS EN S SN S ONT TAO “Vol Tab XX. Madier lih IReltingion Strand. Budema grandflora. Planch London H Basilee, &42Regent 8 "y "4 n | h | mm À i } A : M n | i i oN T) y ^ NON | =. S ^ E NL A AL uS a f ‘ QN EN W Vieh. del Caly cophyllum, Jtanleyanum.