Madeley Printer Willington St Strand. THE LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY; CONTAINING FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS SUCH PLANTS AS RECOMMEND THEMSELVES BY THEIR NOVELTY, RARITY, HISTORY, OR USES ; TOGETHER WITH BOTANICAL NOTICES AND INFORMATION, AKD OCCASIONAL MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BOTANISTS; SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H., D.C.L, F.R.A, & LS. VICE-PRESIDENT OF JEAN SOCIETY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY; MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY CÆSAR-LEOPOLD. NATURE CURIOSORUM ; OF THE IMPERIAL SOCIETY CÆSAR. NATURÆ CURIOSORUM OF MOSCOW; OF THE ROYAL ACADEMIES OF SWEDEN, PRUSSIA, LUND; OF THE ACADEMIES OF PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORE, BOSTON; OF THE NAT. HIST. SOCIETY OF MONTREAL, &c. &c AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS OF KEW. VOL. V. O WITH TWENTY-FOUR PLATES. LONDON: | HIPPOLYTE BAILLIÈRE, PUBLISHER, FOREIGN BOOKSELLER TO THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, AND To TRE — ROYAL MEDIC L SOCIETY, — | 219, REGENT STREET. SARIN: J. B. BAILLIERE, RUE AE L'ÉCOLE DE MÉDECINE. LEIPZIG : T. 0 LIST OF WORKS BY ROBERT WIGHT, MD. FLS. SURGEON TO THE MADRAS ESTABLISHMENT. ene ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY; Or, Figures Illustrative of each of the Natural Orders of Indian Plants described in the Author's Prodromus Flore Peninsule Indie Orientalis; but not confined to them. By Dr. ROBERT WIGHT, F.L.S. SURGEON TO THE MADRAS ESTABLISHMENT. Vol. I. published in 13 Parts, containing 95 col. plates, Madras, 1838-40. £4 17s. 6d. Vol. II. Part I. containing 39 coloured plates, Madras, 1841. £1 5s. Odd Parts can be obtained to complete sets. ICONES PLANTARUM INDIA ORIENTALIS; OR FIGURES OF INDIAN PLANTS. By Dr. ROBERT WIGHT, F.L.S. SURGEON TO THE MADRAS ESTABLISHMENT. Vol. I. 4to. consisting of 16 Parts, containing together 318 plates, Madras 1838—40. £4. _ Vol. II. consisting of 4 Parts, containing together 318 plates, Madras, 1840—42. £5 5s. Vol. III. Parts I—III. with 409 plates, Madras, 1843—46. £4 5s. a Odd Parts can be obtained to complete sets. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BOTANY OF INDIA. By Dr. ROBERT WIGHT, F.LS. SURGEON TO THE MADRAS ESTABLISHMENT. 8vo. London, 1834. 7s. 6d. SPICILEGIUM NEILGHERRENSE; Or a Selection of Neilgherry Plants, Drawn and Coloured from Nature, with brief Des- : criptions of each; some General Remarks on the Geography and Affinities of Natural Families of Plants, and Occasional Notices of their Economical Properties and Uses, By Dr. ROBERT WIGHT, F.L.S. SURGEON TO THE MADRAS ESTABLISHMENT. 4to. with 50 coloured plates, Madras, 1846. £1 10s. | PRODROMUS FLORA PENINSULA INDIÆ ORIET „Containing Abridged Descriptions of the Plants found in the Peninsula : | ie aiaa according to the Natural System. By Das, ROBERT. WIGHT, FLS, axo WALKER-ARNOT NOW READY, AND TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY. Vols, I, IT. & IH. New Series, (or Vols. V. VI. & VII. of the Entire Work), containing each 100 Plates and T'ext, bound in cloth, London, 1842—44, Price £1. 8s. each vol. and Vol. IV. Part 1, with 50 Plates, London, 1845. 14s. OF THE ICONES PLANTARUM; OR, FIGURES WITH BRIEF DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS AND REMARKS OF NEW AND RARE PLANTS, SELECTED FROM THE AUTHOR'S HERBARIUM, BY SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.C.H. L.L.D. F.R.A. & L.S. &c. VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNÆAN SOCIETY, AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAI. GARDENS OF KEW. Now ready, Five sheets of Letter-press, with a Coloured Plate and a Woodcut. Price 4s. NOTES ON THE BOTANY oF THE ANTARCTIC VOYAGE, CONDUCTED BY CAPTAIN JAMES CLARK ROSS, RN. FRS. &c. &c. &c. IN HER MAJESTY'S DISCOVERY SHIPS EREBUS AND TERROR; |. WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE TUSSAC GRASS | OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS, ; i ay te SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H. L.L.D. F.R.A. & L.S. VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNÆAN SOCIETY, AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS OF KEW. — In 1 vol. 8vo. with 75 Plates and Descriptions, in boards. London, 1844, £1 1s. SERTUM PLANTARUM; : OR, ___ DRAWINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF RARE AND UNDESCRIBED PLANTS S FROM THE AUTHOR's HERBARIUM. BY H. B. FIELDING, F.L.S. & R.G.S. ASSISTED BY GEORGE GARDNER, ELS. SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, CEYLON, THE LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY. EDITED BY SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H., L.L.D., F.R.S., & L.S. Decapes or Fuwa:; by the Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A. F.L.S. ( Continued from Page 315, Vol. IV.) Decane XI. _ 101. Ag. epispheria, n. sp.; pileo resupinato margine - tantum libero, subflabelliformi pallido subtomentoso ; lamellis cervinis albo-marginatis. Drège, n. 9413, a. On decayed Spherie. South Africa; Drège. Pileus subflabelliform, $ an inch long, attached, with the exception of the arched margin, by fine downy threads and a few fibres to the matrix, pale subtomentose, especially at the extreme edge. Stem none. Gills mode- rately broad, fawn-coloured with a pale edge. This Agaric belongs to the same section with Ag. varia- Ens - x bilis, but appears perfectly distinct from every described — species. I have not been able to find perfect spores. 102. Marasmius hepaticus, n. sp.; cæspitosus ; pileo hemis- pherico glaberrimo stipiteque supra subæquali deorsum — — : ; incrassato glabro fibroso cartilagineo hepaticis ; lamellis E _subliberis distantibus postice attenuatis fulvis. Amongst dead à a Tun Diemen’ s * Land, R. A pos a vue = VOL. vs p rs = 2 DECADES OF FUNGI. Cæspitose, pileus hemispherical, $ of an inch broad, sub- carnose, quite smooth, liver-brown. Stem 14 inch high, 1i line thick, of the same colour as the pileus, smooth, cartilaginous, composed of stringy fibres attached, at the slightly inerassated base, to leaves, &c., by the reddish downy mycelium. Gills fawn-coloured, nearly free, rather narrow, attenuated behind; margin thin and denticulate; interstices smooth. A beautiful species, somewhat resembling M. erythropus, but quite distinct from every described species. 103. M. sarmentosus,m. sp.; pileo hemispherico subspa- . diceo primum umbonato dense sericeo, margine involuto demum expanso; stipite villo depresso vestito, demum glabrescente eximie sarmentoso. On dead leaves, especially on their nerves, little sticks, &c., from thence spreading and attaching itself to every plant in its neighbourhood. Jamaica, Mr. Purdie. At first appearing under the form of a little silky tubercle, varying in size according to the nature of the matrix; this soon acquires a stem, which is rapidly elongated, occasionally to the extent of several inches, and remains for some time perfectly simple; more frequently, however, it becomes attached to some neighbouring object by a little patch of white or reddish down, so that a mass of the plant, when gathered, presents quite a Flora of mosses, ferns, and dead or living phænogams. It soon throws off, at right angles, short lateral branches, which are sometimes opposite, each terminated by a little pileus, in general, smaller than the primary pileus. : Pileus 3-1 line broad, at first subglobose from the margin, being strongly involute, tipped with a conical umbo, densely silky, bright-brown or tawny, at length expanded but still retaining some traces of the umbo. Stem thickest at the base, setiform varying greatly in length, sometimes eight - or nine inches long, without branching, sometimes on the contrary, branched when scarcely exceeding an inch, clothed . at first with pale more or less closely pM and generally 2 DECADES OF FUNGI. 3 deflexed hairs, at length quite smooth and striated. The branches spring from the main stem, exactly in the same manneras the original stems from the nerves of the leaf. As allthe pilei were more or less injured by insects, I am unfortunately unable to describe the gills. This curious species is allied to Marasmius dispar and M. chordalis. The simple individuals resemble somewhat Ag. stipitarius. I suspect that, in the present instance, the greater or less branching of the stem is normal; but, as this is not certain, 1 have omitted it in the specific character. It must be a very beautiful and striking object when growing. 104. Thelephora subhepatica, n. sp.; tota resupinata orbi- cularis hepatica margine membranaceo-byssoideo subfim- briato pallidiore ; hymenio glabro hic illic minutissime reti- culato. On dead bark. Casapi, Peru. Forming orbicular entirely resupinate patches, about 14 inch broad, at length confluent, liver-coloured, extremely thin and inseparable from the matrix; margin paler, sub- fimbriate, byssoid, but membranaceous. Hymenium smooth, not setulose or cracked, but here and there very minutely reticulate with raised lines. The general appearance is not altogether dissimilar from . Hydnum fimbriatum, but it is less fimbriated and is not, like that, separable from the matrix. 105. Corticium Drègeanum, n. sp.; effusum, resupinatum papyraceum e matrice separabile ochroleucum supra subtiliter tomentosum ; hymenio rimosiusculo glabro papillato. Drège, n. 9451; c. South Africa, on bark. Forming effused ochroleucous somewhat elongated patches, 3-4 inches long, 13 inch broad, separable from the matrix, above minutely tomentose; hymenium glabrous, minutely mealy, rather rugged papillose, slightly cracked. T 0 mln somewhat- Corti: molle but easily distin- - — AS a 4 DECADES OF FUNGI. guished by its thicker flexible substance, which is separable from the matrix. 106. Hexagonia similis, n. sp.; pileo sublaterali suberoso- coriaceo tenui explanato e pallido ligneo-fulvente, zonis ` postice crebris antice paucioribus rugosis, lineis prominen- ^ tibus hic illic notatis, glabro sericeo-nitido ; poris parvis pallidis intus primum pruinosis; margine hymenii sterili. Australia. Gathered by one of the officers of the Beagle. Pileus sessile, or furnished with a very short orbicular « stem, 3 inches long, 4j inches broad, suberoso-coriaceous, i slightly flexible, thin, especially towards the margin, re- ` peatedly and sometimes closely zoned, rather rugged and « marked with a few raised lines which, however, do not form 1 bristles, of a brownish wood-colour, smooth with a satiny | lustre ; the extreme edge only minutely velvety, but soon - becoming smooth. A Hymenium paler than the pileus, rather uneven; pores subhexagonal, small, 1-50th of an inch in diameter, pale at | first, pruinose within. Substance of the same colour as the . pileus. t This species is allied to H. polygramma, Mont.; though 1 the pileus is thicker and the pores much smaller. In | H. polygramma there appear to be no finer zones; but in the i present species, in an early stage of growth, the pileus is 1 very closely zonato-striate. Its relation to other species is | more distant. Itis possible that in every species of Hexa- 4 gonia there are distinct varieties, exhibiting pores of various | sizes, of which I fancy that I have some evidence. In this | case, the species will require reduction, and this will be | 1 registered under H. polygramma, for there will be no other | point of much consequence, except that of the barren margin of the hymenium and the rather convex than concave pileus. - The fine zones behind are at length concealed in the course — of growth, by an anamorphosis of the external cellular tissue. 107. Polyporus brunneo-leucus, n. sp.; indui posi | 3 de DECADES OF FUNGI. : 5 effusus ; pileis dimidiatis subzonatis rugosis tenuibus coriaceis subflaccidis e ferrugineo fusco-nigricantibus velutinis hic illic glabrescentibus, hymenio pallido poris parvis angulatis subintegris vel denticulatis ; dissepimentis tenuibus. Van Diemen's Land, R. Gunn, Esq. Pilei imbricated, decurrent behind, dimidiate, 14 inch broad, 3-i of an inch long, thin, coriaceous, but flexible and very light, rugged behind, and irregularly zoned or sulcate, atlength nearly smooth, in front more even, clothed with slightly tawny velvety down, which however, in old speci- mens, entirely vanishes. Extreme margin thin and dark; substance pale, soft. Hymenium pallid, nearly white, but becoming rather darker with age; pores small, 1-60th of an inch in diameter, angular, nearly entire or slightly toothed; dissepiments thin. A very pretty and singular species, resembling somewhat young specimens of Pol. cuticularis (Bull.), but not becoming rigid like that, and a far smaller plant, not to mention the different appearance caused by the zones, and the soft velvety, not at all hispid covering. "The pileus consists of three distinct strata; the first spongy, beneath which is a thin dark cuticle covering the pallid substance from which the pores immediately spring. "The colours are as nearly as possible the same. There is an analogy between this species and Stereum bicolor. Sometimes the apex is elongated and the little pileus becomes triquetrous, as in that species. 108. Peziza fusispora, n. sp.; gregaria subconferta sessilis cupulis hemisphericis planis vel concaviusculis luteis tomen- tosis ; sporidiis utrinque leviter attenuatis. On earth, mixed with particles of charcoal. Van Diemen's Land, R. Gunn, Esq. : Gregarious, here and there crowded, 1-2 lines broad, orange-yellow, hemispherical, slightly concave, or quite flat, — with a delicate membranous edge, obscurely tomentose, — fixed to the soil by a little down. Asci cylindrical, obtuse. Burm mes MM Poss at ner nes and con- 6 DECADES OF FUNGI. taining two globose nuclei, which themselves also apparently contain a nucleus. Allied to P. subhirsuta, but differing essentially in the form of the sporidia. In that species, as published by Desmaziéres, n. 462, I find them oblong-elliptic, with the apices quite obtuse. ‘I know of no instance of fusiform spores in Peziza, except in a variety of P. leucoloma, figured by Corda, Fasc. 2, fig. 135. 109. Leotia elegans, n. sp.; stipite elongato gracili sursum subattenuato ; capitulo brevi clavæformi stipite vix cras- siore, United States, North America, Mr. Greene. Stem 24 inches high, scarcely half a line thick, smooth, slightly attenuated upwards. Head 1-2 lines long, a little thicker than the stem, clavæform, sometimes bifid. The whole plant when dry is of dull orange-brown. This is a very distinct species, allied to Leotia uliginosa, with which | it cannot be confounded. If I have seen correctly, the asci- — are lanceolate, and the sporidia oblong. It is not described by Schweinitz. 1 . 110. Sphæria (Lignosæ) enteroxantha, n. sp. inæqualis 4 suborbicularis rugosa nigra intus pulverulenta aurea; peri- — theciis oblongis; ostiolis prominulis punctiformibus. — — ' On dead sticks. British Guiana, Sir R. Schomburgk. - B About 1 line broad, irregular, subglobose, bursting through the bark, rugged; sometimes confluent, black; perithecia | oblong with a short neck, more or less pondered with yellow; stroma golden yellow in the centre, as is also the surface of the wood beneath the bark. Ostiola prominent, punctiform. Asci narrow, clavate. Sporidia very minute, curved. Closely allied to s. flavovirens, but distinguished by the golden yellow of the centre of the stroma. The sporidia agree in form, (To be continued.) aT BOTANICAL INFORMATION. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Unio Itineraria. Abyssinian Plants. The fourth section of the “ Abyssinian Plants,” collected by Schimper, amounting to 400 species, have recently been distributed. Like the former sets, this contains very good specimens ; but the number of species in the present section which have been previously sent is so great as to take away materially from the value of this portion, and we should fear will not give satisfaction to the subscribers. It would appear that Mr. Schimper being fixed in a certain spot, has no longer the range of country to visit which is likely to afford much novelty to the Botanist. The numbering upon the tickets now amounts to 2000, or nearly so; but that we apprehend will give a very incorrect idea of the amount of species that the subscribers have received. The Unio Iti- neraria has done great good to Botany, and we have done every thing in our power, both by individual subscription and by inducing others to aid in so praiseworthy an object ; and we are aware of the great difficulties it has had to encounter, and the losses it has sustained by accidents and otherwise ; but we should be sorry to see its usefulness lessened by disappointing the just expectations of the subscribers. The following is a translation of the Prospectus, which has accompanied our own set of the fourth section of the Abyssinian Plants. ; * In remitting to our subscribers the third portion of the Abyssinian Plants, we add a few necessary remarks. * Before all, we have to excuse ourselves for the delay that has taken place in sending out this portion of the collection. It has been occasioned by the long illness, ter- - minated by the unexpected death of the friend, who for many years has assisted us in the direction, and who specially undertook the business. of distribution. The distribution, thus — v our vill, eos not be taken up 8 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. again and carried through so quickly as we could have . wished. * If in this third collection there be found, besides many new and interesting plants, a considerable number also of species which were already contained in the former portions, we admit that we should have preferred enriching the herbaria of our subscribers and science generally, with new species only ; but we could only transmit what our Abys- sinian friend himself had sent us, and were unwilling to omit anything, since in regard to the rare species at least, a second specimen cannot be unacceptable. “The price per century, has been fixed as low as that of the first portion, that is to say 15 florins, and we could have lowered it still more, as we had expressed our intention in — sending the second portion, but that Mr. Schimper had | earnestly begged us to remit to him whatever funds we - might have in hand or could collect, although he has for the moment stopped his remittances of plants, and placed himself in a situation independant of the Unio. He has, indeed, for the last two years, married in Abyssinia, and procured the King of that country, Ubie, to appoint him ruler of a district. 'The seat of his government, or of the capital of the district he holds under Ubie, is Antitscho. This political pesition of his has prevented him during the latter years from doing anything for the Unio; for the third collection we now send out, is the result of his herborisations ofthe year 1842. But he added, to the request contained in his last letter that we should send him manufactured goods, implements, &c., a promise to send hereafter to the directors of the Unio, objects of natural history and especially dried plants; and we therefore thought we were acting according to the wishes of our subscribers, or at least of the majority of them, in complying with his request, so far as the funds in hand or the sale of the remaining collections admitted. “It is a gratifying circumstance, that this intrepid traveller should have earned for himself, as a reward for his efforts and contributions, an independent and honour- able position, by which he has proposed to himself, as the BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 9 object of his exertions, the diffusing gradually the advantages of European civilisation amongst the people of Abyssinia ; for to this end, as he distinctly writes, are his endeavours directed, and it is this noble design which has enabled him to give up his own fatherland. Should he succeed in effect- ing anything permanent, then the Unio Itineraria may congratulate itseif on having contributed its mite, or at least on having given the opportunity for it, by sending Mr. W. Schimper to Abyssinia. * [t is less satisfactory, that Dr. Welwitsch at Lisbon, appears to have forgotten his engagements with the Unio, and has not fulfilled his often repeated promises of continuing his remittances of Portuguese plants. We reserve to our- selves the hope of compensating those subscribers who have thus felt disappointments, proportionate to the amount of their contributions, by a future remittance of Abyssinian plants, or by some other means as far as we are able, if the lately repeated promises of Dr. Welwitsch remain unful- filled. * Pror. HocusTETTER. * Dn. STEUDEL. * * Esslingen, August 15, 1845." Heldreich’s Oriental Plants. South European and Oriental Botany is under immense obligations to M. Boissier, of Geneva, for the services rendered by his admirable descriptions of new and rare species, no less than by the encouragement he has afforded to collectors, and by the determination of the species amassed through their means. M. Theodore Heldreich is one of the ablest of these collectors, and the distribution of his collections has given the greatest satisfaction to all the subscribers. Those of Greece, formed in the autumn of 1843 and spring — of 1844, especially those from the mountain chains of - Malévo and of the Taygetes, have been mentioned in the : early part of our last volume, p. 41, and those yet t be — expected from him are intimated in the. bu ee hich im= — à 10 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. mediately follows upon that one. We have now the plea- sure of being able to state, that highly favourable intelligence has recently been received from M. Heldrecih. He had just returned to Korieh, after having explored the central Taurus, where he had made very extensive collections, from 700 to 800 species. In this collection, there is a remarkable predominance of Scrophularinee (30 species of Verbascum), of Caryophyllee (viz: 18 Dianthus, 24 Silene), of Labiate, of Leguminose. The collections cannot be dispatched to . Geneva till the ensuing spring, nor distributed till the summer, on account of the absence of M. Boissier. The centuries ; which will exceed the amount of subscription (as | stated, l. c. p. 41) of each subscriber, will be reckoned to - him at 30 francs of France; this slight increase being neces- | sary to meet the heavy expenses of the journey, and the - same price wil be put on the collections of the future | journies of M. Heldreich. The journey in view for the next . year, will probably be the Oriental Taurus and Cappa- docia. Kotschy's Plants of South Persia. We re-set the type in order to give to our readers infor- - mation of the distribution of a most valuable collection of the Plants of South Persia, examined and named by M. Boissier under the direction of Dr. Hohenharker, of Esslingen, near Stuttgart, to whom subscribers’ names may | be sent. The set amounts to 820 species, the price is very | moderate, the number of new species very considerable; and . the whole in beaujiful condition. Mr. Spruce's Pyrenean Plants. Mr. Spruce's object in visiting the Pyrenées has been already detailed at p. 197 of our last volume. We are now able to state that he has been very successful in his re- searches in that country, having collected most of the best BOTANICAL INFORMATION. n fiowering plants of the Pyrenées, and an immense harvest of Cryptogamæ. He has made three short excursions into Spain, (two into Arragon, one into Catalonia), and some inte- resting ones-with M. Dufour in the Grandes Landes, and has explored the Pyrenæn range from the Vallée d’Aspe to the Maladetta; and he proposed (his letter was dated Bagnères de Bigorre, October 29,) continuing to herborize in the mountains, till prevented by the snow. He will probably return to England, to publish his collections, about the end of February of the present year, when it may be expected they will be at once prepared for distribution. Mr. Fortunes Chinese Plants. We can now announce that Mr. Heward, of Young Street, Kensington, has commenced the distribution of Mr. For- tune's Specimens of Plants from China. EJ Notice of the Sale of the Herbarium of Dr. Graham, late Professor of Botany in the University of Edinburgh. It is well known that Dr. Graham, while Professor of Botany in the University of Edinburgh, a post which he honourably filled for a period of twenty-five years, amassed a very extensive herbarium, of which a great part was obtained by purchase, at considerable expense, and the rest consisted of presents from distinguished travellers and scientific friends. We know it to be a collection of very considerable extent and in excellent condition, and that itis the intention of the family to dispose of it by public sale in the spring or early summer of next year in Edinburgh ; previous to which period, catalogues, indicating the nature of the lots, the place and time of sale, &c., will be circulated both - in this country and upon the continent. A most complete — Hortus Siccus of British Plants, named on the best authori- =. ties, constitutes a very small portion of this collection ; which is eminently rich i in East Indian A the ee of Lady 12 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Dalhousie, Dr. Wallich, Dr. Wight, Colonel and Mrs. Walker, &c. &c., and it contains full sets of most ofthe plants that have been offered for sale by the Unio Itineraria and by various collectors, such as Gardner, the two Drummonds, Hartweg, Cuming, Mathews, Bridges, Tweedie, &c. We shall not fail to give further notice in the pages of this Journal,as soon as the nature of the herbarium has been fully investigated, and a catalogue of the contents prepared. Lindheimer’s Plants of Texas. In the third volume of the present Journal, p. 140, is announced Mr. Lindheimer’s intention of devoting some time to the collecting of plants for sale, in Texas. The first series has been distributed, and we can confidently say that finer and better prepared, or better selected specimens, have seldom come under the notice of Botanists, and Mr. Lind- heimer has, as he pledged himself he would do, exéluded from them the common plants of the South-western States. The species are all labelled and numbered, and a list of names has been already published by Dr. Asa Gray, and copies of this Catalogue have reached this country. One objeet of the. present notice, is to give the oppor- tunity for saying that, together with the sets ordered by ourselves and friends, there have come two which are undisposed of, and which can be had by applying to the Editor of this Journal at the price mentioned above, (Vol. ITI. p. 140) with the addition of the share of freight. One of the two contains 186 species, the other 181 species. British Desmidiee. With Coloured Figures of the Species. By J. Ralfs, M.R.C.S. In this important work, the author proposes to describe and illustrate all the British Desmidiee, and as correct figures À BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 13 will be absolutely essential to make the descriptions of such minute objects intelligible, he will spare neither care nor expense in rendering the plates, which will be executed under his own eye, as accurate as possible. The engravings will be on copper, since experience has proved that the delicate markings of the Desmidieæ cannot be sufficiently displayed by lithography. Upwards of one hundred species will be introduced, many of them either altogether new, or now first noticed as British. The conjugated state of the Desmidiee is interesting, some- times from its resemblance to the same state in the Conju- gate, sometimes from the similarity of the spores to fossil bodies found in flint, and considered by Ehrenberg and other - naturalists as a species of Xanthidium. On these accounts, and also because few instances have been hitherto recorded, it is intended to give not only full details of the process, but as far as practicable, to show the different stages, by figures. Examples will be taken from one or more species in each of the following genera ; Gleoprium, Didymoprium, Micrasterias, Euastrum, Cosmarium, Xanthidium, Staurastrum, Tetmemo- rus and Closterium. As their animal nature has been maintained by many able writers, this question will be examined, and sufficient reasons produced for considering the Desmidieæ to belong to the vegetable kingdom. Their modes of growth and other facts which may illustrate their oeconomy, will receive particular attention. That nothing may be wanting to the utility of this mono- graph, the introduction will contain ample directions for finding and gathering these minute plants, and the different methods of mounting them for the microscope. Names of Subscribers, to whom the price will be one guinea, received by the Author, Penzance, Cornwall. — ^. er 14 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. ZEYHER AND BuRKE; South African Collections of Plants. (Mr. Burke’s Journal, continued from Vol. IV. p. 643.) On the 9th of Nov. I heard that the “ Deborah," arrived - in Algoa Bay, has our goods on board, and, being satisfied on this point, and finding that my people behave so ill in. the village that they are threatened with imprisonment, I determined on quitting Uitenhage and going to Saut Fonteyn, nine miles off, whither the paper, &c. can be sent to me from Algoa Bay. It was only by promising them some brandy that I could induce the men to come, and one Hot- tentot, whom I had dispatched to fetch the oxen, staid away all night, obliging me to send another to look for bim next. day. Atlast we started, with three waggons and thirty-six oxen in good condition, and getting rid of the women with less trouble than I anticipated, we went to Saut Fonteyn. On the 11th I visited the source of the stream which sup- plies Uitenhage, and found the ground where the water rises covered for a considerable space with Cliffortia elegans. On the hills around, Helichrysum nudifolium, Lissochilus speciosus and Jasminum Capense were common. We had not been long at Saut Fonteyn, when two Hottentot women arrived, who apparently persuaded William Kafir and another man to apply for permission to spend a day at Uitenhage, where I heard they were soon imprisoned, and only released to return directly to me, which they did in great ill-humour. We saw in this neighbourhood some duikers and grais boks, and shot several birds. The Nymphea scutifolia was beautifully in flower in the river. The weather became very fine and warm, the thermometer often indicating 90° in the shade. One - night a lion crossed the path but a short distance from the | Punyer having arrived from Algoa Bay without the paper, | and only bringing two cases of articles of very little conse- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 15 quence, I decided on losing no more time and starting im- mediately for the interior. Months have already been wasted in waiting for my goods. I therefore gave orders for departure from Saut Fonteyn on the 17th Nov., and crossing the Sundays River, we halted for the night at Commando Kraal, where we killed a grais bok and a bush bok. Plum- bago Capensis was in full bloom. For four days we bad much stormy weather. At a small stream called Mill River, which we crossed on the 22nd, the hills were quite pink with a species of Watsonia in full flower. Another dog died here, the third since we left Cape Town. It is said that these animals, when brought from England, seldom survive long in Africa. On the 24th we arrived at Graham's Town, where I bought a stock of paper, and two days after, reached the Fish River, which we crossed without difficulty, though we had heard alarming reports ofits swollen state from persons who were perhaps anxious to keep us as long as possible in their vicinity, hoping to obtain a share of our tobacco, coffee, &c. From this time to the 6th of December, we pursued our journey with little adventure, the track crossing and re- crossing the Fish River several times, till the rains, which fell heavily at night, had increased that stream so much that we found it impassible, and we halted at a place called Cradock, and took the opportunity of having some repairs done to our waggons. We saw and shot several spring boks, black grous, quaggas, and many kinds of birds, the skins of all which gave us much occupation in preparing during the intervals of halting. Thus we went on till the 16th of De- cember, when we reached the boundary of the Cape Colony. At a farm-house lives a Smith, who undertook to repair our waggons, but failed to do so, because he had neither iron nor coals! Stanley cranes, ibis calva, and spring boks, were seen in great numbers on the plains hereabouts.. On the 19th we — — . eame to Orange River, which is traversed on a very con- — . &job occupying two pie deg? which our diet was seris + . venient raft; but first the waggon requires to be put in order, — - 16 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. - varied by a quantity of fish we caught in the Orange River We crossed the stream on the 22nd. "The days were warm and fair, but heavy thunder-storms and rain prevailed a night. We [halted for a day on a high hill called Wolve Kop. A sheep which we had purchased was so carelessl put on the waggon that we lost it, so the people went out to hunt the rhu boks on the hill, and one was caught by Hottentot. Hyænas are numerous here. On Christmas Day we reached the banks of the Rive Caledon, and found it impassable. Rain continued and detained us till the 28th of January, though we made many ineffectual attempts to get across. Several other waggon were waiting on both sides. We spent the time, when th weather allowed, in shooting and skinning birds and animals and collecting insects. "The young rhu bok, which had been taken on Wolves Kop, died here. From the time of its capture, the ‘creature had been ill on alternate days. One day it would drink milk and walk about, the next day th poor thing had no use of its limbs and appeared almost life- less. We were kept in constant uncertainty as to the period of our detention by the state of the river, which rose and fell accordingly to the weather, varying every few hours. The Boers who collected in great numbers, sent fora boat from Orange River and an active scene commenced, all hands busy in taking waggons to pieces and packing them in the boat. Eleven waggons, including ours, were sent across in three days, the current running so strong that many articles were inevitably lost. Our largest water-cask, though firml secured, as we thought, was swept away and we never reco- vered it. The last day of January was occupied in putting our waggons together again and reloading them, and we also exchanged some of out barter goods for sheep and cows; th latter being essential to supply with milk the young anime we may catch. We had reason to rejoice at getting over th river when we did, a violent thunder-storm and heavy rair i $ * | BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 17 coming on soon after, which would have rendered the passage impracticable. From hence we pursued our journey to a missionary station, called Thaba Uncha ; the way was tedious, from the wet state of the country, and we repeatedly halted to rest the oxen. Great numbers of bless boks and black gnoos were observed; and our waggon was visited by people of the Barolong and Mantatie tribes, who all begged tobacco. It was the 16th of January when we reached Thaba Uncha. Mr. Gidde, the missionary, kindly promised to ask the chief, Moroco, to allow two of his people to accompany me, that they might take care of the oxen and sheep; and accordingly, I visited the hut of this potentate, to give him a present and request this favour. Our communi- cation, which was very amicable, was held through the medium of a Hottentot, who had been educated by the missionaries near Cape Town. Some tea, tobacco and an English clay-pipe, quite won the heart of Moroco, who is chief of the Barolongs, and whose village contains 8000 inha- bitants. The people possess great numbers of cattle, and raise much Indian corn and Kafir corn. They gave us a deal of trouble during the time that we were detained by bad weather at Thaba Uncha, tormenting us for presents, attempting to steal our sheep, some of which they succeeded in driving away at night, and setting their dogs on the quest for our provisions. The chief, Moroco, gave a long address to the men whom we engaged to accompany us, recommending obedience and diligence in our service; he much urged us to bind ourselves to return the same way, that we might - bring his people back, and on Mr. Gidde’s explaining that - this might be impracticable, he stated that we must then write to him by the hands of the men, and say if we were satisfied with their conduct, else he should consider them as - deserters. He added that the Barolongs never will remain with the Boers, but always run away from them; but that b the English are his particular allies. Another prese tobacco then ratified the treaty, and we perd friends on the 19th. mer P after, ` VOL. V. a 18 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. crossed the Fat River, where we stopped to get a waggon wheel mended, and to purchase horses from an emigrant farmer, named Hans Petersen, the first person of this class whom we have seen since we left the Caledon River, two months ago. The Fat River abounds with fish. Here we had a troublesome visit from a party of armed Boers, who came to the waggons, styling themselves military men. One, who claimed to be a cornet, insisted on knowing why we carried so much powder, and even wanted to take it from us, on pretence that we meant to sell it to the native tribes. After much blustering and abuse, during which he threatened to throw our waggons and all the goods into the river, the truth appeared ; this cornet only hoped to extract a present from us, and finding it could not be got by rough words, he became very friendly and invited us to visit his house and see his wife. An epidemic disease having carried off several horses, and rendered the others weak and useless, Mr. Zeyher left me to look at some, which Hans Petersen had to sell at a considerable distance, the place was called Doorn Kop. I remained near the banks of the Fat River till his return, and owing probably to the damp situation and stormy weather, I fell ill; but recovered gradually, and when Mr. Zeyher came back and reported that there was plenty of grass and many animals at Doorne Kop, which also seems a healthy spot, I thought it advisable to remove thither for a few weeks. The journey took a week. On the way, our best horse died suddenly of the prevalent malady; he had been feeding as usual, and was dead in a quarter of an hour. This disease causes great mortality in the neighbourhood, and I shall not replace the animal till it is absolutely neces- sary. Gnus, spring boks, and herds of the animal, called Burchell’s quagga, were seen on the way to Doorne Kop ; also a fine old lion, at whom I longed to have a shot, but he warily kept out of reach. One of our sheep actually lost its tail, which a jackal gnawed off the living animal. The farther we went, the more numerous became the tracks of animals, especially lions, black boks and hyenas. We halted BOTANICAL INFORMATION. I9 on a small hill near Doorne Kop, where we had plenty of wood and water and abundance of hares and guinea-fowls. Itis useless to think of proceeding while the horses die so fast; fifteen, belonging to an emigrant farmer, have been carried off by the epidemic in one day. In a month, we were obliged to shift our quarters, having drunk up all the water for two miles round, and consumed our sugar and biscuit; so we removed to near the residence of a Boer, who has a hand-mill, with which our corn can be ground. On the 25th of April, we came to the Sand River and crossed it with much difficulty, and pursued our way among hills of a half desert soil, for several days. The tedium of the journey was enlivened by the herds of Burchell's quagga and spring boks ; a large pack of wild dogs were seen pursuing the latter animals. At Rhinosters Kop, which we reached on the 3rd of May, we collected many birds, white herons, Jdis religiosa, &c. The weather became gradually colder and frost prevailed at night, and sometimes snow. In a beautiful spring to which we went for water, I was charmed to find great quantities of Water-cress and Veronia Beccabunga ! We continued travelling slowly, as the weather and state of our oxen permitted, to a small village inhabited by emigrant farmers, with one of whom we left our collections, in order to lighten the waggons. We were advised to call on the commandant of the district, whose name is Potgister; he has given us a note to one of his cornets, whom we shall meet at Macalisberg, whither we are going; but I should prefer to be without it, for whereas he pretends that our safety will be thus promoted, I feel convinced that his only motive is to extract presents, and to keep up an espial on - our movements. On the 28th, we left Potgister, and com- menced our journey towards Macalisberg. Wild boars and — : = ce hyænas were numerous, and at night a lion prowled about = and could not be driven away, even by keeping a large - fire and letting off our guns, till he had seized one of the dogs, with which he went off. The carcase of a brindled gnu which we had shot, proved a great attraction to these | 2 ie, ee 20 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. beasts of prey, and the howling they made was quite terrific. . On the Ist of June, we arrived at Macalisberg, so named from its being the residence of the chief, Macali. The River Macali runs close by. Hartebeerts, lions and rhinoceros were seen in great numbers ; also elands and hippopotamus. The fat of the latter animal is excellent eating. Punyer is a good shot and has killed many beasts; but if the carcasses are left for ever so short a time, either the natives or the wild animals are sure to destroy the skin, and render it unfit for preservation ; and it is sometimes difficult to keep off the lions and hyænas. On one occasion we shot a fine female bippopotamus, and to lighten it, we opened and endeavoured to skin the carcass in the river, but we found it a most dif- ficult job to get it from thence to the waggons ; for the lions, attracted by the smell, kept near and pursued us for several hours. An alligator was also shot and skinned, and a buffalo; but the inevitable consequence of firing so many guns was to scare away the game from our neighbour- hood. On the 20th of July, an old Boer, who had accompanied us, was killed by a rhinoceros, and this circumstance, com- bined with the increasing scarcity of animals, has induced me to determine on quitting this place and going to a salt pan, distant about two days’ journey. I shall take our two remaining horses and the cows which are in milk, that I may havea supply of food in case of meeting with any young animals. We have no salt left, so that a fresh stock will be acceptable. On the 27th of July, I took one waggon, with - Punyer and all the people who could be spared, and pro- Ee ceeded towards the salt pan, which is situated in the centre - of a small bill, and at least 500 feet deep. On the way wé were much distressed for want of water. Giraffes abounded in this neighbourhood, and the Hottentot who attends the cows killed a fine large male, which gave us a long job in skinning him. The country is covered with species of Acacia and Dodonea and Euclea undulata, a plant 1 had not seen since . leaving Uitenhage. There are also several kinds of birds, . BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 21 not ‘ound at Macalisberg, and large flocks of Guinea-fowl and pheasants. Having sent two of my people to shoot buffaloes for meat, they disturbed a rhinoceros, which chased them; the poor fellows hurried to a tree ; but the infuriated beast followed so closely that they had not time to ascend — it, and in utter despair, they both fired at once, and their huge foe dropped down dead. Having no meat at the waggon, they brought home all the flesh of it they could carry. Rhinoceros meat, when fat, is almost equal to beef; but when lean, is nearly uneatable. I was very sorry to miss killing a panther, which passed close to me while I was busy looking for birds, but the shot in my gun being small, I dared not meddle with him. About twenty natives, and twice as many dogs belonging to them, keep hanging about our waggon. I made them very happy with the giraffes, and carcase of the buffalo we had killed; and if these poor crea- tures were not allowed to feast on the meat, the wild dogs and hyænas would soon secure it, for not the most careful concealment with bushes and thorns, nor good fires burning round the spot, are sufficient to scare the ravenous beasts from such a repast. Many a time, the creatures we have shot were pulled away and devoured before help could be obtained from the waggon to secure them. A young female giraffe, which one of the Hottentots caught, became a troublesome but interesting charge. She was about seven feet high, very wild and strong, and after being tied all day to a tree, we were obliged to stand by the whole night, or she s would have strangled herself in fruitless efforts to escape; — and when we wanted to feed her, the only mode was Aa ae fasten all her four legs and laying her gently down, to compel cu d her to swallow some milk. Two cows did not give milk — enough to supply her, and her unruly struggles prevented db her being left alone, night or day. I covered her with one _ of my blankets, the cold nights appearing to disagree. it her, andtafter two days we made our way back to “Waggon, that we might get more milk for her. begun to eat Acacia leaven, "nd wi í ZZ BOTANICAL INFORMATION. as we were occupied in preparing some eland’s flesh for supper, the unlucky animal contrived to get loose, and darting” off in the dark, effected an escape after five or six days’ captivity, and though we pursued her track for several hours, it was all in vain. (To be continued.) Notes on the VEGETATION and general character of the Missouri and OREGON Territories, made during a Botanical Journey in the State of Missouri, and across the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific, during the years 1843 and 1844; by CHARLES A. GEYER. (Continued from p. 662, Vol. IV.) IV.—The Sandy Desert Region comprises the eastern portions of the Sierra Verra, Sierra de los Grallos, and Sierra de las Mimbras. Like the preceding saline barren region, this is without any limits, but is partly intersected by spurs of the Rocky Mountains, by saline barren lands, or, the least part of it, by subfertile gravelly plains or ridges. About one-half of Missouri and Oregon territories belongs to this region, as well as one third, or one-fourth, of the State of Arkansas ; its boundaries westward pretty well keep the same lines with the Saline region, but it diverges out of those limits eastward, reappearing in the territories Dacotah, lowa, Wisconsin, and the northern part of Illinois to Lake Michi- gan. Most part of this eastern prolongation does not belong to what may be properly termed desert, but rather Poplar, — Oak, or Pine barrens. These, as well as the other great half of this region, on the west of the Rocky Mountains, will be _ described later, under separate heads. "The apparent geological features will be noticed separately, : since, on account of the different altitudes, this region must : be again divided into four sub-regions. à General character of the vegetation.—W sstward, fronting and oe put of the = — of the e } BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 23 In the narrow river-valleys, are oases of Poplar with thickets of Willows, Amorpha frutescens and Rosa! Rarely is found a thicket of Shepherdia argentea, Eleagnus, Ribes aureum, and Rhus trifoliolata! In the desert plains, oases of Populus betulefolia, Pursh, without undergrowth, are very rarely met with !—Apparent centre of the markable by the cylindrical capsules. — 4. L. imponderosa; caule — gracillimo, fexuoso, NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. 63 elongato, subpinnato; ramis patentibus, subdistantibus, subcomplanatis, acuminatis ; foliis laxis, erecto-patentibus, lanceolato-acuminatis, mediotenus uninerviis, basi margine recurvis, serrulatis, siccitate striatis.— Forest of Esme- raldos, Prof. William Jameson, (Dr. Greville’s Herba- rium.) Stems a foot or more long, very slender; branches short, nearly at right angles with the stem. Leaves with a very slender nerve. This has all the habit of Leskea mollis, Hedw. the leaves, however, are less closely imbricated, are serrated, with longer and narrower points and a short nerve. Hypnum, Linn. 1. H. Jamesoni ; caule tripinnato, procumbente ; ramis tenui- bus; folis remotiusculis, patentibus, caulinis cordatis longius acuminatis, subintegerrimis, rameis ovatis acutis denticulatis, omnibus enerviis, substriatis; capsula late Ovata, pendula; operculo conico-rostellato; seta levi, apice deflexa, in apophysin abeunte.—No. 332, in woods on the western side of Pichincha, Prof. William Jameson, 1845. It has the habit of the European H. prolongum, L.; the branches, however, are more slender, the leaves nerveless, the elongated setæ smooth and the capsule pendulous. Outer peristome of sixteen trabeculate elongato-acuminate teeth; the inner of as many perforated lacinie, with two or three lesser filiform processes interposed. au. 2. H. Drummondii ; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, ramoso ; Tamis confertis, apice subincurvis; foliis imbricatis, erec- tiusculis, secundis, oblongo-ovatis, apiculatis, concavis, enerviis, margine reflexis, integerrimis; seta surculo sub- quali, levi, sursum incrassata; capsula erectiuscula, - inæquali, anguste ovata; operculo longius curvirostro— m Swan River, Mr. James Drummond. Yn the Londo = Journal of Botany, Mr. Wilson states it to have been found likewise by Dr. Joseph D. Hooker at Van Diemen Land, and by Mr. Cunningham at King Georg | Tufts wide, dense, golden-yellow; the 64 NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. pale green. Shoots about 1 inch high, the older reddish. Perichætia small, about the middle of the shoots, sending down rootlets. Capsules erect at the base, slightly curved above. Inner peristome of sixteen lacinie with single fili- form processes interposed. It has much the habit of H. Zenuirostre, Hook., but the shoots are shorter, the leaves are entire and have reflexed margins, and shorter points, while the capsule is more erect. 2. H. lepturum, caule cæspitoso, procumbente, ramoso ; ramis brevibus subincurvis, lucidis, pallidissime virentibus ; foliis arcte imbricatis, erectis, secundis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, subserrulatis, basi marginibus recurvis, mediotenus uni- nerviis.—Swan River, Mr. James Drummond. Tufts forming flattish shining silvery green cushions a foot or more wide. Leaves near the tops of the shoots with elongated, almost piliferous summits. The very slender and taper branches remind one of H. reflexum, Web. et Mohr. ; our plant, however, has a distinguishing whitish-green silky lustre, and the leaves have their nerves reaching only half way to the summits. 4. H. expansum; caule repente; surculis adscendentibus, — implexis, subpinnatis; ramis utrinque acuminatis, com- planatis; foliis laxe imbricatis, subpatentibus, distichis, oblongis, apice rotundatis, apiculatis, serratis margine - planis, mediotenus uninerviis, seta levi, apice decutva; capsula ovata.—On Pichincha, near Quito, Prof. William Jameson, 1827, (Dr. Greville's Herbarium.) Shoots pale green, nearly 3 inches high, bent at their tops. Leaves with the margins at one side of the base inflexed. Outer peristome of sixteen lanceolate, barred teeth, inner of as many foraminulose lacinie with two filiform processes interposed between each pair. Our plant is scarcely dendroid—as are H. alopecurum, L., and H: necke- roides, Hook., both of which, besides, have very concave - leaves, with margins reflexed and with a solid nerve Fate nearly to their summits. * 5. H. microcladum ; caule subimplexo, prééumbante ; ramis | abbreviatis, erectis, subcomplanatis ; foliis laxe imbricatis, NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. 65 patentibus, ovalibus, apiculatis, enerviis, integerrimis, basi margine recurvis; perichætialibus strictis, erectis, longius acuminatis, adpressis, substriatis; seta elongata, levi; capsula ovata, inæquali, erectiuscula, subapophysata ; oper- culo convexo, longius rostrato.—On trunks of trees, Forest of Esmeraldos, Prof. William Jameson, 1827, (Dr. Greville's Herbarium.) The setze, nearly 2 inches high, seem quite disproportioned to the erect shoots that scarcely exceed 2 lines in height. Leaves loosely set, yellowish-green, shining when dry. Calyptra dimidiate. Outer peristome of sixteen trabeculate teeth, inner of as many foraminulose lacinie, with single, lanceolate, short processes interposed. Apophysis of the capsule short, blackish, obconical. 6. H. scariosum ; caule laxe implexo; surculis procumben- tibus, subpinnatis, virenti-albidis, sericeis; foliis caulinis erectis, rameis patentibus, omnibus cordatis, longius api- culatis, serrulatis, mediotenus uninerviis ; seta levi; capsula ovata, inæquali, inclinata, fuscescente.— On trunks of treés, _ Forest of Esmeraldos, at an altitude of 7,000 feet, Prof. William Jameson, (Dr. Greville's Herbarium.) Shoots with but little verdure, hence appearing scariose. Leaves destitute of striæ. Inner peristome of sixteen lacinie, with single filiform processes interposed. From H. plumosum, Linn. the present differs by the wider leaves, their more elongated points, by the pinnate branches and by the smooth sete. : G B: solutum; caule laxe implexo, elongato, subpinnato ; ramis fasciculatis, attenuatis; foliis subimbricatis, caulinis late cordatis, elongate apiculatis, squarrosis, rameis ovatis, patentibus, omnibus mediotenus uninerviis, minutissime Serrulatis ; seta flexuosa, levi; capsula oblongo-ovata, incurvata ; operculo rostrato.—On the ridge of Pisagua, © near Otovalo, at an altitude of 10,000 feet, Prof. William —— 2 Jameson, (Dr. Greville's Herbarium.) 23 Shoots several inches long, variously flexuose, their top usually with fascicled branches, pale olive-green. - 66 NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. peristome of sixteen trabeculate teeth, inner of as many foraminulose laciniæ with single filiform processes interposed. It is like some states of H. prolongum, Linn., but the ultimate branches are more slender, the cauline leaves squarrose, their nerve reaching only half way to their summits and the sete are smooth. Dattonia, Hook. et Tayl., (annuente atque emendante Bridelio.) 1. D. ovalis; caule cæspitoso, erecto; ramis compressis; | folis imbricatis, erectis, oblongo-lanceolatis, apiculatis, canaliculatis, substriatis, uninerviis, margine reflexis, inte- - gerrimis; seta scabra; capsula ovali, apophysi minuta; - operculo longirostro.— On trunks of trees, on Cayambe, - at an elevation of about 14,000 feet, 20 Oct., 1827, Prof. - William Jameson, (Dr. Greville's Herbarium). | Shoots of a golden yellow, shining, about 1 inch high and - 1-10th of an inch wide. Calyptra entire, ciliated at the base. - Outer peristome of sixteen lanceolate-acuminate, barred — teeth, inner of as many white, filiform, imperforate, articu- - lated laciniæ, variously twisted after the fall of the lid. E Nerve of the leaf very slender, vanishing before reaching the point, This differs from D. splachnoides, H. et T., by the greater size, wider leaves with stronger nerves, and by the capsule more contracted at the mouth. It must be con- fessed, however, that the two species approach very closely. Fisstpens, Hedw. 1. F. pygmeus; caule aggregato, erecto, simplici; foliis erecto-patentibus, infra laxis, apice confertis 7-8-jugis, oblongis, obtusissimis, nervo apiculatis, integerrimis, im- marginatis, lamina dorsali acuta, supra basin desinente ; perichætio (seu caule fertili) radicali, breviore, ejus foliis erectis, adpressis, amplexantibus, acuminatis, 2-3-jugiss seta subflexuosa ; capsula erecta, ms one a TO! Swan River, Mr. James Drummond, — TI CR NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. 67 Stems loosely aggregated, pale green, flexuose. Leaves crisped when dry, obliquely set, the base on one side of the nerve prolonged and rotundate. Lid shorter than the cap- sule. Teeth of the peristome unequally divided. The fertile stem or perichætium sending down its own rootlets. F. zaxi- Jolius, Hedw., may be distinguished by its greater size, its leaves in from nine to fifteen pairs, more acute, by the peri- chetium growing truly on the cauline shoot, by the wider capsules, and by the more elongated and attenuated beaks of the lids. There is no annulus present. De CaniciBus; by F. Boorr, M.D. F.L.S. The following species of Carex form a natural group in that vast genus, and have not been always clearly under- stood. As in other groups, it is difficult to convey by language that distinction which the eye perceives; and in many cases the transition of one species into another is so evident, that no single character can be so expressed as to suit, exclusively, any one species, seen under the various forms which a large collection of specimens presents. To show the differences in the group Vesicarie, I have given a table of the spikes, and of the male and female ones from a large number of specimens examined in various her- baria; and it will be seen that it affords an additional evidence of the specific character of some of the species allied to each other, as in the case of the prevailing number of female spikes in C. vesicaria and C. bullata, distinguishing the one from C. ampullacea, and the other from C. Tucker- C. utriculata was first described in the Flora Bor. Ameri- cana of Sir W. J. Hooker, and though common in the United States, has not been admitted by Tuckerman in his Enumeratio methodica Caricum, published in 1843. It has been T — generally considered by American Botanists as C. am; | to which in its smaller forms it is closely allied, but from in well developed specimens, it is distinct, specum oblong elliptic perigynium, and the long hispid : 68 BOOTT, DE CARICIBUS. female scales. Specimens exactly agreeing with the usual | typical forms of the C. ampullacea of Europe were found by Dr. | Richardson in Arctic America. I have not seen any like them … from the States of the Union. They no doubt will be met with; but I think taking the types of either, few botanists - will doubt their specific difference. 1 have ventured to quote the C. bullata, var. levirostris of Fries, found near Chris- tiana in Norway by Blytt, a specimen of which I saw in Herb. Tuckerman, under C. utriculata. It cannot possibly be considered as a form of C. bullata, and it agrees with C. utriculata in having the lower female scales aristate. The fig. of Schk. is conclusive as to C. bullata, from which C. Tuckermani is clearly distinct. VESICARLE. No. Spikes.| No. Male. | No. : 13 4 19 E] 19 G: monile, 23 . . * . 8 5 3 2 4 2 3 x 4 51 5 56 3 93 4 4 LE 2 12 ues 11 6 5 4 8 c. vesicaria, 115 s š -| 6 3 5 1 2 2 7 1 5 1 8 + 6 24 5 50 2 49 31 4 25 3 28 13 6 9 4 6 | D T I3 3 5 C. ampullacea, 90 ; E x1 8. 3 2 1 1 2 9 1 7 1 3 1 11 i Rn 1 15 24 6 27 3 33 ud TEES e HE 730.4 tou C. utriculata, e" : à : 5 3 8 1 2 1 E ies scc uA 28 À Tee 1H^ 3 |^H C. Tuckermani, 47 . * doof eae 2 E L + 231...4 IE : 2 23 C bullata, 35. . . . .|HM 3$ mw pam BOOTT, DE CARIGIBUS. 69 1. C. monile, Tuckerman Enum. Meth. Car. Spicis 4-5, rarius 3, longo-cylindricis; masculis 3, rarius 2-4; fœmineis 2, rarius 1, teretibus remotis, pedunculatis, evaginatis, longe bracteatis, infima nutante basi laxiflora. Stig. 3. Perigyniis subgloboso-ovatis, acuminatis, brevi- rostratis, ore obliquo bifurcato inflatis, glabris, lucidis, stra- mineis, sub 10 nerviis, squama lanceolata acuminata acuta multum latioribus, longioribusque.—C,. vesicaria, B Dewey. —C. bullata, 8? Sullivant. Has. In Nova Anglia. Tuckerman, &c. Ohio, Sullivant. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Richardson. Culmus 1-2 pedalis, gracilis, triqueter, acutangulus, scaber, sulcatus, pars spicas gerens 4-10 poll. longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, viridia, scabra. Bracteæ foliaceæ, culmo longiores, infima rarius vaginata. Vagina 2-4 lin. longa. Spice mas- cule plerumque 3, rarius 2-4, approximate, 1-21 poll. longe, lineam late, infima bracteata: inferiores rarius, vel omnes apice feeminee: squame lanceolate, castaneze, margine albo-hyalinæ. Spice fæmineæ 2, rarius 1, longo cylindricæ, 14-24 poll. longæ, 3 lin. late, pedunculatæ, nutantes, inter- vallis 13-5 poll. remote; squame lanceolate, acuminate, acute, muticæ, pallide vel ferrugineæ. Pedunculi 4 lin.-13 poll. longi, glabri. Perigynium 2 é lin. longum, 1: lin. latum. Achenium 12 lin. longum, $ lin. latum, triquetro-obovatum, castaneum, glabrum. À C. ampullacea differt culmo acutangulo, scabro, foliis planis, viridibus, spicis feemineis paucioribus, gracilioribus, squamis muticis, perigyniis ore obliquo. Gracilior quam c. vesicaria, et forma fabricaque perigynii, spica fœminea infima basi laxiflora, perigyniis sepe trifarüs, aliisque notis, distinguenda, 2. C. vesicaria, L. Spicis 5-4, rarius 3-6 vel pluribus; masculis 8-2, fæmineis a : 2, rarissime 3 vell, oblongis vel cylindraceis, crassis, ap- —— Proximatis, bracteatis, infima pedunculata. Stig. 3. Peri- Syniis oblongo-ovatis, acuminato-brevi rostratis, bifurca glabris, stramineis, inflatis, 10-17 nerviis oblique adscer 70 BOOTT, DE CARICIBUS. tibus, squama lanceolata acuta vel acuminata mutica lon- gioribus latioribusque. Has. In Europa, Altai; America boreali. | Culmus 1-2 pedalis, acutangulus, scaber, pars spicas — gerens 3-10 poll. longa. Folia 2-3 lin. lata, scabra, culmum . æquantia, viridia, vaginis in filis reticulatis rumpentibus. : Bracteæ foliaceæ, culmum subæquantes vel eo longiores) | infima rarius vaginata. Vagina 2-8 lin. longa. Spice 5-4- - rarius 3-8: masculæ 3-2, rarius 1-6, plerumque contiguæ, — 6-21 lin. longs, 1-2 lin. late, infima bracteata; fœmineæ — sepius 2, rarissime 1-4 crassæ, 8 lin.-2 poll. longe, 5-6 lin. — late, approximate, intervallis 1-2 poll. vel- infima (si 3 _ adsint) 5 poll. longis remote: suprema sepe sessilis, - infima, peduneulata, erecta vel nutans, rarius basi sublaxi- : flora. Squame lanceolate, muticæ obtuse vel acute vel | longe acuminate (vix perigynio breviores) pallide ferrugine® | vel fusce, margine albo-hyalinæ. Pedunculi 2 lin.-14 poll longi scabri. Perigynium 37 lin. longum, 1$ lin. latum oblongo ovatum, in rostrum breve sensim acuminatum, apice 10-basi 17 nervium. Achenium lineam longum j-; lin latum, triquetro-obovatum, glabrum, punctulatum. A C. ampullacea, culmo acutangulo, scabro, folis viri- dibus, planis, latioribus, spicis foemineis fere semper 2, cras- sioribus, brevioribus, rarius basi laxifloris, forma et magni- tudine perigynii, perigyniis laxioribus, rostro breviori latiori squamis longioribus semper muticis, sæpe ad apicem lineari- elongatis, satis distincta. 3. C. ampullacea, Good. Spicis 5-4, rarius 3-6 vel pluribus ; masculis 2-3, frmineis 2-3, longo-cylindricis, remotis, sessilibus vel pedunculatis, Paire densifloris, infima sepe nutante basi la flora. Stig. 3. Perigyniis subgloboso-ovatis, brevi-cylin- | drico-rostratis, bifidis, glabris, stramineis, oblique adscem dentibus, 10-17 nerviis, squama ferruginea, vel fusco-puf purea, margine albo-hyalina, lanceolata mutica et mucront lata longioribus, latioribusque. : Has. In Europa, Altai, America bóróali EE Ho : BOOTT, DE CARICIBUS. 71 to Bear Lake, Richardson), nusquam a civitatibus Reipub- licæ Americanæ a me visa. Culmus subbipedalis, gracilis, obtusangulus, levis, inter spicas scabriusculus pars spicas gerens 6-13 poll. longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, culmo longiora, margine carinaque scabra, sepius involuta, glauca. Bracteæ culmo longiores, basi involute, infima rarius vaginata. Vagina 2-10 lin. longa. Spice mascule plerumque 2 vel 3- rarius 4-approximatæ, 8 lin.-23 poll. longe, 1-14 lin. late infima (si 3 adsint) brac- teata, Spice fœmineæ plerumque 2 vel 3, rarius 4-5-oblongæ vel longo-cylindricæ, 1-2 etiam 34 poll. longæ, 4-5 lin. late, densiflore, sessiles vel potius inferiores pedunculate, supe- riores interdum apice masculæ, infima basi laxiflora, nutans: squama omnes ferrugineæ, vel fusco-purpureæ nervo viridi, margine anguste albo-hyaline obtuse, vel superiores sepius mucronulatæ rarius emarginatæ, mucrone interjecto. Pedun- culi 4 lin.- 2 poll. longi, leves. Perigynium 2 lin. longum, 1-15 lin. latum, cylindrico rostratum, ore bifido vel bifurcato, ad basin 17 nervium, ad apicem 10, nervi sursum evanes- centes, 8-10 farium. Achenium 2-3 lin. longum, 3-8 lin. latum triquetro-obovatum, punctulatum castaneum gla- brum. Variat 1, foliis, planis latis: 2, spicis rarius 9-15 fœmineis 7-11: 3 interdum superioribus apice masculis, 4 infima (uno specimine) basi spicula minori 1 vel 2 aucta. Specimina Americana omnia (sub nomine C. ampullaceæ missa) que adhuc visi, e civitatibus Reipublice ad C. utri- culatam refero, Ea e amiciss. Sartwell. Penn Yan. N. York l missa, magis cum planta Europæana conveniunt, quæ nun- quam squamas fœmineas inferiores aristatas habet, quamvis 1 superiores sepe mucronulate sint. Folia Egi. meu . involuta, eulmus obtusangulus lævis, sunt. | A.C, utriculata, Boott. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, 15. | Spicis 6-7, rarius 5-8, masculis 3-4, approximatis, c: 3 3-4 elongatis, crassis, remotis, sessilibus vel brevi ped infima baat lasifiogs long bracteate. - eue Jer 73 BOOTT, DE CARICIBUS. longo-ellipticis, acuminatis, cylindrico rostratis, bifurcatis, | divergentibus, sub 12 nerviis stramineis, squama lanceolata - acuminata, hispido-aristata longioribus latioribusque. C. 1 ampullacea, Dewey, &c. C. physocarpa, Sartwell, Herb - Boott. C. bullata, B. Fries? Nov. Pl. Suec. man. altera : Upsalie, 1839. E Has. In America Boreali, e civitate Ohio, Sartwell: ai * Cumberland House," Richardson: in montibus Saxosis. Drummond: ad littera Oceani Pacifici, Garry.—1n Nor- | vegia?-prope Christianam, Blytt. (Herb. Tuckerman.) — Culmus 2-3 pedalis, basi spongiosus, crassus, apice levis | vel scaber, inter spicas scabriusculus pars spicas gerens 9-12 poll.longa. Folia 43 lin. lata, culmo multum longiora glauca, nodosa, striato-nervosa, carina margineque scabra basi culmum amplectentia. Bracteæ culmum longe supe- | rantes, auricula obtusa amplectens, rarius vaginata. Vagina interdum pollicaris. Spicæ masculæ 3-4 rarius 5 vel 9 graciles, 1-21 poll. longe, lineam late; inferiores bracteatæ, interdum apice fœmineæ : squamæ VEREA acutæ, pallide ferrugineæ, apice albo-hyalinæ. Spicæ fæminæ sæpe 3- 2- rarius 4-5, crassæ, 21-4 poll. longæ, 7-8 lin. latæ intervallis 14-35 poll remote, superiores sessiles, aliquando apice mascule, rarius basi spicula altera auctæ, quasi geminatæ: inferiores brevi pedunculatæ, apice densi-basi laxi-floræ (In- fima, uno specimine, basi composita. Squamæ ovato- latæ acutissimæ, inferiores præcipue in aristam longam sC4 bram productæ (perigyniis vix breviores. ^ Peduncu infimus 8-12 lin. longus, levis. Perigynium 44 lin. longw 15 lin. latum, oblongo ellipticum, acuminatum, cylindri rostratum, bifurcatum divergens. Achenium lineam lon- gum, 4 lin. latum, triquetro-obovatum, papillo | vel punctulatum. In speciminibus bene expositis satis a typis C. am, et C. vesicarie distinguenda: in minoribus proxime — C. ampullaceam accedit. Ab utrinque squamis fœmin longe hispido aristatis satis differt,—a C. vesicaria omm BOOTT, DE CARICIBUS. 75 3 partibus majoribus, foliis latioribus glaucis, insigniter venoso- reticulatis, bracteis multum longioribus: spicis pluribus, foemineis rarius 2- sepius 3, inferioribus basi magis atte- nuatis laxifloris, perigyniis longioribus, rostro cylindrico lon- giori differt. —A C. ampullacea pluribus characteribus supra notatis absimilis, præcipue perigyniis oblongo-ellipticis. Tamen hæc perigynii forma interdum deficit, et magis globosa, culmus lævis et obtusangulus et etiam squamæ (nisi infime) muticæ evadunt—et, ut in aliis Caricis gregibus, sunt formæ intermediæ quæ ad speciem veram ægre relatæ sunt. 5. C. Tuckermani, Boott. Spicis 5-4, rarius 6, masculis 2 vel 3, fœmineis 3 vel 2, oblongis vel cylindraceis, crassis, subapproximatis, peduncu- latis, longissime bracteatis infima sepe nutante. Stig. 3. Perigyniis tenuissimis, pellucidis, turgide-inflatis, oblongo ovatis, acuminatis, longe cylindrico-rostratis bifurcatis, pal- lidis, oblique-adscendentibus 10-14 nerviis, glabris, squama Ovata-acuta vel hispido-mucronata multum latioribus lon- gioribusque.—C. bullata, Tuck. En. Meth. Car. (non Schk.) - Has. in America boreali. Culmus 2-91 pedalis, firmus, scaber, foliis vestientibus tectus, apice filiformis, pars spicas gerens 6-10 poll. longa. Folia 1-23 lin. lata, culmo longiora, scabra. Bracteæ culmo longiores, infima rarius vaginata. Vagina 2-10 lin. longa. Spicæ 5-4, rarius 6 vel 7, masculæ sæpius 2 vel 3, rarius 1-4, ebraeteatze 3-14 poll. longæ, lineam late, interdum apice: foemi- - nez. Squame lanceolate, obtuse velacutæ, vel rarius hispido- mucronatæ, pallide-ferrugineæ margine albo-hyalinæ. Spicæ E fæmineæ sæpius 2 vel 3, rarius l-4, crassæ, 8 lin. ad vix 2 poll. longæ, 8 lin. latæ, suprema subsessilis, infima pedun- l culata, nutans, intervallis 1-2, rarius 4 poll. remotæ : squamæ i: T ovatæ, acutæ vel hispido-mucronatæ pallidæ, nervo viridi, — ad latera ferrugineo-nebulose, margine albo-hyalinæ, glat vel dorso scabræ. Pedunculi 2 lin. ad 1 poll longi, c Perigynium 5 lin. or 2 ne latum, te VOL. V. ; 74 BOOTT, DE CARICIBUS. Li viride vel stramineo-pallidum. Achenium 13 lin. longum; lineam latum triquetrum pallidum papilloso-asperulum, basi styli incrassato apiculatum. A C. bullata, Schk., culmo scabriori foliis latioribus, spicis foemineis longioribus, pluribus, longius pedunculatis, nutanti- bus. Squamis sepe mucronatis, perigyniis tenuioribus, pellucidis, majoribus, glabris, oblique-adscendentibus, pe- dunculis scabris differt. 6. C. bullata, Schk. U. U. U. f. 166. Spicis 4-3, masculis sepius 2 vel 3, approximatis, infima bracteata, fœmineis 1, rarius 2, oblongis vel cylindraceis, crassis, squarrosis, sessilibus vel pedunculatis, bracteatis. - Stig. 3. Perigyniis ovatis, acuminatis, longe cylindrico- . rostratis, bifurcatis, inflatis, rostro sepius scabro, 10-14 . nerviis, squama lanceolata, acuta, mutica multum latioribus, E longioribusque.—C. cylindrica, Tuck. En. Meth. Car. &c. : Has. in America boreali. = Culmus 14-2 pollicaris, gracilis, firmus, levis vel scabrius- culus, inter spicas scaber, pars spicas gerens 4-8 poll. longa. Folia 1-14 lin. lata. Bracteæ culmum subæquantes, vel - eo longiores, infima rarius vaginata. Vagina 4 lin. longa. Spice 4-3, rarius 5, masculæ sepius 2 vel 3, approxi- mate, 4-2 poll longe, 1-14 lin. late, suprema ali- quando basi feminea infima bracteata. Squame obtuse castaneæ, margine et apice albo-hyalinæ. Spice fœmineæ sæpius 1- rarius 2, squarrosæ, 10-16 lin. longæ, 6-8 lin. late, sessiles vel brevi pedunculate, rarius apice mascule, in vallo 2-4 poll. remote, squame castaneæ muticæ margin albo-hyalinæ. Pedunculi 4 lin. rarius pollicem longi, leves, infimus interdum subnutans. Perigynium 37 lin. longum, 15 lin. latum, longe-cylindrico-rostratum rostro sepius sca- bro, squarrosum. Achenium 12 lin. longum, £ lin. latum, triquetrum, — pts basi inii inc in apiculatum: — — n ‘NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 75 Notes on MimosEz, with a Synopsis of Species. By Greorce Benruam, Esq. (with a Plate. Tan. I.) Tribe III. Acacizz. (Continued from Vol. IV. p. 622.) XXIX. ArroNsEA, A. de St. Hil. (Tas. I.) ; Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx ample tubuloso-campanu- latus, subinflatus, 5-8-dentatus. Corolla tubulosa. Sta- mina numerosissima, monadelpha, tubo basi corollæ adnato, filamentis superne liberis longe exsertis. Ovaria plura, ses- silia. Styli elongati exserti. Legumen crassum rectum. Semina funiculo longo appensa.—Frutices v. arbores, Brasilienses, habitu Inge, inermes. Folia simpliciter abrupte pinnata. Petiolus inter juga foliolorum alatus v. nudus. Glandule inter omnia paria scutellate v. stipitate. - Foliola opposita, paucijuga, majuscula. Flores inter Mimoseis magni, munc sessiles dense spicati, nunc breviter pedicellati, racemosi. Bracteæ vel breves laxæ vel dense imbricate. Calyx et corolla villosa. Stamina e£ styli glabra. Ovaria brevia villosissima. This genus was established many years since by Auguste de St. Hilaire, and often adverted to upon his authority, but - does not appear to have been since examined, although more than one species have been gathered in the vicinity of Rio — Janeiro, or Bahia. This circu e is probably owing to their having been taken for species - of Inga, which they x resemble most closely in every thing but the number. of DURS ovaria, and some slight difference in the calyx and corolla. - - The number of ovaries is usually three, of which one a appears to be the front one and two lateral ones, ‘the sem suture: ie bui: as Mig be expe ia 76 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. Where there were five, the odd one appeared to be placed … in front, but of this I am not certain, for owing to the thick texture and obscure venation of the calyx, corolla and staminal tube, I cannot satisfy myself that I traced their relative position very accurately. I had not many flowers to spare for dissection, and in those cases where I made M a transverse section in the first instance, they turned out to — be only tricarpellary. 24 1. A. juglandifolia, (A. de St. Hil. Voy. Diam. 1, p. 387) _ foliolis 4-jugis, racemis longiuscule pedunculatis.— Unknown, except from the above short cbaracter.— Diamond District. 2. A. densiflora, sp. n., foliis glabris, petiolo nudo, foliolis 3-4-jugis oblongis acuminatis coriaceis nitidis planis, spica ovoidea densa pedunculo suo longiore.— Ramuli juniores. rufo-pubescentes, mox glabrati. Stipule persistentes, lan- ceolatæ, 2-3 lin. longe. Petiolus communis 4-5-pollicaris. Glandulæ orbiculatæ, sessiles. Foliola ultima 5-6 poll. longa 11-2 poll. lata. Peduneulus in specimine nostro sesqui- folliceris, crassus. Spica crassissima, bipollicaris. Bracteæ ovato-lanceolate, membranaceæ, viscoso-pubescentes, flori- bus vix breviores et cum iis imbricate. Calyx sessilis, 8 lin. longus, inflatus, viscoso-tomentosus, inæqualiter 6-8-dentatus. Corolla pollicaris, dense tomentoso-villosa. Tubus stamineus inclusus ; filamenta corolla duplo longiora ; anthere dorso verrucosæ; pollinia in quoque loculo 4. Ovaria di p Bahia, Blanchet, n. 1684. 3. A. comosa, sp. n. (Tas. L.), ramulis petiolis nervisque foliolorum hirtellis, petiolo superne alato, foliolis biju oblongis v. oblongo-ellipticis coriaceis nitidis planis, racemt ovoideo pedunculo suo breviore. — Ramuli juniores pilis brevibus hirtelli. Petiolus bipollicaris, ala utrinque 13 lin. lata, a foliorum pari supremo usque ad medium internodii attingens, v. paullo infra extensa. Foliola ultima. 4-6 : longa, 14-24 poll.lata. Pedunculi 1y8- l | Flores fascioulAbh approximati in racemum Bracteæ patentes, ovato-oblongæ, concavæ, hirtæ, 3-4 longe. Calyx 9 lin. longus, order rufo-s llos NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, 11 Corolla angusta, calycem breviter excedens, extus villo- sissima. Filamenta corolla vix duplo longiora. Ovaria vidimus 3, adjecto rarius quarto minore. — Rio Janeiro, Tweedie, n. 1917. Plate I. Affonsea comosa; Fig. 1. Section of the corolla and staminal tube, showing the three ovaries; f. 2, ovaries; J. 3. transverse section of the same. 4. À. bullata, sp. n. ; ramulis petiolis nervisque foliolorum subtus rufo-hispidis, petiolo alato, foliolis 3-5-jugis oblongo- lanceolatis supra sparse pilosis demum glabris bullatis, spicis densis ovoideis pedunculo sublongioribus.— Arbor parva. Stipule lato-lanceolatæ, 2-3 lin. longæ. Petiolus communis 3-4-pollicaris, alis utrinque 1-14 lin. latis. Glandule parve, longe stipitate, iis Ingarum Vulpinarum similes. Foliola ultima 6-9 poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata, inter venas valde bul- lata, supra siccitate plumbeo-colorata, Pedunculi ad apices ramorum 2-4, corymboso-racemosi. Spice breviter ovoideæ. Bracteæ lato-lanceolatæ calyce vix breviores. Calyx amplus, membranaceus, hispidus. Corolla calyce paullo longior, hir- sutissima. Ovaria 2-5, et semel observavi 6. Legumen junius abortu solitare, lineare, crassum, villosissimum, circa 8-sper- mum.—Rio Janeiro, Cayley, Jurujuba Bay, Gardner, n. 750. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE FORMER PORTIONS. OF THIS PAPER. —EnrrHRoPHLRUM, Afz. — Fillea, Guillem. wt Perrot. ee E. Benth. in Hook. Journ. 4, p. 327. dos E. guineense, Don. Gen. Syst.—Fillea ententes Guill. et 5 a Perr. l. c—-I have now seen Afzelius’ specimen at the — — British RE which vea. — the nr of the two 73 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. gathered by Riedel in North Brasil, and now in the herbarium of the Imperial Academy of Saint Petersburgh all belong to a species of Parkia, very distinct from P. biglobosa, but which is probably the same as Znga filicina, Willd. T wo additional species of Parkia, P. speciosa and P. inter- — media, both from Java, are published by Hasskarl, Hort. - Bogor. p. 289, where the P. grandis, formerly so named by him, and published from his MS. in the Ratisbon Flora and in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 905, is now referred to the common P. — biglobosa, of which Javanese specimens are contained in Zollinger's collection, n. 736. PENTACLETHRA, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 330. P. filamentosa, add : Surinam, Hostmann, n. 1033.—British | Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 498, 2nd. Coll. n. 105 (53). Cailliea macrostachia, Steud. Flora, 1843, p. 759.—Legumen . fere pedale, pollicem latum, falcatum, compressum, lignosum, — suturis leviter incrassatis, faciebus longitudinaliter et uc : lineatis, basi angustatum. : P. drevifila may possibly be a mere variety of P. filamen- ^ tosa. The Acacia aspidoides, G. F. W. Mey., which I had sug- - gested might be a Piptadenia, has been referredin the British. Museum, and with reason, to Pentaclethra filamentosa. ; Enrapa, Wook. Journ. 4, p. 332. E. scandens, p. 332.—To this species belong Cine n 1260 and 1692 from the Philippine Islands. E. polystachya, p. 332.—British Guiana, Schomburg and Coll. n. 494 (767). E. polyphylla, P. PR brise Guiana, Schomburgk, m Coll. n. 604. — ^ E. Natalensis, p. 598 fee Natal, Krauss, n. 199. - E. abyssinica, (Steud. in Schimp. Pl. Abyss. exs. Sect. E n. 520), ramulis petiolisque glabris (inermibus?) pinn " 15-20-jugis, foliolis multijugis oblique linearibus obtusis glabris, spicis fructiferis axillaribus. — Mountainous tract, Schire-Dochogardi, in Abyssinia, Schimper. eni allie NOTES ON MIMOSEA. 79 to E. natalensis, but the leaflets are smaller, narrower, and much more numerous. The pod, about eight inches long and two broad, is precisely that of an Entada, though thin. E.? myriadenia, p. 333.—Acacia paniculeflora, Steud. Flora. 1843, p. 760.—Rio Negro, in North Brazil and British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 917 ; 2nd Coll. n. 852 (1474); Surinam, Hostmann, n. 152.—' The pod has not yet been received. E. Gandu, Hoffm. ex Walp. Rep. 1, p. 858, is unknown to me. PrPTADEN1A, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 334. After P. latifolia, p. 335, add: P. patens, (Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 89), scandens, ramulis petiolisque pubescentibus aculeatis, pinnis 3-4-jugis, foliolis subtrijugis obovatis glabris v. basi ciliatis, corolla calyce triplo longiore, staminibus corolla dimidio longioribus, ovario brevissime stipitato villoso.—4nga patens, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 419.— Realejo, Sinclair.—Very near P. latifolia, but the panicle larger, the flowers smaller, and the proportion of the parts somewhat different. — Ejusdem var. macrophylla ; Tiger Island, Gulf of Fonseca, Sinclair. P. guianensis, p. 335.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 799 (1433)? without fruit. The habit is nearly sd of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum. After P. filicoma, (by mistake spelt filicicoma), p. 336, add: es P. suaveolens, (Miq. Linnæa, 18, p. 589), inermis, ramulis —— : petiolisque puberulo-hirtellis, glandula in petiolo lineari E * impressa, pinnis 6-10-jugis, foliolis multijugis dimidia faleato-linearibus acutiusculis basi truncata sessilibus rigidis - * * Supra nitidis glabris subtus fuscescenti-glaucis tenerrime od appresso-puberulis sensim glabratis nervo excentrico, | I axillaribus solitariis vel geminis breviter pedunculatis tellis, floribus 4 appresse hirtellis.— Woods near jc Surinam. A tall tree with aromatic | = Kousà Uni to. ps 80 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. P. viridiflora, p. 337.—Guayaquil, Hartweg, n. 653. After P. moniliformis, p. 339, add: P. polystachya, (Miq. Linnæa, 18, p. 590), ramulis petio- lisque subtiliter subleproso-tomentellis, pinnis 3-4-jugis, — foliolis 4-7-jugis ovato- vel elliptico-lanceolatis acuminatis acumine obtuso æquilateris supra nitidis subtus fuscescenti- — bus utrinque preter nervum supra pubescentem glabris, - glandulis infra pinnas v. folia pleraque, spicis densifloris paniculatis fusco-tomentosis basi vaginato-bracteatis, calyce pubescente, corolla glabra, ovario breviter stipitato hirsuto.— Surinam, near Bergendaal.—Unknown to me. : P. peregrina, p. 340.—North Brasil and Guiana, Schom- . burgk, 1st. Coll. n. 852 and 866; 2nd Coll. n. 396 (433). P. colubrina, p. 341.—Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. n. 1105. STRYPHNODENDRON, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 341. Before S. Barbatimam, p. 342, insert : 2 S. paniculatum, (Popp. et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3, d. 81, t. 291), pinnis 2-3-jugis, foliolis 3-4-jugis ovatis acu- minatis, panicula terminali ramosa, spicis ternis.—Near Ega, on the Amazon River, Peppig. Unknown to me, but the appearance of the plant, as represented in the plate, is so much that of Piptadenia paniculata, that in the absence of the pod it ought rather to be referred to that genus. It would differ specifically from P. paniculata in the xw of the ovary and some other points. After S. discolor, p. 342, add : S. microstachyum, (Pcpp. et Endl. l. c. P 82) ie teretibus petiolisque ferrugineo-puberulis, pinnis 5-7-jugis, foliolis 8-10-jugis oblique thombeo-oblongis supra nitidis subtus glaucis minute puberulis, spicis folio 3-4-plo brevio bus.—Folia adulta fere pedalia. Foliola 6-9 lin. longa, 3-4 lin. lata, ultima obovata, cœtera obtusa, basi valde inzequalit Spice 2-3-pollicares. ^ Corolla linea brevior. Legume ignotum.—Borba on the Rio da Madeira. Riedel ; on. the Amazon, Peppig. I had named this plant in the P er burgh collection S. ineguale, sp. n., before + received the NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 81 last part of Poeppig’s work, whose description perfectly agrees with the plant before me, except that his measure- ments of the leaflets and flowers are rather smaller. S. polyphyllum, p. 342.—Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. n. 1102. ADENANTHERA, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 343. À, pavonina, p. 343.—Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 1691. ELEPHANTORRHIZA, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 344. Burke's collection from the Macalisberg district contains specimens in flower and fruit of two forms, which appear to be distinct species although itis difficult to assign positive characters to them, In the one E. Burchellü, Benth. l. c., the leaflets are generally three or more pair to each pinna, and when full grown scarcely more than 3 or 4 lines long, the flower spikes from 2 to 24 inches. In the other E. Burkei, sp. n., the leaflets are much more than twenty pair toeach pinna, and near 6 lines long, and the flower spikes 4 to 5 inches. Prosopis, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 346. Engelmann and Gray, Pl. Lindheim, p. 34, describe the fruit of P. glandulosa as having the inner lining of the carpel hardened into distinct almost bony husks round each seed, ?nd they state that there is the same structure, except that these husks are thin and paper-like in P. dulcis, whilst in the Section Strombocarpa this lining is continuous through the pod, and they suggest the adoption as distinct genera of the — sections Adenopis or true Prosopis, Algarobia, and | carpa; but striking as some of these differences in = Pod are, their adoption as generic characters would (as - in the case of the Acacie gummifere) make it necessary tO establish a separate genus for almost every species of which oe Pod is known to us, and as a whole Prosopis may be distinguished from the allied genera by the pod wl hiscent (or nearly so), with a membranous or 82 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. epicarp, a sweet fleshy continuous sarcocarp, and a mem- branous crustaceous or bony endocarp either continuous or separated into distinct articulations, thus differing from Piptadenia and Mimosa, in both of which there are species with and without transverse articulations, by the presence of the sarcocarp. P. Stephaniana, p.347.—Mesopotamia, Kotschy, n. 434; Affghanistan, Griffith, n. 1191. P. dulcis, p. 349.—Mexico, Jurgensen, n. 297; Galeotti, n. 3243; Venezuela, Funcke, n. 455. - P2 heterophylla, sp. n.; glabra, petiolis longissimis com- - planatis, pinnis 1-2-jugis v. abortivis, foliolis 12-15-jugis - oblique oblongis parvis, spicis subsessilibus folio brevioribus, — legumine plano marginibus incrassatis.—Sonora alta in - Mexico, Coulter. Although I have not seen the flower of | this plant, and the pod is thinner than usual (about 43 inch — long and 5 lines broad) the general habit of the plant is - much more that of a Prosopis than of any other genus. It - is most remarkable by the almost phyllodineous vertical - expansion of the common petiole, which is from 3 to 7 inches long, and about a line or a little more or less broad. I have seen but a single specimen in the herbarium of Trinity ps lege, Dublin. _ To the doubtful species «(probably of the section Aiga- robia) must be added P. feculifera, Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat. Par. Ser. 1, v. 9, p. 426, or Inga feculifera, Desv. in Ham. Prod. Ind. occid. p. 61. After P. strombulifera, p. 352, add : P. pubescens, sp. n.; stipulis. spinescentibus oo foliorum pinnis plerisque unijugis, foliolis 5-8-jugis oblongis obovatisve obtusis puberulis, spicis elongatis pubescentibus subinterruptis, corolla calyce duplo longiore, staminibus exsertis, antheris glanduliferis, legumine dense spiraliter contorto.—Frutex, habitu ad P. strombuliferam. accedens, inflorescentia distinctissimus. Foliorum 2-4 lin. longus, pinnæ pollicares, | takin: 3-4 lin. don ' CRE een my, ay eer ten NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 83 ultima paullo longiora. Legumen sesquipollicare, cylin- dricum, constans e cochleis 12-20 arctissime approximatis. — California between San Miguel and Monterey, Coulter. If the pods in all the Strombocarpas were like those of this species and the P. strombulifera, they might be easily charac- terised as a distinct genus; but that of P. torquata is inter- mediate between them and the Algarobas. P.? striala, sp. n.; glabra, ramulis crassis costato-striatis apice attenuato-subspinescentibus, stipulis spinescentibus re- curvis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-3-jugis oblongis, pedunculis folio longioribus, capitulis globosis, petalis glabris, ovario villoso.—Ramuli virides, nitidi, nonnulli compressi, omnes costis flavicantibus striati. Stipule parve, valde recurvæ. Folia pauca; petioli communes breves, pinnæ semipollicares v. paullo longiores; foliola 3 lin. longa, rigidula. Pedunculi solitarii v. gemini, 8-10 lin. longi. Flores virides. Calyx brevis, truncatus, minute 4-dentatus. Petala 5, omnino glabra, basi diu cohærentia. Stamina 10, corolla duplo longiora; antherarum glandula majuscula.— Port St. Helena, South America, Captain King. The pod being unknown the genus of this plant must remain doubtful. The anthers are glanduliferous as in Prosopis but there is no wool at the extremity of the petals. Dicurostacuys, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 353. D. nutans, p. 853.— Acacia -spinosa, E. Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 1, p. 170.—Mimosa sanguinea, Bruce, Trav. 5, P. 34 cum ic.—Abyssinia, Schimper, Sect. 2, n. 704; Maca- lisberg, Burke.—According to Krauss’ Flora 1844, p.359, — this is also D. caffra, Meissn. Krauss n. is however wrongly quoted 248, instead of 148 (248 being a Hypozis) and n. 326, Which is in my set without doubt the same plant, is erro- neously referred (though with a doubt) to Acacia cinerea, ce * - Spr. or D. cinerea. | N EPTUNIA, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 354. i 4 N. oleracea, p. 354.—Cordofan, Kotschy, n. quil, Hartweg, n. 654. — 84 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, Desmantuus, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 356. D. virgatus, p. 357.—Rio Teapa, South Mexico, Lindet, n. 739; Bay of Magdalena, South California, Hinds. 4 D. depressus, p. 357.—D. pratorum, Macfad. Fl. Jam. n 2 p. 311. ; After D. acuminatus, p. 357, add. D. incurvus, sp. n.; diffusus, glabriusculis, pinnis 25 jugis, foliolis 10-15-jugis, glandula parva v. deficiente, legu- — minibus falcatis hirtellis 6-8-spermis, seminibus ovatis.— : Habitus D. depressi sed legumen inter illa D. depressi et - D. brachylobi medium. Differt insupera D. acuminato, legu- — mine latiore breviore minus acuminato et pilis brevibus - consperso. Semina nunquam vidi plus quam 8 et leguminis valve inter semina obscura transverse lineata. — Mexico - between Real del Monte and Zacatecas, Coulter. | Mimosa pumila, Schlecht. Linnea, 12, p. 557 is probably : Desmanthus and from the description would appear to differ : only from D. incurvus in the breadth of the pod, which i uc stated to be 3 lines instead of 2 as in D. incurvus. om Mimosa, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 358, to 413. . M. albida, p. 360.— Acapulco, Sinclair. : M. floribunda, p. 360.—M. monilifera, Bertol.? Fl. Guatem. : p. 41.—Mexico, Galeotti, n. 3329; Linden, n. 683; New 4 Grenada, Linden, n. 1500; Santa Martha, Purdie; Guaya- : quil, Hinds, Sinclair. : M. rixosa, p. 361. —M. violacea, Bonpl, ?—Walp. ? Rep. p. 905. After which add : = M. Hostmanni, sp. n.; aculeis retrorsis parvis raris, rami petiolisque ferrugineo-hirsutis pubescentibusque, foliolis ( lique obovali-oblongis obtusis mucronulatis utrinque strigo pilosis, pedunculis capitulo duplo longioribus, bracte corollas subæquantibus, legumine recto vix acuminato undi dense ferrugineo-setoso.—A ffinis M. rixose sed legum minus, setis minus rigidis, in faciebus creberrimis, marg zi libus fere minoribus.—Surinam, Hostmann, n. 1933.5. M. notata, Steud. Flora 1843, P. 158, belonging to NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 85 section is insufficiently described and unknown to me.— Surinam, Hostmann, n. 1205. M. platyphylla, sp. n.; suffruticosa, inermis, undique setis rufis hirsutissima, foliolis oblique obovatis obtusis utrinque hirsutis, pedunculis capitulo longioribus, bracteolis elongatis subulatis setoso-hispidis.— Species foliolorum amplitudine insignis. Caules sesquipedales, erecti. Foliola 2-23 poll. longa, 15-20 lin. lata, crassiuscula; intimum minimum v. nullum. Capitula numerosa. Bracteolæ 2-21 lin. longæ.— Camapua in Brasil, Riedel, a single specimen in the Imperial Herbarium, St. Petersburgh. M. paniculata, p. 362 is an error of the press, it should be M. pauciseta. After M. angusta, p. 362 add : M. gymnoioma, sp. n.; suffruticosa, inermis, glaberrima, foliolis oblique linearibus marginatis nudis, bracteolis corollas Subsuperantibus.— Caulis erectus, strictus. Foliola majora 3 poll longa, vix 23 poll. lata, in altero specimine multo minora sed angustiora quam in M. angusta et minime ciliata. Capitula bracteolis eminentibus echinata. — Camapua in . Brasil, Riedel. : |. After M. viva, p. 363, add : M. Skinneri, sp. n.; herbacea, humilis, diffusa, aculeis . infrastipularibus rectiusculis geminis, caule petiolis peduncu- g lisque longe patenti-pilosis, stipulis lanceolatis, pinnis petiolo . Subbrevioribus, foliolis 4-8-jugis oblique obovali-oblongis . Supra glabris subtus longe pilosis, pedunculis axillaribus _ . Petiolos æquantibus, capitulis globosis, calyce minuto, legu- : minis articulis 3-4 stellato-puberulis medio nudis, margine _ Setoso.—Herbula vix M. viva major, sed hirsutie aliisque - . Characteribus abunde distincta. Pili caulis et foliorum longi 3 rufescentes.— Cuesta of Leone, Guatemala, Skinner. _ M. dominiciana (Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat. Par. Ser. 1, v. 9, xm P. 424) aculeata, pinnis unijugis, petiolis petiolulisque acu- leatis, foliolis 4-jugis dimidiatis late ovatis cordatis margine Strigosis utrinque sparse strigosis demum nudis.—Dominica nknown to me. : du POR EE 86 NOTES ON MIMOSEZE. M. schrankioides, sp. n.; aculeis uncinatis retrorsis nu- merosis, ramis striatis petiolisque hirsutis, stipulis subulatis, pinnis petiolo sæpius longioribus, foliolis 12-20-jugis oblongo- linearibus acutiusculis tenuiter marginatis ciliatis utrinque molliter adpresse villosis, bracteolis corolla subbrevioribus, . calyce minuto longe ciliato, leguminibus dense setoso-hispidis. - Rami adsunt elongati, striis aculeisque Schranckiam refe- | rentes. Petioli communes sesquipollicares, uti partiales - aculeati. Foliola semipollicaria v. paullo longiora, presertim — subtus villosa. Pedunculi in racemum terminalum dispositi, - i-l-pollicares. Capitula parva. Bracteole longe ciliate. - Corollæ tenues, vix lineam longe. Stamina 4. Ovarium | subsessile, villosulum. Legumina juniora setis densissime - obtecta, sed formam nondum ostendunt.—British Guiana, . Schomburgk, 2nd. Coll. n. 470 (765). Allied to M. retrorsa. — M. pudica, p. 367.—M. striatostipula, Steud. Flora, 1843, - p- 758.—Java, Zollinger, n. 263; Surinam, Hostmann, n. 6275 — British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd. Coll. n. 508 (788). The — latter is a slender form, smoother than usual and with smaller leaflets and pods, but not otherwise differing from the - species which is very variable. It is probably this form that - Martius designated as M. Endymionis. : M. polydactyla, P- ser —M. Glocker, Meisn. Pl. a espoir ; M. dispersa, p. 369, othe waist plant as M. Airsuta, Spr. Syst. 2, p. 204, which latter name must be substituted fot mine. It was gathered. by Riedel at Cujaba and Camapua. s: M. marginata, p. 371.—Maldonado, Rio Plata, M. hirsutissima, p. 378, suffruticosa, inermis, caule € rect subsimplici setis patentibus hirsutissimo, pinnis unijugis subsessilibus, foliolis 15-25-jugis lineari-oblongis acutiuscul supra glabris subtus. setosis, racemo terminali foliato, capi- tulis pedunculatis ovatis; bracteolis corolla subbrevioribu pilosissimis.— St. Paul, Riedel (Herb. Acad. Petrop.) - M. subsericea, p. 380, var minus — pape brevi St. Paul, Riedel. - Before M. pogocephala, p. 382, insert: NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 87 M. eriophylla, sp. n.; ramulis longe et dense lanatis, stipulis lato-lanceolatis, petiolo brevissimo, foliolis 10-15- jugis late falcato-oblongis acutiusculis utrinque adpresse villosis pilis subtus longis sublanatis, capitulis globosis villo- sissimis, bracteolis corollam æquantibus, calyce minuto v. obsoleto.—Affinis M. pogocephale sed lana densior, foliola majora (8-10 lin. longa, 3-4 lin. lata) crassiora, densius vil- losa, forma illa M. dolentis affiniumque referentia, sed non marginata et indumentum (etsi densius) Eriocaulium. Capi- tula racemosa; pedunculi breves, uti rhachis crassi, dense lanati. Bracteole longe ciliatæ.—Province of St. Paul, Riedel. M. Schomburgkii, p. 390.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd. Coll. n. 313 (497). After M. interrupta, add the eight following species : M. hebecarpa, sp. n.; inermis?, ramulis petiolisque ferru- gineo-pubescentibus, stipulis subulatis, pinnis 20-25-jugis, foliolis multijugis oblique oblongis parvis crassiusculis de- mum glabratis, spicis longis densis, rachide villosa, floribus tetrameris ovariisque hispidis, legumine lineari plano undique villoso inermi y. ad margines rarissime aculeolato.—Arbor biorgyalis et altior. Rami tortuosi, pube densa demum derasa. . Folia in specimine juvenilia 3-pollicaria. Foliola adulta . perpauca vidi, vix lineam longa. Spice crasse 2-4-polli- . cares. Legumina forme M. acutistipule, sed undique ol: . liter villosa.—On the Rio Pardo, Brasil, Riedel. E M.? millefoliata, (Scheele, Linnæa 17, p. 337), ramis ang. . latis, pubescentibus aculeis sparsis compressis recurvatis, pe- tiolis tomentosis aculeatis, glandula subulata ad basin petiolis, . pinnis 12-15-jugis, foliolis- 20-30-jugis imbricatis linearibus _ ciliatis, pedunculis tomentosis aculeatis, spicis cylindriceis 1 elongatis folium zequantibus. — Minas Geraes, Hartieben. ——— [ Unknown to me, the flowers are not described, the po . unknown, and no reference made to whose limitation of the genus the writer had in view, whilst the subulate gl probably some mistake. Itis a great. misfortune that perienced Minore: dept ed of the 88 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. library or herbarium, should by imperfect descriptions of species inundate the science with puzzles. M. fasciculata, aculeis sparsis geminisve, ramulis petiolisque villoso-pubescentibus, stipulis linearibus, pinnis sub-15-jugis, foliolis 9-14-jugis dimidiato-oblongis utrinque pubescentibus, spicis cylindraceis densis, floribus 5-4-meris hirtis, ovario villoso.— Acacia fasciculata, Kunth. Mim. p. 75, t. 23.— Guanaxuato, Humboldt and Bonpland. Unknown to me. M. zantholasia, sp. n. ; inermis?, ramis petiolisque pubes- centibus, stipulis anguste lanceolato-subulatis, pinnis sub-7- jugis, foliolis multijugis dimidiato-oblongis subfalcatis utrin- que adpresse puberulis, spicis tenuibus laxiusculis, floribus — tetrameris subglabris, ovario glabro.— Pubes ramulorum — petiolorumque densa, flavescens. Spice fere M. leiocarpe. Calyx membranaceus, laxus. Corolla late infundibuliformis, - calyce triplo longior (1lin. longa). Stamina corolla 3-4-plo longiora.—Venezuela, Funcke, n. 383. M. puberula, sp. n.; inermis, pube minuta pallens, stipulis subulatis, pinnis 5-10-jugis, foliolis 15-20-jugis oblique ob- — longis crassiusculis pallidis, spicis cylindricis densis, floribus - 4-5-meris glabriusculis, ovario pubescente.—Foliola rigidula — 2-24 lin. longa, 1 lin. lata. Spice subsesquipollicares, bre- - vissime pedunculate. Flores membranacei. Corolla 1 lin. | longa, late infundibuliformis. Stamina vix triplo longo Zimapan in Mexico, Coulter. | M. adenantheroides, ramulis puberulis sulcato-striatis aculeis sparsis validis uncinatis, pinnis sub-9-jugis, stipulis anguste lanceolato-subulatis, foliolis 8-10-jugis ovato-oblongis dimidiatis obtusiusculis utrinque puberulis subtus pallidis, spicis tenuibus laxiusculis, floribus puberulis 4-5-meris, ovario puberulo.—Acacia adenantheroides, Mart. et Gal. Bull. Acad. Bruss. 10, pars 2, p. 312. Ramuli insigniter sulcati. Foliola et pinne inter se distantia. Foliola 3-5 lin. long’ circa 2 lin. lata basi valde obliqua, discolora. Spice 1-13 pollicares. Flores linea paullo MC Mak, Galeot n. 3208. on M. remota, sp. n. ; undique pube minai pallens v. car NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 89 cans, inermis?, pinnis 2-4-jugis remotis, stipulis anguste lan- ceolato-subulatis, foliolis 5-7-jugis oblique ovatis oblongisve obtusiusculis utrinque puberulis concoloribus, spicis tenuibus laxis, floribus 4-5-meris ovariisque puberulis. Affinis M. ade- nantheroidi, sed aculei in specimine nulli, pinnæ et foliola pauciora et heec utrinque nec subtus tantum candicantia.— Mexico, Galeotti, n. 3240. M. guatemalensis, (Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 89), undique molliter villosa, aculeis sparsis rectis v. vix uncinatis, pinnis 3-4-jugis, stipulis lanceolatis angustis, foliis 3-6-jugis oblique ovali-oblongis supra breviter subtus longe villosis, spicis cylindricis densis, floribus pentameris villosis, ovario pube- rulo.—Ramuli, petioli, foliola, spice, omnia pube ferrugineo- flavicante vestita, pilis in pagina inferiore foliolorum lon- gioribus appressis. Foliola 6-10 lin. longa, 2-4 lin. lata. Spicæ pollicares v. paullo longiores, longiuscule pedunculate, Flores lineam longi, calyce amplo dimidium corollæ superante. Bracteole vix flore breviores. Stamina 10 (nec sub-20).— Inga guatemalensis, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 419.— Realejo, Sinclair ; Tepic, Barclay, Coulter. Before M. gus p. 394, insert : M. leucenoides, n. sp. ; inermis, ramulis petiolisque minute ferrugineo-puberulis, stipulis minutis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 2-4-jugis obovatis subrhombeisve obtusissimis glabris v. minute puberulis coriaceis venosis nitidis, capitulis axillari- bus pedunculatis globosis, floribus tetrameris, legumine lineari minute puberulo v. glabrato nitidulo.—Foliola magni- tudine varia, maxima pollicem longa et lata, pleraque tamen minora et proportione angustiora, Capitulaiis M. Ceratonie paullo majora, flores cæterum subsimiles. Legumen 2-23 — poll longum, leviter incurvum, 3 lin. puo eri in Mexico, Coulter. xad M. obovata, p. 394.—Frutex scandens, floribus abies LN oe maritimis Bahia, Lushnath. | : ; M. sepiaria, p. 395.— Bahia, Glocker, n. 158. After M. oligacantha, p. 395, add: > ^. M. detinens, sp. n.; fond ee ae de VOL, V. . : 90 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. cens, glaucescens, aculeis uncinatis sparsis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 4-6-jugis oblique oblongis obtusis parvis glaucis, capitulis globosis axillaribus pedunculatis, bracteolis parvis, floribus tetrameris, legumine glabro stipitato nudo.—Ramuli et folia pube minutissima sub lente vix conspicua glauces- centia v. glabrata. Stipulæ obsolete. Folia fere M. depau- peratæ ; pinna vix 4 lin., foliola vix 2 lin. longa. Legu- mina glaucescentia, glabra, 1-2 poll. longa, 4-5 lin. lata. Flores fere Acanthocarparum. Stamina nonnulla sepe abor- tiunt, e£ raro omnia 8 perfecte antherifera.— True Agorro- vato or Grip-the-goat, a name given to most spring plants in Cordova and St. Jago, but the spines of this being most hooked, hold the best. Tweedie, n. 1251. M. rubicaulis, p. 395.—Affghanistan, Griffith, n. 1188. M. asperata, p. 400.—Bahia, Glocker, n. 178, this is the very hispid form, one of the commonest in South America and correctly determined to be the M. pellita, Kunth. though not distinguishable as a species. : M. microcephala, p. 401.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, — 2nd. Coll. n. 524 (814). M. camporum, p. 403, grows also in Surinam (Miquel). After which add the three following: M. flaviseta, (sp. n.), decumbens ?, aculeis tenuissimis raris, caule petiolisque setis longis patentibus hispidis, stipulis lanceolato-setaceis, pinnis 3-4-jugis, foliolis 19-30-jugis ob- longis longe setoso-ciliatis glabriusculis, capitulis ovatis. breviter piditsulx setoso-hispidissimis, bracteolis corollas superantibus, calyce minuto.— Affinis M. camporum, sed setis longis flavidis crebris insignis, quarum nonnulle hinc inde validiores fere aculeiformes; foliola etiam breviora, propor- tione latiora, capitula majora, longius pedunculata et multo hispidiora. Legumen junius densissime setoams Sarina Hostmann, n. 813. A: M. eschynomenis, (Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 89), PS procumbens, inermis, caule petiolisque setoso-hispidis, sti- pulis ovato-cordatis lanceolatisve acuminatis, pinnis 3-6-jugis foliolis 10-30-jugis s o ones ph ul LI NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 91 capitulis parvis brevissime pedunculatis, bracteolis lanceo- latis corollam superantibus, legumen oblongo 1-2-articulato vix obliquo undique setoso.—Hæc etiam affinis est M. cam- porum, sed hispidior, omnino inermis, stipule latiores, bracteæ longiores.—Realejo, Hinds, Sinclair. M. pusilla, (Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 90), herbacea, annua, inermis, caule petiolisque hispidis, stipulis ovatis acutius- culis, pinnis 1-3-jugis, foliolis 6-15-jugis oblongis ciliatis, capitulis breviter pedunculatis parvis paucifloris, bracteolis lato-lanceolatis ciliatis corollas æquantibus, legumine oblongo l-2-articulato vix obliquo undique setoso.—Caules tenues graciles 4-6-pollicares. Capitula dimidio fere minora et tota planta minus hispida quam in M. æschynominis.—Realejo, Hinds. ä After M. antrorsa, p. 403, add: M. adenotricha, sp. n., suffruticosa, ramis teretibus, petio- lisque pilis glanduliferis et pube breviore hirsutis, aculeis sparsis parvis antrorsum uncinatis, pinnis 6-8-jugis, foliolis 10-15-jugis parvis oblongis subtus margineque hispidis, racemo terminali, capitulis globosis, bracteolis corollam æquantibus, calyce parvo ciliato, legumine oblongo undique adpresse et rigide hispido.—Species cum M. antrorsa convenit aculeis sursum nec deorsum uncinatis et habitus subsimilis, sed indumento, numero pinnarum et foliolorum, etc., abunde differt. Legumen (quod non nisi junius vidi) ite brevius videtur, fere Pachycarpium.— Serra da Lapa, Brasil, Riedel. After M. setosa, p. 404, add : : -M. Riedeli, sp. n. ; setis raris pubeque brevi asie | rima, pinnis 15-20-jugis, foliolis oblique ovatis oblongisve ciliatis glabriusculis coriaceis, racemo elongato polycephalo - ramoso, capitulis hispidis pedunculatis, bracteolis corollas | subæquantibus, calyce minuto longe ciliato.—Frutex 2-3- pedalis. Stipule late. Sete v. hirsuties in inflorescentia - x longiuscule creberrimæ flavidæ, in petiolis. breviores - r diores, in caule demum ad scabritiem reductæ. . phe: 9: Pollicaria. Foliola 2 lin. longa, arcte approxima ida siccitate - ei Panicula nS 92 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ, aphyllus, oblongo-pyramidatus, capitulis numerosis quam in affinibus paullo minoribus.— Serra da Chapada, Brasil, . Riedel. After M. pachycarpa, p. 406, or perhaps next to M. mollis, p. 408, add : M. Galeottii, fruticosa, ramulis petiolisque setoso-hispi- dissimis, aculeis caulinis infrastipularibus geminis recurvis petiolaribus nullis v. raris sparsis, pinnis 15-25-jugis, foliolis 15-20-jugis minimis glabris ciliatis, pedunculis axillaribus folio brevioribus, capitulis ellipticis, bracteolis minutis, floribus 4-5-meris, calycibus corolla dimidio brevioribus, legumine lato-lineari glanduloso-puberulo suturis aculeato- setosis valvulis subnudis integris.—Acacia hirta, Mart. et Gal. Bull. Acad. Bruss. 10, pars. 2, p. 318.— Folia et sete Pachycarparum, coeterum M. acanthocarpe affinis.—Mexico, Galeotti, n. 3165. ! M. lucidula, p. 407.—M. Kermesina, Otto et Dietr.— Walp. Rep. 1, p. 883. After M. quitensis, p. 408, add : a M. acantholoba (Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 90), fruticosa, 3 ramulis puberulis, aculeis sparsis recurvis, stipulis setaceis, pinnis 4-10-jugis, foliolis 15-30-jugis oblongo-linearibus — subtus pubescentibus, pedunculis axillaribus folio brevioribus. superioribus racemosis, capitulis globosis, bracteis minutis, | foribus 4-5-meris, calycibus corolla quadruplo brevioribüs, ovario villoso, legumine membranaceo oblongo vel late lineari-falcato puberulo margine leviter aculeato.— Acacia acantholoba, Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1089. — Guayaquil, Humboldt and Bonpland, Hinds. After M. biuncifera, p. 409, add: M. tenuiflora, sp. n. ; glabra, aculeis caulinis infrastipulari- 1 bus geminis recurvis parvis, petiolaribus sparsis minutis v. nul- lis, stipulis setaceis, pinnis 1-3-jugis, foliolis 6-8-jugis oblique oblongis, pedunculis folio sublongioribus superioribus race- mosis, capitulis globosis, bracteis minutis, floribus 4-5-meris corolla calyce 4-plo longiore.—Habitu M. depauperate su | similis. Capitula numerosa. Flores ab affinibus differunt NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 93 calyce minuto, corolla tenui fere 14 lin. longa.— Zimapan in Mexico, Coulter. M. depauperata, p. 410.— Acacia canescens, Mart. Gal. in Bull. Acad. Bruss. 10, pars 2, p. 314.—Mexico, Galeotii, n. 3214. M. polyantha, p. 410.—Either the same species or one closely allied to, it was gathered by Coulter with the Prosopis pubescens between San Miguel and Monterey in California. After this add: : M. laxiflora, sp. n.; glabra, pallescens, aculeis sparsis recurvis raris, stipulis minutis setaceis, pinnis remotis 2-3- jugis, foliolis remotis 3-6-jugis oblique oblongis, spicis laxis cylindricis, floribus breviter pedicellatis glabris 4-meris, calyce corolla tri-quadruplo breviore.—Affinis videtur hinc M. re- mote inter Rubicaulibus, hinc M. polyanthe inter Acantho- carpis, et fructu ignoto locus incertus. Ramuli graciles. Petioli communes tenues, 5-3-pollicares, Foliola parva, pauca. Spice brevissime pedunculatæ, pollicares v. paullo longiores.—Sonora alta, Mexico, Coulter. To the Mimose unknown to me, must be added M. ar- cuata, Mart. et Gal. from Mexico; M. dominiciana, Desv. from Dominica. Of the Species dubie addende of Walpers, Repert 1, p. 882. M. glaberrima is my Albizzia glaberrima; M. adianthifolia, Schum, must be a Zygia and M. guinensis an Albizzia; M. pentagona is scarcely sufficiently known to determine the _ genus; M. procumbens, Schum. has been referred in a former E part of this paper to M. asperata, M. bicolor, Schum. to Dichrostachys nutans and M. adstringens, Schum. to Acacia Adansoni ; M. pumila, Schlecht. is, as above suggested, pro- - = bably a Tesi, M. Kermesina is my M. lucidula ; M. meticulosa, Mart. is included among the true Mimose P 5s M. adherens referred to Acacia adherens and M. acacioides Benth. to Piptadenia peregrina, so that a very little attention on the part of the compiler might have reduced considerably these “Species dubi." cx M. monilifera, probably M. cn cung 94 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. SCHRANCKIA, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 413. After S. rhodostachya, p. 414, add : S. glabra, sp. n. ; ramulis angulatis foliisque glabris, pinnis 8 10-jugis, foliolis multijugis linearibus glabris margine sub- ciliatis, spicarum rhachidibus puberulis.—Aculei numerosi, uncinati. Petioli communes 2-3-pollicares; pinnæ 14-2 poll. foliola 2-3 lin. longa, venis inconspicuis. Stipellæ minute. Sete inter pinnas obsolete. Spice pedunculate, lax, 1-1}-pollicares. Flores glabriusculi, breviter pedicel- late. Bracteole parvæ. Calyx vix } lin. longus. Corolla linea paullo longior. Stamina corolla 4-5-plo longiora.— New Granada, Linden, n. 1501. S. brachycarpa, p. 415.—Rio Negro, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 903; Mexico, Galeotti, n. 3328; Zacuapan, Linden. . S. leptocarpa, p. 415.—Rio Negro and British Guiana, — Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 931; 2nd Coll. n. 380 (645), as well — as I could judge from he fragments I received; Bahia, - Glocker, n. 154. p S. elata, Mart. et Gal. Bull. Acad. Bruss. 10, pars 2, p. 309, (Mexico, Galeotti, n. 3193) is unknown to me. LEUCÆNA, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 416. L. glauca, p. 416.—Java, Tg n. 175; Bahia, Glocker, n. 169. ' L. diversifolia, p. 417 acddqueln esculenta, Mart. et Gal. Bull Acad. Bruss. 10, pars 2, p. 314 non DC.—Mexico, Galeotti, n. 3226. After which add: ; L. Forsteri, pinnis 12-51-jugis, foliolis multijugis oblongo- linearibus approximatis obliquis, calyce petalis paullo breviore; antheris glabris. — Mimosa glandulosa, Forst. Prod. —Acacia insularum, Guillem. Ann. Sc. Nat. Par. Ser 2, v. 7; uen —Taiti. | After L. trichodes, p. 417, add the two Viollsing: : L. canescens (Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 117), tota pube brevi canescens, pinnis 1 2-jugis, foliolis. 2-3-jugis singes ovatis NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 95 obtusis amplis, pedunculis confertis axillaribus racemosisve capitulo longioribus.—Guayaquil, Hartweg, n. 655. L. macrophylla (Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 90), glabra, pinnis 2-3-jugis, foliolis 2-4-jugis ovato-acuminatis acutis amplis, pedunculis capitulo subbrevioribus fasciculatis in racemos axillares terminalesque dispositis.—Acapulco, Hinds. Acacia, Lond. Journ. v. 1, p. 318 to 392 and 494 to 528. In the Plante Preissianæ sixteen new species belonging to the PAyllodinee and two to the Pulchelle are described by Meissner, who has also added many important observations and descriptions to species already known of those two divisions; but as that work is indispensable for the study of South-West Australian plants, it is unnecessary to insert these species here. Besides these, A. rotundifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4041 is closely allied to A. undulefolia, p. 346; A. erythropus, Ten. Walp. Rep. 2, p. 906 is probably A. denti- fera, p. 363, A. uniglandulosa, Seem. et Schm. Flora 1844, p. 495 is A. platyptera, p. 324, and amongst the Botry- cephala, A. chrysobotrys, Meissn. Walp. Rep. 2, p. 906, is said to be near A. spectabilis, p. 383 and A. Sieberiana, Scheele Linnæa 17, p. 337 is probably a variety of A. discolor, p. 384. A. tortuosa, p. 392.—To this very variable species may be added the following synonyms and stations, Mimosa salina- rum, v. Rohr. with the station Jamaica “ ad salinas," but not — agreeing with Vahl's description; Gallipagos Islands, Darwin, — Scouler. The M. tortuosa of Jacquin appears to be ted —— Farnesiana. +. A. Farnesiana, p. 494, amongst the ra ose de may be quoted Brasil, Martius, n. 1099, Gardner, n. 9775 . Surinam, Hostmann, n. 353; Texas, Berlandier, n. 1369, 1466 ; Java, Zollinger, n. 725, etc. A. Cavenia, p. 495.—Mexico, Coulter; Gellipagos, A. adenopa, Hook. et Arn.? Bot. Misc. 3, p. 206. — A. —: p A 499. — Vaal - a = ap; 96 NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. (Macalisberg) Burke.—Legumen 3 poli. longum, 1 pol. latum, crassissimum coriaceum extus flavo tomentosum. et oblique striatum, intus pulpa cellulosa demum evanescente cavum. A. arabica, p. 500, B Kraussiana, Macalisberg, Burke; ò. indica.—Affghanistan, Griffith, n. 1189, 1190. A. robusta, p. 501.— Rhinoster Kop and Macalisberg, Burke.—Legumen 3 poll. longum, fere pollicem latum, rectum v. leviter falcatum, planum, demum convexum, coria- ceum, glabrum, rete venarum a medio ad latera obliquarum notatum, basi in stipitem brevem angustatum. An huc A. Natalitia, E. Mey. After this add the three following. species : D A. pterygocarpa, (Hochst. in Schimp. Pl. Abyss. exse Sect 2. n. 1036), ramulis petiolisque albido-flavicantibus pilosulis, spinis subulato-conicis rectis v. leviter recurvis, glandulis parvis paucis, pinnis 3-4-jugis, foliolis 8-12-jugis oblongo-linearibus obtusis pallidis glabris, pedunculis tomen- — tosis versus medium bracteatis, legumine rectiusculo lato- lineari pubescente valvulis tenuiter coriaceis medio convexis oblique lineatis margine tenuibus.—Primo intuitu A. nubicam — refert, sed foliola et pinnz pauciora et pubes rarior. Legu- men 2j poll. longum, 6 lin. latum, basi in stipitem breve latum angustatum.—Abyssinia, Schimper. 3 A. æiphocarpa (Hochst. Pl. Schimp. exs. Sect. 2, n. 522), ramulis sulcatis petiolisque dilatatis rubentibus glabris v. minute puberulis, spinis parvis conicis subrecurvis nunc . Obsoletis, pinnis 15-30-jugis, glandulis parvis foliolis, 20-40- - jugis linearibus glabriusculis, pedunculis puberulis infra medium bracteatis, floribus glabris, legumine lato, lineari sub- falcato plano-convexo oblique lineato scabriusculo.— Habitus | ` et inflorescentia A. horride et A. robuste, pinnis folio- lisque numerosis facile distincta. Folia in specimine com- - pacto fructifero (A. wiphocarpa, Hochst.) vix 3 poll. longa, pinnis 9 lin. foliolis 1 lin. longis, in ramo vegetiore florifero - (A. amythethophylla, Hochst. Pl. Schimp. Sect. 2, n. 887), ad eandem speciem meo sensu pertinente, 8-9 poll. longa ; NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. 97 pinnis 1-3 poll. foliolis 2-3 lin. longis. Legumen fere A. robuste.—Abyssinia, Schimper.” A. abyssinica, (Hochst. Pl. Schimp. exs. Sect. 3, n. 1813), ramulis petiolisque molliter villosis, spinis brevibus conicis tomentosis, pinnis 6-15-jugis, glandulis scutelleformibus, foliolis 20-30-jugis linearibus ciliato-puberulis, pedunculis pubescentibus supra basin bracteatis capitulo paullo lon- gioribus.—Habitu A. £omentose similis, sed foliola nume- rosiora et pedunculi breviores et huc pertinere videntur specimina fructifera Inge Nefasie, Hochst. Pl. Schimp. Sect. 2, n. 940, quibus legumen fere A. xiphocarpe sed rectius et crassius.— Abyssinia, Schimper. No. 382 of the 1st Section referred to this plant by Hochstetter belongs to a very dif- ferent species, at least in Sir W. Hooker’s set, and is either À. gummifera or a species very nearly allied to it. A. Seyal. p. 501.—A. Raddiana, Savi. Arch. Bot. 1, p. 373, —var villosior, leguminibus puberulis demum crassioribus. — À. spirocarpa, Hochst. Pl. Schimp. exs. Sect. 2, n. 502 et 612.—A byssinia, Schimper. A. horrida, p. 502.—A. capensis, Burch. Trav. b p- 189; Colla Mem. Tor. 35, p. 175. A. Natalitia, p. 502.—Port Natal, Krauss, n. 66.—This is probably the same species as A. robusta, Burch., which being the older name should be adopted. When in flower it is difficult to distinguish the specimens from those of A. hor- rida, but the broad pod is very different. It appears to remain flat till ripe when it becomes thick and convex as in - Drége's specimens of A. clavigera, E. Mey. "e. *A. Hindsii, p. 504.— Mexico, Jurgensen, n. 169. A. albida, p. 505.—A. gyrocarpa, Hochst. Pl. Schimp. ; Abyss. exs. Sect. 2, n. 1333 is this species with the que x curved into a complete spire. zs After A. detinens, p. 508, add the two following species : E s aculeis geminis ternisve, infrastipularibus recurvis, infraf liaceo minore v. nullo, petiolo aculeato, glandulis min pinnis RS foliolis Feju us to- A. feros, Sp. n., ramulis junioribus petiolisque villosis, c t 98 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. obtusissimis, capitulis subglobosis brevissime pedunculatis, legumine oblongo v. lato-lineari membranaceo oligospermo. —Macalisberg, Burke. A. Burkei, (sp. n.) ; ramulis junioribus petiolisque villosis, aculeis infrastipularibus geminis recurvis, petiolo inermi, pinnis 3-6-jugis, foliolis 5-8-jugis oblique oblongis obtusius- culis, spicis fasciculatis laxis folio sublongioribus, calycibus subsessilibus puberulis dentato-lobatis corollæ dimidium æquantibus, legumine membranaceo ?—Macalisberg, Burke. A. modesta, p. 508.—Affghanistan, Griffith, n. 1186, and apparently 1187. After A. leta, p. 508, add: L^ A. venosa, (Hochst. Pl. Schimp. exs. Sect. 2, n. 524), glabra, pallida v. glauca, aculeis infrastipularibus geminis minutis raris v. nullis, petiolo inermi, pinnis 4-5-jugis, foliolis 6-8-jugis oblique oblongis obtusiusculis, spicis axilla- —— ribus (laxis?) legumine longe et late lineari membranaceo - glabro.— Similis A. /efe, sed pinnæ et foliola numerosiora, _ hec 3-4 lin. longa et legumen (fere Albizzie) senti E po pollicem latum.—Abyssinia, Schimper. The specimens n. 898 of Schimper’s second section, … without flowers or fruit, appear to belong to some Acacia — allied to A. lenticularis. — * A. Catechu, p. 510.—I am unable to distinguish from this — species the A. erythrantha, Steud. in Schimp. Pl. Abyss. exs. Sect. 2, n. 1120, A. hecatophylla, Steud. L. c. Sect. 2, n. 884, and A. campylacantha, Hochst. |. c. n. 639 and 893, all from Abyssinia. A. caffra, p. 509, which can scarcely be distinguislfed from A. Catechu, but by the narrower pod, was gathered in several places about Macalisberg by Burke. After A. atavacantha, p. 511, add: p A. eriadenia, (sp.n.), aculeis sparsis rectis recarvisque raris, ramulis petiolisque tomentoso-villosis, stipulis mem- branaceis semicordatis acuminatis villosis, pinnis 6-10-jugis, glandulis petiolaribus 1-2 jugalibusque paucis elevato-conicis, villosis, foliolis cirea 20-jugis oblique linearibus utrinque NOTES ON MIMOSEZÆ. 99 adpresse pilosulis, spicis elongatis laxiusculis supremis race- mosis, floribus subsessilibus glabris, calyce corolla dimidio breviore.— Crocodile River, (Macalisberg), Burke. A. Acallensis, p. 513.—Zimapan, Coulter, after which add: A. sericea, (Mart. Gal. in Bull. Acad. Bruss. 10, pars. 2, p- 311), arborea, canescenti-villosa, stipulis setaceis rigidis subpungentibus, caule cœterum inermi, petioli glandulis cu- puliformibus, pinnis 3-6-jugis, foliolis multijugis linearibus acutiusculis utrinque canescenti-villosis, spicis axillaribus elongatis densis fasciculatis subracemosisque, floribus sessili- bus villosis, calyce corolla parum breviore.— Mexico, Galan, n. 3345. À. pennata, p. 516. To thesynonyms of this species must be added A. amblyocarpa, Wall. Cat. n. 5260. A. Clausseni, p. 518. Gardner's number should be 1281, not 1821. À. paniculata, p. 519.— Schomburgk's specimens, 2nd Coll. n. 299 (586) belong to the same species as the St. Lucia specimen I had considered as probably the A. panicu- lata of Willd., and distinguished from A. Martii, of which it has the foliage, by the much smaller heads of flowers. The species, however, of this group run so much into one another that it is very difficult to determine them without good specimens in flower and fruit. A. Westiana, 520.— British us, — 2nd. Coll. n. 495 (768). À. polyphylla, p. 520.—British Guiana, Sehominrghy, 2nd Coll. n. 493 (763). À. striata, p. 521.—Bogota, Hartweg, n. 963. — À. hirsuta, p. 524.—A, elegans, Mart. Gall. Bull. ME. T Bruss. 10, pars. 2, p. 312.—Mexico, Galeotti, n. 3203.—A. e elegans, Schlecht. — 12, 22 569, appears to ben : a p in nearer À. glabrata, pe ni insignis, — Ga. 1. à gea nd n. NOR appears to be this FPES 4 100 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. collection, with glandular dots scattered on some of the petioles (not the ordinary petiolar glands) belong probably to Schlechtendahl’s species, which is scarcely distinct from A. glabrata. Amongst the “Species a Benthamio omnino neglecto," enumerated by Walpers Rep. 1, p. 922, are included the following, which a little attention would have enabled him to find in the papers copied by him. , A. uncinata, under A. undulefolia, Lond. Journ. 1, p. 346. À. prominens, Lond. Journ. 1, p. 357. A. insularum, referred to Leucena, Lond. Journ. 1, p. 527. À. pentadenia, Lond. Journ. 1, p. 386. À. acutistipula, under Mimosa acutistipula, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 391. 7 A. filicoma, under Piptadenia filicoma, Hook. Journ. 4, p. 336. i A. Campbelli is only given by Arnott as a variety of A. Roxburghii, Lond. Journ. 1, p. 498. À. furcata, Lond. Journ. 1, p. 523. A. stipellata, under A. umbellulifera, Lond. Journ. 1 | p. 524. c Of those which had escaped me, or were published after my papers were written, A. semiverticillata is probably the same as A. verticillata, A. spathulata, Tausch is A. longifolia, — A. capensis, Colla, is A. horrida, A. Raddiana does not — appear to differ from A. Seyal, A. adenopa, Hook. et Arn. — (not adenocarpa), is probably A. Cavenia, and the remainder - are not sufficiently described to enable me to form any opinion respecting their affinities. Of the Acaciæ described by Martius and Galeotti, A. sericea is inserted above, A. gracilis is Calliandra formosa, | A. elegans, is A. hirsuta, A. adenantheroides is Mimosa ade- nantheroides, À. cylindriflora, A. ferox, A. mollicula, and À. lanata, are unknown to me, A. canescens is Mimosa depau- perata, A. insignis is A. glabrata, A. rubescens is Calliandra, — xalapensis, A. media is Calliandra angelica, A. obliquifolia is Pithecolobium dulce and A. hirta is Mimosa Galleottii. - NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 101 Four additional Acaciæ are inserted in the 2nd vol. of Walp. Rep. p. 906. Of these A. rotundifolia is above mentioned as close to A. undulata. A. leucophylla will be found quoted under A. pendula, Lond. Journ. 1, p. 336. A. erythropus is probably A. dentifera, A. chrysobotrys must be placed next to A. spectabilis. A. rufa, Hassk. Hort. Bog. p. 290, is Albizzia rufa, described below. A. paniculiflora, Steud. Flora, 1843, p. 760, is my Entada ? myriadenia. ALBIZZIA, Lond. Journ. v. 3, p. 84 to 92. A. ferruginea, p. 88. The specimens of Acacia malaco- phylla of the 3rd Sect. n. 1578, of Schimper's Abyssinian plants differ from the Senegalese in the whiter down of the foliage, and the petiolar gland small, or entirely deficient, but yet they appear to belong to the same species. After this species add: A. rufa, ramulis petiolisque junioribus paniculaque rufo- tomentosis, foliis aculeo recurvo crassiusculo suffultis, pinnis 4-6-jugis, foliolis 8-12-jugis oblongis v. obovato-oblongis obtusis mucronulatis inæquilateris, panicula floribunda, capi- tulis parvis multifloris, floribus sessilibus villosis, calyce corollo pluries breviore, ovario villoso, “leguminibus planis ? membranaceis."—.4cacia rufa, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. p. 290. —Foliola 6-8 lin. longa, juniora pilis mollibus appressis sericea, demum glabriora. Panicula insigniter rubido-to- mentosa v. villosa. Corolla 14 lin. longe. Aculeus infra- foliaceus recurvus singularis est, vix pungens, an ex era ! 2 conflatus ? —Java, Zollinger, n. 80. ZxG1A, Lond. Journ. v. 3, p. 92. Mimosa adianthifolia, Schum. Beskr. F1. Guin. JP. 322, , belongs evidently to this genus. CALLIANDRA, Lond. Journ v. 3, p. 93 to 112. " C. amazonica, p. once Adian ess et E Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. 3, M" t sy x 102 NOTES ON MIMOSEJE. C. falcata, p. 97.—Venezuela, Funcke, n. 370, and probably not from Mexico, the leaves vary much in size, and are very irregular in shape, but usually more or less ovate or rhom- boidal and oblique, or falcate. C. formosa, p. 98.—Acacia gracilis, Mart. Gal. Bull. e Bruss. 10 pars. 2, p. 311. C. tetragona, p. 99.— Mexico, Jurgensen, n. 792. C. portoricensis, p. 99.—Venezuela, Funcke, n. 380; British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 820 (1513); Zimapan, and near the town of Mexico, Coulter.—After which add : C. pallens, (sp. n.) ; ramulis foliisque pube molli pallidis, stipulis parvis rigidis subspinescentibus, pinnis 4-6-jugis, - glandulis petiolaribus 1-2 scutellæformibus parvis v. nullis, - foliolis 12-20-jugis oblique oblongo-linearibus utrinque pube- scentibus, pedunculis pubescentibus petiolo communi multo — brevioribus superioribus paniculatis, floribus glabriusculis, calyce 5-dentato corolla 4-plo breviore, legumine glabriusculo valvulis coriaceis marginibus incrassatis.—Species quodam- modo C. angelice affinis sed characteribus datis ab omnibus - abunde distincta. Foliola 2-4 lin. longa, linea paullo latiora. - Legumen 4-5 poll. longum, semipollicem latum, pube rara conspersum v. demum glabratum, acumine recto terminatum, - basi in stipitem brevem angustatum.—Zimapan, Coulter. C. angelica, p. 100.— Acacia media, Mart. Gal. Bull. Acad, / Bruss. 10, pars. 2, p. 316. C. taxifolia, p. 104.—Ravines near Ona, in the Ani Quito, Jameson.—After this add : C. Magdalene, petiolis pubescentibus, stipulis lato-lance latis, pinnis unijugis, foliolis multijugis oblongo-linearibu falcatis obtusis glabris, pedunculis petiolo brevi paullo lon- gioribus, floribus sessilibus glabris, ealyce irregulariter den- tato corolla 3-4-plo breviore, * legumine crassiusculo glabro, valvulis crassis extus sulcatis."— Acacia Magdalene, Bert. ` DC. Prod. 2, p. 455.— Valde affinis, C. érevipedi, (potius quam C. squarrosæ) sed major ; stipule plerzeque 2 lin. longæ; pinnæ 13-2-pollicares; foliola nitida, reticulata, pleraq! 4 lin. longa. Capitula et flores fere C. brevipedis.—A sho" NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 103 shrub at the beginning of the season, common on the coast near Santa Martha, Purdie. Before C. eriophylla, p. 105, insert the two following: C. rigida, (sp. n.), ramulis rufo-villosis, stipulis ovatis acutis striatis, petiolo pilosulo, pinnis sub-2-jugis, foliolis multijugis oblique linearibus obtusis rigidis glabris subtus glaucescentibus, pedunculis axillaribus petiolo communi lon- gioribus, legumine minute puberulo, valvulis coriaceo-lignosis incrassato-marginatis. — Petioli communes 3-6 lin. longi. Foliola 4-5 lin. longa (ultimis brevioribus), fere Abietis, regulariter disticha, approximata, marginibus (in sicco) re- curvis. Legumen 4-pollicare, basi longe angustatum. — British Guiana, Schomburgk, a single specimen from the last expedition. C. linearis, (sp. n.); humilis, coespitosa, glabra, pinnis 2-jugis, stipulis setaceis caducis, foliolis 8-12-jugis anguste linearibus coriaceis nitidulis, pedunculis folio brevioribus, floribus sessilibus glabris, calyce corolla 4-plo breviore.— Species insignis foliolis 4-6 lin. longis et vix semilineam . latis.—Serra da Lapa, Brasil, Riedel. — : C. Cumingii, p. 106.—New Granada, Linden, n. 696. Var. 8. Galeotti —Inga speciosa, Mart. Gal. Bull. Acad. Bruss. 10, pars. 2, p. 320. After this add: C. humilis, (sp. n.) ; undique pilosa v. rarius glabriuscula, stipulis lanceolatis acutiusculis, pinnis distantibus 4-6-jugis, foliolis 8-10-jugis breviter oblongo-linearibus obtusis, pedun- culis petiolo communi multo brevioribus, calycibus pilosis dimidio corolle paullo brevioribus, legumine hirsuto valvulis crassiusculis.—Suffrutex diffuse ramosus, vix unquam semi- pedalis, nunc pilis laxiusculis copiosis canescens, nunc fere - . glaber. Petiolus communis tenuis, 14-3-pollicaris, piane vix ai ins plu gb) dits eens dé ge rod _ Zacatecas, Coulter. : C. xalapensis, p. 106.— Acacia. rubescens, À Mart. Gal. Bull. Acad. Bruss. 10, pars. 2, p. SIS Bs oe C. Tweedii, p. 107.—Bot. Mag. t. 4 3 After C. dele, P- dee add the two f fa 1 semipollicares, foliola lineam longa. Corollæ 3 lin, longe e | 104 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. ` C. comosa.—Inga comosa, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 1026.—Pithe- colobium ? comosum, Benth. Lond. Journ. 3, p. 221. C. bracteosa, (sp. n.) ; ramulis petiolisque glabris v. rariter pilosulis stipulis lanceolatis foliaceis rigidis, pinnis subbijugis, foliolis multijugis, subfalcato, linearibus obtusiusculis supra nitidis glabris, pedunculis petiolo brevi duplo longioribus, bracteis exterioribus amplis foliaceis lanceolatis, calycibus 5-fidis glabris corolla glabra paullo brevioribus.— C. fascicu- late subsimilis, sed petioli communes multo breviores, pe- | duneuli sublongiores, stipule multo majores et capitula - bracteis 4-6 lin. longis latis striatis ciliatis involucrata. Ca- lyces etiam multo magis quam in affinibus evoluti.—Diamond district, prov. Minas Geraes, Gardner, n. 4523 and 4524. C. fasciculata, p. 108.—Serra da Lapa, and in various parts of the Diamond district, Riedel. C. Gardneri, p. 108.—Legumen 4 poll. longum, 6 lin. latum, minute pubescens, marginibus valde incrassatis. C. abbreviata, p. 108.—Gardneri, n. 2835, from Rio Preto is probably this species. C. macrocephala, p. 108.—Techada, and prov. St. Paul - Riedel. C. dysantha, p. 109.—Province of Goyaz, Gardner, n. 3702 and 4124. C. viscidula, p. 109, var. minus hirsuta, foliolis minoribus angustioribus.—Rio Pardo and Serra da Chapada, Riedel. - C. turbinata, p. 109.—Serra da Chapada, Riedel. After C. della, p. 110, add: ; C. Purdiei, (sp. n.); ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo-pube- — rulis, stipulis lanceolatis rigidis, pinnis 8-19-jugis, foliolis multijugis oblongo-linearibus obtusiusculis parvis, pedunculis - fasciculatis rigidis petiolo communi brevioribus, floribus - sessilibus glabris, calycibus tubulosis glabris dimidium €O* - roll glabriuscule æquantibus. — Affinis C. belle, stipule — majores, pinnæ pauciores, foliola minora sepius ciliolata - Calyx 3 lin. corolla 6 lin. longa. Stamina numeros - longa, intense colorata.—Mountains of Ocana, Columbia, - Purdie. ! eee: NOTES ON MIMOSEZÆ. 103: - PITHECOLOBIUM, Lond. Journ. v. 3, p. 195 to 223. P. macrostachyum, p. 198.—Since I have seen Von Rohr's specimen of the species described by Vahl, I am inclined to think that I have confounded two distinct plants. In the one, P. macrostachyum, independently of the great length ofthe spike, the flower itself is half an inch long, and the stamina] tube projects an inch beyond it; this species I have only seen from Cayenne. The other, P. lanceolatum, is indeed variable as to dimensions, but I have never seen the flower more than three lines, nor the staminal tube projecting more than two lines beyond it; the form and size of the bracts are also very variable. This would include all my synonyms and stations except Vahl's. P. dulce, p. 199.—Acacia obliquifolia, Mart. Gal. Bull. Acad. Bruss. 10, pars. 2, p. 317. P. forfex, p. 199.—New Granada, Linden, n. 1517 ; Santa Martha. Funcke, n. 404. After P. diversifolium, p. 201, add: P. sericiflorum, sp. n; glabrum, stipulis spinessentibus recurvis, pinnis bijugis, foliolis bijugis oblique obovatis ellipticisve rigide membranaceis v. subcoriaceis, capitulis paucifloris ovato-globosis, calyce glaberrimo corolle dense sericeæ dimidium superante, tubo stamineo longe exserto. — Folia fere P. candidi sed flores diversissimi. Bracteole parve; calyces 4-44 lin. longi infundibuliformi-tubulosi ; corollæ 7 lin. longæ, densissime sericeo-pilose. Stamina numerosa, plus 2 poll. longa, tubo corollam 6 lineas con — Venezuela, Funcke, n. 536. P. letum, p. 203.—Inga leta, Popp. et Endl. Ber. fien. et Sp. 3, p. 80.—Pithecolobium polycarpum, Popp. et Endl. L c. p. 81.—A fter receiving this work I again compared the | specimens of these two plants, the one in flower, the other - in fruit, and cannot but feel persuaded that they belong to the same species. Both were gathered i in the neighbour- _ hood of Ÿurimaguas in the province of are the _ in April, the other in Kobran. T. aM VOL. V. Les -i 106 NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. Add here the three following : P. filamentosum, sp. n.; glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis unijugis? oblique obovatis oblongisve coriaceis obtusis, pe- dunculis elongatis tenuibus, capitulis ovatis, floribus glabris breviter pedicellatis, calyce turbinato corolla plus duplo breviore, tubo stamineo incluso.—Specimen valde diffractum sed ex fragmenta petiolorum pinnæ unijuge videntur, foliolis cujusve pinnæ geminis v. forte solitariis. Hac 2-3 poll. longa sunt, 13-2 poll. lata, venis utrinque perspicuis. Pedun- culi tripollicares. Capitula racemiformia, basi subinterrupta. Corolla 2-21 lin. longa.—Rio Doce in Brasil, Martius in herb. Hook. under the name of Inga filamentosa. P. turbinatum, sp. n.; glabrum, pinnis unijugis, foliolis 1-2-jugis oblique obovatis v. ovali-oblongis obtusis coriaceis nitidis, pedunculis elongatis, floribus brevissime pedicellatis, calycibus turbinatis dimidium corolle æquantibus.—Valde affine P. filamentoso, sed foliola majora videntur, sæpius in pinnis bijuga, et flores duplo saltem majores, brevius pedi- cellati. Calyx saltem 2 lin., corolla 4 lin. longa.— Bahia, Lushnath. P. furcatum, sp. n.; glabrum v. minute canescenti-pube- rulum, pinnis unijugis petiolo communi partialibusque alatis, — foliolis unijugis oblique obovato-oblongis obtuse acuminatis, spicis ovatis, calyce minute puberulo turbinato-tubuloso _ quam corolla sericeo-pubescens duplo breviore, tubo stamine longe exserto.—Species petiolis more Zngarum alatis insignis. _ Foliola 3-4 poll. longa, 13-2 poll. lata, glabra at non nitida. Corolla 5 lin. longa.—On the Rio Teapa in South Mexico, Linden, n. 723. UE I would mention here anotber species, singular as to its uc foliage, in the herbarium of the British Museum from Cayenne, belonging either to this genus or to Calliandra. The leaf, like that of P. unifoliatum, appears at first sight simply pinnate with one pair of leaflets, but the articulation of the petiole shows that instead of being as in that species composed of two unifoliolate pinnæ, the two leaflets belong to one pinna, whilst the opposite pinna is deficient. - a NOTES ON MIMOSEÆ. 107 In Andrieux’s Mexican collection there are two species from Acatlan, (n. 403 and 393) both very distinct from any others known to me; but as the one has the stipules and flowers of a Calliandra, with the leaves and glands of a Pithecolobium, and the other, on the contrary, has the flowers and stipules of a Pithecolobium, with the leaves of a Calliandra, 1 refrain from describing them until the fruit shall be known to determine their genus. P. trapezifolium, p. 204.—Mimosa atakta, Steud. Flora, 1843, p. 758, after which, add: P. Benthamianum, Miq. Linnea, 18, p. 592, from Surinam, is said to be between P. trapezifolium and P. lusorium, two species whicli are perhaps already too closely allied. P. lusorium, p. 204.—Near Villa Rica, Riedel. After P. subacutum, p. 210, add: The Inga elliptica, Blum. I. leucoxylon, Hort. Bog., I. pur- purascens, Hort. Bog., I. falcifolia, Hassk., and I. borbonica, Hassk., Hort. Bog. p. 291, 292, are all probably Pithecolobia beledging to the section Clypearia. P. glomeratum, p. 213.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 9nd Coll. n. 469 (758). Closely allied to this species is : P. cognatum.—Inga cognata, Schlecht. Linnea 12, p. 560. —Hot region of Mexico, Schiede. The common petiole is so short, that the leaves appear at first sight to be simply pinnate. . P. lasiopus, p. 214.—Inga ramiflora, Steud. Flora, 1845, p. : 59. P. cauliflorum, p. 214.—To this species appear to be refer- able Schomburgks specimens, 2nd Coll. n. 822 p After P. auriculatum, p. 217, add : i Fri P. longiflorum, sp. n.; ramulis raoin PR tomentellis, pinnis sub-5-jugis, foliolis 12-20-jugis oblique rhombeis ad angulum interiorem sepe obtuse auriculatis utrinque glabris ultimis falcato-oblongis, [ culis a3 ribus, floribus maximis minute ferrugineo-tomen calyce subquadruplo longiore, oyario sessili gla P. dite "t Re fo x folia fere d xà 108 DESCRIPTION OF PLEUROPETALUM. P. adianthifolii. Corolla 10-11 lin. longa; tubus stamineus —— longiuscule exsertus.—Santarem in Brasil, Riedel. É P. polycephalum, p. 219.—Schomburgk’s n. 525 (824) of the 2nd Collection appears to belong to this species ; n. 571 (806) of the same collection is in some respects near to if, but my specimen is insufficient to describe. P. corymbosum, p. 221.—Inga trapeziformis, Steud. Flora, 1843, p. 759. P.? comosum, p. 221, must be referred to Calliandra. SERIANTHES, Lond. Journ. 3, p. 225. The Taiti plant, of which I have now seen flowers, is, as pointed out by Dr. Planchon, a distinct species, S. myria- denia, Planch. The calyx is short (1-14 line long) and the corolla about 7 lines, The fruit appears to be the same in both species. , INGA, Lond. Journ. 4, p. 577 to 622. I. Jinicuil, p. 585.—Mexico, Jurgensen. n. 594. I. vera, p. 615.—Santa Martha, Funcke, n. 537. I. xalapensis, p. 616.— Mexico, Jurgensen, n. 595. Description of PLEUROPETALUM, & new genus of PORTU- 1 LACE, from the GALAPAGO ISLANDS; by J. D. HooKE R.N. M.D. FLS. Pp TAN IE Cuar. GEN.—Calyx dipsepalus, persistens, se palis basi à connatis, Corolla 5-petala, petalis hypogynis ovatis concavis | coriaceis dorso multi-costatis, æstivatione imbricatis. Stamina. 8; filamenta infra medium monadelpha ; anthere biloculares erectæ, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium liberum, gl- bosum, uniloculare. Ovula plurima, placentz basilari fani- culis distinctis elongatis inserta, amphitropa. Stylus brevis- simus. Stigmata 4 paulo divaricata, teretia, Capsula — TES AORTE T CO ee ae CUS BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 109 Suffrutex (?) Galapageeus erectus, glaberrimus, ramis teretibus, superioribus foliosis. Folia integerrima. Flores in racemos terminales lateralesve dispositi, breviter pedicellati. l. PLEUROPETALUM Darwinii, Hook. fil. in Trans. Soc. Linn. Lond. ined. — (Tab. Nostr. II.) Han. James Island, Galapagos; C. Darwin, Esq. Rami cylindracei, teretes, crassitie penne cervinæ, ramulis foliiferis breviusculis. Folia alterna, petiolata, 2-3 unc. longa, 1-14 lata, anguste ovato-lanceolata, utrinque attenuata longe acuminata, integerrima, costa venisque conspicuis, petiolo + unc. longo. Racemi subunciales, 5-7 flori, pedi- cello valido tereti superne florifero. Flores breviter pedicel- lati, sub 3 lin. lati, pedicello crasso tereti, Calycis foliola ovata, acuta, concava, petalis 4 breviora. Petala ovata, subacuta, concava, siccitate coriacea, dorso precipue costis plurimis parallelis percursa, erecto-patentia. Stamina infra medium in eupulam membranaceam coalita, filamentis anguste subu- latis. Ovarium globosum, subcarnosum. Stigmata paulo divaricata, subobtusa. : À very distinct genus, of which I have seen only the speci- mens gathered by Mr. Darwin during the visit he paid to these curious islands in H.M.S. Beagle. The habit of the plant is somewhat like that of Rivina. Tas. Il.— Fig. 1. Bud, pedicel and bractea; fig. 2. a flower expanded; fig. 3. the same with the petals removed ; fig. 4. ovarium :—all magnified. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Botanical Notes on a Journey into the interior of Southern ae Africa, in company with Mr. Burke; by CHARLES ee _ Zevner. (The following Soudi may- be co nsi vire n : ment to that of Mr. Burke, pores 110 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. eursion to the north of Uitenhage which extended nearly to the Tropics. Mr. Burke's object was chiefly Zoology ; Mr. Zeyher's, as might be supposed from what is said of him in ourlast volume, p. 643, was Botany, and in that depart- ment he has been eminently successful, as the public will soon be made aware by the vast collections he is at this moment arranging for distribution.—Eb.) The village of Uitenhage is about fifteen miles distant from Algoa Bay towards the north, and is situated on the western side of a little hill belonging to the valley, through which the Zwart Kops River finds its way to the sea. "The streets are leid out regularly, and spacious gardens are connected with almost every house. A fine streamlet of pure water, rising — from a spring seven miles distant, at the feet of the Winter- — hoek Mountain, fertilizes the ground in those gardens, and … serves also for domestic purposes. The soil is very fertile, — and fruit trees as well as culinary plants thrive where the land can be irrigated. The Orange, Lemon, Guava, Lo- quat, Pomegranate, and Fig are the usual trees in those | gardens; but the Apple, the Pear, and the Plum agree also — well with the climate, and the few sorts cultivated here come — to tolerable perfection. A great part of the country surround- ing this village, is covered with dense woods, composed of small trees, interwoven with many thorny climbers, rendering - it scarcely possible to enter the thickets, which are infested - by several sorts of antelopes, and the buffalo. The most conspicuous Orders of trees are the Tiliacee, Terebinthace®, — Sapindacee, Celastrinee, Ochnacee, Portulacee, Leguminost, — Composite, Ebenacee, Capparidee ; but as they seldom . exceed twenty feet in height, their wood is of scarcely any — use, except for fuel. The Crocoxylon excelsum, Schottia | speciosa, Pteroxylon utile and Koppes Capensis are Les loftiest trees in these groves. We left Uitenhage the 10th of November, passing me a thicket immediately on quitting that village ; and soon entered an napin tract, sompossd of fine peni BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 111 shaded by clumps of Acacia Capensis, called “ Doornboom” by the Dutch inhabitants. We took our encampment at * Sandfontyn" a farm seven miles from the place of our departure, and situated at the base of the south-eastern extremity of a very extensive mountain range, called here the Winterhorn mountain; but it receives several other names, although it is the continuation of one mountain chain. Some points of this range which are visible from here, are considerably high. The Zwart Kops River, with its tributary, rises in the southern declivities. The course of this mountain range may be traced as far as the north- western boundary, close to the border of the Bushman country, where it divides itselfin little hills, bordering that level tract. With regard to vegetation, this mountain chain forms a very conspicuous line between two of our principal regions, The territory south and west, to the shores of the At- lantic and the Indian Oceans, is the central locality of the two extensive and beautiful orders, the Proteacee and the Ericacee. The country beyond the mountains, towards the east and north, as far as the banks of the Orange River, presents nearly always the same character; for, imme- diately at the northern side the “ Karroo” or South African desert, commences with its peculiar productions. The Ficoidee, Euphorbiacee, Asclepiadee, Byttneriaceade, Geraniaceæ, and Composite are the most conspicuous orders; many species of Mesembryanthemum, Euphorbia, Stapelia, — with very peculiar flowers, as the curious Scytanthus Gor- ——— doni, figured in Hooker's Icones Plantarum, tab. 623, which — is a native of that desert, growing near the Gamtka River, - and on similar localities in the Bushman country. OfCom- . posite, the Euriops, Osteospermum, Tripteris, Gamolepis, Gazania, Gorteria are prevalent. Hermas Dregei, (Mey. Brachystelma Comaru, (Mey.) Sarcocaulon L' Heritieri, sonia, Burmannia, and several species of- Hermannia the principal groups of plants there. The the ven we now dins ih 119 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. greater part of the depressed country is covered with thickets, as far as the lower parts of the higher mountains; little mountains and hills are covered with the same thickets, and the open spaces afford superior pasturage. The higher part of the mountains hereabouts is free from wood, and chiefly covered with useful herbs and grasses. The Proteacee and Heaths, although there are several fine species in these moun- tains, are not so freely dispersed here as on the mountains nearer the Cape. The real South African forests, with useful trees for timber, are scattered generally along the southern shores or in the ravines of the southern sides of mountains nearest to the southern sea-coast. The principal masses of forests are at Kneisona, at Zizikamma, Olifantshack, and about the Kowie River, where the - Podocarpus Thunbergii, Oreodaphne bullata, Boscia undu- — lata, Sideroxylon melanophleum, Pteroxylon utile grow to very high trees, useful for many kinds of husbandry. The Erythrina Caffra may be considered the king of the forest — in Albany and Olifantshock, on account of its size, but T the wood is of little use, except for shingles, which arè — considered very durable; but as the mode of thatching - houses with shingles is not much adopted i in the Cape colony, — the valuable quality of that tree is scarcely known but to 4 few inhabitants. We made several excursions on the neighbouring moun tains; they were covered in many places, to an eleva- tion of nearly 800 feet, with those kinds of thickets ; and in some ravines were also forests, sheltered from the parching sun by high precipices. The Helichrysee, Aspalathee, Gere niaceæ, Campanulacee, Polygalee, Diosmee, Saccharinee, Chlo- ride and Festuceæ were very conspicuous among the moun- - tain vegetation to 2,500 feet of elevation. We had the oppor- - tunity on these excursions to see that remarkably large spring rising in these mountains, which supplies the village 9 Uitenhage with water; the quantity of water, se rises out of this spring, is considerable, and never di even in the driest summer months. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 113 Soon after we left Sandfontyn, we passed the Koega River, a mere periodical stream, seldom showing a continual surface of water, except when heavy rain falls, when it becomes a torrent, and impassable for a short time. The banks were thickly covered with the Acacia Capensis, extending from one side of the hill to the other, in the valley through which that river holds its*course to the sea-shore. A party of lions have for several years chosen these thickets for their favourite resort, and caused a great deal of damage amongst the horses and cattle of the neighbouring farmers. A good many hyenas also live there during day-time, and cannot be routed out ; and a few black rhinoceros ramble still through the thickets, being the last remnants of their race within the colony. We ascended gradually a hill called the “ Grasrugg,” on account of its open feature; it is chiefly covered with a good pasturage, and is also remarkable in a geological point of view; the greater part of that hill, or ridge consisting of horizontal strata of a soft kind of lime- stone, mixed in succession with layers of sea-shells, at an altitude of about 500 to 600 feet above the sea. The summit of the ridge is nearly level, and its vegetable productions correspond with the soil whereon they grow; they have a peculiar habit, by which the presence of lime may be suspected beneath. The principal of those plants are the Hermannia holosericea, conglomerata, involucrata, Xerothamnus Ecklonianus, Psilothamnus adpressifolius, Ly- peria microphylla, Acmadenia muraltioides, Helichrysum re- curvatum, Muraltia ruscifolia, Deverra Burchellii, Ficinia — Præmorsa, and some others. After a few miles’ travelling on this elevated table- land, we descended the eastern side, passing over a tract covered with small shrubs of Composite, Ficoideæ, Euphor- qm biaceæ and Graminee. We threaded for some time a narrow s valley, called the “ Koegakammaskloof,” where the RAigozu tricholomum, a begnoniaceous plant, for the first time ap-- — de peared, with many ancculont M phas, as several - of : : = a bn mc à 114 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. tree-like and suffruticose Aloés, the Rochea falcata and per- foliata, many Crassulas, &c., &c., they grow in a red loamy soil, mixed with gravel of limestone or quartz. We reached the Sunday River directly after leaving that narrow passage; the tide of the sea comes up as far as where we met that river. Small trees of the Niebuhria Caffra, Capparis oleifolia, Burch., were growing on the wayside, a Salir, Combretum salicifolium, Chilianthus arboreus, and Rhus pubes- cens, formed the border on the banks of that river. The Plumbago Capensis, growing amongst the bushes, showed its bright blue flowers through the thorny branches of the Ce- lastrus reflexus. From the Komandokraal, where we halted one night, the right flank of the Sunday River has a singular aspect; an elevated line of hills, covered with dense wood, extends to the immediate bank of the stream. The abrupt appearance of the ridges facing the river, without vegetation, denotes that the encroachment of this stream towards those hills has caused the slipping of the soil. "There are strata of a soft limestone visible towards the top of these ridges; e it is a favourite spot of the Testudinaria Elephantopus, which — grows here frequently. The stem of this curious plant — attains sometimes more than four feet high, and nearly the — — same in diameter. It is only covered with a comparatively — thin layer of bark, or woody substance, and the whole mass within is a kind of pulpy vegetable tissue, like the inside of a large turnep. Itis of little service as food to mankind, but is a favourite vegetable of the Baboons, who cleverly make a hole in the stem, large enough to allow their hands - and arms to enter, when they empty the contents of the inside, leaving the rest of the outer bark whole. It often - happens afterwards that swarms of bees take possession | of these hollow stems, and fill them with honey, offering - a stil more pleasant meal for the baboons, should EU P happen that they fall in with those bee-hives before ? Hottentot or a badger has emptied them. Fond as the baboons are of honey, they are great cowards of the sting of bees; they take with great caution the honey- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 115 comb, and run with all speed a considerable distance before they eat the honey ; and as the bees become alarmed by this robbery, the baboon takes care not to repeat this trick unless the bees are quiet again. On the following day we directed our course towards the Adow, an elevated tract, or continuation of hills, commencing near the shores of the Algoa Bay, and running from south to north; they are thickly clad with wood almost to the summit, like the whole country. The tops, however, are covered with the finest pasturage, green nearly all the year round. Here the climate is cool and pleasant, owing to a moist atmosphere from the sea, and presenting a great contrast to the country below towards the Sunday River, with its dreary appearance during the summer months. Below, in some sheltered valleys, grow many trees useful for timber, as Podocarpus Thunbergii, (Hook.), Pteroxylon utile, Crocoxylon excelsum, Fagara armata. On the higher part grow shrubs of Flacourtia rhamnoides, Prockia rotundi- folia, Eriudaphus Zeyheri, (Nees), and Tecoma Capensis, that highly ornamental shrub. The formation of limestone may here also be traced towards the top ofthe hills, but in general the surface is covered with a soil of reddish clay. In the forests, on the stems and branches of trees, grow several sorts of Epiphytes, belonging chiefly to Angrecum. Many birds inhabit these woods, of which the Louri, with its fine plumage, is not a rare one. The Buffalo, Tragelaphus syl- vatica, and Cephalopus cærulea, are the principal game in these woods. The Adow bush was famous in former years for numerous herds of elephants, traversing during night the country and the public routes, when it was scarcely safe to travel or to halt there in the dark. Several acci- dents happened to persons, who remained out during the night; they were attacked by those huge animals, their - Only a few stragglers still live in those ` their number bis Bt ‘Small M net are more formerly. — — ad à waggons broken, and occasionally some of their | oxen killed. — 116 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Leaving the Adow hill, we entered the Quaggas’ flat, which is generally covered with good pasturage, and is about seven miles in length; it is encircled with low hills, thinly shaded by the Acacia Capensis; on the roots of which the curious parasite, the Sarcophyte sanguinea, grows, showing through the carpet of green its red stem and flowers. Several troops of spring-boks, bounding in the air, when our dogs chased them, and seeming as if they never touched the ground, were the first we saw of that kind since we left Uitenhage. After quitting the flat, it is only a short distance to the Bushman’s River, which we crossed the next day, and ascended the Bushman’s River hill, where we stopped one night. The Cephalandra quin- queloba, several Ceropegie, Cacalia scandens, and Senecio deltoideus are the climbing plants in these thickets, together with some 4pocynee. On a moist spot, not far from our camp, appeared Ophioglossum Capense, but without perfect fructification ; and also Marsypiolepis Zeyheri, (Harv.)3 — while some calcareous plants, viz. Lyperia microphylla and — pinnatifida, Pilothamnus, &c., indicated the presence of lime- — stone on the sides of the hill. In the thickets were Sida triloba and Sonneratiana, Gnidia linioides, Plectranthus Thunbergi, — hirtus, Ocymum serpyllifolium, the* prevailing herbs in the | shade, besides many succulent plants, as Crassula lactea, | cordata, and perforata, Cotyledon ramosissimum, and several species.of Drimia, Hypoxis, Ornithogalum, Sanseviera, and others. | We obtained an extensive view from that hill over the sur- rounding country ; with a considerable part of the Zuureberg _ range, running from north-west to south-east, and which | we had to pass. The character of the soil and its vege- - tation changed soon after we left that place, and passed | the small village of Tidburg close to the right hand. PT was several hours before we entered the principal part of the mountain, the first beginning of it is called the Zwart- choogde, where greater masses of rocks appear more fre- quently, chiefly sandstone. The spomea crassipes, (Hook) BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 117 is one of the rarest plants that grow here, as well as in the interior. Helichrysum milleflorum, ferrugineum, Dais an- thylloides, Bupleurum Mundi, Morysia pinnata, Cyperus flavissimus, (Schrad.), Harpechloa Capensis, (Kunth), form a part of that mountain Flora. But one of the rarest and most interesting is the tree-like Oldenlandia Ar- buscula, (DC.), with its large capitula, the size of an artichoke, or like Protea cynaroides; the tree bears a great resemblance to Leucospermum conocarpum, or Protea grandiflera, on account of which the Dutch call it Wagen- boom, which is the name of the latter tree. It grows only in this mountain range, and sparingly in a few spots; its natural locality is on rocky places in a rather mixed soil, composed of peat and loam. The vegetation of this range is rather rich, especially in herbaceous plants, owing to its elevation and its being the first range of mountains from the shores of the southern coast ; agreat part of the moisture of the atmosphere, wafted by the sea-breeze, is attracted and condensed towards the higher point of the mountain, and forms a climate essential to the growth of many specics of plants. By reason of this favourable circumstance, there exists a great resemblance between this and the much higher Winterberg mountain range, in respect to their vegetable productions. The Kohautia Amatymbica, Olden- landia Caffra, Pulsatilla Caffra, Geum Capense, Polyactium Caffrum, Psilostoma ciliata, (Klotzsch), Bluffia Eckloniana, (Nees), Erianthus Ecklonii, (Nees), &c., &c., are natives both of the Winterberg and this mountain chain. The weather became very boisterous and rainy, which is not unusual here, and we had not yet reached the eastern extremity when we were obliged to halt for a day on the mountain, for fear any accident should befall our waggons on that bad road. _ Close to our encampment, amongst shrubs of Cliffortia strobilifera and of Restio, in the course of a small Lo : a grew the Lubinia atropurpurea, a primulaceous plant, showi its dark red spikes amongst a multitude of « 118 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. After the weather cleared up, we proceeded to Graham's Town, situated on the eastern slope of the same mountain range, and exposed to many disadvantages, by the influence of those mountains. "Violent bursts of wind, often accom- panied by thunder and lightning, with fatal consequences, are the general annoyances of this little country town. It is surrounded by less high hills towards the east and north- east, thinly covered with Acacia trees, under which grow luxuriantly many kinds of useful herbs and grasses, so that large and fine flocks of sheep are kept at the neighbour- ing farms. We halted to purchase some fresh provi- sions, only a short time here, for fear our men should smuggle brandy to the waggons, which they often clever- —— ly manage to do, and afterwards become insolent and - quarrelsome. They showed already symptoms for getting “ lekker,” an expression in the Dutch language in general use amongst these depraved people; they tell with great delight one another the feeling of being “lekker? itis scarcely possible for a person, who understands the real meaning of it, to translate it in any way better and more positive than with * dulce consenta," and many a one would, : if he could, stimulate that sentiment till all feeling is gone. — — After traveling for some hours over a rugged country, with the same appearance as the country about Adow and the Bushman River, we arrived at the summit of a high. embankment, called the Fish River Hill. A similar mighty wall r nearly 1000 feet high rises opposite, and both form an extensive valley, at the bottom of which the Great Fish River finds in & serpentine line its way to the ocean. The slopes of tbat mighty gulf are for the most part covered with thickets of trees, like those about the vicinity of Uitenhage; but the tree-like sorts of Aloë seem to be more abundant here than on the latter place. The Loranthus Drègü, a fine parasitical plant, occurred for the first time; it grows chiefly on Rhus longispina, and other species of the same genus; many Acanthaceous plants of the genera Hypoestes, Gendarussa, BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 119 Phytiglossa, Barleria, several Graminiee, chiefly Panicee, and several succulent Crassulacee, Ficoidee and Euphor- biaceæ, associate in the shade of those thickets. After our descent, we folowed upwards the course of that river fora few hours, till we crossed it. "There were not many plants in bloom, except a fine Zpomea and the Grewia obtu- sifolia, which presented their showy flowers on some places along the banks of the river. A kind of blue slate forms the greater part of the bottom of this extensive valley, in which the Great Fish Riverhas worn a considerably deep channel: although the banks on both sides were steep we had no accident when passing it. The Great Fish River and the Sunday River are both periodical streams, and rise toge- ther in the Sneewbergen, or Snow Mountains, a district where, during summer time, heavy thunder showers fre- quently fall, which cause these rivers to be impassa- ble for several weeks. However, fortunately, there was scarely any run of water in either when we passed them. The banks are shaded with nearly the same kind of trees as those of the Sunday River. Some buds ofthe Acacia Ca- pensis, opening already, showed their yellow flowers. The soil along the banks is generally very rich, being alluvial; still very little of it is cultivated, on account of scarcity of streams or springs which can be used for irrigation. The water of the Fish River runs useless to the ocean, and could only be employed for that purpose at great expence. - As the caterpillars of many Lepidoptera had commenced devastations among the young shoots of the Acacia and — other kinds of trees, several kinds of cuckoos had arrived from _ their migratory trip, and seemed to be enjoying their frugal meal. Cuculus clamosus, auratus, Klasii, serratus, and a few —— — specimens of C. solitarius, inhabited the woods near the river, with Upupa Africana. Cuculus auratus and Klasii are the 2 = finest; they seem to be careful not to spoil their fine plun but give the hatching and feeding of their young ones care of the common sparrows and other small birds, We ascended with eee ter the] eight on the 120 BOTANICAL INFORMATION, which is very steep towards the summit, and our waggons were loaded heavily. Arrivingatthe top, the country had an undulated, but nearly level appearance; as far as we could see it was an open grass land, in some places thinly shaded by the Acacia Capensis, which grows more slender here than on the banks of rivers in a more fertile alluvial soil; for which reason some botanists consider them distinct species, on account of the different habit when inhabiting a rich or a poor soil. In the first case, the branches, and especially the thorns, are larger, particularly on young and vigorous trees grown in a habitat more exposed to wet or to regular winter rains, where the soil is more exhausted of its fertile property, through a constant process of vegetation. On the other hand, if vegetation is slumbering sometimes for a long period through want of rain, the fertility of the soil is longer preserved. We now took a northerly direction, leaving at a conside- rable distance to the right the Kakaberg, a promontory - of the high Winterberg chain ; it forms the easterly border of ce Smalldeel, a province belonging formerly to the Geika family, — chieftain of a Kaffir tribe, but ceded to the Colony about twenty years ago, and over this we now travelled. The slopes to the summit of the Kakaberg are covered chiefly : with forests of useful timber: in the rear may be see? — the higher naked tops of some peaks of the Winterberg — range. The vegetation of that elevated country is nearly the same as on the other side, towards Graham’s Town. A few plants of Eriosema puberula, Lasiospermum radiatum, Trito- manthe Uvaria, and some Pelargoniums were in blossom. We fell in with a river, called the Babians River, a ttt butary of the Great Fish River. It rises in the Winterberg. range, and the banks towards that mountain are covered. with forests of fine timber trees. Pringle, in his poems, gives some idea of the fine scenery in that lovely valley; occupied chiefly by the relations of the poet. We crossed that river, and soon arrived at the feet of a mountain passage, called Daggaboersneik. Yt was several hours before BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 121 we reached the highest part of it; it is a very inconvenient pass for waggons, on account of the bad state of the road, over a rocky sandstone. The point where we passed is only a part of the height of a mountain chain, which unites the Sneewberg with the Winterberg range, and through which the Great Fish River has forced its way. Our route bending round the edge of the mountain, at a considerable height, we beheld that river down a slope, passing through the narrow mountain gulley. Before descending to the region lying before us to the north, it is worth while to mention the different appearance of the country which we have just left, from that which we were to enter. A re- markable line of vegetation runs from here in a south- westerly direction as far as the Winterhoek mountain chain, forming the northern boundary of the principal forest region, with its peculiar features ; which we have mentioned as the principal character of the lower country in the district of Uitenhage. That line forms, at the point where we are, an angle; taking a south-easterly direction, it follows the Winterberg mountain chain down into the Kaffir country, and constitutes the eastern boundary of that Flora. We should have gained an extensive prospect from our elevated post, towards the northern country; but the view was much limited by several promontories of the high Snowy Mountain chain, running in various directions. "The course ofthe great Fish River was marked by dark green banks, contrasting with the death-like appearance of the Karroo, or desert, below us, to the north. The descent down the northern side of Daggaboorsneck was not quite so steep as the southern ascent; but the road was bad and stony, and threatened to Overturn our waggons. What a contrast did we meet as we entered the Karroo, in comparison to the green and fertile land we left on the opposite side of the mountain! The greater portion of the vegetation here seemed all dead and dried up by the rays of a burning sun, except some succulent . - plants, which are not in the least affected by a roasting heat. : Every blade was dry, and it seemed that aids as the; — v 122 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. hadenjoyed no rain for a long while. Apprehensiveof the danger occasioned by the drought, and our oxen finding scarcely any food, we travelled with more speed over that arid district. We passed the Tarka River, a little above its junction with the Great Fish River; it rises in the Bambusbergen and the Stormbergen ; the length of its course is about 100 miles. We crossed several times the Great Fish River, and reached on the 3rd of December, the village of Cradock; rather a small place, though the seat of the principal functionary of the district. It is situated in a narrow valley, on the banks of the Great Fish River, which supplies it with water. A mighty spur of the Sneewberg stretches to the bank of that stream, and continuing from the left side, runs up towards east, and joins the Bambusberg. We remained a few days near Cradock, in order to have some things repaired in our waggons, and took our station on an elevated spot, close to & mineral spring, opposite the village, hoping to have the water near for our use; but we found it of such a bad taste and — - smell, that it was hardly fit to drink ; as it seems to contain —— sulphuric air in considerable quantity, it may have a good effect in cutaneous diseases. "The village is situated on à . fertile spot; the soil having been mostly deposited here, uu former times, by the overflowing of that river. Fine gardens, — planted with fruit-trees, grapes, and vegetables, bear witness to the good quality of the soil. The climate, however, is not a very healthy one, owing to its sudden changes of tempera- - ture. The heat, during summer, is often insupportable, on account of the narrow valley, more than half enclosed by very high and barren mountains, and the other part by lower hills | and the Karroo. The heat would be still greater, were it not - cooled by a strong breeze of wind during the afternoon, pour- ing down from the high mountain region, in order to restore the equilibrium of the atmosphere, too much expanded by the heat below. Those gusts of wind prove a great annoyance t0 the inhabitants, carrying clouds of dust through the streets into their houses. Cradock is as cold again during winter; the high mountains, on one side, being covered with snow BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 123 and ice during three or four months. The climate of these mountains is very severe, and dangerous to persons who are on their march during bad weather; and several lives have been lost at such periods. It is certain that the feeling of cold, on those high mountain regions, is more cutting than in a plain country, even where there is only the same degree of cold, but where the pressure of the atmosphere is greater than on elevated spots; and it seems, the less the pressure of the atmosphere acts upon our skin, the greater is the sensation of cold; or perhaps, the more do we give of our bodily heat to the surrounding atmosphere. We left Cradock on the 5th of November, proceed- ing in a northerly direction, and passed, at a short dis- tauce higher up the Great Fish River whose course we followed nearly all day, another mineral spring, which is used as a bath, and known to be highly efficacious in rheu- matic complaints. From this place we were continually ascending towards an elevated region. The appearance of the country, with regard to vegetation, was like the Karroo, intermixed, more or less, with grass and other useful herbs, . chiefly of the Natural Orders Composite, Byttneriacee, Ge- raniacee, Stipe, Agrostidee, Festucacee, the three latter par- tieularly adapted to sheep farming, of which we passed several extensive establishments that day. The weather was hot during the afternoon, and the northern horizon assumed à very dark appearance, and before evening the rain poured down in streams, accompanied with awful thunder and flashes oflightning. We expected that this weather would be soon over, and pursued our journey; but the rain continued with - increased vehemence, so that the whole level tract over which we travelled, was quite inundated, and like a large stream. The night commenced without my finding any spot where we could span-out; and there was imminent danger, the ground became swampy from the heavy rains, Our waggons would stick fast in the mud. We last, a safe place, on the right bank of the G where we ould. safely r remain 1 for that ig 124 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. cleared up soon afterwards, and we expected to proceed on our journey the following morning, but to our great disap- pointment, the river had become quite a torrent, and was impassable for the next two days. The general aspect of the country was level, and at a dis- tance to the north and east, belted by small hills. Looking back to the coast, we saw the easterly spurs of the loftier Snow Mountains. Considering our elevated position, at least 2000 feet above the level of the sea, we had expected some change in the distribution of plants, according to the adopted rules of elevation; instead of the species growing in à depressed, desert-like country, we should have met already with plants, growing on elevated spots, ina moist atmosphere as Heaths, Proteacee, Diosmee, Restiacee, &c. ; but it is evi- — dent, that from some cause or other, no dependence can be placed on a theory, which proves to be not constant, at least in South Africa. In this district, the greater part of the moisture is carried from the Southern Ocean by breezes. of wind; when approaching the first mountain range and coming in a cooler atmosphere, it becomes con- densed ; therefore, an abundance of moisture is constantly deposited there; in consequence of which, we observe a luxu- riant growth of many kinds of plants just mentioned, and numerous allied tribes belonging to a humid, moun- — tain region. After the greater portion of damp is depo- — sited on that range, a small quantity only is left behind to be - carried by the winds farther into the interior, to the secondary _ ranges of mountains; and becoming more diffused from pass _ ing over an extensive barren tract, like a South-African — Karroo, heated to a high degree by a burning sun, almost n0 exhalation from the sea can reach those inland mountains, - and scarcely a cloud is visible towards their tops, while clouds | are constantly resting on the summits and sides of the moun- — tains of the first range, nearest to the sea. ae s Owing to the extreme dryness of the atmosphere behind P the first mountain range, we may see there more elevate? - regions inhabited by plants, with the same capability of BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 125 enduring drought as those of a barren, dry, and more depressed tract of country. This is the case with regard to vegetation on the loftier part of Sneewbergen, the Rogge- veld, and the Nieuwefeld Mountains, which have quite a Karroo-like character, similar to the dry and barren country, several thousand feet below; whilst the summit of those mountain chains, like the loftier tops of the Wittebergen and the Stormbergen, are chiefly covered with Graminee. Moisture of the atmosphere, modified by the temperature of a climate, exerts a powerful influence on the spontaneous productions of the soil. At many places, on high, elevated regions, underneath a layer of peat, in which heaths and many plants of the same habit grow, may be often traced the same sort of loamy soil which prevails on those barren tracts where only Karroo-like and succulent plants can exist; may it not, therefore, be conjectured, that if these barren tracts had the same constant humidity of atmosphere as those in a more favourable situation, and shelter from a burning hot sun, there would be a mutual change in the vegetable productions into others, adapted to a moist and cooler climate? It would require certainly many hundred years ere such a change could be effected, and that a suitable soil, sufficient for the growth of those plants, should be accumulated. The land here looked dry and barren, but is nevertheless celebrated for sheep farming, especially the Cape sheep, which thrive much best in a country like this, while the Merino prefers grassy tracts, as Albany, Uitenhage, George, and Zwellendam. The Great Fish River changes its name here to Brack River, which it retains up to the source; the principal trees shading its banks are Acacia Capensis. We crossed that river as soon as it could be done without risk, keeping it, for a short distance, to our left, then advancing in a northerly direction, chiefly over an open but barren Karroo- like country. Several farmhouses at very remote distances were - in sight, and seemed to indicate p searety fre RER = that part of the country; some more depressed tracts were marked by a line of dark green Amna roves, which ri 126 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. doubtedly sometimes, when heavy showers of rain fall, a good share of moisture, and have besides that, a more rich alluvial soil, retaining moisture. Coveys of guinea-fowls resort to those thickets ; and we had several dressed for our table ; they take instinctively their night's rest on those trees, in order to be protected from their enemies, the Putorius Zorilla, Tchneumon Caffra, Cynictis Ogilbii, and the common Cape-fox, which are numerous hereabout, but live in holes, underneath the ground, during the daytime. The Proteles typicus, Smith, with the appearance of a striped hyæna and the size of a fox, is not rare, but subsists entirely upon ants. The Viverra tetradac- tyla, (Linn.), is also numerous; it is like a ferret, and eats beetles, and all kinds of insects. We often saw the Sciurus Capensis, or ground squirrel, a gregarious animal, living in troops under ground, and eating bulbs, roots, and seed. The country had a very uniform appearance, scarcely deviating from its dry and barren character, with small scat- tered hills, composed of reddish sandstone, on which grew 4 few species of Rhus, some shrubby Ofhonnas, Cacalias, Cinera- rias, Stoebe, anda few Graminee, springing up between the large globular masses of stone, in which the Lepus rupestris, a rea kind of rabbit, of a rufous-colour, lives, feeding upon these kinds of vegetables. In some course, or channel, of periodical — torrents, in a sandy soil, were specimens of Hibiscus cucur- — bitinus, (Burch.), in bloom; it is a plant with the habit ofa Cucurbitacea, with déprésset branches, and brownish-yellow flowers. This shrub seems to affect dryness, growing in the most barren spots, and keeps its leaf constantly green, | without any rain, for a long while; irritation of the skin. ” 2 caused by touching this planit. gs We had gradually ascended since the time we left — and had consequently arrived at a very elevated region, per haps not less than 4000 feet above the level of the sea. T encountered a few more thunder-showers on our route, S0 - that the country will look better in a few weeks. As we 2 went on, we passed a very remarkably shaped hill, standing BOTANICAL INFORMATION. =~ 127 quite isolated, and rising from an already much elevated plain, upwards of 1000 feet high. This far-visible cone is called Teabuss, on account of its shape, which resembles a Dutch teapot The top is covered with a horizontal stratum of rocks; its sides are quite perpendicular, high, and inacces- sible. "Thousands of vultures have their resort and hatching- place on these rocks; some of these birds seem to enjoy * themselves by sailing in the air for hours in cireles, far above the summit of that mountain. We ascended, in hopes of making some acquisitions of botanical objects, but failed in our expectation, the plants on the upper part being as dry as those below, except a few succulents, such as Euphorbia and Mesembryanthemum. We had an extensive view over the sur- rounding plains and hills from this mountain ; the tops of the latter presenting, in many instances, a table-like platform. The general formation is of reddish sandstone. "The surrounding Plains were inhabited by many sorts of game, as the black gnoo, hartebeest, bless-bok, spring-bok, ostriches, and quagga, 9r wild horse. areas inate od» ava Leaving this place the same afternoon, and ascending gradually to an elevated region, we arrived, towards evening, at the side of a range of hills, called * Zuureberg,” a moun- tain quite unconnected with that of the same name in the district of Albany, near Graham's Town, and spoken of on a former occasion. "The name indicates the acid or sour quality of its pasturage, and was given by the farmers. It is a curious fact, that the sourness of a pasture is always indicated by the Cattle chewing bones, which they never do where the grasses are quite sweet; they know, by instinct, what remedy to take for neutralizing the acidity in their stomachs. It was very interesting, sometimes, to see our oxen chasing each other to get hold of a bone out of the mouth of another. The farmers believe, from ignorance of the true state of things, that the cattle use these bones to sharpen their teeth, and genera I affirm, that the teeth of cattle become sensible and painful, — and swallew the bones, as a cure for the internal acidity 128 . BOTANICAL INFORMATION. which would not be a remedy against the painful sensation of the teeth. On account of the level appearance of our station, the country looked not much elevated ; but comparing this table- land with other ascertained neighbouring heights, we must be at an altitude of not less than 5000 feet above the level of thesea; being the highest part, drawing lines of longitude or meridian from the Orange River to the southern sea-shores; : its longitude being, to the nearest, 26° E., and 31° 30' S. lat. The Great Drakaberg mountain chain marks a con- tinuous line through the interior of South Africa, from beyond the Zoolu country, in a south-westerly direction ; if assumes the name of Stormbergen when entering the Tam- buki country, of which it forms the northern boundary. The latter mountain chain rises to 6000 feet, being abrupt towards the Tambuki country, and sloping moderately towards the Orange River. It is continued at the north-eastern boundary by the Bambusbergen, of which the Zuureberg may be con- sidered a principal spur, projecting thence, in a north-westerly direction, for a considerable distance towards the Winterveld. But, in fact, this high table-land may be traced to the western end of the Roggeveld, running nearly parallel with the course of the Orange River, and sending its waters, to the north, into the Orange River, and south, to the southern sea-shores- The climate here, like that of the Sneewberg, Nieuweveld, and Roggeveld, is very cold in the winter, and sometimes the ground is covered for several days and weeks with snow» — The country is well peopled, by reason of the permanent pasturage, attributable to a cool and moist atmosphere Many hills are scattered overthis high table-land, the greater part exhibiting horizontal strata of a reddish sandstone, 50 - characteristic a formation of an extensive tract of country here The land has a reddish and naked appearance, scarcely a bush can be seen; a few shrubs of some Leguminose, Rhus serre- — folia, Burch., and a few Composite, grow upon rocky situa- - tions; but the Gramineæ form the principal part of the Flora; - and among them, some sorts of herbaceous plants, ofthe - BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 129 Orders Asclepiadeæ, Convolvulacee, Byttneriacee, and Malwa- cee vegetate, but they wither away during winter. The soil is a reddish loam, and very fertile; still it remains mostly uncul- tivated, on account of the dryness in a season when rain is most required, and the want of rivers or springs to irrigate any cultivated land; there is scarcely water enough for domestic purposes, and to keep alive the few trees and vege- tables in the small gardens. We travelled for several days over a tract, nearly like the last described. The course of the few rivers we passed is in a northerly direction, towards the Orange River, proving our descent towards that river. On the 19th of December, we passed Sternbergspruit, a tributary of the former, and constituting, from its source, through the whole length of its course to its junction with the Orange River, the north-eastern boundary of the colony, about 28° 40' E. long., and 30° 40' S. lat. We were now only a few miles distant from the Great, or Orange River, and our curiosity was excited to obtain a view of that fine and large Stream. We were already pretty near, but could not see its Waters until we had reached the verge of the high embank- ment, forming terraces of rocks, down to the stream, several hundred feet below. Owing to our position, it seemed . 0 consist only of patches of water, like lakes, an illusion due to its serpentine course and high banks, which latter present à great: contrast to the adjacent hills, being fringed with fine . lrge trees, of a lively green foliage. The Willow of the 5x Gariep, much like the Weeping-willow, Zizyphus mucronata, nok x celtifolia, Chilianthus arboreus, are the principai trees Which skirt its banks and, convey a pleasant impression to E. traveller, who, after a journey of much toil, over a barren _ 4nd dry tract, finds himself invited, at the scorching hour of teol stream. adia T bead. oe “On account of heavy rains which had fallen in the Draka Pm the Wittebergen, the river could not be forded by wag- eno refresh his drooping frame on the shadowy banks of a : 130 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. gons, except with the aid of a raft or boat. We chose a raft, which had been only finished a few weeks before our arrival; it was placed at a narrow passage, where the river has forced its way through a ridge of rocky hills, just below a rapid, or fall, about 15 feet high. 'The raft traverses backwards and for- wards on a rope, which is fixed on each side of the river. That place is called Sand-drift Point, where we remained for two days. The heat was very oppressive in this narrow valley, belted by hills of barren rocks, and sparingly covered with short shrubby plants or grass ; but more annoying than the heat were the myriads of a kind of red ant, during the hottest hours of the day, on the level near the banks of the river where we encamped. They were furious, and neither dogs nor men, especially barefooted, could stand still for a moment to endure their bites. The place where we halted was situ- ated below a hill, and we could clearly see from the top of it, towards the east, the higher parts of the lofty Witteberg mountain chain, about 7000 feet high, looking apparently white (whence its name), on account of the nature of the - rocks forming that mountain chain, which are chiefly of à kind of white sandstone. The character of the vegeta - tion of that mountain range, like many other mountains within the colony, presents always a barren view when seen from a distance; but the Botanist, who deems it worth | while to examine somewhat nearer these sterile-looking tracts _ will not return without great satisfaction. The Orange River has forced its way through this mountain range, one of the most elevated in South Africa ; awful chasms and precipices, - as may be imagined, are in its course, passing through such à high mountain. n d The season was rather unfavourable for botanical acquisitions, although the vegetation about the regions of the river is highly interesting and rich. The much neede? rains had not commenced till very lately, so that the land but just began to become green. In the shadow of some rocks | leaning over and forming small caverns, adjacent to the ri BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 131 were Leonotis ovata, in full vigour, and bearing numerous spikes of red flowers; Samolus campanulatus, which grows in the rocky channel of the river, with its roots fixed in the narrow fissures of the rock; and Chascanum pinnatifidum, on stony hills ; also a Talinum, in alluvial soil on the bank, with a Cissampelos and Malva, and Cyperus sexangularis. In the shadow of the thickets, and climbing amongst the bushes, I noticed Coniandra pinnatisecta, and Cysticapnos, Cissampelos Capensis, &c. We crossed the river in safety, and travelled over a nearly level tract for some hours. Our view, towards the north, was bounded by moderately high hills, till we entered a narrow valley, following a small river called Sanddriftspruit, for more than an hour. The atmosphere being very sultry, assumed the appearance of an approaching thunder-storm, which soon broke forth with great violence. The darkness of the night ad- vanced so quickly, that it was with great toil, over a swampy and trackless field, that we reached the temporary station of àn emigrant farmer, in whose neighbourhood we took up our quarters that night. We unyoked the oxen, not aware that our encampment was near the bank of a stream, which is dry, ex- ceptin heavy rains. It was very dark, and the storm increased, till we soon perceived, by the fearful noise of the water, that We had halted close to a torrent. We were in great fear ing that night about our safety ; but fortunately, the rain Soon ceased, and we escaped danger. We had fine weather e next day, and continued our journey; ascending gradu- ally towards a sloping plain, of a fertile soil, with an appa- rently luxuriant vegetation, principally Gramineae, the Sac- charinee, Festucee, and Agrostidee, being the most numerous with regard to specimens; while the Composite, Malva- cee, Butineraceæ, and Asclepiadee, had the most representative Species amongst the Dicotyledones. We travelled over an elevated Plain of some extent, and caught an extensive view of the country about the Orange River, which we had Already left behind us. To the north, lay the district through which the Caledon River takes its course. Itisa 2 T L2 132 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. tributary of the former, and joins it, not many miles below our present route. The general character of the country here is almost the same, with regard to vegetation, as the Zuureberg, on the left bank of the Orange River; extensive plains, with a luxu- riant herbage in a favourable season, but scantily provided with bushes, bounded in all directions by small hills, with flat, table-shaped tops, principally belonging to the red sand- stone formation. There is a very extensive tract of country, seemingly of one formation, being strikingly uniform in cli- mate and vegetation. The former, with respect to moisture and temperature, is very much alike at all seasons, and so are the phenomena of the weather. The atmosphere during winter is clear, very cold, and dry. Summer, from Novem- ber till March, is the rainy season; the air then is very damp and hot in the forenoon, with heavy and sudden thun- der-showers ; after whicb, it clears up towards evening, gene- rally to repeat the same the next morning. Considering the high elevation of that part of the country, together with the advanced number of degrees of southern latitude, there must be a great difference of temperature — between the lower part near the soil and the highet - atmosphere. The air contiguous to the ground becomes con- — siderably heated and dilated by a burning sun, but soon enters — into a cool and rarified atmosphere above, where it q becomes condensed, which may be the reason for frequent and sudden thunder-showers during the hottest season. The limits of that vast region may be superficially drawn in the | following way, to give an idea of its extent. The most southern point of that region falls about 32° 30/ S. lat. and 5 26° 50’ E. lon., near the Moravian Institution, at Shiloh, in the Tambuki country, where it forms a’ sharp angle. A natural line of mountain chain, running in an easterly ané - afterwards north-easterly direction towards Delagoa Bay, constitutes its south-easterly and easterly limit. Turning westward, about S. lat. 25°, almost parallel with the same degree of latitude, over a considerably elevated tract of coun- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 133 try, from which the sources of considerably large rivers rise, descending in opposite directions, like the Vaal River, Hart River, southward, and the N’quatuani, Moriqua, and Lim- popo, to the north ; when they trend afterwards easterly, and most likely fall into Delagoa Bay. At about 24° E. lon., that line turns again towards south-east, as far as Shiloh, and forms nearly a triangle. We remained one day near a hill, a short distance from the Caledon River, called * Wolvekop" (Hill of Hyenas); it is conical, and well deserves that name, on account of its occu- pants. On our ascent towards the top of that hill, for botanical and zoological research, we disturbed several spotted hyenas from their usual resort; they passed unhurt a heavy musket fire, discharged by our men, who ascended to shoot some Redunca Lalandii, a kind of antelope, much resembling in habit our cha- mois, and of which we had seen several from below. They were so fortunate as to shoot a female specimen, and caught her young male fawn alive, which we carefully tended, in order to rear it; but in spite of the utmost attention, it only sur- vived the dam about a week, dying apparently of con- vulsions. oara - À fine woody procumbent Helichrysum (873), was growing 9n the hill its branches entirely covering the horizontal parts of the sandstone rocks, of which that hill is composed, like patches of Saxifraga on the Alps, and the numerous white flowers contrasting agreeably with the darker objects which Surrounded them. A small Aponogeton, with junciform leaves, wafted a sweet odour, peculiar to that genus of aqua- tics, over the neighbourhood; it was growing close to our camp, in a small pond of rain-water, which supplied us with ^at necessary fluid. E The Rhus erosa (Thunb.), one of the most conspicuous Shrubs of this country, occupies the rocky edges of precipices _ onthe hills. A curious eucurbitaceous plant (589), with a — _ Woody stem and large yellow flowers, like a ' - _ Momordica, the foliage resembling Vitis quinquefolia, seems — 134 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. to prefer the rocky crevices and fissures, climbing like the LE Vitis, on anything that is nearest; the herbaceous shoots die down every winter, whether by the influence of the frost or other reasons ; but the woody part remains alive. (To be continued.) Notes on the Botany of the Pyrenees, in a Letter addressed to the Editor, by Ricuarp Spruce, Esa. Bagnéres de Bigorre, Hautes Pyrénées, Jan. 3, 1846. My dear Sir, I have been for some months wishing to write to you, but my botanical occupations have been so constant and so all- engrossing, as to leave me no leisure for preparing letters. Besides, I have said to myself, * why write, when I have not time to relate the tenth part of my adventures, and above all, when I cannot speak with decision respecting the one-half of my collection ?? Now, however, that I am surrounded by ice and snows, and days suitable for herborization occur few and far between, I have time to reflect on past events, and to study and arrange my immense results. So very discouraging were the accounts I received previous to leaving England, respecting the Cryptogamia of the Pyrenees — that I came out with the determination not to be disappointed e if I did not discover a single new species. A French writer goes e so far as to assert, * La famille des Mousses n'existe pas dans - les Pyrénées;" and a learned compatriot, well known as 3 Bryologist, and who has himself herborized on these moun- — tains, said to me, “There are no Mosses worth gathering in — the Pyrenees." The enthusiastic Ramond, who investigated — with much perseverance the Botany and Geology of the Pyr nees, in enumerating the plants which he found on the summit | of the Pic du Midi (of which he made no fewer than thirty- five ascents !), observes, respecting the last three of the BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 135 six species of Mosses which he there collected, * Détermi- nation douteuse, à cause du mauvais état...... On ne peut herboriser dans les Pyrénées sans remarquer avec étonnement combien de Mousses se propagent sans jamais fructifier.” All this was anything but encouraging; but now, when I can say with certainty, that my collection includes numerous rarities and even several novelties, and that in none of my . previous excursions have I gathered Mosses in finer fruit, the modest conclusion at which I can arrive is, that having made Mossesand Hepaticæ the principal objects of research, it was to be expected I should find more of them than any of my predecessors, and that the season has surely proved peculiarly favourable for maturing their fructification. One great reason of the previous want of success has, however, been, that no one appears to have sought at the proper Season; and I believe that I have myself collected more Mosses, promising to be new, since the end of autumn, than during all the summer months. t I will now endeavour to give you a detailed account of my wanderings, beginning from the beginning. . Sa I left Paris the day after the Féte du Roi (the 1st of May), furnished with numerous letters to the Botanists of the South of France, by Dr. Montagne and my kind friends in England. Thad a cold and dismal ride of forty-four hours from Paris to Bordeaux, during which, I and my fellow-sufferers were allowed to descend only twice, in order to snatch a hasty meal. At Bordeaux, I had letters for MM. Grateloup and Des Moulins ; the latter was, unfortunately, absent at his property m the Dordogne, but from the former I received every atten- tion. I examined all the Mosses and Hepaticæ in his her- barium, especially those from the Pyrenees and the centre of pain; not very numerous, and all common, with the excep- tion of the beautiful Hypnum aureum, from Madrid. His togamia, from the environs of Dax, (of which he has published a portion in the “ Actes de la Société Linnéenne de deaux”), were more interesting, and included some curious Marchantiacee. We had planned a short excursion, but the 136 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. wretched weather prevented us; I made, however, a prome- nade in the rain, and gathered Dalionia heteromalla, Ortho- trichum tenellum, Pterogonium Smithii, Hypnum circinnatum, Wils., and Collema nigrescens. In journeying from Bordeaux to Pau, I had calculated on visiting Léon Dufour, at St. Séver, but it was some leagues out of my way, and the long * trajet" from Paris to Bordeaux had left me so much indisposed, that I judged it wiser to proceed direct to Pau. I arrived at the capital of Béarn, in the midst of torrents of rain, and it was not until I had been there two or three days that I caught my first glimpse of the Pyrenees—with what emotions, may be conceived. At length lay outspread before me the glo- rious mountains I had so often longed to visit, and my ardent gaze would fain have penetrated into the deepest recesses of their valleys and gorges, all of which my imagina- tion peopled with hosts of hitherto-unobserved Cryptogamie! From no place, out of the Pyrenees, is there so good a view of them, nor one which gives you so accurate an idea of their extent and magnitude, as from Pau. The two Pics du Midi of Béarn and Bigorre form the most conspicuous features of the picture; but the former, usually called the Pic du Midi d'Ossau, is, to my taste, much the finer, and indeed the most picturesque mountain, though not the highest, in the whole Pyrenees. Two circumstances, however, considerably damped my ardour; one was, that owing to the protracted ; winter, the mountains were yet covered with snow, almost to their bases, and the other, my indifferent health ; and my visit — to the Pyrenees having been undertaken in the hope of gather- ing health as well as plants, I determined to remain at Pau until I should be somewhat recruited, and then, if the “temps” permitted, to penetrate into the mountains. t dd was, perhaps, wrong, for the climate of Pau is villanous mo spring; a day of burning heat, the thermometer some- times at 98°, and not a breath of air stirring, will be followed - by one of rain or hail, accompanied by a cold westerly wind. | It was precisely these rapid alternations of heat and cold that — I had hoped to escape in leaving England, and it is not, BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 132 therefore, surprising, that encountering them at Pau, of a still more marked character, the cough, shortness of breath, and other distressing symptoms, which I had brought with me from my native country, should still cling to me; .it was not, in fact, until I got into the mountains, that I expe- rienced any amelioration of health. To return, however, to the Botany of the neighbourhood of Pau, which I investigated diligently under all disadvan- tages. The Phanerogamous vegetation scarcely differs from that of the West of England and Ireland, and 1 observed few species that were new to me. One of the most interesting, was the elegant PAalangium bicolor, which I found on a heathy tract of ground, called the Landes of Pau, growing in Company with Avena alpina and Thorei; the latter, a fine, reedy-looking plant, with something of the habit of its near ally, A. elatior (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), but wanting the polygamous flowers and torulose root of that species, and having radical leaves of extraordinary length, with mar- gins that become involute in drying. Near the same place, I found a Cirsium, which much puzzled me; it agreed with C. tuberosum, All. (C.. bulbosum; DC.), in every respect bat the root, which sent out long creeping suckers, attaining sometimes the length of two feet, and then shooting up into plants which extended themselves in the same way, almost ad infinitum, so that a space of an acre of ground was matted with their interwoven roots. I am now pretty well convinced that it is that species, modified by the locality, (soft black mud), for I find that the suckers (“ fibres,” DC.), which have hot attained the surface of the soil, are “ renflées vers leur . origine," as stated by De Candolle; or rather, as Koch more accurately describes them, “incrassata basi apiceque atte- nuata.” The Gave de Pau furnished a few Alpines, brought down by its waters, and fixed on its banks; amongst these, Scrophularia canina, the beautiful Astragalus Monspessulanus, — two or three Linarias, &c. My other acquisitions were Ra- - ~ "meulus nemorosus, Saxifraga hirsuta, Trifolium glomeratum, 0 Ñrinus alpinus, Orchis laxiflora, Serapias Lingua and cordi- 138 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. gera (the latter very rare), Epipactis ensifolia, some Euphor- bias, Phyteumas, &c.; and before I left Pau, the meadows began to be covered with the showy flowers of Prunella gran- diflora. In Cryptogamia my collection was much more extensive ; but in proceeding to describe it briefly, it is neces- sary to mention, that for want of sufficient leisure, and ata distance from my books and herbarium, there are many I have not yet ventured to name. The habitats are chiefly old walls, trees, and shady banks; for of rocks, properly so called, there are none, the hills near Pau consisting entirely of the débris of the Pyrenees, and offering conglomeration on a grander scale than I have elsewhere seen it. The deep- wooded ravines which intersect the * coteaux" of Jurangon, so famed for their vineyards, afforded excellently-fruited specimens of Orthotrichum crispulum, Hornsch., O. Ludwigii; O. stramineum, and O. tenellum; besides which, I gathered Fissidens grandifrons (a plant abundant throughout the Pyre- nees in calcareous streams), Bryum erythrocarpum and tor- quescens, Isothecium repens (Pterogonium, auct.), Trichostomum crispulum; while the mutilated and decayed stems of chestnut- — trees were covered with Dicranum glaucum, and Leucodon sciuroides, bearing a profusion of fruit, but out of season. In — a visit which I paid to Pau, in November last, I secured them both in excellent state. On old walls, at Jurançon and Ron- - tignon, I procured a large stock of Gymnostomum calcareum — an interesting Moss, allied to our G. tenue, but having a T05- — trate operculum; Bryum obconicum and atro-purpureum, the — latter, par excellence, the Bryum of the South of France; fot . in the whole course of my peregrinations, I do not think I 4 have gathered Br. cespititium above once, and Br. inclinatum, — or cernuum, once or twice! The same walls produced several — | Tortulas, the most abundant being T. revoluta, covered with 5 capsules ; and one is, perhaps, undescribed, if it be not the — Barbula flavipes of the Bryologia Europea, of. which I have | by me a scrap scarcely intelligible. T. inclinata was just passing, but I was enabled to decide on its being truly dis- a tinct from T. tortuosa, which has been doubted by some emi- - BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 139 nent botanists. The latter plant did not ripen its fruit until six weeks afterwards; but throughout the Pyrenees, nothing can be more abundant, although in England, one so rarely meets with fructified specimens. The var. terrestris (as it is called) of Cinclidotus riparius, 1 found growing on stones and the roots of trees, even on the tops of hills! It was in full fruit on the 18th of May, while the aquatic variety I was not able to get in that state until the month of November, a cir- cumstance which induces me to think that the two may pos- sibly be distinct. An interesting Hypnum, from Jurancon, is the H. rigidulum, of Bruch, which comes near our Tees- daliü. Hepatice were not numerous, but I found a very pretty new Jungermannie, creeping on Weissia verticillata ; its habit is that of J. scalaris, but the leaves are less orbicular and the calyx is bilabiate and slightly exserted. Not having seen the J. scalariformis of Nees, I am unable to form an opinion as to its identity with my plant. The Lichens I gathered, included Parmelia Clementiana, P. chrysophthalma, P. rubiginosa, Sticta limbata, &c. Near Jurangon there is a Collema on the trees, which is quite meteoric ; in wet weather, and especially after thunder-storms, it springs up as suddenly as a mushroom, forming globular, tremelloid masses, covered with apothecia. Léon Dufour has observed the same near St. Séver, but has never been able to determine it satis- factorily. The three last days in May were occupied in an experi- mental visit to the mountains. Oléron, at the entrance of the Vallée d'Aspe, was the place selected for my début, but I was still too early—the rain descended continually, and though the snow was rapidly melting, it was not ne- Cessary to mount very high in order to reach it. I was in the field however one whole day, but did not gather what repaid me for the wetting, and my Oléron collection includes onl Cynoglossum pictum, an Orobanche, finely fruited specimens of Hypnum incurvatum, some Brya, and a few other things of less note. AM MA On my return, I found a letter from Dr. Dufour, con- taining a very pressing invitation to pass a few days with 140 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. him at St. Séver, and stating as an inducement, * La saison et le temps ne vous permettent pas d'aborder au moins d'un mois les Pyrénées.’ This was so much in accordance with what I had just experienced, that I thought I could not spend my time more profitably than in the company of one of the most distinguished naturalists in France. Ac- cordingly, a few evenings afterwards, I found myself seated in the diligence for Orthez, and the following day I arrived at St. Séver, where I met with a most hospitable reception from Dr. Dufour and his amiable family, and the eight days I passed in their company were certainly as agreeable as any that have followed. Léon Dufour, whom Fries calls * Pere- grinator Hispaniæ insignis," is 64 years of age; in person - rather tall, his strongly marked features bearing traces of the toils and travels of his earlier years, and also evidencing to à physiognomist a mind accustomed to sustained and profound train of thought. Many years ago, his fame as a Botanist, and especially as a Lichenologist, was pretty generally diffused ; but, for the last twenty years, his daily study has — been the anatomy and physiology of insects, and his elaborate — treatises on these subjects have gained him lasting renown. —— Botany is, however, still his amusement, and the company ofa Botanist gave him apparently as great pleasure as if that had been his sole pursuit. All our time within-doors was passed — in examining the mosses and lichens in his herbarium; thé — — former tribe not including any species remarkably interest- ing, but the latter exceedingly rich, especially in original | Friesian and Acharian specimens, and manuscript remarks - of those celebrated lichenologists. Even at present there i$ - no one better acquainted with the lichens of the Pyrenees than Dufour, and no guide in those mountains is more familiar with the localities than he, which may be easily believed when | itis stated that during more than forty years, he has been m the habit of frequently visiting them. His “renseignemens,” except as related to the mosses, have accordingly been of ^. great service to me: but with regard to my favourite plants - though I have met with several persons ready enough to- give advice, I have found none who had the. slightest idea BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 141 of the nature of their habitats, and the few localities I have searched out of compliment to my advisers have been almost uniformly unproductive. Besides our labour in the cabinet, we made some excursions, and one in particular which was very interesting to me. This was into the heart of the. Landes, at some leagues from St. Séver, where the soil is entirely composed of loose sand, and covered as far as the eye can reach, with forests of pine, (Pinus maritima.) The herbaceous vegetation was here of a character more interesting and peculiar than that of Pau: the grasses were Avena Thorei, Agrostis setacea* Festuca uniglumis, Airopsis globosa, and Agrostis elegans of Thore, the two latter certainly equalling in elegance any of the family, but now become excessively scarce. Intermixed with these grew here and there Adenocarpus parvifolius, Arthrolobium ebracteatum, Silene bicolor, and Lusitanica, (the latter surely not distinct from our S. Gallica), Arenaria montana, Teesdalia nudicaulis, Lapsana minima, and the very pretty Astrocarpus (Reseda) sesamoides ; and in moister situations, pene sca, Illecebrum verticillatum, Corrigiola littoralis, Barts viscosa, Pinguicula Lusitanica, &c. Mossy places were nu- merous, but like our fir-woods in England, containing only few species. "The only Sphagnum was S. compactum, and I was glad to get it in good fruit. I gathered also fruit of Jungermannia obtusifolia and Francisci. Our promenades on the steep wooded banks of the Adour afforded Cryp- togamia in much greater variety ; several lichens which my companion indicated to me, a pretty Trichostomum, Which may be Tr. subulatum of the Bryol. Europ., a Funaria that is probably undescribed, Hypnum illecebrum, (which I . have this autumn gathered in fruit at D punica canes- tns, Jung. capitata of Hooker, &c. After my return from St. Séver, and whet had ‘inked * I amnot certain that my “plant i is that of Hudson, but it i is: ndoubtedl]y — that of De Candolle, whose specimens (described i in the Flore Were gathered in precisely the same locality as m myself, the ei idi of Dr. Dufour. 142 REMARKS ON SOME RARE MOSSES drying my collection, 1 became impatient to proceed to the mountains. Accordingly, on the 25th of June I took my departure from Pau for the Eaux Bonnes, and from that epoch until the 19th of November, I have relaxed not a moment in my exploration of the most Alpine portions of the chain. RICHARD SPRUCE. Remarks on some rare Mosses of the Southern Hemisphere; by W. Winsow, Esa. (Tans. III, IV.) GoniomirriuM (Hook. et Wils.): acrocarpum. Peristomium nullum. Calyptra campanulata, magna, speciosa, 8-COs- tata, junior plicata. 1. Goniomitrium enerve (Hook. et Wils.); caule brevissimo simplici, foliis late ovatis concavis enerviis, capsula sub- sessili globosa, calyptra costis prominentibus. Tas. III. A. Has. Swan River, James Drummond ; on a red soil. n. 6 (a): Caules gregarii, vix lineares, simplici. Folia laxe imbricata, concava, acuminulata, integerrima, albescentia, siccitate haud contractilia, areolis laxis rhomboideis, perichetialia longiora, conniventia, Vaginula cylindrica. Capsula fo- lüs immersa, subsessilis, rufo-badia, ore subcoarctata. Annulus nullus. Operculum planiusculum. Sporælutéæ majuscule, numerose. Calyptra capsulam totam obtegens, 2 albida, membranacea, costis subalaribus. Florescentia monoica, antheridia in perichætii foliis axillaria, clavat&s — pedicellata, exapophysata. E This Moss has much of the habit and character of Anic- tangium repens (Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 106), but is essentially — distinguished by its large-ribbed calyptra, and its conside- —— rably smaller sporules and naked axillary antheridia; also by | the absence of creeping rhizoma. It is probably annual. ——— Fic. 1, Plants, nat. size; f. 2,3, plants, magnified; f. 4 calyptra ; f. 5, 6, capsules and a perichætial leaf; f. 7, leaves; f. 8, sporules, magnified. OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 143 2. Goniomitrium acuminatum (Hook. et Wils.) ; caule brevi subsimplici, foliis ovato-lanceolatis longe acuminatis ner- vosis, capsula longius pedicellata subexserta globosa, cal yp- tra membranacea. Tas. IIT. B. Has. Swan River, James Drummond, n. 6 (b); on a blackish soil. Caules precedente duplo longiores, speciosiores. Folia lon- giora, rigidula, laxius imbricata, erecta, minus concava, apice magis attenuata; siccitate contracta, subflexuosa viridia, nervo vix sub apicem evanido, areolis rhomboideis, laxis. Vaginula brevior, oblongo-ovata, seta longior, cap- sulæ longitudinem adæquans. Capsula, operculum et spore præcedentis. Calyptra grandior, magis albescens, costis vix prominulis. Florescentia monoica, ut in præcedente. Essentially different from G. enerve, in the nerved leaves, and readily distinguishable by its pedicellate capsule, as also by the totally different aspect of the foliage, especially when dry. The calyptra is more membranous and glossy. Fig. 1. Plants, nat. size; f. 2, single plants, magnified ; Sf. 3, capsule and perichætial leaves; f. 4, 5, calyptræ ; f. 6, 7, leaves; f. 8, vaginula and young calyptra, magnified. 3. Anictangium repens, (Hooker). Calyptra conica, minima, valde inconspicua, operculi rostellum vix amplectens. Cap- Sula in vaginulam brevissimam sessilis, ore dilatata. Spore Prægrandes, ferrugineæ. Florescentia monoica: flos mas- culus nunc gemmiformis, nunc in ramo terminalis, anthe- ridia ovali-oblonga, paraphysibus longioribus immixtis. Tas. IV.-A. — c E d (AS The figure here given may be considered as supplementary to that in the * Musci Exotici,” Tab. 106. _ | f Fic. 1, Male plants, nat. size; f. 2, single male plant, magnified ; f. 3, perichætium, capsule and calyptra; f. 4, young capsule and calyptra; f. 5, male perichætial leaf; f- 6, leaves, magnified. — . 4. Zygodon trichomitrion, (Hook. et Wils.); caule elongato Parce ramoso, foliis patulis subrecurvis flexuosis linea- | Tibus obtusiusculis, capsula elliptico-oblonga gymnostoma, . . 9perculo subulato, calyptra pilosa. Tas. IV. B. 144 CONTRIBUTIONS TO Has. On treesin the forest of “ Grootvadersbosch,” district of Zwellendam, Mr. Zeyher. Caules laxe cæspitosi, unciales et ultra, subdichotome ra- mosi, inferne radiculis purpureis tomentosi, rami erecti. Folia laxiuscula, siccitate subcrispata, apiculata, carinafa, margine subrecurva, apice minute denticulata, luteo-viridia, inferiora fusca, areolis punctiformibus, perichætialia erecta. Vaginula pilosa. Seta semiuncialis. Capsula erecta, ore angustata siccitate plicata, fusco-badia. Annulus nullus. Peristomium nullum. Operculum basi conicum, rostro subulato subobliquo, capsule dimidiam cequans vel longius. Calyptra dimidiata, subulata, pilis lutescentibus hirta, cap- sule 3 obtegens. Except in the hairy calyptra and subulate operculum, this moss is sufficiently allied to the other species of the genus, especially Z. viridissimum. Fic. 1, Plants, nat. size; f. 2, capsule and calyptra; f 3, lid ; f. 4, 5, leaves, —— eee PR coeli Contributions to the Botany of Sourn America. By Jon Migns, Ksa., F.R.S. F.L.S. UH (Continued from Vol. IV. p. 515.) METTERNICHIA. This genus was proposed by Dr. Mikan for a beant l shrub, with"large white flowers from the neighbourhood Rio de Janeiro, and by him dedicated to Prince Metternich, - the liberal patron of the many scientific expeditions that : have so greatly extended our knowledge of the Natural t History of Brazil. It comprises only a single species, which a very good figure was published by Dr. Mikan in Delect. Flor. et Faun. Braz. 3, tab. 1, but as that work is extremely scarce, and the details of the seeds not | perfect, I offer the results of my own observations. — METTERNICHIA, Mik.— Calyz campanulatus, tubo in THE FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 145 inæqualiter 4-5-6-fido, laciniis 2-3 sepe duplo majoribus foliformibus, persistens. Corolla hypogyna, infundibulifor- mis, tubo superne amplo, limbi expansi, estivatione pro- funde plicati, laciniis 5, brevibus, æqualibus, crenulato-un- dulatis. Stamina 5, corollæ contractione inserta, inclusa, 2 breviora; filamenta filiformia, basi dilatata, imo pube- scentes, superne glabra; anthere 2-loculares, basifixæ, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium sessile, 2-loculare, ovulis in loculis utrinque 8, in septi faciem juxta basin ad nervos 2 parallelos, 2-seriatim dispositis, adscendentibus, imbricatis, inferioribus exterioribus. Stylus simplex. Stigma 2-lamellatum, laminis, crassiusculis margine revolutis. Cap- sula coriacea, lignosa, cylindracea, 2-locularis, apice septi- frage 2-valvis, dissepimento libero, valvis parallelis demum semi-bifidis. Semina 2-4 in quoque loculo, e dissepimenti basi adscendentia, longe linearia, utrinque acuminato-at- tenuata, margine ala membranacea cincta, ventre convexa, dorso carinata, hilo basali, testa chartacea ad endopleuram spongiosam adnata. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi tenui rectus, cotyledonibus linearibus, radiculam cylindricam in- feram æquantibus. Arbor Brasiliensis frondosa, foliis al- lernis breviter petiolatis, ellipticis, penninerviis, valde reti- culatis, integerrimis, mitidis, floribus terminalibus, subso- litariis, vel plurimis subracemose fasciculatis, ebracteatis, ` speciosis, albis. l. Metternichia princeps, Mik. loc, cit. tab. 1. Char. ut. - Supra.— Rio de Janeiro, v. v. da | This is a handsome tree, or shrub, with copious foliage of bright evergreen leaves and large conspicuous flowers. It is altogether perfectly glabrous. The leaves are about 3-4 inches long, and 1i to 14 in. broad, upon a slender chan- nelled petiole of 4 lines ; they are thin, and of a somewhat membranaceous texture, the margin being slightly revolute ; they have a reticulated venation, and both surfaces under a strong lens appear minutely punctulated. The calyx is very » membranous, light green, very reticulately nerved, and unevenly cleft into 4-5-6 obtuse leaf-like segments of various length ; it is generally half an inch, sometimes nearly 1 in. VOL, v, | M 146 CONTRIBUTIONS TO : long. The corolla is white, 23 in. long, 1 in. broad in the mouth, and 2 in. across the border: the tube is slender at base, for about half an inch, when it suddenly swells into a long and somewhat campanular form, marked with many longitudinal veins: the border is obtusely 5-lobed, and erenulated on the margin, in æstivation it is deeply plicated, the inflected portion being externally covered with soft down, which soon entirely disappears; the stamens are the length of the corolla, the filaments are fixed near the base in the eontraction of the tube, which is the only part that is pubescent, they are dilated at the base, and ciliated, but are tapering and glabrous upwards, two of them are somewhat shorter than the others, the anthers are ovate, 2-lobed, some- what cordate at base, where they are fixed in the sinus to the apex of the filament. The pollen grains are globular, obsoletely 3-gonous, or rather having 3 indistinct mammiform projections at equidistant points, with alternating converging lines. The ovarium is slightly stipitate, obovate, sericeous, 2-celled, with 8 ovules in each cell, arising from the base of the disse- piment, and affixed in 2 series near 2 elevated parallel nerves that extend from the base to the apex of the dissepiment. - The style is slender, glabrous, as long as the corolla, the stigma is bilamellated, consisting of two short fleshy lobes, with reflected margins, the inner faces being glutinous and subpapillose. The capsule is 14 in. long, 4 lines diameter, supported by the persistent calyx, the valves are thick and coriaceous, each being divided half way down the middle; the dissepiment contracts and becomes free as the seeds - ripen, sometimes only two or four of which are perfected — in each cell, the entire number being seldom matured. The seeds are linear, winged, with a dorsal keel, which is sometimes —— - double; the endopleura adheres to the lining of the cell, — which is filled by the albumen: this is cylindrical, 9 lines — long, $ line broad, straight, thin, and fleshy, and encloses an embryo of the same form, with semiterete cotyledons - of similar thickness, and about the length of the AUC T radicle.* * A figure of this species, exhibiting ample sectional details is pu in Plate 14 of the “ Illustrations of South American Plants.” 2: THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 147 From the above description, no doubt can any longer exist as to the true position of Metternichia, which has hitherto been considered doubtful. It was placed by Dr. Lindley in Solanee, near Solandra: others have arranged it in Bignoniacee, and ultimately, on the authority of Fenzl, Dr. Endlicher has doubtfully assigned it a position in the subtribe Vestiee, among Solanaceæ. Its true place is cer- tainly next to Sessea, with which it agrees in its 2-locular capsule, with the dissepiment parallel to the valves, which are both nearly cleft to the base, in its erect seeds, fixed by their base to the bottom of the dissepiment, and in having a lengthened straight embryo, with linear cotyledons, in which respects it differs from Vestia, Cestrum, and their congeners. As those two genera exhibit such distinct characters, I pro- pose to arrange them under a separate section, to be called Metternichiee. On examining many of the Solanaceous genera, I have found some among the Micotianeæ, that possess very distinct characters, very closely approaching the Cestrinee, on which account I have ventured to arrange Fabiana, and Nierembergia, in juxtaposition with them, placing these two genera, because of their capsular fruit, as a Separate subtribe, under the name of Fabianee: as in Ces- trinee, they offer, among other features, a bilamellar stigma, and a decidedly stipitate ovarium. I also propose to remove Vestia from the Cestrinee, and to place it in Nicotiance, Which subtribe 1 have arranged in the Rectembryeæ, for they Mostly present an embryo as straight as that of Cestrum, together with similar small ovoid cotyledons. The attachment of the seeds in Cestrinec is by a ventral hilum, but in Nicotiana, . and Petunia, the seeds are quite oval, so that it is impossible _ to say whether the hilum be ventral or marginal: among the ~ Üwrvembrye, on the contrary, the seeds are reniform, and Compressed, and the hilum always marginal. In a general . Yeview of the natural order, Solanacee, 1 would therefore .. Propose the following arrangement and division: : ae) SOLANACEZÆ, Susonno I. Recremsryez. Embryo fere rectus. Stigma sub 2-lamellatum, intus papulosum, Ovarium sepissime stipitatum, rarius sessile. Tersus 1. Merreanicatem, Embryo elongatus, omnino rectus, teres, Capsula 2-locularis, valvis semifissis : semina pauca, triquetra, alata, hilo basali imo dissepimenti affixa. - ; ge Embryo cotyledonibus teretibus, radiculam æquantibus À : i : . . 1. Metternichia. " 3 a a brevioribus . i : . : . 2. Sessea. : Turnus 2. CesTRINEX. Embryo fere rectus, i eee parvis, ovatis, compressis, Fruetus baccatus; semina angulata, hilo ventrali, dissepimenti medio suspensa, arium stipitatum. Bacca 2-locularis, seminibus paucis i : . À ‘ ^ . . 3. Cestrum, — Taipus 3, Fasraneæ, Embryo fere rectus, subteres, cotyledonibus compressis. Fructus capsularis, 2-locularis, valvis a dissepimento demum solutis. Ovarium stipitatum. Stigma 2-lamellatum. : : Capsula valvis 2 profunde 2-fidis, marginibus suturalibus . 1 2 ; A . 4. Nierembergia. » L.» apice 2-fidis, a introflexis . d : : : D. Fabiana. Trigus 4. Nicorianzm. Embryo fere rectus, vel levissime arcuatus, subteres, cotyledonibus brevibus subclavatis. Capsula 2-locularis, valvis a dissepimento demum solutis. Ovarium sessile, plerumque glandula hypogyna suffultum. Stigma capitato-2-lobum. Capsula valvis 2 profunde 2-fidis, dehiscentia septifragali . i : ^ ^ . 6. Vestia. » » integris » b. vix septicidali i : : . 7. Petunia. » » apice 2-fidis, a profunde septicidali, stamina inclusa, corol. regul. . 8. Nicotiana. » 3 » ” » » » exserta, » irreg. 4D. Lehmannia. ; ” » ” » ^» » » » inclusa, ,, obliqua . 10. Sairanthus. : Sunonpo Il. Cunvewnnvra, Embryo in formam semicircularem, annularem, vel spiralem curvatus, Ovarium sessile vel disco ; insidens, Stigma capitato-2-lobum, rarissime in laciniis 5 divisum. Semina plurima, hilo submarginali. Tarsus 5. Datura. Fructus pseudo-4-locularis, ula muricata . | ^ ; À j i i E 3 . 11. Datura. » glabra, . . . . . ‘ , ` A . 12. Dictyocalyx. "UP à Bacca pu posa - s 4 ° . LI LI B * . . 13; Solandra. Tarmvs 6. Hyoscyamex. Capsula circumscissa. E Operculo 2-loculari E "T « 3 p a . p M . . . . LÀ . 14. Hyo amus, E. wc pg i 4-valvi, mucronato x. : at . 3 LI ; DEN LI . B . LI i5» A i * » locua — — ; : - - — . 16. Scopolia. Bacca 2-locularis, Semina reniformia, hilo marginali. SPI OL SNOILAHIHLNON THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA, 149 Before concluding these remarks, I will offer some further observations upon the genera constituting the suborder Rec- tembryee, among which I have noticed a feature hitherto unobserved, and although not universal among all the genera, it offers in most cases a very decided character; I allude to the position of the ovarium upon a well-marked and distinct columnar support. In Pefunia and Nicotiana the ovarium is sessile upon an annular disc, which surrounds and conceals this support: in Pefunia this disc is 2-lobed, in Nicotiana it is generally 4-lobed. In Metternichia it is sessile,* without any glandular appendage. Among those possessing a stipitate ovarium, Fabiana has 2 oblong erect free glands, fixed on the column, while in Vestia an annular ring invests the stipes and supports the ovarium. In Nierembergia, Sessea, and Cestrum, (including Habrothamnus), the column is simple, quite free, and generally without any glandular appendage, or at least one that is not always easily perceptible. In Sessea, Cestrum, Vestia, Nierembergia, and Petunia, the tube of the corolla is circumscissile, leaving a persistent cupuli- form base that, in some cases, nearly incloses the ovarium, a character I have before pointed out, as existing in some of the Nolanacee. I have observed also in the Rectembryeæ, that the surface of the testa in the seeds affords a variable character: in Metternichia and Sessea, itis chartaceous; in Cestrum, mi- nutely reticulated and favose; in Vestia, broadly rugose, with fine transverse strie; in Nierembergia, with polished prominent rugæ ; and in Fabiana, it is nearly smooth, with almost imperceptible, longitudinal, rugose striæ. In Petunia it is divided into large, equal, hexagonal hollows, separated by simple ridges, while in Nicotiana these ridges are waving, erenulate, or even sometimes cristate when viewed by a powerful lens. The pollen grains of Metternichia and Sessea are sp 1 with 3 rounded mammiform equidistant points, and 3 inter- mediate convergent lines; those of Cestrum, Fabiana. and * This, however, is only apparently so, as the column is of the same -~ thickness as the ovarium. 150 CONTRIBUTIONS TO Nierembergia resemble each other, being in the shape of a compressed sphere, somewhat 3-gonous, with a mammi- form projection at each angle; those of Nicotiana and Pe- tunia are of a rounded oblong cylindrical form, with 3 longitudinal grooves, that of Vestia being similar, only of a nearly spherical shape. I have endeavoured to detect some generic distinctions between Cestrum and Habrothamnus ; but after careful in- vestigation, I cannot discover any differential characters either in the flower or the seed: the calyx of the latter is similar to that of many species of Cestrum; the corolla is of the same form, its lobes having in like manner a conduplicate æstivation, i.e. their edges being turned in on each side for about one sixth of their breadth, and adhering to the adjoining lobes by their woolly surfaces; the stamens are quite similar, as is likewise the style and 2- lamellar stigma; the ovarium, in like manner,- is supp upon à short and somewhat glandular column, which when the corolla falls, is invested by its induviate base. 1 have also examined a capsule yet immature, in which, as in Cestrum, the seeds are few, rounded externally, angular within, and attached from a ventral hilum to the thickened - placentation of the dissepiment, each by a short ligular strap, and we have the authority of Schlectendahl (Linnea, 8, 251) to show, that the form of its embryo enveloped —— in albumen is straight, with small round flattened € — — tyledons; characters which are all exactly those of Cestrum, —— In habit, there is certainly a difference that enables us, P. at a glance, to distinguish the one from the other, but the rea] — amount of differenceis confined to the peculiarkind of articulate - 2 pubescence, and the crimson colour of the calyx and corolla; — but it must be remembered, that several species of Cestrum | x from Central America, present a calyx and corolla of a deep — — orange colour, bordering on crimson. If pubescence then be the only tangible character, that can hardly be sufficient to maintain Habrothamnus, for in such case, those species of - Cestrum with stellate hairs, especially those that are hardly - distinguishable from Sessea in external appearance and in- THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 151 their flowers, ought also to form a distinct genus, which no one would venture to propose: upon the whole, therefore, I would recommend that the genus Habrothamnus be sup- pressed, and its species arranged as a particular section of Cestrum under that appellation.* I may here avail myself of the opportunity of observing that the genus Laureria of Schlechtendahl, placed by some authors among the Nicotianee is beyond doubt, identical with the Juanulloa of Ruiz and Pavon: it ought, therefore to be placed among the Solanee, where also Marckea of Richard, and Nectouxia of Kunth, should be arranged, as they better agree with many of that tribe in habit, and as nothing is known of the character of their seeds to warrant their being placed among the Rectembryee. I have excluded Dunalia from the Cestrinee in the above distribution, because nothing is known of the nature of its embryo, and for other reasons before pointed out, (Vol. IV., p. 332.) $ed In external aspect there is a remarkable resemblan between some species of Petunia, Nierembergia and Salpi- glossis, so much so, that several able Botanists have referred such plants to these three different genera; but there exists in the latter, certain decided characters that cannot be con- founded with the two former: I do not allude so much to the didynamous stamens, with a fifth sterile filament, as to the more important one of its deeply reniform seeds, and completely annular, and sometimes even spiral embryo, while in the two former genera the embryo is nearly straight. But there is also another well-marked difference in the æsti- vation of the corolla, a character of the utmost importance, : * The three known species of Habrothamnus thus forming a distinct Section of Cestrum would be arranged as follows : feni e $ HABROTHAMNUS. — a ; 5 is T Cestrum fasciculatum (Habrothamnus fasciculatus, Endl.) DOE . corymbosus, Endl.) 152 CONTRIBUTIONS TO and one that will probably be found to constitute an unerring line of distinction between the Solanacee and Scrophu- larineæ, orders so closely allied, that our most able Botanists are yet often undecided as to which of the two, certain plants ought to be referred. This is a desideratum of some moment, and one that appears to me worthy of being pursued: it seems to me possible to reconcile all the discrepancies that at first view stand in the way of such a line of demarcation: indeed, there exist many singular analogies between some plants of the Salpiglossidee, and other Scrophularineous genera, and some of tribes of the Solanacee as above defined, which will probably assist us in this inquiry, but I will reserve to a future opportunity the exposition of my sentiments on this subject, in order to have more ample means of examining the characters of these plants, and of availing myself of the assistance that will be afforded by the extensive views, and vast collection of facts, made by the learned author of the monograph of the Scrophularinee, in the forthcoming volume of the Pro- dromus. SESSEA. In order to confirm what I have before stated respecting the affinities of Metternichia, Y will offer a few observations upon the genus Sessea of Ruiz and Pavon, two species of which are only recorded, both being well figured by — - the authors of the Flora Peruviana; but as I have also e had an opportunity of examining two other undescribed - species existing in the splendid herbarium of Sir William _ Hooker, and as the characters of the seed have not been yet sufficiently well determined, I venture to propose here 2 an amended definition of the genus and a description of | the four species. gH dh Sessea, R. & P. (Char. emend.)— Calyx tubulosus, 5-den- tatus. Corolla hypogyna, infundibuliformi-tubulosa, limbi 5-fidi erecto-patenti laciniis ovatis, æstivatione condu- - plicatis. Stamina 5, tubi medio corolle inserta, inclusa; THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 153 anthere 2-obæ, profunde cordate, basifixæ, lobis ovatis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium ovatum, breviter - stipitatum, cyatho (corolle reliquo) circumsessum, 2-locu- lare, ovulis in''loculis utrinque, in septi juxta basin 2- serialiter dispositis, adscendentibus, imbricatis, inferioribus exterioribus. Stylus simplex. Stigma inæqualiter 2-la- mellatum, lobo inferiori breviori, subdeflexo, altero erecto. Capsula coriacea, cylindrica, subarcuata, calyce stipata, 2-locularis, apice septifrage 2-valvis, dissepimento libero, valvis parallelis, demum semibifidis. Semina pauca, im- bricata, lineari-oblonga, compressa, margine ala membra- nacea cincta, ventre convexa, dorso carinata. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi tenui rectus, cotyledonibus lineari- bus, subcompressis, radiculam cylindraceam inferam medio wquantibus.—Frutices Peruviani et Nova Granatenses, folis alternis, petiolatis, oblongis, pseudo-stipulatis, inte- \gerrimis, infra sepissime tomentosis ; racemis terminalibus, paniculatis, calyce corollaque sepius stellato-tomentosis. l. Sessea stipulata, R. & P. Flor. Peruv. 2, 9, tab. 115 b.— Frutex fotidus, orgyalis; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, cordatis, supra glabriusculis, subtus stellato-tomentosis, ferrugineo-incanis ; pseudo-stipulis magnis, auriculæformi- bus, gibbosis, deciduis, racemis alaribus terminalibusque, pedicellis corymbosis.— Peruvia, v. s.—in herb. meo. The branches are glabrous, compressed, and finely striated. The leaves are about 44 in. long, 21 broad, on a petiole 9 lin. long, channelled and tomentous, the internodes being about 14 in. apart. The stem of the axile raceme exhibits Sometimes a few small leaves, but it is generally bare for the length of 3 inches, when it spreads into a close branch- hg tomentous panicle of flowers ; the terminal peduncles are Shorter, closer, and more branched, forming a thyrsoid Panicle ; the pedicels have each a linear, very acute, leaf-like » cuneate at base, and tapering into a long slender = Petiole. The calyx is 3 lin. long, tubular, 5-toothed ; the tube of the corolla above the calyx is funnel-shaped, about 7 lin, long, and the border is divided to the mouth into five 154 CONTRIBUTIONS TO equal oblong segments of the length of 2 lines, with deep inflected æstivation ; both the calyx and corolla are smooth inside, and are covered on the outside with dense stellate tomentum. The stamens are included, the filaments rise from about the middle of the tube, out of as many prominent longitudinal ridges, which are retrorsely pilose, they are quite smooth above; the anthers are deeply cordate, 2-lobed, fixed on the apex of the filament, the lobes being oval and slightly scabrid. The pollen grains are spherical 3-grooved, with alternating convergent lines. "The ovarium is ovate, very sericeous, surmounted on a distinct glabrous stipes, which is surrounded by a short tubular cup, being a persistent portion of the corolla, which here breaks off by a horizontal line as I have described in Alibrewia, a feature I find to be apparent in nearly all the species hitherto placed in the Cestrinee that I have examined. The style is columnar, erect, sulcated, slightly but distinctly scabrid in its entire length, and is longer than the corolla; the stigma is bilabiate, the upper lip being erect and longer than the other, which is somewhat declined. The capsule is curved, cylindrical 4-grooved, about double the length of the persistent calyx, smooth, bursting by four nearly equal fissures that extend half way down. They usually contain two or four seeds in each cell, imbricate in two series ; they are oblong, com- pressed, winged and keeled, much in the same manner as in Metternichia, only smaller and broader in proportion; — the cavity containing the embryo is about 2 lines long äline. - broad, the inner membrane remains attached as a lining = to the cavity, the albumen, which entirely fills the cell, pe is thin and fleshy, and encloses an embryo of the same — cylindrical shape; this is nearly straight, slightly sigmoid in one direction, and a little curved in the other, the cotyledons! — are not broader than the radicle, are semiterete and some" what compressed, and are about half the length of the — inferior radicle.* | i adig 2. Sessea dependens, R. & P., Flor. Peruv. 2, 9, tab. 116.— * This species, with details, is shown in Plate 15 ofthe ** Illustrations of South American Plants." pre THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 155 Arbor 5-orgyalis: ramis pendulis : foliis sparsis petiolatis cordato-oblongis, acutis, integerrimis, subtus valde pul- verulentis; pseudo-stipulis nullis: racemis longissimis, terminalibus, dependentibus, floribus ternis sessilibus.— Tarma, Peruviæ, v. s. in Herb. Mus. Brit. The specimens collected by Dombey, and Ruiz and Pavon, existing in the British Museum, greatly resemble the, figure given in the Flora Peruviana: the stem is flexuose, much com- pressed, and finally glabrous; the leaves are smooth above, pulverulent beneath, with soft stellate hairs; the capsules are twice the length of those of the former species, and half enclosed in the persistent calyx, which is finally quite glabrous, 3. Sessea vestita. Cestrum vestitum, Hook. Icon. pl. tab. 381.—Frutex, ramulis compressis demum glabris: foliis oblongis, acutis, basi obtusis, petiolatis, nervis sub 8-jugis, | venisque reticulatis superne impressis, supra glabris, subtus petiolis ramulis corymbisque tomento incano vel subfulvo dense vestitis, pilis apice stellatis vel articulatis et plumosis ; pseudo-stipulis nullis; corymbis terminalibus densifloris ; Corolle tubo gracili fulvo-tomentoso; ovario tomento stellato dense vestito; capsula glabra subincurva.—Nova Granada, v. s. im Herb. Hooker. Paramo de Quindiü, (Goudot.) Quito, Pichincha et Tambillo, (Jameson, n. 185 et 67.) This is described as a tree of middle size, growing at an elevation of about 9000 feet above the level of the Sea. The leaves are from 3i to 4} in. long, 14 to 2 in. oad, on a petiole 6 lines in length; they are shining above, quite glabrous, with impressed reticulate veins, which give the older leaves a very rugous appearance. The flowers, Peduncles and branchlets are covered with very dense "^caous or fulvous down, the hairs of which are stellate at the apex, but on the under side of the leaves, this tomentum consists of hairs composed of many short joints, Which are stellate at each articulation, so that they appear =- < Shtly plumose. The corymbs are much branched and densely flowered, the whole being covered with close fulvous 156 CONTRIBUTIONS TO tomentum; the calyx is obconical truncated, with five promi- nent nervures, and as many almost obsolete teeth, and is 1} line long; the corolla is 8 lines long, with a very slender funnel-shaped tube, nearly smooth within, the border consists of five short erect lobes, which have a conduplicate æsti- vation ; the stamens arise somewhat below the middle of the tube, are a little geniculate, and slighty pubescent at base, slender, straight, and glabrous above, and recurved at the apex; the anthers are included, with ovate adnate lobes, which are attached at a dorsal point to the apex. of the filament. The ovarium is fixed on a distinct glabrous column equal to its own length; it is oval, densely covered with white stellate hairs, and is somewhat umbilicate af the apex, out of which rises a long slender glabrous style, somewhat longer than the stamens; the stigma is 2-lamel- late. The capsule is cylindrical, 4-grooved, somewhat in- curved, and half invested by the persistent calyx, is 6 lines long and 1 line diameter, splits into two valves, which are 2-fid at the apex ; the seeds are small and winged, as in the first described species. 4. Sessea corymbosa, (n. sp.)J—Frutex, omnino glaberrimus, ramulis subcompressis; foliis approximatis, petiolatis, cuneato-oblongis, supra lucidis, subtus pallidioribus, glan- | dulis minutis creberrimis albis notatis, pinnato-nerviis, nervis primariis divaricatis, 16-20 jugis cum alteris in- termediis brevioribus, reticulato-venosis, pseudo-stipulis | nullis: racemis corymbosis terminalibus, floribus sessili- d bus.—Nova Granada, v. s. in Herb. Hooker, Daph d Barro Blanco, (Goudot), S. corymbosa, MSS. This species differs from all the preceding in being wholly free from any pubescence, except externally on the inflected portion of the lobes of the corolla. The leaves are smooth above, of a clear dead green colour; the nerves and reticu- - lated veins are prominent; beneath, they have a somewhat ferrugineous hue, but under a lens the lower surface i$ very closely covered with minute white glandular raised dots; - their length is 5 inches, their breadth 13 to 2 inches, upon è — petiole ł in. long, which is thick and rounded below, some THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 157 what flattened above, and of a glaucous hue. The flowers are sessile, and arranged in a branching few-flowered corymb ; the calyx is 3 lines long, the corolla 8 lines in length, funnel- shaped, about 2 lines in diameter, with five rather short, erect teeth; the filaments, of unequal length, are fixed below the middle of the tube, have a few recurved hairs at base, but are glabrous above ; the ovarium, which rises on a short glandular column, is glabrous, as well as the long, slender, and slightly incurved style; the stigma is somewhat larger, 2-lipped, and inclined; the capsule is shorter and thicker than in the preceding species, being half invested by the persistent calyx, about 6 lines long, 2 lines in diameter, and somewhat curved; there are two seeds matured in each cell, which are broadly winged, with a slender longitudinal keel. "The form of the embryo corresponds with that of the first described species. CESTRUM. During my residence in Rio de Janeiro, I found in its neighbourhood and in the Organ Mountains, several species of Cestrum ; and as I do not find them recorded, I will here offer a short diagnosis of their characters. In order to explain the views before proposed, in regard to the distribution of the Rectembryeæ, and as a term of comparison between. this genus and others included in this sub-order, I will first give a Somewhat amended character, in accordance with observa- tions made upon several species that I examined in the living State, Cestrum, Linn. (char. emendat.)—Calyz parvus, tubulosus, 5-fidus, vel 5-dentatus, persistens. Corolla hypogyna, in- fundibuliformis, tubo elongato, superne ampliato, limbo _5-partito, patenti vel revoluto, æstivatione conduplicativo. —. Stamina 5, medio corolle tubo inserta, inclusa, filamentis _ simplicibus, vel basi dente auctis, antheris longitudinaliter . dehiscentibus. Ovarium ovatum, breviter stipitatum, sti- pite vix glanduloso cyatho (corolle reliquo) circumdato, 158 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 2-loculare, dissepimento medio placentifero, ovulis paucis, spermadermis ligulatis suspensis. Stylus simplex. Stigma sub-2-lobum, vel coneavo-capitatum. Bacca calyce suf- fulta, 2-locularis, vel abortu 1-locularis. Semina pauca, compressa, dorso rotundata, facie interna angulata, hilo ventrali. Æmbryo in axi albuminis carnosi rectus, coty- ledonibus parvis, orbiculatis, compressis, radicula tereti infera.— Frutices Americe tropice, foliis alternis, solitariis varius geminis, integerrimis, interdum pseudo-stipulatis ; floribus racemosis ; racemis bracteatis, axillaribus, elongatis, vel in corymbum, spicam, aut fasciculam abbreviatis ; floribus sepe suaveolentibus, corollis luteis, rarius viridescenti-albi- dis, aurantiacis vel rubris; baccis nigris aut violascen- tibus. The following are the new species above alluded to. 1. Cestrum Organense (n. sp.)—glaberrimum, ramulis tereti- - bus ; foliis ellipticis, utrinque acuminatis, submembranaceis, in petiolum basi tumidum subdecurrentibus ; racemis axil- laribus, floribus subcapitatis, bracteis foliosis magnis oblon- gis sessilibus, corollæ fere longitudine ; staminibus insertione barbatis, edentulis.—Rio de Janeiro, Serra Organensl, v. v. : This species approaches Cestrum bracteatum, (Link et Otto, Pl. Select. 1. tab. 6. Bot. Mag. 2974), but its leaves are neither lanceolate nor pubescent, nor have they any pseudo-stipules: they are 5 in. long, 12 broad, on a petiole = 6 to 8 lines in length. The peduncles of the racemes arè — from 2 to 3 in. long: the bracts are 6 lines long, 4 lines broad, —— with ciliate margins; the calyx is glabrous, tubular, 1 line — long, with 5 short, erect, ciliolate teeth: the corolla witha very — slender tube, swollen below the mouth, is 9 lines long, with 3 — rotate border, the margins of the lobes externally are tomen" — tous for one-third of their breadth on each side, which are turned in during æstivation, so that they adhere together ve these broad woolly surfaces: the included stamens are m- serted above the middle of the tube, and arise out of as many - tufts of spreading hairs, the anthers are rounded, 2-lobed - THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. ‘159 and somewhat scabrid : the pollen is compressed, 3-gonous, with a small rounded lobe at each angle, from which 3 con- vergent lines meet in the centre: the ovarium is supported upon a short, distinct, but somewhat slender column, which in many species is somewhat glandular, and this is sur- rounded by the persistent base of the corolla, which inva- riably breaks off as it falls, by a horizontal line, leaving a cylindrical cup: the ovarium is divided into 2 cells by a dis- sepiment, which presents in its centre a thickened placenta- tion, and upon this are suspended, by a short ligular strap, upon their ventral faces, a small number of ovaria in each cell : the style is filamentous, glabrous, and of the length of the tube of the corolla: the stigma is capitate, being formed of 2 lamellar lobes, whose inner surfaces are covered with a thick green glutinous exudation: the berry is oval, scarcely fleshy, and each cell presents 4 ripened seeds: these are somewhat obovate, rounded on the outside, and angular on the inner face, a little above the centre of which is the hilum, from which the seed is suspended by its short ligular strap : the testa is of a dark green colour, of very soft texture when fully ripe: the albumen is soft and fleshy, in the centre of Which is seen the erect embryo, which is white, and as in most other Cestrineæ, lays longitudinally across the hilum, the cotyledons are small, flat, and rounded, two-thirds of the and twice the breadth of the terete radicle, which Points towards the bottom of the seed.* 2. Cestrum lanceolatum (n. sp.)—ramulis teretibus virgatis, foliis elongato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, margine subundu- is, revolutis, basi rotundatis, apice mucronatis, utrin- que glabris, breviter petiolatis; racemis axillaribus, brevi- us, paucifloris.— Rio de Janeiro, Serra Organensi. v. v. ‘ne leaves are 4 in. long, 8 lines broad, on a caniculate Pétiole, 3 lines in length : they have no pseudo-stipules. The Tacemes are 9 lines long, which I found only in seed: the E Plats Presentation of this species, with detailed sections, is shown in _ i 16, of the * Illustrations of South American Plants." 160 CONTRIBUTIONS TO berry is oblong, contracted below, supported on a calyx appa- rently but little enlarged, and contains 2 or 3 seeds in each cell ; the seeds correspond with those of the last species. 3. Cestrum collinum (n. sp.)—ramulis compressis junioribus angulatis, tomentosis: foliis lanceolatis, basi rotundatis, apice acuminatis, apiculatis, supra nitidis, subtus stellato- pulverulentis, petiolatis : paniculis terminalibus, vel racemis axillaribus, abbreviatis, subumbellato-capitatis, pedunculis calycibusque tomentosis, baccis pisiformibus.—Rio de Ja- neiro, Corcovado. v. v. The leaves of this species are 5 in, long, and 1} in. broad, on a petiole 5 lines long, which is swollen at base. 4. Cestrum Corcovadense (n. sp.)—ramulis teretibus: foliis ellipticis, utrinque sub-attenuatis, glaberrimis, petiolo gra- cili basi tumido, pseudo-stipulis sessilibus, inæquilateris : racemis axillaribus brevissimis, floribus subcapitatis, sta- minibus edentulis, inclusis, insertione villosis: baccis pisi- formibus.—Rio de Janeiro, Monte Corcovado. v. v. The leaves are of thin texture, with numerous reticulate veins, 8 in. long, 33 in. broad, on a petiole | in. long: the pseudo-stipules are 9 lin. long, 4 lin. broad: the racemes are only 9 lines long, the corolla with a very smooth tube is 9 lines long, the lobes of the border being deeply turned in, where in æstivation the margins adhere by these br tomentous edges, the stamens are one-third the length of the corolla. : 5. Cestrum mucronatum (n. sp.)—ramulis sub compressis — folis petiolatis, exstipulatis, ellipticis, utrinque a 5 ete viridescentibus, apice valde attenuatis, calloque apicu marginibus subrevolutis et crassioribus; racemis bus, geminis, compositis ; baccis oblongis.— Brasiliæ, Prov. Rio de Janeiro, ad Freixal. v. v. The leaves of this species are 4 in. long and 14 in. + on a canicular petiole, 6 lines long ; the racemes are ue 1i to 31 in. long; the calyx is campanular, 5-toothed, % ciliate margins. THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 161 6. Cestrum montanum (n. sp.)—glaberrimum, ramulis tereti- bus, virgatis, superne subangulatis ; foliis lineari-lanceola- tis, valde acuminatis, petiolatis, pseudo-stipulis foliosis ; racemis axillaribus, compositis, pedunculo, pedicellisque compressis, apice tumidis, bracteis linearibus, caducissimis, staminibus inclusis, filamentis tenuibus, dente parvo mu- nitis.— Brasilia, in montibus Organensibus. v. v. The leaves are 41 in. long and 11 lines broad, with 14 pairs of divaricate nervures, on a slender petiole, 6 lin. long; the pseudo-stipules are spathulately ovate, 5 lines long, 3 lin. broad; the racemes are 2 in. long, and the pedicels 3 lines. The calyx is tubular, 1 line long, 5-toothed, with ciliate margins, the tube of the corolla is slender, 8 lin. long, swollen atthe mouth, the border is expanded with lanceolate lobes and tomentous plicate edges, the filaments, one-third of its length, being inserted above the middle of the tube; the Stigma is cup-shaped, hollow, somewhat 2-lobed, and exserted; the bracts are 2 lin. long, and very soon fall away. i 7. Cestrum coriaceum (n. sp.)—ramulis teretibus, furfuraceis ; foliis lanceolato-ellipticis, coriaceis, superne nitidis, subtus glaucis, rugosis, marginibus subrevolutis, petiolo crasso, caniculato, pseudo-stipulis nullis, floribus paucis axillaribus, vix racemosis, subfasciculatis, bracteis linearibus, stamini- bus edentulis, inclusis, medio corolle insertis, filamentis - Blabris, basi hirsutis.—Minas Geraes Brasiliæ, v. s. in herb. meo, et Herb. Hooker, (Gardner, n. 1786, et Claussen.) — This is very distinct from C. corymbosum in its much larger and more coriaceous leaves and longer petiole, in its axillary flowers, in the insertion of the stamens, and other characters, It differs also from C. laurifolium in the size of its, leaves, and its edentulate stamens. The leaves are very : thick and opaque, 9 in. long and 34 in. broad, on a petiole % lin, long. The peduncle of the raceme is barely 3 lines in length, few-flowered, with linear bracts, 1 line long. The calyx is campanulate, glabrous, 5-toothed, 14 line long, the VOL, M. j N be 162 CONTRIBUTIONS TO tube of the corolla is funnel-shaped, smooth, 6 lines long, the induplicate margins of the lobes being tomentous in æstiva- tion, but afterwards quite smooth. FABIANA. This genus was first proposed by the authors of the Flora Peruv. for a small sea-side shrub of almost ericaceous habit, with erect terminal solitary flowers. Two other species, likewise of Chilean growth, are enumerated in the Botany of Beechy's Voyage; and a fourth is recorded by St. Hilaire, from the southernmost province of Brazil. To these I have now to add a fifth species, which I collected in the Paramillo of Mendoza,in 1825. This genus by most authors has been placed in the sub-tribe Nicotianee ; Lindley, however, in his Introd. Nat. Syst. p. 296, has arranged it in Cestrinee, 1 believe, on the authority of Bentham; I can fully confirm this disposition, for reasons founded on its carpological cha- racters, (ante, p.147). Having seen the typical species. 8$ well as the plant above alluded to, in the living state, and collected it in seed, I am provided with data sufficient to justify the following reformation of its generic features. Fan1ANA, R. et P. Prod. 22, tab. 34.— Calya tubulosus, in- æqualiter quinquefidus, lobis linearibus obtusis persistens — . Corolla hypogyna, subhypocrateriformis, tubo sensim am- pliato, limbo plicato, reflexo, breviter 5-lobo. Stamina 5, — imo corolle inserta, inclusa, inæquilonga, apice incurvb — antheris cordato-2-lobis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus.- Ovarium breviter stipitatum, glandulis 2 hypogynis liberis — carnosis munitum, multiovulatum, placentis sub-lamellatis _ dissepimento adnatis. Stylus simplex, apice incrassato — curvatus, Stigma 2-lobum, obliquum, lamellis incrassatis: — Capsula calyce stipata, 2-locularis, septicido-2-valvis, valvi- bus apice 2-fidis, margine utrinque septiferis, introflexi® columna placentari compressa, libera. Semina plurima, minima, ovata, facie interna angulata, hilo ventrali. Enr THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA, 163 bryo intra albumen carnosum fere rectus, cotyledonibus oblongis, compressis, radicula infera, tereti, vix latioribus, et duplo brevioribus.—Fruticuli Austro-Americani, viscosi, vel resinosi ; foliis alternis, sparsis, vel imbricatis ; pedun- culis, extra-axillaribus, vel terminalibus, solitariis, unifloris. l. Fabiana imbricata, R. et P. Flor. Per. 2. 12, tab. 122 c. Hooker, Icon. Pl. tab. 340. Lind. Bot. Reg. n.s. 19. tab. 59. — Chile in paludosis maritimis, vernacule Pichi. v. v. 2. Fabiana viscosa, Hook. et Arn. loc. cit. 36.—Chile ad Barasca, vernacule Pichinilla. 3. Fabiana thymifolia, St. Hil. Mem. Mus. 12, 317, tab. 9. Pl. Remarg. Bres. 220, tab. 20.—Rio Grande do Sul, Bra- ziliæ, — 4. Fabiana denudata (n. sp.)—fruticosa, resinoso-glutinosa, virgato-ramulosa, ramulis flexuosis angulatis fere aphyllis : foliis valde deciduis, alternis, minimis, lineari-spathulatis, obtusis, carnosis : floribus terminalibus, solitariis, bractea- tis, breviter pedunculatis, erectis.—In Andibus Mendocinis (Paramillo). v. v. | This is a dry, arid-looking shrub, that I found growing on the Paramillo of Mendoza, in January, 1825; it is about 3 or 4 feet high, almost leafless, with numerous, erect, virgate, Very flexuose branchlets, which are angular, resinous, and Somewhat glutinous, with internodes about tin. apart; the leaves are extremely deciduous, very minute, linear, scarcely more than a line in length, and extremely narrow. The flowers are smaller than those of F. imbricata, solitary, erect and terminal, upon the younger branchlets. The Calyx is tubular, 3 lines long, with 5 erect linear teeth 9ne third of its length; the corolla is tubular, slender, a little swollen at base, rather funnel-shaped in the mouth, 9 lines long, of a yellowish-white colour, quite - = Slabrous, with a 5-lobed border, the segments being short, . founded, and reflected. The filaments are slender, arising E from the base of the corolla, to which they adhere for a short = distance, being somewhat dilated at base, they are nearly the length of the tube, 3 being somewhat shorter, they are sud- | = N2 164 CONTRIBUTIONS TO denly reflected a little below the apex, and terminate in a short pulvinate connective, to which the 2 anther lobes are attached, these being somewhat divaricate at base. The pollen (like that of Cestrum organense), is compressed, trigonous, with a small rounded lobe at each angle, from which 3 con- vergent lines meet in the centre. The ovarium is obovate, shining, stipitate, and invested at base by a free fleshy dise, consisting of 2 broad lobes, arising from the stipes: (in F. im- bricata these lobes are narrow, opposite, quite separate, and erect). The style is filiform, as long as the stamens, incurved towards the summit, where it is considerably thickened; the stigma is thick, clavate, oblique, with two rather reflected lamellar lips. The capsule is cylindrical, about 5 lines long, and 1} line diameter, invested at base by the persistent calyx; — it splits into 2 valves, the margins of which are deeply intro- flected, and the summit of each valve is cleft about one- fourth of its length: the placentary column is placed trans- versely with the valves, and shows a number of small projec- tions arranged in longitudinal series, which have been the ? points of attachment of the seeds. The seeds are numerous and small, oval, rounded on the dorsal side, and angular on the ventral face, the hilum being here situated a little above — the middle. The embryo placed in the centre of fleshy albu- — men is linear, almost straight, or very slightly sigmoid, the — radicle is terete, with cotyledons one-fourth of its length, — which are equal to it in breadth, and slightly compressed. — — I may here remark, that the Fabiana lanuginosa, Hook. - Arn. Bot. Beechy’s Voyage 35, is the Dolia vermiculata, Lindl- (see Vol. 4. p. 502). As the plants collected in that exp? - dition offered no specimen in seed, there was every reason for considering it to be a Fabiana, the flower and the habit of 7 which it so much resembles, rather than the type of a new genus among the Nolanacee. ; NIEREMBERGIA. I have already offered some reasons (p. 147) for aborde why this genus,. hitherto considered as belonging to Nicotiane® THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 165 should be separated from that sub-tribe. Several species are . now cultivated in England, so that it is not requisite to enter into any particular details, but it is essential to define the exactlimits of this genus, especially as much resemblance exists between several of its species and some kinds of Petu- nia and Nicotiana, which often renders it difficult, from mere external form, to determine to which of these three genera they should be referred. It is, however, distinguished by having the divisions of the calyx usually acute and rigid, not foliaceous ; the tube of the corolla is usually very elon- gated, and more slender than in the Petunoid section of Nico- tiana, though it sometimes approaches in form to some of the smaller flowering Petunias ; the stamens are generally inserted in the mouth of the corolla, rarely in the middle of the tube; but its most prominent characteristic, is that of the peculiar form of the stigma, which is in the shape of an in- verted crescent, with its horns curved round in front, embrac- ing the anthers within its grasp; the capsule also differs from that of the two genera above-mentioned, by having its valves scarcely, if at all, introflexed. I have already pointed out the difference in its stipitate ovarium, and in the form of its pollen grains, in which respects, and in its distinctly bilamel- lar stigma, it affords a close approximation to Fabiana. In order to remove the doubts that may exist in regard to the Several species of this genus, I will offer a short enumeration of each, with the more striking characters, as far as I have been able to observe them, and will add some new species that I met with in 1825, together with a few others, yet undescribed, that exist in the herbarium of Sir Wm. Hooker; Propose to amend the generic character in accordance with ese observations, in the following manner. IEREMBERGIA, R. et P.— Calyx tubulosus, 10-costatus, semi 5-fidus, laciniis linearibus, subinæqualibus, acuminatis. Co- - _ Polla hypogyna, tubulosa, tubo gracili, elongato, rarius sub- . Wmfundibuliformi, ore campanulato, limbo amplo, expanso, breviter 5-lobo, lobis rotundatis, æstivatione plicato. Sta- mma 5, corollæ fauci, rarius medio inserta, exserta, raris- 166 ^ CONTRIBUTIONS TO sime inclusa, inæquilonga, circa stylum conniventia; an- theris longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, stigmate circumplexis. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, 2-loculare, placentis dissepi- mento adnatis, multiovulatis, cyatho (corollæ reliquo) demum circumdatum. Stylus simplex. Stigma sub- laterale, oblunato-bilamellatum, lamellis reflexis. Capsula calyce persistente tecta, 2-locularis, septicide 2-valvis, valvis introflexis demum 2-partitis, dissepimento placen- tari libero. Semina plurima, minima, ovata, facie interna angulata, hilo ventrali. JEmóryo intra albumen carnosum fere rectus, cotyledonibus oblongis, compressis, radicula .infera tereti vix latioribus, et longitudine æquantibus— Herbæ Austro-Americane procumbentes vel radicantes, viz suffruticulose, folis alternis solitariis v. geminis integerri- mis, foribus extra-axillaribus vel oppositifoliis, solitariis, subsessilibus, albis vel violascentibus. 1. Nierembergia repens, R. et P. Fl. Per. 2, 13, tab. 123 c.— Caule basi repente, ramulis erectis filiformibus; foliis sub- |. fasciculatis, oblongis, pilosulis; floribus subsessilibus, Cà" — lyce curvato, tubuloso, lobis obtusiusculis.—Chile ad Con- ceptionem.—v. s. in Herb. Hook. (Cuming. n. 135.) — The leaves in the specimens I have seen are ovate, about — 5 lines long, 3 lines broad, on a short petiole of 2 lines, they — are thinly covered with short pubescence; the calyx is about 3 lines long, also pubescent; the corolla is white, with a long slender tube, about an inch in length, and a broad campanu- late border, nearly 9 lines diameter, divided into 5 rather short, rounded lobes, each of which is marked with 3 purple longitudinal lines, the throat being of a yellowish colour. — 2. Nierembergia spathulata, H. B. K. nov. gen. sp. 3, gie Caule lignoso repente, fibrillis tuberoso-nodosis ; ramulis erectis filiformibus puberulis; foliis solitariis vel geminis. elliptico-spathulatis, longe petiolatis, glabris margine cilio- latis, junioribus lanuginoso-pubescentibus; calyce subsessili ; curvato, tubuloso, pulverulento-tomentoso, laciniis obtusis. — Nova Granada, ad Santa Fe de Bogota et Loxam; altit.- 6-8000 ped. v. s. in Herb. Hook. (Bogota, Goudot.) | THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA, 167 The leaves are nearly glabrous, or slightly ciliolate, the blade elliptic, 6 lines long, 3 lines broad, on a petiole of 6 lines. The calyx is 4 lines long, the tube of the corolla 8 lines long, the border being more tubular and narrower in the mouth than the former species, and much less in diameter. 3. Nierembergia calycina, Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 3371.—Caule repente, filiformi, ramulis procumbentibus, foliisque alternis v. geminis, obovatis, petiolatis, hirto-pubescentibus, pilis canis divaricatis ; pedunculis solitariis, brevibus, extra-axil- laribus; calyce magno, tubuloso-campanulato, laciniis obo- vatis, foliaceis, expansis; corollæ tubo longissimo.—In Andibus, prope Mendozam. v. s. in Herb. Hooker. This species is very distinct from the two former, the axils are more distant, the leaves generally in pairs, obovate, sud- denly acuminate at each end, 9 lines long, 5-6 lines broad, on a short petiole of 2 lines, they are hirsutulate, with long, white, spreading, adpressed hairs ; the peduncles 9 to 11 lines long ; the calyx about 9 lines long, is tubular at base, for the length of 3 lines, the lobes being broad, foliaceous, obovato-spathu- late, slightly apiculate, with a row of long spreading hairs on each side of the mid-rib; the tube of the corolla is extremely slender, 2 inches long, the border broadly campanulate, 13 in. diameter, with 5 rounded lobes, the throat and tube being of a yellowish hue. 4. Nierembergia rivularis (n. sp.)—Caule repente, filiformi, ramulis procumbentibus, foliisque longissime petiolatis, Spathulato-ovatis glabris; floribus solitariis subsessilibus, . Oppositifoliis; calyce curvato, laciniis oblongis, subobtusis, erectis; corolle tubo valde elongato, glabro.— Buenos Ayres. v. v. I found this plant on the grassy banks of the Rio de la Plata, the prostrate branches creeping among the grass, above E Which rise its pretty white flowers. "The leaves are alternate, . More rarely geminate, quite glabrous, the blade is from 9 to 1? lines long, 4 to 6 lines broad, elliptic, somewhat obtuse ; at summit, cuneate at base, on a slender petiole 14 long. The flower is solitary upon a short horizontal peduncle, 1 line 168 CONTRIBUTIONS TO long ; the calyx is curved and slightly pubescent, 10-nerved, 4 lines long, with unequal, oblong and somewhat obtuse seg- ments; the corolla is glabrous, with a very slender tube, 21 inches long, 1 line thick, its border is broadly campanulate, nearly an inch in diameter, with 5 short rounded lobes; the stamens are exserted, fixed in the extreme edge of the tube, - quite smooth. 5. Nierembergia Aippomanica (n. sp.)— Trav. Chile. 2, 532.— Planta scabrido-pilosa, caule lignoso, humifuso, radicante; ramulis brevibus adscendentibus ; foliis confertis, spathu- lato-linearibus, acuminatis, calloso-mucronatis; floribus, parvis, subpaniculatis ; calyce brevi, 10-carinato, lobis — linearibus, patulis; corollæ tubo gracili, brevi, calyce 2-plo — longiori, glanduloso-pubescenti, limbo late campanulato, lobis rotundatis.—Provincias Argentinas, vernacule Chu- chu. v. v. a. folus confertis, lanceolato-linearibus, valde approxima- tis, scabrido-pilosis. In Prov. Cordove et San Ludov. — B. foliis glaucis, glabriusculis, brevibus, anguste linearibtte ta Achiras. This is a low-growing species, disseminated in certain. x pasturage districts within the Provinces of San Luiz and Cordova, and is said by the Gauchos to be very poisonous to horses. The root is much thicker, more tor- - tuous and woody than the former species, creeping along the surface of the ground, and throwing up several woody erect branching stems, 4 to 6 inches high, which are with close-set foliage. The leaves are 4 lines long, 4 Jin. ; broad, linear, and spathulate, covered with dense s : hairs. The peduncles are 1 line long, the calyx 2 lines, tl tube of the corolla 3 to 4 lines long, with a bread campani- late border, 5 lines diameter, and is of a white colour, with a rosy hue.* 6. Nierembergia ericoides "e ep )=Caulo adscendente, ramie *'A representation ef this species is shown in Plate 18 of the “a : tions of South American Plants," I 455 THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 169 lis erectis virgatis ; foliis brevibus sub-fasciculatis, breviter linearibus, obtusis, carnosulis, scabrido-pilosis, calyce 10- costato, costis hirsutulis.— Banda oriental. (Tweedie, v. s. in Herb. Hooker). This species approaches the last, but is very different in habit, being much branched, with straight virgate stems, and growing to the height of 12 to 18 inches, whereas the other seldom exceeds 3 to 6 inches in height, is tortuous and greatly stunted. The leaves are fasciculate, much more fleshy, more scabrid, and the axils are more diffuse. The flowers are covered with simple, not glandular pubescence, are much larger, and the tube of the corolla is longer in proportion to the calyx; the leaves are sessile, about 3 lin. long, and barely a line broad ; the calyx is covered with long hairs, and is 2 to 3 lines long, on a peduncle of 2 lines; the tube of the corolla is 5 lines long, and the broadly campanulate border is from 6 to 8 lines in diameter, and of a white colour; the capsule is small and ovate. peo 7. Nierembergia gracilis, Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 3108. Sweet. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. tab. 172 ;—caulibus strictis, erectis, her- . baceis, foliisque spathulato-linearibus, pubescentibus, axillis | Superioribus alternis, inferioribus subverticillatis, internodiis brevibus ; floribus in ramulis junioribus terminalibus, ca- lyce tubuloso 10-costato, inter costas membranaceo, laci- _ Argent. (Pampas.) v. s. in Herb. Hooker, = = This is a far more erect and slender species than N. hippo- manica, its stems being of a less woody texture: its leaves re not fasciculate as in the two preceding species, but are simple, very linear, about 7 lines long, and 1 line broad, Sometimes smaller. It is a well known plant in our gardens, Where, however, its habit is still more slender, its stems — Weaker, and more prostrate than in its native growth. — . niis linearibus, obtusis, corolla tubo calyce multo longiori, | : v limbi campanulati lobis rotundatis. — Bonaria et Prov. Ut 170 CONTRIBUTIONS TO lineari-lanceolatis, vagis, glabris ; pedunculis oppositifoliis, solitariis, calycis laciniis acuminatis, corolle tubo gracili calyce vix longiori, filamentisque glanduloso-pubescentibus, limbo magno, campanulato, lilacino, fauce luteo.—Bonaria, v. s. in Herb. Hooker. Rio Parana, (Tweedie). Entre-Rios, (Tweedie) n. 284. Rio Grande do Sul (Isabelle). Its native place is erroneously stated in most botanical works, to be Mexico. The leaves are 12 to 14 lines long, 1$ line broad, somewhat spathulate at base, a little obtuse at summit, with rather distant internodes. The calyx is 10- nerved, the nervures being covered with short pruinose tomentum, is 6 lines long, cleft half way down into 5 subequal, linear, obtuse segments. The tube of the corolla — to the extremity of the calyx is slender, above which, for an equal length, it swells into a broadly campanular form, the border about 14 inch diameter, being expanded and divided for half its breadth into 5 subequal short rounded lobes; it is slightly pubescent outside, of a lilac colour marked with purplish lines. de 9. Nierembergia angustifolia; HBK. Nov. Gen. 3, 9, tab. 198: —— —caulibus herbaceis, cæspitosis, erectiusculis ; folus po silibus, lineari-lanceolatis, glabris, pedunculis oppositifolils, _ solitariis; calycis laciniis longe linearibus, acutis, corollæ tubo elongato, glabro, limbo campanulato, lobis brevissi- mis, rotundatis.— Mexico. This species much resembles the last in habit, the leaves. 8 lines long, 1 lin. broad, are spathulate at the base. +4 peduncle is 2 lines, the calyx 5 lines, the tube being scarcel more than 1 line in length, the segments narrow and spr ge ing; the tube of the corolla is 6 lines long, and the whi campanular border, 5 lines in diameter. In the figure abo quoted, the filaments are represented as united into 4 tube, and the stigma funnel-shaped, but these are probably : errors of the draughtsman, being quite at variance with the other species. 10. Nierembergia aristata; Sweet, Fl. Gard. 2 ser. tab. 2 glabriuscula, caulibus lignosis, erectis, valde ramosis, THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 171 cile filiformibus: foliis spathulato linearibus, obtusiusculis, calloso-mucronatis, calyce urceolato tubuloso, 10-costato, inter costas membranaceis, laciniis æqualibus lanceolato- acuminatis, calloso-aristatis, subpatulis; corolle tubo gracili, glanduloso-pubescenti, limbo late campanulato, lobis amplis rotundatis; capsula ovata, calyce aucta in- clusa.— Provincias Argentinas. v. v. i I met with this species at Encrucijada, in the Province of San Luiz, and in Buenos Ayres, in which last place it was also found by Tweedie, from whom the seeds cultivated in Eng- land were obtained; from the former locality, the branches are stronger, and more ligneous ; but shorter, more branched, and more herbaceous from the latter. The leaves are 3 to 1 inch long, 1 line broad, almost glabrous, the internodes mea- suring 4 lines: the peduncle is of the length of the axil, 4 lines, opposite the leaf, and flexuosely divaricate with the stem, which is, however, quite straight below; the calyx, almost glabrous, is 4 lines long, cleft half way down into 5 spreading rigid lobes, the tube of the corolla is extremely slender, 6 lines long, the border being about $ inch diameter, dt is white, with longitudinal striated purple lines. The cap- sule is about 4 lines long and sub-4-valved. ll. Nierembergia stricta, (n. sp.) — glabriuscula, caulibus simplicibus, lignosis, erectis, gracillimis, strictis : foliis spa- thulato-linearibus, acuminatis, calloso-mucronatis, eveniis, utrinque glabris, margine sub-ciliatis : pedunculis oppositi- foliis ; calyce 10-costato glabro, costis ciliatis, laciniis spa- thulato-lanceolatis, aristatis, erectis, inæqualibus, tubo 3plo-longioribus, corolle tubo valde elongato, glanduloso- . pubescenti, calyce 3-4plo longiori, limbo late campanulato, - lobis brevissimis rotundatis.—Buenos Ayres, v. 8. in herb. meo. iu e This plant may be only a variety of N. aristata, but it cer- tainly differs from it in having very slender simple stems with more distant internodes, and only 1 or 2 terminal Wers; its calyx has shorter, broader, and more erect seg- ments, and the corolla is larger, with a far more elongated : : o 2 172 CONTRIBUTIONS TO tube: the leaves are 1 inch to 14, or even 20 lines long, 11-2 lines broad, the internodes being 5 to 9 lines distant; the peduncle is 3 lines, the calyx 7 lines long, obsoletely 10- ribbed, the segments are 5 lines in length, the space between the ribs not being white and membranaceous as in the former species: the tube of the corolla is extremely slender, 12-2 in. long, the border measuring 10 lines in diameter.* 19. Nierembergia rigida (n. sp.) Trav. Chile. 2.532 ;—glaber- rima, caulibus ramosis erectis, valde flexuosis, filiformibus, striatulis : foliis angustissime linearibus, 3-costatis, mucro- nato-aristatis: pedunculis solitariis, brevibus, oppositifolis, calyce 10-costato, laciniis linearibus, rigidis, aristatis, tubo 3-plo longioribus ; corollæ tubo gracili, pubescenti, limbo late campanulato, lobis rotundatis.—In Prov. Argentinis et Andibus Mendosinis: Rio Negro (Patagonica), Tweedie, v. v. et s. in herb. Hook. I found this very distinct species at Punta de Agua and Achiras, in the Province of Cordova, about 550 miles from Buenos Ayres: it was met with in the Pampas by Dr. Gillies, who also collected it in the Cordillera of Mendoza —— 'The stems, which arise from a long slender ligneous root, are from 6 to 8 inches high, very filiform, extremely flexuose; with internodes 3 lines distant: the very rigid leaves are 15 lines long, not more than one sixth ofa line broad, and somewhat falcate and spreading : the peduncle is 3 lines in length ; the . calyx, 6 or 7 lines long, is furnished with very short and | almost glandular white pubescence, the tube being only ? lines, has 10 very prominent ribs, and 5 rigid linear segments - nearly a line broad, tapering gradually to a sharp point, each 3-nerved : the tube of the corolla is 9 lines long, with 2 white campanular border, nearly an inch in diameter, ‘having | 5 oblong rounded lobes, with purple longitudinal lines ; the stamens, fixed in the mouth of the tube, are slightly PU bescent.T | ge UEM * A figure of this species is given in Plate 19 of the “ Illustrations ‘ South American Plants." E OR "a + This species is represented in Plate 19 of the “ Illustrations of South merican Plants." P ce. E E THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 173 18. Nierembergia pinifolia (n. sp.); — caule adscendente lignoso, inferne denudato, ramulisque delapsu foliorum, cicatricosis, apice foliferis; folis imbricato-confertis, erectis, linearibus, 3-costatis, apice mucronatis, caly- ceque rigido 10-costato glanduloso-pubescentibus ; corolla violascenti.—Brasilia meridionali, (Prov. Rio Grande do Sul.) v. s. in herb. Hooker. The leaves are closely imbricated at the summit of the branchlets, nearly erect, and closely imbricated, 11 lines long, 3$ line broad, the calyx is 8 lines long, cleft half way down into 5 equal lanceolate rigid segments, the tube of the corolla is scarcely longer than the calyx, and the campanular border 3 inch diameter, of a lilac hue, is marked with longi- tudinal purple lines. 14. Nierembergia pulchella (n. sp.);—caulibus adscendentibus; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, utrinque acutis, margine apiceque incrassatis, subpubescentibus: calyce subinflato, 10-nervi, pilosulo ; corolla profunde violacea, puberula, tubo gracili, calyce paulo longiori, limbo late campanulato, staminibus ineequalibus.— Cordillera de los Andes, ora orientali. v. s. in herb. Hook. (Gillies MSS. N. pulchella.) The leaves are 11 lines long, on a petiole of 2 lines, and 13 line broad; the calyx is 5 lines long, cleft half way into 5 linear, acuminate, erect segments, it swells in fruit to the length of 7 lines, the tube becoming nearly globular, 23 lines in diameter, the tube of the corolla is 6 lines in length, the ; . border campanulate, 5 lines in diameter, and of a dep. our colour, 15. Nierembergia cerulea (n. sp.) ;—caulibus AO e : pubescentibus; foliis parvis, anguste linearibus, fere fasci- culatis, erectiusculis, falcatis, demum glabris; corolla vio- lacea.— Punta del Sauce, Prov. Cordova. v. s. in herb. Hooker. (Gillies MSS. N. cerulea.) The leaves are 6-7 lines long. 3 lin. Tuv the calyx 3 “lines long, cleft half way in 5 equal, linear, somewhat reflexed : uisus on a ipedande of 2 lines: the tube of the corolla 174 CONTRIBUTIONS TO is slender, 6 lines long, with a border broadly campanulate, 8 lines in diameter, divided into 5 short rounded segments. 16. Nierembergia pubescens, Spr.—N. graveolens, St. Hil. Pl. rem. Bres. 221, tab. 21, A. —caule lignoso, diffuso: foliis oblongo-linearibus, utrinque acuminatis, glanduloso-pilo- siusculis.—M ontevideo. The above figure shows the leaves to be 10 lines long, 2 lines broad, the calyx 7 lines long, cleft half way into 5 lanceolate erect segments, the tube of the corolla 10 lines long and slender, the border broadly campanulate, 6 lines diameter. 17. Nierembergia linifolia (n. sp.); — glanduloso-scabrida, caule lignoso, e basi ramuloso, ramis virgatis, rectiusculis; foliis sessilibus, lanceolato-linearibus, apice callosis; pe- dunculis oppositifoliis, bracteatis, calyce brevi 2-3-plo lon- gioribus ; istius lobis linearibus aristatis; corolle tubo in- fundibuliformi, limbo parvo expanso, 5-lobo: staminibus inclusis.—In Prov. Argentinis. v. v. 3 a, internodiis longioribus, foliis majoribus pallidis, erectis; floribus subflexuoso racemosis.— Mendosa, in herb. meo el Hook. Petunia (Mendozinensis, Gillies MSS.) : B. internodiis brevioribus, foliis divaricatis, floribus subsoli- tariis.—Prov. Cordovæ. In herb. meo et Hook. (Nicotiana linoides, Gillies MSS.) Both varieties of this species, which I found in the - places quoted, in 1826, bear much the appearance of a Linum in habit. It is distinct from all others belonging to the same genus, in the greater length of its peduncle, in its corolla having a much thicker and more infundibuliform tube, with. its stamens included altogether within its mouth, and à narrow border cleft to its base, into oblong reflected seg- ments, in which respects it more nearly resembles Fabiana. In the var. a, the leaves are 4 to 9 lines long, 1 line broad, the internodes 6 to 10 lines distant: in var. B. the leaves are 4-6 lines long, 4 to 1 line broad, the internodes 3 lines apart: the peduncle is 7 lines long; the calyx 3 lines, cleft deeply into 5 linear erect segments ; the tube of the corolla is 6 lines long, THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 175 slender at base, swelling gradually towards the mouth, where it is 13 line broad, the border only 3 lines in diameter, con- sisting of 5 short expanded oblong rounded lobes.* 18. Nierembergia anomala (n. sp.) ;—glabriuscula, suffruticu- losa : caulibus plurimis ramosis adscendentibus : foliis radi- calibus longissime, caulinis breviter petiolatis, oblongo- lanceolatis, utrinque attenuatis, crassiusculis, eveniis, fere glabris, sparse pilosiusculis, junioribus linearibus, floribus- que glanduloso-pilosis, pilis sepissime scabridis patentibus dense tectis; floribus paucis, longe pedunculatis; corollæ tubo infundibuliformi, calyce fere duplo longiori, fauce amplo, limbi 5-fidi lobis parvis rotundatis expansis.—Pro- vincias Argentinas. v. v. in Prov. Cordovæ. v. s. in Herb. Hook. Prov. Cordovæ (Gillies, Nicotiana breviflora, MSS.)— Monte Video et Cordova (Tweedie, No. 1122).—Texas ad San Felipe (Drummond, 3rd Coll. 245).—Chile ad Quillota (Bertero. sec. Colla.) I first saw this plant in May 1826, at Frayle Muerto and Zanjon in the province of Cordova, at a distance of 360 miles from Buenos Ayres, and it was afterwards found by Gillies and Tweedie in the same province, but their specimens are of more slender growth, the stems more virgate and herbaceous, the leaves more distant, narrower, more pubescent and glau- cous than the plants I met with, which in habit closely resem- ble those collected in Texas. The root is repent, knotty and woody, throwing out several erect shoots at intervals, which are from 6 inches to a foot in height : the radical leaves have a slender petiole as long as the blade, being altogether 23 Inches long, and 4 lines broad, the cauline leaves have a petiole scarcely a line in length, and are from 10 to 16 lines long, about the length of the internodes, and are 2 to 5 lines broad, Veinless, erect, and together with the stem, are almost gla- | brous, the younger leaves and branches are, however, covered more or less densely, with short, rigid, spreading, and glutinous * A representation of this species is shown in Plate 20 of the “ Illus- . trations of South American Plants." — 176 CONTRIBUTIONS TO hairs, the floral leaves being linear, narrow, scarcely more than 4 lines long. The flowers are axillary, the peduncle being 8 lines long, lengthening in fruit to 18 lines: the calyx as well as the peduncle is densely covered with short very spreading rigid hairs, somewhat glutinous, it is 3 lines long, tubular, 10-nerved, and divided half way down into 5 une- qual, thickened, linear, obtuse, erect segments ; the corolla is of a whitish, sometimes of a yellowish colour, slightly pubes- cent outside, 5 lines long, quite infundibuliform, marked with 15 longitudinal purplish veins, is enlarged in the mouth, and has a very narrow border of 5 short spreading rounded lobes: the filaments are dilated, fixed in the middle of the — — tube: the ovarium is oblong and smooth: the style is erect, — smooth, as long as the corolla: the stigma is lunulate, or deeply reniform, expanded and embracing the anthers within its encircling rounded lobes: the capSule is smooth, and of the length of the incanescent persistent calyx.* This plant, it may be presumed, is widely disseminated, for I can discover no difference between the specimens from Texas, and those I found in the Pampas of Buenos Ayres, either in their inflorescence, their leaves, or their habit, except that from the latter place the pubescence is short, rigid, - widely spreading, and viscid at the tips, while from the former, it is longer, soft, adpressed, and quite free from glandular viscidity ; but this is not sufficient to constitute 8 - specific difference. ag The plant collected at Quillota in Chile and described and * figured by Colla, (Memorie di Torino, 38, 135, tab. 45), aS my Petunia viscosa,t is evidently the same species. * This species with sectional details is exhibited in Plate 20 of the “ I- lustrations of South American Plants.” Ep c + The plant enumerated by me under this name :Trav. Chile, 2. 531) Bi that subsequently named by Prof, Graham, Nicotiana (Petunioides) acum’ — nata, : í EL THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 177 SPECIES DUBIA: 19. Nierembergia? nana. Nicotiana nana, Lindl. Hort. Trans. 6, 92. Bot. Heg. tab. 833.— Planta acaulis, cæspi- tosa ; foliis confertis, lanceolatis, longe spathulatis, pilosis, floribus multo longioribus; pedunculis 1 floribus, calyce turbinato, glutinoso-piloso, lobis obtusis, corolle tubo calyce 2-plo longiori, pilosulo.—Oregon, Rocky Mountains, v. 8. in Herb. Hook. This plant in no way resembles any species of Nicotiana, and as stated by Dr. Lindley, it is difficult to account for its having been confounded, with N. multivalvis; in habit it greatly resembles the four first species of Nierembergia above enumerated, but a better knowledge of the structure of its flower, is wanting to point out its true position. "The only Specimen I have seen, exists in the herbarium of Sir Wm. Hooker, and that is entirely destitute of inflorescence. VESTIA. This genus consists only of a single well-known species, long since described by many authors, and figured in the Flora Peruviana, under the name of Periphragmos fætidus. _ lfnd, however, many of these recorded features at variance _ With what I have seen, more especially in the figure alluded - .. io, where the structure of the capsule and the seed, is very . Maccurately given. The following is an outline of its generic character, according to my own observations. Vestra Wild. (Char. emendat.)—Calyæ campanulato-tubu- losus, breviter 5-dentatus, dentibus apiculatis, demum auctus et capsulam suffulciens. Corolla hypogyna, infun- - : .. dibuliformi-tubulosa, basi demum circumscissa, limbi 5-fidi L .. lobis æqualibus ovatis, æstivatione conduplicatis. Stamina .. 5, paulo supra basin in contractionem corolle adnata, ex- ‘Serta; filamenta e glandula; crassa dense barbata orta, 178 CONTRIBUTIONS TO basi dilatata, superne filiformia, glabra; anthere cordate, ovate, basifixe, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. ^ Ovarium ovatum, breviter stipitatum, disco annulari crenato striato sessum, cyatho persistente (corolle reliquo) demum clau- sum, 2-loculare, ovulis plurimis, dissepimento utrinque adnatis. Stylus simplex, exsertus. Stigma incrassatum, lamellis 2 carnosis agglutinatis. Capsula ovata, 2-locularis, 2-valvis, valvis fere 2-fidis, dissepimento demum libero medio placentifero parallelis, incrassato. Semina plurima, angulato-ovata, sinu ventrali excavata, hinc supra medium hilo parvo notata, testa tuberculata, striatulis transversis reticulatis signata. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi fere omnino rectus, cotyledonibus 2, rarissime 3, parvis, sub- compressis, radicula tereti infera sub-latioribus, et 3-plo brevioribus.—Frutex Chilensis erectus ramosus, Cestri - facies ; foliis alternis, petiolatis, integerrimis, glabris ; oribus e summis alis subracemosis, pedicellis medio articulated el hinc bractea foliosa decidua instructis, nutantibus. 1. Vestia lycioides, Wild. Cantua ligustrifolia, Juss. Cantua fœtida, Pers. Periphragmos fœtidus, R. et P. Flor. Perw. 2. 7. tab. 132:—foliis obovatis vel lanceolato-ellipticis, basiin petiolum brevem decurrentibus, carnosis, eveniis, glaberrimis ; corolla viridi-flava, limbo subviolaceo.— Chile, (Valparaiso et Concepcion.) : : This shrub grows in the neighbourhood of the saline lake of Bucalemu, about sixty miles to the southward of Valp-- raiso, on the opposite side of the river Maypu, where itis called Porotillos. It abounds also in Concepcion, where according to Ruiz and Pavon, it is known by the name ° Guevil guevil. It is much branched, with dense foliage : leaves being somewhat fleshy, veinless, about 13—2 inches e long, jin. broad, tapering into a short petiole, the upPe - surface is smooth, channelled in the midrib, which is prom nent below. The flowers appear on the termination of s branchlets, the pedicel is articulated in the middle, where à small lanceolate leaf-like deciduous bract is seen, = becomes deflexed, giving a pendent position to the flower. THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 179 The calyx is 4 lines long, somewhat campanulate, glabrous, purplish green, with a long woolly apex to each broad short tooth. The corolla is tubular, contracted at base within the calyx, expanding above into a somewhat funnel-shaped tube, ofa greenish yellow hue, about 14 inch long, and 3 lines in diameter, quite glabrous, the borderis cleft to the mouth into 5 equal oblong lobes, the margins being broadly conduplicate and tomentous in cestivation, but glabrous when fully ex- panded : the base of the tube is somewhat pubescent within, thickened, and exhibiting 5 raised fleshy ribs, surmounted by à thick broad gland, which is tufted with long white hairs, from these arise the filaments, dilated at their origin, glabrous, tapering upwards into a slender form, and exserted: the anthers are of a lurid green, deeply cordate, of 2 oval lobes, fixed in the sinus on the apex of the filament. The ovarium is wholly enclosed in the persistent cup-shaped base of the corolla, which here always falls off by a horizontal line: it is Supported on a small 5-lobed dise, which is shortly stipitate, and quite free. The capsule is oval, smooth, 10 lines long, 5 lines diameter, supported by the cupuliform enlarged calyx, is divided nearly to the base into 4 valves, the thickened dis- Sepiment becoming free, to which the seeds are attached by a number of projecting fleshy seminiferous plates. The seeds are Ovate, somewhat angular, with a ventral excavation, in Which the hilum is seen a little abovethe middle. The testa 1s tuberculated, with intervening small transverse strie, and encloses an. oval fleshy albumen, in the centre of which the embryo is placed, which is erect and almost straight, but Which viewed in front is very little sigmoid, and sideways slightly curved inwards: the radicle is thick and terete, the Cotyledons being somewhat broader, slightly compressed and fleshy : I have sometimes found 3 cotyledons : they are about * the length of the embryo.* i LE * A representation of this species with sectional details is given in 21 of the “ Illustrations of South American Plants." — 180 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NICOTIANA. I have very few observations beyond what has already been remarked upon the well known genus, my chief object being to describe here a new and singular species that I found . in Chile in 1822. I will, however, avail myself of the oppor- tunity of tracing an outline of its generic character, in accord- ance with the views before stated. NicorraxA, Linn.—Calyæ tubulosus, semi-5-fidus. Corolla hypogyna, infundibuliformis, limbo plicato 5-lobo. Sta mina 5, inæquilonga corolle, tubo infra medium inserta, inclusa : anthere longitudinaliter dehiscentes: pollen oblon- gum, longitudinaliter 3-suleatum. Ovarium sessile, disco = annulari obsolete 4-lobo stipatum, 2-loculare, placentis — linea dorsali dissepimento adnatis, multiovulatis. Stylus simplex. Stigma subpattelliforme, intus glandulis 2 mag- nis instructum. Capsula calyce persistente tecta, 2-locu- = laris, imo septicide 2-valvis, valvis demum 2-fidis, placenta — centrali denique solutis. Semina plurima, minima, oblong’ imo ad faciem ventralem hilo rostrato notata, testa reti- : culato-foveolata, costis intermediis crenulatis. Embryo - -axi albuminis carnosi fere rectus, vel leviter incurvus, teres, - radicula infera cotyledonibus subclavatis duplo longiori— Herbe interdum suffrutescentes, sepissime glutinoso-pilos® 2 in America tropica copiose, parcius in Asia orientali cali- diori crescentes : foliis alternis, integerrimis ; floribus term- nalibus, racemosis, aut paniculatis, albidis, virescentibus vel Nicotiana (Petunioides) cirrhoides (n. sp.) Petunia cirrhoides Nob. Trav. 2. p. 531 ;—herbacea, erecta, elanduloso-viscida, pilisque brevibus articulatis vestita: foliis lanceolatis, | " in petiolum longum attenuatis, margine undulatis, acu mine in appendicem gracilem. cirrhiformem apice spathu latum attenuatis, summis linearibus longissime et tent apiculatis, floralibus angustissime linearibus : floribus et minalibus paniculatis, calyce campanulato, 5-nervi, dent E THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 181 bus 3-angularibus inæqualiter et longissime apiculatis ; co- rolla cylindracea, sordide albida, tubo 15-nervi, subglabro, basi coarctato, calyce 5-plo longiori, limbo fere rotato, obsolete 5-dentato, dentibus angustis longissime cuspidatis. —Chile ad Concon. v. v. This plant which I found in Chile in 1821, bears much analogy to N. acuminata, Grah. and is distinguished for the very singular elongation of the midrib of the leaves, and of _the nervures of the calyx and corolla. I do not remember the size of the radicular leaves, but those of the stem measure 9 inches, including 1 inch for the petiole, 5 inches for the blade, and 3 inches for its cirrhiform apical extension : they are 9 lines broad with a very undulatory margin, and are covered on both sides (like the remainder of the plant) with short glutinous articulated pubescence, the upper leaves become gradually shorter, narrower and linearly lanceolate with reflected margins, while the floral leaves or bracts are 14 lines long, quite linear and terete, being reduced to a mere slender midrib covered with glutinous pubescence. The . Panicle is nearly a foot in length, branching at the axil of . each flower; each pedicel is about 4 lines long; the somewhat . Campanular tube of the calyx is 2 lines, and the mucronate . teeth are from 2 to 3 lines in length; the corolla is nearly . 2inches long, and barely 3 lines diameter in the mouth, the . . border is narrow, with 5 short obtuse teeth, having slender Cuspidate nerval extensions of 14 line in length ; one of the — Stamens is shorter than the other 4, which are almost in didy- nàmous pairs, the filaments are slender and glabrous, arising from a little above the base of the tube: the ovarium is gla- brous, the style slender, and the stigma has the peculiar ‘orm of this genus, the capsule is about 5 lines in length, Invested by the persistent calyx, is 2-valved, and in other respects resembles that of the other species of this genus. — 1€ seeds are small, roundish, subangular, the hilum being Seen on a prominent beak that projects from the lower end the ventral face, the surface of the testa is divided into 182 CONTRIBUTIONS TO numerous deep hexagonal areoles, separated by crenate undu- lating ridges, a character more or less conspicuous, and com- mon to the seeds of all the species of this genus that I have examined; the embryo enveloped in copious albumen is cylindrical, the radical which points to the base of the seed, not far from the hilum, is slightly curved at its union with the cotyledons, which are somewhat clavate and half its length.* I take this opportunity of indicating the suggestion, judg- ing from specimens existing in Sir Wm. Hooker's Herbarium that the Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Pursh. and the N. multivalvis, Lindl. both from the western coast of America, may belong to the new genus established by Dr. Hooker, under the name of Dictyocalyz, upon a plant found by Mr. Darwin in the island of Gallapagos ; but they require examination. The 4th section of Nicotiana proposed by G. Don, Dict. — 4. 466, in order to comprise the above species, under the title of Polydiclia must therefore be suppressed; the other species contained in this section (with what reason I cannot ascertain, as its seed is unknown) is certainly a plant of very opposite character, and appears to me for the reasons gm. in p. 177 to belong rather to Nierembergia. The N. solam- — folia of Dr. Walpers, placed by him in this division (Rep. Bot, 4. 12) has since been referred to the section Rusticæ. PETUNIA. - The limits of this genus, as I have before observed, are not very definite, so that some species by different able botanists have been confounded with Nicotiana, Nierembergia, and Sal- piglossis. To Nicotiana a near approach is manifest, V" - most striking distinction being seen in the valves of its cap- — sules, which are entire, while in the former they are cleft ha^ way, or sometimes nearly to the base, but in Petunia th >. * A figure of this plant with sectional details is represented in Plate 22» of the ** Illustrations of South American Plants." ied THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 183 the capsule is generally of more membranaceous texture, notched and entire at the apex, it is sometimes more coria- ceous, when by the least pressure, the valves often split as in Nicoliana : there is hardly, however, so great an introflexion in the lower portion of the valves. The corolla of Petunia is often somewhat oblique, and marked with several branching and reticulate veins on one side, as in Salpiglossis, corres- ponding with the shorter pair of stamens. In Nicotiana the inflorescence is always in terminal panicles, while in Petunia, the flowers are invariably axillary and soli- tary, on a peduncle which is generally deflexed in fruit: the Ovarium as in Nicotiana, is always supported upon a 2-lobed, not a 4-lobed disc, which conceals the short columnar sup- port: the lobes of the disc correspond with the sutures. The approach to Sa/piglossis* is shown in the didynamous charac- ter of its 4 longer stamens, which are inflected towards each other in 2 unequal pairs, while the fifth always shorter, though generally fertile, is sometimes sterile, and is placed between the longer pair. The style is likewise declinate at its apex, and the stigma though it bears much analogy in its structure. . to that of Nicotiana, is doubled into a somewhat bilabiate i form. The difference between this genus and Nierembergia has been already pointed out (p. 165). The following is Offered as an emended generic character. | Perunia: Juss. — Calyx tubulosus, 10-nervis, 5-partitus, laciniis spathulatis subfoliaceis. Corolla hypogyna, infun- dibuliformis, vel subhypocrateriformis, tubo cylindraceo vel ventricoso, limbo patenti inæqualiter 5-lobo, æstiva- : eS I can yet hardly venture to propose the separation of Lycium and a efunia from the Sulanaceæ, although more than half persuaded of the Propriety of doing so; but if in a more advanced stage of these inquiries, ad forcible reasons present themselves, I hope not to incur the charge -inconsistency for this recommendation, and for having in the preceding "intributions followed the views of all former botanists in regard to the p sification of these two genera in the Natural System. It will be seen, _“Wever, from what has been here demonstrated, that Petunia is more “the allied to Salpiglossis than has been generally supposed; perhaps e Callibrachoa of Llarve and Lexarve (which I have not yet seen) will be found to be hardly distinct from Petunia. $1 T St St 184 J CONTRIBUTIONS TO tione irregulariter obvoluto-conduplicata,* subgibbosa. Sta- mina 5, medio corolle tubo inserta, inæquilonga, inclusa: Anthere 2-lobæ, imo profunde cordatæ, lobis ovatis longi- tudinaliter dehiscentibus: Pollen oblongum, longitudina- liter 3-sulcatum. Ovarium subsessile, disco carnoso sub-2- … lobo stipatum, 2-loculare, placentis centralibus dissepi- mento adnatis, multiovulatis. Stylus apice compressus, incrassatus, subincurvus. Stigma obliquum, compressum, - truncato-2-lobum. Capsula calyce persistente testa, 2-locu- — laris, imo septicido-2-valvis, valvis indivisis placenta cen- trali demum solutis. Semina plurima, minuta, subsphærica : ‘vel ovata, hilo ventrali, testa reticulato-foveolata, | costis | intermediis elevatis. — Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi, apice subcurvatus, radicula infera tereti fere recta cotyle- donibus parvis ovatis subeompressis 3-plo longiori.—Suf- frutices vel herbæ Austro-Americani subviscosi ; foliis alter nis, integerrimis, floralibus geminis, pedunculis extra-agil- — laribus, solitariis, \-floris, demum deflexis ; corolla albida vel violacea. Ww Petunia nyctaginifiora, Juss. Ann, Mus. 2. 215. f. 47. fi ini — Bot. Mag. t. 2552. Sweet Fl. Gard. 2.119. Tratt. tab. 7% _ Nicotiana axillaris, Lam. Ill. 2237 ;—herbacea diffusa, | _villoso-glandulosa, viscida: foliis inferioribus alternis, | ovato-oblongis, obtusis, pubescentibus, basi in petiolum. : attenuatis; foliis floralibus sessilibus, cordato-ovatis, ket sitis: perbucidis sub 3-floris, folia superantibus: tu corollæ calycem multo excedente, limbo lato, obtuso. ‘Rio de la Plata. This plant is so well known in our nbus. that it is neo less to add any particular description. 3 3 * A mode of æstivation (as seen in P. violacea) to approach | near S x piglossis ; its definition may perhaps be thus extended, nempe; lobis 0m nibus medio conduplicatis, plicaturis utrinque versus superiorem torsis, hujusce omnino interioris marginibus in flexuris contiguis utrinque. ue lutis, unici lateralis omnino exterioris imbricatis, cæterorum torsive 1 catis et vicissim obvolutis, sed duorum inferiorum dimidiis proximis boso-inflatis, inferne voluto-plicatis, superne autem sim pliciter imbricatis. this complex mode of æstivation is shown i in n Plate 24 of the “ ilh a &c. ” THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 185 2. Petunia propinqua (n. sp.) ;—herbacea, viscido-pilosa, cau- libus plurimis prostratis, demum adscendentibus: foliis lanceolatis, acutis, basi in petiolum longum spathulatis, foralibus consimilibus, oppositis: pedunculis solitariis elongatis, calycis laciniis inæqualibus, linearibus, erectis, tubo corolle calycem multo excedente, limbo campanulato, 5-lobo, lobis brevibus, rotundatis.— Buenos Ayres. v. v. This plant is very near the former, and probably may be only a variety, but it is certainly different in ap- pearance, and in the shape of its floralleaves: it seldom ex- ceeds a foot in height, and is less pubescent, the stems being rounded, and slightly striate: the leaves are smaller, being (inelusive of the lengthened petiole) only 12 lines long and 3 lines broad : the pedicels are 2 inches long, the calyx, 6 lines, divided half way down into 5 unequal, linear, obtuse, erect, and not foliaceous lobes: the tube of the corolla is 2 inches long, slender, cylindrical in the lower portion, funnel-shaped above, swelling into a bell-shaped mouth, the lobes of the border being short and rounded, the whole is of a dull white colour, slightly pubescent, and marked with 5 longitudinal purplish lines: the stamens, which are included, are of unequal length, one being shorter than the rest : the capsule is little more than half the size of that of the former species. 3. Petunia violacea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. tab. 1626. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3556. Salpiglossis integrifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3113. Nierembergia phoenicea, Sweet. Fl. Gard. 2, t. 193 ; — prostrata, pilis viscidis vestita, v. lanuginosa; foliis Ovatis, acutis, basi in petiolum attenuatis; floribus axil- laribus, pedunculatis ; calycis laciniis lineari-spathulatis, ob- tusis, foliaceis; corollæ magne ventricosæ roseo-purpureæ limbo irregulari, lobis ovatis acutis.—Bonaria. This plant, now so extensively cultivated in our gardens on account of its great beauty, scarcely requires any observa- tion, but it may be remarked, that in the native species the leaves are much smaller than in the cultivated specimens. Several plants in Sir William Hooker's herbarium, collected _ Pear the Rio Parana by Tweedie, which appear of the same os NOR, V. qu 4 Mo 186 CONTRIBUTIONS TO species, have leaves not more than 8 lines long by 2 lines broad, while others from the Uruguay have leaves as large as those of our gardens, measuring about 14 in. long, including the petiole, and 44 lines broad. 4. Petunia intermedia, Don. Nierembergia intermedia, Grah. Ed. Ph. Journ. 14, 175, Sweet Fi. Gard. 3, t. 237. Salpi- glossis linearis, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3256 ;—herbacea, pros- trata, pilis glanduloso-viscidis undique tecta ; foliis lineari- bus, obtusis, dense pubescentibus ; corollæ tubo vix calyce longiori luteo, striato, fauce ventricoso, limbi laciniis emarginatis, puniceis; stylo clavato; capsula costata.— Bonaria.—». s. in herb. Hooker. j The leaves are from 4 to 8 lines in length, 1 line broad, and somewhat spathulate at base. 5. Petunia elegans (n. sp.) ;—suffruticosa, pilis articulatis vis- cidis undique dense tecta : caulibus adscendentibus, de- lapsu foliolum basi cicatrisatis, ramosis, superne foliosis; foliis confertis, linearibus, obtusis, margine revolutis, sub- tus canescentibus, in petiolum brevissimum cito angus- tatis, demum deflexis; floribus axillaribus pedunculatis, corollæ roseæ tubo ventricoso calycem 3-plo excedente.— Minas Geraes, Brasilize.—v. s. in herb. meo et Hook. var. B. ramis erectis, elatioribus, virgatis, foliis erectis, pressis.—Minas Geraes, (Claussen) in herb. Hook. This is a very distinct species, the stem and branches being decidedly woody and of hard texture; the leaves are from 6 to 10 lines long, 1-14 line broad, densely cove with short viscid pubescence, which is incanescently tomen- tous beneath. The peduncles are 6 lines long, and become deflexed on the fall of the corolla: the calyx is 3-4 lines long, cleft into 5 unequal linear obtuse teeth; the corolla is about 9 lines long, 6 lines broad across the mouth, the tube being contracted below, where it is yellowish, above » is funnel-shaped and ventricose, of a deep rose colour, an% veined, the border being divided into 5 ovate rounded lobes 3 the stamens are unequal, 4 of the anthers approximate ? didynamous pairs, while the fifth is intermediate between the is longer pair, and is much shorter: the ovarium is obovate : THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 187 smooth, the supporting column being enveloped by a fleshy annular 2-lobed disc, which invests the base of the ovarium : the style is compressed, 2-grooved, and declinate at summit; the stigma is flattened, truncated, somewhat tubular, with an erect edge, containing within its cavity 2 globular, papillose, viscid glands. The capsule is small, obovate, smooth, and enclosed within the persistent calyx, 2-celled, 2-valved, each valve being entire, notched at the apex, with sutural, scarcely introflexed margins. The seeds are oblong, rounded, with the hilum on its ventral face, dark brown, reticulately areolar ; the embryo, enclosed in fleshy al- bumen, is terete, and slightly curved at the junction of the cotyledons with the radicle, the latter being twice the length of the former, which are slightly compressed, somewhat broader, and ovate.* 6. Petunia parviffora, Juss. Ann. Mus. 2, 216, t. 47, f. 1. Nicotiana parviflora, Lehm. Gen. Nicot. Mon. 90. Lin- dernia Montevidensis, Spr. Syst. 2, 769 ;—herbacea, pros- trata, villoso-glandulosa, viscida, radice humifusa, caulibus plurimis ramosis; foliis subfasciculatis, lineari-oblongis, obtusis, crassiusculis ; pedunculo brevissimo ; calycis la- ciniis inæqualibus, spathulatis; corollæ tubo calycem fere duplo excedente, fauce intus prominente, limbi segmentis obtusis.— Bonaria. v. v. I found this plant growing in moist places in the neigh- .. Pourhood of Buenos Ayres j its root is suffraticose, spreading _ Ito many branching prostrate stems, which are of purplish hue, rugous and spreading at the axils ; the leaves are often fasciculate, linear, obtuse, spathulate, rather fleshy and vein- > covered with many rugous tubercles, and beset with short, close, downy, viscid hairs ; they are 4 to 6 lines long, _ 4nd I line broad; a fleshy, raised gland is seen on each side Of the petiole in the usual place of stipules; the peduncle = Short, axillary, 1 line long ; the calyx is 3 lines in length, and cleft nearly to the base into 5 unequal, spathulate, obtuse, erect : * À representation of this species is given in Plate 24 of the “ Illustra- : tions of South American Plants.” y soe à : 188 CONTRIBUTIONS TO segments, which are fleshy and covered with glandular hairs ; the tube of the corolla is nearly cylindrical, 5 lines long, yellow, and marked outside with 5 purplish lines, the border is cleft into 5 rather equal roundish segments, each with a purplish central line and a mucronulate apex, it is of a lilac colour, and somewhat oblique, the upper lobe being more erect, and the lower ones somewhat more reflected, the throat, of a deep lilac hue, is compressed and hollowed inward on the front side, in a somewhat personate form ; the stamens are unequal, the 5 filaments arising from the contraction above the base of the tube, are white and compressed, the short sterile stamen is seen below the ringent compression of the tube, between the, front and longer pair, while the upper pair is somewhat shorter, the fertile anthers, which approach each other by the inflection of the filaments, are 2-celled, ovate, _ the 5th sterile one being smaller, erect and castrate. The ovarium is oblong and smooth, 2-celled, laterally grooved on each side, and seated on a somewhat 2-lobed, annular, fleshy disc, the lobes corresponding with the grooves and the edges of the dissepiment; the style is slender, greenish, — 2-grooved and compressed at the summit, where it is de- flected towards the upper pair of anthers in the mouth of the tube, the stigma is somewhat clavate, or rather 2-labiate, with a thin expanded margin, enclosing 2 large papillose viscid glands. The capsule is small, obovate, smooth, €n- closed within the persistent calyx, 2-celled, 2-valved, with 4 notch in the apex of each valve, where it splits half way down by pressure. The seeds are attached by a point Oh — their ventral face to the thickened portion of the dissepiment — that becomes free and is parallel with the valves: they 2 — numerous, light brown, and oval, the surface being divided — into rather large, deep areoles, separated by straight prominent — ridges. The embryo is cylindrical, slightly curved, the radicle is somewhat thick in proportion to its length, the cotyledons, scarcely broader than the radicle and half its length, aresome what compressed and ovate.* + * A figure of this species, with sectional details, is represented in Plate 23 of the “ Illustrations of South American Plants." ; $ THE BOTANY OF SOUTH AMERICA. 189 7. Petunia ovalifolia (n. sp.) ;—suffruticosa, subglabra ; foliis obovatis, erectis, utrinque scabrido-punctatis, margine sca- brido-ciliatis, sessilibus, rachi prominenti basi valde tumido, supra venis impressis, subtus evanidis; pauciflora, pe- dunculo axillari folio dimidio longiore, corollæ tubo calycem 5-partitum vix excedente, limbo expanso dense purpureo- interdum pallidiori, lobis ovalibus emarginatis.—Rio de la Plata et Brasilia meridionali.—v. s. in herb. Hooker. Banda oriental ad Coloniam, (Tweedie, n. 286). Viamonte, Prov. Rio Grande, (rupibus siccis, Tweedie, n. 287). Rio Grande, (Isabelle). This is a plant differing in its aspect from all other species, it has a woody repent root, with erect branches about 6 inches in height, the internodes being shorter than the leaves, which are sessile, erect, cuneately ovate, 7 lines long, and nearly 4 lines broad, the midrib is prominent below, termi- nating on the stem in a tumid pulvinate swelling, they are covered on both sides with short, rigid, spreading pubescence, the margins ciliate; the pubescence of the peduncle and calyx is similar, but often terminating in a viscid gland; the peduncle is 9 lines long, the calyx 5 lines, cleft half-way into 5 angular, somewhat oblong and obtuse segments; the tube of the corolla is 6 lines long, swelling towards the mouth, with a broad spreading Gonder nearly $ of an inch in Daisies divided into 5 oblong emarginate lobes of a deepish purple colour: the capsule is smooth, obovate, shorter than the persistent calyx that encloses it, the valves ing entire, with a notch in the apex of each.* 8. Petunia viscidula.—Nierembergia viscidula, HBK. 7, 205 ; —herbacea, procumbens, tenuissime viscidulo-hirtella, foliis subsessilibus, lanceolatis, vel oblongo-spathulatis ; floribus solitariis, axillaribus, breviter pedunculatis, corollæ tubo calycem laciniis foliaceis spathulatis "DN pine Mexico, in hort. cult. Nothing seems to be known of this pus beyond the * A figure of this plant is given in Plate 24 of the “ Illustrations of th American Plants.” 190 ON A NEW SPECIES OF BOLIVARIA. description of Prof. Kunth above referred to, from which it evidently appears to belong to this genus, rather than to Nierembergia. The branches are prostrate, about 1 foot long; the leaves are somewhat thick and membranaceous, 6 to,7 lines long, and 14 to 23 lines broad ; the peduncles are 1 line long, viscidly pubescent; the calyx has a short tube, with obtuse, lanceolately spathulate, unequal, spreading segments : the corolla, of a bluish colour, has a funnel-shaped tube as long as the calyx, pubescent, its limb with 5 roundish lobes: the stamens are unequal, included ; the ovarium is supported by a small annular disc; the style is filiform, slightly - bent, as long as the stamens; the stigma 2-lobed and papil- lose: the capsule, enveloped by the persistent calyx, is 2 lines long, with 2 entire sub-membranaceous valves: the seeds are minute, angular, reticulate, with a 2-lobed embryo enclosed in copious albumen.* Steudel states that Nierembergia graveolens, of St. Hilaire, which is the N. pubescens of Sprengel, is identical with this species; but their descriptions do not accord. : Description of a New Species of BOLIVARIA, by Gronot. . . BENTHAM, Esa. : s Tas. V. m | Bolivaria robusta; glabra, ramulis brevibus crassis rigidis, : foliis paucis minimis oblongis integerrimis, calyce breviter 5-6-dentato, corolla calyce quadruplo longiore 5-6-lobo. — Has. In Patagonia, Middleton. : d: * Since tbe above was in type, it has been kindly suggested to me by Mr. Bentham, that this species is probably identical with the Calibra- - choa procumbens, Ll. and Lex., the Salpiglossis sinuata, Hook. Arn. 1am- glad to find what I hinted in regard to this plant (See note, p. 183), thus soon confirmed by so learned an authority: all the information I x glean on the subject, was derived from the short generic published in Walp. Rep. 3.958, its specific details being omitted in ™ Enumeration in p. 178 of that work. On stating my impression to Sir W. Hooker, he kindly took much trouble to search for his Californian specimens, but in vain, as unfortunately they had been misplaced in his ON A NEW SPECIES OF BOLIVARIA. 191 Frustula adsunt vix 3-pollicaria, corymboso-ramosissima, undique glaberrima. Ramuli oppositi, crassi, rigidi, teretes v. superiores obscure compresso-tetragoni, ultimi conici. Folia stricte opposita, lineà transversali juncta, 1-2 lin. longa, ses- silia, basi erecta, apice recurvo-patentia, obtusa, integerrima, crassa. Inflorescentia cymoso-corymbosa, terminalis, centri- fuga. Calyces intra foliorum paria terminalia sessiles, soli- tarii, ebracteati nisi foliorum par ultimum pro bracteis haberes, - 2lin. longi, campanulati, obscure costati, crassiusculi, glabri, dentibus brevissimis distantibus recurvo-patentibus. Co- rolla 9 lin. longa, glabra ; tubus basi tenuis, breviter exsertus, mox in faucem campanulatam expansus; limbi lacinie 5 v. 6, Ovatæ, patentes, per æstivationem imbricatæ, una exteriore, ; una interiore, v. rarius 2 exterioribus. Stamina 2 prope basin tubi sive ullá cum lobis ratione inserta, sed cum ovarii lobis alternare videntur, corolle lobis paullo breviora; fila- menta glabra v. ima basi pilis paucis barbato; antheræ ob- longe, loculis adnatis parallelis rimá longitudinali dehiscen- tibus, Ovarium sessile, depresso-globosum, breviter et crasse bilobum, axi carnosá, loculis 2. Ovula in quoque loculo 2, loculum implentia, ex axi centrali horizontalia, potius su- Praposita quam collateralia. Fructus junior didymus, potius Bolivariæ quam Menodore, dehiscentia tamen ignota. This earious species formed part of a collection of about . 400, made in Patagonia by Captain Middleton towards the . close of the last century, and presented by him to the late . "It. William Forsyth, whose herbarium came into my . Possession. The exact stations are not given, but they were . Étnerally stated to be either from Port Desire, or other ports . to the southward. : a I take this opportunity of observing, that according to the limitations of the genera Menodora and Bolivaria, now fixed by De Candolle, (Prodr. v. 8, p. 315), the Menodora Africana, Hook, Ic. Pl. t. 586, should be transferred to Bolivaria. ds 192 ON KONIGA INTERMEDIA. On KONIGA INTERMEDIA, of the Canary Islands; by P. B. Wess, Esa. With a Plate, Tas. Vl.—(by mistake entitled K. Brunonis.) KONIGA INTERMEDIA, Webb. Caulibus elongatis pedicellis gracilibus, loculis 1-2 spermis. (Tas. VI.) Lobularia intermedia, Webb. Can. Bot. p. 92. Alyssum maritimum f. Canariense, De Cand. Syst. Veget. 2, p- 319, Prod. v. 1, p. 164. Has. In convallibus, et rupestribus insularum Canariensium frequens. Ons. Si priorum (K. Lybice, nobis, et K. maritime, Br) alteristri jungenda esset L. intermedia, plantaque variabilis. neutrique abnormis, diù incerti hæsimus. A L. maritime, cui magis affinis, habitu majore, caulibus elongatis, locu- — lisque dispermis, in primis differt. Flores, ut in L. Zybicæ, omnino inodori. In genere ergo, quale hoc concepit j acumen Brownianum, tam vere concinno, est fructibus — ignotis, ipsæ confunderentur species antique, cum pr? sertim nullis herbariis specimina europea L. maritum aut africana Fontanesii, aut syriaca Billardieri, nec nos. sicula et melitensia, disperma vidimus, pro specie, inter 4 ambas collocanda, Canariensi, distinctaque habemus. This is a diffuse shrub, with leaves more or less serice- . pubescent, but when cultivated, green. WA There is in M. Borgeau's forthcoming collections of Canary Island Plants, another species called by me K. Brunonis,’ - stiffer, erect, narrow-leaved plant, which is probably re alluded to by Brown in his Appendix to Clapperton 95 * - species or variety of Koniga, from Teneriffe. 2 Tas. VI.—Fia. 1. Flower; f. 2. stamens, pistil and hy- pogynous glands. PE ON A NEW FERN FROM JAVA. 193 On a New Fern from Java, detected by Mn. Tuos. Loss. (Tass. VII. VIII.) Among a rich collection of Plants lately presented to me by James Veitch, Esq. of the Nursery, Exeter, from Java, I find a splendid new species of an Acrosticoid Fern, of the genus Gymnopteris, Bernhardi, which I thus designate: GYMNOPTERIS VESPERTILIO. Caudice repente fulvo-hirsutissimo, fronde longe stipitata, sterili basi subrotundo-cordata superne biloba lobis divari- catis acuminatis plurinerviis, fertili anguste lanceolata acu- minata 4-5 venia venis lateralibus marginantibus, capsulis luteis totam paginam inferiorem (nervis exceptis) obtegen- tibus. (Tas. VII. VIII.) Has. Mountains in Java, Thos. Lobb. Caudex (seu rhizoma) repens, ut videtur, brevis, crassus, villis copiosis oblongis sericeis fulvis tectus. Frondes plu- rimæ (fertiles et steriles) ex eodem caudice, longe stipitate ; steriles subspithameæ longe et late, coriaceo-membranacee, virides, inferne subrotundo-cordate, superne profunde usque ad medium biloba, lobis magis minusve divaricatis, acumi- natis, non raro inæqualibus, pluriveniis sinu obtuso : venis primariis 5-6 in singulo lobo, parallelis, flexuosis, secundariis tertiariisque reticulatis, ultimis divaricatim ramosis, ramulis liberis apice punctato-clavatis :—Fertiles 7-9-pollicares, lan- ceolatze, basi attenuate, superne longe acuminatæ, 4-5 venie, venis (primariis nempe) parallelis, rectis, strictis, lateralibus marginantibus, reliquis ut in fronde sterili, sed areolis valde elongatis. Capsule pallide, fulvæ, totam paginam infe- riorem frondis (venis primariis exceptis) tegentibus. Stipes sesquipedalis, semiteres, subherbaceus, in frondem sterilem Superne dilatatus, canaliculatus. z This is, I have every reason to believe, a perfectly un- 194 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. described species of that group of the Linnæan genus Acros- tichum, to which Bernhardi gave the name of Gymnopteris, in which he is followed by Pres] and Mr. John Smith, a genus characterized by the peculiar venation, shown in our figure 1, and holding the same position in Acrostichum, Linn. that Drymaria, Bory. (Phymatodes, Br.) does in Polypodium. The resemblance of the sterile fronds to the wings of a Bat suggested the specific name:—the fertile fronds are quite different, narrow and lanceolate, with 4 or 5 stout, straight, parallel, primary veins, clothed on the under side, except upon the veins, with pale fulvous-coloured capsules. Fic. 1. Portion of the sterile frond, magnified. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. LinpueEy’s Vegetable Kingdom. We change the press at this moment for the purpose of briefly noticing a work of which a copy is in our possession, and of which it is not too much to say that none more im- portant to the student of Botany has ever appeared, for. to the proficient in that branch of study, it contains an immense mass of useful information, we mean the “ Vegetable Kingdom, or the Structure, Classification and Uses of Plants, illustrated upon the Natural System, with upwards of 500 — P illustrations, by Dr. Lindley.” We have not the time, nor is - it the object of the present Journal, to enter into a criticism — of a work of this kind; we prefer calling attention to a book of such standard character, and which we are sure must soon — be in the hands of every Botanist capable of reading the English language. After an accustomed hit at the unfor- | E tunate Linnæaus, the author, in an able Preface, dwells ue upon the vast importance of the Natural System, (of which = too much cannot be said in its favour, though the difficulties : attending the study of-it, at least upon an extended scale, are . BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 195 perhaps much underrated),and then proceeds to a brief general plan of the work, “Its object is to give a concise view of the state of Systematical Botany at the present day, to show the relation, or supposed relation, of one group of plants to another, to explain their geographical distribution, and to point out the various uses to which the species are applied in different countries. The names of all known Genera, with their synonyms, are given under each Natural Order, the numbers of the Genera and Species are, in every case, com- puted from what seems to be the best authority, and com- plete Indices of the multitudes of names embodied in the work are added, so as to enable a Botanist to know imme- diately under what Natural Order a given Genusis stationed, or what the uses are to which any species has been applied. Finally, the work is copiously illustrated by wood and gly- phographie cuts, and, for the convenience of students, an artificial Analysis of the System is placed at the end. Some of these points demanda few words of comment. In the succeeding pages the author first takes certain characters common to very extensive assemblages of plants, by means of which Classes have been constituted, and secondly, of breaking up those Classes into minor groups called Alliances, Whose common characters are also more extensive than those of Natural Orders, and under which the Natural Orders are themselves assembled. Very short characters have been proposed, under the name of Diagnoses, for both Alliances and Orders; these are intended to express the prevailing tendency observable in each group, but not to include casual exceptions, for which the reader is referred to the descrip- tions immediately following the Diagnosis.—The serious fault committed in the author's former work, of founding Alliances upon simple Natural Orders, has been avoided in every case except that of Palms, which in reality seem to form an Alliance by themselves. The name Alliance has been preserved in preference to that of class, family, circle, cohort, &c., because it is not susceptible of two interpretations as is the case with all the others ; it is employed as an equi- ge : e 196 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. valent for the Latin term nivus, which some have imagined was a misprint for nexus; but which was used in the sense of Cicero, and intended to express a tendency to assume some particular form of structure. Ifany one should inquire why no synonyms have been quoted to these Alliances, concern- ing which so many Botanists have lately occupied themselves, the Author's answer is, that they have been much too little agreed upon, except in a few very especial cases, and thatan examination of their history, would involve an inquiry which must extend back to the An/hemides of Cæsalpinus, and which belongs to the History of Systematical Botany rather than to its actual condition. In pointing out the affi- nities of plants the opinions of the most judicious syste- matists have been consulted. In addition to the short dis- cussion upon this subject which always follows the paragraph descriptive of a Natural Order, there is appended to the list of Genera a plan of indicating, affinity now adopted for the first time. It consists of printing the name of the Order under discussion in capital letters, placing right and left of it, in small Roman letters, the names of those Orders which are supposed to be in near alliance to it, and above and below it, in Italic type, the names of such as are only analogous, or at least have a greater affinity.—The uses to which plants are applied has been examined with great care, and princi- pally re-written. This part was originally intended as a mere sketch of so vast and important a subject, and, in truth, it 18 little more even now.—In forming the lists of Genera, the —— author is called upon to acknowledge the great assistance that he has derived from those of Professor Endlicher, which — indeed he has ventured to take as the foundation of his : own, making, however, considerable additions and material changes in some, and entirely re-writing others; in this troublesome but necessary task he has been most essentially ; assisted by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, who furnished the —— list of Fungals, and by Mr. Bentham, to whom he is in- debted for those of Leguminous and Labiate plants and Ege worts.—The illustrations are partly original, partly derived — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 197 from other authorities. It would have been more useful if a larger number could have been introduced; but costly em- bellishments are not possible beyond a certain limit. Finally, the artificial analysis of Orders given in former editions has again been improved, and is now adapted to the volume in its new dress. It is, however, no longer placed at the be- ginning of the work, but will be found immediately before . the indices. It has been gratifying to the author to know that this table is habitually consulted by some of the most experienced Botanists.” The author then points out the attempts he has made to improve the nomenclature, but as far as concerns the change in the English names of the Na- tural Orders, we must confess that the sound is intolerable to Our ears. We cannot conceive that any well educated person (and none else can be expected to study the Natural Affinities of plants to advantage), will prefer the use of the Terms, Or- chids, Hippurids, Amaryllids, Irids, Typhads, Arads, Cucur- bits, as English equivalents for Orchidee, Hippuridee, Amy- ryllidee, Iridee, Typhacee, Aroidee, Cucurbitacee. This is, however, a mere matter of opinion, and as we before observed, our object it is not to perform the part of a critic. Such is the general outline of the plan of the ** Vegetable Kingdom," a work, for the proper execution of which are re- quired such an enlarged knowledge of the principles of Botany, Such experience in the examination of Genera and Species, such extensive reading, such an access to the labour of others, Such taste in the selection and arrangement and execution of the figures, and above all, such amazing industry, as fall to the lot of few men of science, but which are assuredly combined in the Author of the work now before us; and the book will be read and studied accordingly. ; The subjects of the plates are peculiarly well selected, and the plates themselves skilfully executed, and never were figures of plants, and analyses of fructification turned to so good an account as on the present occasion. fo MM ar 198 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Mr. Thos. Lobb’s Java Plants. Mr. Heward, Young Street, Kensington, is charged with the distribution of the sets of the exquisitely beautiful and rare specimens of the mountains of Java, collected by Mr. Thos. Lobb. The number of sets is but small, and the amount of species in each varies from 100 to 200, or nearly so. More perfect specimens have never been offered for sale, and the price is £2 the 100 species, exclusive of share of freight and commission. A list of the names of many will soon appear in this Journal. Notes on the VEGETATION and general character of the Missourt and OreGon Terrrrortes, made during à Botanical Journey in the State of Missouri, and across the South Pass of the Rocky Movunratns, to the Pacifi, — during the years 1843 and 1844 ; by CHARLES A. GEYER — (Continued from p. 41, Vol. V.) Preliminary Remarks.—The great Rocky Mountain cham and the broad desert of the Blue Mountains divide the Oregon eastwardly from the comparatively civilized parts of North — America. The means of communication north and south- ward is equally obstructed by mountains, woods and em rents.* Only from the west is this region accessible by *- * There is very little or no hope that these impediments to communica- — tion, especially towards the south-east and west, will ever be successi 7 overcome. Allowing the possibility that (according to the sanguine wishes or expectations of Mr. Parker and others) railroad-stations may be esta9157"" over level regions, the greatest difficulties would be experienced by the fully six months long, snowy and stormy winters; and the masses of flying sands in the wide deserts, which must still be traversed, for at least three months out of the remaining six. Nor is there any possibility, © cording to the opinions of the Hon. Hudson's Bay Company's sea-officer BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 199 most hazardous entrance into the Columbia or Oregon River. Good natural harbours, however, exist at Puget Sound ; but the country there is so wild and rugged that it will require immense labour to open a road thither. These are not all the respects in which Oregon is inferior in value for agricultural purposes, to any new territory on the Upper Mississippi waters. Upper Oregon again is by nature severed from the lowlands, by mountains and cata- tacts, very difficult to pass; and for the conveyance of all their bulky, heavy, naturaland agricultural productions, toa distant and uncertain market, the future settlers must either trust to the dangerous Columbia River, or the backs of mules and horses. Lower Oregon, with the exception of the, in all respects beautiful and fertile, but narrow Wallamette val- ley (and a few still more limited localities), is, generally speaking, traversed by mountains and high ridges, from about 300 to 1000 feet high, bristling with impenetrable pine- forests, which render the many narrow stripes of lowland, boggy and mossy ground very difficult to travel. The latter too, I am told, are subject to inundation almost every spring ; especially along the banks of the Columbia river. The only mode of communication now used by the settlers is by water. After weighing the many and heavy disadvantages of access and stating too that the soil in general is far inferior in ferti- lity and capability to that of the Mississippi valley, we may wonder why so many American citizens of the United States leave their desirable residences in the back parts of their own - Country, and undertake, with their families, and moveable Property, a perilous journey of five months through the Wilderness, in order to search fora new home in Oregon ter- ritory! Not less wonderful is it that the final possession of that territory causes, and has already caused, so many violent demonstrations in the councils of several nations. Certainly Oregon will make a stronghold, for it is already so strong, that the entrance to the Columbia river ever can be improved or contracted - by any sort of works nor even attempted, owing to the tremendous force Of the sea at that place. i russe be 200 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. that it is equally difficult and perilous to get out, as to get in ! By explaining the former wonderful impulse for emigra- tion, we may account perhaps for the latter. To do so, we must take another and wider view of Oregon, by adding to that territory the whole north-west coast, and even more; from Mount Elias, down to the gulf of California; or from the limits of vegetation down to the centre of the region of palms! So we have the whole western slope of the northern Andes, with the exception of part of Old Mexico, comprizing every climate, and all the elements necessary for tbe forma- tion of a mighty future empire. Such a prospect does the American contemplate for Oregon, though he may be, for the present, apparently contented with that territory alone! His true aim is directed to the final possession of the entire coast! His daring mind is ever speculating and weighing the proba- ble advantages which virgin countries may offer to his love of enterprise. Joined enthusiastically by his fellow citizens In any such project, he breaks through all obstacles, and defies, backed by great numbers, the cabinet regulations ofany other; and even his own government, to attaint the given object. A Wherever he has selected a home, he tries to establish his po- — litical principles, at his peril; with them, he is contented, — without them, unhappy. Trusting his rights to no other — hands but his own, he despises over-careful governments, and hired military power; but is ever ready for defence, x compelled by necessity, and to handle the rifle instead of the - plough. Such are the main features of an American country — man, especially of the farmers in the Mississippi valley ; and | those individuals in foreign countries are much istakem who believe that American politics, affecting the material » welfare of that nation, will ever be subject to a single aie pulse, as in Europe. Such, also, are those thousands of me? who have already emigrated to .Oregon and California including as well may be supposed, many disreputable ch racters. Yet, few young colonies on record, have © ducted themselves so orderly, by all reports, as the Se! BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 201 have in the Wallamette valley, and whether this be owing to the moral influenceand good examples given by the officers of the Hon. Hudson's Bay Company, or not, it is equally praiseworthy. Ere long, the hardy scattered emigrants both in Oregon and California will consolidate a government and appear on the theatre of nations, independent of all others. They will, by their enterprize and unceasing civil conquests, overcome successfully the heroic indolence of their Mexican neighbours, regenerate their political and social institutions, and form, in connection with the mother country, on that coast, a great western empire; an outpost of civilization, which, in time, will be the doom for the reckless despotism in the Old World, opposite the great Pacific. Of that future great empire, the present limited Oregon territory is only the nucleus. Urper OREGON. The plains and plateaux of Upper Oregon present them- selves in the form of an amphitheatre, when viewed from north-west, only interrupted by mountain ranges. They appear terraced above each other with irregular ascents and confines, at about 1000 feet difference of altitude. The rivers of Upper Oregon are all torrents and tributaries of the great Columbia, a river of second-rate magnitude in North America. Those tributaries rush from every point of _ the compass, except west, hurrying with fearful velocity - . towards their main channels; forming, one and all, for more .. than a thousand miles, dangerous rapids and whirlpools in close succession. They are, for the most part, difficult and dangerous, or unfit to navigate, even the united Columbia is only free from obstruction for about 120 miles above its mouth. - O func Qo. > 2nd Region, the Green Mountains —South-east of the great northern Rocky mountain chain, and linked to it, lies the ange of the Green Mountains, which, dilating itself to the Beat plateaux, slopes off towards the south-pass. lt like- VOL. v. ; m. : 202 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. wise sends off many lateral spurs towards west north- west, likewise stretching in plateaux, or contracting sometimes and forming high pine-clad mountains, whose summits are wrapped in snow, which occasionally endures through the summer; feeding by innumerable rivulets, the upper forks of the greater tributaries to the Columbia, which rush through the placid valleys or deep dark defiles. Finally, the body of these spurs dilates more and more, till they all lose themselves in a belt of plateaux, eastward pa- rallel with the great curve of the main Columbia, leaning southwardly against the Blue mountains, sloping off west- ward, and ceasing at about 1000 feet elevation above the lower Columbia level. They are diversified by sundry minor mountains and ridges, besides the Blue mountains, and they enclose within steep cliffs of 1000 or 2000 feet high, the now collected streams which, rock-bedded and rock-bound, dash and foam along their precipitate course. Highly picturesque scenery, a healthy climate of the first order, a serene sky which heightens the beauty of its clear _ waters, render this country of evergreens peculiarly pleasant. Though the waters are snowy and bright, the cold is remark- ably moderate. The rivers are scarcely ever frozen, which may be owing in a degree to their swift currents. The summers are warm and sunny, and a beaming morning in the month of June and July displays endless charms for the admirer of natural beauty. The luxuriant green of the mountains In the background, the lakes, the rivers with their falls, the gigan- - tic pine-forests, separated by meadows into parklike groups» - with the highly coloured flower-carpet, figured beautifully by dense masses which appear conglomerated together of each | sort, far more exclusively than on the eastern side ofthe | Rocky mountains, form a charming coup-d'eil. Water sce : nery especially is a feature of extreme beauty in Upper Ore- gon, no turbid waters are to be seen, and clear as the stream gushes out of the rocky source, it goes the same into the ocean. The rivers abound in salmon and trout. It is very amusing to watch the course of these fish up the torrents 0n? BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 203 July morning, when great numbers are seen constantly in the air, trying with all their strength to leap over the cataract ; at last the creature resorts to a more quiet place, and repeats his summersault; but falls unfortunately into the lurking basket of the Indian, who lies on the sunny rock above, watching his victim. Apparent geological features.—The pseudo-columnar ba- saltic ranges which wall the bases of the mountains, men- tioned already in the former regions, are common in these districts, particularly along the sides of the plateaux. Their contrasting appearance imparts a certain freshness to the vegetation. A great part of the cóteau of the plateau, at the united Lewis, Saptona, or Snake river, contains preci- pices of regular columnar basalt. The sterile plateaux are of a trappean formation, covered either with loam or sand, containing series of rounded conic piles of inconsiderable height, and in the centre lofty walls, like perpendicular truncated masses of 1-2000. feet high. This rock appears as if cast over that whole region, known as the Spokan plains of the Upper Columbia. The naked sides of mountains or summits are mostly of gray granite, which has a slight south-easterly, but often only a local inclination, often finely grained and laminated on the same block, Granite mountains also, in this region, maintain a vegetation when they are not denuded by fires. Of minerals, lead occurs in conglomerate with pyrites, on the cótes of Coutennay river ; it was discovered by Chief-factor Macdonald, and the spot is only known to bim. Very few localities in Upper Oregon present secondary rocks to any extent, | _ General character of the vegetation.—Eastern portion of the great western region of the Conifere! Apparent centre of the Umbellifere, Scrophularine, Asphodeli, and Rhinan- there in N. America! The families which abound in several Benera are: Polemoniacee, Boraginee,* Vaccinee, Ranuncu- * Leguminose, to which add, also Caprifolia and Rhamni / P2 204 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. laceæ, Crucifere, Portulacee, Onagrariee, Rosaceæ, Polygo- nee, Lysimachiee, Smilacee, Liliacee, Viole, Caryophyllee, Amygdalee ; —of Compositee, the Inulee, Asteree, Anthemi- dee, Cichoracee ;—also Irides, Cyperoidee ;—of Graminee, prevail Festucacee, and Avenacee, rarely Agrostidee. Fami- lies with one representative only, are: Aroideæ, Arum!— — Typhe, Sparganium !— Hordeacee, Elymus !—Panicee, Beck- mannia ! —4Aristolachie, Asarum! Myrti, Philadelphus!— Linee, Linum !—Berberides, Mahonia, very abundant !—Lew- isiee, Lewisia, very abundant !—Malvacee, Sida !—Gera- niacee, Geranium, very abundant !— Lobeliacee, Clintonia !— Loranthee, Arceuthobium !— Acene, Acer !— Hypericinee, Hy- pericum !— Marsileacee, Marsilea !— Plantaginee, Plantago!— Cinerocephale, Cncus !—Grossularie, Ribes, very abundant! —Ambrosiacee, Ambrosia !— Thymelee, Comandra !—San- guisorbee, Poterium !—Sempervivee, Sedum !—No more Eleagnee, and Atriplices |— No Solanee, Commelinee, Urti- ceæ, and Fumariaceæ, nor any grasses of the remaining fami- lies of the Graminee ! j The bulk of the woods over the whole of Upper Oregon, consists of the majestic and valuable Pinus ponderosa, attain- ing an average height of 150 feet, and not seldom a trunk from 4 to 8 feet diameter, beautifully rounded and clothed with reddish-brown bark; the wood is very durable and heavy on ac- count of the great quantity of resin diffused through it ; hence it is called * arbre de gomme," by the Canadian voyageurs. — The leaves are long and thick, clustering together at the ends - of the branchlets; the cones also appear often in bunches of 3-5, they are ovate, with a short recurved spine on the scales. | The Indians eat the seeds of this pine, but they are insipid, even when roasted. Another Pinus of inferior stature, groW- ing in small groves, comprises the whole of that genus over that immense region. This species is called “ Pinette noire,” by the Canadians, it never attains a greater height than 40 to — 50 feet, and very rarely so much; it has a grayish-black and coarse bark, thin branchlets; the leaves are in pairs, short — and twisted ; the cones small, and very seldom seen. This 1$- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 205 the pine of which the Indians eat the young cambium, which they scrape off with a knife, after removing the bark. It is avery cooling and by no means unpleasant article of food. The two former are the trees of the level plateaux, on stony tocky, sandy soil. Different Conifere appear on slopes towards rivulets, or grassy plains, and especially in deep defiles. Far more sombre and dense trees than P. ponderosa fill with perfect darkness the deep defiles in the Green Moun- tains, and principally the majestic Thuja gigantea of Nuttall. Its average height is 200 feet, and the diameter of the trunk 10-12 feet ; one very large specimen, which I measured with my horse-line, came up to about 47 feet circumference. These trees are as straight as can be imagined, forming a slender pyramid with their many horizontal and slightly refracted branches, frmged with dense branchlets and elegant broad fan-like foliage. They are only found in such perfection on the vast beds of that blackish fertile soil, accumulating by the decomposition of basaltic rock. The trunks are mostly hol- low, their wood splits very easily, and is lighter, though not less durable when exposed to weather, than cedar-wood. The bark is used by the Indians, especially the Coeur d’Aleines, or Skitsoes tribe, for various purposes, as for roofing their huts, they make a frail sort of canoe with it to navigate their Placid river and lakes, and bags for carrying their roots and use it for binding their fishing apparatus. The tree - 1s indeed very useful to them.* Clumps of evergreen . * On our way from the Flathead to the Spokan or Cœur d' Aleine river, . ^ November 1843, we had to traverse a high spur of the Green Mountains, already clothed with deep snow. Owing to the difficulties of this cross- . ‘ing, which cost us most of our horses, (having for nearly five days nothing . "6 feed.on) I could not pay proper attention to the vegetation. But this . ‘Much 1 do know, that I saw Taxodium sempervirens growing with the _ "^a gigantea, on the borders of these woods, and'that my hungry animal fed upon its branches; they were all low slender trees, of a somewhat . aspect; but I never met with them again in any of my future excur- “ons to similar regions, dat 206 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Carices and a dense carpet of Coptis occidentalis, Nutt. cover most part of the black spongy soil, which is but seldom visited by frost and never by a ray of sunshine. Abies balsamea and Canadensis both attain considerable size ; the former is found generally near rivers; the latter is rare in these latitudes, and I have seen only a few indifferent _ groves of the same. A few scattered trees of Abies Douglasii grow scattered in Upper Oregon ; not in the green mountains, but here and there on the banks of Columbia river. A spe- cies of Larix occurs on most of the grassy slopes, intermingled with Abies rubra and alba. To these are associated the Sali- cine, as Populus candicans and betulefolia, Acer glabrum, Crateegus lucida, and Alnus (215) ; the former Acer, and the last, being shrubs. Lower parts of these mountains, especially towards Colum- bia river, are often closely beset with Abies rubra, and such tracts are impassable, until the fires have once swept through them which destroy annsally an immense quantity of tim- ber.* Two low shrubs especially characterize this vegetation, namely, the Mahonia aquifolia, on sunny rocks and slopes of mountains; and the Arctostaphylos Uva ursi, which may be found in abundance almost every where. Linnea borealis is also very common, with Chimaphila corymbosa, and Pyrola secunda. Before we enter on the descriptions of the subregions, We must mention the fact, that Oregon has as many different floras as summer months. No spotis too arid to lodge a pretty 2 plant, no rock too burning! It is not uncommon in a pert of three weeks to see a plain covered with snow, decked with * It is a curious fact, that while the forests are left undisturbed, the remains are always composed of such or such kinds in almost unchanged proportion. Not so when fire has swept over, and has destroyed the pristine race of trees; then others spring up, which before were either " at all there, or in the minority. So where Pinus ponderosa is removed by fire, Abies rubra will fill that space to suffocation ; if after a few years it - burnt again, another tree takes the place. ax BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 207 flowers, and so burnt up again, that you can find nothing to testify of the gaudy blossoms, which have been dried by the sun, and swept away by the wind! I. Subregion. Grassy Mountains. and Plateaux of Skitsoe, or Cœur d'Aleine river, in April and May: Scarcely has the sun effaced from the snow the prints of ‘the horses’ hoofs in the plains, when the first flower in that region, Ranunculus glaberrimus, Hooker (459), shows its large yellow glistening orb out of the snowy embankments. Just so does Viola (608) appear in the river valleys; the latter indeed never ceases, but produces apetalous flowers under the snow during the winter, which at the first opportunity, display themselves. The deep snow soon melts, and all at once the whole country is ornamented by flowers, which exhibit a brighter degree of colouring than could be ex- pected from the first rays of the spring sun. Commencing on a cold plateau, near Skitsoe or Cœur d’A- leine river, we may see at once all ihe plants together, which _ bring their flowers forth at the beginning of spring. Itisa trap plateau, naked and overlayed with a thick layer of loam. — Here appears first the above Ranunculus in abundance, scat- tered among masses of Sedum stenopetalum, which infest the whole locality, together with its parasite, Orobanche (872), which is very abundant and in full bloom. One quar- ter is occupied by the pretty Primulacea (No. 319), its root - I$ à vertical ramose brittle tuber, its leaves and flowers are Prostrate, the corolla is chalky white with elegant purple - reticulation, and it has golden-yellow bearded nectaries at the base of the segments. Next space comes occupied by Ferula (325), and close to it Ferula (298); both grow sepa- rately and so densely, that their white and golden umbels touch each other. The former is a rare species and occurs — only there, it has farinaceous tubers, which are gathered by _ the Indians, like those of many other species of this genus. The other yellow species is a curious plant, it being only a ennial, but it forms a tuber to live over that one winter. other portion of this plateau is clothed with the ie 208 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. pretty Platycarpum scapigerum, and then follow carpets of Claytonia (386, 317, 387), of Fritillaria (315) with a small drooping yellow flower, sometimes it has a fulvous belt across the petals ; also dense masses of Collinsia (462), and of Phlox? (371), both diminutive, but pretty plants. On the southern slope ofthis place come, at last, PAacelia (463), Ferula (301), Arabis aurea, with Saxifraga (619 and ` 625), both very common throughout the Oregon. Just the same flora appears about two weeks earlier on the rocky islands of the Columbia, near Fort Colville; but in no other locality did I find these plants all together, nor in such quantities. : We will now survey the sunny basaltic rocks, walling these fertile bighlands, along the valley of Skitsoe river. The plant which always accompanies the basalt or trap formation, from the Upper Platte through Oregon, is the Mahonia aquifolia. Yt forms low shrubs, not so slender as 1n Europe, but with larger and thicker leaves, and every part is more robust. I have found gentle mountain slopes, down to a fork of Muddy River, where the Mahonia had taken sole pos- session for a mile or so, appearing as if sown there; only a few specimens of Prunus were scattered through these mas- ses. In Upper Oregon it is invariably seen growing On sunny banks with the large species of Peucedanum (328), it shows a great profusion of flowers about the middle of April, in the stamens of which I observed the same irrita- - bility as in the common Barberry, but only at noon. The berries have an agreeable acid taste, more so than those fo : the European species, and the Indians collect them, but seem — not very fond of them. (To be continued.) FLORA OF BRAZIL. 209 Contributions towards a Fuora or BraziL, being the dis- tinctive Characters of some new Species of ComPosiræ, belonging to the tribe VERNONIACEX, by Georce GARD- NER, Esq., F.L.S. Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. (Continued from p. 136 of Vol. IV.) VERNONIA, Schreb. Sect. Hozozepis, DC. 4751. V. imbricata; fruticosa, ramis confertis teretibus to- mentosis, ramulis ad capitula usque foliosis, foliis sessili- bus l-nervibus coriaceis confertis oblongo-linearibus inte- gerrimis supra glabris subtus tomentosis, capitulis cylin- draceis 10-floris, involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis acu- minatis uninervibus, achænio multicostato scabrido, pappo pluriseriali, paleis inæqualibus barbulatis. . Has. Bushy places on the Serro do Frio, near Milho Verde, province of Minas Geraes. Aug, 1840. Frutex bipedalis. Folia 3 lin. longa, lineam lata. Invo- lucrum cylindraceum, subtriseriale, squamis extus tomentosis, ciliatis, 3 lin. circiter longis. Corolla violacea, lobis extus pilosis. Pappus flavescens. This elegant heath-like shrub is nearly allied to V. ericoides, (Gardn. Less, n. 4750); but is readily distinguished by its much Scabrous achænia, and its pappus of several unequal series. My n. 4752, is the V. Pseudo-myrtus of St. Hilaire, also nging to this section. 4754. V. Burchelliana; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis teretibus velutino-tomentosis, ramulis angulatis, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis basi angustatis apice obtusis integer- rimis coriaceis uninervibus subeveniis utrinque velutino- tomentosis, capitulis ad apice ramorum 3-4 sessilibus con- _ Shorter broader leaves, its shorter, less deeply sulcated, and | > 210 FLORA OF BRAZIL, gestis 15-floris, involucri squamis imbricatis lineari-lanceo- latis acuminatis trinervibus subtomentosis ciliatis, achænio multicostato, pappo biseriali, paleis æqualibus ciliatis. Has. Serro do Frio, province of Minas Geraes. August, - 1840. Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia supra viridia subtus rufescentia, 18-20 lin. longa, 4-6 lin. lata, obscure venosa. Petioli 2-3 lin. longi, supra canaliculati. Involucrum imbricatum, 4 lin. longum. Corolla violacea, glabra. Pappus nitidus, flaves- cens, setis caducissimis. Allied to V. oleaster, DC. (Gardn.n. 4753); but sufficiently distinguished by its much larger leaves, fewer flowers, and longer and more acuminated involucral scales. z 4754. V. Martiana; caule fruticoso erecto ramoso, ramis teretibus cano-tomentosis, ramulis sulcato-angulatis, foliis petiolatis elliptico-oblongis vel elliptico-ovatis basi acutis apice obtusis integerrimis coriaceis obscure pennivenis utrinque dense velutino-tomentosis, capitulis ad apices ramorum 1-3 sessilibus congestis 25-floris, involucri squa- mis imbricatis dense albo-tomentosis linearibus obtusis, _achænio glabro 10-costato, pappo biseriali, paleis æqua- libus ciliatis. Has. Among rocks in the Diamond district. Aug. 1840. Frutex 3-pedalis. Folia supra viridia, subtus albida, 2.3 poll. longa, 12-15 lin. lata. Corolla violacea, lobis extus ad apicem pilosis. Pappus rufescens. Evidently related to the last species, but its leaves of. a different form, its greater number of florets, obtuse involu- — cral scales, and pilose corolla, sufficiently establish it 45% — distinct species. Sect. LegPTosPERMOIDEs, DC. 4798. V. foliosa; fruticulosa, ramosa, ramis teretibus cano- | tomentosis ad capitula usque fere foliosis, foliis sessilibus linearibus pungentibus margine revolutis supra g! FLORA OF BRAZIL. 211 subtus nervo medio excepto albo-tomentosis, capitulis mul- tifloris ad apices ramulorum solitariis, involucri squamis imbricatis extus piloso-tomentosis, externis ovato-lanceo- latis pungentibus 1-nervibus, internis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis 3-nervibus, achænio piloso, pappo biseriali, setis exterioribus latioribus multo brevioribus. Has. Serra de Taguari, province of Minas Geraes, Sept. 1840. Caulis apice ramosus, foliosus. Folia supra viridia 1-14- pollicaria, lineam lata. Involuerum campanulatum, squa- mis imbricatis apice subsquarroso-pungentibus. Corolla purparea, glabra. Achænium dense albo-pilosum. Pappus albidus. Except in the mode and nature of the inflorescence, this plant agrees with the description of V. rosmarinifolia, Less. which Decandolle places in the last division of his section Lepidaploa. My plant certainly belongs to the section Lep- lospermoides. Sect. VANILLOSMA, Less. 4759. V. oblonga ; fruticosa, scandens, ramis teretibus fulvo- tomentosis, foliis petiolatis oblongis basi obtusis apice obtuse acuminatis minute glanduloso-denticulatis supra glabris subtus fulvo-tomentosis, capitulis ad axillas folio- rum glomeratis sessilibus 3-floris petiolo longioribus, invo- lucri foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis glabriusculis sub- ciliatis, achænio oblongo subtrigono glaberrimo, - pappi serie externa interiore duplo breviore. Has. Margins of woods near Morro Velho, province of Minas Geraes. Sept. 1840. Frutex scandens, ramosus. Folia supra viridia, pennive- nia, 3-poll, longa, pollicem lata. Petioli teretes, supra sujeti, tomentosi, 3-4 lin. longi. Pappus argenteus. Allied to V. avillaris, Less. but distinguished by its fewer florets, and by the external row of the pappus being no er than the inner. 212 FLORA OF BRAZIL. Sect. LEPiDAPLOA, DC. 5508.* V. platycephala ; fruticosa, ramis teretibus striatis pu- bescenti-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis oblongis basi acutis. apice acuminatis supra puberulis denum gls brisés sub- tus pubescenti-tomentosis integerrimis penninervibus, capi- tulis 5-9 pedunculatis corymbosis ebracteatis multifloris, involueri squamis floribus multo brevioribus tomentosis, externis linearibus obtusis, internis lanceolatis acutis, co- rolla glabra, achzenio parce villoso, pappi serie externa vix paleacea, acuta, brevi. Has. In low woods on the ascent of the Corcovado, near Rio de Janeiro. Jan. 1841. Frutex 6-8-pedalis, ramosus. Folia supra viridia, subtus pallida, 3-4-poll. longa, 12-15 lin. lata. Petioli 6-9 lin. longi. Involucrum hemisphæricum. Pappus rufescens. Judging from the description this species comes near vV. asteriflora, Mart. but differs from it in having petiolate leaves, and very different involucral scales. 4803. V. florida; fruticosa, erecta, ramosa, glabra, ramis angulato-striatis, foliis vix petiolatis oblongis basi atte- nuatis apice obtusis breviter apiculatis distanter glanduloso- dentatis utrinque glabris, ramis floridis axillaribus folio paulo longioribus foliolosis 10-15-cephalis in paniculam amplam dispositis, - capitulis pedicillatis 6-10-floris, invo — lucri squamis imbricatis glabriusculis, externis ovatis obtu- — sis ciliatis, internis lineari-oblongis obtusis, achzenio ob- longo resinoso-glanduloso parce piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea acuta brevissima. Has. Campos near Cattas Altas, province of Minas Geraes- — Sept. 1840. ae Frutex 3-6 pedalis. Folia supra nitida, subtus pallida, — * I received two very different species under this number, one is e V. platycephala, MORE Herb. Fi. res —(G. B.) FLORA OF BRAZIL. 213 15 lin. longa, 4-5 lin. lata. Corolla violacea, glabra. Pappus rufescens. Although this is rather a common plant near the foot of the Serra da Caraga, and must have been found by Spix and Martius during their visit to that mountain, I do not find any description that will agree with it. It evidently belongs to the first section of the tribe Lepidaploa, and seems to come near V, vagans, DC. a native of India. 4800 et 4801. V, collina; suffruticosa, erecta, ramis striatis fulvo-tomentosis, foliis brevissime petiolatis coriaceis ellip- ticis vel ovato-ellipticis basi rotundatis vel cordatis apice mucronatis distanter minute glanduloso-dentatis supra gla- briusculis subtus fulvo-tomentosis, ramis floridis axillari- bus folio multo longioribus ramulosis foliolosis in paniculam amplam elongatam dispositis, capitulis ad apices ramu- lorum 3-6 breviter pedicellatis 12-floris, involucri squamis imbricatis subtomentosis, externis ovatis acutis, internis lineari-oblongis obtusis, achænio 10-costato glanduloso- resinoso parce piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea bre- : vissima. Has. Open hilly places near Morro Velho, province ^ of Minas Geraes. Sept. 1840. Suffrutex 3-pedalis. Folia supra minute scrobiculata, ob- scure pennivenia, 9-10 lin. longa, 6-7 lin. lata. Corolla vio- acea, glabra. Pappus stramineus. Although considerably different in general aspect, the plant has considerable affinity with the preceding species. In my own specimen of n. 4801, the branches are congested at the top of the stem, evidently from some casuality which has happened to the axis. The leaves in it are also more de- cidedly cordate, and more woolly beneath than in n. 4800. 2894. V. Riedeliana; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis sulcatis rufo- tomentosis, foliis subsessilibus ovato-ellipticis basi subcor- datis obtusissimis integerrimis margine vix revolutis supra : glaberrimis nitidis subtus fulvo-tomentosis penniveniis re- i ticulatis, capitulis 1-3 axillaribus sessilibus vel ad apices. ramulorum 5-floris, involucri a 3-serialibus, externis 214 FLORA OF BRAZIL, ovatis obtusis extus rufo-tomentosis, intimis lineari-ob- longis obtusis extus ad apicem rufo-tomentosis, achænio turbinato villosissimo, pappi serie externa paleacea longi acuminata, interna complanata serrulata acuta duplo et ultra longiore. " Has. Near Santa Rosa, District of the Rio Preto, Province of Pernambuco. Septembér, 1839. Frutex 3-4-pedalis. Folia 9-24 poll. longa, 15-18 lin. lata. Involucrum oblongo-cylindraceum, valde deciduum. Corolla glabra, purpurea. Pappus duplex, persistens lucens, albidus, paleis externis angustis acuminatis, intimis triplo fere lon- gioribus complanatis margine scabris. i I was at first inclined to refer this plant to the genus Stil- pnopappus, from the decided paleaceous nature of both series of the pappus, but a more attentive examination has induced me to place it in the present section of Vernonia.” 4802. V. lara; herbacea, ramosa, ramis elongatis angulato- striatis parce pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis sessilibus late linearibus acutis glanduloso- denticulatis supra glabriusculis | subtus fulvo-tomentosis, ramis floridis axillaribus folio longioribus foliolosis in paniculam laxam dispositis, capi- tulis pcdicellatis ?0-3o;s, involucri squamis imbricatis gla- briusculis oblongis obtusis, achænio 10-striato parce piloso, pappi serie externa brevi. : + Has. Near Formigas, in the Sertão of the Province of Minas — Geraes. July, 1840. Herba 3-5-pedalis. Folia 3 poll. longa, 4 lin. lata; nv. ratis. Co- lucrum subcylindraceum, squamis ad apicem colo: rolla glabra, violacea. Pappus argenteus. * This plant is evidently closely allied to V. speciosa, Less. DC n. 244 — which, according to Martius Flora, 1841 v. 2, Beibl. p. 109, (Herb. Fl- pi: n. 691), is the same as Strophopapus bicolor, DC., and is there referred t° Stilpnopappus, under the name of S. patulus. The habit is very UD that of Stilpnopappus, and the pappus very different from that of most Vernonia. Probably De Candolle’s genus, Sirophopappus, shouid a stored to include the above two plants as well as Gardner’s n. 3259 T 4189, both of them new species from the Province of Goyaz.—(G. B.) FLORA OF BRAZIL. 215 This species is undoubtedly allied to the preceding one, though very distinct in many respects. 4778. V. cuneifolia; herbacea, erecta, caule simplici tereti striato cano-tomentoso, foliis sessilibus coriaceis cuneatis apice obtusis serrato-dentatis supra subtomentosis demum glabratis subtus dense cinereo-tomentosis, cy mee terminalis ramis parvis dichotomis, capitulis 9-10-floris, involucri squamis glabriusculis lineari-oblongis obtusis 1-nervibus, achænio parce piloso, pappi serie externa setosa brevi. Has. In a marsh on the Serra das Araras, on the western confines of the Province of Minas Geraes. June, 1840. Herba erecta, bipedalis. Folia alterna, pennivenia, reti- culata, 15-lin. longa, 6-7 lin.lata. Involucrum cylindricum. Corolla glabra, pallide purpurea. Pappus argenteus. This species belongs also to the Lepidaploa section, but is very distinct from any of the described species contained in it. $ 5509. V. Estrellensis; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis angulatis ci- ` mereo-pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis longe lanceo- latis utrinque acuminatis minute serratis penniveniis utrin- que adpresse puberulis, cymis axillaribus terminalibusque in paniculam dispositis, capitulis secus ramos pedicellatis lateralibus 10-floris, involucri squamis pubescentibus ci- liatis, externis ovatis obtusis, internis lineari-oblongis obtusis, achænio piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea acuta brevissima. Has. Woods on the Serra da Estrella, Province of Rio de Janeiro. Oct. 1840. Frutex 10-15-pedalis. Folia supra viridia, subtus pallida, 6 poll. longa, pollicem lata. Petioli 6-8 lin. longi, tomentosi. Corolla purpurea, glabra. Pappus argenteus. Allied to V. discolor, Less., from which it differs in haying serrated leaves, and obtuse R scales. 4777. V. palustris; herbacea, ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis pubescentibus, foliis sessilibus late ovato-ellipticis basi at- tenuatis semiamplexicaulibus apice acuminatis argute sub- duplicato-serratis penniveniis supra adpresse puberulis t 216 FLORA OF BRAZIL. subtus pubescenti-tomentosis, cyma ramosissima laxa pa- niculæformi polycephala aphylla, capitulis pedicellatis 25- floris, involucri campanulati squamis glabris, externis ovato-oblongis obtusis, intimis lineari-oblongis acutis, achænio oblongo 10-costato parce villoso, pappi serie ex- terna paleacea brevi. Has. In a moist wood near Conceição, Province of Minas Geraes. August, 1840. : Herba 6-8-pedalis. Folia membranacea, 6-12 poll. longa, 3-6 lata. Corolla purpurea, lobis extus ad apicem villosis. Pappus albus, setis scabridis. Apparently near V. Serrata, Less. 4770. V. compacta ; suffruticosa, ramosa, ramis valde striatis rufo-pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis subsessilibus lineari-lan- ceolatis utrinque acutis subintegerrimis margine revolutis, supra scabridis nitidis subtus fulvo-tomentosis, cyma ramo- sissima paniculæformi compacta polycephala, capitulis sub- sessilibus 10-floris, involucri squamis dorso subpilosis oblongis acutis, achænio 10-costato parce piloso, pappi serie externa vix paleacea brevi. Has. Moist places on the Serra das Araras, on the western confines of the Province of Minas Geraes. June, 1840: Suffrutex 4-pedalis. Folia alterna, pennivenia, 2 poll. longa, 6-7 lin. lata. Involucrum campanulatum. © Corolla glabra, purpurea. Pappus stramineus. =- Allied to V. denticulata, DC., from which it is distin- guished by its less angular stem and branches, the tomentose under surface of the leaves, which are also smaller, and the much larger size of the capitula. l 4775. V. fagifolia; suffruticosa, ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis fusco-tomentosis, foliis confertis sessilibus ellipticis basi rotundatis apice acutis mucronatis serratis supra 8" briusculis subtus fusco-tomentosis pellucido-punctatis, | s mæ polycephale ramis subscorpioideis, ramis inferioribus. ex axillas foliorum ortis, superioribus aphyllis, capitulis. secus ramos sessilibus lateralibus wadoi EE cam- FLORA OF BRAZIL. 217 panulati squamis oblongis obtusis mucronatis glabriusculis, achænio oblongo 10-costato parce piloso, pappi serie ex- terna paleacea brevissima. Has. Near Cidade Diamantina, the capital of the Diamond District. August, 1840. Suffrutex 4-pedalis. Folia membranacea, supra viridia, subtus pallida, reticulata, 2-23 poll. longa, 15-lin. lata. Co- rolla glabra, purpurea. Pappus stramineus. This species is also allied to V. denticulata, DC., from which it is readily distinguished by its elliptical leaves, and much larger capitula. 4776. V. neriifolia ; suffruticosa, ramosa, glabra, ramis elon- gatis: teretibus striatis, foliis petiolatis lineari-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis minute glanduloso-denticulatis mar- gine revolutis utrinque glabris supra lævibus nitidis, cyma ramosissima paniculæformi polycephala, capitulis sessili- bus 25-floris, involucri squamis glabriusculis, externis ova- - tis obtusis ciliatis, intimis oblongis obtusis, achænio 10- costato parce piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevis- sima, Has. On the banks of the Rio Claro, on the western con- fines of the province of Minas Geraes. June 1840. Suffrutex 6-pedalis. -Folia supra viridia, subtus pallida, reticulata, 6-poll. longa, 6-7 lin. lata. Corolla purpurea gla- bra. Pappus rufescens. Allied to V. psit{acorum, DC., from which it is essen- tially distinguished by its much longer glabrous leaves, and — - 2 the very much shorter external ray of the pappus. —. A712. V. membranacea ; suffruticosa, ramis teretibus Wahlen . glabris, foliis petiolatis oblongis utrinque acutis acute ser- rulatis utrinque glabris supra nitidis, cyma ramosissima : Paniculæformi polycephala, capitulis secus ramos sessilibus lateralibus 20-floris, involucri squamis imbricatis glabrius- -culis externis oyatis acutis, internis lineari-oblongis acutis, - achænio oblongo 10-costato parce pion poppi serie ex- terna paleacea brevissima, - His. Dry wooded places between the Rio Celaro and San — VOL. v. ee 218 FLORA OF BRAZIL. Romão, to the west of the Rio San Francisco. June 1840. Suffrutex 4-pedalis. Folia membranacea, supra viridia, subtus pallida, reticulata, 4-41 poll. longa, 15-18 lin. lata. Corolla purpurea, lobis extus ad apicem pilosiusculis. Pap- pus rufescens. Also allied to V. psittacorum, DC., differing in its much broader glabrous leaves, and more diffuse panicle. 788. V. Corcovadensis; suffruticosa, ramosa, ramis striatis ad apicem angulatis pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis utrinque acutis minute serrato-denticulatis mem- branaceis supra scabridis nitidis subtus cinereo-tomentosis, cymæ polycephale ramis scorpioideis, ramis inferioribus ex axillis foliorum ortis, superioribus nudis, capitulis ses- silibus 25-floris, involucri squamis lineari-oblongis acutis mucronatis dorso subpilosis longe ciliatis, achænio oblongo resinoso-glanduloso parce piloso, pappi serie externa se- tosa brevi. Has. In woods on the Corcovado, near Rio de Janeiro. July 1837. Suffrutex 4-6-pedalis. Folia 4-poll. longa, pollicem lata, pennivenia, reticulata. Petiola 3 lin. longi. Corolla glabra, purpurea. Pappus stramineus. This species very much resembles V. polycephala, DC in habit, but in De Candolle's very artificial division of the section Lepidaploa, it ought to stand near V. psittacorum and V. hebeclada, from its having acute, not acuminated, involucral scales. 1716. V. crenata; caule suffruticoso ramoso, ramis angulatis — 2 pubescentibus, foliis breviter. petiolatis oblongis utrinque obtusissimis crenatis supra scabris subtus fulvo-tomen- tosis, cymæ ramis plurimis ramosis in paniculam dispo- sitis, capitulis secus ramos sessilibus lateralibus 30-floris; — involucri subcampanulati squamis ovato-lanceolatis acu- — tis glabriusculis, externis subciliatis, achænio oblongo - pu piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea acuta brevis- E sima. ; FLORA OF BRAZIL. 219 Has. Common near San Romão, on the banks of the San Francisco. July 1840. Suffrutex 8-10-pedalis. Folia submembranacea, penni- nervia, reticulata, 3-4 poll. longa, 15-20 lin. lata. Petioli 13 lin. longi. Corolla glabra, pallide purpurea. Pappus stramineus. Closely allied to V. polycephala, DC., differing chiefly in its angular branches, its more decidedly crenate leaves, less diffuse panicle, and greater number of florets. 4764. V. lanuginosa ; caule suffruticoso scandente ramoso, ramis teretibus striatis cinereo-lanuginoso-tomentosis, fo- lis petiolatis late ovatis basi abrupte acuminatis apice acutis vel subacuminatis argute serrato-dentatis supra pubescentibus subtus cinereo-tomentosis, cymæ ramis Scorpioideis, capitulis secus ramos sessilibus lateralibus ebracteatis 30-35-floris, involucri campanulati squamis dorso tomentosis lineari-lanceolatis valde acuminatis 3- nervibus, corollae lobis pilosis, achænio oblongo 10-costato parce piloso, receptaculo epaleaceo, pappi serie externa paleacea acheenii vix longitudine. Has. Bushy places near Formigas, in the Sertäo of the Province of Minas Geraes. July, 1840. Suffrutex subscandens. Folia alterna, membranacea, penni- venia, reticulata, 8-31 poll. longa, 14 poll. lata. Petioli 6-lin. circiter longi. Corolla purpurea. Pappus argen- teus. Allied to V. scorpioides, Pers., from which it differs in its more acuminated and 3-nerved involucral scales, its glabrous receptacle, and its shorter and more paleaceous external pappus. 4795. V. stricta; suffruticosa, ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis Subtomentosis demum glabratis, folis sessilibus lineari- oblongis obtusis mucronatis integerrimis margine revolutis supra minute scabris adpresse pilosis subtus dense piloso- tomentosis, panicule terminalis ramis lateralibus simpli- Cibus aut rariter bifidis parvis aphyllis oligocephalis, capi- tulis sessilibus 18-20-floris, involucri campanulati squamis R 2 220 FLORA OF BRAZIL. glabriusculis longe acuminatis pungentibus, receptaculo nudo, achænio dense sericeo-villoso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevi. Has. Near Formigas, in the Sertao of the province of Minas Geraes. June, 1840. Suffrutex 1-2-pedalis, ramis elongatis. Panicula stricta, ramis brevibus tomentosis. ` Folia 6-9-lin. longa, 2 circiter lata, Corolla violacea, glabra. Pappus rufescens. Allied to V. holosericea, Mart., and V. Schwenkiefolia, Mart. 4791. V. clavata; caulibus e collo lignoso pluribus erectis simplicibus striatis dense cano-lanuginosis, foliis petio- latis lineari-oblongis coriaceis utrinque obtusis subinte- gerrimis penniveniis supra glabriusculis nitidis subtus dense fulvo-tomentosis, panicule ramis axillaribus folio paullo brevioribus subscorpioideis oligocephalis, capitulis subsessilibus 20-floris, superioribus folio stipatis, involucri squamis dorso tomentosis oblongis obtusis, achænio dense villoso, pappi serie interna ad apicem clavata, externa paleacea acuta brevi. Has. Elevated Campos in the Diamond District. August, 1840. Herba 1-2-pedalis. Folia 34-4 poll. longa, E lata. Involucrum globoso-campanulatum. Corolla purpurea, lobis ad apicem subpilosis. Pappus sordide albescens. ; It is difficult to say to which of De Candolle’s divisions - of Lepidaploa this species should be referred. The mode of inflorescence somewhat resembles that of V. senescens Mart., but it is probably more nearly related to V. inm : Less. : 4797. V. arcuata ; caulibus e collo lignoso plasibuk suffit ticulosis teretibus striatis cano-tomentosis ad apicem ramosis, ramis floriferis simplicibus, foliis longe linearibus E acuminatis pungentibus arcuatis margine revolutis uni- nervibus supra glaberrimis subtus lanuginoso-tomentosis, capitulis secus ramos sessilibus solitariis folio brevioribus 25-floris, supremis — involucri ovati wi. FLORA OF BRAZIL. est - dorso tomentosis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, achænio _ adpresse sericeo-piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea acuta interiore duplo et ultra breviore. Han. Serra das Araras, on the western confines of the Province of Minas Geraes. June, 1840. | Suffrutex 1-2-pedalis. Folia alterna, 3-4 poll. longa, lineam lata. Corolla pallide purpurea, glabra. Pappus strami- neus, Judging from the description, this species approaches V. extraxillaris, DC., but differs in its branched stem, much longer leaves, constantly solitary capitula, and fewer florets. 2199. V. Sarmentiana ; fruticosa, tota tomento brevi ciner- ascenti-velutina, ramis teretibus striatis, foliis petiolatis . Ovatis basi obtusissimis vel subcordatis apice obtusis sub- integerrimis penniveniis, venis subtus prominulis, capitulis secus ramos sessilibus axillaribus folio multo brevioribus 45-floris, involucri campanulati squamis dorso tomentosis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis pungentibus apice reflexis, achænio sericeo-villoso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevi. Has. On arid hills, near the city of Oeiras, Province of Pieuhy. April, 1839. Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 3-5 poll. longa, 2-2; lata. Corolla violacea, lobis glandulosis. Pappus stramineus. . Allied to V. arenaria, Mart. (Gardn. n. 2200), from which Is distinguished by being more velvety, and having much larger and ovate leaves, which are very obtuse at the base. I dedicate it to Dr. Casimero Joze de Moraës Sarmento, a . native of Oeiras, and one of the very few well educated inhabitants of the province, who took me to the locality Where it grows. I am besides deeply indebted to him for the attentions of himself and family during a residence of Several months in the city of Oeiras, while the country round Was in a state of revolution. — de ess ess . 2893.* V, nitens; fruticosa, tota velutino-tomentosa, ramis . ,* No. 4186 from the Province of Goyaz is, in my set, the same spe- seg B, sms tar gea aio 222 FLORA OF BRAZIL. teretibus striatis, foliis subsessilibus ellipticis utrinque obtusis subintegerrimis nitidis penniveniis, venis subtus prominulis, capitulis secus ramos sessilibus remotis axil- laribus folio multo brevioribus 40-floris, involucri hemis- phærici squamis imbricatis dorso subtomentosis, externis ovatis obtusis ciliatis, intimis linearibus obtusis, achænio sericeo-villoso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevi. Has. Serra da Batalha, in the district of the Rio Preto, province of Pernambuco. Sept. 1839. Frutex bipedalis. Folia 12-15 lin. longa, 7-8 lata, sub- coriacea, velutino-nitida. Corolla violacea, lobis extus ad apicem glandulosis. Pappus stramineus. Also allied to V. arenaria, though the obtuse involucral scales would place it in the previous division of the section Lepidaploa. : 4761. V. adamantium; fruticosa ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis fusco-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis ovato-ellipticis basi subcordatis apice obtusis integerrimis supra adpresse piloso-pubescentibus subtus fulvo-tomentosis penniveniis, venis subtus prominulis, ramis floridis subscorpioideis, capitulis ad axillas foliorum sessilibus solitariis geminisve folio paullo brevioribus 20-floris, involucri squamis dorso pubescentibus lineari-lanceolatis subacuminatis, achænio elliptico-oblongo obtuse 10-costato, inter costis adpresse pilosis, pappi serie externa paleacea brevi. Has. Rocky bushy places, Diamond District. July 1840. Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia 2-24 poll. longa, 12-15 lin. lata. t Petioli 2 lin. longi. Corolla ignota. Pappus stramineus. Allied to V. arenaria, Mart. and to my V. Sarmentiana. ^ 1714. V. araripensis ; fruticosa ; ramosa, ramis teretibus stri- atis apice tomentosis, foliis subsessilibus lineari-lanceolatis utrinque subacutis subintegerrimis supra pubescenti-scá- bridis subtus cinereo-tomentosis, ramis floridis scorpioideis, capitulis ad axillas foliorum solitariis vel geminis sessilibus folio multo brevioribus 20-floris, involucri squamis dorso villosis acuminatissimis, corolla extus pilosa, achænio parce piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevissima. FLORA OF BRAZIL. PS Has. Serra de Araripe, Provinee of Ceara. Oct. 1838. Frutex bipedalis. Folia pennivenia, 18 lin. longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Involucrum laxe imbricatum. Corolla violacea. Pap- pus argenteus. Nearly allied to V. debilis, Mart. (Gardn. n. 872), but from which it is readily distinguished by its narrower and much acuminated involucral scales. 4793. V. tricephala ; fruticosa, erecta, ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis cano-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis anguste lanceolatis basi acutis apice acuminatis supra villoso-subtomentosis demum glabratis subtus lanuginoso-tomentosis, ramis flori- - dis scorpioideis, capitulis ad axillas foliorum 1-3 sessilibus folio multo brevioribus 25-floris, involucri squamis dorso tomentosis lineari-oblongis acuminatis, corolla extus hir- tella, achænio piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevi. Has. Near Conceiçäo, Province of Minas Geraes. Aug. 1840. | Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia pennivenia, plerumque deflexa, 21-3 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata. Involucrum laxe imbricatum, Corolla purpurea. Pappus albidus. Also allied to V. debilis, but very distinct. 4779. V. reflexa; fruticosa, erecta, ramosa, ramis elongatis teretibus striatis villoso-tomentosis, foliis subsessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque obtusis apice apiculatis subin- tegerrimis utrinque cinereo-villoso-subtomentosis supra demum glabratis, ramis floriferis elongatis subscorpioideis, capitulis axillaribus sessilibus solitariis geminisve 20-25- floris, involucri squamis dorso villoso-tomentosis lineari- - lanceolatis longe acuminatis pungentibus, externis ciliatis apice reflexis, intimis coloratis serrulatis, achænio sericeo- villoso, pappi serie externa paleacea lanceolata acuta revi, ge Has. Arid Campos near Formigas, Province of Minas Ge- Taes. July, 1840. 3 Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 12-15 lin. longa, 3-4 lin. lata, Pennivenia, subdenticulata. Corolla glabra, violacea. Pappus _Sordide albescens. | | 224 FLORA OF BRAZIL: This species willrange along with V. chalybaea, Mart., my numbers 1715, 1720, 2201, and 2641. 4796. V. chromolepis; suffruticosa, erecta, ramosa, ramis tere- tibus striatis apice subvilloso-tomentosis, foliis longe linea- ribus obtusis integerrimis margine revolutis supra glabri- usculis subtus cinereo-tomentosis, ramis floriferis scorpioi- deis, capitulis extra-axillaribus solitariis subsessilibus 30- floris, involucri campanulati squamis coloratis dorso to- mentosis, externis ovato-ellipticis mucronatis, intimis lineari-lanceolatis subacuminatis mucronatis, achænio gla- brato, pappi serie externa paleacea brevissima. Has. On the banks of the Rio Urucuya, near San Romäo. Province of Minas Geraes. June 1840. Suffrutex 2-4-pedalis. Folia 4-41 poll. longa, 3-lin. lata. Corolla glabra, violacea. Pappus albescens. ~ Near V. eremophila, Mart. but is well distinguished ee its extra-axillary capitula. 1718 et 4765. V. eriolepis; caule suffruticoso vix ramoso erecto tereti striato fulvo-villoso-tomentoso, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis basi attenuatis apice longe acuminatis argute serrulato-dentatis supra rugosis ad- 7 presse pilosis subtus villoso-tomentosis, cymis axillaribus et terminalibus ramosis, ramis folio longioribus oligoce- - phalis, capitulis folio florali brevioribus sessilibus 20-floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis dorso villoso-tomentosis lineari-lanceolatis longe acuminatis, acumine villosissimo, | achænio oblongo 10-costato sericeo-villoso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevi. ; Has. Serra de Araripe, Province of Ceara. October. 1838. E 1718). Near Papinhacauga, Province of Minas Gerpes | August 1840. (n. 4765). we Suffrutex 4-5-pedalis. Folia membranacea, rugosa, pen- E nivenia, 5-8 poll. longa, 13-24 poll. lata. Corolla alba, lobis extus ad apicem pilosiusculis. Pappus sordide elbtsceniee. Apparently near V. longifolia, Pers. — : 4767. V. albiflera; caule herbaceo erecto simplici . m striato villoso-tomentoso apice paniculato, foliis se LI FLORA OF BRAZIL. 295 lineari-lanceolatis basi subcordatis, apice attenuatis acumi- natis apiculatis subintegerrimis supra adpresse pilosis sub- tus sericeo-tomentosis, ramis scorpioideis sæpe bifidis, capitulis in dichotomiis ramorum et ad axillas foliorum ramealium sessilibus solitariis geminisve folio floralibus brevioribus vel subaequalibus, involucri turbinati squamis lineari-lanceolatis longe acuminatis valde villosis, achænio sericeo-villoso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevi. Has. Between Formigas and the Diamond District. July 1840. Herba 4-5-pedalis. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, pollicem lata. Corolla alba, lobis extus ad apicem pilosis. Pappus argenteus. Allied to the preceding species, and to V. Miersiana. (Gardn. n. 1717 and 2892.) My n. 4769, from the Diamond District, is a less tomentose variety of the pre- sent species. 6044.* V. acutangula; caule herbaceo erecto simplici acute angulato glabro apice paniculato, foliis petiolatis oblongo- lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis subintegerrimis glabriusculis subtus minute nigro-punctatis, ramis floriferis ramosis, ramulis scorpioideis, capitulis in dichotomiis ramorum et ad axillas foliorum ramealium solitariis subsessilibus folio brevioribus 12-floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis glabriusculis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, achænio ob- longo 10-costato parce piloso, pappi serie externa pue. acea brevissima. Has. Marshy bushy places near the city of Maranham. June 1841. . Herba 3-4-pedalis. Folia 3-34 poll. longa, pollicem lata, membranacea, pennivenia. Corolla glabra, violacea. Pappus argenteus. This species will range along with the preceding one ve Which it agrees very much in habit. 4786. V. floccosa; fruticosa ramosa, ramis me cino- tomentosis, foliis petiolatis coriaceis ovatis basi rotu vix subcordatis apice obtusis integerrimis supra floccoso- z In my set 6047. (G. B) 3h V, - 5 226 FLORA OF BRAZIL. tomentosis demum glabratis subtus dense fulvo-tomentosis - penninervibus, cymæ ramis plurimis dichotomis lanuginoso- tomentosis scorpioideis in paniculam dispositis, capitulis subsessilibus solitariis plerumque extra-axillaribus folio longioribus 20-floris, involucri campanulati squamis lineari- lanceolatis acuminatis, externis ad apicem valde lanugino- sis, cæteris glabris, intimis glaberrimis, achænio oblongo adpresse sericeo-villoso, pappi serie externa anguste paleacea brevissima. Has. Upland Campos on the Serra das Araras, on the wes- - tern confines of the Province of Minas Geraes. June 1840. Frutex 4-6-pedalis. Folia 34-4 poll. longa, 2 circiter lata. Petioli 6-9 lin. longi. Corolla glabra, alba. Pappus rufes- cens. This fine plant evidently belongs to Decandolle's fourth division of the Section Lepidaploa, though I know no species to which it can claim near affinity. 4794. V. subcordata ; caule herbaceo sulcato-angulato villoso- tomentoso simplici, foliis sessilibus ovatis basi subcordatis acutis mucronatis supra pilosis scabris subtus adpresse sericeo-piloso-tomentosis, ramis floridis axillaribus elon- gatis foliolosis ad apicem cymosis, cymæ ramis scorpioideis brevibus recurvatis oligocephalis, capitulis congestis ad _ axillas foliorum solitariis sessilibus 9-10-floris folio longio- ribus, involucri subcylindracei squamis dorso fulvo- tomentosis lanceolatis acuminatis apice coloratis, achænio neoprene piloso, pappi serie externa | angue paleace revi. Has. Near Formigas, Province of Minas. Geraes. Jus 1840. a Herba 3-pedalis. Folia pollicem longa, 6 lin. lata. Corolla | pallide purpurea, lobis ad apicem extus glandulosis plis Pappus sordide albescens. dec Judging from the description, this species appears | to be dc somewhat related to V. helophila, Mart. ec 4789(2). V. reticulata ; P fruticosa, caulibus sabsimplicibas : FLORA OF BRAZIL. 227 teretibus lanuginoso-tomentosis ad apicem usque foliosis, foliis vix petiolatis oblongis basi obtusis apice subacutis mucronatis versus apicem subdenticulatis membranaceis penniveniis reticulatis, venis utrinque prominulis, supra subvillosis scabriusculis subtus hirsutis, capitulis paucis campanulatis multifloris sessilibus lateralibus terminali- busque, inferioribus foliis 2 inæqualibus stipatis, involucri squamis pluriserialibus dorso piloso-tomentosis lineari- lanceolatis longe acuminatis subsquarrosis, achænio piloso, pappi serie externa paleacea brevissima. Has. Hills near Morro Velho, Province of Minas Geraes. September 1840. Frutex 14-2-pedalis, vix ramosus. Folia alterna, 2-poll. longa, 9-10 lin. lata. Involucrum 9 lin. longum. Corolla purpurea, lobis apice pilosiusculis. Pappus sordide. albes- cens, Apparently near V. rosea, Mart. 4781. V. ararana; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis cano-tomentosis usque ad apicem foliosis, foliis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis basi subcuneatis apice acutis vel subacuminatis supra villosiusculis subtus cinereo-tomentosis subintegerrimis membranaceis penni- veniis reticulatis, capitulis ad axillas foliorum 1-3 sessilibus folio multo brevioribus 15-floris, involucri squamis dorso tomentosis, externis ovatis acutis, internis lineari-lanceo- latis subacuminatis, achænio 10-costato glaberrimo, pappi serie externa paleacea brevissima. Has. Serra das Araras, on the western confines of the Pro- vince of Minas Geraes. June 1840. Frutex 6-pedalis, ramosus, ramis elongatis. Folia 43-5 poll. longa, 12-18 lin. lata. Involucrum ovatum. Corolla Pallide purpurea, lobis ad apicem subglandulosis. Pappus sordide albescens. | i:oige Allied to V. pycnostachya, DC. in habit, but otherwise very distinct. One of the capitula is generally a little above the others, and hence extra-axillary. i 4788. V. ammophila ; fruticosa, parce ramosa, ramis teretibus £x o- 228 FLORA OF BRAZIL. striatis tomentosis ad apicem usque foliosis, foliis sessili- bus exacte ellipticis utrinque obtusis supra glaberrimis subtus minute pubescenti-tomentosis penniveniis reticu- latis, floralibus minoribus basi subcordatis, capitulis sessi- libus lateralibus et terminalibus solitariis vel rariter geminis, inferioribus axillaribus, superioribus extra-axilla- ribus, 50-floris, involucri subglobosi squamis pluriserialibus adpressis glabriusculis, externis late ovatis obtusis, intimis lineari-oblongis acutis 3-nervibus, achænio profunde 10- sulcato, sulcis parce pilosis, pappi serie externa paleacea brevi. | Has. Dry sandy woods near San Romäo, on the banks of the Rio San Francisco, Province of Minas Geraes. June 1840. Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia 3-4 poll. longa 14-24 lata, floralia multo minora. Corolla glabra, purpurea. Pappus. argen- teus. i Apparently allied to V. rosea, Mart. My n. 4785, from nearly the same locality, is a very remarkable long narrow leaved variety. At first sight it appears a very distinct species, as I considered it to be at the distribution of my collections, but a more close examination convinces mé that it is only a variety of the present species. Some of the lower leaves are nearly six inches long, and only six lines broad. STILPNOPAPPUS, Mart. DC. “x 2204. S. suffruticosus ; suffruticosus, erectus, ramosus, ramis - villoso-tomentosis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis utrinque acutis margine revolutis penniveniis supra villoso-scabrius¢ subtus tomentosis, pedunculis secus ramos distantibus. nudis folio longioribus 1-cephalis, capitulis 40-floris, involucri floribus brevioris squamis S-seriatis, externis fo- liaceis linearibus subtus tomentosis, intimis lineari-oblon- gis acutis dorso villoso-tomentosis. uae Has. Sandy Campos near the city of Oeiras, the capital of > the Province of Piauhy. May 1839. Bee FLORA OF BRAZIL. 229 Suffrutex erectus, ramosus, 2-pedalis. Folia 23-3 poll. longa, 4-5 lin. lata. Corolla glabra, violacea. Achænium turbinatum, 10-costatum, sulcis adpresse pilosis. Pappus duplex, persistens, lucens, albidus, paleis externis 15 oblon- gis acutis serrulatis, intimis triplo longioribus setis com- planatis scabris. Receptaculum fimbrilliferum. Near S. ¢richospiroides, Mart. (Gardn. n. 2205,) from which it is distinguished by its suffruticose habit, large leaves, and more numerous florets. 2203. S. procumbens; caule herbaceo ramoso procumbente subradicante —villoso-tomentoso, - foliis lineari-oblongis utrinque, obtusis subintegerrimis penniveniis supra villoso- subtomentosis minute scabridis subtus lanuginoso-tomen- tosis, pedunculis secus ramos distantibus elongatis oppositi- foliis 1-cephalis supra medium plerumque folium solitarium gerentibus, capitulis 35-floris, involucri floribus brevioris squamis 3-seriatis dorso tomentosis lanceolatis acuminatis, externis foliaceis. Has. Near Lagoa Camprida, on the eastern confines of the Province of Piauhy. Feb. 1839. Herba 1-13:pedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 3-5 lin. lata. Corolla glabra, violacea. Achænium turbinatum, 10-costa- tum, sulcis adpresse pilosis. Pappus duplex, persistens, lucens, albidus, paleis externis 12 obovato-oblongis apice laceratis, intimis quadruplo longioribus setis complanatis Scabris, Receptaculum fimbrilliferum. a BA Near the preceding species, and also S. trichospiroides, from both of which it is distinguished by its procumbent habit, - Ho 2207. S. dentatus ; annuus, caule erecto ramoso, ramis sub- dichotomis teretibus striatis villoso-tomentosis, foliis sessi- libus lineari-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis apice apiculatis inferioribus irregulariter dentatis supra glabriusculis subtus albo-tomentosis, capitulis 30-floris secus ramos peduncu- latis folio florali multo brevioribus, involucri squamis, S-seriatis oblongis acuminatis villosis. ^ ^" ^ 230 FLORA OF BRAZIL. Has. Sandy campos, near the city of Oeiras, Province of Piauhy. April 1839. Herba annua, 1-14 pedalis. Folia 3-44 poll. longa, 4-7 lin. lata. Corolla glabra, violacea. Achænium turbinatum vil- losum. Pappus duplex, persistens, lucens, albidus, paleis externis circiter 10 oblongis obtusis serrulatis, intimis triplo longioribus setis linearibus scabris. Receptaculum fimbrilli- ferum. Allied to S. tomentosus, Mart. (Gardn. n. 1721), but easily distinguished by its longer, broader and dentate leaves, pedunculated capitula, and fewer florets. Tas Monosis, DC. 2897. M. (Eremosis) Brasiliensis; ramis teretibus striatis | minute albo-lepidoto-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis oblongis basi acutis apice obtusis integerrimis obscure penniveniis supra glabris minute nigro-punctatis subtus lepidoto- tomentosis, corymbo composito folioso, capitulis plurimis distinctis pedicellatis vel geminis sessilibus, involucri cylindracei squamis lineari-oblongis acutis. Han. Woods in the district of the Rio Preto, Province of Pernambuco. Sept. 1839. Frutex 8-12-pedalis. Folia superiora 12-18 lin. longa, 4-7 lin. lata, inferiora ignota. Corolla ignota. Achenium glabrum, subcostatum. Pappus 9-serialis, setis nec longi tudine nec latitudine discrepantibus pilosis scabris. a This is evidently a transition species between Monosis and | - Albertinia, as is shown by the frequent union at the base of es two capitula. ee LycanopHoRA, Mart. DC. Sect. 1. Eutycunopnora, DC. Rs 4823. L. Passerina; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis subverticillatis — : i teretibus adpresse sericeo-tomentosis demum glabriusculis, - 3 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 251 foliis confertis sessilibus patulis subrecurvatis linearibus basi dilatatis apice pungentibus margine valde revolutis supra glabris subtus cano-tomentosis, capitulis terminalibus 1-floris in glomerulum foliis cinctum aggregatis, involucri squamis oblongo-linearibus obtusiusculis rui re ex- ternis parvis tomentosis, intimis glabris. Haplostephium Passerina, Mart. in DC. Prodr. 5. p. 78. Has. Bushy places, Serro do Frio, Diamond District. Aug. 1840. Frutex ramosissimus, 3-4-pedalis. Folia 4 lin. longa, vix lineam lata. Corolla glabra, violacea. Achænium obovatum, glaberrimum, 10-costatum. Pappus duplex, paleis externis brevissimis squamæformibus obtusis albidis, intimis multo longioribus linearibus acutis margine ciliatis spiratiler tortis . pallide violaceis. This plant I take to be the Haplostephium Passerina, Mart. but a careful examination of it, and of two others which I possess with a similar structure and habit, discloses no cha- racter by which the genus can be separated from Lychnophora. In the character given in the Prodromus the pappus is said to be simple, and that is the only circumstance which dis- tinguishes it from Lychnophora; but in all my three species I find an external series in the shape of small obtuse scales, distinctly obvious even to the naked eye, which must have been overlooked both by Martius and Decandolle. Such — being the case, they must be placed in the first section of Lychnophora along with L. rosmarinifolia, with which they agree in habit, and in having one-flowered capitula. 4822. L. subulata; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis alternis vel subverticillatis teretibus adpresse sericeo-tomentosis demum glabriusculis, folis confertis sessilibus erecto- patentibus lineari-subulatis basi dilatatis apice pungentibus margine valde revolutis supra glabris subtus cano-tomen- tosis, capitulis terminalibus 1-floris in glomerulum foliis Cinctum aggregatis, involucri squamis lineari-oblongis acutis uninervibus extus tomentosis. Han. Diamond District. Aug. 1840. 232 FLORA OF BRAZIL. Frutex ramosissimus, 3-4-pedalis. Folia 5 lin. longa, semilineam circiter lata. Corolla ignota. Achænium obova- tum, glaberrimum, 10-costatum. Pappus duplex, paleis externis brevissimis squamulæformibus obtusis brunneis, intimis multo longioribus linearibus acutis margine integris subspiraliter tortis albidis. Distinguished from L. Passerina, by its longer narrower and more pungent leaves, and the structure and colour of the pappus. 4821. L. ramosissima; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis subverticil- latis teretibus adpresse sericeo-tomentosis demum glabri- usculis, folis confertis sessilibus patulis subrecurvatis lineari-lanceolatis basi dilatatis subacuminatis margine valde revolutis. supra glabris subtus- cano-tomentosis, capitulis terminalibus 1-floris in glomerulum foliis cinctis aggregatis, involucri squamis lineari-oblongis obtusissimis extus tomentosis. | Has, Bushy places in the Diamond District. July 1840. Frutex ramosissimus, 3-4-pedalis. Folia 8-lin. longa, lineam circiter lata, coriacea. Corolla extus resinoso-glandu- losa, pallide purpurea. Acheenium obovatum, glaberrimum, lO-costatum. Pappus duplex, paleis externis brevissimis squamulæformibus obtusis brunneis, intimis multo lon- gioribus linearibus acutis margine glabris nec spiraliter tortis albidis. This species differs ges the two preceding in its shorter, : broader leaves, very obtuse involucral scales, and the plane, 2 not par twisted, inner paleæ of the pappus. d Sect. 2. BECBNOFHOROIDEE, DC. 4824. L. Martiana ; fruticosa, ramis teretibus crassissimo- lanuginosis, folis patentibus lineari-lanceolatis obtusis margine subrevolutis supra basilonge lanuginosis ceterum — 1 glaberrimis scrobiculatis subtus ubique lanuginoso-tomen- - tosis, capitulis 6-10 in glomerulum subglobosum aggre- FLORA OF BRAZIL, 233 gatis 8-floris cylindricis, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis linearibus obtusis glaberrimis. Has. Elevated mountain tracts between the Diamond Dis- trict and the Rio San Francisco. July 1840. Frutex 6-8-pedalis, ramosus, ramis subverticillatis. Folia 33-44 poll. longa, 6-9 lin. lata. Corolla ignota. Achænium obovato-oblongum, subcompressum, 10-costatum. Pappus duplex, paleis externis 5 late squameeformibus apice obtusis laceratis, intimis multo longioribus linearibus spiraliter tortis. This very remarkable species approaches nearest to L. - villosissima, Mart., but is well distinguished by its more woolly branches, longer, broader and less revolute leaves, glabrous involucral scales, more numerous florets, and much fewer and differently shaped scales of the outer pappus. The inhabitants of the district where it grows, collect the wool from the branches to make beds and pillows of. 4832. L. affinis; fruticosa, ramis teretibus tessellato-tomen- tosis, foliis erecto-patentibus linearibus obtusis basi sub- attenuatis margine revolutis supra rugosis glabriusculis subtus tomentosis, capitulis oblongis 3-4-floris in glome- rulum -globosum aggregatis, involucri squamis lineari- oblongis obtusissimis glabris, pappi serie externa brevis- sima, Han. Serra de Cural del Rey, Province of Minas Geraes. Sept. 1840. Frutex 4-5-pedalis. Folia 2 poll. circiter longa, 1-1} lin. lata. Corolla ignota. Achænium glaberrimum, multicosta- tum. Pappus duplex, paleis externis squameformibus apice OMM intimis quadruplo longioribus linearibus spiraliter Near L. Pinaster, Mart., with which it quite agrees in general aspect, but from which it is readily distinguished by - the external pappus which is four times, not a half, shorter than the internal. TT 4828. L. reticulata; fruticosa, ramis teretibus cinereo- 234 FLORA OF BRAZIL. tomentosis, foliis sparsis sessilibus lanceolatis basi atte- nuatis apice obtusiusculis margine ad basim revolutis supra glabris subtus cinereo-tomentosis penniveniis utrinque valde reticulatis, capitulis 5-floris in glomerulos bracteatos congestis, glomerulis pedunculatis subcorymbosis, invo- lucri oblongi squamis imbricatis lineari-oblongis obtusis glabris. Has. Near Formigas, Province of Minas Geraes. July, 1840. Frutex ramosus, 6-pedalis. Folia 3 poll. longa, 9 lin. lata. Corolla ignota. Achænium oblongum, glaberrimum, 10-cos- tatum. Pappus duplex, paleis externis lineari-lanceolatis subserrulatis, intimis elongatis angustis serrulatis vix Spiral ter tortis albidis. This and the following species differ somewhat in habit from the rest of the Lychnophore, resembling much more some species of Albertinia, but the nature of their pappus forbids their union with that genus. They evidently hold an intermediate station between the two genera, but have no characters on which to found a distinct one. 4827. L. albertinioides; fruticosa, ramis teretibus sapie cinereo-tomentosis, foliis sparsis sessilibus lanceolato- linearibus basi attenuatis apice obtusis eveniis supra glabris scrobiculatis subtus ubique adpresse cinereo-tomentosis, capitulis 4-floris in glomerulos bracteatos congestis, glome- rulis ad apices ramulorum subcorymbosis breviter pedun- - culatis, involucri squamis lineari-oblongis obtusis c ps 4 apicem tomentosis. e Has. Near Villa de Itambé, Province of Minas Gere Aug. 1840. ge. Frutex 5-pedalis. Folia 3 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata. Corolla 3 ignota. Achænium oblongum, glaberrimum, 10-costatum, nigro-punctulatum. Pappus duplex, paleis externis ber squamæformibus obtusis erosis, intimis elongatis lin integris spiraliter tortis sordide albidis. The following are the names of the previously deii FLORA OF BRAZIL. 235 species of Lychnophora contained in my collections : n. 4825, L. villosissima, Mart. ; n. 4826, L. salicifolia, Mart. ; n. 4829, L. staavoides, Mart. ; n. 4831, L. ericoides, Mart. ; n. 4833, L. Pinaster, Mart. : ALBERTINIA, Spreng. Sect. 1. ANISOTRICHIA, DC. 2896. A. stellata; caule fruticoso ramoso, ramis angulatis velutino-tomentosis, foliis sessilibus lanceolato-oblongis obtusis integerrimis supra glabris, subtus adpresse velutino- tomentosis canis, pedunculis folia sua superantibus, capi- tulis 1-floris dense in glomerulum confertis, involucri squamis liberis tomentosis oblongo-lanceolatis — achænia paulo superantibus. Has. Grassy Campos near Santa Rosa, District of the Rio Preto, Province of Pernambuco. Sept. 1839. Frutex 6-8-pedalis. Folia 2}-3 poll. longa, 9-15 lin. lata, pennivenia. Corolla glabra, violacea. Achæniüm subcylin- dricum, villoso-subtomentosum, 10-costulatum. ^ Pappus 3-serialis, radiato-stellatus, stramineus, setis omnibus angustis acuminatis scabridis, seriei exterioris triplo fere brevioribus. Near A. rufiseta, and A. pallidiseta of Decandolle, but differs from both in having angular branches, and in the shape of the leaves and involucral scales. 4812. A. Candolleana; subarborea, ramis angulatis velutino- tomentosis, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis supra nervo medio velutino-tomentosis cæterum Blabriusculis subtus adpresse velutino-tomentosis canis, Capitulis 3-floris in glomerulum globosum foliis paucis parvis subsessilibus sæpe cinctum dense aggregatis, glome- rulis pedunculatis, pedunculis ad apicem late complanatis, involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis acutis extus tomen- tosis, achænio glabro costato, pappi paleis seriebus 3, seriei exterioris duplo brevioribus. Has. Near Villa do Principe, now Cidade do Serro, Pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Aug. 1840. 236 FLORA OF BRAZIL. Arbor 10-12-pedalis. Folia 33-5 poll. longa, 12-14 lin. lata, membranacea, pennivenia, Corolla ignota. Achænium basi subglanduloso-resinosum, Pappus pallide purpuras- cens. Near A. bicolor, DC., but abundantly distinct. Sect. 2. Isorricnia, DC. 1713. A. arborea; subarborea, ramis angulato-striatis ad- presse velutino-tomentosis, folis petiolatis _ elliptico- oblongis basi attenuatis apice acutis vel subacuminatis integerrimis supra glabriusculis adpresse velutino-tomen- tosis canis, capitulis 3-floris dense in glomerulum pedun- culatum congestis, involucri -squamis lineari-oblongis obtusis tomentosis, intimis longioribus, achænio multi- costato glabro, pappi paleis seriebus 2 æqualibus. | Has. Woods on the Serra de Araripe, Province of Ceara. Oct. 1838.* LOVE Arbor 12-15-pedalis. Folia 2-24 poll. longa, 8-9 lin. lata, membranacea, pennivenia, margine ad- basim: revolute Corolla ignota. . Acheenium oblongum, glaberrimum, 10-c05- tatum. Pappus pilosus, scabridus, stramineus. | The following are the previously described species of. Albertinia contained in my collections : n. 792, À. capitata, DC. ; n. 4811, A. bicolor, DC. ; n. 4813, A. eleagnus, Mart. ibas A. erythropappa, DC.; n. 4815, A. verbascifoli — CHRESTA, Velloz. .. Sect. 1. EUCHRESTA, Gardn. 4818. C. intermedia; caule suffruticoso ramoso, ramis striatis — : velutino-tomentosis, folis breviter petiolatis oblongo - ellipticis utrinque obtusis minute dentatis pennivenis - * This is the same as Blanchet's n. 2591, from the Serra Jacobina. — —(G. B.) : ; Serta Ee FLORA OF BRAZIL. 237 reticulatis utrinque adpresse velutino-tomentosis canis, ramis versus apicem nudis capitulo globoso compacto ter- minatis, capitulis 2-3-floris oblongis, involucri squamis lanceolatis acuminatis extus tomentosis, achænio sericeo- villoso. Has. Elevated grassy Campos between the Diamond Dis- trict, and the Rio San Francisco. Suffrutex ramosus, 3-pedalis. Folia submembranacea, venosa, venis utrinque prominulis, 3-34 poll. longa, 14 circiter lata. Corolla violacea, lobis extus longe pilosis. Pappus sordide albidus. When I published my paper on the genus Chresta, in the first vol. of the London Journal of Botany, I laid this species aside as a variety of C. sphærocephala, DC., but on looking at it again more particularly, I now find it to be an interme- diate form between that species and C. pycnocephala, DC. Decandolle is wrong in saying that the corolla of C. sphero- cephala is glabrous, both it and C. pycnocephala, being pilose as in the present species. | : ErnEgPHANTOPUS, Cass. 2643 et 4836. E. palustris; caule erecto ramoso angulato hirto demum glabriusculo, foliis longe lanceolato-linearibus basi dilatatis amplexicaulibus apice attenuatis obtusis minute et distanter serratis utrinque parce hirtis et minute scrobiculatis, floralibus late cordato-orbiculatis acuminatis- serratis reticulatis pellucido-punctatis. villosis vel gla- bratis. i Has. In marshes near the city of Oeiras; Province of Piauhy, (n. 2643) ; and in moist places between the Rio Claro and San Romão, in the Province of Minas Geraes, (n. 4836). Herba erecta, 2-2}-pedalis. Folia pennivenia, 6-8 poll. longa, 4-6 lin. lata. Capitula 4-flora, in glomerulum foliis Cinctum dense adgregata. Involucrum compressum, bise- riale, squamis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis: subtrinervibus 238 FLORA OF BRAZIL. extus ad apicem parce pilosis. Corolla glabra. Achænium oblongum, compressum, glaberrimum, 3-costatum. Pappus l-serialis, paleis 8 late lanceolatis acuminatis serrulatis. A very distinct species from any of those hitherto de- scribed. LacasceA, H.B. et K. Sectio 1. LAGASCA, Cav. 2220. L. Kunthiana : annua, tota molliter hirsuta, foliis longe ` petiolatis late ovatis acuminatis serratis trinervibus, capitu- lis 1-floris in glomerulum foliis cinctum dense adgregatis, glomerulis oppositifoliis pedunculatis petiolo subæqua- libus. Has. Dry Campos, near Boa Esperanga, Province of Piauhy. Feb. 1839. Herba annua, erecta, subramosa, 1-2-pedalis. Folia op- posita, 4-43 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata. Petioli 12-15 lin. longi. Involucrum proprium 1-seriale, gamophyllum, tubu- losum, glanduloso-striatum, 5-partitum, lobis lanceolatis acuminatis 3-nervibus. Corolla alba, extus pubescens. Achæ- nium oblongum, compressum, glaberrimum. Pappus unise- rialis, coroniformis, brevissimus, subdentato-ciliatus. The structure of the corolla in this plant is very remarkable, the marginal veins of the laciniæ being so far removed from the margins as to be at a greater distance from them than — from the axis, resembling in this respect the genus Hymeno- — pappus. There is also sometimes a central vein, but slight, — and I have seen none of them reach below the divisions of | the limb. The fine nerves of the tube are somewhat of @ glandular structure. In the following species, and in another in my herbarium, which I believe to be L. mollis, Cav., the veins are also distant from the margins, but not nearly s0 much as in the present one. a ane 1741. L. campestris; herbacea tota molliter hirsuta, folis — petiolatis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis obtusis subserratis tri- : FLORA OF BRAZIL. 239 nervibus, capitulis 1-floris in glomerulum foliis parvis oblon- gis cinctum dense adgregatis, glomerulis oppositifoliis pedunculatis folio plerumque longioribus. Has. Arid Campas near Villa do Icó, Province of Ceará. Aug. 1838. Herba annua? ramosa, diffusa. Folia superiora alterna, sub lente eleganter reticulata, 9-12 lin. longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Petioli 2 lin. circiter longi. Folia inferiora ignota. Involucrum proprium 1-seriale, gamophyllum, tubulatum, glanduloso- striatum, 5-partitum, lobis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis uninervibus, Corolla alba, extus pubescens.. Achænium ob- longum, compressum, glaberrimum. ~- Pappus uniserialis, coroniformis, brevissimus, ciliatus. This species agrees with L. mollis in habit. As in that species the upper leaves are alternate from the peduncles arising opposite to them. The lower ones are no doubt opposite as in L. mollis, but my only specimen is unfortunately destitute of them. LoRENTEA, Less. Sect. 1. CRYPTOPETALUM, Cass. 2215. L. oligocephala ; caule erecto trichotomo-ramoso, ramis teretibus pubescentibus, foliis sessilibus linearibus acutis apiculatis margine subrevolutis infra medium longe ciliatis supra pubescenti-scabridis subtus nigro-glanduloso-punc- tatis nervo medio piloso-pubescentibus, pedunculis termi- nalibus subbracteatis 1-cephalis, capitulis 16-floris, invo- lucri squamis 5 oblongis acuminatis pubescentibus, achæ- niis pilosis, pappo disci biseriali aristato serrato inæquali, radii 1-seriali setis 4 elongatis cæteris triplo fere breviori- bus tenuioribus. EET Has. Dry Campos near Boa Esperanga, Province of Piauhy. Feb. 1839. | mir Herba annua, erecta, 1-14-pedalis. Folia opposita, 2 poll. longa, 2 lin. lata. Pedunculi subpollicares. Involucrum 240 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 4-lin. longum. Corolla disci lobis extus subpubescenti- bus. 2213. L. affinis ; caule erecto trichotomo-ramoso, ramis tere- tibus striatis pubescentibus, foliis sessilibus anguste linea- ribus acutis apiculatis margine subrevolutis infra medium longe ciliatis supra pubescenti-scabridis subtus nigro- glanduloso-punctatis, pedunculis terminalibus bracteatis 1-cephalis, capitulis 16-floris, involucri squamis 5 oblongis acutis glabris, achæniis pilosis, pappo disci biseriali aristato serrato inæquali, radii 1-seriali setis 5 elongatis ceeteris vix duplo brevioribus. Has. Arid Campos near Retiro, Province of Piauhy. March 1839. Herba annua, 1-14-pedalis. Folia 14-3 poll. longa, lineam lata. Pedunculi graciles, 14 poll. longi. Involucrum 3 lin. longum. 3 ; Allied to the preceding species, but essentially distin- guished by the very different pappus of the florets of the ray, which affords the best character by which to recognize the species, many of which resemble each other very much. 2914. L. ramosissima ; caule erecto trichotomo-ramosissimo ramis gracilibus teretibus puberulis, foliis anguste linearibus acutis apiculatis glabriusculis margine infra medium longe ciliatis subtus nigro-glanduloso-punctatis, pedunculis wr minalibus elongatis subbibracteatis 1-cephalis, capitulis xt 20-floris, involucri squamis 5 oblongis obtusis glabris, achæniis parce pilosis, pappo disci biseriali aristato serrato ‘ inæquali, radii 1-seriali setis 9 elongatis ceteris plerumque — vix duplo brevioribus. . | 7 Has. Dry Campos at Canna Brava, near Oeiras, Province of Piauhy. March 1839. é Herba annua, 1-14-pedalis. Folia subrecurvata, 12-1810. — longa, lineam circiter lata. Pedunculi graciles, 2-poll. long : Involucrum 3-lin. longum. | BU ad 1745. L. polycephala ; caule erecto trichotomo-ramoso, Tamis teretibus puberulis, foliis linearibus acutis apiculatis margine infra medium ciliatis supra pubescenti-scabridis : FLORA OF BRAZIL. 241 subtus nigro-glanduloso-punctatis, pedunculis axillaribus terminalibusque ad apices ramulorum congestis pluribrac- teolatis 1-cephalis, capitulis 15-floris, involucri squamis oblongis acutis glabris, achæniis pilosis, pappo disci bise- riali aristato serrato inæquali, radii 1-seriali setis 10 elon- gatis cæteris duplo brevioribus. i Has. Arid Campos near Villa do Icó, Province of Ceara. Aug. 1838.* Herba annua, 1-14 pedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 14 lin. lata. Pedunculi graciles, subpollicares. Involucrum 3 lin. longum. 2449. L. decumbens ; glaberrima, basi suffruticulosa, caulibus adscendentibus trichotomo-ramosis, foliis sessilibus linea- ribus apice acutis piliferis margine fere ad apicem longe ciliatis pellucido-glandulosis, pedunculis elongatis brac- teatis l-cephalis, capitulis 30-floris, involucri squamis 8 oblongis obtusis, acheniis pilosis, pappo disci biseriali aristato serrato inæquali, radii 1-seriali setis 2 valde elon- gatis cæteris multo brevioribus. Has. Arid Campos near Pobre, Province of Piauhy. July, 1839. Herba vix semipedalis. Radix usque ad collum lignosa. Caules 3-4, decumbentes. Folia congesta, 1-2 poll. longa, 1-13 lin. lata. Pedunculi 2-21 poll. longi. Involucrum 4 lin. longum. 2648. L. congesta; pusilla, glabra, caulibus congestis, foliis sessilibus linearibus apice acutis piliferis margine revolutis infra medium longe ciliatis subtus nigro-glanduloso-punc- tatis, capitulis terminalibus sessilibus 14-floris, involucri squamis oblongis acuminatis, acheniis pilosis, pappo disci biseriali aristato serrato inæquali, radii 1-seriali setis 4 elongatis cæteris paulo brevioribus. Has. Arid Campos near Parnagoa, Province of Pi. Aug. 1839. . * This appears to be the same as n. 583 (837) of Schomburgk's s second collection from Guiana, and is ms allied to Pectis cet . Humb. et Kunth.—(G. B.) VOL. V. T 242 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Herba annua, subbipollicaris. Folia 6 lin. longa, vix | lineam lata. Involucrum 3 lin. longum. Kandy, Ceylon, Sept. 22, 1844. (To be continued.) BOTANICAL INFORMATION. ZrYHER's South African Plants. Sufficient has already appeared in this J ournal respecting Mr. Zeyher, and enough also of the yet unfinished narrative of his travels,* to satisfy our readers that the collections of such a botanist can be of no ordinary character. These collections are now divided by Mr. Zeyher into three groupes. l. Plants gathered during a journey in company with Mr. Burke, from Graham's Town to Macalisberg in lat. 24^ south. 2. Plants gathered to the northward and eee of the Cape Colony; viz. in Namaqua Land and Bushman Country. 3. Plants gathered in the Cape Colony. The first and second of these are now offered for dd namely the plants of the Macalisberg Journey, and those of 3 Namaqua and Bushmaws Country. These two collections tee united amount to from one thousand one hundred, to one e thousand four hundred, fifteen sets of each. The price % — the Macalisberg plants is reckoned at £2 the hundred spe — cies ; those of Namaqua and Bushman's Country z £1 10s the fünbrel species, all expenses included. t will be e . observed that of the above mentioned fifteen p ver numbers ‘contain the greater proportion of species from j * See vol. 1v, p. 643, and the present volume of this SE Fe P 109. : BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 243 Macalisberg, the latter from Namaqua and Bushman Country, the intermediate Nos. (ex. gr. 7, 8, 9) include nearly an equal quantity from both countries. The editor of this Journal can testify to the excellent con- dition of the specimens, and application for sets may be made through Sir W. J. Hooker, or Mr. John Smith, Royal Gardens, Kew. The collections of the Cape Colony are not yet ready for distribution: when théy are, due notice will be given in this Journal. " BonaGEAv's Canary Island Plants. We are glad to be able to announce that a distribution of M. Borgeau’s plants of the Canary Islands, has already commenced, and two centuries of them are actually on sale, and at the very low rate of £1 the century. It must not be inferred from their moderate cost, that the specimens are proportionately indifferent. They are, on the contrary, very fine and well prepared, and of great value to our Her- baria from the circumstance of their being accompanied with correct names (for which we believe the public is indebted to Mr. Webb) on printed labels, accompanied by the locality. Type de chaque Famille et des principaux Genres des Plantes croissant. spontanément en France; exposition détaillée et complète de leurs Caractères et de AO ; par F. PLéÉe. We have hitherto seen only one number of this work, but that ‘suffices to give us a favourable opinion of it. Each No. (price 1 f. 25 c. of France) contains an excellent figure, illustrative of a family, and of a genus, and ot accompanied by a suitable description and re The Subject before us is the Calystegia sepium, mire of . the natural order QURE and so well is this plate : T2 244 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. executed, that we do not wonder at the expression in the * Rapport? on the work by M. Ch. Martins, when he says, * l'auteur ayant à décrire des formes et des organes, a plus souvent employé le crayon que la plume." M. Plée, indeed, seems to be perfect master of the pencil, and the drawing and colouring are equally excellent and delicate. The analysis of the flowers and fruits is complete, even to the embryo in a state of germination ; and there is no confu- sion in the arrangement of the numerous figures. The descriptive part is also satisfactory and useful. It begins with the name and character of the natural family; then of the genus ; and lastly of the species, upon which follow some remarks on other plants of the same order, especially of such as are useful in medicine, or in domestic economy. An explanation of the figures, of which there are in this instance no less than nineteen, besides the plant of the natural size, concludes the account of the natural order. Twenty Lessons on British Mosses, by W. GARDINER, Dundee ; illustrated with specimens. We have already mentioned Mr. W. Gardiner of Dundee as one of the most enthusiastic of our British Botanists, and his specimens, gathered chiefly about Dundee, in the Gram- pian mountains, have elicited much praise from us. Wehave — spoken favourably of his “ Botanical Rambles in Braemar,” - and we have announced his “ Flora of Forfarshire,” as about - to appear. Another and exceedingly interesting little pocket volume has just appeared, his “ Twenty Lessons on British Mosses," a work executed with much taste and written with much good feeling, and offered at the moderate cost of half acrown. Aftera brief preface, follows the first Lesson, which : is introductory. The second is on the structure of Mosses, and the different external parts of a moss are illustrated by - a specimen itself, and a reference is made to the capsule, - seta, calyptra, operculum and peristome: the remaining BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 245 eighteen Lessons are descriptive of as many species of Mosses, accompanied by specimens, and several of them are of rare oc- currence. We think few will peruse this little book without de- siring to know more of the family of plants of which it treats. PaycoLocia Barrannica; or History of the British Sea- weeds, by W. H. Harvey, M.D. M.R.I.A., &c., &c. Four numbers of this beautiful work are already before the public, and the judgment of that public has been pro- nounced upon it. We believe of its merits there can be but one opinion, viz. that at no period of botanical literature has a more important contribution been made to the Flora of the British Isles than on the present occasion. Of Dr. Harvey’s fitness for the descriptive portion of the work, a moment's doubt could not be entertained ; but it adds infinitely to the value of the plates, to know that not only are the drawings and analysis all executed by Mr. Harvey’s own hands, but the plates (lithographs) also; thus ensuring the most perfect accuracy to the figures, as well as the letter-press. The work will be completed in sixty numbers, and each number contains six coloured plates, at the moderate price of 28. 6d. These appear without reference to systematic order, but at the conclusion of each volume, and more fully at the completion of the entire work, systematic and alphabetical indexes will be added; and finally a general introduction, to be prefixed to the last volume, will complete the history. The plates represent the natural size and magnified dissec- tions of the species, accompanied by generic and specific characters, synonyms, British habitats, the geographical distribution and general history of each individual, in a fuller and more perfect manner, than has yet been attempted in any work exclusively devoted to the illustration of British We heartily wish it all the success so useful a publication merits, | west f . 246 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Catalogue of the first Series of Plants of Java, collected by Mr. Tu. Loss, sets of which have been announced for sale by Mr. Heward, Young Street, Kensington, (see p. 198 of this volume); by M. J. E. Phancnon. Nos. 1 Ranunculus Javanicus, Blume. 2 Thalictrum Javanicum, Blume. 3 Clematis Leschenaultiana, DC. 4 Polyalthia Kentii, Blume. 5 Polyalthia macrophylla, Blume. 6 Guatteria macrophylla? Blume. 7 Viola pilosa, Blume. 8 Hippocratea Indica, Willd. 9 Polygala venenosa, Juss. _ 10 Xanthophyllum (Jackia vitellina, Blume). 11 Hiptage Javanica, Blume. 12 Saurauja. 13 Schima Noronhe, Blume. 14 Eurya (Geeria angustifolia, Blume.) 15 Sterculia subpeltata, Blume. 16 Helicteres hirsuta, Lour. 17 Grewia glabra, Blume. 18 Elæocarpus floribundus ? Blume. 19 Elæocarpus (Monocera, J. . ..) 20 Didymocheton nutans, Blume. 21 Micromelum pubescens, Blume. 22 Fluggea microcarpa, Blume. ; 23 "Trewia macrophylla, Blume, non vera a Trevis 24 Quercus pointes Blume. : 25 26 Ficus. 27 Ficus. 28 Bragantia tomentosa, Blume. 29 Pisonia. 30 Litsæa. 31 Leo Grifith. BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 247 Nos. 31* Natsiatum oppositifolium, Planchon, MSS. 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Viscum. Loranthus Schultesii, Blume, Loranthus pentandrus, L. fide Blume. Loranthus fasciculatus? Blume. Loranthus. Begonia. Agapetes laurifolia? Don. Diplycosia pilosa, Blume. Gaultheria repens, Blume. Gaultheria leucocarpa, Blume, Rhododendron Javanicum, Benn. 42* Agapetes ? coriacea ? Don. 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Rhododendron album, Blume. Dissochæta cyanocarpa, Blume. Medinilla laurifolia, Blume. Osbeckia linearis, DC. Eugenia? pendula? DC. Eugenia ? 4 Ampelopsis Indica, ne 5 Arthrophyllum diversifolium ? Blume. Panax Chinensis, Blume. Paratropia.. ... Jonesia Asoca, Roxb. Desmodium. Uraria crinita, DC. Acacia polycephala, Grah. in. Wall. Cat. Cerasus, C. Martabanicæ, Wall, Cat. proxima. Rubus Celebicus? ? Blume. Rubus rosæfolius, Lin. R. Javanicus, Blume. Rubus pyrifolius, Smith. Rubus. - x Rubus Lobbianus, Hook. R. alcezefolius, Poir. Rubus. E —— ria Singh. Lysimachia; - eg 248 Nos. 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 "n. 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 97 98 99 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Embelia Javanica, Alph. DC. Beobotrys virgata? Alph. DC. Ardisia purpurea? Blume. Ardisia sanguinolenta? Blume. Ardisia fuliginosa, Blume. Aganosma Blumei, Alph. DC. Leucodermis Javanica, Planchon, MSS. Gentianea. Gentianea. Cyrtophyllum speciosum, Blum. Fagræa morindæfolia, Blume. Fagræa auriculata, Jack. Fagræa lanceolata, Blume. Hoya. Asclepiadea. Asclepiadea. Asclepiadea. Asclepiadea. Rubia Javana, DC. Psychotria ? Pavetta. Pavetta. Pavetta macrophylla, Blume. Ixora salicifolia, Blume. Gardenia ? Rubiacea. . Knoxia lineata, DC ? Rubiacea. - Mussænda acuminata, Blume. Rubiacea. . Sambucus Javanica, Blume. Viburnum lutescens ? Blume. Nauclea. 100 Uncaria pedicellata ? Roxb. 101 Uncaria. 102 Lerchea longicaada, L. Benn. Pl. Jes nt 103 Gnaphalium luteo-album, L. ; BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 249 Nos. 104 Composita. 105 Campanumæa Javanica, Blume. 106 Lobelia cæspitosa, Blume. 107 Lobelia montana ? Blume. 108 Agalmyla staminea, Blume. 109 Æschinanthus pulchra, Steud. 110 Æschinanthus longiflora, Blume. 111 Loxonia acuminata, Blume. 112 Loxotis obliqua, Blume. 113 Monophyllea, Bi. 114 Scrophularinea. 115 Scrophularinea. 116 Scrophularinea. 117 Scrophularinea. 118 Scrophularinea. 119 Scrophularinea. 120 Scutellaria. 121 Boraginea. 122 Labiata. 123 Sphenoclæa Zeylanica, L. 124 Acanthacea. 125 Acanthacea. 126 Amomacea. 127 Aroidea. 128 Aroidea. 129 Palma. 130—140 Gramineæ. E 141—196 Orchidee. 197 Polypodium, (Dipteris Horsfieldii, Br.) 198 Gymnopteris Vespertilio, Hook. 199 Lindsæa heterophylla, Dr. (L. Javanica ? BL.) 200 Polybotrya marginata, Bl. 201 Trichomanes maximum, Bi. 202 Trichomanes meifolium, Bory. - 203 Davallia gracilis, Blume. 204 Lindsea, Blume. 205 Helminthostachys dulcis, Kaulf. 250 DESCRIPTION D'UN GENRE Nos. 206 Pteris longipes, Don ? Blume. 207 Psilotum complanatum, Sw. Blume. 208 Aspidium (Lastræa). 209 Davallia pinnata, Cav. 210 Gymnopteris spicata, Pr. (Hymenolepis ophioglossoides, Kaulf.) 211 Polybotrya cicutaria, Blume. 212 Adiantum pulchellum, Blume. 213 Adiantum lunulatum, Burm. 214 Aspidium (Lastræa) ? 215 Pteris (Litobrochya) aurita, Blume. 216 Synaphlebium davalloides, Blume. 217 Lindsæa adiantoides, J. Sm. 0] 218 Polypodium (Drynaria) incurvatum, Blume. 219 Ophioglossum reticulatum, Sw. 220 Davallia elegans, Sw, 221 Diplazium (Callipteris) Malabaricum, Spr. 222 Polystichum? 223 Polystichum ? 223*Asplenium calophyllum, J. Sm, 224 Nephrodium. 225 Davallia pentaphylla, Blume. Description d'un genre nouveau, voisin du CL1FTONIA, avec des observations sur les affinités des SAURAUYA, des SARRA- CENIA, et du STACHYURUS. sie J, E. PLANCHON, doc- teur-ès-sciences. [ piae une ique, Ta. IX: | Peg, 1 Planch. p CHAR. GEN. Cas scariosus, persistens, paste folios 2 lateralibus externis. (alis) maximis, oblique ovatis, in&^ — qualibus, postico, parvo. lineari, anticis approximatis, altero postico conformi, altero. "duplo. mejore, oblique: mE 7 ceolato. Petala 5, æqualia, lanceolata: acutiuscula, de- - cidua. Stamina 10. subeequalia; anthere Ainea-oblonge a $1 i VOISIN DU CLIFTONIA. 251 filamento subulato supra medium: dorso affixe, oscillantes, basi acutze, loculis 2 connectivum angustam marginantibus, latere suleo exaratis, utroque poro-apicali, subpostico pol- len fundente. Ovarium- quadriloculare, 4-ovulatum; ovula anatropa, sub apice loculorum appensa; stylus: filiformis, apice incurvo acuto inconspicue stigmatosus. .Nucula calice parum mutato adpresso tecta, quadrilocularis. Semina loculum non replentia, integumento tenuissimo subfloccoso - albicante, -albumini carnoso- adhærente, embryonis parvi recti, radicula, supera cotyledonibus longiore. Frutex Novo-granatensis, habitu arbutaceo, ramis. denudatis, folis ramulos dense vestientibus, patenti-erectis, alternis, exstipulatis, sessilibus, integris, rigidis, glaberrimis,. nervo medio rubente subtus prominulo, lateralibus intra reticulum nervulorum vix conspicuis, racemo terminali eleganter in- curvo-nutante, propter calices scariosos imbricatos amentaceo, pedicellis supra medium articulatis, basi bractea arida sti- patis, petalis roseis, alam calicis maximam ars o se Speciem generis unicam quæ | Purdiæa nutans (Tas. IX). in regno Novo-Granatensi, prope pagum La Cruz, augusto florentem et fructiferam legit Cl. Purdie, cujus laboriosa merita pignore levi memorare voluminus. (V. siec. in herb. patroni mei generosissimi Cl. Hooker). - Le genre que je viens de décrire établit une connexion évi- dente entre la supposée famille des Cyrillées et le: vaste groupe dont les Vacciniées, les Ericinées et les Epacridées constituent des coupes naturelles. La texture ferme et reti- culée des feuilles, la grappe élégamment penchée qui termine les rameaux, les bractées. scarieuses qui accompagnent et cachent en partie les pédicelles, tous ces caractères d’ensem- ble qui frappent dans le Purdiea, se retrouvent aussi litté- ralement reproduits chez le Cliftonia (Mylocarium, - Muhl.) qu’ils le sont avec de- légères nuances chez les Andromeda, les Arbutus et surtout gare Les pétales libres et embri- 252 DESCRIPTION D'UN GENRE qués dans le bouton rattachent aussi bien le nouveau genre aux Pyroles qu'aux Cyrillées; ses anthéres oscillantes, pointues à leur base et ouvertes au sommet par deux pores sont justement celles des Pyroles; son fruit au contraire qui est sec, indéhiscent et à quatre loges monospermes concourt avec tous les autres caractères pour fixer sa place à côté du Cliftonia. Guidé par cette sagacité merveilleuse qui lui a fait si sou- vent devancer l'observation exacte, A. L. de Jussieu rangeait le Cyrilla parmi les Ericinées, sans connaître les chaînons intermédiaires qui établissent ses rapports avec ces plantes. Le Cliftonia qui vint naturellement se placer prés du Cyrilla jette peu de jour sur ses affinités; lElliottia, au contraire, suffisait pour justifier Pheureuse hardiesse de Jussieu et engager les auteurs du Flora of North America, à réunir ces trois genres comme une section des Ericinées. L'opinion de ces savants auteurs a été adoptée dans le supplément du genera d'Endlicher; mais, par inadvertance, PElliottia, au lieu d'étre énuméré parmi les Cyrillées, reste dans la pre- miére partie de louvrage, à côté des Clethra, qui s'en éloignent par leurs capsules polyspermes. Le triple caractére de pétales libres, anthéres sans appen- dices et fruit à loges monospermes fournit un diagnostic assez tranché des Cyrillées, quoique ces mêmes caractères pris isolément aient ailleurs une valeur à peine générique. Peut-être méme faudra-t-il, plus tard, admettre dans cette section un genre à loges du fruit polyspermes, si le Sta- chyurus de la Flore du Japon vient prendre place à côté du Clifionia. Ce rapprochement que j’indique avec réserve, faute de pouvoir consulter en ce moment l'ouvrage où le Stachyurus est figuré et décrit avec détail, sera je suppose» confirmé par ceux qui peuvent comparer les deux genres. Une affinité que j’indique avec plus d'assurance, parc? qu'il m’est permis de parler de viso, est celle des Sarracent@ et des Pyrola. Un coup d’eil sur ces genres avec l'intention de les comparer dévoile entr’eux des points de contact ST nombreux qu'il ne saurait rester un doute sur leur aflinite VOISIN DU CLIFTONIA. 253 immédiate. Qu’on rapproche, par exemple, un Sarracenia et le Pyrola uniflora. Leur mode de végétation est identique. Les parties de la fleur et les trois bractées qui en embrassent le calice s’accordent exactement dans leur disposition réci- proque et même dans les formes; la remarquable texture de la membrane qui forme les anthères, le mode d'insertion de ces organes au filet, la composition du fruit et des graines, tout concourt à établir entre ces genres une proximité d’au- tant plus satisfaisante, que la place des Sarracenia restait encore un probléme à résoudre. M. Lindler, il est vrai, a eu une idée assez heureuse en les rapprochant des Droseracées par l'intermédiaire du Dionea. Loin de combattre cette opinion, je pourrais au contraire l'appuyer, en établissant un parallèle entre le Monotropa et ses analogues etle Dionea et les Droseracées. Mais ce serait m'égarer trop loin de mon sujet, et m'exposer à être mal compris par crainte de m’ex- pliquer trop longuement. Aussi en attendant de reprendre cette question, je la laisse à ceux qui ne comptent pas les Caractères, mais qui les pèsent, en donnant à Vhabitus une importance qui lui est trop souvent refusée. On est surpris, par exemple, que les ressemblances d'aspect si frappantes entre les espèces Péruviennes de Clethra et les Saurauja des mémes régions, n'aient pas fixé l'attention sur les coincidences de leurs caractères. Les mêmes rapports d'aspect auraient dû plus tôt faire établir un parallèle entre les espéces de Saurauja de l'Inde dont les fleurs naissent sur la portion nue des rameaux et les Dillenia qui présentent une Végétation analogue; on aurait pu saisir entre ces genres des rapports trés réels, quoique insuffisants pour les réunir dans le méme groupe naturel, ainsi que l'a fait M. Lindley, dans | Pouvrage plein d'intérét et d'utilité qu'il vient de donner à la science. I] est bien remarquable qu'un genre incontestable- ment naturel flotte entre deux affinités en apparence contra- dictoires et quon puisse être porté à le rapprocher des Eri- cinées ou des Dilleniacées, suivant qu’on a sous les yeux les représentants d’une Flore Américaine, ou ceux de la Flore de PInde Orientale. Mais, la complication et la singularité 954 DESCRIPTION D'UN GENRE s’augmentent, si Pon reconnait aux Saurawa une autre affinité incontestable, celle qu'on leur a jusqu'ici presque exclusivement attribuée, avec les Eurya et les Cleyera. Cest méme là que je voudrais laisser ce genre, en attendant qu'une revue des Ternstræmiacées en définisse mieux les sections et les vrais limites. Pour conclure cet article, il me reste à tracer les caractéres de la section des Cyrillées et la diagnose des genres qui 9y rattachent, en indiquant outre leurs affinités immédiates, les rapports moins directs qu'ils présentent avec d'autres familles. Pour cela je reprends la langue dont la forme concise se préte le plus heureusement à un résumé descriptif. Sub Ericearum signis, vix non promiscue militant Hricee et Rhododendra, Juss, ; Pyrolacee, et Monotropacee, Lindl. nuper, titulo non probato, in regna propria segregate, Sarraceniee, La Pyl. huc usque, lege dura, a sedibus longe exules ; demum genera Cyrille affinia propriam sectionem sistentes nempè, CYRILLEÆ, Torr. et Gray. Ericess petalis liberis, antheris inappendiculatis, fructu inde- _ hiscente, (an semper ?), loculis monospermis. Quas notas sectionis differentiales charactere naturali gene- rum fusius illustrare licebit. Genera buc certè referenda, sunt Cyrilla, Cliftonia, Purdieu, Elliottia. Stachyurus, Sieb. et Zuce. a sectione recedit r loculis fructus uniseriatim polyspermis, in aliis plane COP” — veniens, ut vix de affinitate proxima dubitaverim. ; Char. generum naturale. 1. CYRILLA. Calyx minimus, 5-dentatus : petala 5, she "m stamina 5, petalis alterna, filamentis crassis ubulatis, 3 antheris bilocularibus, lateraliter aiit discus nullus: ovarium biloculare, biovulatum, stylo brevi apice - bidentato dentibus stigmate punctiformi notatis. Frue VOISIN DU CLIFTONIA. 955: maturus mihi non suppetens, ex auct. capsula carnosa, bivalvis, quod potius ex ovario valde accreto baccam siccam dipyrenam, pyrenis, si quidem ab axi solutis, inde- hiscentibus, facile érediderim. Frutices glaberrimi, foliis versus apicem ramulorum congestis, rigidis, integerrimis, nervoso-reticulatis, racemis spiciformi- bus, gracilibus, strictis, foliorum fasciculo intermixtis, vel subjectis, floribus minutis, pedicello brevi bractea minuta acuta basi stipatis. Oss. I.—Species verisimiliter plus quam 2, sed difficillime ^ extricande ; unica Americæ septentrionalis incola (cujus C. parvifolia, Shuttl. videtur mera varietas), altera per In- sulas Antillanas, Jamaicam ! Dominicam! diffusa (sed forsan hic 2 latent.) Genus tandem inter plantas Guaya- nenses Cl. Schomburgkii occurrit, sed e ex specimine manco nihil de specie certum est. Oss. II.—Mira calicis, petalorum, ovarii, nec non habitus generalis similitudo inter Cyrillam et Caraipam leiantham. Benth. (que structura antherarum singulari a Caraipis veris discrepat), observanda, affinitatem classis Bicornium et Ternstroemiacearum jam ex Clethra et Saurauja compa- ratis obviam, signo novo illustrat. 2. Currron1a, Banks, (Mylocarium, Muhl.) Calyx minutus, 5-dentatus, petala 5 obovata, calice multo majora submarcescentia, demum decidua : stamina 10, fila- mentis crassis, supra medium abrupte coarctatis et subbi- ~ dentatis, antheris bilocularibus, lateraliter dehiscentibus : ` discus nullus vel óbsoletus: ovarium 4-loculare, quadri- ovulatum, stigmate subsessili obsolete quadrilobulato-co- ronatum. Drupa (fide Gertn. fil. Carp. IHI. p. 246, tab. 225,) exsucca, 4-alata, 4-locularis: semina in loculis soli- ` taria, ex apice anguli centralis: pendula, anatropa, —- mento tenui, albumini carnoso- adhærente, embryon: ‘in axi albuminis recti, cylindrici, pee pea - oni s us breviore. eae Frutex Boreali-Americanus, foliis poe versus apicem Ag mulorum es brevissime "€ margine revo- 956 DESCRIPTION D'UN GENRE VOISIN DU CLIFTONIA. luto, integerrimis, subtus glaucescentibus, racemis nutantibus, bracteatis. Oxss.—Genus Purdiaæ inter affinia proximum. Habitus quodammodo Jlcineus; Fructus et imprimis seminum fabrica Cyrillee ut observatum est, ad Jlicineas tendunt. 3. Purpiaa, Planch. Char. supra fuse exposito, pauca hic que addantur, remanent. Ovula anatropa, micropyle valde dilatato hiante, integu- mento simplicissimo, nucleo subjecto adherente, superficie albescente subfloccosa. Ramulorum summitates cortice levi, crassiusculo, vitellino indute, circa foliorum inser- tionem impressam subtumente. 4. ELLIOTTIA, Muhl. Calyx minutus, 4-dentatus, petala 4, lineari-oblonga, margi- nibus inferne valvatis subcohærentibus apice anguste im- bricatis : stamina 8, filamentis subulatis, antheris bilocula- ribus, loculis rima introrsa basim non attingente hiantibus : discus tumidus: ovarium 4-loculare, ovulis in loculo-soli- tariis, amphitrope curvatis, angulo centrali peritrope 1m- sertis: s/ylus longus basi compressus, apice curvatus: stigma e lobulis 4 minutis margine tenui indusiatis (ut In Azalea et plerisque Ericineis) : fructus. . . ..- Frutex Boreali-Americanus, habitu Befariam potius quam Clethram referens, foliis alternis, petiolatis, utrinque acutis, subtus subglaucescentibus, racemo terminali recto, lazifloro, floribus longiuscule pedicellatis. Explic. de la Planche IX. Purdiea nutans, Pl. un ramea florifére. Fic. 1. Une fleur vue dans sa partie antérieure, un peu plus étalée que dans l'état naturel; f. 2. la même, beaucoup plus étalée; f. 3. calice isolé, dans sa position normale ; f. 4. une étamine; f. 5. ovaire; f. 6. le méme, coupé de manière à ne montrer que deux de ses quatre loges ; f. 7. un ovule, (le micropyle est très dilaté) ; f- & une graine; f. 9. embryon. Tous les détails sont plus 0? E moins grossis. ae ON THYSANOTHECIUM. 257- On THYSANOTHECIUM; a new genus of Lichens, by C. MowTrAGNE, D.M., and the Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A., F.L.S. (With a Plate, Tas. X.) The remarkable production here characterised formed part of an extensive collection of Swan River Cryptogams sent to Sir W. J. Hooker by Mr. Drummond. The older indivi- duals, though their affinity to the great division of Lichens is very evident, bear a very striking resemblance to Cantha- rellus undulatus, Fr. Unfortunately no sporidia have been detected; the series of specimens is, however, too perfect to allow of the supposition that it is merely a strange form of some well known genus. TuvsaANorHECIUM, Mont. and Berk. Apothecia terminalia, libere enata, primitus orbicularia plana, margine sinuoso integro, demum flabellari-expansa, obliqua, maxima, lobata, lobis oblongis. Discus tandem immar- ginatus (excipulo nullo receptus) thallo subconcolor, palli- — dus, strato gonimo impositus. Asci imperfecti. Thallus duplex ; verrucæ sparsæ a quibus surgunt frondes verticales tereti-compressæ, cartilagineo-corticate, rimoso- plicatze solide, intus filamentosee.— Han. ad ligna adusta necnon ad terram nudam in regione Australasiæ, Swan River dicta. Thysanothecium Hookeri.—Drumm. n. 69, 70. The genus has somewhat the habit of Ramalina, to which it is analogous, in the position of the proligerous lamina and the nature of the thallus, but it is very different in the mode of evolution and the form of the apothecia. These are formed at an early period on the tips of the fronds, and they might then be taken for those of a Stereocaulon. ‘They may be distinguished, however, by the absence of an excipulum.- They lose gradually their orbicular form, and are developed . unequally, so as at last to appear fixed to the thallus by. * à single point of their circumference, the remainder being |l VOL: v. U 258 NEW HEPATIC. divided into flabellate lobes. It is certainly an anomalous genus, like many others of its compatriots. The colour varies from a pale yellowish-green, or grey, to brown. The podetia in n. 70 do not exceed 2 lines in height, and the warts of the lower part of the thallus are smaller, while in n. 69 they are sometimes half an inch high. Tas. X.—Fic. 1. Young, and f. 2. full grown plants, nat. size; f. 3. young thallus and podetia ; f. 4. older ditto; f. 5. vertical section of ditto; f. 6. podetium ; f. 7. portion of apothecium ; f. 8. ditto, more advanced; f. 9. asci ;—more or less magnified. New HrPATICE ; by Tuomas Tavron, M.D. Having been permitted by Sir William J. Hooker the agreeable privilege of examining the Hepatice of his most extensive and valuable collection, and allowed the liberty of publishing the undescribed species, I propose, in the following papers, to give specific characters and short diag- nostic descriptions of those that appear to me new. À few are added from my private Herbarium and from those of other kind friends. : 1. Gymnomirrion, Nees. 1. G. atrocapillum, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule tenuissimo, im- plexo, procumbente, subramoso, flexuoso ; foliis distantibus, erectis, adpressis, concavis, ovato-quadratis, eroso-emargi- natis, integerrimis; perichetialibus majoribus- imbricatis in capitulum congestis. Has. On clay, at an elevation of 600 feet, Foul Haven. Kerguelen's Land, May, 1840, Dr, Joseph D. Hooker. — Patches loose, 1-2 inches wide. Stems black, slender 95 horse-hair, the sterile nodulose with distant concave ad- B pressed leaves, whose emarginate summits are browner than. T the remaining parts; perichætial stems pale olive-brown dat NEW HEPATICÆ. 259 clavato-rotundate at their tops, which are twice as wide as the inferior part of the shoot. Perichætial leaves more im- bricated, more concave and rounder than the cauline ; within the perichetium was found a pair of minute whitish, scariose, very connivent scales, but neither calyptra or barren pistilla were present. 2. PLAGrIoenina, Nees et Mont. l. P. elata, Tayl; caule laxe cæspitoso, elongato, erecto, flexuoso, apice incurvo, subramoso; foliis arcte imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, secundis, dimidiato-cordatis, latis, ciliato- spinosis, margine superiori recurvo; calyce demum axil- lari, oblongo, subincurvo, compresso, truncato, dentato. Han. Chiloe; n. 1449, Cuming, Hook. Herb. "Tufts wide, olive-brown. Stems 5 inches high, prolonged by one or two annual branches. Leaves, even when moist- ened, secund, more erect than patent, the inferior portion gibbous and more strongly ciliated. Perichætial leaves similar to, but larger than the cauline. Calyx obovate, truncate, compressed before flowering and, contrary to what is common in the genus, less strongly ciliated than the leaves. This species is far a larger plant than P. diserialis, Lind., its leaves are by no means decurrent, and the calyx is dentate, not subentire. 2. P. Pichinchensis, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscendente, basi ramoso ; surculis complanatis, simplicibus; foliis sub- imbricatis, patentibus, oblongo-ovatis, obtusiusculis, den- tato-ciliatis, margine superiori recurvo, decurrente, in- feriori basi rotundato, subgibboso ; calyce demum axillari, Oblongo, campanulato, ore aperto, ciliato, hinc alato, ala lineari, dentata. Has. Woods of Pichincha ; n. 334. Prof. W. Jameson. — Tufts loose, pale olive green. Stems 2-3 inches on Several from the same point, hence appearing fascicled ; shoots simple, very slightly curved. Leaves scarcely imbrics very thin. Prime Pape rer the base rounded and _ full, the. mouth shortly two-lobed, ciliated. "scs cta hx 7 260 NEW HEPATICÆ. long as the calyx, very pale olive green. Capsule elongato- ovate. Seeds and spiral filaments fixed on the inner surface of the valves. This fine species approaches another Alpine and Tropical one, Jung. cristata, Swartz, from Jamaica; differing by the more simple shoots, the wider and less im- bricated leaves, their more distant but stronger ciliation, and, by the absence of elongated declining shoots, radicating at their summits. 3. P. Chonotica, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, surculis erectis, basi subnudis, subramosis, complanatis ; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, ex angusta basi oblongis, rotundatis, convexis, margine utroque recurvo atque spinoso-dentato. Has. Chonos Archipelago. n. 434. Darwin, Hook. Herb. Tufts pale tawney. Stems 2-3 inches high, dendroid or naked and simple below. The perigonia are small, short, simple linear spikes, whose leaves are minute, closely imbri- cated, tumid, denticulate. It has some resemblance to P., fasciculata, Lind., but the shoots of this are much narrower, the leaves shorter, more distantly and more minutely toothed,. the branches fascicled, and the cells of the leaves much more minute. ; I 4. P. Amboynensis, Tayl.; surculis laxe cæspitosis, erectis, . vage ramosis, complanatis ; foliis imbricatis, erecto-paten- tibus, late acinaciformibus, obtusis, margine inferiori den-. tato-ciliato, superiori integerrimo, recurvo ; perichætialibus — calyce longioribus suberectis ; calyce terminali, ovato, om presso, hinc fisso, ciliato. ! i2 qum. Has. Amboyna, Webb. Hook. Herb. go P Tufts loose, tawney olive. Shoots 1-2 inches high, den- c droid, straight, subpinnate, complanate. Leaves perichætial leaves and calyx dentate above and ciliated beneath on the — inferior margin. Calyx browner and shorter than the pens = chetium. The outline of the shoot resembles that of P. Ja- vanica, Nees et Mont., but the present is a smaller ane browner species, with larger leaves, more ciliated at the base. of the inferior margin, while the calyx is much shorter. | ` 5. P. Dillenii, Tayl. ; caule repente, surculis confertis, erect NEW HEPATICÆ. 261 subramosis; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, convexis, obovatis, decurvis, denticulatis, marginibus recurvis; ca- lyce terminali, ex angusta basi oblongo, apice compresso, perichætium superante, ore subtruncato, dentato. Has. Sides of streams in mountain woods, common in Ireland, Dill. Musc. p. 488, t. 69, f. 6, A. B. C. Tufts loose, pale olive-green. Shoots 1-2 inches high, more rarely as long as in the Dillenian figure. Calyces obliquely and roundly truncate; tbe fertile much larger than the barren. Capsule oblong. Pedicel thick, about as long as the shoots. Differs from Jung. asplenioides, L., by the smaller size, darker colour, the more imbricated, more erect, more convex and narrower leaves, and by the calyx more covered by the perichætium. 6. P. punctata, Tayl.; surculis cæspitosis, erectis, ramosis ; foliis punctatis, subapproximatis, patentibus, rotundato- ovatis, recurvato-convexis; calyce demum axillari, ex angusta basi late obovato, compresso, hine fisso, illinc alato, ala denticulata, ore rotundato, spinoso-ciliato. Has. In Ireland, common. Canaries, Lemann, Hook. Herb. Tufts dense, about 1 inch high, yellowish-olive. Lower leaves very small. Calyces short. Perigonia in terminal -oblongo-ovate spikes, of 4 or 5 pairs of widely ovate, obtuse, dentate leaves, whose anterior margins are inflexed on the solitary anthers. Differs from Jung. spinulosa, Dicks, by the smaller size, the patent leaves, which are not decurrent, and are punctato-cellulose; by the shorter calyx and by the more frequent flagelliform shoots. 7. P. orientalis, Tayl.; surculis cæspitosis, erectis, pesi mosis ; foliis subapproximatis, patentibus, lineari-obovatis, margine recurvis, subdecurrentibus, apice 2-3-4 -dentatis ; perichetiis demum axillaribus, majoribus, calyce — obovato, truncato, ciliato duplo longioribus. ik Has. Nepal, Wallich, Hook. Herb. ur - Tufts loose, nearly 2 inches high, tawney-olives a Lenvdi convex, nearly patent, sometimes with but 2 spinose teeth at their tops, usually, mere with 3 or pes Perichetia 262 NEW HEPATICÆ. of two erect, rotundato-ovate, dentato-ciliate leaves. The ealyces observed were not fertile, bearing barren pistilla, shortly obovate, with a wide obliquely truncate mouth, the higher part of which was the more. strongly ciliated. Ours resembles P. pectinata, Lindl. It differs by the pale colour, wider shoots, wider bases of the leaves, which are more convex, their denticulation more spinous, their cells are wider. In P. tenuis, Lind., likewise from Nepal, the perichæ- tial leaves are far shorter than the calyx, and the cauline leaves are more distant and more minute. 8. P. Kamounensis, Tayl. ; surculis cæspitosis, erectis, subra- mosis, subtus hirsutis, apice incurvis; foliis imbricatis, subpatentibus, secundis, convexis, dimidiato-cordatis, basi lucido-nerviis, margine superiori decurrente, inferiori sinu- ato-crispo, utrisque recurvis, dentatis. Has. Kamoun. Wallich, Hook. Herb. Tufts rather loose, brownish-olive, scarcely 2 inches high. Shoots simple, but usually rising in pairs from the same point ; their inferior side beset with numerous, flat, simple filaments, which resembling roots, yet are placed on shoots not touching the ground. Leaves dentate round their entire margin ; the lower leaves minute. From P. corrugata, Lind. the present is at once distinguished by the absence of stipules, by the root-like filaments on the inferior side of the shoots, the smaller but more extended denticulation of the leaves aS well as by the pale yellow, transparent, elongated spot at the —— middle of their bases, representing a nerve. m 9. P. deflexirama, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, erecto, pin- dE nato; ramis distantibus, eomplanatis, subsimplicibus — deflexis, foliis subimbricatis, patenti-decurvis, dimidiato- oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, spinoso-dentatis, margine dorsali decurrente, basi recurvo, ventrali subcristato ; calyce ter- minali, immerso, oblique, semirotundo, compresso, hinc basin usque fisso, inciso-eiliato. Eon Has. No. 320, on trunks of trees, Pichincha. Prof. W. = Jameson. No. 110, Peru. «Hook. Herb. ue Pale yellowish olive. . Stems 7-8 inches long, smooth; NEW HEPATICÆ, 263 slightly flexuose. Denticulation of the leaves strong, the terminal spinous. Calyx terminal on. branches. Periche- tium large. This is a larger, species than P. abietina, Nees, its habit loose and light, the branches are more simple, the leaves longer and less imbricated, besides the calyx is termi- nalon longer branches, is split down to the base on one side, and furnished all round the mouth with dense elongated ciliæ. E 10. P. erea, Tayl.; caule debili, tenui, pendente, subramoso ; foliis +. distichis, : planiuseulis, .. distantibus, patentibus, lineari-lanceolatis antice apiceque elongato-ciliatis ;. calyce axilari, oblongo, subincurvo, apice demum hiante, ciliato, hinc fisso, basi nudo. Has. On trees in the Forest of Esmeraldas, Prof. W. Jameson, Dr. Grevilles Herb. 1827. Five to six inches long, tawney, very light and slender. It has all the habit of P. bursata, Lind., whose var. jit is made at page 88, of his Species Hepaticarum ; it is, however, very distinct by its slenderer habit, by the ciliation of the leaves extending all along the inferior margin, and by the base -of the calyx uncovered: by leaves, whilst the calyx itself is more elongated. 11. P. fusco-lutea, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, erecto, dicho- tomo, surculis complanatis; folis laxe imbricatis, paten- tibus, ex lata basi ovatis, obtusis, apice subbidenticulatis, margine dorsali decurrente, recurvo, ventrali subcristato ; -calyce terminali, elongato-obovato, subtruncato, subden- ticulato, Has. Peru. Prof. W. Jameson, Hook. Herb. Olive brown, stems. 3-4 inches high, divaricato-dichoto- mous; shoots more than a line. wide. Leaves minutely cel- lular. Calyx one fifth of an inch long, often entire at the mouth; the two-years old calyx axillary. Pedicell exserted as long as the calyx.. Capsule oblongo-oyate, valves wide. "This has some affinity to P. subintegerrima, Nees, but is a larger. plant, with more-imbricated leaves, which are not at 264 NEW HEPATICÆ. all decurved, and are more attenuated above. The calyx too is subtruncate and its mouth nearly entire. 12. P. fissidentoides, 'Tayl.; surculis laxe cæspitosis, erectis, simplicibus; foliis alternis, distichis, approximatis, paten- tibus, planis, lineari-oblongis, obtusissimis, apice den- tatis. Has. Sandwich Isles. Menzies. Very pale olive brown, shoots about 14 inches high, widest in the middle, anterior and posterior margins of the leaves nearly paralel. The simple, shorter shoots and wider leaves destitute of ciliæ, easily distinguish this from P. bur- sata, Lind. ie 13. P. phalangea, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, erecto, fasciculato, ramis dichotomis, strictiusculis; foliis arcte imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, secundis, semicordatis, obtusis, dentatis, margine dorsali subrecurvo, decurrente, ventrali cristato, gibboso. ; Has. Nepal. Wallich, 1820. Tufts olive-brown, stems slender, two inches high. Leaves convex, their denticulation short and at irregular distances. The present differs from P. semidecurrens, Lind., by the want of fibrils to the stems, and by the narrower tops of the leaves; and from P. Nepalensis, Lind., by the more decurrent leaves; which are more minutely denticulate ; and from both by the close imbrication of the secund foliage. 14. P. exigua, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, erecto, crassiusculo, subramoso, flagellifero; foliis distantibus, patentibus, = angusta basi rotundato-ovatis, bifidis, integerrimis, S¢” mentis sinuque subacutis, margine dorsali subrecurv0, = ventrali subgibboso, subdenticulato. : Has. On trees at Cromaglown, and wet rocks at Knockavo- hila, County Kerry. | e Tufts dense, short, olive. Stems scarcely 4 inch high — usually naked above, except at the very summit where 4 — flattish eapitulus of leaves occurs. Leaves remote, the base — very narrow, hence easily detached from the stems; “S — NEW HEPATIC. 265 rudiments of two or three are frequently visible at the base of the ventral margin. Cellules large ; no fructification de- tected; hence some doubts exist as to the genus. It is referred to Plagiochila because of the recurved margin at the base of the leaves on the upper side, while that of the infe- rior is subdenticulate. It is allied to P. ¢ridenticulata, Tayl., by its small size and flagelliform shoots, and abundantly dis- tinguished by the shallower division of the shorter, less acuminated leaves, which are more potent and have smaller cellules. 15. P. ensiformis, Tayl.; surculis elongatis, simplicuisculis, adscendentibus, recurvis ; foliis majoribus, imbricatis, pa- tentibus, dimidiato-cordatis, obtusissimis, subdecurrenti- bus, apice subtridenticulatis, cæterum integerrimis, mar- ginibus ventralibus conniventibus, dorsalibus reflexis. Has. Columbia. Prof. W. Jameson. ` Loosely cæspitose. Branches 6-8 inches long, nearly + inch wide, bending back, brownish-olive. Leaves compla- nate, sometimes in the upper parts of the shoots secund, broadly ovate and gibbous anteriorly, nearly opposite. It is allied to P. Hochstetteri, Lind., and differs by the simple branches, less imbricated and less decurrent leaves, which are of greater size and lighter colour. 16. P. dependula, Tayl.; surculis elongatis, laxe cæspitosis, simplicibus, decurvis; foliis laxe imbricatis, suboppositis, erectis, adpressis, ellipticis, integerrimis, postice decur- rentibus, marginibus subflexuosis, subincurvis. Has. East side of the Cordilleras, Peru. Prof. W. Jame- son. Shoots tawney olive, the tops recurved or hanging down; nearly simple, Leaves in two opposite series, pressed together into the same plane, and nearly concealing the stem, wider than long, very obtusely angular at the top but quite entire. Perigonia are narrow oblong spikes in the course of the - shoots. It is judged to bea Plagiochila from its close resem- blance to P. ansata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. from Falkland. Island. 266 NEW HEPATIC. It is, however, far larger, reaching 7-8 inches in length, has the leaves wider, but the decurrent part not so wide. 17. P. atro-virens, Tayl.; caule disperso, surculis erectis, subramosis, apice incrassatis; folis arcte imbricatis, erec- tis, secundis, ex angusta decurrente basi obovatis, apice divaricato-spinosis, margine ventrali dentatis, dorsali recurvis 5 perichætiis axillaribus, eorum foliis majoribus, latioribus, spinosis. Has. A scrap picked off a bn from Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Shoots straggling, dark green, 1-2 inches high. Leaves on their upper part with divaricating: spines as in Gymnanthe Wilsoni, Tayl., but on the inferior margin simply dentate. It is allied to P. decipiens, Lind., by its size, colour and habit, but differs essentially by the recurved dorsal margin of the leaves, these, besides are secund, and have the ventral mar- gin dentate. 18. P. pallentifolia, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule cæspitoso, ad- scendente, subramoso ; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, concavis, oblongo-ovatis, emarginato-bidentatis, ceterum integerrimis, margine dorsali recurvo. Has. Among Musci: New Zealand. Allan Cunningham. Stems very slender, about 4 inch long, pale olive. Shoots compressed. Leaves in a series, rapidly increasing towards the summit of the shoot, the upper pair, sometimes, without any emargination. This is allied to P. dendroides, Nees, from Java, but the leaves-are "wider and shorter, the sinus more shallow and the cellules far more minute. P: 19. P. connexa, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule implexo, adscen- 7 dente, incurvo, subramoso, apice incrassato, demum pro- lifero; foliis imbricatis, oppositis, verticalibus, adpressis, late orbiculatis, connatis, ‘inferioribus integerrimis, dum rioribus subdentieulatis. Has. On roots of Ferns, New Zealand. Allan: Cunning- ie scarcely one inch long, subcompressed, flexuose | NEW HEPATICÆ. 267 or decurved, pale tawney. Inferior leaves very small, scarce- ly wider than the stem. | Perigonia are terminal linear spikes, their leaves are smaller than the. cauline and their tops recurved. Differs from P. conjugata, Lind., by the shorter shoots, and by the more closely imbricated and. nearly entire leaves. 20. P. Dicksoni, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule.elongato, laxe ceespitoso, vage ramoso, sub apice prolifero, ramis basi denudatis, complanotis ; foliis approximatis, erecto-paten- tibus, rotundato-obovatis, apice dentatis, margine dorsali decurrentibus ; calyce demum axillari, compresso, ex an- gusta basi obovato, ciliato. Has. Dusky Bay, Mr. Menzies. From Mr. Dickson, 1814. Stems weak, with their repeatedly proliferous shoots 6-7 inches long, appearing here and there to be interruptedly leafy from the bases of the new shoots being nearly naked. Shoots of a pale tawney colour, usually solitary. This is allied to P. lava, L. et L., which, however, has leaves more distant and more elliptical, and the interrupted appearance of the shoots arises from the occurrence of narrower peri- gonia.. 21. P.intertexta, Hook. fil. et + Tayl; caule laxe cæspitoso, procumbente, vage ramoso; surculis compressis, subflex- uosis ; foliis laxe imbricatis, subhorizontalibus, patentibus, dimidiato-ovatis, apice rotundatis, dentato-ciliatis, mar- gine ventrali cristato, dorsali recurvo; calyce obliquo, campanulato, compresso, ore ciliato. Has. Norfolk Island. Allan Cunningham. Patches several inches wide, dusky olive-brown. Stems 2 inches long. Leaves when dry with both margins recurved, by which character the species may be known from P. subplana, Lind.; besides, the leaves are more imbricated, and are den- tato-ciliate nearly all round their margin; the: calyx too, : is angulato-truncate. 22. P. pachyloma, Tayl.; cule se emsptosn suis sub- 268 NEW HEPATICÆ. simplicibus, adscendentibus, subflexuosis ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, late dimidiato-ovatis, obtusis, margine ven- trali ciliato, cristato, dorsali marginato, integerrimo, re- curvo ; calyce terminali, emerso, ovato, oblique truncato, ^ ore spinoso, Has. Pichincha, picked out of specimens of P. Pichinchensis, Prof. W. Jameson. x Stems straggling, brownish-olive. Shoots 2-3 inches high. Leaves concave, sometimes secund, their clie elongated and articulated. Perichætial leaves erect, shorter than the calyx, more round than the cauline. Perigonia are linear spikes in the eourse of the shoots, their leaves are destitute of cilie. The thickened margin and the cilie are somewhat browner than the rest of the leaf, and this margination does not occur in P. longispina, Gottsche et Lind. MSS. 23. P. nodosa, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, subra- moso; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, subrotundis, margine utroque recurvo, infero apiceque dentatis; peri- goniis iteratis, breviter spicatis. Has. North America. Thomas Drummond, Herb. Hook. — Tufts wide, olive-brown. Stems scarcely 1 inch long, their tops reclining. Leaves closely imbricated, the anterior mar- gin slightly decurrent, much recurved and so the dorsal base of the leaf is tumid; the outline of the leaves is irregular, sometimes emarginate, sometimes with a cilia towards e base, but always with a deep groove towards the middle of — the base. Perigonia 2, 3, or more in the course of a single — — shoot, which thus appears nodose; perigonial leaves ventri- —— cose, containing each a single anther, very rarely. tw Anthers large, opaque, pedicellated. This reminds one of P. bifaria, Lind., but in this plant the leaves are more decurrent | - and are acuminated. aE 24. P. fusifera, Tayl.; laxe cæspitoso, erecto; ramoso, foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, elongate semicordatis, obtusis, recurvis, margine infero apiceque dentatis, supero integer" — rimo, decurrente, utrinque recurvis; perigoniis plurimis, spicato-lanceolatis. NEW HEPATIC. 269 Has. Niger Expedition. Vogel, Hook. Herb. Patches little more than 1 inch high, dusky olive-green. Stems irregularly branched, almost all the branches bearing in their course, or at their summits, perigonial spikes. Leaves cristate on the inferior side of the stem. Bases of the peri- gonial leaves tumid, closely imbricated, their tops slightly twisted and squarroso-recurved. Allied to P. concava, Lind., but our plant is much larger, more branched, and has the leaves longer, more decurrent, and more distinctly denticulate. 25. P. Colensoi, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, ad- scendente, ramoso ; foliis laxe imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, secundis, rotundato-ovatis, convexis, margine utroque re- curvis, inferiori apiceque dentatis; calyce demum laterali, ex angusta basi oblongo, rotundato-truncato, dentato. Has. New Zealand. n. 159. Colenso, Hook. Herb. Tufts loose, brownish-olive. Stems nearly 2 inches long, variously branched. Lower leaves smaller and nearly round, all of them minutely cellular. Perigonia are lanceolate spikes of 7-8 pairs of closely adpressed leaves; they occur in the course of the shoots. Perichætial leaves erect, adpressed to - the calyx, and covering two-thirds of its length. Pedicels but little exserted. Capsule oblong. In our P. aculeata the leaves are very similar in outline but they are more patent, their dentation is coarser, their cellules far larger, while the calyx is much shorter and with stronger cilie. 26. P. Bunburii, 'Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, erecto, ramoso; foliis imbricatis subpatentibus, oblongo-ovatis, obtusissi- . mis, apice subdenticulatis, marginibus sub-recurvis ; calyce demum axillari, oblongo, bilabiato, labiis late linearibus, ciliatis, hinc partito, immerso. | Has. Rio de Janeiro. Mr. Bunbury, Hook. Herb. fo Patches wide, dusky yellowish-olive. Stems scarcely. 2 inches high, irregularly branched, sometimes dichotomous. Leaves with the inferior margins gibbous and slightly ct cris- tate, their denticulation very minute, rarely wanting. chætial leaves erect, one-third longer than the 'ealyxc One lip of the calyx is usually. bilobate, odit 4 270 "NEW HEPATIC. P. pectinata, Lind. is a much larger plant, has the leaves distant, and the calyx short and campanulate. 27. P. confertifolia, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, erecto, dichotome ramoso; ramis patentibus; foliis arcte imbri- catis, erecto-patentibus, ovato-oblongis, obtusis, apice den- tatis, margine utroque subrecurvis ; calyce demum axillari, ex ovata basi ligulato, dentato, folia perichætialia erecta elongata superante. Has. South Brazil. Sellow, Hook. Herb. Olive-brown. Stems 2 inches high. Leaves slightly de- current, when dry having both margins recurved, when moistened nearly plane. This has an affinity to P. Bunburii, Tayl. and it is distinguished by its longer, more erect, and more deeply dentate leaves, which, too, are more narrow at their bases. 28. P. Dominicensis, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, elongato, erecto, ramoso, strictiusculo; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, majoribus, oblongis, apice obtusissimis, basi infera rotun- datis, cristatis, margine infero apiceque longe ciliatis, mar- gine supero subrecurvo ; calyce demum laterali, obovato- campanulato, hinc fisso, ore ciliato. Has, Dominica, Hook. Herb. Brownish-olive. Shoots 4-5 long, + inch wide, complanate; branches few, irregular. Leaves scarcely decurrent, the peri- chetial conformable with the cauline. Pedicel exserted for about $ the length of the calyx. Capsule ovate. "This fine species is allied to our P, Pj hinchensis, and to P. superba, Lind. differing from the former by the more crowded cilie of the leaves and shorter calyx, from the latter by the leaves not being falcate, and the calyx not alate; and from both by the obtuse leaves. : 29. P. macrifolia, Tayl, caule cæspitoso, adscendente, ramoso ; foliis laxe imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, secundis, concavis, linearibus, margine utroque revolutis, apice sub- tridentatis, cæterum in imi sie Has. Peru, Hook. Herb. : | Ho Tufts wide, browish-olive. Stems about 2 inches log —— NEW HEPATIC, 271 often uneinate. Leaves from a narrow base lineari-obovate, having two but scarcely ever more than three teeth at the summit, by which it is easily distinguished from P. rutilan, Lind. 30. P. zygophylla, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscendente, flexuoso, subsimplici, surculis interdum flagellaribus ; foliis imbricatis, secundis, adpressis, planis, cuneato-rotundatis, margine supero basi connexis, integerrimis, infero spinoso- dentatis; calyce subexserto, terminali, obovato, hinc fisso, ore compresso, spinoso. Has. Ceylon. Hook. Herb. Tawney olive. Stems 2-3 inches long. Lower leaves minute. Differs from Jung. conjugata, Hook. by the leaves being unconnected at their inferior bases ; from Jung. falcata, Hook. by the fewer but stronger dentation of the leaves ; and from both P. opposita and P. biserialis, Lind. by the shorter, wider, and scarcely exserted calyx. 3. Scapania, Lindberg. 1. S. breviflora, Tayl. ; surculis subcæspitosis, adscendentibus ; foliis dentatis, profunde inæqualiter bilobis, lobis rotundato- triangularibus, ventrali convexo, patente, dorsali quadruplo minori, incumbente foliigero; perichetialibus conformi- bus, majoribus ; calyce perichætio subæquali, ex angusta, squamis lanceolatis serratis circumdata basi obconicis, pli- catis, compressis, breviter 4-laciniatis, dentatis. Has. Near Philadelphia. Dr. Watson. 1-2 inches long, growing among Musci, loosely cæspitose, dusky olive, the younger shoots pale green; branched with 2-3 annotinous shoots from the same point below the calyx. The upper lobe is fixed on the lower as in Gottschea, a cha- racter most remarkable in the perichætial leaves. Calyx short. This species may be distinguished from S. i Nees, by the dentate leaves, which, too, are are subacute, by their minuter cells, and by the eae being scarcely exserted out of the perichætium. 972 NEW HEPATICÆ. 2. S. brevicaulis, Tayl.; caule abbreviato, cæspitoso, subra- moso, adscendente ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, integerri- mis, inaequaliter bilobis, oblongo-ovatis, obtuse apiculatis, dorsali triplo minori ; calyce obovato, gibbo, subcompresso, apice plicato, hinc fisso, ore integerrimo. Has. North America. J. Drummond. Hook. Herb. ; Patches wide, brownish-olive. Stems about 4 inch long, with radicles at the base, ascending and incrassated at the top. Upper leaves closely imbricated, all usually with a short obtuse point, yet sometimes they are rounded and even slightly emarginated ; perichzetial leaves similar to the cauline but more patent. Calyx scarcely truncated, the upper mar- : gin shorter and more plicate. This differs from S. irrigua, Nees, by the shorter stems, the entire leaves, and the wider and entire plicated mouth of the calyx. 4. JUNGERMANNIA, Linn. (char. emend. Nees.) 1. J. leucocephala, Tayl.; caule subcæspitoso, erecto, sub- ramoso, ramis erectis, subbinis; foliis secundis, imbricatis, late ovatis, concavis, bifidis, segmentis inæqualibus, acutis, apiculatis, margine ventrali, amplexante, basi uniciliato; calyce terminali, cylindraceo, 4-angulato, acuminato, ore incano, subdenticulato. Has. On trees, on Cayambe, at an altitude of 14,000 ft. 1827, Prof. W. Jameson. Dr. Greville’s Herbarium. Stems 1-2 inches high, brownish purple. Leaves tumió — entire, divided half way to the base by an acute sinus. Per- — chætial leaves erect, adpressed, their segments elongated, with hoary points. This species differs from J. piligera, Nees, by the shorter, more concave leaves, whose segments are not complicate, by the single, very considerable cilia at the base near the stem of the ventral segment, and by uw acuminate calyces. ed 2. J. leucostoma, 'Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, ramo- —— so; folis laxe imbricatis, arcuato-patentibus, secundis; = quadrato-ovatis, concavis, bifidis, segmentis ovatis, acutis; NEW HEPATIC. 273 incurvis, ventrali minori, basi uniciliato ; calyce terminali, subrotundo, sursum plicato, ore albido, denticulato. Has. Peru. Prof. W. Jameson. Tufts loose, brownish-purple. Shoots 1 inch long, the fertile incrassated above. Perichetial leaves two or three, wider than the cauline, erect, their inner margin undulate. Calyx nearly round, obtuse, Very like the preceding ; but its stems, leaves, and calyces are much shorter and wider. 3. J. anacampta, 'Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, subra- moso; foliis imbricatis, subsecundis, obovatis, ex basi am- plexante reflexis, canaliculatis, bilobis, segmentis eequalibus, ovatis, obtusiusculis, ventrali basi uniciliato ; calyce demum laterali, cylindraceo, inflato, obtuso, sursum subplicato, ore minute dentato. Has. On bark, North America. J. Drummond, Hook. Herb. Patches wide, tawney-brown. Stems nearly 1 inch long, sparingly branched, squarrose with recurved leaves. Calyx naked below, the base narrower than the inflated summit. Differs from J. incumbens, Lind. et Lehm., by the greater size, the more obtuse lobes of the leaves, and by the obovato- cylindraceous calyces. 4. J. supina, Tayl.; caule implexo, prostrato, subsimplici, sursum incrassato; foliis laxis patentibus, inæqualiter bi- fidis, segmento ventrali majori, ovato, dorsali lanceolato, utroque apiculato, integerrimo ; foliis perichætialibus latiori- bus, trifidis, apiculatis, dentatisque; calyce terminali, obo- vato, inflato, oris segmentis apiculato-dentatis. Has. On rotten wood, North America. J. Drummond, Hook. Herb. Stems scarcely 3 lines long, radicating. Leaves of the infertile shoots more distant, more narrow, and more unequally divided; in the fertile the pair below the perichetium are - trifid and entire, while the perichætial are not only trifid but also dentate. Calyx short, obovate, rather large for th Of the plant. Perigonia terminal, their. leaves w . bases, each containing one or two pedicellated sib. Re- | sembles some states of J. bicuspidata,. be y there the fruit VOL. V. : x < 274 NEW HEPATICÆ is not on proper stems; the calyx is more nearly rotundate, and the leaves more unequally divided, while their segments are apiculate. : 5. J. scitula, Tayl.; caule implexo, prostrato, subsimplici ; foliis subverticalibus, imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, con- cavis, rotundato-obovatis, apice trifidis, segmente ventrali majori, integerrimis; gemmis foliorum segmenta termi- nantibus, minutissimis, rubris. Has. North America. J. Drummond, Hook. Herb. Patches wide, but shallow, tawney-olive. Stems bound down by numerous rootlets, slightly ascending at their sum- mits. Leaves pale, the notches shallow, the segments ovate, acute, the two dorsal the smaller. No stipules. The leaves are more vertical, less decurrent, and have a narrower base than in J. barbata, Schreb. ; besides, their emargination into three pieces is more limited to their summits, and the cel- lules are much minuter. | 6. J. Tasmanica, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule laxius cæspitoso sparsove, procumbente, demum subramoso ; foliis imbri- catis, secundis, erecto-patentibus, ex lata basi oblongis; apice rotundatis, margine subrecurvis, integerrimis; retis maculis majoribus. Has. With Scapania Urvilleana, Mont. n. 53. Van Diemen's Land. Gunn, 1844. Hook. Herb. Stems mostly scattered, sometimes aggregated, about | inch long, reddish-brown, the younger parts whitish-green. Leaves closely imbricated, secund on the dorsal edge of the stems, - rarely with a shallow notch. In one instance, only à single oblong and entire stipule was observed about the middle of the stem. The present is closely allied to J. Orcadenss Hook. but the leaves are longer, have commonly a rounded i and entire summit, their margins are less recurved, while a their cells are far larger and more distinct. EPRE T 7. J. elongella, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscendente, - subsimplici ; foliis subapproximatis, erectiusculis, secundis, $: oblongis, latis, obtusissimis retusisve, integerrimis, sub marginatis, perichætialibus duobus interioribus minoribus, NEW HEPATICÆ. 275 laciniato-spinosis ; calyce terminali ex angusta basi elongato- obconico, tumido, sursum ms sr ore lacero-dentato. Has. Nepal. Wallich. Patches loose, their tops reddish. Stems more than linch long, with one or two innovations from the summits, their tops incurved. Roots descend from the entire inferior side of the stems. Leaves with a series of larger cells all round the margin. Perigonia are short spikes, sometimes terminal, sometimes in the course of the shoots, their leaves have elongated tumid bases, and in generala short, rather obtuse process on the dorsal margin. Calyx elongated. This differs from J. Tasmanica, just described, by its smaller size, and by the remoter leaves, whose margins are plane, never recurved. 8. J. revolvens, Hook. fil. et 'Tayl.; caule cæspitoso adscen- dente, ramoso ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, mar- gine utroque recurvo, integerrimo ; calyce terminali, ob- longo, tumido, obtuso, subincurvo, sursum obtuse quadri- plicato, ore minuto, denticulato ; foliis pericheetialibus binis, digitato-laciniatis, calyci adpressis. Has. Van Diemen’s Land. Gunn. Hook. Herb. Patches wide, pale olive-green. Stems about 1 inch long, irregularly branched, creeping, the new shoots adscending. Both margins of the leaves recurved, as in several Plagiochile ; the cellules large at the junction of the leaves to the stems. No stipules, except a few, almost inconspicuous towards the tops of male shoots. Calyx curved, as in J. lanceolata, L. The perichætial leaves or scales are concealed by the adjoin- ing pair of cauline leaves, they are anomalous, being deeply laciniated ; by which character and by the recurvation of both margins of the leaves, our present Pe differs eT from J. lanceolata, L. SR 9. J. pansa, Tayl.; caule disperso, brevissimo, iib reclinato, radicante, apice adscendente, incrassato ; folii secundis, rotundatis, integerrimis, margine recui Has. On clay, Swan River. Mr. James Drummon 276 NEW HEPATICÆ. Stems searcely two lines long, brownish-olive, in a dry state appearing channelled from the recurved margins of the leaves. Lower leaves very small, those of the summit ten times larger; their texture is dense, somewhat carnose. No fruit present; hence it may be of a different genus. It grew - intermixed with Petalophyllum Preissii, Gottsche. 10. J. placophylla, 'Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, erecto, elon- gato, subramoso ; folis distantibus, erecto-patentibus, tenuissimis, scariosis, oblongis, obtusissimis, complanatis, margine subundulato, integerrimo; stipulis majoribus, cordato-obovatis, integerrimis. Has. East declivity of the Cordilleras of Peru. Prof. W. Jameson. : Shoots 2-3 inches long, olive brown, flat. Leaves and stipules distant, their outline irregularly indented, their tops either rounded or sometimes retuse, quite entire. "This has the habit of J. palustris, Hook. fil. et T., from Cape Horn; but the leaves are more distant, quite flat, and neither round nor so plicate. 11. J. paupercula, ''ayl.; caule sparso, tenuissimo, repente, subramoso ; ramis elongatis, simplicibus ; foliis distantiori- bus, minutis, oppositis, erectis, semicordatis, concavis, integerrimis; stipulis bipartitis, segmentis filiformibus, articulatis, utrinque exterius basi unispinosis. Has. Creeping on Sendinera pruinosa, Tayl. MSS. in woods of Pichincha, near Quito, 1845. Prof. W. Jameson. Stems finer than human hair, blackish, shining when dys — shoots simple, sometimes three inches long, to the naked eye — resembling a fine thread with minute knots at regular intervals. —— Leaves slightly decurrent, the dorsal margin incurved. - Sti- pules unconnected with the leaves. Close to the stipules arises a lanceolate cluster of rootlets by which the plant at- taches itself for support. No fruit observed. This reminds one of Plagiochila Brauniana, Lind., but the stems are iw and longer, while the presence of stipules is at once dis- c à tinctive. : ^ ee NEW HEPATICÆ. 277 12. J. squarrosula, Tayl.; caule brevissimo, cæspitoso, ad- scendente, subsimplici; foliis stipulisque laxis, subpaten- tibus, oblongis, bifidis, segmentis ovatis, acutis, margine reflexis, subdentatis. Has. No. 54. On charcoal. Swan River; Mr. James Drum- mond. Tufts wide, forming low olive green cushions. Stems Scarcely exceeding a line in length. Leaves amplexicaul, concave, their tops recurved, their sinus acute. "This species is far more minute and erect than Jung. Francisci, Hook., and the leaves are distantly denticulate, and have a deeper sinus. In the dry state it has a squarrose habit. 13. J. asperifolia, 'Tayl.; caule sparso, exili, adscendente, vage ramoso; folis laxis, basi patentibus, apice erectis, concavis, subquadratis, bifidis, segmentis acutis, margine dorsoque celluloso-dentatis; stipulis minutis, ovato-acu- minatis, dentatis ; calyce terminali, oblongo, subcompresso, subplicato, ore subintegro. Has. On Dicranum clavatum, Schw. No. 10. Madeira; Dickson. Excessively minute, purplish-brown, ascending, scattered or in very loose patches. Stems very slender; branches short. Leaves bent forwards at an angle. Stipules rarely bifid, ciliato-dentate. Perigonia large, ventricose, forming an obtuse spike. The two lateral perichætial leaves subtrifid, ciliate, segments acuminate, the ventral oblong, sometimes emarginate, seldom bifid. Calyces purplish below, the colour discharged from their tops. The margins and backs of the leaves are celluloso-echinate as in Lejeunia calcarea, Libert. In size and habit it resembles Jung. byssacea, Roth, differing essentially by the concave celluloso-dentate leaves. 14. J. glaucocephala, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, exiguo, a subramoso ; foliis laxis, ex angusta amplexante basi oblon- gis, ineequaliter bifidis, segmente dorsali erecto, minori, ventrali reclinato, utroque obtusiusculo, sinu obtuso. 278 NEW HEPATICÆ, Has. On rotten wood, North America. J. Drummond, Hook. Herb. Tufts scarcely exceeding a line in height, the older and inferior parts olive brown, the younger and upper glaucous green. Shoots crowded, erect, parallel. Easily distinguished from Jung. bicuspidata, L.by the more tufted growth, the erect shoots, and by the erect sheathing bases of the leaves, . whose structure is more minutely cellular. 15. J. reclusa, Tayl.; caule repente, implexo, subpinnato; foliis secundis, approximatis, semiverticalibus, rotundato- quadratis, bifidis, perichætialibus majoribus, erectis ; calyce ramulum proprium terminante, cylindraceo-ovato, acumi- nato, subtrigono, ore denticulato ; capsula ovata. Jung. reclusa, Tayl. Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist. Aug. 1843, p. 88. J. bicuspidata, a. y, ericetorum, Syn. Hepat. p. 140. Has. On mural clay banks; south of Ireland; very com- mon. Tufts shallow, superficial, of great extent, olive brown, with scattered whitish calyces rising above their level. Stems filiform. Leaves minute, not exceeding in size those of Jung. byssacea, Roth. No stipules. The eminent editors of the * Synopsis Hepaticarum" consider this species merely a variety of J. bicuspidata, L. It differs by the smaller size; by the shorter leaves, which are more opaque and more con- cave, with a sinus which is shallower and more rounded, the — leaves too, are more crowded, are secund, are rotundato- ovate, their cells are more minute, while they are separated from each other by larger vessels ; the perichetiwm is shorter and its leaves less acuminated; the colour of the plantis darker, when fresh of an olive green ; the growth is more tufted; the gemmæ are smooth, never angular, and " situated on a cluster of leaves, and never on a naked cap tulus. But the shape of the capsule is very decisive ; In ; both it is an ellipsoid; but in J. bicuspidata, L., the trans- — verse diameter is to the conjugate.as 12 to 5, while the ratio — in J. reclusa, is as 8 to 5. ; i NEW HEPATICÆ, 279 16. J. extensa, Tayl. ; caule implexo, procumbente, ramoso ; foliis imbricatis secundis, concavis, grosse cellulosis, oblongis, bifidis, segmentis acutis, perichætialibus trifariis, oblongo-lanceolatis, segmentis obtuse dentatis; calyce lineari-lanceolato, ore plicato, denticulato. Has. On bark; Observatory Inlet; North America. Dr. Scouler. Patches extensive, flat, whitish-green. Stems about a inch. long. Stipules none. Shoots radicating, their summits ascending. Perichetia are short lateral shoots ; their leaves sometimes trifid, their segments obtusely dentate. Pedicells short. Capsule linear-oblong. Differs from J. bicuspidata, L., by the smaller size, the imbricated and secund leaves, the dentate perichætial leaves, and by the narrower calyx whose cells are smaller. 17. J. exiliflora, Tayl.; caule exiguo, subcæspitoso, surculis adscendentibus, subramosis; foliis confertis, cordatis, bifidis, segmentis inæqualibus, stipulis minutis bifidis; calyce terminali, obovato, 4-plicato, truncato, subcom- presso, laciniis integerrimis. Jung. divaricata, «. exiliflora, Syn. Hepat. p. 136. Has. On charcoal ; Swan River; Mr. James Drummond. Tufts superficial. Fertile stems reddish-purple, the barren more loose and reddish-green. Leaves crowded even at the base of the shoots, larger towards the tops of the stems, their margin flexuose, the greater segment frequently shews a single tooth on one side of the base. Stipules very minute, oblong, usually unequally bifid, sometimes nearly entire. The three perichætial leaves are connate at the base. Peri- gonia terminal, often, however, in the course of the shoots. Calyx obovate. Capsule oblong-ovate. Elateres filiform, flexuose. Seeds round, reddish. This species strongly resembles J. óyssacea, Roth, and differs by the crowded, cordate leaves, by the obovate calyx, whose laciniæ are og tire, and by the presence of stipules. | TUE 18. J. unguiculata, Hook. fil. et t Toyl.; caule sparso, sim- 280 NEW HEPATICÆ. plici, abbreviato, incrassato, repente, apice adscendente ; foliis arcte imbricatis, concavis, sursum secundis, rotun- datis, apicalibus spinosis, incurvis ; stipulis oblongis, spi- nosis. Has. Near sulphur springs, New Zealand. On tufts of Musci ; n. 258. 1844. Hook. Herb. Stems about 4 inch long, tumid, pale olive-green. Leaves with their spinous teeth incurved as the talons of a bird; the upper more erect and oblong. Stipules observable only near the summits of the stems. The male shoots are smaller; between the terminating pair of their leaves are numerous, crowded, pedicellated, whitish anthers, a distribution that would indicate a peculiar genus. "This species has the habit of Gymnanthe Wilsoni, Tayl. The stems, however, are shorter, the leaves more crowded and never bifid. A small specimen only was seen. 19. J. colpodes, 'Tayl.; caule dense cæspitoso, erecto, sub- ramoso; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, secundis, OT- biculatis, bifidis sinu angusto ejusque margine recurvo ; lobis subaequalibus, rotundatis; perichætialibus quadrifidis, basi utrinque unidentatis; stipulis bipartitis integrisve lanceo- latis, basi utrinque subunidentatis; calyce terminali, ex angusta terete basi lineari-obovato, subcompresso, sursum subplicato, ore laciniato, denticulato. Has. North America, J. Drummond, Hook. Herb. Tufts wide, dark olive-brown, two inches high. Stems prolonged by one or two annual shoots. Leaves rather con- cave. "The inner pair of perichætial leaves somewhat smaller than the cauline. Pedicel about 3 inch long. Capsule shortly oval. Our plant differs from Jung. plicata, Hartm., (if we understood the characters given), by the erect stem, by the equal lobes of the leaves, and by the calyx being by no means split down on one side. 73 20. J. longiscypha, Tayl.; caule implexo, ramoso, surculis adscendentibus; foliis laxis, trifariis, subincurvis, biparti- tis, segmentis setaceis, articulatis, perichætialibus oblongis NEW HEPATICÆ. 281 bifidis, segmentis dentatis; calyce in ramulo proprio, brevi, terminali, lineari-subulato, subincurvo, apice subtri- fido, integerrimo. Has. Swan River. On sand. Mr. James Drummond, Hook. Herb. Patches wide, pale olive-green. Shoots about two lines long. Calyx usually exceeding the adjoining shoot in length, very narrowly cylindrical, acuminate, its lips entire, although in a young state the mouth is kept closed by excessively minute dentiform processes on the tips of the segments. This is allied to J. setacea, L., and J. tricophylla, L., but the calyx is longer, more slender and the segments of its mouth are entire, while the perichetial leaves are not so deeply divided. 4. SPHAGNŒCETIS, Nees. 1. S. longiflora, Tayl.; caule disperso, prostrato, subsimplici, flagellifero, foliis imbricatis, patentibus, obovato-rotun- datis, immarginatis, integerrimis, subconcavis; calyce elongato-subulato, subplicato, incurvo, ore minuto denti- culato. Han. One or two bits occurred on P/agiochila macrostachya, Lind. from Jamaica. Pale green. Stems scarcely 1 inch long, rather thick. Leaves gibbous on the ventral margin, slightly inflexed on the dorsal; their cells large at the base and centre, but diminishing towards the margin. Perichetia short, the leaves few, amplexicaul, ovato-lanceolate. Calyx and pe- richetium form one curve: the former equals six or eight leaves in length and is somewhat plicate. Capsule cylindrical. Flagelliform shoots flattish, elongated, having fibrous roots at their extremities. This differs from S. communis, Nees, by the more elongated calyx, and from itas - well as from S. prostrata, Nees, by the want of margination to the leaves; while the round leaves would. appear to separate it completely from S. radicosa, Nees. — Under a good microscope and to practised can of VOL. V. Y 282 NEW HEPATIC: observation it is reasonable to expect that the cellular structure of the leaves would appear different in distinct species of Hepatice. Thus the microscopic phenomena are so different in S. communis, Nees, and in Jung. denudata, Nees, that we may safely conclude them to be distinct, without taking into account the drier locality, darker colour, upright stems and presence of stipules in the latter. 5. PLEURANTHE, Taylor. Calyx basi radicans, solidus, incurvus, folia tria perichæ- tialia ferens, e caulis ventre oriens, medio carnosus, teres, | cylindricus, apice membranaceus, conicus, subcompressus, ore subplicato, bi-tri-lacero-laciniato. Calyptra calycis fauci insidens. Ælateres bispiri. Capsula subquadrivalvis. 1. P. olivacea, Tayl. . Has. North America, J. Drummond, Hook. Herb. Caules implexi, flexuosi, reclinati, radicantes, semiunciales, subsimplices, pallide olivacei. Folia sursum secunda, imbricata, erecto-patentia, recurva, unde surculi canali- culati, rotundato-oblonga, sinu brevi emarginata. Stipule lanceolate, integerrime. Calycis basis solida receptaculi vice fungitur, ejus folia tria caulinis multo minora sunt atque erecta; pars autem media, ante pedicelli elongatio- nem, capanlaiy mactam tenet. Pedicellus vix semiuncialis, Capsula late ovalis. Flores masculi ignoti. Fructus junior primum in stipule axilla apparet, minutus, gehst albidus. Desunt radices flagelliformes. ; 6. CuiLoscvPnus, Nees. 1. C. cubans, Tayl.; caule laxe implexo, procumbente, subra- moso; foliis alternis, contiguis, patentibus, oblongis, apice rotundatis, subquadridenticulatis ; stipulis minutis, reium dato-quadratis, bifidis basi extus bispinosis. . s Has. Nepal, Wallich, Brownish. Stems 1 inch long. Shoots nonimni Leaves horizontal. Stipules scarcely wider than the stems.—This approaches to C. Endlicherianus, Nees; it is distinct = the NEW HEPATICÆ, 983 more ovate leaves, by the indentations between the teeth of the leaves and by the more compound stipules. 2. C. jugalifolius, Tayl.; caule laxe implexo, procumbente, subsimplici; folis subimbricatis, patentibus, ex lata basi triangulari-ovatis, retusis, biciliatis, cæterum integerrimis, cum stipulis minoribus 4-5-ciliato-partitis connatis. Has. Guyana. Richard, Hook. Herb. —— | Dusky olive-green. Stems above an inch long, one tenth of an inch wide, rather straight. Stipules scarcely wider than the stems; their cilie elongated, articulated. This differs from J. coalita, Hook. by the longer and more patent leaves, by the more inconsiderable stipules, which are more deeply divided. 3. C. gibbosus, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, ramis erectiusculis, incrassatis ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, con- cavis, oblongis, acutiusculis, integerrimis, apice recurvis, stipulæ quadrato-rotundatæ, emarginato-bifidæ, hic illic spinoso-dentatæ conjunctis ; calyce terminali, ovato-acu- minato, inflato, gibbo. Has. Martinique; Richard, Hook. Herb. Purplish brown. Stems 2-3 inches long, shoots flattened. Stipules large, joined by a very narrow isthmus on each side to the leaves. Calyces larger, subtrigonal, pale, the mouth small, subdentate. The leaves are far longer and more closely imbricated and the stipules longer than in C. grandi- folius, Tayl. 4. C. Drummondii, Tayl.; caule implexo, repente, subramoso, gemmifero, adscendente, attenuato; foliis erecto-patentibus, oblongis, bifidis, cæterum integerrimis, stipule ovate, acute, subintegerrimæ utrinque connatis; calyce sessili, - ventrali, basi laciniato-squamoso, oblongo, inflato, ore bifido, acuto, subcompresso. Has. On trees; North America. J. Drummond, Hook Herb. ; Fr Patches dense, pale yellowish-green, the gormmiferous part brown. Gemmæ in minute capitula on ascending stems : .. Whose leaves diminish towards the top. Leaves nearly patent, cm 284 NEW HEPATIC, slightly recurved. Calyces on very short naked stalks, at the base somewhat bulging down. Its minute size, bifid leaves, and nearly entire stipules are very distinctive. 5. C. labiatus, Tayl.; caule implexo, prostrato, subsimplici; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, oblongis, subemargi- natis, cæterum integerrimis; stipulis minutis, discretis, quadripartitis, segmentis setaceis, duobus mediis longiori- bus; calyce ventrali, ex angusta basi obovato, sursum compresso, plicato, bilabiato, labiis reflexis, spinoso-den- tatis. Has. Near Columbus, Ohio, U. S. No. 105; W. 8. Sullivant, 1843. Hook. Herb. In loose whitish-green patches. Stems 4 inch long; shoots, flat. Leaves loosely imbricated, their tops recurved. Stipules not wider than the stems. The two lips of the calyx compressed and together curving down. The lateral perichætial leaves each with one or two spinous teeth on the anterior margin, the stipular bifid, sometimes quadrifid. The inner perichætial leaves the smaller. 6. C. supinus, Hook. fil. et Tayl; caule supino, implexo, subramoso; foliis laxe imbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, | subbidentatis, margine ventrali gibboso, recurvo ; stipulis - 6-8 laciniatis, segmentis subulatis; calyce hypophyllo, laterali, campanulato, ore flexuoso-laciniato. d E Bay of Islands; New Zealand. Dr. Sinclair, Herb. ook. | | Patches wide; younger parts pale yellowish-olive, the older dusky brown. Leaves sometimes entire, sometimes 2t trifid, but commonly bidentate, the sinus obtuse. Segments | of the stipules sometimes dentate. Perichetial leaves nearly as long as the calyx, one of them larger, 3-4-fid, the lesser bifid, the stipular the shortest, Related to our C. biciliafus, likewise from New Zealand, but is smaller, with the tops of the leaves less rounded, their sinus deeper, and the stipules | more laciniated. Nr. (To be continued.) — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 285 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. PA Notes on the VEGETATION and general character of the Missourr and Orecon Terrtirortes, made during a Botanical Journey in the State of Missouri, and across the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific, during the years 1843 and 1844 ; by CHARLES A. GEYER. (Continued from p. 208, Vol. V.) Mountain region.—Along the grassy slope of this valley grow a great number of plants of my collection. Lathyrus 624 is the most showy of the few Leguminose here, and of very rank growth. No Lwpinus grows in this cool loamy soil. The most abundant is the Hosackia Purshiana, which fronts the inundated meadow valley, on rocky ground, joining the narrow Indian trail, on the other side of which runs a meadow a mile -long bordered by Clintonia elegans, rivalling the bright azure above, (July) With the diffuse dense Hosackia groups grow erect the Crucifera 234, in fine contrast with the deep blue flowers of Gamassia esculenta, appearing under the shade of some poplars, and with the aforesaid Clintonia. Here also I gathered the Graminea 320, which is very rare. On slight elevations grows the clustered Trillium 291, a curious species; sometimes there are a dozen or more from one joint of the rhizoma, all their stems in the ground. Here again grow profusely Fritillarie 315 and 599, with Erythronium 601, lasting three weeks or longer in bloom, which is a rare occurrence in the flora of this region. An- other somewhat rocky elevation, harboured three other rare - little plants, the Biscutella 607, Apargia 292, and Cyno- D. ‘glossum 290, every where surrounded with masses of the —— white Dodecatheon, Saxifrage 619 and 625, among which is seen now and then a bush of Espeletia helianthoides and Batschia Torreyi? (605). o By ascending the wooded terraced slopes of the moun- 286 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. tains, and following the course of a rivulet from the low meadow we step into one of the poplar groves, already men- tioned ; the dry parts of which bear shrubs of Acer 616, a small shrub-like tree with several stems from one base, or rarely simple, never averaging more than 15—20 feet high, and 4—5 inches diameter of trunk in that region. Under its shade grow Pyrola secunda and 427, and Linnea borealis with Viola 602, Asarum 598, and Claytonia 321. In the muddy bed of the rivuletis seen the Arum 327 with its pale- sulphur-yellow spathas. Later in the season (August) appear its large ovate-lanceolate leaves from 12 to 18 inches long, resembling a full grown tobacco leaf, then the berries begin to ripen, taking a scarlet colour, as in many species of this genus.* Higher up, where the rivulet runs in rocks, the banks are dressed with Smilacinæ, as Streptopus 524 and 611; Smilacina 325, also with Thalictrum 622, and Tiarella 623, Luzula 318 and Circea alpina. Right and left we now find spacious, open, grassy woods, ornamented with the largest specimens of Pinus ponderosa, up to 180 feet high, and 8—10 feet diameter of trunk, so full of resin that they will burn in a moment from the foot to the top, if fire is set to them on a dry day. These localities are elegant natural parks ; they bear a resemblance the more as they are crossed in every direction by narrow foot-paths, leading to the lodges of the Indians, hidden — behind the large pine-trunks. Between grow thickets, each Žž composed of a few shrubs of Crategus lucida, Spirea ari&- — folia, Cerasus 288 and 496; or Rhamnus 522 and Acer, "x over which twines gracefully the two Clematides 615 and 617; the former blooming early in May, resembling the C. gran * This takes place towards the latter part of summer, when the brown - : and black Bear feasts on the many berries which this region affords. Then he also visits these shady cool recesses to partake of those of the Arum which he manages with great care; eating (according to the ? ; information derived from hunters and the Indians) every time, but little, E. and returns as many days as these berries last, using the same probably as a digestive. They have a very acrid and pungent taste. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 287 diflora ; the latter, late in August. A tall species of Aconitum, too, blooms 6—7 feet high among these thickets. The grasses, as every where on the west side of the Rocky mountains, consist chiefly of the two species, Triticum 192, and Festuca 356 ; both are called * bunch-grass"* by Anglo- * It is erroneous to believe that these two species of grasses grow naturally so in separate tufts or bunches. The cause is a mechanical one, mainly owing to the annual fires, the great heat and drought during the latter part of summer, as well as to the deep snows, the wet in the month of March accompanied by severe bare-frosts. But the same causes again may also occasion part of that excellence, which these grasses possess in respect to feeding qualities, which surpass the best grain fodder. Yet, lam sure that great part is likewise owing to the kinds; for, in the lower regions, on the Upper Missouri River, where there is an elevation of only about 1000 feet, without these extremes of heat, and the destruc- tion by fire, the Triticum Missuricum enjoys the same reputation as excel- lent fodder for horses and cattle. Two weeks are sufficient to fatten a poor horse, when the first blades spring out in March. There it grows not in bunches, but in dense carpets, suffering scarcely any other plant amongst itself, save a few Opwntia groups. Yet the Festuca 356, surpasses the Triticum by far, which grass I never recognized east of the Rocky Mountains. Horses and cattle, therefore, in Upper Oregon feed on the former, only in the absence of the latter, which occurs in such places where water remains long in the spring. The extreme heat in Oregon give to these grasses another great value, on which the importance of Upper Oregon, as a grazing country, depends. The heat commences about the Ist of July, when the parching rays of the sun, suddenly dry up the blades of the grass, and render it a wholesome hay. The centre of the tufts, however, remain green, waiting only for a little moisture to renew the growth, which also takes place about the middle of September, during a series of wet, foggy, cloudy days. Soon afterwards, frosts arrest its growing a second time, and a deep (2-3 feet) snow covers it for five months, I have convinced myself that these grasses, thus checked and excited, keep green and grow a little, even under the snow. The frosts and snow render the dry blades brittle, and the horses and cattle eat it — with greediness, mixed with the young green parts which they find in the centre of the tufts ; digging for it with their feet day and night, remaining = fat through the winter; and poor ones will, if healthy, get fat notw ding — that labour. This is the case in places where the fires do not reach; but - when fires follow after the heat and drought, it will soon grow again and keep green under the deep snow. The soil is generally a heavy loam, mixed with fragments of granitic and basaltic rocks; getting very hard 288 BOTANICAL INFORMATION: American travellers. In these meadows, figures conspi- cuously the large-flowered Phlox 375; a suffrutex of about 14 foot high, forming a globular mass of bright rose-coloured flowers, accompanied by Delphiniam 600, Composite 309 and 297, Myrrhis? 610; together again with the above Fritillarie, Erythronium, Saxifrage, Ferula 314 and others, which fill every space, and one beholds with wonder the multitude of flowers called forth by two or three sunny weeks of April or May. A strawberry gathered here also . (612) attracted my attention, as most specimens exhibited an appendicule on the petiole. In fruit also it seems to differ from those on the east side, which has, by cutting it lengthwise, a cordate outline; the seeds of the few berries I met with, were more superficial and fruit larger, of a deep red colour. I found it again on the foot of the snowy ridges on the high plains of the Saptonas, where it had the same characters. Arriving at the basaltic wall of the mountain, we meet again with Mahonia aquifolia, Pentstemon and Peucedanum mentioned before. The rock above is adorned with Heuchera 388 and Sedum stenopetalum, sometimes a shrub of Amelan- chier Canadensis, B, ovalifolium, or a cherry shrub grows out about the time when the seeds are ripe; hence they will burn up, as well as the borders of the tufts and their dry centres, separating one tuft into several. Seedlings which escape the fire, must either lodge in the tufts or they will be destroyed by rot under the deep snow, or the wet and . bare frosts in the beginning of spring. Sir Wm. Stuart, who, during his travels, became acquainted with these grasses, has raised already a great many from seeds, which he gathered himself many years ago. Even there (Scotland) they preserve a great deal of their primitive character, and — will, no doubt, surpass expectations. Here I must remark, that I some- what doubt the identity of the Triticum on the Missouri and that of - Oregon. The formeris the same Sir Wm. Stuart cultivates, the same which agrees perfectly with the description of Triticum Missuricum, Sprengel, (See Spr. Syst. Veget. Appx.) Drs. Torrey and Gray recog- nized it as T. caninum, and Prince Neuwied calls it a variety of Triticum — repens. ln my estimation it differs from the latter even in its creeping, but short, thick, and ramose root. - BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 289: of the crests. Above we step again on a grassy but sloping. terrace ornamented with Espeletia helianthoides, the large- flowered Phlox, Geranium 402, Gymnandra 230, Ferula 411 and Helianthus 34. At a distance we behold again pine- openings, including meadows, elevated and dry. No great variety of flowers marks these warm protected spots, but by closer examination, we find here the pretty Liliacea, Calo- chortus 299, very abundantly huddled in the thick grassy tufts, sending up its solitary erect leaf. Orobus 312 grows likewise here. From hence we direct our steps to a dense young thicket of spruce, clothing a steep slope of the upper part of the mountain, so dense that a bear would make a circuit to avoid passing through it. Difficult as the passage is, in the listless dark seclusion we find the elegant Calypso. and at the same time with it Linnea borealis; here also did I find Goodyera 595, Epigea repens, Chimaphila corymbosa, Ane- mone 606, and Arctostaphylos uva ursi* These young thickets spring out of the remains of one of the forests of gigantic Pinus ponderosa, which was destroyed by fire, and consist of two or three species Abies, rubra? nigra and balsamea, the latter is seen only in moist places. On the somewhat level top of the mountain grow again large pines, encircled with Populus betulefolia, Acer, Spirea ariæfolia and Crategus. With the last named I found Ribes 293 growing, a shrub 8—10 feet high, with handsome white conspicuous flowers, in deflexed racemes. As I did not see it in another place I returned to this spot to get seed, but was disappointed. The Indians told me that it bore a reddish-brown berry. : A view over this region from the top of one of these high mountains is truly sublime. The Coeur d’Aleine River, a placid deep stream, fringed with Poplar, Salix 636, 286 and 287, Crategus and Cornus, divides the fertile valley, in its * A. uva ursi, Spr. fills the surface of about one third of the woods of Upper and Lower Oregon. This is the famous tobacco ingredient, which the Indians use, mixing the same with one and a half of tobacco, which they get from the fur traders. For this purpose they select such as has grown, 290 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. serpentine course, into many indentations, which contain on each side a series of lakes, reflecting the towering Green mountains, whose bases they often reach, and harbour im- mense numbers of water-fowl, especially geese and ducks. In one place one observes the Indian, in his light frail canoe of Thuja bark, paddling noiselessly along to surprise the fowl behind the rushes; in another he is fishing with nets made of the twisted branches ofthe Cornus; or is busy in building canoes; gathering rushes for mats, &c. On the teeming meadows, graze or gambol herds of horses ; children bathe in the river, or carry wood or roots to their humble homes, the smoke of which is seen circling over the tops of the gigantic pines. In short, it is as complete a picture of pristine nature as can be beheld under a northern sky. — _ These lakes are either permanent, filled with Nuphar advena, Menyanthes, Typha and rushes; or, they dry up to swamps in the summer months; in the latter case they bear Phragmites communis and Alismacee, their stony shores bordered and ornamented with Clintonia, Calliopsis Atkin- soniana, species of Allium, Nasturtium, Claytonia, Carda- mine, Lythrum, &c. Deeper inside are large tufts of Carices, groups of Typhe, so useful for the Indians who use the blades for making mats; with it also grows Calamus, the roots of which the Indians use but little. But on the borders of willow-shrubbery grows the Scirpus maritimus ? for whose tubers the Indians dig every autumn asif for potatoes, which they also cultivate.* The former have somewhat of a pear- * The Skitsoe Indians, about ten or fifteen years ago, got possession of some potatoes from some of the fur traders, which they since have culti- vated in their own way, and brought to a remarkable degree of perfec- tion, This may perhaps serve to show how much depends, in the potatoe as in every sort of vegetable, on the selection of seeds or sets. During my stay with the Skitsoes, in November 1843, the chief used to walk about every morning, two or three hours before daybreak, in the woods, —— where the Indians had built their lodges, singing out in a loud voice the — orders for the day ; amongst others he repeated every morning: “ Eat the small potatoes, save the big ones for planting!” This his people did for a long period. The size of their potatoes (English white) was not so = bs BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 291 shape, their size is that of a hen’s egg. I found the taste to be very pleasant, but not so as to rival the latter. The rest of the valley meadows are either low and moist, losing the spring waters rather late, or elevated as high as the banks of the river. The former change their verdure three times during the warm seasons. When the water has all gone away, the Carices die down, and divers species of Aira appear in their place. Towards September these have done and Trichodium scabrum with Panicum capillare give to these tracts a coppery and whitish mottled color, out of which rise the golden flowers of Coreopsis Atkinsoniana, —Helianthus Hookeri. Asterea 473 and Helenium 589. The dry elevated parts of the meadows belong exclusively to Gamassia ; one bulb close to the other for miles and miles. Three other showy kinds of plants only did I recognize: Veratrum viride, Ranunculus 303 and Castilleja 294. The latter seems to belong to that valley only. We now traverse the river and visit one of the R Gamass-prairies on one of the great plateaux of Upper Ore- gon of about 3000 feet elevation, situate between the upper Columbia and Kooskooskee rivers, famous for variety of scenery and floral beauty. After crossing the river and a lake encompassed by mountains to the north, we ascend the latter and travel the same course.* Having ascended the extraordinary, but in quality they surpassed what I before and afterwards tasted in potatoes. In planting they laid the potatoes whole, in rows & little elevated, filling them afterwfrds up with soil about a foot deep. — . * Here I beg the indulgence of the reader, to give an account of winter travelling in this region ; for it would leave the botanist in too enviable a light to pass over this, and describe summer excursions only, which are certainly delightful. * It was on the same road that I sat out from the aide Village in UN beginning of December 1843, to go to Fort Colville on the Columbia — River, a distance of about 180 or 200 miles on the "winter road. - Not — finding an opportunity to go in company, and finding also the prices the 1 Indians demanded to guide me too high Sue limited means, I, at last, ub came to the resolution to go alone, though utterly of the rot and the country generally. Having exchanged a fine fat horse 1 commenced — under the auspices of ; a snowstorm, which inereased, "due - 299 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. plateau, the path led us again into a grassy pine-opening, cor- I ascended the wooded plateau. The third day in the morning, every vestige of a path had disappeared, the storm continued, and the depth of the snow made it impossible for me to proceed further onward, the more so as I had lost the path entirely, being in the midst of a lightly wooded plateau. To return was now the only alternative left for me, but to find my way back another difficulty. I now dismounted again and struck a camp, hoping that by waiting a day or so the snow storm might abate, that I might be enabled to see a little at a distance. I built myself a shelter of spruce branches, lit a fire, gathered wood for the long night, and finally worked two to three hours very hard to free a space of ground from snow to make grazing easier for my horse, who, moreover did not like this stormy climate and seemed impatient to return to the valley, which compelled me to ‘ hobble’ him ; that is, to tie his fore feet together with a leather strap. Two of the dullest days of my life did I spend in this wretched camp, on a bed of spruce branches, watching the fire and my horse, but the storm continued with unabating fury, the snow now averaging three feet in depth. On the morning of the third day, I resolved to return at any risk, striking an easterly direction by my - compass. I took my horse by the reins, and with the hatchet in my right, I commenced marking the trees as I passed onward through the deep snow, avoiding defiles, till late in the afternoon, when I found myself at the verge of a sudden slope towards a narrow valley below, in which I recognized black spots indicating a rivulet; descending with some diffi- culty, I was much pleased to find a path a little above the valley, which I followed, and brought me to the crossing place of Cœur-d’Aleine River in the afternoon of next day. The snowing now changed to rain in the valley, which at last fell heavily, so I hastened to get myself across the river. No canoe being on this side, I had no alternative but to swim for one; to do that I had to break thesthin ice with my hatchet on my way, which had filled the open space since my late passage. Cold soon drove me back to the banks to light a fire, which ] did by discharging one of my pistols into a heap of fine dry Cedar or Thuja bass, which an Indian had hidden under a piece of an old canoe. At last, after several swimmings and landings, I made the whole distance and brought over à fine canoe ; one of those frail things mentioned above, made of Cedar oF Thuja bark and basket willows. First, I brought over my saddle and saddle-bags, returning again I took my horse on the line, and warming myself through, stepped in the canoe to swim my horse across, when he suddenly turned back frightened, upset me with my frail canoe. Now I had to swim once more, but this time with my clothes on; however, I soon managed to push myself on the other shore with the canoe, which Le BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 293 responding with the former, but more wet and traversed by got broke against the ice by this operation. I now had to take my saddle and saddle-bags on my back, and travel five to six miles in rain and storm along the banks of the river, while my horse was trotting and neighing triumphantly on the other side, with head and tail upright. Patiently I marched on through meadows and morass, and arrived just at about dark, at the village. Rushing to the fire iñ one of the Indian lodges, I was laughed at heartily, for every one could easily guess what had befallen me. At last, an Indian woman having amused herself a long time, by my vain efforts, to free myself of my buckskin shirt, gave me a helping hand. The sensation of wet buckskin on the skin, can only be compared with that of taking a frog in the hand.” The foregoing account I could have omitted, was it not connected with the one following. To give it so that the reader may get at least some idea, I have thought proper to give every detail of the winter-excursion. Perhaps he may get impatient, on account of the length; but I am sure he will not envy me, | “One would think that this would have been sufficient to make me stay where I was, and at my return I thought so myself; but, after three days had elapsed I heard that some Indians were going to drive a number of horses to a certain good pasture, the road they had to go was partly the same as to Fort Colville. I concluded to join them, as they promised to bring me on the right track. Not in the least did I dream that this adventure would outdo the former; but, prepared for a journey of four days, crossed the river where I found the Indian who had caught my horse, where I saddled him, tojoin my party. They, however, had lost some horses in the woods, for which they were searching ; towards evening they came, but as it was too late now, we had to camp at the crossing for the night; hobbling our horses we lit a fire, and resolved to start as early as possible next day. A stormy night set in again, accompanied by pelting rain, which lasted for three days. On the third day towards noon, our roads parted. I got my information from the Indians how to travel on, but I found that these Indians have not that aptness'to describe a route, 80 as to understand it at once, which I so often admired with the Indians of the Plains. I understood what he marked on the ground; to follow it strictly, I copied it on a piece of paper. Accordingly, I bad to take the — Second trail on the right, after following the path I was in for a short distance. This I did. Soon I found that I was ascending again a " Plateau; this made me distrustful of my road, so Linstantly returned, examining the way again; finding however that I was perfectly right, I resolved to travel on as fast as possible. The fifth day I was again ona crested high plateau, snowy stormy weather again set in, but this time - 294 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. numerous rivulets. Large tracts of ground are covered with the accompanied by a piercing wind; however, I kept my road steadily, it was one that led to a distant Gamass prairie or root-ground of the Indians, frequented therefore by numbers of pack-horses, who had, in passing with their loads, snatched the bark from the pine trunks, which marks helped me to find the path again when I lost the track, Soon I became uneasy agaih as to the right way, knowing that my course lay northward, I found by my compass that I had pursued a south-easterly direction for the last three days; so that instead of wide plains and rivers, I had met only small valley prairies with rivulets. I now returned again, convinced that I must be wrong. This was the eighth day since I started from the village, with provisions for four days only; consisting of dry buffaloe meat and Gamass bulbs ; these I had to manage now well, so that a third part of a breakfast was now my ration for the whole day. I had no rifle with me to kill game, nor did I meet any, except a moose- deer, which by its lazy amble kept my tired horse soon out of shooting distance, both with rifle and pistol. The snowing had now ceased; but the ground was covered two feet deep, and the labour I had every evening to free a piece of grassy ground for my horse, was very tiresome. In the evening, when I struck camp, I had first to gather wood for a fire for the long night, which lasted from four o'clock in the afternoon to eight in the morning. Above three hours passed in labour, the other long part I passed in sleeping, smoking, stirring the fire, looking for my horse and so on. When hunger pinched me, I smoked tobacco; to allay thirst, I kept several snow balls near the fire in front of my bed, the latter consisted of spruce branches, which Ilicked when they were thawing. Here I cannot omit to say at least something in favour of smoking tobacco; and in no other way, I think, can smoking be excused as any thing like being useful or necessary. The most pinching hunger and that peculiar faint feverish sensation accompanying it, is at once’removed, aS . well as the sharp appetite, by smoking tobacco. The luxury of a pipe of — tobacco, in such cases, cannot be conceived by any smoker, if he has not experienced it. The excitement is naturally soon over, and increases the — more the stomach is tortured by fasting. A frequent repetition is there- fore necessary. True, that a certain debility of the stomach must be the consequence ; but this cannot outweigh an expediency s0 great, whee life is in the other scale. But little progress did I make in my retur» owing to the snow and the feebleness of mine as well as of my horse —— On the third day towards camping time, I noticed by the marks onthe — — pine trunks, that a path forked off to the right. Striking my camp at the — place, I walked a distance and convinced myself that it bore a north- n westerly course. Next morning I followed it, and found, to my great : BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 295 two low species of Vaccinium and the Arbutus uva ursi. In satisfaction, that I descended considerably. Already at noon, the snow began to disappear, my path became plainer, and at last brought me to a narrow rocky defile, when after another descent T observed a wide plain stretched before me, with but little snow and plenty of fine grass. The afternoon was beautiful, and my horse trotted on briskly along a woody seam of basaltic rocks, About sunset, I observed four horses grazing in the plains, which made me believe that I must be near an Indian village. Believing that some of the people might come and see after these horses, which they commonly do every two days, I resolved to camp on the spot ; and to be easily recognized J put fire to a dry pine, covered with resin which burnt the whole night like a torch. A bright beautiful night ensued, which I enjoyed, feeling some hope of being now near the end of my trying excursion. The sun rose beautifully above the snow towering mountains next morning, when my horse came to my camp-fire volun- tarily, having had an excellent grazing night. The four other horses also were only a short distance off. Mounting and proceeding onward I met several paths forking off from the main, and while I checked my horse, not knowing which one to take, my eyes caught at the distance an object which turned out after a minute or two, to be an Indian on a white horse, galloping over the plains towards the smoke column of my burning pine tree. Atoncel put the heels to my horse and dashed up to him. A short parley in words and signs ensued, of where we came from and where we were about to go to. I understood from him that I was on the direction both to Fort Colville and the Spokan Mission station. He was an old, coarse and wild-looking fellow, but agreed, and was willing at once to bring me to the crossing place of Spokan River, for which he asked seven balls and powder, a high price in that country for a two hours' ride. The passage through the river was rather difficult, the crossing place being immediately below a high water-fall. After I had paid off my guide, and smoked a pipe with him, he turned very civil, and accompanied me a short distance further, showing me the road afterwards to the nearest Indian village. For this additional trouble, he again asked to be paid by some - flints and a piece of tobacco, which I did. He returned to fetch his horses. Trotting along a series of trap rocks, covered with scanty pines and tracts of sandy woods for three or four hours, I found myself at once on the brink of a precipice, overlooking a small river in a narrow valley m | below, and discerned an Indian village on an elevated bank opposite. my right, I recognized Spokan River in a rather broad valley. a rivers joined a short distance below, and enclose a point of land of cla led 3 reputation in Oregon ; namely, the place where the tradii ee Me by the great pioneer Wilson P. Hunt, of St. Louis, built their first trading 296 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. such woods, but on sunny spots grows the rare and robust Swertia 335, with many litmus-coloured flowers, the panicle Traders. Nothing remains now but a little elevation of the place where the chimney stood. * Seeing so many paths I made directly for the village, which looked pretty neat; the lodges were constructed of thick poles, covered with new rush mats in the shape of our house-roofs. A great number of men, women, and children surrounded me as soon as I had dismounted in the village, but contrary to what I was used to, the tone in which I was spoken to, by two or three saucy-looking young men, especially by a half- blooded ferocious youngster, did not please me at all. When I asked for the road to Colville, he said he did not know, demanding in the same harsh voice sundry things, especially tobacco with every possible ill grace. At my refusal he changed his language to a still more offending manner which brought me a little in harness; the more so as the rest not possessing the same boldness, joined in a kind of sneer peculiar to the Indian only. I leaned on the neck of my horse, holding the reins iD my hand, keeping myself quiet, when the former insolent fellow under . took to examine my saddle-bags, not daring, however, to take them down ; while the others felt the mane of my horse, whose fat condition seemed to excite their appetite for horse-flesh, which these Indians are very fond of. This was too much for me; I lifted up the bear-skin that covered my pistol-holsters, took out the pistols, and placed them in my belt. This manœuvre succeeded, and brought them at once to better grace. They imagined me to be, in their own saying, ‘a poor fellow without à gun.’ The insolent half-breed lost more of his tact than the others ; he stepped back amazed, crying out “Stem! (what !) pleading some igno- rance to hide his fear. For this, I took out a pistol, levelling it at him with a doubtful laughing mien, imitating suddenly the sound of the report of a gun with my full voice. At this he shrunk visibly; he was now laughed at by some boys. Without looking at any one I swung myself into the saddle to be off. Three or four came forth now to show me the road, for which I gave them a little tobacco. ee ** I was glad to find myself alone again. The afternoon was beautiful, and I enjoyed the picturesque scenery along Spokan River, the path leading right above along the high banks of the same. At sunset I struck camp | a gigantic(a) Abies balsamea near the river. I made a shelter of a blanket, and stretched on my bear skin, I mused over the changes of the day, and (a) In this tree were sundry marks hewn and cut. Amongst others, 1 found the initials (D. Dgls.), which I take to be those of the late Mr- David Douglas, who made a summer excursion to this place. — BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 297 developing only after the flowering is over, when the plant attains a height of two to three feet. Open moist meadows, adjoining to these woods, are tra- versed by small rivulets, which in their course pass through thickets of Willow, Cornus and Symphoricarpus, filled up with the tall fronds of Pteris aquilina. In the woods, these rivulets are bordered by Abies, Populus, Acer and Alnus ; here grow abundantly Rides, 313, with Pedicularis, 422, the latter is seen also in the meadows, but is quite a rare plant. Carices, Aira and Gamassia form the capet of these wet spongy meadows ; of conspicuous plants are Veratrum viride, Valeriana, 237* and 308, besides Thermopsis, 365 near over past times, for it was Christmas Eve. While I was so sitting and smoking a pipe, another Indian came up on a white horse; riding up to my fire he bent himself over his horse’s neck, looking at my saddle, at myself, and the fire, for several minutes—this with an air of nonchalance which all North American Indians possess—at last I motioned him to dismount, which he did. He was a half naked youngster with a dejected countenance, who soon let me know his ill-luck, that he had lost every thing, gambling with the Sayelpies at Fort Colville. He also told me, that to go to the Mission establishment 1 had to cross a high snowy mountain. He stirred the fire, and fetched more wood for the night, watered the horses, so that I offered him a smoke, which he greedily ac- cepted. After it I got out the small remains of the provisions, which I shared with him, Again we had a smoke, during which I made him the propo- sition, to guide me to the Mission next morning, which he promised. The Pay was a saddle-blanket. Early in the morning of Christmas day, I followed the Indian over the mountain, the top of which was wrapped in — a snow storm ; towards noon we began to descend, and soon arrivedin —— the valley Tshimakain. Soon I shook hands with Messrs. Fells and | Walker, and accepted the permission joyfally to make mir at okie i their residence, : “ In my * Preliminary ie oder notes, I have celi. of these kind gentlemen, and I state here, that I shall. remember rs E kindness throughout the whole of my life. The sudden « E hunger and cold in the wilderness, for the comforts of civilized not without a reaction on my health; but in three days : i was over, and I could enjoy the luxury again of sleeping under a rii, of nF _* This is the“ Racine amare” of the Canadian voyageurs: - A robust; siesconie, uni sctnewhak surement un droite Mew os Ve * E "uoo ; did 298 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. the borders of the woods, and the delicate rare Ferula, 302, with Arabis ? 305, on or between the tufts of the Carices. With the intention to return once more in July, we close this description of the Green mountain, or Grassy region ; of Upper Oregon. Passing down a northerly defile, through a shrubbery of Prunus, Sorbus, Cornus, Myginda, Lonicera, 304, and. others, we arrive at last below, to overlook the II.—Sub-region; Level Region of Upper Oregon: having ' before us, lstly. The fertile grassy and Gamass prairies, of about 3000 feet general elevation. 2ndly. The arid basaltic plains, mostly to our right, of about 2000, and 3rdly. The high, cold, grassy Ferula prairies, of about 4000, to our extreme left. ra All these plains incline eastward on the Green Mountains ; the first and last on the Blue Mountains, westward; the second bordering both the latter, and preceding, by following and m- cluding the Columbia River, down to the Cascade Mountains. lst. Fertile grassy, or Gamass plains, of about 3000 feet general elevation ; They are traversed by rivulets of secondary size in every direction, running swiftly along on a bottom of gneiss rock; overflowing, during the spring, the vast rich prairies, ; leaving behind pools and ponds, drying up about July. They are further characterized by naked barren hills, ridges, or even mountains, to more than 1000 feet elevation above tifid leaves. The root is somewhat parsnip-shaped, thick and firm, brown and with a bright orange under epidermis. Raw, it has a somewhat . pungent and/spicy taste; but properly prepared, I am told by Sir wm. us Stewart, of Murthly Castle, Scotland, it is a very agreeable and whole- some dish. Sir Wm. Stewart cultivates this plant already for — fe years, and with great success, in his kitchen garden, where I saw itn the greatest perfection. The Indians dig it throughout the year, and boil it in the same manner as Gamass; by that process the root assumes à texture like that of boiled beet, a brown colour, and an odour with some- what of the taste of chewing tobacco. Hence the Canadian name, “Tobacco root.” The flowering panicle is a glomerulus, but the M bearing elongated and 2-3 feet long. és BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 299 plains, composed of soil, rarely topped, or walled, with granite or gneiss; void of vegetation, save the Scanty grasses scattered over them, their chief vegetation being some in- conspicuous Boraginee. These mountains serve as land- marks to the traveller; one of them, more than 1000 feet high, was pointed out to me, as having a spring on its top. Stripes, or tongues of pine forest, on sandy elevated lands, give to these wide flat Gamass prairies a pleasing interrup- tion ; some of the most colossal trees of Pinus ponderosa are also found in these limited forests. This completes the general outlines of these plains ; we will now say something about the Gamass itself.* A deep blue covers these extensive plains when ethe * Gamassia esculenta, Dougl.? Narthecium Squamash, Pursh., Phalan- gium Squamash, Nutt., is an Asphodelea much resembling a common blue Hyacinth, the bulb likewise of about the same size, in texture and shape more like that of Narcissus Tazetta. The Gamass of Oregon seems to differ from the same in Missouri and Illinois; the former being more robust, has a bulb twice as large, shorter, stiffer leaves, and longer racemes with larger and more oblique flowers, ofa light or deep indigo blue, rarely pure white. The pale blue faded colour of the Gamass on the east side of the Rocky Mountain I did not meet in Oregon. The digging of the Gamass bulb is a feast for old and young amongst the Indians; a sort of picnic which is spoken of throughout the whole year. The different neighbouring tribes meet on the same plain and mostly at the same time, at the same spot where their forefathers met. Herethe old men talk over their long tales of olden times, the young relate hunting adventures of the last winter, and pass most of their time in play and gaming; while on the women alone, young and old, rests the whole labour of gathering that indispensable food. They, especially the young women, vie with each other in collecting the greatest possible quantity and best quality of Gamass, because their fame for future good wives will depend much on the activity and industry they show here; the young men will not overlook these merits, and many a marriage is v closed after the Gamass are brought home. I saw a young WOMAN M ius the Skitsoe village, who had collected and prepared sixty sacks of Gamass, each sack containing 14 bushel; she was spoken of terms throughout the village. — p As soon as the Indians have returned from gat ‘ Biscuit root," of which we shall speak afterwards, they begin to prepare for the — 300 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Gamassia is in full bloom, agreeably variegated with sundry getting sacks ready, which are mostly of Thuja bass, or Helonias roots; and at last family after family leave the village, chatting merrily, and group after group arrive at the plains, where there all is bustle and activity. After dismounting, they strike their camp in the groups of tall pines; the boys take care of the horses, while the older people pay their visits from lodge to lodge. Hunters return with game, or some young men bring the first salmon from the distant river, to have something to feast the visitors, Allis merriment and joy, when the numerous large pine- wood fires illuminate the wide classic plain in the evening. The digging of the Gamass takes place as soon as the lower half of the flowers on the raceme begin to fade, or better, when the time of flowering is entirely passed. For that purpose, the Indian women use a stick two feet long, curvéd like a sabre, of hawthorn wood, which is provided with a cross piece of elk-horn on the top, serving as a handle. This instrument they use with astonishing dexterity, so that they very seldom strike the point twice after the same bulb. Four or five sacks of raw bulbs is a common day's labour, which dwindle to about two after baking and drying. With the first dawn of day the industrious women and mothers start from the camp, which is frequently a little distant from the Gamass plains, on account of wood and water. They are generally accompanied by à little girl or boy to take care of the horses, and they return every evening loaded to the lodge. As soon as they have gathered a sufficient quantity of bulbs, they prepare for baking. For that purpose, they dig or scrape a hole in the ground of three or four feet in depth, make a fire and throw ina good layer of red hot stones, then a layer of clean grass over those, and now a layer of Gamass, the latter having before been cleaned from the adhering soil. This is repeated until the hole is level with the ground above. The fire is now moved on the top of the ESI and kept arana for about twenty-four hours or longer. ; _ The raw Gamass bulb resembles in its substance, the common Squill — By baking, it acquires a sweet taste, and when boiled the taste is not — unlike the syrup of Squills, but not so sweet. Those accustomed to that food, like the Indians, remain strong and fleshy ; buta European falls of very soon if he has nothing else. Eating a great quantity produces | flatulence, as has been observed by travellers before. Des As soon as the first Gamass are baked, the Indians, young and old, T pass from lodge to lodge to eat Gamass: every where is plenty and — content. The stranger is offered Gamass as soon as he steps into the | camp. But this is only part ofthe feast: the whole is perfect when the salmon begin to be plenty in the rivers, when the gathering of Gamass comes to an end. Nothing can make the Indian recollect that he, with his family, hungered and nearly starved for two months. His carelessness and improvidence return with the HE | seasons, he BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 301 species of Ranunculus, especially R. 306. Of the many species of plants that here and there exist among the dense Gamass, but few come to perfection; generally one sees the panicles of Trichodium and Aira above the dry stalks, mixed with a few Composite, as Aster, Solidago, Calliopsis, &c. On the margin of ponds I found Myosurus minimus, Isoëtes lacustris, with Alopecurus geniculatus. The Gamass plains become more and more limited on approach- ing the Koos-Kooskee, or the Columbia River, where the rivulets become larger, the elevation less. Then again they take the shape of the small fertile meadows, included in such forests as we just left on the Green Mountain plateau. These meadows harbour abundantly divers species of Trifolium, but none of the involucrate species, which only grow on stony soil. Here I gathered Trifolium, 379 and 450; the former I did not meet again ; further, the elegant Polygonum, 405, with Iris Missuriensis. The low gneiss ridges, clad with pines on top, are the habitat of Erysimum, 399, Saxi- frage, 619 and 625, and divers Ferule, 301, 298, with Phlox, 371, and Phacelia, 463. Sunny protected situations are inhabited by the pretty Pentstemon, 515; and Poterium, 467 ; joined below by Clematis, 313; rod by Phlox, 375; speculates away for trifles, or squanders, in gambling, night and day, the greater part of Gamass and other provisions, and imparts profusely of what he has, to those even who are too lazy to lay in provi- sions for winter. For this they have to suffer severely, particularly in the months of February and March; when they are compelled to fell trees, to gather the long moss from the pines, which they bake in the same manner as above, mixed with a few Gamass if they have any left. This composition is of a greenish-brown colour, like Conferve, has a wild | acrid taste, like tan, so that one would think it would reduce a living - man to a mummy. But the stoical Indian eats this now with the greatest - complacency; remains strong and vigorous, and it is possible that the absence of tannin in our victuals, renders our stomachs so feeble us -. "e and on the contrary those of the Indians so indestructible by aot those acrid particles. _* The Saptona Indians use the root of. this plate ui vien horses fall down during their excessive races. ` They hold a scraped end : of the root into the nostrils of the. fallen horse. eee eee db 302 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Espeletia helianthoides, Potentille, Geum, 996; and again, Gamassia, Veratrum, Polygonum, &c. On dry shady hill sides I found the two Carices, 332 and 333; the former quite remarkable for its very large tufts, woody root, and long perennial hard leaves. Here, also, on some dry sunny gneiss rock, did I meet again with the Draba Caroliniana! ~ which I have found before on the saline loamy plains of Upper Platte River; as ought to have been noticed in the description of that region. This closes the description of the interesting Gamass plains, poor as they are in select plants, for the purposes of - a botanist. We now change our course eastward; traverse a spur of the Kallispell; a part of the Green Mountains, to arrive in the: ; 2nd. or Arid basaltic plains of Upper Oregon, including great part of the territories of the Spokan, Sayelpi, Oka- nagan, Kallispell, Saptona, and Wallawalla Indians, as well as the rivers of the same names; besides great part of - the Columbia, and other rivers. General elevation, about — 2000 feet. | These plains comprise so great a part of Upper Oregon; that it will be necessary to treat the same as one vast region. Moreover, as they are of the greatest interest to the botanist, : and possess a flora of the first order, we shall give the dum general character of the vegetation, after describing its SU — face, and consider the same under different subdivisions. : T z Surface and geological features.—This extensive region IS — generally characterised by an uneven, broken, stony, rocky, 0f — 4 sandy surface. Level, heavy, clayey, stony plains are sùr- —— rounded and intersected by high precipitous piles of broken, 0f — — entire shapeless basaltic masses, alternating with sloping piles E of gneiss, rarely granite. The basaltic masses are surrounded — with deep sandy elevations, or separated by such ravines — instantaneous, it produces trembling ; the animal springs up, and is led to ; the water to refresh its limbs, I have been told that it never failed, BOF — produced bad consequences. The scraped root leaves a burning sensation for half a day, if touched with the tongue, s ES BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 303 from the level loamy plains. The sand, for the most part, covers solid basalt, which appears as if cast over immense tracts of land, but is for the most part naked. On the sand some scanty pines scarcely maintain. life, except in ravines, and towards rivers, as well as in the immediate neigh- bourhood of the basalt masses. A basalt of a closer grain, but likewise shapeless, appears in series of low, rounded, conic heaps, as if baked, its surface scaling off in small conchoidal fragments, like flints. These range parallel with the great masses, and generally protrude out of the sand. Towards the Columbia River these plains become more wooded as the elevation lessens, and their sides are some- times again walled with the before-mentioned pseudo-co- lumnar basalt; the more so as they approach to the côtes (several thousand feet high) of the Columbia River. The most western portion of this region is again saline sandy desert, borne on coarse gravel, and in part again on pseudo- columnar basalt. : General characters of the vegetation :—Scanty woods of Pinus ponderosa on the sandy rocky tracts, but large trees are found in depressions and plains of less height, and in narrow river-val- leys! Celtis, Rhus, and Corylus first appear on the west side! —Sambucus and Symphoricarpus abundant in river-valleys !— Ribes and Philadelphus on rocky banks |— Brilliant colours cha- racterize the flora of the herbaceous plants '— Chief habitat of Clarkia pulchella, Lewisia rediviva and Collomia elegans, cha- racterizing the whole of this region !—Small-flowering Ona- gree, abundant in the genera Epilobium, Clarkia, Euchari- dium, Œnothera, and Gaura /—Umbelli ifere abundant, chiefly in the genera Ferula, Eryngium, Osmorrhiza, and Peuceda- num !— Boraginee abundant in Pulmonaria, Rochelia, Onos- modium, Cynoglossum, Hydrophyllum, Phacelia ! —Polemonia- cee in Polemonium, Collomia, Cantua !—dLewisiee in Lewisia! c Pediculares, in Orabanche, Orthocarpus, Castilleja '!— "M raceæ in Hieracium, Lygodesmia, Troximon, Crepis, Sonchus — Inulee ; Pyrrocoma, Gnaphalium, Antennaria, Espeletia, Chry- sopsis, Inula ? Calycadenia !— Asteree ; Erigeron, Diplopappus, Chrysocoma, Aster, Solidago !— Helianthee ; Hymenopappus, E 304 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Helenium, Gallardia, Calliopsis, Blepharipappus, Bidens, He- lianthus !— Anthemidee ; Cotula Artemisia, Achillea !—Am- brosiacee; Xanthium, Iva, Ambrosia !— Berberidee; Mahonia! '— Rosaceæ ; Poterium, Potentilla, Geum, Rubus, Rosa, Spirea, Purshia, Crategus !— Leguminose ; Lupinus, Hosackia, Vicia, Psoralea, Homalobus, Glycirrhiza ! — Amentacee ; Populus, Saliz, Corylus, Betula, Alnus !—Conifere; Pinus, Abies, Larix, Juniperus !—Saxifragee ; Saxifraga, Heuchera ! — Rhamni ; Rhamnus, Ceanothus! — Polygonee; Eriogonum, Rumex, Polygonum !—Ranunculacee ; Delphinium, Anemone, Clematis '—Single representatives of families ! Abundant is Lewisia of Lewisiee !— Mahonia of Berberideæ !—Philadelphus of Myrtacee—Comandra of Thymeleæ !—Clintonia of Cam- panulacee !—Fedia of Valerianeæ ! — Sambucus of Sambu- cinee !— Hedyotis of Hedyotideæ (rare) —4Arceuthobium of Lo- rantheæ !—Cleome of Capparidee ! — Sida of Malvacee !— Turneracee ; Bartonia !—Sedum of Crassulacee '—Rhus of Terebinthacee ! No Papaveracee ! Urticee ! Violacee! Vites! Salah? Jasminee ! Amaranthee! Eleagni?! Oxalidee ! Cactus! Cnicus! Euphorbia! Fremontia! Galium! Gen- — tiana ! Hypericum ! Plantago ! Ribes ! Symphoricarpus ! Mar- silea, and Allionia ! are all single representatives of families not very abundantly met with. |. Of Gramineæ, and other endogenous plänts : are creen : Of Festucacee ; Festuca, Keleria, (Bromus) ;! — Hordeac Hordeum, Triticum, Elymus !—Asphodeli ; P Gamassia, diim, Brodiea !—Liliacee ; Calochortus, F , Erythr —lridee ; Sisyrinchium, Iris ! — Single ‘representatives - of their respective families are the genera Alisma? Panicum ! Agrostis! and Narthecium !— Cyperoidee very abundant, but only one species of Cyperus ! Vivid colours mark this region.—Blue ind purple east- ward; and scarlet with golden-yellow westward. A glau- cous green reigns in the herbage over the plains; a deep saturated green in the valleys. | We now divide this whole arid basaltic region into sub- = divisions. or regions, as follows : erede, e a mm BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 305 I. — Subdivision ; level, loamy, stony and grassy plains, en- compassed by sandy and scanty pine woods and basalt masses. As soon as the ground-water has disappeared in the early spring, these plains are at once clothed with the beautiful wine-red flowers of the handsome Sisyrinchium, 311; and almost at the same time appear the different tuberous Ferulæ in the adjoining sandy woods; the yellow former species, as well as the famous * Biscuit Root,"* mentioned before. The Pulmonaria, Hydrophyllum, tu- berous Claytonie, Frittillarie and Espeletia helianthoides are here all together, to live and die away in less than four weeks. The grasses are, as before mentioned, Triticum and Festuca, thriving well in the clayey soil, with a half- paved surface. This is the favourite soil of the robust Espeletia, 395 ; which often invests such plains, and espe- cially their depressions. The whole plant has a strong tur- pentine odour, and the Indians cannot eat the thick sub- * By the first rays of the warm sun in March or April, this humble useful plant emerges from the sand. [n about two or three weeks, the plant is in bloom, This is the time when the Indians, especially the Saptonas and Spokans, turn out to gather its delicate tubers; which are commonly of the size of a small walnut, somewhat bread-shaped, but then they are at least three to four years old, far inferior to the thin spindle-form two year old tender tubers. The substance is farinaceous, snowy-white, and in the young tubers not entirely insipid. Like many of the tuberous plants in Oregon, this also has a very short time for vegetating above ground, for in three weeks after flowering, the wind sweeps already the dry stalks over the plains, These tuberous Ferule are to the Indians here the same as the Cymopteri on the Platte are to the Pawnees in Missouri territory. Another and more remarkable species of Ferula, is the “ Pooh-Pooh root" of the Spokans, which I never met growing myself; and only know from what I could see from a few dried leaves, lfound that it must be more than twice the size of the former, and according to all descriptions a rare plant. The tubers are of the size of a small potatoe, but somewhat bread-shaped, and contain, as the former, à a white farinaceous substance, which has a rather strong, but pleasant aromatic odour and taste, resembling citron, which they keep br more than a year. The Indians gather them in but small quantities and file them on strings. It would be well for future botanists to get tubers and seeds for planting, as it would bea great acquisition for our kitchen- 306 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. fusiform root of this, as of the other species of Espeletia. Not much of interest can be seen in these plains after the Sisyrinchium has done flowering ; a few plants of Gymnandra, 230; Geum, 296; with Potentilla effusa, and the Pyrrocoma, about June, are the lone, yet interesting plants, and we leave therefore these extensive plains to visit the IL.—Sub-division : the adjoining sandy plains and woods ! Extensive level sandy pine woods; resting on basalt, front- ing with their sides the river-valleys, and a lower terrace of level sandy pine forest or gravelly sandy extensive plains. Here reigns the greatest diversity in the vegetation, which is by far the most interesting of Upper Oregon. All the early spring flowers of the other plains, with few exceptions, are here met with and many that I found nowhere else. Early in April blooms here a beautiful Erythronium, probably E. grandiflorum, of a deep golden yellow, which I did not meet on the left bank of Spokan river, but in its stead found the Erythronium 601. Soon after follow numbers of small spring flowers, all of them mentioned before, except Vesica- ria didymocarpa, growing on dead sandy slopes, which I did not see again, since I passed the Sweet-water rocks on Mis- souri territory. A very rare plant is the Hedyotis 460, which I picked on the rocks at the Kettle-falls, near fort Colville, and of which I found only one specimen ; in the same locality grow Arabis aurea, Delphinium 600, Mahonia and others. On the Gneiss rock slopes, grows Rhus glabra with shrubs of hazel and hawthorn, and under the pines above grow myriads of Ferule, tuberous Cluytonia, Espeletia : further Comandra 634, Stellaria 324; Stellaria? 629; Sisymbrium canescens, Veronica peregrina, and a number of small alpine plants. Open tracts of these woods and the gravelly plains without, are the chief habitat of the remarkable “ Bitter-root plant,”* * Description of the “Bitter root” plant, or Racine amare, Lewisia rediviva, Pursh , (Spatlum, Aboriginorum). i Planta perrennis vernalis colorata subsucculenta. Radix, tuber fan- naceum amarum, cuticula exteriori nigro-fusca, interiori rubro-auriantiaca. Tuber plante annu: verticale, fusiforme; plante mature partitum, BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 307 the * Racine amare” of the Canadian voyageur. As it is, to my knowledge, not as yet accurately described, I shall sub- ramis caudatis divergentibus fibrosis. Rhizoma incrassatum squamatum partitum, partibus congestis. Scapi numerosi erecti pollicares nudi teretes, basi foliorum cyclo circumdati, superne nodo unico ochreato; ochrea elongata appressa 5-fida membranacea, laciniis tenuissimis. Pedunculus solitarius uniflorus, in ochream scapi impositus ; teres, superne incras- satus. Calyx pedunculo concretus, persistens, squamis imbricatis, 7, interioribus majoribus, appressis, amplis, planis; ovalibus obovatisve, rotundatis vel emarginatis, nervosis, membranaceis, viridi-purpureis, post anthesin scariosis. Corolla conspicua, roseo-alba vel purpureo-kerme- sina. Petala in cyclo continuo squamarum receptaculo affixa, solubilia, circ. 17, obovato-lanceolata acutiuscula, interdum obsolete emarginata; interiora majora, post anthesin in operculum calyptræforme contorta, fructus obtegentia, Stamina in fasciculos 7-14, unguibus petalorum adnexa, corollam subæquantia. Filamenta tenuia incurvata albo-rosea. Autheræ biloculares, erectz, lineares, utrinque truncatz, flavo-roseæ. Ovarium solitarium ovatum, uniloculare ; stylus unicus. Stigmata sub 7 filiformia ; ovula plurima funiculis longis filiformibus in conum congestis suffulta, stamina subæquantia rubra. Fructus carpellum convexo-conicum, oper- culo calyptræformi petalorum contortorum obtectus. Semina lenticularia, nigra, nitida, albuminosa. Observ.—Root flexible; caudex capitate ; scapes and peduncles succu- lent ; leaves green, dying soon off; segments of the ochrea long and lax; peduncle dilated to a receptacle; nerves of the calyx, sepals radiating; petals remaining tender, membranaceous till they twist themselves spirally together, as in Malwa; stamens remain with the petals; seeds resemble those of a large Claytonia, situated on long fascicles ; receptacle flat with a fringed circle of a spongy mass o Which the fascicles arise ; colour of the flower that of Cereus flagelliformis, lighter or darker; colour of the scapes and peduncles, with the calyx sepals bright brick-red or paler. : I . The Indians, especially the Flathead tribes, value this root highly, ur itis with them prepared with the marrow of the bison, the most dainty dish. It has also acquired fame among Europeans, and travellers generally use X in those regions as a very wholesome food, and it is prized in spite of its strong bitter taste, which resembles the bitter of the China-bark. The root is dug during flower-time, when the cuticle is easily removed d by that it acquires a white colour, is brittle, and by transportation broken to small pieces. Before boiling, it is steeped in water, eer makes it swell, and after boiling it becomes five to six times larger in size; resembling a jelly like substance. As it is so small a root, it 308 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. join my description taken on the spot where it grows. So abundant is that plant, that those localities during the flower- requires much labour to gather a sack, which commands generally the price of a good horse. Indians from the lower regions trade in this root by handfuls, paying a high price. This plant was first collected by the great pioneer, Captain Meriwether Lewis, whose attention was probably directed to it by the Indians, who brought some of such roots to him. The collection of plants formed by Captain Lewis, came under the examination of Pursh, who named this plant in honour of the collector with the fitting cognomen “ rediviva ; because that specimen revived and grew again at Kew Gardens, after ^ having been about three years out of the ground, between paper. I also myself, brought a great number of tubers with me, which doubt- less would all have grown, had it not been for the excessive heat they had to sustain, by passing twice through the aequatorial regions on my way home. The heat caused them to throw up leaves, which weakened the tubers too much. However, two plants were growing well at Kew Gardens, but did not show any flowers as yet when I last saw them. Six weeks at most, is the period during which the Lewisia vegetates above ground, for the whole year. At first the fascicles of leaves show themselves, soon after the scapes; as soon as the first flower begins fo open, the leaves die away. The flower is only open during sunshine, and when fructification has taken place, droops down, or lays down on the ground. When the seeds are ripe, the peduncle and calyx become dry, the former separates from the joint of the scape, the calyx sepals spread wide open, serving as wings, and now the wind whirls it about, to plant the seeds, which as yet were covered by the cap formed out of the dried contorted petals, and which are held by means of the claws being forced against the inclining inner sepals. : The Lewisia occurs sparingly on the plains of the Upper Platte p quas abundant however on the Upper Clarke or Flathead River, which is, on that account, denominated ** Rivière aux Racines Amares,” by the Cana- dians. Far more abundant is the same on the above plains; £ y pale in colour on rocky ground; but a very elegant plant in the sandy woods. A chemical gnalysis of this root will shortly be given by my friend Mr. Crusius, here at Dresden, which will complete the history of this interesting plant, standing alone, to my knowledge at least, as à family in the natural order as well as genus and species. p (The above excellent description made from the living plants, will serve to correct some errors in our account from dried specimens lished in the Botanical Miscellany, v. 1, p. 344 t. 70; and in the Botany of Beechey's Voyage, p. 344, t. 86.—Ep.) | .— Sh: pos BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 309 ing time are clothed.with a crimson or purple carpet. About this time begin the immense masses of small flowering Ona- grariee to grow up, such as Epilobium 380, 229 and 231 in moist places ; Oenothera, 546 and 547, Epilobium 545, with Eucharidium? 658. About this time begins the flowering of the Clarkia pulchella, clothing the whole region, far and wide in its purple. It is far prettier on its native ground, the largest plants forming a panicle from the base, covered with flowers, but the mass of them are one or few-flowering plants not more than 2 or 3 inches high. Wherever there is a nut- shell-full of soil on a rock, there blooms a little Clarkia; the next characteristic plant of this region is the Collomia elegans, following soon after the Clarkia has begun, and now are seen flowers and beautiful colours in every direction, as: Pentste- mon 515 ; Silene? 519, Ceanothus 526, Gnaphalium 536 and 542, Phaca 562, Aster (Eurybia)? 586, Hieracium 593, Calochortus 618, Pentstemon 641, Gnaphalium 643, Phlox? 480, Erigeron 478, Townsendia 479, Homalobus 475, Pent- slemon 477, (very rare), Cynanchum 449, Aster? 447, Lygo- desma 440, Ipomopsis 434, Chrysopsis villosa, Silene 385, Crepis 336, and several others; here also grow the Grami- nee, Kelera? 537, Hordeum 542, with Triticum and Festuca, 356. Another sort of flora is found in the gravelly and sandy plains, though occasionally are found some plants from the woods in them, as the Lewisia and several Ona- grariee. Generally they exhibit fine groups of Eriogonum, of which each small district seems to have another species, as I have observed from the Platte hills to the Columbia. The most conspicuous of the genus is perhaps Eriogonum 425 ; as other species do, this also forms a brushy mat on the coarse gravel or basalt-rock, sometimes three or more feet in diame- ter, showing its cordate-hastate woolly leaves during the i winter. In the time of flowering one observes that each * plant or mat bears flowers of a different tint, from cream- White to a deep gamboge yellow, in large regular EMO Which are often 8 to 9 inches in diameter, and with the scape near a foot high. Those on naked basalt in the next sub- 310 . BOTANICAL INFORMATION. region, produce all deep yellow flowers. This plant has a very pertinacious parasite, the Orobanche 369, growing co- piously on its roots. It is further very abundant on the stony valley of the Koos-Kooskee River, where I found it growing with Eriogonum 396, the latter being thoroughly covered with a silvery tomentum. I never met with it again afterwards. There remains a cymous-paniculate species, like the rest, covered with a woolly hair, but with a colour between white and rose : it forms large groups in the sandy valleys, this is Eriagonum 590. On stony exsiccated places I collected Ambrosia 551, Cynoglossum? 260, Cantua 544, Rochelia 548, Delphinium 420, and Lythrum 591, growing with masses of Hosackia Purshiana and Gratiola Missuriensis. The finest plants in these plains grow in the gravelly sandy central parts, and near rivulets. Among them is the delicate Gypso- phila? 535, Orthocarpus 465, with tricoloured bracts, tinged with pink; further, Orthocarpus 540, very rare, Pentstemon 464, Poterium 467, Anemone cylindracea, Hosackia 553, Calycadenia 408, 409, Erigeron? 478, 571, Stenactis spe- ciosa, Gallardia 35, Galium septentrionale, Dianthus? 466, Helianthus 34, Hypericum, Lupinus 390, Sida 404, and Sida 410, with the different small involucrate Trifolium, grow along the rivulets, with Ranunculus flammula, and Spiraea Douglas, Roses, etc. In the few pools grows the Clayto- nia? 531, and on the border besides masses of Gratiola, the Alisma 439, Carex 190, 416, 417, 491, 492, 516, and 573, the latter a rare species here ; also the Juncee 208, 498, 499, 500; further Aira 342, 555, and Agrostis 572, with Allium 584, Polemonium 530, and Aster puniceus 587 and 633, toge- ther with many more; but as we have had a view of it suffi- cient to show its character, we will reserve part, and only notice those with fixed localities at the end of the next sub- division. : (To be continued.) ON WHITLAVIA. 311 Description of a new Genus of HypRoPHYLLACEE, from California. By W. H. Harvey, M.D. M.R.LA. (With two Plates, Tan. XI. XII.) Among Dr. Coulter’s Californian plants are two remark- ably handsome species of Hydrophyllacee with larger flowers than any others of the order, and belonging, as far as I can ascertain, to an undescribed genus. I have thus the oppor- tunity, of which I gladly avail myself, of conferring on my friend Francis Whitla, Esq., of Belfast, a deserved compli- ment, by giving his name to the genus. To Mr. Whitla's voluntary and unremitting exertions, the prosperous and advancing state of the Belfast Botanie Garden is mainly to be attributed ; and the good service which he has thus ren- dered to Botany, ought alone to entitle him to the gratitude of botanists, a gratitude usually expressed in this manner. But besides these important services Mr. Whitla’s ardent attachment to botany, intimate acquaintance with the plants of Ireland, and discovery, in this country, of the Equisetum elongatum, amply entitle him to a distinction of this kind. WnurrLAvIA, Harv. Calyx quinque-partitus, sinubus nudis. Corolla hypogyna, tubuloso-campanulata, tubo inflato calyce multo longiore, intus basi squamulis quinque staminibus oppositis iisque adnatis aucto, ore subconstricto, limbo quinque-lobo, sub- inæquali, patente. Stamina 5, squamulis corollæ adnata, exserta, Ovarium spurie biloculare, placentis carnosis maximis. Ovula plurima. Stylus exsertus, bifidus. Cap- sula subcompressa, unilocularis, loċulicida, valvis medio - Placentiferis. Semina numerosa, tuberculata.—Herbe | Ja- lifornicæ, caulescentes, annue, glanduloso-pubescentes. Cau- les erecti, flexuosi. Folia alterna, longe petiolata, indivisa, ovata, grosse crenato-dentata, hirsuta. Flores racemost, speciosi, albo-cærulei, pedicellati, pedicellis gracilibus, se- 312 ON WHITLAVIA. cundis, patentissimis, glandulosis. Genus ad Kutocam ‘proximum, corolle forma diversissimum. 1. Whitlavia grandiflora; caule diffuso flexuoso, corollæ tubo calyce duplo limbo triplo longiore, squamulis oblon- gis obtusis, genitalibus breviter exsertis. (Tab. XI.) Has. California, Dr. Coulter, (N. 492). Tube of the corolla inflated, an inch in length and six lines in diameter, limb one third of an inch long. Tab. XL fig. 1. Corolla laid open; showing the staminal scales : magnified. 2. Whitlavia minor ; caule erecto gracili, corollæ tubo calyce triplo limbo vix duplo longiore, squamulis apice emargi- nato-bilobis, genitalibus longe exsertis. (Tab. XII.) Has. California, Dr. Coulter, (N. 493). Tube of the corolla not quite two thirds of an inch long, and about 3 lines wide. "Very nearly related to the preceding, but a taller and more slender plant, with smaller flowers. Not baving very perfect specimens, I have omitted to take the spe- cific characters from the leaves, which appear to be very similar in both species. (Tab. XII. fig. 1.) . The genus is obviously allied to Eutoca, and in the form of the leaves, glandular hairs, and general habit there 1s much resemblance to E. viscida. But the form and size of the corolla, and the squamular base of the stamens afford obvious generic distinctions. : When introduced to our gardens the plants now described will probably become as universal favourites as the Nemo- phile and Gilie, which they rival or perhaps excel in beauty ; and as border flowers, they may, with greater propriety, com- memorate the services rendered to our Irish gardens, by the gentleman whose name they bear. W. H.H. - January 19, 1846. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 818 7 Botanical Notes on a Journey into the interior of Southern Africa, in company with Mr. Burke; by Cuarurs L. ZEYHER. (Continued from p. 134.) We proceeded on our journey the next day towards the Caledon River, from which we were scarcely seven or eight miles distant. We passed several stationary parties of Dutch emigrants, of whom a considerable body occupied that peninsula between the Orange and the Caledon Rivers, and also the banks of both rivers. Although the banks of the Caledon River are shaded by large willow trees, (of Saliz Gariepina, Burch., if I am right) they are scarcely visible from the level ground near to the river, on account of a narrow embankment, more than fifty feet high. As the plains, through which that river runs, are chiefly composed of a rich alluvial soil, in many places of a considerable depth, it is evident that the water, during a length of time, has cut so deep a gulf down in that soil; which is the more probable, when we consider the rapidity of its current. We intended to ford that river the same day, immediately after our arrival, but we were much disappointed, finding Itin such a high state, that it would have proved fatal, if we had attempted to cross it, on account of the strong and rapid current, and the rocky nature of its bed or bottom ; large masses of rocks were lying on both sides, Which could not be seen on account of the muddy colour of the water, between which the waggons have to pass to the opposite side. We determined for that reason to wait for a better opportunity; the weather seemed favourable, and no rain had fallen since the last two days, so that we expected the river to be much lower again the nextday. On account of want of experience, as to the great distance of the first sources of that river, running for a great length of its course through a very mountainous country, where a great quantity of water is soon collected in its channel during VOL. v. A À 314 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. rainy weather, we found our reckoning in this instance far short, and instead of finding the river lower the next morning, its surface was standing much higher than the day before. After we got more experience, we perceived that the time of the arrival of the greater bulk of water in those perio- dical rivers depends on the distance, at which the thunder showers have fallen. As there is generally lightning visible during night without thunder, after thunder-showers have occurred the same day, we sometimes were surprized when ten or twelve days afterwards, we observed such lightning towards the horizon in the direction of the sources, with an unusual rise of that river, although we had fine weather several days before in our neighbourhood; at other times the great bulk of water arrived much sooner, according to the distance where the rain had fallen. Unfortunately, we waited for a whole month to see the river fall to a suitable depth, which would allow us to pass that stream with our waggons, but our hope was allin vain, and it never was so low as we found it the first day of our arrival. Many parties, some of them emigrants, traders and travellers, had successively gathered on both sides, waiting, as we were, fora favourable opportunity to cross the river. There was neither raft nor boat by which we could effect our transit, We deliberated about building a raft of willow trees, which were large and numerous on the banks of the river; but on account of the strong current through the whole course, we doubted about its fitness, or that it could be used afterwards, to bring our goods over on it. | The rainy season had now completely set in, and there was scarcely a day without thunder-showers here or some- where about our neighbourhood ; and as the heat was very great during the day, which was more sensible on account of — the moist state of the atmosphere, the growth and final - envelopment of the vegetation went on very rapidly ; the Gramineæ particularly, which form a conspicuous part of the Flora of those countries, Some species of Andropogon, and Anthistiria, grow three and four feet high here. The Cyperacee BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 315 are not so numerous here, but there are a few Kyllingias, and a small Cyperus, which is very remarkable on account of its bulbous root, very similar to the bulbs of Zrichonema. They grow together in a very sandy soil The partridges and pheasants are very fond of the bulb of this little Cyperus. Some herbaceous species of Hibiscus, Hermannia, Phaseolus, Dolichos, are the next among the Dicotyledones, which take a leading part here with regard to the number of individuals. The country about the neighbourhood of the river is rather hilly, which indeed has very little effect on the distribution of plants; those hills composed of red sandstone, possess nearly the same plants as the adjacent plains, a few hundred feet lower down, when there is a suitable soil for them. The plains, commencing at the foot of those hills, slope down towards the river, their surface occasionally covered with a reddish kind of sand, apparently the residuum of decomposed red sandstone rocks, of which these hills are formed, and Which is carried down over those plains by heavy rains. Several Asclepiadeous plants, the Mathiola torulosa (17). Semonvillea fenestrata, Thysantha subulata, Lotononis diversi- Jolia, L. crumanina, Scabiosa (779), Pharnaccum (624), Limeum (625 & 626), are the favourites of those sandy localities. The banks of the river, which are pleasantly shaded by large willow trees, are backed by a high cliff, rising immediately close to its edge, more than fifty feet high on some places from the level of the water. The average breadth of the Caledon River near to our station may be averaged from forty to fifty yards; but in the rainy season, when it rises considerably, its surface is much wider. The length of its Course, it is said, is nearly the same as that of the Nu- riep or Orange River, but, running through a country of S elevated mountains, it is merely a periodical stream, With only a small run of water in the dry weather; while 3 the other hand, the Orange River is constantly supplied, even in the dry season, by numerous streamlets from the extensive Draka Mountain chain, which it joins at its north- e: sire nuca w 9 316 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. westerly side for a length of about two hundred miles. Both these rivers run through an extensive and apparently very mountainous country, girded towards the east and south by the Draka Mountains, and towards the west by the Wittebergen, till they penetrate the latter mountain chain, and join each other a few miles below our present station. That extensive tract, from the sources of both rivers, and belted by the two last mentioned mountain chains, is inha- bited by the Mantatee people, belonging to several Betchuana tribes. "They have chosen this mountainous country since the time they were defeated, and deprived of their original country by the Zoolo despot, Moselecatse. One of their principal chieftains is Siconyela, who resides between the sources of the Caledon River and the Orange River. About ten miles' distance from our station up the Caledon River, lies a French missionary station, called “ Seven- fontyn," which I once visited, at the latter end of 1836, when I attempted to go into Moselecatse's country by that route, exactly the same on which Captain Harris returned afterwards from the interior towards the colony. 1 was com- pelled, and most fortunately, to turn back on account of the appalling news that reached us on our route towards the Vaal River, that Moselecatse's warriors had massacred many of those emigrant families who had been obliged to leave the colony to keep their flocks alive, and who had chosen the banks of the Vaal River for a temporary relief. The news of that murderous affair caused great fear amongst my people, and compelled me to return again towards the north-eastern boundary of the colony. When I arrived at “Buffalo Valley," a place where we forded the Orange River, a short distance below the Wittebergen, we met the first body of the emigrants who expatriated themselves under the command of G. Maritz. The missionary station at Sevenfontyn, (so called after so many springs rising immediately near the house of the missionary), is well inhabited, for the most part by “ Bas- sootas," a Betchuana tribe, with only a few Hottentot BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 317 families, and one respectable looking coloured man of the name of Moses, who lived in the immediate neighbourhood of the missionary, evidently for their better self-preservation in time of danger. The Rev. Mr. Rolland, a very respectable and zealous missionary, received me with great kindness, and showed me his new gardens, as well as his newly finished building, and I must say, they were judiciously built, under present circumstances, to protect his own family and a good many others of his flock from the treacherous attempts made by the thievish Kaffir tribes from the southern shores. The houses, or, more properly, straw huts of the Bas- Sootas, several hundreds in number, are amphitheatrically erected, on the eastern slope of a considerably high hill. It had a very impressive effect, as we happened to travel in the dark of the evening, when approaching that station ; we were much surprised by seeing the whole flank of the hill illuminated by many fires, coming from the interior of their huts, as most of the inhabitants were preparing their supper. The buildings of the missionary, as well as those of the Hottentots and the lower part of the Bassoota Village, are erected on an eminence at the foot of that hill, and only a short distance from the Caledon River, commanding an interesting view towards the east, over the verdant and extensive dale below, with numerous herds of cattle, horses, and sheep. The Caledon River winds in a serpentine line through it, but its tall willows growing - on the edge of low-water mark, could scarcely be seen, on account of a high embankment on both sides of the river. Many subsidiary hills rise immediately at the opposite end of that dale, till they are bound in the rear by much loftier tops of the Wittebergen. Mr. Rolland pointed out to me a place, down below, in the valley opposite the Caledon River, and only a short distance from it, where _a number of about three hundred and fifty Kaffirs had been killed by the Bassoota people only a year and a half ago. 318 BOTANICAL INFORMATION, During the last Kaffir war, one chieftain belonging to the Ama Rosa tribe, whose name was Taloosa, finding no chance of satisfying his cupidity with colonial cattle, made an expedition towards the north, and entered this country in order to rob the peaceful Bassootas of their flocks. This attempt, however, was frustrated through the vigilance and valour of that tribe. "Taloosa, with almost all his followers, was slain, and thus severely punished for his crime. The King of the Bassoota's name is Moshee, (others call him Moshoosa). His residence and capital lie several days' journey higher up the river; it is built on an extensive table-land on the summit of a high mountain, which is surrounded by inaccessible precipices, a spot that has been very ju- diciously chosen by the king about the year 1824, at the time when he and his tribe fled before the victorious spears of the Zoolas, led by Moselekato. Moshoosa is described as being of a very peaceful disposition ; there is scarcely any rob- bery committed by his people, and he lives on amiable terms with his surrounding neighbours, as well as with the colony. He rules over a numerous tribe, and occupies an extensive; but very mountainous country. A missionary station of the same French society is attached close to his capital, below that mountain, and some of his younger sons were placed under the immediate care of its missionaries at that time. There are several other villages higher up that river, inhabited by Bastards, a mixed race of Hottentots, and the rest are Koranas. The latter are also a Hottentot race speaking nearly the same language. One of these villages, called Nieuland, has a great fame in that part of the country with regard to the abundance of wheat cultivated by this people. In time of scarcity it supplies many districts with its produce; so that even the inhabitants from the Natal country resort here with waggons, notwithstanding the distance is more than two hundred miles, to buy loads of wheat from this people. - There is scarcely any water running in the channel of BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 319 the Caledon River during winter, and the water in it is merely a string of pools at that time. Its water is very clear during this season, swarming with fish of several descriptions, enjoying themselves in shallow places in the beams of the sun, and making a great noise in the water. They are good for the table, but rather inconvenient, on account of the numerous sharp bones in their flesh. The Sylurus Gariepinus, Burch., and the Barbus Marequensis, Smith, are the best and the most numerous in this and the Orange River. Some peculiar plants grow in the shade of the willow trees, in a muddy soil, deposed by the flood of that River. Urtica? species, Sonchus glaber, Lac- tuca, (1037), Thalictrum Caffrum, (4), Conyza, (804, 805), Senecio reclinatus, Conium africanum, (745), the most of them, indeed, have much the habit and external look of an European flora, and contrast very much with the plants more remote from that river. The common reed, Phragmites communis likewise occupies great patches along the banks of that river. It is of no particular use about here, except that it serves the inhabitants to thatch their houses with. But it is to the inhabitants of the Karroo countries of great importance, as it is the only green vegetable in a severe drought upon Which their cattle entirely depend, when there is no other green wholesome blade to be seen ; it grows very luxuriantly, even in the most salt and brackish water, and fattens very quickly those animals. It is very interesting to see every evening swarms of thousands of birds, chiefly Turdus galli- naceus and Lamprotornis bicolor resort to these thickets of reed ; they know that they have a safe night quarter here, for as these reeds grow in the water, no enemy can disturb them. zok There are, in comparison to other places, very few birds of prey about the Caledon River; the Milvus parasiticus, a well adapted name, is frequently about the banks of the river, and is very annoying sometimes, when there is meat Within its reach. He is rather too forward, and not too 320 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. shy to seize the red handkerchiefs from the head of the coloured people, taking jit, on account of the red colour, by mistake for meat. The Aguila vulturina is very rare here, of which we only saw a few; it is a very shy bird, of a noble appearance and of great courage. I witnessed one day, with a Hottentot servant, on the Cedar Mountains, one of these birds attacking a tiger, or Cape leopard. We were standing on a precipice, looking down below, when the eagle drove the leopard back into its retreat in the rocks. The best way of shooting this bird, is by hunting with dogs in those mountains, as it is sure he will soon follow the party on the wing above their heads, in order to catch the hare, rabbit, or buck, which are started from their cover before the dogs catch them. They are more numerous in the Cedar Mountains, where we obtained eleven specimens by that mode of hunting. We met, for the first time, the Coracias Angolensis ? along the banks of the Caledon River. It is a fine bird, of a light blue colour, and is smaller than our jay. It feeds principally upon locusts and ants. A large species of Ibis lives also about the river; we received one specimen from a farmer, who shot it with a bullet, on account of its being so very shy, by which mode it was much damaged. Its principal colour is white, with black-tipped wings. It much resembles a stork, seen at a distance, from which it is however easily distinguished by its curved bill and short legs. 1 have seen once on the Stormbergen, about 6000 feet elevation, a con- siderable number of these birds; they were feeding on locusts, with which that country swarmed at that time. The parties, who were waiting on both banks of the Cale- don River for its fall, to a suitable depth, became every day more numerous, and the neighbouring plains, which are exten- sive, were filled with thousands of cattle and sheep; some belonging to emigrant and travellers, others to traders, who brought them from the interior for the markets at Graham's Town or Algoa Bay. Some of our neighbours, in order to BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 321 pass their time away, made frequently use of the cargo of a dealer in wine and spirits, who were, like us, on the way to the interior, and was arrested in his proceeding by that river. Merriment and joy were their first entertainment, which was often followed, as usual on such occasions, with fighting and quarrelling. Their party split one day in two, and they pronounced war with each other, and soon entered the field of battle with guns, instead of as formerly with clubs, or with the fist. We were no less in danger by this proceeding, as the party on our side of the river, without asking our permission, considered it safer to use, in such circumstances, our waggons as a battery, from which they intended to effect an assault; the ground being so level, and no other shelter here about. They were arrayed already in a line of battle, and considering their excited, frantic gestures, and yelling noise, we prognosticated a heavy musket-fire and some lives lost. After a short while, however, through the eloquence of their principal speakers, the matter was quite amicably settled, without there being a shot fired. _ As there was no hope left that we could cross that river Ih any other way, except with the aid of a raft or boat, and the social intercourse with our neighbours becoming ob- viously every day more annoying to us, we were very glad, after some fruitless attempts, to persuade one farmer, be- longing to the above-mentioned club, to borrow a boat from one of his relations, living at the Orange River, which was, however, very small. For that reason it occupied a couple of days before we effected our transit. We were obliged to take Our waggons to pieces, and bring them over, piece after plece, together with the other things. We left the opposite banks directly after we had put every thing right again, calling as we went on, at several emigrant stations, about the environs of the Caledon River, in order to receive a number of sheep from them, as provision for our party. Having settled this matter, we continued our journey over a ss plain, of very luxuriant vegetation, and bounded 322 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. by detached, flat-topped, sandstone hills, leaving openings through which we entered into other plains, till we reached the main route again, leading from the Caledon River to- wards the interior. The heat was very great about noon that day; in consequence, we experienced a heavy shower of rain ; we proceeded on our journey during the most frightful crashes of thunder, till we were stopped at the foot of a little steep hill; the ground being too slippery for our oxen to bring the waggons up. We were detained here for another two days, the showers of rain falling incessantly ; and after we went on again, we were surprized by other showers, which inundated for some time the level plain in a moment, and we had to wade often to our knees through the water along the route. We passed a small river, a tributary of the Caledon, called the Wilgespuiht; the name is evidently given by Dutch emigrants of late years, who choose to travel over this tract; and on account of the many waggons of the emigrants which have travelled since that route, it is already as wide and open as the main routes within the colony. The country assumed an uniform and dreary aspect, the more we ad- vanced gradually towards a more elevated region ; its scenery, as wellas its vegetation, presenting for miles, nearly the same things and objects in repetition. There is scarcely any bush or tree, except at the side of precipices on those hills with flat-topped summits, where the dark-looking evergreen, Olea (?) seems to be purposely called into existence, to con- ceal the dreary disagreeableness of the barren, rufous-looking sandstone rocks. The most extensive orders of plants prevailing about these regions are the Gramineæ, undoubtedly, with regard to the number of individuals; they became, however, more scarce as we went on, in comparison i the neighbourhood of the Caledon River. The increasing elevation of the country causes most likely that change, as also the great numbers of small and large game occupying the hills and dales of that undulated rugged tract; and which BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 323 are the only inhabitants who claim these lonely and dreary- looking spots as their home. We crossed here a few small branches of the Riet River, which joins the Madder River, or Maap; the latter is a tributary of the Vaal River; its junction with the latter is about 29° south latitude, and 24° 40/ east longitude. . Having travelled for some distance over an elevated crest- like ridge of hills, sloping towards east and west, we de- scended again from a moderately high ground towards an extensive plain; which we considered no great distance from Taba Uncha, the capital of Morocco, a Betchuana chief. It was already dark in the evening when we entered the plain. The soil was of a very stiff loam, and soaked with water from the heavy rains, with a surprizing luxuriant growth of grasses, chiefly Saccharinee, which were, for the greater part, four feet in height, As the ground was quite level, and no accident was to be feared, we continued our journey in the darkness, with the hope of approaching Morocco's residence as near as possible that night. We were dread- fully annoyed by myriads of mosquitoes, which filled the air. in columns, so that it was scarcely possible to take breath, for they were drawn into the lungs when inhaling the air, besides the annoyance of their smell. This plain seemed to be very favourable for these torturing beings, and we never met in any other place so many as here. The nume- Tous fires on the hills in front, made us believe that we were hear the capital, and we gladly unyoked our teams, which had a very hard pull over a stiff muddy surface that evening. We took our night quarters at the side of a small stony ridge, and hearing the voices of many people, we considered Ourselves to be near the place of destination. We detected, however, the next morning our mistake, and that we only had approached the first outposts of Morocco’s people. À The Striga coccinea, (n. 1977), a pretty little parasitical plant, inhabiting like Orobanche Phelpea or Harveya, (n. 22,) and growing on roots of several plants, made their appearance 324 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. between the stones near our place, their lovely red large- lobed flowers, ranged in spikes, with their stalks seven or eight inches long, contrasting most agreeably amidst the green colour of other plants. A few Hermannias, Solanum Melon- genas (n. 1258), and a plant belonging to Gentianee, and nearly related to Sebæa (n. 1192), with perennial roots, only five or six inches high, were added to our collection. Some of Morocco's herdsmen, who had their temporary abode a short distance from our camp, and who presented us with baskets filled with milk for our early breakfast, in expectation of an equivalent in tobacco, informed us that we had to travel for several hours, before we could arrive at Taba Uncha. Many of Morocco's people passed our waggons as we went on; some were on their way towards the boundary of the colony. The men were armed, either with guns or with javelins; some were clothed in European dresses, others wore their national dress, made of sheepskin. They drove oxen before them, loaded with leathern bags, filled with the produce of their fields and gardens; such as Caffer corn, Indian corn, or pumpkins, they bring these articles to the farmers lately emigrated from the colony, who were living at that time near the Orange and the Caledon Rivers, and who have no cultivated land or gardens. "They generally sell these things in exchange for sheep, or tobacco. At our arrival at Taba Uncha, we were agreeably surprized at seeing its extent and the peculiar construction and uniformity of their houses, which correspond so correctly with the faithful description from the able pens of Mr. Burchell, and Professor Lichtenstein, who visited many years ago some of these tribes, that it is hardly worth to repeat again what they have already so clearly explained, about the manners of these tribes, and their mode of hus- bandry. : Taba Uncha is the central place of the main body of the Borolongs, a sub-tribe of the Betchuana nation, who were ~ conquered by the same Zoola despot, Moselekato, about BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 325 twenty-two years ago, and deprived of their native soil like many other tribes residing thereabout. They fled into Moshoosa's dominions afterwards, who gave them a suitable tract of land to occupy. The main body of that tribe have concentrated themselves since at this place, and have chosen itas the residence of their chieftain, called Morocco. The town consists of several hundred houses, and upwards of eight thousand inhabitants. A missionary station is attached to this extensive place, belonging to the Wesleyan Mis- sionary Society, where the Rev. R. Giddy was the only missionary at that time, by whose indefatigable exertions it may be expected, civilisation and christianity will show ere long its beneficial effects over this interesting tribe. The real good effect of the labours of missionaries, however, will be felt more afterwards, when the children of this people bave grown up, as it is one of the principal anxieties of that zealous missionary, to foster religious principles and good habits in the minds of the rising generation, that they may become afterwards useful members of society. A printing Press is also attached to this station, superintended by Mr. Giddy, who showed us many sheets printed here in the Betchuana language. . The Spacious plain on which the town is built, being con- siderably elevated above the neighbouring plains and valleys below towards south and west, serves as pasturage for their Young domestic animals, and for those which they want for daily food or other purposes, and was stocked with many hundreds of several descriptions. Large tracts of fertile soil in the valleys and plains below were cultivated to a great extent, and planted with Indian corn, Caffer corn (Sorghum Usorum, N. ab E.), as also with pumpkins, and a small kind of bean. Other parties of this people, who serve as out- Posts, reside at a greater or less distance from the capital. We had placed our waggons and tent at some distance from the town, at the western extremity of a long ridge of a hills, °pposite the house of the missionary, not wishing to be too 326 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. close neighbours to the natives, to prevent our people from becoming too intimate with the inhabitants, which often tends to serious misunderstandings between the par- ties. As it was one of the chief objects, to collect the rarer kind of animals, and especially those of the Antelopes, as being the special favourites of the Earl of Derby; it was indis- pensable, we should visit such places, where we knew game was not yet exhausted by the guns and traffic of the emi- grants, who already occupied the greater part of the country which was inhabited formerly by these animals. Knowing the rapid advance of the Dutch emigrants towards the interior, little hope was left that we should sueceed, where they had already settled for a while; and we only expected success by going beyond their set- tlement, more towards the north into the interior. Con- sidering the extent of country, which the Betchuana nation occupies, it was very probable, that we should fall in with some remnants of that tribe in those remote regions; wé thought it necessary to provide us with an interpreter and guide, as the opportunity seemed more favourable here than at any further place. Mr. Giddy, to whose kindness and much valuable information, especially respecting this tribe, we are greatly indebted, communicated our object to Morocco, and by thus recommending us to the latter, we received two trustworthy men as guide and interpreter; and before we left the place, Morocco, with two of his brothers and several of his councillors paid us several visits, and seemed highly satisfied with the manner they were enter- tained in our camp. The view at 'Taba Uncha, more properly called Tawanchu, is bounded by various hills, chiefly composed of a reddish sandstone; some of them rising to the rank of mountains towards its eastern flanks. Wood is exceedingly scarce here, — and grows chiefly towards the higher part of these hills, where it is nearly already exhausted on account of the nume- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 327 rous population of the town. The hills and dales are clothed with a fine verdure of grass and many other herbaceous plants. A little Dianthus, (n. 81); Silene cernua? (n. 84); Hermannia, (n. 105); Corchorus serræfolius, Burch., (n. 148 !); Lotononis calycina, Benth., (n. 406); Lessertia, (n. 461); Herniaria, (n. 611) ; Kohautia, (n. 757, and another species, n. 759); Helichrysum, (n. 881); Lactuca, n. (1036); Sebaca, (n. 1192); Solanum, (n. 1958); Striga coccinea, (n. 1278); Alectra, (n. 1311) ; Rhytiglossa, (n. 1398) ; Boer- haavia pentandra, (n. 1433); Phyllanthus, (n. 1507); Eu- Phorbia, (n. 1543) ; were the principle species of plants flowering at this period about the environs of the place. The general character of the country with regard to vege- tation is similar to that of the Caledon River, and is stocked with many species of Cyperacee and Gramineæ as being the predominant orders of plants here; of which are the genera Cyperus, Mariscus, Kyllingia, Ficinia, Elinurus, Heteropogon, Andropogon, Anthistiria, Arthratherum, Chloris, Brizopyrum, Eragrostis, Brachypodium. Ovwing to its elevated situation, the climate is liable to sudden changes from hot to cold, especially when the thunder storms prevail, of which we experienced a very awful one, one evening attended with a furious gale of wind, which tore our tent nearly to pieces, and broke the fold in which our sheep were kept during night, As they strayed about, through the accident, during the night, we had great trouble the next morning in finding them and bringing them together, and not without the loss of several. f When we left Taba Uncha, which is situated about 28° 35’ south, latitude, and 27° 30' eastern longitude, we tra- velled a considerable way between many acres of cultivated ground, planted with various kinds of vegetables, promising dance to this industrious people. The country in _ Beneral over which we passed had an undulated appearance, and after travelling for a distance of about six miles, we fell m with another missionary station, called Ramootshe, -328 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. peopled by Koranas, a sub-tribe of the Hottentot race, with the same feature, language, and habits. We missed how- ever here that industry which were so conspicuous about their neighbours we had left shortly before. It seemed they depend chiefly upon their stock of cattle and sheep; but many who have none or only a small number, are obliged to hunt after game for their subsistance; of which we wit- nessed several hundreds passing our waggons on the route. Some of them were armed with guns, others with spears, and followed by a numerous train of dogs when they com- menced hunting on both sides of the route, the country here about being inhabited by thousands of game of various description. Judging from the houses of the missionary as we passed by, this station seemed to be established only since a recent date, and may grow to more importance in after years, by following the good example of their indus- trious neighbours. On passing by, we added several species of plants to the collection; one like an Indigofera (n. 473), a creeping Rynchosia, (n. 509) ; Nemesia, (n. 1264) ; Lantana, (n. 1371); a gigantic growing Andropogon, (n. 1799); An- dropogon, (n. 1802). The country became more open after we had passed that station, and as we travelled partly over an elevated plain, the view became more extended towards the Witteberg mountain chain, running north-east and south-west, and inclining considerably in the north-easterly direction ; where they presented also detached gaps, allowing a view far be- yond,to a country seemingly of a very mountainous cha- racter. As there was an abundance of game, we halted here one day, in order to shoot some for provision, and as we were straggling over hills and dales to realize our object, we fell in with a family of Bushmen at their temporary dwelling, which was erected with some boughs of trees, and covered with a kind of sedge. It was placed in such a position as to keep — off the storms, and was covered on the weather-side. It — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 329 being erected on an elevated ridge, probably chosen by the inmates, for observing the game at a considerable distance, and to prepare them at their hiding-places for an opportu- nity of shooting them with poisoned arrows. Game was very abundant here ; a great quantity of skulls and bones of these animals strewed about their court-yard, showed suffi- ciently that they were successful, and made frequent use of the wild animals which roam about here. We did mot expect that there was any living being when approaching that place, till we were surprized by a lean, little and filthy- looking bushman, who was armed with bow and quiver, filled with arrows. He advanced towards us with marks of fear and curiosity ; and although we tried, by making signals, to enter with him into conversation, it was all in vain; the wretched expression of his physiognomy left very little hope that he would understand any thing, except what is ne- cessary for him to preserve his life in that lonely wilderness. He seemed much pleased with a present of tobaceo, which has been, most likely, the reason of his servility, and for Which he met us already at a distance from his residence, that he might have some of that highly esteemed narcotic. Re- membering the fate of Captain Harris's team of oxen, some years previous, about this track, we took great caution to Secure our team against any visit during night from these merciless butchers, and continued our journey early next morning. Travelling for some hours over an open, but somewhat undulated tract, with some scattered flat topped hills, till we arrived at the height of a deep and wide valley, at the bottom of which the “Gy Koup,” or Great Vet River runs, a pe- Tiodical stream, which we crossed somewhat below its Source, | pce. In descending the slope on its left side, our attention was attracted by the change which took place with regard to Vegetation towards that depressed locality, in the occurrence of several kinds of plants, hitherto not observed on our route, belonging to a more northerly and hotter climate. VOL, v. B B 330 -BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Pierodiscus speciosus, Hook. (n. 1203), and Menodora afri- cana, Hook. (n. 1132), seem to be only casual occupants of this remote region. Their occurrence here may be attributed in some respect to the depressed situation, and the shelter they receive from the high slopes on both sides of that river, against the cold and inclement weather which prevails on these more elevated plains during winter. The difference with regard to vegetation between an open country, exposed to the influence of cold weather and to the scorching south- eastern trade winds, and that of deep valleys or glens, shel- tered against those disadvantages, is most remarkable within the colony, towards the southern sea-shores, which must strike every visitor of an observing mind with rapture when approaching the forest scenery in the mountains near the Plattenberg's Bay, or the deep ravines of the Louri and the Van-Stades Rivers. "There the hills and elevated plains are clothed with short brushwood, or with herbs and grasses. Occasionally may be seen on these open tracts, some scat- tered clumps of shrubs, composed of species which grow, under more favourable circumstances, to lofty forest trees in the forests in the deep dells of the immediate neigh- bourhood. The air in them is ever moist, for the constantly blowing south-eastern wind has scarcely any access to it to carry off the moisture of the atmosphere, and being warmed by the rays of the sun, the heat is often very intense, height- ened by the moisture of the atmosphere, so essential to the luxuriant growth of that peculiar vegetation. The want of pro- tection against the influence of the scorching south-eastern trade winds seems a great hindrance to the greater extension of South African forest scenery over a more level and open tract of country. On some places, as at the Kneisna, Zizi- kamma, Krakakamma, the Olifantshoeck, where the expanse of the sea-shore is favourable for attracting the moisture carried by the trade winds passing over a great ocean, forests may be seen of considerable extent, spreading over an open and somewhat level tract; but even here they generally prefer the southern flanks of hills, facing the moist breezes. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 331 from the ocean, leaving the northern slopes of the hills open, covered with luxuriant-growing pasturage. It is quite en- chanting to a stranger, who rambles towards the top of these rushy or grassy hills, in a southern direction, when he at once beholds before him an extent of dense tropical forest scenery, which he is scarcely able to penetrate. As the air is generally much impregnated with moisture about these de- pressed tracts along the sea-shore, the heat is very intense during summer, and, consequently, rains fall frequently, giving the freshness and luxury of a tropical vegetation. We entered the temporary territory and jurisdiction of the Dutch emigrants immediately after crossing the ** Gy Koop,” or Great Vet River, and it seemed that several difficulties awaited us on its right bank. The emigrants had already heard of our approach, and that we intended to proceed through their territory towards the interior. As the greater part of them had no idea that we could venture on an ex- pensive journey, only for the sake of science, they evidently Suspected us to be spies. "They suspected Captain Harris in the same way when he went into the interior. As it happened that I was at that same time on a journey towards the Vaa] River, with the intention of entering Moselecatse's territory by that route; many told.me that two officers Went towards the interior, to present Moselecat with two loads of guns and ammunition, in order to enable that chief to attack the emigrants. The fact was, that Moselecat sur- Prized and murdered several families of the emigrants some time before Captain Harris entered that territory. It was also fortunate that the Zoola's army had no fire-arms with them when they made the assault, otherwise they would have the more suspected Captain Harris, who showed himself after- wards to be their impartial friend in bringing before the eyes ofthe public at home the many grievances which brought _ them to that desperate resolution, to quit for ever the land of their birth. Many of them will scarcely dream of the Sood intentions that officer had in their favour, as they scarcely read any thing except the Holy Scriptures. It hap- | BB2 332 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. pened, by chance, that we met an emigrant who resided on that side of the river, just as we had crossed it, with whom I made several hunting excursions some years before, towards the Wittebergen, and who entertained us with marks of great kindness. We heard here the first intelligence of the early appearance of the horse sickness in the country, which proved a great obstacle in the way of our proceeding. As the great object of the expedition was to collect the young - of the different kinds of antelopes, especially alive, we could do nothing without the aid of good horses; but seeing the approach of the distemper, it would have been useless to purchase these animals before the time of that disease was over, as it is considered that the greater part of the horses are swept off during its prevalence. As it was very uncer- tain if we could procure horses farther in the interior, we had to be content to wait in this part of the country till all danger was over. As the emigrants had constituted a law, that no stranger should pass through that territory they occupy, without having their permission; we were warned already by some, not to proceed without the precaution of obtaining a pass- port from the Field-cornet of the frontier division. Being detained through the appearance of the horse-sickness, and finding sufficient employment in collecting natural curiosities, we did not hasten to make application to that functionary for our passports. The curiosity of that venerable gentie- man, however, to see us, was very great, and did not allow him to wait foran application. He paid on the following Sunday a visit to our host, close to whom we had pitched our tent. [As they were seemingly in fear of their sur- rounding barbarous neighbours, they prohibited the impor- tation and selling of gunpowder and fire-arms to those native tribes, and had confiscated and sold the waggon and cargo of a trader, whom they had proved to smuggle such articles - to them. As it is not allowed by the Colonial Government to carry gunpowder and arms over the boundaries, without — permission, and having one to that effect, we thought it the © BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 333 best to show our permission to them, in order that they might see we were no smugglers. The consequence, how- ever, was contrary to what we expected, and instead of satisfying them by this document, they were rather affronted with it, and persisted in declaring that no government could force them by an order to allow gunpowder to pass through their territory. We attempted to explain to them the real meaning of the permission; that it was intended only to show to the colonial public functionaries, that we might be allowed to pass unmolested over the boundaries; but they became the more insolent during this interview, and the close of it would probably have been a scuffle with bludgeons and horsewhips, were it not for the timely interference of our kind and friendly host, himself a wealthy and influential man amongst them, who rebuked them severely on their rude conduct towards us. This had the good effect of ealming down their tempers. When they returned home that afternoon, we shook hands as good friends, and received the assurance that we might go wherever we liked, that nobody should hinder us on our way: Although many plants about the environs of this river were similar to those we had already observed along the country over which we had travelled since we had left the colony, yet it was inte- Testing to meet with some species, here for the first time, differing from the rest of the Flora of that country. The Menodora, the Pterodiscus, and a fine species of a herbaceous Erythrina, (n. 531), are a few examples; they grow in a stiff loamy soil in the immediate neighbourhood of the river, as also Cissampelos ? (n. 9) ; Sida Capensis, (n. 101) ; Hibiscus trionum ? (n. 90); Rhus? (n. 334); Indigofera, (n. 475); a? (n. 600); Ofhonna ? (n. 995); Tripteris ? (u. 1008); Teucrium Capense, (n. 1351); Achyranthes? (n. 435); a fine Utricularia? (n. 1426), floating in pools of resh rain water. Along the slopes of the hills joining the "Ir, in rocky situations are fine species of Kalanche, (n. 671); Ipomea, (n. 1221); Convolvulus? (n. 1280) ; Tri- (n. 1250); a fine species of Blepharanthus ? 334 BOTANICAL INFORMATION, (n. 1404), with a suffruticose stem and fine blue flowers; : Ruellia ? (n. 1413) growing out of the fissures of the rocks, with large ovate capitula; Blepharis satureiæfolia, (n. 1410) ; Thumbergia Capensis? (n. 1419); a very fine species of Trichonema? (n. 1604), with large purple flowers growing _ likewise between the fissures of the rocks; Cyperus? (n. 1748); Chetaria, (n. 1816) ; Eragrostis ? (n. 1840). . Game was rather scarce in the immediate neighbourhood of the Great Vet River on account of the many emigrants, who had settled about here. We met here for the first time Lamprotornis Burchellii, Smith, a fine kind of starling, with a green and shining plumage, like that of L. aurata, but of a much larger size, and with a longer tail. The Euplectis Tahe, Smith, a small finch, inhabiting the ridges on moist places, and very swift on the wing, made likewise its first appear- ance here, as also a fine species of Pterocles gutturalis, Smith, together with the Namaqua partridge, Pterocles Namaquana, Tem.; they frequent the rivers generally in large coveys ~ during day for the sake of the water. The news of the early appearance of the horse distemper had induced the many emigrant farmers, who lived about here, to send their horses to an elevated tract at some days" distance, on a flat-topped Table Mountain, to keep them - there till all danger was over. It is. believed by the greater part of the farmers, that the luxuriant growth of the grass, after drenching rains, when it has been very dry before, will cause this distemper; and the same they believe will be effected by the dew in the morning, both assumptions, how- — ever, are scarcely credible. If these animals are sent in | time before the disease has commenced below, to such elevated places, they are perfectly safe, provided the eleva- tion is sufficient to occasion an equal temperature during day .— and night. If that object is realized, there is no farther danger: be it ever so dry, after heavy rains, the grass grows i luxuriantly. All is safe when there is only an equal propor- tion with regard to temperature between day and night, à which is always the case on those. high regions, where the — BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 335 air has a free circulation ; provided they are not exposed to the influence of snow fields, of which there are none in these yet explored parts of South Africa. It is interesting during Winter in many parts of the colony, in a frosty night, to ascend from a low country towards an elevated tract or mountain, where the change that takes place is obvious to very one; he feels himself transported within an hour or two, from a frosty winter night to a mild and pleasant climate. On account of this equality of temperature, flies and other insects live and enjoy themselves in those regions, as do the several kind of swallows, considered to be migra- tory birds, but which remain during winter where they find their food constantly. They are absent for ‘some months in the country below, although the temperature is much higher during the middle of the day, but having frosty nights. _As it was necessary to wait till the period of the horse sickness was over, and as it was necessary for our purpose to get horses of a good quality, we thought it would be desirable to proceed to the mountainous country, to choose amongst many hundreds of these animals, such as would afterwards be worth our purchasing. We expected at the Same time, to make comparatively better acquisitions on those mountain regions, belonging still to the high Witte- berg Mountain chain, in Zoology and Botany. We passed the little Vet River soon after we had left the former ; both ?re nearly of the same size, and join each other some miles her below where we forded it. Immediately after passing the little Vet River, we left the main road, leading towards € interior in a north westerly direction, and steered towards fast to the distant mountain range, faintly perceptible from our position here, We passed several parties of emigrants, Immediately we left that route, who had settled near the banks of a small river called * Laayspruit,” a tributary of the little Vet River. Some marshy places in this valley Were highly ornamented with Gladiolus psittacinus (n. 1624). ng just now in full blossom, they formed natural flower in front of some houses of several of the farmers. 336 BOTANICAL INFORMALTION. As they grow for the most part on an arable soil, destined by the emigrants for kitchen gardens, they must make room by and by for more useful culinary purposes. We entered into a trackless, but open wilderness, directly we had passed the little colony of the emigrants, being without trees or bushes, but covered with dense carpets of grasses. The country presented a vast undulated surface, as far as the eyes could reach, sparingly interspersed at remote distances, with rocky hills. This extended desert was seemingly only inhabited by thousands of game, and animals of prey, as we did not fall in with any human being, nor with any traces of a recent visit by them, we took up our quarters the first night near a periodical pool, filled with water during the rainy season. Many a bulb of the beautiful Crinum roseum, showed their long narrow leaves above the surface of the ` water. Asthey flower early in the spring, we were not so fortunate to see the ponds ornamented with those splendid flowers. The favourable opportunity amongst crowds of game, invited us to remain one day on that spot. On an excursion the next day towards a depressed tract, I started three lions out of the dry bed of a small periodical river, just as I was collecting specimens of Crotalaria distans, Benth., flowering on its immediate banks. They were much alarmed on seeing me standing nearly perpendicularly above their heads, as they had taken shelter in the shade beneath some steep rocks, against the effect of a burning sun, for no trees or shrubs could be seen here. Although the two females took — flight, and soon disappeared; the male, which was a fine — full-zrown specimen of the black-maned variety, as soon as he recovered from the first impression of fear, and seeing no other opponent than me, walked off with great dignity, looking back over his shoulders at me at intervals, till he entered again the channel about a mile higher up. I went - tothe waggons, and returned with several of our party fo the spot again, but we were disappointed, as he started again — just as we were nearly within gun-shot of him, giving n9 - chance to us of becoming proprietor of his long black-maned — skin. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 337 It was nearly night when we returned towards our camp, Punyer having shot a fine male specimen of the blessbock. After we had skinned him in the best manner during the dusk, we proceeded homewards, laden with trophies of our sport, but not without falling many times over large ant hills, or sinking into holes made by the ant-eaters, it being very dark. À pair of kafir cranes, Grus Pavonia, the first we had seen ` during our journey, repeatedly pronounced their name, “ Ma- hem, Mahem," as they passed over our camp. These birds are so called by the Kossa Kaffirs in allusion to the sound they utter. It seems they usually resort to that pond during night, and were deprived of that convenience, since We encamped so near it. As we were leaving our station again the next morning, steering in the same easterly direc- tion as the former day, we beheld before us, at a moderate distance, the mountain range, running in a north-easterly direction, but sloping down considerably. About a dozen wild dogs, (Lycaon typicus, Smith}, an animal nearly the size of our European wolf, and of a similar slender form, was disturbed by our waggons among some sedges where they had concealed themselves, most likely after they had made an early breakfast. Their swiftness is astonishing when they _ are racing after antelopes ; neither the fleet springbock, the hartebeest nor the blessbock escapes ; they pursue, through thousands of other game, the one with which they have com- Menced the race, nor cease till it falls a victim. Ruppel’s - Lycaon pictus is found also in South Africa; though rare, I have seen several times small troops about the forests towards: the eastern frontier. The striped hyæna, which is frequently met with towards northern Africa, is likewise uncommon m South Africa. I had only once an opportunity of getting . * Specimen during a night-hunt, with the assistance of a pack - 9f faithful dogs, near the Bushman River. pue — Travelling over an undulated country, the depressed Parts were often intersected with trenches, caused by heavy VOL. v. HO. CO 338 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. rains often impeded our course, and formed strings of pools, in which we found the Lagarosiphon muscoides, Harv. (n. 1732) ; an aquatic plant, figured in * Hooker's London Journal of Botany." We collected both male and female flowering specimens of this curious little plant, the latter only bear their flowers on long peduncles, by means of which they reach the surface of the water. As the male flowers grow on short peduncles, enclosed in a common spatha, they remain constantly immersed. Many of them detached from the plant after their perfect envelopment, were floating on the surface amongst the female flowers, to fulfil their function, as in Vallisneria. A Marsilea, another aquatic plant, but without fructification, was likewise spar- ingly distributed amongst the former plants. We arrived towards evening at the foot of a conical hill, being the extremity of a spur of that range, towards which we had bent our course during the last few days; and we took up our quarters here for the night. A few plants, just flowering and growing towards the flanks and top of that hill, were gathered ; one, resembling a Psoralea, n. 449, with blue flowers, growing in shady, rocky places ; as also a peren- nial Composita, n. 1041, the leaves somewhat similar to an Achillea. Amongst grasses, in a sheltered situation, towards the top, I noticed the Alepidea Amatymbica, an umbelliferous plant, first discovered on the Winterberg chain, in the Tam- buki country ; a small Thysantha, and n. 645, a crassulaceous plant, growing in the shade, under some rocks, flowering likewise, were added to the collection. While shaping our course next day towards the nearest point of the main range of mountains, now only a short distance in front of us, we fell in with a well beaten road, opened but a few years ago, by the main bodies of the Dutch emigrants, on their march towards the Natal country. We pursued that road for a few hours, leading us in a north-easterly direction, till we came to some small parties of emigrants, who had made a temporary abode near a small periodical brook. A moderately high hill, in BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 339 the neighbourhood, was (a rare instance in an elevated coun- “try like this), densely clothed with the Acacia Capensis, Burch.; and wood being exceedingly scarce throughout the whole country, from the banks of the Orange River as far as the neighbourhood of the distant Macalis Mountains to the north, with the exception of a few thinly-wooded banks of rivers, the people had chosen this spot for the advantage thus offered them in the abundance of fuel and the materials for making cattle-folds and enclosures for their flocks of sheep, a matter of vast importance in a country like this, infested with numerous animals of prey, of the fiercest description. As we were only a few miles distant from that Table Mountain, on which the greater body'of horses of the emi- grants had been kept during the horse-sickness, and we were obliged to remain here till the danger of that period was con- sidered to be Over, we were anxious to make the best use of Our time. A line of detached mountains, at a short dis- tance, being the north-eastern spurs of the Witteberge mountain chain, had gradually diminished in height ; ‘and in grandeur during its course from the northern boundary of the Tambuki country, and seemed to promise a sue- cessful harvest of objects of natural history. In a few hours we reached the first range, and encamped in a grove of trees, chiefly composed of the Acacia Capensis, and amidst Many ruins of deserted Betchuana villages, whose inhabi- tants had lived here peacefully and in wealth, perhaps from time immemorial, till their southern neighbours, of idle and plundering habits, proud in their superiority of fire-arms, preyed on the possessions and industry of that peaceful race ; Who finally were compelled, by the panic caused by the inroad of the Zooluh invaders in 1824, to abandon the soil of their ancestors and migrate to a spot safer, although less fertile than their former home. — Con dci As an instance of cruelty, which is still going on in these Parts of the country, it may be worth mentioning a fact, Which occurred at the time of our short stay here. A few families of that once opulént race were living only a few | cc? 340 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. miles distant from our camp, at the bottom of the same mountain, seemingly under an impression that they were sufficiently safe because residing near some emigrants. They chiefly depended on the produce of the soil, and supplied us frequently with vegetables, pumpkins, Indian corn, and milk; for they possessed a small number of cattle, which they had earned from the emigrants, for wages as herdsmen, or in exchange for vegetables. However, they were surprised one day by a party of marauders from the south, who were armed with guns. They took the few cattle from these defenceless creatures, and killed several men who attempted to defend their property. Some of our party met these villains, as they returned homewards from that roving expe- dition, riding on horseback, with their booty before them. We communicated what had occurred, to our neighbours the emigrants, who were very sorry to hear such dis- tressing news, for they liked the Betchuana people, and declared they found them of great advantage, both from the supply of their vegetables and the service they rendered as trustful herdsmen. But in order to avoid any misrepresenta- tion, they observed strict neutrality amongst these tribes, and declined to assist either party. However, they declared, should any party lay hold of the property, they would cer- tainly teach them a lesson not to repeat it a second time. These villains find a ready market for plundered cattle near the colonial boundary, where traders frequently resort ; and it being no easy task to distinguish an honest proprietor from a criminal, in a lawless country like this, they will carry on that horrible practice till fire-arms come into general use amongst those Betchuanas, to prevent the illegal practice of freebooting. There being already many individuals at the missionary stations who carry fire-arms, freebooting has diminished considerably of late years, and is chiefly practised upon small parties, living beyond the bounds of protection from the main body of their tribes, As we had scarcely seen any of the Acacia Capensis since leaving the banks of the Orange river, the occurrence of BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 341 those trees was the less expected here at a more elevated spot, than their highest limits at the banks of the Orange River. From the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, the graceful tree in question is the chief ornament of the banks of that majestic river for many hundred miles, disappearing a few miles higher up than where we forded, an altitude of more than 4000 feet above the level of the sea. Comparing the eleva- tion of our present station with the level of the Caledon river, where it runs between us and the Draka’s mountain, in a line due south-east, the altitude of our present station cannot be less than 5000 feet. ‘The appearance of that kind of tree, at an isolated spot of considerable elevation, is very remarkable, and we did not see a similar instance in this part of the country. The sheltered situation cannot be the cause, for there are many places offering the same advantage ; nor can it be the nature of the soil that favours its growth. Whether this tree has been introduced many years ago by the natives who lived about this place, or what has been the original cause of its first transit to this isolated height, is difficult to conjecture. | The lofty range of the Witteberge mountains had changed its primitive character entirely, and instead of being a continuous barrier, as is the case from its first beginning for à considerable way, it consists here chiefly of detached hills, remarkable for their uniformity. The tops of most of them present a flattened table-like appearance, similar to many within the colony; and although their height is not considerable, the base on which they rest is already much elevated ; for which reason, when standing on the tops of Several of these hills, the view, east and south-east, seems unbounded, commanding a vast mountainous country, be- yond which may be seen the far distant, alpine-like chain of mountains, dividing the Natal country and that of various Kaffir tribes, from the interior. Towards the west and north, the eye was only prevented from gazing further, by the scene gradually melting into the far-distant horizon. The soil at the base of these hills, chiefly of a loamy nature, 342 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. mixed with decomposed particles of rocks, seemed very fer- tile. This was proved by the luxuriant growth of grasses along the hills, some species attaining a height of 4 or 5 feet, through which it was difficult to walk without follow- ing the footpaths of the natives, who live here in small parties scattered along the base of these hills, and depending chiefly or almost entirely on the produce of the soil. Although there was no scarcity of game in the neighbouring plains, the people had not the means of shooting it. We met them often on our excursions towards the precipices, on the tops of the hills, engaged in hunting the rock-rabbit and the rock-hare, which were plentiful, and which are driven out of their concealment amongst the fissures of rocks by little dogs, which enter those narrow places, when they are killed with clubs by the men. The rainy season, in this part of the country, was already over, vegetation was drying up rapidly, and the addition to our botanical collections, there- fore, bore little comparison to the time we were obliged to spend here, and the many rambles we made in every direc- tion through this part of the country. The only things of note we found in flower were a little Indigofera, n. 481, with a procumbent habit, on the edges of precipices on the rocks, exposed to the burning rays of the sun; in more shady places, sheltered by rocks, amongst a turf of grasses, grew the Thysantha, n. 645, Tetraphyle, n. 646, and Petrogeton, n. 650, all belonging to the Order Crassulacee. The Alepidea Ama- tymbica, Galium Thunbergianum ? n.771, Lastrea, n. 1863, at the same locality with the former. Along the flank of these hills, amongst large detached masses of rocks, together with some twining sorts of Asparagus and several kinds of Rhus, I observed the climbing Helinus ovatus, E. M. n. 317 (Willemitia scandens, E. and Z.), flowering, together with Pilogyne, n. 596, and forming a clustered mass, through which it was scarcely possible to proceed. I had a proof of this one day when returning homewards from an excursion late in the afternoon, over the plains of the table-topped hills. I had shot, about sunset, a wild dog (Lycaon ypicus), which I BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 343 desired to convey to our camp, but soon found it impracti- cable, on account of the great masses of rocks and the climb- ing shrubs along the slope down to the plain. Being obliged to take the skin off the animal, in order to carry it, darkness had set in ere I had finished the task, and not feeling inclined to stop all night at an unsafe spot like this, I sought the best mode of descending to the plain. On hands and knees I scrambled downwards, through clustered thick- ets and over rocks, but with the sacrifice of jacket and trou- sers, and receiving many scratches on my unprotected skin. Trees of Rhamnus celtifolia grow occasionally amongst the chaotic deposits of broken rocks, a conglomerate of pebbles and lime, detached from the strata of rocks, forming the top of these hills. These trees seldom exceed 25 or 30 feet, and seeming to require protection, their wood being very fragile, they find shelter between the spaces of these high blocks of rocks. The Heteromorpha trifoliata, and Fusanus compressus, likewise occupy here the same places as the former tree. Along the slope of these hills we noticed also, in a loamy soil, a fine little shrub, with large lilac flowers, much resembling Barleria obtusa, N. ab Esenb. n. 1415, and another creeping Acanthacea, n. 1409, with a habit different from those species which grow near the southern sea-shores ; the Blepharacanthus procumbens, N. ab E, a repent Hermannia, n. 103, with large rugose leaves, and Dicoma, n. 1025, a prostrate plant, belonging to Compo- site, growing amongst the grass on the plains, were added to the few plants collected here in flower. | It is in this range of detached mountains that the several tributaries of the Gariep, or Vaal River, begin; as the Vet River, the Sand River, Fals River, and the Rhinoster River, Tunning nearly at equal distances in an easterly direction, over boundless plains of meadows, of luxuriant growth. Having now reached about the 28° 20/ of eastern longitude, and 28° 10’ south latitude, we found with much satisfac- Hon, that the emigrants considered the unhealthy season over, and the destructive distemper of the horses also, for 344 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. they brought these animals down from the Table Mountain, on which they had been kept during that fearful time. Having purchased several, of a suitable quality, we proceeded, about the latter end of April, towards the interior. The general appearance of the country and the character of vegetation nearly resembling those tracts over which we had travelled since we left the Caledon River, very little of interest could be added to the collection, especially in botany ; it was also winter, and the dry season, when vegetation is almost para- lyzed. In every direction rose clouds of smoke, caused by the custom which the natives have of firing the dry grass. This they do, partly to encourage a new growth in the fol- lowing summer, but principally because they thus ensure an easy course over the plains, and also dislodge and exterminate numerous reptiles and beasts of prey, lions and others, which harbor among the luxuriant remains of vegetation. As the Ruminants living in these tracts, however numerous, can only consume a part of the rich pasturage, the practice of burning the dried vegetation, which is adopted by all the sub-tribes of the Betchuana nation, so far as we have been amongst them, to the remote distance near to the tropics of Capricorn, may have also a beneficial effect on the health of the people living in those parts, where the putrid matter of a rich vegeta- tion, during the hot and moist season, would undoubtedly generate miasma destructive to man, as is the case along the east coast, about Delagoa Bay, &c. Sometimes, how- ever, the aborigines are saved this trouble by myriads of locusts, which eat up every thing, scarcely leaving a blade in the tract over which they pass; and as these insects seem to please the native palate, great quantities are collected during | the time of their appearance, and turned to a useful purpose as food. (To be continued.) BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 345 Notes on the Botany of the Pyrenees, in a letter to the Editor, from RicnARD Spruce, Esq. (Continued from p. 142.) ... I proceeded up the Vallée d'Ossau as far as Louvie, by the Eaux-Bonnes' diligence, and from thence walked the remain- ing ten miles to Laruns, a little town, about half-way between the Eaux-Bonnes and the Eaux-Chaudes, where I had de- cided on taking up my quarters, with a view to avoiding the crowd of fashionables at these two watering-places. A little before arriving at Louvie begin the first range of the Pyre- nees and the forests of box-trees which form so striking a feature in those mountains. In my walk up the valley, I gathered Leskea attenuata, Hypnum abietinum and rugulosum, three mosses which are almost constantly found in company, Barbula vinealis, Orthotrichum stramineum, &c., besides Hera- cleum Pyrenacium, the pretty Melica ciliata, and a few other plants. | The little bamlet of Bagès (commune of Béost), which stands on the hill-side to the left of Laruns, is the residence of Pierre Gaston-Sacaze, the celebrated shepherd-botanist. I had letters to him from Mr. Bentham and Dr. Dufour, and the following morning I walked up to deliver them. As I . approached the house, I recognised on the neighbouring walls, and especially in the little garden through which I passed, Several alpines, which had been transported thither by the hand of Gaston. There was the Lithospermum Gastoni (his own plant, as he proudly called it), a new Erodium, lately distinguished by Dr. Bubagni, and named after its finder, M. Manescau, the present Mayor of Pau, Erodium Manes- cavi; several Saxifrages, Sedums, &c. Gaston himself is a fine specimen of the peasantry of the Vallée d'Ossau; tall, not handsome, but with thoughtful, intelligent features. His Story is well known, even in England, from the interesting Account given of him by Mrs. Ellis in her book on the Pyrenees. The little I have to add has been gleaned from 346 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. my conversation with him. His first knowledge of plants was obtained from a work which fell into his hands contain- ing descriptions of 200 species, useful as remedies for diseases of cattle. He made himself acquainted with all of these within his reach, and turned his knowledge to practical account in administering to his own flocks and herds as well as to those of his neighbours, by which he acquired consider- able reputation as a veterinarian. But he was soon not satisfied with this extent of knowledge and the thought was continually recurring to his mind, *I see around me hun- dreds of plants, which, if they do not possess the same sana- tive or deleterious properties as the others, are at least equally beautiful; why not study them also?" He at length determined to gratify his curiosity, and procured a copy of the Species Plantarum, of Linnzus ; this, however, he found to be written in Latin, a language of which he knew not one word. Still, he was not discouraged ; and happening to visit Pau, he found there a Latin dictionary on a bookseller's stall, which he purchased for the sum of nine sous! With no other aid than this, he set to work to teach himself Latin, and soon acquired a sufficient acquaintance with it to enable him to read Linnæus. He has now been for twenty years engaged in the study of botany, his researches being confined entirely to bis own valley, in which he enumerates 1800 species of flowering plants. To his botanical pursuits he has superadded those of entomology, geology, meteorology, paint- ing, &c.; but this diffusion of study is much to be regretted, as it effectually prevents him from becoming savant in any - one subject, and I could hardly style him with the amiable — Desmoulins, * Cet homme de génie qui, comme les bergers Chaldéens se firent astronomes, s’est fait seul, en gardant ses brebis, botaniste, peintre, musicien During the season of the * Eaux,” his time is entirely taken up by visitors from the — Eaux-Bonnes and Eaux-Chaudes, where he is looked on as a — lion which no one should go away without seeing. ‘This also — is injurious to him in preventing the severe daily application . which is absolutely necessary to render any one skilful, and — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 347 in tending to confine his. attention to the showy and super- ficial, to the exclusion of the solid, in the objects of his pursuit. I must in justice add, that he appears perfectly amiable and kind-hearted, and that his moral character is such as to command universal respect. After a glance at Gaston’s herbarium, we set out, at his recommendation to ascend the low mountain (la Montagne Verte) which lies between Bagés and Les Eaux-Bonnes. In ascending. we gathered fine specimens of Arnica montana, Vicia Orobus, DC., Cardamine. latifolia, Cochlearia saxatilis var. auriculata, Orthotrichum Hutchinsie and Ludwigii; and the summit was carpetted with Genista pilosa and the pretty Trifolium alpinum, the long woody root of which is chewed by the shepherds of the Pyrenees under the name of réglisse (liquorice). In descending by a different route, I gathered Mastigobryum deflexum, Lecidea ventosa, Biatora rivulosa, &c. My most interesting. herborisation in this neighbourhood Was made on the Pic de Ger, a mountain of about 8000 feet in height, which overlooks the Eaux-Bonnes. I ascended It, as far as practicable for the snow, on Monday the 30th of J une, in company with Pierre Gaston. We had arranged to make the attempt two days previously, but the morning looked cloudy and. threatening, and. Gaston was Wise enough to. stay at home; for myself, I. went as far as the Eaux-Bonnes ; and, except gathering Euphorbia. verru- Cosa and Alchemilla: alpina, all 1 got for my pains was a thorough soaking. I was besieged by a party of guides in the street of the Eaux-Bonnes, who would fain have per- Suaded me to engage the services of one of them to ascend Mountain, telling me that there was only “un peu de brouillard” which would shortly pass away, although it was at the time raining nearly as fast as it could pour. : On the Monday, the weather was everything that could be desired, with the exception of a burning. sun. which rendered the ascent very toilsome, especially to me, for I was not then *o inured. to climbing as I afterwards became. ‘We followed a Steep track made by the charcoal burners and shepherds, along 348 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. a gorge called “la Coume,” where we were mostly up to the neck in box-bushes. It was too dry and exposed to produce any Cryptogamia, and it was only after nearly two hours’ walking, when we reached the region of pines and the first snow, that I began to fill my vasculum. Here the south side of a ravine was strewed with decaying pine-trunks, brought down by the avalanches and melting snows of former years, and on them I reaped a rich harvest, especially of Hepalice. recognised on the spot, Jungermannia curvi- folia, Bantriensis, connivens, asplenioides, and some others, allin fructification ; but I was most pleased to gather fine fruit of Jung. exsecta, which has, I believe, never been seen in England. Some trunks were nearly covered with Hypnum Silesiacum, bearing fruit profusely, and I found along with it Buxbaumia indusiata, but very scarce. On stones in the same place, were fruited Hypnum Halleri and Lejeunia calcarea. My companion, not seeing much to interest him in the mosses I was collecting, strayed so far ahead of me that when I looked round for him he was out of sight and hearing, and though we sought each other for four hours, we met no more until we reached the foot of the mountain. I continued my upward progress in the direction I supposed he had taken and soon emerged on a plateau, called Las ' Tosses (les pacages) de Gesque, where in summer a few flocks find pasturage. In crossing this, I came upon large patches of ground entirely covered with Gentiana acaulis and verna, and Horminum Pyrenaicum. On attaining the rocks — called Pambécibé, at about three-fourths the whole height - of the mountain, where Dufour had indicated to me several — Lichens, I found them covered with snow, and perceived e that all further ascent would be useless. I gathered several interesting plants in the vicinity of the melting snow, such - as Androsace villosa, Ranunculus Pyreneus, Viola biflora, — Primula integrifolia, and Silene acaulis. The other plants — on the Pic de Ger, were Ranunculus Gouani, montanus and — Thora, Geum Pyrenaicum, Dryas octopetala, Silene quadrifida, 42 Hutchinsia alpina, Dentaria pinnata and Aspidium Lonchilis. — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 349 Gaston, who had gone more to the left and mounted some- what higher, brought me down Thalictrum macrocarpum, Grénier; Saxifraga aretioides, Lapeyr.; Veronica aphylla, Sedum atratum and a few other things. I must not omit to state that I gathered Saxifraga umbrosa, hirsuta, and Geum growing together, and I wish I could say not passing into each other. I feel satisfied, however, that if we will have two species, we must, to be consistent, admit three, the three above-named, which are admirably though briefly characterised in the second edition of Koch's Synopsis. I have seen few Sazifragee in the Pyrenees which might not safely be referred to one or the other of these, yet there are some Which appear exactly intermediate: between S, umbrosa and hirsuta, for example, I have observed a state possessing an expanded and cuneate petiole as in the former, and yet hairy in the entire upper surface, and another with leaves oblong- rotundate, tapering suddenly into the petiole (as in S. Air- suta) and yet the latter merely ciliate at the margins. As to the cuttings of the edges of the leaves, all the three vary from crenate to inciso-serrate. My shorter excursions around Laruns did not yield me much. The gorge of the Eaux-Chaudes, though not sur- passed in magnificence by any in the whole range, is very barren of Cryptogamia, as are indeed most of the trans- versal valleys of the Pyrenees; while the valleys parallel to the central ridge are on the contrary usually very rich. It was in this gorge I saw Tortulu paludosa for the first time, but the capsules were old and without peristome, and it was not until the end of autumn, when I found it in good state in a different locality, that I recognised it. In the axils of . the uppermost leaves of the barren plants, I observe almost Constantly certain roundish bodies, resembling the gemmae of Bryum annotinum, and supported like them on a short Pellucid jointed stalk, but composed of much smaller granules, I added also to my collection, Arabis alpina, Dianthus Monspessulanus, Helianthemum canum, Trifolium montanum, Teucrium Pyrenaicum, Globularia nana and medi- 350 : BOTANICAL INFORMATION. caulis, Carex sempervirens, Cephalogonium longipilum, B. et S. and several rock Lichens. My next destination, on quitting Laruns, was Cauteret, in the Hautes Pyrénées ; but I found it necessary to descend the Vallée d'Ossau to Pau, where I intended leaving my collections, and I had occupation for three or four days in drying and putting them away. On the 8th of July, I left Pau by the Cauteret diligence, intending to proceed as far as Argélez, where I had appointed to meet a botanical friend and countryman (Dr. S.) whose acquaintance I had formed at Pau, and in whose company I afterwards made most of my long excursions. Great part of the following day was devoted to an exploration of the environs of Pierrefitte, a village situated on the south side of the valley or plain of Argélez, at the junction of the Gaves de Pau and de Marcadaou, which descend respectively the gorges de Luz and de Cauteret. Here we gathered Hypericum Richeri, the end- lessly varying Scrophularia: Scopoli, Sedum sphericum, Lapeyr. ; S. hirsutum and atratum, Aira Valesiaca, a Melica which is either a most remarkable variety of M. ciliata or an undescribed species,* besides some interesting-looking Brya and other Cryptogamia. RICHARD SPRUCE. (To be continued.) * I add the following description from my notes.—Plant larger and | stouter than M. ciliata. Culm and sheaths more strongly striate; the : former leafy throughout, the uppermost leaf always reaching above the base of the panicle and sometimes attaining its summit (while in M. ciliata the — culm is leafless in its upper third). Leaves much longer and plane (not | involute). Panicle spiciform, compound (in M. ciliata simple). Spicula E lanceolate, narrower than in M. ciliata, usually enclosing two fertile 4 flowers. Upper calyx-valve half as long again as the lower (while in - M. ciliata the two are nearly equal), both pale on the back and less strongly nerved than in M. ciliata, which has the valves purple towards | the base, especially on the nerves, Lower palea of the lower fertile flower - densely ciliato-villose on a line parallel to and near the margin from the FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 351 Contributions towards a FrLoRA or SOUTH AMERICA. Enumeration of Plants collected by Sir Roszrr Scnow- BURGK, in British Guiana.—By GEonaxk BENTHAM, Esa. (Continued from Vol. IV. p. 674.) Cox voLvULACEX. 581. Maripa densiflora, sp. n., caule scandente glabro, foliis ovato-v. oblongo-ellipticis acuminatis glabris, paniculæ terminalis glabræ pedunculis brevibus confertim multifloris, bracteis minutis, sepalis exterioribus glabris interioribus extus basi sericeis, corolla sericeo-villosa.—On the Rio Padawire, Schomburgk. Caulis lignosus, alte scandens, ramulis sepe volubilibus. Folia coriacea, nitida, 4-6-pollicaria, iis M. scandentis iconis Aubletii simillima. Panicula subpedalis, pyramidata, basi foliata, subflexuosa, glabra. Pedunculi seu rami inferiores bipollicares, folio subtensi, superiores multo breviores aphylli. Cymæ confertæ, 10-15-flore. Bractee et bracteolæ squame- formes, brevissime v. obsolete. Pedicelli calyce multo breviores. Calyces subglobosi, 3 lin. longi ; sepala orbiculata, concava, in sicco ferruginea, margine membranacea, levia et brevissime ciliata, dorso exteriora punctato-corrugata, interiora pilis longiusculis appressis sericea. Corolla nondum apertæ In alabastro extus villosissimæ, tubo tamen ut in M. scan- dente glabro, intus glabrae. Antheræ M. scandentis et fila- menta pariter basi dilatata et ibidem glanduloso-pilosula, base to very near the summit, the cilia equalling or overtopping the longer calyx-valve (but shorter than it in M. ciliata). | | _ | may remark that the cilia are affixed to the palez in M. ciliata pre- cisely as in my Pierrefitte plant, which I have ascertained by an examination - of authentic specimens in Mr. Webb’s herbarium at Paris, and of «OWN, although Koch describes them as arising from the very margin Half ; but the portion intervening between the line of hairs and the true margin is inflexed and so diaphanous, that unless the palea be flattened Out and the hairs turned aside under the microscope, it is almost certain to escape observation. : | 352 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. cæterum filiformia, glabra. Ovarium basi glabrum, apice villosissimum (in M. scandente pilis paucis apice coronatum), carnosulum, complete biloculare. Ovula 4, adscendentia. Stylus filiformis, apice coronatum stigmate crasso late orbi- culato obscure bilobo. The climbing stem distinguishes this species from M. erecta and M. glabra, the smooth leaves from M. spectabilis. In habit and leaves it comes nearest to M. scandens ; but the dense inflorescence, smooth outer sepals, and scarcely visible bracts, sufficiently distinguish it. 882. M. scandens, Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1, p. 230, t. 91, vix Chois.; caule scandente glabro, foliis ovato-éllipticis breviter acuminatis glabris, panicule terminalis pubescentis pedun- culis laxe cymiferis, bracteis bracteolisque ovatis squamæ- formibus, sepalis sericeo-pubescentibus cinereis, corolla seri- ceo-villosa.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 110 (46). Also Surinam, Hostmann, n. 1251. This agrees with Aublet's description and figure in every thing except the size of the corolla, which is near 1 inch long, and not so deeply divided as is represented by Aublet; but his drawing has every appearance of being made from an unexpanded bud, as the branch he figures has none but young buds. Choisy’s character differs from all specimens I have seen, as well as from Aublet’s description and figure, especially in the cordate leaves. : 883. M. sp. n.?—Different from either of the above; but — my specimen is insufficient for description.—British Guiana, - Richard Schomburgk, n. (1469). = 884. Quamoclit coccinea, Mœnch.—Chois. in DC. Prod.9, p. 335.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 511 (782). 1 885. Batatas paniculata, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 339—— — B. edulis y platanifolia, Chois. 1. c. from Schomburgk's num- — ber quoted. My specimens have all, however, the leaves - calyx and corolla of B. paniculata, and are in every respect at variance with the cut-leaved varieties of B. edulis.—W aste - places and sides of rivers near Pirara, Schomburgk, n. 701+ — 886. B. glabra.— Convolvulus glaber, Aubl. Pl. Guian. | Li FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 353 p. 138, t. 53.—Jpomea glabra, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 362.— Ovarium complete quadriloculare. Sepala per fructus matura- tionem aucta, subscariosa, stellato-patentia, obtusa v. acutius- cula, interiora interdum fere pollicaria. Capsula glaberrima, depressa, quadrilocularis, styli basi indurato coronata. Semina nigra, minute puberula.— British Guiana, Schomburgk ; also - Surinam, Hostmann, n. 45; Brazil, Sello, &c. 887. B. cissoides, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 339. — British Guiana, Schomburgk, Ist Coll. n. 242 and 736, 2nd Coll. n. 16 and 98 (19). 888. B. sp. n. affinis B. quinquefolie, glabra, foliis pectinatim profunde 7-lobis, lobis linearibus mucronatis, sepalis oblongis aristatis. Corolla ignota. Capsula quadrilocularis.— Evidently à very distinct species, but the single specimen from Schom- burgk's first collection is not sufficient to characterize it satisfactorily. 889. Pharbitis Nil, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 343.—On the falls of the Rio Branco, Schomburgk. Freneh Guiana, Leprieur, Herb. Par. n. 135. 890. Ipomæa aturensis, Don.—Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, P- 367.—I. juncea, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 355. I cannot see any character by which these two plants are to be distin- guished. It is true that Choisy places the I. a£urensis in his section Strophipomea, but it is evident from Kunth's descrip- tion, that the stem is not voluble.—Schomburgk's plant appears to be sometimes erect, sometimes spreading.—Gra- velly savannahs, on the Rupunoony, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 625; also in the Brazilian province of Goyaz, Gardner, n. 3354, 891. I. Schomburgkii, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 354.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 692. : 892. I. guianensis, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 366.— Flowers white.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, Ist Coll. ^. 708, 2nd Coll. n. 101 (35); French Guiana, Leprieur, Herb. Par. n. 133. D LEA 893. I. tamnifolia, Linn.—Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 365. VOL. v. : D D 354 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. —Flowers blue.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, Ist Coll. n, 171; 2nd Coll. n. 119 (58). 894. I. umbellata, Mey.—Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 377.— In dried specimens this species is often not distinguishable from the Asiatic I. cymosa, for which I had mistaken it in the Botany of the Voyage of the Sulphur; but it appears that it has always yellow flowers, not white as in I. cymosa, and the leaves are usually, though not always, more deeply cordate or sagittate at the base. 895. I. evolvuloides, Moric.—Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 373.—Flowers blue.—British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 505 (797). . There is also a slender variety, from Roraima, with much longer petioles and long points to the leaves, perhaps a dis- tinct species, but the specimen is insufficient, Both forms come very near to the genus Jacquemontia. 896. Jacquemontia hirsuta, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 397. —British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 370 (654). 897. Aniseia ensifolia B minor, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, 430.—Flowers white.—Moist Savannahs, British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 776. 898. Evolvulus s£rictus, sp. n., caule rigido elongato longe sericeo-piloso, foliis dissitis anguste oblongo-lanceolatis utrin- que molliter appresse pilosis, floribus in axillis superioribus sessilibus supremis in spicam approximatis, sepalis lanceo- lato-subulatis hirsutis corolla dimidio brevioribus capsula duplo longioribus.—Dry savannahs, near Roraima, Schom- burgk, 1st Coll. n. 1036. : ae Caulis adest sesquipedalis, strictus, superne ramulis ali- quot brevibus auctus. Pili caulis et foliorum pagine infe- rioris candicantes, foliorum superiorum et inflorescentiæ fer- ruginei. Folia inferiora pollice paullo longiora, 2-3 lin. lata, acuta v. obtusiuscula, basi angustata. Folia floralia caulinis minora sed consimilia, inferiora 5 lin. longa, suprema calyci- ts bus subbreviora. Inflorescentia spicam format foliosam, superne densam, basi interruptam, in specimine 5 pollicarem. | A FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 355 Calyces 34 lin. longi. Corolla alba, 7 lin. longa, in speci- mine meo cum genitalibus a vermibus fere destructa. Capsula globosa. 899. E. glomeratus, Nees et Mart.—Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 442.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st Coll.; also 2nd Coll. n. ?96 (557).—Piauhy in Brazil, Gardner, n. 2255, 2257. 900. E. sericeus, Sw.—Chois. in DC, Prod. 9, p. 443.— Dry savannahs, British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 623, 2nd Coll. n. 338 (526), 901. E. alsinoides, Linn.—Chois. in DC. Prod. 9, p. 447. —S. Isabel, on the Rio Negro, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 1012. 902. E. linifolius, Linn.—Chois, in DC. Prod. 9, p. 449.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 483 (741). 903. Dicranostyles scandens, gen. noy.—Camanow, in British Guiana, Schomburgk, Lst Coll. n. 1010. Cuar. gen.—Calyx 5-fidus, lobis imbricatis. Corolle tubus brevis, limbus patens, 5-partitus, segmentis æstivatione valvato-induplicatis. Stamina tubo inserta. Anthere ver- satiles, loculis contiguis, connective subnullo. Ovarium (in- complete?) biloculare, ovulis in loculis geminis adscendenti- bus. Stylus apice bifidus, lobis apice capitato-stigmatosis. D. scandens. Frutex alte scandens, habitu Lysiostyli mox descripturo affinis. Ramuli juniores, petioli et inflorescentia tomento tenuissimo cinerascentes. Folia alterna petiolata, 3-4-pollicaria, oblonga, longe et abrupte acuminata, basi cuneata et breviter complicata, coriacea utrinque glabra, Supra nitidula, subtus pallida, costa media prominula, venis tenuibus. Panicule axillares, racemiformes, 1-2-pollicares, Cymis subtrifloris fere sessilibus. Bracteæ parva, squamz- formes, acute. Pedicelli brevissimi. Calyx tomentellus, vix lineam longus, laciniis orbiculatis obtusis. Corolle tubus glaber, calycem æquans, apice in faucem expansus, limbi laciniz fere 2 lin. longe, extus adpresse pubescentes, apice acutiusculæ, leviter inflexæ, non mucronate, Stamina medio tubo inserta ; filamenta inferne dilatata, glanduloso-hirtella, pp 2 356 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. superne filiformia, libera, corollam æquantia. Anthere breviter oblonge. Stylus glaber, filiformis, corollam equans, lobis brevibus filiformibus. 904. Lysiostyles scandens, gen. nov.—Maboodahu, British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1st Coll. n. 491.— var. latifolia.—Bri- tish Guiana, Schomburgk, 2nd Coll. n. 763 (1532). CHAR. Gen.—Calyx 5-fidus, lobis imbricatis. Corolle tubus brevis, limbus rotatus 5-partitus, segmentis æstivatione valvato-induplicatis. Stamina ad faucem inserta. Anthe- rarum loculi paralleli discreti, ad basin connectivi crassi adnati. Ovarium 1-loculare. Ovula 4, erecta. Styli 2, usque ad basin distincti, apice capitato-stigmatosi. L. scandens. Caulis lignosus super arbores altissimos scan- dens. Ramuli novelli uti petioli et pedunculi pube rubiginosa vestiti, annotini glabri. Folia alterna, petiolata, 3-5-pollicaria, oblonga, breviter acuminata, basi obtusa, coriacea, supra fere glabra, sed tactu scabriuscula et interdum ad venas pilosula, subtus rubiginoso-tomentella. Costa media et venae primarie utrinsecus 6-7 subtus valde prominentes, supra impressæ ; rete venarum nonnisi in pagina inferiore conspicuum. Pa- niculæ axillares, solitariæ v. geminæ, 1-2-pollicares, simplices, ramulis brevibus alternis cymoso-3-5-floris. Bracteæ mi- nutæ squamæformes v. nulle. Pedicelli linea breviores. Calyx lineam longus, rubiginoso-tomentellus, ultra medium divisus in lobos orbiculares obtusos subæquales. Corolle albe tubus vix calycem æquans, laciniæ 14 lin. longæ, trian- gulares, acute, mucrone longo piliformi terminate, extus villosæ intus glabre. Stamina corolla breviora, glabra. Fila- menta basi incrassata, faucem corolle fere claudentia, dein filiformia. Connectivum oblongum, obtusum, crasso-com- pressum, basi utrinque loculum ferens connectivo ipso dimidio breviorem. Ovarium sessile, depresso-globosum, apice vil- losissimum. — Dissepimenti incompleti rudimentum tenue. Ovula 4 e centro ovaria adscendentia. Styli breves, glabri. The above two genera are so closely allied to each other in habit, inflorescence, calyx and corolla, that I should nof - have hesitated in uniting them, could that have been done ss FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 357 without breaking through the only fixed characters by which convolvulaceous genera have as yet been distinguished. They are allied, on the one hand, to Maripa, on the other to Erycibe, but abundantly distinct from both. The latter genus has been raised by A. De Candolle to the rank of a distinct natural order, but its connection with the true Con- volvulaceæ appears to me far too close to justify the separa- tion. De Candolle relies chiefly upon three grounds: the æstivation, the quinary stigmate, and the entirely unilocular ovarium. The first, the æstivation, is in Erycibe as in the two new genera now proposed, induplicate-valyate, whilst in ordinary Convolvulacee it is plicate; but the only difference between the two is, that in the former case the lobes are divided to the bottom of the folds, whilst in the latter, the folds extend below the divisions ; a distinction of very little importance. The apparently quinary stigma does not appear on a careful examination of several Erycibes, to be organic, but the 5 or 10 oblique ribs and furrows in that genus, as in Maripa, (as described by E. F. W. Meyer,) are probably merely the impressions made on the stigma in the bud by the quinary external parts of the flower, the stigma being, in fact divisible into two lobes, as in most other Convolvulaceæ ; the shortness of the style is but a cha- racter of degree, and may be observed in Cuscuta. The third distinction, the unilocular ovarium, is again of very little im- portance in Convolvulaceæ, where the dissepiments are often very incomplete, and always independent of the position and Insertion of the ovules. | GESNERIACEZÆ. Since the publication of the 7th volume of De Candolle's Prodromus, the number of Gesneriacee known has nearly doubled, the forms assumed by the flower and fruit have been found to be much more varied than was supposed, the characters assigned to the genera are no longer sufficient to distinguish them clearly, either from one another, or from the new ones since proposed, and the characters assigned to 358 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. the order itself for its separation from Cyrtandraceæ have been entirely broken down by Mr. Brown, so that there is now scarcely any order which is more in want of a complete revision. My materials do not suffice for undertaking the task on the present occasion; but as I have found it ne- cessary to add several genera, either here or in the Plante Hartwegiane, to those already described, an enumeration of the American genera hitherto known may not be out of place. Tribe 1. Gesneriex.—Calyx ovario plus minus adnatus. * Calyx nudus, ovario toto adnatus. Calycis limbus 5-partitus.—Ry/idophyllum and Conradia, which require considerable revision as to their respective limitation and distinction, and probably the separation of some species. Calycis limbus tubulosus, semi-5-fidus.—Solenophora. ** Calyx nudus, Ovarium apice liberum, conicum v. ovatum. To this group belong four genera, Gesneria, Gloxinia, Achimenes and Diastema, all numerous in species, the greater number of which may be distributed among the four by the following characters. ; b Gesneria. Corolla (coccinea aurantiaca v. rarius alba) basi subæqualis, tubulosa v. tubuloso-campanulata ; limbo nunc (Sect. Corytholoma) bilabiato, labio superiore erecto, inferiore trilobo patente, nunc (Sect. Jsoloma) 5-partito, lobis brevibus latis subæqualibus. Glandule 3 v. 5. ; Gloxinia. Corolla (ccrulea violacea albido-rosea v. (— minea) basi postice gibba, ample tubuloso-campanulata, limbo 5-lobo erecto-patente. Glandule 3 v. 5. Achimenes. Corolla (versicolor) basi postice gibba v. ca carata, (rarius subæqualis ?) tubo declinato superne ampliato, limbo plano-patente 5-fido. Annulus hypogynus integer. Diastema.* Corolla basi æqualis v. postice gibba, tubo * This is the genus to which Pæppig and Endlicher have given the name — — of Trevirana, on the supposition that it would include the Cyrilla pulchella, = FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 359 declinato vix ampliato, limbo plano-patente 5-fido. Glandulæ 5 lineares. The two last genera have moreover the anthers generally free, or less coherent than in the two former, and the stig- matic apex of the style more evidently divided, and Diastema has an inflorescence peculiar to itself, There are, however, anomalous species which more or less break through the distinctive characters, especially of the three first genera. Such are Gesneria prasina, or De Candolle's section Prasanthea, probably a distinct genus; Gloxinia tubi- flora with the corolla of an Achimenes ; Achimenes multiflora with the corolla of a Glowinia, Achimenes argyrostigma with the upper lip of the corolla erect, &c. *** Calyx involucro diphyllo inclusus. The very distinct genus Mitraria is the only one known of this group... Tribe 2, Beszertex, Ovarium liberum. Semina albu- minosa. * Bacca indehiscens. Calyx 5-partitus. Corolla tubulosa v. tubuloso-campanu- lata, incurva, fauce valde obliqua, lobis lateralibus cum su- premis alte adnatis incurvis, infimo patente. Filamenta basi connata.—Columnee vere. ; Calyx 5-partitus. Corolla ventricoso-tubulosa, fauce Lx obliqua, labio superiore erecto inferiore patente trilobo, Fi- lamenta basi leviter connata.—Columnee sectio v. genus Ortholoma, Benth. Pl. Hartw. - Calyx 5-partitus. Corolla ventricoso-tubulosa, limbo sub- &qualiter 3-dentato v. 5-partito.—Hypocyrta. Calyx 5-fidus v. vix 5-partitus. Corolla tubulosa v. sub- Campanulata, limbo subbilabiato brevi. Filamenta libera. Ca pericarpio tenui vix succosa.—Besleria* = — Lhér., or Trevirana coccinea, Willd.; that species, however, i * nd imenes, with annular disc, and without the linear glands, or the inflo- rescence of Diastema. | TRS * De Candolle’s doubtful Beslerias, which do not answer to ed pes character, form probably distinct genera, but are for the most part insuffi- ciently known, Mora E 360 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA, ** Capsula bivalvis, carnosa v. coriacea. To this group belong Drymonia, Alloplectus, Nematanthus, Centrosolenia, Tapina, and perhaps, Sarmienta. Among these, Drymonia and Tapina are not well known to me; Alloplectus is distinguished by the large coloured divisions of the calyx, and the contracted mouth of the corolla with a spreading equal limb ; Nematanthus by the tubular or tubular-campa- nulate corolla gradually enlarged at the top; Centrosolenia by the tubular corolla with a spur at the base; Sarmienta by the abortion of two of the stamina. *** Capsula membranacea. Under this head must certainly be comprised Cremosperma, (Benth. Pl. Hartw.), with a tubular 5-fid calyx, and a corolla like that of Diastema; and probably also Gasteranthus and . Niphea, both distinguished by the singular forms of the corolla, but of which the ripe fruit is unknown to me. Tribe 3. CvgrANDREx. Ovarium liberum. Albumen te- nuissimum v. nullum. - Although formerly considered as confined to the Old World, this tribe has now been found to contain, besides the Klugia of Schlechtendal, referred by Brown to the E. Indian genus Glossanthus, three purely American genera, viz: Episcia, calyce 5-partito. Tussacia, calyce laxe campanulato, breviter et late 5-fido, lobis dentatis. Napeanthus, calyce tubuloso 5-fido, lobis oblongis. * 905. Gesneria (Corytholoma) guianensis, sp. n- herbacea, erecta, piloso-hirtella, foliis oppositis breviter petiolatis ovatis oblongisve acutiusculis grosse crenatis basi angustatis ob- -. tusisve membranaceis sparse hirtellis subtus pallidis, pedi- cellis axillaribus solitariis v. geminis folio multo brevioribus, calycis laxi laciniis e basi lata subulato-acuminatis, coroll —— tubo leviter incurvo vix ventricoso, galea retusa quam labium - E patenti-reflexum duplo longiore.—Rocky places of the Con- - con Mountains, Schomburak. a FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 361 Herba videtur 2-3-pedalis. Caulis teres. Pili hyalini in partibus novellis petiolis peduneulisque copiosi in foliorum pagina superiore sparsi breves, in inferiore ad venas pauci. Petioli 2-3 lin. longi. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 2-24 poll. lata, recentia valde aromatica. Pedicelli 1-14-pollicares, pedun- culo communi subnullo. Calyx (incluso acumine laciniarum) 6 lin. longus, laxus, subpentagonus, basi breviter adhærens. Glandulæ 2 posticæ majuscule, connate, 3 minores distinctæ. Corolla hirtella, coccinea, sesquipollicaris, basi postice gibba et subito constricta, tubo versus medium leviter ampliato. Genitalia e tubo exserta. Stylus apice infundibuliformis, .truncatus, intus stigmatosus. Capsula pubescens, rostro in- curvo. Species affinis G. chelonioidi, sed foliis majoribus, calyce acuminato etc. diversa videtur. 906. Besleria laxiflora, sp. n., herbacea, ramulis juniori- bus petiolisque puberulis, foliis petiolatis oblongis acuminatis serratis basi angustatis supra glabris, pedunculis petiolo lon- gioribus subracemoso-plurifloris, calycis sub-5-partiti laciniis lanceolatis subulato-acuminatis dimidium corollæ tubi supe- rantibus.—Banks of rivers, British Guiana, probably from the neighbourhood of Roraima, Schomburgk. Herba 3-6-pedalis. Partes juniores et vene pagine in- ferioris foliorum appresse pubescentes, planta ceterum gla- bra. Folia longiuscule petiolata, 4-5 poll. longa, 13-1 poll. lata, cujusve paris subæqualia et vix inæquilatera, a medio ad apicem irregulariter serrata, basi integerrima. Pedunculi Communes circiter pollicares. Pedicelli dimidio breviores, 5 ad 7, non ex eodem puncto orti ut in plerisque speciebus affinibus sed subracemosim dispositi. Calyx basi toro dila- tato adherens, segmenta 3} lin. longa, foliacea, e basi lato- lanceolata longe acuminata. Corolla 6 (v. 7 ?) lin. longa, coc- cinea, glabra, subæqualiter tubulosa, sub fauce tamen paul- lulum ventricosa, limbi lobis brevibus, 2 superioribus altius Connatis erectis, 3 inferioribus rotundatis patentibus. Sta- mina infra medium tubi inserta, inclusa, didynama cum ru- dimento quinti. Annulus hypogynus cupuliformis, integer. Ovarium ovato-conicum, glabrum. Fructus globosus, omnino 362 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. B. luteæ ; pericarpium carnosum ; semina minuta, numero- sissima, albuminosa, testa tenui. 907. Alloplectus Patrisii, DC. Prod. 7. p. 545.— British Guiana, Schomburgk. 908. Centrosolenia hirsuta, gen. nov.—Banks of the Rio Parama, Schomburgk. Cuar. Gen.—Calyx 5-partitus, segmentis serratis. Co- rolla tubulosa basi postice calcarata, fauce parum ampliata in limbum brevem latissime 5-lobum expansa. Stamina prope basin tubi inserta, didynama cum rudimento minuto quinti, inclusa. Annulus hypogynus obscurus, glandula postica maxima. Ovarium oblongo-conicum, hirsutum. Stylus apice dilatatus, subcapitato-stigmatosus. Fructus capsularis ? C. hirsuta: Caulis seu rhizoma abbreviatus, radicans. Folia subradicalia petiolata, ovali-oblonga, obtusa, duplicato-crenata, basi subcordata, utrinque pilis longis hyalinis hirsuta, 3-4 poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata, petiolo 1-3-pollicari hirsuto. Pe- dicelli -1-pollicares, axillares, solitarii v. plures in pedun- culo communi brevissimo conferti, hirsuti. Calycis laciniæ 3-4 lin. longe, oblongo-lineares, superne serratæ, hirsutæ. Corolla sesquipollicaris, hirsuta, roseo-alba, tubo fere recto, limbo fere Nematanthi. I regret that the imperfect state of the flowers do not allow of a more ample description of this interesting plant, of which, as well as of most of the Gesneriaceæ, the col- lection contained but single specimens. As a genus, Centro- solenia is evidently allied to Nematanthus, but the spur of the flower, coupled with the habit and the toothed segments of the calyx appear sufficient to distinguish it. 909. Tapina? sp. n.—A single specimen without flower, from the Rio Parama, Schomburgk. 909. Episcia? mimuloides, sp, n., caule scandente radicante superne petiolis peduneulisque bitrisidue velutino-pubenti- bus, foliis petiolatis oblique ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi inæqualiter acutis superne sparse pilosulis subtus ad venas pubentibus, pedicellis in pedunculi brevi pluribus v. in axillis supremis solitariis, calycis 5-partiti segmentis ovato- UNAM INI IN CONG dd ne di De NEAR IRAE I RAE NS à of FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. 363 lanceolatis integerrimis acuminatis corollæ tubo triplo brevio- ribus.— British Guiana, Schomburgk, 2d coll. n. 125 (78) and 843 (1425). Folia petiolata, 3-5-pollicaria, cujusve paris sæpe inæqua- lia, membranacea, crenata. Pedunculi communes 1-6 lin. longi, 1-7-flori. Pedicelli semi-pollicares, bracteis brevibus linearibus subtensi. Calycis segmenta viridia, ovato-lanceo- lata, acute acuminata, 5-7 lin. longa. Corolle tubus 15 lin. longus, extus pilosiuseulus, medio parum ventricosus, ad faucem leviter contractus; lobi 5, patentes, rotundati, inæ- quales, sed in flore unico a me examinato partim destructi. Stamina 2 prope basin tubi, 2 altius inserta, filamentis om- nino liberis; quinti rudimentum nullum. Glandule desunt. Fructus globosus, vix carnosus, extus villosus, bivalvis, valvulis integris medio placentiferis; placentæ late, dorso affixee, utrinque seminiferæ. Semina creberrima, fusiformia, funiculo longo subdilatato appensa, testa crassa spiraliter fibrosa, albumine parco v. nullo. In most respects this plant appears to agree with the Besleria Guadalupensis of De Can- dolle, which is most probably also an Episcia. 910. "l'ussacia villosa, sp. n., herbacea, foliis ovatis crena- tis basi rotundatis et in petiolum breviter decurrentibus utrinque villosis, calycis ampli lobis abbreviatis latis dentatis, corollæ tubo calyce dimidio longiore dense villoso. —Concon mountains, Schomburgk. Herba erecta, pede paullo altior. Folia supra medium caulis fere T. pulchelle sed latiora, basi minus angustata. Inflorescentia eadem. Calyx ample campanulatus, coloratus, pilosus, demum 7 lin. longus; lobi latitudine sua multo breviores, acutiusculi. Corolle tubus 9-10 lin. longus, multo villosior quam in T. pulchella, basi postice gibbus; limbus patens subæqualiter 5-lobus. Stamina supra basin tubi inserta, Glandula postica magna, et 1-2 anticæ parvæ. Capsula subglobosa, bivalvis. Semina funiculo brevi 1 formi appensa ; testa spiraliter fibrosa, albumen pareum v. fere nullum. TITI DR Bete qe 911. T. rupestris, sp, n., herbacea, humilis, foliis ovatis 364 FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA. crenatis basi rotundatis subcordatisve utrinque villosulis, calycis ampli truncati margine denticulato v. obscure 5-lobo, corolle glabriuscule tubo calyce duplo longiore.— Rocks, British Guiana, Schomburgk. Herba semipedalis, in omnibus partibus multo minor quam T. villosa, et minus villosa. Calyx 5 lin. longus, mar- gine inæqualiter denticulatus. Corolle tubus 10 lin. longus, basi postice leviter gibbus, limbus amplus patens, lobis rotundatis. Stamina basi tubo inserta inclusa, didynama cum rudimento quinti, antheris liberis. Stylus apice infun- dibuliformi-dilatatus. Ovarium ovatum villosum. Glandula postica magna, antica nulla. Genus Tussacia, a Besleria valde distincta, corollam habet stamina capsulam et semina Episcie, a qua differt imprimis calyce. Herbæ sunt v. suffrutices, erectæ, basi radicantes. Folia supra medium caulis approximata, opposita. Pedun- culi axillares, umbellatim pluriflori. Flores erecti. Calyces coccinei. Corolle aurantiacæ. - Amongst the Gesneriaceæ in the collection I had inadver- tently placed a specimen of a very curious shrub, which upon examination turned out to be a new genus of Scrophu- lariacee, allied to Pentstemon, but differing in habit, in the calyx, and in a very remarkable forked sterile stamen, having at first sight the appearance of a style and stigma. My specimen is in some respects much injured, and I have not been able to ascertain the precise inflorescence, but the plant is so remarkable that I here insert a character as complete as the specimen will admit of, regretting that I had overlooked it in working up the order for De Candolle's Prodromus. 912. Digomphia laurifolia, gen. nov. Scrophulariacearum e tribu Cheloniearum.—Roraima, Schomburgk, 1st coll. n. 1049. CHAR. GEN. Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus, 5-plicatus, demum 3-5-fidus. Corolla tubulosa, incurva, fauce campa- nulata, limbi lobis 5 latis subæqualibus. Stamina fertilia 4, didynama, inclusa; quintum sterile exsertum, apice bifidum, NEW HEPATICÆ. 365 lobis lineari-clavatis. Ovarium biloculare, ovulis in quoque loculo plurimis biseriatis. Capsula .... Frutex humilis, erectus, undique glaberrimus, parce ramo- sus. Folia breviter petiolata, oblonga, obtusa, basi angus- tata, 2-3 poll. longa, 6-12 lin. lata, integerrima, crasso- coriacea, supra nitidula, costa media subtus prominula. Pedunculi (ex axillis supremis orti? v. in racemulos termi- nales dispositi ?) pollicares, supra medium articulati et ibidem forte nonnunquam ramosi. Calyx 7-8 lin. longus, angulato- plicatus, coloratus, demum usque ad medium secus plicas fissus in lobos 3 ad 5 ovato-oblongos ; in calyce juniore lobi breves videntur æstivatione imbricati. Corolla sesquipolli- caris v. paullo longior, basi per brevem spatium tenuis, dein gradatim in faucem longam subcampanulatam ampliatus, intus extusque glabra. Antherarum loculi divergentes, iis Pentstemonis similes. Stamen sterile corollam breviter supe- rans, supra medium postice papilloso-tomentosum, lobis 2-3 lin. longis obtusis undique papilloso-tomentosis. Ova- rium oblongum, glaberrimum, cinctum disco carnoso brevi crenato. Stylus filiformis apice breviter divisus in lobos 2 subæquales laminzeformes. New Heparica, by Tuomas Tavron, M.D. (Continued from p. 284). 7. LornocoLEAa, Nees. 1. L. Beecheyana, Tayl.; caule laxe implexo, procumbente, vage ramoso; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, lanceolatis, emarginato-bispinosis, margine dorsali incurvo, integer- rimo, ventrali subunidentato, in stipulam oblongam, ob- tusam, 4-spinosam utrinque abeuntibus ; perichaetialibus erectis, ciliatis ; calyce oblongo, trigono, ier (ala spi- nosa,) ore mers Has. Oahu. Beechey, Hook. Herb. Creeping among other Hepatice ; pale olive-green. Stems 366 NEW HEPATICÆ. about 3 an inch long and 1-20th of an inch broad ; branches few. Some plants are monoicous, having calyces on one shoot and perigonia on another; perigonial leaves imbricated, ventricose, with an incurved, tumid process, containing an anther at the base, the elongated tops reflexed ; there are at least two pairs of erect and ciliated perichætial leaves. On the calyx a lanceolate wing is on each of the three angles, and has 3-4 spinous cile. This has the habit of L. leucophylla, Tayl, but is a greener and somewhat a larger species ; the leaves are far narrower at their bases and nearly entire. 2. L. pertusa, Tayl.; caule implexo, adscendente, sub- ramoso; folis imbricatis, patentibus, triangulari-ovatis, margine subflexuoso, bidentatis, subintegerrimis, in stipu- lam subrotundam, 4-dentatam utrinque abeuntibus ; calyce terminali, lineari-oblongo, trigono, anguste alato, apice spinoso-dentato ; foliis perichætialibus 3-4-dentatis. Han. Rio de Janeiro ; n. 43. Gardner, Hook. Herb. Patches wide, pale olive-green. Stems about 1 inch long. Leaves with a shallow sinus near their junction with the sti- pule, sometimes tri-dentate. Calyx twice as long as the leaves, with a very narrow wing on each of the two inferior angles. Stipules oblique. Capsule linear-oblong. Differs from L. connata, Swartz, by the 4-dentate stipules, by the narrow wing to the calyx, and by the perichetial leaves having 3-4 distinct teeth. 3. L. hirtifolia, Hook. fil, et Tayl.; caule disperso, procum- bente, subsimplici; foliis subimbricatis, patentibus, re- curvo-concavis, late ovatis, obtusiusculis, subdenticulatis, celluloso-hirtis, in stipulam subquadratam, 4 4-laciniatam utrinque abeuntibus. Has. With Sticta chloroleuca, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Van Die- men’s Land, Patches very loose, plants usually scattered. Stems Sum iinch long, slightly bent; shoots tumid on account of the recurved leaves, pale green. Leaves rotundato-ovate, mi- nutely tomentose from the projection of the cells, very irregu- larly and sparingly denticulate at the tops. Allied to L. mu- NEW HEPATICJAE. 367 ricata, Gottsche, from the Cape of Good Hope, which, however, is smaller, has the leaves bidentate and strongly muricate, while the stipules are more minute and simply bifid. 4. L. subemarginata, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule subsimplici, repente, vage ramoso; foliis imbricatis, complanatis, pa- tentibus, oblongis, retuso-emarginatis, integerrimis, margine ventrali gibboso, stipulis minutis, quadrifidis altero latere connatis; calyce terminali, lineari-oblongo, trigono, ore aperto, trifido, dentato. Has. On bark; Van Diemen’s Land. Gunn, Hook. Herb. Patches straggling, brown. Stems 1-2 inches long. Leaves loosely imbricated, thin and largely cellulose, usually with a very shallow, obtuse sinus, yet some of the lower leaves are bidentate or irregular at the apices. Calyx twice as long as the leaves, subtruncate ; perichætial leaves bidentate. This is a much larger plant than our L. fextilis, from Falkland Islands ; the gibbous inferior margin of the leaves, their larger cells, and the deeper division of the stipules, readily distinguish it. 5. L. polyclada, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule implexo, procum- bente, subsimplici ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, semicor- datis, obtusissimis, integerrimis, antice subcurvatis; sti- pulis liberis, ex lata basi 6-ciliatis. Has. New Zealand; n. 76. Herb. Mus. Paris. Patches wide, close, flat, brown, shining when dry. Stems 2-3 inches long, but little branched. Stems black. Leaves curving forwards. Stipules rather large, yet not imbricated, nor connate to the leaves. Closely resemblin£ L. planiuscula, Hook. fil. et T. but the leaves are longer, their anterior margin curved forwards, nor do they diminish in size upwards, and the 6-lacinated stipules are much wider am the stems. EO 6. L. divaricata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule implent o bente, ramoso ; foliis approximatis, suberectis, secundis, ex angusta basi Fr convexis, bifidis, segmentis lanceo- 368 NEW HEPATICÆ. latis, acuminatis, divaricatis, subflexuosis ; stipulis bifidis, segmentis subulatis extus unidentatis. Has. Cape Horn; Dr. Hooker. Patches whitish-green. Stems about 1 inch long, branched towards the base. Leaves loosely set, largely cellulose, their sinus acute, divided for half their length into two divergent acuminate segments, the dorsal margin decurrent and re- curved. The perigonia are terminal spikes of closely adpressed leaves, whose tumid bases contain the anthers, and whose subdivisions are shorter than of the cauline leaves. Allied to L. leptantha, Hook. fil. et T. likewise from Cape Horn, differing by its smaller size, by its leaves with narrower bases, and summits more deeply divided, and by the bipartite stipules. 7. L. triacantha, Hook. fil. et 'Tayl.; caule implexo, pro- cumbente, vage ramoso; foliis complanatis, approximatis, patentibus, oblongo-ovatis, trispinosis ; stipulis subquadra- tis, bifidis, segmentis bilaciniatis, laciniis subulatis. Has. East Falkland, Lyall. n. 67. New Zealand, Herb. Mus. Paris. Patches thick, dusky olive-green. Stems about 1 inch long; branches few, patent. Leaves scarcely imbricating at their bases, at right angles to the stem, oblong, with two sinuses and three subulate spines. Stipules free, erecto-patent, having four subulate segments. It is allied to our L. chloro- phylla, from New Zealand, which, however, is a smaller plant and has shorter, wider, subsecund leaves, as also sub- rotund dentate stipules. * 8. Lepidozia, Nees. 1. L. filipendula, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, erecto, filiformi, pinnato, arhizo; ramis attenuatis, dependentibus; folus minutissimis, distantibus, quadratis, caule angustioribus, cauli adpressis, erectis, caulinis subtrifidis, rameis stipu- lisque bifidis, segmentis spiniformibus. Has. Sandwich Islands. Tolmie, Hook. Herb. NEW HEPATICÆ. 369 Patches pale olive. Stems 9-3 inches long; branches rather short, fine as human hair, curved downwards, and when dry, variously flexuose. We have not seen L. Sandvi- censis, Ldbg. to which ours must be closely related ; but this is said to have deeply quadrifid leaves on the branches, and the Zacinie of the stipules to be nde one or bidentate. 2. L. humillima, Tayl. ; caule implexo, prose éubpinnato, flagellifero; foliis arcte imbricatis, ovatis, bifidis, segmen- tis sounda; stipulis minutis, ovatis, bifidis; calyce ventrali, ovato-lanceolato, subplicato, ore subintegerrimo. Has. North-west coast of America ? Menzies, Hook. Herb. Patches minute, whitish. Stems about 3 lines long; the older branches with more closely imbricated and larger ‘leaves than the younger or flagelliform shoots. Calyx sometimes situated beneath a flagelliform shoot. Perichætial leaves longer than the cauline, and with longer segments. Calyx three times as long as the leaves. The bifid leaves separate this species from its congeners. 3. L. triceps, 'T'ayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, subpinnato ; folis imbricatis, patentibus, stipulisque oblongis trispino- Sis; calyce ventrali, lanceolato, sursum plicato; foliis perichetialibus concavis, erectis, adpressis, late ovatis, subdenticulatis, Has. Owhyhee. Menzies, Hook. Herb. Patches minute, pale olive. Stems scarcely 4 lines long. Leaves rather loosely imbricated, concave. Stipules minute. This is not unlike our common L. reptans, Nees., its leaves, however, are more distant, more concave, and divided into three spinous teeth. 4. L. attenuata, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscendente, pinnato; ramis secundis attenuatis; foliis laxis, erectius- culis, concavis, quadrato-oblongis, quadrifidis ; stipulis. mi- nutis rotundatis, quadrifidis ; calyce ventrali, majori, ex angusta basi lanceolato. Has. North-west coast of America. Masia, Hook. Herb. Stems 1 or 2 inches long, pale skye vere: Shoots in a VOL. V. EE 370 NEW HEPATIC, dry state, appear knotted with distant, rounded, adpressed leaves; segments of the leaves lanceolate. Perichætium of 3 or 4 pairs of concave, broad, oblong leaves, whose divisions at top are very shallow. This has much the habit of Jung. microphylla, Hook.; but the branches are far more simple, and the leaves larger and more concaye. 5. L. tetrapila, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule implexo, procum- bente, subpinnato ; ramis attenuatis; foliis stipulisque im- bricatis, basi oblongis, patentibus, apice erectis quadrispi- nosis, spinis articulatis, cellulis majoribus. _ Has. New Zealand; n. 119. 1844. Dr. J. D. Hooker. Tufts loose, pale olive-brown. Stems about 1 inch long, sometimes closely pinnated again with distant, irregularly placed branches, which on the tops of the plants are often incurved. Flagelliform shoots are likewise present. Leaves with bases patent even in the dry state. Cells remarkably large and strongly defined. No fruit observed. This plant . is larger than L. levifolie, Hook. fil. et T. and has much longer leaves; again, L. plumulosa, Gottsche, and L. capil- laris, Nees, have the divisions of the leaves quite setaceous, whilst in our plant they are spines with broad bases. 6. L. parvistipa, Tayl.; caule debili, laxe implexo, procum- - bente, pinnato; foliis approximatis, subpatentibus, grosse cellulosis, oblongis, quadrispinosis, antice subgibbosis ; stipulis minutis, subquadratis, quadridentatis. Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Patches very loose, pale glaucous-green. Stems almost 2 inches long, rather unequally pinnated; stipules nearly square, scarcely exceeding the stem in breadth. to L. glaucophylla, Hook. fil. et T., but the leaves are much longer and their cells larger, whilst the stipules are relatively much smaller. 7. L. coilophylla, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, procumbente, pinnato; ramis attenuatis, flagelliformibus ; foliis stipu- lisque imbricatis, rotundato-ovatis, quadridentatis, conca- vissimis. : Rie te Has, Gongo Soco. Mr, Bunbury, Hook, Herb. NEW HEPATICÆ. 371 Patches wide, whitish-green. Stems 1 inch long; the lower branches short, the upper frequently elongated into flagelliform terminations. Leaves and stipules remarkably concave, so that when dry they appear as corrugated sacks, by which character and by its more distant branches the plant may be distinguished from its nearest ally, L. reptans, Nees. 8. L. chordulifera, Tayl.; caule implexo, adscendente, pin- nato; ramis apice attenuatis, decurvis ; foliis obliquis, sti- pulisque arcte imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, quadratis, quadrifidis, basi utrinque subdentatis, segmentis lanceo- latis ; calyce ventrali, cylindraceo, acuminato, subplicato, incurvo. Has, Chonos Archipelago, n. 461 ; Darwin, Hook. Herb. Tufts loose, whitish olive. Stems nearly 2 inches long, regularly pinnate, the branches attenuated, deflexed. Leaves concave, their bases wide and furnished at each side with one or two distinct teeth ; segments of leaves and stipules unequal. Perichætial leaves erect, their segments dentate. Nearly allied to L. cupressina, Lindbg., but distinct by the dentate bases of the leaves, by their closer imbrication, and by their cellules being much more minute, although the spe- cies is far larger. 9. MasTIGOBRYUM, Nees. 1. M. pycnophyllum, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, procum- bente, ramoso; ramis basi subdenudatis ; foliis arcte im- bricatis, subsecundis, patentibus, subrecurvis, lineari-ob- - longis, apice subrotundatis, subtridenticulatis, medio grosse cellulosis; stipulis minutis late quadrato-rotundatis eroso- denticulatis. E. Has. With Jung. stolonifera, Sw. Jamaica; Swartz, Hook. | Herb. : : Patches pale but dusky olive-green. Shoots about 3 lines long, usually divested of leaves at the bases; towards the middle having flagelliform branches. Leaves closely imbri- cated, at right angles to the stem, their tops slightly recurved ; they have large cells along their aves, This is related to M. 372 NEW HEÉPATICÆ: Vincentinum, Ldbg., whose leaves, however, are more distant and more deeply toothed, the stipules oblong, the colour paler, and its size greater. 10. SENDTNERA, Endlicher. 1. S. runcinata, Tayl. ; caule cæspitoso, erecto, apice incurvo; foliis incubis, distichis, erecto-patentibus, secundis, stipu- lisque imbricatis, concavis, cordato-oblongis, bifidis, basi — margine runcinato-dentatis, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis, canaliculatis, curvatis. i Has. Chiloe, Cuming, Hook. Herb. Tufts dense, wide, brownish-olive. Stems about 2 inches high, hard, sparingly branched, the branches erect, slightly incurved at the top. Leaves closely imbricated, with a pellucid nerve of a yellower colour than the rest of the leaf, bifurcating and running up each of the segments. Approaching S. juniperina, Endl., a plant far more elongated and slender, with leaves more crowded and narrower, and which are scarcely runcinato-serrate on the margins near the base. 2. S. pensilis, Tayl.; caule laxe implexo, elongato, subsim- - plici, flexoso, pendente; foliis stipulisque laxis, erecto- patentibus, concavis, integerrimis ex lata amplexante basi subulatis, bifidis, segmentis linearibus canaliculatis, cur- vatis. ; Has. Woods of Pichincha. Prof. William Jameson, Hook. Herb. D Patches hanging from trees, pale yellowish-olive, or reddish- brown. Stems nearly a foot long, waved, sparingly branched, _ subcompressed. Leaves and stipules rather distant, Very brittle when dry, so that the linear segments having been — broken off are rarely visible, elongato-subulate, the segments —— very narrow, and for the most part divergent. The simpler, - subcompressed, elongated, waved and pendent stems, and -— more distant leaves easily separate this from S. jesipmi E Endlicher. oe 3. S. equabilis, Tayl.; caule iuis implexo, adscendente, basi d UE NT D EA AT PT PE UE PUNIRE ERRANT NETTE NS PT ST Y PET NEW HEPATICÆ, 373 nudo, bipinnato, minutissime albido-squamoso; ramis complanatis, attenuatis, subdistantibus, decurvis; foliis imbricatis stipulisque erectiusculis, oblongis, bi-tri-quadri- fidis, laciniis lineari-lanceolatis, apicalibus incano-dentatis. Han. Woods of Pichincha; n. 337. Prof. William Jameson, Hook. Herb. Pale olive. Stems 6 inches long; branches bending down, flattened into one plane. Leaves and stipules nearly of the same size, those of the tops of the shoots usually bifid, where they are collected into a capitulus. The bipinnate stems, compressed branches, and leaves destitute of cilie at the base distinguish this species from S. ochroleuca, Nees. 4. S. pruinosa, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, erectiusculo, sursum bipinnato; ramis compressis, superioribus apice incrassatis; foliis arcte imbricatis, late ovatis, 4-partitis, segmento interiori latiori, ciliato, cæteris elongate acumi- natis, spinoso-dentatis, dentibus incanis; stipulis bipar- titis, segmentis bifidis, ciliato-dentatis. Has. Woods of Pichincha ; n. 337. Prof. William Jameson. Stems eight inches bii; branches hoary at their base, light olive brown at their tops. Leaves with the superior or dorsal margin strongly ciliated and hoary. This species differs from S. ochroleuca, Nees, by the greater size, browner colour, fewer attenuated or fiagelliform shoots, more com- pressed branches, whilst the leaves and stipules are more ciliated and all their segments dentate. Sent by Prof. Jame- son under the same number as the preceding. 5. S. spinosissima, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, - adscendente, levi, bipinnato; surculis sursum confertis, attenuato-flagellaribus ; foliis stipulisque erecto-patentibus, Ee ex lata subquadrata basi quadripartitis, segmentis seinen E. rigidis, integerrimis. m d Haz. New Zealand. Edgerley, Hook. Herb. eat Pale olive. Stems nearly 3 inches long; lonis fasti- giate above. Leaves of the main stem more patent; the Segments of all stiff when dry. Allied to Jung. Scolopendra, Hook., and to S. ochroleuca, Nees; diens from the first 374 NEW HEPATIC. by its bipinnate ramification, from the second by the entire segments of the leaves and stipules; and from both by the segments being not hoary. 11. RADULA, Nees. 1. R. Gottscheana, Tayl; caule debili, procumbente, elon- gato, laxe subbipinnato, pinnis patenti-recurvis ; foliis ap- proximatis, patentibus, integerrimis, planis, subdecurrenti- bus, caulinis angulato-rotundatis ; rameis oblongo-rotun- datis lobulis caulinis cordatis, caulem transeuntibus atque appendieulum oblongum, undulato-crispum, obtusum, con- vexum demittentibus, rameis minoribus, cauli adnatis, basi tumidis, apice triangularibus, subinflexis. Has. St. Domingo. Dickson. 1814. Patches loose, olive-green. Stems 3-4 inches long, irregu- larly pinnate, the branches subpinnate, deflexed. Leaves by no means imbricated, the cauline rather broader than long, their margins flexuose, their apices obtuse, they are sinuate at their junction with the lobule: ‘this lobule is singular in the genus, for it sends obliquely down, after it has crossed the stem, a'waved oblong process, more than twice as long — as the lobule itself, and which partly embraces the stem. Thus the lobule reminds one of the auricle of the leaf of Frullania hians, L. et Lind. I have inscribed this species to my friend, who has devoted his superior talents to the suc- cessful illustration of the Jungermannice. P 2. R. ramulina, Tayl.; caule debili, elongato, procumbente; ; pinnato; ramulis brevibus, patentibus; foliis subimbri- . catis, complanatis, lobulisque latis, quadrato-rotundatis, extrorsum obtusangulis, introrsum caulem transeuntibus, integerrimis; calyce axillari, sessili, ex angusta basi cam- panulato, compresso, ore subintegro. E Has. On trunks of trees, on Cayambe ; 13,500 feet high. / Prof. William Jameson; also n. 335, on Pichincha, Prof. — W. Jameson. 1844. eee Patches loose, tawney. Stems 3-4 inches long, embraced : E by the leaf and lobule, both of which exceed it on either — Re hé lien à: ee ee NEW HEPATICÆ. 375 side. Perigonial shoots alternate, one to each leaf, and scarcely extending beyond it. Pedicel about twice as long as the calyx. Capsule cylindrical. This has been supposed to be a variety only of Radula pallens, Sw., by the distin- guished editors of the Synopsis Hepaticarum ; but it is pro- bable that they never saw the ealyx, whose breadth is plainly distinctive, independent of the larger, wider, and exteriorly angulate leaves and lobules. The pinnate ramification is not confined to the male plant. It appears to us far nearer to our Irish Radula Voluta, it wants, however, the remarkable volution at the inner margin of the base of the leaves and lobules. 3. R. Jamesoni, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, pinnato; ramis complanatis, brevibus, patentibus ; foliis subapproxi- matis, rotundatis, recurvis, decurrentibus, planiusculis, margine subflexuosis, integerrimis ; lobulo cauli adnato, apice triangulari-oblongo, obtuso, margine ineurvo, trans- versim adscendente. Has. Woods on Pichincha; Prof. W. Jameson, n. 335. Hook. Herb. Patches loose, very pale tawney. Stems 4 inches long, pinnate, with alternate, rather distant, short, patent branches. Leaves scarcely touching one another, flat. Lobule crossing the stem, and adpressed to it. So like is the present to the preceding species that Professor Jameson seems to have sent them at different times under the same n. 335, but the lobule of R. ramulina, Tayl, is much wider, rhomboidal in shape, extends on either side beyond the stem, and is not at all tumid : the cellules of the leaves, too; are larger. 4. R. cordiloba, 'Tayl.; caule implexo procumbente, subpin- nato; ramis complanatis, erecto-patentibus ; foliis laxe im- bricatis, oblongis, apice rotundatis, recurvis, integerrimis, decurrentibus; lobulis cordatis, obtuse apiculatis, supra caulem protraetis; calyce axillari, lateralique, sessili, ex angusta elongata basi cylindrico, ore compresso, truncato, minutissime crenulato ; perichætio foliis breviore. Has. Pacific Isles. Nightingale, Hook. Herb. 376 NEW HEPATICÆ. Patches wide, olive-brown. Stems 4-5 inches long. Branches curved upwards, pinnules short, The junction of the leaf to the lobule is sinuate beneath. Lobule cordate, embracing the stem by a decurrent junction with the leaf. Perichætial leaves two, erect, shorter than the cauline. Calyptra withan elongated and contracted base, elliptical above. Capsule cy- lindraceous, Seeds angulato-rotund, with a thick, pellucid, yellowish-olive tunic containing a dark green granulous mass. - Elateres with double, close convolutions. This differs from — Swartz's specimens of his Jung. pallens, Flor. Ind. Occid., by the longer stems, by the darker and greener colour, by the more oblong leaves, which have smaller cellules, by the lobule partly crossing the stem, and having the inner margin free, while the aper is less incurved, and by the more slender calyx. From R. reflexa, Mont. et Nees, ours is distinguishable by the larger and more recurved leaves, by their minuter cellules, by the lateral sessile perichelia, and by the more slender calyx. 5. R. recubans, Tayl.; caule dense implexo, adscendente, subdichotomo, subpinnato ; ramis patentibus; folis ap- proximatis, patentibus, subrotundis, planis, integerrimis ; lobulis majoribus, rotundato-subquadratis, introrsum cau- lem transeuntibus, liberis, rotundatis, extrorsum obtuse apiculatis, exciso-sinuatis; perichætiis axillaribus laterali« busque, sessilibus. ee Has. Demerara, Herb. Grevill (sub nomine Jung. Bo- — ryanæ). “à Patches dense, dusky-green. Stems 2-3 inches long. Leaves — scarcely imbricated. Lobules with a tumid, amplexicaul | base, slightly incurved above, the apex obtusely angular and - pointing outwards; the lobule has a sinus exteriorly. This — species approaches near to Radula Javanica, Gottsche, (We — allude to the specimens from Owhyhee quoted in the Syne — Hepat.), differing by the greater size, more round leaves, - larger lobules, which pass across the stem interiorly, and - which exteriorly are sinuato-emarginate, by the closer cellu- - | lation of the leaves, and decisively by the sessile perichetit. — NEW HEPATICÆ. 5773 6. R. pocillifera, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, vage subpinnato; ramis brevibus, subpatentibus; foliis laxe imbricatis, patentibus, rotundatis, integerrimis; lobulis minutis, cauli adnatis, subquadratis; perichætio axillari, sessili; calyce abbreviato, campanulato, ore latiori com- presso, truncato, minute atque obsolete crenulato. Has. St. Domingo. Dickson. 1814. Patches wide, pale olive-green. Stems voti i ed long. Leaves concave, nearly round, patento-recurved. Lo- bules minute, their interior margin lying on, but not passing the stem. Calyx singularly short, resembling in outline an equilateral triangle, the mouth wide, compressed, its crenula- tions observable only under a high power of the microscope. It is related to R. pallens, Sw., but is a smaller plant; its calyx is at once distinctive. 7. R. strangulata, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule exiguo, implexo, procumbente, subpinnato; foliis imbricatis, patenti-recur- vis, rotundato-obovatis, integerrimis; lobulis minutis, ex curvata tumente basi apice angulatis, cauli adpressis ; perigoniis quadrato-oblongis, in surculorum cursu sitis atque surculo angustioribus. Has. New Zealand. Dr. J. D. Hooker. 1840. Patches small, olive, pale. Stems scarcely exceeding three lines in length. - Leaves slightly overlapping; their cellules very minute ; the perigonial smaller and rounder, their lobule swelling and containing the anther. This species is remark- able for the short perigonia oceurring in the course of the shoots, and nearly upon all the shoots. Branches are scarcely 4 ofa line wide. This is unlike any species with Which we are acquainted, and has the size and habit - our common Lejeunia serpyllifolia, Nees. 8. R. Miqueliana, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, debit, pinnato ; foliis laxius imbricatis, patentibus, oblongo-ovatis. obtusis, planiusculis; lobulo caulem amplexante, apice obtusiusculo, patenti-recurvo ; — — lineari-ob- longo, ore truncato. 378 NEW HEPATIC. Has. Java, in Prov, Buitenzorg. 1843. Dr. Miquel, Herb. Hook. Patches creeping among Musci, very pale olive-green. Stems about 1 inch long, subbipinnate. The lobule, on the full grown stems, is amplexicaul, and has a patent summit, and exteriorly a deep sinus, which is sufficient to sepa- rate this species from our R. recubans, independent of the more ovate leaves, 9. R. retroflexa, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, ramoso; foliis subimbricatis, patenti-reflexis, oblongis, apice rotun- datis, integerrimis; lobulis erectis, cauli adpressis, subim- bricatis, lanceolatis, obtusiusculis, decurrentibus. Has. Pacific Isles. Nightingale, Hook. Herb. Patches wide, yellowish dusky-olive. Stems more than 1 inch long. Leaves recurved from where they join the lobule, rather long. Lobules pointing forwards, imbricated so as nearly to conceal the stems. We have not seen the R. lin- gulata, Gottsche, from Java, but if we may judge of the brief description in Syn. Hepat., ours is closely allied to it ; differing by the decurrent leaves and more lanceolate lo- bules. 12. Maporueca, Dumort. "m 1. M. squamulifera, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscen- dente, vage bipinnato, squamuloso ; pinnis patenti-recurvis j foliis imbricatis, patentibus, subquadratis, ovatis, apice recurvis, basi undulatis, integerrimis; lobulis stipulisque oblongis, obtusis, basi processus minutos demittentibus; 1 calyce subsessili, laterali, late ovato, compresso, ore angus- — tato, denticulato. Has. Pillzhum, Columbia, 1897. Prof. William Jameson, 1 Hook. Herb.; also in woods at Baños, and in the Forest — of Esmeraldos, Jameson. Tufts wide, brownish-olive, Fronds complanate. Stems 4 6-8 inches long, covered with minute, waved, and involut — scales, Perichætial leaves obtuse, most minutely toothed, NEW HEPATIC, 379 subpatent. Pedicel about twice as long as the calyx. Cap- sule oblongo-ovate. This approaches M. Douglasii, Tayl., in habit; but the scaly stems and the narrow-mouthed and distinctly toothed calyx will readily distinguish it. 2. M. arborea, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscendente vage bipinnatim ramoso, ramis attenuatis, subflagelliformibus, deflexis; foliis laxe imbricatis, patentibus, late ovatis, obtusis, margine undulatis, basi ciliato-dentatis; lobulis stipulisque oblongis, obtusis, basi processus lineares feren- tibus, perichætialibus erectiusculis, acutis, dentatis; calyce campanulato, laterali, oris laciniis lanceolatis, ciliato-den- tatis. Has. On Pichincha, and in woods on Assuay, Peru, at 10,000 feet elevation. Prof. William Jameson, Hook. Herb. Tufts loose, brownish-olive. Stems 10-12 inches high; shoots complanate. Leaves obtuse, waved, especially on the ventral margin. Calyptra large, rather opaque and brown! Calyx split down on one side. Pedicelabout twice as long as the calyx. Capsule oblongo-ovate. This is allied to the pre- ceding, differing, however, by the wide mouthed calyx, with acuminate /acinie, and very remarkably by the dentato-ciliate, acute perichætial leaves. Again, the base of the leaf is not decurrent, as in M. subciliata, L. et Ldbg., nor are the lobules imbricated orligulate. The larger fronds, bipinnate ramifi- cation, and the complanate and more patent leaves separate ours from M. Leiboldi, Gottsche. 2. M. Douglasii, Tayl.; fronde lanceolata, utrinque acumi- nata; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscendente, subbipinnato ; pinnis attenuatis, patenti-recurvis, foliis imbricatis, pa- tenti-recurvis, subrotundato-ovatis, apice recurvis, margine planis, oblique cordatis, basi recurvis, obtusis ; stipulis late ovato-oblongis, decurrentibus, integerrimis ; calyce laterali, exangusta basi rotundato-obovato, Menos we — recurvo, minutissime denticulato. Has. North-west coast of America. Douglass, Hook. Herb. Yellowish olive-green. Stems 6-8 inches long; pinnules very slender, Perigonia occupying the place of pinnules, 380 NEW HEPATICÆ. and so arising from the pinne, short, linear obtuse spikes, parallel with the principal stem. Perichetia usually occu- pying the place of pinne, and so arising from the principal stems. Calyces nearly sessile, having but one or two pairs of perichætial leaves. Pedicels about twice as long as the calyces. Capsule oblong, split down to the base into four segments. At the inner base of the lobules of the larger leaves a most minute revolute process occurs. This differs from M. navicularis, Nees, if we may trust to the characters given of the latter in the Synopsis Hepaticarum, by the more elongated fronds, acuminated at both ends, by the closer and more attenuated branchlets, by the rotundato-ovate leaves, whose posterior bases are not undulated and crisped, by the less considerable lobule, by the oblongo-ovate stipules and by the wider mouth of the calyx, the denticulations on whose mouth are observable only under a high power of the micro- scope. 4. M. obtusata, Tayl; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscendente, — pinnato ; pinnis alternis, brevissimis, obtusatis; foliis im- - r bricatis, patentibus, rotundato-rhomboideis, apice sub- acutis, reflexis, margine integerrimis, basi amplexante pos- tice elongata; lobulis oblongo-ovatis obtusis, hinc gibbis, margine reflexis basi amplexante utrinque elongata ; stipu- lis ex ovata basi angustius oblongis, margine reflexis ume utrinque elongatis subdentatisque. Han. Canaries. Lemann, Hook. Herb. 1 Tufts flattish, wide, dusky olive-green. Stems 2-3 inches E long. Branches numerous, crowded, very short, erecto- 4 patent. Leaves closely imbricated, the dorsal margin nearly patent, the ventral more rounded and irregularly waved at the base; the lobules and stipules have on each side.of the base a free, waved and toothed process ; the lobule is uncon- nected with the leaf, This species resembles male individuals of Jung. Thuja, Dickson, yet differs by the want of gloss to the foliage, by the more closely pinnated stems, by the shorter branches, and by the more considerable appeal to the lobules and stipules. NEW HEPATICJE; 881 5. M. recurva, Tayl; caule laxe cæspitoso, adscendente, tripinnato, surculis gracilibus, complanatis ; foliis imbri- catis, erecto-patentibus late triangulari-ovatis, integerrimis, margine dorsali gibboso, ventrali recurvo ; lobulis compli- catis, linearibus, cauli subadpressis; stipulis lineari-trian- gularibus, acutiusculis, apice recurvis basi amplexantibus, . decurrentibus; calyce sessili, laterali, orbiculari-ovato, ore angustato, plicato, subquadridentato. Has. Colchaque; South America; n. 44. Hook. Herb. Pale olive-green. Stems 5-6 inches long; branches patent. Leaves closely imbricated, short; the lobule united by its entire base, slightly curved next to the stem. Perigonia and Perichelia on the anterior edges of the branches ; the former are very short spikes ; the latter composed of a few subentire leaves. This is allied to our M. gracilenta, from Con- ception, but the leaves are smaller and more crowded, the lobule joined by its entire base to the leaf, the stipules more narrow and acute, and the calyces narrower. T 6. M. gracilenta, Tayl.; caule laxe implexo, adscendente, Subbipinnato ; ramis attenuatis, decurvis; folis subimbri- catis, subpatentibus, late oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, apicula- fis, integerrimis, margine ventrali recurvo; lobulis ligu- latis, margine reflexis, subdecurrentibus ; stipulis ex de- currente cordata basi oblongis emarginatis, subbidentatis ; calyce sessili, laterali, rotundato, compresso, convexo, ore minuto denticulato ; foliis perichætialibus subdentatis. Has. Conception; n. 152, Beechey, Hook. Herb. - Patches loose, tawney-olive. Stems 2-3 inches lonz ; branches subfastigiate towards the tops of the stems. Peri- chetia small compared with the calyx, their leaves patent, acute, subdentate, their lobules lanceolate, their stipules — nearly round, emarginate, strongly dentate. Pedicel scarcely = — exserted. Capsule oblong. This has some resemblance to Jung. distans, Schweinitz, (which, probably include Pu M. Porella, Nees, and M. rivularis, Nees,) the similitude, however, is limited to the small-mouthed and round calyx; 382 NEW HEPATICÆ. for the apiculate leaves and emarginate stipules readily dis- tinguish them. 7. M. Columbica, Tayl.; caule subcæspitoso, adscendente, bi-tripinnato ; ramis patentibus ; foliis approximatis, erecto- patentibus, ex angusta basi subrotundis, convexis, margine exteriori recurvis, basi planis ; lobulis stipulisque obovatis, margine subreflexis, basi runcinato-subunidentatis; peri- goniis ovato-oblongis, sessilibus. Has. Pillzhum, Columbia. Prof. William Jameson. Pale tawney-olive, somewhat greener at the tops of the stems, which are 4-5 inches long, distantly pinnate, with short patent branches, which again appear minutely pinnu- late, with perigonial branchlets. Leaves scarcely imbricated, oblique, nearly round. Lobules scarcely attached to the leaves, the upper ones subacute, slightly incurved towards the stem. This differs from Jung. platyphylloidea, Schweinitz, by the narrower and flatter shoots, the more distant leaves, their minuter cells, and by the lobules and stipules being fringed at their bases, with a few spinous teeth. We have not seen M. subciliata, L. et Lind. ; ours, however, disagrees with the characters given of that species by the rotundate, (not ovate), leaves by the want of any decurrent ciliato- dentate base to the leaves, by the lobules not being imbri- cated, nor ligulate, but obovate, and by the runcinato-dentate bases of both lobules and stipules. 13. BaxorrEmis, Lindbg. 1. B. fruticulosa, ''ayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, erecto, pin- E nato; ramis approximatis, patentibus; folis imbricatis - patentibus, oblongo-ovatis, acutis, dentatis, margine ven trali prope lobulum sinuato, subplano ; lobulis minutis, tumidis, ovatis, involutis, subunidentatis ; stipulis obovato* 4 rotundatis, dentatis, margine valireéüry ai: ; Has. St. Domingo; n. 39. Hook. Herb. Dark olive-brown; shoots nearly 2 inches high ; branches 4 about jan inch long. ‘The species of Bryopteris are most — ER ae ise eS eee ae dé A 9 4T NEW HEPATIC. 383 nearly allied. In the Synopsis Hepaticarum, B. filicina, Swartz, and Jung. filicina, Hook. are united; but although Swartz may have collected both, and placed both under one name in his herbarium, yet we believe that a specimen given to us by Dickson, in 1814, and which he received from Swartz as Jung. filicina of his Flor. Ind. Occid. differs from the Hookerian species by the more crowded leaves, by their ventral margin being involute, by the more oblong stipules, by the greater size of the species, and by the more pectinate stems. Ours, again, differs from the plant of Swartz just ` alluded to, and which it more nearly resembles than Jung. filicina, Hook. by the less crowded though larger leaves, by the ventral margin presenting a remarkable sinus close to the lobule, and which makes the entire leaf recurved, by the shorter lobules and shorter stipules, whose margins are less recurved, It differs from both by the larger cells of the leaves, 14. THYSANANTHUS, Lindb. 1. T. scutellatus, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, dicho- tomo, surculis erectis; folis imbricatis, subpatentibus, convexis, oblongis, integerrimis, apice recurvis, basi sinu- ato-complicatis; lobulis rotundis involutis; stipulis sub- imbricatis, rotundatis; perichætii immersi foliis lateralibus subintegerrimis, ovato-lanceolatis, lobulis lanceolatis, sti- pularibus elongate obovatis, emarginato-bifidis; calyce axillari, oblongo, angulis integerrimis. Has. New Zealand. Allan Cunningham, Mr. H. Watson’s Herb, | Patches wide, dark olive. Stems about 1 inch long. Leaves largely cellulose, closely imbricated, subdeflexed. Stipules scarcely twice as broad as the stems. The pale Perichætium is quite concealed between the base of the calyx and the last pair of cauline leaves, and is not half of the length of the calyx; its lateral leaves are acute, the lo- bule acuminate. Nearly allied to our T. anguiformis, likewise from New Zealand; but distinguished by the 384 NEW HEPATICÆ. rounder lobules of the leaves, by the shorter perichætium, by its acuminate lobule, and by the angles of the calyx being entire. 2. T. ophiocephalus, Tayl.; caule subcæspitoso, procumbente, compresso, parce ramoso, per intervalla coarctato; foliis convexis, arcte imbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, integerri- mis, apice rotundatis, recurvis, basi sinuato-complicatis; - lobulis majoribus ovatis, involutis, extus unidentatis ; sti- pulis laxe imbricatis, tenuissimis, rotundis, integerrimis, | -apice recurvis ; perigoniis terminalibus, ovalibus. _Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Dr. Sinclair. Patches reddish-brown. Stems more than 1 inch long, - about one third of a line wide, lying nearly parallel, chan- 1 nelled above, annual prolongations narrowed at each end, s0 — the stem appears here and there strangulated. Leaves - closely imbricated even when wet, more patent than the E lobules, which are large and tumid. Perigonial leaves short, - obtuse, their lobules much inflated. No perichætia or calyces — observed. The reddish colour, and the canaliculate and : strangulated stems are very distinctive of this species. 1 15. Prycantuus, Nees. 1. P. mollis, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule subdisperso, repente | ^ = vage subpinnato ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, rotundato- - ovatis, obtusis, integerrimis, basi sinuato-plicatis ; lobulo 3 subquadrato basi involuto, apice adpresso; stipulis minori- - bus, rotundatis, integerrimis; calyce laterali, obovato, SUI" sum 8-10-plicato, tubifero. pit Has. New Zealand. A morsel found on lichens, Dr. J. D. Hooker, 1844. Stems brownish olive, flexuose, scarcely exceeding 3 lines in length. Leaves closely imbricated, tumid, soft, their cel- lules large and distinct, in outline like the opening of Helis auricularia, L. Stipules not imbricated. Perichætial leaves large, erect, very concave, the lateral angulato-rotundate bilobate, the lesser lobe rounded at the top and separated a very shallow notch, stipular leaf from a narrow base obo NEW HEPATICÆ. 385 vato-rotundate. Calyx (only one was observed including a green capsule,) scarcely exserted, from a narrow base obo- vato-rotundate, smooth below, with 8-10 obtuse ribs above, topped by a narrow tube. The much smaller size, duskier colour, the leaves not apiculate, and obovate calyx, will readily distinguish this from Pt. sulcatus, Nees; whilst * the flat, distichous, obliquely ovate and acute leaves" of Pt. retu- sus, Nees, keep it apart from our plant. 2. Pt. pycnocladus, Tayl.; caule subcæspitoso, procumbente, ramoso, ramis brevibus, turgidis, adscendentibus; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, oblongis, subdecurvis, inte- gerrimis, margine ventrali incurvo, lobulo ovato involuto ; stipulis imbricatis subrotundis ; calyce terminali, subexerto, subdecemplicato, tubo coronato. Has, On bark. Malacca. Hook. Heró. Patches wide, dusky brownish-purple. Branches nume- rous, close, all pointing in the same direction, thick, obtuse. Leaves, when wetted, shining and patent ; the perichætial pair with a sinus, bilobate, the stipular entire, oblongo-rotundate. The calyces become conspicuous by the expanding of the moistened leaves, they have about ten ribs, and a consider- abletube above. Neither this nor the preceding species has the natural habit of the genus. 16. OMPHALANTHUS, Lindb. et Nees. l. O. gracilipes, Tayl. ; caulé subdisperso, debili, procumbente, ramoso; folis laxe imbricatis, patentibus, late oblongis, obtusis, integerrimis, lobulo ovato, tumido, involuto ; sti- pulis majoribus, cordatis, sinuato-bifidis, segmentis inte- getrimis ; calyce demum laterali, ex basi gracillima oblan- ceolato, levi, inflato, quam perichætio triplo longiori, apice depresso, elongate tubifero. E Has. Pacific Isles, Nightingale, Hook. Herb. zd Patches loose and scattered among Musci, very pale or Whitish-brown. Stems rather more than 1 inch long. Leaves but little imbricated, patent, or sometimes with their tops VOL. v, ; FF 386 NEW HEPATICAE. deflexed, rounded or very obtusely angular, slightly convex, largely cellulose. The apez of the lobule lies adpressed upon the leaf, but its base is involute and tumid. Perichætial leaves smaller than the cauline, erect, adpressed to the slightly curved, slender base of the calyx. Tube of the calyx curved, conspicuous. This species has the habit of the Euro- pean Lejeunia serpyllifolia, Libert ; independently of its generic difference, the plant is browner, and has larger and more cordate stipules. 17. PHRAGMICOMA, Dumort. 1. P. plicatiscypha, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente subramoso ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, ob- longis, obtusiusculis, apice recurvis ; lobulis anguste ovatis; acutis, involutis; stipulis rotundatis, integerrimis; calyce terminali, immerso, obcordato, quadrangulo, angulis alatis; dentatis, tubo minuto coronato. ; Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Dr. Sinclair, Hook. Herb. Tufts loose, dusky green or brownish. Stems about j an inch high, reticulated with large distinct cells. Perichætial leaves similar to the cauline, but larger. Calyx half-immersed, having four wings, the two superior of which are the most ` considerable. This, in many respects, strongly resembles Lejeunia applanata, Nees; the lobules of the leaves, however, — are more elongated and smaller, the cellules of the leaves — 2 larger, whilst the compressed calyx more properly comes + under the present genus. | E 2. P. testudinea, Tayl.; caule laxe implexo, procumbente, — subramoso; folis arctius imbricatis, patenti-recurvis, ob- a longis, obtusissimis, integerrimis, margine reflexis; lobulis - lanceolatis, involutis, subunidentatis; stipulis minutis, a rotundis, integerrimis. ter oy Has. On bark. Cincinnati, Ohio. Patches thin, closely adpressed to the bark, whitish-green« 4 Shoots linear, obtuse. Leaves singularly imbricated. — - Mower NEW HEPATICÆ. 387 pules minute, compared with the size of the leaves. In Ptycanthus sulcatus, Nees, from Java, the leaves are far more distant, while their lobules are subrotund. 3. P. cyclostipa, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente vage ramoso, surculis compressis; foliis imbricatis patenti-re- curvis, oblongis, obtusissimis, integerrimis; lobulis quad- rato-ovatis, involutis, unidentatis ; stipulis reniformi-rotun- dis, integerrimis ; calyce terminali, subexerto, obcordato, compresso, supra plano, subtus ventricoso, quadrialato, alis ciliatis, ciliis dentatis. Has. On bark. Cincinnati, Ohio. Patches very pale green, the older brownish, lying close to the bark. Stems about $ an inch long. Perichætial leaves large, nearly covering the calyx, the lateral toothed, the sti- pular entire. Calyx crowned with a minute tube. "This is far minuter and paler than P. Mackaii, Nees, while the fringed calyx is quite distinctive, and, indeed, more like that of Leéjeunia applanata, Nees. 4. P. baccifera, Tayl.; caule subdisperso, planiusculo, elon- gato, procumbente, vage ramoso; foliis imbricatis, patenti- bus, oblongo-ovatis, integerrimis, apice recurvis, margine ventrali retiusculo, sinuato-plicato; lobulis minutis ligulatis subglobose involutis; stipulis majoribus, rotundo-reni- formibus, imbricatis, subemarginatis ; calyce laterali, com- presso, oblongo, ore bilabiato, dentato ; perichætiis minutis, foliis lateralibus bilobis, lobis subæquahbus, — in- curvis, Has. New Holland. Hook. Herb. Pale olive. Stems 2-3 inches long, complanate ; branches | patent, few, the terminal shoot elongated. Leaves and sti- pules very thin and with large distinct cells. Leaves closely Pips imbricated, flaccid ; the minute lobule, when unfolded, ligu- late, but in its usi involute state appearing sphe | . Opaque. Calyx lateral and nearly sessile, three times as s high as the perichetium, whose leaves are very minute. Calyx rather concave on the upper side, convex on the lower, desti- tute of ribs, if a minute opaque mesial line on the upper side FF 2 388 NEW HEPATIC. be excepted. The singularity of New Holland plants attaches to this species of Phragmicoma in its curious lobules of the leaves. We have seen but two calyces, and these upon the same stem, yet one of them had the bilabiate mouth strongly and distinctly dentate, the other had it quite entire ! 5. P. ustulata, Tayl.; caule implexo, nigrescente, procum- bente, basi vage ramoso; foliis verticalibus, arcte imbrica- tis, erecto-patentibus, rotundato-ovatis, concavis, integerri- mis, margine dorsali planiusculo, gibboso, ventrali recurvo ; lobulis rotundatis, implicatis, crenulatis ; stipulis obcordatis; lobis subemarginatis. Has, Philippine Islands. Cuming, Hook. Herb. Patches wide, blackish when dry, when moist with a pur- ple tint. Stems about 1 inch long, rather slender ; branches irregular. Leaves with large cells at the base and the central parts. The fruit has not been observed. This may be com- - pared with P. polycarpa, Nees; the leaves, however, are more erect, wider, and their central cellules much larger, the sti- pules so much emarginated as to be nearly obcordate. Dr. Montagne appears to have received a lichen from the Philippine Isles, gathered by Cuming, under the same n. 2188. 18. Les EUNIA, Gottsche et Yid. * Stipulis indivisis. 1. L. calyculata, Tayl. ; caule implexo, ne e sub- ramoso; foliis patenti-recurvis, oblongis, obtusissimis, integerrimis, subdeflexis ; lobulis involutis, lanceolatis; stipulis, rotundis, integerrimis ; calyce demum axillari, sub- — exserto, obcordato, quadrialato, alis integerrimis, tubo ` coronato. to Has. On Gyrophora spadochroa, Ach., Laurel Mountain, Pennsylvania. 7. G. Lea, Hook. Herb. ; 4 - Patches minute, pale green. Stems scarcely 4 lines long. Leaves loosely imbricated, their margins when dry. recurved. NEW HEPATICÆ, 389 Perichætial leaves nearly as long as the calyx, erect, narrow, acute; a pair of annotinous shoots issue from beneath the calyx. This is allied to our Phr. microscypha, from St. Helena; it is, however, a smaller and paler plant, and has the leaves more patent; besides, the calyces are not lateral as in that species. 2. L. adglutinata, Tayl. ; caule disperso, repente, adnato, vage ramoso, surculis complanatis; foliis laxe imbricatis, pa- tentibus, recurvis, acinaciformibus, obtusis, margine denti- culato; lobulis dimidiato-ovatis inflexis ; stipulis tenuissi- mis, minutis, rotundatis, denticulatis, apice fissis. Han. Cayenne. Richard, Hook. Herb. Patch dark brown. Stems 1-2 inches long; branches short. Leaves loosely imbricated, flaccid, their cellules towards their bases very large ; the dorsal margin is more curved than the. ventral. Stipules very thin, so as to be inconspicuous. Itis allied to L. tortuosa, L. et L., but the bifid stipules and more minutely denticulate leaves, readily distinguish it. Perhaps it were better placed in the next section. | 3. L. Dominghensis, Tayl.; caule. implexo, repente, vage ramoso ; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, oblongis, apice subdeflexis, rotundatis, integerrimis, basi sinuato-complica- tis; lobulis late ovatis, obtusissimis, inflexis; stipulis rotundatis, apice reflexis, integerrimis; perichætii foliis lateralibus bilobis, lobis acuminatis, stipulari bifido; peri- goniis terminalibus ; calyce in ramulo terminali, immerso, subsphærico, apice corrugato. | Has. St. Domingo; n. 38. Hook. Herb. Patches dusky yellowish-olive. .. Stems about 1 inch long, scarcely pinnate. Leaves closely imbricated. Lobules withi — inflexed, obtuse tops, pointing rather towards the stems. Perigonia ovato-lanceolate. . Calyx obovato-rotunde e, the lacinig of the mouth apiculate. Perichetia large, : or seal ng the calyx, their leaves bilobate ; the lobule ac nearly as long as the greater lobe. This. may be known from the succeeding species by the lobules of the leaves pointing 390 NEW HEPATICA. inwards towards the stems, and by the acuminate lobules of the perichætial leaves. 4. L. linguefolia, Tayl.; caule implexo, repente, vage ramoso ; foliis arcte imbricatis, patenti-recurvis, oblongis, apice de- flexis, concavis, integerrimis, basi sinuato-complicatis ; lobulis subrotundis, involutis, subdenticulatis; stipulis rotundatis, subemarginatis, integerrimis; calyce axillari, immerso, obovato, subeompresso, dorso uniplicato, carina triplicata, tubo minuto coronato. i Has. St. Thomas. Richard, Hook. Herb. 1814. Patches, when dry, very dark brown ; when wet, brownish- olive. Stems about 1 inch long. Leaves soft; lobules invo- lute, ovato-lanceolate, but when expanded artificially, qua- drato-rotundate, crenulate. Perichetia nearly covering the calyx, their lateral leaves with a shallow sinus dividing the two lobes, of which the lesser is acute, the greater rotundate ; stipular leaf emarginato-bifid. Perigonia in the course of the shoots, linear ; anthers minute, reddish-brown. This has à more compressed calyx than the preceding. 5. L. polyphylla, 'Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, vage subpinnato ; foliis verticalibus, imbricatis, concavis, late dimidiato-cordatis, integerrimis; lobulis involutis lanceo- latis, apice folio incumbentibus, crenulatis; stipulis minu- tis, reniformibus, amplexantibus, integerrimis; calyce immerso, rotundato obovato, sursum 5-6-cristato, cristis subdenticulatis, ore minutissime tubifero. - Asc Has. Cincinnati. Hook, Herb. ; À minute patch only was observed, apparently taken off of bark; olive-coloured. Stems scarcely 4 lines long. Leaves largely cellulose. Calyx terminal on short branches, whose leaves are in a rapidly increasing series; it is quite concealed in the perichetium, whose leaves are very wide and erect, and whose lobule is oblong, obtuse, or rounded. Capsule sphæ- ; rical, split down nearly to the base, the /acinie reflexed. The leaves are wider and rounder than in Phr. versicolor, L. et Ly and more largely cellulose; the denticulate crests of the NEW HEPATICÆ. 391 calyx are very distinctive. It may be observed that in the Synopsis Hepaticarum, p. 297, under Phragmicoma versicolor, L. and L., are given * Jung. auriculata. Wils. MSS." and * Phragmicoma spathulistipa, var. B, Nees in Herb. Wight (an species distincta)?" "These two, however, appear to be distinct species; for the former has the leaves more closely imbricated, longer, deflexed, and their cellules far more mi- nute. Itis uncertain which of the two is described in the Synopsis. 6. L. eulopha, Tayl.; caule disperso, procumbente vage ra- moso; folis imbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, apice recur- vis, integerrimis; lobulis involutis, ovatis, acutis, apice folio incumbentibus; stipulis majoribus late rotundatis, integerrimis; foliis perichætialibus anguste oblongis acu- tiusculis, stipulari majori, omnibus recurvis, dentatis ; calyce terminali, oblongo-obcordato, quadrialato, alis cris- tatis, cristis pinnatifido-dentatis. $ Has. Pacific Isles. Nightingale, Hook. Herb. Patches very loose, creeping among Musci, brown, turning white when old. Stems 1-2 inches long ; shoots complanate. Lobule of the leaf inflexed and tumid next to the stem, but exteriorly lying flat on the leaf, as in certain Radule. Peri- chetia terminal, large, the lobule subulate and acuminate. This may be compared with Jung. transversalis, Sw.; it is, however, a smaller plant, with leaves wider at their summits, and the calyces have more compound crests. 7. L. tenuifolia, Tayl.; caule laxe implexo, procumbente, vage ramoso ; foliis laxius imbricatis, patentibus, tenuibus, ex angusta ve rotundatis, integerrimis, margine subflex- uosis, basi sinuato-complicatis, decurrentibus; lobulis subquadratis, inflexis, unidentatis ; stipulis igiene sub- rotundis, margine subundulatis, integerrimis 5 5 pengoni lateralibus, sessilibus, minutis, surculo ang asi oribus, vibus, ovato-linearibus, obtusis. 45 Eee Han. On Musci, Casapi. Mathews, Hook. Herb. e. Patches loose, dusky olive-green. Stems about 1 inch long; branches few, regule in — Leaves flattish, 392 NEW HEPATICÆ. thin, their central cellules large. This resembles our Phrag- micoma cyclostipa, but the shoots are more elongated, the leaves less imbricated, thinner, their margins more waved, and their figure more round. 8. L. Malaccensis, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, vage subpinnato; ramis rectiusculis; foliis arcte imbricatis, vertiealibus, erecto-patentibus, mollibus, concavissimis, stipulisque obovato-rotundatis, integerrimis, margine tu- menti-inflexis ; lobulis minutis, ovatis, obtusissimis, invo- lutis; calyce terminali, immerso, obovato, supra compresso, -~ concavo, MERSER infra — carina 3-angu- lata. Has. On bai. Mdhsis: Hook. Herbs: Patches several inches wide, dark purplish-brown, some- what shining when wet. Stems 1-2 inches long. Stipules im- bricated. Margins of the perichætial leaves inflexed. We know not one of the Lejeunie with entire stipules to be compared with the present for the very remarkably broad incurvation of the ventral margin of its leaves; nor have any the cells so small, compared with the size of the plant. 9. L. repleta, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, erecto, apice subin- curvo, vage ramoso; surculis adscendentibus, utrinque at- tenuatis; folis arcte imbricatis, acinaciformibus, apice oblique truncatis ; lobulis subquadratis, involutis; stipulis obovato-cordatis, margine recurvis; perigoniis quam sur- | culis latioribus atque in sureulos abeuntibus; calyce | axillari, subexserto, obovato, supra compresso, concavo, subtus obtuse carinato, ore tubifero. | Has. Madras. Dr. Wight, Hook. Herb. Tufts dense, wide, blackish-brown. Stems 1-2 inches high. The perigonia occur in the course of the shoots, their leaves have large ventricose bases. Stipules oblong, with an obtuse - notch. Lateral perichætial leaves acute. "This resembles - Jung. hians, Lehm. MSS. in Hook. Herb., from which it may | be known by the obliquely truncate leaves, and by the lobule being larger and more acuminate, as well as by Ws darker colour and finer shoots. From Ph. bicolor, Nees, it D ES eae NEW HEPATICÆ. 393 is distinguished by the far denser structure of the leaves, which too, are longer, while the stipules are smaller. ** Stipulis divisis. 10, L. decora, Tayl.; caule implexo, prostrato, subramoso; foliis approximatis, subpatentibus, obovatis, apiculatis, dentatis; lobulis minutis, rotundato-ovatis ; stipulis cor- datis, bifidis; calyce demum axillari, oblongo-obcordato, spinoso-dentato. Has. Dominica. Hook. Herb. Patches scattered, pale olive-green. Stems scarcely half an inch long. Leaves loosely imbricated, rather flaccid, and flexuose, obtuse, yet with a sudden subulate apiculus, or large tooth. Perichætial leaves patent, their lobule ligulate, obtusely emarginate, the stipular oblong, bifid, denticulate. Calyx exserted. This, perhaps, may be compared with Lejeunia axillaris, Nees, having the calyx very similar, and the leaves dentate, but the bifid stipules and obtuse and api- culate leaves are abundant marks of difference. 11. L. crucianella, Tayl.; caule sparso, exili, procumbente, subramoso ; foliis laxis, erecto-patentibus, ovato-lingulatis, apice tridentatis, dentibus divaricatis; lobulis involutis ovatis, longius unispinosis; stipulis minutis, bipartitis, segmentis linearibus, divaricatis; perigoniis majoribus, terminalibus, ovato-lanceolatis. Har. On Jung. Boryana, Sw. Demarara. Inconspicuous, pale, scattered ; stems scarcely 1 line long. - Remarkable in the genus for the cruciform summits of the leaves, and singular in the elongate spine of the lobule. - 12. L. lyratifolia, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule minuto, tenui, sub- disperso, procumbente, vage ramoso; foliis laxis, patentibus, subquadratis, angulo antico exteriori producto ; lobulis ob- longis, involutis; stipulis bipartitis, segmentis lanceolatis, divaricatis; calyce axillari, ex angusta basi obovato, qua- drialato, tubifero. | chine FU | Has. On Parmelia diatrypa, Ach. Van Diemen’s Land. Patches very loose, very pale brownish-olive. Stems VOL. V, G G 394 NEW HEPATIC. scarcely 3 lines long ; branches few, irregular. Leaves harp- shaped, their outer margin recurved. Perigonia in short terminal spikes. Perichetia of a pair of erect leaves, with unequal acute segments, and an oblong bifid stipular one. Calyx exserted for half its length. Allied to Lej. hamatifolia, Nees; yet the acumination of one angle of the leaf is far shorter, and the leaves more patent and less imbricated. 13. L. capulata, Tayl.; caule disperso, exiguo, procumbente, vage ramoso ; foliis laxis, subpatentibus, lanceolatis, acu- minatis, margine ventrali ante lobuli ovati involutionem unispinosis, cæterum subintegris, stipulis minutissimis, bipartitis, segmentis setaceis, divaricatis ; perichætiis late- ralibus, eorum foliis bilobis, lobis erectis, stipula oblonga - bifida. Has. On a dicotyledonous leaf, accompanied by L. tortuosa, - | L. et L. Oware. Palisot de Beauvois. Patches minute, inconspicuous, pale brown. . Stems 1-2 lines long. Leaves appear twisted outwards, while the lobule is involute. Perichetia longer than the leaves, sessile, the base attenuated. Perigonia are filiform, terminal spikes; ig their leayes not one quarter of the size of the cauline. It is far more minute than L. hamatifolia, Nees; its leaves are more truly lanceolate and have each a curious single, spinous tooth near to the lobule, like the hilt of a dagger. 14. L. heterocheila, Tayl.; caule implexo, elongato, procum- I bente, subramoso ; ramis complanatis ; foliis subimbricatis, patentibus, oblongo-ovatis, apiculatis, apice subdentatis, — margine subflexuosis; lobulis minutis, subquadratis, in- flexis; stipulis majoribus, cordatis, bifidis, integerrimis. Has. On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson, Hook. Herb. Patches pale olive. Stems 2-3 inches long, one-twentieth of an inch wide. Leaves with their bases imbricated. Sti- pules four times as wide as the stems. This has all the habit | of L. languida, Mont. et Nees; the bifid stipules at once- distinguish them. 15. L. longiuscula, Tayl.; : caule implexo, debili, elongato, subsimplici, subflexuoso ; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patenti- eee MM NEW HEPATICÆ. 395 bus, flaccidis, curvato-ovatis, acutis, subunidentatis, mar- gine exteriori incurvo; lobulis minutis, involutis ; stipulis majoribus, rotundato-oblongis, bifidis, margine inflexis, integerrimis. : Han. Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro. Mr. Bunbury, Hook. Herb. Pale olive; branches few, elongated. Stipules more than half of the size of the leaves; cellules of both large and dis- tinct. Allied to the preceding, but the leaves are more erect, shorter and more entire, whilst the stipules are far larger and more oblong. 16. L. cordifissa, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, vage ramoso, foliis subimbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, acuminu- latis, convexis, celluloso-crenulatis ; lobulis minutis, sub- rotundis, involutis; stipulis majoribus, rotundato-cordatis, apice fissis, celluloso-crenulatis. Haz. Demarara, C. S. Parker. Forest of Esmeraldos, Prof. W. Jameson. The described specimens were collected by Professor Jameson. Patches wide, sordid green. Stems 1-2 inches long. Leaves loosely imbricated, their tops recurved and acuminulate, Exceedingly like L. sordida, Nees, from Java, from which ours may be known by the more imbricated leaves, by their crenulated margins, and greater size of the Stipules, 17. L. epitheta, Tayl.; caule sparso, repente, adpresso, vage ramoso; sureulis complanatis; foliis laxis, erecto-patenti- bus, ex angusta basi dimidiato-ovatis, acutis, dentatis ; lobulis ovato-lanceolatis, involutis ; stipulis minutis, bipar- titis, segmentis subulatis, divaricatis; perigoniis terminali- bus, linearibus, obtusis. Has. On a dicotyledonous leaf. West Indies, M. Coulon, Hook. Herb. 1814. LE. Pale brown. Stems about 4 an inch long. Leaves rather distant, the base narrow, slightly twisted, dorsal margin gib- bous, ventral nearly straight. Allied to L. lunulata, Nees, but the leaves are acute and more strongly dentate. alt GG2 396 NEW HEPATICÆ. 18. L. Lyncei, Tayl; caule sparso, repente, subsimplici ; foliis laxis, erecto-patentibus, lingulatis, subacutis, compla- natis, integerrimis; lobulis minutis, ovatis, involutis ; sti- pulis nullis. Han. On Diplazium Fraterni, Presl. Martinique, Dr. Gre- villes Herb. Stems pale green, scarcely 1 line long; the leaves as well as the stems sending out fibres terminated by wide discs, by which they radicate. Cellules of the leaves large. In some respects it is allied to L. microscopica, Tayl. but the leaves are flat, slightly ineurved forwards, and so remind one of the habit of Schistostega osmundacea, Mohr. 19. L. longiflora, 'Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, vage ramoso; surculis subflexuosis, complanatis; foliis tenuis- simis, imbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, apice rotundatis, integerrimis; lobulis minutis, ovatis, subunidentatis, invo- lutis ; stipulis rotundatis, planis, apice fissis, subbidenticu- latis; calyce laterali, sessili, subnudo, ex angusta basi obo- - vato, quinquealato, alis subintegris, apice tubifero. Has. Cincinnati, Ohio. Hook. Herb. 3 Patches pale dusky-olive. Stems about 1 inch long. Mo- .- noicous. Perigonial spikes at the base or in the course ofthe — shoots. Perichetia minute, their leaves erect, scarcely larger : than the cauline, the stipular obovato-rotundate, split at the — top, the lateral subacute, Stipules rather large. Cells uw both leaves and-stipules sometimes with an irregular series c minuter cellules around their circumference. From Junge tabularis, Sprengel, ours may be known by its more obtuse and more imbricated leaves, and by its larger stipules, which are simply split above, but have no divaricating segments. | : "n 20. L. polyploca, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, = moso ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, acuti se apice recurvis, integerrimis; lobulis ovatis, erecto-patenti- bus, subunidentatis ; stipulis: majoribus late cordatis, bre- viter cmarginatis, integerrimis ; foliis perichætialibus elon- NEW HEPATICA. 397 gatis, convolutis ; calyce ramulum terminante, anguste obovato, sursum 5-plicato, ore minuto ; perigoniis laterali- bus, breviter spicatis, obtusis. Has. Pacific Isles, Nightingale, Hook. Herb. Tufts wide, dense, olive-brown. Stems scarcely 1 inch long, much branched, Margins of the stipules flexuose. Barren perichetia erect, cylindrical. In L. frifaria, Nees, the leaves are not so long, have no acute point, and the cells are far larger, 21. A. repens, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, subpin- nato, flexuoso ; ramis brevibus ; foliis imbricatis, patenti- recurvis, oblongis, obtusissimis, margine subundulatis ; lobulis minutis, triangularibus, subunidentatis, involutis ; stipulis rotundatis, convexis, apice fissis; calyce laterali, oblongo-obovato, quinquealato, tubifero ; perigoniis spicatis, sessilibus, Has. Demarara. Grevilles Herb. Patches wide, olive-brown. Stems 2-3 inches long, often with very short branches. Monoïcous. Perigonia linear, lateral. Perichætia on short branches. This is larger than our L. longiflora, the leaves are more distant, more patent, and more undulate, their lobules are more minute, the calyces are not SO narrow at their bases, and the perigonia do not 9ccur in the course of the shoots, but form lateral spikes. This is quoted in Synopsis Hepat. p. 364, under L. elegans, . Gottsche, a plant, as it would appear, whose locality qe fructification are unknown; but whatever be Dr. Gottsche's Species, ours seems to differ from it, if we may judge from the : characters assigned to it, by the branches not being fascicled, — by the recurved leaves, by the stipules being contiguous but - Scarcely imbricated, and less than half the size of the leaves, Whilst their lobes are not acute. idi. dip eem 22. L. Vogelii, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, subra- moso; foliis laxis, erecto-patentibus, ex angusta basi -obo- vatis, integerrimis ; lobulis subnullis ; stipulis minutis, cor- datis, bifidis; calyce laterali, elongato-obovato, sursum ` Subplicato, tubifero. RE 398 NEW HEPATICÆ. Has. Maritime rocks. Niger expedition. Vogel. Hook. Herb. Tufts extensive, flat, olive-green. Stems 3-4 lines long, very slender. Leaves rather flaccid, largely cellulose, their lobule inconspicuous. Stipules scarcely wider than the stems. Perichætial leaves similar to the cauline. Perigonia terminal. Calyx twice as long as the leaves. In Jung. fenera, Sw. the leaves are much larger, more distant, and attached with a wider base. 23. L. tenella, Tayl.; caule subdisperso, procumbente, sub- ramoso; surculis elongatis, subsimplicibus ; foliis imbri- catis, erecto-patentibus, concavis, rotundato-quadratis, mar- gine recurvis, integerrimis; lobulis erectiusculis, ovatis, involutis, subunidentatis; stipulis majoribus, rotundato- ovatis, bifidis, segmentis subacutis. Has. On Dicranum fragile, Hook. Sincapore. Wallich. | Patches loose, pale yellowish-olive. Stems about 1 inch long, fine as human hair, when dry appearing nodulose. A single calyx was observed; it was obovate, 5-angled above, and crowned with a minute tube. Ours differs from L. emula, Gottsche, by the less concave and less patent leaves, and by the larger stipules with wider segments. 24. L. punctiformis, Tayl.; caule exili, sparso, procumbente, subramoso; foliis distantibus, erectis, ovatis, obtusissimis, concavissimis, integerrimis; lobulis subæqualibus, ova- tis, involutis ; stipulis minutis, bipartitis, segmentis lineari- bus, acutis. Has. East Indies. Dr. Wight. Dr. Greville’s Herb. Stems inconspicuous without a lens; scarcely 1 line long. — Leaves alternate, distant, erect or nearly adpressed to the — stem, like little spherules with the side next to the stem cut to admit the involute lobules. This approaches OU — L. bullata, likewise a tropical plant; the leaf, however, "- more spherical, the lobule quite as long, and the plant 5 - larger. : 25. L. bullata, Tayl.; caule exili, sparso, procumbente, sub- | ramoso ; foliis subapproximatis, erectiusculis, ovatis, rotun- - datis, concavissimis, integerrimis; lobulis latis, ovatis» NEW HEPATICÆ. 399 involutis, unidentatis ; stipulis minutis, bipartitis, segmen- tis linearibus, divaricatis ; calyce demum laterali, obovato, angulato, tubifero. Han. On bark. St. Vincent's. Rev. L. Guilding. Has all the habit of the preceding, differing by the ear- shaped leaf, the shorter unidentate lobule and minuter size. 26. L. lucens, Tayl.; caule laxe implexo, procumbente, vage ramoso; folis. distantibus, erecto-patentibus, elongate ovatis, obtusis, integerrimis; lobulis ovatis, unidentatis, involutis ; stipulis minutis, bipartitis, segmentis linearibus, divaricatis, Has, Cincinnati, Ohio. Hook. Herb. Whitish-green. Stems about 3 lines long. The leaves are more distant and more obtuse, the lobules larger, the seg- ments of the stipules more linear than in L. ova£a, Tayl. 27. L. albifolia, Tayl.; caule sparso, repente, adpresso, vage ramoso; surculis complanatis; folis imbricatis, patenti- recurvis, late rotundatis, integerrimis; lobulis ovatis, bi- . dentatis, involutis; stipulis minutis, bipartitis, segmentis divaricatis; calyce laterali, oblongo, apice 4-plicato. Has. On leaves. Oware. Palisot de Beauvois. À very minute patch only was observed. Stems about i inch long, and 1 line wide. Leaves pellucid, very thin; the lobule is scarcely involute though tumid. Perichetia very short. Perigonia lateral, ovate, obtuse. Differs from our L, epitheta by the entire leaves and bidentate lobule. — 28. L. microloba, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, basi vage ramoso; surculis elongatis, subsimplicibus ; foliis contiguis, patentibus, oblongis, subacutis, integerrimis, apice recurvis; lobulis minimis, lanceolatis, involutis EME pulis majoribus, cordatis, bipartitis, segmentis lanceolatis, integerrimis ; calyce ramulum terminante, ex angusta basi oblanceolato, tumido, retuso, apice subplicato. — Has. South Sea Isles. Nightingale, Hook. Herb. pum Tufts brownish. Stems rarely 2 inches long. Lobes of the perichætial leaves twisted, the stipular sinuato-bipartite. € large leaves and stipules, compared with the inconspicuous lobule, render this species singular. - 400 à NEW HEPATICÆ. 29. L. Drwmmondü, Tayl.; caule implexo, vage pinnato, repente ; foliis arcte imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, oblongis, obtusiusculis, integerrimis, apice recurvis, basi sinuato- complicatis; lobulis ovatis, involutis, subdecurrentibus; stipulis parvis, rotundis, bifidis; calyce laterali, oblanceo- lato, quinquealato, tubifero ; perigoniis lateralibus, rotundis, quam foliis minoribus. Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Pale straw-coloured. The leaves are longer and more acute than in L. contigua, Nees. 30. L. comitans, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule implexo, procum- bente, vage subramoso ; surculis sursum incrassatis ; foliis imbricatis, tumidis, patentibus, oblongis, acutiusculis, apice recurvis, integerrimis; lobulis ovatis, inflexis, subuniden- tatis; stipulis minutis, incontiguis, rotundatis, bifidis; calyce axillari, subexserto, obcordato, triquetro, tubifero. Has. Accompanied by Ptycanthus mollis, Tayl., from New Zealand. Pale olive. Stems scarcely 2 lines long. Leaves minutely cellulose, closely imbricated. Calyx flat above, with a single wide keel below. This, too, bears much resemblance to L. contigua, Nees; but the calyces are not quinquangular, and the leaves are longer and more acute. 19. FRuLLANIA, Raddi. 1. F. neurota, Tayl.; caule sparso, procumbente, subbipin- : nato ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, rotundato-ovatis, apice — recurvis, integerrimis, basi in auriculas galeiformes, sub- compressas, majores sinuato-complicatis; stipulis rotun- dato-ovatis, emarginato-bifidis, mediotenus uninerviis sub- : tus radicantibus; calyce terminali, oblongo, supra planius- — culo, subtus bicarinato, ore tubifero. Has. On Parmelia furfuracea, Ach. Nepal. Wallich. 1820. Purplish-brown. Stems 1-2 inches long. Leaves closely - imbricated ; the auricles of those near to the perichetium ex- — panded into an acutely triangular shape. Stipules wider than 2 NEW HEPATICÆ, 401 the stems, their notch very shallow, the nerve at the base very conspicuous, by which character this species differs from F. Eckloni Spreng., as well as by the entire perichætial leaves. 2. F polyptera, Tayl.; caule sparso, repente, vage pinnato, foliis laxiusculis, patentibus, rotundato-ovatis, convexis, _obtusiusculis, integerrimis, apice recurvis; auriculis galei- formibus, minutis ; stipulis ovatis, bifidis, segmentis acu- tis; calyce in ramis brevibus terminali, obovato septan- gulari, angulis denticulatis, ore contracto, tubo brevi coro- nato. Has. On Parmelia furfuracea, Ach. N epal. Wallich. 1820. Purplish-brown. Stems 1-2 inches long; branches short, patent. Auricle of the leaf sub-hemispherical, exteriorly uni- dentate. Stipules nearly bipartite, narrow. Auricle of peri- chætial leaves incurved and laciniated. Calyx oblong, with at least seven wings. Pedicel short, greenish-white. Cap- sule globose. From F. squarrosa, Nees, the present differs not only by the narrow, nearly bipartite stipules, whose seg- . ments are entire, but likewise by the plurialate calyx. 3. F. Drummondii, Tayl.; monoica; caule sparso, procum- bente, subpinnato ; foliis laxe imbricatis, patentibus, ob- longis, obtusis, integerrimis; aurieulis galeiformibus, de- curvis; stipulis minutis, oblongis, bifidis; foliis perichæ- talibus unidentatis ; calyce majori, ex angustiori basi ovato, apice retuso, tubifero ; perigoniis in ramis brevissi- mis terminalibus, rotundis. Han. On bark, Louisiana. J. Drummond. Patches scattered, minute, reddish-brown. Stems about 3 lines long, very slender. Leaves largely and distinctly cellulose, Stipules scarcely wider than thestems. Perichae- Hal leaves recurved, obtuse yet apiculated with a single tooth ; the Stipular much shorter, its segments lanceolate. Allied to Our F. fragilifolia, büt the leaves are destitute of moniliate 5; the calyx is much larger in proportion to the stems, the auricles are curved down, and the perichætial leaves are Unidentate, | ! 402 ‘NEW HEPATICÆ. 4. F. probosciphora, Tayl. ; caule implexo, procumbente, : subpinnato ; foliis imbricatis, semiverticalibus, patentibus, subplanis, rotundatis, integerrimis, caulem processu rotun- - dato, incurvo transeuntibus; auriculis majoribus, galei- formibus, folii margine inclusis; stipulis obovatis, bifidis, segmentis subtruncatis, obtuse dentatis; calyce terminali, lineari-oblongo, plicato, tubifero. Has. On bark. Van Diemen's Land. Gunn. 1832. - Patches minute, pale olive-green. Stems ! inch long; branches short, patent. Leaves, when moistened, rising up into a semivertical position, slightly concave; on the upper - surface each leaf crosses the stem by a flat, round, incurved process, which thus embraces the stem. Perichætial leaves — round, recurved, the auricle erect, lanceolate, toothed on the - | interior margin; the stipular lanceolate, bifid, the segments : dentate. Calyx conspicuous, having several longitudinal | plaits, especially on the inferior side. Differs from F. squar- rosula, Tayl., from New Zealand, by the less imbricated leaves, the longer auricles, by the subdentate segments of the : stipules, and by the more oblong and more ribbed calys - whose tube at its mouth is longer. . 5. F. microscypha, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, vas? ; ramoso ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, subrotundis, concavis, — integerrimis; auriculis galeiformibus folii partem tertiam - æquantibus ; stipulis minutis, bifidis, segmentis ovatis E acutis; calyce terminali, rotundato-obcordato, sursum 3 alato, tubifero, perichætium superante. « Has. On bark. North America. J. Drummond. Hook. Herb. Patches small, dark purplish-brown. Stems scarcely €x- ceeding 3 lines in length. Leaves in an increasing series t0 the top of the stem. Differs from F. fragilifolia, Tayl., by the perichætial leaves being entire, and by the short calyx, winged above. ns 6. F. pentepleura, 'Tayl.; caule implexo, prostrato, ramoso, sursum incrassato ; foliis verticalibus, imbricatis, rotundato ovatis, integerrimis; auriculis majoribus, galeiformibus + stipulis minutis, ovatis, bifidis; calyce terminali ex am NEW HEPATICÆ. 403 gusta basi obcordato, compressiusculo, sursum quinqui- costato; foliis perichætialibus rotundatis auriculis ob- longis, intus laciniam subulatam ferentibus; perigoniis oblongis. Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. —— Tufts in flattish cushions, very dark purple. Stems 3-4 lines long. Auricles of the leaves sometimes hypertrophied. Stipules not wider than the stems. From F. dilatata, Nees, the smooth calyx and from F. fragilifolia, Tayl. the oblong perigonia keep the present very distinct, whilst the 5-ribbed calyx separates it from our F. keviscypha. — — Lg leviscypha, Tayl.; caule exiguo, implexo, prostrato, subpinnato ; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, margine recurvis, integerrimis; auriculis galeiformibus; stipulis minutis, obovatis, bifidis, utrinque unidentatis ; calyce demum axil- lari, obcordato, levi, tubifero. . Han. On bark, n. 104. Columbus, Ohio. W. S. Sullivant. n. 150, Cincinnati. Lea. Hook. Herb. Patches 2-3 inches wide, dark brownish-olive. Stems 4 an long. Leaves loosely imbricated, convex. Stipules not Wider than the stems. Perichztial leaves roundish-egg- shaped, entire, their auricle having interiorly a single subulate spine; the stipular oblong, acute, bifid, subdentate. Calyx plane above, with a single tumid keel below. From F. fra- Jilifolia, Tayl., the present may be known by the perichetial leaves being entire; whilst all the leaves are more minutely and delicately cellulose. Wan. 8. F. macularis,'l'ayl.; caule implexo, repente, subpinnato ; foliis subimbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, obtusis, integerri- mis; auriculis galeiformibus, decurvis; stipulis minutis, ovatis, apice fissis, integerrimis; calyce terminali oblongo- obcordato, supra plano, lævi, subtus unicarinato, tubifero ; foliis perichætialibus oblongo-rotundatis, auriculis acutis, stipulari bifido, segmentis acuminatis. — > ~ Has. On bark. St. Vincent’s. Rev. L. Guilding. Patches 1-2 inches wide, purplish-brown. Stems scarcely 3 lines long. Auricles of the leaves close to the stem, their 404 NEW HEPATICÆ, decurved mouths pointing outwards, and reaching below the ventral margins of the leaves. Fissure of the stipules close, inconspicuous. Calyx three times as high as the perichetium. This differs from our F. microscypha by the smaller size, the more minute cells of the leaves, by the acute sinus of the stipules, and by the acuminate auricles of the perichætial leaves. 9. F. nana, Tayl.; caule subdisperso,.repente, vage ramoso, ramis gracillimis; folis subimbrieatis, patentibus, rotun- _dato-oblongis, integerrimis, obtusissimis ; auriculis galei- formibus folii partem tertiam æquantibus ; stipulis minutis, ovatis, bifidis; perigoniis late linearibus; calyce majori, terminali, obcordato, compresso, levi, angulis sursum sub- scabris, ore tubifero. Has. Lake Superior, N. America ; on Neckera pumila, Hedw. Dr. Grevilie’s Herbarium. Inconspicuous, very pale green. Stems scarcely 2 lines long. Perichætial leaves nearly round, their auricles lanceo- late with the margins reflexed, interiorly having a minute spine. Both perigonium and calyx large in proportion to the stems and leaves. It is far more minute than F. Aéchafalage, Hampe, and has the leaves more distant, with smaller cel- lules, and the segments of the stipules entire. 10. F. megalocarpa, Tayl. ; caule sparso, procumbente, laxe bipinnato, ramis moisiliabis foliis imbricatis, patentibus, - oblongo-ovatis, acutis, recurvis, integerrimis; auriculis cla- — | vato-oblongis, cauli paralellis, stylo subuliformi interjecto; - stipulis minutis, bifidis ; perigoniis rotundatis, sessilibus; - calyce majori, ramulum terminante, oblongo, supra ue | niusculo, subtus obtuse carinato, tubifero. E Has. On Musci. Van Diemen's Land. Dr. Greville's Herb. 4 Minute, scattered, brown. Dicecious, Stems scarcely 1 | inch long. Shoots of equal breadth. Both perigonia and | calyces large in proportion to the shoots, It is more minute - and slender than F. evilis, Tayl. from Demerara, and readily — distinguished by the style — between the auricle and the stem. MM SES DIT ee OT RES 3 1 NEW HEPATICÆ, 405 11. F. diplota, Tayl.; caule exiguo, rufescente, implexo, pro- cumbente, subbipinnato, pinnulis laxis ; foliis laxe imbri- catis, patentibus, amplexantibus, subquadrato-rotundatis, integerrimis, apice subrecurvis, margine dorsali gibboso ; auriculis ex angusta basi oblongis, obliquis, ultra folii basin demissis, stylo breviori lanceolato interjecto ; stipulis dis- tantibus rotundato-ovatis, bifidis, integerrimis. Has. On Parmelia sulcata, Tayl. Interior of New South Wales. R. Cunningham, 1836. Hewett Watson, Esq. Stems about 4 lines long. Leaves very thin. The style between the stem and the auricle is scarcely more than half as long as the latter. The cells of the leaves near their junc- tion with the stem are much larger than elsewhere. This is more minute than the European F. fragilifolia, Tayl., the absence of moniliate opaque cells in the leaves and the double auricles at once distinguish them. 12. F. ulotricha, Tayl.; caule cæspitoso, adscendente, sub- pinnato ; ramis brevibus; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, convexis, apice recurvis, integerri- mis; auriculis cylindraceis, cauli adpressis, folio inclusis ; stipulis oblongo-ovatis, emarginato-bifidis, segmentis acu- tis, conniventibus, margine incurvis; foliis perichætialibus erectis, ovalibus, acutis, dentatis, eorum auriculis folioque stipulari 3-4-fidis, elongate ciliatis, ciliis crispis; calyce majori, exserto, oblongo, triquetro, nitido, tubifero. Has. South America; n. 102, Humboldt, Hook. Herb. 3 Tufts several inches wide, purplish-black, somewhat shin- ing. Stems 2-3 inches long. Leaves oblong, patent or deflexed. Auricle narrower above, bulging below, slightly curved, not passing down below the margin of the leaf. Sti- pules closely adpressed to the stems. The elongated, nume- ous, crisped cilie of the auricle and stipule of the perichetium Separate this species from its congeners) — = = 13. F. exilis, Tayl.; monoica; caule implexo, procumbent subbipinnato; ramis gracilibus, recurvis; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, oblique ovatis, obtusis, apice minute 406 NEW HEPATICÆ. unidentatis, basi grosse cellulosis ; auriculis late clavatis, plurimis explanatis, lanceolatis; stipulis late obovatis, subdecurrentibus, bifidis, basi uninerviis; perigoniis ter- minalibus, subrotundis, laxius imbricatis; foliis perichæ- tialibus basi connexis, subdentatis, obovatis, apiculatis ; calyce terminali, ex angusta subexerta basi obovato, obtuso, plicato, tubifero. Has. On Hepatice. Demerara. Dr. Greville’s Herb. Brownish-olive. Stems about 1 inch long, regularly pin- nate above. Stipules scarcely entire. Capsule subrotund. Differs from small varieties of F. Tamarisci, Nees, by the spurious nerve at the base of the leaves, the more obtuse perichætial leaves, the perigonia at the extremities of more considerable branches, and the larger and more exserted calyx. 14. F. Pacifice, Tayl.; caule laxe cæspitoso, tenui adscen- dente, pinnato; rameis brevibus, gracillimis, laxis, patenti- bus ; foliis caulinis laxis, ramis imbricatis, omnibus patenti- bus, oblongo-ovatis, apiculatis, integerrimis, convexis, basi grandicellulosis; auriculis brevibus, cylindricis, subin- curvis ; stipulis cordatis, bifidis; calyce ramulum termi- nante, majori, oblongo, elongato, obtuso, sursum trigono, tubifero. Has. Pacific Isles. Nightingale. n. 384. Hook. Herb. E Brownish-olive. Stems 2-3 inches long; distantly pinnate. — Perichetia of several pairs of erect, close, secund, acuminate, — subdentate leaves. Allied to our F. exilis; the leaves, how- - ever, are more acuminate, especially the perichætial, and the — stipules more cordate. 3 15. F. Cuencensis, Tayl. ; caule laxe cæspitoso, procumbente; — vage subpinnato, subflexuoso ; foliis imbricatis, erecto- — patentibus, convexis, ex cordata amplexante basi ovato- - rotundatis, integerrimis, margine exteriori recurvo; a0- - riculis oblongis, brevibus ; stipulis rotundato-ovatis, bifidis, 4 margine recurvis; perigoniis rotundatis, sessilibus. i Has. Cuenca. Prof. W. Jameson, Hook. Herb. NEW HEPATIC, 407 Patches loose, blackish-purple. Stems 2-3 inches long. Cellules of the leaves minute and condensed at the periphery, large in the centre. The auricles do not descend below the margins of the leaves. Stipules embracing the stems. Each of the perigonial leaves contain one or two round, pedicellated, greenish anthers. This may be known from F. trinervis, L. et L., by the leaves not being semivertical, by their thinner texture, by their minuter cells, by the smaller auricles, and by the larger and wider stipules. l6. F. aculeata, 'Tayl.; caule gracili, debili, implexo, procum- bente, vage subbipinnato; foliis laxis, patentibus, cauli cireumvolutis, cordato-triangularibus, setaceo-acuminatis, integerrimis, margine subreflexis; auriculis minutis, cylin- dricis, cauli adpressis; stipulis oblongis, bifidis, sagittato- amplexantibus ; perigoniis lateralibus, sessilibus, oblongo- rotundatis, Has. Near Cuenca. Prof. William Jameson, Hook. Herb. Gallapagos Islands. Darwin. Patches reddish-brown. Stems 3-4 inches long. Leaves in a dry state circumvolute around the stem. It is allied to Jung. atrata, Swartz; but the leaves are more distant and their tops elongated and acuminated. into a setaceous point. 17. F. spinifera, Tayl.; caule implexo, procumbente, vage Tamoso ; foliis imbricatis, reflexo-patentibus, ellipticis, ob- tusis, integerrimis; auriculis minutis, inferioribus galeatis, €xtus acuminatis, cæteris ac plurimis evolutis, subulatis, rectis, antrorsum unispinosis; stipulis planiusculis, circu- laribus, acutissime bifidis; perichætiis ramulos proprios terminantibus, eorum foliis acutis, stipulari profunde bifido, segmentis laciniato-dentatis. idu Has. Auckland, New Zealand. Dr. Sinclair, Hook. Herb. = Patches wide, rather dense, olive-green. Stems. scarcely - łan inch long. Ina few of the inferior leaves the auricle . ls sometimes helmet-shaped, usually however, it às short, setaceous, articulated, opaque ; in the upper leaves and always in the perichætial it is expanded, subulate, and bas the mar- 408 NEW HEPATIC. gins recurved. These singular forms of the auricles and the circular stipules render this species remarkable among the 20. FossoMBRONIA, Nees. 1. F. intestinalis, Tayl.; fronde simplici, prostrato, linear, | flexuoso ; lobis imbricatis, verticalibus, alternis, latis; mar- — ginibus tumenti-incurvis, integerrimis; calyce minori, | campanulato. l Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. ; Fronds 3-4 lines long. Roots purple. Lobes, when . moistened, are very tumid, and have their incurved margins | concealed. Capsule spherical, bursting irregularly. Seeds muricate, very black. Ælateres longer than in F. pusilla, — Nees; besides, the calyx is far smaller, and the convoluted | lobes give to our plant a peculiar habit. 21. SYyMPHYOGYNA, Nees et Mont. l. S. Harveyana, Tayl.; fronde stipitata, erecta, dichoto- - ma; lobis lineari-oblongis, crassinerviis, margine den - tatin: : Has. Cape of Good Hope. W. H. Harvey. Hook. Herb. — — Fronds pale pea-green, on an alate footstalk, dichotomous - once, more seldom twice. Lobes narrow, oblong, slightly - notched, the teeth of the margin wide at their bases. No 3 fruit was present, yet calycine scales were observed within the involute terminal lobes, and were lanceolate bi-trifid. This species strongle resembles our S. obovata, detected by Dr. J. D. Hooker in Van Diemen's Land, but appears dis- tinct by the more considerable nerves of the leaves, but whi are destitute ofthe green parenchymatous matter in which the true nerve of the Van Diemen's Land plant is imbedded; also by the narrower lobes and by the stronger dentation of the margins. cz hens = 2. S. leptothelia, Tayl.; fronde implexa, procumbente; sub- stipitata, subdichotoma, late lineari, tenuissima, tenuiner- NEW HEPATICÆ. 409 via, margine dentato-spinosa ; perigoniis alternatim seriatis, supra nervum confertis; calyptris epiphyllis, elongate oho- vatis, apice pistilliferis, basi squama laciniato-dentata tectis. ; Has. On Casapi. Mathews. Hook. Herb. About an inch long, very pale olive-green. Fronds creep- ing, the young and barren often acute. Young fronds issue as stipitate buds from the extremity of the nerves of the aged. Capsule linear, splitting into four or more valves, united at their tops. Seeds about four times the diameter of the elateres. Perigonia are scales similar to those at the base of the calyptra, but more concave, each containing a single anther. ‘Differs from S. Harveyana, Tayl. by the creeping fronds, which are less divided, and by the spinous teeth of their margins. 3. S. atronervia, Tayl. ; fronde subsimplici, elongata, angus- tissime lineari, subadscendente, margine integerrima, flex- - uosa, nervo tenui, utrinque parenchymate atro-olivaceo comitante ; calyptris basi angustatis, ellipticis, apice pistil- liferis, basi squama oblonga laciniato-dentata tectis ; cap- sula cylindracea. Has. Pillzhum, Colombia. Prof. William Jameson. Hook. Herb. ; In loose patches, the young of a light green, the more age dark olive-green, with the parenchyma at each side of the nerve nearly black. Fronds nearly 2 inches long, usually simple, the lower half sending down rootlets, the upper free and ascending. The calyptra closely invests the base of the pedicel of the capsule, and hence appears stipitate. Valves of the capsule irregular in breadth and in number, adnate at their summits. Thishas the habit of Diplolena Hibernica, Tayl., but is destitute of a true calyx. The frond is narrower — than in any described Symphyogyna. The capsule consists is of two membranes, of which the exterior is cuticular and very thin, the interior composed of several parallel, longitudinal series of cells, At maturity the inner membrane splits along ^WO0RLi 9221 uinci eui Xr AME à 410 NEW HEPATICA. these series indifferently into several valves or pieces of un- equal breadth ; all, however, united at their summits. 4. S. pulchra, Tayl.; fronde implexa, procumbente, sub- stipitata, subsimplici, lineari-elliptica, apice biloba, integer- rima, margine flexuosa ; perigoniis alternatim supra nervum confertis ; calyptris epiphyllis, linearibus, apice pistilliferis, basi squama tubulosa subdentata tectis. | Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Fronds pale green, scarcely 1 inch long, largely and dis- tinctly cellulose. The tops of the nerves send down rootlets, — and send forth buds, which at first appear to consist solely of a nerve, but which as it elongates assumes a pagina at each side. Peduncles 4-5 lines long. Anthers spherical, whitish, pedicellated. The tubular, subterminal calycine scales dis- tinguish this from the preceding, as well as from the other Symphyogyne. 22, METZGERIA, Nees. 1. M. algoides, Tayl.; fronde erecta, compressa, gracili, bi- tripinnata, pinnis deflexis, pinnulis anguste linearibus, acuminatis, integerrimis, uninerviis ; calyptris fasciculatis, axillaribus, oblongo-obovatis, apiculatis, scabridis, basi squamis aggregatis linearibus tectis. Has. Woods on the western side of Pichincha; n. 170. Prof. W. Jameson. Hook. Herb. Fronds aggregate, 5-6 inches high, very slender, olive- coloured ; branches alternate ; margins of the pinnules entire. Two, three, or more calyptre are collected about the upper — parts of the fronds. Calyptre thick and tough. Barren in- —— dusia are scattered over different parts of the frond. The branches are far more elongated and more deflexed than either in Jung. fucoides, Hook. or in Jung. ericoides, Hook. and the calyptre are more clustered than in the latter. 23. FEGATELLA, Tayl. i. RB. microcephala, Tayl/; fronde minuta, canaliculata, dicho- toma, sinu ampliori; pedunculis elongatis ; receptaculis NEW HEPATICÆ. 411 feemineis minutis, subglobosis, basi squamis indusii lineari- bus, albidis affixis. Has. H. I. 410. North America. J. Drummond. Hook. Herb. Fronds lineari-obovate, about 3 lines long, soon turning brown; the margins slightly raised, incurved, having black- ish-purple shining scales beneath. Pores of the frond raised, hemispherical, whitish, large. Peduncles rising from a wide terminating sinus and from beneath the fronds, blackish- brown, rigid, grooved, having a part of the indusiwm in whit- ish, linear, flat scales at their base and the rest at their sum- mits. Female receptacle nearly round, of the size of turnep seed, rugose with pale pores on the summit, having 2-3 loculi underneath. The minuteness of all the parts, except the disproportionately long peduncles and the wider scales of the indusium distinguish this from F. hemispherica, Tayl. 24. Fimpriaria, Nees. 1. F. mollis, Tayl.; fronde implexa, prostrata, oblongo-obo- vata, apice biloba, supra subtusque lete viridi; recepta- culis feemineis subhemisphericis, virescentibus, apice brun- neis, mollibus; loculo subtruncato; calycibus multifidis, albissimis ; pedunculo epiloso. Haz. Sicily Island, near New York. Hook. Herb. Also near Philadelphia, Mr. G. I. Lyon’s Herb. Fronds scarcely exceeding 2 lines in length, naked beneath except a very few purple lunulate scales, each with a single lanceolate tooth on one side. Peduncles twisted, brown be- neath, but above participating in the yellowish-green colour common to nearly every part of the plant. Lacinie of the - calyx concave, rather obtuse, their edges incurved. Female receptacles very succulent. Peduncles very short. The hemi- spherical female receptacles destitute of any apiculus, soft and compressible, and the pale-yellow Zacinæ of the calyx are very characteristic, z 3 d am H H2 412 NEW HEPATICÆ. 2. F. Drummondii, Tayl.; receptaculo foemineo conico, ob- tuso, 4-lobato, areolis tumentibus scaberrimo ; pedunculo supra indusii squamis linearibus, albidis apice purpureis pilosissimo. Han. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Van Diemen's Land. Gunn, Hook. Herb. Fronds 5 lines long. Lobes crenate, with a few dark purple subulate obtuse scales beneath. Loculi usually 4, rarely 5 Calyces whitish, tipped with pale purple. Seeds scabrous, rotundato-triquetrous. Elateres twice as long as the seeds. Peduncle with a wide groove in front. Approaches our F. Nepalensis, but differs by the longer peduncle, which is naked at the base, by the more conical female receptacles divided into four lobes, by the more elongated calyx, by the deeper division of the fronds, and by the crenate lobes. The male receptacles are verruciform, pale, and terminal in the sinus of the frond, sessile and very rough from the prominent loculi of the oblong, erect anthers. 25. ANTHOCEROS, Linn. 1. A. tuberosus, Tayl.; fronde orbiculari, concava ; loborum marginibus elevatis, undulato-flexuosis, integerrimis ; steri- lium linearibus tubera radicantia ferentibus; capsula alato- = striata; calyce obovato. Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Male fronds narrower. In sterile plants especially, but not exclusively, at the extremities, lobes issue which are ter- minated by opaque, solid, subcompressed oval tubers; these; beneath a dark cuticle, contain a farinaceous mass. Similar tubers are found in certain other Hepatice of the same coun- try, as in Pelatophyllum Preissii, L. et L., and in several Riccie. These tubers have their own rootlets, and would appear to be the place of refuge of the vital force during the torrid season of the year, when every other part of the plant is scorched up. They are, therefore, of the nature of buds. Anthers 1-5, clustered and immersed in the central PRY, of NEW HEPATICÆ. 413 the frond, each containing a whitish semi-fluid pollen. The capsule rises through the ruptured cuticle of the frond. The calyptra, as in A. punctatus, L., remains broken within the frond at the base of the peduncle. Columella filiform. Seeds subrotund, punctate, accompanied by shreds of placental membrane, which are not to be confounded with true Hates, of which this genus is destitute. 26. PopnawTHE, Tayl. Cuar. GEN. Dioica. Frons basi prostrata, porosa, apice squamosa, squamis imbricatis, recurvis. Receptaculum foemineum descendens, lineare vel elongate conicum ra- dices demittens. Calyx nullus? Indusium squamosum, terminale. Frondis masculinæ squamæ basi ventricosæ ; antheræ majuscule, concolores, rotundato-oblonge, pedi- cellatæ. 1. P. squamata, Tayl. Riccia squamata, Tayl. in Drummond's Swan River Crypt. . Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Plants aggregate, 2-3 lines long, tawny-olive when dry, greenish and hyaline when moistened. The lower half is a frond, from a narrow base, linear or oblanceolate, slightly channelled, the surface with a few whitish scattered elevations of the cuticle or pores; the upper half which first rises and then reclines is singularly scaly, the scales roundish, their margins recurved, their structure punctate; between the ter- minal and largest pair are found 2-6 minuter and narrower scales, clustered and a little incurved, which are supposed to constitute the indusium, but no pistils have been observed : from the extremity of the scaly part is a prolongation « of the mid-rib, radicating, in structure and position Lo; | eee the descending receptacle of Gymnanthe, Tayl. The ‘anthers are sometimes obviously clustered over the midrib, and again may be found lying each within the ventricose base of the perigonial scales. eee 414 NEW HEPATICÆ. 27. Riccra, Linn. 1, R. plana, Tayl.; fronde orbiculari, cavernosa, stellatim 4-5 lobata ; lobis planis, quadrato-rotundatis, crenatis, sub- tus nudis. Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Fronds scarcely 4 an inch in diameter, and the lobes about 3 lines, greenish-white, slightly crenate or irregularly angu- late; when moistened the cavernous appearance vanishes ; margins of the lobes scarcely elevated. This has some resem- blance to R. crystallina, L. :—however, the fronds are more thin and delicate, wider, more angulate, by no means chan- nelled and more compressed to the soil. 2. R. acuminata, Tayl.; fronde orbiculari, radiatim divisa; lobis linearibus, dichotomis, acuminatis canaliculatis, mar- gine elevato, inflexo, subtus nudis. Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Fronds 1 inch in diameter. When moistened, the lobes swell and their margins are so closely inflexed as to remind one of the Jirelle of an Opegrapha. The under surface is quite destitute of scales. The pale green frond looks as if sprinkled with a white powder. The acuminate lobes distin- guish this species from R. crystallina, L. ; 3. R. cancellata, Tayl.; fronde suborbiculari, cavernosa, Ta- diatim divisa, lobis incrassatis, excavatis, dichotomis lineari- oblongis, obtusis, margine subtus nudis. Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Lobes nearly 2 inches long, of a sordid, pale green colour, very tumid, the cavernose depressions varying in size but crowded. This is one of the largest species of the genus. In a dry state there is a brown tinge of the base of the lobes. 4. R. vesicata, Tayl.; fronde cuneata, dichotoma, lobis ap- proximatis, linearibus, obtusis, tumidis, subcanaliculatis, corrugatis, vesiculatis, margine subtus nudis, tubiferis. mc ls ILI mro dax Uu Um e up ir ops a cdi Li pA M i LS NEW HEPATICÆ. 415 Has. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Fronds aggregate, scarcely 1 an inch long, sprinkled over with pale green minute vesicles of different sizes, whose aper- tures are unequal. The more adult fronds have sometimes purple cells towards their centres. Capsules solitary, at the bifurcation of the lobes erowned with a black style. Seeds oblongo-rotundate, angulate. Under the margins of the fronds occur solid oblongo-rotundate bodies rolled up in rootlets; such, probably, are the buds. 5. R.? tuberosa, Tayl.; fronde erecta, fusca, tenui, ex an- gusta basi obovata, margine rotundato, undulato, bilobo, basi radices inter tuberifera. Han. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Plants aggregate, 9-3 lines high, subpellucid when moist- ened, in colour resembling a Nostoc, in structure a Junger- mannia. Two fronds are sometimes so opposed as to include à cup-shaped cavity. At the base of the fronds, involved in rootlets at the terminations of short processes are found solid, pale tawney, rotundate or oblong bodies, solitary or two together, a little curved, resembling the tubers of the Orchidee. Such, when pressed under water, yield a fine farina as well as opaque globules. Such tubers are so simi lar to those of the preceding species, that the present is tem- porarily placed among the Riccie, although it has more the habit of a Symphyogyna. The discovery of the fructification alone can clear up the genus. 6. R. crinita, Tayl. ; fronde glaucescente, late lineari dicho- toma, canaliculata, margine incurvo, squamis marginalibus minutis atro-fuscis atque ciliis albidis, subulatis, rigidis, conniventibus, subbinis occlusa. ^em Has. On clay; n. 49. Swan River. Mr. James Drummond. Hook. Herb. + Fronds rather dispersed, three-tenths of an inch long, closed near the apices by white ciliæ from beneath the oppo- site margins; the length of these cilie and the purple mar- gins of the fronds separate this from R. ciliata, Raddi. 416 NEW HEPATICÆ. 7. R. lata, Tayl. ; fronde cuneata, dichotoma;: æquabili, læte virenti, lobis oblongis, obtusiusculis, canaliculatis, laevibus, tumescentibus, margine subtus squamosis, squamis ro- tundatis, concoloribus, distantibus. | Has. Swan River, Mr. James Drummond. ; Fronds half an inch long. In young plants the marginal scales being concolorous with the fronds, are not easily observed. Beneath a pit on the channel of the frond are buried together one or two capsules with cuticular sides and large brownish seeds. On other fronds, near the base of the lobes are placed in a series along the channel 6-10 emerging, linear bodies ; these are erect, the emerging part is of the same colour as the frond, but the part immersed is dark purple. Such are quite distinct from styles, and may be the male parts of fructification. 8. R. porosa, Tayl.; fronde cuneata, dichotoma, porosa, sordide stamineo-virescenti, lobis tumidis, linearibus, mar- gine subtus squamosis, squamis minutis, purpurascen- tibus. Has. Swan River, Mr. James Drummond. Nearly an inch long, lobes substellate; the pores placed in a series along the channel of the frond: lobes when dry acute. Capsules two or three together, rather large, at length opening by a rupture of the cuticle of the frond. 9. E. punctata, Tayl.; fronde orbiculari, æquabili, dicho- toma, lobis linearibus, concavis, siccitate punctato-cellu- losis, margine subtus squamosis, squamis majoribus, rotun- datis, imbricatis, atro-purpureis, subtus elevato-punctatis ; capsulis subconfluentibus. | Has. Swan River; Mr. James Drummond. Half an inch lone ; lobes radiating, their surface glauconss green, minutely reticulated, the margins with a blackish limit of dark purple imbricated scales, whose inferior surface, - especially in a dry state, is closely set with elevated shining points. Capsules 6-8, contiguous. Seeds larges male 3 rotundate, smooth, dark brown. i PAPAS a En BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 417 10. R. inflexa, Tayl. ; fronde cuneata, dichotoma ; lobis cana- liculatis, acutis, pallide virescentibus, siccitate occlusis, subtus squamosis, squamis majoribus, atro-purpureis, sic- citate plumbagineis, basi subconfluentibus, apice rotun- datis, frondis marginem excedentibus, recurvis, celluloso- punctatis. Han, Swan River, Mr. James Drummond. : ; Fronds carnose, 3-4 lines long. On tbe surface the hex- - agonal cells of the frond are eminent. Capsules single, or at most two together, bearing black spicules or styles, which are shining. Seeds large triangulari-lentiform; by. trans- mitted light the margins are opaque, but the disk pellucid. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Notes on the Botany of the Pyrenees, in a letter to the Editor, from Ricuarp Spruce, Esq. (Continued from p. 350.) In my walk to Cauteret, the next day (July 10th), I was accompanied by Dr. S. The distance by the regular route is ten miles, but by the advice of a person who knew something of the botany of the district, we climbed the mountain on the right, ascending by the picturesque church and cháteau of St. Savin, the latter the residence of the family of Despour- rins, the * Burns of the Pyrenees.” But our toil was to — little purpose, for we gathered nothing more interesting than Astrantia major. On descending into the Gorge de Cauteret, I found on a wet rock Jungermannia compressa and Dicranum fugax, and a few flowering plants. We set out the following morning, in the midst of a dense fog, to ascend to the Pont d'Espagne, and although we could seldom see more than a few feet before us, we returned in the evening with such a 418 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. load of rarities as amply repaid us for the wetting we - sustained. | My sojourn at Cauteret extended to above three weeks, — and during this time I explored nearly every mountain and valley which lay within a day's journey. For beauty of ‘scenery and variety of vegetation the environs of Cauteret are equalled only by Bagnères de Luchon. Situated in a - species of * cirque," into which converge the three valleys of | Lutour, Combascon, and Mahourat, each traversed by its - tumultuous Gave, at a height of nearly 3,000 feet above the sea-level, and surrounded on every side by precipitous forest- - clad mountains, which do not admit the summer sun of these — southern climes to shine upon it before nine in the morning, and shut out its beams by three or four in the evening, while - in the distance, on the east and west, rise still loftier and - snowy peaks, Cauteret stands, the very beau ideal of savage | mountain scenery, and affords every variety of locality which | a botanist can desire. The rocks around are chiefly granitic, with here and there masses of micaceous schist, and | on the summits the limestone, which caps nearly all the mountains in the Pyrenees. The principal stream, called the | Gave de Marcadaou, takes its rise on the Pic, of the same - name (on the Spanish frontier), crosses the Plateaux de | Mareadaou, and descends the steep and wild Gorge de Ma: À hourat (sometimes called the Val de Jéret), to receive its WO — tributaries a little above Cauteret. At the top of this 8078 . about six miles from Cauteret, it is crossed by the P ont | d'Espagne, before mentioned ; and about two miles on the | left of the bridge lies the lonely Lac de Gaube, above which | tower the glaciers and snows of the Vignemale, the ighe 4 mountain in the French Pyrenees. It was the labour of | three or four days, after parting with my friend, Dr. S., to 1 fully explore the Gave de Marcadaou, with its cascades, is À rocks, and its forests. I have as yet examined but few 0* | the Cryplogamia from this locality. One of the most ms resting is the Leskea pilifera of Swartz, a plant which has | BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 419 been strangely overlooked by Bridel and others, though a beautiful and well-marked species. Excellent original speci- mens exist in the herbarium of Sir J. E. Smith, with the following note in Swartz's handwriting: “H. denticulato similis sed vera Leskea; proxima L. pulchelle sed diversa ;" and I have myself authentic specimens given me lately by - MM. Bruch and Montagne. . Another species of the same genus is the L. Vaucheri of Schimper, which has been mis- taken for L. attenuata, though a very different moss; I have seen it in several other stations in the Pyrenees. Leskea subtilis and pulchella, Hypnum dimorphum, and callichrous, Brid., were in excellent fructification, but H. umbratum had lostits opercula. It was near the Pont d'Espagne that I found on decayed wood the only splachnaceous plant I have remarked in the Pyrenees; it is probably a species of Tay- loria. In the same place grew the handsome Mnium spino- sum, and a Dicranum looking very much like longifolium, but wanting the broadly-nerved leaf of that species; I believe it the D. Sauteri of Bruch. Orthotrichum rupestre and Hut- chinsie were in the greatest abundance, as were also several species of Grimmia, among which I recognized G. spiralis, patens and ovata in good fruit; G. elatior, leucophea and commutata were rather advanced; and I have some others Which are quite unknown to me. In this valley, and espe- cially near the Lac de Gaube, I added largely to my collec- tion of flowering plants. The following are the most in- teresting, and I can now speak on them with certainty : Ranunculus aconitifolius. Gouani. Viola biflora. Homogyne alpina. (Tussilago, L.) Pyrola uniflora. Potentilla rupestris. Spiræa Aruncus. 420 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Sempérvivum arachnoideum. montanum. tectorum. Funckii. Saxifraga aquatica. Chærophyllum hirsutum. Adenostyles albifrons. Veronica saxatilis. Tozzia alpina. Ajuga pyramidalis. Statice alpina. Luzula pediformis. Carex decipiens, Gay. (C. maerostylon, Lap. ?) ornithopoda, Willd. Festuca spadicea. On the 21st, having been rejoined by Dr. S., we ascended Mont Lizé together, and made a most excellent herboriza- tion. This mountain is scarcely known to the visitors at Cauteret, where indeed it is not visible, being entirely hidden by the less lofty Pic des Bains. It is true that tourists ar in the habit of traversing the Col de Lizé between Cauteret and Luz, but it is the mountain on the right of the pas which we found so rich, especially in flowering plants: Leaving the regular track, we mounted by a precipitous stream, which descends from the Pic des Bains, and gathered on its banks Marchantia androgyÿna, Catoscopium nigritum™ Meesia uliginosa, Hypnum polymorphum, and Halleri, with _ some other mosses and several Phanerogamie. Our best plants, however, were gathered on a ridge of schistose rock near the top of the mountain ; we should probably have = passed it without examination, had not my companion's 3 pocket-telescope shown that it was partially covered with 9 small and peculiar looking shrub, xh we found, on a nearer inspection, to be the beautiful and scarce Ononis rotundifolia. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 491 On the same rock were also Gypsophila repens, Phaca aus- tralis, Antirrhinum sempervirens, Pedicularis comosa, Andro- sace carnea, &c.; and at its base, near to a ravine filled with snow, Ranunculus alpestris and montanus, Pinguicula alpina P. bimaculata, Wahl. (P. flavescens, Flórke), and some others. The most interesting plants gathered on Mont Lizé, besides those just enumerated, are : ; Anemone vernalis. Ranunculus Pyrenæus. Draba aizoides. Arenaria ciliata. grandiflora, All. : Geranium cinereum, Cav. : Dryas octopetala. . Potentilla minima. Epilobium alpinum. Carduus carlinoides. Myosotis sylvatica. var. alpestris. Veronica aphylla. Androsace villosa. Salix Pyrenaica. reticulata. My collection was also considerably enriched by my her- ions in the Valleys of Lutour and Combascon, and in the immediate neighbourhood of Cauteret. Among the mosses I may mention Hypnum plicatum, Schleich., Leskea incurvata and Leptohymenium filiforme in fruit, Bartramia Calearea, Tortula aciphylla and Trichostomum glaucescens. Principal flowering plants were : Thalictrum aquilegifolium. . . Cardamine resedifolia, ... Viola cornuta l Astrocarpus sesamoides. 422 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. *Dianthus ? Medicago minima. Vicia sativa, var. Pyrenaica. Rosa alpina, v. Pyrenaica. (R. Pyrenaica, Gouan). Herniaria Pyrenaica, Gay. Orlaya grandiflora. Sambucus racemosa. Galium vernum. Valerianella dentata, 6. Koch. Auricula £. Soyeria lapsanoides. - (Hieracium, Gouan). Veronica Ponæ. Pedicularis foliosa. tRumex ? Paronychia serpyllifolia. Crassula rubens. Saxifraga Aizoon. — ß. minor. Cotyledon. Astrantia major. Thesium alpinum. Euphorbia verrucosa. on No. 49 of my collection. This differs from D. prolifer, gathered at i St. Sever, in the membranous bases of the leaves being connate for a dis- tance equalling about twice their breadth, and in the strongly tuberculate seeds. The closely allied D. velutinus, Guss. (secund. exempl. in Herb Hook.) has the seeds muriculate (beset with sharp-pointed excrescences) the leaves smooth at the edges, and the stems more or less downy. THe - seeds of D. prolifer are always somewhat tuberculate, and are therefore incorrectly described by Koch as smooth. : + No. 320 coll. Possibly a gigantic variety of R, arifolius, All. ; but the — leaves are cordate-sagittate (not hastate), and the upper ones are never acuminate. It is perhaps what Lapeyrouse has called R. icauli cited by Mr. Bentham as a synonym of R, arifolius, BOTANICAL INFORMATION.. 423 Nigritella angustifolia. Allium fallax, Don. Botrychium Lunaria. Being very desirous to penetrate into the Pyrénées Es- pagnoles, I made frequent inquiries respecting the state of the passes; but the accounts I received were by no means encouraging. "There was said to be yet a great deal of snow remaining, and no tourist had attempted to cross the Port de Cauteret, which conducts to the Spanish baths of Penticosa. I knew, however, that smugglers were in the habit of travers- ing it daily, as I frequently encountered parties of them near the Pont d'Espagne, and resolving to make the attempt, I wrote to Dr. S. at Argélez, requesting him to join me, which he did on the evening of the 1st of August. We commis- sioned our guide, Carro, who had also accompanied us to Mont Lizé, to procure us horses, which we proposed taking as far as the foot of the Pic de Marcadaou ; but unfortunately, several * cavalcades" were arranged to come off the following day by the * monde" at Cauteret, and every horse was engaged. There was, then, no alternative but to walk, and We started in the morning at about eight o'clock, accom- panied by our guide and a young fellow whom we engaged to carry our baggage to the frontier. Our path lay along the banks of the Gave de Marcadaou and over the Pont d'Es- Pagne, and in crossing the plateaux which succeed, we sat down by a spring to eat a slight lunch, when we were joined by four contrabandista, who were thence our companions for most of the journey. Four wilder or more picturesque- - looking fellows I have seldom seen, embrowned and almost blackened with constant exposure to the weather, and clad in the Arragonese costume, namely, a blue or brown jacket copiously braided in front, breeches of black or green cotton- velvet, with bunches of white ribbon at the knees, ribbed stockings, and spardines, to which must be added a girdle formed of several folds of blue or crimson calico, passed 424 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. round the loins, and a handkerchief tied round the lower part of the head, allowing the hair of the crown to stand bristling out at the top. The articles of their illicit traffic were certainly not less strange than their costume ; fancy three of these men carrying enormous back-loads of empty . glass bottles, over frozen snows and down the rocky face of all but perfect precipices, where even with the aid of my pole, and with nothing to embarrass me, it was often a matter of difficulty to preserve my balance. Our fourth companion, à veritable Sancho Panza for size and build, carried a smaller but perhaps much heavier load of various fancy articles of . ladies’ wear, besides umbrellas, &c. A walk of seven hours, herborizing by the way, brought us to the extremity of the Vallée de Marcadaou, and to the — foot of the last mountain in France. We were now in à cirque, such as terminates all the valleys of the Pyrenees, and on entering it, I cast around a wistful eye for some opening through the mass of frowning mountains which seemed to be closing round us; but nothing met my eye save tiers of snow alternating with masses of black rock, and foaming cascades issuing from one tier of snow to lose themselves under 4 succeeding one. I demanded of our guide, with some anxiety; which ‘was the “Port de Cauteret?" “Le voila!” said he, pointing out a scarcely perceptible dimple between two peaks on the very summit! Assuredly, I had little hope of ever — attaining it, especially when he added, that we had yet two hours of toilsome ascent. ^ However, there was no time for delay, and we commenced our upward course. Sometimes there was the semblance of a path, and sometimes there was none, and great part of the ascent was a genuine escalade, — the projecting edges of nearly perpendicular strata forming ? sort of steps. We were obliged to pause about every ten minutes to take breath, and it cost us an hour to reach the margin of the first field of snow, where we sat down on some rude blocks of granite, the débris of the cliffs above, and took a little refreshment. We gave the Spaniards of our eau de BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 425 vie, and they gave us of their wine, which they carried in the usual bottle of the Pyrenees, namely a pig's skin, sewed up, with one leg left on for the neck. Although the ascent was considerable, the snow was sufficiently soft on the surface to enable us to traverse it without difficulty, and also to fill my shoes and make my feet very wet and uncomfortable. We passed, in like manner, two or three other fields of snow with intervening ridges of granitic rock. We were all considerably exhausted ere reaching the ter- minal ridge, as may easily be supposed, and the moment our companions set foot over the frontier, they threw themselves on the ground, notwithstanding the extreme cold, and the Spaniards were soon fast asleep. My first impulse was to follow their example, but just then a tuft of the beautiful Saxifraga Grenlandica, growing in the chink of a rock, struck my eye. I sprung forward to gather it, when several other plants presented themselves, and thus instead of reposing, I Was occupied in rambling about the rocks during my stay on the summit. We had come, in fact, upon a veritable garden, the beauties of which appeared the more striking, from the barrenness which had surrounded us during the whole of our ascent; and we gathered here Saxifraga bryoides, S. andro- sacea, S. exarata, Vil., S. muscoides, Pedicularis rostrata, ` Potentilla Salisburgensis, nivalis and frigida, Gentiana alpina, Sesleria disticha, Encalypta rhaptocarpa, besides several other plants equally interesting. During the last hour's ascent, we had been enveloped in brouillard, but a strong and in- tensely cold south wind was blowing through the Port, | which chased all the clouds to the French side, and opened Out to view a scene so magnificent, that I could not help pausing now and then in my interesting occupation to gaze Upon it We were at a height of something more than 9,500 feet above the level of the sea, and the two peaks on our right and left, though very little higher than the ground" Whereon we stood, prevented us from seeing anything in those directions ; but before us were mountains—bleak, snow- VOL. v, II 426 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. clad, vegetationless mountains —tumbled about in such savage confusion, that Milton’s chaos could not have been more chaotic. In the extreme distance we could just dis- cern the serrated ridge of the picturesque mountains of Huesca, at the foot of which lies Saragossa; while deep down at our feet, was a small lake, appearing like a blue gash in the snow; farther on was another, and then another a little larger, all encircled with snow. It was by these lakes we were to pass. We had now two hours of rapid descent to the baths of Penticosa, and in the ardour of our absorbing pursuit, we had allowed our Spanish friends to get before us; most unfortunately, as it turned out, for our guide was but ill acquainted with the way. Almost at starting, he led us down a steep tract of snow, as nearly perpendicular, indeed, as it was possible for snow to lie, and to our great surprise, more frozen on the surface than we had found any on the French side. The way we proceeded was this: our guide went *en avant," and at every step stuck his heels as deep as he could into the snow ; we followed slowly and cautiously in his footsteps. Once, however, his footing failed him; and he slid down with fearful rapidity for forty or fifty yards, when he was fortunately arrested by a projecting fragment of rock, and escaped with a few hard knocks; had it not been — - for this, he must have slid on until he plunged into the — fathomless lake below. He then fixed his pole firmly into the snow, and entrenched himself with our carpet bags, and we slid down after him, he stopping us when we reached him. A great deal of our downward course was of this description, - but when we reached the margin of the third lake, where — knoll peeping out of the snow, we spied our Spaniards sitting, eating, and smoking their paper cigaros. We were glad to rejoin them, and took care not to part com- pany during the remainder of our journey. We had little — more snow to pass, but the rocks and precipices we descended - would baffe all description, and on looking back occasionally - upon our track, it seemed almost impossible that human foot | BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 497 should traverse it. In foggy weather, and to a person not acquainted with every step of the way, the danger must be extreme, and I was told that a certain number of broken necks occur here every year. It was seven o’clock in the evening when we reached the baths of Penticosa, and as we did not arrive in company of the most respectable description, the adwaneros paid us the compliment of carefully examining our baggage and the pockets of our guide. The smugglers had taken the precau- tion of hiding their wares in a ravine a mile above the baths, whence we understood they would be fetched when the night closed in; but our friend “Sancho” had prevailed with Carro to allow him to attach two umbrellas, along with mine, to my portfolio, and two reticules to Dr. Southby’s carpet bag, of which he then took possession, and entered Penticosa in the capacity of our porter. The revenue officers saw plainly that two of the umbrellas were quite new, and there- fore seized all three ; but after a deliberation of some hours, they came to the conclusion, that as there were three of us, and only an umbrella for each one, they could not detain them with any show of right. An inscription, in French, over the pump-room at Penti- cosa, states that the baths are 8,300 “ pieds Catalans” above the level of the sea; the climate is, therefore, not very dif- ferent from that of Greenland, yet here we found “ poitri- - naires” from nearly all parts of Spain, and the solitary hotel Was quite full of visitors. I can imagine nothing more triste with drinking the waters, smoking, playing at cards, and pro- longing their siesta an hour or two beyond its ordinary dura- tion, seemed to get through the time very: comfortably. . Our three days’ stay was very profitably spent in exploring the Sorge between the baths and village (a distance of two hours), and a rocky tract extending beyond the latter in the direction ofthe mountains, called Tindanière. The following list con- tains the most interesting plants collected at Penticosa, and 112 than a residence at Penticosa ; the Spaniards, however, what — 428 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. on our return across the Port de Cauteret, which we accom- plished on the 6th, proceeding on foot as far as Cauteret, and thence in a calèche to Argélez the same evening. Aconitum Lycoctomum. Ranunculus Pyrenæus. var. plantagineus. *Draba nivalis. Nasturtium Pyrenaicum. Helianthemum vulgare. y. versicolor Benth. Cat. +Dianthus ————? > Gypsophila repens, Saponaria ocymoides. Cerastium alpinum. Medicago suffruticosa. Vicia tenuifolia. Potentilla alchemilloides. Sedum altissimum, Poir. Saxifraga granulata, var. Bupleurum falcatum. * No, 32 Coll. I believe this the true plant of Willdenow. The follow- ing character is from my notes, “ Folia lanceolato-spathulata basi angus- tata, pube stellato-ramosa subtomentosa. Pedicelli glaberrimi. Caly* parce pilosus, Silicula lanceolata s. elliptico-lanceolata.” It is, perhaps; the D. Wahlenbergii, Hartm, B. heterotricha, Lindbl. of Koch's Synopsis, - Ed. 2, p. 69, and is apparently intermediate between this species and D. Johannis, Host. : agreeing with the former in the aphyllous or monophyllous ; scape, and with the latter i in the stellato-pubescent leaves. + No 51 Coll, This includes two plants, a smaller and single-flowered one, and a larger branched plant, "which I joined on examination, but am now disposed to keep apart. The former I refer to D. hirtus, Vill.; the latter approaches closely to D. brachyanthus, Boiss , but has not the calyx ventricose at the base as in that species. I am informed by M. J. Gay» that he gathered the very same plant, in the same locality, twenty-three years ago, and that he has since kept it in his herbarium without any accurate determination, M. Planchon has compared the two with exam- ples in the Hookerian herb., and considers them both forms of D, hirtus. — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 429 Ptychotis heterophylla. Galium pumilum. Artemisia spicata, Wulf ? Chrysanthemum alpinum. Erigeron alpinus. Cirsium Monspessulanum. Campanula persicifolia. Jasione perennis. *Phyteuma hemisphericum, v. Echinospermum Lappula. Ramondia Pyrenaica. Antirrhinum majus. Digitalis lutea. Erinus alpinus. var. hirsutus. Veronica Austriaca. Nepeta graveolens, Vill. Prunella alba. Sideritis scordioides. var. hyssopifolia. Teucrium Chamædrys. Statice alpina. Gagea fistulosa. Luzula spicata. Carex curvula. Asplenium Halleri. (To be continued.) “No, 236 Coll. This seems to unite Ph. humile to Ph. hemisphericum, having the bracts sharply toothed at the base, yet seldom above half - the length of the capitulum, The leaves are all minutely and remotely - a Koch describes the bracts of the PA. humile as “integerrim®, — Matel figures them as strongly serrated. aces 430 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. ZEYHER AND BURKE; South African Collections of Plants. (Mr. Burke's Journal, continued from p. 22.) The weather is too hot for flesh to keep long, and thus we are often driven hard for want of animal food. Four days again elapsed ere our chace was successful, when we killed a rut-bok. The elands are wild, and keep far off. This part of the country is thickly covered with several species of Acacia. On the 29th we reached the junction of the Croco- dile River with the Stork Stromme, where we saw several giraffes and a large white rhinoceros, which we killed, but could only carry away his head, the whole animal being too heavy a load for our waggon.. Two of the giraffes were cap- tured, one of which pined and died, and the other contrived to strangle itself. The horse on which these creatures had been chased, was so terrified, that he ran away, and we lost several days in seeking for him, and when recovered, the creature was so wild as to be almost useless. The lions had pursued him, and I only wonder that he was not devoured the first night. A party of natives gave information, and assisted in recovering the truant, and we rewarded them by shooting Guinea-fowls, of which there were large flocks in the vicinity. Certainly this land seems to be wholly relinquished to wild beasts. When we had chosen our night’s quarters, four white Rhinoceros’ came out of the bush, and we judged it best to decamp; but had no sooner seated ourselves else- where, than alion rushed among the oxen, which all, most wisely, ran directly into the fires, and our people setting up loud shouts, the lion retired as quietly as he came, leaving the cattle unhurt. The Guinea-fowl ran thick here, like fowls in a poultry-yard at home. We shot two elands for food, and caught a fine young male, which proved almost equally troublesome with the giraffe, for he nearly killed himself with dashing against the waggon ; so 1 fastened him BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 431 to an Acacia tree, growing from the bank of the river, where he might kick, struggle, and roll at will, without harming himself, all day; and at night I made a good fire and slept by his side. On the 17th of September, as game was becoming scarce in consequence of our guns and fires, and lions and rhinoceros abounded, I judged it best to proceed no farther, but began retracing our steps. Several species of Acacia were coming into flower. A rhinoceros visited us at night and scared our cattle, but did no harm. Next day we captured two young giraffes, which I spared no pains to convey in good health to head-quarters ; but again disappointment awaited me. One of them burst the strap that confined her, and could not be secured without such injury that she died. The other refused to walk, the heat seeming to exhaust these creatures, and we found great difficulty in transporting it by waggon, which we did for five days, when it had become quite tame ; and then, to our great vexation, was seized with some complaint in the head and died. We were travelling down the dry channel of a small river, and Mr. Zeyher and I slept there nightly, stretched across the narrow bed, which is the securest place for the animals; but we narrowly escaped a very alarming visitor, a rhinoceros, who came quite close to us, poking for sport-holes in the bank of the river with his horn, and would infallibly have trodden on us, but that he fortunately turned back by the way he came just before reaching the spot where we lay. The following night a storm came on, just as we Were securing the horses; one was alarmed by the lightning © and ran away, and we could not recover him in the dark. It — was impossible to sleep that night; the incessant roaring of the lions made me give up the horse for lost, but at day- break, to my great joy, I saw him standing quietly. by the © waggon. The elands were most troublesome captives ; — times they would neither walk nor lead, and again they would Tun in the opposite direction to that which we wanted. . More than once we were overtaken by heavy rain, and wetted to the skin; and as I had left most of my clothes in the 432 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. waggons, and the Acacia bushes had rent my linen to shreds, I had not a dry shirt to put on. The 25th of September saw us on the banks of a river, with the name of which I am not acquainted. Flocks of parroquets were in the bushes near the stream, and plenty of fish in the water. For two days we travelled along, the stream being very difficult to ford, when a high hill forbade our farther progress. We saw a pack of wild dogs running near, and a Hottentot shot one; the moment it fell, the others seized and devoured it. The vicinity of this river seemed unhealthy; Mr. Zeyher and I felt very unwell, and the cattle looked quite exhausted. We decided, therefore, on going to higher ground, where the air might be purer, and were hardly two miles away from the stream, when one of the oxen suddenly fell, and before we could release the team from the yokes, he was dead. On opening the animal, his liver looked blue, with a hard crust; but on an incision being made through the indurated surface, the quantity of blood that issued was immense, and the liver remained quite hollow. Rain, and a heavy dew, and close warm atmosphere prevailed for some days, and kept up the feelings of illness in ourselves and the animals; and after the oxen began to improve, the horses continued very weak. Many interesting plants are now in flower. A pretty perennial Cassia is very ornamental, and I have taken up several specimens and planted them in empty powder canis- ters, though without much hope of their thriving, as the root is of a tap kind. Two pretty species of Ipomea grow here; one a climber, the other runs along the ground. On the night of the 7th of October, two lions visited us. We were made aware of their vicinity first by the uneasiness of the cattle, and then a dog which lay by me, scenting them, set up a furious barking, to which a tremendous roar gave —— response. The guns were discharged and the beasts made — | off; itis remarkable, that the firing of a gun immediately — 4 tranquillizes the oxen and horses on such occasions. We — - have lately found two ostriches’ nests, one with twenty, and another with ten eggs; which afforded an agreeable change BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 433 of diet, for we felt quite loathed with constant subsistence on flesh-meat. After remaining in this neighbourhood rather more than a week, it -was decided that Mr. Zeyher should return to Mac- _ alisberg with the few animals that we have captured, for they . become daily weaker, because we have not milk enough to give them. The goats and cows left there must have had their young ones ere now, and Mr. Zeyher will send back the waggon in which he travels thither as quickly as possible for me. One young Hottentot volunteers to be my companion, and we shall keep the horses in case of being obliged to leave this place before the waggon returns. A thunderstorm came 9n, and the young male eland suffered so much from its effects, that he died next morning. I always give the young Animals a draught of warm milk and water at midnight, and . it should be milk alone, which would be better for them, if . We had enough of it. Mr. Zeyher set off, taking the three _ Temaining elands and a giraffe. For three days after the departure of the waggon, we were free from the visits of the natives; but on the 20th, nine of these wretched creatures arrived, tormenting us for food, which we had not to give, and obliging us to keep an incessant watch, or they would Steal the horses, the blankets, and anything they can lay hold of, _ On the 22nd we caught a young male sassaby. That even- ng the waggon returned, and Punyer came with it. He tells ‘ne that the giraffe died just as Mr. Zeyher got it to Macalis- “rg; that we have lost nearly all the goats and many of the Sheep, those which remain being in a wretched condition. One OX has died and another was lost, and a pair of lions Xo at night and carried off one of the elands. To complete e their misfortunes, the grass round our waggons at Macalis- 78 was fired by an emigrant farmer, and everything must have been destroyed, if Punyer and all the Hottentots had ‘not happened to be on the spot, and also a good many natives, Who assisted in saving our property. With much labour the Waggons were extricated. A chest, containing 100 lbs. of 434 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. gunpowder, was fastened under the waggon which held our | choicest collections ; had the fire reached it, there must have - been awful loss of life. The fellow, whose act in firing the 1 grass had caused all the alarm and danger, stood coolly by — and would not assist, till the flames taking a rapid and unex- | pected direction, threatened his own waggon, when his pitiful cries moved the compassion of my people, who helped him to - remove it from the danger. 1 I remained a few days longer in the neighbourhood, hoping - to procure more animals, but with little success. The young - sassaby did nothing but fret, and at last it died. One night - finding that the oxen were very uneasy, I went to quiet them — and to replenish the fires with wood, when I saw a large lion, | looking at me; but on turning to fetch my gun, which is | always kept under my blanket, he made off. We saw num- | bers of gnoos, sassabys, and crowned cranes; and Punyer shot a small brown guso, of which I preserved the skin. As, however, grass is become very scarce, it is well to return fo Macalisberg. On the morning of the 29th of October, we had the alarming spectacle of two white rhinoceros and ten lions. They all emerged from one bush, about 500 yards from our waggon, and stood gazing a good while, as if con- sidering whether to advance or retreat; and while we were fastening the heads of the foremost to the wheels of the wag- gon, that they might not run away while we fired, the savage animals turned leisurely round, and disappeared in another part of the bush. I was so desirous to catch some young 'elands, that I halted four days in a spot where I noticed : species of Dodonea, on the foliage of which they feed, to be very plentiful, and I was so happy as to catch three, and tw? young sassabys; but when I had got them, the largest elan’ was so wild, that I had to stand by him all night, lest he sho" kill himself with struggling, and the sassabys pine and w! not eat. Moreover, the want of grass causes our cows t0 ? nearly dry, and the horses fall off so much, that they - overtake the animals which we pursue. My people shot fine fat giraffe, of which the flesh is a great treat to us; these BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 435 animals are now in good condition, from feeding on the leaves . and young shoots of the different species of Acacia. . . At last, quite worn out with fatigue, want of food, and the -vexation of seeing almost all the animals I had caught perish - for lack of proper nutriment, I returned to Macalisberg, _ having been absent nearly three months upon this excursion, . and without Mr. Zeyher for the last four weeks. (To be continued). E Boissier, Spanish Botany. Excursions round MALAGA, &c. (Continued from Vol. IV. p. 393). -On the 14th of May, after despatching my whole collec- E tions to Malaga, I pursued my journey, and soon reached Coin, passing through a fine country, intersected with valleys, Where Thalictrum glaucum adorned the edges of the water- ‘conises, and the fields were enamelled with the blue flowers of Convolvulus tricolor. Coin, which is only two leagues distant from Alhaurin, is a rich and still larger village, abound- mg, too, with that rare blessing in Spain, spring water; I noticed with admiration several fountains, where the water Was gushing from ten or fifteen sources. These two villages and their delicious neighbourhood supply Malaga with almost all the vegetables consumed in that city ; and the combined moisture and coolness of the air allow the fruits of our tem- Pérate regions, such as cherries and strawberries, which cannot ' raised on the coast, to grow side by side with the orange and citron. I noticed large beds of ripe strawberries, the Species being the same as with us, and equally fragrant. After quitting Coin, the ground continues to rise and to become less fertile, the clayey soil being little cultivated and Surrendered to the indigenous and characteristic production Phlomis Herba Venti, Echinops strigosus, several species of ve and the Cynara cardunculus, the latter is that wild "ype of the artichoke, and attains an enormous size, with 436 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. thorny leaves, three feet long. The village of Mouda offers - a striking contrast to Coin and Alhaurin; itis a hamlet, with — narrow streets, built on a steep slope, and crowned with old - ruins, which may be the relics of the ancient Munda, where — a great battle was fought between Cæsar and the son of Pom- pey. The barber of the place was highly proud of this his- - torical souvenir, and while relating the particulars, he shewed | me a stream, which he declared had run down with blood on - that memorable day. Mouda is backed by Mount Peregla, a continuation of heights, composed, of the same calcareous crystal as the Sierra de Mijas, but of considerably lower elevation. I crossed them the same day, intending to reach in the evening the - sea-coast and the town of Marbella. Above the village, ma. very hot exposure, I gathered Reseda sesamoides, var. erect; Sedum amplexicaule, Salvia patula, and Ononis speciosa, to- gether with the charming Linaria Clementei, which bears & — short spike of violet blossoms on a simple and straight stalk, À also Silene villosa and Sideritis arborescens, the latter a large - labiate plant, covered in every part with a clammy and scented a exudation. I also found many of the productions of the Sierra de Mijas, such as Armeria alliacea and Echium albicans. The diverging point of the water does not exceed 1800 feet of absolute height, and is not more than 800 feet above Mouda; from it, but a very small extent of sea-view can be gained at the extremity of the valley, because of the man projections which hem itin on each side. On the norther? _slope, near the summit, few plants were in flower ; but I ha no sooner gained the opposite declivity, than I found mys! in the midst of flowery bushes of Genista hirsuta and ec Hanseleri. A party of muleteers whom we encounteré® were struck with natural surprise when they saw me gather- ing huge bouquets of these thorny plants, and open-mouthe did they swallow the tales which Antonio related to them © this subject, with all his wonted gravity. This valley reminded me of certain sites in the maritime Alps, and among other” the road by which the traveller descends from Tende * BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 437 Fontan. I collected Vicia disperma, Arenaria retusa and Anagyris fetida, growing plentifully by the roadside. Lower : down, we came to the village of Ojen, which is situated in the middle of the gorge, one of the most picturesque positions that can be imagined. Seen from below, its houses seem to hang over a barely descried precipice, curtained with masses of verdure. It was near sunset when we reached the end of the valley ; and on rounding the last heights, discovered the expanse of ocean before us and the town of Marbella, into which we descended by long uncultivated slopes. "This was a flourish- ing place in the time of the Moors, and owed its prosperity to the now entirely discontinued culture of the Sugar-cane. Decay has fallen upon the town, but its romantic position and noble trees contrast admirably with the ruined edifices that mark its ancient grandeur. On the sea-shore, I observed the remains of an old castle, which long defended itself against the French during the war of independence, and of which the garrison finally escaped on board an English ship. : As there was nothing in Marbella to induce me to remain, I set off next morning for Estepona, along a road where Aristolochia Boetica and Smilax Mauritanica festooned the enormous overshadowing Lentisks. I also gathered Physalis somnifera, and specimens from the Ricinus, which here attains the stature of a tree. For half a league from the town, the land was partially cultivated, and a few houses might be seen Scattered here and there; but farther on, every trace of man . had disappeared, and the country was a vast savannah, dotted with dwarf palms and bushes of Cistus, and stretching with an easy descent from the foot of the Sierra Bermeja to the Sea. The agriculture which once overspread these plains, might still be pursued to the greatest advantage, for the country is intersected in all directions with streams, flowing accessibly in comparatively shallow channels. On the sandy ground, and among the shrubs, Helianthemum halimifolium grew in particular abundance. I collected Armeria plantaginea, Pterocephalus Lusitanicus, Helminthia comosa, Ononis Picardi 438 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. and mitissima, Linum tenue, Linaria viscosa, and Inula Ara- bica, the latter affecting the damp spots; and a host of Gra- mineæ, with the most elegant of that family, Briza maxima, 1 waving its golden spikes in the lightest breeze, while the . Oleander fringed the brooks, and pointed out their course from afar, by wavy lines of the most delicate pink. +4 As following the sea-shore I drew nearer to Gibraltar, that — terror of Spanish Custom-house officers, the towers of obser- À vation and parties of posted carbineers became more nume- : rous. Five or six occur between Marbella and Estepona, and 1 they are the only inhabited spots which break the solitude of 1 the country. At one of them I found an old soldier, who had 4 travelled in France, and who was delighted, after many long years, to see an individual who spoke the language of that — country, and to whom he could sing some French songs; of 1 which the pronunciation was most curiously altered in bis — mouth. It has often been my chance, in making excursions; to meet with peasants and shepherds who had been in France as prisoners of war, or at the time of the battle of "Toulouse; and they all spoke with affection and respect of my native land and its inhabitants, extolling us often at their own €X*- pense. Nowhere did I find, even in Andalusia, a trace of that — spirit of hate and fanaticism prevalent among the Spaniards during the French invasion. n Estepona is a pretty little town, built on the beach; 1t lively, modern, and brilliantly white; for every house, à! even the pavement, being whitewashed anew, monthly 9* least, you might fancy, at the first look, that the whole was | hewn out of chalk ; though if the stranger leaves the two %® — three narrow streets which join the shore, and turns his steps — towards the hills, he will find nothing amid the prickly pe? — but paltry, shapeless mud-huts, so frail and ill-built, as © — afford no shelter, and to be only habitable in this settled and | mild climate by the lowest orders of the people. 1 halted ss the Posada near the entrance of the town, and took possessio? | of a large apartment, with windows looking upon the S% - As if the vicinity of that English town, of which the rock - BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 439 might be descried six leagues off, had exerted an advanta- . geous influence on the Posada of Estepona, I found every thing well managed and beautifully neat. I prepared for the ascent of the Sierra Bermeja next day, particularly eager to explore it, because I wished to gather a _ pine, of which I had observed a fruitless branch in the her- . barium of M. Hanselaer, at Malaga, and which had appeared to me an undescribed species. All the people of Estepona knew it under the name of Pinsapo, and told me that the tree 3 is constantly used in religious processions and festivities, be- cause its foliage is elegant, and the branches being placed at à right angles, even to the last ramifications, present the form _ Of so many crosses and crosslets. They pointed out the woods F that. consist of this tree, discernible from the town, even so high as the summit of the Sierra, by their dark green hue, . Contrasting with the pale and lively transparent verdure of Pinus pinaster, clothing the lower slopes. ity To reach the foot of the mountain, it is necessary to clim _ Over a succession of small vineyard-covered hills furrowed by E long ravines, which rain-water and streams have formed in its light and shifting soil. "The situation is warm, and I noticed several fine plants, especially Umbellifere, but deferred their examination till the following day. About 1000 feet up, the vine disappeared, and was succeeded by lovely bushes of Cistus ladaniferus, covered with large snowy flowers, as big 35 hedge-roses. The leaves and branches of this shrub are imbued with a clammy aromatic substance, which scents the atmosphere and is much prized in Spain for curing wounds ; while the deep but rich verdure of its foliage recalled the Alp- "ose, or Rhododendron of Switzerland. Erica umbellata and Several other heaths in blossom, as E. scoparia and arborea, and our own Calluna, adorned the ground. Rather higher, ‘At the very base of the Sierra, we reached a grove, consisting À Quercus Suber and Q. Lusitanica, intermingled with a ' Pi s. There, amid Myríles, Arbutus, and Cistus, ‘Sew many strange, and to me unknown, species, the most “onspicuous being, assuredly, Digitalis laciniata, bearing a 440 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. crown of glossy, slightly cleft leaves at the top of a bare, — woody stalk, 4 or 5 feet high, and at the very extremity, à spike of orange or rusty-coloured flowers. Linum Narbonense, 1 Adenocarpus Telonensis, Genista triacanthos, and Teucrium à fruticans, were also common, together with a pretty and new Scorzonera with linear leaves. A stream that hurried down — from a gorge in the mountain, traversed this spot, and a few — cottages, built in the valley near it, sheltered with trees and 1 commanding fine glimpses of the sea, appeared as so many — abodes of peace and felicity. : The vegetation of the Sierra Bermeja is very different from — that of ithe other mountain chains in the country, its pecu- — liarities being due, partly to the woods which clothe it, and partly to the nature of its rocks, consisting of a kind of sand- stone and not of chrystalized limestone. As it is the nearest to Africa, so it seems to resemble the secondary ranges of the " Atlas mountains. I saw the lovely Stehelina Boetica begin” ning to expand its delicate pink flowers, Genista hirsuta forming thick and roundish bushes, and Lithospermum prostratum; - which indeed is commori in all the mountainous parts Spain, and was here decked with corollas, white, red, or pur” ple, according to the date of their expansion. My guide told me many wonderful tales of the virtues of this last plant which the country people call yerba de las siete sangrias, be cause its administration is considered of equal virtue with severe blood-lettings. Pinus pinaster, which grew very stunt? at the foot of the mountain, attained at this elevation the stature of a tree, 30 or 40 feet high, the trunk bare of branches below, and the leaves very long, and stiff, and sharp, with scales of its cones much warted. Ata height of 2,000 ^ we halted near a burning spring, charmed with the sbade which the traveller so rarely sees on the mountains of th Peninsula, and enjoying the murmur of the stream and of the wind amid the leaves. Anagallis tenella, Scirpus nigri and S. acicularis, were growing in the water, and sp'eD" bushes of Erica ramulosa and Dorycnium hirsutum around. : GIUM 63 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 441 Up to this point we followed a tolerably easy path, leading into the Serrania de Ronda, over one of the lower points of the chain; but here I left Antonio and my guide, who were to reach the ridge and to meet me on the summit, and struck into a grove of firs on the left, where I gathered Arenaria montana, Herniaria incana, Euphorbia verrucosa, Ceterach Marante, Ruscus aculeatus, and Aphyllanthes Monspeliensis ; but many of these, and also Centaurea Tagana, Chamepeuce Hispanica, Scabiosa tomentosa, and a fine species of Cephalaria were not yet in flower. At a height of about 3,000 feet, the trunks and boughs of the trees were fringed with the lichens of temperate Europe, Usnea barbata, Physcia furfuracea, and P. |... glauca ; and I also detected in chinks of the rocks, a particu- .. lady pretty and delicate kind of Saxifrage. — E For about the last fourth of the ascent, the firs continued to diminish, and they finally disappeared, being replaced by the Pinsapo, which I had thus the satisfaction of examining closely. "The branches with which the trunk of this tree are furnished from the very base, recalled our common spruce fir ; but the remarkable and fleshy thickness of the short leaves, with their cylindrical arrangement on the branches, forbid its being referred to any known species. I hunted for cones, in order to decide the point, but was unable even to find a scrap of one, so I was compelled to defer my investigation to a future period. Among mossy rocks, the elegant Cistus populi- folius displayed its snowy blossoms, in spite of the chilly . coldness that prevailed in the mountain region. We are apt to suppose that the genus Cistus is confined to the warmer Parts of the Mediterranean region, but such is not the case With this species, nor with C. /aurifolius, both of which I have gathered at an elevation of 6,000 feet, in spots where snow : lies unmelted during four or five months of every year. I am Satisfied they would endure uninjured our winters in central : Europe. Two pretty Liliacee grew here, Ornithogalum MP _bellatum, and a Fritillaria, with its brown petals banded longi- : tudinally with yellow. - t; n C VOL. v. à K K 412 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. It was nearly five o'clock in the afternoon when I reached the summit. Nothing was in bloom but Ulex australis, Li- thospermum prostratum, Thymus diffusus, Valeriana tuberosa, and Alyssum serpyllifolium ; other plants, as Serratula Boe- lica, Centaurea acaulis, Tencrium aureum, were hardly in bud. Two barometrical observations, which I took on this day and again a fortnight later, gave the elevation of the highest point at 4741 feet, and enabled me to acquire a general idea of the Sierra Bermeja; I saw it extending and ramifying towards Marbella, sloping always lower and lower from the spot where I stood, clad in all directions with pine forests, and contrast- ing in hue with the bare and calcareous rocks which surround - the latter town. South-easterly it terminates, in steep de- scents, and thence, towards San Roque, an undulated country intervenes, traversed by the river Guadiaro, and also crossed by the road leading to Gibraltar, which my eye could follow up tothat city. To the north, the view was bounded by à labyrinth of arid mountains, called the Serrania de Ronda, and by the Sierras de la Nieve and Saint Christobal, which rose above the rest. Neither Ronda nor its platform was dis- cernible, on account of a lofty ridge south of the town. As for the coast of Africa, it was seen for a much greater extent and far more distinctly than from the Sierra de Mijas. The wind blew so cold, that it would not allow me to remain long on the peak, and night also came on, suggesting the fear that I might be unable to rejoin my companions ; but following the direction of a bright fire which I descried among the trees, I succeeded in - finding them; the blaze proceeding from a fir which they had | kindled, and round which they had encamped, full of uneasi- - mess on my behalf, and proposing to start with the earliest | daylight, and search for me all over the mountain. The night was splendid, and I felt strongly tempted to remain where I was, that I might have a long day's botanizing. But OU provisions were consumed, and cold and hunger combined to ; drive us to the town. As we descended, we heard distinctly | the signal-gun from Gibraltar, a distance of full twenty-0Be miles in a straight line from the place where we stood. | BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 443 At ten at night I reached Estepona, fatigued by the long and exhausting day, though well pleased with its results. The following morning I despatched my servant to the foot of the Sierra, that he might collect specimens of Digitalis laciniata, and other plants which I had been unable to gather the pre- vious day, while I myself explored the adjoining hills. The sun had already scorched up most of the annual species ; but I found instead, several Umbellifere, Eleoselinum fwetidum, Thapsia Garganica, Daucus crinitus, and Magydaris panaci- folia, Vegetation was quite green in the valleys, where, round the vine-dressers’ huts, which are generally placed by a stream, and shadowed with fig-trees, grew Ononis pendula, Doryenium hirsutum and D. rectum, with fine species of Vicia and Lathyrus, on the margin of the rivulets. Near the town, the meadows were surprisingly green, I could have thought myself in northern Europe; but this idea was quickly dissi- pated by an examination of the plants which composed the sward, namely Hedysarum capitatum and Plantago Serruria, mingled with Orchis coriophora in flower. M. Hanselaer, who has lived nearly nine years at Estepona, discovered on these hills a quadruped, new to Europe; the Viverra Ichneumon, hitherto considered to be confined to Egypt and some few spots in Barbary. He saw it in burrows ; the country people call it Meloncillo. The more we explore this southern region, the more numerous will the analogies be found between it and northern Africa; a circumstance quite to be expected, from the similarity of climate and tem- perature. Everything seems to prove that the two conti- nents were formerly joined together, where the Straits of Gibraltar now sever them, and that an inland sea, which filled the place of the central plains of the Peninsula, divided- those regions from the remainder of Europe. nette (To be continued.) 444 A NEW GENUS OF COMPOSIT.E. Description of a New Genus of Compostrm, and a New Species of PLANTAGO, from the Mountains of Tasmania, by J. D. Hooker, M.D. R.N. F.L.S., with two Plates. (Tass. XIII. XIV.) 1 SCLEROLEIMA, Hook. fil. : Capitula solitaria, sub 4-flora ; flosculis omnibus tubulosis; masculo solitario. Involuerum sub 4-phyllum, squamis 1- serialibus, chartaceo-coriaceis, obovatis vix acutis. Recep- taculum nudum, angustum, planum.—Fr. Mas. Corolla infundibuliformi-tubulosa, profunde 4-dentata, dentibus erectis acutis concavis. Stylus validus, exsertus, apice globoso-capitatus, obscure bilobus. Anthere latiuscule, apicibus exsertis, læviter connexæ, basi breviter bi-auricu- late. Achenium parvum, calvum, obscure tetragonum, lineari-obovatum —FL. Fa. Corolla tubulosa, cylindra- cea, basi globosa, ore profunde 4-dentato, dentibus sub- æqualibus patentibus. Stylus elongatus, exsertus, apice breviter bifidus. Achenium obovatum, superne truncatum, tetragonum, angulis subacutis, carinatis, omnino calvum.— Herba pusilla, Tasmanica, habitu Forsteræ uligmosæ, den- E sissime cæspitosa. Caules compacti, una cum foliis angulat — radices crassas fibrosas demittentes. Folia arcte sub 4-fariam — imbricata, coriacea, ovato-subulata. Capitula sessilia, free- tifera elongata. Flores minimi, valde inconspicui. SCLEROLEIMA forsteroides, Hook. fil. (Tas. XV.) Has. Tasmania; forming extended patches on the summit of Mount Wellington and other mountains, R. Br Esg., R. C. Gunn, Esq., J. D. H. uv A very singular little plant, forming a distinct genu though one very closely allied to the Ceratilla, Hook. fil, % — Campbell’s Island, Trineuron, Hook. fil., of Lord Auckland's - Group, and Abrotanella, Gaud., of Cape Horn and the Falk- - lands Islands, All are genera belonging to a section OU - A NEW GENUS OF COMPOSITÆ,. 445 group of Composite, very near the Hippiee, Less., but which may be readily distinguished by their perennial stems, their very peculiar habit, by the absence of pellucid glands and by their being quite inodorous. The present is most nearly allied to the Antarctic American genus, Abrotanella, of the three just alluded to, especially in the paucity of involucral scales and florets, the densely packed stems, imbricating short leaves. It differs from the Abrotanella emarginata in the form of the female florets, and especially of the achænium. This is, however, strictly the representative of that plant, occurring along with several other equally well marked Tasmanian representatives of the Antarctic American Flora, only on the higher parts of the island, where a vegetation is found in some degree analogous to what we should expect to find did Tasmania stretch far south into the Antarctic Ocean. Other such representatives belong to the genera, Astelia, Fagus, Hierochle, Acena, Oreobolus, Carpha, Tasmania, Milligania, and others. This little plant forms immense broad and flat green patches on the top of the Tasmanian Mountains, sometimes extending for yards, surrounded by Restiacee and the Oreo- bolus pumilio, Br. In general appearance it much resembles the Forstera uliginosa of Cape Horn, but is larger, and forms much broader patches. Descr.—Stems densely tufted, erect, sparingly branched, covered throughout their length with leaves; the branches, together with the leaves, angled from the mutual pres- sure; rooting by sending down long thick fleshy fibres. Leaves densely imbricating, sub-quadrifarious, suberect, short, about 3 inch long, broadly sheathing at the base, the rest subulate, acuminate, very thick and coriaceous, the margins obscurely cartilaginous and serrulate, bright green. Capitule very small, when in flower sessile amongst the uppermost leaves, on a short terminal peduncle, which . tlongates after flowering. Involucral scales erect, about 4 or 5, forming together a subcampanulate cup; much shorter than the florets, or even than the achænia. Florets about 4, 446 A NEW SPECIES OF PLANTAGO. the 3 outer female, the inner larger and male. Perianth | of male flowers clavate, 4-dentate, the teeth large, erect; of — the female, shorter, narrower, tubular, and also cleft; the teeth spreading. Stamens nearly free, à exserted. Styles — all exserted ; of the male capitules 2 lobed, of the female . bifid. Achenia al larger than thein volucral scales, short obovate, tetragonous, with the angles keeled, truncated at the broad apex, its coat coriaceous. Seed broadly ovoid. T PLATE XIV.—Fic. 1. Tuft of the natural size; f. 2. capi- tulum; f. 3. female flower; f. 4, male ditto; f. 5. stamen; — f. 6. achænium; f. 7. seed; f. 8. vertical section of 4 - achenium; f. 8. embryo; f. 10. and 11, leaves: — all PLANTAGO Gunnii, Hook. fil ; pumila, caule gracili folios® — folis ovato-oblongis subacutis integerrimis basi in pe^ . tiolum vaginantem attenuatis supremis erecto-patentibus superne pilis elongatis articulatis crinitis, subtus gla- berrimis, pedunculo brevissimo terminali 1-floro, filamentis brevibus, capsula 2-loculari esperma. (Tas. XIIL) | Has. Tasmania, in tufts of Scleroleima forsteroides, (just described), very rare, R. C. Gunn, Esq. | This is decidedly the smallest species of the genus, - barely distinguishable amongst the tufts of Scleroleima Y inhabits : it is further the only truly single flowered spectes - I have seen, the P. monanthos often bearing two, 3 several flowers. o . Descr.—Sfems solitary or a few together, growing 1™ tufts of other plants, 1-2 inches long, very slender, leafy; " for almost the whole way up. Leaves } inch long, loosely : imbricating. Petiole as long as the lamina, semi-amplexicaub smooth ; lamina ovato-oblong, concave, smooth below, abov® covered with long whitish jointed hairs. Peduncle very short pubescent. Bractea concave and one-flowered ; capitulum - hidden amongst the uppermost leaves; calyx-leaves as Jong as the bractea, elliptical, oblong, acute. Corolla with ; ON THE NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. 447 short tube and 4 spreading segments as long as the tube. Slamen exserted; the filaments very short; anthers linear- oblong. Capsule small, exserted, 2-celled; cells 1-seeded. Puare XIII.—F:c. 1. Plant of the natural size; M ST à corolla and stamens ; f. 4. peduncle and fruit-bearing ca- pitulum ; f. 5. seed; f. 6. section of the same; f. 7. leaf: all magnified. Remarks on the New Species of Musci from Quito and Swan River, indicated by Dr. Tavron in the London Journal of Botany, Vol. V. p. 41, by Wizziam Wizson, Ese. (With Two Plates, Tas. XV. XVI.) The writer of these remarks had devoted much time to the investigation of most of the species here enumerated before Dr. Taylor's publication appeared. In not a few instances his conclusions were at variance with those of Dr. Taylor, and he has since carefully reviewed every Species, for which task his long and familiar acquaintance with Sir W. J. Hooker's Herbarium has given him superior advantages. He has also gladly availed himself of the . Specimens most liberally lent to him by Dr. Greville and Lt Jh Taylor for this purpose.—He offers his remarks, with deference, to assist those who may hereafter study the Synonymy and affinities of this tribe. — Phascum cylindricum.—Antermediate forms rather show this to be only a variety of P. tetragonum. Gymnostomum linearifolium is Zygodon cyathicarpus, (Mon- tagne, i in Annales des Sciences Nat. Aug. 1845, p. 106!) . — Gymnostomum brevicaule seems scarcely different idis Pottia minutula var. y. obtusa, (Bruch et Schimper).—The - leaves are perhaps more elliptical, the nerve Mat excur- Rent, and the prie: is apiculate.— — 0-2 448 ON THE NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. Gymnostomum inflerum appears to be the same as Weissia mucronata, (Nees et Hornsch.), except in the absence of a peristome. Gymnostomum apophysatum, is a Physcomitrium, foliis ovatis acuminatis subintegris evanidinerviis, capsula clavata. Leptostomum squarrosum, bas a double peristome, and the babit is that of Paludella. The sulcate capsule, however, shews it to be an Awlocamnion.—(A. flexifolium, Hook. et Wils. MSS.), foliis pentastichis flexuosis ovato-oblongis api- culatis subsolidinerviis. (Tas. XV. G.)—It differs from A. pentastichum, (Montagne), in the shorter flexuose leaves, and from Paludella squarrosa in the absence of serratures, and in the striated capsule. Brachymitrium Jamesoni, (TAB. XV. A.), belongs to the order of Splachnacee, and appears to be a species of Ere- modon, (Bridel), or perhaps of Tayloria, (Bruch et Schimper), from which it differs merely in the scabrous calyptra. It is allied to Tayloria Rudolphiana. Another curious species has been sent from South America by Mr. Lobb.* * Eremodon spathulatus, (Hook. et Wils.); foliis spathulatis argute ser- ratis evanidinerviis siccitate undulato-crispatis, seta breviuscula, capsula cylindrica exapophysata, operculo conico-apiculato brevi, calyptra mt triformi hirta basi appendiculata. (Tan. XV. B.) . Has. South America. Mr. Lobb, 105. . . Stems half an inch long and more, with purplish radicles, Leaves not expanding in water, Teeth of the peristome in 8 pairs, horizontal, pale - not reflexed when dry. No annulus. The inflorescence is monoicous, tbe male flower capituliform. . À 2 In all the Splachna hitherto examined, the sporules are arranged 8 - a very peculiar manner : they are lodged in cells radiating from the cola- . mella, to the number of eight or nine. The knowledge of this fact supplies — a ready solution of the difficulty mentioned by Dr. Montagne in Annales i des Sciences Nat., Aug. 1845, 119. Weissia (Encamptodon) peri (Mont.) is evidently a Splachnoid Moss, of which he remarks: “ Quete — n’a pas été ma surprise, en cherchant à connaître les spores, de trouver à leur place, des espèces de gemmes analogues à celles qu'on rencontre dans - les corbeilles des Marchantiées. Toutes les urnes que j'ai ouvertes €? étaient complètement remplies. Ces gemmes sont cuneiformes ou para: ON THE NEW SPECIES OF MUSsCI. 449 Grimmia leiocarpa, is G. leucophea, var. capsula subro- tunda.—G, campestris is not distinct from G. leucophea. Grimmia cygnicolla, is G. pulvinata var. 8. obtusa, (Br. et Sch.) : Orthotrichum elongatum.—Dr. Greville’s specimen com- prises two species, one with a smooth capsule and eight cilia, the other with a substriated capsule and sixteen cilia. The first is closely allied to O. leptocarpum, (Br. et Sch.) Schlotheimia oblonga, is truly Orthotrichum longifolium, Hook. Musc. Exot. Though this Moss has a double peris- tome, the calyptra shows it to belong to Macromitrium (Bri- del.) Zygodon Drummondii.—All the specimens sent to me by Dr. Taylor under this name certainly belong to Codonoble- pharum Menziesii, (Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 137), and to this Dr. Taylor's description of the leaf and operculum seems to refer. Of the Zygodon itself we have seen no specimen. It is pro- bably the same as a Moss from New Zealand (Menzies, n. 66) which Dr. Taylor has sent under the name of “ Codonoble- pharum Menziesii," but which is Zygodon angustifolius, (Hook. et Greville, MSS.) Probably Mr. Menzies distributed both Mosses under one name, since there is no counterpart in the Hookerian Herbarium of what was sent to Schwaegrichen. Didymoden luteus, is nearly allied to D. squarrosus, (Hook.) ; it appears to be the same as Neckera viticulosoides (P. Beauv.), or rather one of the two Mosses given by P. Beau- vois under that name. Barbula Jamesoni, allied to the last, has the peristome of Trichostomum (Br. et Sch.), and in habit is very unlike a Tortula, lélogrammes. Je n'ai pas rencontré d'autre moyen de propagation. On ne pourra jamais regarder ces organes comme de vraies spores." In this tase the cuneiform masses consist of the cellular tissues containing a number of spores in a state of aggregation ; the only difference being that the cellular tissue is not, as in ordinary cases, absorbed or broken up into solitary cellules. In sections of the half-ripe capsule of Splachnum sphe- ricum the radiating lines of spores are very conspicuous. VOL. v. LE 450 ON THE NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. Barbula | inequalifolia.—Foliis ovato-lanceolatis obtusis margine revolutis, peristomii dentibus bis contortis. — (TAB. XV.-D). Barbula replicata.—Foliis lanceolato-subulatis obtusiuscu- lis brevissime mucronulatis siccitate contortis.—(Tas. XV. C.)—Leaves narrower and longer than in the last. Barbula rectifolia, is Barbula gracilis (Schwaegr.), var. seta longiori. Barbula erythrodonta, foliis lanceolatis acuminatis carinatis marginatis.—(Tas. XV. F.)—A very remarkable Moss, with much of the habit of Leptotheca speciosa (Hook, et Wils.)— The teeth of the peristome united below into a short tube. Barbula torquata, allied to Tortula unguiculata, but the leaves more acute. When dry it resembles B. replicata, to which it is also allied. Barbula crassinervia, is Tortula recurvata, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 130, var. seta breviori.—A specimen from the Cape; (Mund, n. 30), is still smaller, and intermediate between this and T. parvula (Hook. et Grev.), which does not appear to be a distinct species. All these have certainly the peristome of Tortula, but are probably only a more developed state of Desmatodon nervosus, (Br. et Sch.)—The leaves and inflo- rescence are exactly the same. Barbula rufiseta, is Tortula Australasie, (Hook. et Grev.) which may be only a state of Tortula vinealis, (Bridel).—In this Moss the peristome is very slightly twisted, and ap- _ proaches very closely to Trichostemum in its structure. Bryum pungens, B. inequale, and B. multicaule—These three are most closely allied, the two latter especially seem to belong to the same species. In B. pungens the leaves are more acuminated and less crowded, but no essential difference 1$ perceptible. The nerve of the leaf in all three ceases below the apex. j Bryum tenuissimum, is Schistidium pulchellum (Hook. € .— Wils.), but not a Schistidium as now defined by Bruch and : Schimper. For this and the allied species, S. arcuatum, the new generic name, Eccremidium, is proposed for a genus cha- — ON THE NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. 451 racterized by the short, thick, arcuate seta, and pendulous capsule. Phascum exiguum (Hook. et Wils.), may prove to belong to this genus, when examined in a sufficiently mature state. Bryum campylothecium, differs from B. Billardieri, (Schwaegr.), in the more concave leaves with longer points and larger areole ; but after comparing it with B. Billardieri of Bruch and Schimper (which appears to be B. Canariense, Schwaegr.), from Sardinia and Istria, and with B. Canariense, (Schwaegr.), from the Canaries, it seems expedient to consider all these as varieties of one species. : Bryum creberrimum, appears to be only a variety of B. ob- conicum (Hornsch.), with longer sete and smaller capsules than usual. The elongated surculi furnish no character, and are not found in all the specimens sent by Mr. Drummond from the Swan River. Bartramia strictifolia, is B. stricta (Bridel). tab Bartramia integrifolia, scarcely differs from B. pendula (Hook.), except in the absence of serratures on the leaf, and may be only a variety ; the inflorescence is dioicous, the peri- gonial leaves are ovate, spreading. Bartramia angulata, is believed to be B. rufiflora (Hornsch. Fl. Bras) The leaves are quinquefarious. Brachymenium subrotundum, (Tas. XVI. H.), has the pe- ristome of Acidodontium, of which another new species has been gathered by Professor Jameson.* Funaria subnuda, is F. physcomitrioides (Montagne, Crypt. Nilgh.), var. foliis minus acuminatis. * Acidodontium seminerve (Hook. et Wils.), foliis erectis ovato-lanceo- latis acuminatis subintegris seminerviis, seta elongata, capsula pyriformi- NN horizontali, operculo hemisphærico, peristomio albido.—(TA»B. Sm Forests of the Andes, Professor Jameson, n. 328, and Pichincha, 327 ? (fruit immature).—This has the habit of Brachymenium. Seta 2 inches long. Leaves shining green, almost piliferous, not shrinking when dry. ence dioicous, ; L L 2 452 ON THE NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. Funaria glabra, may be a distinct species, but the charac- ters are very much those of F. Fontanesii. Schistidium Drummondii.—If this Moss had a nerve, as stated, no question would exist concerning its separation from Anictangium imberbe. No such character exists in A. aus- trale (MSS. nob.), which is only a variety of A. imberbe. Fabronia incana, is F. tomentosa (Hook. et Wils. Ic. Pl. t. 739), and also F. Hampeana (Sonder in Hampe, Ic. Muse. t. 13). The latter name was published the first. Pterogonium Jamesoni is Neckera leptocarpa, (Hook. et Wils., MSS.)—(Tas. XVI. L.)—Certainly a Neckera, allied to N. Beyrichii, but the leaves larger and serrulate above; and the perichætial leaves closely sheathing the base of the short seta, capsule long and narrow, when old pellucid, so as to show the columella within. Neckera Jamesoni, may perhaps be a variety of N. Dou- glasii, (Hook.) ; Neckera luteovirens, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, operculo conico-subulato, calyptra mitriformi glabra coriacea rufo-fusca.—(Tas. XVI. N.) Hookeria erectiuscula, allied to Neckera scabriseta (Schw-) from which it differs in the longer seta, and wider more sym- metrical leaves. Hookeria chloroneura, still more like Neckera scabriseta, of which it may even be a small slender variety, with the nerves of the leaf more evident than usual. Leskea superba, (TAB. XVI. M.)— Perhaps two species are included. The principal specimen from the westerly declivity of Pichincha is identical with Hypnum flagelliforme (Hum- boldt), in Herb. Hook. Leskea gymnopoda.—By means of intermediate specimens gathered in Brazil by Mr. Gardner, it would appear that this is only a state of Hypnum expansum (Taylor). : Leskea angustata, is apparently the same as Pierogonium consanguineum (Montagne in Crypt. Nilgh.) which may be only a variety of P. nervosum, whose peristome is that of Leskea. - ON THE NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. 453 Leskea imponderosa, is Cryphea helictophylla (Montagne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Aug. 1845), which may be only a variety of Neckera fuscescens (Hooker).—Another Moss, sent by Pro- fessor Jameson, but unfortunately not in fruit, is remarkable for a far more slender habit than L. imponderosa.* Hypnum Jamesoni, may be a new species; it is H. asperum, (Hook. MSS. in Herb). Hypnum Drummondii, is Leskea homomalla, (Hampe, Ic. Musc. t. 6). The peristome, however, is certainly that of Hypnum. There is not any annulus in this species. Hypnum lepturum, is probably a Leskea, foliis subsecundis integerrimis nitentibus basi laxe reticulatis vix ac ne vix mar- gine reflexis. Hypnum microcladum, (Leskea ?) 'The capsule of one speci- men is quite erect; no apophysis is apparent, nor any reflexed margin to the leaf. It is nearly allied to Hypnum hyalinum (Schwaegr.), which may also be a Leskea. Hypnum expansum, not different from Neckera longirostris (Hooker), which is believed to be a Leskea, to which genus other Mosses, described as Neckere in Musci Exotici, should also be referred. The smaller specimen in Herb. Grevill. is apparently different, and much resembles H. neckeroides, (Hooker), but has a shorter nerve. Hypnum scariosum, may be only a variety of H. Megapoli- tanum. The principal difference is in the slightly-reflexed margin, and more filmy texture of the leaf. Hypnum solutum, is H. toxarion (Schwaegr.), according to * Cryphea ? tenuissima (Hook. et Wils.), caule pendulo capillari flexuoso elongato ramoso, ramis patentibus filiformibus subsimplicibus, foliis dis- tantibus erectis ovato-acuminatis serrulatis seminerviis, perichzetialibus quadruplo longioribus attenuatis.—(TaB. XV. E.) ` Woods, Baños, Jameson. m The stems of this exceedingly delicate Moss are a foot long and more, not thicker than a hair, thinly covered with very small scattered leaves, disposed ing. The perichetia are very conspicuous. The remains of an old capsule, which may have belonged to this Moss, showed a Neckeroid Peristome. 454 ON THE NEW SPECIES OF MUSCI. Dr. Montagne. The specimens described by Schwaegrichen from St. Domingo are without fruit, (vid. Suppl. I. 2, p. 283). Daltonia ovalis, (See p. 66, and Tas. XVI. K.)—The peris- tome of this and of D. splachnoides is sufficiently like that of Hookeria to admit of their being placed in the same genus, and a connecting link is furnished by Æookeria nervosa, (Hook. fil. et Wils.)—'The calyptra is nota peculiar character, being found in several undoubted Hookerie, e. g. H. para- doxa (Mont.), H. Dicksoni (Hook.), H. flaccida (Hook. fil. et Wils.), and H. Magellanica (P. Beauv.) Fissidens pygmeus, not the Moss of Hornsch. in Linnea, vol. 15, p. 147 (1841), but nearly allied.—F. pygmeus, (Hornsch.), is a smaller species, with an erect capsule. In Dr. Taylor's Moss it is inclined, the leaves not obviously ob- tuse, inflorescence monoicous. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. A. Eremodon Jamesoni, (See p. 44,* under Brachymitrion)— 1. leaf; 2. capsule; 3. calyptra; 4. peristome; ten times magnified B. Eremodon spathulatus, (Hook. et Wils.),—Similar parts, magnified ten times. Tortula replicata, (See p. 49, under Barbula).—1. leaf, ten times magnified; 2. apex of leaf, forty-five times magnified. D. Tortula inequalifolia, (See p. 49, under Barbula).—1. leaf; 2. capsule ; 3. perichætium ; all ten times magnified. E. Cryphea tenuissima, (Hook. et Wils.)—1. portion of a stem with perichztium, en times magnified; 2. pet cheetial leaf, ten times magnified ; 3. stem-leaf, forty- five times magnified. : F. Tortula erythrodonta, (See p. 50, under Barbula).—The leaves and capsule; ten times magnified. G. Aulocamnion flexifolium, (Hook. et Wils.), (See p- E * These references are to Dr. Taylor's descriptions at the respective page FLORA OF BRAZIL, 455 under Leptostomum squarrosum.—The leaves and cap- sule; zen times magnified. PLATE XVI. H. Acidodontium subrotundum, (See p. 56).—Leaves and capsule, ten times magnified; 1. stem-leaf; 2. branch leaves ; 4. portion of peristome, highly magnified. I. Acidodontium seminerve, (Hook. et Wils.).—The leaves, capsule and peristome, Zen times magnified. K. Daltonia (Hookeria ?) ovalis, (See p. 66).—Leaves, cap- sule, peristome, and calyptra, ten times magnified. L. Neckera leptocarpa (Hook. et Wils.), (See p. 59, under Pterigonium Jamesoni).—Leaves, capsule, calyptra, perichætium 3, and peristome 5, all tem times mag- nified. Leskea superba, (See p. 61).—1. stem-leaf ; 2. portion of a branch, both ten times magnified. N. Neckera luteo-virens, (See p. 59).—Leaf, capsule, and calyptra, ten times magnified. Of the two latter, as also of Cryphea tenuissima, only a part of the whole specimen is introduced of the natural size. Contributions towards a FLora or BRAZIL, being the cha- racters of several New Species of Composit&, belonging to the tribe EUPATORIACE® ;—By GrorGe GARDNER, Esq., F.LS., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. (Continued from p. 242.) IsocanPna, R. Br. 4837. Is. fastigiata; caule herbaceo erecto ramoso, ramis teretibus striatis pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis oppositis in petiolum basi longe attenuatis superne oblongis obtusis pauce dentatis vel subintegris triplinerviis membranaceis 456 FLORA OF BRAZIL. glabris pellucido-punctatis, capitulis paucis ad apicem ra- mulorum corymbosis breviter pedicellatis 20-25-floris. Has. In moist open places in the Diamond District, Brazil. FL in July. Herba 2-3 pedalis. Folia 2-23 poll. longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Involucrum campanulatum ; squamis biseriatis, oblongo-lan- ceolatis, acutis, 3-nerviis, 14 lin. longis. Receptaculum coni- cum, paleaceum, paleis lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, 1-nerviis. Corollæ tubulosæ, ad faucem ampliate, extus glanduloso- puberule, lineam circiter longe, albee. Styli rami longe ex- serti, cylindrici, obtusi. Achænium oblongum, nigrum, acute pentagonum, glabrum, epapposum. Near I. atriplicifolia, R. Br., but differs from it in the shape of the leaves, and, according to the description by Lin- næus, in the “Amænitates Academcæ,” vol. Iv. p. 329, in the paleæ being entirely glabrous, not villous at the apex. Au- ricular stipulæ are said to exist at the base of the leaves in I. atriplicifolia. In the present species there is a very small | pair of leaves nearly on the same plane and alternating with the others, and of the same shape, which gives them the appearance of stipule. Those in I. atriplicifolia are no doubt of a similar nature, only differing in shape. 4839. Is. eupatorioides; caule herbaceo erecto ramoso, ramis teretibus pubescentibus, foliis petiolatis ovato-oblongis vel - oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque acutis vel rariter obtusiusculis supra glabriusculis subtus pubescentibus grosse serrato- dentatis, capitulis conferto-corymbosis circiter 40-floris. Has. In moist open places, near San Romäo, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. July. Herba 1-2-pedalis. Folia 10-18-lin. longa, 4-5 lata, supra - viridia, subtus pallida, Petioli 2-lin. circiter longi. Involu- crum campanulatum, squamis biseriatis, lineari-oblongis obtusis, 3-nerviis, extus villosis, apice barbatis, 14 lin. longis. : Receptaculum conicum, paleaceum, paleis paucis, parvi» - spathulatis, obtusis, glabris. Achænium oblongum, 5-angu* - latum, nigrum, epapposum, FLORA OF BRAZIL. 457 This species is well distinguished from the other Brazilian ones by the very small scales of the receptacle. 4838. Is. foliosa; tota villoso-subtomentosa, caule herbaceo suberecto ramoso, ramis teretibus striatis foliosis, foliis ses- silibus oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque obtusis supra medium serrato-dentatis triplinerviis, capitulis paucis ad apicem ramulorum corymbosis circiter 30-floris. Has. In inundated places on the banks of the Rio Urucuya, near San Romäo, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in June, Herba 1-14-pedalis, Folia 10-lin. longa, 3-lin. lata. In- volucrum campanulatum, squamis biseriatis, oblongis, obtu- sis, 3-nerviis, extus dense villosis, 14 lin. longis. Recepta- culum conicum, paleaceum, paleis lineari-spathulatis, obtusis, l-nerviis, extus ad apicem villoso-barbatis. Corolle tubu- lose, ad faucem dilatatæ, glabræ, 14 lin. longe. Styli rami exserti, clavati. Achænium oblongum, 5-angulatum, glabrum, nigrum, eleganter reticulatum, epapposum. STEVIA, Cavin. .. 4839. (2). St. (Paleaceo-aristatæ) resinosa; caule herbaceo erecto ramoso pubescenti-tomentoso, foliis oppositis oblon- gis obtusis basi in petiolum attenuatis crenato-serratis utrinque pubescenti-tomentosis resinoso-punctatis tripli- nerviis nervis subtus prominulis, capitulis breviter pedicel- latis ad apices ramulorum paucis, involucri squamis lineari- lanceolatis acutis extus piloso-tomentosis, pappo paleaceo et subbiaristato. Haz. Serra de Piedade, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. . FL. in Sept. Herba pedalis et ultra. Folia 12-15-lin. longa, 4-6-lin. lta. Pedicelli glandulosi. Involucrum cylindricum, squa- l mis 5, 3-lin. circiter longis. Flores rosei, extus versus basin Plosi. Achænia superne ad angulos pilosa. Aristæ corolla triplo breviores, 458 FLORA OF BRAZIL. So far as regards technical characters, this species appears to come near S. ivefolia, Wild. 4839. (3). St. (Multiaristatæ) collina ; caule herbaceo erecto parce ramoso villoso-tomentoso, foliis oppositis oblongo- . lanceolatis acutis in petiolum attenuatis grosse serrato- dentatis 3-nerviis, nervis subtus prominulis, utrinque sparse pilosis subtus nigro-punctatis, corymbo paniculato, capitulis pedicellatis, involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis pilosis achænium angulato-suleatum ad apicem pilosius- culum, superantibus pappi aristis 15-20 scaberrimis achæ- nio longioribus. . Has. Near Morro Velho, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Sept. Herba 13-2- pedalis. Folia 2-poll. circiter longa, 6-7-lin. lata, supra viridia, subtus pallida. Pedicelli dense glandu- - loso-pilosi. Involucrum cylindricum, squamis 5, 34 lin. lon- . gis, 3-nerviis. Corolle rose, lobis extus pilosis. This species will range along with S. Lundiana, DC. 1744 et 2211. St. (Multiaristate) imbricata; caule herbaceo erecto ramoso tereti striato puberulo, folis inferioribus - oppositis lanceolatis acutis in petiolum attenuatis ad me- dium grosse serrato-dentatis membranaceis triplinerviis glabriusculis superioribus alternis, capitulis ad apices ramu- lorum paucis pedicellatis 6-floris, involucri squamis biseria- - tis imbricatis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis glabriusculis, exterioribus minoribus, achænio angulato-sulcato pilosius- culo, pappi aristis 35-40 inæqualibus scaberrimis achænio | longioribus. > Has. Near Aracaty, Province of Ceará (n. 1744), and dry sandy Campos, near the city of Oeiras, Province of Piauby - (n. 2211), Brazil. Fl. in June. Annua, 2-pedalis. Folia 2-poll. longa, 6-9-lin. lata. P edi- celli pilosi. Involucrum subcylindricum, 4 lin. longum, T: f mis 3-nerviis, nervis extus prominulis. Corolle roseæ, CY lin- dricæ. Styli rami breviter exserti. Near S. calycina, DC., with which it agrees in having: 3 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 459 double series of involucral scales, but differs in having lanceo- late serrate, not linear entire, leaves, and pilose achænia. TRICHOGONIA, Gardn. KuuniA, Sect. Tricuoconia, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 126. Endl. Gen. Plant. p. 368. Cuar. Gen. Capitulum multiflorum, involucri squamis 1-2-serialibus, æqualibus. Receptaculum nudum, planum. Corolle tubulosæ, ad faucem ampliatæ, extus pilose. Styli rami longe exserti, semiterites, clavati, obtusi. Achenia acute pentagona, ad angulos piloso-scabrida. Pappus 1- serialis, plumosus.—Herbæ vel suffrutices, in Brasilia et America Boreali crescentes, foliis alternis vel rariter oppo- sitis, uninerviis, rarius triplinerviis, linearibus vel ovalis, capitulis corymbosis, pedicellatis, corollis pallide purpureis. I have here separated and formed into a distinct genus De Candolle's second section of the genus Kuhnia, because the three species which constitute that section, together with three new ones which I find in my Brazilian collections, differ from the normal species of the genus in having the involucral scales of the same length, the corolla with a widely dilated throat, and hairy outside, and the achænia acutely five-angled, with the angles pilose. From Clavigera, which it approaches in some respects, Trichogonia differs in the nature of the involucrum and achænia. 2212, Trich. campestris; herbacea basi sublignosa ramosa, ramis elongatis striatis pubescentibus ad apicem subcorym- boso-ramulosis, foliis inferioribus late linearibus obtusis in . petiolum attenuatis grosse et distanterdentatis, superioribus angustioribus integerrimis, capitulis paucis pedicellatis co- rymbosis sub-20-floris, involucris quamis 1-serialibusæquali- bus lineari-oblongis obtusis extus pakoon ad spioni bar- batis 5-nerviis. Has. In open sandy Campos, near the ik of Oeiras, Pro- vince of Piauhy, Brazil. Fl. in March and April. Herba erecta, 14 pedalis. Folia majora 2-poll. longa, 460 : FLORA OF BRAZIL. 2-lin. circiter lata, pennivenia, reticulata. Involucrum cam- panulatum, squamis 2 lin. longis. Receptaculum nudum. Corollæ 14 lin. longe, ad faucem dilatatæ, obtuse 5-dentate, dentibus extus hirtis, pallide purpureæ. Styli rami valde elongati, semiteretes, clavati, obtusi. Achænium oblongum, basi attenuatum, acute pentagonum, precipue ad angulos piloso-scabrum. Pappus corolla brevior uniserialis, æqualis, paleis setosis, plumosis, stramineis. 4851. Trich. multiflora ; fruticulosa erecta ramosa tota piloso- glandulosa, ramis striatis foliosis, foliis sessilibus linearibus utrinque obtusis margine revolutis supra medium serrato- . dentatis, capitulis pedicellatis corymbosis circiter 70-floris, involucri squamis 2-serialibus æqualibus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis extus glanduloso-pilosis 3-nerviis. Has. In elevated Campos in the Diamond District, Brazil. Fl. in July. Frutex 3-4-pedalis. Folia secus ramos conferta, penni- venia, reticulata, 12-16-lin. longa, 24 lin. circiter lata. Invo- lucrum campanulatum, squamis 4 lin. longis, interioribus angustioribus. Receptaculum nudum. Corolle ad faucem ampliatæ, extus hirsute, 24 lin. longe, pallide purpure®- Styli rami elongati, compressi, ad apicem dilatati, obtust Achenium elongatum, basi attenuatum, 5-angulatum, ? angulos precipue piloso-scabrum. Pappus corolla brevior aequalis, uniserialis, paleis setosis plumosis, stramineis- 4839. (1) Trich. salviefolia; glanduloso-pubescens, caule erecto basi suffruticoso striato ad apicem corymboso-r moso, foliis longe petiolatis inferioribus oppositis lineari- lanceolatis acutiusculis basi obtusis grosse serrato-dentatis superioribus alternis, capitulis breviter pedicellatis corym^ bosis 30-floris, involucri squamis 9-serialibus æqualibus lineari-oblongis obtusis extus glanduloso-pubescentibus apicem barbatis 3-nerviis. Has. In a dry Campo, near Morro Velho, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Sept. Herba 1-14-pedalis, basi lignosa, caule tereti, folios Folia 2-poll. longa, 4-lin. lata, pennivenia, minute pellucido- DE die ue tu Ss tas NE SE LS Sd nod de" n 3 sem FLORA OF BRAZIL. 461 punctata; petioli 6-lin. longi, teretes. Involucrum campanu- latum, squamis 14 lin. longis. Receptaculum. nudum. Corollæ ad faucem dilatatæ, extus hirsute, 14 lin. longe. Styli rami elongati, semiterites, clavati. Achænium oblongum, basi attenuatum, pentagonum, ad angulos pilosum. Pappus corolla brevior æqualis, uniserialis, paleis setosis, plumosis, albidis. CravicERA, DC. 2898, 4846, et 4847. Cl. pinifoha ; fruticosa glabra ramosa, ramis elongatis subfasciculatis teretibus subangulatis dense foliosis, foliis alternis sessilibus solitariisvel ternatim-fascicu- latis anguste linearibus acutis integerrimis uninerviis utrin- que punctulatis, capitulis corymboso-fasciculatis pedicella- tis erectis 4-floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis 3-se- riatis oblongis obtusis vel acutiusculis striatis glabris ciliolatis, exterioribus multo brevioribus ovatis, achænio 10-angulato piloso-villoso. Has. Dry bushy hills, district of the Rio Preto, Province of Pernambuco (n. 2898), elevated Campos in the Diamond Distriet (n. 4847), and on the Serra de Piedade, Minas Geraes (n. 4846), Brazil. Fl. from July to Sept. Frutex 4-6 pedalis. Folia 12-15-lin. longa, à lin. lata. Involucrum subcylindricum, 3-34 lin. longum. Receptacu- lum planum nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, glabræ, 5-dentate. Stylus basi bulbosus, bulbis villosis. Pappus 1-serialis, inæqualis, setosus, scaber. | _ A curious point connected with this plant is the manner in which the leaves are arranged, being alternate, and either solitary or in fascicles of threes, the bases of the two lateral ones being covered by that of the middle one. — Liarris, Schreb. 4864. L. (Leptoclinium) Brasiliensis ; fruticosa glabra dicho- tomo-ramosa, ramis angulato-striatis foliosis, foliis oppo- sitis et summis alternis brevissime petiolatis internodio lon- 462 FLORA OF BRAZIL. gioribus anguste oblongo-lanceolatis acutis basi cuneatis supra medium serrato-dentatis glaberrimis reticulato-veno- sis venis utrinque prominulis, junioribus viscosis, corymbo terminali oligocephalo, capitulis breviter pedicellatis 5- floris, involucri oblongi squamis 3-seriatis ovato-oblongis striatis ciliolatis extus glabris viscosis, exterioribus bre- vioribus, achænio 5-angulato piloso-scabrido. Has. Elevated rocky places in the Diamond District, Brazil. Fl. in August. Frutex 3-pedalis. Folia 12-14-lin. longa, 3-44-lin. lata, coriacea. Involucrum 3 lin. longum, albidum. Receptacu- lum obtuse conicum, punetatum, nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, glabre, purpureæ, 5-dentate, dentibus oblongis, obtusis. Antheræ incluse. Styli rami cylindrici, longe exserti. Pap- pus 2-serialis, corolla brevior, rufo-purpurescens, setis barbellatis, exterioribus brevioribus. This small shrub, which forms a most interesting addition to the Flora of Brazil, is very different in habit from the usual forms of Liatris. It, however, agrees with the L. fru- licosa, Nutt., a native of East Florida. In general appear- ance it resembles very much some of the cuneate leaved species of Baccharis, DzgcacuxTA, DC. 4863. D. longifolia ; fruticosa ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis glabris, foliis oppositis petiolatis longe lanceolatis basi acutis apice acuminatissimis glaberrimis grosse serrato-dentatis penniveniis venis utrinque prominulis, superioribus alter- nis longioribus viscosis, corymbis axillaribus terminali- busque dichotomo-ramosis laxis fulvo-villoso-tomentos!5; capitulis breviter pedicellatis oblongis 8-12-floris, involucri squamis 3-seriatis oblongis obtusis striatis extus resinos0- viscosis, pappo coroniformi 5-dentato. Han. In elevated rocky tracts in the Diamond. District; Brazil. Fl. in July. Frutex 5.6 pedalis. Folia 5-7-poll. longa, 6-10-lin. lata, FLORA OF BRAZIL, 463 eleganter reticulato-venosa, Involucrum 2-lin. longum. Receptaculum convexum, paleaceum, paleis linearibus, obtusis, ad apicem pilosiusculis. Corolle tubulosæ, gla- bre. Antheræ incluse, breviter et obtuse appendiculate. Styli rami longi exserti. Achænia acute 5-angulata, gla- bra. : Although this and the succeeding species differ in some minor points from the one on which De Candolle founded the genus, they are not of sufficient importance to constitute a generic distinction. In the present species the pappus is reduced to a mere ring, but the presence of fine teeth show a tendency to the production of sete. In the following species the setæ vary from 5 to 10, those corresponding to the angles of the achænium being the largest, while the inter- mediate ones are either wanting altogether, or much smaller than the others. 1736 et 1974. D. conferta ; fruticosa ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis glabris, foliis oppositis petiolatis lanceolatis basi acutis apice acuminatis glaberrimis minute subserrato- dentatis penniveniis venis utrinque prominulis, junioribus viscosis, corymbis terminalibus confertis irregulariter ramo- sis fusco-tomentosis, capitulis breviter pedicellatis oblongis 6-14-floris, involucri squamis 2-seriatis obtusis subapicu- latis striatis ciliatis extus resinoso-viscosis, pappo 5-10- Setoso, setis glabris valde inæqualibus. Has. Serra de Araripe (n. 1736), and Maçapé (n. 1974), Province of Ceará, Brazil. Fl. Oct. and Dec. Frutex 5-pedalis, Folia 3}-5-poll. longa, 9-lin. lata, ele- ganter reticulato-venosa. Involucrum vix 2-lin. longum. Receptaculum planum, paleaceum, paleis lineari-subspathu- latis, Obtusis, ad apicem pilosiusculis. Corolle tubulose, glabra, Antheræ incluse, breviter et obtuse appendiculatæ. Styli rami longe exserti, Achænia acute 5-angulata, gla- ra, * 464 FLORA OF BRAZIL. CuromoLana, DC. 4840. (1). Ch. horminoides, DC.; herbacea parce ramosa ubique capitulis exceptis tomentosa, folis petiolatis lanceolatis utrinque acutis apice mucronulatis crenato- serratis subtriplinerviis creberrime resinoso-punctatis, ca- pitulis ad apices ramulorum paucis subcymosis 40-floris, involucri obovati squamis multiserialibus imbricatis late oblongis obtusis striatis glaberrimis. Chromolæna horminoides, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 133. Has. Diamond District, Brazil. Fl. in July. Herba perennis, basi simplex, 1-2-pedalis. Folia 3-4-poll. longa, 9-12-lin. lata, subtus lanuginoso-tomentosa. Involu- crum pallide violaceum, 6 lin. longum. Receptaculum paleaceum, paleis linearibus, obtusis, apice coloratis. Corolle violaceæ, vix exserte. Achænia acute 5-angulata, ad angulos piloso-scabrida. Pappus 1-serialis, setosus, setis scabridis, stramineis, corollam subæquantibus, This I believe to be the plant on which De Candolle founded the genus. It and the two succeeding species are remarkable for the immense number of very minute globular resinous particles which exist on both sides of the leaves. They are much fewer on my C. pratensis (Hook. Lond. Journ. 1, p. 176), and do not exist at all on C. decumbens. 4840. Ch. Candolleana; herbacea erecta ramosa toa capitulis exceptis tomentosa, ramis oppositis elongatis teretibus striatis foliosis, folis brevi petiolatis utrinque obtusiusculis apice mucronulatis grosse crenato-serratis triplinerviis creberrime resinoso-punctatis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum paucis subcorymbosis 40-floris, involucri obovato-oblongi squamis multiserialibus imbricatis oblon- gis obtusis striatis glaberrimis. : Has. Serra das Araras, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. : Fl. in June. | Herba perennis, 2-3-pedalis, Folia 15-24-lin. longa, 6-9- lin. lata. Petioli 14-2-lin. longi. Involucrum pallide viola- ceum, 6-lin. longum. Receptaculum paleaceum, paleis anguste FLORA OF BRAZIL. 465 linearibus obtusis, 5 lin. longis. Corolla violaceæ involucro subequales. Achenia acute 5-angustata, ad angulos piloso- scabrida. Pappus uniserialis, setosus, setis scabridis, stra- mineis, corollam subæquantibus. Distinguished from the preceding species by its smaller and differently shaped leaves, narrower involucral scales, and more branched habit. Re 4841. Ch. leucocephala; herbacea erecta ramosa tota capi- tulis exceptis villoso-tomentosa, ramis oppositis con- fertis teretibus striatis foliosis, foliis brevissime petiolatis oblongis vel ovato-oblongis utrinque obtusis crenatis tri- plinerviis creberrime resinoso-punctatis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum 1-3 in paniculam magnam dispositis 25-floris, involucri oblongi squamis multiserialibus imbricatis spathu- lato-oblongis obtusis striatis glaberrimis. Has. Dry Campos between the Rio Claro and San Romio, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in June. Herba perennis, bipedalis. Folia 15-24-lin. longa, 8-12- lin. lata, basi interdum subcordata, grosse reticulata. Invo- lucrum stramineum, 7-lin. longum. Receptaculum paleaceum, paleis stellato-radiatis stipitatis. Corolle violaceæ involucro breviores. Achænia acute 5-angulata, ad angulos piloso- hispida. Pappus uniserialis, setis scabridis, stramineis. This species is distinguished from the preceding by its very remote habit, differently shaped leaves, longer and nar- Tower capitula, straw-coloured, not violaceous, involucral Scales, and from all the species of the genus by the very Temarkable scales of the receptacle. o 4860. Ch. alternifolia; caule herbaceo erecto tereti striato | villoso-tomentoso simplici, foliis alternis petiolatis oblongo- : Supra pilosiusculis subtus piloso-tomentosis triplinerviis, ~ Corymbis terminalibus, capitulis ad apices ramulorum con- .. fertis sessilibus 12-floris, involucri oblongi squamis 3-seria- _ tis laxe imbricatis oblongis acutis striatis subciliatis, exte- .. Moribus brevioribus ad apicem pilosis. - VOL, v. s MM ellipticis obtusis basi acutis crenato-dentatis coriaceis - 466 FLORA OF BRAZIL. Has. Dry hills near Morro Velho, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Sept. Herba perennis. Caules plures ex eadem radice, 14-2- pedales, erecti, foliosi. Folia 15-18-lin. longa, 8-lin. lata, reticulato-venosa. Involucrum vix 3-lin. longum. Recep- taculum paleaceum, paleis lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, 21 lin. longis. Corolle violaceæ. Achænia acute 5-angulata, ubique pilosiuscula. Pappus uniserialis, setis scabridis, stramineis, corollam subzequantibus. This species differs from all the others in its alternate leaves, compact corymb, and clustered few-flowered capi- tula. = 4754. (3). Ch. decumbens ; caule herbaceo simplici tereti basi sublignoso decumbente hirsuto folioso ; cæteris subaphyllis glabriusculis, foliis breviter petiolatis obovatis basi cuneatis apice obtusis integerrimis glabriusculis triplinerviis, supe- rioribus paucis subbracteiformibus, capitulis terminalibus solitariis 45-floris, involucri campanulati squamis multise- rialibus imbricatis oblongis obtusis striatis glabris. Has. Dry hills near Morro Velho, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil Fl. in Sept. Herba perennis. Caules plures ex eadem radice semi- pedales pedalesve, basi foliosæ. Folia 6-9-lin. longa, 3-5-lin. lata. Involucrum violaceum, 44 lin. longum. Corolle vio- laceæ, Achænia 5-angulata, ad angulos piloso-hispida. Pap- pus uniserialis, setis scabridis, ad apicem violaceis, cæteris - stramineis. . This is well distinguished rim all. the other species = its small size, simple stems, and solitary capitulæ. Conociinium, DC. 5512. C. affine; basi suffruticosum, ramis teretibus striatis - cano-villosis, foliis oppositis et summis alternis longe petiolatis triangulari-ovatis acutis basi truncatis cordatisve crenatis utrinque piloso-pubescentibus membranaceis tri- FLORA OF BRAZIL, 467 nerviis, corymbis axillaribus terminalibusque oligocephalis, capitulis breviter pedicellatis circiter 35-floris, involucri campanulati squamis biseriatis linearibus acuminatis dorso piloso-pubescentibus, achænio piloso-scabriusculo. Han. Bushy places, near Tijuca, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fl. in Dec. Herba perennis, basi sublignosa. Folia 21-3-poll. longa, 15-18-lin. lata. Involucrum 2-lin. longum. Receptaculum conicum. Pappus albidus. Near C. betoniceforme, DC., from which it differs in its triangular-ovate leaves, which are besides much less cordate at the base, and more coarsely crenated. The capitula are also fewer flowered. CAMPULOCLINIUM, DC. 1048. (1). C. arenarium; caule herbaceo tereti sparse villoso apice oligophyllo, foliis oppositis longe petiolatis ovatis obtusis basi truncatis cordatisve grosse crenato-dentatis ciliatis supra glabriusculis subtus sparse hirsutis, petiolis dense villosis, capitulis corymbosis 3-4 longe pedunculatis erectis 130-floris campanulatis, involucri squamis 3- seriatis subæqualibus lineari-lanceolatis acutis striatis integris extus versus apicem subpilosis, achænio piloso- scabrido. Has. In shady sandy places, near Pernambuco, Brazil. Fl. in June, Annuum, 1-2-pedale, vix ramosum. Folia membranacea Subtriplinervia. Petioli 18-22-lin. longi. Lamina 2-poll. longa, 18-lin. lata, Involucrum late campanulatum, 3-lin. longum. Receptaculum convexum, hemisphæricum, nudum. Corolle Purpuracentes, glabre. Achenium angulatum, ad angulos - pilosum, Pappus 1-serialis, setosus, setis corolla bre- vioribus, anguste linearibus, piloso-scabridis, stramineis. BornsosTrvrnis, DC. 2899 et 4843. B. elegans; caule herbaceo erecto pubescente a MM 2 468 FLORA OF BRAZIL. vel glabriusculo ramoso, foliis oppositis sessilibus anguste lanceolato-linearibus utrinque subattenuatis acutiusculis integerrimis glaberrimis vel pubescentibus coriaceis nitidis reticulatis, panicula subcorymbosa puberula, capitulis pedi- cellatis erectis 30-35-floris, involucri obovati squamis laxe imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis striatis extus villo- sis, exterioribus brevioribus, achænio acute 5-costato piloso- scabrido. Has. Serra da Batalha, district of the Rio Preto, Province of Pernambuco (n. 2899), and in dry Campos near the Rio Claro, Province of Minas Geraes (n. 4843), Brazil. FL. in - June. Herba perennis, bipedalis. Folia 3-4-poll. longa, 3-4-lin. lata. Involucrum 34 lin. longum, squamis 4-serialibus, colo- ratis. Receptaculum planum, nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, ad faucem dilatatæ, glabræ, violaceæ. Stylus basi bulbosis, bulbis glabris. Pappus uniserialis, æqualis, setosus, scaber, albidus. 4844. B. tomentosa; caule herbaceo erecto villoso-tomentoso tereti ad apicem paniculato-ramoso, foliis oppositis sessili- bus obtusis basi longe cuneatis integerrimis coriaceis utrin- que dense villoso-tomentosis penniveniis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum corymbosis in paniculam dispositis pedi- cellatis, erectis 35-floris, involucri obovati squamis lineari- bus acuminatis striatis extus piloso-pubescentibus, ex- terioribus multo brevioribus, achænio 5-costato scabrido. Has. Elevated Campos in the Diamond District, Brazil. cc hm Jub — = . Herba perennis, bipedalis. Folia 2-3-poll. longa, 7-8-lin. lata, coriacea. Involucrum 3-lin. longum, squamis 3-seriatis. Receptaculum planum, nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, glabræ, roseæ. Stylus basi bulbosis, bulbis glabris. Pappus uniseria- lis, equalis, setosus, scaber, albidus. 1734. B. microcephala; caule herbaceo erecto tereti pubes- cente ramoso, foliis oppositis sessilibus oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis distanter dentatis utrinque pubescentibus subcoriaceis penniveniis, panicula subcorymbosa, capitulis FLORA OF BRAZIL, 469 pedicellatis erectis 15-floris, involucri obovati squamis laxe imbricatis oblongo-linearibus obtusis apiculatis striatis - villosiusculis, exterioribus multo minoribus, achenio acute 5-angulato piloso. Has. Serra de Araripe, Province of Ceará, Brazil. Fl. from Oct. to Dec. Herba perennis, 1-2-pedalis. Folia 15-20-lin. longa, 5-8- lin. lata, reticulata. Involucrum 24 lin. longum, squamis 3-seriatis. . Receptaculum planum nudum. Corolle tubu- lose, glabræ, violaceæ. Stylus basi bulbosus, bulbis gla- bris. Pappus uniserialis, æqualis, setosus, scaber, albidus. This is somewhat allied to the preceding species, but well distinguished by its much shorter dentate leaves, and smaller and fewer flowered capitula. By the same characters it is also distinguished from the following species. ——. B. glandulosa; caule herbaceo erecto piloso-tomentoso tereti basi simplici, foliis oppositis sessilibus oblongo- lanceolatis obtusis basi subcuneatis integris vel subdentatis coriaceis utrinque dense piloso-scabridis penniveniis, Panicula laxa subcorymbosa tomentosa, capitulis pedicel- latis erectis 45-50 floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis Sübsquarrosis linearibus acuminatis striatis extus glandu- loso-piloso-pubescentibus, exterioribus brevioribus, achænio 5-angulato piloso-scabrido. Han. Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. : Herba perennis, 2-3-pedalis. Folia 24-3 poll. longa, 9-14- um lin. lata, subtus reticulata. Involucrum 5 lin. longum, squa- mis 3-seriatis. Receptaculum planum, nudum. Corollæ _tubulosæ, glabro, basi valde dilatatæ, violaceæ. Stylus basi _ Pulbosus, bulbis glabris. Pappus 1-serialis, æqualis, setosus, - Saber, albidus. | ts = lhave unfortunately lost the number and exact locahty ‘of this plant, but as it exists among my Minas Geraes Collections, there can be no doubt that it is from that Province, : 4848. p, oblongifolia ; caule herbaceo erecto tereti tomentoso asi simplici, foliis oppositis petiolatis oblongis obtusis SE 470 FLORA OF BRAZIL. basi subcuneatis serrato-dentatis coriaceis supra minute piloso-scabridis subtus velutino-tomentosis subtriplinerviis, panieula laxa subcorymbosa tomentosa, capitulis pedicel- latis erectis circiter 100-floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis linearibus acuminatis striatis extus piloso-pubes- centibus, exterioribus multo-brevioribus, achænio 3-angu- lato scabrido. Has. Dry Campos near Formigas, in the Sertäo of the Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in July. . . Herba perennis, 14-2-pedalis. Folia 3-34-poll. longa, 9- 18-lin. lata. Petioli 6-7}-lin. longi. Involucrum 4j-lin. longum, squamis 4-seriatis. Receptaculum planum, nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, glabræ, pallide purpureæ. Stylus basi bulbosus, bulbis glabris. Pappus 1-serialis, æqualis, setosus, - scaber, stramineus. 4842. B. scandens ; caule suffruticoso subscandente villosius- culo tereti minute striato, foliis oppositis petiolatis ovato- lanceolatis acuminatis basi rotundatis distanter serrato- dentatis glabris triplinerviis reticulatis membranaceis, panicula laxa tomentosa, ramis divaricatis, capitulis paucis pedicellatis 60-floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis, interioribus lineari-lanceolatis acutis striatis glabris, exte- rioribus minoribus ovatis extus pubescentibus ciliatis, . achænio 5-angulato scabriusculo. Has. In woods near Cocaës, Province of Minas Gant . Brazil. Fl. in August. Suffrutex, scandens. Folia 34-4-poll. longa, 12-18-lin. lata. Petioli 6-lin. longi, marginati. Involucrum 5-lin- longum, squamis 3-seriatis, scariosis. ; Receptaculum planu nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, glabræ, pallide purpureæ. Stylus basi bulbosus, bulbis glabris. Pappus uniserialis, æqualis, setosus, scaber, albidus. ; 4842. (1). B. pumila; caule herbaceo erecto tereti striato basi hirsuto folioso, foliis oppositis sessilibus oblongo- lanceolatis vel lanceolatis obtusis basi cuneato-attenuatis supra medium grosse serrato-dentatis utrinque hirsutius- culis ciliatis membranaceis eee piti | FLORA OF BRAZIL. 471 cephala pubescenti-tomentosa, capitulis pedicellatis erectis circiter 45-floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis lineari- bus acuminatis striatis extus piloso-pubescentibus, achænio 5-angulato piloso-scabrido. Has. Serra de Curral D’ El Rey, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. F1. in Sept. Herba perennis, subbipedalis. Folia 24-poll. longa, 6-9- lin. lata, reticulata. Involucrum 6 lin. longum, squamis 3-seriatis, exterioribus brevioribus. Receptaculum subcon- vexum, nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, glabræ, pallide purpurea. Stylus basi bulbosus, bulbis glabris. Pappus uniserialis, æqualis, setosus, scaber, sordidus. À small and very distinct species, The two upper thirds of the stem have only one small pair of leaves about the middle. 4849 et 4853. B. Cassiniana; caule herbaceo erecto tereti glanduloso-pubescenti-tomentoso basi simplici, foliis oppo- sitis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis acutis vel acutiusculis basi rotundatis in petiolum decurrentibus minute glanduloso- serrato-dentatis utrinque pubescentibus membranaceis sub- triplinerviis, panicula laxa subcorymbosa, capitulis longe pedicellatis erectis circiter 25-floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis acutis striatis pubescentibus, exterioribus multo minoribus ovatis acuminatis, achænio 5-angulato glanduloso-piloso scabrido. p Has. Serra da Mendanha, Diamond District, Brazil. Fl.in July. Herba perennis, 3-pedalis. Folia 33-6-poll. longa, 12-24- lin, lata. Petioli cuneato-alati, 6-8-lin. longi. Involucrum - 6-lin. longum, squamis 3-4-seriatis. Receptaculum planum, - nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, glabre. Stylus basi bulbosus, bulbis pilosis. Pappus uniserialis, æqualis, setosus, scaber, albidus. A E Ea. 4845. B. ramosissima; suffruticosa ramosissima tota pubes- cens, ramis teretibus, foliis oppositis longe petiolatis late ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi in petiolum cuneato-attenuatis grosse serrato-dentatis tripli- vel quin- 472 FLORA OF BRAZIL, tupli-nerviis membranaceis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum paucis pedicellatis subcorymbosis in paniculam foliosam dispositis 40-floris, involucri squamis laxe imbricatis lineari- lanceolatis acutis striatis puberulis lacerato-ciliatis scario- sis, exterioribus minoribus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, achænio acute 5-angulato piloso-scabrido. Has. Woods near Cidade do Serro, Province of . Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in August. Suffrutex, diffuse ramosus. Folia 4-8-poll. longa, 13-23 poll.lata. Petioli 1-2-poll. longi, cuneato-alati. Involucrum 5-lin. longum, squamis 3-seriatis. Receptaculum convexum, nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, glabræ. Stylus basi bulbosus, bulbis pilosiusculis. Pappus uniserialis, æqualis, setosus, scaber, albidus. This and the two preceding species agree with Bolbostylis glabra, DC., in habit, but are otherwise very distinct. EvPATORIUM, Tourn. 2900. Eu. (Subimóricata) bracteatum ; fruticosum ramosum velutino-tomentosum, ramis teretibus striatis folis oppo- sitis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis obtusis basi in petiolum cuneato-attenuatis coriaceis grosse serrato-dentatis penni- veniis reticulatis, corymbis terminalibus trichotomo-pani- culatis, pedicellis ad apicem bracteatis, capitulis 5-6-floris, ivolueri squamis 2-3-seriatis laxe imbricatis oblongo- eolatis acuminatis striatis extus tomentosis, exterioribus | brevioribus, achænio ubique piloso. i V Has.: District of the Rio Preto, Provas of Pernambuco, = - Brazil, FL in Sept. Frutex G-pedalis. Folia 2-24-poll. longa, 8- 15-lin. lata. Involucrum 4-lin. longum. Pappus stramineus. This species comes near E. dictyophyllum, DC., but that - T plant has alternate leaves, and narrower involucral scales. = > 2645. Eu. (Subimbricata) Piauhyense ; ; fruticosum glabrum, ramis teretibus striatis, foliis oppositis petiolatis lanceo- — - latis sonne acutis serratis triplinerviis. eleganter reticu- FLORA OF BRAZIL, 473 - latis, paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque polycephalis, capitulis breviter pedicellatis 6-floris, involucri squamis 4- seritis laxe imbricatis oblongis obtusis 3-nerviis ciliatis, exterioribus multo brevioribus ovatis acutis, achænio ad angulos scabriusculo. Has. Near Paranagoa, Province of Piauhy, Brazil Fl. in Sept. . Frutex ramosus, 6-pedalis. Folia 3-34-poll. longa, 6-104- lin.lata, reticulato-venosa, venis utrinque prominulis. Ca- pitula 3-lin. longa. Pappus albidus. Allied to E. pyrifolium, DC., but well distinguished by its lanceolate triplinerved leaves. . 4865. Eu. (Subimbricata) velutinum; arboreum, ramis tereti- bus fulvo-tomentosis, folis oppositis petiolatis oblongo- lanceolatis acuminatis basi acutis integerrimis supra pubes- centibus subtus velutino-tomentosis penniveniis, corymbo amplo conferto polycephalo subdichotome ramoso, capitulis sessilibus oblongis 5-floris, involucri squamis 3-seriatis laxe imbricatis oblongo-linearibus obtusis 3-nerviis ciliatis, exterioribus brevioribus piloso-tomentosis. Has. Woods near Cidade do Serro, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in August. Arbuscula circiter 12-pedalis. Folia 6-poll. longa, 16-lin. lata. Involuerum 4} lin. longum. Pappus sordidus. This is very distinct from any described species. . 4852. (1). Eu. (Subimbricata) compressum ; suffruticosum viscosum glaberrimum, caule tereti striato, foliis oppositis vel interdum superioribus alternis longe petiolatis lanceo- latis utrinque acuminatis nitidis serratis triplinerviis, nervis — utrinque prominulis, corymbo fastigiato composito, ramis ; compressis angulato-striatis, pedicellis brevibus striatis glabris, capitulis oblongis 5-floris, involucri squamis imbri- catis oblongis obtusis striatis. erem AB. Near Marianna, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Oct. : Suffrutex, ramosus, 2.3-pedalis. Folia 4-5-poll longa, ?-lldin. lata, membranacea, subviscoso-nitida. Capitula 474 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 4 lin. longa. Achænia resinoso-punctata, Pappus stra- mineus. Apparently near E. pallescens, DC. 4861 et 4862. Eu. (Subimbricata) pungens ; fruticosum, ramis - teretibus striatis villosis, foliis oppositis petiolatis rhom- boideo-ovatis utrinque obtusis vel acutiusculis crenato- serratis supra pilosis subtus tomentosis triplinerviis, corymbis confertis subpaniculatis, pedunculis tricephalis, capitulis breve pedicellatis cylindricis 25-30-floris, involucri squamis imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis striatis glabris margine ciliolatis, exterioribus ovatis, acheeniis ad angulos subscabridis. Has. Serra das Araras (n. 4861), and between the Rio Claro and San Romäo (n. 4862), Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in June. Frutex ramosus, 3-5-pedalis. Folia 2-21-poll. longa, 1-13- poll. lata. Capitula 43-lin. longa. Pappus rufescens. Number 4861, which is from a greater elevation than the other, has narrower, more acute, and less tomentose leaves. As a species this will range along with E. discolor, DC. 6855. Eu. (Eximbricata) rupestre; herbaceum, caule erecto ramoso glanduloso-pubescenti-viscoso, ramis teretibus striatis, foliis oppositis et summis alternis petiolatis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis apice obtuse attenuatis basi acutis à medio ad apicem serrato-dentatis utrinque pilosiusculis membranaceis trinerviis, corymbis ad apices ramulorum | subtricephalis, capitulis longe pedicellatis 70-75-floris, . involucri campanulati squamis biseriatis subæqualibus be. nearibus acuminatis striatis pilosiusculis, achænio ad apicem piloso-scabrido. |. Has. Stony places Darwan the Rio Claro and San Romão, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in June. Herba perennis 2-pedalis. Folia 18-20-lin. longa, 6-12 lin. lata. Involucrum 24 lin. longum. Pappus albidus. Closely allied to E. innumerosum, DC. 4850, Eu. (Eximbricatum) crenulatum ; ftiticosans, ramis teretibus angulato-striatis pubescenti-velutinis, foliis alter- FLORA OF BRAZIL. 475 nis petiolatis ovatis basi cordatis apice obtusis crenulatis utrinque pubescenti-velutinis triplinerviis reticulato-veno- sis, corymbo terminali 5-6-cephalo conferto, capitulis longe pedicellatis circiter 50-floris, involucri squamis biseriatis æqualibus oblongo-linearibus obtusis striatis extus pu- bescenti-tomentosis, interioribus angustioribus, achænio piloso-scabrido. Has. Elevated rocky places in the Diamond District, Brazil. Fl. in July. Frutex 4-pedalis, ramis foliosis. Folia 6-8-lin. longa, 4-5- lin, lata, subimbricata. Petioli 14-lin. longi. Capitula cam- panulata, 3-lin. longa. Pappus sordide albidus. Near E. myrtilloides, DC. 2419. Eu. (Ezimbricata) conoclinioides ; caule herbaceo erecto tereti angulato-striato puberulo, foliis oppositis et summis alternis internodio multo brevioribus longe petiolatis ovato- oblongis obtusis basi obtusis truncatisve vel subcordatis crenato-dentatis supra minute puberulis subtus velutino- puberulis membranaceis triplinerviis, corymbis axillaribus terminalibusque oligocephalis, capitulis pedicellatis 25- floris, involucri squamis biseriatis linearibus acuminatis Striatis extus piloso-pubescentibus ad apicem villoso- barbatis, achænio acute 5-angulato stipitato ubique pilo- siusculo. Has. Sandy Campos at Cachoeira, Province of Ceará, Brazil. FL in Feb. Herba perennis ?, 2-3-pedalis. Folia 2-2}-poll. longa, 8-10-lin. lata. e 2} lin. longum. Les sut E planum. Pappus stramineus. | This species will range near E. remotifolium, DC. 877. Eu. (Eximbricata) nudum ; herbaceum, caulibus e rini: mate lignoso plurimis erectis subsimplicibus teretibus striatis glabris apice aphyllis, foliis oppositis longe petio- latis ovatis cordatis obtusis serrato-dentatis glabriusculis membranaceis trinerviis reticulatis, petiolis villosiusculis, Capitulis paucis corymbosis longe pedicellatis circiter 476 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 50-floris, involucri campanulati squamis biseriatis æquali- bus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis striatis glabris, achænio piloso scabrido. Has. Dry bushy places near Bahia, Brazil. Fl. in Oct. Herba perennis, pedalis et ultra. Folia cum. petiolo sep- temlineari 15-20-lin. longa, 6-9-lin. lata. Involucrum 13 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens, setis subpaleaceis, barbellatis, corolla brevioribus. Apparently near E. oligocephalum, DC. 4856. Eu. (Eximbricata) lazvum ; caule herbaceo erecto tereti striato pubescente, foliis oppositis petiolatis ovato-lanceo- latis acutis basi obtusis vel breviter cuneatis serratis utrin- que pubescentibus membranaceis trinerviis, corymbis laxe dichotomo-paniculatis, capitulis longe pedicellatis circiter 20-25-floris, involucri squamis biseriatis basi calyculatis oblongo-linearibus obtusis striatis ciliolatis glabriusculis, acheenio pilosiusculo. Has. In bushy places on the banks of the Rio Claro, Pro- vince of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in June. Herba perennis, 2-3-pedalis. Folia 2-poll. longa, 9 lin. lata. Involucrum 24 lin. longum. Pappus albidus. Near E. paniculatum, Schrad., but well distinguished by its very lax inflorescence. ; 773. Eu. (Eximbricata) apiculatum; herbaceum glabrum, . caule erecto tereti striato ramoso, foliis oppositis longe . petiolatis late ovatis acuminatis basi truncatis vel cordatis — grosse serrato-dentatis, dentibus glanduloso-apiculatis c glaberrimis subviscosis — triplinerviis membranaceis. ele — ganter reticulatis minute pellucido-punctatis, corymbis axillaribus terminalibusque fastigiatis pubescentibus, capi- tulis pedicellatis circiter 20-floris, involucri campanulati squamis biseriatis æqualibus lanceolatis acuminatis striatis ciliolatis -extus subviscosis, achænio obtuse 5-angulato —— glabro. Has. On the Morro do Flamengo, near Rio de Jan. | Fl. in August. FLORA OF BRAZIL. 411 Herba perennis, 2-3-pedalis. ' Folia 5-6-poll. longa, 2-poll. lata. Petioli 13-2 poll. longi. Involucrum 2-lin. longum. Pappus stramineus. Achænium nigrum, minute reticula- tum. Allied to E. Organense, Gardn. (n. 5777), but with more membranous and more coarsely dentate leaves, and smaller capitula. 5514. Eu. (Eximbricata) vagum; fruticosum, ramis diffusis teretibus striatis velutino-hirtellis, foliis oppositis petiolatis ovato-oblongis utrinque acutiusculis dentatis supra piloso- scabridis subtus pubescenti-velutinis penniveniis, paniculæ, ramis folio longioribus ultimis corymbosis, capitulis con- fertis hreviter pedicellatis 5-floris, involucri squamis bi- seriatis inæqualibus basi calyculatis lineari-oblongis obtusis striatis ciliatis glabriusculis, achænio glabro. Has. Woods near Tijuca, Province of Rio de Janeiro. Fl. in Dec. Frutex diffusus. Folia 2-24-poll. longa, 10-12-lin. lata. Involucrum 2-lin. longum. Pappus sordidus. This plant agrees with E. sordescens, DC. in its rambling habit, but has penniveined leaves, and a more corymbose disposition of the panicles. It has also much fewer flowers. - 4859. Eu. (Eximbricata) Adamantium ; fruticosum, ramis teretibus striatis velutino-tomentosis, foliis oppositis petio- latis ovato-ellipticis obtusissimis basi subcuneato-acutis integris vel minute serrato-dentatis supra piloso-puberulis . Subtus velutino-tomentosis coriaceis penniveniis, venis . Subtus prominulis, grosse reticulatis, paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque folio longioribus compactis, capitulis longe pedicellatis circiter 19-floris, involucri squamis uniseriatis basi calyculatis linearibus acutis striatis extus piloso-tomen- |. tosis, achænio resinoso-punctato. ud cq . Hap. Serra da Mendanha, Diamond District, Brazil. Fl. in (^ July. | | __ Frutex 6-pedalis. Folia 34-4-poll. longa, 20-24-lin. lata. . Involucrum 3.lin. longum. Pappus sordidus. 478 FLORA OF BRAZIL. This species is also like E. sordescens, DC. in habit, from which its penniveined, broader and obtuse leaves, and fewer flowers distinguish it. 4858. Eu. (Eximbricata) subdentatum ; fruticosum, ramis tere- tibus velutino-tomentosis, foliis oppositis petiolatis oblon- gis obtusis basi acutiusculis distanter et subindistincte serrato-dentatis supra piloso-puberulis subtus velutino- tomentosis penniveniis, paniculis axillaribus . terminali- busque folio brevioribus, capitulis pedicellatis 10-floris, involucri squamis biseriatis subæqualibus linearibus acu- minatis striatis extus piloso-tomentosis, achænio creberrime resinoso-punctato. Has. Serra de Piedade, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Sept. Frutex 3-5-pedalis. Folia 2-poll. longa, 10-lin. lata. In- volucrum 21-lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. Allied to the preceding species, from which it is distin- guished by its much smaller and less obtuse leaves, smaller panicles, and fewer flowers. 1738. Eu. (Eximbricata) leptopodum ; caule herbaceo erecto —— glabriuseulo paniculato-ramoso, foliis oppositis alternisque — petiolatis triangulari-ovatis acuminatis basi truncatis vel subcordatis ad medium serrato-dentatis utrinque puberulis trinerviis membranaceis, paniculis ad apices ramulorum. - laxis, ramis gracilibus, capitulis longe pedicellatis 9-10- . floris, involucri squamis biseriatis subæqualibus basi calycu- latis longe linearibus acutis striatis glabris, achænio ubique Has, Near Villa do Crato, Province of Ceara, Brazil. Fl. in November. * Annua, 2-2}-pedalis. Folia inferiora opposita, superior? - alterna, 10-12-lin. longa, 6-8-lin. lata. Involucrum 34 lin. longum. Pappus albidus. . | 4851. Eu. (Eximbricata) Riedelianum ; suffruticosum erectum glabriusculum, ramis teretibus striatis, foliis oppositis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi acutis crena- to-serrato-dentatis membranaceis supra glabriusculis subtus FLORA OF BRAZIL. 479 pubescentibus triplinerviis, nervis subtus prominulis, pani- eulis axillaribus terminalibusque polycephalis, ramis tomen- tosis, capitulis pedicellatis 5-floris, involucri squamis biseriatis æqualibus elliptico-oblongis obtusis ciliatis extus piloso-tomentosis, achænio pilosiusculo. : Has. Serro do Frio, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in August. Suffrutex 4-6-pedalis. Folia 4-5-poll longa, 9-12-lin. lata. Involucrum vix 14 lin. longum. Pappus stramineus. Mixania, Willd. 4866. M. (Erecte) strobilifera ; suffruticosa erecta glaberrima, caule tereti angulato, foliis ternato-verticillatis sessilibus imbrieatis oblongo-ellipticis utrinque obtusis integerrimis glaberrimis supra nitidis penniveniis reticulatis venis utrin- que prominulis, spicis axillaribus terminalibusque con- fertis, rachis angulatis pubescentibus, capitulis pedicellatis, involueri squamis oblongis acutiusculis striatis glabris, bracteola iis equali et conformi, achænio glabro. Has. Elevated Campos in the Diamond District, Brazil. FL in July. Suffrutex, 4-pedalis, vix ramosus. Folia 15-20-lin. longa, 8-12-lin. lata, coriaceo-membranacea. Involucrum laxum, 43 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. Near M. oblongifolia, DC., from which it is distinguished by its ternate leaves, spicate inflorescence, and glabrous achænia. 4872. M. (Erecte) lanigera; fruticosa erecta ad apicem ramosa lanuginoso-tomentosa, foliis ternato-verticillatis breviter petiolatis internodio longioribus ovato-orbiculatis basi cordatis mucronatis vix dentatis subtriplinerviis utrin- que cinereo-tomentosis, ramis apice conferto-corymbosis basi foliolosis apice floriferis, capitulis pedicellatis confertis, bracteola lineari obtusa tomentosa ad basin pedicelli eo .. subæquali, involucri squamis obovato-oblongis ciliatis mar- Ba gine scariosis dorso puberulis, achænio glabro. 480 FLORA OF BRAZIL. Has. Elevated tracts, Serro do Frio, in the Diamond Dis- trict, Brazil. Fl. in August. Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia 15-18-lin. longa, 12-18-lin. lata, coriacea, pennivenia, venis utrinque prominulis. Involucrum 1i-lin longum. Pappus rufescens. Near the preceding species, but it is more woolly, and the leaves which are smaller, have shorter petioles, are more deeply cordate, and not reticulated. It has also shorter bracteoles, and the involucral scales are obovate, not oblong. : 4871. M. (Erectæ) premnifolia ; fruticosa erecta villoso-tomen- tosa, ramis teretibus striatis; foliis ternato-verticillatis petiolatis late ovatis obtusis basi cordatis subtriplinerviis reticulatis venis utrinque prominulis mucronatis distanter calloso-dentatis supra piloso-scabridis subtus villoso-to- mentosis, paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque parvis in paniculam dispositis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum con- gestis pedicellatis, bracteola lineari obtusa ciliata ad basin pedicelli eo duplo breviore, involucri squamis oblongis - obtusis glabriusculis, achænio glaberrimo. Has. Near the Cidade Diamantina, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in August. 2t Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia 2-24-poll. longa, 15-21-lin. lata. — — . Involucerum 14 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. E 4867. M. (Erecte) reticulata; fruticosa erecta subramosa . glaberrima, ramis teretibus striatis, foliis ternato-verticil- latis vel rariter oppositis breviter petiolatis ovato-rotun- - datis obtusis basi cordatis imbricatis distanter subdenticu- - latis penniveniis reticulatis, venis utrinque prominulis, paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque subcorymbosis in pani- - culam magnam dispositis, capitulis pedicellatis, bracteola lineari-obtusa ad basin pedicelli vix eo æquali, involucri squamis oblongis obtusis, achænio glabro. 0 Has. Elevated rocky tracts in the Diamond District, Brazil. : Fl. in July. | ee Ee Frutex 4-5-pedalis. Folia 12-20-lin. longa, 10-18-lin. lata, FLORA OF BRAZIL. 481 coriaceo-membranacea. ‘Involucrum 2 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. . This comes nearest to M. Nummularia, DC., but is p distinct from it and from any published species. 4868. M. (erectæ) flavescens; fruticosa erecta tota velutino- tomentosa ramosa, ramis teretibus parce striatis, foliis breviter petiolatis rotundatis basi cordatis 3-5-nerviis mi- nute calloso-serrato-dentatis mucronatis non reticulatis, panicula laxa ramis elongatis ramulisque oppositis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum congestis, bracteola minima obtusa, involucri squamis oblongis obtusis dorso aureo-tomentosis, achænio resinoso-glanduloso. Has, Elevated Campos between Mendanha and the Ciu- dade Diamantina, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in July. Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia diam. 6-12 lin. Involucrum 2 lin. circiter longum. Pappus rufescens. Nearly allied to M. Nummularia, DC., differing chiefly by being more tomentose, the leaves not reticulated on the under surface, and the narrower involucral scales. 4869. M. (Erecte) Stambana ; fruticosa erecta parce ramosa, ramis teretibus ferrugineo-tomentoso-hirsutis, foliis ternato- verticillatis breviter petiolatis imbricatis late ovatis obtusis basi subcordatis grosse 3-4 calloso-dentatis utrinque piloso- pubescentibus supra nitidis penniveniis reticulatis venis utrinque prominulis, paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque subcorymbosis in paniculam dispositis tomentosis, capi- tulis breviter pedicellatis, bracteola lineari-spathulata ob- - tusa ad basin pedicelli eo longiore, involucri squamis oblongis obtusis dorso glabriusculis ciliatis, achænio ro. . Haz. In an upland Campo near Itambe, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in August. _ Frutex 3-4 pedalis. Folia 10-12 lin. longa, 8-10 lin. lata, : coriacea, Involucrum 2 lin. longum, squamis margine sca- . Tiosis, Pappus rufescens. Near M. ternifolia, DC., from which it is distinguished by VOL, v, NX o 482 FLORA OF BRAZIL. its leaves, which are not glandularly punctate, its blunt bracteoles, and its obtuse ciliated involucral scales. 4880 et 5517. M. (Spiciformes) deflexa ; fruticosa glabra scan- dens, ramis teretibus striatis fistulosis, foliis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis basi acutis apice obtuse acuminatis inte- gerrimis glaberrimis penniveniis, spicis paniculato-ramosis, ramis oppositis puberulis, capitulis remotiusculis, bracteola lineari-oblonga acuta deflexa invol. triplo breviore, invo- lucri squamis lineari-oblongis acutiusculis glabris ad api- cem ciliolatis, achænio glaberrimo. Has. Margins of woods near Conceiçäo, Province of Minas Geraes (n. 4880) and woods near Rio de Janeiro (n. 5517), Brazil. Fl. Aug. to Oct. Frutex scandens. Folia 3-34 poll. longa, 9-12 lin. lata; vena majora 4, utrinque prominula. Petioli 6 lin. longi. Involucrum 24 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. 4881. M. (Spiciformes) puberula ; fruticosa puberula scandens, ramis angulato-striatis fistulosis, foliis petiolatis ovato- lanceolatis basi rotundatis apice acute acuminatis minute calloso-denticulatis utrinque puberulis subtus minute resino-glandulosis triplinerviis, spicis paniculato-ramosis- simis, capitulis inferioribus breviter pedicellatis, bracteola lineari-oblonga obtusa pilosa invol. multo breviore, invo- lucri squamis linearibus obtusis dorso puberulis, achænio glaberrimo. . Has. Margins of woods near Conceição, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fi. in August. Frutex scandens. Folia 3-34 poll.longa, 9-12 lin. lata, membranacea, grosse reticulata, Petioli 5 lin. longi. Invo- lucrum vix 3 lin, longum. Pappus rufescens. 4881. M. (Spiciformes) puberula; fruticosa puberula scan- dens, ramis angulato-striatis fistulosis, foliis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis basi rotundatis apice acute acuminatis calloso-denticulatis utrinque puberulis subtus minute resi- noso-glandulosis triplinerviis, spicis paniculato-ramosis- simis, capitulis inferioribus breviter pedicellatis, bracteola lineari-oblonga obtusa pilosa invol. multo brevibfes d invo- FLORA OF BRAZIL. 483 lucri squamis linearibus obtusis dorso puberulis, achænio glaberrimo. Has. Margins of woods near Conceição, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Aug. Frutex scandens. Folia 3-34 poll. longa, 9-12 lin. lata, membranacea, grosse reticulata. Petioli 5 lin. longi. Invo- lucrum vix 3 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. | : Allied to the preceding species, but has a more compact inflorescence, and acutely acuminated leaves, which are be- sides puberulous and glandular beneath. 4883. M. (Spiciformes) ramosissima ; fruticosa glabra scan- dens, ramis teretibus angulato-striatis, foliis petiolatis ob- longis basi acutis apice obtusis integerrimis margine revo- lutis triplinerviis utrinque glabris supra nitidis subtus pallidis, spicis paniculato-ramosis, ramis puberulis, capitu- lis approximatis, bracteola minima, involucri squamis lineari-oblongis obtusis dorso vix puberulis, achænio glabro. Haz. Serra da Mendanha, Diamond District, Brazil. Fl. in July. Frutex scandens. Folia 19-15 lin. longa, 4-6 lin. lata, coriacea, Involucrum 14 lin. longum. Pappus sordidus. A very distinct species, readily distinguished from the others of the section by its small leaves. 4857. M. (Ecordate) coarctata ; fruticosa scandens glabrius- cula, ramis teretibus angulato-striatis, ramulis puberulis, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis basi obtusis acuminatis quintuplinerviis margine vix denticulatis supra glabris sub- ; tus creberrime minute resinoso-glandulosis, paniculis axil- laribus terminalibusque parvis in paniculam elongatam dispositis, capitulis subsessilibus, bracteolis parvis ad basin ic pedicelli ovatis obtusis piloso-tomentosis, involucri squamis linearibus obtusis dorso puberulis, achaenio glabro. - Han. Morro Velho, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Sept. | ee Frutex scandens, ramosissima. Folia 2-24 poll. longa, 9-11 lin. lata. Involucrum 1i-lin. longum. Pappus ru- ns, | NN2 484 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 4876 et 4878. M. (Ecordate) Candolleana ; fruticosa volubilis, ramis teretibus striatis rufo-piloso-tomentosis, foliis petio- latis oblongo-lanceolatis basi acutis acuminatis integerrimis basi et infra medium triplinerviis ceterum reticulatis supra glabriusculis subtus piloso-pubescentibus, paniculis ramos terminantibus opposite ramosis, capitulis ad apices ramu- lorum 3-5-congestis pedicellatis, bracteolis late ovatis acutis concavis subvillosis pedicello piloso longioribus, involucri squamis oblongis obtusissimis dorso ad apicem villosis, achænio glabro. Has. Near Itambe (n. 4876), and in woods near Morro Velho (n. 4878), Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Aug. and Sept. Frutex volubilis. Folia 5 poll. longa, 15-18 lin. lata, mem- branacea. Involucrum 2% lin. longum. Pappus sordes- cens. ; Number 4878 is more tomentose than the other. 4879. M. (Ecordate) Martiana; fruticosa scandens, ramis teretibus striatis villoso-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis ovato- lanceolatis acuminatis basi subcordatis margine minute calloso-denticulatis 5-7-nerviis supra piloso-pubescentibus subtus villoso-tomentosis, panieulis axillaribus terminali- busque ramis oppositis villosis, capitulis ad apices ramu- . lorum ternis pedicellatis bracteolatis aut medio sessili ebracteolato, bracteola ampla concava, involucri squa- mis late ovatis obtusis dorso pilosis, achænio glabro. Has. Common in bushy places in the Diamond District, Brazil. Fl.in July. Frutex scandens. Folia 4-5 poll. i" 14 poll. lata. In- volucrum 23 lin. longum. Pappus albidus. This, as a species, ne along with M. conferta; Gardn. 781. M. (cordate) Ildefonsiana ; fruticosa volubilis, ramis teretibus striatis petiolisque fulvo-villoso-tomentosis, folii" longe petiolatis late ovatis breviter acuminatis basi obtusi® vel subcordatis 5-nerviis integerrimis supra adpresse pilo” sis subtus villoso-tomentosis, paniculis terminalibus, rami FLORA OF BRAZIL. 485 oppositis inferioribus axillaribus foliis longitudine, capitulis ad apices ramulorum confertis pedicellatis, bracteolis lan- ceolatis acutis villosis pedicelli duplo longioribus, involucri squamis oblongo-linearibus obtusis dorso ad pies piloso- barbatis, achænio piloso. Has. In woods, by the Aqueduct on the ascent of the Cor- ' covado, Rio de Janeiro. Fl. in July. Folia 6-7 poll. longa, 34 poll. lata. Petioli 14 poll. longi. Involucrum 3 lin. longum. Pappus albidus. Near M. Argyreie, DC., but very distinct. 1048. (1). M. (Ecordate) complanata; fruticosa scandens glabra, ramis teretibus angulato-striatis, foliis petiolatis ellipticis utrinque acutiusculis integerrimis glabris tripli- nerviis subtus pallidis, paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque trichotomis ramis oppositis complanatis puberulis, capitu- lis ad apices ramulorum confertis pedicellatis, bracteola lineari-oblonga obtusa pilosiuscula invol. breviore, invo- lucri squamis oblongo-linearibus obtusis dorso ad apicem puberulis, acheenio glabro. : Has. In woods near Pernambuco. Fl. in May. Folia 2 poll. longa, 1-2 poll. lata, membranacea. Involu- crum 2-34 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. Near M. levis, DC., but easily recognized by its smaller leaves and larger capitulæ. 4890. M. (Ecordate) populifolia ; fruticosa scandens glaber- rima, ramis teretibus striatis, folis longe petiolatis late triangulari-ovatis basi truncatis vel subcordatis breviter acuminatis quintuplinerviis subtus pallidis, paniculis axil- _ laribus terminalibusque, ramis oppositis gracilis compres- sis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum confertis pedicellatis, bracteola oblongo-lanceolata obtusa glabra invol duplo breviore involucri squamis oblongo-linearibus « obtusis dorso ad apicem puberulis, achænio scabrido. Has. In woods at Gongo Soco, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Sept. Folia 4 poll. longa, 21 lata. Petioli 14 poll. longi. Invo- .. lucrum 2 lin. longum. Pappus albidus. 486 FLORA OF BRAZIL. . Near the last species, but differs in the shape of the leaves, the larger and more slender panicles, and whitish, not rufes- cent pappus. 780. M. (Ecordate) nigricans ; fruticosa scandens glaberrima, ramis teretibus striatis fistulosis, foliis petiolatis in sicco nigrescens ovatis basi obtusis apice obtuse acuminatis integris quintuplinerviis glabris utrinque creberrime mu- ricatis concoloribus, paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque in paniculam magnam dispositis, capitulis secus ramulos spicatis subdistantibus, bracteola oblonga acuta invol, sub- breviore, involucri squamis oblongis obtusis ad apicem . ciliolatis, achænio glabro. Has. Climbing on trees upon the Morro do Flamengo, near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fl. in July. : Folia 23-3 poll. longa, 15 lin. lata, membranacea, nervis subtus prominulis. Involucrum 2 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. Near M. panicalata, DC., but abundantly distinct. 4889. M. (Ecordate) stylosa; fruticosa volubilis, ramis tere- tibus striatis rufo-hirsutis, foliis petiolatis ovatis acumi- natis basi obtusis vel subcordatis grosse distanter dentatis quintuplinerviis supra sparse adpresse pilosis subtus tomen- . tosis, paniculis ramulos terminantibus, capitulis ad apices ramulorum congestis pedicellatis, bracteolis linearibus pedicelli longioribus, involucri squamis linearibus obtusis dorso puberulis ciliolatis, achænio glabro. Has. Among bushes on the Serra das Araras, Province of © Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in June. Folia 24 poll. longa, 15-18 lin. lata, subtus flavida. In- volucrum 2 lin. longum. Pappus sordidus. This species will range with M. subcordata, Gardn. : 1344 et 1725. M. (Cordiformes) variabilis ; volubilis, ramis teretibus striatis villoso-pubescentibus foliis longe petio- latis ovato-subtriangularibus acuminatis basi cordatis grosse vel interdum obscure dentatis 3-nerviis utrinque piloso- pubescentibus, paniculis ramulos terminantibus apice FLORA OF BRAZIL, 487 corymboso-umbellatis, umbellis compositis, capitulis pedi- cellatis, bracteolis ad apicem. pedicelli invol. subæqualis lanceolatis acutis, involueri squamis oblongis acutis dorso puberulis ciliatis, achænio resinoso-glanduloso. Has. Piassabisu, Province of Alagoas (n. 1344), and be- tween Ico and Crato, Province of Ceará (n. 1725), Brazil. Fl. April to Sept. Folia 3-5 poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata. —Petioli 1-14 poll. longi. Involucrum 14 lin. longum. Pappus pallide ru- fescens. Allied to M. umbellifera, Gard. In No. 1344, the branches areless villous, the leaves thicker and not so coarsely den- tate, and the flowers smaller than in the other number, but otherwise they are not distinct. 4887. M. cordiformes (Cocaënsis); suffruticosa scandens, ramis angulato-striatis subvillosis, foliis petiolatis ovatis cordatis acuminatis subdentatis 3-nerviis supra glabrius- culis subtus pubescentibus, corymbis ramulos terminanti- bus trichotomis villosis, capitulis longe pedicellatis, brac- teolis ad apicem pedicelli lanceolatis acuminatis invol. paulo brevioribus, involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis acumina- tis dorso pubescentibus, achænio glaberrimo. Haz. Near Cocaes, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in August. Folia 3-poll. circiter longa, 15-18 lin. lata. Petioli subpol- licares, Inyolucrum 44 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. Near M. gonoclada, var. B. ambigua, DC. 4884. M. (Cordiformes) salviefolia ; fruticosa volubilis, ramis . teretibus striatis junioribus villosis, foliis petiolatis ovatis basi cordatis apice subattenuatis obtusis infra medium crenato-dentatis triplinerviis supra puberulis subtus lanu- ginoso-tomentosis, paniculis ramulos terminantibus parvis, capitulis pedicellatis, bracteolis ad apicem pedicelli ovatis acutis ciliatis dorso pubescentibus invol. duplo brevioribus, involueri squamis obovato-oblongis obtusis ad apicem . ciliatis dorso pubescentibus, achænio glabro. 488 FLORA OF BRAZIL. Has. Near San Romäo, on the banks of the Rio San Fran- cisco, Brazil. Fl. in July. à Folia 2-3 poll. longa, 12-15 lin. lata. Petioli 9-12 lin. longi. Involucrum 3 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. Near M. convolvulacea, DC., from which it differs in having narrower leaves, which are besides tomentose on the under surface. The bracteoles and involucral scales are also very unlike. f 4885 et 4886, M. (Cordiformes) divaricata; volubilis, ramis teretibus striatis hirsutis, foliis petiolatis late ovatis cor- datis obtusis vel acutiusculis crenato-dentatis S-neryhs supra piloso-pubescentibus subtus subtomentosis, paniculis parvis compactis longe pedunculatis in paniculam magnam dispositis, capitulis breviter pedicellatis, bracteolis linear!- bus invol. duplo brevioribus, involueri squamis oblongis obtusis dorso puberulis ciliolatis, achænio vix piloso sub- resinoso-glanduloso. Has. Serra das Araras (4885), and near Formigas (4886), Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in June and July. : Folia 2-34 poll. longa, 14-21 lata. Petioli subpollicares, hirsuti. Involucrum 14 lin. circiter longum. Pappus ru- fescens. Near M. microcephala, DC. In number 4886, the flowers are a little smaller, and the achænia more pilose and less glandular than in the other number. : 4875. M. (Cordiformes) sepiaria; fruticosa scandens, ramis teretibus striatis petiolisque fulvo-hirsutis, foliis late ovatis. basi profunde cordatis lobis approximatis apice longe acu- - minatis minute calloso-denticulatis supra sparse adpresse pilosis subtus villoso-strigosis 5-nerviis, paniculis axillari- bus terminalibusque gracilis villosis, capitulis secus ramulos breviter racemosis pedicellatis, bracteola ovato-lanceolata acuta striata glabriuscula longe ciliata paulo infra invol. et eo vix equali, involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis acu- minatis striatis glabris, achænio glabro. Has. Common in hedges and bushy places about Ciudade FLORA OF BRAZIL. - 489 do Serro, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil Fl. in August. Folia 8 poll. longa, 43 poll. lata. — Petioli circiter 2-polli- cares. Involucrum 24 lin. longum. Pappus albidus. Near M. affinis, Gardn. 182. M. (Angulate) maritima ; volubilis, caule tereti striato - glabriusculo, foliis petiolatis basi cordatis in sinu subcunea- tis trinerviis hastato-trilobatis lobis obtusis mucronatis calloso-dentatis supra glabriusculis subtus cinereo-piloso- subtomentosis eleganter reticulatis, corymbis ramulos ter- . minantibus villosiusculis ramulis apice tricephalis, capitulis pedicellatis, bracteola subulata fere ad apicem pedicelli et eo subæquali, involucri squamis oblongis obtusis striatis dorso puberulis, achænio glabro. Has. Among bushes on the Copo Cabana beach, near Rio de Janeiro. Fl. in July. Folia 24-34 poll. longa, 2-24 poll. lata. Petioli subpolli- cares. Involucrum 3lin. longum. Faux corollæ infundibuli- formis. Pappus rufescens. Near M. angularis, H. et Bonp. 4888. M. (Angulatæ) campanulata; volubilis, caule striato pubescente, foliis petiolatis basi cordatis in sinu sub- cuneatis 3-nerviis hastato-subtrilobis lobis obtusis sub- denticulatis supra glabris subtus vix reticulatis puberulis, corymbis ramulos terminantibus in paniculam magnam dispositis pubescentibus, capitulis longe pedicellatis, brac- teola lineari-subulata acuta fere ad apicem pedicelli et eo multo breviore, involucri squamis oblongis obtusis dorso . puberulis, achænio glabro. Has. Near Ciudade do Serro, Province of Minas Geraes. Fl. in August. Folia 4 poll. longa, 2 poll. circiter lata. Petioli 14 poll. longi. Involucrum 24 lin.longum. Faux corollæ late cam- Panulata. Antheræ exsertæ. Pappus rufescens. CAR Near the preceding species, but easily recognizable by its Scarcely reticulated leaves, smaller heads, and the broadly fämpanulate throat of the corolla. 490 FLORA OF BRAZIL. 6047. M. (Angulate) Pernambucensis; fruticosa scandens glabra, ramis acute 6-angulatis striatis, foliis petiolatis basi truncatis aut subcordatis 5-nerviis late hastato-trilobatis, lobis lateralibus parvis obtusis, intermedio multo majore acuminato, utrinque glabris, paniculis axillaribus termi- nalibusque in paniculam magnam dispositis puberulis, capitulis secus ramulos sessilibus spicatis, bracteola lineari acuta invol. dimidio breviore, involucri squamis linearibus acutis glabris ad apicem ciliatis, achænio glabro. Has. Woods near Pernambuco, Brazil. Fl. in June. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 23-3 poll. lata. Petioli 12-15 lin. longi. Involucrum 23 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens. Near M. hederefolia, DC. 4873 et 4874. (Angulate) hispida; fruticosa scandens, ramis teretibus petiolisque hispido-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis cordatis acuminatis late hastato-trilobis, lobis lateralibus parvis, margine revolutis minute calloso-dentatis tripli- - nerviis supra sparse adpresse pilosis subtus villosis reticu- latis, paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque in paniculam magnam dispositis hispido-tomentosis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum congestis breviter pedicellatis, bracteola ovato- rotundata acuta concava ad apicem pedicelli invol. duplo fere breviore, involucri squamis oblongis obtusis dorso pilosis, achænio glaberrimo. Has. In woods at Gongo Soco, Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. Fl. in Sept. Folia 4-6 poll.longa, 21-31 poll. lata, subtus pallida. Pe- tioli 12-15 lin. longi. Involucrum 2 lin. longum. Pappus sordide albidus. This, as a species, will rank with the preceding and with M. hederefolia, DC. The following is a list of the names of those Composite dd belonging to the tribe Eupatoriacee, in my Brazilian collec- tions, which I have ascertained were previously described. 5773. Stevia Organensis, Gardn. 1722. Ooclinium Sideritis, DC. 493. Conoclinium betoniceforme, DC. BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 491 870. 1048. 1341. 1342. 2420. Conoclinium prasiifolium, DC. 5510. Hebeclinium macrophyllum, DC. 487. 1777. Bulbostylis glabra, DC. 486. 2747. Eupatorium Maximiliani, Schrad. 489. 5515. » pallescens, DC. 771. » consanguineum, DC. 1723. 5s adenanthum, DC. 1968. E: conglobatum, DC. 2644. psidüfolium, DC. 4852. ext conyzoides, Vahl. 5511. > paniculatum, Schrad. 5513. leve, DC. 32 779. 5516. Mikania levis, var. angustior, DC. 1724. 2646. 4885. Mikania convolvulacea, DC. 2421. Mikania polystachia, DC. 2901. » officinalis, Mart. 4870. » sessilifolia, DC. 4877. 4882. ,, Buddleifolia, DC. 6048. . » umbellifera, Gardn. Kandy, Ceylon, May 27th, 1846. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. = Journey from Oeiras, through Cachias, to San Luiz, the Capi- tal of Maranháo ; (from the Travels of Dr. Von MARTIUS). . _ The hospitable inhabitants of Oeiras strove to show their kindness by presenting us with such stores of provision, that twice our number of mules would have been requisite to carry away the stock of fresh and salted provisions that was wed upon us. Such is the abundance of cattle in this Country, that a custom prevails of leading a fine ox to the door of the stranger, and there offering him as large or as Small a share of the animal as he will accept. 492 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. The first night was passed at only a league's distance from the city, at a place on the hill called Olho d'Agoa. This hill, traversed by a steep, ill-made road, is said to contain much gold in its sifted sandstone courses of quartz ; the inhabitants, however, have for many years ceased to make any search for it, nor are the numerous gold mines, originally discovered by the first conquerors of this country, any longer wrought. The similarity between the vegetable productions of this dis- trict and those of Minas Geraes, certainly favours the idea that this valuable metal does exist here, though perhaps in very small quantities. On the 12th of May, at Inhuma, seven leagues distant from Oeiras, we crossed the Rio Caninde, here an insignifi- cant stream. In general features, the country much resem- bles what we had seen before reaching Oeiras ; ponds, however, are more frequent in the vallies and together with the Carnaiiva Palm, the Buriti and Uricuri (Mauritea flexuosa, L. and Attalea compta, M.) unite to form extensive forests, which give both a peculiar and majestic character to the landscape. — . Here, too, were sandstone hills, rising in successive terraces; - i their lofty tops flattened into extensive plains, while between these elevations lay wide valleys, whose grey-green vegeta- tion strikingly contrasted with the red colour of the stone. —— It was more and more visible on this track how the elevated = part of Piauhy differs in its Mimosa vegetation from the — lower Piauhy, where the Agreste every where prevails. gu To the left lay the isolated Serra de Mocambao, of which — we made the circuit, passing through many of the declivities — and lower parts of the mountain, where we had to wade E through erystal brooks, and were frequently obliged to make 1 our way with difficulty on the swampy paths, through unex- — - plored and untracked woods. We often saw on the sand- stone many large pieces of very beautiful Fortification Agate. — Not being always able to reach a farm at night, we were obliged to pass the hours of darkness in the open air, and the rain which regularly fell between sunset and midnight, was by no means favourable to the removal of our feverish sy mp- BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 493 toms. On the 15th of May, after climbing the sandstone mountain, the Serra de S. Goncalo, we found ourselves, after descending on the other side, in the little Arayal of the same name, which is a square of low loam cottages, around a de- cayed chapel, the former dwellings of an Indian colony. The grandfather of the present Capitan Major of Oeiras, fifty years ago, waged war against several races of Indians, then resident in the western districts of the province, and who by their frequent attacks had become dangerous neigh- bours to the settlers. Those prisoners, captured in the assault, one thousand five hundred in number, were, accord- ing to the custom of the times, sent altogether away from their native place and settled in villages, called Aldeas. Of the formerly powerful tribe, called the Pamelas, we found .. only a feeble remnant left ; according to the clergyman’s list, _ they are but one hundred and twenty in number, and even . Some of these are not of unmingled descent. Diseases of . various kind, and particularly the small pox, have committed . great ravages among them, and others have long ago returned .. to their original abode. The mournful spectacle of these = Poor few Indians, creeping about, doing nothing, the dirt and confusion which pervade their sorry dwellings, and the want of kindness which they experience at the hands of their Captors, who confide the charge to a set of drunken soldiers ; all these only confirm me in the belief that it is almost impos- Sible to colonize successfully a set of uneducated natives. . The friend of humanity must ever deplore the cruelties and. loss of life which attend these colonization. No race of ians has ever become peaceable subjects until they were, the first instance subdued by force of arms. To effect this Purpose, Bandeiras (or troops under a banner) have been . levied, the State furnishing them with accoutrements and mmunition, and the peasants supplying the needful provi- Slons to prosecute the war for many months. Sometimes whole herds of bullocks were driven to the campaign. The tary seldom prosecute their march with any view of. Coming to an open battle, but rather in such a manner as to * 494 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. surprize the Indians in their remote and scattered dwellings. Should the campaign prove successful, the conquered are obliged to yield to their victors, acknowledge the superiority of the Brazilian Government, and submit to be settled in the different Aldeas, which are generally selected at the greatest possible distance from their own native place, and from the Brazilian residences. Here the Indians are placed under the charge of a Director, appointed for the purpose, who instructs them in agriculture; they must also receive tuition in the Christian Faith from the priest. What fruit can be reaped from such compulsory teaching, either in reli- gion or agriculture? The Brazilians demand from the natives an instant surrender of all their hereditary inclinations, manners and customs, and claim their submission to a law and a faith whereof they know nothing. It follows, of course, that the more resolute and daring among these cap- tives endeavour to escape as quickly as possible from such intolerable restraint; while those who remain among the Brazilians, without associating with them, live like strangers and aliens, and pine away in the most wretched state of moral and physical degradation. It is only a powerful moral im- pulse that can be expected to operate a favourable change in these neglected sons of the forest ; and unhappily it is seldom that either inspector or priest knows how to give such an impulse. The captives, left to themselves, quickly forget their original mode of life, but receiving no instruction in a better — course, they speedily deprive themselves, by idleness and - habits of intoxication, of even the small share of mental - energy which they possessed when roaming free in their — native woods. The disastrous results of the attempts at colonization by Aldeas, prevalent almost throughout Brazil, — naturally suggested the desirableness of another plam - by which the Indians, instead of being kept all together, — are distributed among the Fazendeiros. This latter method — is adopted by the present Governor towards the Pimenteiras, — who, so early as the year 1775, rose in rebellion from time É to time, and attacked the settlers néar the Rio Piauhy. Part : a BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 495 of them were compelled, by Jose Dias Soares, to acknow- ledge the supremacy of the Portugueze Crown, but the . greater number still ramble about in savage independance, and are occasionally captured by the Fazendeiros, who are empowered to make them work as slaves, or to sell them. A similar mode of treatment has been pursued with the Can- nibal Botocudos, who, in the province of Minas Geraes, cruelly attacked the neighbouring settlers, and were in their turn vanquished, and either reduced to slavery or sent to work in the mines. These people are of a warlike disposi- tion and distinguished by their custom of boring the under lip and ears, At Oeiras we saw several Pimenteira prisoners. They were more active and stronger built than the generality of Indians whom we had observed, and showed greater animation in their ccountenances and manner of speech, than belonged to their brethren settled in Aldeas. They were of the tribes Gogues and Acroas, and it was only through the medium of their superintendant, Marcellino— ^ very aged man, who appeared to have some mixture of - the Ethiopian blood in his Indian veins—that we could obtain any communication with them. The Gogues lived (and some still reside,) near the southern parts of the Rio Parnahyba ; and, so late as the year 1765, four hundred of them assembled at an Aldea, nine leagues north of Oeiras. The Acroas again: inhabit a district north of the Gogues, between the Rio das Balsas and the Tocantins; while the Timbiras are a nation. widely diffused in the Sertüo of Maranhão. According to the aged Marcellino’s statement, all these Indians use the bow and arrow for their weapons, often poisoning the latter; and they support themselves by hunting and fishing, being much averse to agriculture. they cross the Rio Tocantius, it is not in. canoes, 9f which they hardly know the use, but on rafts, which a construct of the stems of the Buriti AEA are not Anthr hagi, but employ their prisoners as slaves. According Es E these Indians, God, at s 496 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. the beginning of all things, is said to have constructed a lofty house, rising to Heaven, from whose ruins proceeded all kinds of animals, and the various nations of mankind. Marcellino further asserts, that they have an idea, though very indistinct, of an infinitely exalted Being, on whom they callin times of distress and danger, clasping and up- lifting their hands, and kneeling or throwing themselves along upon the ground. They also admit the existence of an evil spirit, or demon. It was impossible for us to ascertain how far our informant introduced the statements of the Old Testament in these his descriptions. At San Gonçalo d'Amarante, a traveller on foot came up to us, begging leave to make the journey to Cachias under the protection of our caravan. He was a man, as it appeared to us, of pure European extraction, and advanced in years, whose aspect, as he carried his little baggage, and pursued his lonely way in this inhospitable land, struck us as extremely singular. In his mute gestures lay the expression of uncontrollable terror, and our close observa- tion, with combining together the disjointed words thaf dropped, as it were, from his unconscious lips, enabled us, finally, to ascertain that this unhappy being was a citizen of Bahia, who had suffered shipwreck on a voyage to Ma- ranhäo. During this calamity, his wife had been drowned in his sight, and his daughter was carried off by a devouring shark. He had himself lost his way, how he knew not, and wandered from the coast to this place. The horrible catastrophe had so engrossed the poor creature's mind and 4 affected his intellects, that he often woke us at midnight © with his fearful outcries. This mournful companion, whose presence our humanity made us willing to endure, was an appropriate omen of the misery that increasing malady would soon bring upon us. : On the 16th of May, I made a deviation from our route, and struck into the adjoining primitive forest. Here I ob- served a yellow sandstone rock, thickly coated with saline E matter, which proved, on chemical examination, to consist | : BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 497 chiefly of saltpetre; and while I was engaged in pointing out to the Fazendeiro, at Corté, where our bivouac had halted, the important article of commerce which this mate- rial would afford, I felt myself violently attacked with the premonitory symptoms of an acute fever, which soon after- wards deprived me of all consciousness. An emetic was administered, in the vain hope of warding off the malady; . and, by dint of great exertions, I pursued my journey on horseback for two days, passing the Faziendas Buriti and San Pedro, in order to gain Todos los Santos. The dread- ful sensations, violent vomiting, mortal depression, and prostration of strength, compelled me perpetually to alight from my beast, and extend my weary frame on the ground. At the same time, one of our servants being similarly attacked, we had no alternative but to halt at the last named farm. My brain was so much affected that Dr. Spix, who- nursed and attended me with the most sedulous care, was apprehensive that my disease would prove to be a nervous fever ; but the rest which I obtained at Todos los Santos, appeared to give a new turn to the complaint, which, after several days, settled into a confirmed ague, coming on solely in the evening, but always accompanied with distraction of the sensorium, and unusual prostration of strength. With our poor servant, matters went on much worse : he was seized with the most dreadful convulsions, attended with locked-jaw, Taving, frenzy, and apoplexy, and died on the fourth day. To fill up the measure of our sorrows, my faithful friend and companion also fell ill, after bathing in a shallow pool of Water; his body being covered with painful boils, which were acutely inflamed. Under such circumstances, all our efforts were turned to effecting our escape from the damp and . Unwholesome atmosphere of the Palm-woods, and proceed- ing to Cachias with the utmost speed; but as we could not keep ourselves upright in the saddle, we were obliged to "ure negro slaves from the neighbouring farms, who carried US upon mats, slung between poles. It is impossible to escribe the anguish of mind which we suffered, each seeing VOL. v, o 0 498 BOTANICAL INFORMATION: the other's illness, and incapable of doing anything to afford relief, racked with anxiety for the future, and worn with excruciating pains. Thus did we travel onwards, till we reached the Fazenda Sobradinho, on the Rio Parnahyba, (Parnaiba) the largest river between the Rio de St. Fran- cisco, and the Tocantins, and which, in its extensive course, forms the boundary of the provinces of Piauhy and Ma- ranháo. It here rolls its muddy, yellowish waters between thickly bushy and rising shores, to the breadth of about two hundred feet ; and though much contaminated by earth and soil, it yet affords the only drinkable water to those who live near, and who are consequently often seized with ague. Our servants, whom the necessary care of the luggage obliged to pass a night on the banks of the Parnahyba, immediately evinced the baneful effect of its atmosphere. In the numerous farms situated to the south-west, upwards along its banks, and where formerly the sole attention of the proprietor was directed to the rearing of cattle, they now cultivate much cotton. The Parnahyba is rather rapid, but without any waterfalls; downwards from the south-west part of the Province of Piauhy it flows chiefly through a low, swampy country, covered with primitive forests and dense bushes, or with groves of the Carnaiiva and Buriti Palms. The Brazilians only know this river accurately, as far as where the Rio das Balsas joins it, the upper districts being almost entirely uninhabited or only partially occupied by hordes of Nomade Indians, belonging to the tribes of Acroas and — — Gogues. It is navigated upwards by boats ; but downwards, chiefly by Floats and dalsas, constructed of the stems of the — Bariti Palm: its bed is level and the navigation good for vessels of burdens from 3 to 5 cwts. The principal trade consists in skins, leather, salted meat, tobacco and cotton, which is obliged to be carried from the river to the sea, the only sea-port of the Province of Piauhy being the Villa de S. Joa do Parnahyba. Doubtless the trade would be considerably | E greater if there were better access from the ocean. But the river disgorges its waters through six mouths, all rather — BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 499 shallow, varying from two to four fathoms in depth, and often only allowing the passage of Sumacas and other small craft, when the tide is deep and the water high. Here, as at Joazeiro, there is a toll paid for crossing the Parnahyba, which is farmed out by government. The charge for each passenger is but small, and his luggage is put across for nothing. On reaching the north shore, we were in the Province of Maranhäo, and after pursuing our way for about six leagues, we met at the Fazenda Sucuriu, an official per- sonage, the commandant, who commiserating our feeble state, showed us much kindness. His good intentions, however, had like to have proved the death of Dr. Spix, for he recom- mended the use of an ointment, to mitigate the pain caused by his inflamed ulcers, without giving us any correct direc- tions for its application. About noon we left his hospitable roof and proceeded about three leagues further to Perdido, where we were obliged to encamp in the open air, without shelter, and suspend the nets for our hammocks to trees. This had hardly been done, when evening closed in dark and gloomy, and a fearful storm burst forth. The rain quickly penetrated the leaves overhead, and the wind, after extin- guishing our fire, threatened to overturn our slight shelter. I clung fast to my thoroughly soaked bed, too weary to quit it; when near midnight, our French attendant, the only attached and faithful person around us, roused me to fearful consciousness by his exclamations that Dr. Spix was dying. . When I hurried to him in great alarm, I found him cold and pale as death, motionless and seized with dreadful spasms, the ointment had been of almost a poisonous tendency. Immediate aid was doubtless necessary; but how was it to be obtained in this desert place, with the elements. raging all round us with the utmost fury? Necessity, however, is the mother of invention; I sent back some of the negroes to the last Fazendas, to procure what was requisite for ‘Making a bath, and in the meantime, I pounded downa quantity of sulphur that we had brought from _ for the | oo the hard places on his body showing that the application of _ 500 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. purpose of fumigation and destroying insects, and adminis- tered it to the patient, mixed with large doses of tincture of opium. By this remedy and continual friction with warm cloths, we succeeded in restoring animation and consciousness, and when towards morning, I obtained the means of applying warm fomentations, I had the inexpressible satisfaction of witnessing the removal of the spasms and the diminution of the disease on the skin. We were, however, nine leagues distant from Villa de Cachias, and as without proceeding thither, it was impossible to procure aid for the transporta- tion of Dr. Spix, so it was indispensable for me to set off. Nothing indeed was to be done, unless I should myself go there as quickly as possible; so with a heavy heart, I pro- mised to return without delay, and bidding my friend fare- well, I was lifted upon the horse and started on my lonely journey. To my sorrow I found that the agitation and distress of the previous night conspired to increase my feverish symptoms, and the burning rays of a tropical sun proved almost intolerable. At first my course lay through extensive Palm forests, now full of water from the heavy rains, then over several ranges of hills, covered with bushes. I suffered the torments of thirst, like another Tantalus, for I dared not alight from horseback to drink, lest weakness should prevent my mounting again. Evening approached ere I reached Cachias, for riding up a steep hill, I missed the narrow track and roamed among tall tufts of grass till night came on, and there I was wandering and ill in the gloomy wilds! With the despondency that followed my — late sufferings, I gave up any endeavour to regain the track, — and had just determined to lie down under the shelter of a low tree, when I heard the sound of a person whistling; and, exerting my voice to summon him to my side, a negro appeared, swinging a fire-brand and actually on his way through the forest, carrying medicines from Cachias. This happily-found guide accompanied me back to the road, and at last I beheld the lights of the Villa gleaming before Me, — — and alighted at the house of the worthy Senor Luiz “o Oliveira. To him I presented my letters of recommendation, — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 501 but had hardly done so, ere I fell down fainting before him, and did not recover till I found myself in bed in a neatly furnished apartment, with a person who was administering remedies to me, and who addressed me in English. He was a Portuguese physician, who, after studying in Edinburgh, had recently settled at Cachias. Thanks to his kind and skilful care, I quickly revived, and next morning bad the comfort of seeing Dr. Spix arrive in a tolerable state of con- valescence; he was brought by the slaves who had been sent to fetch him. "The kind care of the physician and the new judge, Senor Francisco Gonzales Matins, who had left Bahia after us, coming hither by sea, (in accordance with the custom throughout Brazil, which changes the residence of a judge every three years,) speedily produced an improve- ment in the health, both of Dr. Spix and myself. Cachias is one of the most flourishing towns in the interior of Brazil, and possesses a population, caleulated at 30,000 souls. Its prosperity is mainly due to the company of mer- chants of Maranhäo and Para in the Province of Maranhäo, aided by twenty years’ cultivation of Cotton ; a branch of industry pursued with much spirit, and to the prosecution of which the inhabitants are incited by the many Euro- peans settled among them. Above half the cotton raised in the whole province finds its way through Cachias to the Capital; and during the last few years, the number of bags, shipped from this place, each weighing from five to six arrobas, averages from 25,000 to 30,000, the value of which, at the lowest estimate, amounts to the sum of £1,640,000, or nearly two millions of florins. The cotton of Maranhäo, including the produce of Parnahyba, Rio Grande, Rio do Norte and Ceara, is considered superior to what is grown in any part of the Brazilian Empire, with the exception of Per- nambuco. The latter article is more carefully sorted and cleaned, and its texture is somewhat finer; but the staple is shorter, thus rendering it best adapted to the manufacture of delicate articles, in which durability is not particularly requi- Site. The Maranhäo cotton produces a strong, tough, white 502 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. thread, fit for making stockings and coloured goods; for which reasons it ranks in value next after that of the Sea islands of Georgia and Bourbon; while that from Pernam- buco is equal to the best kinds of Bahia, Cayenne and Surinam cotton, far excelling the West and East Indian, the North American and Levantine produce. While we were here, the export, particularly to Liverpool was uncommonly brisk; and the subsequent dullness which took place in the sales, was very sensibly felt. The Cotton Shrub of Maranhäo belongs to those varieties which produce black seeds, and of which it is not certain whether a specific difference exists between the shrub and the Pernambuco kind (Gossypium vitifolium, Lam.) Perhaps it is G. purpurascens (G. racemosum, Poir.?) The seeds, mostly nine in a cell of the capsule, are covered on the upper sur- face with long wool, whose pure whiteness is not frequently changed to a pale yellowish hue by the constant rains. The proportion of cotton wool to the seeds is particularly large, for while four pounds of Pernambuco seeds produce one pound of pure wool, the same weight is obtained from only three pounds of the seeds of Maranhao cotton. The culture of this valuable shrub (the Cotton plant), ex- tends almost all over the globe. It is pursued, not only throughout tropical countries, but in North America, so far as the 40th degree of latitude, in Sicily, in some districts of Naples and Spain (lat. 41°) and under the same degree of latitude it grows in Asia Minor, Persia, China and Japan. In the southern hemisphere, this valuable plant thrives in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil (according to Aug. de St. Hilaire), as far as the 31° degree of latitude in South America ; while in the continent of Africa, it grows at the Cape of Good Hope, and may be seen extending its = limits over many districts of the Australian Colonies, cons! derably farther from the tropies than the latitude above named. This consideration lends peculiar interest to mode of its culture, and it may therefore not be amiss here — to state some particulars of the growth of the cotton plant in BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 503 Maranhão, and to compare it with the plan pursued in the Province of Pernambuco. Those districts in Maranhäo which are preferred for raising the Cotton-shrub are the low wet grounds, where Adaja Palms (Attalea compta, Martius), prevail. The soil generally consists there of black earth, mixed with fine quartz sand ; and these districts bear the same name as in Pernambuco (Vargenes). The first process is to root up and burn all other trees and bushes; and in the month of January the seed is sown ; five, six, or even twelve seeds being dropped into one hole, from 3 to 4 inches deep ; and the holes at a distance of 5 or 6 feet, generally without any regular order. At Parna- hyba, Pernambuco, and Rio Grande do Norte, where the culture of the Cotton receives peculiar attention, they plant the seeds in holes, set in a regular quincuncial order, and in long furrows, 14 feet apart in wet soil, in the Catingas 8 feet, and on dry sandy soil, but 6 feet from each other. It is necessary to avoid depositing the seeds at too great a depth, When they always rot; for which reason, the plantations in wet districts are surrounded by drains. Frequently the Fazendeiro raises Beans, Maize, or even Mandioicca in the spaces which intervene between the Cotton- shrubs, The seed, which is of very rapid growth, appears above ground in a few days, fourteen at most, and the young Plants make very quick progress. Under favourable circum- . Stances, the Cofton-shrub, if left to itself, continues in perfec- fon from twelve to thirteen, and sometimes even twenty Years, flowering, and (if strong) bearing fruit twice annually; and as those plantations which are situated among close, P» primitive forests, are always later than others in dry - and loftier spots, so the Fazendeiro who cultivates it exten- sively, can employ his negroes in collecting the produce throughout half the year. The crop commences, in the vince of Maranhäo, about ten months after the sowing ; seed is committed to the earth in the period between in July and August. A good deal is often mature 504 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. before that time, and even so soon as five or six months after sowing, but the cultivators do not generally gather it. At Pernambuco, it frequently occurs that the heavy rains abate in May, and then an early harvest of the ripening fruit com- mences, of which the produce is called Safra do Maio ; but is not much esteemed, in consequence of its yellowish colour. That cotton which the shrub yields the first year, is generally considered to be the best. "The strongest shrubs will afford, at the first harvest, 81bs. each of seed, giving 23 lbs, of clean wool ; and the weakest 1 Ib. of seed, (5 oz. of pure cotton). Such is the prolific and certain nature of the cotton crop, as it exists here in tropical regions, that many Fazendeiros never pay any attention whatever to their plantations till the harvest season arrives; or, at most, the slaves are set to pull up the superfluous plants where they spring too thick, and to break off the top or leading shoot. This remissness _ of the Fazendeiro, thus relying solely on the productive bounty of the soil, is sometimes punished by that very cir- cumstance; for the fertility of the ground causes the whole Algodoal (or cotton plantation, to grow so high, and inter- weaves the shrubs with such a dense mass of climbing weeds, that it forms an impenetrable thicket, through which it is impracticable to force one's way to gather the pods. The diligent cultivator, on the contrary, here, as in Pernambuco and Parnahyba, cleans the ground from weeds twice a-year; viz: at the beginning and end of the rainy season. Those weeds which are found most pernicious in the .4/godoals, are the various Convolvulacee, (here called Getirana,) as Ipomea Quamoclit, L. and I. hederacea, R. Br.), the plant termed Erva de San Gaetano (Momordica macropetala, Mart.); Grasses, and other low annuals, (Bucholzia ficoidea, and Polygonoides, Mart., Alternanthera, Achyranthes, R. Br.) &c. By the careful cultivator, in addition to weeding, two other precautions are used in this district, as in the more southerly parts of Brazil, in Surinam, and Cayenne. They consist in breaking off, as before mentioned, the upper central shoot, and after the shrub has borne fruit, in re- — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 505 moving part of the fructiferous branch, which is apt, unless vegetation is particularly powerful, to remain barren and half - dried up. The first process (capaçäo) answers the double purpose of checking the growth at a height o 5 or 6 feet, and inducing the shrub to throw out numerous horizontal branches, by which a greater number of flowers, and these developed at the same time, are produced, than as if the shrub was permitted to produce its central stem ; and also facilitating the operation of gathering the pods or capsules (macana). The removal of those branches which have borne seeds is effected at the commencement of the rainy season, when tlie sap is in circulation and the growth is quickest; and it has the effect of concentrating the vital juices on those portions of the plant which are still to yield fruit. It is seldom that here, except under very favorable circum- stances, a cotton plantation is used longer than three or four years; at the end of which time the stems begin to grow weak, and in order to promote their improvement, the shrubs are cut down close to the root, or only a foot or two feet above it, thus forcing the plant to throw up fresh and bearing branches. This operation, called decolaçao, and practised in all countries where the Perennial Cotton Shrub is cultivated, (as in Natolia, in North America, and Surinam), is not so universally prevalent in the more northern provinces of Brazil, Pernambuco, Parahyla and Rio Grande do Norte, where the grower, favoured by the almost incredible fertility of the land, and the ease with which new cotton plantations may be formed, rather pursues the plan of making fresh Algodoals than seeking to improve the old ones. The country is, gene- _ Tally speaking, so eminently blessed by nature, that not - Seldom the harvest exceeds expectation, and the proprietor | finds a difficulty in gathering it in, and disposing of it. The Pods are collected by negro slaves, each of whom is able to _ Sather between one and two arrobas depuis 29 It must, however, be remembered, that even here the cultivation of cotton has to contend with many disadvantages. VOL. v. PP LI 506 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. An unusually protracted rainy season, or even heavy and continuous night-dews during the dry time, are apt to prevent the flowers from forming into fruit; or the wet forbids the pods from expanding, and decays the cotton inside. Equally with long damp, the bright rays of the sun during rain will occasion the half-ripened pods to drop off; while various diseases, to which the fruit is subject, especially those, tech- nically termed cancer and jaundice, frequently blight the hopes of the cultivator and materially diminish his gains. Both these diseases generally arise from excess of moisture. Birds, caterpillars, grasshoppers, and the bug, infest the plantations from time to time ; and though they are minute enemies, they effect much injury ; while the gathered crop is often in immi- nent danger from that destructive animal, the rat, whose well- known subtlety eludes the Fazendeiro’s precautions. As the kernel of the seed is the object of the rat’s attacks, the best method of securing the pods is to shake a stratum of the kernels, divested of cotton, over the others. The separation of the pure wool from the kernels was for- merly performed by a very simple process, namely two rollers, passing over each other in opposite directions, and set in motion by the hand; but now, the Fazendeiros often use ma- chines, more or less complicated, though constructed on the same principle. In like manner, the packing of the cotton into bags of coarse cotton cloth was formerly done by the negroes, who trode the substance into the moistened and suspended bags, which it required all the efforts of their feet to fill at the rate of one a-day ; whereas presses are now always used for the same purpose. The real intrinsic value of the cotton, when clean and packed, fit for exportation, Was stated to me, by an accurate Portuguese farmer, after deduct- - ing the expense of its production, at 3,300 réis, or rather more than 9 florins. : One evening, during the earlier part of our residence at Cachias, we were attracted to the window by a bellowing noise in the street, where we beheld the singular sight of a BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 507 horde of about fifty Indians, in all the nakedness and wild- ness of their savage nature. These poor creatures are per- mitted occasionally by their masters to come down from the woods, between the Rio Méarim and the Rio das Alpercatas, in order to purchase for themselves, from the inhabitants of the town, different articles of clothing, hatchets, knives, and all kinds of little utensils ; in return for which, they give large cakes of wax, beautiful coloured feathers, and elegantly carved bows and arrows. Similar processions not unfrequently take place, and they are one of the plans adopted by the settlers for the purpose of keeping in good humour these original lords of the soil. On a late occasion, they were so fortunate as to establish a friendly intercourse between the free Indians of the Province Maranhäo and the settlers; prudence requir- ing that the ancient hostile hordes should be pacificated by all practicable measures. Thus, when the Indians whom we saw, came to Cachias, they received liberal presents of flour, brandy, tobacco, and coloured cottons. These natives belong to two allied tribes, the Aponegi-crans and the Macamo-crans, the latter also called Carumés. Their forms were so strong and symmetrical, their step and deportment so very free and active, that we could not but observe the striking difference which exists between them and all the various tribes we had hitherto seen. They were mostly of an European stature, and the countenances of the younger individuals had an open. and not unpleasing expression ; still, the small. eyes, short and widely-spread nose, the hollow and low forehead, beto- kened the type of the South American aborigines, Only the old ones were disfigured by holes in their lower lips and the cleft lobes of their ears. The former orifice was produced and enlarged by inserting shining yellow cylindrical pieces of alabaster or resin, from 14 inches to 3 inches long, and which could be easily removed at pleasure ; while in the slits of the ears, of which the lobes were unnaturally extended to a length of between 2 and 3 inches, they wore pieces of wood, reaching nearly to the shoulder. The prevailing hue of those indi- PP 2 508 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. viduals who appeared strong and well-nourished, was a shining bright copper-brown, just the same as we had seen in all Indians when in good health ; for it is only by sickness, poor living, and seclusion from the open air, or mingling with Europeans, that this original hue of the native Americans is ever changed to a paler tinge. There was not a tattooed face among all the individuals present, nor do J think this disfiguring custom prevails among any of the tribes in the Province of Maranhao. But the whole horde having been invited to dance at night, they appeared painted black and red on the upper part of the body, their countenances dis- torted with the wildest bacchanalian frenzy, and their long raven hair hanging loosely about their necks. One of them summoned the rest to the dance by blowing a large cane- trumpet, called a boré, which gave a rattling sound, and was echoed. by the terrific howls of another individual, and finally responded to by the yells of the entire horde, alarming the peaceful town, and startling whole swarms of bats from their slumbers in the roofs of the houses. The irregular bounds and contortions, the martial brandishing of the arms and weapons, with the hideous countenances of this unbridled rabble, accompanied by their discordant, monotonous howl,. and the sound of their rattle-boxes, called maraca, might well convey an idea of Pandemonium. Most of them had . worn short breeches of cotton cloth, which some of them - exchanged, during the dance, for a kind of belt, such as is commonly worn by the Indians of the northern parts of Brazil. The few women who accompanied the party were decently clad, and took no part in the dance; but were occupied in receiving the little pu which were tendered to them by the spectators. The language of the Aponegi-crans and that of the Carumés, which we ascertained by examining individuals from both tribes, appeared the same, abounding in guttural sounds, sharp accents, and accompanied by many and significant contortions of the features. The identity of the two hordes, now "e BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 509 but one tribe, was further proved by the similarity of man- ners and the friendly terms on which they stood with each other; and is eonfirmed by the report of some Brazilian friends, who possess much accurate knowledge of the different Indian nations. Notes on the VEGETATION and general character of the Missourr and OREGON Territories, made during a Botanical Journey in the State of Missouri, and across the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific, during the years 1843 and 1844 ; by CHARLES A. GEYER. (Continued from p. 310, of this Vol.) IIl.—Sub-division: rocky, sandy, or loamy ridges, and river cotes, ranging chiefly along the banks of rivers, from the Skitovo lake to the saline sandy desert at the United Lewis river. With the first appearance of Philadelphus Lewisii? 559, somewhere about the limit of the Salesh-Flathead country, the sides of rivers become more and more bare, until they reach the Columbia, where, for a short distance, vegetation once more assumes its usual vigour, soon to leave the banks un- clothed again, except some low shrubs, for a distance of about 500 miles. A few shrubs and plants follow this igneous formation into almost every recess ; amongst them is the Phi- ladelphus, at first very seldom met with, but becoming more | plentiful, and at last very abundant, downwards. Near the junction of Clark and Columbia rivers, it grows mixed with Rhus glabrum ? and Ribes (399), three shrubs which are seen together throughout the whole sterile region, with their her- baceous attendants, Eriogonum (425), and Heuchera cylindra- cea ? At Fort Colville these plants are mingled with Juniperus Andina, Nutt. (Juniper, 592), a frutescent Pentstemon and P . 582, with which I found the only specimen of Hedyotis 510 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. (460) ; in the valley, Corylus and Sambucus* appear with Clematis (617), Rosa, and Symphoricarpus ; while the sterile places of the valley bear the spring plants ofthe Green Moun- tain region abundantly. Passing over the sandy woods and grassy plains, we come to the upper Koos-Kooskee, on whose trap-bound sides we notice again the former leading plants, along with many others. Here reappears, for the first time, the Celtis, since we saw it on the south fork of Platte; it is probably Celtis crassifolia, Pursh, and forms low, scrubby trees; the berries are gathered by the Indians for food. The shrubby Acer and Hawthorn compose with Rhus and Ribes, thickets, which harbor another species of Rhus (560.) Another Ribes (393) grows here, 15 feet high, with trunks 4 inches in diameter. Looking from the crested côte over the herbose plains, with the parrot-coloured Castilleias and large-flowering Phlox, we see a great contrast, as compared with the arid rocky ridge along the river and below in the valley. Blue, purple, and orange alternate or appear mixed confusedly together, each colour, however, prevailing one after.the other. First, Brodiea grandiflora, then Clarkia pulchella, and last Collomia elegans. To this general character may be added tbe more or less showy hues of the following plants, growing in or around the sides of the valley : Eriogo- mum, (425) with white, straw, and sulphur-yellow flowers ; Eriogonum (396) showing afar its cream-white flowers in dense masses, accompanied by the former species; and the same hues are observable if one looks upwards from the valley to the precipices, where these Eriogona form elegant garlands on the narrow parapets. Mimulus (347), I found adorning à * This species of Sambucus is very common in Lower Oregon, and is par- ticularly characterized by its compressed annual shoots and 1 berries. The latter have a far more agreeable taste than our elderberries, and I used to eat them raw daily, by handfuls, without any unpleasant effects. I have succeeded in raising several plants of this fine tree, 8° that it will not be lost to the gardens, where I consider it may prove a great acquisition. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 511 rivulet on the high côte. Blepharipappus ? (346), Bartonia (663), Biscutella (343), and Hydrophyllum ? (613), grow scat- tered amongst Allium (226), Euphorbia (345 and 509), Astra- galus (378). Composita (552), again clothed the precipices on the sunny sides, showing myriads of golden flowers out of _ its silvery-white foliage. At the foot of the côtes, in the valley, on sunny open belts, is the habitat of Swertia (352), Erigeron (392), and Stenactis speciosa, the Calycadanie, Lu- pinus (390), with racemes more than a foot long, and the showy Pentstemon (362), from 2 to 6 feet high. The steep lower parts of the côtes bear Mahonia, Amelanchier, a pur- ple variety of Peucedanum (328), Sedum (373 and 504); and diverse transient Boraginee abound, as the orange- coloured Rochelia (339 and 344, 348, 349). In a hot, sunny, stony plain, near the river, I saw the beautiful Phlox (340), with Labiata (468), Caryophyllea (466), Cyperus (510), Pancium (495), Ferula? (410), Anthemidea (350), Scutellaria 381, and Nasturtium (383). The thickets are composed of the common Amentacee, Populus, Salix, and Alnus; the Crategus and Cornus, the large Ribes, Roses, and Rhamnus, with Rhus, cover densely a narrow valley close to the Koos-Kooskee. This thicket is interwoven with Clematis, | Vicia (338), and abounds with flowers. Here, in the moist recesses, grow the tall Sida (410), Hydrophyllum (401), Ranun- culus (400), Turritis ? (353), Scrophularia (539), Osmorrhiza (367); and around the same, on the springy meadows, were collected Compos. (473), Geum (251), the Gramineae, etc. (490, 497, 493, 494), Geum (251), and Geranium (402) in the bor- ders of dry woods. Mimulus (474) I found in a muddy border of the rivulet. Subalpine ravines harbor Saxifraga (363 and 966), Collin- sia (354), Sazifraga (566), and Crucifere (564 and 565) ; the Dodecatheon and common spring flowers are likewise seen here. : The weeds in the fields are Digitaria sanguinolenta and . filiformis, introduced from the Mississippi valley : Erodium cicutarium and Anthemidea (386), brought probably from 512 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. California; Danthonia spicata, Hordeum pusillum in waste places, with Panicum capillare. Erigeron Canadense does not thrive here, but Camelina saliva is rank in the wheat-fields. Bromus (244), though of a somewhat strange aspect, seems to be introduced also ; the same may be said of Verbena hastata and bracteosa, with Gnaphalium uliginosum. There is not so much variety in the côtes and ridges of the Spokan country. The characteristic plants and shrubs grow there, at well as Clarkia and Collomia, mixed with ` species of Hosackia (553), Pyrrocoma (588), the finely- branched and small-flowering Epilobia abundantly, but espe- cially Cynanchum (449), Asclepias (235), Onosmodium (413), Cantua (435), and Poterium (467). Kelera (537) occurs also. The foregoing grow more on exposed situations; close to the river is the habitat of the splendid Bartonia levicaulis,* * When I went for this Bartonia, I had a most singular adventure with rattlesnakes. I resolved to camp for the coming Sunday on a narrow enclosed prairie, between the sandy woods, the mountain, and the Spokan river, close to a rapid. After dismounting, I went to the river to drink, and found, on a small gravelly plain at the water’s edge, some granite boulders lying scattered about, the whole spun over by Marsilea. En- gaged in examining it, I was attacked by a large rattlesnake, which I despatched instantly, and thought no more of the circumstance, especially as some Indians came passing by, from whom I purchased an excellent | dried salmon. As I had not had much to eat for the past week, I pre a good supper of salmon, which I roasted on sticks by the fire. Mean while, I went to hobble my animals, and being alone, was engaged till dark. While taking my supper, I heard a noise; a mule, which I had. tied up for the night, became exceedingly uneasy ; but I did not leave my meal. After having done, I took up my tin cup to go to drink at the river, the moon shining bright. The noise seemed close to me, resem- bling the sound produced by dragging sticks over hard ground at à distance. As soon as I had traversed the small grassy prairie and stood at the bank, but 3 or 4 feet above the gravelly, stony water's edge Le my astonishment, beheld countless numbers of rattlesnakes, dashi whirling on the gravelly space below. The moon shone clear, and I could distinctly see that they were crawling under and above each other, especially near the rounded granite boulders, which lay here there. Around these they kept rattling incessantly, the greater num — beating their rattles against the stones. The noise was increased by the p BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 513 Diplopappus (141), shrubby Labiate and Composite, the latter lost to the collection by accident. On the coarse, gravelly margin of the riverare masses of Eryngium (583), with Calliopsis Atkinsoniana, Senecio (575), and Marsilea (450), weaving itself rustling of their scaly bodies on the gravel. The stench on the spot was very disgusting. Struck by fear, I retreated to my camp-fire, wrapped myself in my blanket, and watched, fearing these guests should take it in their heads to come to my fire, and find me asleep The noise continued till near ten o'clock, when it gradually but quickly subsided, and I went to sleep. As soon as daylight appeared, I got up, saddled my mule, and looked for my horses, in order to leave that unpleasant camp, but the horses were astray in the mountains, and I returned after a fruitless ride of nearly three hours, being compelled to remain. I now began to examine the spot by the water's edge, and found it deserted, just as quiet as on the afternoon before. The rattlesnake I had killed was lying there only. Not satisfied with that examination, I got a pole, and commenced lifting the large flat stones, thinking the creatures must be under them, but after all my searching, I could not seea single one. That no snake got bitten by another during the exciting dance, seemed to me very evident and remarkable, for it would have, by the length of the rendezvous, remained on the spot dead. : : To tell marvellous tales of snakes and hunting-stories has been so common in America, that every one must be careful to relate a true adventure, lest he excites suspicion at the mere mentioning of what he is going to say, that it will be a hoax. But this custom has long reached the utmost pitch, particularly if we credit M. Violet's adventures, and to add more would be disgusting. A few days after, I had the pleasure of seeing Chief-factor Macdonald at Fort Colville, to whom I was resolved, at all risks, to relate my snake- adventure. He had just returned with the Brigade, up the Columbia, from Fort Vancouver. When I mentioned the fact to him, and expressing doubt of his believing it, Mr. Macdonald moved his chair back, and showed some astonishment, stating, to my surprize, that he had had | Occasion to witness the very same thing at his camp, about Priest's Rapids, on the Columbia, about a day before me. I saw it on the evening of the 22nd of July, 1844. ard Often had I heard of such assemblages of rattlesnakes, on the Upper Missouri, for example; but I always doubted the truth of it, till that evening. Possibly these reptiles congregate, before moving to their Winter-quarters, under ground; but that would have been rather early, for I saw rattlesnakes above ground, fully six weeks afterwards. The rocky banks of the rivers of Oregon are full of these reptiles. 514 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. over the moist sunny surface. Cyperoidea (455), with Gratiola Missurica, conclude this group. Near the Bartonia, but close to the water, I found the two Composite (452 and 453), forming large bushes ; the former with fragrant foliage. In small exsiccated ponds, surrounded by Spirea Dou- glassii, Alnus and Rhamnus, I found Polemonium (530), with Aster (587 and 633), Ranunculus (580), Delphinium (420), Carex (573), and the surface covered with Portulaca? (531), almost decayed when I found it ; adjoining are loamy plains, with CArysopsidee, Artemisia (668), Trifolium (678), but espe- cially the elegant Erigeron (571); also meads of Collomia, Clarkia, &c. ascend to the mountain-spur, which we will visit to glance at the vegetation in the late summer months. Shrubs of Spirea ariæfolia and 558, grace the bare granite rock below and above, on sunny sides, with PAiladelphus ; Clar kia makes way for Eucharidium (658), though only in this locality (Tshimakain), and on the first pine-clad terrace grows the tall Koelera (527), with Orchis (534). Higher up the naked granite, grow patches of Arbutus Uva ursi, and the lignose suffrutescent Pentstemon (438). The cracks of the rock are filled with mould, and support strips of Calochortus macro- carpus and Avena ? (189). The Pines are generally colossal, and some of them abound with the parasite Arceuthobium (577 » so much as often to bend down the branches. Descending a little sideways from the mountain path, towards rivulets we find Linnea borealis, Pyrole (427 and 428), Viola (602); and here also grows the singular one-flowered, two-leaved, lilia- ceous plant (No. 528), with a long, slender, creeping rhizoma. I did not see the flower, but it was described to me 35 pale yellow. With it, but in deep, shady, dry, places, grows the Composita (523), with Aspidium Filix femina, À kanus, &c. In the dry mountain woods I noticed a species of Score? nera ? (523), with a white, succulent, lactescent, fusiform tube — eaten by the natives, and as good as an asparagus-shoot ; i the tuber renews itself every year, like that of a Dahlia. The d large-headed Troæimon (668), grows with it, and forms fields in BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 515 the lower woods and valleys. Rubus Nutkanus, and Ribes (426), including a tall Streptopus, Thalictrum, and Smilacine, inhabit rocky ground. Arrived at the highest crest of the pla- teau, we find the Vaccinium in fruit, and the low banks of the plains and woods robed in scarlet with the flowers of the pretty Cantua (435), not unlike our Ipomopsis elegans. Its scarlet colour is seen everywhere, if one steps out of the woods, losing itself in the distance, or behind a black-burned pine- trunk, appearing like fire; hence, the Canadian calls this flower, * fleur à feu,” a translation of the Indian well-applied name. When riding through these masses, one discovers very many varieties in colour, from rose and pale pink (like our Epacris) to bright orange and scarlet, even deep blood-red. The white colour is here rarely met with. The many exsiccated rocky basins are now filled with Clin- tomia elegans, Trifolium (472), the white Brodiea (437), the latter, however, in somewhat shady, rocky, loamy places, with Trautvetteria grandis, Nutt., which bears white flow- ers, much resembling the T. palmata in the Mississippi valley. These specimens were likewise lost, with several other more or less rare plants. The recesses where in April the Calypso flourished, now exhibit Chimaphila corymbosa in flower, with Goodyera (595), and higher up, the Pedicularis (434), and groups of Gnapha- lium margaritaceum. On open, though shady, moist places, but very widely scattered, appears now the parasite Pferospora (457) in flower, the whole plant consisting of a scape 1-3 feet high, scaly below, and from the middle ending in a slender raceme, with yellowish-brown flowers, resinous and viscid, like the stem and peduncles. This is a rare plant, but still more rare seems to be the Epiphagus? 445, of which I found only one specimen growing on the roots of an Abies in the same locality. À white Trifolium (659) characterizes the northerly slopes, blooming profusely even under the dense shrubbery of Vacci- nium and Myginda. We will now leave the further details of this chapter, and 516 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. place ourselves again on the Koos-Kooskee, to ascend the westerly côte, in order to examine the I1I.—Sub-region of the level parts of Upper Oregon, and the high cold plains to the extreme left; elevation about 4,000 feet. 3 The Saptona, or Nez Percez, Indians, to whom this terri- - tory belongs, annually resort to these plains, not only to dig their Gamass and farinaceous roots, known by the name of Nez Percez bread-root,? but to graze their immense herds of horses and cattle. The country has several climates, along the Koos-Kooskee and Lewis river it is decidedly temperate; the grass remaining green during winter, and little or no snow lying on the ground. Above, on the highlands, however, frost is felt even in the midst of sum- mer; and during the days (end of June, 1844) which I spent there, we had 2° to 4° Reaum. below freezing point, every night. Nevertheless, vegetation is luxuriant, even the tender / flowers of Cypripedium stand the frosts well, and the pasture is excellent, as the thriving herds belonging to the Indians sufficiently prove. : These tesselated plains are separated by low, snowy, pine- clad mountain ridges, appearing to be spurs of the Blue Mountains, which finally, according to my informant, form à dividing ridge between the desert plains and the tributaries emptying directly into the Columbia, and those of Le river. 'The latter streams traverse the high plains, nearly : parallel with the ridges, and are immersed in defiles, the — almost perpendicular cótes being walled by rudely-torn, “4 pseudo-columnar basalt, and remaining filled with ice for t whole summer months. Following these streams, the banks become steeper, and the basalt more regular, till, at the mouth ; of Salmon river,* it assumes the regular columnar m : throughout. és dpi Co cn * Here, but a few miles from the mouth of Salmon river, rer, the Saptona ‘4 Indians strike their summer camp, for the purposes of digging Gamass mass BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 517 If we ascend the walled terraces of the Koos-Kooskee, we find the rocks covered with Bartonia parviflora, Calycadenie, and bread-root, and to get salmon, as well as to graze their herds of horses, numbering twenty-five thousand, and their cattle, of which they already possess considerable numbers. They leave these high, cold regions again at the approach of the winter, and retire with their herds to the temperate valleys, somewhat after the manner of the Swiss herdsmen. The Gamass and bread-root digging is nearly finished when the first salmon is caught, and when the buffalo-hunters of the tribe set out for their distant hunting-grounds, on the waters of the Yellow-stone river, on the uppermost forks of the Missouri. Other parties equip themselves to meet the American emigrants to Oregon, and offer grain, horses, &c., in return for other necessaries, especially American cattle. A feast is generally given before all these parties separate; races and dancing are their chief pastimes, but the vulgar among them resort to ruinous gambling. The Saptonas, or Nez Percez Indians, unlike their north-eastern neigh- bours, with whom they come in close connexion, lead generally an active, prudent life, under the surveillanee of an American Missionary, belonging to the American Board of Foreign Missions, the Rev. Mr. Spalding, who resides at Lapwai, on the Koos-Kooskee. The Saptonas are the only north- erly tribe of Indians, to my knowledge, with whom the missionaries have 80 far succeeded as to render, in eight years' tuition only, the greater part of the tribe independent of hunting, by cultivating the soil, and rearing cattle and sheep. Scrupulously do they (the Saptonas) attend to their fields, and one may see them, at two o'clock in the morning, at work, that they may be able to go to school in the afternoon. The greater number read and write their own language well, and every one was eager to show me his hymn-book, copied by himself, nieely penned, and very clean. The women of this tribe distinguish themselves from their neighbours by cleanliness and rich dresses. I found several of them engaged in carpet- weaving and dyeing wool, under the superintendance of Mrs. Spalding. Mr. S. is by far the most successful Indian missionary deputed by the American Board of Foreign Missons. Undaunted by the haughtiness of his pupils, he overcomes all obstacles. He boldly left off the absurd eustom of teaching the Indian to pray, before endeavouring to fill his hungry stomach ; but persevered in making the poor creature understand that he must acquire property, to become independent of hunt- ing, and that that property must be realized by rearing domestic animals and tilling the land. In the fall of 1844, several Indian families had raised that season two hundred bushels of fine wheat, from two to four hundred 518 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Lygodesma, and Polygonum (335), growing round groups of Peucedanum; Composita (361) and Trorimon (446), (but one plant in bloom), appearing abundant on the grassy border of the first terrace. On the plains near Peloose river, appears another species of the noble Calochortus, of which I could get no specimens, and only saw the large-winged fruit (C. pterocarpus of my Journal). Here also, and in fact almost throughout Upper Oregon, on grassy, moist slopes and in shady meadows, grows the Umbellifera, Helosciadium? 576,* the tubers of which are one of the dainty dishes of the bushels of peas, and the same quantity of potatoes. Considering that such families own from one to three or four thousand horses, and twenty to thirty head of cattle, one may imagine that they are very rich, for the value of such property increases considerably by the present influx of emigrants. A grist-mill has been erected by Mr. S., on the mission premises, where the Indians get their corn ground; attached to it is à saw-mill, to cut timber for building houses; some of the chiefs were already at it, eager to exchange the tent for the house. By responding to the efforts of Mr. Spalding, and amassing property, it is unavor that the whole nation imbibes a degree of avarice, of which I justly - accuse the Saptonas. Far from feeling grateful to the Mission and to their excellent teacher, they demand every thing gratuitously, and tor- ment their instructor by that insolent haughtiness so peculiar to them. Mr. S., however, does not swerve an inch from his original plan, and operates now and then on their ambition, slowly but effectually. The American Board of Foreign Missions has committed an error in not aiding Mr. Spalding, or giving and entrusting to his hands the surveil- lance of all the Missions of that Board in Oregon. They leave him 10 struggle alone, and consequently the credit and praise belong solely to him. The scientific reader will pardon this digression from my subject, for I have longed to do justice to Mr. S. and took advantage of this occasion. ‘Those who have travelled in North America, and Indian Missions, will be, as I am, aware of their fruitless efforts tO civilize the Indians, and of the immense sums squandered liberally by the 3 American citizens for that laudable object. Here was the only place — where I found the result propitious, beyond my expectation, and to that rare case known to philanthropists, is the sole excuse I can offer for this deviation. = : 2 * This is probably Helosciadium Californicum, Dougl., an inconspicuous Umbellifera, perennial, with a black tuberous root, By boiling the tubers, BOTANICAL INFORMATIOX. 519 Saptonas, and truly a delicious root. Ascending another height, I found a group of Pentstemon bushes, No. 478, 2-3 ft. high, with above a hundred stalks, springing from a ligneous, thick rhizoma, each bearing a raceme of large pink-rose flowers. Still higher up, and almost on the plateau, appears another species of Espeletia (419), very abundant, and in place of Esp, helianthoides. The root of this species is less resinous _ than that of the others, and was formerly dug by the Indians . andeaten. Above, on the pine-groved plateau, grow masses - of Galium septentrionale and a species of Asperula, filling the small enclosed prairies. In the grassy pine-groves I found the Viola (407), and later again, in open moist prairies, Œnothera (496), Epilob. (518), and Rumex (488). On the brink of a mountain rivulet, fringed with colossal Pines, Poplar, and Willows, 1 gathered Ribes (507), a shrub about 6 feet high, with erect flowering racemes, smelling like Prunus Padus. I never met with it before nor afterwards, but was told by the . Indians that it bears a brownish-red berry, of very agreeable . taste. Many of the common plants of the Green Mountain ` defiles grow here, as Epilobium latifol. (229), and E. colora- tum, Carices, Mimulus, &c. Hus The lower slope of the snowy pine-clad ridges teems with flowers of every hue; the pretty Castilleias, Phlox, Pentste- mon, Swertia, and most of those mentioned in the Green Mountain excursion ; besides several rare ones, in the collec- tion. Amongst them is the elegant Cypripedium, very showy and abundant, growing in tufts, 1-3-flowered, of a like potatoes, they burst open lengthwise, showing a snowy-white, fari- naceous substance, which has a sweet, cream-like taste, and somewhat of - the aroma of young parsley leaves. This plant, it seems to me, would be àn excellent acquisition to our kitchen-gardens; for the purpose of intro- ducing it, I gathered a great quantity of seeds, which are now in possession Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co., at Exeter, and who may pos- sibly have raised plants. It holds in Oregon exactly that place which the wild carrot does with us ; and 1 feel sure that the tubers would simi- larly increase in size by cultivation. 520 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. ‘delicious fragrance, with a large white lip, streaked with yellow and purple. I found afterwards a single tuft of it, on a grassy mountain, near Spokan river. Other plants growing with it are Gymnandra (421), Pedicularis (422), Lupinus (423), Peucedanum (517), Pentst. (418), Thaspium ?- (414), Erigeron (502), Fragaria (612). The shady recesses of the woods abound with Actea (520), 5-6 feet high, with white flowers and purple berries, Pulmonaria (458), Aspidium, (341), Pyrola, Viola, Linnea, &c. Following these rivulets to their source in the plains, we come to a vegetation of Gamass, Veratrum, Carices, Polygonum (405), Aira (342), Ranunculus, and many other plants mentioned before. The moist plains are often stony, and are the habitat of the Ferula (220*) with Espeletia (419), groups of Senecio (484), and Sida (404), Iris Missourensis, Alopecurus geniculatus, 3 mannia, Trichodium, and others of common occurrence. Leaving the main ridge of the Blue Mountains to our extreme left, we descend again, at the junction of the Koos- Kooskee and Lewis river, to the valley, which being stony, has a very rugged appearance. It is not so with the valleys of the small rivulets; they are generally spacious, fertile; and appropriated to agriculture by the Indians, mostly by means _ * This plant grows also on the Platte river, in stony, moist meadows. lt has an irregular tuber, much like celery, but with a many- ge rhizoma. The leaves and umbels, with all their parts, are upright n . appear as if folded up; only during flowering time these parts spread r a short time. For this reason, the Indians assert that two kinds of bres : root grow together, which are, in fact, one and the same plant. dé roots, when dug, are washed clean, dried, and pounded to fiour. To. bread, which they bake or rather smoke over their tent-fires, they " à an oblong, rectangular form, about 3 feet long, 1 foot wide, and 9^ inches in thickness, leaving a round hole in the middle, to fasten it à the pack-saddle. Such bread keeps nearly six months, if well baked. à is insipid, when it has not acquired a mouldy or smoky taste. It gets * " ‘hard when old, that it must be soaked in water for several hours before - one is able to bite it; yet the Indians, who are accustomed to it from s their childhood, like it much. i " BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 521 of drainage, for it is excessively hot in these valleys, their almost perpendicular basaltic cótes averaging 1,500 feet in height. Thickets of Celtis and Crategus are also filled with Rhus, Ribes, Spirea, and Rose bushes. The same is the case in thé sterile valley of Lewis River, the ground densely covered with Euphorbia, Erodium, or Thlaspi (655), and the discoid Cotula. Lower down appear again the scarlet Sida (S. obliqua, Nutt.), joining the sub-fertile region and sandy desert, as in Missouri territory. Crossing the côte westward, we pass over a region of prairies, deeply furrowed with ravines. On this tract I observed sundry species of Espeletia, which I had not seen before; none, however, either in flower or fruit; their vegetation was over, but I could distinctly trace the form of their leaves* At considerable distances I met with a few Scattered plants of Bartonia levicaulis, in full splendour. Soon we reach the valley of Upper Walla-Walla river, the territory of the haughty Cayuses, the handsomest Indians in Upper Oregon, nearly related to the Saptonas, whose lan- guage they have adopted, and with whom they make com- mon cause in any undertaking. Following the Walla-Walla river, we soon arrive at Waialitpu, the seat of the tribe, with an American Mission Station, a delightful tract, surrounded by the saline sandy desert, the main Blue Mountain ridge visible at the distance. "This saline desert vegetation corres- ponds nearly with that on the east-side, but the soda is here not so copious. Fremontia vermicularis prevails again, higher and more robust, but decidedly the same shrub. Of other saline shrubs I found only Iva axillaris, with the annual Atriplex argentea. But there grew abundantly with Fremontia the Purshia tridentata, which is very large towards the Colum- bia river, where the drift-sand lies very deep. Here, with * The leaves of the different species of Espeletia seem to take the form of some other Composite. Those of E. helianth. resemble Doronicum ; those of E. 395, Silph. terebinthaceum ; of 419, Scolymus ; of the above, virosa and others. | ‘ VOL. v. QQ 522 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. the former, grow Artemisia tridentata, the common frutescent Chrysocoma and Rumex venosus; the latter, as on the sands of Platte-river Valley, binds the sand with its long roots and those of a straggling suffrutescent Psoralea (P. verrucosa, Nutt.) A species of Allionia (651), as on the Platte, occurs also here, but prostrate, with Cleome aurea, from 1 to 4 feet high; Ambrosia acanthocarpa ; and, above all abundant, the annoying Opuntia fragilis. "The muddy willow-groves, near the mouth of the Walla-Walla river, exhibit vestiges of Xan- thium macrocarpon, with Polygonum Persicaria, invested by a Cuscuta, 674, probably Cuscuta polygonorum, (Englm.); and on the desert basaltic plain above, I found the Mamillaria, mentioned in the remark to a former chapter. . I cannot attempt a description of the vegetation of Lower Oregon, owing to my rapid passage from Fort Walla-Walla to Fort Vancouver. The desert plains cease at the foot of the Cascade Mountains, a Blue Mountain spur separating Upper and Lower Oregon. Here the Cupulifere make their first appearance since we left the south fork of Platte river. The country, enclosing the Columbia torrent, is in parts a desolate wilderness, inhospitable even to the savage, whom I nowhere found more docile, and leading a more wretched life. Below this difficult mountain barrier, and about 140 miles from its mouth, the Columbia becomes suddenly placid, much resembling the Mississippi, only wanting the luxuriant forests of deciduous trees, which are rather mossy and poor. The pines, however, with which the country is over-stocked, are of great size, 120 feet being about the average height; some of them measuring 220 feet, and more, with a proportionate diameter of trunk. Many interesting trees and shrubs I noticed on my rapid passage, but constant rain forbade the possibility of collecting specimens, and the reader must remain satisfied M the in- formation which Mr. Douglas has given. I arrived safely at Fort Vancouver with the Brigade of the Hon. Hudson’ s Bay Company, commanded by one of their BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 523 officers, Mr. Dugald Mactavish, who afforded me every facility with great readiness, and on landing, conducted me to the Governor and Chief-factor, J. Mac Laughlin, and J. Douglas, Esqrs. "These gentlemen, with the hos- pitality and disinterestedness evinced by the whole corps of officers of that Hon. Company, invited me to take up my lodgings within the Fort, to prepare for the voyage to England, for which they gave me every assistance, of their own free accord, as well as at the desire of Sir W. D. Stewart, by whom I was liberally patronized throughout my whole journey. The vessel of the Hon. Company, the barque Co- lumbia, Captain A. Duncan, left Fort Vancouver on the 13th of November, 1844, and arrived safely in London, vid Sand- wich Islands and Cape Horn, on the 25th of May, 1845. I would express, in conclusion, my thanks to those friends, from whom I was unfortunately destined to part almost as soon as I had found them. Whether they be in the Mississippi valley, New England or Canada, Oregon, California, or the Sandwich Islands, I shall ever remember their kindness with gratitude. I cannot, however, so sum- mariy express my feelings towards the Commander of the Columbia, and his officers generally. The many days and nights spent in that brave vessel, the constant kindness of Captain Alexander Duncan, his daring and his prudence, which saved the ship during the hurricane we experienced at the Falkland Islands, make his memory dearto me. I yet hear his commanding voice through the howlings of the storm, Which drove the noble bark, all her sails double-reefed, at the rate of twelve knots an hour through the water, her masts : bending like riding-whips. Yet no injury was sustained, but that of being driven out of our way, the danger being averted by his prudent measures. This hurricane took place on the morning of the 13th of March, 1845, a few days after we had rounded Cape Horn, with storm-sails set. Finally, the writer takes leave of the learned and kind Editor of this Periodical, to whom, as well as to Sir Wm. aa2 ^ 594 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Stewart, of Scotland, he offers his hearty thanks for their assistance, and here closes these hasty notes on the Missouri and Oregon territories. CHARLES A. GEYER. Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, March 8, 1846. (The List of Mr. Geyer’s plants will follow.) Notes made during a Continental Tour, in the summer and autumn of 1846, being extracted from letters addressed to the Editor by a botanical friend* Copenhagen, July 2, 1846. I landed at Hamburgh on Friday morning last, and re- mained there four days, enjoying the beauty of the town and its neighbouring gardens, but without seeing much in the way of botany. Dr. Lehmann, in the midst of various other occupations, has found time to finish, or nearly finish, the editing of Plante Preissiane, of which the supplementary part is now printing; and besides him, some younger bota- nists have commenced publishing at Hamburgh, by contri- _ buting to the same work. The most active and promising is M. Sonder, a young man, one of the principal Apothekers, a class much superior to the generality of our apothecaries in point of general information. I had only the opportunity of seeing him for a few minutes ; he appears very zealous, and is now occupied with Port Natal plants, of which he is publish- * Other similar extracts, from former letters of the same distinguished botanist, written during former tours, and published in the Companion to the Botanical Magazine, vol. 11. pp. 74 and 187, and Journal of Botany, p- 103, relate to Germany, France, and the Pyrenees. The present extracts will be found to refer to places much less frequently visited by the tra- velling naturalist.—E». codd Mg A Se BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 525 ing a collection, containing many new things. He is also, I believe, to edit those of Zeyher, who is now at Hamburgh. His herbarium is already very considerable. Besides M. Sonder, Dr. Steetz, a physician, has worked up Preiss's Com- posite ; and Dr. Gottsche is working specially at Hepatice, of which he is said to have a very large collection. There is, moreover, an octavo volume, just published by a Dr. Hübener, under the name of a Flora of the Environs of Hamburgh. The Botanical Garden is under the direction of M. Edward Otto (son of M. Otto, of Berlin), who collected for the Berlin Museum in Cuba and La Guayra. He is endeavouring to restore the garden from the low state into which it had fallen under his predecessor; but unfortunately, most of Preiss’s plants, of which they ought to have so many, were lost before M. Otto came. I slept at Kiel on Tuesday night, and yesterday morning . paid my visit to the Professor of Botany, Dr. Notte, whom I had seen at the Hamburgh Meeting, in 1830. As far as botany is concerned, he is occupied almost exclusively with the Flora of his province, the duchy of Sleswig-Holstein, where he has found a few interesting, almost sub-alpine plants, not, as he believes, previously gathered in the flat parts of the North of Europe ; and has been paying particular attention to natural hybrids, which he has ascertained to exist, and brought into his garden, belonging to Stachys, Potentilla, Rumex, Hypericum, &c., and never, to his knowledge, pro- ducing ripe seeds, either wild or in the garden. July 5th.—The Professor of Botany here, Dr. Schouw, so well known for his labours on geographical botany, has been suffering much, for the last year and a half, from rheumatic fever. I found him up and writing, but he has not been able to do much of late, and it is to be feared that he is by ‘nO means convalescent. The adjunct Professor, Dr. Lieb- mann, who lectures for him, is a very active young man. He returned, between two and three years ago, from Mexico, with a collection of plants, which he estimates at ten thousand Species, including mosses and lichens of which he has a great 526 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. many. I was to have spent the morning yesterday, in looking over portions of it, but he was suddenly taken ill, and unable toleave his bed. "The two previous days he showed us over the gardens and natural history collections. In the Botanic Garden a new stove has been built, where are a great many of the plants he brought from Mexico, especially an extensive collection of Cycadee, including several new species. Dr Vahl, the son of the celebrated botanist, is now here, librarian of the Botanic Garden, having the charge of an extensive library of old botanical works, and a considerable herbarium, including that of his father. I have looked over the Mimosas, and found authentic specimens of most of his species, as well as of Thonning's, published by Schumacker. Amongst these, Mimosa adiantifolia is a Zygia, apparently distinct from either of those I previously knew. M. adstringens is an Acacia, of the series of Gummifere. M. pentagona, an Acacia, near the American A. paniculata ; and M. Guineensis is Calliandra Portoricensis, which is probably cultivated there, as in several other parts of Africa and the Mediterranean region, for ornament. It is a great pity that the great mass of matter, (about thirty folio volumes), ready for his Enumeration, which Vahl left at his premature death, was never published. His descriptions are amongst the most accurate I know amongst descriptions of species, so much better than descriptions of individuals, which botanists, accurate in minutise, are so apt to give us. The present Dr. Vahl lived many years in Green- land, and was with the French expedition to Spitzbergen. July 7th.—Dr. Liebmann being better, I was able, before starting, to glance at one or two of his bundles. For Tere- binthaceæ and other trees with very large pinnate leaves that cannot be divided, he has some paper of very large dimensions; but in general, his specimens appear to be well selected, of a moderate size, with that attention to flower and fruit, when practicable, which might be expected from one who isa botanist, not a mere collector. In the few bundles I looked over, (as yet unsorted), I saw many species unknown to me, amongst them a beautiful shrub, apparently belonging BOTANICAL INFORMATION. #27 to the Caprifoliaceæ, which Booth, of Flottbeck, has flowered lately from Liebmann's seeds, and sent to Dr. Lindley; who will, I suppose, figure it in the Register, if, as it appears to me, it be quite new. Dr. Liebmann’s collection of Ferns, Grasses, Mosses, and other Cryptogamia, he says, is very extensive; I only regret I have not had time even to look at them. Besides dried specimens, he has brought many in spirits of wine, and drawings made on the spot, of Orchidee and other interesting plants ; for example, an orchideous genus with one perfect stamen, like those of Scifaminee ; a new Thonningia, of which he has very detailed drawings of the male and female flowering plant, and of the fruit, a fleshy mass with naked seeds; a new genus allied to Cytinus, para- sitic on the roots of the Bamboo, &c. If this collection realy proves, when sorted and arranged, to be nearly so extensive as it is estimated at, it is certainly by far the finest collection ever brought from Mexico. Dr. Liebmann is not able yet to do much towards the publication of these plants; his lectures (two every day for four or five days in the week, an herborization on the Saturday, and more or less of lectures nearly all the year round), take up the greater part of his time. He has, however, got ready his Palms in the form of a Supplement to Martius, and had Worked up his Orchidee, when he saw Richard's Enumeration announced in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, and is waiting to publish till Richard’s work is out. July 9th.—I send this off from Góttenburg, where we landed yesterday evening at eight, instead of the morning at seven, as we should have done had we had the perfect calm of the two days before, and enjoyed the beauties of the coast instead of beating up against a north-west gale for twenty-six hours in the “wilde Kattegat," as it is called in the * Rose of Tistelón," which we have just been reading. — Stockholm, July 23, 1846. During three days that we remained at Góttenburg, I had no opportunity of seeing anything botanical, there being 528 BOTANICAL INFORMATION, neither University nor Botanical Garden, nor could I then hear of any botanist there ; but I have since been informed that Mr. Areschoug, Lecturer at the High School of Góttenburg, is a most zealous investigator of 4/ge, of which he has a con- siderable collection. I came here by the canal, which gave me several opportunities, whilst the steamer was passing through locks, of gathering some of the few plants common in Sweden, but either scarce or unknown with us. arrived at Stock- holm last Thursday, and early the next morning went on to Upsala. There I was fortunate enough to find both Pro- fessor Wahlenberg, who has the care of the Museum of Na- tural History and Botanic Garden, and Professor Fries, at home, Both received me with every civility and attention, and I spent as much time with one or the other as my short stay would admit of my devoting to botany. The Museum was founded after the younger Linnæus’ death, when the loss to the country of Linnæus’s herbarium, made the Govern- ment feel the want of a public establishment for the reception of national collections. 'The herbarium, placed in two spa- cious and well-lighted rooms, consists chiefly of Thunberg’s herbarium, Afzelius’ African herbarium, and Wahlenberg's private herbarium. Of these, Thunberg’s is by far the most valuable; it is glued down on white paper, after the model of our English collections, but on smaller paper than the Bank- sian and yours; the species, in like manner, gathered in generic covers; the genera have been arranged by Wahlen- berg, according to Sprengel. Besides the plants collected by Thunberg himself at the Cape, Japan, Ceylon, and in North Europe, it contains a considerable number of authentic speci- mens, from Swartz, Lamarck, and other botanists of his day- I looked through the Leguminose and a few others, with the intention of noting down the modern genera to which they should be referred, but I soon found that the ascertaining the identity of the specimens described in his Flora Capensis, would be a work of much more labour and time than I could bestow. His plants are indeed all named ; but in many cases he had discovered the mistakes he had made, erased his BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 529 original names so as to render them quite illegible, and sub- stituted others; so that unless some botanist of correct judgment, and well acquainted with Cape plants, were to come and bestow some months on going through his her- barium, the puzzles of the Flora Capensis must remain un- cleared. The specimens are generally small, but with a few exceptions tolerably satisfactory and well preserved. Afzelius' Sierra Leone collection is a very fine one; one set is glued down, after the pattern of Thunberg’s, and the remainder, often many duplicates, are loose in sheets of a larger size. The specimens are generally good, and many of them accom- panied by fruits in a separate collection, but with references to the specimens. The living collection in the Botanical Garden, though not kept in such good order as could be wished, is tolerably rich. The Russian species received through the Petersburg gar- den, flourish well here; other exotics are such as could be obtained through Booth, of Flottbeck, and some interesting plants are the descendants of those cultivated by Linnæus, and thus constitute the only authentic specimens of such as did not dry for his herbarium. We went with Professor Fries to see the house in which Linnæus lived, and the garden where he cultivated his * Hort. Upsal.” plants, now no longer belonging to the family; but in which the buildings used by is great father of modern botany as greenhouses and lecture- room still exist, and a poplar-tree, known to be planted by his own hands, is shown with great reverence. Proud thongh we may bein England of possessing his collections, it is impos- sible to be at Upsala, where so much is associated with his name, to see the respect paid to his memory, and the value attached to the few manuscripts or other remembrances of him which they have been able to amass, without feeling that this is the place where his library and herbarium ought to be, and that if they had been here the botanical world would long since have known what information can or cannot be derived from the specimens preserved, and as a tribute to his extra- inary genius, such of his manuscripts as are really interest- 530 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. ing or curious (and they are not a few), would have been given to the public, instead of lying unknown in the attics of our Linnæan Society. Professor Fries is devoting himself, with his usual zeal, to the investigation of the Scandinavian Flora (that of the Scan- dinavian Peninsula from Petersburg to the North Sea), and has been specially studying Hieracium, Salix, and Carex. The general result of his observations has lately appeared under the title of * Summa Plantarum Scandinavie’ being ‘an Enumeration of the Flora of the country, with geographical indications of each species and detailed characters for such as are not in Koch’s Synopsis, or are differently characterized by Fries. It appears to be a useful work, more especially as a kind of resumé of the conclusions drawn by Fries from a long and careful study of many difficult species. Returning here on Monday evening, my first care was to find out the botanists. Professor Wikstróm, who has the care of the herbarium of the Academy of Sciences, devoted himself to us with the greatest politeness, and did the honours of the Horticultural and Agricultural establishments as well as of the parks attached to the royal palaces, &c., in the neighbourhood of this town. He is chiefly occupied with the arrangement and determination of the herbarium of the Academy. This consists of Swartz’s West Indian collection, and of a general herbarium of a mixed nature, containing some good things from French and English botanists, Swarts’s contemporaries, and some modern collections of Swedish tra- vellers, chiefly West Indian and Brazilian, with a number of Macalisberg (South African) plants from a brother of Profes- sor Wahlberg. Swartz’s specimens are good and satisfac- tory, and looking through the Mimosee of the general — barium, it appeared to me a very fair collection, though far inferior in extent to the principal herbaria of England, France and Germany. Professor Wikström is most anxious tO increase it, and spares no labour in making up parcels " exchange, but the Academy is unable to allow sufficient funds for the purchase of specimens; and whether from the diffi- 4 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 531 culty of communication or the want of time on the part of the generality of botanists for keeping up distant correspon- dence, he has experienced much disappointment in not receiv- ing the expected acknowledgment from those to whom he has sent specimens. I much regretted not having the opportunity of making acquaintance with Professor Wahlberg, who is absent on an excursion into Scania. The younger Agardh, now devoted to Alga, resides at Lund, which did not come within our tour. Besides these individuals, I understand that Professor Blytt, in Christiana, has a good herbarium, and has well investi- gated the Norwegian Flora; and Dr. Hartmann, a medical man at Gevle (to the north of Upsala), has published an octavo Flora of Scandinavia, in the Swedish language, and a Com- pendium of the same, under the title of * Excursions Flora." Both these are according to the Linnæan system. St. Petersburg, August 8, 1846. We came here from Stockholm by the Finland steamer Storfürsten, which touches at Abo, Helsingfors and Revel. The only botanist I met with by the way was Professor Tengstróm, at Helsingfors, who lectures in the University there, and superintends the Botanical Garden, in which helives, The situation is very pretty, and the collection of Plants in the garden is good, much better than I should have expected to find ; but there are neither working botanists nor herbarium orlibrary of any extent, everything of that kind having been destroyed by the fire at Abo before the University Was removed. St. Petersburg contains two great botanical collections, that of the Academy of Sciences and that of the Botanical Garden. The herbarium of the Academy of Sci- ences is under the direction of Dr. Carl Anton Meyer, and under him, Dr. Rupprecht, but without at present any assistance for the mechanical part of the business. It is con- tained in two large, and a small room, round which are arranged the cabinets with mahogany glazed doors—useful in enabling you to see where the genera are, without opening 532 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. the doors; but a luxury, the cost of which might have been better applied to the purchase of specimens, for which the Academy is very short of funds. The specimens are loose, in double sheets of paper of a large size, and arranged in the Natural Orders, the genera separated by thin sheets of pasteboard, the species under each genus being placed alpha- betically ; the whole loose on the shelves, not tied in bundles, a great advantage over the usual continental custom of having from one to a dozen strings to untie every time you would look at a specimen; but still, if the herbarium were to be fre- quently consulted, having the disadvantage of not preserving the specimens so well as we do by glueing them down. The collection is rich in Russian and in Brazilian plants, it con- tains all Chamisso's and a very complete set of Sieber's plants; and besides some of the usual Cape collections, a very good one made by Hesse, with a miscellaneous collection from other parts of the world, the whole in very good consulting order, the undetermined and doubtful plants being at the end of each natural order. Besides this general herbarium, there is Marschall von Bieberstein's Tauro-Caucasian her- barium, nearly complete with good specimens, and Trinius's Gramineæ, a most extensive series, remarkably rich in authentic specimens. Dr. Meyer, who lives at the Botanic Garden, and is intimate with Dr. Fischer, has not published anything since the Monograph of Ephedra, which appeared two or three months ago; he is now investigating the Roses allied to R. cinnamomea. Dr. Rupprecht has been at work on the Flora of Russia, and has completed the three last parts of the “Contributions to the Flora of Russia," containing à critical Enumeration of the plants of the Samoied territory; with several new species, some of them figured ; of the Rus- sian Ferns, of which some are new; and of the plants of the neighbourhood of St. Petersburg, with geographical and historical notes to each. His worldly position at the Academy is not satisfactory for a man of so much ability, and he appears anxious to go out on an expedition round world. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 533 The herbarium of the Botanic Garden, under the general direction of Dr. Fischer and of his assistants, Dr. Meyer and Avé-Lallemant, is under the especial care of Mr. Meins- hausen, a young man who accompanied Schrenck into Soon- garia; there appeared to be also one or two young men at Work as assistants. The space allotted to it is small; the different collections it consists of are, as yet, separate, and all tied up in bundles, so that it is difficult to judge of its extent; butit must be considerable. It contains the herbarium of the late Dr. Mertens, of Bremen, left by him in very good order, containing about twenty-five thousand species, and especially rich in European plants ; that of Schrader, of Gót- tingen, bulky, but ofless value; that of Schumacher, of Co- penhagen, containing, like other Danish herbaria, a great many of Rohr's Cayenne plants, Thonning's African ones, &c.; Very rich sets of Turczaninow's, Sowitz's, and Schrenk's plants, and those of other Russian collectors, besides miscellaneous collections. The library is also very good. What both herbaria aré chiefly deficient in, appear to be East Indian, South American (except Brazil and Guiana), and Antarctic plants. Dr. Fischer himself has been at work at Astragali, and has Prepared for press a detailed Monograph of the section of the Tragacantheg ; and with Dr. Meyer, he is now publishing the first part of a folio work, under the title of * Jardin de Saint Pétersbourg," to contain coloured drawings and descriptions of interesting plants which have flowered here. "This first part has a short account and drawing of the new Palm-house, in the state it had attained last season, and figures and descriptions of ten species, amongst which is a very handsome Brazilian Almeidea. Dr. Fischer possesses a Private herbarium, arranged in large double sheets like that of the Academy of Sciences, and apparently containing a very Considerable miscellaneous collection in good order. = I met here Professor Trautvetter, of Kieff, who is at work on the plants brought by Middendorf from Northern and Arctic Russia; and as there are but few aids at Kieff, 534 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. he came here to consult books and herbaria. The Flora gathered by Middendorf, is, in many respects, that of Melville Island, but more numerous in species. Professor Schychowsky and M. Avé-Lallemant are, unfortunately for me, absent ; the former on a tour from Stockholm, by Borneo, round the Gulf of Finland, (he passed through Upsala a week before I was there), M. Lallemant in Germany. You will be sorry to hear that Turczaninow has been, for a consider- able time, laid up with a severe accident. He had just moved to Taganrog, where he meant to settle, in order to be near two medical and botanical friends, but who both of them died about the time of Turczaninow’s arrival; and he him- self, a man of large size and heavy frame, whilst lifting a large package of plants, fell down stairs and sustained some severe internal injuries, which kept him for months prostrate on his bed, unable to do anything. He is now said to be getting . better, and to meditate returning to his relatives at Perm—a long, cold, and painful journey for an invalid. (To be continued.) Notice of three new Funat collected by Mr. GARDNER in Ceylon ; by the Rev. M. J. BergeLey, M.A, F.LS. (With two Plates, Tass, XVII & XVIII). In a valuable collection of drawings of Fungi, prepared by — native artists, under the direction of Mr. Gardner, at Ceylon, amongst other objects of considerable interest, there are six Fungi belonging to the Phalloidal group. Some of these are so important, that, though the corresponding specimens are daily expected, it has been judged advisable at once t0 publish figures accompanied by specific characters, reserving ail details for some future opportunity. The three which have been selected belong to genera, two of which, Simblum — BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 535 and Lysurus,* are represented by a single species, and the other, Aseroe, by two or possibly three. l. Simblum gracile, n. sp.; volva irregulariter circumscissa, parte superiore a receptaculo elevata; stipite gracili utrin- que attenuato. (Tas. XVII. f. 1.) Gardner, Ceyl. n. 80. The stem and receptacle, as in Simblum periphragmoides from Mauritius, are of a pale yellow. "The species is distin- guished by its more graceful habit, its slender, attenuated stem, and small receptacle, which, as it is protruded, lifts up with it a portion of the volva. | 2. Lysurus Gardneri, n. sp.; volva obovata; stipite cylin- drico albo sursum rugoso incrassato; ramis receptaculi quinque subæqualibus albis apice junctis. (Tas. XVII. J. 2.) Gardn. Ceyl. n. 62. Differing materially from the Chinese species in colour, in the cylindrical stem, and other important points. 3. Aseroe Zeylanica, n. sp.; radiis receptaculi 20 rarissime furcatis pulcherrime cinnabarrinis; hymenio phæniceo- purpureo ; stipite brevi obeso subæquali. (Tas. XVIII). Gard. Ceyl. n. 91. This species resembles most Aseroe pentactina, Endlicher, which is, however, I believe, a mere form of A. rubra. It is distinguished from all by its mostly undivided rays, which hs it very near to Calathiscus, Mont. of which it has the it, 3 Notes on the Botany of the Pyrenees, in a letter to the Editor, from RicHARD Spruce, Esa. (Continued from p. 429.) . . After a day spent at Argélez in putting the remainder of _ Sur Spanish plants into paper, we proceeded to Luz, which * Corda has figured a splendid Fungus, in a plate at present unpub- lished, which he refers to Lysurus ; but it is probably rather the type of a new genus, intermediate between Lysurus and Aseroe, 536 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. is at about the same distance as Cauterets, but less elevated. My souvenirs of Luz are not of the most agreeable kind, partly because they are always connected with the dirt and dust (to say nothing of the fleas) of Madame Cuzaux's hotel, though scarcely any guide-book fails to vaunt its excellence; and partly because I gathered fewer mosses there than in any other part of the Pyrenees. Indeed, the whole ofthe district, including the environs of Luz, Barèges, and Gavarnie, is almost destitute of mosses, which is easily explained by there being no forests. It produces, however, some excellent — flowering-plants and lichens. [ I wasted a whole day in searching the schistose rocks on — the mountain called “la Butte St. Justin," to the left of the road leading to Barèges, where M. Desmoulins had discovered a new lichen, described by Dr. Montagne in the “ Annales des Sciences Naturelles," under the name of ÆEndocarpon — Moulinsii. I gathered the curious Endocarpon saxorum, but — of E. Moulinsii, so easily distinguished by its being the only — species of the genus which has the thallus pubescent beneath, I saw nota trace; yet I was afterwards so fortunate sito find it on some rocks of similar character, at the base of the Cháteau of Luz, where it grew accompanied by P armelia fulgens, On the 13th of August we set out on an excursion to Ga- varnie, intending to pass the night at the village, and on n following day to explore the Col and -Vallée d'Estaubé. ^ — spent some time among the rocks called Chaos, between a Gedre and Gavarnie, where I gathered some Cryptogam® — amongst which Andreæa rupestris and Parmelia chlorophana — (Squamaria electrina, DC.), are worthy of mention; Me. former on account of the very great rarity of the genus id dreea in the Pyrenees. I know of nothing in the climate E A the physical character of the Pyrenees which will dins a reason for this curious fact: the almost total absence pier q allied genus Sphagnum is accounted for by the want of ni bogs, of which I have seen but two in the Pyrenees, Te neither covered more than two or three acres of groun@: ^^ BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 537 only flowering-plant gathered before reaching Gavarnie was the beautiful Merendera Bulbocodium, Ramond, which covers the moist meadows there with its crocus-like flowers, as Colchicum autumnale does in some parts of England. We secured beds at the auberge, and ate a substantial lun- cheon, after which we proceeded to explore the famous Cirque of Gavarnie. It cost us an hour's walking to reach the entrance to it, although from the immensity of its dimensions it had appeared close at hand, and the night was fast closing in when we passed the ** Pont de Neige.” On returning across it, after gathering fine specimens of Geranium cinereum, with Which the ground was in some parts quite enamelled, Aqui- legia Pyrenaica,* Ramondia Pyrenaica, &c., there was just light enough left to prevent our stepping into one of the crévasses, and plunging into the furious Gave below, and we reached our hotel between darkness and the twilight of the rising moon. We rose the following morning at five, and after waiting a most unreasonable time for breakfast, at length set out with our guide to ascend to the Col d’Estaubé, which lies eastward of the Cirque. One of the principal objects of our search was Ranunculus glacialis, which had been indicated to us as grow- ing near the Col; but we explored the “ moraines” at the base of two glaciers without seeing it, and I can scarcely believe it exists there. We found several interesting plants which amply repaid us for missing this; such were Saponaria cespitosa, Arenaria purpurascens, Aronicum scorpioides, Gnaphalium leontopodium, Veronica Nummularia, &c. The view from the Col is extremely grand. On the left, and westward from us, the whole mass of the Vignemale, rising to the height of 11,000 English feet, stood exposed to view; and nearer to us, on the same side, the ramparts and towers of Gavarnie, looking exactly like some gigantic Gothic castle—its portal, the famous Brèche de Roland, nearly on a level with the place ... * Ido not see how this is to be kept apart from A. alpina; for I find the Pur always more or less curved at the extremity ; and I consider it highly Probable that both of them are merely alpine states of A. vulgaris. VOL. y, RR 538 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. where we stood, and its highest summit, Ja Tour du Marboré, ascending above the Vignemale, and but a few toises lower than Mont Perdu itself. In front were seen the Pimenée and the whole of the mountains around Cauterets, Luz, and Barèges. On our right, and on the opposite side of the Vallée d'Es- taubé, which terminates there, was the Port d'Estaubé, through which Ramond passed to make his celebrated ascenfs of Mont Perdu. We had several glimpses of the snowy summit of this noble mountain in descending the Vallée d'Es- taubé, which we traversed throughout its whole length, and passing over Mont Coumelie, descended at Gèdre, where we dined, and afterwards walked to Luz by moonlight. This was one of our hardest days in the Pyrenees, for we were on foot during fourteen hours, and travelled over much difficult ground. The plants gathered in this excursion, not men- tioned above, are the following : Cardamine bellidifolia. Medicago suffruticosa. Oxytropis campestris. montana. Saxifraga longifolia, Lap. * Lonicera Pyrenaica. Crepis pygmæa, L. Soldanella alpina. . Juncus trifidus. Festuca varia, Henke. To these may be added the chief of those gathered in the vicinity of Luz, viz. : Chærophyllum aureum. Tordylium maximum, Crepis albida, Vil. . blattarioides. BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 539 'Prenanthes purpurea. Soyeria lapsanoides. Phyteuma orbiculare. Plantago Cynops. Andropogon Ischæmum. Eragrostis megastachya. Setaria viridis. We passed the night of the 19th at Baréges, whence we set out early the following morning, accompanied by a guide, to cross the Tourmalet, Dr. S. intending to return to his family at Luz, and myself to proceed to Bagnéres-de- Bigorre the same evening. We had hoped to herborize on the Tour- malet, but were prevented by the dense fog which covered all the mountains. This changed into a drizzling rain when I descended to Grip, at the extremity of the Vallée de Campan, and continued so for the remaining nine miles of the journey, so that I entered Bagnères in no very enviable plight. I. gathered, however, on my route, Paronychia argentea and Daphne Cneorum, besides a few mosses, of which Bryum pal- lescens and Encalypta streptocarpa in fruit are the most inte- resting. The latter I afterwards found to fructify abundantly on the walls and in calcareous soil in the woods about Bagnères. I was addressed at Bagnères to M. Philippe, a very liberal and excellent dealer in objects of natural history, and to M. de Lugo, a learned and accomplished Spaniard, both ardently attached to botanical pursuits. The former was a domestic of the late Baron Cuvier, from whom he acquired a taste for, and Some knowledge of natural history. Thirteen years ago he established himself in the centre of the Pyrenees as an em- pailleur, and in the course of a few years succeeded in amass- ing a considerable collection of the animals, birds, insects, and minerals of the Pyrenees, to which he afterwards joined the flowering-plants, and he is now completing his museum by the addition of the Cryptogamia. To any naturalist visiting | R R2 540 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. the Pyrenees, and wishing to make purchases of zoological, botanical, or geological specimens, I can confidently recom- mend those of M. Philippe as being excellent in quality and reasonable in price. During this visit to Bagnéres, I made but one excursion worth mentioning; this was to the moun- tain called Lhieris, which is well known for its botanical riches. The season, however, was too far advanced on the 23rd of August, and many good plants were quite passed. The following were those collected : Silene Saxifraga. Epilobium Durizi, Gay. Laserpitium Siler. Galium aristatum. Valeriana Pyrenaica. Aster alpinus. ‘Campanula Scheuchzeri. longifolia, Lap. Betonica Alopecurus. Sideritis scordioides. The 27th and 28th of the same month were occupied in walking through the mountains from Bagnéres-de-Bigorre to Bagnéres-de- Luchon, by the route of Arreau and the Port de Peyresourde, a distance of about forty miles. During this journey I gathered a few Cryptogamia, but no flowers. The latter were indeed not to be had now, except on the highest mountains; and when I arrived at Bagnéres-de-Luchon, I began to fear that all chance was gone of adding further to my stock, for that very night a heavy fall of snow took places and I was told that in the Port de Bénasque it lay to ee depth of above a métre. However, in two or three days after- wards, all trace of the recent fall had disappeared, and Iw able to recommence my botanical operations. MM Being now in the centre of the loftiest and most promising mountains in the Pyrenees, I determined to prolong my stay to the latest possible moment, and when I left on the 4th BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 541 October, the diligences had ceased running, the hotels were deserted, and there was not a single pensionnaire remaining in Bagnères-de-Luchon. Before this period arrived, I ex- plored every promising locality, extending my excursions be- yond the frontier into both Arragon and Catalonia, and on the French side as far as Esquierry and the Lacs d'Oc. Some of my best mosses were gathered in the Vallée du Lys, and on the lofty mountain of Crabioules, which terminates it on the west; they include Bryum elongatum in several forms, Cephalogonium longirostre, Dicranum denticulatum, flavellum, longifolium and Sauteri, Fissidens osmundioides, Trichostomum ` lortile, Anectangium compactum (in fruit), magnificent speci- mens of Hypnum Crista-castrensis, reflerum, salebrosum and umbratum, Isothecium cladorhizans, Anacamptodon splach- noides, Jungermannia julacea, Madotheca platyphylloidea, Schwein. &c. The Vallée de Burbe, which conducts to the Spanish village of Bossost, through the Port de Portillon, is also rich. Here I gathered Dicranum curvatum, Hedw., and the rare D. fulvum, Hook. Musc. Exot., besides Mnium me- dium, Leskea rostrata, Leiochlena lanceolata, and several others. On the mountain called Superbagnéres, which rises immediately from the back of the town, I found Didymodon cylindricus, Ceratodon cylindricus, Bryum concinnatum, MSS., and a very distinct new species of Plagiochila (Pl. Pyrenaica, MSS.) allied to Pl. interrupta and porelloides, Nees. On the3rd of September I investigated the gorge of Esquierry, called, with great propriety, “ le Jardin des Pyrénées ;” for in ‘no other place that I have visited do rare and beautiful plants grow in such abundance and luxuriance. But it is impossible in the space of a single day, to explore it fully ; and I was quite bewildered amongst the multitude of good things, not knowing which to take and which to leave, yet unable to gather all, not- withstanding that I had left Bagnéres-de-Luchon by starlight, and instead of returning there the same evening, slept in a Cabane, near Lac d'Espingo. There was no lack of Mosses, but I was too much occupied with flowers to pay them the Tequisite attention ; I found, however, Bryum acuminatum and 542 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. polymorphum, Desmatodon latifolius, var. glacialis, and some others. The flowers gathered at Esquierry are: Anemone alpina. narcissiflora. Cardamine resedifolia. Sisymbrium pinnatifidum. Geum montanum, : Epilobium trigonum, Schrank. Bupleurum Pyrenaicum. Eryngium Bourgati. Serratula cynaroides. Gentiana nivalis. Veronica alpina. ` bellidioides. Euphrasia minima. Pedicularis Pyrenaica, Gay. Lilium Pyrenaicum. Martagon. Luzula spadicea. I quitted my rude lodging early next morning, thinking to visit with my guide the rest of the Lacs d'Oc, of which there are four besides the Lac d'Espingo, the last being the Lac Glacé, at the summit of the Port d'Oc ; but when we reached the third lake, we were assailed with such a tempest of wind and rain, that we were obliged to retrace our steps. I made a second visit to the same locality on the 22nd of September, and gathered Zygodon Mougeotii in fruit, Gymnostomum CUr- virostrum and rupestre, Bryum Zierii and longicollum, SW with several other mosses. — | I was joined by Dr. S. early in the month of September ; and after much deliberation, we decided on ascending the Maladetta, as our last chance of obtaining glacialis. We set out then on the evening of the 10th, accom- panied by a marchand naturaliste, of Bagnéres, named Sarthe, - and a boy who led the horse which carried our baggage, and BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 543 proceeded as far asthe Hospice de Luchon, where we were to sleep. We found beds, certainly, such as they were, and no lack of society in them; but as to sleeping, that was quite out of the question, and we were glad to quit them at the first dawn of day. After a hasty breakfast, we started to ascend to the Port de Bénasque, which it took us three hours to reach. We gathered some interesting plants by the way, such as Trifolium badium, Potentilla Pyrenaica, Saxifraga capitata, Lap., Gnaphalium supinum, Senecio Tournefortii, &c., and in the Port itself, Cerastium alpinum, y. lanatum, Koch, Stellaria cerastoides, and Saxifraga bryoides. From the Port de Bénasque, there is a descent of an hour to the base of the Maladetta, but we made the time much longer by searching the curious limestone rocks called Peña Blanca, on Our route, where we gathered Gaya Pyrenaica, Arenaria tetra- quetra, and Saponaria cespitosa. It was nearly mid-day when we commenced the ascent of the Maladetta, and we were already fatigued; yet our toil was only just commencing. I have seen nothing more dreary and cheerless than the Mala- detta, which really looks as if some curse had been pro- nounced upon it. Even where the grass does not refuse to grow, it is brown and withered, and seems to be never touched by the sheep, and the lichens on tbe rocks are rarely more than half-developed, exhibiting a rudimentary crust, but hardly ever any apothecia. Yet it is a grand and an awfal mountain, with its bold peaks, immense masses of snow and ice, and foaming torrents, which lose themselves in horrid gulfs at its base. And even in a botanical point of view, there are oases in its deserts, which render it not unin- teresting. In such we gathered Silene ciliata, Cherleria sedoides, Alchemilla fissa, Saxifraga cesia, Angelica Pyrenaica, Gentiana alpina, Carex frigida, nigra and Pyrenaica, and Phleum alpinum ; besides Tortula aciphylla, Timmia Mega- Politana and Weissia crispula, We spent nearly an hour, after reaching the base of the great glacier, in searching the beds of the streams which are fed by it, for Ranunculus gla- cialis, and at length succeeded in finding a few specimens, but 544 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. they were nearly spoiled by the snow which had recently covered them. We did not reach the Hôpital de Bénasque, where we were to pass the night, until dusk; and a more desolate, unin- viting place for weary travellers like ourselves, cannot well be imagined. However, the prospect of a supper and a bed made us overlook the unglazed windows, the brigand-like figures, and the indescribable filth which everywhere met our eyes. The former, when it came, consisted of a soup of oil, garlie, and bread, of which a single taste was sufficient for me, though our guide ate of it with great relish, and a dish of boiled mutton cutlets, which I found so excellent as amply to compensate for the want of the soup. As to the beds, we were not without considerable misgivings as to the treatment we should meet with when we ventured to take possession of them; but after sitting over the fire we had caused to be lighted, as long as we could hold up our heads, we crept into . them without taking off our clothes. Here we had not lain many minutes, when we were attacked by legions, equally numerous and voracious with those which Robinson Crusoe encountered in a part of the Pyrenees not very distant ; and after bearing up against their assaults as well as I could until a little past midnight, I leaped out of bed and posted myself by the window, where I amused myself with watching the moon sink behind the opposite mountains. It was too cold to remain here long; but the idea of facing my tormentors again was so horrible, that I felt I had rather join the fifteen Spaniards, who lay round the immense hearth-fire below; and observing a spark still remained on our ‘own hearth, I blew at it until I sueceeded in raising a flame; and having made as good a fire as I could, my companion, who was suffering no less than myself, left his couch and joined me. Our first care was to exchange the garments we had on for others, which were in our carpet-bags, and we then most of the rest of the night in the interesting occupati " of examining the cast-off property, and dislodging from 1t all the tenants we could lay hands on. : v". BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 545 After this digression to entomology, I must return to the botanical portion of my narrative, and state that we quitted ourchamber as soon as external objects were distinctly visible, in order to gather a remarkable thistle (Cirsium glabrum, DC.), which we had observed by a rivulet close to the inn, on enter- ing it the previous evening; and then, after taking our cho- colate, we set out to return to Bagnères. The fatigues of the previous day and the want of sleep, had very much unfitted us for travelling, and we found the ascent to the Port almost as difficult as that of the Maladetta. We gathered Campanula pusilla, some Hieracia, &c.; and I found mosses and lichens about the Port itself, sufficient to occupy me above an hour. They included Mielichoferia mitida, Grimmia conferta and Sauteri, Gymnomitrium concinnatum, and a Hypnum, which is quite unknown to me. We afterwards reached Bagnéres-de- Luchon without meeting with pie adventure, or catlssing any plant worth mentioning. On the 4th of October Es retail to Bagnères-de-Bigorre, and as the weather rather improved after my arrival, I was still able to take long excursions into the mountains; and in company with Dr. S. and M. Philippe, gathered several inte- resting Cryptogamia. We were, in particular, well repaid for avisit to Lac Lehou (sometimes called Lac Bleu), at the extremity of the Vallée de Lesponne, made chiefly in quest of lichens. We gathered Parmelia chrysoleuca, and Lecidea Wahlenbergii, two of the most beautiful plants of the tribe, on a ridge of schistose rock close by the lake; besides Par- melia enea and chlorophana, Lecidea badia, Morio and con- tigua (the var. called L. umbilicata by Ramond), Biatora olivacea and Tabacina, Cetraria nivalis and juniperina, Sticta : crocata, &c. In the same place grew Grimmia nigrita, Hypnum moniliforme and some other rare mosses. "The following are also some of the more interesting rock-lichens, gathered on .— Lhieris, Bédat, and other of the limestone mountains around . Bagnères; viz. Parmelia cervina, chalybea and crassa; Lecidea albo-cerulescens and macrocarpa; Biatora decipiens and vernalis ; Gyalecta cupularis and exanthematica ; Verru- 546 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. caria conoidea, Dufourei and purpurascens, and Opegrapha cerebrina, Ram. Among the mosses gathered at Bagnères at this season are Anomodon striatus (Pterogonium, Auct.), which was in excellent fruit on the stems and branches of hasels and other shrubs on Lhieris, Jsothecium repens, Tor- tula paludosa, Racomitrium Sudeticum, fasciculare and proten- sum, Cinclidotus aquaticus, and several Hypna. I was so well pleased with Bagnéres, that I determined to take up my winter quarters there, when I had made excur- sions to Pau and Dax, and, if practicable, paid a second visit to Gaston-Sacaze. The execution of these projects occupied me about a month, and the weather was happily sufficiently open to allow me to spend ten days at Laruns, from whence I made several excursions with Gaston, and added largely to my collection. In the environs of Pau I gathered fruit of several mosses I had observed in spring. My journey 1 Dax was unfortunately in very rainy weather; but I saw enough of its Cryptogamic botany to convince me that it was very rich, and deserving of a more extensive examination ‘The occurrence of many of the species which are found i the south-west of Ireland, is deserving of mention, though it was not unexpected. Entosthodon Templetoni, Bryum Tozer, Saccogyna viticulosa, and Mastigobryum trilobatum, gue together, as I have seen them in Kerry. In this excursion Í gathered several tree-lichens. | ct _ L arrived at Bagnères, for the third and last time, early 10 the month of December, and immediately set to work tO arrange and examine my Phanerogamic collection, W^ occupied me during the whole of my stay, with the exception of the short excursions I made with my friends, Philippé 2"' De Lugo, whenever the weather permitted. The weather om very severe in the early part of winter, and the snow lay or the hills down to the town of Bagnéres itself; but in the beginning of January it became much milder, and the — gradually receded, so as to leave the mountains exposer sett considerable height. I was consequently enabled to je good deal of field. work, and was perhaps the first DO BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 547 who had herborized the Pyrenees in winter. The following are some of the mosses gathered: Coscinodon pulvinatus, Grimmia crinita, curvula, obtusa and orbicularis, Dicranum curvatum and rufescens, Orthotrichum obtusifolium and pumi- lum, Desmatodon nervosus, Trichostomum tophaceum, Tortula canescens, Polytrichum attenuatum, and the following Hypna in fruit, viz. H. catenulatum, crassinervium, cylindricum, Bruch, loreum, Schreberi, striatum, MSS., and Vaucheri of Lesquereux. In calcareous soil, and on rocks of the same nature, I found in abundance the Isothecium insidiosum of Montagne (Entodon Montagnei, C. Müll), and I felt sure, at the time, that I had observed it in similar situations in England. This I have confirmed since my return home, and 1 now find the plant in all the limestone quarries around Welburn. It has much the habit of Hypnum Schreberi, but is more rigid in its appearance, and the stem is not red as in that species. I added numerous Hepatice to my collection, but they have been scarcely looked at yet. One of them is a Dumortiera (irrigua or hirsuta ?), and I recognize Pellia calycina, Junger- mannig spherocarpa, hyalina, polyanthos var. rivularis, &c. ; but by far the commonest Jungerm. near Bagnéres, and in- deed throughout the limestone districts of the Pyrenees, is what I take to be J. Bantriensis, Hook., in various forms, and it might therefore with greater propriety be called J. Py- renaica. The localities around Bagnères which I found richest In mosses, are the valleys of Lesponne, Serris and Gazos, the Forest of Transoubât, the Woods of Gerde, Asté, and Pou- zac, and the Gorge of the Fontaine Sulfureuse at Labas- sère. On the 9th of March 1 bade adieu, not without regret, to the Pyrenees and to my friends at Bagnères, and proceeded to Pau, with the whole of my collections. The latter I sent off immediately by roulage to Paris, but I remained myself for a fortnight longer with my friend, Dr. S., and gathered during my stay several mosses, which had been too far ad- vanced when I arrived the preceding year, such as Tortula ` membranifolia, Gymnostomum tortile, Didymodon luridus, &c. 548 ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. In proceeding from Pau to Paris, I went out of my way to pay a last visit to Dr. Dufour, at St. Séver. Here I remained two days, and added the following interesting mosses to | my collection, viz. Tortula ambigua and cuneifolia, Funaria — Muhlenbergii and Hibernica ? Bryum Muelleri, MSS. (Br. pla- | tyloma, B. & S. non Schwgr.), and finely-fruited specimens of Trichostomum subulatum, B. & S. I stayed ten days in Paris, and from thence taking the route of Dieppe, I finally landed at Brighton, on Good Friday, the 10th of April, along with the treasures I had amassed, the latter all safe and in excellent condition. | R. Spruce. Annotationes in PipgrACEAS Herbarii ARNOTTIANI, preser- tim indicas a cel. Wigut lectas, autore F. A. Gui. MIQUEL. My dear Sir William, By desire of Dr. Miquel, I send you for your Journal the following “ Annotationes” upon some species of Pipe- raceæ, about which I wished to consult him. All Dr. Wight’s collection are comprehended among them, except apparently one species, which Dr. Miquel has marked “ Piper Nepalense, perhaps, however, inadvertently. M — x x Yours faithfully, G. WALKER ARNOTT.. Arlaay, Sept. 7, 1846. PEPEROMIA, Ruiz et Pav. Sectio Micropiper, Mig. Syst. Piperac. 1. Peperomia Wightiana; herbacea succulenta erecta bast radicans, foliis alternis vel summis oppositis petiolatis; inferioribus parvis rotundatis vel obovatis, reliquis ellip- ticis vel obovato-ellipticis, obtusis, basi acutis, glabris, ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 549 junioribus apice ciliolatis, uninerviis et obsolete venulosis pellucido-punctatis, subtus pallidis, amentis longiuscule pedunculatis axillaribus solitariis vel terminalibus subaggre- gatis filiformibus erectis remotifloris, baccis ovatis sub- obliquis. : In Malabaria, legit Dr. Wight, an. 1837. Herba vix spithamea, ex affinitate Pep. candide, Syst. Piperac. p. 105, inde a basi ramosa, foliis inferioribus 4-1 cent. longis rotundatis vel plane obovatis, reliquis ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis, basi acutis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, quandoque subretusis, junioribus apice tenerrime ciliolatis, supra saturate viridibus, subtus pallidis, cum nervo medio percurrente parce venulosis vel venula utrinque e basi adscen- dente tenuiter trinerviis, 1-2 cent. longis, 8-15 mm. latis, petiolis 5-3 cent. longis. Amenta plerumque terminalia ge- mina vel terna, pedunculis 14 cent. longis suffulta, filiformia, - Tecta. Bracteæ et genitalia omnino congenerum. 2. Peperomia Dindygulensis, l.c. p. 122. Species in Penin- sula Ind. Or. haud rara videtur, varias formas induens. Minor forma in Herb. Wight. nomine P. blande, alice sub P. polystachye titulo occurrunt. In Courtallum, Martio mense, 1835 (Wight). Inter eas etiam occurrit forma illa luxurians alternifolia, in Syst. Pip. p. 123 descripta, que olim fortassis propriam speciem sistere posset. 3. Peperomia Courtallensis ; erecta succulenta glabra opposite - vel alterne ramosa, foliis modice petiolatis oppositis vel summis verticillatis plerumque majoribus, omnibus magni- tudine et forma dissimilibus, ellipticis, oblongis vel obova- tis basi acutis vel attenuatis, apice rotundatis vel attenuato- obtusis aut emarginatis ibique junioribus ciliolatis, æqui- lateris vel inæquilateris, pellucido-punctatis, subtus pallidis, - obsolete uninerviis et venulosis vel subtrinerviis, amentis axillaribus solitariis vel terminalibus solitariis vel aggregatis erectis strictiusculis longiuscule pedunculatis subdensi- © floris, baccis subimmersis oblique ovatis. — In Courtallam, legit Dr. Wight, an. 1836. 550 ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. Precedenti affinis; herba fere. semipedalis, foliosa; folia inferiora 2-24 cent. longa; summa pleraque fere elliptica, basi . acuta, apice protracto, obtusa sepe emarginata, 3-4 cent. longa, 14-2 lata, in sicco membranacea, vix punctata. Amenta 3-5 cent. longa recta strictiuscula, pedunculis 1-2 cent. longis sustenta. 4, Peperomia portulacoides, A. Dietr—Mig. Syst. p. 130. Courtallam, (Dr. Wight). Specimina hec a Mauritianis nullo pacto diversa, nisi fortassis compage paullo cras- siore. 5. Peperomia Ceylanica; herbacea pusilla erecta basi radi- cans di-vel trichotomo-ramosa, ramulis appresse pubes- centibus, foliis oppositis vel verticillatis 3-4 nis, breviter — petiolatis, adultis cum petiolis fere omnino glabris, ellipticis — velobovatis obtusis vel apice rotundatis, basi plerumque acutis, obsolete uninerviis et parce venulosis, nervo medio infra apicem in anastomoses dissoluto, amentis axillaribus et terminalibus, solitariis vel geminis, pedunculis subgla- bris, floribus densis, baccis ovatis. In ins. Ceylon, legit Walker, an. 1837. (n. 1904). A P. Reinwardtiana et P. recurvata, Syst. Pip. 141, differt foliorum forma, glabritie et florum situ. Herba digito parum altior, basi inter muscos radicans, nuda, sursum magis ramosa et foliosa, caule ramisque pubes- centibus cito glabrescentibus, ramulis appresse pubescentibus. . Folia infima minima, reliqua diverse magnitudinis, in sicco membranacea tenuia haud pellucido-punctata, supra atro- viridia glabra, subtus pallida, nervulo medio ad apicem haud _ pertingente pertensa, venulis paucis obsoletis nascentia, Ver- sus basin puberula, ad apicem haud raro tenere ciliolata, petiolis antice canaliculatis ad lentem -puberulis 1-2 mm. longis sustenta, majora elliptica vel obovata, 8-15 mm. long? 8 circiter lata, alia multo minora plus minusve rotundata. Pedunculi tenere puberuli glabrescentes 1-5 mm. longi- Amenta teretia, superne aliquid incrassata in sicco nigricantia glabra recta vel leviter eurvata, florentia 1-2 cent. longa, ` ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 551 densiflora, ovariis leviter immersis, bractea pedicellato-pel- tata orbiculari, staminibus brevibus, stigmate penicillato terminali. 6. Peperomia reflexa, Dietr.— Syst. Pip. p. 169. Fonda Malabar, (Wight). Cnavica, Mig. l. Chavica Roxburghii, p. 239; fem. Salamcottah ; mas. et ftem. Courtallam, (Wight). 2. Chaviea sarmentosa, p. 242, Quilon, fwm. Malabar, mas. (Wight). 3. Chavica spherostachya, p. 278, forma foliis quintupliner- viis minoribus. Courtallam (Wight.)—Forma normalis ibi etiam lecta est. CunEBA, Mig. Cubebæ specimen masc., folis coriaceis ovatis vel ellipticis acute acuminatis PA E nervis 3 mediis basi liberis, reliquis prope eam vel ex ipsa basi egressis, medio tantum ad apicem ducto, amentis filiformibus elon- gatis, floribus annulatim vel subfasciculatim | dispositis, bracteis coriaceis basi adnatis obtusis concavo-patulis gla- bris, staminibus 2 circa pilorum brevium fasciculum dis- positis, | _ Folia 8-14 cent. longa, 33-6 lata, supra nervis impressis — subtus iis prominentibus reticulata. . Amenta 8-10 onga, pedunculis 1 cent. long. Malabar ? (Wight). "e Verisimiliter pertinet ad C. Wallichii, p- 289, cujus hucus- que tantum, sp. foem. vidi, quae folis basi cordatis differunt. Cum autem in hoc genere folia utriusque sexus plerumque et magnitudine differant, fallax adhuc manet judicium. 552 ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. Piper, Linn. 1. Piper nigrum, Linn. Syst. Pip. p. 300..In Courtallam, Malabar, legit Dr. Wight, qui etiam testatur, ex hac specie baccas Piperis nigr. colligi. Piper nigrum fœmineum, sylvestre? Foliis tantum paullo minoribus crassius reticulatis et staminum rudimentis prorsus deficientibus a P. nigro hermaphrodito differt. Bacce paucæ tantum efformatæ, deficiente forsan polline; nec in usum cconomicum colligi videtur, cum tanquam sylvestris species in Herb. Wight, nomine P. peepuloidis, exstet. Courtallam, (Wight). 2. Piper frioicum, Roxb.—Syst. Pip. p. 310. à In Peninsula Ind. Or. legit Dr. Wight. Hee sp. congruit omnino cum illa, quam teste specimine autographo? Herb. Lessert. pro specie Roxburghiana habeo. Folia autem ut in P. nigro subtus albicantia sunt. Si specimina a me pr? — specie Roxb. habitu revera ad eam pertinent, vix gravis intet — P. nigrum et P. £rioicum differentia existerit. Num Flore Indicæ auctor meritissimus plures species sub hoc nomme confudit? Botanicos in India Or. degentes quam maxime rogatos vellem, ut his dubiis saluendis operam impendeant. 3. Piper sylvestre, Lam.— Syst. p. 314. Femina. 2 Courtallam, Martio, 1835, (Wight). A sp. masc. hucusque | tantum a me observatis, quoad folia haud differt. Bractee — oblongz subtus hirtellee. Stigmata 4 reflexa decidua. — 4. Piper JVightii; foliis coriaceo-membranaceis subtilissim* pellucido-punctatis supra glabris lævibus, subtus junioribus in nervis parce hirtellis cito glabratis, ovatis vel elliptic?” ovatis brevi-acuminatis, basi leviter inæquali vel - rotundatis, septem (vel nervis 3 mediis paullo ‘supra basin liberis), subseptuplinerviis, amentis foemineis dein €elong^ folium fere æquantibus patentibus, pedunculo | superante, bracteis oblongo-linearibus submembra subtus hirtellis, stigmatibus 3-4. | ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. + 558 In Peninsula Ind. Or. legit Dr. Wight. À P. sylvestri, cui foliorum forma accedit, distinguiter bracteis, a P. attenuato et P. Nepaiensi foliorum forma et nervatione. Ramuli flexuosi, teretes, striati, juveniles angulati leves glabri, internodiis 3-4 cent. longis, nodis constrictis. Petioli 15-1 cent. longi antice canaliculati glabri. Folia 8-11 cent. longa, 5-7 lata, supra dilute viridia glabra levia, subtus pal- lida, adulta glabra, juniora in nervis parce pilosula, minora basi subæquali rotundata, majora basi leviter inæquali sub- emarginata, subæquilatera, apicis acumine brevi obtusiusculo vel acuto, nervis septem, vel omnibus e basi, vel plerumque 3 mediis aliquatulum supra basin liberis, quorum medius ad apicem ductus, laterales fere ad eum perducti, reliquorum infimus brevis infra 1, sequens ad 4 alt. delitescens, omnibus utrinque prominulis, subtus anastomosibus parcis horizontali- bus vix prominulis junctis. Stipula oppositifolia coriacea in sicco nigricans subglabra carinato-convoluta recurvata 3-4 mm, longa. Pedunculi 14-2 cent. longi glabri recti vel arc- uati. Amenta florentia 4-6 cent. longa, baccifera sæpe duplo .. longiora densiflora. Bractee oblongo-lineares in sicco fusce . luteo-marginatee submembranaceæ, subtus longe hirte lon- . Bitudinaliter adnate. Ovarium ellipticum, stigmatibus 3-4, plerumque 3, lanceolatis deflexis puberulis. Bacce elliptice subglobosæ 3-4 mm longæ, stigmatibus plerumque connatæ, Péricarpio pulposo.— Folia quedam sub lente subtus ar- Eenteo-lepidotula. Specimini, quod in Negapatam in 1830, legit cel. Wight, heec adscripsit: “ An alpine plant, gathered . 9n mountains near Dundygyl, Dec. 1826, in flower and fruit, Véry abundant." E Forma etiam exstat foliis glabris fere quintuplinerviis, amen- tis bacciferis elongatis 13-17 cent. longis ; quæ autem nequa- quam separanda videtur. Courtallum. 5. Piper lanatum, Wight, MSS. haud Roxb. Ramulis, pe- dunculis, petiolis foliisque subtus hirtellis, his membrana- ceis pellucido-punctatis supra glabris, ellipticis vel sub- VOL. v, Ss 554 ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. ovato-ellipticis breviter acuminatis, basi leviter inæquali obtusis vel attenuatis, inæquilateris vel æquilateris, 5-pli- vel 7-plinerviis, nervis 3 mediis vel fere e basi vel remotius ab eo liberis, amentis dioicis elongatis, (pedunculo petiolum superante), masculis densifloris, floribus diandris, foemineis sub-confertifloris, bracteis fere totis longitudinaliter adnatis subtus parce hirtellis, stigmatibus 3-4. In Peninsula Ind. Or. legit Dr. Wight, in cujus Herbario cum precedente specie sub nomine P. írioici et lanati exstat. Eadem species in collectione Wallichiana, sub No. 6642 G adest, olim a me inter dubias species P. acr affines relicta. Conf. Syst. Piperae. p. 324. É Precedenti nec non P. Hookeri, Miq., et P. Nepalensi affine. : Rami glabri sub lente minute punctulati, ramuli hirtelli. Petioli pubescenti-hirtelli (pilis his et totius stirpis brevi- articulatis) antice canaliculati 1-2 cent.longi. Folia mem- branacea vel coriaceo- membranacea, pellucido-punctata, supra glabra, subtus pilis crispulis hirtella, 7-13 cent. longa, 4-6 lata, anastomosibus parcis pertensa. Stipula oppositifolia lineari-convoluta hirtella 6 mm. longa. Amenta fœminea pedunculis 11-2 cent. longis sensim glabratis sustenta, patula, recta vel flexuosa, 8-10 cent. longa. Bractee oblongæ subtus parce hirtellæ vel fere glabre in sicco fusce et luteo-mat- ginate. Ovarium ellipticum, stigmatibus 3-4 elliptico-lanceo- latis reflexis albo-puberulis. Bacce elliptice subangulate apice cicatrisate, 3-4 mm. longæ, denique fere glabosæ. Amentum masc. leviter curvatum, 17 cent. longum, bracteis ut in fl. fæmineo sed brevioribus. Stamina 2, filamentis crassis basi dilatatis, antheris globosis, loculis connectivo lateraliter adnatis, : i 6. Piper Aymenophyllum ; ramulis junioribus petiolis foliis- que subtus in nervis crispulo-hirtellis, his tenuissime mem- branaceis præsertim junioribus transparentibus ellipticis attenuato-acuminatis acumine acuto vel obtusiusculo, basi 3 acuta vel obtusiuscula subæqualibus, subæquilateris, quin- ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 555 tuplinerviis, nervis infimis tenuissimis, sequentibus for- tioribus paullo supra basin liberis, per anastomoses vix ad apicem ductis, pedunculo petiolum duplo superante arcua- tim patulo, amento femineo folio paullo breviore, bracteis lineari-oblongis longitudinaliter adnatis, undulatis, margi- natis subtus crispulo-hirtellis, stigmatibus 3-4. In Courtallum, legit Dr. Wight. Rami crasse nodosi, internodiis 9-4 cent. longis, tenuiter striatis, junioribus compressis. Pefioli 1-14 cent. longi. Folia vix punctata 6-10 cent. longa, 3-4 infra medium lata, supra glabra. Pedunculi 2 cent. longi sensim glabrati. Amenta f'minea florentia 6-8 cent. longa, flexuosa. OBsERv.—Primo adspectu species distinctissima, accu- ratius autem investigata, missa tenerrima illa foliorum com- page, praecedenti specie proprius accedit, foliorum nervatione autem, bracteis majoribus iisque in sicco haud nigrescentibus speciei valorem sibi vindicat. 7. Piper argyrophyllum, Syst. 330. Sub nomine P. Melamiris in Herb. Wightiano, specimina exstant a Wallichianis olim a me descriptis parumper discrepantia. Pedunculi et petioli etenim ejusdem fere longitudines, imo hi subinde longiores. Courtallum. 8. Piper trineuron ; glabrum, foliis (summis) modice petio- latis elliptico-lanceolatis æquilateris breviter acuminatis, basi acutis, coriaceis, epunctatis, subtrinerviis, nervo medio Crasso percurrente, lateralibus juxta margines adscendenti- bus tenuibus ad } alt. delitescentibus, venis pene obso- letis, amento masc. breviter pedunculato parumper curvato, bracteis carnoso-coriaceis oblongis præter basin et apicem longitudinaliter adnatis, his elevatis subtus hirtellis, sta- minibus duobus. TOES Ceylon, legit Walker (No. 1784, in Herb. Arnott.) —— E Species certa, e specimine nimis fere incompleto descripta, . Cum solo P. grenato quodammodo comparanda, a quo autem foliorum nervatione statim dignoscitur. — Rami ramulique teretiusculi, nodis valde tumidis, interno- 88 2 556 ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS, diis 3-2 cent. longis. Petioli (summi) 6 mm. longi antice canaliculati. Folium summum 7 cent. longum fere 2} latum, marginibus revolutum, apice acumine obtusiusculo, nervo medio subtus prominente et crassiusculo, lateralibus utrinque parum prominulis, venis horizontalibus parcis. Pedunculus 8 mm. longus tenuis; amentum masc. 4 cent. longum, vix 2 mm. crassum, in sicco nigrescens ; alveoli floriferi parum hiantes sed prominuli. Muvoera, Mig. Hujus generis nulla hucusque species in Indic Orientalis continente detecta erat et cum in ditissima illa collectione Wallichiana nullam invenissem, illis regionibus genus hoc, duabus specibus Javanis compositum, plane deesse credidi. Wightii autem industria quatuor hujus generis speciebus Flora Anglo-Indico ditata est, quæ.generis typo omnino con- formes sunt et a Javanis stirpibus facili negotio dis- cernende. 1. Muldera trichostachya; folis superioribus lanceolatis vel ' oblongo-lanceolatis subæquilateris modice acuteque acumi- natis, basi subæquali obtusiusculis vel acutis, quintupli- nerviis coriaceis pellucido-punctatis, pedunculis sub-gla- bris petiolum vix æquantibus, amentis masculis elongatis patulis vel erectis, cyathisque oblique subglobosis bast constrictis puberulo-hirtellis, intus inter stamina hirtis. Malabar (Dr. Wight, 1837.) | ; Frutex dichotome ramosus nodosus, ramulis lævibus tenul- ter striatis. Petioli semiteretes antice canaliculati 1 cent. circiter longi. Folia coriacea utrinque glabra supra nitida nervisque prominulis pertensa, subtus in sicco sub- ochracea ad lentem impresso-punctata nervis prominenti- bus notata, 9-124 cent. longa, 3-34 lata, marginibus leviter revoluta; e nervo medio crassiusculo percurrente ex ima basi utrinque nervulus oritur tenuis submarginalis ad $ alt. deli- tescens et ad 1 cent. circiter distantiam a basi alter paullo ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 507 fortior adscendens et mox in anastomoses arcuatas excur- Tens; anastomoses parce prominule versus apicem arcus extrorsum convexas sistentes. ^ Pedunculi leviter curvati plerumque versus apicem puberuli vix 1 cent. longi. Amenta (masc.) recta vel leviter curvata 6-12 cent. longa subconferti- flora sursum attenuata, rachi cyathisque hirtello-puberulis in sicco nigricantibus. Cyathi apice subantice rima trans- versa parva aperti, intus pilis longis instructi, intra quos anthere vix emergunt. 2. Muldera galeata ; foliis lato vel lanceolato-ellipticis modice acuteque acuminatis, basi leviter inæquali obtusis vel acutiusculis, septupli- vel summis quintuplinerviis, nervis tribus mediis paullo supra basin liberis ad apicem ductis, subcoriaceis rigidiusculis, pellucido-punctulatis, amento fœmineo longe pedunculato folio breviori glabro remotifloro, Cyathi oblique clavati labio exteriore galeato, interiore minore, ovario depresso-globoso, stigmatibus 3-4 parvis. In Peninsula Ind. Or. legit Dr. Wight. Ramuli striulati flexuosi juniores compressi. Pefioli (su- periores) 2-11 cent. longi teretiusculi antice canaliculati nas- centes eque ac ramuli vix omnino glabri sed quandoque pilis | Microscopicis inspersi. Folia supra nitida nervisque per- tensa, subtus ad lentem impresso-punctata, pellucido-punc- tata, marginibus leviter revoluta, 15-11 cent. longa, 43-7 lata, nervis subtus prominentibus, infimo tenuissimo marginali et Sequenti utrinque fere e basi exortis, tertio ad 1 cent. distan- tiam orto cum medio ad apicem ducto, anastomosibus trans- _ Yetsis prominulis reticulatis. Amenta in sicco nigricantia, Pedunculis 2 cent. longis sustenta, remotiflora, juniora 4 cent. longa, : ALIE AC , Ejusdem varietas videtur specimen foliis subovatis obtusa- tis vel brevi-acuminatis 7 -pli-vel 9-plinerviis insigne, alioquin autem plane conforme. Ep e 3. Muldera Wightiana ; foliis ovatis vel ovato-ellipticis obli- . que acuteque acuminatis, basi subæquali rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis septuplinerviis, nervis 3 mediis ad 558 ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. apicem continuatis (subtus rubentibus) membranaceo- coriaceis pellucido-punctatis, amentis (masc.) longe pedun- culatis filiformibus elongatis folium superantibus patulis vel reflexis dissitifloris, cyathis reflexis clavato-galeatis infra apicem rima transversa antice apertis intus hir- tellis. In Courtallum, legit Dr. Wight, anno 1835. Haud longe distat a M. recurva, foliis autem summis haud lanceolatis et cyathi forma facile distingui potest. Rami teretes striati, ramuli compressi. Petioli 1-13 cent. longi. Folia 7-10 cent. longa, 4-5 lata, subæquilatera, apice incurva, marginibus leviter revoluta, subtus ad lentem albido- punctata; nervi infimi e basi in anastomoses marginales cito dissoluti ; quandoque adhuc ad imam basin nervulus acces- sorius tenuissimus accedit; summi ad 4-1 cent. distantiam liberi cum nervo medio percurrente per anastomoses ad apicem continuati, in sicco leviter rubentes; anastomoses transverse haud crebræ sed prominulæ et reticulate. Pe- dunculi 14 cent. longi, nascentes haud prorsus glabri. Amenta nondum florentia 7-11 cent. longa filiformia plerum- que flexuosa. Stipule peliolares fugaces parvæ lineares puberulæ et ciliolatæ. Stipula oppositifolia | cent. longa lanceolata carinato-convoluta recurvata basi vix omnino glabra. Alia exstant specimina, amentorum et stipularum indole omnino conformia, sed folis paullo recedentia, specifice tamen vix diversa. Folia media ovato-elliptica subseptupli- nervia, summa lanceolata quintupli- vel septuplinervia æqui- latera breviter acuminata, basi subæquali obtusa 10-12 cent. longa, 3-4 lata. ; x 4. Muldera multinervis; foliis superioribus ovatis vel ellip- tico-ovatis breviter acuteque acuminatis subæquilateris basi subæquali rotundatis, septupli-vel subnovemplinerviis; nervo medio ad apicem, lateralibus duobus fere ad eum perductis, membranaceo-coriaceis obsolete pellucido-punc- tatis utrinque glabris, amento foemineo breviter pedunculato ANNOTATIONES IN PIPERACEAS. 559 folio duplo breviore glabro subconfertifloro, cyathis trans- verse fissis, labio exteriore concavato, baccis depressis, stigmatibus 3 coronatis. Malabar, (Dr. Wight, 1837). Precedenti affinis. Nodi crassi; internodia teretia vel angulata substriata. Petioli 1-2 cent. longi antice canalicu- lati. Folia 12-14 cent. longa, 64-7 lata parum inæquilatera, in acumen breve acutum subobliquum attenuata, marginibus parumper revoluta, utrinque levia glabra, subtus pallidiora, adlentem fortiorem punctata; e nervo medio paullo supra basin utrinque duo nervi exoriuntur, quorum inferior ad 3, - sequens ultra 4 alt. adscendit; ad 1-2 cent. distantiam a basi utrinque adhuc nervus oritur, qui cum eodem lateris oppositi, cui plerumque haud oppositus est, aream lanceolatam includit, infra apicem finitus ; anastomoses transverse parum promi- nulæ, Amenta pedunculo 4 cent. longo sustenta, 6 cent. fere longa erecta glabra. Cyathi aperti bilabi, labio exteriore con- cavo, inferiore planiusculo obtuso ; bacce depresso-globosæ us Piperis nigri similes, stigmatibus 3 lanceolatis recurvis puberulis coronate. ARTANTHE, Mig. l. Artanthe fuberculata, Syst. Pip. p. 497. Banks of the river Guayaquil, (Jameson). Orronia, Spr. 1. Ottonia diversifolia, Kunth.—Syst. Pip. 538. Rio, (Scouler). | Ejusdem forma grandifolia, foliis 12-15 cent. longis, 54-7 latis, inæquilateris, in medio latissimis, habitu peculiari ari sed nullo certo charactere distincto.— Cum præ- Amstelædami, Junii, 1846. 560 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. Revue de la Famille des Sım ARoUvBÉEs, par J. E. PLANCHON, Docteur-às- Sciences. La revue qui va suivre n'est que l'application des vues générales qu'une étude attentive des Simaroubées, m'a fait prendre des limites et des affinités de ce groupe. Si je me décide à faire paraître en premier lieu ce qui devrait plus naturellement suivre des considérations générales, je ne manquerai pas de publier ces dernières afin de justifier les changements et les additions que j'ai introduits ici sans autre explication que les caractères méme des sections naturelles, et des genres en particulier. Je tácherai également de présenter un tableau des affinités réciproques et de la distri- bution géographique des plantes dont on ne trouve ici que des descriptions. SIMARUBACE;E. Simarubaceæ auct. Terebinthacearum, Zanthoxylearum, Ochnacearum, Polygalearum genera, auct. : Flores abortu diclines aut polygami, rarius hemaphroditi, regulares. Calyx 3-5 divisus. Petala totidem, divisuris calycinis alterna, æstivatione valvata v. valvato-involuta, non raró imbricativa. Stamina numero petalorum v. dupla, sub margine v. inter lobos disci hypogyni inserta, filamentis intus basi squamula adnata appendiculatis, rarius nudis; antheris bilocularibus introrsis, in genere unico extrorsis. Ovaria 2-5, gynophoro plus minus evoluto insidentia, nunc libera, stylis apicalibus supra basim in unum confluentibus, nunc connata, stylis a basi concretis. Ovula in carpello v. loculo 1-2 raris- simi 4-5, secundum conformationem variam angulo interno varie affixa, si anatropa sub apice loculi, si amphitropa versus | medium, si demum semi-anatropa supra basin, unde suspensa» v. peritropa v. ascendentia evadunt. Fructus e carpellis - liberis v. connatis, drupaceus, nucamentaceus, rarises sama- roideus v. capsularis. Carpella ex ovulo solitario v. aborts | a CT S TERENTIA SUR LES SIMAROUBEES. 561 sæpius monosperma, rarius 2-4 sperma. Semina integu- mento semper membranaceo, umbilico non carunculato, cha- laza colorata sepius lata. Albumen nullum, v. parcum, rarissime crassum, carnosum, Embryo in seminibus anatropis rectus, radicula versus micropylem, apice cotyledonum ver- $us chalazam directo; in semi-anatropis rectus, apice cotyle- = donuma chalaza plus minus distante; in amphitropis hippo- . €repicus vel medio conduplicatus; cotyledones plano-con- vexæ, v. subfoliaceæ, rarissime contortuplicatæ v. conferru- minatæ ; radicula semper supera. Suffrutices v. arbores excelsæ; foliis alternis exstipulatis abrupte v. impari-pinnatis, rarius bipinnatis v. simplicibus, foliolis non raro alternis, basi plus minus obliquis, integerri- mis v. glanduloso-serratis, nunquam pellucido-punctatis, floribus sæpissime fasciculato-umbellatis, fasciculis in race- mos, v. cymas divaricatas, vel paniculas digestis, rarius in axilla foliorum solitariis. Sapor partium omnium plus minus intense amarus ; pubes, um ad est simplex, rufescens v. albida; glandulæ foliorum marginales interdum pellucida, sed resinosæ, nec, ut in Zan- thoxyleis, oleo volatili scatentes. Tribus I. SIMARUBEZ. Simarubaceæ, auct. Stamina numero petalorum dupla, filamentis intus squamula interdum minima auctis. Ovaria libera, uniovulata; em- bryo rectus. Gen. I. Quassra, DC. Ad. Juss. Quassiæ, sp. L. et pl. auct. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx parvus quinquepartitus. Pe- _ tala calyce multo majora, membranacea, æstivatione con- torta, sub anthesi non patentia. Stamina 10 exserta, Squamula basilari brevi. Ovaria 5. Stylus (e quinque connatis) gracilis, longus, contortus, stigmate 5 lobo termi- natus, Carpella 5, drupacea. ^ VOL, v. TT 562 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. Arbor glaberrima, folis alternis, impari-pinnatis, junioribus interdum unifoliatis, petiolo alato, foliolis oppositis oblongo obovatis, integerrimis, membranaceis; racemo terminali simplici v. ramoso, sepius solitario; floribus coccineis majusculis, breviter pedicellatis.—Sp. unica que Quassia amara, L. fil. DC. Prod 1, p. 733. Per Americam tropicam late diffusa et frequentissime culta. Surinam, Dr. Hostmann ; Santa Martha, Purdie; Columbia, Cuming, n. 1136; ins. St. Vincent, Rev. L. Guilding; Jamaica, Dr. Distan; Demerara, Parker; Maranham, . Gardner, n. 5982... Oes. Genus inter affines consistentia partium membranacea insignis, ut Triphasia inter Aurantieas. Gen. IL. SaMADERA, Gaertn. Ad. Juss. Mem. Rut. p. 133, tab. 27, n. 46. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx brevis 4-partitus laciniis extus basi 1-2 glandulosis. Petala 4 (non raro 3-5) calice multo longiora, crassiuscula. Stamina 8-inclusa, squamula ba- silari brevi. Ovaria 4. Styli basi liberi mox in unum coaliti. Stigma acutum. Drupæ siccæ, plus minus com- presse, quaternz vel sæpius abortu solitariæ. Arbores v. arbusculæ, foliis simplicibus, breviter petiolatis, | integerrimis, rigidis, eximie reticulato-venosis, subtus ad uec ortum nervi medii biglandulosis ; pedunculis axillaribus vel terminalibus, strictis, longis, apice compresso subdilatatis, s ecd iei “Majusculos, flabellato-umbellatos pan qe XO Sp. 1: Sada Pus, Quertas (mei T; tub: 156, fig. infera Wight ill. of Ind. bot. tab. 68. S. arborea, foliis ellipticis, pedunculo florifero folio subæquali vel longiore; fructu lentieulari compresso, circiter 2 poll. longo 1-} lato, venis epicarpii sub nr pid vix conspicuis. as | Ind. or; Ceylon, Col. Walker ; Intake Malay. | 2. Samadera lucida, Wall. pl. as. rar. vol. II. us 168. S. arbuscula, foliis ellipticis, pedunculo florifero folio m: piece fructu lenticulari vue vix non pollicen SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 563 longo, superficie eximie nervoso-reticulata, pericarpio cras- siusculo. . Indie Or. prov. Amherst, Wail. cat. n. 1062. 3. Samadera Madagascariensis, Ad. Juss. Mem. Rut. tab. 27, f. 46. Niola, Lamk. ill. tab. 299. S. arbuscula, pedunculo foliis longiore, fructu compresso cap- sulæformi, pericarpio non crasso, (ex Ad. Juss.) In insula? Madagascar. Species mihi ex iconibus tantum nota, precedenti affinis, sed petalis multo brevioribus diversa. Samadera glandulifera, Presl. symb. bot. 1, tab. 51, (ex Walpers), est verisimiler S. Indica. Glandule ad basin folii in omnibus speciebus observantur. Gen. IH. Simapa, Aubl. Juss. Kunth. A. S. H. Ad. Juss. Mem. Rut. p. 132, tab. 27, n. 45. Aruba, Aubl.—Zwingera, Lehreb.—Phyllostemma, Neck.— Quassiæ sp. Rich. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx parvus 4-5 divisus. Petala |. 4-5 longiora, patentia. Stamina 8-10 non exserta, squama staminum longa sepe bifida. Ovaria 4-5 gynophoro in- Sidentia, stylis basi liberis mox in unum coalitis, lobulis Stigmaticis 4-5 terminatum. Carpella 4-5 drupacea, sæpe exsucca. . Arbores v, frutices Americæ tropicæ, foliis alternis, impari v. -abrupte pinnatis, numero et situ foliolorum valde ludentibus, interdum unifoliolatis vel ternatis, foliolis integerrimis, co- . riaceis, glaberrimis v. pubentibus aut subvelutinis, sæpius - Blaucescentibus; flores non raro majusculi, pube vel to- - - mento adpresso interdum sericeo vestiti, fasciculato-con- gesti, fasciculis nunc axillaribus, nunc racemosis, nune in _ paniculam ramosissimam pyramidalem collectis. | “9 l. Simaba Guyanensis, Aub. Guy. 1. p. 400, tab. 153. S. foliis i impari-pinnatis, 1-3 jugis, foliolis oblongis utrinque acuminatis, apice emarginatis, fasciculis florum axillaribus (ex Aubl .)5 racemis axillaribus (ex DC. qui plantam vidit) ; : oe pro genere parvis. - TT? — [n monte Corcovado, prope Rio de Janeiro. Sp: mihi ignotas 564 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. Guyana, Aubl. Specimina sub oculis habeo e variis locis Guyane, Surinamo, Hostmann, n. 144; Cayenna, Mart.; et ex Insula St. Vin- centii, Rev. L. Guilding, forsan ad plantam Aubletii refe- renda, sed cum icone rudi et verisimiliter erronea non plane quadrantia : in illis fascicula florum in racemum axillarem simplicem v. basi ramosum extenduntur. Cæterum eadem specimina cum specie sequente exacte conveniunt, nisi folia in illis sunt semper impari, nec, ut in specie Ku nthiana, abrupte pinnata. 2. Simaba Orinocensis, Kunth in H. et Bonpl. nov. gen. et sp. 6, p. 14, tab. 604 a et 5. S. foliis trifoliatis v. abrupte 2-3 jugis, foliolis oblongis, ob- tusis, racemis terminalibus, simplicibus vel ramosis. In arenosis calidis, ad Orinocum, prope Carachana, Humb. et Bonpl.; an satis a precedente diversa? 3. Simaba multiflora, Ad. Juss. Mem. Rut. tab. 27, n. 45 4: Præter analysim floris indescripta. Guyana. 4. Simaba subcymosa, A. S. H. et Tul,in ann. des sc. mat. nouv. ser. vol. 17, p. 137. S. foliis glaberrimis, imparipinnatis, foliolis ellipticis v. ob- _ longo-ellipticis, apice obtusissimo rotundatis v. lupe datis; panicule foliis brevioris ramis cymosis. . . ex auct affinis Sim. suaveolente. 5. Simaba floribunda, A. S. H. pl. rem. Bras. et Par. vol. r p- 126, tab. 10. S. foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis lanceolato ellipticis, v- : longis, obtusiusculis, neo» panicula magna, composita- (A. S. H.) Brasilia, in parte provinciæ Minas Geraes, que dicitur Minas novas, A. S. H. ; Minas Geraes, Langsdorff i in herb. Hook. 6. Simaba imaveblené, A. S. H. l. c. p. 128, tab. 11 A. S. foliis abrupte pinnatis, superioribus trifoliatis aut simp!" _ cibus, foliolis ellipticis v. e ngo Ly cemis compositis, (A. S. H.) * SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 565 Brasilia, in provincia Minas Geraes. 7. Simaba cuneata, A. S. H. et Tul. l. c. p. 138. Simaba levis ? casaretto ex Walp. repert. bot. vol. 5, p. 398. S. caule arboreo ; ramulis glabris ; foliis imparipinnatis, gla- berrimis ; foliolis obovato cuneatis, obtusissimis; panicula laxa foliis multo longiore. Squamæ longiusculæ, lineares bifidæ ; ovaria tomentoso-villo- sissima, In maritimis prope, Rio de Janeiro. 8. Simaba ferruginea, A. S. H. pl. rem. Bras. et Par. 1, p. 127, et Flor. Bras. merid. 1, p. 72. S. foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis ellipticis, pubescentibus, subtus nervosis, panicula composita, subsessili, folio bre- viore. TFN in provincie Minas Geraes parte deserta, Certaó icta. 9. Simaba glandulifera, Gardn. in Hook. Lond. Jour. of Bot. 2 p. 169 Simaba insignis, A. S. H. et Tul. in ann. des sc. nat. nouv. ser, Y. 17, p.137. Simaba longifolia, Casaretto ex Walp. repertor. bot. 5, p. 397. S. arbuscula ; foliis maximis, abrupte pinnatis, foliolis an- gustis utrinque attenuatis, glandula terminatis; panicula magna composita rufo tomentosa. Hab. in monte Corcovado, Gardn. n. 20, Casaretto ; etin mon- tibus Sierra da Estrella prope Rio de Janeiro, Guillem. 10. Simaba trichilioides, A. S. H. pl. rem. Bras. et Par. I, p. _ 129, tab. 2 B. e, Fl. Bras. mer. 1, p. 72. frutescens; foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis late ellipticis, Obtusissimis, apice mucronulatis, supra pubescentibus, sub- tus subtomentosis v. glabris, floribus poll. et ultra longis, . Secus paniculæ subsimplicis ramos strictos fasciculato-con- gestis, Sp. valde variabilis ; sed, floribus longis extus adpresso rufo _Sericeis, squamisque staminum in tubum longum adproxi- matis facile cognoscenda ; ludit petiolo communi foliolisque i obtusis v, subcordatis, glabris vel utrinque rufo tomen- tosis, panieula subsimplici vel ramosa. 566 SUR LES SIMAROUBEES. In campis occidentaibus provincie Minas Geraes, A. S. H., in provinciis Piauhy et Pernambuco, Gardn. n. 2515 et 2804 ; et in Guyana, Schomburgk, n. 955. 11. S. Cedron, sp. nov. S. trunco simplici, erecto, gracili; foliis maximis, cum impari 20- et ultra-jugis foliolis angustis ellipticis, glandula apicu- latis, glabris, supra livide virentibus, subtus pallidis, ra- cemis longis, floribus, fere S. trichilioidis. Arbor ob vires febrifugas celebris ad ripas fluminis Magda- lene, prope pagum San Paplo, Nove Granade, Purdie, in herb. Hook. Gen. IV. Hannoa, Gen. nov. . Simabe sp. dubia, Guill. et Perrot. Flores diclines (an polygami ?) Masc. Calyx primum clausus, subglobosus, mox in lacinias 5 plus minus subbilabiatim connatas ruptus. Petala 5 oblonga, æstivatione marginibus leviter imbricata. Stamina 10, exteriora 5 petalis opposita ceteris breviora. Filamenta subulata cum apice squamæ anguste, ciliate, fere continua. Anthere ovate, bilocula- res, medio dorso affixæ, oscillantes. Discus annuliformis, elevatus, ovarium mentiens, verticaliter 10-sulcum, basi gy- nophoro adnatum, apice pervio stylulos 5 exserens. Ovaria 5 verisimiliter effocta, libera, inter se approximata, disco subvelata. Flor. fem. ignoti: drupe 1-3, monosperma. | Arbor erecta, 15-20 pedes alta, foliis alternis, cum impar - 2-4 jugis, foliolis oppositis, oblongo-obovatis, apice rotun- - datis, mucrune latiusculo subcomplicato glanduloso ter - minatis, basi cuneata in petiolum longum attenuatis, mar- gine integerrimo subundulatis, coriaceis, glauco viridibus; nervo medio utrinque prominulo, lateralibus tenuibus im- mersis; panicula terminali foliis breviore; floribus sub- cymoso fasciculatis pedicellisque 1-2 lin, longis pube pas : _issima cinerea indutis. Dixi in honorem cel. Hanno, qui primus naves IR REEE sium secus oras Africæ occidentalis ignaris et p. ipsum diu om perduxit. SUR LES SIMAROUBEES. 567 Species unica Hannoa undulata. Simaba ? undulata, Guillem. et Perrot. fl. Seneg. p. 136, tab. 34. Crescit ad ripas fluminis Gambiæ circa Albreda, Perrot, Heudelot, n. 435, in herb. Hook. Gen. V. SrMARUBA, Aubl. Flores diclines. Calyx parvus 5 divisus. Petala 5 sub an- thesi, apice patentia, æstivatione imbricata. Masc. Sta- mina 10, non exserta, sub disco gynophori basim ambiente inserta ; squamula filamentorum brevi. Ovariorum rudi- menta lobuliformia minuta v. nulla. «min. rudimenta staminum squamiformia, hirsuta, gynophoro vix longiora. Ovaria 5, uniovulata. Styli supra basim connati. Stigma quinquelobum, Drupæ 5 vel abortu pauciores. Arbores Americae tropicæ, foliis alternis, imparipinnatis, fo- liolis sæpius alternis, integerrimis, coriaceis, glaucescen- . tibus, glaberrimis v. rarius pube simplici densa subtus indutis, floribus non conspicuis, in cymulas paniculatas dis- positis. Sp. 1. Simaruba officinalis, Aubl, Guy. 2, p. 856, tab. 331-332. S. foliolis sæpius apice subacuminatis, subtus pubescentibus. Hab. in Guyana, Aubl. ; et in insul. Caribeis ? DC. prod. 2. S. versicolor, A. S. H. pl. us. tab. 5. S. foliolis apice obtusissimis, emarginatis, subtus glaberrimis v. molliter pubescentibus, petalis submembranaceis, revo- . luto patentibus. d in Brasilia, Gardner, n. 1513; Blanchet, n. 3142 et 27. gee 3. S. glauca, DC. prod. 1, p. 733. S. officinalis! Mac Fad. flor. of Jamaic. mee S. foliolis glaberrimis, apice obtusissimis, petalis crassis. ab. in insula Cuba, DC. H.B.K. et in Jamaica, Mac _ Fadyen in herb. Hook. uer i M ; Gen. VI. CasrELA, Turp. Flores dioici. Calyx brevis, 4 fidus. Petala 4 non longa, . stivatione subcontortim imbricata. Masc. Stamina 8, sub 568 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. margine disci carnosi, plani, octo crenati inserta, inclusa, alterna petalis opposita cæteris paulo breviora: filamentis subulatis, superne glabris, intus ad basim imam squamula brevissima, pilosa, adnata, appendiculatis : pistilli rudimen- tum 0 v. rarissime, (fide Cl. Hook.) lobuliforme minutum. Fem. Stamina abortiva. Ovaria 4 gynophoro abbreviato insidentia, approximata ; stylis apicalibus ima basi liberis, mox spatio brevi coadnutatis, iterum distinctis, revoluto patentibus, latere interno stigmatosis, (in C. depressa ex icon. Turpiniana verisim. erronea, styli fere ad apicem con- nati.) Ovula in carpello quoque solitaria. Baccæ 4, di- vergentes endocarpio crustaceo a sarcocarpio tenui, ama- rissimo non solubili. Semen ovatum, funiculo lato brevis- simo angulo interno loculi versus medium insertum, semi- anatropum, micropyle supera; raphe-brevi; chalaza latis- sima colorata ; integumento membranaceo ; albumine parco embryonis recti radicula supera cotyledonibus ce plano convexis. Suffrutices Americani inter et extra tropicos hæmisphæri utriusque observati, habitu ingrato, rhamnoideo, ramis depressis v. erectis, parce foliatis, spinis supra v. infra? ? axillaribus armatis, foliis Oleæ v. Rhamni Alaterni, sim- plicibus, alternis, exstipulatis, petiolis brevibus v. sub- nullis, cum ramo articulatis, floribus minutis, inconspicuis, viridescenti rubentibus, in fasciculos axillares sæpius depau- peratos collectis. —— Sp. 1. Castela depressa, Turpin in Ann. du Mus. vol. 7. C. foliis ovali oblongis, basi subcordatis, sessilibus, subtus. ramulisque incanis; spinis axillaribus ; stylo indiviso gra- cili (fide Turpin.) In insula Sanct. Domingi, Turpin. 2. C. Nicholsonii, Hook. bot. misc. 1, p. 271, tab. 56. C. foliis oblongis, basi sepius acutis, subtus ramulisque in- cano-sericeis ; spinis axillaribus; stylis 4 supra basii con- natis, mox liberis revoluto patentibus. In insula Antigua, Dr. Nicholson in herb. Hook. ; in aud. bus Texas, Amer. septentrionalis, Drummond in- Hook.; nec non in insulis Gallipagos, Oceani Pacifici, non SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 569 procul ab oris Peruvie superioris, Darwin in herb. Hook. fil. - 3. C. erecta, Turp. 1. c. C. foliis lanceolatis, breviter petiolatis, cortice fusco, glabro? (non tomentoso, Turp.) spinis infra axillaribus, floribus fere C. depressæ an ideo stylus indivisus ? (Turpin.) - In insula Sanct. Domingi, Turp. 4. C. Tweedii, nov. sp. C. foliis lineari oblongis, breviter petiolatis, utrinque acutis, integerrimis, glabris; spinis junioribus axillaribus, vetus- tioribus secus ramos denudatos persistentibus, elongatis, ramulos stipantibus, pseudo infra-axillaribus, floribus (mas- culis) 5-7 axillaribus, fasciculatis. In provinciis Parana et Banda oriental, Brasilie extratropice, Tweedie in herb. Hook. 5. C. alaternifolia, nov. sp. C. foliis breviter petiolatis, ovali oblongis, utrinque acutis, remote subspinoso denticulatis, v. integris, glabris; spinis ramulorum axillaribus, brevibus, floribus (foemineis) 2-3 in ramulo abbreviato, bracteolato, breviter pedicellatis ; stylis superne liberis, revoluto patentibus. Chili absque loco proprio, Herb. Hook. Tribus I]. HARRISONIEZ. Stamina numero petalorum dupla, filamentis intus squamula parva appendiculatis. Ovaria connata, uniovulata. Em- bryo intra albumen parcissimum conduplicatus. - .. Gen. I. Harrisona, Rob. Br. MSS. ex Ad. Jussieu, Mem. Rut. p. 134. : Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx parvus 4 fidus. Petala 4 calice longiora æstivatione subvalvata. Stamina 8 filamentis in- tus ad basim squamula bifida, ciliata, auctis, Ovario 4, . Bynophoro brevi inserta, in unum quadrilobum, 4 loculare concreta. Styli basi ima distincti (Ad. Juss), mox ad apicem connati. Bacca parva, globoso quadriloba, endo- carpio non solubili; semen subglobosum ex apice loculi suspensum, campulitropum; embryonis viridescentis cotyle- -. dones complanatæ, crassiuscule, versus medium condupli- 570 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES, catæ ; albuminis lamina tenui intra plicam cotyledonum extensa. Frutex Archipelagi Malayani, nec non Oræ Novæ Hollandiæ septentrionalis, ramis gracilibus, spinis acutis, raris sparsis, - interdum ad basim foliorum, geminatis armatis, foliis alter- nis, exstipulatis, tri- v. rarius unifoliatis, foliolis ovato oblon- gis, integris v. basi dentatis, membranaceis, exsiccatione fuscescentibus, cymulis axillaribus pedunculatis; floribus inconspicuis, pedicellis basi bracteolatis. Sp. unica. Harrisonia Brownii, Ad. Juss. Mem. Rut, tab. 28, n. 47; Gaudich. voy. Freyc. tab. 103. ES insula Timor, All. Cunningh.in herb. Hook.; in insulis ` Zebu et Bohol Philippinarum, Cuming, Keii Philipp. n. 1780 et 1828 ; et in ore septentrionali, Nove Hollandie, Ill. Rob, Br. ex Cl. Bennett. Gen. II. Lasiouepis, Bennett, pl. Jav. rar. Omnia præcedentis ad quod forsan, non obstantibus floribus pentameris, melius esset referendum. Sp. unica. Las. Bennetii. Frutex ramis flexuosis, aculeatis, foliolis ovato oblongis, le- viter crenulatis, pubescentibus v. glabris. Var. a. paucijuga, Lasiolepis paucijuga, Benn. loc. cit. Foliolis 3-5 jugis. — : In insula Java, Zollinger, n. 493; in insula Luzon Philippi- a narum, Cuming. n. 450. Var. multijuga.—L. multijuga, Benn. loc. cit. Foliolis 9-12 jugis. ; In insula Mindanao Philippinarum, Cuming. n. 1633. Trib. III. AitANTHEJ. 3 Stamina numero petalorum v. dupla, filamentis nudis. Ovara —— in floribus 3-5-meris 2-5, libera v. connata, 1 rarius 2 ovu- — — lata. Carpella indehiscentia baccata, nucamentacea V- m samaroidea ; monosperma, altera sæpius effoeta; ane parcum v. nullum ; embryonis recti vel subaru t SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. ` 571 cula semper supera, cotyledones plano convex, rarius contortuplicatæ v. in massam indivisam concretæ. Gen. T. AinaNTHUS, Desf. in act. Acad. Par. ann. 1786; P. 263, tab. 8. Tarrietia? Blume, bijdr. W 227: Flores polygami. Calyx brevis, 5 fidus. Petala 5 oblonga, æstivatione induplicato valvata, demum patentia, margini- bus inferne leviter involutis villosa. Mase. Stamina 10- petalis subzequalia sub disco plicato, 5 lobo, inserta. Ova- riorum rudimenta inter se distincta. Hermaphrod. (v fœmin.?) Stamina abortu pauciora. Ovaria 5 distincta, compressa. Styli totidem antice infra apicales, subliberi, apice dilatato intus stigmatosi. Samare 5 v. sepius abortu pauciores, oblongæ, intus versus medium leviter emarginatæ, monospermæ. Semen subperitrope suspen- sum, integumento membranaceo, hilo elongato hinc mi- cropyli superze, illinc chalazæ sub-anticæ (nec micropyli e diametro opposite) proximo. Embryo intra laminam al- buminis tenuem rectus ; radicula brevis, cotyledones cras- siuscule plane. = Arbores excelsæ, inter et extra tropicos Indiæ crescentes, 1 folis impari v. abrupte pinnatis, foliolis petiolulatis, basi inequilateris, grosse glanduloso dentatis v. integerrimis, non pellucido punctatis, livide virescentibus et fcetidis, membranaceis, glabris v. pube simplice rufo-cinerea, deter- gibili, indutæ, paniculis ad apices ramorum foliosorum sub- terminalibus, laxis, multifloris; floribus polygamis, incon- Spicuis, virescentibus ; pedicellis longiusculis, basi bracteo- . datis, subfasciculatis. — Sp. 1. Ailanthus excelsa, Roxb. Corom. tab. 23 ; Wight ill. of Ind. bot. 1, tab. 67. a à A. foliis magnis, abrupte pinnatis, foliolis longe petiolatis, basi valde obliquis, grosse dentatis. ; In Montibus Circars, Ind. Orientalis, versus oram Coroman- delie. ds 2. Ailanthus glandulosa, Desf. 1. c. ; L?Herit. Stirp. tab. 84. 572 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES, A. foliis imparipinnatis, foliis basi grosse glanduloso dentatis, v. rarius subintegris. -In China ! et Moluccis ? indigena, nunc in Europa presertim australi frequentissime culta. 3. Ailanthus Malabarica, DC. prod. 2, p. 89. Ail. integrifolia B. Lamk, dict. 3, p. 417. Pongelion, Rheed. hort. Malab. 6, tab. 15. A. foliis abrupte pinnatis, foliolis longis, falcatis, integerrimis ; samaris obtusis, inferne connatis? (verisimiliter casu ut in sp. aliis non raro observatur.) In ora Malabarica, Rheed ; Bombay ? Gibson in herb. Hook. Spec. non satis nota. 4. Ailanthus Moluccana, DC. prod. 2, p. 29. A. integrifolia, a. Lamk. Not. 3, p. 217. Arbor celi s. caju langit, Rumph. Amb. 3, p. 205, tab. 132. A. folis abrupte pinnatis, 5-6 jugis, foliolis integerrimis, eglandulosis (Lamk.) ; samaris inter se liberis. Arbor maxima. (Rumph.) In insulis Moluccanis. An ab A. glandulosa satis differt ? Oss. Tarrietia Javanica, Blume, bijdr. p. 227, ab auctore ad Malpighiaceas, a Cl. Endlichero ad caleem sapinda- cearum referta, videtur esse Ailanthi, sp. que foliis 5 folio- latis a precedentibus facile distinguitur. Gen. II. Picrasma, Blume bijdr. p. 247 ; Benn. pl Jav. rar. p. 197 et 198. Nima, Hamilt. MSS. . Quassie sp. Swartz. Simabe sp. Don. Simarube sp. DC. Rhois sp. Bung. Picrena, Lindl. fl. Med. p. 208, Muenteria, Walp. repert. bot. vol. 5. p. 398. Æschryon, Fl. Flum. vol. 1, tab. 152. d Fl. diclines v. polygami? Calyx minutus 4-5 dentatus. Pe- —— tala 4-5 ovata, basi lata, in floribus fœmineis sæpe accreta, SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 573 in masc. marcescentia. Masc. Stamina 4-5 petalis alterna, sub disco crasso inserta, filamentis subulatis inferne pi- losis, antheris parvis. Fem. v. hermaphrod. ? Stamina 0, v.effeeta? Ovaria 3-5 disco crasso insidentia, distincta, stylis totidem apicalibus supra basim in unum concretis. Drupæ 1-3 pisiformes, receptaculo incrassato insertæ, mo- nosperme. Semen plus minus semi anatropus, peri- tropus v. subascendens; integumentum membranaceum, embryo intra albumen carnosum rectus, radicula supera. Arbores in Napalia, China boreali, Java, Antillis, et insula St. Catharine Brasilie meridionalis, observatæ, habitu Ailanthi v. Picramnie, foliis alternis, imparipinnatis, foliolis inte- gerrimis, v. glanduloso dentatis, pari infimo interdum sub- abortivo stipularum formam induente; floribus inconspi- cuis in cymas axillares pedunculatas, versus apicem ra- morum collectis. Partes omnes insigniter amare. Sp. 1. Picrasma Javanica, Blume bijdr. p. 248; Benn. l c. tab. 41. P. foliolis 5-nis (nunc 3-nis) breviter acuminatis, integerrimis, floribus 4-meris. In insula Java, Blume, Horsfield. _ 2. Picrasma Napalensis, Benn. loc. cit. p. 201. P. foliis septenis (nunc 3-nis) longius acuminatis, integerri- mis, floribus 4-meris. In Napalia. 3. Pierasma Quassioides, Benn. l. c. p. 198, in annot. Nima Quassioides, Hamilt. MSS. | Simaba Quassioides, Don. ) _ Brucea Napalensis, Wall. in herb. Hook. (ex collectione pri- - vata, absque numero.) | dies P. foliolis 9-15, acuminatis, serratis, pari infimo interdum stipularum formam induente ; floribus 5-meris ; pube brevi, ferruginea, novella, petiolos, inflorescentiam | induente, sub foliis rariore. 4 Picrasma Ailantho ides. Rhus Ail anthoides, Bunge enum. pl. Chin. bor. p. 15. 574 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. P. (gemma terminali excepta) glaberrima, foliolis 7-11, ovato oblongis, acuminatis, glanduloso serratis, cyma (mascula) brevi, pauciflora, floribus pentameris. ` In China, mont. Zui-wey-Schan, Bunge; (vid. sp. sice. in herb. Hook. e ditissimo Musso Petropolitano communi- catum.) 5. Picrasma excelsa. Quassia excelsa, Sw. fl. Ind. occid. p. 742; Mac. Fad. fl. of Jam. p. 198; Wagner, pl. med. tab. 259. Simaruba ? excelsa, DC. prod. 1, p. 733. Pierena excelsa, Lindl. fl. Med. p. 208. P. foliolis, 9-11, ovato oblongis, obtuse acuminatis, basi obliquis, integerrimis, supra glabris, lucidis, subtus in nervis puberulis v. glabris ; cymis terminalibus, foliis bre- vioribus, dichotomis, pedicellisque brevibus pube brevi, simplici, lutescente, interdum subresinosa, indutis. In sylvis Jamaice, Purdie, in herb. Hook.; et Antigue, Dr. Nicholson. 6. Picrasma Vellozü. Æschryon crenata, Fl. Flum. vol. 1, tab. 152. P. foliolis 9-11 oblongis, basi acuta valde obliquis, remote glanduloso serratis, glabrescentibus, submembranaceis, €y- mis terminalibus pubescentibus, floribus P. excelse. In insula Ste. Catharine, Bras. Meridional., Tweedie. Gen. III. Bacom, Mill. Flores dioico polygami. Calyx4 partitus. Petala 4 minuta; 2 E linearia apice inflexa. Masc. Stamina 4, sub disco 4 — — lobo, glanduliforme, inserta, petalis alterna; filamenta nuda; — antheræ subrotundæ, biloculares, loculis introrsis, connec- — tivo non conspicuo sejunetis. Femin. Stamina 4-effeta, —— (in hermaphrod. fertilia.) Ovaria 4 gynophoro depresso d insidentia, approximata uniovulata. Styli totidem, lineares, breves, subapicales, recurvo-patentes, intus stigmatosi. Drupæ 4 subsiccæ, parvæ, endocarpio rugoso ab epicarpio non solubili. Semen Ailanthi, sed non compressum. Frutices inter Tropicos Africe et insularum Indie vi SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 575 foliis alternis, exstipulatis, imparipinnatis ; foliolis basi ob- liquis, integerrimis vel grosse serratis; glomerulis florum densis, v. cymulis brevibus, in spicas strietas dispositis, floribus inconspicuis, purpurascentibus; pedicellis brevibus basi bracteolatis. Pubes simplex, rufescens, sepius densa, novella, imprimis petiolos, inflorescentiam, imo calyces et petala induens. Sapor amarissimus ; vires, ut plurium affinium, febrifugæ. Sp. I. Brucea antidysenterica, Mill. Br. pubescenti hirsuta; foliolis integris; glomerulis florum interrupte spicatis, calicibus petalisque extus dense hir- tellis. In Abyssinie collibus siccis, prope Adoam, Schimp. F1. Abyss. coll. sect. 1, n. 234. 2. Brucea paniculata, Lamk. dict. s: p. 472. Br. Guineensis, Don, gen. syst. v. 1, p. 800. Br. tenuissime pubescens v. Need foliolis integerri- mis; corymbulis spicatis ; calicibus, inflorescentia, pedicel- i lisque parce et adpresse pilosis. In montibus Sierra Leone, Africe Occidentalis, Smeathem, ex Lamk. ; Don, in herb. Hook. 3. Brucea Sumatrana, Roxb. fl. Ind. vol. p. 449. B. gracilis ? DC. prod. 1, p. 88. Br. velutino pubescens, v. subglabrata ; foliolis grosse den- tatis, floribus masculis in cymulas brevissimas, spicatas condensatis, fœmineis glomerulato spicatis; laciniis caly- .. Ciniis linearibus. In insulis Archip. Malayani; Sumatra, Java, Zollinger, n. | . 214; nee non in continente Ind. Orient. prov. mk Griffith; China, Millett. p Brucea glabrata, Decaisn. Descript. bec Tim. P. EO tab. 20. Br. subglabrata; foliolis remote et obtuse desitatia; floribus - hermaphroditis spicatis ; laciniis calycinis ovatis. bacis Timor, All. Cunningh. in herb. Hook. specim. im- perfect. À præcedente vix diversa. 576 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. Gen. IV. SovrAMEA, Lamk. Dict. 1, 449. Cardiophora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. 2, p. 216. Flores hermaphroditi? Calyx minutus, 3-partitus. Petala 3 linearia, reflexo patentia. Stamina 6 sub disco patelli- formi, trilobo, subbiseriatim inserta. Ovarium compressum, apice emarginatum, biloculare. Stigmata linearia, sessilia, oblique introrsa, inter se distantia. Ovula in loculis solita- ria, angulo interno sub apice loculi suspensa. Capsula inde- hiscens, obcordata, compressa, alato-marginata, bilocularis, disperma. Semina Ailanthi, umbilico nudo, albuminis lamina tenui. Arbuscula Moluccana et Oceanica : folis alternis, exstipula- tis, simplicibus ; petiolo longiusculo, apice subincrassato et sub geniculato nec articulato, lamina obovato-oblonga, in- — tegerrima, membranacea, glabrescente, livide virescente ; floribus minutis, glomerulato spicatis. Sp. unica, Soulamea amara, Lamk. l. c.; Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. 1, p- 188, tab. 16. Rex amaroris, Rumph. Amb. II. p. 129, tab. 40. In Moluccis, Rumph. Gen. V. Picramnia, Sw. ff. Ind. occid. 1, p. 218, tab. 4; (descript. et icon. quoad flores masc. male.) Char. reform. : Flores dioici. Calyx 3-5 partitus. Petala 3-5 linearia, - apicibus acutis æstivatione inflexis. Masc. Stamina 3-5 petalis opposita! sub disco depresso, lobato, inserta, fila- mentis subulatis, nudis, æstivatione inflexis, antheris 1m- trorsis, loculis connectivo crassiusculo sejunctis. Fon. Squamule lineares (stam. rudim.) petalis opposite. Ova- rium disco depresso insidens, 2- rarius 3-loculare loculis. 2-ovulatis. Stylus brevis, 2-3 fidus, divisuris dentiformibus, recurvis, intus stigmatosis. Bacca olivæformis, bi- rarius abortu unilocularis, loculis abortu monospermis. : SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 577 ex septi apice pendulum, facie planum, dorso convexum ; anatropum ; integumentum membranaceum, pallide ru- fescens, embryoni subjecto arcte adhærens. Embryo e massa indivisa constans, puncto radiculari inconspicuo. Frutices Americe tropice, foliis alternis, exstipulatis, impari- pinnatis, foliolis saepius subalternis, basi plus minus obli- quis, integerrimis, rigide membranaceis v. coriaceis, floribus parvis, rubescentibus, glomerulato v. fasciculato-spicatis, spicis sepius oppositifoliis et deflexo-pendulis, non raro geminatis et ramosis. Flores pentameri. Sp. 1. Picramnia pentandra, Sw. fl. Ind. occid. 1, p. 220. P. foliolis 9 ovatis, obtuse acuminatis, glabris, subcoriaceis, nitidis, reticulato-nervosis, paniculæ terminalis ramis stric- tis, adpresse pubescentibus. In insula Montserrat, (Ryan, ex Sw.); et insula Antigua, Nichols. in herb. Hook. specim. imperfect. fructiferum. 2. Picramnia polyantha. Rhus polyantha, Benth. pl. Hartw. p. 60. P. foliolis 9 ovato-lanceolatis, longe acuminatis, supra gla- bris, subtus cano-puberulis v. glabrescentibus, subcoriaceis, paniculæ ramosissimæ floribundæ ramis congestis, bre- vibus v. elongatis, pedicellis et calicibus cano-puberulis, petalis linearibus, acutissimis, atro-purpureis. Mexico, in montibus Chinantla, loco dicto Villa Alta, Hartw. n. 453; et in montibus Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Jur- Sensen, coll. ann. 1843-1844, n. 579. Picramnia Xapalensis, nov. sp. : P. foliolis multis, parvis, sæpius alternis, ovatis v. ovato-lan- . ceolatis, longe acuminatis, basi valde inæquilateris, glabri- Usculis, membranaceis, petiolis nervisque mediis foliorum Subtus pubescentibus, panicula et floribus præcedentis. Mexico, in montibus prope Xalapam, Galeotti, coll. ann. .1840, n. 3506. - ; Se ii Ons. Sp. a congeneribus foliolis numerosis, parvis, membra- naceis, facile distinguenda. VOL. y, E 573 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 4. Picramnia sphærocarpa, nov. sp. P. foliolis 13-15 elliptico-lanceolatis, basi subcordatis, obtuse acuminatis, integerrimis, supra glabris, subtus petiolisque et inflorescentia dense hirtellis; floribus pro genere ma- jusculis, glomerulato-spicatis ; spica ramosa, sepius de- flexa; pedicellis crassis, brevibus ; baccis globosis. Foliola 13-2 poll. longa, 6-10 lin. lata, coriacea, obscure rufo- flavescentia, coriacea, nervo medio supra valde impresso, venis tenuiter immersis, subtus, ut costa, prominentibus; petioluli 1 lin. longi ; bacca cerasiformis, nigra. In regn. Nov. Granat. non procul ab urbe S/a. Fe de Bogota, Purdie. 5. Picramnia Sellowii, nov. sp. ] P. foliolis 7-11 confertis, oblongis, basi valde obliquis, prié E sime acuminatis, supra parce, subtus dense pubescentibus; panicule terminalis v. axillaris folio subbrevioris ramis crassis; calicibus pedicellisque dense pubescentibus. Brasilia, Sellow in herb. Hook. absque loco proprio; Serra de Araripe, Gardn. n. 1532. 6. Picramnia ramiflora, nov. sp. Picramnia foliolis 9-11 sepius alternis, oblongo-lanceolatis, basi cuneatis v. oblique attenuatis, apice cuspidatis, glabris, nervosis, racemis (fructiferis) solitariis v geminatis, sim- plicibus, e ramis infra folia ortis. Brasilia, Gardn. n. 2022 ; Sellow, n. 1277. 7. Picramnia Gardneri, nov. sp. P. foliolis 5-7 siepe alternis, ovatis v. obovatis, perce et obtuse acuminatis, glaberrimis, lucidis, rigide membrana ceis, floribus (masculis) glabriusculis, in glomeralos densos, alterne et interrupte spicatos, collectis. | In Brasilia prope Rio de Janeiro, Gardn. n. 16. Flores trimeri. 8. Picramnia Antidesma, Sw. fl. Ind. dut, p.218. . P. foliolis 7-9 sepe alternis, ovato-lanceolatis, basi plus minus acute obliquis, acuminatis, glabris v. puberulis, ra- cemis spiciformibus terminalibus v. rarissime ne ortis, Rs SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 579 Var. a. foliolis glaberrimis, lucidis, subcoriaceis. Var. B. glabrescens, foliolis subtus in venis pubescentibus, membranaceis. — P. Antidesma, Schlecht. in Linn. .. Cicca macrostachya, Benth. Bot. of the Sulph. Hab. var. a. in fruticetis montium Jamaice et Hispaniole, Sw., Purdie in herb. Hook.—Var. B. in sylvis Xalapensi- bus, Papantlensibus, et ad Tlacolula, regni Mewicani, Schiede; in provincia Teapa, Galeotti, n. 824; et in pro- . vincia Guadalajara, prope pagum San Blas, Dr. Sinclair. . 9. Picramnia ciliata, Mart. in Flor. vol. 22, beibl. p. 20, ex = Walp. Rep. P. ramulis novellis, rachidibus foliorum, paniculisque pu- benti-tomentosis ; foliolis ovato-lanceolatis v. lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi inæquali rotundatis, supra nitidis, subtus pubescentibus, margine ciliatis; floribus masculis, trimeris, triandris. (Mart. l. c.) In sylvis Brasilie, prope Rio de Janeiro. Gen. VI. Picropenpron, Nov. gen. Rhois sp. auct. Flores ignoti. Drupa subglobosa, carne tenui, amarissima, nucleo duro, non solubili, indehiscente, revera bilocularis loculis 2-spermis, sed abortu unilocularis, monosperma. Septum evolutione seminis ad parietem loculi dejectum. Semen ex apice loculi pendulum, irregulariter ovatum, an- tice profunde 1-sulcum, inferne bilobum ; micropyle su- pera, umbilico subcontigua; integumentum membrana- Ceum ; raphe intra suleum seminis antice excurrens, in . Chalazam linearem nigram, inter seminis lobos inferiores terminata, Albumen 0. Cotyledones plicatze, conferruminatæ. or excelsa; foliis alternis, exstipulatis, trifoliolatis, pe- : tiolo longo, re oblongis basi subæquali in petiolum . longiusculum attenuatis, gue mucronulatis, margine tenui, revoluto, minutissime subcrenulatis, supra livide vi- rentibus, glabris, subtus glauco-lutescentibus, secus nervos puberulis, chartaceis, inter reticulum nervulorum translu- voz 580 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. centibus (nec tamen pellucide punctatis) ; pedunculis soli- tariis, unifloris, fructu ceraso communi majore. Picrodendron arboreum. Rhus arborea, DC. prod. 2, p. 73; Mac Fadyen, fl. of Jam. In montibus Jamaice, Mac Fadyen, in herb. Hook. Tribus IV. SPATHELIEX. Stamina numero petalorum, filamentis intus squamula ad- nata, bifida v. profunde bipartita auctis (in Spath. gla- brescente nudis.) Ovaria discreta v. in unum connata, locu- lis 1-5 ovulatis. Genus I. SPATHELIA, L. Flores polygami. Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis æstivatione val- vatis v. subvalvatis, demum patentibus. Petala 5, calice non multum longiora, æstivatione imbricata. Masc. Sta- mina 5, petalis alterna, filamentis complanato-subulatis, sepius intus ab basim squamula bifida, adnata, appendicu- - latis, nunc nudis! Ovarii rudimentum conicum, apice tridentulatum, gynophoro brevissimo insidens. Hermaph. Stamina maris. Ovarium trigonum, triloculare. Stylus brevis, apice trifidus, divisuris intus stigmatosis. Ovula -in loculo quoque gemina, angulo interno sub apice affixa, anatropa, pendula. Drupa (ex Gaertn. carp. I. pl. 279; tab. 58, f. 3,) exsucca, triquetro-alata, trilocularis, puta- mine lapideo ab endocarpio non solubili, ovato, acuminato, _ seta rigida pedunculato, rotundo-trigono, angulis atque D culamentis appendice teretiuscula superne in mucronem | promente, interne autem canaliculata atque resina fluida scatente, stipatis. Semen in loculo singulo unicum, tere- tiusculum, utrinque acuminatum, facie leviter unisulcum 5 integumentum simplex, e fibris transversis, cocculi bom- bycini adinstar contextum, antice eum endocarpio longitu- dine tota concretum. Albumen crassiusculum, carnosum- album. Embryo longitudine seminis, cotyledonibus lineari- ; oblongis, compressis, tenuibus, radicula brevissima, supera. - Arbores Antillanæ, monticole, proceræ et speciosæ, folis alternis, exstipulatis, amplis, abrupte multijugis, rachi nuda vel intra foliola angustissime marginata foliolis lineari-ob- SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 581 longis, basi obliquis, sepius faleatis, minutissime v. grosse crenatis, margine revoluto minute glanduliferis, impunc- tatis; paniculæ terminalis, vaste, pyramidalis, ramis ex- tremis subeymosis ; floribus non magnis, pallide v. vivide rubentibus, breviter pedicellatis ; bracteis, minutissimis, lineari- subulatis. Sp. 1. Spathelia simplex, L. sp. pl. ed. 2, vol. 1, p. 386; Ker, in bot. reg. tab. 670. Sp. foliolis magnis, lineari-oblongis, falcatis, crenatis, subtus petioloque communi obtuso trigono puberulis; filamentis staminum appendiculatis. In montibus Jamaice, Purdie, in herb. Hook. 2. Spathelia glabrescens, nov. sp. Glabrescens, foliolis magnis, lineari-oblongis, falcatis, basi obtusis, minutissime crenulatis, petiolo communi angulato, v. tereti filamentis staminum exappendiculatis ! Folia 2-3 ped. longa; foliola sæpius alterna, 2-3 poll. longa, 8-10 lin. lata, breviter petiolata, basi obtusa, apice in mu- cronem latum glandulosum producta, margine tenui, vix non revoluto, minute crenulato, glandulis resinosis, con- spicue pellucidis, crenaturæ singulæ interjectis ; nervi late- rales venzeque utrinque tenues ; pubes supra frondescentiam vix nulla. versus ramos panicule extremos. et pedicellos, rara, cinerascenti, pulverulenta. In montibus Jamaice, Dr. Distan, in herb. Hook. 3. Spathelia vernicosa, nov. sp. - - Glaberrima, vernicoso-lucida ; foliolis parvis, oblongo-el- lipticis, utrinque obtusis, crenato-serratis, petiolo com- muni angustissime alato ; staminum filamentis appendicu- - Species pulchra, distinctissima ; folia 1-1} ped. longa, petiolo non crasso, supra sulcato et inter foliola angustissime mar- ginato; foliola 15-18 lin. longa, 4-5 lin. lata, supra nitida, &venia, subtus pallidiora; panicula vasta, subresinoso-ver- nicosa; flores letissime rubri; laciniæ calycine valvatæ. In insula Cuba, Linden. coll. ann. 1843-1844, n. 1943. 582 SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. Genus II. Dicryocoma, DC. in Ad. de Juss. Mem. Rut. p. 116. Benjaminia, Fl. Flum. vol. 2, tab. 139. Flores abortu diclines (an polygami ?). Calyx minutus, 5-par- titus. Petala 5, anguste oblonga, basi lata, æstivatione mar- ginibus leviter imbricata, apice acuto vel in appendicem linearem producto introflexa. Masc. Stamina 5, petalis alterna. Filamenta subulata, intus ad basim squamula bifida adnata appendiculata. Ovarii rudimentum gyno- phoro brevi impositum. Hermaph. Stamina maris (in foemin. pollinis defectu imperfecta). Ovaria 5, gynophoro brevi imposita, in sinu umbilicata, distincta ; stylis totidem supra basim in unum connatis. Stigma 5-lo- bum. Carpella ad angulum internum 4-5 ovulata; ovulis 4 superioribus collateraliter geminatis, funiculis longius- culis sustensis, infimo sterili, minuto. Capsule 5, dis- tinctæ, compresse, introrsum bivalves, 3-4-spermæ. Se- mina late reniformia, compressa. Integumentum dorso in alas duas eleganter radiatim reticulatas expansum. Embryo intra laminam albuminis tenuem arcuatus, tere- tiusculus ; radicula supera. Arbuscule Americe meridionalis tropicæ, foliis alternis, ex- stipulatis, alterne bipinnatis, pinnis secundariis propter . rachin primariam, foliolis propter pinnas gradatim a basi versus apicem evolutis ; foliolis sæpius alternis, basi in- æqualibus, margine ferolüts subintegerrimo, glandulis re- sinosis, semipellucidis, consperso ; paniculæ terminalis ? vaste, ramis extremis cymosis ; floribus inconspicuis, sicut folia et inflorescentia, plus minus cinereo-pubescentibus. Sp. 1. Dictyoloma incanescens, DC. prod. 2, p. 89. D. Vandellianum, Ad. Juss. Mem. Rut. 116, 164, tab. 245 fide Aug. St. Hil. et Tulasn, in ann. des sc. nat. nouv- sér. vol. 17, p. 139. Benjaminia alata ? F1. Flum. vol. 2, tab. 139. re D. foliolis oblongis, utrinque acuminatis, integerrimis, supra - glabris, subtus pube adpressima tenuissima, plumbeo-ca- SUR LES SIMAROUBÉES. 583 nescentibus, petalis in appendicem linearem, longiusculam, productis. In provincia Rio de Janeiro, haud infrequens, A. S. H. et Tulasne; I/hios, ex specim. Cl. Moricand communicat. 2. Dictyoloma Peruvianum, nov. sp. D. foliolis numerosissimis, parvis, lineari-oblongis, integris, supra obscure virentibus, puberulis, subtus canescentibus ; rachi primaria subtereti, secundariis oppositis v. alternis, inter juga anguste alatis ; petalis breviter mucronulatis. . Spec. distinctissima; folia cireumscriptione elliptica, 1-1 ped. longa; pinnæ 20 et ultra, intermediæ 12-15 jugæ ; inferiores et supreme breviores, depauperatæ : foliola 8-12 lin. longa, 3-4 lata, rigide membranacea; paniculæ terminalis? ramis compresso-teretibus, divaricato-cymosis ; flores griseo- sericei, subsessiles. Ovaria dense tomentosa. In Peruvia, Mathews, n. 1657, in herb. Hook. Gen. III. EURYCOMA, JF. Jack. Flores polygami. Calyx minutus, cupuliformis, quinqueden- tatus. Petala 5 oblonga, æstivatione induplicato-valvata, demum patentia, marginibus involuta. Masc. Stamina 5, petalis alterna. Filamenta utrinque ad basim ligula lineari- obovata appendiculata. Ligulæ in alabastro staminibus exteriores. Ovariaabortiva. Hermaphrod. Petala mascul. sed subdimidio minora. Stamina 5. Ligulæ filamenta utrinque stipantes, minute, quàm in fl. masc. breviores et latiores. Ovaria 5, distincta, sessilia, approximata, intas- sub apice anguli interni uniovulata. Styli 5 mox in unum apice quinquefidum concreti. Capsulæ 5, breviter stipi- tate, ellipsoideæ, utrinque obtuse, secus faciem nervo 7 E elevate carinatæ, mature: dehiscentes (fide Cl. Jack.). Se- .. men pendulum, exarillatum, exalbuminosum (CZ. Jack.) Arbores Burmannicæ, Malaccenses et insularum Archipelagi Malayani, humiles; ramis crassis, cicatricibus foliorum in- ferne notatis, apice frondosis; foliis alternis, exstipu- latis, cum impari multijugis, foliolis subalternis, oblonge v. anguste ellipticis, basi obliquis, integerrimis; panicule 584 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. subterminalis, vastæ, ramis strictis ramulisque compressis ; floribus obscuris, evolutione diversa inæquilonge pedicel- latis, masculis in eadem inflorescentia eum hermaph roditis intermixtis. Color plante tote rufescens. Pubes in ramis et petiolos simplex, brevissima, tenuis, rufa; in inflo- rescentia et floribus, pilis apice glanduliferis, intermixta. Sapor amarissimus. Vires febrifuge. Sp. 1. Eurycoma longifolia, W. Jack. E. petalis floris masculi 3 lin. longis, filamentis sexus utrius- que glabris v. ad basim intus sub lente valida parcissime pilosis. Sumatra, (W.Jack.) ; Ins. Penang, Wallich, Griffith, in herb. Hook. 2. E. Merguensis, nov. sp. E. petalis floris masculi vix 2 lin. longis, filamentis undique conspicue pilosis, Præcedenti simillima et cum eaa cl. inventore et a me ipso diu confusa, sed charactere indicato, panicula breviore, magis conferta, densissime glandulosa, et floribus conspicue mi- noribus certe distincta. Oss. Sp. utraque variat foliolis submembranaceis v. Co- riaceis; petiolo communi tereti, minute velutino, v. sub- . angulato et glabrato. In provincia Mergui, regni Burmannici, Griffith in herb. Hook. MID area d Sur le genre GonovA et ses analogues, avec des observations sur les limites des Ocnnacées, et une revue des genres et espèces de ce groupe; par J. E. Puancnon, docteur-ès- sciences, i (Avec deux planches, TAB. XXI, XXII, and XXIII, XXIV). Le Godoya obovata, R. et P., type du genre dont il a seul fourni les caractères, est un arbre d’un beau port, dont les grandes feuilles alternes, presque sessiles, très entières à leur P TY EE SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. .585 base et bordées de dents réguliéres sur le reste de leur con- tour, sont remarquables par leur texture coriace, le poli de leur surface supérieure, et le réseau de venules qui sur l'in- férieure se dessine entre des nervures secondaires droites et parallèles. Ses rameaux cylindriques sont marqués de cica- trices en apparence annulaires, mais en réalité formées de .. deux demi anneaux qui, par l’un de leurs bords touchent aux .. deux côtés de la feuille, et se rapprochent sans se joindre par les bords opposés. Sur les axes de la grappe rameuse qui . termine les branches, ces mêmes cicatrices se retrouvent plus prononcées ; en sorte que ces axes paraissent articulés sur 3 leur longueur, comme les pédicelles le sont à leur base. Il suffit de signaler ici ces cicatrices comme influant sur l'aspect de la plante; leur origine ne pourra être comprise que par la Comparaison avec d’autres plantes. Un calice auquel cinq . pièces écailleuses, imbriquées et caduques donnent lappa- . rence d'un bourgeon ; cinq pétales réguliers; dix étamines à filets courts, dont les anthères alongées s’ouvrent par deux _ pores étroits placés sur leur dos et presque à leur sommet; un ovaire légèrement infléchi vers un seul côté de la fleur, tandis que les étamines se déjétent dans le sens opposé ; une capsule dont les cinq valves polyspermes, désunies par une déhiscence septicide, restent long-temps suspendues à dix faisceaux fibreux de la columelle ; enfin des graines menues et bordées d'une aile étroite; tels sont les traits saillants qui caractérisent l'espéce type du Godoya. — li n’est rien dit dans cette description de cinq faisceaux de filaments courts que Ruiz et Pavon décrivent et figurent Comme le nectaire de cette plante, et qu'ils supposent alterner avec les pièces calicinales. Trompés par cette asser- tion, MM. Martius et Zuccarini ont cru retrouver dans ces organes les filaments stériles qu'ils observaient autour des étamines de leur Godoya gemmiflora; et, par suite, en remo- delant les caractères du genre, ils ont rendu le mot vague de nectaire, en décrivant des filaments stériles distribués en cinq faisceaux, L'analyse d'un bouton floral va sur ce point fixer nos idées. Sous la première écaille qui s’en détache, paraît 586 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. une rangée simple de filaments bruns demi-transparents et fragiles, qui ne présentent, à une faible loupe, aucune trace d'organisation. Chacune des écailles qui suivent cache une rangée de pareils corps ; seulement comme la base d'insertion des écailles est d'autant plus étroite qu'elles sont plus inté- rieures, le nombre des filaments diminue en proportion. Ainsi, ces supposés rudiments d'étamines, au lieu de s’accroitre en nombre à mesure qu'ils approchent des verticilles stami- naux, viennent justement finir au point oü l'on aurait cru les voir commencer. Il faut donc les suivre dans leur gradation descendante, des verticilles floraux internes vers les extérieurs et même vers les bractées ; et, pour cela, comme les bractées trop caduques du Godoya obovata ne laissent sur les grappes fleuries que les traces de leur insertion, il faut diriger notre attention vers le Godoya spathulata, espèce que Ruiz et Pavon ont rapprochée de la précédente. Ici, le calice, au lieu de grandes écailles libres et imbriquées, présente cinq lobes trés courts dont les bords se recouvrent à peine et dont les bases légérement soudées sont absolument nues à leur face interne. Sa grande panicule pyramidale conserve, à la base de son axe primaire, le bourgeon écailleux qui a dû lui servir d’enveloppe protectrice. Si l'aspect de ces écailles imbriquées et leur ressemblance frappante avec les pièces calicinales de l'autre espèce, faisaient voir dans leur ensemble un involucre, un calice commun à toutes les fleurs d'une panicule, on pourrait caresser l'idée sans se permettre d'user le terme ; et "e la nature semble —— justifier cette hardiesse. En effet, sous ces écaille gemmaires, si éloignées des ide partiels, se trouvent les mêmes rangées de filaments qui, chez le G. obovata, occupaient la base interne des folioles calici- niales. Si leur place dans ce dernier cas a pu les faire prendre pour des étamines mal développées, on ne saurait les re- trouver dans un bourgeon, sans se faire d'autres questions sur leur nature. Seraient-ils analogues à ces touffes de poils roides, qui occupent la base des feuilles, chez la plupart des Portulacées ? ou mieux, peut-être, à ces corps una, qui, : jh he PRI de, a SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 587 chez les Apocynées, s'observent si fréquemment à la base interne des calices? Dans le fait, les filaments axillaires des Godoya, également distincts par leur substance et leur forme, des deux sortes d'organes accessoires dont ils occupent les places respectives, diminuent la distance de l'un à l'autre et montrent, à l'appui de mille autres faits, que la forme seule des organes nous cache cet unité d'essence et de principe, qui se trahit dans leur ensemble et s'efface à mesure que les faits sont isolés. : - Résumer les détails qui précèdent, c'est établir un con- traste entre les deux espèces Péruviennes de Godoya. Chez Pune (G. obovata), de grands calices gemmiformes, dont les écailles caduques recouvrent chacune une rangée de fila- ments; une inflorescence dont la base, comme les axes “partiels, n'offre au temps de la floraison que les cicatrices des bractées. Dans l'autre espèce (G. spathulata), un calice trés court, entiérement dépourvu d'appendices ou de rangées de filaments; un bourgeon écailleux qui ceint la base d’une grande panicule, et dont les pièces isolées se confondraient avec les sépales du G. obovata. Admettant sur de telles différences la distinction générique des deux plantes, et conservant à cette dernière le droit de représenter le genre Godoya, il s'agit de compléter les caractères de l'espéce, qui doit recevoir un autre nom. - C’est encore un arbre d'un port élégant; ses feuilles alternes, rétrécies en pétiole, sont bordées de dents pro- fondes, écartées et régulières. Des nervures secondaires transversales et parallèles, se dessinent, plutôt en creux qu’en relief, sur leurs deux surfaces; des veines onduleuses, fine- . ment imprimées, s'étendent transversalement entre ces . nervures. Au-dessous des écailles imbriquées qui ceignent la base de la panicule, quelques autres plus laches occupent la partie feuillée des rameaux, sans affecter par rapport aux pétioles une position assez constante, pour mériter le nom . de stipules. Des gouttes d'une matière en apparence &omme-résineuse, se montrent desséchées, à tous les points de LI 588 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. l'inflorescence qui ont éprouvé quelque lésion. Les pétales sont beaucoup plus longs que le calice; et les étamines nombreuses (30-40) sont, dans la fleur non épanouie, égale- ment distribuées autour du pistil. Ce dernier, comme le fruit, rappelle les organes correspondants du Godoya. Aux traits que je viens d'esquisser, on doit reconnaitre sans peine dans le G. spathulata, une seconde espèce du genre Cespedesia, récemment décrit par M. Goudot. Tout coincide, en effet, entre la plante que j'ai sous les yeux et la description heureusement trés détaillée du C. Bonplandi, excepté que les piéces du calice y sont indiquées comme distinctes, tandis que je vois, dans celles du Cespedesia spa- thulata, des lobes à peine imbriqués et légèrement unis à la base. Cependant, comme il est question d'un cóté d'un pedicelle renflé sous le calice, et que de l'autre, je vois sur la partie où les sépales se confondent cinq sillons qui des- sinent leurs limites, il est trés probable que les différences en question existent dans les termes plus que dans le fait. Ainsi nous venons de rattacher une espéce Péruvienne à la flore de la Colombie. En revanche, cette dernière contrée va fournir au Godoya du Pérou, une addition aussi brillante qu'inattendue. C’est ce que dira mieux que des paroles, le dessin qui accompagne cet article (voy. tab. xxi, xxil). De grandes feuilles pinnées à folioles coriaces et luisantes ; une vaste panicule de fleurs en rose ; de longues anthéres élégam- ment courbées et dejetées en demi cercle, autour d'un pistil oblique sur son gynophore ; tout rappelle dans cette admi- - rable plante le port et le feuillage des Swartziées, avec les —— fleurs presque régulières des Casses. Mais si ces traits —— extérieurs annoncent une légumineuse; des capsules à cinq valves polyspermes trahissent bien vite les vraies affinités de la plante; et quoique Pidée d’un Godoya à feuilles pinnées ne se fut jamais présentée à l'esprit, par la vue de l'espéce - type, il faut bien admettre dans le genre cette remarquable modification de structure, qui promet de jeter un nouveau jour sur les affinités de l'ordre entier. Mais avant d'aborder - SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 589 la question sous ce point de vue, notre attention doit se fixer quelques instans sur la plante des Amazones, décrite sous le nom de Godoya gemmiflora. Au lieu de feuilles coriaces, planes, dentées et marquées à intervalles, de fortes nervures secondaires, nous trouvons ici à ces organes, une substance mince et fragile, un bord très entier légèrement roulé en dessous, et des nervures trans- versales parallèles, tellement fines et rapprochées, qu’elles rappellent exactement celles des E/vasia. Autour de la base d'insertion de la feuille, l'épiderme lisse et mince du rameau est remarquablement soulevée, comme si le pétiole était greffé dans le bois, par une cicatrice artificielle. Un peu au-dessus de cette aréole d'insertion, deux très petites écailles triangulaires, étroitement appliquées contre l'épiderme dont elles ne semblent être qu'une portion soulevée, peuvent à cause de leur position constante étre regardée comme des stipules; et, pourtant, ces organes sont parfaitement isolés du pétiole, et Pon ne saurait méconnaitre leur analogie avec ces écailles qui, sans affecter un ordre apparent sur la partie feuillée des rameaux des Godoya et des Cespedesia, passaient, par intervalles, de l'état de stipule à celui d'écaille gemmaire, de bractée et même de foliole calicinale. L’inflorescence du Godoya gemmiflora consiste en grappes terminales peu nom- breuses, le plus souvent simples, et les pedicelles réunis de trois à cinq dans Paisselle d'une bractée subulée, font un angle presque droit avec l'axe primaire. Le calice offre toute l'apparence d'un bourgeon. Des dix écailles qui le composent, les cinq externes peuvent se décrire comme des bractées, quoique l'analogie seule fasse réserver aux cinq - . autres le nom de pièces calicinales. Toutes ont leur base interne également nue, et ne s’écartent que pour se détacher da réceptacle. Cinq pétales jaunes, très étroits, une rangée de filaments subulés placée entre ceux-ci et Pandrocée fertile; dix anthères linéaires fusiformes, dont le bec terminal s'ouvre par deux fentes très courtes ; un ovaire légèrement excen- _ trique dans la fleur ouverte; tels sont les caractères que excellente figure publiée par les auteurs de l'espéce, fait 590 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. saisir à un premier coup d’œil, mais que j'ai dû rappeler ici, pour les contraster avec ceux du Godoya obovata. J'ai insisté d'abord sur les différences de leurs feuilles; qu'on les combine avec celles des organes floraux, et Pon admettra que la plante des Amazones, quoique trés voisine des Godoya, mérite d'en étre distinguée comme genre. Nous la désignerons dans la suite de ce travail sous le nom de Blastemanthus. Au milieu des modifications diverses, qui fixent dans trois genres distincts les éléments hétérogénes d'un seul, on risque d'avoir perdu de vue les traits communs, qui les unissent en un méme groupe naturel. Ces traits peuvent se résumer en quelques mots: Etamines insérées sur l'entre nœud assez distinct qui s'étend des pétales à l'ovaire; Anthéres linéaires, tétragones, articulées avec leurs filets, ouvertes au sommet par des pores ou de courtes fissures, et plus ou moins dejetées sur un seul cóté de la fleur ouverte. Ovaire oblique sur son court gynophore, et par suite excen- trique dans la fleur. Valves de la capsule polysperme séparées par une déhiscence septicide; graines menues, à testa scobiforme ou dilaté en bord membraneux. Em- _ bryon droit dans un albumen charnu. Qu'on ajoute à ces caractères un port élégant, des feuilles alternes, luisantes, remarquables par leur nervation, et, les mêmes pièces Scarieuses revétant, par nuances à peine sensibles, la forme de stipule, bractée, ou sépale ; on se trouve avoir fait avec les seuls éléments de Pancien genre Godoya, un tableau qui s'applique trait pour trait aux Luxemburgia au Brésil. — j 5 Les charmants arbustes qui composent ce dernier genre - sont représentés en miniature, par certains Lavradia ou Saw- — vagesia des mêmes régions. Aussi, l'ingénieux botaniste, q : traçait sur les lieux l'histoire des Sauvagesiées, dut saisir E entr'elles et les Luremburgia, un degré de parenté plus intime qu'avec aucun autre représentant de sa flore. Les Godoya du Pérou étaient alors et sont restés à peine connus : en sorte; que pour reconnaitre en eux les alliés les plus immédiats des Luxemburgia, il fallait, comme M. Martius, trouver dans une. plante des Amazones, un lien évident entre les beaux arbres SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 591 du Pérou et les élégants arbustes de Minas Geraës. C'est donc à MM. Martius et Zuccarini qu'appartient l'honneur de cet heureux rapprochement; et si leur idée n'a pas trouvé cours dans les ouvrages classiques, c'est sans doute parce- ` qu'elle est trop indirectement émise, parmi des observations qui réclament toutes une grande part d'intérét. Ainsi rat- taché à quelques formes analogues, le genre Luxemburgia, à raison du nombre de ses espèces, et comme étant parfaite- ment décrit, mérite de donner son nom au groupe dont il fait partie. Mais, ce groupe sera-t-il un ordre nouveau, ou bien, viendra-t-il se fondre dans une famille déjà définie? C'est une question qui doit avant tout étre examinée. Un axiome que Linné a formulé pour le genre et qui, du moins en théorie, est reconnu vrai pour les familles, c'est que nos caractéres écrits n'ont jamais fait l'une ou l'autre de ces associations. Ce n'est pas à créer, mais à découvrir des rapports naturels, que tous nos efforts doivent tendre. Et pourtant, cette harmonie de formes qui indique presque toujours l'affinité, est mille fois sacrifiée à telle ou telle idée préconçue de l'importance exclusive d'un caractère. On raisonne beaucoup sur l'affinité et l'analogie ; on admet sans peine que certaines causes générales reproduisent un habitus analogue chez les plantes des groupes les plus divers; mais, 9n oublie trop que les modifications de chaque organe se présentent également chez les divers groupes, avec cette vague tendance vers des séries paralléles, que des lacunes dans nos idées nous empéchent d'embrasser d'un coup- eil Ces réflexions qui ne prétendent nullement à la — Le nom seul d’Ochnacées rappelle cette remarquable mo- dification du fruit que De Candolle a désignée par l'épithéte de gynobasique. Bien loin, cependant, d'être particulière à Cette famille, on a vu cette déviation de structure affecter ment tous les types d'organisation des fruits, et se pré- ter chez les groupes les plus éloignés, sans s'étendre pour- Nouveauté, seront, j'espere, pleinement justifiées par ce qui va —— un 592 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. tant à tous leurs genres. Si l'évidence nous force à réunir dans la méme famille, les Pavonia ou les Malope à loges mono- spermes gynobasiques, etles Abutilon à capsules polyspermes et à columelle le plus souvent trés développée; pourquoi les ` loges gynobasiques des Ochnacées, isoleraient-elles ces plantes de toute autre famille, à laquelle le reste de leur structure les rattache? Pourquoi ne pas chercher des genres à capsules polyspermes, qui soient par rapport aux Ochnacées, ce que les Abufilou sont aux Pavonia ou aux Malope? Ces genres existent, en effet; ils se sont. groupés dans les pages précédentes, autour du Luxemburgia ; et, si le passage des Luxemburgiées aux Ochnacées propres, paraissait encore trop brusque; une plante qui me reste à mentionner, viendra justement combler l'intervalle entre les deux. En publiant dans les Icones de Sir W. J. Hooker une figure de l'Euthemis leucocarpa, W. Jack, j'insistai sur les rapports que ce beau genre asiatique, jusqu'alors rattaché aux Ochnacées, présente avec les Luxemburgia du Brésil. Un port élégant ; des feuilles, à dents courbes et presque carti- lagineuses : un beau réseau de venules placé entre des ner- vures parallèles ; des stipules ciliées et caduques ; des sépales également fimbriés; des anthéres presque sessiles, alongées, tétragones, ouvertes au sommet par deux pores confluents; tous ces caractères appuyaient le rapprochement des deux genres, Cependant, PÆufhemis présente sous un péricarpe charnu, cinq loges à parois fibreux, ou l'avortement constant d'un ovule ne laisse qu'une graine suspendue et à radicule supérieure. I] y a loin, sans doute, de ce fruit à la capsule poly- sperme des Luxemburgiées, ou même aux carpelles gy"? basiques des Gomphia. Mais cet intervalle est comblé en grande partie, si l'on songe que Povaire de I’Elvasia, genre qu'on ne saurait méconnaître pour une Ochnacée, ne conserve de la structure presque générale de cette famille, que des loges monospermes à ovules ascendants, sans autre chose qu'une tendance vers la structure gynobasique. Il faut donc E garder de séparer ce que la nature a uni, d’après les nuances SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 593 légères qui rattachent évidemment l'une à l'autre les modifi- cations extrèmes d’un seul organe. _ D’après les considérations qui précèdent, le groupe des Ochnacées renfermerait trois sections naturelles dont voici les noms et les caracteres. l, LuxeMBURGIÉES: ovaire excentrique; capsules poly- ` Spermes; graines menues et pourvues d'albumen. Genres: Luxemburgia, Godoya, Cespedesia, Blasthemanthus. 2. Eurnémipéizs : Baie à cinq loges fibreuses, monospermes par l'avortement d'un des ovules; graines anatropes sus- pendues ; embryon droit dans un albumen charnu. Genre unique: Euthemis. 3. GouPuiÉEs: Ovaire et fruit à loges monospermes, le plus souvent gynobasiques ; direction des ovules ascen- dante dans ce dernier cas; à peu près tele dans PÆI- vasia calophylla, où la base du style est plus élevée que le sommet des loges proéminentes; presque horizontale dans Elvasia Hostmanni, où la saillie des loges est à peine marquée, . Genres: Ochna, Elvasia, Gomphia. On voit que j’exclus de cette dernière section qui est Proprement la famille des Ochnacées de De Candolle, les genres Walkera, Schreb., et Castela, Turp. Le premier n'a Probablement d’existence que dans les livres. Il est basé, Quant à la fleur, sur une figure grossière et incorrecte de | PHortus Malabaricus, et, quant au fruit, sur une des rares avec MM. Wight et Arnott, que les deux autorités de ce pré- _ tendu genre ne sont pas autres que le Gomphia angustifolia, — Vahl, espéce commune à Ceylon et à la cóte de Malabar, à «quelle Rheede a donné cinq étamines au lieu de dix; tandis que Gærtner, sur des échantillons imparfaits du fruit, à renversé la vraie direction de la radicule. On trouve, en effet, dans sa figure, la forme assez particuliére des carpelles du G. angustifolia, le Wal-kera des natifs du pays, nom que Gartner applique à la plante dont il a dessiné les fruits, et sur VOL. v, XX erreurs qu'on doit pardonner à Gærtner. Je crois, en effet, — 594 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. lequel le méme botaniste qui s'appropria d'un trait de plume toutes les découvertes d’Aublet, se trouve avoir établi, à son insu, un de ces noms barbares, auxquels il avait déclaré une chasse si active. MM. Wight et Arnott à qui l'on doit ces observations d'étymologie, proposent de conserver le nom de Walkera pour l'espéce Américaine que De Candolle a rap- porté à ce genre, en rappelant par ce nom les services qu'une aimable personne a rendus à la botanique et en: particulier à la flore de Ceylon et de l'Inde supérieure. Malheureusement on ne saurait conserver-un genre sur une simple phrase spécifique, et d'ailleurs, le seul caractere de pétales coriaces que De Candolle donne à sa plante Américaine, serait une ano- malie presque inespérée parmi les Ochnacées véritables. Le second genre dont il me reste à parler est le Castela de Tur- pin. Sa présence à côté des Gomphia pourrait se concevoir à peine, sans l'influence de cette première idée qui fait des Simaroubées un ordre à peine distinet des Ochnacées. Et cependant, les caractères de l'une et l’autre de ces familles sont trop bien connus pour qu'on ait droit de les séparer par un grand intervalle, au liew de confondre leurs éléments respectifs. Il suffit de rappeler l'amertume, les fleurs dioiques, les ovaires libres, les ovules suspendus et les graines à radicule supérieure du Castela, pour prouver Vaffinité de ce genre avec les Simaroubées. D'autres détails sur ses caracteres ont k aue: place dans la revision que j'ai publiée de cette le. | Le désir: de rendre aussi complète qu'il m'est possible avec le secours d'une riche collection la connaissance du groupe dont je viens d'esquisser les traits saillants, m'a conduit à une détermination laborieuse des espèces décrites, afin de faire connaitre comparativement celles qui m'ont paru nou- velles. Je ne donne pas le résultat de ce travail comme - unë monographie. J'ai voulu seulement résumer sous une - rme descriptive les observations éparses dans les pages SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 595 précédentes, dans le but surtout de nous préparer à traiter des affinités de la famille ; tandis qu’une liste raisonnée de ses espèces devait indispensablement précéder toute observation générale sur leur distribution géographique. OcHNACEX. Ochnacee, DC. Ternstremiacearum et Sauvagesiearum, Gen, ` Guci, Flores hermaphroditi, proportione 5-naria. Folia calycina libera v, ima basi vix connata, æstivatione imbricata, Pe- tala libera. Stamina 5-10 v. indefinita, gynophoro brevi inserta, non raro in flore expanso. secunda. Anthere elon- gate, cum filamenti apice articulate! sæpius transverse rugulosæ, apicem versus. poris v. rimulis 2 rarius in unam confluentibus apertæ. Arbores y, frutices; (paucissimis exceptis, tropicales). Folia alterna, rigida, nitida, sepissime pulchre lineato-nervosa. Stipulæ, perulæ, bracteæque scariosæ. Lignum durum, materia subresinosa astringente scatens. Pedicelli supra basim v, medium articulati. Flores speciosi fere semper flayi. Secr. I. LUXEMBURGIE. - Stamina indefinita v, rarissime subdefinita. Anthere sub anthesi secunde. Stigma sessile. Capsula plus minus Complete 3-5 locularis, valvis septicide disjunctis, secus - Margines introflexos intus seminiferis. Semina numerosa, minuta, anatropa, sæpe compresso alata. Embryo in axi _ &lbuminis parci carnosi rectus. pes _ Atbores vel frutices Americæ australis tropicæ. Gen, I. LUXEMBURGIA, A. St. H., Endl. gen. pl. n. 5052. Calyx deciduus, Antheræ subsessiles in massulam secundam _ Sæpius coadunate, lineari-tetragonæ, apice summo bipo- Tose. Ovarium trigonum, incomplete triloculare. Semina Compresso-alata, x22 596 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. Frutices Brasilienses, glaberrimi, ramis inferne denudatis, ramulis fastigiatis. Folia conferta, pulchre lineato-nervosa, serraturis incurvo-adpressis sphacelato-mucronulatis v. se- tiferis ornata. Racemi simplices, sub anthesi terminales, fructiferi alares. Sp. I. Luxemburgia ciliosa, Mart. et Zucc. nov. gen. et sp. vol. 1, p. 41. Has. in campis districtus Adamantium, Martius. In mon- tibus Organensibus, altit. 4000-5000 ped.—Gardn. n. 5677. 2. L. speciosa, A. S. H. pl. rem. Bras. et Par. p. 333, tab. 29. In montibus prope Milhoverde, 5 leuc. a vico Tejuco Adaman- tium, alt. circit. 3,700 ped.—4. S. Hil. ; prope Itambe, prov. Minas Geraes, Gardn. n. 4411. 3. L. corymbosa, A. S. H. l. c. p. 335, tab. 30. : In jugis altioribus montium dictis Serra da Caraga, altit. circit. 6000 ped. A. S. Hil. 4. L. angustifolia, nov. sp. udi L. foliis angustis, basi longe ‘attenuata in petiolum brevissi- mum decurrentibus, breve mucronatis; stipulis confertis, subulatis, hinc inde filamentosis ; racemo (florifero) termi- nali, foliis longiore, conferte multifloro; articulo superiore pedicelli inferiore 4-plo longiore; foliolis calycinis integer rimis; antheris numerosis in massam ovatam antice no? concavam conglutinatis. Frutex 10-pedalis (Gardn.) Rami, more generis, inferne denu- — _ dati, stipulis semi-destructis, lenticellisque magnis, puncti formibus, albis exasperati. Folia ad apices ramulorum valde conferta, erecto-imbricata, 24 poll. longa, vix 23 lin. lata, ima basi integra, et ciliis 1-2 longiusculis utrinque aucta, apice mucronulata, marginibus plana; serraturis crebris, incurvo adpressis, intus sub apice glandulosis. - Racemi floriferi vix 23 poll. longi, pedicellis (saltem infe- — rioribus), ultra-pollicaribus ; articulis (pedicellorum) Supe" rioribus, sub fructu, versus apicem incrassatis, deciduis ; inferioribus, secus axim racemi tunc alarem, diu persistenti- (SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 597 bus. Bracteole ad pedicelli articulationem 2, opposite, stipellate. Flores majusculi. Foliola calycina obtusis- sima, enervia, integerrima. Staminum massula ovata, seriebus staminum concentricis ex ambitu ad centrum in conum sensim elevatis. Ovarium massulæ staminum sub- æquale. | Has. In fruticetis convallium district. Adamantium, prov. Minas Geraes.— Gardn. n. 4412. Cette belle espéce, par son port, ses feuilles étroites et ses stipules, se rapproche du L. corymbosa; mais elle en diffère parses fleurs en grappe alongée, et surtout par ses folioles calycinales trés entières. 6. L. polyandra, A. S. H. in Mém. du Mus. 9, p. 351. Han. In parte prov. Minas Geraes que dicitur Minas novas A. S. H. 7. L. octandra, A. S. H. in Mém. du Mus. vol. 9, p. 351. Plectanthera floribunda, Mart. et Zucc. nov. ggn. et sp. l. p. 40, tab. 26. Has. In variis locis prov. Minas Geraes, prope Jbitipoca, —. 8. Joao del Rey, Villa Rica, in montibus Serra da Caraca, . 4.8. Hil. in Monte prope Itacolumi, Villa Rica, — Mar- _ tus; prope Morrovelho, Gardn. n. 4410. .. Gen. II. Gopova, Ruiz et Pay. prod. p. 58, tab, 11. = (excl. sp.) Char. reformat.—Calyx 5-phyllus, foliolis scarioso-squa- cata. Stamina 10-20 fertilia, antheris eleganter incurvis, Sub anthesi unilateraliter dejectis, lineari-tetragonis, apice Poris 2 minutis, pollen fundentibus, levibus s. transverse Tugulosis. Ovarium supra stipitem brevissimum paulo deflexum, lineari-oblongum, apice subincurvo rostratum, 5-loculare, placentis axilibus, pluriovulatis. Stigma sessile, minutum, obsoletissime 5-lobulatum. Capsula 5-locu- laris, valvis demum septicide disjunctis, e fibris columellæ Maceis, intus seriem fimbrillarum foventibus, caducis. Pe- > tala 5, obovata, æstivatione quincunciali convoluto-imbri- 598 SUR. LE. GENRE. GODOYA. 1 in fila 10:solutæ pendentibus, navicularibus, antice hian- ] tibus parte dorsali angusta, marginibus introflexis, hiantibus, | in longum uniplicatis, intus seminiferis. Semina creber- rima, minuta, compresso-subulata. Embryo? Arbores Peruvianæ et Novo-Granatenses, sylvicolæ, proceræ, pulcherrime. Rami et inflorescentia, bractearum peru- larumque lapsu præcoci, annulato cicatrisati, lenticellis discoloribus, punctiformibus crebre conspersi. ` Folia nunc simplicia, obovato-oblonga, subsessilia, basi æquali cuneata, integerrima, ceterum-grosse serrata; nunc imparipinnata ! foliolis. brevissime petiolulatis, a basi obtusa- subineequali ad apicem usque serratis. Racemi terminales et axillares sepius in paniculam vastam digesti; pedicelli flore bré- viores, basi articulata caduci v. tenaciter persistentes. Flores speciosi, calice gemmiformi, caduco, petalis recenti- bus forsan candidis, siccitate carneis v. flavescentibus. Subgen. Euconova. * Stamina 10; antheræ leves; folia simplicia (rectius uni- foliolata ?). Sp. 1. Godoya obovata, Ruiz et Pav. l.c. et Flor. Peruv. icon. ined. vol. 5, tab. 378. G. foliis obovatis ; racemis pedicellisque ante anthesim ebrac- teatis; capsula (ex R, et P.) cylindraceæ, basi obtusa, sub- sessili, | Frequens in nemoribus Messapata, Macora, Cuchero et Iscu- tunum—Ruiz et Pav. —— | Sp. 2.46 Antioquiensis, nov. sp. ; eoi ee G. foliis obovatis ; racemis terminalibus subsimplicibus ; pedi- - cellis sub anthesi bibracteatis (bracteis tamen deciduis) ; tap- sula lineari-oblonga, utrinque attenuata. Tas. XXI. XX. Arbor priori simillima; folia tamen majora, 3-4 poll. long? . dimidio lata; serraturis plane adpressis, sphacelato-mucro" — nulatis. Flores expansi diametro circiter 3-pollicari; pe^ — tala obovata, membranacea, siccitate flavescentia. Summos montés provincie Antioquiæ, regni Novo-Grana- SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 599 tensis, adornat. Purdie in Herb. Hook. Aug. flor. et fruct, Oss.—La première partie de cet article était déjà sous presse, lorsque un nouvel envoi de M. Purdie a enrichi Pherbier de Sir W. Hooker de cette magnifique espèce de Godoya. Je regarde cette circonstance comme d'autant plus heureuse, qu'elle me permet de constater la structure: des anthères des espèces à feuilles simples. Elles sont, ici, à peu près droites et lisses, tandis que dans lPespèce à. feuilles composées, elles sont courbées et marquées de rides trans- versales, Ces différences jointes à celles de leur nombre sembleraient autoriser la formation de deux genres, et exigent, au moins, celle de deux sous-genres bien distincts. J’adopte ce dernier point de vue, en attendant que la connaissance de . nouvelles espèces décide définitivement la question. J’ob- serve cependant, que le pétiole des ‘espèces à feuilles simples présente un bourrelet circulaire assez épais, qui tendrait peut-être à indiquer une articulation, et, par suite, à rendre moins brusque le passage aux feuilles composées. ~ E Le Godoya Antioquiensis, suivant : l'observation de M. Purdie, fournit un bois de construction extrêmement durable, et fait d’ailleurs l'ornement des hautes mon- tagnes de la province d’Antioguia. Son-nom vulgaire est Counso. Le G. obovata, R. et Pav. nommé Laupe par les Espagnols du Pérou, est employé à des usages analogues. Fig. 1. une anthère légèrement grossie ; fig. 2. capsule de grandeur naturelle. Subgen. 2. RUTIDANTHERA. ** Stamina 18-20; antheræ transverse rugulosæ ; folia impari pinnata, Sp. 3. G. splendida, sp. n. Tas. XIX. XX: .. G. folis cum impari-4-jugis; foliolis ovato-ellipticis basi obtusis, serratis; panicula terminali, floribunda, sub anthesi ebracteata ; capsula ovato-oblonga, acuminata. Rami Crassi, cortice griseo-fusco, ruguloso, lenticellis crebris exas- Perato, vestiti. Folia 1-4 ped. longa; petiolus communis —" 600 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE gracilis, subteres, in longum tenuiter striatus; partiales breves in communem vix decurrentes. Foliola cum . impari-4-juga, inferiora regulariter opposita, paris supremi inter se et cum foliolo terminali inzequaliter basi confluentia. Limbus 4-5 poll. longus, 2 poll. latus, folium Castanee vesce aliquomodo referens; textura rigida, fragili; facie supera minus lucida quam illa foliorum G. obovate, inter nervos non prominentes vix conspicue venulosa ; infera pallidiore nervis elevatis, venisque intertextis, percursa ; serraturis adpressis, intus sphacelato-mucronulatis. Stipule in specimine florido desiderate. ^ Panicula folio supremo parum brevior, basi simplex, nuda, ramis epidermide nitida vestitis, citissime ebracteatis. Sepala exteriora late obovata, subtruncata, emarginata, flabellatim striato-venosa, interiore longiora et subacuta, Flores expansi diametro circit. 2-pollicari. Anthere ~ eleganter incurvæ, transverse rugulosæ. Capsula matura vix 1 poll, longa. Has. In sylvis Nove Granatæ, prope pagum La Cruz, Prov. Monpaz ; Purdie in Herb. Hook. Floret August. Fig. 1. Une des écailles extérieures du calice, vue en dedans, pour montrer la série de corpuscules cylindriques qu'elle recouvre; fig. 2. l'ovaire légèrement grossi ; fig. 3. capsule de grandeur naturelle, m—— Memoir* of the Life of Dn. J. R. T. Vocez; by L. C. Tre- |. NIRANUS. © (To be followed by Dr. Vogel's Journal of the Voyage up the Niger, under the command of Capt. Trotter, R.N. and by ^ description of the plants of this country.) Amongst the numerous sacrifices consequent on the un- fortunate expedition to the Niger, science is not without her peculiar loss. Whatever reliance may be placed on wealth * Translated from the German in the Linnea, v. 16, 1842, by the Rev. M. J, Berkeley. à i | OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 601 and a careful choice of means, it must be admitted that little has been accomplished by the numerous and deeply caleulated plans for obtaining a more perfect knowledge of the interior of Africa. Amongst many others, one of the naturalists of the expedition, to whose memory the following pages are dedicated, has succumbed to the destructive influence of the climate. If, however, according to the expression of a philoso- pher, it be the province of eloquence to commemorate illus- trious minds, whose labours, owing to an unfortunate concur- rence of circumstances, have not been productive of commen- surate effects, and so, to compensate* for the want of incident, à more skilful pen than mine is requisite. I must be contented to show what the world and what science have lost, by the simple relation of a few circumstances, and by extracts from the last official records of the deceased. Julius Rudolph Theodor Vogel, or as he frequently called himself by an abridgement of his baptismal name, Theodor Vogel, was born at Berlin, on the 30th of July, 1812. While yet a boy, he showed a decided inclination for the study of history, geography, and the productions of nature. No book was read by him with greater delight than Robinson Crusoe. Heknew it almost by heart, and in all probability its . Pérusal awakened in him that eagerness to visit countries yet Wnexplored by science, which was hereafter destined never to _ leave him. He received his first scientific education at the Friedric-Wilhelms-Gymnasium at Berlin, of which Spilleke Was then the director, from which establishment he was dis- missed with the testimonial No. I. The Gymnasium, how- ever, afforded no opportunity of acquiring botanical know- ledge, but under the guidance of Ruthe, upper master of the Gewerbschule, he commenced studying and collecting "ants. With him he went as a pupil in summer weekly to botanize, and if he had leisure for a day or two, it was devoted to more distant excursions. At the beginning of the Summer term, 1832, Vogel was a student at the univer- sity of Berlin, where he attended the philosophic and hu- * F. Hemsterhuis, Œuvres philosophiques, I. 268. - 602 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE manity lectures, but more especially those of Natural His- tory. On the 5th of August, 1837, he was made Doctor of Philosophy ; the subject of his inaugural thesis, which has also been published by the booksellers, being a synopsis of the genus Cassia. The year after, he qualified himself as Private Tutor at the Berlin University in the botanical department, and in the first half of 1839, exchanged his situation for a similar one at the University of Bonn, aided by a government allowance, in consequence of which he was obliged, at the same time, after the death of Professor F. Nees von Esenbeck, to perform the duties of his office. During the latter part of his academical course, and after its completion, Vogel turned his attention principally to descrip- tive botany, for which the collections at Berlin, especially of Brazilian plants, furnished rich materials. His talents were peculiarly applied to Leguminous plants. As early as the year 1837, four treatises by him appeared in the eleventh volume of this Journal: * De Swartzeis observa- tiones” * Dalbergiearum genera Brasiliensia”’ “ De Cesal- pineis Braziliæ,” and “ Synopsis generis Cassie pars altera." In these, several new genera are proposed, numerous new species are briefly but characteristically described, and many already known have received important corrections. In the year 1838, in conjunction with Dr. Schleiden, he published some greater and lesser treatises, which, for the most part, have reference to the same family, in the 19th vol. o! the Acte Acad. Nat. Curiosorum, entitled “ Contributions to the history of the development of the parts of the flower in = Leguminose, and on the Albumen, especially of Leguminos@; both accompanied by numerous illustrations; and in the 46th of Poggendorf’s Annalen der Chemie und Physick, on * Amyloid, a new vegetable substance” At the same time appeared, in the 12th volume of Linnea, a continuation his labours on the leguminous plants of South America, namely an Essay on Brazilian Hedysaree. In the year 183% also, he continued his task with his wonted perseverancés 1 and in the 13th volume of Linnea, we find two treatises OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 603 connected with it, viz.: on Brazilian Viciee, and observations on American Bauhinie. In 1840, he received, for investiga- tion, the Leguminose collected by the late Prof. Meyen, in his journey through Brazil, Peru and China, and the results ofthis labour appear in an Essay in the supplement tothe 19th volume of the Acte Acad. Nat. Curios. The 15th volume of Linnea contains three of his treatises ; viz. Remarks on the existence of Amylum in Cryptogamous plants; Additions and Corrections to the Synopsis of the Genus Cassia, and Remarks on some species of the genera Thymus and Ori- ganum. There is also in Bechner's * Repertorium für die Pharmacie, 1840,” a Review of the species of the genus Ori and a Description of Thymus coriaceus. Mr. Mar- Qardt found this undescribed species of Thymus in many apothecaries’ shops and collections of materia medica, amongst Stores of Origanum Creticum. i | . As Vogel’s position in Bonn rendered a perfect know- à of the plants in its neighbourhood requisite, pré- _Parations were commenced for a Flora of Bonn, to which he 3 devoted much time, and for which he undertook many ex- Cursions. In August, 1840, he made acquaintance with a member of the African Civilization Society, which had arisen A1 London under the patronage of Prince Albert, with the Mew of extending civilization amongst the natives of Western Africa, and putting an end to the slave trade, who chanced then to beat Bonn. The British Government fitted out M Steamers,* destined to run into the Niger, or Quorra, At its entrance into the Bight of Benin, on the western coast f Central Africa, to penetrate by this vast navigable river, mto the interior of this little-known country, to make treaties With the inhabitants, and to establish an emporium at some ‘Suitable place, A Botanist was needed, to ascertain the ve- Betable productions of the country and the capabilities of the ‘toil, and Dr, Vogel was found willing to hold this office, B ing by these means to satisfy his eager desire to explore rich and almost unknown vegetation, He undertook, there- * The Albert, the Wilberforce, and Soudan. 604 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE fore, in September and October of the same year, a journey to England, to make a personal acquaintance with the com- mittee of the society ; returned for a few weeks to Germany, to arrange definitively his affairs, and finally left Bonn on the 2nd of December, 1840, to enter upon his journey, having obtained from the proper authorities a.two years’ leave of absence. The departure of the expedition, which, according to the first plan, was to be in the end of January, 1841, was deferred from various cireumstances and impediments, to the third week in May; when, finally, the ships left Plymouth harbour and Europe, Dr. Vogel embarking in the Wilber- force. During his four months? residence in England, Vogel prepared himself in every possible way for his new destina- - tion, and in the parts for March and July of a journal entitled * The Friend of Africa," he published an “ Essay on the Botany of Western Central Africa,’ in which the hitherto written treatises on the vegetable productions of this part of the world, were reviewed. From Madeira he addressed i letters to his relations and friends in Europe ; but they never A reached their destination. From Sierra Leone he wrote on — the 30th of June, as follows: : . * We sailed from Madeira by Teneriffe to St. Vincent — one of the Cape de Verd islands, and from thence here. At — Teneriffe we remained a day, but I was able to take only —— cursory glance, since I was unwell on the passage from - Madeira thither and did not venture to leave the ship. We — remained a fortnight off St. Vincent; the island is small, but — has an excellent harbour, and was therefore the rendezvous - of the ships belonging to the expedition. Anything more 3 comfortless than the view of this island, I never beheld; one might believe that after the formation of the world, & - quantity of useless surplus stones was cast into the sea, and - that thus the Island of St. Vincent arose. There is nothing - but hills and mountains (some of them 2500 feet high); with s small valleys, which in the broader parts are very sandy, : without a plant deserving the name of tree; while the - OF DR. J, R. T. VOGEL. 605 . vallies themselves produce scarcely a species; for in my first excursion I found in four hours only two species, of which . one, a lavander, was completely dried up. What had been wanting here, namely moisture, was in a few days but too abundant. On the part of the coast where we are at present, therainy season has begun, that is the first portion of it, which announces itself by single thunder-storms with violent Wind (tornados.) Sometimes on the passage my cabin got . Very wet, and what was worse, my plants. Since we have been here, the weather is generally clear by day ; but towards evening there comes heavy rain or a thunder-storm, and last _ night we had one, such as I never witnessed before. “On entering the river at Free Town, the shore, on which the town stands, is bordered at a short distance by a range 9f hills, which make a very pretty appearance with their gentle swelling summits and insolated lofty trees. A rich Vegetation stretches from the shore upwards, which capti- Vates the eye by its soft bright green, such as is only seen in the tropics, and gives to the whole an incomparably charming character. I rushed eagerly into these woods, and much regret that the short time of our stay did not permit me to do more, for we were obliged to proceed. The object Of the colony here is to teach the Africans active habits and to christianize them; there are, I think, above 40,000 in the colony, and many of their villages are built close to the town; so that, for miles, there is no cultivation. Since we left St. Vincent, the temperature has been nearly the same. 1e thermometer there was generally 81? Fahr. in my cabin; here it is about 84°, and sometimes in the middle of the day — Teaches 869. This heat is not greater than with us in Summer; but the slighter refrigeration of the atmosphere by night, and the power of the sun, make it seem often more intense than it is. An awning is spread over the deck, under which, when there is a breeze, it is always cool. I am very comfortable on board, except when my collections are lying about. When I return laden with plants, I have no where to prepare them; and when they are dry, the 606 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE damp insinuates itself to such a degree, that I am compelled to redry them. This is very troublesome; and on board a ship, especially a man of war, there is no especial place for preparing or preserving plants. 1 am quite a nuisance to my messmates when I unpack them, and so is the servant who announces breakfast, lunch, &c., for the table must be cleared. I must be off, and then I try to work on deck ; but there the wind and rain attack me, so that I have to contend with all the elements. I am here quite amongst the negroes, for there are few white persons in the town, and during my excursions I frequently do not see one, during the whole day. I cannot, however, say that this seems altogether strange to me, for on our voyage outward, we had many black sailors:in our ship, and their number has gradually been increased in the course of our progress." From Cape Coast Castle roads, where the ships belonging to the expedition arrived on the 24th of July, Vogel writes as follows: ‘Our passage from Sierra Leone hither has been rather tedious. We set out from that port with but little fuel, and were therefore necessitated twice after we left Monrovia (Liberia), viz. at Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, to cause wood to be felled, to enable us to proceed. Our voyage has been constantly along the coast, so that we have had ample opportunity for observing the remarkable nation of the Kroo, a people which dwell scattered along the coast, and often undertake long coasting voyages in small canoes. — These canoes are built almost exactly in the same way 95 — — the little skiffs; which we called at Berlin Seelen-verkaufer; —— but made of a single piece only. The natives sit in them — generaly naked, they use broad oars and a very small rudder; and do not trouble themselves if the craft upsets, for they have commonly nothing to lose, and if they carry garments with them, they are soon dried. They have mostly a piece of cloth, bound round the head, which, when they come on board, they place round the loins, and think them- selves full dressed with great ivory rings round the ankles, - and belts or chains round the foot or arm. We had many — OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 607 of their young people on board; for they are tolerably docile, and are therefore hired by the coasters, to perform such hard labours as are considered prejudicialto Europeans. When they have earned so much money by their voyage, as will enable them to buy one or more wives, they return home, establish the women; and leave them for a new expedition, until they get eight orten more wives, who must support them, for all field labour, &c., is performed by females. Including these Kroos and other negroes, who are employed in various ways about the ship, we are now considerably more than. one hundred men strong ; frequently, therefore, when I have been for a time at that part of the vessel which they occupy and where alone smoking is allowed, and return to the quarter-deck where only the officers are, I feel quite "relieved from: the bustle. It is-now the rainy season and we have had in Monrovia and Grand-Bassa a week of con- finued rain, during which the sky has been for many suc- cessive days as dark as itcan be with usin autumn only. Besides, the African brooks, when they are swollen with rain, assume the privilege of making their way down the . footpaths, and I was therefore obliged for hours to wade up _ to the knees in water. I was indeed, in general, whether at sea or on land, as wet as it was possible to be. One advantage acerued from the rain, it kept the decks water-tight, whereas before, I was regularly soaked by the water when they were washed at five o'clock -in the morning, and frequently part of my collection got damaged. At Cape Palmas we arrived at a Spot where an-intermission of.the rainy season takes place, "nd from thence to. this place -we have enjoyed delight- ful weather, The passage, however, was longer than we expected, so that water ran very short, and one day we were absolutely placed on half-allowance; otherwise we should Scarcely guess that we were inva foreign zone. As regards _ Meat and drink, we have several times a week salted beef or _ Pork, and in general, other kinds of meat preserved in her- Weticaly sealed cases. Hares, poultry, &c., preserved in _ this way, often appear at table. These ship-stores are 608 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE preferred to the fresh provisions which are presented to us on landing. My situation on board is very tolerable. The captain gives me as much liberty as possible; and I hope, when we have once arrived at the proper field of action, to meet with every encouragement from him. My health has been very good; and although there cannot but be some irksome hours to men shut up in a ship, I have yet, on the whole, felt happy and contented, and only look forward with impatience to the time when my own peculiar service will begin.” The next letter from Vogel was written from Accra, on the 4th of August. * We remain here buta few days, so that I can acquire only a very superficial view of the vegetation of the coast. Real forests lie at some distance in the interior, that is, about * thirty English miles—too long an excursion, even were it not desired that nobody should sleep on shore, for fear of the fever. Yet I have been twelve or fourteen miles into the interior, in the district of Aquafim, to inspect a Danish establishment. There was a geologist with me, and we were received by the Danish governor with the greatest civility. Such a journey on foot being considered too difficult for an European, large flat baskets, used here instead of sedan- chairs, were placed at our disposal, and four negroes to carry each basket. There were, besides, a number of negroes, to take charge of our luggage, so that our caravan amounted to seventeen persons, besides ourselves. At the coffee plan- tation there is a house, arranged with European accom- - modations, where we were surrounded with all the luxury of | the civilized world, and had for dinner French asparagus - The spot was lovely, pleasantly varied with hill and dale, - mostly covered with savannahs, where the grass is taller and stronger than in our own meadows, and between the tuit little bushes, instead of lowers. I think that I saw Blighia sapida in cultivation, and remarked that Schumacher men- tions it under a name different from that by which it is kn Fes to the natives. The negroes who accompanied us on OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 609 excursion were slaves, for the Danes still have slaves, but they seem well off, and were merry and’ cheerful beings. On the whole, I found in the short period of my acquaintance with them, no difference in their behaviour or dealing from the free negroes at Cape Coast Castle, except that the latter are shameless in demanding money for drink. At Cape Coast, it is absolutely necessary to keep an immo- derate number of servants; and on an excursion from thence, our train of attendants consisted of thirty-six persons. There is no difficulty in this, for the blacks go as servants merely for food and clothing, which in this climate costs little; or they are sent as boys by their fathers to an Eu- ropean, that they may in this way learn something. The houses of Europeans here are very large, roomy, and well built, raised high above the ground to make them airy, and furnished with open verandahs forthe same purpose. Eu- ropeans, however, do not in generai remain long, since the climate on the coast is not suitable to their constitution. "The few who are here seem to lead a miserable life; the society is very limited and monotonous, and their wishes con- _ . fined principally to making money, in which many fail. At Cape Coast, the small white shells which we use for orna- menting horses! bridles, are given in exchange as coin; they are called cowries; a thousand of them are worth about a gueldre; in the interior they are worth more; we have with us whole sacks of them. Gold-dust also appears at first a Very curious medium of exchange; it is used especially in Cape Coast and Accra, where it is washed from the sand of the river banks which flows through the town. Every one of the market people carries a small pair of gold-scales, ‘with which he weighs out for a silver-groschen, or perhaps for a sechser, its worth of gold-dust; they then take these very small grains with them, wrapped up in a piece of rag. All these market people are natives, and sell palm-oil, cocoa-nuts, ent kinds of fruit, fish, home-woven cotton, &c. The clothes of the men consist simply of a napkin round the loins ; Or in addition, a long piece of cloth passed under one arm ~ VOL, V, Le 619 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE and over the other. They remove it from the shoulder, when they meet a white man and lay bare the heart by way of salutation. The women have these clothes also, and others in addition. The cloth round their loins is larger, and furnished behind with a monstrous bustle; the bigger this is, the more respectable is the woman, and the larger her family ; in many it projects like a saddle. Little children are perfectly naked. So soon, however, as a young girl assumes a piece of cloth by way of clothing, it is furnished with a bustle, which with time is made gradually larger. * Although I have at present had no opportunity of admir- ing the full splendour of tropical vegetation, yet many objects have fallen in my way which induced me to examine and to gather them. I regret very much that I have so many diffi- culties to overcome, in reference to my collections, from the scanty room on shipboard, and the humidity of the weather. If not attended to daily, everything is covered with mould, and even the paper in the chests becomes quite damp. Per- haps, after much pains, I am so fortunate as to get my | plants dry, with the help of the sun and steam-engine ; but I have still to look to them again, and often find cause enough for repeating the process. Notwithstanding all this trouble, the specimens are bad, they fall to pieces and mould con- tinually , and I must sit down under the sorry consolation, that I have effected with all my zeal as much as circumstances would allow." d On the 9th of August, the little fleet, after it had directed 4 its course from Accra straight across the Bight of Beni — — reached that mouth of the Niger which is called Nun, and : 4 Vogel writes from thence on the day of arrival, as follows : * Last night, without any remarkable wind, there Was 8° strong a rocking of the ship, that I scarcely slept a wink. * was up late for the first time, namely, after eight o'clock, and was not present at the morning prayers, which a German Missionary, from Sierra Leone, the Rev. Frederick Schön. performs from half past seven to eight. Breakfast comes between eight and nine; to day we had ham and yams, and OF. DR. A R: T; VOGEL. 611 as usual, coffee without milk. The atmosphere was so thick that we could often not see half a mile, though when there was for a moment a clear sky, we descried the mouth of a river, which we took for the Nun, therefore we anchored about six miles from the shore. The rain came down in torrents, and the whole of the gun-room was flooded. I betook myself to my cabin, from the window of which I let down the shutter, to enable me to see; but the cabin and bedding were soon so soaked from the entrance ofthe rain, that I was obliged to fly to the deck in my mackintosh. The awning is not waterproof, and the water stood in many places two inches deep; nevertheless, I tried to wile away the time there till dinner. This takes place between two and three, and, thanks to preserved meats, yams, pastry, &c., is very comfortable. Afterwards, the carpenter was in requisition to make my cabin water-tight. The win- dow-shutter was closed and the bed dried, as well as circum- stances permitted. The stove was again placed in the gun- room, so that we had the pleasant warmth of 87° Fahr. There . Was enough to occupy me till tea in putting my cabin to rights. At six o’clock we have tea, without milk, and sea- biscuit. At half-past seven, evening prayers. The rain having somewhat abated, my companion and I sought for a tolerably dry place, where wrapped in my cloak, I might smoke a cigar; and then I took a seat in the gun- . room, where I am writing this letter. The violent rolling of the ship, however, still continues, and its effect is evidenced in my more than ordinarily bad writing. “ Aug. 12. We lie at anchor in the epen sea, two or three . miles off Cape Nun; a stately fleet, consisting of the three Steamers, with a large transport and a small one, which will accompany us up the river. There is much to be done; the last stores are to be taken out of the transport, which leaves us here, and the ships supplied as much as possible with coal, that we may proceed up the Niger without delay, to its con- fluence with the Tschadda. “Sunday, Aug. 15, p.m. At last we have run into the Y +2 612 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE Nun, after having endured, while at anchor, the most frightful swell, and at the same time scarcity of water. The expedition, in fact, commences to-day ; after long delay, we are at length arrived at the place where our observations are to begin. The vegetation, when viewed from the ship, appears extremely luxuriant, and there is something like a forest. We shall probably remain some days in this place. I only hope that the rain will permit me to make good use of the time." At length, on the 11th of September, the expedition reached the confluence of the Niger and Tschadda, and on the 18th of September, Vogel thus writes : l * We arrived a week since at this place, which I conceived I might consider as an occasional place of rest. We reck- oned on a six days' course hither, with no delay at the mouth of the Nun ; instead of this, from our first arrival at the Nun (on the 10th of August), to our coming here, a month has elapsed. At Aboh and Iddáh some days were spent, till the desired contracts against the slave trade were concluded with the kings. This stay was, however, little to my purpose, for circumstances hardly allowed me at either place to go on shore; and at the latter 1 was unwell, though not extremely so. — At Iddáh, the country which was before low and flat, begins to be elevated and rises in mountains 2000 feet high, which, with occasional interruptions, extend to this place; where they are confined to the right bank of the river. Here and there, spots occur, which remind one of the Rhine; the bed of the riveris, however, too broad (generally above half a mile) to be picturesque, and is often broken and enlarged by various islands. The mountains are bare, without any signs of human industry; once only I saw a village on the top of a hill, which appeared very pretty. Mount Patteh, in whose neighbourhood we lie, is a quadran- - gular mountain on the right bank, rising precipitously on al -— sides about 1200 feet high, with many patches of forest, and thickly clothed everywhere with plants. At its foot grow - many slender Oil.Palms, so that the whole picture, painted - OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 613 with the fresh green which the rainy season has produced, 1 is very lovely. As I sit under the awning on the . quarter-deck, and look towards that spot, I cannot help . being pleased with the view, beholding in the solitary . Baobabs, and the Oil-Palms, though familiar to me now for weeks, forms which still interest me from their novelty. We have bought a piece of land on the right bank, extend- . ing from Mount Patteh to Beaufort Island, and at this . moment are preparing a habitation for the person who is to . have the charge of the station at the foot of the mountain. . The land is decidedly of bad quality, and a better situa- . tion will be sought for; the other bank is far more suitable, . but it has been rejected as too low; indeed, it is now under . Water. [tis impossible for me, at present, to say any thing . of the nature of the vegetation. We certainly have not . here the usual exuberance of the tropies; perhaps, since I have been on the river, I have collected three hundred species. No single family gives a peculiar character to the vegetation, but this depends on a mixture of many families. ‘Yet it is possible I may be deceived, for scarcely any trees at present are in blossom, many have only fruit, and others are without any characteristic organ. The Baobabs are abun- dant, most of them have the habit of old thick oaks, only they are perhaps proportionally lower, but I have met with none which has answered the expectation raised by Adan- Son and Golberry. Among Palms, the Oil-Palm alone is frequent along the river and in marshy places; the Fern 'alm occurs here and there, and the Cocoa extends as far as ddáh. I believe that I saw through the telescope a Tree trn. Parasitical Orchidee grow occasionally, though not commonly, lower down the river; here I have not met with one. A leafless Euphorbia, forming monstrously thick bushes, grows on Mount Patteh. Lianes are abundant, but their tree-like stems affect little the character of the landscape ; they form, with the mother-stem, a thick vegetable mass. The most interesting are the towering and climbing herba- 614 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE ceous plants, which, especially along the shore invest the shrubs and trees to a great height, often forming real vege- table walls, adorned with the sparkling blossoms of Convol- vuli, Cucurbitacee, and Asclepiadee. There is no fruit here adapted to European palates, the best is the Hog-Plum, which is worse than our Sloes, and its name indicates its quality. On the coasts there are good Pine-apples, Bananas, &c., but they are introduced ; the latter alone are cultivated here, though rarely. Horses are very scarce and not larger than asses, and the oxen resemble sheep. Butter and milk are rarely or never procurable, the eggs which are brought are all set upon, we have nothing but old hens for poultry. Bearing these matters in mind, I cannot help exclaiming with Ovid: z * Heu terra felici non adeunda viro. The natives, who come to us from far and near, behave extremely well; they have never shewn the slightest sign of 4 enmity, on the contrary, they are rather too confiding. They are not of that deep black hue which is observable in — other Africans, and in this neighbourhood they have often - very good features. "They understand spinning and making cloth; they know how to work in iron, to manu- facture knives, sabres, nails, &c.; they cultivate also tbe fields with some degree of skill. It is sad, however, fO - think, that they have possessed the same aptness for these — arts, probably from an almost inconceivable time, without making any improvement ; they want that spiritual energy, which renders every acquisition a step to further advance- ment. We have a daily market on the shore, whither the inhabitants of a neighbouring village resort in great numbers, to sell or barter what they possess. Small looking-glasses; framed in paper, meet with.very ready purchasers, and £ shall never forget the joy which beamed in the eyes many, when they first beheld their own faces in a mirror. The women, especially, cannot be satisfied with gazing on them- OP DR: J Re G VOGEL. 615 selves, smeared with the powder of a red wood: and their short hair standing upright in little tufts, so that they appear more like horned devils than human beings. In general, however, they prefer what is useful to trifles, pro- vided the latter be not too dazzling and enticing; as for instance, a bright red cap edged with gold. * We brought with us a quantity of articles of female . dress, often ornamented absurdly enough, as gauze handker- _ chiefs, sashes, &c., which they accept as presents with suffi- cient indifference, whereas they are very eager after large pocket handkerchiefs, which they wear round the loins. The _ men are all armed with bows and arrows. They value their _ arrows very highly, which are strongly poisoned; one of them, however, lately sold me all his implements of war, _ Viz., arrows, quiver and bow, a short wooden arm-plate, a _ knife and an iron ring, for 2000 cowries, about a dollar and a — half, which is-however not above half the original price. All these things are made convenient for use, and strong, but generally without much art. "The way they string their bow, which is about four feet long, is clever. In theright hand they hold a knife, with a hollow handle, through which they pass four fingers and the middle of the hand; on the thumb they . have an iron ring, and draw between this and the handle the bowstring, so that they cannot injure the hand. Besides, they are ready, as soon as the arrow is discharged, to use the knife. 'lhere is a peculiar custom in the whole of Africa, called * dash.” Before a person deals with a stranger, a present is given, called in African English, “dash.” As the Africans expect that strangers or Europeans give far more than they receive, this system is a sort of indirect im- post, and unpleasant to those who are not prepared for it, and I have seen many a silk handkerchief given away in this manner for nothing. The cotton ones, which I hag bought, have done me good service in this way ` “The weather has been very pleasant for travelling. The rainy season, which we have had in perfection, bestows at pre- sent only an occasional shower ; I expect therefore that the 616 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE river, now at its heght, will soon begin to fall. The heat in the afternoon is generally up to 83° Fahr., seldom so high as 87° or 90°. At night it sinks to 76° or 74°, which feels very cold after the heat of the day. But the sun has peculiar in- fluence here, especially when it bursts forth gradually after a gush of rain; it is then so burning, that I am glad to use an umbrella and a straw hat. “The country we have so slowly examined, is pronounced unhealthy. It is no wonder then that the African fever, or rather fevers, kept in check during the journey itself by the excitement, has broken out most terribly, so that the ships are so many lazarettos. At present we have had few deaths; but what may take place, it is impossible to say, for no sickness is more deceptive, or undergoes quicker changes, than this fever. Before the evil proclaimed itself so loudly, the plan was as follows: One ship, the Wilberforce, was to go up the Tschadda—this is still to be done. The two other ships were to ascend the Niger, as far as Bussah or higher. If they could not proceed further, two great boats were to be manned, and, if possible, to reach Timbuctoo. Now, however, a plan is arranged for sending the smallest vessel, the Soudan, down the river, to convey the sick to Fernando = Po. Ithink we shall be back here from the Tschadda in . from four to six weeks, and since the rainy season will then _be over, and I hope the alluvium on the shore so broad as to enable us to dwell there with comfort, I trust to be in fixed quarters and able to make wider excursions. Since being unwell a few days at Iddah, I have felt healthy and strong. The climate is, however, very injurious to an Eu- ropean constitution, and Sierra Leone also is considered unhealthy ; I have, however, found myself quite weil after strong exercise. I ascended Mount Patteh, which is about 1200 feet high, about six o'clock in the morning, without - much fatigue ; I was perfectly well, I botanized, returned at - two, took my luncheon and rested. But the whole afternoon - I found myself so extremely exhausted and incapable of doing T the least thing, as I never was before; with this consolation, OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 617 however, that I did not experience the slightest feeling of . illness. Every one of us, who is not sick, is plagued with = itching on the skin, and eruptions; this affliction, together with the mosquitos, which, however, at present have not been numerous, do not let us sleep at night. In short, it is a wretched existence for a European." The unhappy fate of the Expedition is too well known. Vogel writes on this subject from Clarence Cove, in the island of Fernando Po, on the 22nd of October ; * We were desirous of proceeding farther, to begin a real voyage of discovery, when the tropical fever, which we had long feared, but at last considered as left behind, broke out with such a degree of virulence, that in a short time almost all the Europeans were seized, and most of them suffered severely. On the same evening on which I wrote my last letter (18th of Sep- tember), I fell ill of the fever, which assumed a serious aspect. The sea air being considered the best remedy against the malady, we went all together down the river to this place. First, the Soudan with the sick ; then our ship, the Wilber- force; and lastly, the Albert, after it had proceeded up the Niger for some days, was finally compelled to return, and to bring all the Europeans with her. It is now the intention of the conductor of the Expedition to sail to Ascension, which is considered peculiarly healthy, there to await the perfect recovery of the sick, and in March, when a better climate for a European constitution is expected, again to ascend the Niger. I heard that I might be allowed to spend the interval at this place. They brought me on shore in a very | - high fever, and I have been now almost three weeks here. - The fever, which on my way was almost always upon me; has- believe, out of all danger. But my strength returns very - slowly, and I shall scarcely be able for these six weeks to resume my botanical investigations. At present I cannot walk, but stumble over my own feet. One of the ships, the _ Wilberforce, is gone to Ascension; the Albert, which pipe: _ later, is here, and will wait for the recovery of her sic TOL: y, 2.7 left me for the last week and a half, and I am now, AE 618 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE * Of the Island of Fernando Po itself I can say little; I have not yet been in a condition to look round me. Yet it seems rich in plants, and I hope especially that the examina- tion of the mountains may prove productive; for they are mainly covered with thick woods, and the highest point is above 10,000 feet high. 'The accommodations are but limited and poor. All the houses are merely made of boards, knocked together, and are raised on strong posts, which are obliged to be frequently renewed to keep off the vermin, and to facilitate the current of air. They are constructed, princi- pally, with a view to airiness; the windows, that is the shutters, do not close ; the roof is seldom water-tight, and in the walls and floor are great holes, so that during a heavy rain, such as prevailed yesterday, our chamber is almost flooded, and it is merely the holes in the floor which, allowing the water to escape, give some relief. The German Mineralo- gist, belonging to the Expedition, who is somewhat more advanced than myself towards recovery, will remain here, and we have clubbed together for our housekeeping; but . even this is expensive. Anything in the shape of a kitchen is out ofthe question. To the open space under the house, which is beaten hard like a barn-floor, the cook brings every day his iron grate, and prepares, with a monstrous consumption - of wood, in four or five iron pots, every thing that can be procured for food. There is, however, no great choice. We have fowls, and beef when ships come, but only then, and occasionally fish. Yams never fail, and they are excellent, so that I prefer them by far to our potatoes. What a pity that there is no possibility of introducing this plant at home! We can have them every day; indeed the poorer people live almost entirely upon yams. Add to this, rice, which however is not cultivated here; and it is almost all — ‘ that the country can afford to set a poor invalid on his legs — — again ; and it is little enough! If any thing else be wanted, — it must be procured from Europe. For our domestic affairs, : we are obliged to have two servants, of whom one is cook. OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 614 Each receives daily a shilling, so that the two cost above three pounds sterling a month, and we have to keep them too. Both together do not accomplish in a day half so much as one European would. Meanwhile, my life passes in eating, drinking and sleeping, for 1 am fit for nothing else, and am unfit even for that. The Expedition will go up the Niger again in March, and it is hoped will be in a condition to remain there till autumn ; if so, we shall return at the end of next year to Europe. Should I regain my strength by the . . commencement of the dry season, and be able to devote so . many months to this island, I expect to reap such a harvest as will content me for some time." Vogel's last letter is from the same place, dated the 22nd . of November, and is as follows: * Since I wrote last, there bas been no great alteration. My recovery is tardy, but pro- gressive; or, rather, 1 have been well for some time, only my strength returns very slowly. Yet I am able to under- - . take moderate excursions ; longer ones I must defer, till the . occasional rains cease entirely. I am most desirous of going _ to the mountains and to lead there for some time a really natural existence; for here there is a wretched mixture of artificial and natural. For these last five weeks, we have had every thing in our domestic arrangements to superintend . ourselves ; otherwise we must have engaged more servants, _ and that is not only expensive, but we have quite enough to do to manage the two we have. An African servant will not listen to orders, but will do every thing out of his own head, and if his taste does not agree with his master's, the master he thinks must comply with his. If I say to the cook, “this must not be dressed so," he answers quietly, “That is how I like it ;” and if my servant, contrary to my directions, goes out for the whole evening, he says coolly, “ When you have got your meal, you have nothing more to do with me." It is often difficult to procure any thing for dinner; we have had no meat for two days, and there was none to be got for money. The same is often the case with bread, and if one has not a stock of ship biscuit, there is great difficulty about ; z272 620 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE it. The light afforded by a palm oil lamp is worse than that of the lamps which, in Germany, are allowed to servants, and this is very bad when we have any work to do in the evening. What I chiefly dislike is the host of ants, beetles, moths, &c., which swarm every where: they are very destructive to my collections, and I wage constant war with them. Besides the wasps, flies of all sorts, lizards, salamanders and rats pay us constant visits, so that a Zoologist ought to rejoice in having so good an opportunity to make their acquaintance." While Vogel was busied in this manner with plans and preparations for future exertions, whieh bade fair to be pro- ductive, and this perhaps too early for his strength, the seeds of the last fatal malady were developed. In December, that is, at the time when the rain ceases to pour down in torrents, cold and damp weather prevailed in the island, which is highly prejudicial to Europeans. 1 In consequence, on the 4th of December, Vogel was seized with a dysentery which confined him to bed, and daily ex- hausted his strength. Dr. Thomson, surgeon of the Soudan, Dr. Mc William, of the Albert, and other physicians, paid. him the greatest attention, and Herr Roscher, the companion . of his journey, his fellow-lodger and friend, never left the bed-side of the patient, who bore all the sufferings conse- quent on his complaint with the strength of mind peculiar to. him, and without ever losing heart. In spite of all, on the. thirteenth day of his illness he departed, and without pain, about mid-day, on the 17th of December. His death — was calm and peaceful. He had spoken daily of the ex-. pected wanderings amongst. the mountains, and even a few minutes before his death he asked his friend if he had got every thing ready for their excursion. His mortal remains | were committed to the earth the same evening, by the side of Captain Bird Allen, who departed before him. The ship's company carried the coffin, which was attended by the com, mander, Captain Fishbourne, Dr. Me William, Captain Bee- croft, Dr. King, Mr. Scott and his wife, and many of his fellow voyagers, by all of whom he was esteemed on account OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 621 of his benevolent and noble disposition, and his really Chris- tian virtues. His little property, according to contract, came into the possession of the African Civilization Society, and it is to be hoped that his collections and journals, the precious relies of an activity, which was extinguished at the moment when a wider and more worthy field of action presented itself, will not be lost to science. Vogel was by nature large and well-formed ; his constitu- tion, with the exception of a slight weakness in the chest and a tendency to rheumatism, was excellent; his countenance serious but benevolent, and exciting confidence. Active, without immoderate energy, he rested not till the work he had undertaken was accomplished. ‘As a man, he was a fearer of God, of strict integrity, high-minded, indulgent towards faults ; warm in speech, though with a constant ob- servance of propriety. Towards his friends, he was always - true and devoted, towards his colleagues, upright, disinte- rested and conciliatory. As a teacher, during the short time he was so employed, he excited approbation and love, and much was to be expected from him had he lived longer. What he would have done as a writer, is incontestibly shewn by his publications. Journal of the Voyage to the Nicer of Dr. J. R. T. Vocgr.* ` Wednesday, 12th of May, after 7 o'clock, P. m., we quitted = Devonport. Knowing that I should be attacked with sea- _ Sickness, and not be able to attend with accuracy to many matters, I determined to confine my attention during the _ voyage to the subject of temperature, and more espe- cially to that of the sea, which I therefore ascertained . at noon, and noted in my meteorological journal. The weather being favourable, I suffered less, although never —. * Translated from the original German Journal of Dr. Vogel, in the : Possession of the African Civilization Society, by the kindness of F. . Scheer, Esq., of Kew Green,—Ep. 622 JOURNAL OF THE quite free from sea-sickness, than I had expected, and became anxious to extend my observations to the temperature of the air, and to the barometer. Our instrument had not been rectified, and being without a thermometer to mark the temperature of the quicksilver, was rather useless: in our days, such imperfect observations are of little value. Nor could I find on the whole deck a place for my thermometer, without exposing it to many dangers, and the contrivance proposed by me for that purpose, and approved of by the captain, is not yet finished. This evening I paid particular attention to the phospho- rescence of the sea. In this latitude it is not seen except in the wake of the ship. Only the waves nearest the vessel were illuminated, and in fact, it appeared to me, that it was solely the case with those actually in contact with it. If so, the phosphorescence would seem, here atleast, to be the result of mere mechanical friction. It did not appear to be much - influenced by the moisture or dryness of the atmosphere, for being very strong on Saturday evening, when the psychro- meter showed a difference of 1.19 (56.1? against 55°). No animals or plants were picked up. Ata distance I descried some dolphins, others saw Alge and Nautili; and some tired swallows settled on the ship. . Friday, May 21.—We reached Madeira in the morning. The Flora of this island has become of late better known, through Mr. Lowe, who has described many new species. 1 intended to devote the few days of our stay to the study of the indigenous plants; but the uncertainty of our departure did not allow of distant excursions, and obliged me to limit myself to the vicinity of Funchal. I took immediately 4 walk along the south-eastern coast, with Mr. Lowe, who kindly pointed out the habitat of many indigenous species; amongst which were chiefly Mathiola Maderensis, Sideroxylon — Marmulana, etc. On Saturday, 22nd, I was early on horse- back, towards the Ribeira Frio, where, according to Mr. Lowe, the choicest native plants are to be found. The road VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 623 erossed Mount Church, whose barren precipices are at first covered with Spartium scoparium, higher up with shrubs of Laurus and Erica, and then especially with the magnificent Vaccinium Maderense. On the summit it was dreadfully cold, with fog, sometimes like rain. The valley was filled with mist, clearing occasionally, just enough to see the Laurus trees, that hung down from the surrounding steeps. This Laurus, several interesting Ferns, and a few other plants, were, owing to the bad weather, the unexpectedly small fruit of this trip. On the succeeding Sunday, I chiefly visited the gardens about the town. The singularly favourable situation of Funchal, enjoying in consequence of the protection af- forded by the surrounding mountains against cold winds, an invariably moderate temperature, has been frequently dwelt upon. I had plenty of opportunity to perceive this, for during my stay, the weather was there constantly fine and warm, with, at the utmost, a gentle shower; but once be- yond the mountains, I experienced the most furious winds, and the valleys were filled with thick mists, loaded with as much moisture as heavy rains. It were interesting to ascer- tain the duration and intensity of these mists, which are re- markably dense, and must be highly beneficial to a barren island and fertilizing to its valleys. Later in the season, the weather is said to be clear and settled in the interior also. The valley of Funchal receives several rivulets, and has not at this time any deficiency of water. Chestnut trees ‘abound _ in the valleys, and the lower declivities are frequently covered - with patches of Pines. To the gardens at Funchal the pre- . command splendid prospects towards the town and bay. One - . really may fancy oneself in the East when walking, and still . more when riding between these gardens, which are enclosed with stone walls, over which it is easy to behold the nu- merous hedges of roses full of bloom. The singular spectacle of the union of Bananas and Pine-apples with our European fruit-trees, has been frequently noticed, and is particularly vailing state of the atmosphere is highly genial, and they 624 JOURNAL OF THE attractive. to any new comer. Horticulture, from what 1 could see, was chiefly practised for profit's sake ; though in several gardens there were some choice plants, which struck, on account of their finer growth, the European traveller, who had hitherto only seen them in the greenhouse or stóve. Large Dracenas were rare; whether this tree still occurs in an un- cultivated state, I know not ; no one collects the Gum Dragon, except as a curiosity. Dr. Renton showed me some fine Coffee trees, covered with fruit, of which the quality is said to be good. He regretted, that instead of Festuca Donax, the Bamboo was not more generaly grown, as it succeeds so well; and I agree with him. On Monday and Tuesday I made excursions in the valley called the Corral, and to the great water-fall, which yielded me, besides the common plants of Madeira, a few rare ones, viz.: Ranunculas grandifolius, Sempervivum sp. Sinapidendron frutescens, Low., Bystropogon punctatus, Herit., Bupleurum salicifolium, Sol., Physalis pubescens, &c. According to my limited experience, the Flora of Mädeira is of à thoroughly South-European character ; only a very few plants, chiefly Dracena, pointing out an extra-European mixture. I do not speak of the neighbourhood of Funchal; a botanical garden there, established with proper judgment, would lead to brilliant results; a novice in travelling revels in the southern forms here first offered to his view. i ida Of two individual plants I will only here observe, that the indigenous Parietaria is that known in Germany as P. diffusa. Of Cassia 1 only saw Cassia bicapsularis, L., the true species, flowering, but not in fruit, during my stay. Cassia ruscifolia, which is indigenous, according to Jacquin, in Madeira, Mr. Lowe assures me, certainly does not grow in the island, and that Cassia occidentalis exists only in a single garden. The history of these species remains therefore still obscure. — — — Tuesday, May 25.—Left Madeira in the evening. 1 had — exposed myself too much during my last excursion to the — waterfall, to the soaking rain, burning sun, and wet, in wading — VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 625 through brooks. The guide had committed an error; for these people engage to conduct you any where, whether they know the place or not. I was, consequently, several days unable to move, and when we arrived, on Friday the 28th of May, in the port of Santa Cruz, I could do no more than cast a few glimpses on the island. The next day I resumed my . Observations on the temperature of the sea; but my illness, which was an entire interruption of the digestive powers, continued till we reached Cape de Verd Islands. =- Thursday, June 3, we were off St. Vincent. We had mis- taken the small adjoining Sta. Lucia for the former, and ap- proached it so closely, that we could examine the nature of its shores, which gave only a prospect of wildness and Sterility. Sailing along the high cliffs of the western coast of St. Vincent, I looked anxiously for some traces of vegetation, but only distinguished, far off, a few shrubs, and it was dark ere we anchored at Porto Grande. I hastened the next morning early on deck, impatient to survey, for the first _ time, an entirely tropical vegetation. "The back of the bay is . flat and sandy, with a few cottages on the north-east side ; beyond the shore rise hills overtopped in the distance by mountains. I could clearly descry two main valleys, reaching . far inland, and exhibiting the same white sand as the beach. Every place was burnt up and bare of vegetation, except a _ few shrubs in one of the valleys, whither I directed my first walk, and found these were Tamarix Senegalensis, a shrub mostly 6 to 7 feet high, but sometimes a small tree, being the only plant, I might almost say the only object, which In these valleys affords any shadow. After a search of four — hours, climbing several hills and crossing as many valleys, - : T only met with two plants, the same Tamarix, and a low Shrub-like Labiata, (Lavandula formosa?) almost dried up, With few leaves and some blossoms just opening. 1 found Subsequently, that this plant spreads over the whole island. The Great Desert, whose horrors are so eloquently described by travellers, cannot exhibit a more desolate aspect than this part of St. Vincent. Yet the soil ought to be fertile, for 626 JOURNAL OF THE it is a conglomerate of large and small bits of basalt, in a loamy and chalky soil, closely covered in many places with dried grass, forming natural hay and furnishing scanty fodder to cattle and goats, when they have not the Tamarix to nibble at. This soil only wants water, and we may guess, from these remnants of its vegetation, how fertile it must be, when supplied during the brief rainy season with some moisture.* To the above-mentioned plants of the plain, (if I may so express myself, where there is only hill and dale), I could add subsequently very few more. A small Euphorbia, perhaps prostrata or serpyllifolia, but appearing new to me, a few littoral plants, especially Zygophyllum album or sim- plex ; and on the shore, Cassia obovata, just then in blossom and fruit, and extending about 600 feet (German?) up the mountains. This scanty harvest induced me to explore the higher regions for more botanical treasures; but even there 1 found frequently the same barrenness. The mountain chain, which borders the western side of the chief valley, rising frequently to 1500 feet, only afforded me a dozen species on its northern declivity. Two spots however were more productive, viz : the highest ridge and the next highest, situated rather more towards the middle of the island. The former is undoubtedly the richest, and hence goes by the name of “Monte Verte.” It is a basaltic rock, topping à gradually ascending table-land, according to my barometrical admeasurement, as high as 2500 feet. It is the only moun- tain in the island, having its summit always enveloped in clouds ; consequently there are, on its upper half, many well watered spots, whilst every thing else is burnt by drought. — Of the difference between the lower and mountain vege- tation I can hardly speak; but it seemed clear that many plants, flourishing on the mountain, did also grow in te | lower country, though now dried up. With the Tamaris of : the plain, grows a shrubby Euphorbia (I believe the only ** According to the natives, the wet season lasts from the beginning A of August to the middle of October, pretty regularly, but sometimes very — VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 627 frutescent Euphorbia of the island) commonly 2 or 3 feet high; but sometimes a small tree, with twenty or thirty leaves amongst the blossoms at the ends of its branches, it is characteristic of the mountains and gives an agreeable verdure to the clefts, abounding in the upper valleys and reaching to the very top of Monte Verte. It appears to be the same found by Brunner at St. Jago, and mentioned as Euph. genistoides ? I think it is an undescribed species. A spreading, creeping, branching, completely leafless Ascle- piadea, occurred frequently, at 500 feet, on small flats, or pendent from rocks, sometimes with white flowers at the tips of the branches. A handsome Statice, a Campanula (related to dulcis) a Labiata with red flowers and coriaceous leaves, (Lavandula ?), a Sida, which I am inclined to think new, with a Linaria, Borago Africana, Echium, Tribulus terrestris, Achyranthes aspera, Lotus sp., half a dozen Com- _ posite, a shrubby Urtica, a flowerless Sempervivum, and a . few Graminee and Cyperacee, formed in this region a _ pleasant spectacle, such as one would hardly have expected on an apparently desert island. The general aspect of vege- tation was very European, enhanced by Samolus Valerandi, Nasturtium officinale, and Plantago minor ? To these situations were some cultivated plants; but they looked, at least just now, very poorly; Beans (especially Lablab) Maize, Cucum- bers, a few Bananas, Cotton, Ricinus, and Batatas, seemed to be the chief, but hardly in sufficient quantity for the six or seven hundred inhabitants. The Bananas fur- nished to us, were said to come from St. Antonio. There _ Were also a few Sycamore figs, and Jatropha Curcas ; there are Said to be some Guavas and Papayas. A creeping Convol- ulus is much grown, and in reply to my repeated inquiries, lwas always assured that it was used as thatch. .. In Cryptogamia this island is proportionally still poorer. Four ferns, all at above 400 feet, a few Conferve, perbaps _ three or four Mosses, on the top of Monte Verte, all without fructification, and Alge on the sea coast very sparingly. Of insects, I found chiefly flies and grasshoppers; few " xm 628 JOURNAL OF THE beetles. On the whole I have collected here about eighty or ninety Phanerogamia in flower. Wednesday, June 6.—Towards the evening we quitted this, certainly most sterile island, after a stay of thirteen days. I had been most anxious to visit the adjacent island, which from all accounts appeared more interesting ; but this wish could not be indulged, the uncertainty of our departure rendering such an excursion hazardous. However, the Wilberforce had now to go there, (to Terrafal Bay) for water. We anchored off St. Antonio on the same evening, without exactly recognising the spot where we were. In the morning _ we descried the green shore, proving to be the valley which — was to furnish the water. There is a plantation intersected by a clear brook, full in the upper part, but caught in ponds near the coast, for the purpose of irrigating the grounds ; and as the distance is considerable, the ground very dry, and the conduits ill contrived, much valuable water is lost. It would be better to conduct the water in the exact direction of the chief valley, which would shorten its way to the - coast considerably. The map of Vidal, however excellent, is not quite correct as regards this valley. Our short stay did not allow me to visit the whole valley. Close to the shore were many plants of Asclepias gigantea, whose shining coriaceous leaves attracted notice, even from on board ship. _ The plantation consists chiefly of some Sugar-cane, Cotton, Papaya, Citrons, Limes, Guavas, Ricinus, Curcas, and Figs. — Higher up the valley Bananas are chiefly grown, with Cassia — occidentalis, Cocoa and Capsicum. Amongst the plants On — the sandy shore, there were frequently Argemone Mexicana, Heliotropium, a Sonchus, several Grasses, &c. The other indigenous plants correspond mostly with those of St. Vin- cent, but grow more luxuriantly. The same Sida was common ; the usual Euphorbia (prostrata?), Cassia obovata, - Tribulus terrestris, the leafless Asélepiadea of St. Vincent, Borago Africana and Tamarix Senegalensis were also tout here; in the part of the plantation nearest the shore grows an Indigofera (near Ind. Anil) a new species of Phaca; (P. An E VOYAGE TO THE. NIGER. 629 micrantha), and a Plumbago, which if it be P. scandens, mentioned as belonging to St. Jago, must be indigenous on these islands. "The brook in the main valley was full of Bamboo, which looked very pretty, especially where inter- twined with Convolvolus near a small cascade. Along the stream there I also noticed an Epilobium, Plantago, Cyperus and Samolus Valerandi. Orchil is chiefly exported from this island. Friday, June 18.—Left St. Antonio at noon. Unfavourable winds and the rolling of the sea made me sick for several days, and I found it not a little disagreeable to be every morning soaked with water, dripping into my cabin, when the deck was washed overhead. The first days, especially, it poured through in absolute streams, and swamped every thing. Of course, my plants suffered not a little, and many things were so spoiled, that I was absolutely forced to throw them overboard. If I were a surgeon in the Royal Navy, I would | make most humble supplication that more care should be devoted to the construction of ship’s decks, and recommend their being water-tight, which surely cannot be difficult, and if I were not attended to, I would add, like a second Cato Censorius, to every report a “ ceterum censeo," that the decks be rendered water-tight. It must be surely extremely injurious to health to lie in wet beds.* On my recovery, (Tuesday 22) I recommenced my observations on the tempe- rature of the sea, and was surprised to find it in this latitude still so high. It, however, soon decreased, and towards the Coast became very irregular. With regard to the observa- _ tion of Tuesday, June 22, at half past three, p.w., of 86° 1^, I will here especially observe, that every care A" -— _ taken to avoid any chance of error. -~ Saturday, June 26.—We anchored isi: evening at Free Town, Sierra . Leone, which presents a very charming appearance. From the Cape of Sierra Leone to the town, gentle undulations, bordered by a mountain chain, on which . * This defect, it is well known, does not occur generally in men-of- Var, and seldom except in man-of-war steamers.—(H. D. Trotter). 630 JOURNAL OF THE one may distinguish isolated trees, run close to the shore of the river, while the intermediate space, and even far up the ascent, is covered with the most luxuriant vegetation, bril- liantly shining in the full tropical freshness of the rainy season, which is just set in. Between the shrubs, many negro villages, full of closely set cottages with pointed roofs, are sprinkled up to the town, and beyond it along the river. The town itself has a very pleasing appearance: though laid out in regular streets, the houses stand as yet singly amongst trees and shrubs. Probably the aspect of the country may not always be so agreeable; we are now at the end of the tornadoes when the land has been considerably invigorated by rains; a few months earlier it probably looked very dif- ferent. Some turns of the mountain-road afford indeed most splendid prospects. The vegetation of Sierra Leone has been so 'often described, that my observations, limited as they were by our short stay, can hardly be worth notice. What may perhaps not be generally known, is the fact, that Orchidacee occur here frequently; at Mr. Whitfield’s I saw a collection of more than thirty species, which he means to take to Europe in a living state. The edible fruits, so inte- resting through Sabine's publication of Brown's Remarks in Don's Collection, were not just now to be met with, and it requires, in fact, more local knowledge than can be acquired in a few days, to get them together. I inquired a great deal after the somewhat mystical Cream-fruit of Afzelius. The name was unknown; and several persons, even Mr. Whit- field, guessed from my description, that it must be a fruit they called Bird-lime, of which the said gentleman gave me a dried, nearly ripe specimen. Itis not eaten readily by any body. Although there are here discrepancies, | must after all believe, that we have yet to learn whether Cream-fruit, Bird-lime and Don’s sweet Pishanin are, or are not, iden- : tical. The Oil Palm (Elais Guineensis) is the only one E occurring often near Free-Town. It is monoecious; te male flower growing above the female. It produces fruit me (perhaps not always) when only 7 feet high, and before the — VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 631 lowest ribs have decayed. I also saw a Leguminosa, belong- ing, as far as I could judge from the fruit, to the genus Afzelia, but if so, it would form a separate division. Though a rich flora, it was not, either near the town or in the mountains, by any means so luxuriant as descriptions had led me to expect. The soil is a close clay, impregnated with iron, and cannot therefore be fertile. It having been soon ascertained that the land near the town could not yield so much as had been expected, the attention of the earlier emigrants was already directed towards other parts of the vicinity. I know not with what success; but it is singular, that this thickly peopled colony should not produce any thing fit for exportation; the trade in teak or comwood . Seems only a waste of the rich endowments of nature. This . Surely is a matter worth consideration. The Africans, col- -lected here in such multitudes, furnish abundant and cheap . labourers, and yet there is no cultivation on an enlarged . scale. Much diligence is used to convert and educate the — “liberated Africans;" but without any beneficial influence n the neighbouring tribes. This is not very satisfactory, and shows that if it was intended to extend civilization to these parts, great faults must have been committed, and also proves that the Africans are not inclined to follow a good example. The liberated Africans, on their arrival at Sierra æone, are apprenticed with a planter till their twentieth Year; after that, a piece of land is apportioned to them, from _ Which they raise a scanty maintenance. On the whole, their villages appeared to me, as far as I saw them, clean and Cheerful (of course cum grano salis). But the total want of : hospitality, for several times we found it impossible to get ànything to eat, was painful. .. During the few days that we spent here, the weather was mostly fine; the sky generally bright, with a hot sun, though Sometimes clouded ; towards evening tornadoes occurred, ringing frequently several hours rain. After having abun- - dantly enjoyed the noise of African tongues and the offen- Sive exhalations of their persons, especially on Thursday, 632 JOURNAL OF THE when the Kroomen and negroes were engaged, we left Free Town on Friday, July 2, about noon. Having the “ Soudan” in tow, we made but slow progress, and only got to Mon- rovia,* on Monday, July 5, and cast anchor in the bay. The few hours which I devoted to a walk towards the head of Cape Mesurado, taught me, that the vegetation is very similar to that of Sierra Leone. Sarcocephalus esculentus grew abundantly ; and the fruit called pomegranate by Don, occurred sparingly. A Poivrea, with beautiful red flowers, seems new. Cassia occidentalis, Borreria Kohautiana, and an herbaceous Phyllanthus grew in abundance. Around the dwellings Coffee Trees had been planted, but left to grow too freely; Limes, Figs, Curcas, Guavas, Ananas, Anona muricata and also Cytisus Cajan and Arrow-root were cultivated; Bananas and Oil Palms occurred of course. The plantations were no doubt more extensive, but during my short stay, I could not see more, I was told, of Cotton and Sugar. Anona muricata is much eaten, both here and at Sierra Leone, under the name of Soursop, and l was assured that it is considered the finest of all, but I could not taste it without disgust; altogether I cannot join in the praise of African fruit. The land was not very rich. On the shore there is the same iron clay as at Sierra Leone, and somewhat higher up to the Cape it also prevails (according laa etal to Rosher), only finer grained and firm. In several places — water (rain?) has percolated, and caused it to assume singular — shapes, almost models of mountain ridges. Monrovia Town has a pleasing appearance, many of the 1 houses are large. Few white people are seen. The coloured - population, few of whom I had any intercourse with, appeared — 1 inquisitive, obtrusive, and fond of idleness; no traces 0 hospitality, but an eagerness to make money, and a desire 1 to affect importance. The connectiont between Liberia and * Monrovia is the capital of the American colony of Liberia.—(H- D. : = Trotter). i + The settlement of Liberia is under the control of a Society, inthe — United States; the Superintendent being appointed by the Society and VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 633 the United States I -could not make out very clearly. There is but one flag flying in Monrovia, that of the United States, viz: on the house of the Governor, professedly because he is the American Consul. The school-house is a large hall, hung with maps of Africa and America; there . were also near the raised desk some philosophical instru- ments, used by the missionary, who had also some prepared heads of animals, as he told me, during his lectures. The boys and girls are taught in the same room ; but as I was there only during the free hours, I could not witness the method of instruction practised. It is singular, that instead, as we hear of Liberia being on good terms with the natives, it is always at war with them. The last war ended _ about six months ago. The inhabitants allege the destruc- tion of the slave factories as the cause. The rainy season had now fairly set in, and my cabin being so damp that I could not dry either plants or paper, to form a collection became impossible, and I carried away but a few single specimens. Near Monrovia, is a Kroo town, whence fishermen, in their small canoes and with angling lines, came paddling about our ship. Except a slight covering on the head, they were quite naked; and in warm vest this was probably the fittest attire for them. "Towards the evening of Tuesday, July 6th, we left Mon- rovia, and until Thursday evening, were in tow of the Albert. We then proceeded, by ourselves to Grand Bassa, where we anchored on Friday morning, for the purpose of taking in fuel. We stayed several days, not one of which passed Without rain, sometimes most violent throughout the entire day. This and other circumstances, limited my researches to the immediate vicinity of the shore, where, however, I found re plants than I was able to preserve. I made a collection by the United States government. By the laws of the United States, e Federal Union eannot possess colonies, beyond the seas.—(H. D. Trotter.) eyo : À A A 634 JOURNAL OF THE of about a hundred specimens, at the risk of losing every thing by the wet. Many plants, especially the monocotyle- donous, were not yet in flower; and I regretted this most especially in the case of the numerous parasitical Orchidee. The shore is flat and sandy, and the sand has drifted so far inland, that I never got beyond it. There were no forests, only bushes, intermingled with isolated high trees, which I could not determine, for they were all without blossom or fruit. The African Bombax appeared amongst them, and I found the same Spondias as at Sierra Leone, forming a con- siderable tree, respecting which I feel doubtful whether it be identical with S. Myrobalanus. The pride of this coast is the - Elais, often growing in clumps of twelve or more, exhibiting under different circumstances a different habit, and giving a considerable variety of aspect to the country. This Palm is of generally moderate height, and constitutes with various Fici, the chief masses of wood. The underwood consists of close-growing shrubby Rubiacee, with shining leaves, inter- mingled with Gloriosa superba, Cissi, Leguminose, Banisterie, as creepers, leaving hardly room for Melastoma and other low plants that peep through with their fine blossoms. - It is a very interesting sight, that of a few Oil Palms growing in a clump, the ribs of the lower leaves stil adhering to the stems, which are clothed with a fresh verdure of parasitical Ferns and Orchidaceæ, whilst other parasites, such as Ferns, Pothos, Anone, Commeline, small Rubiacee and Leguminos®; choose the airy shelter of the foliage for their habitation. Of single plants one might specify Sarcocephalus, which occurs frequently, the same Phyllanthus as in Liberia, Schmidelia Africana, a genus of Apocynee, apparently new and near Tabernemontana, remarkable for its double fruit as large as a child's head, the seeds nestling in the almost woody | pulp, wild Sugar-cane, not in blossom, Conocarpus erectus, var. 8. a small shrub, a probably new Cassytha, Scevola (really different from S. Lobelia ?}), Indigofere, sp. Canna, SP» — Cassia occidentalis (cultä.), Boreria Kohautiana, &c. The Sty- — osanthes forms a close jungle, with its erect and much VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 635 branched stem, about 14 foot high, along the sandy shore: À few open spaces amongst the shrubby woods were covered, as if cultivated, with Cyperacee, amongst which a species of Eriocaulon is frequent. À few more watered spots showed Grasses, with a beautiful Orchidea 2 or 3 feet high. Near the village, I found Euphorbia drupifera, Schum. An excursion to the river enabled me to examine the Mangrove woods, where a Rhizophora (different from R. Mangle?), bat not yet in ripe fruit, formed the bulk of the woods; amongst it an Avicennia, judging by the leaves, different from that at Sierra Leone (nitida >), was frequent, and the shrubby Conocarpus racemosus (is it not identical with an American species?), which so far as I know, has not yet been enumerated amongst African plants, but inhabits similar situations at Sierra Leone. Inter- mixed with these, Drepanocarpus hamatus rendered my pro- gress very difficult. Pandanus Candelabrum, without leaves; . occurs here for the first time, in swamps. An Anona (a tree . . 10 to 12 feet high), in fruit, and apparently very similar to chrysocarpa, Lepr., if not the same, was not uncommon in .. these swamps. Leguminous trees seem rare, and do not attain a large size; there are no Mimose or Cesalpinie. Of = Cultivated plants, the Sweet cassada is most valued and _. Brown; also Rice, various sorts of Capsicum, Papaw and Plantains, and Holtus here and there, with Ananas in large . quantities amongst the shrubs. . Our anchorage was between a town belonging to Liberia; and called Idine (according to the pronunciation), and the River :Keûn, nearer the latter. The jungle begins with the flat shore, and the native villages, consisting of a few huts, _ are situated amongst it. The Kroomen live near the shore ; _ the natives are of another race. The cottages of the former = Which I visited, were neat and clean, built of mats, square, . With pointed roofs, and generally a raised floor, 14 feet above the ground, composed of plaited palm-ribs. The Kroomen | lves appeared rather intelligent; and they pleased me by their igen and modest behaviour, touching AAA2 nn LS Se y a à 636 JOURNAL OF THE none of my things without permission, which might have served as a good example to the people of Liberia. Wednesday, July 14th—We left in the afternoon, and anchored on Friday, July 16th, about ten o'clock, A.M., off Cape Palmas, to take in a fresh supply of fuel. The Cape is formed by a narrow projection into the sea, on the foremost part of which, the houses of the American colony have been built. "The dwellings of the fishermen are situated on the part nearest the main land. Their huts are very different from those of the Kroomen of Grand Bassa, being without raised floors, and having much more pointed roofs. The buildings of the American colony are straggling, and they extend, as I was told, about four miles into the interior, There are none but people of colour at the Cape; the only whites, if I understood rightly, being a few missionaries, who devote all their attention to the natives. At this colony, the soil is very bad; the rock, frequently protruding through it, consists of hornblende (micaceous slate). The soil is a very hard iron-clay, in small clumps, originating, according to Rosher's statement, in the débris of decomposed granite veins traversing the rock ; but to me it appears that the rock itself has much to do with the formation. Further up the stream, the land is said to be good. North of Cape Palmas, the river, according to the statement of the Governor, is navigable for : seven miles with canoes, and empties itseelf into the sea, through several mouths. From a distance, the Cape has an agreeable aspect; the isthmus is well clothed with vegetation, and beyond it the beautiful forms of the Oil and Fan Palm are seen. SON My excursions were limited to the isthmus and nearest parts. On the isthmus grows Phenix spinosa, Th., a low shrub; beyond the riveritis said to produce flowers and fruit. A few Cocoas* had been planted, some years back, and * The inhabitants believe, that whoever plants a Cocoa-palm, will die | before it produces fruit (i. e. in about seven years). The chief of the © p fishermen yielded at last to the entreaties of the American Governor, and o VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 637 were still small, as were the trees of Anona muricato. The plants chiefly cultivated seemed to be Cassava, Sweet-potato, Bananas, Plantains, Indian corn, and Rice, while Cassia occi- dentalis was seen in every cultivated spot ; the same Spondias as before grows also here; Coffee had been introduced from Monrovia ; here and there the indigenous species of Cotton had been raised ; Arachis hypogea (Africana ?) I found planted in one place. Of the native Flora, which, however, I have hardly seen, Rubiacee, Convolvulacee, Leguminosæ were chiefly conspicuous. The same Anona (near chrysocarpa) as in Grand Bassa grew here; Pandanus Candelabrum on dry ground, several sorts of Figs, amongst which is the small fruited kind of Grand Bassa ; Jatropha Curcas was frequently employed for fences. Amongst the underwood I found a small shrubby tree, related to Belvisia (Napoleona), and probably a distinct genus nearly approaching it, it bore blos- som and fruit; the latter convinced me that I had seen the same, and a species but little differing from it at Grand Bassa. Sunday, July 18th.—We left Cape Palmas about 2, p.m., and were off Cape Coast Castle on the evening of Saturday, the 24th. On Sunday, Captain Trotter issued a circular, prohibit- . ing any one belonging to the expedition from remaining all . night on shore, the unhealthy season here having begun. The Gold Coast was of the greatest importance to me, the plants . described by Schumacher forming a sort of standard for the . African Flora; but I deemed it best to be careful, and to decline all friendly invitations to stay on land, although this . Would have been of infinite advantage in collecting, send in | Sa almost indispensable. "The vicinity of the town exhibits no great Meses necne ànd gneiss, often naked, extending to the coast. A few miles _ inland, a fine black loam prevails, suos very favourable Put some Cocoa-nuts in the ground; he then drove cattle over the spot, _ that he might not incur the —— of planting and covering them : with earth ! 638 JOURNAL OF THE for cultivation, and further inland still, the soil is said to be extremely fertile, consisting probably of vegetable mould. On account of the heavy surf, it is impossible to land, other- wise than in canoes; and in this and every case where you are obliged to depend on negroes, punctuality is out of the question, and much time was always lost. A trip to the Model Farm, five miles inland, now under the superintendence of Mr. Wilson, promised to make this place very interesting. The major part of this plantation lies on the declivity of a hill, consisting of indifferent soil, (decomposed granite), whilst before and beyond it, the land is excellent. They call this plantation * Napoleon." 'The dwelling-house is on the top of the hill, and commands a very interesting prospect. The plantations consist chiefly of Coffee-trees, only a few years old; some, covered with fruit, were, according to Mr. Wilson, of only seven months growth, which seems truly wonderful, for in the West Indies, Coffee bears no fruit even in the best soils under eighteen months. Besides Coffee, Bananas, Plantains, Arrowroot, Yams, Limes, Lemons, Oranges and Indian corn, were much cultivated. In the grounds of the natives, Indian corn, Bananas, Plantains and Yams, were conspicuous, but no Holeus (!) From the Indian corn they prepare a very sour bread, which with Bananas, constitutes their chief food. Palm-soup, a native dish, when made of boiled Pahn-nuis only, is very well flavoured. They pick the nuts off those young stems of the Elais Guineensis which have not yet lost any of the leaves, and consider these as superior to the fruit of older plants, and cut them also down, to collect palm-wine- Besides this Palm, there is the Cocoa, which frequently assumes a singular aspect from the multitude of birds? nests which are appended to the mid-rib of the leaves, and which might be taken at a distance for fruit, and had formerly puzzled me in drawings. The birds hang their nests in this | position to protect them against the cats! The Fan-palm grows too at Cape Coast Castle, but apparently is less fre- quent. To judge by parts of the stems which I met with, — Calamus must occur further in the interior. == VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 639 Another excursion was about six or seven miles inland, to Orange Town and Quowprath. Here the soil was fertile, with good vegetable mould and extensive plantations of Indian corn; Bromelias skirting the former plantations. The best habitations of the natives resemble those of the Ashantees, and have a square court in the middle, its four sides sur- rounded by buildings. It is almost impossible to travel in European clothes, espe- cially during this season, when the water collected in the roads reaches often up to the middle. Besides, great exer- tion or exposure to the sun is dangerous, and occasionally © fatal to new comers. The residents go out in small carriages, drawn by four negroes ; or travelling-chairs carried by two. The former can only be used on tolerably good roads, and the latter have also their inconveniences. For instance, I was myself upset in the middle of a puddle, because my bearers slipped, but I happily fell on an adjacent dry grass-plot. It is a great inconvenience for persons who, like me, travel ex professo, that at such places as Cape Coast Castle, it is impossible to hire the necessary vehicles, but you must be dependent on the kindness of others. I had the good fortune to find, in Mr, Henry Smith, a man who anticipated all my wants with the utmost affability, assisting me, in fact, in every possible manner, _ There is much less of botanical interest near the town than I had expected, the number of plants increasing materially With the distance from it. The present season, immediately _ Subsequent to the rains, is not very favourable; the rain had nearly ceased on the coast, and only a few showers fell now and then; but a few miles inland, much rain prevails : about ~ this time, and on my trip to Quowprath, about six miles, I . got thoroughly soaked. I saw many plants without flowers Or fruit; but not one that was Monocotyledonous, though . many are said to occur with splendid flowers. The difference of the vegetation from what we had last visited, was very Striking. Here Leguminose were predominant, and Rubiacee less so; Mimosæ, with their characteristic foliage, which I had 640 JOURNAL OF THE hitherto seen but rarely, became conspicuous. The country is varied with hill and dale, and covered with shrubs 6 or 7 feet high, intermingled with single lofty trees, particularly Bombaz, in leaf, but without blossom or fruit, which the ‘inhabitants call Jron-wood. I found another single tree of considerable height, with flowers and fruit; it seems to be a new genus related to Crescentia. The fruit is filled with solid firm pulp, 2 feet long, 14 foot broad hanging downwards, as also does the flower, by a long pedicel. About the town, and in its vici- nity, grows a half-shrubby Cassia, similar to occidentalis, but with a round divided fruit which might be taken for that of C. Sophora. The true Cassia occidentalis occurs likewise. Poinciana pulcherrima, just coming in flower, prettily lined the roadsides; and in the jungle grows a yellow Composita (I only saw two Composite in flower) which often adorned great parts of the way, and seems diffused over the whole coast. Sarcocephalus was seen in blossom and fruit. The new genus of Apocynee, with large fruit, did not occur. A beautiful avenue of Hibiscus Populneus(?) planted at the west end of the town, forms one of the marked features of Cape Coast Castle. As we were about to proceed to Accra, I thought it important to avail myself of the opportunity and visit, if possible, the Danish settlements, founded in the interior by Isert, and to obtain information respecting them, which had not been received at all of late. The Wilberforce was not ready for sea, but the Albert left on Friday, the 30th July, and Captain Trotter allowed me to make the passage in this vessel, thus saving much of my time. We anchored on Saturday afternoon, at British Accra, but it was late before I got on shore, for the surf would not let us land without canoes, which, as at Cape Coast Castle, are made pointed at one end, and provided with a high bulwark. - As my excursions led into the mountains, Dr. Stanger offered to accompany us, and Mr. McLean, who went with us on shore, kindly provided us with quarters for the night — it being too late to proceed to Danish Accra. Sunday VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 641 . morning, the 1st of August, we set out in two little carriages, each drawn by four negroes, (here also the common way of travelling for Europeans) for Danish Accra, where we called on Mr. Richter, a Danish merchant, and accompanied by him visited the Danish Governor, Mr. Dall, to whom Mr. Richter and Mr. M?Lean introduced us. The fortifications here are not important, they consist of afew large houses, with lofty, airy rooms surrounded by a wall and breastwork, and are inhabited by the Europeans. They are white-washed and conspicuous at a great distance. The Danish fort is classic ground for a botanist, for here Isert and Thonning made the collection, through which we became acquainted with this Flora. The humane spirit of Isert, so warmiy expressed in his writings on behalf of the negroes rendered this place highly interesting to me, and the more so, as we were engaged in an enterprize, aiming at the objects, which he had endeavoured to attain during the latter years of his life. I inquired anxiously after his esta- blishments in the interior, but could obtain no official infor- mation about them. After Isert's decease, they had gone to decay. Mr. de Khon, who is said to have assumed the management, and introduced the plough, and is represented in various works which I have read, to have effected so much, never came here, as Mr. Richter and the Danish Governor positively assured me! Since his time, indeed, . no one took any trouble about these plantations ; and about 1808, they were altogether given up. Every thing is now a wilderness, and the place not to be recognised. Flindt esta- blished about this time, another plantation on the River Volta near the Fort, the main object being distillation ; but this was soon discontinued. About ten years ago, I believe another plantation was formed at the foot of the mountain in Aquafim, named “ Erederic's Gau;" and as we wished to visit it, Mr. Dall had the kindness to indulge us; but he told us, that it was not extensive, and the dhpéfiflndent being ill, it could not bein a very satisfactory state. The distance is fourteen or fifteen miles, the only mode of getting 642 JOURNAL OF THE there is by a sort of palanquin or basket, carried by two poles, on the head of two or four negroes. Mr. Dall, by providing abundantly for all our wants, caused our cortège to amount to about sixteen persons. The direction, accord- ing to compass, was almost exactly N. by E. We started at half past eleven o'clock. The first and greatest part of the way leads through Savannahs, covered with Grasses and Cyperaceæ, intermixed with many species of shrubby and half-shrubby Leguminose besides a few species of Malvacee, and some tall, but more generally only moderately high trees, viz: Bombax, the genus which I mentioned at Cape Coast as perhaps related to Crescentia,* Ficus, Fan palms, Euphorbia drupifera, very conspicuous from its naked spur-like branches, bearing only a few stiff inversely spathulate leaves at the extreme points, and near the villages and huts Tamarinds and Hibiscus populneus. Towards the coast, the soil is sandy like decomposed sandstone; but soon improves from the culture of Indian Corn, Cassava,. Yams, Arachis, various sorts of Cucumbers, and Bananas. Cocoas are little culti- vated here, or in any part of Africa, which I have seen. We crossed several ridges of hills affording pleasant views over the surrounding country, covered with fresh green, and struck then into the jungle, where the shrubs, common on this coast, grew abundantly, about a man's height, and closely interwoven with creepers. Leguminose diminished and Rubiaceæ increased. Sarcocephalus, described by Schu- macher as Cephalina esculenta, Th., is not uncommon, We arrived at the settlement towards six o'clock, P.M., too late to see much. The house of the superintendent lies half way up the mountain ridge, and is roomy and comfortable, and being white-washed is conspieuous far off. At the foot of the mountain is a negro village and the plantation. Monday, August 2nd, having passed the d consequence of the friendly care of Mr. Dall, most comfortably, and supplied with every convenience, we were off at dawn of day; thermom. 734° Fahr. The mountain is a quartz rock, covered .. * May it not be the Bignonia tulipifera, Schumacher. | VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 643 in many places, and often to the depth of several feet, with vegetable mould, overgrown, where not cultivated, with _ Brushwood. The site of the house was at an elevation of . about 1000 feet and 100 above it grew a high Oi] Palm. The Brushwood consisted chiefly of Ztubiacee, interwoven with Convolvulus; few in flower and none remarkable. In the plantation were the usual edible plants of this country ; the settlement consists of a coffee ground, of no great extent. Governor Dall told us that about three years back, the trees had been destroyed by an insect, and they were now very small 3 to 4 feet high, but thriving and bearing abundantly. The soil is excellent and rich, but the esta- blishment looked neglected, which must be ascribed to the absence of the superintendent. Close by is another coffee ground belonging to Mr. Richter, but none of our compa- nions speaking English, I only heard of it after our return. Near these grounds is an avenue of Soursops (Anona muri- cata) and Oranges, and close by several trees just now bearing ripe fruit, clearly the Akee, or Blighia sapida. They seem to have been planted; but on looking into Schumacher's description of Guinea plants, I found a Cupania edulis, men- tioned as an indigenous tree, which I dare say, is identical with the above. As we had only leave of absence until sunset of this day we were obliged to content ourselves with the slight survey . of a few hours, and after enduring an hour's heavy rain, we started at eleven o'clock and came back by the same road, though being down hill, we got on faster, and having returned sincere thanks to Governor Dall and Mr. Richter for their obliging and liberal assistance, we arrived in good time at British Accra, where we found that the hour of departure had not yet been fixed. j Lea As soon as I got on. board the Wilberforce, my first care was to shift my entire collection, especially the plants gathered since we arrived at Cape Coast Castle, but though I had taken all possible care, much was spoilt and almost everything in a bad state. It has been my lot with almost 644 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. all my collections on this coast, that after endless labour, I could only get together ill-conditioned plants; for dampness and want of room are obstacles impossible to be overcome, and which forced me at last to satisfy myself with the mise- rable consolation, that I have done all the circumstances . would admit. I mention this, on purpose, that in case my collection comes into other hands, I may not be accused of negligence. I have sacrificed every convenience to gain room, and spared no trouble to overcome the dampness of the ship and of the atmosphere, but without success. The general arrangements of a man-of-war do not give much opportunity for such experiments. When will the time arrive, that expeditions, whose result must depend on the observations of naturalists, will afford them, from the outset, the appropriate and necessary support? At present, the vessels are fitted up for other purposes, and it is left to chance, to discover a little nook for the philosopher. I was now obliged to devote the two days remaining which we spent at Accra, to the drying of my collection, that all might not be lost. (To be continued.) Sur le genre Gopoya et ses analogues, avec des observations sur les limites des Ocunaciss, et une revue des genres et espéces de ce pes Les J. E. Puancuon, docteur-ès- sciences. j (Continued from page 600.) Gen. III. BLASTEMANTHUS, Nov. gen. Godoye sp. Mart. et Zuccar. Calyx gemmiformis, 5-phyllus, bracteis 5 adpresse-imbricatis, | sepalis conformibus cinctus, deciduus. Petala 5, angusta, æstivatione imbricato-convoluta. Staminodia circiter 20, SUR LE GENRE GODOYA, 645 staminibus exteriora uniseriata, inter se libera et æquidis- tantia, subulata. Stamina 10, sub anthesi unilateraliter dejecta ; antheris subsessilibus, lineari-fusiformibus, apice in rostrum poris 2 subposticis apertum attenuatis. Ovarium brevissime stipitatum, respectu floris paulo excentricum, fusiforme, apice rostratum, 3-5 loculare, loculis ad angulum internum pluriovulatis. Stigma sessile, obsoletum. Arbor Amazonica. Folia alterna, oblonga, basi cuneata, in petiolum attenuata, apice rotundata v. sæpius retusa, mar- gine integerrimo revoluta, glaberrima, nitida, fragilia, nervo medio angusto utrinque acute prominulo, secundariis veni- formibus, tenuissimis, angulo fere recto patentibus inter se parallelis, rectis, creberrimis ; areola insertionis petioli ver- ticaliter oblonga, epidermide in marginem erosum quasi erupta, circumvallata. Stipulæ supra folii insertionem ramo insertæ | dentiformes, cartilagineze, deciduæ. Racemi pauci supra axillares v. terminales, e gemma squamosa, decidua orti, hinc inde fasciculis florum bractea brevi-stipatis ornati; pedicellis alabastro gemmiformi, oblongo-acuto parum brevioribus. Flores aperti eos Gomphie referentes ; ovarium legumeno junius Swartziæarum plane simulans. Sp. unica. Blasthemanthus gemmiflorus. Godoya gemmiflora, Mart. et Zucc. nov. gen. et sp. 1, p. 118, tab. 74. Crescit ad ripas inundatas lacus Teffe, prope Villam Egga dictam, provincie Rio Negro.—Martius ; Schomburgk, n. 990. Gen. IV. CespenesiA, Goud. in ann. des sc. nat. sér. 3, - vol. 2, P. 369. Godoye sp. Bonpl.— Ruiz. et Pav. . Calyx minutus, pentaphyllus, foliolis liberis v. ima basi con- natis, æstivatione plus minus quincunciatim imbricatis, de- ciduis (an semper?). Petala 5, obovata, calice multo lon- giora, æstivatione convoluta, caduca. Stamina indefinita (40-60), obscure triseriata, in alabastro ovario equaliter 646 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. cireum-adpressa, sub anthesi unilateraliter dejecta; fila- mentis brevibus, apice incrassatis; antheris lineari-tetra- gonis, sub apice rimulis 2 subpostice apertis.: Ovarium lineari-oblongum,. utrinque attenuatum, 5 loculare; axi centrali nullo, loculis ad angulum internum multiovulatis. Ovula minutissima, pluriseriatim imbricata, ascendentia. Stigma sessile, disciforme, subintegrum. Capsula atte- nuata, septicide 5-valvis, valvis basi et apice concretis, medio disjunctis, cymbiformibus, marginibus introflexis a chordis seminiferis solutis. Semina linearia, tenuissima, scobiformia: testa pellucida in vaginam subfiliformem pro- ducta, medio granulum cylindricum brevem fovente ; raphe granulo paulo longiore, funiformi, solubili ; tegmine fragile, crasso. Embryo rectus, linearis, granulo conformis et æquilongus, in axi perispermi albuminosi reconditus; ra- dicula hilo proxima ; plumula inconspicua. Arbores Novo-Granatenses et Peruvian, proceræ, specta- biles. Rami fastigiati ramulique succum. gummi-resino- sum? exsudantes. Squamæ versus apicem ramulorum folis subinordinatim commixtæ, et inflorescentiæ basim fulcrantes, singule intus ad basim seriem filamentorum cilüformium foventes, perularum v. stipularam vicem usurpantes. Folia simplicia obovato-oblonga, obtusa, basi in petiolum planum gradatim attenuata, remote crenato- serrata, coriacea, nitida, nervo medio valido, supra acute; subtus obtuse ` prominente; secundariis paucis patentibus, subarcuatis, ad sinum crenæ cujusque productis, supra acute prominulis, subtus applanatis v. immersis ; venulis tenuibus flexuoso-subparallelis, utrinque impressis, re- spectu nervorum lateralium transversis. Panicule magn” terminalis rami floridi ebracteati. Flores speciosi, flavi. Charact. ovarii et fructus e descriptione locupletissima, Č. Bonplandii; floris ex eadem et ex. alabastris C. sP% thulate. 3 Sp. 1. Cespedesia Bonplandi, Goud. L. c. 2 C. foliis obovato-oblongis; laciniis calycinis ad basim liberis. ix Has. In aridis auriferis Nove Granatæ, ad Coyaima e circa SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 647 Chamba, secus declivitatem orientalem Andium (Cordillera central de la Nueva Granada)— Goudot ; et in temperatis prope Mariquita, altit. 8000 met. Humb. et Bonpl. 2. C. spathulata. Godoya spathulata, Ruiz et Pav. syst. p. 102 ; Flor. Peruv. icon. ined. vol. 5, tab. 359. C. foliis obovato-spathulatis; laciniis calycinis infra men in cupulam extus 5-sulcam concretis. Han. In nemoribus ad Chincao et Cuchero, Peruviæ in- ferioris, Ruiz et Pav. Sect, II. EuTHEMIDEEX. Stamina 5, filamentis sterilibus totidem interdum interjectis. Antherée læves, subsessiles, rostratz, poris 2 apicalibus in unum confluentibus aperte. Ovarii loculi 5 ad angulum intetnum biovulati. Ovula suspensa. Bacca 5-pyrena, pyrenis monospermis. Semina inversa, albuminosa. Frutices Malayani, pulcherrimi. Folia alterna in petiolum marginatum semiamplexicaule angustata, cartilagineo ser- rata, rigida, nitida, insigniter lineato-nervosa. Stipule laterales, scariosæ, ciliatæ, caducæ. Racemi subsimplices, terminales, demum rami evolutione oppositifolii. Genus unicum: Evrnemis, Jack. in Malay. misc. et in Roxb. fl. Ind. ed. Wall. vol. 2, p. 303 ; Endl. gen. n. 5961. Sp. 1. Euthemis /eucocarpa, W. Jack. 1. c. et in Hook. bot. misc. IT. p. 69.; Planch. in Hook. icon. pl. tab. 711. Has, In insula Singapore, et in Monte Ophir peninsulæ Malaccensis, W. Jack.—Wallich.—Lobb. in herb. Hook. 2. Euth. minor, W. Jack. l. c. Has. In insulis Singapore et Penang —Wall.—W. Jack. — Onsznv. La plante dont le docteur Wallich ne put admirer _ . Que le feuillage, et qu'il a si bien décrite sous le nom d’£u- themis? elegantissima, (in Roxb. fl. Ind. ed. Wall. vol. 2, P. 305) me parait, à cause de la localité et de ses stipules intra-axillaires, ne pouvoir être différente du G. Sumatrana, W. Jack. 648 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. Sect. IT. GomPHIE&. Stamina 8-10, v. plura. Ovarium 5-10 loculare, loculis 1- ovulatis, circa stylum simplicem, centralem, basilarem, in baccas discretas tumentibus; ovulis tunc seminibusque e basi loculi ascendentibus : v. rarius loculis 2-4 columellæ evolutz' circum-adnatis, parum tumidis; stylo terminali, ovulis ascendentibus v. subhorizontaliter resupinatis. Se- mina exalbuminosa. Gen. I. ELvasra, D.C. in ann. du mus. vol. 17, p. 422, tab. 20.— Ad. Juss. Mém. Rut. p. 60, (in annotat.) Subgen. 1. EvELvAs1A. Petala 4; stamina 8; ovarii loculi 4 gibboso-prominuli; ovula e basi anguli interni adscendentia. Sp. 1. Elvasia calophyllea, DC. l. c. Has. In Brasilia, DC. (an recte?), in Guyana! Schomburgk, n. 941. Subgen. 2. HosTMANNIA. Hostmannia, Planch. in Hook. icon. pl. tab. 709, (ovarii sectionis icon non bona.) Calyx 3-4-phyllus. Petala 4-6. Stamina 18-20. Ovarium com- pressum biloculare. Ovula subhorizontaliter resupinato- deflexa. Sp. 2. Elvasia Hostmannia. Hostmannia elvasioides, Planch. 1. c. Has. Ad Surinam.—Dr. Hostmann. Ons. Les ovules sont, dans la figure que j'ai donnée de cette plante, représentés beaucoup plus manifestement sus- pendus, qu'ils ne sont en réalité. Des analyses réitérées de Povaire m'ont montré cependant que les ovules ne sont pas ascendants, comme dans l'E/vasia, mais plutôt légèrement - inclinés du haut vers le bas, avec le raphé tourné vers le sommet de la loge. Malgré ces différences entre l'Elvasia Host- mannia et lespèce type, je trouve trop de ressemblance dans leurs organes de végétation, pour oser en faire les genres dis- tincts, avant que les fruits de Pune et de l'autre soient connus- - SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 649 Gen. H. Ocana, Schreb. (Char. pessimum), Endl. gen. n, 5959. Ochne sp. L. Ochna et Diporidium, Bartl. Oss. Je puis me dispenser de transcrire les caractères bien connus de ce genre. En énumérant ses espéces tant dé- crites que nouvelles, j'ai tâché de les arranger suivant leurs affinités : cependant les groupes qu'on peut y admettre me paraissent trop vaguement définis pour mériter des noms de Sous-genre. Bien moins encore faudrait-il admettre le genre Diporidium pour les quelques espèces du Cap qui trouvent leurs analogues dans POchna parviflora d? Arabie, et probable- ment PO, pumila du Népal. * Squarrose. Flores racemoso-corymbosi ; antheræ lineares rimulis in- trorsis dehiscentes; stylus apice subindivisus. Species Asiaticæ et Africæ occidentalis tropicæ. Sp. 1. Ochna /ucida, Lamk. dict. 4, p. 510. : Ochna obtusata et O. lucida, DC. O. squarrosa, Roxb. Cor. ; tab. 89, (exclus. syn.) O. foliis oblongis, argute serrulatis; floribus magnis, corym- bosis; petalis sæpius 7-8, obovato oblongis; filamentis sub anthesi antheris fere 4-plo brevioribus ; calycis fructiferi laciniis erecto conniventibus. Has. In Ind. Or. provinciis australibus, Wight ; et in provin- ciis Prome, Silhet—Roxb.—Wall. Oss. Je crois, avec De Candolle, qu'il faut rendre à cette belle espèce le nom sous lequel Lamark l'a parfaitement décrite, au lieu du nom Linnéen de squarrosa que Roxburg lui a appliqué. Linné, en effet, indiquant plutôt qu'il ne décrit son O. squarrosa, (Sp. plant. p. 731) prend les ma- tériaux de cette espèce, d'un côté, po la figure 56ème du Thesaurus Zeylanicus, où De Candolle a pu reconnaître sans peine le Gomphia augustifolia, Vahl, de Pautre, dans les figures de Plukenet (Alm. tab. 263, f. 1-2), qui représentent un des Ochna du Cap de Bonne fpes. A cette amalgame déjà NU v. BBB 650 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. assez hétérogène, Roxburgh, scrupuleusement suivi par Will- denow, ajouta Pespéce décrite ci-dessus, appliquant le nom et les synonymes Linnéens à une plante que très probable- ment l’illustre Suédois n'a jamais vue, parce qu'elle appartient à une flore qu'il connaissait à peine d'aprés les grossiéres figures de P Hortus Malabaricus. L’O. squarrosa, Roxb. ne paraît pas croître à Ceylan d’où Linné avait reçu la plupart de ses plantes de VInde, et d’ailleurs, Smith, qui a écrit Par- ticle Ochna dans l'Encyclopédie de Rees, n'aurait pas manqué de fixer tous les doutes sous l'espéce originale, s'il en existait dans Vherbier Linnéen un échantillon authentique. 2. O. Wallichii, nov. sp. O. nitida, Wall. list, n. 2804, non Thunb. O. foliis (in specimine florido non plané evolutis) oblongo- ellipticis, subtilissime serrulatis ; corymbi pauciflori pedi- cellis elongatis; floribus speciosis; petalis 5 calice lon- gioribus, obovatis, in unguem brevem angustatis; fila- mentis sub anthesi antheris ie nm, ; calice fruc- tifero reflexo? Flores expansi diametro plus quam pollieari. Antheræ cir- citer 2-3 lin. longæ. Has. In Ind. Or. prov. 4mherst— Wall. Cette belle espèce, qui est évidemment alliée à la précé- dente, s'en distingue sans peine par ses fleurs moins nom- breuses dans chaque corymbe, par le nombre et la forme de ses pétales, et surtout par la longueur des filets relativement aux anthéres. Ces dernières sont d'un tiers plus courtes que celles de l'Ochna lucida. Je mets un point de doute sur le caractère des pièces calicinales sous le fruit, parce que les échantillons en fleurs n’ayant pas leurs feuilles entièrement développées, il est difficile dy rapporter les échantillons en fruit venus d'une source différente. Sp. 3. O. nitida, Thunb. DC. in Annal. du Mus. vol. 17, P FE 412, tab. 12, (icon. verisimil. non bona.) Has. In Ind. Or. verisimil. Ceylona, DC. La figure que De Candolle a donné de cette espèce en re- produit assez bien l'aspect et les feuilles, mais menn, sous | SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 651 des proportions diminutives l'inflorescence, la longueur des pédicelles et la grandeur des fleurs. Les échantillons nom- breux d'une plante de Ceylan que l'herbier de Sir W. Hooker doit au zéle obligeant de Mme. Walker me permettraient de modifier sur ces points la description originale de l’espèce, si yosais le faire avant d'en avoir vu l'échantillon type. Je vais seulement décrire la plante que j'ai en vue, afin qu’il soit possible de décider plus tard, si elle est distincte ou non de PO. lucida. Habitus O. nitide, DC., (icon. cit.) ; aol patentes, non crassi; folia oblonga, utrinque acuta, argute serrulata, nitida, textura tenui sed rigidula; inflorescentiæ ramulos inferiores breves denudatos terminantes: nune racemi breves, subsimplices (ut in icone Candolleana); sæpius thyrsi contracti, ramis confertim repetito-divisis. Pedicel- lorum articuli inferiores abbreviati, superiores graciles, floribus parvis subtriplo longiores ; petala 5 angusta, calice sublongiora; filamenta antheris breviora; calicis fructiferi laciniæ erecto conniventes: baccæ oblongæ, subcurvatæ, parvæ, nigræ, nitidæ. 4. O. multiflora, DC. in ann. du mus. 17, p. 412, tab. 13. Has. In montibus Sierra Leona, Africe occidentalis. Oss. La description de cette plante laisse trop de vague sur ses caractères floraux, pour qu'il soit permis de juger de ses affinités spécifiques. Les anthéres y sont indiquées comme ovales, probablement parce que l'échantillon n'en of- frait que des fragments. On n'en voit pas de trace dans la ** Brevipedes. Flores fasciculati, breve pedicellati, gemmae squamis did invo- lucrati : antheræ stylusque seriei precedentis. Sp. Indice et Madagascarienses. Sp. 5. O. ciliata, DC. in ann. du mus. vol 17, p. 413, tab, 14. Has. In insula Madagascar—Commers.—du Petit Thouars, ex DC. Bojer, in herb. Hook. BBB2 652 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 6. O. brevipes, nov. sp. O. ramis floridis denudatis ; fasciculis 3-5 floris, subumbelli- formibus, ad apices ramulorum congestis, singulis e gemma squamosa ortis ; pedicellis flore subbrevioribus; petalis 5 late obovatis, in unguem abrupte angustatis, calice vix longiori- bus ; filamentis, sub anthesi-antheris paululum brevioribus. Pedicelli subumbellati, vix 8 lin. longi; flores quam ei O. u- cide minores, expansi diametro 8-lin. Antheræ 2 lin. longe. Has. In Ind. Or. herb. Hook. absque loco proprio. Très distincte de toutes les Ochna de l'Inde par son inflo- rescence, cette espèce est au contraire assez voisine de l'O. ciliata de Madagascar, dont j'ai pu heureusement voir des échantillons, afin de m'assurer qu'elle est différente. *** Pyuciflore. Pedicelli subsolitarii v. ternati, elongati, florentes basi nudati ; anthere rimulis brevibus versus apicem aperte: stylus subindivisus. Sp. Indie intra et extra tropicæ, Arabice tropicalis et Africæ extra tropicæ. 7. O. pumila, Hamilt. in herb. Lamb. ex DC. prod. 1, p. 736. O. nana, Hamilt. in Wall. 1, p. 736, cat. n. 3761, ex Wight. -et Am. prod. fl. pen. Ind. or. 1, p. 152. O. humilis, Wall. cat. ex Royle. O. collina, Edgew. Descript. of sp. of pl. from N.W. India, in Linn. Trans. (ann. 1846) p. 43. Quoique je n'aie vu aucun échantillon de cette plante, il me parait certain qu'une seule espèce est désignée sous ces quatre noms. Les trois premiers, en effet, se sont substitués l'un à l'autre, simplement parce qu’ils impliquent la méme idée ; et quant au dernier, M. Edgeworth ne le présente que comme dénomination provisoire, qui doit faire place à celui de pumila publié en premier lieu dans le prodrome de De Candolle. Les localités de ces supposées espèces sont très - rapprochées, et tout ce qu'on peut saisir dans la courte phrase du Prodrome s’accorde avec les quelques mots que - MM. Wight et Arnott ont dit incidemment de PO. nana, - 5 aussi bien qu'avec l'excellente description qu'en a donné = SUR LE GENRE GODOYA, 653 M. Edgeworth sous le nom d'O. collina. Comme le volume des Transactions de la Société Linnéenne où cette description se trouve n'est pas encore en circulation, je me permets de la transcrire de l'exempleire d'auteur que je dois à l'obligeance de M. Edgeworth. * Suffrutex glaberrimus; ramis teretibus, basi stipulis persis- tentibus squamatis; foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato lanceo- latis, tenuiter serratis; stipulis intra-petiolaribus apice plerumque bifidis (e duabus lateralibus connexis); pedun- culis axillaribus folium æquantibus 3-floris; pedicellis basi bracteatis, infra medium articulatis; sepalis 5 late ovatis ; petalis 5 rotundis, integerrimis, aureis ; filamentis antheris subtetragonis brevioribus; stylo indiviso staminibus lon- giore; stigmate capitato. "—Edgew. I. c. Has. In collibus glareosis sub-Sivalensibus, : sub Shoreis ro- bustis, prope Sakranda, Saharunpoor — Edgew., etiam prope Goruckpore— Royle. | Sp. 8. O. stipulacea, Colebr. in Wall. ext. n. 2808. L'échantillon qui existe sous ce nom dans la collection de Sir W. Hooker est malheureusement trop imparfait pour étre décrit. Has. In Ind. Or. 9. O. Heyneana, Wight. et Arn. prod. fl. pen. Ind. Or. 1, p. 152. Has. In penins. Ind. Or. 10. O. Wightiana, Wall. cat. n. 2808; Wight et Arn. l. c. Has. In penins. Ind. Or. 11. O. Walkerii, nov. sp. . ©. glaberrima ; folis parvis, elliptico-oblongis, brevissime . petiolatis, utrinque obtusiusculis, tenuiter serrulatis, ni- fidis, supra læte viridibus, subtus pallidioribus, nervis se- cundariis tenuissimis venisque sub lente prominulis ; sti- pulis brevibus, e basi lata subulatis, caducis; pedicellis infra folia e gemma propria ortis, unifloris, supra basim articulatis et unibracteatis, folio brevioribus; stylo apice breviter 5 diviso ; calice, sub gynophoro accret onigrescente, pulchre rubente. : 654 SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. Frutex creberrime ramulosus: rami teretes, subtortuosi, grisei, ramulique abbreviati, inferne denudati; folia ad apicem ramulorum pauca (3-5), approximata, patentia, 12-15 lin. longa, 6-8 lin. lata, basi interdum subangustata, textura tenui sed rigidula; petioli vix 1 lin. longi, supra sulcati; stipulæ vix semi intra-axillaribus ; bractea pedi- celi e basi latiuscula subulata, marginibus involuta, vix 1-14 lin. longa; filamenta, more generis, sub gynophoro accreto persistentia, filiformia, 2 lin. longa: calyx fructifer eum O, atropurpuree referens. Has. In Ceylona—D. Walker. Oss. Cette jolie plante, qui ressemble assez à l'Ochae © atropurpurea du Cap de Bonne Espérance, et à POchna parvi- folia d" Arabie, se distinguera sans peine de la précédente par ses feuilles plutót aigues à la base qu'arrondies et échancrées, et par ses stipules plus courtes. 12. O. parvifolia, Vahl symb. 1, p. 33—DC. in annal. du mus. vol. 17, p. 414, tab. 30, fig. 2. Has. In Arabia felici. Forsk. 13. O. atropurpurea, D.C. l.c. p. 398. Diporidium serru- latum ! Hochst. Has. In parte orientali Colonie Capensis; ad Riet founteyn prope flumen ÉKowi in regione Zuureveld, Burch. ex schedulis privatis mecum benignissime communicatis ; prope Port Elizabeth et in Krakakamma, district. Uiten- hage, Eckl. et Zeyh.; ad Zand Fountain, Burke, in herb. Hook, ad Hongklipp, Mundt in herb. Hook. ad portum Natalem, Krauss. Frutex 2-8-pedalis, Burch. Zeyh. Ons.—Je ne vois dans les échantillons de Port Natal qui ont servi de type au Diporidium serrulatum, Hochst., aucun caractère qui puisse les doc méme comme variété, de PO atropurpurea. 14. O. arborea, Burch., cat. geog. ex D.C. Prod. 1, p. 736. Tetracera lutea, Spreng. ex Cham. et Schlecht in Linn. 8. p. 177. SUR LE GENRE GODOYA. 655 Has. In sylvis primævis in Olifantshoek et Adow district Uitenhage, coloniæ Capensis, Eck. et Zeyh. et verisimiliter in sylvis district. or. non rara; ad. Delagoa Bay, Forbes. 15. O. Natalitia, Meisn in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. 2. p. 58. (sub. Diporidio). Has. Ad sylvarum margines, prope portum Natalem, Krauss, coll. n. 454. Oxs.—Cette espèce est peut-être trop voisine de la précé- dente. A en juger par un échantillon trés imparfait, ses feuilles (récemment développées) paraissent plus longues, d'une couleur plus pale, et bordées de dents plus profondes qui sont très sensiblement courbées en dedans. Ces diffé- rences se retrouvent-elles sur tous les rameaux de la plante, ou seulement chez quelques branches gourmandes? Par tous ses autres caractères, l'espéce coincide avec PO. arborea. 16. O. Delagoensis, Eck. et Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afr. aust. p. 118. Has. In Colonia Capensi, ad Delagoa Bay, Eck. et Zeyh. Frutex 1-pedalis. *9* Fissistyle. Flores racemosi; antheræ rimulis versus apicem dehiscentes ; stylus profunde partitus. Species Mauritianæ, Madagas- carienses et Africæ Australis subtropicalis. 17. O. pulchra, Hook. Icon. Pl. tab. 588, (sub. Diporidio). Has. Extra fines Colonie Capensis, ad Macalisberg, Burke. Ons.—La figure citée représente parfaitement cette remar- quable espèce, telle qu’elle existe dans Pherbier de Sir Wm. Hooker ; c'est à dire, aprés que ses pétales sont tombés. 18. O. Madagascariensis, DC. in Ann. du Mus. 17, p. 413. Han. In Insula Madagascar, du Petit Thouars, ex DC. 19. O. Mauritiana, Lamk. Dict. 4, p. 512. DC. L. c. tab. 15 et 16 bis. Has. In Insula Mauritii. 656 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. #EREE Spirantheræ. Flores racemosi ; antheræ post anthesim subtortiles, loculis: longitudine tota dehiscentibus ; stylus subindivisus. Sp. Africæ occidentalis tropicæ. | 20. O. dubia, Guill. et Perrot. Fl. Seneg. 1, p. 137, tab. 35. Has. In Senegambia, ad ripas flum. Casamancie, prope Itou. Perrot. Heudel. coll. n. 903; etiam in regno Oware v. regn. Benin, leg. Palis, Beauv. ex Guill. et Perrot. Oss. Dans la description de cette espèce, il est dit que ses feuilles sont persistantes; je n'oserais assurer le con- traire, n'ayant jamais vu la plante vivante. Cependant les échantillons de M. Heudelot ne présentent sur la méme branche, d’où naît une grappe de fleurs, qu'une simple pousse dont les feuilles sont à demi développées. (To be continued.) BOTANICAL INFORMATION. Extracted from a Letter from Dr. Lupwie LErcknAnDT* of New Holland to M. Durano, of Paris. Communicated by P. B. Wess, Esq. Cambden, May 20, 1846. My dear friend, You have, no doubt, noticed and regretted my ois silence. There was no post to bring me your letters in the wilderness of Australia, through which I was endeavouring to penetrate * See a letter written by the same enterprizing naturalist and traveller, previous to this most adventurous journey, given in our last vol. p. 278+ BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 657 in a North West direction, nor to carry those epistles which I should have enjoyed to address to you. Thank God, my efforts have met with success, and I was preserved in the hours of danger. I arrived at Port Essington on the 17th December, 1845, staid there till the 17th January, 1846, and then re- turned to Sydney, accompanied by my party; all safe, except the unfortunate Mr. Gilbert. We came home in the * Heroine," Captain Mackenzie. You may easily suppose that I lost no opportunity of making botanical collections, and the length of time during which I was absent, between fourteen and fifteen months, enabled me to do so very com- pletely and satisfactorily. The two Floras (that of the Eastern interior and of the Gulf of Carpentaria, including Anheim's Land), were presented to me in a successive state of flower, fruit and seed. As my specimens increased, I enveloped the different packages with raw hides, which, when dry, formed a complete kind of box around them, securing the contents, alike from weather and from the rough treat- ment to which they were occasionally exposed. But you must bear this in mind, my good friend, that it was not my lot to travel all at my ease, with every convenience at hand, and enabled to devote my whole attention to Natural His- tory. On the contrary, I was compelled to do everything; I was alike leader of the party and bullock driver, and I had to load and unload three beasts of burthen, often several times in the day. All the cares of such a position were laid upon . me; mine were the anxieties during the hour of difficulty and . peri. To arrange our camp, deal out provision, kill the bul- - . locks, and mend the harness, to compile the log and day-book . ofour route, to determine the latitudeandlongitude,and to keep nightly watch, all these various and ever-recurring occupations devolved upon me. "Thus, even allowing that I did my very ; best, it is undeniable that a man, whose attention was less Tu divided, could have effected infinitely more in any one depart- . ment than I did. Gladly would I have made drawings of my . plants, and noted fully all particulars of the different species _ Which I saw; and how valuable would such memoranda have 658 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. been, when the time arrived which compelled me to cut open all my fine cases so carefully formed, made of hides, and to make a scanty selection from their contents, throwing the greater part away, through the utter impossibility of carrying them on, four of my pack-horses having been drowned. Botanical and geological specimens thus abandoned—how dis- appointing! From four to five thousand plants were thus sacrificed. I, however, preserved some highly interesting relics, which I shall transmit to you for determination, and you may keep the duplicates and triplicates, returning, of course, all uniques. I shall do the same with my Moreton Bay plants, for I earnestly desire to establish a well-named Herbarium in the Museum, at Sydney, in order to have the means of ready comparison, and I shall exert my best endea- vours to send you everything, ere long. You will, of course, know whether any botanist has it in view the completion of that noble Zorso, thus to speak, of R. Brown's New Holland Flora; if not, it might be worth your while to collect materials, d set to work. I heard that Dr. Joseph Hooker, son of Sir Wm. Hooker, projects such a work ;* and if so, I am sure you will assist him with all the means which I shall place in your hands. My first thought on returning to Sydney, was to write and request you to come here; but I was not quite sure where a letter might find you, and I also feared the time was too short to enable you to arrive before I should be obliged to start. Another consideration was, that I did not then know how much money I could put at your disposal. After mature reflexion, I think the best plan will be for you to remain where you are, and to Work upon an Herbarium for Sydney. I hope my next expedition will be scfamons one for sage It is my intention to skirt the Gulf of Carpentaria again, at the head of its waters, perhaps two hundred and fifty or three hundred miles from the sea-coast, and thence * The “ Flora Tasmanica” is what must have been here alluded to. —Ep. | BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 659 north-west, to travel down to Swan River, keeping parallel with the coast. Oh that my friend Durando could accom- pany me! lt is much pleasure to me to hear that my collection of woods gave satisfaction to M. Adolphe Brongniart, and I am now almost sorry that I asked anything for it; but at the time, I had not a single farthing in my possession, having expended my entire means on the expedition, and I started absolutely without funds, and therefore thought the thousand francs would serve as a dernière ressource in the event of my living to return. The colonists, however, have now given me most liberal help, and I am projecting various excursions, I should prefer to wait till the result of Sir Thomas Mitchell’s journey of discovery is known; he is now prosecuting it, and as he travels admirably equipped and with every facility, I cannot doubt that he will add largely to our geographical knowledge of that part of the country lying north-west of my line of route. When I come home, I trust to be laden like a bee; for the north-west is the district in which to look for a remarkable Flora, where the Australian types are blended with those of India, and such is much the case with the vege- tation of the Gulf of Carpentaria and Arnheim Land. The Indian forms of plants rose to view, one after the other, like the stars of the Northern Hemisphere, as I advanced into the basin of the Gulf; Nelumbium, Nymphea, Villarsia lutea, Cochlospermum, Zuccarinia (?), Stravadium, Cycas, Eugenia (about five species), Anacardium, and the Bamboo, all these proclaimed the productions of Asia, and a close examination of the less conspicuous plants would probably pu a NM more decisive result. As I shall not be in Sydney when your next Mes à arrive, I will request that they should be addressed to the care of my dear friend, Mr. Lynd, Military Barrack-master, who has been like father and brother to me, and is so still. He is, at present, Secretary of the Committee of the Botanic Garden and of the Museum, at Sydney. 660 BOTANICAL: INFORMATION. I hear that Humboldt has at length published his Cosmos, but I have not seen the book. You perceive that I use the English language for my letter ; the long period of bush-life has rendered my French very rusty; but when I return from my next trip, I trust to regain my fluency in that noble language. My Journal of the journey to Port Essington is now in hand, and will be com- pleted, I expect, in eight weeks more. LupwiG LeICKHARDT. (M. Gaetano Durando, the gentleman to whom the fore- going letter is addressed, was an officer in the Sardinian army, who quitted the service to devote himself to scientific pur- suits, and has opened a ** Comptoir Botanique," for the sale and exchange of specimens, at Paris, Rue Cuvier, where he carries on a similar kind of business to that of Messrs. Hoch- stetter and Steudel, and M. Hohenacker, in Germany, and the late Mr. Hunnemann, in London). Specimens of Britisu RUBI. The Rev. A. Bloxam, of Twycross, Atherstone, has ren- dered great service to the student of British plants by the publication of a few sets of the species of Rubus of this country, chiefly of the more difficult and less known kinds, amounting to about thirty species and varieties, at the cost of £l. each set. They are named with the assistance of Mr. C. C. Babington, and bear references to his “ Synopsis ofthe British Rubi." Great pains have been taken in the collection and in the determination of the species, and the specimens are very full and satisfactory, and in the most beautiful state of preservation. So anxious is Mr. Bloxam to BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 661 be as correct as possible, that he has just communicated to us some alterations that have suggested themselves to him and Mr. C. C. Babington since the Fasciculus was pub- lished. We think it will be gratifying to him, and it will be useful to the subscribers, to notice them here. Ist. After R. Borreri, add a (?). Mr. Babington says of it, * not satisfactory.”—Mr. Bloxam still considers it the true plant. 2nd. R. amplificatus, Lees. Erase underneath H. macrophyl- lus, y. amplificatus, Bab. Syn. It is, however, the amplifi- catus of Lees as pointed out by himself to Mr. Bloxam ; but according to Mr. Babington, it is not the plant sent by Lees to him as typical of the species. 3rd. R. fusco-ater. Alter to R. Radula, (C. C. B.) But Mr. Bloxam still considers it to be R. Radula of W. and N. Ath. R. sylvaticus (not the very round-leaved apiculate speci- men, which Mr. Babington pronounces to be sylvaticus), but the other, which on the same authority is a doubtful plant. 5th. R. dumetorum—nemorosus, {Hayne (the larger species ;) alter to fusco-ater of Babington. 6th. H. carpinifolius ; add a (?). Tomb of the Botanist, ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. (See the frontispiece). The fourth volume of our “ Journal of Botany,” and the first of the * London Journal of Botany,” contain a Portrait, and a Memoir of the life of the Botanist, Allan Cunningham, from the pen of Mr. Heward. It will be there seen, that it was the intention of the friends of Mr. Cunningham to erect a monument to his memory, in the small island in the lower Botanic Garden, at Sydney. This has been done; and Cap- 662 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. tain Phillip P. King, R.N. has sent to Mr. Heward a talented drawing of it and the surrounding scenery, sketched by him- self, (which we are permitted to have lithographed for the frontispiece to the present volume of our Journal,) accom- panied by the following note :— * Sketch of the late Allan Cunningham's monument, with the simple inscription, ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, BOTANIST, Died, June, 1840. * It is composed of sandstone, and situated on an island of a pond, densely surrounded by weeping willows, in a very much frequented spot in the Botanie Garden, at Sydney. The clump over the garden-seat is of bamboo, and at the dis- tance is a point of Port Jackson; the point on the left being a part of the Government demesne. There could not have been found a more appropriate spot for the memorial of our friend. 35 * PurLLiP P. KING. March 19th, 1846. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE CONTENTS OF THE FIFTH VOLUME o THE . LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY. | A. Abyssinia, Plants from, collected by Schimper, 7. comosa, (Tab. I.) 75. Atrica, "T jams aud Zeyher's Travels in, 14, * . South, Mr, Miers’ Contributions to its 1 Estoy, LL tangium repens, (Tab. IV. A.) 143. Arnott, a Letter à acecmpauying Dr. Mi~ quel’s Pi peraceæ, Aseroe Zeylonica, (rab, X XVIII.) 535. B. Esq., on Bolivaria robusta, ——— on Mimoseæ, (Tab. I.) 75. 2. —— on Schomburgk's Plants, 351. nier, Her. M. eo É— of ab a E sir. ontagne on t; m, loxam’s 's British Rubi, 660. eee ; robusta, Bentham, (Tab. V.) 190. Boissier’s Excursion to Malaga, 435. Dr. ye de Caricibus, 67. anary Island Plants, 243, Gardner's Contributions to a Flora of, 200, — Travels in, by Von Martius, 491. Burke and and Zeyher's Journal of Travels in South MN 14, 109, 313, 430. €. Canary Islands, Bourgeau's Plants of, 243. Cape of Good Hope, Burke and Zeyher's Journal Continental Tour, described in Letters, 524. Contributions 2 the Sega of S. America, by J. a A, Miers, Fais He ere = AN ora of Brazil, by Mr. Gardner, | ———— to the Flora of S. America, by G. Ben- tham, Esq., 351. Cunningham's, Allan, Monument at Sydney, with a plate, (frontispiece,) 661. D. Decades of Fungi, by Mr. Berkeley, 1. Desmidieæ, the British, Mr. Ralf's, 12. Drummond, Swan River Musci, 41, 142, F. Fern, Sir Wm. J. Hooker on a new one from Java, (Tab. VIL, VIII.) 193. Fortune, Mr., Chinese Plants, 11. Fungi, Mr. Berkeley on three new S; Ceylon, (Tab. XVII. XVIII.) 534, Decades of, by Mr. A rc from G. ce Mr. OR to a E : fungi of Ceylon, (Tab. XVII. XVIIL) —— Gardiner, Mr. Wa uw Lessons on British Mosses, cand — Oregon, ‘California ced Maa cen 198, 285, 500. "> vióya and alied Genera, tins 2 18 2 on on, 584, — Antio e XXII.) 598. PALM XIX. XX.) 599. 1 Gonlomitri m enerve, (Tab. HI, > LR :: acuminatum, (Tab. IIT, 143. deua. Sale M On Hanh. sie at fessor, 11. 664 Guiana, British, Schomburgk's Plants from, for sale, 351. Gymnopteris Vespertilio, a new Javanese Fern, Sir Wm. J. Hooker on, (Tab. VII, VIII.) 193. H. Harvey, W. H., Phycologia Britannica, 245. — on a new Genus of Hydrophyllaceæ, (Tabs. XI. XII.) 311. Hannoa, nov. Gen. Simaroubeæ, Planchon on, 566. Heldreich's Oriental Plants for sale, 9. Hepaticæ, New, Dr. Taylor on, 258, 365. Hooker, Sir. Wm. J., on a new Javanese Fern, (Tabs. VII. VIII.) 193. J. D., on two new 'Tasmanian Plants, (Tabs. XIII. XIV.) 444. Pleuropetalum, (Tab. II.) 108. Hydrophyllaceæ, Mr. Harvey on a new Genus of, Tabs, XI. XII.) 311. J. .. Jameson's, Prof., Musci of Quito described, 41. Java, a new Fern from, described by Sir Wm. J. K. = Koniga intermedia, Webb, (Tab. VI.) 192. Kotschy, Persian Plants, 10. dX Leickhardt's Journey to Port Essington, 656. Lindheimer, Texican Plants, 12, dx : Lindiey’s Vegetable Kingdom, 194. Lobb, Java Plants for sale, 198. — — Catal sortan Plants, 246. ——— à new Fern found in Java by, described Sir Wm. J. Hooker, (Tabs. VIL. YI 193. zi urus Gardneri, (Tab. XVII. fig. 2.) 535, Martius, Dr. Von., Travelsin Brazil, 491. ARE a new Genus of Solaneæ, Mr. Miers Mimoseæ, Mr. Bentham on, m —— : — Ad cd &c., Mr, Geyer's Journey in, 22, Mr. Wilson, on those of the S. Hemi- Sphere, 41, 142, of Quito and Swan River, described by iss Wilson and Taylor, 41, 142. Notes of a Continental Tour, 524, Niger, Journal of Voyage to the, 621. INDEX. 0. Ochnaces, Planchon on, 584. Oregon and California, Mr. Geyer's Journey, 2 198, 285, 509. P. Persian Plants, collected by Kotschy, 10. Phycologia Britannica, by Harvey, 245. Picrodendron, Planchon, 579. Piperaceæ, Dr. Miquel on, 546. : ; Planchon, Catalogue of Lobb’s Java Plants, 246. on Godoya and allied Genera, (Tabs XIX. XX.) 584. Du c uu Bites, Saurauya, &e, (Tab. IX." 251. on Simaroube:e, 560. Plantago Gunnii, Hook. fil. (Tab. XIII.) 444. Plée, M., Genres des Plantes Françaises, Pleuropetalum, J. D. Hooker on, (Tab. II.) 108 Darwinii, (Tab. II.) 109. Purdiæa nutans, em Trap Ded 251. Pyrenæan Plants, Mr. Spruce's, iv. Pyrenees, Spruce on the Botany of the, 345, 417. Botany, Mr. Spruce's Letter on, 134 Q. Quito, Musci of, 41. ———— and Swan River, New Mosses, Wilson and Taylor on, (labs. XV. XVI.) 147. R. Ralf's British Desmidieze, 12. Rubi, British, Bloxam's, 660. S. Sarracenia, Planchon on, 251. Saurauya, Planchon on, 251. Schimper's Abyssinian Plants, 7. xiv Scleroleima forsteroides, Hook. fiL, (Tab. XAY 444. Schomburgk, Plants discovered by, 351. Simaroubeæ, M. Planchon on, . : Simblum gracile, (Tab. XVII. fig. 1). 585. 4 Solaneæ of S. America, described by Mr. I 144, Bee South Africa, Mr. Zeyher's Plants, 242. «— Messrs. Burke and Zeyer’s Travels ther 14, 109, 313, 430. SE Spanish Botany, Boissier on, 435. — c. Spruce, Mr. R., Pyrenæan Plauts, on sale, noe — ——— Letter from, describing 4 Tour x _ Pyrenees, 135. 945, A7. met; on ee Botany of i Pyrenees, 939, ^f. yurus, Planchon on A 1 a Swan River, the Mosses, described by Taylor and : Wilson, 4l, 142, 447. S : Eo Tasmania, two new Plants from, described by | D. Hooker, (Tabs. XIII. XIV.) 444. — Taylor, Dr, on New Hepaticæ, 258, 369. — = and Wilson on new Mosses from E and Swan River, (Tabs. XV. XVI.) 447. Texas, Lindheimer's Plants of, 12. cium Hookeri, (Tab, X.) 257. anus, Dr., Memoir of the late Dr. Vogel, 600, i i on British Mosses, by Mr. wW. Gardiner, 2 Tour on the Soatinent, described in Letters, 524. _ Travel in Brazil, by Dr. V. Martius, 491. um + » Itineraria, Plants of, for sale, 7. y. able Kingdom, Dr. Lindley's, 194. : the late Dr., a Memoir of, by Dr. Trevi- his Journal of Voyage to the Niger, 621. Webb, P. B., Esq., on Koniga intermedia, 1t Whitlavia vir Harv. (Tab. XL) 312. - x. minor, Harv. (Fab. XIL) 312, Wight, the Piperaceæ of, e rnott, Wilson, W. Wim. Esq., on Mosses of Quito and wan River, (Tabs: XVI. XVIL) | A. Remarks on Mosses of Dr. Taylor, 12. | Zeyher’s S. Afcan Plants, on sale 242. ua viua ci emis 666 INDEX, ARRANGEMENT OF THE CHIEF BOTANICAL INFORMATION VOL. V. OF LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY. BIOGRAPHY. Vogel, the late Dr., Memoir of, 600, BOTANY OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, : AS FOLLOWS. EUROPE, Britain. : Gardner’s, Wm., Twenty Lessons on British Bloxam, Rev. Andrew, British Rubi, 659. French Genera of Plants, M. Plée on, 243. Continental Tour, described in a Letter, 524, Petersburgh, Letterfrom, 527. Pyrenæan Botany, Mr. Spruce on, 134, 345, 417, —— Plants, collected by Mr. Spruce, 10. . Spain, Botany of, 435. . Canaries, a Koniga froin, (Tab, VI.) 192, Stockholm, Le from, 527. , L Se AFRICA. — Abyssinian Plants, 7. African, South, ditto, 14, 242. . . Cape Moss, (Zygodon), 144, c a iE Sierra Leone, Niger, br. Vogel’s Travels, and Me- Java, — 193. s = > = s Plants, Catalogue of, 194, 246, Oriental Plants, Heldreich’s, 9 as ag Persian Plants, Kotschy’s, 10, us AMERICA, (NORTH). Carices, New, from, 69, END OF VOL. V. ~ London: Printed by Schulze and Co, 18, Poland Street. — Bourgeau's Plants from the Canary Islands, 243. Oregon, Missouri and Rocky Mountains, Mr. Geyer’ Travels, 22, 198, 285, Texas, Lindheimer’s Plants from, 12. AMERICA, (SOUTH). Bolivaria robusta, Benth, described, 190. Brazil, Travels by Von Martius, > : à Mr. Gardner’s Contributions to the Flora of, 209 ; : Godoya and allied Genera of New Granada, 584, Guiana, British, Schomburgk's Plants of, 351, Quito, Mosses of, 41, 447. Solaneæ of S. America, by Mr. Miers, 144. AUSTRALIA. Cunningham's, —_ Monument, with a plate, (frontispiece. s Leickhardt's Journey to Port Essington, 656. Swan River Mosses, 41, 142, Tasmanian, Compositæ and a new Plantago from, 444. Thysanothecium, a new Genus of Lichens, (Tab. X.) 257. RE tee Reviews and Notices of Books. Gardiner, Mr. W., Twenty Lessons on British — Mosses, 244. ; : ond Harvey's Phycologia Britannica, 245, Lindley's Vegetable Kingdom, 194 Plée, Genres des Plantes Frangaises, 243. Ralf's British Desmidieze, 12. = . PLANTS ON SALE. — Bloxam’s British Rubi, 650. Herbarium, n. Spruce's næan Plants, 10. pue DA vs ge VERE NE d Voi. V Tab I à 1 i + i gi D í i 1 : : 4 + ' VoLV Tab II. j s = VLN. Tah V. 1 Vol. TV. Tab V1. T gen Ju ————— Más Madeley, th: 5 Wellington: St. Stand. Tht. Tab XI. S 3 HH Hi "5 " | J ~ Ge ta NRA Ca TS RE v5 TET ri reped" vd, Tab XIII. IDEENE di. | Madeley 1.3 Willington. Se Sand. N tt (d AN d T jm ORA MINA A Wy N TM SU Sel dureleima frs oret clu) Madeley, B. TI gie Trane VolV.ïab.XV. - Vol V. Tab. XVI. Tab. Xll. MM —À— ÓÀÓ— . Tab. XVI Aserce Zglamcs . dn No Tab.XIX. XX LP gs, M iln, ji j j MY m Madeley litho 3 Wellington S°Strand Godoya splendida . Planch . XXI. XXI. Maddy lth SMectington St Strand. Codoya Antiopurensis