FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA.
WD
OF
TROPICAL AFRIGA.
EDITED BY.
SIR W. T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M.G., O.LE.,
LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD
DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
VOL, IV.—SECTION 1.
OLEACKEHA TO GENTIANES.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
LONDON:
LOVELL REEVE & CO.,, LIMITED,
Bublishers to the Home, Colonial and Endian Governments,
6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1904.
Mo. Bot.-Garder
jo06
DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE SEVERAL PARTS
OF THIS VOLUME.
Part I. pp. 1-192 was published July 1902.
» IL ,, 193-384 rr December 1902.
» Ul ., 385-576 3 March 1903.
» IV. ,, 577 to end November 1904.
CONTENTS.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS .
Order LXXXII. Oleacez
LXXXIII. Salvadoracee
LXXXIV. Apocynacee
LXXXYV. Asclepiadez
LXXXVI. Loganiacee
LXXXVII. Gentianee
Addenda
Page
FR
19
vid VC
CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS CONTAINED IN
THE FOURTH VOLUME.—SECTION 1.
Ciass I. DICOTYLEDONES.
Sub-Class II. GAMOPETALZ.
Cohort VII.—Gentianales. Corolla regular. Stamens as many “* the
corolla-lobes and alternate with them, or if fewer alternate with the carpels, Leaves
opposite, rarely alternate.
LXXXIJ. Oxeacex. Stamens 2, alternate with the carpels, rarely 4. Corolla
4-50 -merous. Style simple; stigma terminal. Ovary 2-celled; ovules usually
2 in each cell, fixed to the septum. Stipules 0.
LXXXIII. Sanvyaporacex, Stamens and corolla-lobes 4. Rudimentary
stipules present. Otherwise as in Oleacea.
LXXXIV. ApocyNACEH. Stamens and corolla-lobes usually 5. Pollen loose,
‘rarely cohering. Carpels free or united; style simple, at least above, with a
Biigmetic ring below or around the smooth apex. Fruit baccate, drupaceous, or of
2 distinct follicles.
LXXXV. AscLEPIADE®. Corolla-lobes usually 5, Stamens 5; anthers free
or united to the dilated part of the style; pollen granular or in waxy masses.
Carpels separating; style simple, at least above, expanded at the apex into a flat or
beaked disk with 5 stigmatic cavities. Follicles 2 or 1.
LXXXVI. LoGANIACE%. Stamens and corolla-lobes 4-5, rarely many. Ovary
2-celled ; style simple. Leaves connected by a transverse line or by stipules.
LXXXVII. GENTIANEX. Stamens and corolla-lobes 4-5, rarely many. Ovary
“usually 1-celled ; placentas parietal (except in Exacum). Leaves without a cou-
necting line or stipules.
}
E
4
PREFACE.
—
Tue large and constantly increasing mass of material has exceeded the
space allotted to it, and has made it necessary to divide the present
volume of the “ Flora of Tropical Africa” into two sections.
The concluding part of the present section has been delayed as far
as practicable in order to include in the Addenda the most recent
additions to our knowledge of the Orders described, and especially to
bring up to date what has been ascertained with regard to the
Apocynacee, which include most of the caoutchouc-producing plants of
Tropical Africa, as well as others yielding medicinal products of great
value.
For the amended definition of the regions into which the area of
the flora is divided, reference may be made to the preface to the
seventh volume.
In the prefaces to the first, fifth, seventh, and eighth volumes, will
be found an enumeration of the materials employed up to 1868, and of
the most important additions to them which have reached Kew since.
The further collections at Kew cited in the present volume are :
I. Urrer Gurnea.—T. B. Dawodu, plants from Lagos. Geheimrath
Dr. A. Engler, a collection of Warnecke’s plants from Togo. L. Kentish-
Rankin, plants from Northern Nigeria. D. Sim, a collection from
Liberia. A. Whyte, a collection from Liberia.
III. Nie Lanp—A. F. Broun, a collection of plants from the
M. T. Dawe, a collection of plants from Uganda. W.G.
s from Uganda. Sir H. H. Johnston, a
a. J. Mahon, a collection of plants
llection of plants from the Blue and
ollection of plants from South
a collection of plants from
Soudan.
Doggett, a collection of plant
collection of plants from Ugand
from Uganda. C. E. Muriel, a co
White Nile. Captain M. 8. Wellby, a ¢
Abyssinia and Lake Rudolph. A. Whyte,
Uganda and British East Africa.
IV. Lower Guivea.—J. Gossweiler, plants from Angola. H. Hua,
vi PREFACE.
a few species collected in the French Congo. Dr. L. Pierre;
a set of plants collected by Klaine in Gaboon.
V. Sourn Crenrrat.—Dr. Em. de Wildeman, plants from various
collections made in the Congo Free State.
VI. Mozampigur.— R. N. Lyne, plants from Zanzibar and
Pemba Island. J. M. Purves, plants from Nyasaland. Sir Alfred
Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B., plants from Nyasaland.
I must again record my acknowledgments of the assistance given
me by Mr. C. H. Wright in preparing the manuscript for the press and
in checking the proofs, and to Mr. N. E. Brown for working out the
geographical distribution.
For the detailed topography the third edition of the “Spezial-
karte von Afrika,” Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1893, has been chiefly
used,
We 22D.
KEW, October 190-4.
FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA.
OrveR LXXXII. OLEACEA. (By J. G. Baker.)
Flowers usually hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx inferior, small, cam-
panulate, usually 4-toothed. Corolla gamopetalous, hypocrateriform,
funnel-shaped or campanulate; lobes usually 4. Stamens usually 2,
epipetalous; filaments short ; anthers ovate-oblong, rarely linear, dorsi-
fixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Disk 0. Ovary superior, 2-celled ;
style usually short; stigma usually capitate, often finally shortly
2-lobed ; ovules usually 2 in a cell, attached by the base to the side or
apex of the dissepiment, anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit capsular
or indehiscent. Seeds 2—4, or by abortion solitary, erect or pendulous,
albuminous or exalbuminous; testa usually thin; embryo straight,
fleshy when the albumen is absent.—Erect or scandent unarmed shrubs
or trees. Leaves usually opposite, simple or imparipinnate, entire or
dentat exstipulate. Inflorescence simple or compound, centripetal or
centrifugal.
Species about 300, widely spread in the tropical and subtemperate regions of
both hemispheres.
Corolla-tube cylindrical ; lobes imbricate.
Fruit baccate . . : . . 1, JasmInuM.
Fruit hard, 2- valved F . . 2, SCHREBERA.
Corolla-tube short ; lobes induplicate-valvate i . 38. Ouma.
Petals nearly or quite free, very narrow’. : . 4, LINOCIERA.
1. JASMINUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 674,
Calyx-tube campanulate.; lobes 4, long or short. Corolla hypocrateri-
form ; tube cylindrical ; limb with 4-10 imbricate lobes. Stamens 2,
inserted just below the throat of the corolla- tube ; filaments short.
Ovary 2-celled ; style variable in length in the same species ; stigma
capitate or 2-lobed; ovules usually 2 in each cell, attached near
the base of the dissepiment. Berry didymous or by abortion simple.
Seeds solitary, erect; testa double; albumen 0; cotyledons plano-
VOL. IV. B
2 LXXXII, OLEACEH (BAKER). | Jasminum.
convex ; radicle inferior.—Shrubs, often more or less scandent. Leaves
usually opposite, simple or compound. Flowers usually white or yellow,
fragrant, arranged in simple or compound cymes.
Species about 100, spread through the tropical and temperate regions of the Old
World.
Leaves simple, opposite.
Lobes of the corolla about half as long as the tube.
Calyx-teeth longer than the tube.
Calyx } in. long .
Leaves glabrous beneath
Leaves pubescent beneath
Calyx 4-3 in. long.
Calyx-teeth6 —..
Calyx-teeth about 10
Calyx-teeth as long as the tube
Leaves acute . :
Leaves obtuse
Calyx-tee'h shorter than the tube.
Petiole very short, hairy .
Petiole longer, glabrous
Lobes of the corolla more than half ¢ as long as the tube.
Calyx-teeth twice as long as the tube.
Branches glabrous.
Leaves acute
Leaves obtuse ‘ :
Branchlets pubescent : Z
Calyx-teeth as long as the tube.
Pedicels short.
Cyines 1~2-flowered
Cymces few-flos ered
Cymes 5-8-flowered
Pedicels 3—? in, long.
Leaves ovate, glabrous
Leaves oblong, pubescent
Leaves obovate, pubescent
Calyx-teeth shorter than the tube.
Calyx-tube campanulate .
Calyx-tube ovoid
Calyx-tube cylindrical
Lobes of the corolla as long as the tube.
Leaves obtuse - 21. J, angolense.
Leaves acute.
Leaves glabrous.
Calyx } in. long . 22. J. oleecarpum.
Calyx din. long . - 23. J. gardeniodorum,
Leaves pubescent.
Leaves 3~1 in. long > 24. J. parvifolium.
Leaves 3-1} in. long. ‘ 25. J. dieranolept-
difurme-
Leaves 1-3 in. long : 26. J. Walleri.
Leaves with long hairs. Zl . 27, J. Preussii.
Leaves simple, ternately whorled.
. J. Engleri,
. J. Schweinfurthis.
. J. Smithii.
J. stenolobum.
. J. microphyllum.
. J. obtusifolium,
. J. Schimperi.
. J. brevipes.
. J. brachyscyphum,
. J. Meyeri-Johannis.
. J, tomentosum.
. od. Kirkii.
. J. Eminit.
. J. nilotieun.
. J. stenodon.
- J, pauciflorum.
. J. obovatum.
- J. Welwitschit.
» he Afe.
. J. longipes.
Jasminum. | LXXXII., OLEACEZ (BAKER). 3°
Cymes lax, few-flowered x ° . . 28. J. dichotomum.
Cymes dense, many-flowered.
Calyx-teeth oblanceolate . 3 nes . 29. J. bukobense.
Calyx-teeth ovate . iP i ° : . 30. J. ternifolium.
Leaves trifoliolate.
Side leaflets distinctly stalked.
Corolla-tube about an inch long.
Curolla-lobes more than half as long as the
tube ° : : : c ; . 31. J. megalosiphon.
Corolla-lobes less than half as long us the
tube : A : - ‘ : . 82. J. Pospischilii.
Corolla-tube 3 in. long.
Leaves hairy : : 6 : ; . 33. J. mauritianum.
Leaves glabrous . : c : : . 84. J. somaliense.
Corolla-tube 3-§ in. long.
Branchlets subglabrous ; : : . 35. J. abyssinicum.
Branchlcts pubescent.
Leaflets 1-3 in. long : - ; . 36. J. Hildebrandtii.
Leaflets 1-2 in. long.
Leaflets acute : : : : . 87. J. Holstii.
Leaflets obtuse or subacute. ; . 38. J. schroterianum.
Corolla-tube } in. long. : : : . 89. J. Bakeri.
Side leaflets subsessile . : : : : . 40. J. Steudneri.
Leaves imparipinnate.
Leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate . : . 41. J. getzeanum.
Leaflets ovate or ovate-ob!ong.
End leaflet 3-1 in. long . : : : . 42. J. mossamedense.
End leaflet 1-14 in. long. ; c : . 43. J. floribundum.
1. J. Engleri, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xix. Beibl. 46. A shrub, with
slightly pubescent branchlets. Leaves simple, oppasite, very shortly
petioled, ovate-oblong, 1—2 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, glabrous,
shining on the upper surface. Cymes many-flowered, terminal ; bracts
setaceous. Calyx-tube campanulate, j,-;5 in. long; teeth 5-6,
setaceous, twice as long as the tube. Corolla white; tube cylindrical,
1 in. long; lobes broadly ovate, acute, half as long as the tube.
Mozamb. Dist. (erman East -Africa: Kilimanjaro ; thick woods near
Moschi (Moshi), 3500 ft., Volkens, 1589.
2. J. Schweinfurthii, Gilg in Notizbl. Kinigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
i. 72. Branchlets slender, densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong,
acute, 1-24 in. long, pubescent beneath; petiole very short. Flowers
1-3-nate, terminal and axillary; pedicels long. Calyx } in. long; >
teeth subulate, longer than the tube. Corolla white; tube 1 in. long ;
lobes 6—7, lanceolate, half as long as the tube.—J/. dschuricum, Gilg,
Le. 78;
Nile Land. British East Africa: Jur; Wau, Schweinfurth, 1668!
South Central. Congo Free State: Monbuttu; Mnnza, Schweinfurth, 9419! |
3. J. Smithii, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 93. Branchlets _
slender, glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite, ovate or oblong, obtuse, .
3 LXXX1J. OLEACE (BAKER). | Jasminum.
sube sriaceous, glabrous, shortly petioled, 1-14 in. long. Flowers 1-3
at the end of the branchlets, on short pedicels. Calyx-tube campanu-
late, glabrous, } in. long ; teeth’ 6, subulate, rather longer than the
tube. Corolla-tube 1-1} in. long; lobes 10, lanceolate, 3-3 in. long.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, Smith !
4. J. stenolobum, folfe in Oates, Matabeleland, ed. 2, 405.
An erect shrub with slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves simple,
ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute, shortly petioled, pubescent, }—1}
in. long. Flowers solitary at the end of the branchlets, on very
short peduncles. Calyx pubescent,’4$—}-in. long; teeth about 10,
setaceous, much longer than the campanulate tube. Corolla white ;
tube cylindrical, 3-1 in. long; lobes 10-12, lanceolate, about 4 in.
long.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands,
Buchanan, 225! Mandala, Scott-Elliot, 8447! near Magomero, Meller! between
Lake Shirwa and Lake Chiuta, Cunningham, 21! and without precise locality,
Buchanan, 429! Rhodesia: Batoka Highlands, Kirk! Matabeleland; Matoppo
Mountains, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 113! near Guelo, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil,
132! and without precise locality, Elliott! Oates! Lake Ngami, McCabe, 33!
South African Gold Fields, Baines !
Also in South Africa.
5. J. microphyllum, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 93. A slender
erect or climbing shrub. Branchlets densely pubescent Leaves
opposite, ovate, moderately firm, #-1 in. long, pubescent beneath, all
but the lowest acute. Flowers 1-—3-nate, terminal; pedicels short. .
Calyx 4 in. long; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube
white, ? in. long; lobes 8~10, lanceolate, half as long as the tube.—
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 654.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; by the River Lopollo, rather rare, Wel-
witsch, 932 !
6. J. obtusifolium, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 93. Branchlets
pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong, obtuse, 1-14 in. long, finely
pubescent beneath; petiole very short. Cymes terminal, few-flowered ;
pedicels short. Calyx 4 in. long; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla-tube 1-1} in. long; lobes about 8, lanceolate, half as long as °
the tube.
Upper Guinea. Niger Territory: common at Kawgan, near tl a
Barter, 3435! y gan, near the Niger,
7. J. Schimperi, Vatke in Linnea, xl. 210. Branchlets slender
angled, pubescent. Leaves suborbicular or broad oblong, cuspidate,
14-2 in. long, moderately firm, pubescent beneath; petiole very short,
very hairy. Flowers few, terminal; pedicels very short. Calyx 1 in,
long ; teeth ovate, shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube 3-1 in. long ; 7
Jasminum. | LXXXII, OLEACE&® (BAKER). 5
lobes 6-8, lanceolate, half as long as the tube-—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl.
Trop. Afr. 334,
Nile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder; by the River Reb, 6000 ft., Schimper,
1112!
8. J. brevipes, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 93. A robust climber.
Branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves opposite, oblong, 2-3 in. long,
acute or obtuse, subcoriaceous, glabrous; petiole } in. long. Cymes
few-flowered, terminal; pedicels very short. Calyx } in. long ; teeth
linear, rather shorter than the tube. Corolla white ; tube 1 in long;
lobes 6, lanceolate, half as long as the tube. Berry small, oblong.—
J. ternum, Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 535 partly ; Hiern in Cat. Afr.
Pl. Welw. i. 654.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; Mangue Forests among the moun-
tains of Alto Queta, and between Ponte de Lu‘z Simées and Camilungo, Welwitsch,
926! Ainbaca; in thickets between Izanga and Ngombe, Welwitsch, 929.
The typical J. ternum of Knoblauch has ternate leaves and is J. dichotomum,
Vahl.
9. J. brachyscyphum, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 93.
Branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute or acuminate,
glabrous, 1-2 in. long; petiole 3-34 in. long. Cymes few-flowered,
terminal; pedicels short, glabrous. Calyx } in. long; teeth subulate,
twice as long as the tube. Corolla-tube # in. long; lobes 5-6, oblong-
lanceolate, } in. long.
Mozamb. Dist. Pritish Central Africa : Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Bucha-
nan, 224! Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! Mount Mlanji, plains and up to
4000 ft., McClounie, 43! 17!
10, J. Meyeri-Johannis, Hngl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 334, A
climbing shrub, with slender glabrous branchlets. Leaves simple,
ovate, obtuse, 14 in. long, shining above, glabrous on both surfaces,
ciliate on the margin; petiole very short. _ Cymes many-flowered ;
bracts linear, } in. long, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx-tube ovoid,
4 in. long; teeth linear, twice as long as the tube. Corolla-tube
4 in. long; lobes lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Berry black, } in.
in diam.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 4000-5000 ft.,
Meyer, 371.
11. J. tomentosum, Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 536. A shrub
5-6 ft. high, with flexuose branches ; branchlets slender, densely pubes-
cent. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, ovate, obtuse, 1-1} in. long,
pubescent, especially beneath. Flowers 1—2-nate; peduncle and pedi-
cels pubescent. Calyx-tube campanulate, densely pubescent, $ in. long;
teeth setaceous, twice as long as the tube. Corolla white; tube cylin-
drical, 3 in. long ; lobes lanceolate, $ in. long.
Mile Land. British East Africa: coast land near Mombasa, Hildebrandt,
1941.
6 LXXXII, OLEACEA (BAKER). [ Jasminum.
12. J. Kirkii, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 94. Branchlets
slender, densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong, thin, 1-1} in.
long, finely pubescent beneath ; petiole very short, very hairy. Cymes
1-2-flowered, terminal; pedicels very short. Calyx } in. long; teeth
lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube 2 in. long; lobes 6-7,
lanceolate, $ in. long.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; between Lupata
and Tete, Kirk! Shiramba, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mount
Mlanji, Scott-Elliot, 8659 !
13. J. Eminii, Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 309. A compact
shrub. Leaves simple, opposite, with a short petiole articulated near
the apex, ovate, 1-14 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, chartaceous,
clothed thinly with brown hairs on the upper surface, densely beneath.
Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; peduncles and_ pedicels
densely clothed with brown hairs. Calyx-tube subcylindrical ; lobes
linear-deltoid, as long as the tube. Corolla glabrous ; tube terete, $ in.
long; lobes lanceolate, acute, more than half as long as the tube.
Nile Land. Uganda; Manjonjo (Manyonyo), Stuhlmann, 1381.
14. J. niloticum, Gily in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C.309. Aclimbing
shrub, with pubescent glabrescent branchlets. Leaves simple, opposite,
with a slender pubescent petiole, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1—2 in. long,
acute or acuminate, rather rounded at the base, slightly pubescent on
the upper surface, densely hairy on the ribs beneath. Cymes usually
terminal, 5—8-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, 4-4} in. long. Calyx-tube
urceolate, ;'; in. long; lobes linear-triangular, equalling or rather
shorter than the tube. Corolla glabrous; tube above } in. long; lobes
6-7, lanceolate, more than half as long as the tube.
Wile Land. Madi, Baker, 222 (ex Gilg).
15. J. stenodon, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 94. Branchlets
slender, glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, 13-2 in.
long, broadly rounded at the base; petiole | in. long. Cymes terminal,
3—4-flowered ; outside pedicels $ in. long. Calyx } in. long; teeth
subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla pure white; tube 1 in. long ;
lobes about 10, lanceolate, rather shorter than the tube.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Ambriz, Monteiro /
Very near to J. multipartitum, Hochst., from Natal.
16, J. pauciflorum, Benth. in Huok. Niger Fl. 443. Branchlets
very slender, densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, ‘oblong, acute,
2-3 in. long, thin, pubescent beneath ; petiole very hairy, 4-1 in. long.
Cymes few-flowered, very lax, axillary and terminal ; pedicels 3-2 in.
long. Calyx { in. long: teeth linear, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube
? in. long; lobes 6-10, $ in. long. Berry small, globose.
Jasminum. | LXXXII, OLEACEA (BAKER). 7
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Bagru River, Mann, 849! near Bafodeya,
Scott-Elliot, 5556! 5639! and cultivated specimen, Whitfield ! Gold Coast : Cape
Coast Castle, Vogel, 10 ! Lagos, Rowland! Niger Territory ; Nupe, Barter !
Lower Guinea. Loango: near Chinchocho, Soyaua, 50!
17. J. obovatum, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 94. ; Mata de Pungo and Cabonda,
Welwitsch, 941! and without p:ecise locality, Mechow, 152.
+. L. Johnsoni, Baker. A tree, reaching 60 ft. in height;
branches grey, glabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, the largest
6-8 in. long, 25-3} in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, subcoria-
ceous, glabrous on both surfaces; main veins rather ascending and
becoming nearly parallel to the margin. Flowers all in short axillary
panicles with pubescent branches, crowded at the tip of the branchlets.
Calyx very small, campanulate, pubescent. Petals } in. long, free
nearly to the base, lanceolate from a broad base, yellow or creamy-white,
fragrant, Stamens } the length of the petals.
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Aburi Hills, Johnson, 148! 453!
6. L. congesta, Baker. A shrub or low tree, 12-15 ft. high;
branchlets glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite, oblong, acuminate,
glabrous, 4-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, cuneate at the base; petiole {4
in. long. Flowers few, in sessile or nearly sessile clusters in the axils
of the leaves; bracts minute. Calyx } lin. long; segments ovate; tube
very short. Petals nearly } in. long, united at the base into a very
short tube. Drupe oblong, ? in. long.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon River, Mann, 2214!
Lower Guinea. Spanish Gaboon: Muni (Dinger) River, Mann, 1747!
7. L. Welwitschii, Baker. A tree 50-80 ft. high; branchlets
and leaves at first pubescent, soon glabrescent. Leaves oblong or
lanceolate, acuminate, subcoriaceous, above an inch long. Panicles
Linociera. | LXXXII, OLEACE& (BAKER). 21
half as long as the leaves; bracts oblong, deciduous. Calyx-tube cam-
panulate; teeth 4, obtuse, 4 the length of the tube. Corolla-tube half
as long as the orbicular lobes.—Mayepea Welwitschii, Knobl. in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. 530; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 658.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; in dense forests by the cataracts of
the River Cuango, near Sange, Welwitsch, 945! 946.
Order LXXXIII. SALVADORACEA., (By J. G. Baker.)
Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dicecious. Calyx cam-
panulate, 3-5-lobed. Corolla-segments 4—5, imbricate, free or united.
Stamens usually 4, hypogynous or inserted on the corolla-tube ; fila-
ments short, free or monadelphous, sometimes alternating with small
scales ; anthers short, dorsifixed. Ovary 1—2-celled ; style very short;
stigma capitate or emarginate ; ovules 1—2 in a cell, basal, anatropous.
Berry fleshy or subdrupaceous ; endocarp thin. Seed usually solitary,
exalbuminous; cotyledons thick; radicle inferior.—Shrubs or trees,
sometimes spiny. Leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous; rudimentary
stipules sometimes present. Flowers small, arranged in panicles or
axillary fascicles.
Species 7, confined to the warmer regions of Africa and Asia.
Petals free.
Branches unarmed. Stamens monadelphous . . 1. DOBERA.
Branches spinose. Stamens free . : : 7 2. AZIMA.
Petals united into a short tube . é : : . 3. SALVADORA.
1. DOBERA, Juss.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 680.
Calyx campanulate, irregularly 3—5-lobed. Petals 4—5, free, oblong,
spreading. Stamens 4—5, hypogynous ; filaments dilated and united at
the base, with small glands alternating with them; anthers oblong.
Ovary 1-celled; style short; stigma capitate; ovules 1-2, basal, erect.
Drupe ellipsoid. Seed erect; testa cartilaginous.— Unarmed trees, with
broad coriaceous opposite leaves. Flowers small, polygamous, in axillary
panicles,
Species 2, 1 extending to India.
Ovule 1 é s “i : : ; 5 . Ll. D. Roxburghii.
Ovules 2 : : : : : : : . 2. D. loranthifolia.
1. D. Roxburghii, Planch. in Ann. Se. Nat. sér, 3, x. 191. A
large tree, with branchlets finely pubescent upwards. Leaves cori-
aceous, very variable in shape, 2-3 in. long, ovate or obovate, acute or
obtuse, deltoid at the base, glabrous above when mature, thinly clothed
with obscure whitish pubescence beneath; petiole very short. Panicles
all axillary, erecto-patent, shorter than the leaves; rhachis white-
tomentose; pedicels 0. Calyx pale green, ;4,-} in. long. Petals twice
as long as the calyx, spreading. Filaments united more than halfway
up. Drupe ellipsoid, 4-3 in. long, obtuse or pointed.—D. glabra,
22 LXXXIII, SALVADORACEH: (BAKER). | Dobera.
A.DC. and D. coriacea. A.DC. in DC. Prod. xvii. 31. Schizocalyx
coriaceus, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 108, partly.
Nile Land. Er:trea: near Amba Forkhan, Schweinfurth & Riva, 620! near
Ginda, 2900-3400 ft., Schweinfurth g Riva, 2241! Kordofan: Katul Gombara,
Pfund, 208! Helba, Pfund, 692! near Homra, Murie/, 178! Abyssinia: Modat
Valley, Schimper, 1744! British East Africa ; Mombasa, Wakefield !
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: in mangrove swamps opposite Zan-
zibar, Kirk !
Also in Arabia and India.
2. D. loranthifolia, Warb. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
Nachtr. zu ii.iv. 282. - ‘ : . 1. C. henriquesiana.
**CYLINDROPSIS.—Climbing shrubs. Leaves not glaucous, elliptic to oblong;
secondary nerves rather distant, faint. Cymes axillary (or sometimes with some
additional terminal (?) ones), reduced to small sessile clusters (in the African species),
rarely lax. Flowers not quite 3 lin. long in the mature bud (in the African species),
rarely up to 43 lin. long. Corolla-tube more or less cylindric, usually longer than
the lobes. Style filiform ; stigma subulate from an annulate base.— Cylindropsis,
Pierre.
Quite glabrous ; corolla-tube cylindric to beyond the
middle, more or less abruptly inflated below the
mouth; ovary puberulous in the upper part . 2. C. parvifolia.
More or less hairy on the young branches ; corolla-
tube widest at or near the middle, cylindric
below or gradually narrowed to both ends ; ovary
quite glabrous.
Flowers yellow; sepals submembranous, pale,
glabrous or almost so except on the ciliate
margins : ; . dj .
Flowers white; sepals firm, scarious, brown,
pubescent . ‘ ‘ ; is . 4 C. alba.
3. C. togolana,
***EUCLITANDRA.—Climbing shrubs. Leaves very rarely glaucous, elliptic or
oblong, rarely lanceolate, very closely nerved. Cymes axillary, much contracted or
reduced to sessile clusters. Flowers usually 4-12 lin. (rarely 3 lin.) long in the
mature bud. Corolla-tube more or less cylindric, usually very slender, longer or
62 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). | Clitandra
shorter than the lobes. Style columnar, very short ; stigma conical from a thickened
base, very short.
Corolla-tube almost as long as or longer than the
lobes ; leaves not glaucous.
Corolla-tube as long as the linear or ovate-oblong
lobes or only slightly longer. ,
Flowers 3-4} lin. long; cymes finely pubescent.
Venation rather faint ; secondary nerves 15—
20 on each side; panicles small, dense ;
corolla-tube subcylindric :
Venation very marked, prominent; secondary
nerves 9-11 on each side ; panicles very
compound, dense; corolla-tube inflated
below . ‘ : c : A :
Flowers over 4 lin, Jong; cymes quite glabrous
or very minutely and scantily pubescent.
Flowers sessile, 5 lin. long . :
Flowers distinctly pedicelled, 6-8 lin. long.
Cymes quite glabrous; pedicels less than
1 lin. long; ovary glabrous é . 8. C. viscifiua.
Cymes minutely and scantily pubescent ;
pedicels up to 2 lin, long; ovary-top
pubescent. : : ¢ : . 9. C. Staudtir.
Corolla-tube twice as long as the obovate lobes. :10. C. cirrhosa.
Corolla-tube half as long as the linear lobes; leaves
glaucous below ‘ s 3 : é . 11. C. Schweinfurthii.
5. C. cymulosa,
6. C. orientalis.
7. C. Bartert.
#*** APHANOSTYLIS.—Climbing shrubs. Leaves not glaucous, elliptic to oblong,
closely or remotely nerved. Cymes usually lax, axillary and terminal. Corolla-tube
urceolate to campanulate, very short.
Secondary nerves very close, connected by more or less
flat arches close to the margin.
Corolla 23-3 lin. long in bud; tube scarcely 3 lin,
long c : < Z 4 5 . 12. &. Manni.
Corolla up to 6 lin. long in bud; tube scarcely
14 lin. long : : 13. C. laxiflora.
Secondary nerves distant, connected by bold arches
somewhat remote from the margin.
Leaves long and abruptly acuminate ; corolla 33-43
lin. Jong in bud ; ovary pubescent 3 . 14, C. leptantha.
Leaves shortly acuminate ; corolla 6 lin. long in bud;
ovary quite glabrous. . é : : . 15. C. flavidiflora.
#***% ANTHOCLITANDRA—Climbing shrubs. Leaves oblong to elliptic, remotely
nerved, Cymes axillary and terminal, forming many-flowered dense sessile clusters.
Corolla-tube spindle-shaped, up to 3 lin. long.
Only species . 16. C. robustior.
1. C. henriquesiana, XK. Schum. in Tropenpfl. i. 134, fig. B, 139
(name and figure only). An erect, perfectly glabrous shrub, much
branched from the base, up to } ft; high; branches slender, the young
parts flexuous, bark reddish-brown ; lenticels very small, numerous.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely subacuminate, 1~2 in.
long, 4—} in. broad, coriaceous, shining above, glaucous below; midrib
slightly channelled above, prominent below; secondary nerves about
_Clitandra. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACEZ (STAPF). 63
12-15 on each side, subhorizontal, very slender, slightly raised on both
sides, connecting arches close to the margin; reticulation faint ; petiole
slender, 14-24 lin. long. Cymes shortly peduncled, few-flowered,
glabrous or scantily pubescent, axillary, often terminating short small-
leaved branchlets; peduncles slender, 1-2 lin. long; bracts oblong,
obtuse, up to 1} lin. long; pedicels up to1} lin. long. Calyx glaucous,
scarcely 1 lin. long; sepals ovate, obtuse to subacute, ciliolate, margins
very thin. Corolla glabrous without, 8 lin. long in bud ; tube widened
close to the base, cylindric upwards, 4—5 lin. long, hairy within; lobes
linear-oblong, obtuse, as long as the tube or slightly longer. Stamens
inserted about 1 lin. above the base; filaments very short; anthers
oblong, apiculate, scarcely 1 lin. long. Ovary depressed-globose,
densely covered with stiff whitish hairs; style glabrous, including the
stigma } lin. long; stigma capitate, with a distinct annular thickening
at the base, short, 2-lobed.—Sadebeck, Nutzpfl. Deutsch. Kolon. in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xiv. (1896), 3. Beih. 122, and
Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon. 268, 276 (name only); Mikosch in Wiesner,
Rohstoffe, ed. 2, 363 (name only). Landolphia henriquesiana, Hallier
f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb, Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii.
(1899), 3. Beih. 97, 1380.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Benguela; Cuango River, 14-16", 8S. L., Marques,
2! Kuebe (Matungue) River, 3700 ft., Baum, 309!
The specimen quoted by Hallier, l.c., from Mossamedes (Moller !) is certainly
distinct from C. henriquesiana, and identical with an imperfectly known new species,
distributed from Berlin as Carpodinus chylorrhiza, K. Schum. see p. 58. C. henri-
quesiana is stated to be one of the sources of the so-called root-rubber.
2. C. parvifolia, Stapf.
by the Kasai River, near Kikassa, Pogge, 1157! Bena Dilule (Dible), Luja, 266!
between the Lufubu River and Nyangwe, Pogge, 1074!
According to Dewévre, C. lanceolata assumes occasionally tle habit of a climber,
developing at thesame time tendrils. It yields most of the root-rubber of the Congo
Impenfectly known species.
23. ©. acida, Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. v. 456.—DC. Prod. viii-
329; Hook. Niger Fl. 446; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn: 141, 321;
Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn, Paris, 1898, 37; J umelle, Pl. 4 Caoutchouc et
& Gutta, 62; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 107; Warb. Kautschukpf-
120, not of Schweinf.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: by the side of a rivulet in the mountains near
Free Town, Don.
This is known only from the fruits which are said to be acid and somewhat smaller
than those of C. dulcis. It is, according to G. Don (ex Sabine, l.c.), a more straggling
Carpodinus. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACE& (STAPF). 87
climber than C. dulcis, and only two specimens of it were found. Planchon mentions.
it as producing a kind of rubber. The “ C. acidus” of Schweinfurth (Heart of
Africa, i. 185) is evidently Landolphia owariensis.
24, C. foretiana, Pierre ex Jwmelle, Plant. & Caoutch. et & Gutta,.
98. A powerful climber; stem over 24 in. in diam.; branches
glabrous, blackish-brown, dotted with small yellowish lenticels. Leaves.
ovate-oblong, with rounded or cuspidate tips, up to 11 in. long, 6 in.
broad, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy above; secondary nerves 7—9 on each
side, oblique, much raised below ; petiole about 5 lin. long. Flowers of
the size of those of the ordinary lilac, white, scentless. Fruit ovoid-
globose, over 3 in. long and 2} in. in diam.; seeds 20-25.—Pierre in
Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38.
Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Fernand Vaz, Foret.
Two leaves of C. foretiana communicated by Jumelle to the Berlin herbarium
so much resemble those of C. maxima, that [ would not hesitate to refer them to this.
species if it were not for the flowers of C. foretiana being described as small (of the
size of lilac flowers), whilst they are comparatively large in C. maxima,
25. C. fulva, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38 (name
only). A very tall climbing shrub, with long flagelliform tendrils ;
young branches and tendrils more or less densely hispid with long
reddish spreading hairs, the former with numerous inconspicuous
lenticels. Leaves obovate-oblong, abruptly, shortly and acutely acumi-
nate, slightly cordate at the base, 3-4 in. long, 2-2} in. broad, sub-
coriaceous, slightly shining above with stiff hairs on both sides, but.
chiefly on the nerves below, finally glabrescent above; midrib finely
channelled above; secondary nerves 5-6 on each side, slightly sunk
above, distinctly raised below, connected by bold arches; veins fine,
distinct, loosely anastomosing ; petiole 3-4 lin. long. Flowers unknown.
Fruit lemon-shaped, «piculate, almost 2 in. long, yellow, hairy when
young.—Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 108 partly.
Lower Guinea. (aboon: Munda ; Sibange Farm, Dinklage, 575! and without
precise locality, Klaine, 1400!
Hallier (l.c.) also refers specimens from Togo (Baumann, 520!) and from Mon-
buttu (Schweinfurth, 3482 !), all without flowers or fruits, to this species, to which
they bear a certain general resemblance without however, agreeing exactly, and the
Togo specimens are more likely to be identical with C. hirsuta.
26. C. griffoniana, Pierre ex Jumelle, Plant. a Caoutchoue et a
Gutta, 98.
Nothing is known about thisspecies except that it is allied to C. foretiana. It is
probably the plant mentioned by Pierre, in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 93, as.
Sclerodictyon griffonianum. See Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Juhrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 156. Pierre says that in the shape of the
leaves it resembles his Ancylobotrys mammosa, var. mucronata, and that the vrai
are thin and faintly nerved.
88 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). | Carpodinus.
27. C. (?) Iganda, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38
(name only).
Lower Guinea, (Gaboon: Fernand Vaz, Foret.
This is evidently the plant described by Jumelle, Plant. & Caoutchouc et 4 Gutta,
102, under the native name “ Iganda.” It is one of the rubber plants sent by Foret
from Fernand Vaz to the Musée colonial de Marseilles. It is described thus:
Branches brown with short white hairs and scanty lenticels. Leaves elliptic, rounded
at the base, acuminate, 5 in. long, 2 in. broad; lateral nerves 10-12 on each side,
slightly raised ; petiole 7 lin. long. Fruit globose, brown, smooth, almost 3 in. in diam.
Pierre refers it with some doubt to his section Antchinea,
28. C. Jumellei, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38 (name
only). A climber; branches covered with short, stiff, reddish hairs ;
lenticels numerous, yellowish. Leaves ovate, acutely and shortly
acuminate, rounded at the base, 43 in. long, 2? in. broad ; lateral nerves
5~6 on each side; petiole 4 lin.long. Flowers in cymes. Calyx hispid
with reddish hairs, 1 lin. long. Fruit globose, brown when dry, 2} in.
in diam. Seeds 8.—Jumelle, Pl. 4 Caoutchouc et 4 Gutta, 100.
Lower Guinea. French Congo, Foret.
29. C. Gentilii, De Wild. Apocyn. & Latex rec. par Gentil, 28. A
powerful climber; stem over 1 ft. in diam.; young branches covered
with stiff spreading brown hairs, at length glabrous, and dotted with
yellowish-white lenticels. Leaves elliptic or obovate, abruptly acute,
cuneate or rounded at the base (rarely subcordate), 3-4? in. long, 14-24
in. broad, hairy (chiefly on the nerves) above, subhirsute below ; midrib
channelled above; secondary nerves about 11 on each side, oblique,
finely channelled above, connected by distinct marginal arches; petiole
5 lin. long, hirsute. Fruit subglobose, 43 in. long, 4 in. in diam. ;
orange-yellow, tubercled ; pericarp 7-15 lin. thick when fresh. Seeds
8-30, 8-9 lin. long, embedded in an acid, edible, whitish-yellow pulp.
South Central. Cvngo Free State : between Lake Leopold and Lake Tumba,
Gentil.
Said to be allied to C. fulva.
5. CARISSA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 695.
Calyx small, eglandular, very rarely multiglandular within ; sepals 9,
very rarely 4, free or nearly so, imbricate, acute or acuminate. Corolla
salver-shaped ; tube slightly widened below the mouth or near the
middle; lobes usually overlapping to the right, rarely to the left.
Stamens enclosed in the widened part of the corolla-tube; filaments
short, slender; anthers oblong, acute ; cells obtuse at the base, pollini-
ferous and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Ovary entire, 2-celled;
ovules 1—4 in each cell, from the middle of the septum, rarely more in
2-3 rows; style filiform; stigma at the level of the anthers, or rarely
some way below them, oblong. papillose and viscous, with a 2-lobed
Carissa. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACES (STAPF). 89
hairy tip. Fruit baccate, globose to oblong. Seeds usually 1-4, rarely
more, peltate, plano-convex; hilum central; endosperm horny; cotyledons
ovate ; radicle superior.— Much branched, straggling and usually very
spinous shrubs or small trees, rarely climbing ; spines opposite, simple,
rarely forked, often very stout. Leaves coriaceous, very variable on
the same individual ; axillary stipules 0; axillary glands very minute
and few, or 0. Inflorescence often umbelliform, or corymbiform, and
much-contracted, terminal or pseudo-axillary, rarely cymose, lax and
few-flowered ; flowers subsessile, white or tinged with pink. Berries
often edible.
About 18 species, in the tropics of the Old World, extratropical South Africa and
Australia.
*Evu-Carissa.—Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right.
Ovules 1-4 in each cell. Spines simple ; . 1. C. edulis.
**ARDUINA.—Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. Ovules
1-10 in each cell. Spines bifurcate.
Flowers pentamerous. Ovules solitary. : .
Flowers tetramerous. Ovules in each cell 3.
C. Arduina.
C. tetramera.
1. C. edulis, Vahl, Sym.i. 22. A very much branched straggling or
climbing shrub, glabrous, or young branches with short spreading hairs
but soon glabrescent; spines simple, straight or recurved, 1-2 in. long,
rarely almost suppressed. Leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic or sublanceolate,
rarely orbicular, 9-24 lin. long, 9-18 lin. broad, sometimes much smaller,
rounded at the base or subcuneate, acute and often mucronate, rarely
‘obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous or very soon glabrescent ; nerves 3—5, faint on
both sides; petiole 1-14 lin. long. Calyx 14-2 lin. long; sepals lanceo-
late, acuminate, ciliolate, glabrous or puberulous. Corolla white or
purple, or purple turning white, glabrous or minutely hairy at the
mouth and on the inner surface of the lobes, 6-9 (rarely 4-6) lin. long ;
lobes ovate or oblong, acute, 1}—4 lin. long. Berry globose, purple to
black, 1-2 in. in diam., edible. Seeds 2-4.—Delile, Cent. Pl. Afr. Caill.,
51, t. 2, fig. 1; DO. Prod. viii, 334; Hook. Niger Fl. 446; Ficalho, Pl.
Uteis Afr. Port. 221; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 141, 286,292; Engl.
in Engl, Jahrb. viii. 64; Hochgebirgsfl. Trop.-Afr. 340; Deflers, Voy.
Yemen, 163: Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 49, 50, and in
Virchow’s Archiv. Path. Anat. u. Phys. Bd. 154, 246; Durand &
Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 189; K.Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii.
453. (. dulcis, Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 146; DC. l.c. 333.
C. pubescens, DC. lc. 334; Hook. Niger Fl. 446. (. candolleana, Jaub.
& Spach, Ill. Fl. Or. v. t. 497. C. cornifolia, Jaub. & Spach, Le. t.
498. C. richardiana, Jaub. & Spach, l.c. t. 496; C. Schimpert, Balf. %
un Trans. Roy. Soc. Elin. xxxi. 157, not of A. DC.; @. sp. no. 3, Oliv.
an Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 107. Antura, Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab.
63. A. hadiensis, G. F. Gmel. Syst.405. Arduina edulis, Spreng. Syst.
1. 669; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 127, and in
Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. OC. 315, and in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-
Exped. 304. Carandas edulis, Hiern in Gat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii.
90 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEH (STAPF). | Carissa.
664. Jasminonerium africanum, J. dulce, J. edule and J. pubescens,
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii. 415.
Upper Guinea. Cape Verd, Perrottet, 490! 494! Gold Coast: Accra, Vogel!
Cape Coast Castle, Brass! Krobo plains, Johnson, 510! Togo; Atikpui, Schlechter,
12980.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith! Naumann, Daniell! Angola:
Loanda, common on the coast hills, Welwitsch, 5972! 5973! 5975! Loanda,
Rattriiy! Ambriz, Welwitsch, 5974! Monteiro, 1! Kissembo, Welwitsch, 5974!
Bumbo; Bruco, Welwitsch, 5971!
Wile Land. Nubia: Erkowit Mountain, Schweinfurth, 241! Eritrea: Habab,
4000-8000 ft., Hildebrandt, 486! Keren, 4500 ft., Beccari, 35! Acrur, 6000 ft.,
Schweinfurth & Riva, 1348! Abyssinia, up to 8000 ft., Salt! Quartin Dillon &
Petit, 25! Schimper, 156 partly ! 2U9 partly ! 560! 590! 867! 893 ! Schoa ; Ankober,
Roth, 406! Upper Sennar: Fazokl, Boriemi in Herb. Kotschy, 78! Paul von
Wiirtemberg! Gebel Kassan, Cienkowsky, 61! Camamil, Choor Gutschetsch,
Kotschy, 569! Somaliland: Golis Range, Miss Edith Cole! British East Africa :
Jur, Schweinfurth, 1586! Kich; Ador Village, Petherick ! Madi, Speke & Grant,
688! Uganda, Wilson, 86! Mau Plateau, Johnston, 3! Leikipia, 6000-8000 1d
Thomson! Mwachi, Scott-Elliot, 6128! near Mombasa, Wakefield! Witu,
Thomas, 112! Wanga, Smith !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe, Speke § Grant, 214!
Kilimanjaro, 3300-3600 ft., Volkens, 1794! 2058! Usambara, Buchwald, 103!
119! Usagara, ex Schumann, Uhehe; Ivinga, Goetze! British Central Africa :
Nyasaland, Buchanan, 150! Cumevon, 4! Zambesi River, at Victoria Falls,
Kirk!
Also in Socotra and tropical Arabia.
Var. 8 tomentosa, Stapf. Branches and leaves tomentose, at least in a young
state.—C. tomentosa, A, Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 80; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop-
Afr. 340. C. pilosa, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg, xxx. 258. Jas-
minonerium tomentosum, O, Kuntze, Rey. Gen, Pl. ii, 415.
Wile Land. Eritrea: Marakhat Valley, near Saganeiti, 7000 ft., Schwetn-
furth & Riva, 824! Abyssinia, Schimper, 156 partly! 209 partly ! 1068! Petit.
British East Africa : Jur, Schweinfurth, 1406! 1859!
Lower Guinea. Damaraland: Groctfontein, Schinz.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Rhodesia; Buluwayo, Rand, 176!
Matabeleland, Gates! Bechuanaland ; Lake River, Lugard, 16!
I have enumerated here only the extreme forms ; specimens with more or less
hairy young branches approaching var. tomentosa may be met with in almost any
pert of the area of the type.
Var. y major, Stapf. Branches and leaves glabrous or more or less hairy>
berries 7-8 lin. in diam.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Lopollo, Welwitsch, 5969!
Mozamb. Dist. Nyasaland: Manganja Hills, Meller! Chiradzulu Hill,
Kirk! Transvaal; Zoutpansberg, Nelson, 412! by the Lehlaba (Lehlabane) River,
Nelson, 373!
I have referred to var. major only specimens of which I have seen or had notes
by the collectors, concerning the ripe fruits.
The shape and size vf the leaves, length of the corolla-tube and general amount of
hairiness are extremely variable, but are characters which seem neither to be dis-
tinetly correlated, nor to be dependent upon geagraphical areas.
Carissa. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACE& (STAPF). 9}
2. C. Arduina, Lam. Encycl. i. 555. A glabrous, rarely
pubescent shrub up to 10 ft. high, with numerous green simply or
repeatedly bifurcate spines; spines 4-14 in. long. Leaves generally:
ovate, acute, mucronulate, obtuse or sometimes almost cordate, and as
long as broad, sometimes oblong or nearly lanceolate, 3—3 in. long, }—2 in.
broad, dark shining green above, paler below; secondary nerves about:
6-8 on each side, like the veins faintly prominent or quite obscure,
mainly below; petiole 1-3 lin. long. Cymes subsessile or shortly
peduncled, few- to many-flowered, glabrous or subglabrous; pedicels
slender, 1-2) lin. long. Calyx ?-1 lin. long; sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, ciliolate, glabrous or very finely puberulous, pale pink. Corolla
white, fragrant ; tube 3-4 lin. long, densely hairy at the throat ; lobes
overlapping to the left, ovate to lanceolate, 2-24 lin. long. Stamens
inserted between the middle and the mouth. Ovule 1 in each cell.
Berry scarlet, oblong, acute, 4-74 lin. long, 1-2-seeded, edible-—DC.
Prod. viii. 334; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 141, 258; Lewin in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 49, 50; Schinz in Mém. Herb. Boiss. x. 56.
C’. bispinosa, Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. 78. C. feroz, DC. lec. 335.
C’. acuminata, DC. 1l.c. 835; Wood, Natal Plants, t. 203. C. myrtoides,
Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 398; DC. le. 335. CC. erythrocarpa,
DC. le. C. hematocarpa, DC. 1.c. 336. C. oblongifolia, Hochst. in
Flora, 1844, 827. OC. bispinata (by error), Lewin in Virchow’s Arch.
Path. Anat. u. Physiol. Bd. 134, 246. Arduina bispinosa, Linn.
Mant. i. 52; Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 387; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 126; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 315. A. erythrocarpa,
Kekl. in South Afr. Journ. i. (1830), 372. A. hematocarpa, Eckl. 1.c.
A. ferox, E. Meyer, Comm. 191; K. Schum. in Engl. and Prantl, l.c.
A. acuminata, KE. Meyer, l.c.; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, le.
Jasminonerium acuminatum, J. bispinosum, J. erythrocarpum, J. ferox,
J. hematocarpum, and J. oblonyifolium, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. ii. 415.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Zomba and
Mount Mahon, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 8! and without
precise locality, Buchanan, 1466! Rhodesia; Buluwayo, Rand, 285!
Also in South Africa.
3. C. tetramera, Stapf A spinous much-branched shrub; young
branches puberulous when quite young, soon glabrous ; spines straight,
bifureate, }-2 in. long. Leaves ovate (sometimes very broad) or oblong,
acute or obtuse, rarely emarginate, mucronulate, rounded to subcordate
at the base, 13-2 in. long, {-14 in. broad, coriaceous, very rigid,
glabrous, glossy above; secondary nerves 12 or more on each side,
almost straight, like the reticulation very faint or slightly prominent,
especially above ; petiole 4-1 lin. long. Cymes few-flowered, contracted,
subsessile at_ the ends of the branches or in the spine-forks, sparingly
puberulous; bracts lanceolate, subulate-acute ; pedicels up to 1 lin. long.
Calyx 1-1} lin. long, eglandular, glabrous or finely puberulous ; sepals.
4, ovate, very acute or subulate-acuminate, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous
without ; tube purple, 8-9 lin. long, hairy within ; lobes 4, ovate-elliptic,
92 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE® (STAPF). [ Carissa.
-apiculate, 24 lin. long. Stamens inserted at the middle; anthers almost
1 lin. long. Stigma some distance below the anthers, cylindric-oblong ;
the whole pistil 3 lin. long. Ovules about 8 in each cell. Berry globose,
bluish-black, pruinose, sweet. Seeds 6-8, lenticular.—Arduina tetramera,
Sacleux in Morot, Journ de Bot. vii. 312. A. edulis, Warb. in Engl. Pf.
Ost-Afr. B. 226 (the Amboni plant), not of Sprengel. Carissa edulis,
Engl. Veg. Usambara, 27, not of Vahl.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar: in the littoral bush, Boivin; Kirk, 22! Hilde-
brandt, 1271! Duparquet, Sacleux, German East Africa: Usambara; Umba
Valley, Smith ! Amboni, in clearings, Holst, 24744 !
Imperfectly known species.
C. africana, DC. Prod. viii. 332. A shrub, 6 ft. high ; branches
-gnarled, spreading, with stout, simply or repeatedly bifurcate spines.
Leaves ovate, acute, 14-2 in. long, #-1 in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous;
secondary nerves few, indistinct, veins obscure; petiole 2 lin. long.
Cymes 3—5-flowered, terminal, short; pedicels almost glabrous. Sepals
narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate. Corolla 9 lin. long, white,
,pubescent without; lobes ovate, as long as the tube. Berry ovoid,
many-seeded, black, edible.—C. Carandas, Lour. F). Coch. 124, not of L.
Mozamb. Dist. Coast of East Africa; probably Mozambique, Loureiro.
De Candolle, l.c,. compares this to C. rylopicron, Thouars, which has few,
short, slender, s mple spines or is, when adult, almost unarmed.
6. ACOKANTHERA, G. Don; Benth. et Hook, f. Gen. PI. i. 696.
(Acocanthera, K. Schum.)
Calyx small, eglandular within ; sepals free or aimost so, imbricate,
-acute or acuminate, more or less scarious. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube
slightly widened near the mouth; lobes short, overlapping to the left.
Stamens enclosed in the widened part of the tube; anthers ovate
oblong, connective produced into a short minutely pilose point, shortly
2-lobed at and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Ovary entire, 2-celled ;
style filiform ; stigma short conic or cylindric, with a ring of papille at
the base and a minutely 2-lobed hairy apiculus; ovule 1 in each cell,
pendulous, attached to the centre of the septum. Fruit a globose or
ellipsoid berry. Seeds 2, or 1 (by abortion), peltate, sessile on the
septum, plano-convex; hilum oblong, rather large; endosperm bony;
cotyledons broadly ovate or subcordate; radicle superior.—Unarm
shrubs or small trees. Leaves thickly coriaceous ; axillary stipules 0;
-axillary glands 0 or very scanty and minute. Corymbs very shortly
peduncled or sessile, axillary, often reduced to clusters; flowers sub-
sessile, white or tinged with pink, usually sweet-scented.
Species 3 in tropical and South Africa, 1 extending to Arabia.
Leaves not more than twice as long as broad ;
corolla-tube 33-5 lin. long, very rarely longer.
Secondary nerves 4-5 (rarely 6) on each side,
often obscure and rather irregular . 1. A. Schimpert.
?
Acokanthera. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACEX (STAPF). 93:
Secondary nerves 6-10, more parallel and pro-
minent on both sides . : : . 2, A. venenata,
Leaves about 3 times as long as broad; corolla-tube
7-9 lin. long. : : ‘ ; ; . 8. .4. spectabilis.
1. A. Schimperi, Schweinf. in Boll. Soc. Afr. Italia, x. (1891), No.
xi-xii, 12 (excl. the Tuita plant). A glabrous shrub; young branches
more or less compressed. Leaves elliptic, subovate or obovate, acute or
obtuse, mucronulate, more or less acute at the base, 14-34 in. long,.
$-1} in. broad, often shining above; secondary nerves 4—5 (rarely 6)
on each side, obseure or more or less prominent on both sides, often
much curved or irregularly flexuous; reticulation obscure or more or
less distinct; petiole 14-2 lin. long, rarely longer. Corymbs or clusters
few- or many-flowered, glabrous, rarely scantily puberulous; bracts.
ovate, ciliate. Calyx ? lin. long; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute
or acuminate, ciliate. Corolla white or tinged with pink, usually fragrant;
tube 3}—5 lin. long, glabrous without ; lobes broad-ovate, acute or sub-
acuminate, 1}—2 lin.long. Anthers ? lin. long. Stigma conic, short, obtuse.
Berry globose or subellipsoid, 1 in. long, black. Seeds semi-globose or
semi-ellipsoid, 4-7 lin. long.—Schweinf. & Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
Beibl. 41, 46 ; Lewin, l.c. 47-51, and in Virchow’s Arch. Path. Anat. u.
Physiol. Bd. 134, 242; Holmes in Pharm. Journ. Soe. ser. 3, xxiii.
965; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 340; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn.
249, 251; Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 114, 129; Pax in Engl. Pil. Ost-Afr.
B, 516, 518, 519 (excl. the Taita plant); Fraser & Tillie in Proc. Roy.
Soc. lviii. 71; Schweinf. in Héhnel, Zum Rudolf-See u. Stephanie-See,
359. A. Ouabsio, Poisson in Assoc. Frang. L’Avanc. Sc. Congrés
d@Oran, 1888, 3; Cathélineau, L’Ouabio 9, and in Bull. gén. Thérap.
exili, (1889) 107; Schweinf. & Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. ].c., and in
Virchow’s Arch. lc. 241; LL. Planchon, l.c. 248-249, 252, fig. 22;
Vogtherr in Kihler, Mediz. PA. iii. text to t. 64. A. abyssinica,
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 124, fig. 49. B.C., 126,
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 315; Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B, 532 ;
Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. A, 44, 48, 105; Vogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. PA.
ili. t. 64. 4. sp., Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 696; Oliver in
Thomson, Masai Land, Append. 351; Fraser & Tillie in Proc. Roy.
Soc. lili. 153. Carissa abyssinicu, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. iv.
Ixiv. (name only). ©. Schimperi, A. DC. Prod. viii. 675; A. Rich.
Tent. Fi. Abyss. ii. 31, t. 68; Hanbury in Pharm. Journ. ser. 7,
xil. 271; Franch. ex Planch. l.c. 248, not of Balf. f. C. Mepte,
Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101. C. Ouabaio, Poiss. l.c.; Planch. lc. 248;
C. sp. aff. C. Schimperi, Franch. & Poiss. ex Arnaud. Compt. Rend.
evi. (1888), 1011. Arduina Ouabaio, Cornu ex Holmes, lc. 965.
Strychnos abyssinica, Hochst. ex DC. Prod. viii. 675 ; Flora, 1844, 101;
Strophanthus (?) sp., Gerrard in Pharm, Journ. ser. 3, xi. 834.
Nile Land. Eritrea: Acrur, 6200 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 712! 742!
Saganeiti, 7200 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 1825! Abyssinia: Tigre; near Adua,
Quartin-Dibion, Schimper, 254! 870! 1904! Samen; Aman Eski, Schimper /
Chelicut, Petit, and without precise locality, Salt! Schimper, 1074! Somaliland :
94 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEX (STAPF). | Acokanthera.
mountains south of Zeila,ex Burton. Ahl Mountains, 3000-3900 ft., Hildebrandt,
1431! Golis Range, Mrs. Lort-Philips/ Miss Edith Cole! mountains of the
Warsangeli and Mijurti districts, Révoil! Habrawal, Donaldsou-Smith! British
East Africa: Leikipia, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson! Héhnel; Ellamo, 4500 ft.,
Delamere! Mau, 7000 ft., Johnston! Ukamba, 6000 {t., Scott-Elliot, 6395! Nyika,
Gregory /
Also in South- western Arabia,
Var. B Deflersii, Stapf. Branches and leaves scabrid, at least when young, the
latter frequently larger than in the type. Corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long, pubescent or
glabrous.—A. Deflersii, Schweinf. ex Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 46, and
Lewin, l.c. 47-51, fig. E, and in Virchow’s Archiv. l.c. 233; L. Planchon, Prod.
Apocyn. 250; Vogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. Pfl. iii. text to t. 64.
Nile Land. Eritrea: Ginda ; on the Dongollo Hills, 3200 ft., Schweinfurth
& Riva, 2223! and near the Felakhit River, Schweinfurth § Riva, 2183! Somali-
land : Wagga Mountains, 6000 ft., Mrs. Lort-Philips! British East Africa:
between Lé and Tocha, Delamere !
Also in South-western Arabia. This is probably only an individual variation, such
as occurs frequently, for instance, in Carissa edulis.
A decoction of the root of 4. Schimperi is,as J. Vaughan (in Pharm, Journ, ser. 7,
xii, 271) and F. S. Arnott [see Burton, “ First Footsteps in Kast Africa” (ed, 1894)
i. 189, footnote] first pointed out, used by the Somalis for poisoning arrows. The
Wandorobbo, Wakamba, Wanyika and other tribes of British East Africa also use it
for the same purpose. The Somali name for the plant is Wabei or Waba, and
for the poison Wabayo or Ouabaio (Rochebrune & Arnaud, Rech. sur le Quabaio
in Mission Révoil Pays Comalis), the Masai name Murzu,
2. A. venenata, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 485. A shrub or a
gnarled tree, upto 14 ft. high, glabrous (except sometimes the inflores-
cence); young branches compressed or ancipitous, smooth, Leaves
mostly ovate or elliptic, sometimes oblong, rarely lanceolate, acute and
usually mucronulate, rarely obtuse, acute at the base, 14-4 in. long,
3_2 in. broad, pale or olive-green when dry, somewhat shining above
or on both sides; secondary nerves 6-10 on each side, often with
similar interposed tertiary nerves, oblique, parallel, prominent on both
sides ; veins distinct or obscure ; petiole stout, 1-2 lin. long. Clusters
glabrous or puberulous, sessile or subsessile, usually many-flowered ;
bracts ovate, brown or the upper pinkish. Calyx glabrous or puberu-
lous, 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute to subacuminate,
distinctly to very obscurely ciliolate. Corolla white to pink, sweet-
scented ; tube 3}-5 lin. Jong, puberulous or glabrous without, hairy
within ; lobes broad-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, somewhat over
1 lin. long. Anthers 4—? lin. long. Stigma short, obtuse, conic.
Berry globose, 1 in. in diam., purplish-black ; seeds semi-globose or semi-
ellipsoid, 4-6 lin. long.—Vatke ex Schweinf. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
Beibl. 41, 46 (footnote); Holmes in Pharm. Journ. ser. 3, xxiv. 42;
K. Schum. in Eng]. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii, 126 (not of Schweinf.
ex Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 46, and Lewin, I.c. 49-51, 47;
fig. A., nor L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 255, nor Vogtherr in Kohler,
Mediz. Pf. iii. t. 64). 4. Lamarkii, Don, l.c. A. Schimperi, Schweinf.
Acokanthera. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). 95
in. Boll. Soc. Afr. Italia, x. (1891) xi.-xii. 13 (the Taita plant); Pax
in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. B. 519 (che Taita plant). A. abyssinica,
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 48 (partly?) Cestrum venenutum,
Thunb. Prodr. 36; FI. Cap. ed. Schult. 193. C. oppositifolium, Lam.
(ll. ii. 5, t. 112, fig. 2; Poir. Suppl. ii. 182. Zomicophlea Thunbergii,
Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 24, and Thes. Cap. 10, t. 16.
T’. cestroides, A. DC. Prod. viii. 336. Siderorylum toxiferum, Thunb.
Trav. ed. 3,1. 156,
Nile Land. British East Africa: Taita; Ndara Mountain, 4000-4800 ft.,
Hildebrandt, 2452! Holmwood !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Kwa Mshuza, 4500 ft.,
Holst, 8968! British Central Africa: Rhodesia; by streams near Buluwayo,
Rand, 572!
Also in South Africa. The root is used by the natives of the Taita District for
poisoning arrows. Thunberg, l.c., also states that it is used for the same purpose by
the Hottentots and that the Cape Dutch call it “Gift boom.” Suaheli name
Mtchungu (Hildebrandt).
3. A. spectabilis, //ook.f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6359. A tall shrub or
small tree up to 15 ft. high, glabrous (except sometimes the inflores-
cences); young branches compressed, Leaves elliptic or oblong-
lanceolate, acute, rarely obtuse, generally mucronate, acute at the base,
23-5 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, very coriaceous, dark green, paler and
sometimes purplish beneath; secondary nerves usually 7-10 on each
Side, sometimes with similar tertiary nerves between them, faint
or like the reticulating veins slightly prominent on both sides;
petiole stout, 2-4 lin. long. Corymbs or clusters short, dense, many-
flowered, subsessile, glabrous or puberulous; bracts ovate, cadu-
cous, ciliolate. Calyx more or less pubescent, green or whitish, |} lin.
long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, ciliolate. Corolla white, tinged with
pink, fragrant; tube 7-9 lin. long, pubescent or almost glabrous without,
hairy within; lobes ovate to oblong, acute, 2-3 lin. long. Anthers
jlin. long. Stigma short, cylindric, obtusely apiculate. Berry ellipsoid,
1 lin. long or longer, purplish-black. Seeds 1-2, semi-ellipsoid, 5—9 lin.
long.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 126 ; Wood,
Natal Pl. 60, t. 74. A. venenata, Schweinf. ex Lewin in Engl. Jahrb.
xvii. Beibl. 41, 46, and Lewin, l.c, 47-51; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn.
255; Vogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. Pf. iii. text to t. 64; not of G. Don.
A.sp., Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 696. Carissa oblongifolia, Hochst.
in Flora, 1844, 827, and ex Walp. Rep. vi. 466. Toxicophlea
spectabilis, Thiselton-Dyer ex Gard. Chron. 1872, 363; Flor. Mag.
new ser. t. 20; Gard. Chron. xv.(1894) 209, fig. 23; Rev. Hort. 1879,
270 with plate ; 1888, 517 with fig. 7’. Thunberyii, Sonder in Linnea,
xxiii. 79; Gartenflora, 1878, t. 940; Rev. Hort. 1880, 370 with plate;
Ill. Hortic. xxxii. (1885) t. 553, not of Harvey.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland, Pechuel Loesche
{according to O. Kuntze in Jahrb. Berl. Bot. Gart. iv. 1886, 268) ?
Hitherto only known from Natal. I suspect that O. Kuntze’s determination
(made from a fruiting branch) is erroneous, and that the Hereroland plant is A.
96 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE (STAPF). | Acokanthera.
venenata. On the other hand, the A. venenata, mentioned in Lewin’s paper in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. No. 41, in L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 255, and by Vogtherr im
K6bler’s Mediz. Pfl. iii. text to t. 64, is certainly A. spectabilis. The specimen
which Lewin examined was obtained from La Mortola ; Schweinfurth’s description of
its leaves and remark (in Lewin, l.c.) that the flowers are one-third larger than those
of A. Schimperi or A. Deflersii, leave no doubt about it. A. spectahilis also con-
tains a deadly poison, ;
7. PICRALIMA, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1896, 1278.
Calyx middle-sized; sepals 5, free, imbricate, broad, obtuse, sub-
coriaceous, with numerous small adpressed glands at the base within.
Coroila salver-shaped ; tube cylindric, very slightly widened in the
upper third, fleshy, naked at the mouth ; lobes 5, broad-eiliptic, obtuse,
overlapping to the left. Stamens 5, enclosed in the widened part of
the corolla-tube ; filaments very short, filiform; anthers free from the
stigma, oblong-linear, subacute, shortly 2-lobed at the base; anther-
cells polliniferous and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Carpels 2,
coherent along the ventral sutures, oblong; style filiform; stigma
eylindric-oblong, smooth, minutely 2-apiculate; ovules multiseriate,
numerous. Fruit of 2 (or by abortion of 1) large obovoid-oblong
baccate divaricate mericarps, slightly flattened at the base where they
touch each other, but are free; pericarp thick, fleshy, fibrous, especially
in the inner part, milky. Seeds many, oblong, compressed, horizontal
and sessile on the fleshy placenta, more or less embedded in a scanty |
fleshy pulp; hilum basal, punctiform; testa smooth, coriaceous;
endosperm fleshy (hard when dry), ample. Embryo shorter than the
endosperm ; cotyledons obovate-oblong about as long as or longer than
the radicle——A glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, petioled, coriaceous ;
petioles hollowed at the base; axillary stipules 0; axillary glands
numerous, forming a fringe lining the cavity of the petiole, secreting
resin. Inflorescence terminal, of 1 shortly peduncled or 2-3 closely
approximate, few- to 12-flowered pseudo-umbels, much shortcr than
the uppermost leaves. Flowers white, middle-sized,
Species 1, endemic.
1. P. klaineana, Pierre, lc. 1279. A tree 30-80 ft. high;
branches stout, terete, dark brown or blackish. Leaves oblong, more or
less abruptly acuminate, rotundate or subacute at the base, 5$-7 in.
long, 2—3 in, broad, thinly coriaceous, glossy above ; secondary “nerves
about 20 on each side, sumetimes with similar parallel tertiary nerves
between them, rather spreading, straight to or beyond the middle, then
slightly curved, joined by a distinct marginal nerve close to the edge;
veins slightly prominent, anastomosing in more or less elongate areoles,
subparallel to the side-nerves ; petiole stout, canaliculate, up to 6 Jin.
long. Peduncle stout, $-1 in. long; bracts small or quite suppressed ;
pedicels 4-6 lin. long. Sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, 3 lin. long, shining
Picralima. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). 97
Corolla-tube long, glabrous outside, loosely pubescent within in the
middle third, 7—9 lin. long ; lobes about as long as the tube. Anthers
1} lin.long. Style (including the stigma) 4 lin.long. Berries 4—6 in.
long, 3-4 in. in diam. Seeds about 1 in. long.—kK. Schum. in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 284; Erginz. i. 60; Hook. Ic. Pl. tt.
2745-6. Tabernemontuna nitida, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1594, 22,
& in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Lot.
sér, 2, i. fase. i. 39; De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann.
Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 3, fase. ii. 153.
Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Robt! Cameroons: Ambas Bay, Jann, 710!
Lower Guinea. (Gaboon: Mount Bouét, near Libreville, Jolly, 27; Klaine,
299 !
South Central. Congo Free State: Lukolela, Dewevre, 847! Lokandu,
Dewévre, 1113!
There are 2 leaves in the herbarium at Brussels, accompanied by a coloured
drawing by Demense (105), named Huntevia sp., Hallier f., and referred to by him
as Hunteria in his Kautschuklianen, 190. These leaves were collected near the
Sankuru River in the Congo Free State, and differ only slightly in their dimensions
from those of Klaine’s specimens. The drawing represents a green pear-shuped
fruit } natural size. The measures calculated from it are :—10% in. long and 63 in.
wide. The pericarp is shown thick and the seeds somewhat asymmetrically oblong-
elliptic in outline, 14 lin. long, 64 lin. wide. Demeuse’s plant is, no doubt, a
Picralima, and possibly identical with P. klaineana.
8. PLEIOCARPA, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. ii.
699.
Calyx small, eglandular; sepals 5, almost or quite free, sub-
membranous except at the herbaceous base, obtuse or acute. Corolla
silver-shaped; tube cylindric, slightly widened below the mouth ;
lobes 5, overlapping to the left. Stamens enclosed in the widened part
of the corolla-tube; anthers free from the stigma, ovate to oblong-
lanceolate, acute; cells obtuse at and dehiscing to the base. Dise 0.
Carpels 2-5, distinct ; style filiform ; stigma at the level of the anthers,
oblong-ellipsoid, papillose, not or very obscurely apiculate; ovules 1—4
in each cell. Mericarps baccate, fleshy, coriaceous when dry, spreading,
often rugose, 1- or 2- (rarely 3-) seeded. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, slightly
laterally compressed ; testa membranous; endosperm almost horny ;
cotyledons very thin, foliaceous, oblong; radicle thickened at the base,
as long as or slightly longer than the cotyledons.—Glabrous shrubs or
small trees. Leaves opposite or ternate, coriaceous; lateral nerves
rather straight and parallel, usually numerous, connected by a more or
less conspicuous marginal nerve; axillary stipules 0; axillary glands
very obscure or 0, Flowers in sessile axillary and often opposite (rarely
pseudo-terminal) clusters, very rarely in compact panicles or pseudo-
umbels,
Species 9, besides several imperfectly known, endemic.
Corolla 3-2 in, long. Carpels 3-5, 1—-4-ovuled,
Leaves oblong or elliptic, 13-32 in. broad.
VOL. Iy, H
98 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). | Pleiocarpa.
Corolla 2 in, long; lobes as long as the tube;
berries long-rostrate, 13 in long . : a le eR. osinaua.
Corolla 9-10 lin. long ; lobes short; berries ovoid-
globose, apiculate, 4 lin. long. : . 2. P. mutica.
Leaves lanceolate, 1-1} in. broad . z : . 3. P. salicifolia.
Corolla }—3 in. long; carpels 2, 2-ovuled.
Corolla 5-9 lin. long, lobes at least 3 as long as the
tube.
Flowers shortly (1 lin.) pedicelled in compact
unbels or panicles : : :
Flowers sessile in compact clusters. : :
Corolla under 5 lin. long, lobes much I¢s3 than 3 as
long as the tube.
Leaves oblong, 13-23 in. broad, papery.
Leaves obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 13-1? in.
broad ; corolla-tube 33 lin. long : . 6. P. Welwitschit.
Leaves abruptly and acutely acuminate or
acutely subacuminate, 13-2} in. broad;
corolla-tube 2 lin. long : : :
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, about 14 in.
broad, coriaceous to chartaceous.
Corolla-tube 2-24 lin. long. : . 8. P. flavescens.
Corolla-tube 38-33 lin. long. : : . 9. P. tubscina.
. PB. pycnantha.
. P. bicarpellata.
of
. P. micrantha.
“I
1. P. rostrata, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1182. A shrub, 8-12
ft. high; young branches dark brown; lenticels few, rather large.
Leaves oblong to elliptic, very shortly acuminate, acute at the base, 6-8
in, long, 3-34 in. broad, coriaceous, glossy above ; secondary nerves 7-9
on each side, distant, oblique; petioles 3 lin. long. Flowers few in each
cluster. Calyx 1 lin. long; sepals acute or subobtuse. Corolla white;
tube 9-11 lin. long; lobes oblong, rather broad, obtuse, as long as the
tube or somewhat shorter. Carpels 3, 4-ovuled. Berries oblong-ovoid,
rostrate, 14 in. long (including the beak), rather fleshy and coarsely
rugose.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. il. 135, fig. 52,
E. Hunteria rostrata, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 194.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon River, Wann, 720! 2189!
A specimen collected near Bipinde, in the Cameroons, by Zenker (11818 !) and
enumerated by Hallier, le., 194, under Hunteria pleiocarpa, agrees (so far as the
material goes) exactly with Mann’s specimens of P. rostrata, except that the young
fruits do not show any indication of a beak. The ternate mericarps are quite
obtuse, but contain like those of P. rostrata 4 ovules in 2 collateral rows, I have
not seen flowers of this plant, which is (according to Zenker) a small shrub, about
3 ft. high, with white flowers.
2. P. mutica, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1181, A shrub, 5 ft.
high; branches dark brown; lenticels few, rather large. Leaves
elliptic or oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen linear, obtuse, up to 7
lin. long), acute or subacute at the base, 3-6 in. long, 14-2} in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, glossy above; secondary nerves 11-14 on each side;
petiole 3 lin. long. Flowers in axillary clusters of 10-20, often from
Pleiozaurpa. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF), 99
the axils of fallen leaves. Calyx 3-1 lin. long; sepals broad, ovate,
obtuse. Corolla-tube 6-8} lin. long; lobes ovate to oblong, obtuse, 3—
3% lin. long. Carpels 5, l-ovuled. Berries ovoid-globose, obtuse or
apiculate, rugose, 4 lin. long, 1-seeded.—K. Schum. in dngl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 135, fig. 52, C-D. Hunteria pleiocarpa, Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
3. Beih. 193 partly.
Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria: Old Calabar River, Munn, 2277!
Thomson, 38! Robb! Adiabo, Holland, 106! Cross River, Johnston! Cameroons :
Rio del Rey, Johnston! WLolodorf, Staudt, 322!
Hallier f., Le., also quotes a fruiting specimen collected by Dinklage (1432) near
Batanga, under this species.
3. P. salicifolia, Stapf. Young branches slender, brown, soon
grey. Leaves lanceolate, gradually tapering to a slender acumen, sub-
acuminate at the base, 4—5 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, coriaceous, rather
dull on both sides; secondary nerves 16-18 on each side, like the
anastomosing veins distinctly raised above; petioles 2-3 lin. long.
Flowers few in each cluster. Calyx } lin. long; sepals ovate, sub-
obtuse. Corolla-tube 6-7 lin. long; lobes oblong, subobtuse, 35 lin.
long. Carpels 3-4, 2-ovuled.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Barter!
This specimen was doubtfully referred to P. Licarpellata, Stapf in Kew Bulletin,
1894, 21.
+. P. pyenantha, Stapf. A shrub; branches slender, terete,
drying black. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse or shortly
and obtusely acuminate, acute at the base, 2-34 in. long, 1-14 in.
broad, chartaceous, shining above ; secondary nerves about 15 on each
side, quite obscure below, very slightly raised above, with similar
tertiary nerves between them, much spreading, straight; veins quite
obscure below, faintly raised above; petiole 3-5 lin. long. Flowers
pedicelled in many- (about 20-) flowered much contracted axillary
umbels or panicles, often from the axils of fallen leaves; pedicels up to
1 lin. Jong. Calyx 1 lin. long; sepals ovate-oblong, subacute or
obtuse. Corolla-tube up to 5 lin. long; lobes oblong, obtuse, up to 2}
lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled.—Hunteria pycnantha, Kk. Schum. in
Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 222; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg
Wissensch, Anstalt. xvii. (1899) 3. Beih. 191 partly.
Wile Land. Uganda: Sesse Islands, in Lake Victoria, Stuhlmann, 1216!
_ Schumann describes (l.c.) the inflorescence in the Latin diagnosis as terminal ur
axillary, in the German text, however, as axillary and frequently springing from the
lower denuded part of the branches. When I saw the specimen in the Berlin herbarium,
Tomitted to make a special note concerning this point, but put the specimen down as
belonging to Pleiocarpa, which implies that it has exclusively or predominantly
axillary inflorescences.
». P. bicarpellata, Stapf in New Bulletin, 1894, 21. A shrub
or small tree, 3-24 ft. high, rarely climbing ; branches slender, quad-
rangular when young, pale brown or greyish; lenticels very sparse,
large. Leaves narrowly oblong or sublanceolate to ovate-oblong or
100 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEZ (STAPF). [ Plecocarpa.
subelliptic, obtusely acuminate (acumen linear, obtuse, up to 9 lin. long),
acute or acuminate at the base, 3-6 in. long, 1—2 in. broad, chartaceous,
glossy above; secondary nerves about 20 on each side, straight, sub-
horizontal, very fine, slightly raised on both sides, with very similar
tertiary nerves between them, which are (like the delicate veins) quite
obscure below and faintly raised above ; petioles 2-4 lin.long. Flowers
few to many in axillary clusters, often from the axils of fallen leaves,
rarely from those of the uppermost pair and then apparently terminal.
Calyx ? lin. long ; sepals ovate, acute or subacuminate. Corolla white,
fragrant ; tube 34—7 (usually 4-5) lin. long; lobes more or less oblong,
obtuse, 24-35 lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled. Berries fig-shaped, 8-9
lin. long, 5—6 lin. in diam.—K Schumann in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 135. Hunteria ambiens, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii.
223; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 191.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 4000 ft., Mann, 1213!
Barombi, 1300 ft., Preuss, 44! Johann Albrechts Héhe, 1300-1400 ft., Staudt,
573! 683! 794! Bipinde, 360 ft., Zenker, 1658! 1660! 1728! Bijoka, 500 ft.,
Zenker! Lolodort, 1500 ft., Staudt, 93! Yaunde, Zenker, 501! 753! Zenker §
Staudt, 611! Efulen, Bates, 368! Ra
6. P. Welwitschii, Stapf ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl, Welw. i. 665.
A tree, 10-18 ft. high; branches spreading, flexuous. Leaves mostly
ternate, rarely opposite, oblong, obtuse or obscurely acuminate, subacute
or obtuse at the base, 4—6 in. long, 1-24 in. broad, coriaceous, glossy
above, dull green beneath, almost glaucous; secondary nerves subhori-
zontal, about 10-15 on each side, very faint; veins obscure; petioles
6 lin. long. Flowers in small axillary clusters, sessile. Calyx } lin.
long ; sepals broadly ovate, very obtuse. Corolla-tube white, 34 lin. long,
slightly widened above the middle ; lobes yellow, spreading, roundish-
ovate, } lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled. Berries obovoid or pear-shaped,
5-6 lin. long.—Hunteria pycnantha, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii, (1899), 3. Beih. 191 partly,
not of K. Schum.
dake Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; by the Cuango stream, Welwitsch,
ie
South Central. Angola: Lunda; Luachim River, Buchner, 621!
Welwitsch states (in MS.) that this tree is extremely rich in a milky juice which
dries to an elastic rubber.
A plant collected in Lunda, on the Lulua River, by Pogge (1630 !) was referred
by Hallier f., l.c., to Hunteria pyenantha, which it certainly is not, but the specimen
is too defective for determination.
7. P. micrantha, Stapf. A small tree, 20 ft. high; young
branches slender, terete; old bark grey. Leaves opposite or ternate,
oblong, abruptly and shortly acuminate (acumen subacute), acute at
the base, 4—6 in. long, 14—24 in. broad, chartaceous, dull green, slightly
shining above ; secondary nerves about 20 on each side, very fine, sub-
horizontal, straight, faintly raised on both sides, but more distinctly
Pletocarpa. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). 101
above, alternating with very similar tertiary nerves, which are (like the
delicate veins) inconspicuous below and slightly raised above ; petiole
4—5 lin. long. Flowers sessile in compact axillary clusters, often from
the axils of fallen leaves. Calyx 4 lin. long; sepals ovate, acute or
subacute. Corolla white ; tube 2 lin. long; lobes shortly ovate, obtuse,
? lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled.
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: at the base of the Aburi Hills, Johnson, 623!
8. P. flavescens, Stapf. A shrub or small tree; young branches
terete ; bark greyish-brown, breaking up longitudinally. Leaves oppo-
site, rarely ternate, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, shortly and gradually
acuminate or subobtuse, acute at the base, 3—5 in. long, 1-1} in. broad,
chartaceous or almost coriaceous, shining above, drying dark-brown ;
Secondary nerves 15-20 on each side, with almost indistinguishable
tertiary nerves between them, both of which (as well as the veins) are
very faintly raised above and rather obscure below; petiole 4—6 lin.
long. Flowers sessile, in compact sessile or very shortly peduncled
axillary clusters, often from the axils of fallen leaves. Calyx } lin.
long; sepals broad-ovate, acute to subobtuse. Corolla whitish to
sulphur-yellow; tube 3 lin. long ; lobes short-ovate, obtuse, ? lin. long.
Carpels 2, 2-ovuled.
deb aad Guinea. Gold Coast: Acropong, Johnson, 803! Aburi Hills, Johnson,
Very near P, micrantha, but the leaves are narrower, not abruptly acuminate
and more coriaceous, and the flowers slightly larger.
J. P. tubicina, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 304. A shrub;
branches greyish-brown ; bark breaking up longitudinally. Leaves
ternate, oblong, shortly and more or less obtusely acuminate, acute at
the base, 34-54 in. long, 1 to nearly 2 in. broad, coriaceous, glossy
above ; secondary nerves 12-20 on each side, very faint below, more
distinct above, alternating with and often indistinguishable from the
tertiary nerves; veins quite obscure below, slightly raised above ;
petiole 6-8 lin. long. Flowers sessile, 12—20 in compact axillary clusters,
often from the axils of former leaves. Calyx ? lin. long; sepals
ovate or broad-oblong, obtuse. Corolla white; tube slender, 3-3} lin.
long ; lobes oblong, obtuse, up to } lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled.—
Stapf ex De Wild. & Durand. Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo,
Bot. sér. 2, i. fase. 1, 37; fase. 2, 40. De Wild. & Durand, Reliq.
ewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 3, fase. ii, 150, Hunterta
Pycnantha, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 191 partly, not of K. Schum.
_ South Central. Congo Free State: Basoko, Demeuse ; Katanga ; Lukofu,
Verdick, 594! Kasongo, Dewevre, 945!
i x . = ; 2
The Ikwangoulas, according to Dewévre, use the leaves for poisoning animals.
102 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE (STAPF). | Pleiocarpa.
Imperfectly known species.
10. P. breviloba, Stapf. Young branches slender, subangular;
lenticels scanty, minute. Leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, acumi-
nate (acumen sublinear, subobtuse), gradually narrowed into the petiole,
43-6 in, long, 13-2 in. broad, chartaceous-membranous, shining on
both sides; secondary nerves mixed with tertiary nerves, which (like the
reticulating veins) are slightly raised, especially above ; petiole 3—5 lin.
long. Flowers subsessile, in sessile compact axillary clusters. Calyx
scarcely } lin. long; sepals ovate, acute. Corolla-tube 24-3 lin. long;
lobes ovate, obtuse, hardly 1 lin. long. Carpels 2.—Hunteria breviloba,
Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt.
xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 189, and in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk.-
Exped. 306.
Lower Guinea. French Congo: in forests near the River Sanga, between
Woso and Benga, Schlechter, 12706,
This is, no doubt, a true Pleiocarpa, very near P. Welwitschii and 1 . tubicina,
if it is not identical with one of them.
11. P. camerunensis, Stapf A shrub 3-9 ft. high; young
branches slender, angular, green; the older rough with lenticels.
Leaves elliptic- to lanceolate-oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen
obtuse, up to 7 lin. long), 34-6 in. long, 14-2} in. broad, chartaceous
or papery, dull or pale green; midrib channelled, with a more or less
distinct central longitudinal ridge ; secondary nerves obliquely spreading,
about 10 on each side, faintly raised above and below; veins obscure ;
petiole 3-4 lin. long. Flowers in few- to many-flowered axillary or
pseudoterminal sessile compact clusters. Calyx } to almost 1 hn.
long; sepals ovate-triangular, acute, herbaceous, with an entire oF
lobed scale-like gland at the base within. Corolla white; tube 14 in.
long, with a callous ring at the mouth; lobes oblong, obtuse, as long as
the tube. Carpels 2; ovules 4 in each cell.— Hunteria camerunensis,
Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt.
xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 187.
Lower Guinea. Cameroons; Bipinde, by streamlets, in shady forest, 300-
350 ft., Zenker, 1211! 1620! 2311!
I have little doubt that this isa Pleiocarpa ; but asthe material at my disposal is
very scanty, I am unable to work out its affinity. Hiallier states that there 9ré
8 ovules in 4 rows in each carpel; 1 have not been able to find more than 4 in each
carpel.
12. P. microcarpa, Stapf. Branches pale brown, with warty
lenticels. Leaves ternate, oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen linear,
obtuse, up to 5 lin. long), acuminate at the base, 44-7 in. long, 13-2}
in. broad, almost glaucous below; secondary nerves subhorizontal, 16-
20 on each side, raised on both sides; veins delicate, surrounding
horizontal areoles; petioles 4-6 in. Jeng. Flowers in sessile axillary
Pleiocarpa. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACEH (STAPF). 103
clusters. Calyx } lin. long; sepals broad, ovate, obtuse. Corolla
unknown. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled. Berries ellipsoid or obovoid, minutely
apiculate, 3-4 lin. long (immature).—Hunteria pycnantha, Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
3. Beih. 191 partly, not of K. Schum.
South Central, Congo Free State : Niamniam, Mbrwole River, Sehweinfurth,
3073 !
9. POLYADOA, Stapf.
Calyx very small; sepals 5, almost free, firm, coriaceous, obtusely
keeled, acute or obtuse, with scale- or finger-shaped glands within, more
or less coated with resin. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube subcylindric, more
or less widened below the naked mouth ; lobes 5, oblong, overlapping to
the left, twisted in bud. Anthers enclosed in the widened part of the
tube, ovate to lanceolate; cells obtuse at and dehiscent to the base.
Disc. 0. Carpels 2, free; style filiform; stigma at the level of the
anthers or almost so, oblong-ellipsoid, viscid, subpapillose all over except
at the smooth bifid apex ; ovules 10-24 in 3-6 rows. Fruit unknown.—
Small glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous,
with distant or close, spreading nerves; axillary stipules 0; axillary
glands obscure or 0. Flowers in terminal or pseudo-axillary, subsessile
or shortly peduncled, clusters or congested corymbs. ‘“ Apocynacea,
quoad genus dubia,” Stapf in Journ, Linn. Soc. xxx. 90.
Species 2, endemic.
Leaves 5-S in. long, 2-3 in. broad ; middle secondary
nerves 5-9 lin. apart. : : : . 1. P. umbellata.
Leaves 3-5 in. long, 13-2 in. broad; middle
secondary nerves 2—3 lin. apart : : 2. eliotn,
1. P. umbellata, Stapf. A small tree 24-30 ft. high, with very
hard wood; young branches much compressed, drying blackish- or
reddish-brown, older ones with a few warty lenticels. Leaves elliptic
to broad-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate or subacuminate,
acute at the base, 4-9 in. long, 14-34 in. broad, chartaceous, drying
brown; midrib channelled above, much raised beneath ; secondary
nerves about 10-14 on each side, rather oblique, straight to beyond the
middle, slightly raised on both sides but principally below; veins
mconspicuous ; petiole 4-3 in. long. Flowers many in subsessile,
rarely distinctly peduncled, terminal or pseudo-terminal clusters, or
congested umbelliform inflorescences ; pedicels up to 1} lin. long.
Ualyx very resinous ; sepals rotundate-ovate, obtuse, with numerous
cylindric glands within, }-? lin. long. Corolla yellowish-white ;
tube slender, 3-34 lin. long, sparsely pubescent below the stamens ;
lobes flexuous, linear-oblong, as long as_ or slightly lcnger than
the tube. Anthers ovate-oblong, subacute, } lin. long. Ovules about
6-seriate, 3-4 in each row.—Carpodinus umbellata, K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xxiii. 221; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38. Hunteria
104 LXXXIV, APOCYNACEE (STAPF). | Polyadoa.
umbellata, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 190.
Upper Guinea. Lagos: Ibadan Forest, Punch, 138! Cameroons: Mbanga
Mountain, near Lolodorf, 2300 ft., Staudt, 130! Bipinde, in forest, 500 ft.,
Zenker, 1707! 1729!
2. P. Elliotii, Stapf. A shrub; branches slender, laterally
compressed when young, drying blackish; lenticels very scanty, warty.
Leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse to obtusely sub-
acuminate, acute at the base, 3-5 in, long, 14-2 in. broad, subcoriaceous ;
midrib channelled above, prominent beneath; secondary nerves up to
20 on each side, with very similar parallel tertiary nerves between
them, obliquely spreading, straight, fine, slightly raised on both sides;
reticulation distinct, though faint, above, obscure beneath; petiole 4-9
lin. long. Corymbs 5- to many-flowered, subsessile or distinctly
peduncled, compact, terminal ; peduncle up to 5 lin. long; pedicels very
short. Calyx slightly over } lin. long, very resinous ; sepals rotundate-
ovate, obtuse, with cylindric glands within. Corolla-tube 24-35
lin. long, pubescent within below the stamens; lobes oblong, obtuse,
as long as or slightly longer or shorter than the tube. Anthers ovate-
oblong, subobtuse, 2 lin. long. Ovules 10-12 in about 3 rows.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Makunde, Scott-Elliot, 5690! and without
precise lucality, Wulferth (?)!
10. HUNTERIA, Roxb.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 698.
Calyx small; sepals almost free, acute, firm, obtusely keeled, with
alpressed entire or lobed scale-like glands near the base within.
Corolla salver-shaped; tube slightly widened above the middle, mouth
constricted by a callous ring, naked; lobes overlapping to the left.
Stamens inserted in the widened part of the tube; anthers free from
the stigma, oblong-lanceolate ; cells obtuse at and dehiscing to the base.
Disc 0. Carpels 2, free or slightly connate at the base; style filiform ;
stigma at the level of the anthers, oblong-ellipsoid, subpapillose, with a
distinct bifid apiculus; ovules collateral, 2 in each cell. Mericarps
baccate, divaricate, or one frequently abortive, ellipsoid or globose,
stipitate, apiculate or obtuse. Seeds 1 or 2 (and then plano-convex), sem!
ellipsoid ; testa rather thick, almost fleshy; endosperm almost horny;
cotyledons very thin, foliaceous, as long as the slender radicle.—Glabrous
trees. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, glossy, with numerous faint sub-
parallel nerves ; axillary stipules 0; axillary glands very minute or 0;
axillary and terminal buds usually more or less coated with resin.
Corymbs terminal or pseudo-axillary.
A small genus of 4 species, 1 in East Africa, 3 in Ceylon, South India, and
the Malayan region.
1. H. africana, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 817. Young
branches brown, soon grey. Leaves oblong or elliptic, obtuse, sometimes
indistinctly acuminate, acute at the base, 3-4} in. long, 14-1 in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, very glossy above, dull beneath; lateral nerves about
Hunteria.] LXXXIV. APOCYNACES (STAPF). 105
15 on each side. Peduncle up to 1 in. long; pedicels 1-2 lin. long.
Sepals acute, 1 lin. long. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long; lobes 24-3 lin. long.
Berries (immature) ovoid or globose, stipitate, obtuse or apiculate, 4—5
lin. long.
Nile Land. British East Africa: by the River Sabaki, near Malindi, Kirk !
Mozamb.Dist. Gernan East Africa : Usambara; Pangani, Stuklmann, 77!
Usaramo ; Bagamoyo, Stuhlmann, 206! Dar es Salaam, Kirk !
11. DIPLORHYNCHUS, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, ii. 22.
Calyx very small, eglandular ; sepals almost free, ovate, subacute,
more or less membranous or subherbaceous, not resinous. Corolla
salver-shaped ; tube cylindric, widened below and constricted at the
mouth ; lobes oblong, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted in the
widened part of the tube; anthers free from the stigma, ovate, acute ;
cells obtuse at and dehiscing tothe base. Disc 0. Carpels 2, free;
style filiform ; stigma at the level of the anthers, depressed-capitate,
subpapillose, with a bifid smooth apiculus; ovules 2-4 in each cell,
superposed. Mericarps follicular, 2, spreading, semi-obovate, stipitate,
woody or coriaceous, warty, dehiscent. Seeds 2-4, strongly compressed,
winged, the wing of the basal seed terminal, that of the topmost seed
basal; endosperm 0; cotyledons reniform, almost twice as broad as long ;
radicle short, lateral.__Trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite,
‘coriaceous with rather numerous parallel nerves, minutely reticulate ;
axillary stipules 0; axillary glands quite obscure or 0. Flowers small,
white, fragrant, in terminal often lax panicles.
_ About 5 species, endemic, all of them very closely allied and difficult to dis-
-criminate.
Young branches, leaves and inflorescences perfectly glabrous.
Leaves broad-elliptic, generally rounded or truncate
at the base; corolla-tube 1} lin. long, lobes
slightly longer : : : . 1. D, Welwitschit.
Leaves oblong, acute at the base ; corolla-tube 1 lin.
long, lobes almost twice as long : . 2. D. angolensis.
Young branches, leaves, and inflorescences, or at least the latter, distinctly
pubescent,
Lateral nerves 8-12 on each side.
Leaves elliptic, distinctly cuneate, glabrous;
petiole 10-12 lin. long : : : . 3. D. pstlopus.
Leaves ovate or elliptic, rounded or shortly acute
at the base, softly pubescent beneath, rarely :
subglabrous; petiole 4—8 lin. long. . . 4. D. mossambicensis,
Lateral nerves 14-16 on each side : : . 5. D, angustifolia.
1. D. Welwitschii, Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Bot. xi. 85. A shrub
8 to 15 ft. high. Branches sarmentose, glabrous, terete. more or less
‘dotted with minute lenticels. Leaves broadly elliptic, mostly shortly and
obtusely acuminate, or sometimes rounded or retuse at the apex, rounded
aR truncate, rarely subacute at the base, 2-34 in. long, 1}-2 in. broad,
coriaceous, perfectly glabrous, dark olive-brown when dry; nerves
106 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE# (STAPF). [ Diplorhynchus.
9-12 on each side; petioles about 4 lin. long. Panicle slender, loose,
perfectly glabrous, 4-4} in. long; pedicels scarcely 1 lin. long. Calyx
glabrous, 4 lin. long; sepals broadly ovate. Corolla whitish glabrous
without ; tube cylindric, 14 lin. long; lobes slightly longer. Follicles
14 in. long.—D. Poggei, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 142, fig. 54, O; De Wild. in Rév. Cult. Colon. x. (1902) 142.
D. angolensis, Britten in Journ. Bot. 1895, 76 partly; Hiern in Cat.
Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 667 partly, De Wild. l.c. 141 partly, not of Biittner.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Cazengo; in dense thickets on the banks of the
River Luinha, Welwitsch, 5968! Melange, Marques, 16!
South Central. Congo Free State: Lomami River, Pogge, 1002!
2. D. angolensis, Bittner in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi-
85. A rambling shrub; branches pendulous, glabrous, scantily dotted
with minute whitish lenticels. Leaves oblong to elliptic, obtuse or
obtusely subacuminate, acute at the base, 2-3 in. long, 1-14 in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, reddish-brown when dry; nerves 7-9 on each side ;
petioles 3-6 lin. long, rarely less. Panicle very many-flowered, per-
fectly glabrous, 2-3 in. long; flowers crowded on the branchlets;
pedicels scarcely 1 lin.long. Calyx glabrous, } lin. long; sepals broadly
ovate. Corolla glabrous without, slightly hairy on the lobes within;
tube cylindric below, obovoid above the middle, | lin. long; lobes almost
twice as long.—K. Schum. in Eng]. & Prantl, Ptlanzenfam. iv. ii. 142.
Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 189; not of Hiern in Cat. Afr.
Pl. Welw. i. 667; De Wild. in Rév. Cult. Colon. x. (1902) 140-142
partly.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 193! Benguela, Siedler! by
the River Kuango, Biittner, 404.
De Wildeman, l.c., indicates D. angolensis as collected by Butaye (2241) near
Kisantu, Lower Congo; but the description given by him of this plant does not:
quite agree. It is stated to yield a kind of varnish.
3. D. psilopus, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 23, t. 5-
A small tree or climbing or rambling shrub; branches sarmentose,
more or less puberulous when young, soon glabrescent, scantily dotted
with obscure lenticels. Leaves elliptic-cuneate, obtuse or obtusely
subacuminate, cuneate at the base, 2-3 in. long, 1-12 in. broad, cori-
aceous, glabrous or minutely papillose on the midrib near the base on
both sides, subglaucous above, pale brown beneath ; nerves 8-9 on each
side; petioles 10-12 lin. long. Panicle contracted, short, pubescent,
1-2 in. long; pedicels upto I lin. long. Calyx pubescent ; sepals ovate.
Corolla white, fragrant, glabrous without, slightly hairy on the lobes
within ; tube slightly constricted below the middle, obovoid above, a little
over 1 lin. long; lobes slightly longer. Follicles half-ovoid, scarcely }
in. long, spread out when quite ripe into a nearly flat disc ; seeds broadly
winged.—Ficalho, Pl, Uteis Afr. Port. 221; K. Schum. in Engl. &
Diplorhynchus. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACE# (STAPF). 107
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv, ii. 142, fig. 54 M-N; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl.
Welw. i. 666.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; hills near Nene, Welwitsch, 5982! Antunes,
292!
A fruit collected at Tundo Quilombo in Pungo Andongo, by Welwitsch (fruit
729), probably belongs to D. psilopus. Welwitsch also states in a note that
this species occursin Pungo Andongo as well as in Cazengo. Ficalho records it from
the River Ninda, Central Angola, where Serpa Pinto collected it.
4. D. mossambicensis, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1355. A
tree; branches minutely greyish tomentose when young, at length
glabrescent, pale or greyish-brown; lenticels few, obscure. Leaves
ovate, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, rounded or shortly acute at the base,
obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 24-4 in. long, 14-24 in. broad, papery,
softly pubescent on both sides when young, ultimately glabrescent,
rarely almost glabrous from the beginning; nerves 8-12 on each side;
petioles 4-8 lin, long. Panicles mostly contracted, sometimes elongate
and loose, pubescent or tomentose, 1-4 in. long ; pedicels very short, up
to 2} lin. long. Calyx pubescent, 4 lin. long; sepals short, broadly ovate.
Corolla glabrous; tube slightly constricted below the middle, obovoid
above, up to 1} lin. long; lobes as long as or slightly longer than the
tube. Follicles obtuse or shortly beaked, 2 in. long.—K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 142; and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B.
351, C. 316; De Wild. in Rév. Cult. Colon. x. (1902), 139, 142.
Lower Guinea. South Angola: by the Chitanda River, between Gaudkopje
and Katzele, 4000 ft., Baum, 178!
South Central. Congo Free State: Katanga; Lukofu, Verdick !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Ukome, on Lake Victoria, Stuhlmann,
880! Pori, near Gonda, Bohm, 160A! Steppes by the Rufidji River, 800 ft.,
Goetze, 87! Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique; Cape Caboceira, Carvalho!
Lower Shire River ; Moramballa Mountain, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasa-
land ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 12! Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte!
and without precise locality, Buchanan, 9! 391! south coast of Tanganyika, Scott-
Elliot, 8263! Boruma, on the Zambesi, Menyharth, B!
Baum’s specimens from the Chitanda River have slightly larger calyces with
oblong-ovate lobes.
5. D. angustifolia, Stupf. A small tree ; branches very slender,
pubescent when quite young; lenticels very obscure. Leaves lanceolate
or lanceolate-oblong, acute at the base, shortly acuminate (acumen nar-
row and obtuse), rarely broad-oblong and rounded at the base, 23-3 in.
long, 1-1} in. broad, thinly coriaceous, glabrous or minutely papillose on
the midrib near the base, reddish-brown, paler beneath when dry ;
nerves 14-16 on each side; petioles 3—5 lin. long. Panicle loose,
mostly small and few-flowered, pubescent, }-2 in. long; pedicels up
tol lin. long. Calyx puberulous near the base, } lin. long ; lobes broad-
ovate. Corolla glabrous without, with a line of hairs on the lobes
108 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE® (STAPF). { Diplorhynchus.
within ; tube constricted near the base, obovoid above, 1 lin. long ; lobes
slightly longer. :
Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Ugalla; Kabombue, Bohm, 29a!
Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; opposite Sena, Kirk /
12. RAUWOLFIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 697.
Calyx small, eglandular within, more or less herbaceous , sepals »,
almost free and imbricate or anited into a flat 5-toothed cup. Corolla
salver-shaped ; tube slightly widened below the mouth, very rarely just
below the middle (2. Volkensiz) ; mouth constricted, without appendages,
usually villous; lobes 5, twisted and overlapping to the left. Stamens
in the widened part of the tube; filaments short; anthers free from
the stigma, ovate, usually rather obtuse, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed
at the base; anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscing to the base. Disc
annular or cup-shaped, entire or slightly lobed. Carpels 2, free or
more or less coherent; style filiform or columnar; stigma capitate,
shortly cylindric, minutely papillose and slightly viscous, with a_ basal
deflected rim or membrane and a usually very short slightly bilobed
apiculus rising from a shallow depression; ovules 2 in each cell,
collateral. Mericarps 2 (or often 1 by abortion), free or more or less
united, drupaceous; pyrenes crustaceous, 1—-2-seeded, more or less com-
pressed. Seeds ovoid; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons flat; radicle straight
‘ov _recurved.—Mostly glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or
verticillate, those of a whorl often very unequal; axillary stipules 0;
axillary glands numerous, in a dense fringe or in clusters, frequently
secreting resin. Inflorescences terminal or pseudo-axillary, peduncled,
few- or many-flowered, often repeatedly 2—3-chotomous, compound,
umbelliform or corymbose, rarely racemiform ; flowers small.
Species about 50 in the tropics of both hemispheres and in eastern South Africa.
*Corolla-tube 13-3} lin, long ; mouth densely villous; lobes 3-4 the length of the
tube; stamens near the mouth.
tYoung branches stout; leaf whorls crowded; leaves firmly membranous or char-
taceous, acute or acuminate, not caudate; flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled,
dense cymes on the ends of the secondary or tertiary rays of usually large umbels;
fruit a globose or obcordate-globose twin drupe, or more usually (by abortion) @
simple often asymmetric drupe, rather fleshy, slightly compressed.
Young branches distinctly 4-winged . : : . 1. BR. macrophylla.
Young branches terete or subangular, not winged.
Leaves narrow-lanceolate (3-14 in. broad), long and
gradually acuminate at both ends; petioles
2-1} in. long, very slender : :
Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic* (14-4 in,
broad), acute or shortly acuminate,
Blade not or obscurely decurrent at the acute ,
base ; petiole 3—1 in. long : : . 8. BR. Welwitschir.
Blade more or less decurrent ; petiole usually
very short.
Blade about 5 times as longas broad. . 4 R. nataiensis.
Blade about 2—4 times as long as broad.
2. R. caffra.
Rauwolfia.} LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). 109
Umbels contracted ; peduncles up to 1 in.
long; calyx 5-partite; segments very
broad, distinctly overlapping at the
base; leaf-reticulation rather close,
distinct : . 5. R, ochrosioides,
Umbels lax ; - peduncles 2— 3h in. long ; “calyx
less divided : segments ie over lapping
or not at all; “leaf-reticulation very
lax, faint.
Blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, about
4. times as long as broad.
Secondary nerves 25-30 on each side,
subhorizontal, straight or slightly
curved ; calyx-segments slightly
overiapping at the base; corolla-
tube 23 lin. long : . 6. BR. inebrians.
Secondary nerves 16-20 on each side,
oblique, curved; calyx cup-
shaped, 5- toothed ; ; corolla-tube
13-2 lin. long . . 7. R, obliquinervis,
Blades lanceolate- -obiong or elliptic, 2-3
times as long as broad. : = 10... Gotzer.
t+Young branches slender; leaf whorls distant; leaves thinly membranous, acute
to caudate-acuminate ; flowers distinctly pedicelled, in small umbels or racemiform
cymes ; fruit a twin dr upe, with the two halves connate to or beyond the middle, but
separated by a groove on each side, or quite free, or more usually (by abortion) a
simple, often asymmetric drupe, scantily fleshy and often laterally compressed.
Leaves caudate-acuminate ; flowers on short pedicels in
usually paired r acemiform or subscorpioid cymes ;
fruit halves (if both are developed) connate to
or beyond the middle, separated by a groove on
each side, strongly laterally compressed.
Branches 4-angular when young, with more or less
conspicuous decurrent raised lines : 5 9. Re Manny,
Branches terete, without decurrent lines.
Peduncles rather stout. : ‘ ; . 10. R. Prewssit.
Peduneles filiform . : a Ebi rosea:
Leaves acute or acuminate, scarcely ever caudate ;
flowers on slender, short or long pedicels at the
ends of the secondary or tertiary rays of a com-
pound umbel or in repeatedly dichotomous cymes
arranged in umbels ; fruit halves (if both are
developed) quite free, divaricate, compressed or
not.
Drupes laterally much compressed, 4-5 lin. long . 12. 2. Cumminsii.
Drupes ellipsoid, 3-34 lin. long.
Inflorescence glabrous ; ‘style glabrous : . 13. R. mombasiana.
Inflorescence pubescent; style villous at the
base ; : : : : . . 14. R. vomitoria.
**Corolla-tube 6 lin. long; mouth not villous; lobes at
least 3 the length of the tube; stamens inserted
below the middle . 5 : : ‘ 2 . 18. R. Volkensii.
iy
CH
110 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE& (STAPF), | Rauwolfa.
1. R. macrophylla, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 20. A tree,
40-50 ft. high, quite glabrous: young branches stout, 4-winged, dark
brown or blackish. Leaves in whorls of 4, lanceolate or oblong-
obovate, obtuse or subacute, long cuneate at the base and decurrent
into the short or indistinct petiole, 6-8 in. long, 2}—3 in. broad, firmly
membranous; secondary nerves 16-24 on each side, straight, sub-
horizontal; veins forming a faint network beneath. Flowers shortly
pedicelled, in dense cymes on the ends of the secondary rays of large
umbels ; peduncles 14~3 in. long ; primary rays }-2 in. long, secondary
rays 3-9 lin. long; pedicels in the flower 4-1 lin., in fruit up to 2 lin.
long. Calyx 3-} lin. long; segments ovate or triangular, acute.
Corolla-tube about 14 lin. Jong; lobes ovate, obtuse, }-% lin. long;
: : : Ss
mouth villous. Style 1 lin. long, glabrous. Fruit a more or less
globose or ellipsoid, slightly compressed drupe with usually 2 often
unequal pyrenes, about 4 lin. long.—R. yonioclada, K. Schum, and
R. leucopoda, K. Schum. MS.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Ambas Bay, Mann, 1328! Bipinde, Zenker,
1626! 1975!
2. R. caffra, Sonder in Linnea, xxiii. 77. A large tree, 50-60 ft.
high, quite glabrous; young branches angular or almost terete, stout,
blackish-brown when dry. Leaves in whorls of 3-5, unequal, lanceolate,
long acuminate, long cuneate at the base, 3-8 in. long, $-14 in. broad,
membranous, rather firm ; secondary nerves 20—30 on each side, straight
or curved, subhorizontal ; veins obscure or more or less distinct below;
petioles up to 14 in. long. Cymes dense, at the ends of the secondary
or tertiary rays of large umbels ; flowers shortly pedicelled or subsessile ;
peduncles 1-2) in. long; primary rays #-1}4 in. long, secondary rays
}-1in. long. Calyx 3-2 lin. long ; lobes ovate, acute. Corolla white;
tube 14-2 lin. long, mouth very hairy ; lobes ovate, very short, subacute.
Carpels connate at the base in the flower, more or less fused in the frait
or usually only one developing; style glabrous, 4} lin. long; stigma
truncate with a reflexed membrane. Fruita simple drupe (by abortion),
obovoid or almost globose, 3 lin. long, or an obcordate twin drupe.
South Central. Congo Free State : Katanga ; near Lukofa, Verdick, 618 !
Lake Nivers, Verdick !
Also in the Transvaal. The Congo Free State specimens differ from those of
the Transvaal in the more distinct reticulation of the leaves and sessile or subsessile
flowers.
3. R. Welwitschii, Stapf. A tree, 25-35 ft. high, quite
glabrous ; young branches angular or almost terete, stout, blackish when
dry. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, oblanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, very
acute, apiculate or finely and acutely acuminate, acute at the base, not
decurrent, 3-6 in. long, 14-12 in. broad (rarely up to 12 in. long and
3} in. broad), more or less firmly membranous, shining above ; secondary
nerves up to 30 on each side, slightly curved or straight, subhorizontal 5
veins distinct, dark, loosely anastomosing; petiole 3-1} in. long.
Flowers sessile, in dense clusters on the ends of the slender secondary
Rauwolfia.| LXXXIV. APOCYNACEA (STAPF). 111
rays of an umbel; peduncle up to 2 in. long; primary rays 1} in. long;
secondary rays $ in. long, Calyx not quite }$ lin. long, cup-shaped,
\-toothed. Corolla whitish; tube 14 lin. long, villous at the mouth;
lobes very broad, ovate, subacute, small. Carpels connate at the base;
style glabrous, less than 1 lin. long. Fruit a more or less obcordate
twin drupe or an ellipsoid or subglobose simple drupe, rather thick,
up to 9 lin. long.—A. caffra, var. natalensis, Stapf ex Hiern in Cat.
Afr, Pl. Welw. i. 665, excl. syn.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; common by streams, Welwitsch,
5951!
Welwitsch, 5952 from the Tangue River, Angola, is very similar in foliage to
Welwitsch, 5951, but the fruit accompanying it belongs evidently to a species of Cono-
pharyngia.
4. R. natalensis, Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 78. A tree, 30-40 ft.
high, quite glabrous; young branches terete, stout, blackish or brown
when dry. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, oblanceolate, acute or subacuminate,
long attenuated towards the base and more or less decurrent on the
petiole, 5-12 in. long, 14-22 in. broad, firmly membranous, pale dull
green; secondary nerves 18~30 on each side, slightly curved, sub-
horizontal; veins quite obscure, or very faint, loosely anastomosing ;
petiole 2-12 lin. long, stout. Cymes very dense, at the ends of the
secondary rays of large umbels; peduncle 2-34 in. long, stout ; primary
rays 1-2 in. long ; secondary rays 3-6 lin. long; pedicels in flower up
to } lin. long, in fruit up to 1 lin. long. Calyx } lin. long; lobes
broad, ovate, subacute. Corolla-tube about 2 lin. long, densely villous
at the mouth; lobes small, rounded. Carpels connate at the base or
half-way up in flower. Fruit a more or less obovoid or subglobose
drupe, 4 lin. long (semimature).—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. iv. ii. 154,
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, on the
banks of streams, Buchanan, 24!
Also in Natal.
A plant collected by Boehm and Reichardt in Kavende, Western Ger man East
Africa, an {distributed as Voacanga angustifolia, K.Schum. (ined.), belongs either to
R. caffra or to a new species nearly allied to it. I have ouly seen a leaf and a fruit
of it. The leaf is linear-lanceolate, acuminate, long attenuate into a short stout
petiole, over 7 in. long, slightly over 1 in. broad, with about 10-20 very delicate
curved secondary nerves. The fruit is a very fleshy obscurely and asymmetrically
obcordate twin drupe with 2 unequal pyrenes, over 4 in. long and across.
Another specimen collected by Kirk between Shibisa and Tshinmuzo, in Nyasa-
land, between 2000 and 4000 ft., agrees with R. natalensis in the inflorescences and
flowers, bat the leaves are relatively broader (3 times as long as broad), not quite so
firn and more distinctly reticulated ; they are nearly all detiched and mutilated.
+. R. ochrosioides, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Ajr. C. 318
(not elsewhere). Whole plant glabrous. Young branches terete or
Subangular, blackish when dry, stout. Leaves in whorls of 4 or more,
lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, acute or apiculate, long attenuate into
112 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE#& (STAPF). [ Rauwolfia.
the very short petiole, 24-6 in. long, 2—2 in. broad, firmly membranous ;,
midrib rather slender, deeply channelled above ; secondary nerves about
16-25 on each side, starting more or less at right angles to the midrib,
curved near the margin; reticulation distinct, dark brown, somewhat
close. Flowers sessile in dense clusters at the ends of the secondary
rays of compound contracted umbels; peduncle 4-1 in. long; primary
rays up to } in. long; secondary rays 2-3 lin. long. Calyx 3 lin. long;
segments broad-ovate, subacute, overlapping at the base. Corolla-tube
searcely 14 lin. long, villous at the mouth; lobes broad-ovate, obtuse or
subacute, 4 lin. long. Carpels connate at the very base in flower.
Fruit unknown.—R. inebrians, K. Schum. in Eng]. Pf. Ost-Afr. B.
352 (the Gonja plant only).
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Itarige, Fischer, 377! Usambara ;
Gonja, Holst, 4336 !
I have seen only the top of a flowering branch of Fischer’s specimen. Its leaves
are much narrower and smaller than those of the Gonja plant, but they agree
exactly in the nervation, venation, and texture; the inflorescence and flowers also
agree.
6. R. inebrians, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 938, 105;
B. 352 partly; C. 318 partly. A middle-sized tree, quite glabrous;
young branches terete, blackish when dry, stout. Leaves in whorls of
about 4, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or broad-oblanceolate, acute or
shortly and very acutely acuminate, long attenuate towards the short
petiole, 5-12 in. long, 13-3 in. broad, membranous; midrib stout;
secondary nerves about 25-30 on each side, subhorizontal, straight or
slightly curved, forked near the margin; veins faint, loosely anastomos-
ing. Flowers sessile or subsessile in dense clusters on the ends of the
secondary rays of compound lax umbels (about 3 in. in diam.) ; peduncle
up to 2 in. long; primary rays up to 2 in. long; secondary rays up to
4 lin. long. Calyx 4 lin. long; segments ovate, subacute, overlapping
at the base. Corolla white; tube 24 lin. long, villous at the mouth;
lobes very broad, subacute or obtuse, } lin. long. Carpels connate at
the very base in flower. Fruit unknown.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. 11. 154; Volk. Kilimand. 231, 291.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 4900 ft.,
Volkens, 1415!
7. R. obliquinervis, Stapf. Whole plant glabrous. Young
branches stout, terete, blackish when dry. Leaves whorled, very shortly
petioled or subsessile, lanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly and very acutely
acuminate, long attenuate towards the base, 6-9 in. Jong, 14-2 in.
broad, firmly membranous, dark and slightly shining above, pale beneath;
midrib channelled above, prominent and stout beneath ; secondary nerves
16—20 on each side, oblique, starting at an angle of 65°-45°, curved ;
reticulation faint though distinct, lax. Flowers sessile or subsessile in
dense clusters at the ends of the secondary rays of lax compound umbels ;
peduncle 2 in. long ; primary rays 1-13 in. long ; secondary rays 4-9
in. long. Calyx not quite } lin. long, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Corolla-
Rauuwolfia. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACES (STAPF). 113
tube 14—2 lin. long, villous at the mouth; lobes very broad, ovate, sub-
obtuse, scarcely } lin. long. Carpels connate at the base or up to the
middle, Fruit unknown.—2R. ochrosioides, K. Schum, in Engl. Glied.
Veg. Usambara, 52 and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 88 (not elsewhere).
R. inebrians, K. Schum, in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 318 (not elsewhere).
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; at Kizara in North
Handei, Holst, 2360 !
8. R. Goetzei, Stapf. Whole plant glabrous. Young branches
stout, subangular, brown when dry. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, shortly
petioled, oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, more or less
attenuate at the base, very variable in size, up to 1 ft. long and 4 in.
broad, chartaceous ; midrib channelled above, stout beneath; secondary
nerves up to 30 or more on each side, subhorizontal, straight or the
upper curved ; reticulation faint, lax; petiole hardly any or up to $ in.
long, stout. Flowers very shortly pedicelled in few-flowered (always?)
clusters on the ends of the secondary or tertiary rays of lax compound
umbels; peduncle up to 24 in. long; primary rays #-1} in. long;
secondary rays }—} in. long. Calyx not quite } lin. long, cup-shaped,
d-toothed. Corolla-tube 1} lin. long, villous at the mouth ; lobes broad-
ovate, obtuse, scarcely } lin. long. Carpels connate at the base. Fruit
unknown.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Ruhambe, 1650 ft., Gafze, 385!
The discrimination of this and the three preceding species is not quite satis-
factory owing to the scanty material. Further investigation will show how far the
characters derived from the shape, size and nervation of the leaves may be relied
upon. The degree of division of the calyx, whether 5—partite with segments dis-
tinctly overlapping at the base, or merely 5-toothed, will probably be found of
greater taxonomic value.
9. R. Mannii, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 21. A shrub, 6—9 ft.
high, perfectly glabrous; youngest branches quadrangular, soon rounded,
with more or less conspicuous decurrent lines. Leaves in whorls of
4-3, very unequal in size, oblong; abruptly contracted into a narrow
linear acumen (4 to 1 in. long), gradually narrowed into the petiole,
the longer ones 5-9 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, thinly membranous ;
secondary nerves almost horizontal, 12-16 on each side; veins quite
obscure ; petioles 2-8 lin. long. Flowers in small few-flowered pseudo-
umbels ; peduncle about 1 in. long, very slender ; pedicels 1—2 lin. long.
Calyx 1 lin. long; segments linear-lanceolate. Corolla-tube 24 lin.
long, villous at the mouth; lobes ovate, obtuse, } lin. long. Carpels
connate at the base ; style slender, glabrous. Fruit a simple obliquely
ovoid much-compressed drupe or an obcordate twin drupe, 4-5 lin.
long.—De Wild. & Durand, Relig. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot.
Ser. 3, fase. ii, 150. BR. cardiocarpa, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 154, fig. 56, R.
Upper Guinea. Camcroons: Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker § Staudt, 665!
Bipinde, Zenker, 1815!
South Central. Congo Free State: Bokakata, Dewevre, 791.
_ kower Guinea, (Gaboon: Sierra de! Crystal, Jfann, 1720! a
Sibange Farm, Soyauzx }
VOL. IV. :
114 EXXXIV. APOCYNACE# (STAPF). [ Rauwolfia.
10. R. Preussii, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, PAanzenfam.
iv. ii. 154, fig. 56, 8. Branches terete, slender olive-brown, dotted
with whitish lenticels. Leaves ternate, obovate-oblong, suddenly con-
tracted into a linear acumen (up to 6 lin. long and 1-1} lin. broad),
cuneate at the base, very variable in size, up to 7 in. long and 2} in,
broad, thinly membranous; secondary nerves about 6-10 on each side ;
veins quite obscure ; petiole 4—6 lin. long. Flowers in paired subscorpioid
or raceme-like cymes, much contracted when young, resembling a small
corymb; peduncle $1} in. long; pedicels up to2 lin. long. Calyx # lin.
long ; segments lanceolate-linear, obtuse. Corolla-tube about 2 lin. long;
lobes rounded, } lin. long. Fruit an obliquely obovoid simple or obcor-
date twin drupe, acute, 4 lin. long.—Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-
Exped. 307.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Barombi, Preuss, 65! 342 ! Lolodorf, Staudt, 384!
Mundame, 660 ft., Schlechter, 12929.
11. R. rosea, K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 317. A gla-
brous shrub, about 6 ft. high; branches divaricate, terete, slender.
Leaves ternate, obovate-oblong to oblong, acuminate (acumen acute, 3 in.
long), acute to cuneate at the base, 4-6 in. long, 13-2} in. broad,
thinly membranous, dark green above, pale beneath ; secondary nerves
9-12 on each side, oblique, curved ; veins obscure ; petiole 4—6 lin. long
Cymes solitary or 2-4 on a common peduncle, few-flowered, racemiform™ ;
peduncle very slender, $—? in. long. Calyx not quite 1 lin. long ; segments
ovate, subacute. Corolla rose-coloured ; tube 2} lin. long, villous at the
mouth ; lobes orbicular-ovate, # lin. long. Fruit an oblique, oblong-
ovoid, simple, or an obcordate twin drupe, each drupe 4 lin. long.
Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Usambara; Lutindi, in forests, Holst,
3250! Nguelo, Heinsen !
12. R. Cumminsii, Stapf. A glabrous shrub; young branches
quadrangular, slender. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, oblanceolate, acuml-
nate, long attenuate at the base, 4-6 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, dull pale
green, membranous; secondary nerves about 12 on each side, oblique,
curved; petiole 1-3 lin. long. Cymes 3-1-flowered, lax, arranged in
4-2-rayed umbels; peduncle about 3 in. long, slender ; rays about 3 lin.
long, very slender; pedicels 1} lin. long. Calyx } lin. long; segments
ovate, acute. Corolla unknown in the normal state. Fruit a simple
or twin drupe, with the two halves quite free and divaricate ; drupes
semi-elliptic, 5 lin. long, much compressed from the sides, red, outer
edge almost straight.
Upper Guinea. Ashanti: Assin Yan Kumasi, Cummins, 216!
The corollas of the specimen are, below the middle, deformed by a gall insect.
They are about 43 lin. long of which nearly 2} lin. go to the gall, which consists of
an almost solid thick ellipsoid body.
13. R. mombasiana, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 21. A shrub.
up to 6 ft. high, perfectly glabrous; youngest branches quadrangular.
Rauwolfia.| LXXXIV. APOCYNACE (STAPF). 115
Leaves in whorls of 4-3, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, cuneate at the base, 4-8 in. long, 1-2} in. broad, thinly
membranous ; secondary nerves 15—18 on each side, rarely fewer, much
spreading, curved; veins quite obscure; petiole 4-12 lin. long. Flowers
pedicelled at or near the ends of the secondary or tertiary rays of a
compound umbel; peduncles 2-6 in. long; primary rays 24~} in. long;
secondary and tertiary rays often very unequal, 6—2 lin. long; pedicels
filiform, up to 3 lin. long. Calyx 3_? lin. long ; segments ovate, acute.
Corolla yellowish; tube 3-3} lin. long, villous at the mouth; lobes
ovate, obtuse, ? lin. long. Carpels free; style slender, glabrous. Fruit.
a simple or divaricate twin drupe; drupes quite free, ovoid, subapiculate,
3-4 lin. long, red.—R. monopyrena, K.Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.
C. 318.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Witu, Ziomas, 110! 180! Mombasa, Hilde-
brandt, 2011! Wakefield! Rabai Hills, Taylor /
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Amboni, //olst, 28014!
Zanguebar, Kirk, 84! Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Shupanga,
Kirk!
14. R. vomitoria, 4/z. Stirp. Guin. Med. Sp. Nov. 1. A shrub or
small tree, up to 20 ft. high, glabrous except the inflorescences ; young
branches quadrangular. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, very variable in
shape, lanceolate to elliptic, more or less acuminate at both ends, 3-7
in. long, 1-3 in. broad, thinly membranous; secondary nerves 10-16,
much spreading; veins usually very obscure ; petiole 3-15 lin. long. |
Flowers in repeatedly dichotomous finely pubescent cymes, arranged in
umbels ; peduncles $~3 in. long; primary rays 4-1 in. long; pedicels
slender, from less than 4 lin. to 2 lin. long. Calyx } to over # lin. long ;
Segments ovate, obtuse. Corolla white ; tube somewhat constricted at
the very mouth, 3-31 lin. long ; hairy in the mouth; lobes ovate,
obtuse, 4} lin. long. “ Carpels free; style slightly thickened and villous
towards the base, 14-2 lin. long. Fruit a simple or divaricate twin
drupe ; drupes quite free, ovoid, subapiculate, 34-4 lin. long, red.—
Spreng. Syst. i. 834; DC. Prod. viii. 341; Hook. Niger Fl. 446;
L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 295. R. Senegambie, DC. Prod. viii. 340 ;
Hook. l.c.; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 154; De
Wild. in Bull. Herb. Boiss, sér. 2, i. 34. R. seneyambica, A. DC. ex De
Wild. & Durand, Relig. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 3,
fase. 11.150. R. pleiosciadica, K. Schum.1.c., and in Schlechter, Westafr.
Kautschuk-Exped. 307. R. Stuhlmannii, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. ©. 318; R. congolana, De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus
Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 204, and Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo
Bot. sér, 3, fase. ii. 150. :
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Rio Nunez, Heudelot, 910. French Guinea;
Near Sulimana, 3500 ft., Scott-Elliot, 5818! Duyania, Scott-Elliot, 4823! Sierra
Leone: Kambia, Scott-Elliot, 4356 ! Bafodeya, Scott-Elliot, 5501! Bagru River,
Mann! and without precise locality, Afzelius! Don / Vogel,103! Barter! Liberia:
Grand Bassa, Vogel, 19! Gold Coast, Burton § Cameron! Lagos: Ebuta Metta,
Millen, 20! Abeokuta, Irving, 23! 64! between Abeokuta and Ibadan, Schlechter,
116 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). [ Rauwwolfia.
13037; near Lagos, Rowland! Niger Protectorate: by the Nun River, Barter,
2091! Nupe, Barter, 1704! Old Calabar, Thomson, 54! 120! Cross River,
Johnston! Cameroons: Cameroon River, Mann, 750! Preuss, 903! Batanga,
Bates, 32! Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker g Staudt, 118! 784! Zenker, 736! 800!
1736! Bipinde, Zenker, 842! 850! 16268! 2118!
Lower Guinea. (aboon: Klaine, 892! Lower Congo: Kisantu, Gillet,
203 !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 980,
3616, 3621!
South Central. Congo Free State : Niamniam, by the Assika River, Schwein-
Surth, 3246! Mobanga, on the Congo, Dewevre, 753. Kiboubou, near Kasongo,
Dewevre, 924!
15. R. Volkensii, Stapf. A glabrous shrub, 6 ft. high ; branches
slender, the older coarsely lenticellate. Leaves in pairs or in whorls of
3, broadly lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, 24-3 in. long, 1-1} in. broad,
acute or subacuminate at both ends, very thin ; secondary nerves about
7 on each side, faint, but distinct. Flowers pedicelled, in more or
less umbelliform 3-5-flowered glabrous peduncled terminal cymes;
peduncles up to 1 in. long; pedicels 2-5 lin. long. Calyx-segments
lanceolate-subulate, 1 lin. long. Corolla greenish; tube } in. long;
widened below the middle, hairy within except at the base, mouth not
villous ; lobes elliptic, very obtuse, 4-5 lin. long, elegantly veined.
Anthers inserted 2 lin. above the base, #-1 lin. long. Carpels connate
beyond the middle; style 14 lin. long. Fruit obcordate when young.—
Tabernemontana Volkensii, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 316.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Mlalo, Holst, 174;
Kilimanjaro ; Shira, Volkens, 1942!
Imperfectly known species.
16. R. dichotoma, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam-
iv. ii. 154.
Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Voller, 145!
I have seen only tragments of this plant, the description of which is quite un-
sufficient. It has opposite leaves with petioles over 1 in. long, and small terminal
panicles with linear bracts. The winute, crowded buds are coated with a kind of
varnish. It is very doubtful whether this is a Rawvolfia.
17. R. longeacuminata, De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus
Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 205. Glabrous; branches terete, lenticellate-
Leaves whorled, petioled, long elliptic-lanceolate, very long acutely acum!
nate, long cuneate at the base, 34-4 in. long, 54-13 lin. broad, drying
blackish ; secondary nerves about 11 on each side: veins inconspicuous.
Flowers in siuail glabrous umbels, ? in. across; peduncle 8—10 lin. long;
pedicels 3—} lin. long. Calyx } lin. long; segments triangular, acute.
Corolla-tube 1$—2 lin. long; villous at the mouth ; lobes ? lin. long.
Lower Guinea. Congo Free State: Cabra.
The author compares this species with R. obscura, which is also very imperfectly:
known.
Rauwolfia. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACE# (STAPF). Ta?
18. R. obscura, X. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Phanzenfam. iv. ii.
154. Quite glabrous. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, subacumi-
nate (?), acute at the base, about 4 in. long, 1} in. broad, membranous,
drying blackish above, coftee-brown below, margins wavy ; secondary
nerves about 12 on each side; veins quite obscure. Cymes few-flowered,
crowded on the ends of the rays of an umbel (?) ; flowers very shortly
pedicelled. Calyx slightly over } lin. long, divided almost to the base ;
segments ovate, subacuminate. Corolla drying black ; tube 14 lin. long,
villous at the mouth ; lobes broad-ovate, obtuse, } lin. long. Carpels free
to the base in flower.—Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 307.
South Central. Congo Free State: Mukenge, Pogge, 1080! Leopoldville,
in shrubberies, Schlechter, 22534.
Evidently a distinct species. 1 have seen only small fragments of an inflorescence
and a mutilated leaf, and as there is practically no description in Engler & Prantl,
le., I have not been able to ascertain its affinity.
13. ALLAMANDA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 690.
Calyx rather large, eglandular within; sepals 5, lanceolate, more or
less unequal. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube slender and cylindric to
about the middle, then much widened into a campanulate or funnel-
shaped throat with fimbriate scales or tufts of hairs at its base; lobes
broad, contorted, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted at the very
base of the throat, conniving into a cone; filaments very short, decurrent
into a thin densely hairy ridge which projects much towards ‘the centre
of the tube; anthers free from the stigma, sagittate-lanceolate, acuimi-
nate or aristulate; anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscing all along
except at the hard solid basal points. Disc annular, fleshy, entire or
obscurely lobed. Ovary syncarpous, 1-celled; style filiform; stigma
capitate, with 5 dense patches of delicate hairs matted together by their
viscous secretion, a deflexed, rigid, 10-toothed frill (always?) and a
2-lobed short apiculus; placentas 2, parietal; ovules numerous, 2—5-
seriate. Fruit capsular, ovate or elliptic, flattened, echinate, dehiscing
along the sutures; valves almost woody. Seeds numerous, imbricate,
broad, flat, margins membranous or winged; endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons
large, subfoliaceous ; radicle short.—Trees or shrubs, frequently climb-
ing. Leaves opposite or whorled, or the upper aliernate; axillary
Stipules 0; axillary glands subulate, distinct, often very numerous.
Flowers large, showy, in racemiform or panicled cymes.
Species 12, in tropical South America; one frequently cultivated and occasionally
naturalised in the tropics of the Old World.
1. A. cathartica, Linn. Mant. 214. A scantily branched shrub,
with pubescent or glabrate spreading branches. Leaves obovate-
lanceolate, acutely acuminate, attenuate towards the base, 3-9 in. long,
1-13 in. broad, glossy above, glabrous or hairy along the midrib and
Sometimes also ou the side-nerves below; secondary nerves about 15 on
each side, very slender, spreading; petiole 1-5 lin. long. _Cymes
racemiform or panicled, glabrous or hispidulous; bracts deciduous ;
118 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEH (STAPF). | A llamanda.
pedicels stout, 14-6 lin. long. Calyx 4-8 lin. long, quite glabrous,
persistent ; sepals lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, acute to subobtuse.
Corolla yellow ; cylindric part of the tube and throat, each 2-2} in.
long; lobes round, unequal, ?-1 lin. long; throat-scales fimbriate,
Capsule ovoid-elliptic, 1} in. long, 1} in. broad. Seeds 4—5 lin. long,
broadly winged.—Gertn. De Fruct. t. 61; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 259;
Bot. Mag. t. 338; A.DC. Prod. viii. 318 ; Muell. Arg. in Fl, Brasil. vi. 1,
1); K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 128, fig. 49, E-G;
and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 315; Stapf in De Wild. & Durand,
Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 2, i. fase. i. 33; De
Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 3, fase.
ii. 145. A. Schottii, Bot. Mag. t. 4351 (not of Pohl). A. Aubletii, Pohl,
Plant. Brasil. i.75; Bot. Mag. t. 4411. Orelia grandiflora, Aubl. Guyan.
i, 271, t. 106.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Boma, Dewevre, 417 !
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann, 636.
A native of tropical South America, cultivated and sometimes naturalised in
various parts of the Old World.
14, LOCHNERA, Reichb. Conspectus, 154.
Calyx middle-sized, herbaceous, eglandular within ; sepals 5, subulate,
scarcely imbricate. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube slender, cylindric,
slightly widened below the constricted, callous, velvety mouth ; lobes
overlapping to the left. Stamens in the widened part of the corolla-
tube; filaments very short; anthers free from the stigma; ovate-
lanceolate, acute, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed at the base ; anther-cells
polliniferous and dehiscing to the base. Disc replaced by two long
linear glands alternating with the carpels. Carpels 2, free; style
filiform ; stigma slightly below the level of the anthers, depressed-
capitate, viscous with a long hyaline reflexed frill at the base and a
minute obtuse 2-lobed apiculus surrounded by a very short erect mem-
branous rim ; ovules numerous, 2-seriate. Mericarps follicular, cylindric,
slightly spreading. Seeds numerous, small; testa rugose; hilum
lateral ; endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons oblong, flat, shorter than the thick
raidicle.—Annual or perennial herbs or small undershrubs. Leaves
opposite ; axillary stipules 0; axillary glands numerous in a fringe,
the outer long, filiform, the inner minute. Flowers axillary, solitary
paired, white or pink.—Vinca, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 703
partly.
Species 3, indigenous in tropical America, India, and Madagascar. One species
widely diffused as a weed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of both
hemispheres.
1. L. rosea, Reichb. 1.c. A small undershrub, up to 3 ft. high.
Leaves obovate or oblong, very obtuse (rarely subacute) and apiculate,
acute at the base, 14-3 in. long, ?-1% in. broad, herbaceous, finely
pubescent to subtomentose ; petioles 1-4 lin. long. Pedicels up to 1 lin.
Lochnera. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACE (STAPF). 119
long, pubescent. Corolla white or pink; tube puberulous, 1 in. long ;
lobes broad, obliquely obovate, apiculate, # in. long. Follicles up to 1} in.
long, spreadingly pubescent, striate.—Schniz]. Iconogr. t. 132, figs. 2-16 ;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 145, fig. 57 A—D.,
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 316 ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 231, 284;
Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo i. 190; De Wild. & Durand,
Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 2, i. fase. ii. 39, and
Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 3, fase. ii. 151. Vinea
rosea, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. 944; Gaertn. De Fruct. ii. 172, t. 117; DC.
Prod. viii. 382; Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. vi. i. 69, t. 25; Hook.
Niger Flora, 450; Grisebach, Fl. Brit. West Ind. 410; Cardoso jun.
in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xiii. 144; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 667.
Catharanthus roseus, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 95.—Vinca fol. oblongo-
ovatis, Mill. Ie. t. 186.
Upper Guinea. Cape Verde Islands: Cardoso. Sierra Leone, Turner /
Gold Coast: Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 60!
Lower Guinea. Congo Free State: Banana, Dewevre, 50! Boma, Wiil-
werth, Dewevre / and without precise locality, by roadsides, Dupuis, 3!
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann. Portuguese East Africa : Kerimba
Islands, Peters !
Probably a native of the West Indies, now widely naturalised in the tropics of
both hemispheres, chiefly near the coasts.
15. PLUMERIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 704.
Calyx small, eglandular within; sepals 5, almost free, imbricate,
usually broad and obtuse, sometimes unequal or partly or wholly
suppressed, Corolla salver-shaped; tube cylindric, slender, slightly
widened at the base, without appendages in the mouth ; lobes 5, broad,
oblong, overlapping to the left, straight or more or less twisted.
Stamens in the widened base of the corolla-tube ; anthers free from the
stigma, oblong, apiculate, 2-lobed at the base ; anther-cells polliniferous
and dehiscent to the base. Disc 0. Ovary apocarpous, semi-inferior ;
carpels 2; style very short, columnar; stigma just below the anthers,
ellipsoid, copiously viscous in the lower part, somewhat constricted
above, with a thick papillose ring below the 2-fid, stout apicuius ;
ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular, divaricate, elliptic
to linear in outline, coriaceous. Seeds oblong or lanceolate, flattened,
winged at the apex or all round; endosperm fleshy, thin ; cotyledons
oblong or ovate-cordate ; radicle short.—T'rees or tall shrubs, usually
with stout branches. Leaves alternate; petioles usually long;
secondary nerves numerous, straight, connected by a more or less
conspicuous marginal nerve; axillary stipules 0; petiole resinous at
the base, without external glands. Flowers rather large, white or
pink, frequently with a yellow centre or quite yellow, in contracted or
ultimately elongate cymes arranged in terminal, often umbelliform
corymbs or panicles, and supported by often large, caducous bracts.
Species 30-40, natives of tropical America; some of them naturalised or com-
only cultivated in the tropics of the Old World.
120 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEZ (STAPF). [ Plumeria.
1. P. rubra, Linn. Sp. Pl. 209. A shrub or small tree. Leaves
crowded near the ends of the branches, oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute
at both ends, or the tips subacuminate, 6-12 in. long, 2-4 in. broad,
herbaceous, quite glabrous; secondary nerves 25-40 on each side,
horizontal in the lower, slightly oblique in the upper part ; petiole
puberulous, 1-2 in. long. Corymbs many-flowered, umbelliform ;
peduncle 2-6 in. long, stout, puberulous; pedicels up to } in. long.
Calyx scarcely 1 lin. long. Coroila pink ; tube }—3 in. long ; lobes obo-
vate-oblong, 1-1} in. long. Follicles 8 in. long, 14 in. wide.— Bot. Mag.
t. 279; Lam. Encycl. ii. 308,’t. 173, fig. 1; DC. Prod. viii. 390 ; Bot.
Reg. t. 780; Reichb. Fl. Exot. t.175; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.
i. 667. Plumiera rubra, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 136. P. rosea, (error for P. rubra), K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-
Afr. C. 315.
Lower Guinea, Angola: Loanda, cultivated, Welwitsch, 5985.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann.
Probably a native of Central America; frequently cultivated in the trop‘es.
Imperfectly known species.
2. P. africana, Will. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, No. 5. Leaves linear-
lanceolate, 9-10 in. long, 2 in. broad, rather succulent, acute, slightly
rounded at the base. Flowers yellow.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Adanson.
This was described from specimens raised from seeds brought home by Adanson.
It has not been observed again.
16. ALSTONTIA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 705.
Calyx small, eglandular within; sepals 5, almost free or distinctly
united at the base, imbricate, more or less ovate. Corolla salver-
shaped; tube cylindric, slightly widened below the mouth (or near the
middle in short-flowered species), more or less callous at the mouth ;
lobes rounded to lanceolate, contorted, overlapping either way. Stamens
in the widened part of the corolla-tube, included ; filaments filiform,
short. Anthers free from the stigma, ovate to ovate-oblong, subacute,
2-lobed at the base; anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscing to the
base. Disc 0, or obscurely annular, or (Sect. Blaberopus) tubular,
adnate to the base of the ovary and produced into 2 lobes, alternating
with the carpels. Carpels 2, free or coherent in flower, frequently
slightly immersed in the torus; style filiform, often very short ; stigma
oblong, 2-lobed or 2-tid, with a ring or reflexed frill at the bases
ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps 2, follicular, usually long
cylindric, slender. Seeds oblong, compressed, attached by the cent?
with long hairs all round the edges, but chiefly at both ends, of
shortly ciliate on the sides, glabrous or pubescent on the faces; te -
very thin; endosperm fleshy. Embryo in the longitudinal axis of the
seed; cotyledons oblong, flat, foliaceous; radicle about as long as the
Alstonia. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACEZ (STAPF). 121
cotyledons or slightly shorter.—Trees, often very tall, or shrubs.
Leaves in whorls of 3-4, or more rarely opposite, frequently with
numerous horizontal nerves; axillary stipules 0; axillary glands
usually numerous, often very small, in a fringe or covering the
hollowed base of the petiole, rarely both. Inflorescences terminal,
usually whorled on the top of the branch, rarely with additional ones
from the next leaf-whorl, mostly many-flowered and compound,
umbelliform, corymbose or panicled. Flowers white, whitish or
brownish, middle-sized or small.
Species about 30, natives of India, Malaya, tropical Australia and Polynesia,
1 in tropical Africa.
I. A. congensis, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. viii. 64. A large
tree, with a tall clear trunk, quite glabrous; branches moderately
stout, brown or blackish when dry. Leaves in whorls of 4-6,
oblanceolate to obovate-cuneate, shortly acuminate or obtuse or
retuse, acute or cuneate at the base, 4—7 in. long, 14-2} in. broad,
subcoriaceous when mature, dark above, pale and more or less
glaucous beneath ; secondary nerves straight, horizontal, prominent on
both sides, 30-40 on each side ; petiole very short or up to } in. long.
Panicles several from the tops of the branches, compound, loose, many-
flowered, greyish, puberulous ; peduncle up to 1} in. long; branches
whorled in 2-3 tiers, the lowest 14 in. long, bearing corymbosely
arranged pseudo-umbels of 4-7 flowers; bracts small, crowded at the
base of the pseudo-umbels ; pedicels up to 23 lin. long. Calyx scarcely
i lin: long, minutely greyish tomentose; segments broadly-ovate,
subacuminate. Corolla more or less minutely papillose-tomentose
without or glabrescent in the lower part; tube slender, 4-5} lin.
long, scantily pubescent within; limb villous at the mouth; lobes
somewhat obliquely ovate, 14-2 lin. long. Anthers ? lin. long. Ovary
finely greyish-tomentose except at the base; style (inclusive of the
stigma), 4 lin. long—Durand & Schinz, Etudes FI. Congo, i. 190.
A. scholaris, Chevalier, Géogr. Bot. Sénég. et Soudan, 207, 224, and
in Rév. Cult. Colon. vii. (1900), 492, 493 with fig., not of R. Br.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: rather common from the Gambia to Portuguese
Guinea; in the Sinedone, Adéane, Sedhiou, Yacine and Fogny districts, Chevalier ;
Diebali, Sébire. Gambia: near Bathurst and Balantacounda, ex Chevalier. Lagos:
Ibadan Forest, Punch, 145! Niger Protectorate: Abol:, Barter, 490! Idda, Barter,
302! Brass, Barter,64! Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker, 1622!
Wile Land. British East Africa: Niamuiam; by the Diamvonu stream,
Schweinfurth, 3260 !
ower Guinea. Lower Congo: Smith! Naumann,
All the specimens which I have seen (except Punch’s) consist of barren branches,
and it is therefore possible that they may belong to more than one species in spite of
their great resemblance in vegetative characters. Moreover, 4. congensis was
described from barren specimens, so that even tiie basis of the species is uncertain.
Chevalier describes the flowers as yellowish-brown with a penetrating sweet odour ;
they are out in Senegambia in January and February. According to Puuch, who
collected early in December, the tree sheds neariy all its leaves before flowering.
122 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE4 (STAPF). | Zabernanthe.
17. TABERNANTHE, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 783.
Calyx small, herbaceous, with 5 small glands within, alternating
with the sepals ; sepals 5, almost free, imbricate, ovate, acute, rotun-
date, very minutely ciliolate. Corolla small, salver-shaped ; tube sub-
cylindric, or more or less inflated below, thin ; lobes overlapping to the
left, very broad, obtuse, as long as or shorter than the tube, tips not
inflexed in bud. Stamens inserted about the middle of the corolla-
tube ; anthers conniving in a cone, included, subsessile, linear-sagittate,
finely acuminate, wings with thin involute margins ; tails acute, foot of
connective narrow, flat, glabrous, slightly viscous ; filaments very short,
stout, hairy in front ; filamental ridges very slender. Dise 0. Ovary
syncarpous, imperfectly 2-celled; style filiform; stigma capitate, j-
grooved, viscous, with a short reflexed membrane at the base and a
slender 2-fid apiculus; placentas parietal, much projecting, united at
the bottom and the top; ovules 2—4-seriate, numerous. Fruit baccate,
fleshy, ovoid, acuminate. Seeds few, embedded in a scanty pulp (mem-
branous when dry), ellipsoid, ventrally deeply grooved; testa very
thick, corky, divided by deep longitudinal and transverse grooves into
seriate tubercles; endosperm ruminated by the intruding testa, fleshy;
cotyledons transverse, thin, concavo-convex, about as long as the radicle.
—Shrubs or small trees, dichotomously branched. Leaves opposite, thin,
herbaceous ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands filiform, often numerous.
Flowers small, in terminal or pseudo-axillary, usually paired, lax, few-
flowered, corymbose or pseudo-scorpioid inflorescences.
Species about 5, endemic.
Corolla-tube inflated and ovoid at the base.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually acuminate,
acute at the base, distinctly petioled . le Bocca.
Leaves oblanceolate to subcbovate, minutely =
rounded at the base, subsessile or sessile . 2. T. subsessilis.
Corolla-tube subcylindric, slightly narrowed above
the middle.
Corolla-tube 33-4 lin. long S : - . 8. T. Manni.
Corolla-tube 2-23 lin. long.
Corolla white ; leaves with petioles up to 4 lin.
leng, acute or acuminate at the base . 4 T. Iboga.
Corolla yellowish ; one leaf of each pair usually
sessile or subsessile and shortly rounded at
the base, the other shortly petioled and
acute or subacute at the base . 5. T. tenuiflora.
1. T. Bocca, Stapf. Or
1. G. psorocarpa, Pierre MS. A climbing shrub, perfectly
glabrous; branches slender, fistular. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, long attenuate at: the base, 4—6 in. long, 1-1} in.
broad, chartaceous, olive-green when dry; secondary nerves 8-10 on
each side, faint, oblique, curved; petiole slender, 3—4 lin. long. Inflor-
escences few- to many-flowered, corymbiform ; peduncle slender, }—} in.
long; pedicels slender, up to 5 lin. long. Calyx almost 14 lin. long;
sepals ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla white; tube cylindric,
gradually widened at the base, not twisted, 6 lin. long, villous within
from the base of the anthers upwards; lobes linear, acuminate, as long
as the tube, very wavy. Anthers 24 lin. long. Style very short.
Fruit slightly winged (Pierre).
Lower Guinea. Gaboon, Klaine, 725!
2. G. brachypoda, Stapf. A climbing shrub, up to 6 ft. high,
quite glabrous; branches fistular, dark brownish-green. Leaves oblong,
abruptly acuminate (acumen linear, very slender, acute, up to 4 lin.
long), rounded or subacute at the base, 2-44 in. long, 1-2 in. broad,
chartaceous, dark brownish-green above, pale brown below when dry;
secondary nerves 7-8 on each side, spreading almost at right angles,
curved; petiole 14-2 lin. long. Inflorescences umbelliform, about 10-
flowered, on a very short stout peduncle ; pedicels slender, up to 4 lin.
Jong. Calyx scarcely 1 lin. long; sepals suborbicular, eglandular,
ciliolate. Corolla white; tube slender, 14 in. long, slightly widened
and twisted at the base, glabrous within above the stamens; lobes
linear, long tapering, } in. long, wavy. Anthers 2 lin. long. Stigma
almost sessile.— Taberneemontana brachypoda, K.Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
XX1li, 223 partly.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Lolodorf, in forest, Staudt, 18!
K. Schumann also quotes (l.c.) a specimen collected on the Sibange farm, in
Munda, Gaboon, by Soyaux (239), under his Tabernemontana brachypoda. _The
Kew specimen, so numbered, ha3 lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, gradually acuminite
leaves, which dry green above and pile yellowish-green below and have longer
petioles. I have no doubt that it is specifically distinct from G@. brachypoda ; but as
there is only one flower-bud with the specimen at Kew, I must confine myself t>
drawing attention to this plant.
3. G. latifolia, Stapf. A climbing shrub, 6-8 ft. high, quite
glabrous; branches fistular, rather slender, pale green. Leaves elliptic
to elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen very slender, sublinear,
138 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEH (STAPF). [ Gabunia.
4-5 lin. long), acute at the base, 5-6 in. long, 2-3 in, broad, papery,
dull olive-green when dry, paler beneath; secondary nerves 7-8 on each
side, faint; petiole not flexuose, 4-6 lin. long. Inflorescences umbelli-
form, 6—7-flowered ; peduncle slender, 1 in. long; pedicels up to 3 lin.
long. Calyx 1-1} lin. long; segments elliptic-oblong, broad, obtuse,
ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla-tube very slender, widened close to the
base and twisted to or beyond the middle, 14-12 in. long, glabrous
within above the stamens; lobes linear, long tapering, about 1 in. long,
very wavy. Anthers 2 lin. long. Style under } lin. long.—Taberna-
montana eglandulosa, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 24 partly.
Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Corisco Bay; Mount John, on the River Kongni,
Mann, 1794!
4. G. longiflora, Stapf. A climbing shrub, 10 ft. high, quite
glabrous; branches fistular, olive-green. Leaves oblong to lanceolate,
long acuminate (acumen fine, obtuse), acute at the base, 4—6 in. long,
14-24 in. broad, chartaceous, dark above, olive-green below when dry ;
secondary nerves 6-7 on each side, very fine; petiole up to 10 lin. long.
Inflorescences corymbiform or after the falling of the lower flowers
umbelliform, rather dense, peduncle under 1 in. long; pedicels up to
3 lin. long. Calyx 2 lin, long; sepals broad, ovate-oblong, very obtuse,
ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla white; tube very slender, almost filiform,
13-21 in. long, widened at the base and twisted all along, loosely hay
in the upper part, glabrous below down to the filaments; lobes linear,
long tapering, up to 2 in. long, very wavy. Anthers 2} lin. long:
Style 1 lin. long.
Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann, 239!
5. G. glandulosa, Stapf. A climbing shrub, quite glabrous;
branches rather slender, fistular, olive-green. Leaves oblong, long and
acutely acuminate, acute or sometimes obtuse at the base, 4—54 in. long:
14-21 in. broad, chartaceous, olive-green when dry; secondary netv@
about 7 on each side, strongly curved, slender; petiole 24—4 lin. long:
rather slender. Inflorescences corymbiform, dense, about 10-flowered :
peduncle very short ; pedicels up to 3 lin. long. Calyx 14-2 lin. long>
sepals ovate to elliptic-oblong, obtuse or subobtuse, somewhat pruimose
with a few small glands inside the base. Corolla-tube 13-2} in. long;
widened and twisted at the base, scantily hairy within above the anthers ;
lobes very oblique, lanceolate, long tapering, over 1 in. long. Anthers
almost 3 lin. long. Style ? lin. long.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, near Regent, Scott-Elliot, 5821 !
To this species belong probably also specimens collected on the Aburi Hills by
Johnson (477 !), and near Kwahu, Jchnson (669 !), Gold Coast Colony. Both ber
intracalycular glands, and the first agrees with the Sierra Leone specimens in er
respects except the much reduced inflorescence, slightly smaller calyx-segments ~
thinner durk green leaves ; the other has, however, comparatively broad leaves wit
short subcbtuse tips, petioles up to 7} lin. long and still smaller calyx-regments.
6. G. eglandulosa, Stapf. A climbing shrub, perfectly glabrous+
young branches terete, compressible, sometimes fistular, olive-gree?
Gabunia. | LXXX1V. APOCYNACEH (STAPF). 139
Leaves oblong, abruptly acuminate, narrowed to the base, 4-6 (rarely
to 8) in. long, 14-34 in. broad, papery, dull; secondary nerves 5-7 on
each side, strongly curved ; petiole 3—5 lin. long. Inflorescences corym-
bose or umbelliform, 7—10-flowered, rather dense; peduncle up to 13
in. long ; pedicels 2-4 lin. long. Calyx 14-2 lin. long; sepals broad,
oblong, very obtuse, ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla white, very fra-
grant; tube slender, slightly dilated near the base, more or less
twisted below, 14-1? in. long, hairy within in the upper part; lobes
very oblique, lanceolate, long tapering to an acute point, over 1 in.
long. Anthers 24-2? lin. long. Style 1 lin. long. Mericarps rather
baccate, ovoid, orange-coloured, 13-2 in. long with 2 lateral keels.—
Tabernemontana eglandulosa, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 24 partly.
Upper Guinea. [Tagos: Eppah, Barter, 3306! Yoruba; Ikirun, Willson, 12!
Var. B macrocalyx, Stapf. Calyx 33-4 lir. long.
Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Mann, 2253!
I have regarded Mann’s specimen as a variety of G@. eglandulosa, on the assump-
tion that the size of the calyx of this species varies in a similar way to that of
Callichilia Barter’. 1 cannot discover any other difference.
7. G. crispiflora, Stapf. A tall climber, perfectly glabrous;
branches terete, slender, scarcely fistular, olive-green. | Leaves oblong,
abruptly acuminate (acumen linear, obtuse, 3—5 lin. long), acute at the
base, 34-5 in. long, 14-24 in. broad, papery, glaucous above, pale olive-
green beneath when dry; secondary nerves very faint, 7-9 on each
side; petiole not flexuous, 4-1} in. long. Inflorescences few-flowered,
very shortly racemose or subumbellate ; peduncle 3-4 lin. Jong *
pedicels 4~5 lin. long. Calyx 4-44 lin. long; sepals oblong, slightly
constricted above the base, obtuse or subacuminate, recurved, ciliolate,
eglandular. Corolla-tube 14-12 in. long, quite straight, slightly
widened towards both ends, hairy within from the base of the stamens
upwards ; lobes obliquely Janceolate, long tapering, very wavy. Anthers
almost 4 lin. long. Style 14 lin. long. Mericarps obliquely ovoid with
a short broad flattened beak and 2 lateral keels, over 1 in. long ; peri-
carp thin, coriaceous. Seeds 3-4 lin. long.—Tabernemontana crispr-
Jlora, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 148. 7.
eglandulosa, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 24 partly.
Lower Guinea, Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 183!
26. CONOPHARYNGIA, D. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 94.
Calyx small (at least comparatively), subcoriaceous ; sepals united
at the base only, imbricate, obtuse, each with several minute glands
inside the base. Corolla salver-shaped, small to large, often very fleshy ;
tube cylindric, spindle- or barrel-shaped, widest at or below the middle,
Sometimes twisted, naked at the mouth, usually more or less tomentose
Inside ; lobes overlapping to the left, inflexed and descending into the
Corolla-tube in bud. Stamens in the widened part of the corolla-tube ;
anthers conniving in a cone, subsessile, included, rarely shortly exserted
iN species with a short corolla-tube, lanceolate, acute, sagittate ; tails
140 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE# (STAPF). | Conopharyngia.
solid, barren; filaments reduced to a callous swelling; filamental ridge
usually distinct. Disc 0. Carpels 2, free; style filiform to columnar,
short (at least comparatively) ; stigma cylindric, grooved, with an entire
or lobed projecting rim or short frill at the base and a minute 2-lobed
apiculus, more rarely (Sect. Leptopharyngia) elliptic or globose,
delicately papillose, not grooved, with a usually toothed rim at the
base and a conspicuous 2-fid papillose apiculus as long as or longer than
the rest of the stigma. Mericarps baccate, usually more or less globose
or ovoid, smooth, rarely keeled or warty and tardily dehiscent when
drying up. Seeds numerous, embedded in a usually fleshy pulp, more
or less ellipsoid, deeply grooved ventrally ; testa crustaceous ; endosperm
fleshy, ruminate ; cotyledons ovate, longer or shorter than the radicle.
—Trees, often tall, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, more or less coriaceous,
sometimes very large; axillary stipules distinct, very obtuse, united into
a very short tubular sheath, usually with very numerous resiniferous
glands within. Inflorescences terminal or pseudo-axillary, cory ae
rarely panicled or reduced to few-flowered cymes. Flowers large an
showy to middle-sized, rarely small, usually white and fragrant.—
Tabernemontana, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 706 partly.
Species about 25, mostly in tropical Africa, a few in the Mascarene Islands, 2in
Eastern South Africa. :
* SARCOPHARYNGIA.—Corolla-tube 3-33 in. long, fleshy. Stigma more or less cylin-
aric, grooved, with a projecting entire or lobed rim at the base and a minute apiculus.
Corolla-tube 13-33 in. long.
Corolla-tube 23-33 in. long, with the anthers inserted
14—15 lin. above the base; leaves oblong-elliptic to
oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 13-23 in. broad. 1. C. longiflora.
Corolla-tube under 23 in. long, with the anthers in-
serted 7-3 lin. above the base; leaves larger
than in C. longiflora.
Calyx 33-4} lin. long; corolla-tube 2-21 in, long,
widest 6-7 lin. above the base ; anthers 6-8 lin.
long.
Calyx 4-43 lin. long; corolla-tube very stout,
much twisted ; anthers 7-8 lin. long; style
7 lin. long : : : : :
Calyx 33-4 lin, long; corolla-tube more slender
than in the preceding species, slightly
twisted near the base, otherwise straight ;
anthers 6 lin. long; style 5-6 lin. long ., 3. C. Smithii.
Calyx 3-1} lin. long; corolla-tube 24-1} in. long,
widest 4-3 lin. above the base; anthers
4-5 lin. long.
Calyx 3-2 lin. long.
Corolla-tube 2-2} in. long; anthers 5 lin. long ;
leaves 8-12 in. long, 43-8 in. broad ; :
secondary nerves 11-12 on each side . 4. C, Thonnert.
Corolla-tube 1? lin. long ; anthers 4 lin. long;
leaves smaller or at least narrower than
in C. Thonneri; secondary nerves 9
(sometimes up toll) . : ‘ . 5. OC, durissima.
Calyx 13 lin. long . > i . : . 6. C. jollysna.
2. C. contorta,
Conopharyngia. | LXXXIV, APOCYNACEA (STAPF), 141
Corolla-tube 9-14 lin. long.
Corolla-tube very fleshy, usually much widened at the
middle.
Calyx 14-13 lin. long; corolla-tube 1 in. long,
glabrous within above the anthers;
secondary nerves 6-8 on each side. 7. C. crassa.
Calyx 2-5 lin. long; corolla-tube pubescent to
tomentose within above the anthers ; secondary
nerves 9-18 on each side.
Calyx 2—2} lin. long ; corolla-tube 9-10 lin. long,
pubostent within above the anthers, and
with gold-brown velvety lines below . . 8 C. Cumminsit.
Calyx 3~5 lin. long ; corolla-tube 12-14 lin. long,
with different indumentum inside from that
of C. Cumminsii.
Corolla-tube very stout, pubescent, densely
tomentose or villous within all over,
except a portion near the base.
Calyx 3-4 lin. long; leaves 10-15 in. long,
4-10 in. broad ; seeondary nerves 12—
15 on each side.
Leaves 12-15 in. long, 8-10 in. broad . 9. C. pachysiphon.
Leaves about 7-10 in. long, 3-4 in.
broad.
Calyx 3-33 lin. long; corolla-tube
widest at the middle, anthers in-
serted 6 lin. above its base. - 10: CHolstit.
Calyx 4 lin. long ; corolla-tube widest
below the middle, anthers inserted
43 lin. above its base . . - ll. C. angolensis.
Calyx 5 lin. long; leaves 5-7 in. long,
2-3 in. broad ; secondary nerves 9-13
on each side. . 12. C. stapfiana.
Corolla-tube more slender oc. in n the 5 pre-
ceding species, villous within near the
mouth, otherwise glabrous. . 18. C. Johnstonii.
Corolla-tube very slender, cylindric, 9-10 lin. long . 14. C. stenosiphon.
Corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long,
Inflorescences more or less corymbose on stout
peduncles from the tops of the branches, rarely
overtopped by young shoots.
Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 7-16 in, long,
3-9 in. broad ; secondary nerves 8-12 on each
side; calyx 3 iin. long . . 15. C. brachyantha.
Leaves oblong to linear- oblong. 5 8 in. “Tong,
13-23 in. broad; secondary nerves 12-16 on
each side ; calyx 2~23 lin. long . é . 16. C. usambarensis.
Inflorescences usually pseudo- axillary, subsessile . 17. C. pendulifiora.
*Labroriinexera—=Cérolla tube 1—} in. long, com-
paratively thin. Stigma ellipsoid or globose,
minutely papillose, not grooved, with a usually
toothed rim at the base and a conspicuous papillose
2-fid apiculus as long as or longer than the rest of
the stigma , - a ‘ : . 18. C. elegans,
142 LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). | Conopharyngia.
1. C. longiflora, Stapf. A tree; branches stout, terete, bark very
pallid. Leaves oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate to sub-
acuminate, acute at the base, 4—6 in. long, 13-24 in. broad, subcoriaceous;
secondary nerves 7—8 on each side; petiole 3-6 lin. long. Inflorescences
4-2-flowered or reduced to a solitary flower, generally from the branch-
forks or pseudo-axillary ; peduncle stout, 1-1} in. long; bracts ovate,
small, more or less caducous; pedicels stout, 6-8 lin. long. Calyx
4—5 lin. long ; sepals broad-ovate, very obtuse, ciliolate, with numerous
basal glands within. Corolla white or cream-coloured, fragrant ; tube
cylindric, widened below the middle, sometimes slightly twisted,
23-31 in. long,densely pubescent within, with the exception of 5 glabrous
lines below the stamens; lobes obliquely oblong, obtuse, 2—2} in. long,
minutely puberulous on both sides near the base. Stamens inserted
1-1} in. above the base of the corolla-tube; anthers long-sagittate,
7 lin. long. Style over 1 in. long; stigma cylindric with a basal ring.
Berries globose, smooth, of the size of an orange. Seeds 4 lin. long.—
Tabernemontana longiflora, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 447; Bot. Mag.
t. 4484; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 147,
fig. 55, D; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 669.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 726! Futa Jallon : Tumbo Island
in the Dubréca River, Giirich! aya, on the River Scarcies, Scott-Elliot,
4756! Sierra Leone: Waterloo, Kirk, 23! Freetown, Welwitsch, 5987! fruit,
‘718! Sugarloaf Mountain, Barter! Regent, Scott-Elliot, 4001! Ninia, Talla
Hills, Scott-Elliot, 4909! and without precise locality, Afzelius! Vogel, 151!
Whitfield !
Some ripe fruits collected by Barter have mericarps measuring in the dry state
not more than 1 in. in diameter. They are evidently much shrunk. The pericarp
is leathery, and the well developed seeds are about 4 lin, long.
2. C. contorta, Stapf. A tree, 30-40 ft. high; branches stout,
terete, greenish. Leaves elliptic or subobovate, obtuse or subacuminate,
rounded or shortly contracted at the base, 7-13 in. long, 4—7 in. broad,
subcoriaceous; secondary nerves 9-15 on each side, like the midrib
much raised below; petiole stout, 4-6 lin. long. Inflorescences sub-
-corymbose; peduncle very stout, 4 in. long; bracts ovate, caducous;
pedicels stout, up to 9 lin. long. Calyx 4-4} lin. long ; sepals roundish-
oblong, with numerous small basal glands within. Corolla white,
sweet-scented ; tube stout, much twisted, subcylindric, slightly widen
near the base, 2-24 in. long, scantily pubescent within above the
stamens, densely pubescent below towards the base and between the
filamental ridges; lobes obovate-oblong, about as long as the tube.
Stamens inserted 6-7 lin. above the base of the corolla-tube; anthers
long-sagittate, 7-8 lin.long. Style up to 7 lin. long.— 7abernemontan4
contorta, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 23.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Ambas Bay, Mann, 703! Victoria, Kalbreyer !
Deistel, 132! 151! Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker § Staudt, 203 partly! Johann
Albrecktshohe, Staudt, 796!
3. C. Smithii, Stapf. Small tree; branches stout. Leaves
elliptic or oblong, very obtuse, subacute at. the base, 7-12 in. long,
Conopharyngia.| | LXXXIV, APOCYNACEE (STAPF), 143
3-8 in. broad, coriaceous, punctate below ; secondary nerves 11-14 on
each side; veins inconspicuous; petiole stout, 3—9 lin. long. Inflorescences
corymbose ; peduncle stout, 6 in. long; bracts small, ovate, deciduous ;
pedicels up to 9 lin. long. Calyx 3-4 lin. long; sepals broad-elliptic,
very obtuse, ciliolate, with numerous minute basal glands within.
Corolla white ; tube slender, slightly over 2 in. long, somewhat twisted
below, otherwise straight, widened near the base (4 lin. in diam.);
lobes oblong, obtuse, 1 in. long, 4 lin. broad, margins wavy. Stamens
inserted 7 lin. above the base; anthers sagittate, subulate-acuminate,
6 lin. long. Style 5-6 lin. long. Berries globose.—Tabernemontana
Smithii, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 305, and in De Wild. & Durand,
Contrib. Fl, Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 2, i. fase. i. 39;
De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot, sér. 3,
fase. ii. 153.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Leopoldville, Laurent ! and without precise
locality, Smith! North Angola: Chinganga (Kinganga), Dewévre, 261!
South Central. Congo Free State: basin of the Sankuru, Laurent!
Stanleyville, Dewevre, 11674!
De Wildeman & Durand quote, in Reliquie Dewevriane, Dewevre as saying
under 271 that this is sometimes a very high climber, whilst th+ Stanleyville plant
is described as urborescent. The nunber which I noted from Dewévre’s specimen
trom Chinganga was 261, not 271 as stated by De Wilde naa and Durand,
_ 4. ©. Thonneri, Stapf. A perfectly glabrous shrub, up to 15 ft.
high, with stout branches. Leaves elliptic to obovate-oblong, very
obtuse, apiculate, subacute or rounded at the base, 8-12 in. long,
43-8 in. broad, subcoriaceous, pale and punctate beneath ; secondary
nerves 11-12 on each side, usually straight up to ? of their length ;
veins inconspicuous ; petiole stout, $-1}4 in. long. Inflorescences sub-
corymbose, many-flowered, from the branch-forks ; peduncle stout,
3-4} in. long; bracts small, ovate, deciduous; pedicels up to 6 lin.
long. Calyx 2-3 lin, long; sepals elliptic, obtuse, ciliolate, with
numerous basal glands within. Corolla white, fragrant; tube rather
slender, cylindric, 2-2} in. long, widened (to 3 lin.) and twisted near
the base, tomentose within above and below the anthers; lobes oblong,
obtuse, 1-1} in. long, margins wavy. Stamens inserted 4 lin. above
the base; anthers almost 5 lin. long, sagittate, subulate-acuminate.
Style 3-34 lin. long.—TZabernamontana Thonneri, De Wild. & Durand
ex Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 306; Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann.
Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 2, i. fase. i. 39; De Wild. & Durand, Pl.
Thonner, Congol. 32, t. vii.
South Central. Congo Free State: Bogolo near Businga, on the River
Mougala, Thonner /
De Wildeman and Durand also suzgest (Contrib. Fl. Congo, l.c.) that a plant
collected near Dembo by Gillet may belong to this species. It, however, is said to
have somewhat longer, more slender corollas and a slightly shorter calyx.
5. C. durissima, Stapf. lin. long, supra-staminal part of tube campanulate or widely f unnel-
shaped, 7 lin. long, more or less puberulous within ; lobes ovate-oblong,
acuminate, 8-9 lin. long; throat-scales filiform from a triangular base,
2-7 lin, long, deep purple. Anthers glabrous, acuminate, terminating
in a fine bristly point, 34 lin. long. Follicles 7 in. long, attenuate
almost from the base, obtuse, densely verrucose with numerous lenticels.
Seeds linear-oblong, 5 lin. long, densely silky, yellowish; awn naked
for 1}-1} in., plume 14 in. long —Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 6715
Payrau, Strophanthus, 94-96, 162, with figs. S. Welwitschii, K. Schum,
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Ergiinz. Heft, i. 59; Gilg in Engl.
Jahrb. xxxii. 157, 162. Zygonerion Welvitschii, Bail. in Bull. Soc.
Linn. Paris, i. 758.
_ Lower Guinea. Angola: between Pungo Andongo and the Cuanza, Wel-
witsch, 5991 low forest between Cazella and Luxiilo, Welwitsch, 5926! Malange,
184 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE (STAPF). | Strophanthus.
Marques! Huilla ; Morro de Lopollo, Welwitsch, 5990! Chitanda River, between
Goudkopje and Katzele, 4000 ft., Baum, 177!
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu ; Stevenson Road, Carson,
in Herb. Scott-Elliot, 8316!
A specimen from Fwambo collected by Carson in 1889, differs from 8316 of
Scott-Elliot’s collection in having smaller flowers on long slender shoots, which
spring direct from the ground, There is no other difference, and I suppose it
represents merely a starved state.
24. S. Schuchardti, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 371. A shrub
4—5 ft. high, with a hemispheric top, very much branched ; branches
tomentose when young, dark brown, dotted with lenticels. Leaves
ovate, obtuse or very obscurely acuminate, truncate or subcordate at
the base, about 1-1} in. long, ?-1 in. broad, thick, softly tomentose on
both sides; secondary nerves 5-6 on each side, faint; veins incon-
spicuous; petiole 1-2 lin. long. Cymes terminal, sessile, few- to
1-flowered, tomentose ; bracts lanceolate, 1—2 lin. long, early deciduous ;
pedicels up to 6 lin. long. Calyx tomentose, 24-3 lin. long; sepals
> <9
“
lanceolate or linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute. Corolla bright purple
outside ; limb orange inside, finely puberulous without ; infra-staminal
part of tube 14-2 lin. long, supra-staminal part tubular-campanulate,
4—5 lin. long ; lobes caudate-linear from an ovate base, 9 lin. long;
throat-scales small, lanceolate-linear, glabrous. Anthers shortly
acuminate. Ovary hairy.—Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 sé?-
v. 276; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182; Hiern
in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 671; Payrau, Strophanthus, 97-100, 163,
with figs.; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 154.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Lopollo and between Ferrao da Sola and
Nene, Welwitsch, 5992!
Payrau describes and figures the seeds as lanceolate-oblong, rounded at the base,
gradually tapering at the upper end, slightly reddish-drab, velvety, 54-6} lin. long,
with an awn 5 in, long of which one half or slightly more forms the plume.
25. S. Demeusei, 4. Dewevre in Journ. Pharm. Anvers, 1894, 8
(of the reprint). A climber, quite glabrous (except the corolla) ; branches
brown, dotted with lenticels. Leaves ovate, 34-4 in. long, 13-2} iD.
broad, rounded at the base, subacuminate, thin, membranous ; secondai
nerves 5-6 on each side, not raised ; reticulation faint ; petiole 4—6 lin.
long. Cymes terminal (or subterminal ?) on lateral branches, peduncl ’
2—4-flowered ; peduncle slender, often curved, 3-4 lin. long; bracts
small, early deciduous ; pedicels 2-4 lin. long. Calyx 2-24 lin. longs
sepals ovate, subacuminate. Corolla puberulous outside ; infra-
staminal part of tube 2 lin. long, supra-staminal part tubular, 4 li
long ; lobes attenuate into linear tails from a lanceolate base, 1-1} ™
long ; throat-scales linear from a broader base, 1 lin. Jong.— Durand :
Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 191; Gilg in Jahrb. xxxii. 156.
Lower Guinea. Congo Free State : Buana, 1960 ft., Demeuse, 518!
Very closely allied to S. intermedius, Pax, and perhaps not specifically distinct.
Strophanthus. | LXXXIV, APOCYNACE# (STAPF). 185
26. S. intermedius, Pax in Engl. Juhrb. xv. 375. An arboreous
shrub or a climber, quite glabrous (except the corolla); branches
reddish-brown, dotted with minute lenticels. Leaves ovate, 2-3 in.
long, 14-14 in. broad, rounded or subacute at the base, acuminate,
thin; membranous; secondary nerves 5-6 on each side, not raised ;
reticulation faint; petiole 4 lin. long. Cymes terminal, subsessile,
few- to 1-flowered; bracts early deciduous ; pedicels 3-4 lin. long.
Calyx 24 lin. long ; sepals ovate, acuminate. Corolla deep purple and
minutely puberulous outside, orange inside ; infra-staminal part of tube
1)-2 lin. long, supra-staminal part wide, tubular, 5-6 lin. long; lobes
attenuate from a lanceolate base into linear tails, 1}-1} in. long ;
throat-scales linear from a broader base, 1 lin. long. Follicles woody,
conical, obtuse (Welwitsch}.—Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 sér.
v. 287; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 671; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb.
Xxxhi. 156.
Lower Guinea. Angola: (iolungo Alto; Mountains of Alto Queta, Welwitsch,
5999 !
27. S. congoensis, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. vii.324. A much
branched small tree, quite glabrous; branches slender, brown, often
once or twice forked. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1}—3 in. long,
1-1? in. broad, rounded or subcordate at the base, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, thin, but rather firm; secondary nerves ++ on each side ;
velns inconspicuous. Cymes terminal, shortly peduncled, few-flowered ;
bracts scarious, ovate, acuminate ; pedicels short. Calyx 15-2 lin,
long; sepals ovate, acute. Corolla glabrous; infra-staminal Romig
of tube 2 lin. long, supra-staminal part tubular-campanulate, 43-9 lin.
long ; lobes ovate, suddenly constricted into a linear tail 5—6 lin. long ;
throat-scales subulate, 11 lin. long. Anthers glabrous, shortly acum-
inate. Ovary glabrous.—Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. V.
288; Payrau, Strophanthus, 131, with fig.; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb.
XXxli. 156,
Lower Guinea. French Congo: by the River Ogowe, Thollon.
28. S. amboensis, Hngl. ¢| Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 31. A
very much branched glabrous shrub; old branches grey, rough, Rowe:
Ing ones often repeatedly forked, short, brown, dotted with sma
lenticels. Leaves ovate, 11-13 in. long, $—} in. broad, rounded or acute
at the base, acuminate, firm, membranous ; secondary nerves about » on
each side, like the veins faint, but rather distinct ; petiole 2 lin. long.
Cymes terminal, often on very short lateral branches, shortly
peduncled or subsessile, few- to 1-flowered ; bracts small, lanceolate ;
pedicels up to 3 lin. long. Calyx 2-2} lin. long; segments oblong-
lanceolate. Corolla glabrous without; infra-staminal part of tube 2
lin. long, brownish-red, gradually passing into the funnel-shaped or su
tubular supra-staminal part 6-8 lin. long; lobes lanceolate, attenuate
into linear bright yellow tails, 2 in. long; throat-scales short, linear-
oblong, puberulous. Anthers glabrous, tapering into a long fine
186 LXXXIV. APOCYNACES (STAPF). | Strophanthus.
point, 3-3} lin. long. Ovary glabrous.—Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, 3 sér. v. 289; K.Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
182. S. petersianus, var. amboensis, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver.
Brandenb. xxx. 259; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 156.
Lower Guinea. Angola: in forests by the River Cunene, Schinz! near
Chihinde, 4000 ft., Baum, 59! and without precise locality, Herb. Ferreira. 459!
(yerman South-west Africa: Amboland, Schinz ; Hereroland, Giirick, 25.
Imperfectly known species.
29. S. asper, Oliv. ex L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 61. Seeds whitish,
hairy all over (hairs 1 lin. long), 8 lin. long, obtuse at the base; awn
2} in. long, naked for } in. from the base, hairs of the plume short,
erect.—S. laineux du Zambezxe, Blondel, Stroph. du Comm. 51; Pax
in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 384; Payrau, Strophanthus, 101-103, with figs.
Mozamb. Dist. Zambesi Region, Elborne.
Pax suggests that the seeds might belong to S. petersianus.
30. S. minor, Christy ex Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 381, 384, 386.
Follicles very slender, 1-13 ft. long, 73 lin. in diam.; light brown.
Seeds 4-7 lin. long or longer, obtuse at the base, brown to greenish,
pale or dark, minutely pubescent, at length glabrous; awn naked for
1? in. from the base; plumose part 2 in. long, hairs of plume 1 in. long.
—Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 sér. v. 252; L. Planch. Prod.
Apoc. 44-49, figs. 3, 4, 5; Payrau, Strophanthus,,82-84. S. Niger,
Christy in Pharm. Journ. and Trans. xx. (1889), 318. S. dw Niger,
Blondel, Stroph. du Comm. 26.
Upper Guinea. Niger Territory, Gold Coast ?
Pax suggests that S. minor is identical with S. scaber.
31. S. mirabilis, Gily in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 159. A shrub,
43-6 ft. high ; branches divaricate, numerous, brown and sparingly
crispo-pubescent when young, soon glabrescent, at length greyish
brown ; internodes very short. Leaves oblong, rounded at the tips;
acute at the base, 7}-10 lin. long, 24-4 lin. broad, more or less
chartaceous, minutely crispo-puberulous when quite young, : soon
sparingly scabridulous or quite glabrous; nerves and veins very incon:
spicuous ; petiole $3 lin. long. Flowers solitary on the ends of the
branches and branchlets; bracts 14 lin. long, lanceolate or lineal-
lanceolate ; pedicels very short. Calyx 4—41 lin. long, densely covered
outside with minute greyish hairs; sepals foliaceous, spathulate-oblong;
obtuse. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped to campanulate, sparingly 2
minutely pubescent, 54 lin. long, 3 lin. wide at the mouth ; lobes broad-
ovate, 23-3 lin. long, gradually passing into the linear somewhat fleshy
recurved tails which are 1}-1} in. long; throat-scales fleshy, lines
13-2 lin.long. Follicles narrow, 7-10 in. long, 5-64 lin. thick, streak
with white; tips knob-shaped. ‘
~ Wile Land. Galla Country: Gave Libin, near Wonte and Anole, near the
Ganale River, 500-600 ft, in dense bush, Ellenbeck, 2205 !
Strophanthus. } ‘LXXXIV. APOCYNACE# (STAPF). 187
Gilg says that this species occupies an isolated position in the genus. Not
having seen it myself when the key was drawn up, I placed the species here.
Since then I have been able to examine an authentic specimen, and have no doubt
that it comes nearest to S. gracilis.
32. S. sp., Heckel in Ann. Inst. Colon. Marseille, iv. 201-208, with
plate. Follicles cylindric, obtuse, subemarginate, 6 in. long, 1-1} in.
in diam. when closed, almost smooth. Seeds oblong, shortly acumi-
nate, velvety, reddish-brown, 6-7 lin. long, 2-23 lin. broad ; awn
1{-1} in. long, naked part 2-24 lin. long; hairs 1}-1} in. long.—
Strophanthus d@ Autran, Heckel, |.c.; Payrau, Strophanthus, 109-110,
with figs.
Lower Guinea, (taboon: Guégué, near Libreville, Autran.
33. S. sp., Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 384. Follicles 7-10 in.
long, 21 in. broad, greyish-brown to brown, very hard. Seeds brown,
obtuse at the base or subobtuse, 6-64 lin. long; awn 24-2} in. long,
the naked part longer than the plumose.—Awrzfriichtiyer Strophanthus,
Pax, lc.
A drug imported, according to Pax, from West Africa, Lake Victoria, Kili-
manjaro and the Mozambique Coast.
34. S. sp., Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 385. Follicles 10-12 in. long,
slender, brownish, moderately hard. Seeds greenish-brown, very acute
at the base, 10 lin. long; awn plumose from the base, 10 lin. long;
hairs 10-15 lin. long.—Senegal Strophanthus, Pax, l.c.
Upper Guinea. Upper Senegal.
35. S. sp. Helbiny in Pharm. Journ. xvii. (1887), 748. Seeds
similar to those of S. Kombe, but more densely covered with looser,
longer, almost white silky hairs.—‘ White Strophanthus,” Helbing, 1.c.
Mozamb. Dist. Shire Highlands.
31. ISONEMA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 712.
Calyx small, subcoriaceous ; sepals 5, almost free, imbricate, acute,
alternating with large 2—3-partite glands. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube
naked at the mouth, cylindric ; lobes with a lateral crisp lobe on the
inner (left) side, inflexed in bud, overlapping to the right. Stamens
inserted near the mouth of the corolla; anthers conniving in a
cone, exserted, lanceolate, sagittate, wings thin with thick incurved
margins; tails slender, acute ; foot of connective rather flat with a dense
tuft of hairs in the centre; filaments filiform, short, passing into long
thin much projecting hairy ridges on the corolla-tube. Disc 0. Carpels
2, free ; style filiform, long ; stigma capitate, 5-grooved, viscous, with a
reflexed frill at the base, and a small 2-lobed apiculus, agglutinated to
the hair-tuft of the anthers; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Mericarps
follicular, cylindric, slender, divaricate; placenta much intruding.
188 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE®. (STAPF). | Jsonema.
Seeds narrow, linear-oblong, compressed, with an apical and a smaller
basal tuft of hairs, not known in the mature state (immature embryo
with flat cotyledons).—Glabrous or hairy climbing shrubs. Leaves
opposite ; secondary nerves conspicuously looping below the margin,
distant ; axillary stipules 0; axillary glands 0 or obscure. Flowers 1n
terminal pyramidal panicles, middle-sized.
Species 3, endemic.
Young branches rusty tomentose ; leaves hirsute
below.
Corolla-tube funnel-shaped ; ovary nearly quite
glabrous . : : : : : . 1. TF. infundibuliflorum,
Corolla-tube cylindric; ovary tomentose. . 2. I, Smeathmanni.
Young branches minutely puberulous ; leaves
glabrous = i ‘ ‘ ‘ : . 3. L. Buchholzii.
1. I. infundibuliflorum, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 306. A
small shrub, about 3 ft. high; young branches brownish tomentose,
later on glabrescent, at length blackish. Leaves oblong, acutely acumr
nate, rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, coriaceous,
glabrous above, sparingly hirsute on the nerves below ; secondary nerves
5-6 on each side, prominent below; petiole 2 lin. long. Panicles
solitary or 3 from the branch-tops, 1-14 in. long, short, rufo-tomentose ;
lower branches with 3-6 flowers; upper more reduced ; peduncle i
in. long; bracts minute, caducous; pedicels 2 lin. long. Calyx 1} lin.
‘ong, puberulous; sepals ovate, acuminate. Corolla red with yellow
borders, minutely tomentose without; tube funnel-shaped, 4 lin. long;
lobes 3 lin. long, lateral appendix large. Stamens 3} lin. long. Ovary
tops sparingly hairy.—Stapf in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo
i. 40; De Wild. & Durand, Illustr. Fl. Congo, i. v. t. lii.; K. Schum.
in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 308; De Wild. & Durand,
Relig. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. 3 sér., fase. ii. 154.
South Central. Congo Free State: Equateur (Equatorville ?), Deweere,
554! Coquilhatville, Schlechter, 12602.
2. I. Smeathmanni, Reem. ¢: Schultes, Syst. Veg. iv. 401. A
more or less hairy climber; young branches rusty tomentose, ultimately
glabrate and blackish, terete. Leaves oblong, cuspidate or subacum
nate, rounded or very slightly cordate at the base, generally 3—4 In
long, 14~-1{ in. broad, coriaceous, hairy on the midrib above, more OF
less hirsute on the nerves and often between them below, at Jength often
glabrescent ; secondary nerves about 6 on each side, much raised below;
petiole 3-3 lin. long. Panicles narrow, stiff, rusty tomentose; peduncle
rather stout, 1-1} in. long; bracts small, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate ;
pedicels from very short to 3 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long ; sepals bro®
ovate, acute, pubescent. Corolla reddish, pubescent outside; tube
cylindric, 4 lin. long; lobes oblong, 3 lin. long; lateral appendag®
small. Anthers 14 lin. Jong. Ovary tomentose. Follicles velvety;
yellowish-brown, 5-6 in. long. Seeds 7 lin. long; apical tuft 2 in- long,
Isonema. | LXXXIV, APOCYNACES: (STAPF). 189
yellowish-brown,— A. DC, Prod. viii. 415; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl.
450; K. Schum. in Eng]. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 184, fig. 61, E.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 912! Samu Country, Scott-Elliot,
4305! Sierra Leone : Bagru River, Mann, 824! Kareni to Port Lokko, Scoté-
Elliot, 5814! Wiberia: Grand Bassa, Vogel, 65! Ansell! and without precise
locality, Millen, 199! Gold Coast, Burton !
3. I. Buchholzii, “Hngl. in Lngl. Jahrb. vii. 340. An almost
glabrous climber, 10-20 ft. high; branches terete, dark brown or black
in a dry state, minutely rusty puberulous when young, soon quite
glabrous. Leaves elliptic or oblong, abruptly and shortly acuminate,
rounded at the base, 24-34 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous,
shiny above ; secondary nerves about 5-6 on each side, rather promi-
nent; petiole 2-3 lin. long. Panicles pyramidal or subcorymbose,
puberulous, mostly very loose, up to 6 in. long and broad: peduncle
lin. long or hardly any; bracts very small, ovate; pedicels 2 lin. long
or shorter. Calyx 1 lin. long, minutely pubescent; sepals ovate-
lanceolate. Corolla red, very minutely pubescent outside; tube 4 lin.
long; lobes: oblong, 24 lin. long; lateral appendage rather large.
Anthers 1 lin. long. Ovary tomentose.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 184.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon River, Mann, 744! 2211! Mungo,
Buchholz! Johann AlbrechtshGhe, Staudt, 481!
Mann describes the corolla as red, Engler as white.
32, FUNTUMIA, Stapf in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1900, 2, and in Hook.
Ie. Pl. tt. 2694-2695.
Calyx small, subcoriaceous, with flattened glands inside the base ;
Sepals 5, imbricate, almost free, broad, more or less obtuse. Corolla
salver-shaped ; tube widened at or just above the middle, very thick and
fleshy in the upper part; mouth very narrow, naked ; lobes linear to
oblong, overlapping to the right. Stamens 5, inserted at the middle of
the corolla-tube; filaments very short, stout; anthers conniving in
@ cone, included, lanceolate, acuminate, sagittate; appendages about as
long as the polliniferous part, stout, shortly tailed; foot of connective
broad, convex, with a tongue-shaped projection from the middle and a
‘inutely tomentose cushion below passing over the filament into the
hairy filamental ridge. Disc tubular, 5-lobed or 5-partite, fleshy.
Carpels free, truncate, abruptly contracted into the style, exserted
from or shorter than the disc; style filiform ; stigma ovoid-clavate,
»-grooved, obscurely apiculate, adnate to the projection of the foot of
the connective, profusely exuding glutinous matter; ovules numerous,
multiseriate, Mericarps 2, follicular, divaricate, oblong to spindle-
Shaped, coriaceous or woody. Seeds spindle-shaped with a plumose
awn; endosperm fleshy, thin; cotyledons contortuplicate.—
©€8, sometimes very tall. Leaves opposite, coriaceous ; axillary
190 LXXXIV, APOCYNACE& (STAPF). [ Funtumia.
stipules 0; axillary glands small, numerous. Flowers small or middle-
sized, in congested axillary cymes, whitish or yellowish.
Species 3, endemic,
Flower-buds cylindric, 7-9 lin. long; corolla-lobes
linear, distinctly longer than the tube. . - Ll. # africana,
Flower-buds conical, 3-6 lin. long; corolla-lobes
oblong, shorter than the tube.
Corolla-tube glabrous without, constricted near the
base; disc exceeding the ovary, 5-crenulate. 2. F, elastica.
Corolla-tube very minutely pubescent without,
constricted just below the middle; disc
shorter than the ovary, 5-lobed . = . 3&8. F. latifolia.
1, F. africana, Stapf in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1900, 2. A tree 15-80 ft.
high; trunk cylindric; bark grey, smooth; branchlets terete or com-
pressed below the nodes, more or less black when dry. Leaves oblong,
rarely ovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate, attenuated or
rounded at the base, 5—9 in. long, 14-34 in. broad; margins undulate,
quite glabrous above, usually pubescent and always efoveolate in the
leaf-axils; secondary nerves 9-10 (rarely 11) on each side, oblique;
veins obscure ; petiole 2-4 lin. long. Cymes shortly peduncled, many-
flowered, dense, glabrous; peduncle 3 lin. long; bracts small, ovate,
acute or subacute; pedicels up to 2 lin. long. Calyx 1} lin. long;
sepals broad-ovate or elliptic, each with several glands at the base.
Corolla yellowish, subcylindric and 7-9 lin. long in bud; tube con-
stricted just below the middle, 3-4 lin. long, glabrous ; lobes linear,
5-6 lin. long. Dise 5-lobed or 5-partite, shorter than the ovary.
Follicles spindle-shaped, acutely acuminate, semiterete, sides slightly
keeled. Seeds 6-8 lin. long; awn 14-13? in. long, naked at the base,
hairs 24 lin. long.—Stapf in Hook. Ic. Pl. tt. 2696-2697 ; Schlechter,
Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 236; De Wild. in Rev. Cult. Colon. x.
(1902), 74. Kickxia africana, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1276; Henriques
in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 141; Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 90, and in
Kew Bulletin, 1895, 244, with plate (excl. the fruit); K. Scbum. 1
Notizbl. Kénigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 217-221 with figures (excl. the
fruit); Warb. in Tropenpfl. i. 99-103 with figures (excl. the fruit) ;
Lecomte in Rev. Cult. Colon. i. 12-19, 41-47, figs. 1 and 2; Preuss?
‘Tropenpfi. iii. 65-71; Jumelle, Les Plant. & Caoutch. 68-73, fig. 10 (excl.
the fruit); Preuss in Notizbl. Kénigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, ii. 353-360,
t. 2; De Wild. in Rev. Cult. Colon. vii. 633, 634 and 747; Schlechter
in Tropenpf. iv. 326-330, and 41, 158, 160, 194, 202, 206, 235, 236, 288
(with fig.), 307; Vilb. in Warb. Plant. & Caoutch, 201, fig. 14
K. africana, vars. Klainii and iners, Pierre ex Stapf in Hook. Te. Pl.
tt. 2696-2697. K. Zenkeri, K. Schum. in Notizbl. Kénigl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin, iii, 81. X. Gilletii, De Wild. in Rev. Cult. Colon. vii. 744.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Kukuna, on the Scarcies River, Scott-
Elliot, 4506! Bagru River, Mann, 817! and without precise locality, Haydon!
Ivory Coast: Daban, Jolly, 174! 1691! Gold Coast; Sehwhi (Sefwhi) and Wam
District, Armitage ! Koforidua, Johnson, 434! East Akim, Johnson, 692! Togo: ™
forest on Amedjove Mountain, Schlechter, 12979 (ex Schumann) ; very commo? ul
Funtumia. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACE& (STAPF), 191
the forests of the Agome Mountains, and in the Boem country, ex Schlechter.
Southern Nigeria: Bonny, Kalbreyer, 82! Opobo, Holland, 157! Adiabo, Holland,
294! Cross River, at Itu, Holland, 5! and at Ekure, Holland, 160! Cameroons :
forest near Victoria, Preuss, 1382! Bipinde, Zenker, 2280! 2280a! Upper basin
of the Mungo River, ex Schlechter. Fernando Po, Mann!
Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Libreville, K/aine, 662! Lower Congo: Kisantu,
Gillet !
The rubber obtained from this species is sticky like birdlime, and therefore
worthless,
2. F. elastica, Stapf in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1900,2. A tree, up to
100 ft. high ; trunk erect, cylindric; bark pale, spotted; branchlets
terete, blackish when dry. Leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, acumi-
nate, attenuate at the base, 5-9 in. long, 11-24 in. broad, undulate,
quite glabrous, foveolate in the leaf axils ; secondary nerves 7~11 on each
side, oblique; veins inconspicuous; petiole 2~5 lin. long. Cymes
shortly peduncled, many-flowered, dense, glabrous ; peduncle up to 3 lin.
long ; bracts small, broad-ovate, obtuse or subacute ; pedicels 14—24 lin.
long. Calyx 2-21 lin. long; sepals very broad, ovate or rotundate ;.
intracalycular glands usually 2 with each sepal. Corolla white or
yellowish, conical in bud, up to 6 lin. long; tube constricted above the
base, 34-4 lin, long, glabrous without ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 24-3 lin.
long. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube. Disc
»-partite; segments crenate, slightly exceeding the ovary. Follicles.
oblong-clavate when closed, obtuse or rotundate at the apex, woody,
obscurely keeled along the sides, 6 in. long. Seeds 6-9 lin. long; awn
1}~23 in. long, naked to the middle, hairs up to 2} lin. long.—Schlechter,
Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 236; Stapf in Hook. Ie. Pl. tt. 2694—
95; De Wild. in Rev. Cult. Colon. x. 74-76. Kickaia elastica, Preuss.
in Notizbl. Kénigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, ii. 353~360, t. i.; Warburg,
Kautschukpfl. 112, 153 and Plant. 4 Caoutch. 205; Vilb. in Warb.
Plant. 4 Caoutch. 204, fig. 15, 206, 207; Schlechter in Tropenpfl. iv. 109—
120; De Wild. in Rev. Cult. Colon. vii. 633, 634, 743-747. XK.
Yricana, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 244, with plate (the fruit:
only); K. Schum. in Notizbl. Kinigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 217-221
with plate (the fruit only); Warb. in Tropenfi. i. 99-103 with plate
(the fruit only) ; Lecomte in Rev. Cult. Colon. i. 12-19, 41-47, fig. 2
(the fruit only); Jumelle, Les Plant. 4 Caoutchouc, 68-73, fig. 10
(fruit only); Thonner in De Wild. & Durand, Pl. Thonner. Congol.
xu. ; Henriques, Der Kautschuk, 18, t.iii.; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 110-
112 and Plant. & Caoutch. 200-205 partly ; not of Benth.
, Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Mampong Hills, Johnson, 255! Sehwhi
(Sefwhi) and Wam Districts, Armitage! Ashanti : Assin-Yan-Kumassi, Cummins,
Lagos: Jebu District, Millen, 178! Ibadan, Oludi! forests between
Ishagamo and Ibadan, Schlechter, 12319! and without precise locality, Punch !
Denton! Southern Nigeria: Old Calabar, Holland, 162! Lloyd! Abarogba, on
the Cross River, Holland, 158! 159! 161! between Insofan and Obeyon, Holland,
243! Cameroons: right bank of the Mungo River, between Malende and Nyoke,
and between Nyoke and Moyoka, Preuss, 1381! forests on the Upper Mungo River
192 ‘LXXXIV. APOCYNACEE (STAPF). [ Funtumia.
as far as the Bakossi Mountains, Schlechter ; plentiful in the basin of the Ngoko
{Goko), and Dscha (Jah) Rivers, Schlechter, 12746 !
South Central. Congo Free State: Ubangi District ; Libenge, on the River
Lopore, Mardulier ! North of the Congo at Ngali, Thonner, 13! and without precise
locality, Laurent, 3036! basin of the Upper Ituri, Arnold !
This is one of the most important rubber trees of Africa, concerning which much
information can be found in Schlechter’s Westafr. Kautschuk-Expedition. Some of
the fruits collected by Holland at Abarogba are remarkably small. Considering the
difficulty of distinguishing F. elastica from F. africana and F. latifolia in the
absence of flowers or fruits it may be useful to point out that the presence of
minute pits (acarodomitia) in the nerve axils on the underside of the leaves
of F, elastica and their absence in the other species is a convenient and, as it
seems, reliable character. Mr. J. H. Holland, who first called my attention to
it, found it very useful in the field.
3. F. latifolia, Stapf ex Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 236.
A tree about 50 ft. high; trunk straight, up to more than 3 ft. in
diam. ; branchlets somewhat compressed in the upper part, otherwise
terete, very minutely pubescent or almost glabrous, blackish when dry.
Leaves oblong, lanceolate-oblong or elliptic, abruptly acuminate,
rounded, acute or cuneate at the base, 6-10 in. long, 24-4 in. broad,
minutely pubescent in bud, soon quite glabrous, margins undulate ;
nerve-axils efoveolate; secondary nerves 10-15 on each side; veins”
obscure; petiole 3-5 lin. long. Cymes shortly peduncled, many-
flowered, dense, very minutely pubescent ; peduncle 2-3 lin. long;
bracts small, ovate, acute or subacute ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Calyx
14-1} lin. long; sepals ovate, subacute, sparingly and minutely pubes-
cent on the back, each with two glands at the base. Corolla white,
more or less delicately velvety without, short, conical or subcylindric
and 6 lin. long in bud; tube constricted just below the middle,
3-4 lin. long; lobes oblong, obtuse, 24-4 lin. long. Stamens inserted
at the middle of the corolla-tube. Dise 5-lobed ; lobes entire or crenu-
late, broadly rotundate, surrounding the ovary to 2 of its height.
Follicles lanceolate when closed, acute, 5—6 in. long, laterally acutely 2-
carinate, thin, woody. Seeds 9-10 lin. long, more or less covered wit
long and somewhat deciduous silky hairs; awn 11-12 lin. long, hairs
2-in. long.—Stapf in Hook. Ic. Pl. sub tt. 2694-2695. Kickxia latifolia,
Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 307 and in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib.
FI. Congo, i. 42; De Wild. & Durand, l.c., fase. ii. 41; Preuss
Notizbl. Konig]. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 353-359, fig. A-H ; Schlechter 1
Tropenpfl. iv. 30 and Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 63, 64, 125 with
fig., 236, 307; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 112 and Plant. & Caoutch. 205; De
Wild. in Rev. Cult. Colon. vii. 633, 634; De Wild. & Durand, Reliq-
Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. iii. fase. i. 157 ; Vilb. in Warb.
Plant. 4 Caoutch. 205, fig. 16, 207. K. Scheffleri, K. Schum. in N otizbl.
Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 81. X. congolana, De Wild. in Rev. Cult.
Colon. vii. 745.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo : Kisantu, Gillet, 387 !
South Central. Congo Free State: along the River Congo at Bangals,
Dewevre, 867! near New Antwerp, Duchesne, 14! and near Coqu'lhatville, Gentil:
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EDITED BY
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K.C.M.G., C.LE., LL.D., F.RB.S.,
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD;
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Funtumia.]} LXXXIV, APOCYNACEH (STAPF). 193
Schlechter, 12596. Lake Leopold II. District; Kutu Ibali, Kiri Valley, Bolle!
Delhez Mission, Delhez ! near Lusambo, on the River Sankuru, Luja !
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar: Dunga Estate, Lyne ! German East Africa:
Usambara; Lutindi, Holst, 3380! Derema, Scheffler, 176 !
This species does not seem to yield any serviceable rubber.
33. MASCARENHASIA, A. DC.; Benth. et Hook.
fi Gone Plo V2
Calyx small, herbaceous, multiglandular inside the base; sepals
almost free, imbricate, ovate or oblong. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube
cylindric, generally suddenly constricted below the insertion of the
stamens, mouth naked ; lobes 5, oblong, induplicate-valvate, straight or
twisted in bud. Stamens inserted near the mouth or at or below the
middle of the corolla-tube ; filaments very short ; anthers lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, sagittate, appendages as long as or longer than
the polliniferous part, tailed; foot of the connective glabrous, chan-
nelled above, with a tongue-shaped projection from the middle, hairy
below. Disc large, tubular or cup-shaped, shortly 5-lobed or divided
into 5 glands, 4 of which are connate in pairs. Carpels 2, free, exserted
from or shorter than the disc ; style filiform ; stigma oblong or cylindric
with a papillose rim at the base and a minute bifid apiculus, tightly
attached to the foot of the connective; ovules numerous, pluriseriate.
Mericarps follicular, linear, slender, divaricate. Seeds linear-oblong,
rather obtuse at both ends with an apical coma; endosperm scanty or
9; cotyledons linear or oblong, slightly undulate in cross section ;
radicle cylindric.—Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite; axillary
stipules 0 ; axillary glands obscure. Flowers usually conspicuous,
pink or purple, solitary or in few-flowered fascicles, terminal or pseudo-
axillary,
Species 12-15, all but 2 in Madagascar.
Leaves narrowly oblong, 33-51 in. long, 3-1 in.
broad ; corolla up to 8 lin. long ; dise slightly 5-
ee
Leaves oblong, 3-10 in. long, 13-21 in. broad ; corolla
up to 6 lin. long; dise of 5 glands, distinct or
connate in pairs : - : : :
1. MW. variegata.
2. M. elastica.
1. M, variegata, Britten d: Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2,
Bot. iv. 26, t. vi. Jigs. 1-8.—A glabrous shrub ; branches terete, pallid.
aves narrowly oblong, obtuse or obscurely acuminate, acute at the
©, 34-5} in. long, 311 in. broad, coriaceous, glaucous, at least when
Mature ; secondary nerves about 8 on each side, very faint ; petiole
tad In. long. Cymes few-flowered or reduced to a single flower, sub-
Sessile ; bracts minute ; pedicel 2—3 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long ;_seg-
ments ovate, subacute. Corolla-tube constricted at the middle, 4-5 lin.
“ > lobes ovate, acuminate, 3 lin. long, densely villous witbin. Dise
OL, ry, : oO
194 LXXXIV., APOCYNACEE (STAPF). [ Mascarenhasia,
longer than the ovary, slightly 5-lobed. Carpels and style fulvo-
puberulous.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft.,
Whyte, 108!
2. Mf. elastica, K. Schum. in Notizbl. Kénigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
i. 268 with fig. hairy lines descending almost to the middle, glabrous below, supra-
Staminal part funnel-shaped, villous within, 9-12 lin. long; throat-
230 LXXXIV, APOCYNACEE (STAPF). | Adeniwm.
scales small, confluent and forming an obversely triangular pocket;
lobes broad ovate, shortly acuminate and conspicuously cuspidate.
Anthers 3 lin. long, densely villous; apical tails exserted. Follicles
reflexed, spindle-shaped, finely tomentose, 7 in. long. Seeds 6 lin.
long, coma 15 lin. long.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa; Lower Zambesi; Tete, Peters +
opposite Sena, Kirk, 97! Sena Hill, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland:
between Matope and Livingstonia, Scott !
Probably also near Delagoa Bay and in the Transvaal.
43. PACHYPODIUM, Lindl.; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Pl. ii. 722.
Calyx small, herbaceous, eglandular within; sepals 5, ovate or Jan-
ceolate. Corolla salver-shaped, with the cylindric tube widened below
the middle, constricted at the base, or funnel-shaped to campanulate
with a short cylindric basal tube, naked at the mouth ; lobes 5, twisted,
overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted abcve the constriction ;
filaments very short, flattened ; anthers conniving in a cone, included,,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate or acute, sagittate ; appendages longer or
shorter than the polliniferous part ; tails sometimes very short ; foot of
the connective channelled and glabrous above, with a tongue-shaped
projection and sometimes a brush-like cushion below, decurrent on the:
filament and passing into the hairy filamental ridges. Dise cupular,
slightly 5-lobed or replaced by 2-5 distinct glands, Carpels 2, free;
style filiform, short; stigma subcylindric with an annular rim oF
membrane at the base, very obscurely and obtusely 2-lobed ; ovules
numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular, 2, erect or spreading,
elongate, spindle-shaped. Seeds oblong, with an apical coma ; endo-
sperm scanty ; cotyledons ovate-cordate, flat ; radicle short.—Succulent
shrubs, sometimes with a much swollen trunk. ‘Leaves in spirals, sub-
sessile, stipulate; stipules transformed into rigid spines or the leaves
suppressed with the exception of a terminal rosette, and the spinous
stipules crowded more or less irregularly on the swollen branches.
Cymes terminal, few- or many-flowered, sessile or peduncled; flowers:
pink, white, or yellow.
Species 12, 1 in tropical Africa ; 5 in South Africa, 6 in Madagascar.
1. P. Lealii, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 43, t. xvi. A shrub,
10-15 ft. high, full of a watery, resinous and viscid juice, covered with
pairs of rigid spines. Trunk succulent, 2-3 ft. in circumference neal
the base, grey, sparingly branched from the middle; young branchlets
and spines purplish. Leaves in spirals, few, usually only near the tips
of the young branchlets, oblong-lanceolate, scarcely 1 lin. long, me”
branous, with a strong midrib terminating in a subulate acumen, S00P
deciduous; stipules spiny, 1-11 in. long. Cymes many-flowere@,
glabrous, up to 6-7 in. in diam. ; peduncle stout, of variable length ;
pedicels stout, 14-4 lin. long; bracts scale-like, triangular, acute, S00?
deciduous Calyx glabrous 14-2 lin. long; sepals ovate, acuminate,
Pachypodium. | LXXXIV, APOCYNACE (STAPF). 231
Corolla sweet-scented ; tube purple, cylindric, widened at the middle,
1}-1# in. long, hairy within below the stamens ; limb 24-3 in. in diam.,
white inside, pink on the back ; lobes broad, obliquely ovate, the inner
margin crisp. Anthers 44-5 lin. long. Disc cupular, slightly 5-lobed.
Follicles spreading at a right angle when mature, spindle-shaped, com-
pressed, 3—5 in. long, glabrous, Seeds obovoid, compressed, 34 lin. long,
coma 2—3 times as long.—Hiern in Cat Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 676.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Bumbo; in dry rocky thickets between Quitibe de
Baixo and Quitibe de Cima, common, 1500 ft., Welwitsch, 1510! between Umpupe
and Palmfontein, 2900 ft., Baum, 21!
OrpeER LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZR. (By N. E. Brown.)
Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx of 5 free sepals or rarely
5-lobed ; segments imbricate, usually with minute processes at their
base within. Corolla hypogynous, gamopetalous, regular, 5-lobed, re-
flexed, rotate, campanulate, infundibuliform, hypocrateriform, urceo-
late, or tubular; lobes imbricate, contorted, or valvate in sstivation,
often recurved or connate at their tips; tube within or at its mouth
Sometimes furnished with variously shaped lobules, flaps, keels, or pro-
cesses, which are distinct or connate and usually alternate with the
corolla-lobes, forming part or the whole of the corona. Stamens 5,
Inserted at or near the bottom or rarely at the middle or mouth of the
corolla-tube, alternating with the corolla-lobes; filaments sometimes
free, but’ more usually connate into a tube around. the ovary (forming,
with the anthers and their terminal appendages, the stuminal column),
with the apex of the tube often united to the dilated part of the style;
anthers not connate with each other, free or united to the dilated part
of the style, 2-celled, dehiscing by apical, longitudinal, or transverse
slits; margins of the anthers or their basal prolongations below the
pollen-cells more or less horny and wing-like (the anther-wings), usually
projecting outwards, the adjacent wings of each pair of anthers nearly
meeting and forming between them very narrow fissures leading to the
Stigmatic cavities; connectives of the anthers often produced into
membranous (or rarely fleshy or inflated) terminal appendages, or
apiculate or unappendaged ; appendages sometimes connate. Staminal-
column usually furnished with variously shaped free or more or less
connate appendages, which often have keels or processes on their inner
face and are disposed in 1-3 series, forming the corona or part of it.
Pollen-contents of each anther-cell granular or united into one or two
waxy masses formed of an indefinite number of pollen-grains, and
attached in pairs or in fours, sometimes directly, but more usually by
means of arm-like processes (the cawdicles), to each of the 5 small or
minute, horny or rarely soft, turgid or bilobed bodies (the pollen-
carriers), which rest, one on each of the 5 angles of the dilated part of
the style, the whole forming the pollinia, the masses attached to each
pollen-carrier always being derived from the cells of two different but
232 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE2 (BROWN).
adjacent anthers ; when granular, each granule is formed of 4 pollen-
grains united together, and, on the dehiscence of the anthers, the whole
is loosely contained in the horny, spoon- trumpet- or trowel-shaped or
bifid pollen-carriers. Pistil superior, formed of 2, 1-celled, many-
ovuled (very rarely 1-ovuled) carpels, free below, but with their styles
united above and dilated into a pentagonal disk, which is flat or
depressed, with or without a small, central, simple or bilobed apiculus,
or convex or pyramidal or prolonged into a short or long beak of
variable form (termed the apical part of the style in the following
descriptions), which is entire, bilobed, bifid, or dilated at the apex, or
rarely there arises from the disk 2, 5 or 7 style-like processes. On the
angles of the dilated part of the style are seated the pollen-carriers,
and immediately beneath them behind the fissures between the anther-
wings are the 5 stigmatic cavities. Ovules numerous or very rarely few
or solitary, anatropous, pendulous, imbricate in several series on the
projecting placenta. Frait of two parallel or divaricate follicles, or by
abortion of one follicle, variable in form, smooth, echinate or winged,
dehiscing by the ventral suture and usually liberating the placenta.
Seeds usually numerous, very rarely few or solitary, imbricate, flat or
cochleate usually with a broad or narrow margin, crowned with a tuft
of long silky hairs or rarely densely fringed all round with them, very
rarely without a tuft of hairs at one end; testa rather thick or sub-
crustaceous ; albumen thin or none; embryo straight, nearly or quite
tilling the seed; cotyledons flat ; radicle superior.—Herbs or shrubs
often with a tuberous rootstock or fleshy roots. Juice milky or
watery. Stems simple or branched, often twining, sometimes succulent
and leafless, with terete or angular branches, which are often toothed
or spiny at the angles. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate,
thin or fleshy. Flowers very variable in size and form, solitary oF
few or many together, in umbels, umbel-like cymes, fascicles, or
racemes, axillary, lateral between the bases of the leaves, or terminal.
A large Order of over 1800 species widely spread throughout the Tropical and
Subtropical regions of the earth, a few in the Temperate regions.
This Order is well marked by the peculiar structure of its pollen apparatus,
coronal appendages and stigma, but in other characters it is similar to Apocynaceé-
In having the pollen contents of each anther-cell combined into a waxy mass and
united by caudicles in pairs to the pollen-carriers, it is unique among Dicotyledonovs
orders, and in this character resembles the Orchidee among Monocotyledons-
The stigmas are also very remarkable, not only are there 5 stigmas or rather
stigmatic points, whilst there are only 2 carpels, but they are completely hidden
from view behind the anther-wings and can only be seen by careful dissect:on oF by
making transverse sections of the dilated part of the style ; the only openings to the
stigmas are the 5 narrow fissures formed by the contiguous anther-wings (the rigid
horny margins of the anthers). No other Order has a similar structure, a detailed
account of which and of the manner of fertilisation will be found in the Trans-
actions of the Linnean Society, ser. 2, Bot. ii. 75 and 173, tt. 16, 24-26.
The Order is of no great importance economically, many species are poisonous,
some are medicinal and the tubers of several are greeaily eaten by the natives, a8 are
likewise the fleshy stems of the tribe Stapeliee. Several species have tough fibres
that might be of economic use. The Asclepiadee are a very difficult group to
\ LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 2338
study, but they may be conveniently divided into primary groups in accordance
with the character of the pollen, which it is always necessary to examine before any
generic identification of an unknown plant of this Order can be made. The pollen
is of 4 distinct types, as follows :—1. Granular and loosely contained in the more or
less spathulate o: bifid pollen-carriers, not attached to the latter; this type
characterises the tribe Periplocee. 2. United into very minute waxy masses,
4 or 2 of which are sessile upon a very minute quadrate, pale-coloured pollen-
carrier; this type characterises the tribe Secamonee. 3. United into waxy masses,
which are opaque without a pellucid margin, usually not very minute, and are
attached in pairs by caudicles to the dark-coloured pollen-carriers ; to this type
belong the tribes Cynanchee with pendulous pollen-masses, and Marsdeniee with
erect or horizontal pollen-masses. 4. United into waxy masses which are pellucid
on one margin or at the apex, and attached in pairs by caudicles to the pollen-
carriers ; to this type the tribes Ceropegiee and Stapeliee belong.
In the following descriptions, the dimensions of the dried flowers I have ex-
amined are always taken after having boiled them in water and will thus often be
found to considerably exceed similar measurements made of them in a dried state,
thus more nearly approaching the dimensions of the living flowers, Owing to their
fleshy nature, the coronal-lobes, when subjected to much pressure, often have their
original form quite altered if not totally destroyed ; this has led to much discrepancy
i various descriptions of the same plant. In preparing the following descriptions
I have therefore always selected flowers for examination (usually 3 or 4 from each
Specimen when the material was sufficient,) that were saved from undue pressure by
their proximity to the stem or other thick parts, such flowers always giving a better
and more correct idea of the form of the coronl-lobes when alive than do flowers
that have been badly pressed. In the measurements given, the length of the
Coronal-lobes is always intended to include any horn or other appendages they may
have, unless otherwise expressed or when such appendages are horizontal or reflexed.
The term “conoid,” applied to the apical part of the style in some of the following
descriptions, is used in the same sense as originally employed by Schott to describe
the appendix of the spadix of many Aroids, where that organ is much elongated and
slightly tapers from or near the base to an obtuse apex.
_Tripe. I. Periplocese.— Filaments of the stamens free (see also Xysma-
fobium barbigerum). Anthers triangular or oblong, their connectives produced
beyond the cells into short terminal points (apiculate), ov into small dilated, mem-
Tanous or somewhat fleshy appendages, connivent over the apex of the style and
frequently connate at their tips. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell of numerous
loose granules, each granule formed of 4 pollen-grains united in tetrads. Pollen-
carriers spathulate, trumpet-shaped, or trowel-shaped, sometimes bipartite, horny,
swemished with an adhesive gland at their base, not attached to the pollen-grains,
ul holding them loosely in their concave upper part.
Coronal-lobes none; flowers small, in dichotomous or
trichotomous cymes . : : : : . 8, BASEONEMA,
Coronal-lobes very minute, entirely adnate to tle
staminal-filaments, easily overlooked; flowers very
_ Small, crowded in small long-peduncled clusters
Corona indistinct, annular, with 5 very sbort lobules
adnate to the base of the stiminal-filaments ;
: flowers moderately large in long lax panicles
Coronal-lobes 5, distinct, entire, or 2-10-fid, entirely
free or only adnate just at their base to the
oa eieis tag alternating wth the corolla-
ubes.
1. GYMNOLEMA,
4, BATESANTHUS.
234 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN).
Corolla always with a distinct campanulate or cylin-
dric tube, but the flowers are sometimes very
small and the tube short.
Coronal-lobes arising from the corolla-tube clearly
above the insertion of the stamens below
the middle or at the base of the corolla-
tube.
Coronal-lobes arising at or a little above the
middle of the corolla-tube ; erect or twining
shrubs. (See also Tacazzea rosmarintfolia.) 2, CRYPTOLEPIS.
Coronal-lobes arising in the sinuses at the mouth
of the corolla-tube ; erect or twining shrub 3. STOMATOSTEMMA.
Coronal-lobes arising at the insertion of the
stamens above the middle or at the top of the
corolla-tube ; herbs with a tuberous rootstock,
dwarf, rarely twining . : - : . 10. RAPHIONACME.
Corolla lobed nearly to the base; tube reduced to a
mere ring; coronal-lobes arising from the
corolla at the insertion of the stamens and often
adnate to them at the base ; stems long, twining
or straight, usually woody. (See also Raphio-
nacme linearis, and R. splendens, which have
a very reduced corolla-tube, but are dwarf
herbs.)
Coronal-lobes short and very broad, with or with-
out a dorsal process ; stipules distinct, toothed
or frill-like . 3 : . : : . 5. CHLOROCODON.
Coronal-lobes long, filiform, subulate, linear or
linear-lanceolate, simple or divided above into
2-3 filiform segments; stipules (except in
Tacazzea floribunda) none, or represented by
a mere line connecting the bases of the petioles.
Anthers glabrous. c ee A . 9. TACAZZEA.
Anthers more or less hairy : F ; . 7, PERIPLOCA.
Corona double, radiating ; outer lobes obtusely trigonous ;
inner lobes obovate-oblong, boat-shaped, obcordate
at the apex - ; é 3 x . 6. OMPHALOGONTS.
TRIBE IT. Seeamoneze.— Filaments of the stamens connate into a tube, and
adnate at the top to the dilated part of the style. Anthers erect or a
with more or less fimbriated appendages. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell
consisting of two distinct but exceedingly minute wary masses, Or the two masses
more or less combined into one, attached in fours or in pairs to each of the pollen-
carriers ; when apparently in pairs the seemingly single pollen-mass 1s sometimes
more or less separable into two. Pollen-carriers minute, subquadrate, rather soft,
pale in colour.
Coronal-lobes laterally flattened or subulate; pollen-
masses distinctly 4 to each pollen-carrier . . 11. SECAMONE.
Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened; pollen-masses appa-
rently 2 to each pollen-carrier, but each mass
sometimes separable into two : 3 : . 12. ToXocARPUS.
TRIBE III. Cynancheze.—Stamens with the filament-part when present ef
nate into a tube, sometimes very short and ring-like (filaments free ™ ear
lobium barbigerum); anthers adnate to the dilated part of the style, ™
LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 235.
a membranous appendage. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell united into one
wary mass. Pollen-masses opaque, without a pel/ucid margin, attached in pairs to
each of the pollen-carriers by short or long caudicles, from which they are
pendulous in the anther-cells. Pollen-carriers turgid, rarely flattened, with a
dorsal suture, hard and horny, varying from reddish-brown to black.
Corona very small and inconspicuous, arising from the
filament-part of the staminal-column, easily over-
looked and may be thought to be absent.
Apex of the style produced into a beak much beyond
the anthers.
Corona of 5 minute teeth or lobes alternating with
the subsessile anthers at their base . . 138. MICROSTEPHANUS.
Corona of 5 minute fleshy tubercles opposite the
anthers, near the middle of the short filament
part of the staminal column : x . 14, PopDOsTELMA.
Apex of the style not produced beyond the anthers,
corona of 5 fleshy tubercles. (See also Tylo-
phora and Xysmalobium Holubii, and X, de-
i ddd d OP Pe pee eee bars ot
Corona distinct, in 1 or 2 series.
Corona of 5 free lobes arising from the corolla-tube,
none on the staminal-column, but sometimes
inserted on the corolla just above its base . . 15. GLOSSONEMA.
Corona simple or double, arising from the staminal-
column or at its very base in the angle where the
column and corolla unite.
Corona double, i.e. in two series.
Outer corona annular or cup-shaped, often pen-
tagonal, truncate, shortly lobed or denticu-
late,
Leafless fleshy twiners or bushes; inner
coronal-lobes not spurred at the base =. 26, SARCOSTEMMA.
Leafy twiners; inner coronal-lobes spurred at
the base. ; ; : ‘ . 27, DEMIA.
Outer corona flattened out and adpressed to the
base of the corolla, obscurely lobulate ;
inner coronal-lobes oblong, refracted and
accumbent on the outer corona . : . 28. DIPLOSTIGMA.
Corona in one series, no outer corona, but often
furnished with appendages on the inner face
of the lobes or tube formed by their union.
Coronal-lobes connate into a tube or cup, at least
at their base, 5- or 10-lobed or toothed at
the top and sometimes with minute teeth
between the principal teeth, with or with-
out a tooth, lobe, thickening or keels within
in front of the 5 principal lobes or teeth.
Corona with the 5 principal teeth or lobes
alternating with the corolla-lobes, often
furnished with appendages or keels
within 2 : ; - : . 80. CYNANCHUM.
Corona with its 5 deeply concave-hooded lobes
opposite the corolla-lobes 3 ‘ . 81. SOLENOSTEMMA.
Corona of 5 distinct lobes usually quite free,
occasionally confluent at the base, but
236 LXXXV. .ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN).
never connate into 1 tube, sometimes having
5 minute teeth (which are often concealed
under the anther-wings,) alternating with
them at their base.
Coronal-lobes opposite to the corolla-lobes and
connivent in a cup. ; : : . 29. PROSOPOSTELMA
(and Cynanchum
schistoglossum).
Coronal-lobes alternating with the corolla-
lobes and opposite to the anthers, free to
their base or partly or entirely adnate to
the staminal-column.
Stem twining.
Corolla saucer-shaped, not lobed to more
than half-way down; coronal lobes
erect, lanceolate-attenuate, gibbous
at the base . : . . 25, OXYSTELMA.
Corolla not saucer-shaped, lobed to much
more than half-way down.
Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened, usually
thin, with or without keels,
thickenings or appendages on their
inner face. - 30;
Coronal-lobes laterally Mittens, ad-
nite to the backs of the anthers,
with free tips. : : . 24,
Coronal-lobes obconic, trumpet- or
slipper-shaped, truncate or rounded
at the apex, with a short inflexed
horn on the inner side i aoe
Stem not twining.
Flowers in racemes, small corymbs, or
densely spirally arranged around
the terminal part of the peduncle,
which elongates as the flowers
successively deve'op.
Coranal-lobes dorsally flattened, thin . 30.
Coronal-lobes not dorsally flattened,
thick and fleshy, beaked or bifid
at the apex ; c ele:
Flowers strictly umbellate, ‘all arising
from the same point.
Coronal-lobes lat: rally flattened, with
an upcurved spur at the ba-e. . 16.
Coronal-lobes not spurred at the base.
Coron 11-lobes usually long, spreading
at the base then incurved over
the staminal-column, often
dilated at the apical part, flat,
with or without a pair of con-
tiguous erect flat lobes or keels
on the basal part, sometimes
reduced to the basal part with
its contiguous lobes, without
the t:rminil part, but then
CYNANCHUM
PENTATROPIS.
PENTARHINUM.
CYNANCHUM.
KaNAHIA.
CALOTROPIS.
LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 237
always radiately spreading ;
staminal column _ subsessile,
with very broad rigid anther-
wings forming a broad truncate
cone. : ; J . 22, PACHYCARPUS,
Coronal-lobes laterally flattened or
at least measuring as much
from front to back as they do
in breadth, eueullate or com-
plicate or channelled down the
face or with the margins in-
flexed and forming a tooth at
the apex middle or base on
each side, with or without a
horn or other appendage within
the cavity; staminal-column
subsessile or stipitate, usually
barrel-shaped : : . 21, ASCLEPIAS,.
Coronal-lobes fleshy, solid, very
thick, with or without keels or
teeth on the inner face, or, if
dorsally flattened, then with
only 1 rather stout median
keel, but no horn or tongue-
like process on their inner face
and not produced into a long
horn-like point at their apex . 18. XysMALOBIUM.
Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened or
if concave or with incurved
margins then always broader
than they measure from front
to back, rather thin, often
with a terminal horn, usually
with 2 parallel keels (never
with 1 only,) and with or
without 1 or more horns or
appendages on the inner face . 19. ScHIzoGLOssUM.
Coronal-lobes petal-like, coloured,
complicate and claw-like at the
basal part, which bears 2-3
teeth, expanded above into a
flat petaloid blade . . . 20. MARGARETTA,
Tripe IV. Marsdeniese.— Stamens with filaments connate into a tube ;
anthers erect or incumbent on the top of the style and adnate to its dilated part
at their base, with a membranous flat or inflated appendage. Pollen-contents of
each anther-cell united into one wary mass, Pollen-masses opaque, without a
pellucid margin, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by long or short caudicles,
erect or ascending or horizontal when in the anther-cells, or the caudicles attached
to their middle, but never entirely pendulous, sometimes very minute and the
caudicles extremely slender. Pollen-carriers hard and horny, with a dorsal
suture, dark-coloured or rarel 'y pale,
*Corona of 5 distinct fleshy lobes or 5 pa’rs of ridges
arising from and adnate to the corolla-tube, none
238 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN).
on the staminal-column or occasionally an incon-
spicuous ring at its base > 5 . 37. GYMNEMA.
**Corolla double, in two distinct series.
Outer corona of 5 distinct lobes or of a membranous
ring, inserted at the sinuses of the corolla, inner
corona of 5 distinct lobes on the staminal-
column opposite the anthers : é . 38. ANISOPUS.
Outer corona of 5 fleshy lobes united in a ring at
their base, inserted at the base of the corolla
opposite the corolla-lobes and close to the
fleshy annular inner corona on the staminal-
column : : : : , : . 34, ONCOSTEMMA.
***Corona simple; lobes in one series, but sometimes
with appendages on their inner face, opposite the
anthers, free or connate into a tube, arising from
the staminal-column or in the angle formed by
the union of the staminal-column with the corolla.
Corolla tubular, toothed, with 5-10 teeth within in
front of or alternating with the principal teeth ;
anthers with large inflated appendages. . 41. FocKEA.
Corona annular, thick, crenate, surrounding the
short staminal-column under the anthers . 35. NANOSTELMA.
Corona of 5 distinct lobes or tubercles.
Coronal-lobes tubercle-like and entirely adnate to
the staminal-column or radiating from its
base, or, in Spherocodon melananthus, of 5
incurved-erect teeth on the middle of the
filamental part of the staminal-column.
Flowers in simple umbels or umbel-like cymes ;
stems erect . : 5 : Z . 36, SPH#ROCODON.
Flowers in umbel-like clusters scattered along
the axis of a simple or branched inflo-
rescence, rarely sessile at the nodes;
stems twining except in 7’. orthocaulis.
(See also Tylophoropsis, which differs in
having the pollen-masses pendulous from
horizontal caudicles) : A : . 33. TYLOPHORA.
Coronal-lobes with their basal part adnate to the
staminal-column shortly free above and ad-
pressed to the backs of the anthers, rarely
entirely free, not tubercle-like, or if tubercu-
lar at the base, then with a free erect point.
Corolla-tube more or less inflated at the base ;
coronal-lobes with a process on the inner
face of their free apical part . : . 40. PERGULARIA.
Corolla rotate or with a campanulate, globose-
campanulate or urceolate tube ; coronal-
lobes without a process on the inner face
of their free apical part . : 6 . 39, MARSDENIA.
TRIBE V. Ceropegieve.—Stamens with their filaments connate into @ =
and adnate at the top to the dilated part of the style. -Anthers erect or ineumben
on the top of the style, with or without an apiculus or a short terminal appendage
Pollen-contents of each anther-cell united into one waxy Mass. Pollen-masses
pellucid along the inner margin or at the apex, attached in pairs to the pollen-
LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 239
carriers by short caudicles, erect, ascending, or horizontal in the anther-cells, never
pendulous. Pollen-carriers sometimes with a wing-like expansion on each side,
horny, hard, dark-coloured. Stems herbaceous or fleshy, often twining, with well-
developed leaves, rarely leafless and then without distinct angles.
N.B. Possibly Oncostemma and Nanostelma may belong to this tribe, but the
pollen-masses are not described and I have not seen specimens of them.
Corolla-tube usually elongated and more or less inflated
at the base, or if short, then distinctly longer than
broad and rather narrow, never broadly cam-
panulate,
Coronaof 5erect A-shaped lobes adnate to thestaminal-
column, with free margins c : : . 43. ORTHANTHERA,
Corona double ; the outer cup-shaped, entire or 5-10-
toothed, or of 5 bifid or bipartite lobes more or
less adnate to the inner coronal-lobes and often
appearing to form one series with them, or re-
duced to minute pouches alternating with the
stamens; inner corona of 5 lobes opposite the
anthers.
Flowers sometimes solitary, but usually 2 to many
in sessile or pedunculate fascicles or simple
umbel-like cymes at the nodes or terminal,
rarely simply racemose along the peduncle or
with the peduncle bearing 2-3 few-tlowered
fascicles scattered along it, and then with the
pedicels not more than i-4 in. long. . 44, CEROPEGIA.
Flowers in 2 to several fascicles scattered along
a simple peduncle or along the branches of a
cymose panicle; pedicels very slender, more
than din.long . : : ; : . 45, RIOCREUXIA.
Corolla-tube short and not longer than broad, or none,
and the corolla rotate or saucer-shaped.
Corona of 5 small lobes with hairy tips, inserted
on the corolla at the sinuses between the lobes,
and sometimes with an inconspicuous fleshy
ring at the base of the staminal-column . . 42, LEPTADENIA.
Corona double, entirely arising from the staminal-
column, none on the corolla.
Flowers in pairs ina terminal raceme or lax panicle 47. TENARIS.
Flowers 1-4 at the nodes or many in a terminal
umbel . . 46. BRACHYSTELMA.
. ° . + . .
TRIBE VI. Stapelieze.—Pollen-masses and other characters as in Cero-
Pegiew, but differing as follows. Stems thick and fleshy, 3- to many-angled,
Sead dwarf, erect or procumbent, tuberculate-tessellate, or toothed along the
sngles, leafless or the teeth tipped with rudimentary or small subulate fleshy
eaves, or the tubercles or teeth bearing stout conical or spine-like or slender
— 8. Flowers fleshy. Corona arising from the staminal-column, none on the
rolla,
Stems cylindric, tessellately several-angled, not spiny or
bristly : é : ; ; . 48, ECHIDNOPSIS.
Stems not tessellate, often spiny-toothed or with bristle-
like tips to the tubercles.
240 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN).
Limb of the corolla nearly entire, with 5 subulate
points, the lobes being almost obsolete; stems
with numerous angles formed of tubercles tipped
with stout spine-like bristles. : : c
Limb of the corolla distinctly and often deeply 5-
lobed.
Stems thick, the numerous angles formed of con-
fluent tubercles tipped with a simple bristle,
or rarely very blunt and pointless; corolla
small, rotate or sub-campanulate : é
Stems 6-12-angled ; tubercles of the angles tipped
with three bristles, the two side ones de-
fleved ; corolla large, tubular-funnel-shaped .
Stems 4-6-angled.
Corolla with the base of the sinuses between the
lobes produced into small triangular teeth
Corolla without teeth in the sinuses between the
lobes.
Outer corona cup-shaped or annular and
entire or variously toothed, or of 5 small
pouches alternating with the anthers,
or of 5 more or less deeply bifid lobes
which have their margins more or less
adnate to the basal part of the inner
coronal-lobes or are nearly free.
Corolla 3-5 in. in diam., with a very small
tube ; tips of inner coronal-lobes
dilated, inflexed i:
Corolla usually under 1 in. rarely 13-3
in. in diam. ; tips of inner coronal-
lobes not dilated : . ‘
Outer corona of 5 spreading lobes free to their
base, entire, emarginate, or 2—4-toothed
at the apex; corolla star-like, usually
but not always without a distinct tube .
Outer corona in one piece, disk-like, pen-
tagonal, resting on the raised rim of the
disk of the corolla and closing the
spurious tube formed by it; inner
coronal-lobes rhomboidal-ovoid; corol!a-
lobes more or less folded lengthwise, and
often into narrow vertical plates
Outer corona absent ; inner coronal-lobes very
stout, 4-angled in cross-section in the
lower part, adnate to the staminal-
column for half their length
.
51. Hoopia.
50. TRICHOCAULON.
53. TOVARESIA.
. 54. Hvernia.
. 52. EDITHCOLEA.
49. CARALLUMA,
56. STAPELIA.
. 57. DUVALIA.
. 55. HvERNIOPSIS.
»)!
Gymnolema. LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 241
1. GYMNOL#MA, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 740.
Calyx minute, d-partite. Corolla very small, campanulate, 5-lobed
to below the middle 3 lobes overlapping to the left in bud. Corona of 5
minute quadrate lobes, entirely adnate to the filaments of the stamens
except a very narrow margin at the apex. Stamens arising at the
mouth of the short corolla-tube ; filaments short, free ; anthers ovate-
oblong, apiculate, connivent over the very shortly conical apex of the
style, and united to the dilated part of it at their base. Pollen granu-
lar. Follicles narrowly lanceolate-fusiform, acuminate, smooth. Seeds
crowned with a tuft of hairs——A shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers
very small, crowded in small long-peduncled congested corymbs or
heads, which are composed of several very small spike-like cymules,
Macropelma, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 321. Saclewvia, Baill.
Hist. Pl. x. 265; and see Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 65.
Species 1, endemic.
Allied to Cryptolepis, but differing in having the very minute coronal-lobes
adnate to the filaments of the stamens: they were overlooked by Bentham, and are
not represented in the figure of the plant.
Loe, Newii, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xii. 74,¢.1186. A woody shrub
or climber (?) with a reddish bark, pubescent in the young parts. Leaves
subsessile or very shortly petiolate, 24-3? in. long, 4-10 lin. broad,
Varying from linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, BN
velvety on both sides, Peduncles axillary, solitary, slender, 1-92 In.
ong, pubescent, bearing a small congested head of several small see
Several-flowered cymules, that gradually elongate into little spikes —
te ie bewts 1, long, ovate, acute, pubescent, deciduous ;
pedicels 1-11 lin. long, elongating to 2-24 lin. long when = fruit.
Corolla about 14 lin. in diam., glabrous ; tube 4-4 lin. long ; lobes #-1 lin.
long, rather more than } lin. broad, ovate, acute. Coronal-lobes about
lin. | ong, 4 lin. broad, transversely oblong, broader than the staminal
filaments and entirely adnate to them, truncate at the apex and form-
ing @ transverse ridge at the base of the anthers. Follicles 1} in. long,
2-24 lin. thick, puberulous. Seeds 3 lin. long, 3-1 lin. broad, ariaie
ovate-lanceolate, flattish_K. Schum. in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 320.
Gymnolaima Newii, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. il.
"11. | Sacleusia saticina, Baill. Hist. Pl. x. 265; K. Schum, in nn
Jahrb. xxiii 232; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. Fos
. “ropema angustifolium, K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C, Fy
m Engl, & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 213, fig. 63, F,G; and in Engl.
Jahrb. xxiii. 232.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Kikumbuliu, 2500-3000 ft., Scott-Elliot,
6149! Maungu, Scott-diliot, 6162!
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, ex Baillon, German East Africa : Kilimanjaro,
New / Merue, Fischer, 383 (ex K. Schumann).
VOL. ry. .
242 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Cryptolems.
2. CRYPTOLEPIS, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 740.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube campanulate; lobes overlapping and
more or less twisted to the left when in bud, at each angle between.
them, within, is a minute pocket-like flap (sinus-pocket), which is some-
times a direct continuation of the margin of one lobe adnate to the
inner face of the adjacent lobe between its margin and mid-line, and
sometimes arises from the inner face of both lobes near their margins,
but quite distinct from the latter, truncate or produced into a tooth or
filiform process, in the latter case resembling a second coronal-whorl.
Corona of 5 filiform or fleshy lobes or processes arising from about the
middle of the corolla-tube some distance above the insertion of the
stamens, but sometimes decurrent down to the latter, alternating with
the corolla-lobes. Stamens inserted towards the base of the corolla-
tube; filaments free; anthers more or less triangular, with the connec-
tive produced into a fleshy apiculus, united at their base to the dilated
part of the style, more or less connivent in a cone. Pollen granular.
Pollen-carrier more or less spathulate. Style shortly conical at the
apex, shorter thanthe anthers. Follicles linear-terete or ovate, smooth.
Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs.—Erect or twining shrubs. Leaves
opposite or whorled, rarely subfasiculate on the short flowering shoots.
Flowers small or of moderate size, arranged in axillary, sublateral, or
terminal cymes, or rarely subsolitary. Curoria, Planch. ex Benth. in
Hook. Niger Fl. 457. ctadiopsis, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
Pl. ii. 741.
Species several; the genus extends from Cashmere through the tropics of the
Old World to Madagascar and Natal.
The sinus-pockets should perhaps be regarded as belonging to the corona.
Leaves of the short lateral flowering shoots crowded,
subfasciculate, linear-spathulate ; flowers solitary. 1. C. decidua.
Leaves all opposite or in whorls of 3, rarely alternate,
pairs or whorls distant; flowers in 2 to many-
flowered cymes or panicles. (In 16, C. suffruticosa
they are sometimes solitary).
Leaves cordate and stem-clasping at the base, 21-4 in.
broad. : z : 2 - . 2. C. hypoglauca.
Leaves acute or rounded at the base, usually less than
2 in. broad,
Leaves oblong, emarginate or subtruncate at the
apex, mucronate . e ‘ é E
Leaves usually acute or acuminate, sometimes
obtuse at the apex.
*Corolla-lobes 3-6 lin. long.
Cymes lax, several-flowered, with branches
3-4 in. long ; coronal-lobes ovate . . 8. C. apiculata.
Cymes lax, 3—7-flowered, with branches 1-1 in.
4 : a
long ; coronal-lobes triangular, acute . 4. C. triangularis-
6. C. obtusa,
Cryptolepis. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 243
Cymes lax, 2-3-flowered; coronal-lobes,
subulate . A é : : . 5. C. microphylla.
Cymes compact, 7-15-flowered, with branches
1-2 lin. long; coronal-lobes clavate . 8. C. producta,
**Corolla-lobes 1-2 lin. long.
Corolla pubescent within at the base of the
lobes and in the throat of the tube.
(N.B.—The hairs are not visible when
wet).
Cymes obconic, flat-topped ; corolla shortly
pointed in bud.
Leaves linear ; corolla-lobes 3 lin. broad. 7. C. Hensit.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ;
corolla-lobes 3-1 lin. broad. . 9. C. Baumii.
Cymes dense, rounded or subglobose ; corolla
very obtuse in bud . : . 10. C. Brazza@i.
Corolla glabrous within.
Flowers 20 or more in a cyme, rather
congested.
Leaves 3-nerved at the base ; sinus-
pockets truncate, entire or denti-
culate 4 11. C. Welwitschit.
Leaves not 3-nerved at the base ; sinus-
pockets produced into long fili-
form processes . 3 2
Flowers 3-16 in a cyme, not con-
gested.
Leaves lanceolate to elliptic-oblong,
2-5 times as long as broad.
Corolla acute or acuminate in bud,
its lobes 3—$ lin. broad . . 13. C. oblongifolia.
Corolla obtuse in bud, its lobes
1-1i lin. broad. i: . 14. C. Elliotii.
Leaves linear or. linear-lanceolate 43—
12 times as long as broad . . 15. C. nigritana.
Flowers’ solitary or in 2-flowered
cymes : . 16. C. suffruticosa.
C. angolensis.
1. C. decidua, V. HE. Br. A shrub with straight slender
branches, having a pale grey (glaucous %) bark and rather distant
nodes, from which arise short, and proportionately stout lateral shoots
~¢ in. long, bearing leaves and flowers. Leaves subfasciculate on the
teral shoots, 3-1 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, linear or linear-spathulate,
obtuse or subacute, gradually narrowing to the base, subsessile,
glabrous, Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, one or two (or
More 2) in each tuft of leaves; pedicels 3-74 lin. long, bracteate at
about: the middle, slender, glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, lanceolate,
acuminate. Corolla-tube campanulate, 1 lin. long; lobes lanceolate or
Inear-lanceolate, 3 lin. long, twisted in the bud, glabrous. Coronal-
obes arising from the middle of the corolla-tube, 14-2 lin. long, filiform
or subulate. Anthers connivent, acuminate. Style shorter than the
anthers, conical at the apex.— Curroria decidua, Planch. ex Benth. in
244 . LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Cryptolepis.
Hook. Niger Fl. 457; Engler in Engl. Jahrb. x. 244; xix. 148; K.
Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219; Walp. Ann. iii. 69.
Lower Guinea. Angola, Curror ! Hereroland : near Salem, 1800 ft., Marloth,
1455 (ex Engler), near Sorissoris, Gurich, 50 (ex Engler).
The primary leaves of the main branches are not present upon the specimens |
have seen, and they are undescribed.
2. C. hypoglauca, A. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 320. A
large woody climber with glabrous stems. Leaves distant, sessile,
34-5 in. long, 241-4 in. broad, and probably larger, oblong, elliptic-
oblong or elliptic-obovate, very broadly rounded with a reflexed short
cuspidate point at the apex, cordate and stem-clasping at the base,
quite glabrous, glaucous beneath. Panicles lateral at the nodes, few-
branched and few-flowered, 5 in. or more long, including the 3 in, long
peduncle, quite glabrous in all parts; bracts 4—} lin. long, ovate,
acute; pedicels 1-1} lin. long, stout. Sepals 1} lin. long, ovate-
oblong, acute. Corolla-tube 14 lin. long, funnel-shaped ; lobes 5 lin,
long, ovate, rather abruptly narrowed into a linear, obtuse, spirally
twisted point, glabrous; sinus-pockets minute, truncate, not ciliate.
Coronal-lobes inserted just above the middle of the corolla-tube, their
tips not reaching to the sinuses, rhomboidal-ovoid, thick and fleshy,
obtusely pointed, connivent over the staminal-column, Anthers
triangular-acuminate, connivent over the short conical apex of the
style-—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Usambara; Amboni, Holst, 2728 !
3. C. apiculata, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 320. Stem
twining, glabrous, light brown, with many pale lenticels. Leaves
spreading, glabrous ; petiole 1-4 in. long ; blade 23-4? in. long, 1}-2}
in. broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly and abruptly acute,
cuneately rounded or acute at the base, narrowly revolute at the
margin, whitish beneath. Peduncles 1-14 in. long. Cymes once 0F
twice dichotomously branched; branches 3-4 in. long, $ lin. thick,
racemosely many-flowered, with internodes }-} in. long, glabrous ;
bracts 3-1 lin. long, ovate, acute, glabrous; pedicels 4 in. long,
moderately stout, glabrous. Sepals 14-13 lin. long, oblong, obtuse,
glabrous. Corolla quite glabrous ; tube 1#—2 lin. long, campanulate ;
lobes 5 lin. long, ? lin. broad, lanceolate-linear, tapering to 4 point,
spirally twisted; sinus-pockets truncate, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes
+ lin. long, arising from the middle of the corolla-tube and just reaching
to the sinuses, rhomboid-ovate, acute, thick and fleshy. Anthers
triangular, very acute, connivent over the conical acute apex of the
style.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.
~e4!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Amboni, Holst, 2564:
Very closely allied to C. capensis, Schlechter, a native of Natal, but me
from that species in its stouter cyme-branches, shorter corolla-tube, and in
coronal-lobes reaching to the top of the tube.
Cryptolepis. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 245
4. C. triangularis, V. H. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 92. A
glabrous climber, with blood-red resinous juice. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 2-4 lin. long; blade 1-3 in. lung, $—1} in. broad, elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, acuminate at the apex, acute or rounded at the base,
deep green, not shining above, yellowish-green beneath, with the lateral
veins slightly but distinctly prominent. Cymes terminal on short
lateral shoots, dichotomus or trichotomus, laxly 3~—7-flowered, with
branches }-1 in. long; bracts 14-2 lin. long, ovate, obtuse; pedicels
3-6 lin. long. Sepals 2 lin. long, | lin. broad, ovate, subobtuse. Corolla-
tube campanulate, 2 lin. long; lobes § in. long, lanceolate-linear,
auricled on one side within at the base, twisted to the left in bud,
yellow ; sinus-pockets truncate, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes inserted at
the middle of the corolla-tube, triangular, with nearly equal sides and
acute or rounded angles. Anthers connivent over the conical apex of
the style—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 676. C. sanguinolenta,
Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 308. Pergularia sanguinolenta,
Lindl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2532; and in Trans. Hort. Soc. 1826, vi. 72;
Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 619.
Upper Guinea. Gambia, Leprieur! Sierra Leone: near Lumbaraya. Sco/f-
Elliot, 5013! and without precise locality, cultivated specimen, Don.’ Lagos:
Yoruba ; Abeokuta, in rocky places, Barter, 3359! and without precise locality,
Rowland ! Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 1333 !
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; by thickets in the deep valleys of
the rocks of the Presidium, Welwitsch, 5993!
This plant was introduced by G. Don into the Royal Horticultural Society’s
garden at Chiswick, where it flowered in August 1823, aud was described by Lindley
usa Pergularia, I had not made this identification until immediately after my
description of it was published in the Journal of the Linnesn Society or I should
have adopted Lindley’s specitic name. The sap is described as blood-red in colour.
Probably C. Barteri, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1. in. 219, belongs
here, but the description is very insufficient, and I have not seen a specimen.
5. ©. microphylla, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1889, ii. 804
(84 by error). A much-branched shrub, with milky juice ; stems scram-
bling or twining, slender, glabrous, slightly rough on the youngest
parts, becoming smooth with age, nodose from the projecting leaf-scars.
Leaves with scaberulous petioles 1 lin. long; blade }-1} in. long,
43-84 lin. broad, oblong-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, or the
lowermost obtuse and apiculate, rounded at the base, dull green and
microscopically scaberulous (densely covered with glandular points,
Welwitsch) above, glaucous beneath. Cymes terminal or axillary,
2-3- (rarely more-) flowered; peduncles 4-6 lin. long, slender, gla-
brous ; pedicels 4-3 in. long, minutely bracteate below the middle,
glabrous. Sepals ? lin. long and nearly as broad, ovate, subobtuse, sub-
glabrous, or very minutely puberulous. Corolla whitish, glabrous ;
tube 14 lin. long, campanulate (swollen above the base, Welwitsch) ;
lobes 3-3} lin. long, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, more or less wrinkled and
crisped ; “sinus-pockets scarcely evident, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes
246 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Cryptolepis.
inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube, } lin. long, rather stout,
fleshy, terete-subulate, erect.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 676.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo ? Kimuenza, Gillet! Angola: Golungo Alto;
Alto Queta, in shady forests, Welwitsch, 5939! Queta Mountains, Welwitsch,
5940!
6. C. obtusa, WV. “£. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 110. Stem
twining, glabrous. Leaves petiolate, glabrous; petiole 2—5 lin. long;
blade 3-3 in. long, 4-1} in. broad, oblong, obtuse, retuse or emarginate,
mucronate, rounded or more or less cuneate at the base. Cymes 1-2 in.
long, pedunculate, dichotomous, laxly 6-10-flowered, glabrous in all
parts, axillary, mostly from both axils, and often arranged in elongated
leafless narrow panicles 3-12 in. long, at the ends of the lateral shoots ;
peduncles 4-1 in. long; bracts 3-1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute;
pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Sepals 3 lin. long, ovate, subacute. Corolla
acuminate, with twisted estivation in bud; tube 1 lin. long; lobes
3 lin. long, linear-lanceolate; sinus-pockets truncate, not ciliate.
Coronal-lobes arising from the middle of the corolla-tube, } lin. long,
fleshy, lanceolate, acuminate. Anthers acuminate, connivent. Follicles
3-5 in. long, 24-3 lin. thick, fusiform-terete, acuminate, smooth,
reflexed when ripe. Seeds 3 lin. long, 3—1 lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate,
flat, with a central keel on one side, convex on the other, minutely
tuberculate, blackish-brown.—K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 424,
and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii., 219. (C. obtusa, K. Schum.
in Engl. Pfl, Ost-Afr. C. 320.
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: east coast of Lake Nyasa, Johnson,
56! and without precise locality, Stuhlmann, 7827 (ex K. Schumann), Portuguese
East Africa: Mozambique, Forbes! Lower valley of the River Shire, Meller !
Lower Zambesi ; between Tete and the coast, Kirk ! Zambesi Delta ; Luabo River,
Kirk, 38! Shupanga, Kirk! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Kondowe to
Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte! Boruma, on the Zambesi, Menyharth, 829!
Also at Delagoa Bay.
I have not seen Stuhlmann’s specimen which Dr. Schumann described in 1895
o C. obtusa, but judging from the very imperfect description, I believe it to be this
plant.
ote C. Hensii, V. Z. Br. Stem twining, rather slender, glabrous,
wrinkled in the dried state, but not rough with raised points, dark
reddish-brown, Leaves very spreading, glabrous on both sides ; petiole
j-1 lin. long; blade 14-2} in. long, 14-34 lin. broad, linear, acute,
rounded at the base. Cymes sublateral at the nodes 7-8 lin. long
including the short peduncle, flat-topped, many-flowered, with ascending
branches, compact, glabrous ; bracts 4-4 lin. long, ovate, acute ;
pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Sepals 4 lin. long, oblong, obtuse, glabrous,
very minutely ciliate. Corolla campanulate, glabrous outside, pubescent
at the base of the lobes and in the throat and around the mouth of the
tube within, white, shortly pointed in the bud ; tube # lin. long ; lobes
1 lin, long, $ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse and very oblique at the apex
Cryptolepis. | LXXXY. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 247
sinus-pockets truncate, ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising at the middle of
the corolla-tube, fleshy, subulate, obtuse, strongly incurved, pubescent.
Anthers acuminate, connivent in a cone.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo : Ntombi River, near Lutete, Hens, A, 227!
Very near C. Baumii, N. E. Br., differing in its linear leaves and more fleshy
{and in the dried state darker coloured) corolla, which has very much narrower lobes,
more oblique at the apex.
8. C. producta, V. HZ. Br. Stem apparently of scrambling
habit, minutely scabrid. Leaves opposite or alternate ; petiole 3-1 lin.
long; blade 4-1} in. long, 4-3 in. broad, oblong, obtuse, apiculate,
rounded or subcuneate at the base. Cymes axillary sessile or sub-
sessile, about 2 in long and }in. in expanse, 7—15-flowered ; bracts
minute, ovate, acute ; pedicels 14-2 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1 lin.
long, 2 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla quite glabrous
inside and out; tube 14 lin. long, campanulate ; lobes 3 lin. long, 1 lin.
broad, narrowly oblong, obtuse, erect or ascending ; sinus-pockets pro-
duced into linear truncate or minutely bifid teeth 4 lin. long, resem-
bling a second series of coronal-lobes. Coronal-lobes arising from the
middle of the corolla-tube, } lin. long, clavate, obtuse, glabrous.
Staminal column 4 lin. long; anthers with subulate tips, connivent in
a cone,
Lower Guinea, Angola : Amboella; by the River Kubango, above Knimarva,
3600 tt., Baum, 457 !
In having the sinus-pockets produced into distinct lobes, this plant resembles
C. angolensis, Welw., and belongs to the same group of species, the flowers however
are very much larger and the coronal-lobes quite different.
9. C. Baumii, V. #. Br. Stem flexuose or twining, not scabrid,
wrinkled in the dried state, reddish-brown. Leaves spreading, gla-
brous; petiole 1-2 lin. long; blade 1-1} in. long, 5-7 lin. broad (or
larger 2), lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base.
Cymes sublateral at the nodes, 3-14 in. long including the short
peduncle, 3-3 in. in diam., much branched, compact, corymbose, many-
flowered, glabrous; branches erect or ascending ; bracts 3-3 lin. me
ovate, acute; pedicels 1-13 lin. long. Sepals ¢ lin. long, 3 lin. broad,
oblong-ovate, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla 2} lin. in diam., campanulate,
shortly pointed and slightly twisted in bud, glabrous outside, pube-
scent at the base of the lobes around the mouth of the tube within,
tube } lin. long ; lobes 14-1} lin. long, 3_1 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse,
erect, spreading, or recurved at the tips; margin of the race opie
ciliate with rather long hairs. Coronal-lobes inserted at the mae 0
the corolla-tube much above the insertion of the stamens, 4-4 ee
long, fleshy, subulate, acute, incurved, resembling fish-hooks, si
pubescent or hairy. Staminal column } lin. long; anthers pret: ,
hones acute, connivent in an acute cone over the conical apex of the
Style,
Lower Guinea. Angola: Amboella; by the River Longa, below Napalanka,
3700 ft., Baum, 577!
248 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Cryptolepis..
Very closely allied to C. Brazza@i, Baill., but differing in having less congested
cymes, which in outline are wedge-shaped or obconical and not subglobose, the
flower-buds are more pointed, more twisted, and the corolla-lobes are longer and not
ciliate. The texture and colour of the flower in the dried state are also quite
different, that of C. Brazz@i being darker in colour and more fleshy than in
C. Baumii.
10. C. Brazzezei, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1889, ii. 803
(83 by error). Stem twining, rather slender, smooth. Leaves spreading,
glabrous ; petiole 1-2} lin. long; blade 14-23 in. long, 4-1 in. broad,
varying from elliptic-oblong to elliptic, acute, obtusely rounded at the
base, more or less distinctly 3-nerved. Cymes axillary, subsessile,
small, dense, subglobose, many-flowered, glabrous; bracts } lin. long,
ovate, acute; pedicels 1—2 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals $—} lin. long,
ovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla very obtuse in bud, pube-
scent in the throat of the tube and on the base of the lobes within,
glabrous outside, white; tube 1 lin. long, campanulate; lobes 1 lin.
long, 3—} lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, sparsely and very minutely ciliate ;
margin of the sinus-pockets ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising from the
middle of the corolla-tube, $ lin. long, fleshy, subulate, obtuse or acute,
incurved like fish-hooks, sparsely hairy. Anthers acuminate connivent.
—RHiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 678. C. Brazzai, Henriques in Bolet.
Soc. Brot. xvi. 67. C. Sizenandi, Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xi. 86.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Marques, 15! 63 (ex Henriques) ;
Pungo Andongo; plentiful in the thickets of the Presidium, Welwitsch, 4197!
Huilla ; at Monino, Welwitsch, 4207! banks of the River Lovo, Marques, 217 (ex
Henriques). :
The hairs inside the corolla of this and the allied species can scarcely be seen if
the corolla is examined in a wet state.
11. C. Welwitschii, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 677, not of
Schlechter. A small shrub, erect, scrambling or decumbent ; branches
more or less flexuose, minutely scaberulous, reddish. Leaves spreading,
glabrous ; petiole 3-1 lin. long ; blade 3-2 in. long, 1$—10 lin. broad,
varying from linear or linear-lanceolate to elliptic, acute, rounded or sub-
acute at the base, more or less distinctly 3-nerved. Cymes axillary,
subsessile, small, densely many- (rarely less than 20-) flowered, minutely
bracteate ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Sepals ? lin. long, ovate, obtuse,
minutely ciliate. Corolla glabrous on both sides, white; tube 1 lin.
long, campanulate ; lobes 1} lin. long, 3-1 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse,
not ciliate; sinus-pockets truncate, entire or denticulate, not ciliate.
Coronal-lobes arising from the middle of the corolla-tube, 2 lin. long;
fleshy, subclavate, obtuse or subacute. Anthers acuminate, connivent
in a cone.—C. myrtifolia, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 301, name
only; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw., i. 677. Ectadiopsis Welwitschit,
Baill. (not of Britten). Z. lanceolata, Baill. and FL. myrtifolia, Baill.
in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1889, ii. 802-803 (82-83 by error);
Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pilanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; near Huilla, in thickets amongst short
grass, Welwitsch, 4203! in thickets near Lopollo, Welwitsch, 4206!
Cryptolepis. } LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 249°
The leaves of this plant seem to vary very much in breadth.
Var. 8 luteola, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 677. A sarmentose shrublet
3-1} ft. high. Flowers yellowish.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in thickets near Huilla, Welwitsch, 4205!
I doubt if this is inany way distinct from the typical form.
Ectadiopsis seandens, K. Schum, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 11, 219>-
should probably be referred to C. Welwitschii.' It is described as follows: A
twining shrub. Margins of the sinus-pockets of the corolla-lobes not ciliate. Com-
mon in Angola.
Cryptolepis scandens, Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 308, name only,
collected in sandy soil near Dolo, not far from Stanley Pool, in Lower Congo,.
Schlechter, 12451. This is stated to be identical with Ectadiopsis scandens, K,.
Schum., but, as there is not a word of description to support this view, I am doubtful
of the determination, especially as the specimens distributed by the Berlin authorities
under this name have the sinus-pockets ciliate, and thus entirely disagree with
Ectadiopsis scandens in the only distinctive character assigned to it.
12. C. angolensis, Welw. ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. iL G7.
Rootstock woody. Stems of the type specimens 8-10 in. high, erect,
reddish-brown, rough with minute raised points; but according to
Welwitsch’s note on the label it forms a decumbent, scrambling or
rarely twining shrub, 2-4 ft. high, with milky juice. Leaves ascending
or somewhat spreading, perfectly glabrous; petiole 1-2 lin. long ; blade
1-2 in. long, 3-6 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, cuneate at the base, not
é-nerved. Cymes axillary, sessile or subsessile, densely many-flowered ;
bracts minute, rounded, very minutely ciliate ; pedicels 1-1? lin. long,
rather thick. Sepals ? lin. long, $ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, very
minutely ciliate. Corolla obtuse in bud, quite glabrous, white,
fragrant ; tube 1_2 lin. long, campanulate ; lobes 13-13 lin. long, # lin.
broad, oblong, obtuse ; sinus-pockets produced into filiform processes
lin. long, giving the appearance of two series of coronal-lobes, appa-
rently slightly tortuous. Coronal-lobes arising above the middle of the
Corolla-tube, #—1 lin. long, subulate, acute, slightly curved somewhat like
the letter 8. Anthers acuminate, connivent or connate in a cone.
y Lower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in sandy thickets near Lopollo, Welwitsch,
204, !
_ This is very similar to C. Welwitschii, Hiern, in general appearance, but differs
M the leaves not being 3-nerved at the base, and in the very different coronal-lobes
and filiform processes of the sinus-pockets. The type consists of two specimens,
Which are, as described above, and I am inclined to think, from the statement on
Welwitsch’s label, that he did not distinguish this plant from C. Welwitschir ; cer-
tainly the specimons show no signs of a sarmentose decumbent or twining habit. if
find the plant quite glabrous on all parts, not « pulverulent-puberulous on the
leaves and calyx as stated in the original description, where the filiform processes
of the sinus-pockets are not noted.
an. ©, oblongifolia, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896, 315. bi
erect branching shrub. Branches usually rather long, slender, Paige
Town, minutely scabrous. Leaves ascending, glabrous ; petiole 4-14
lin, long ; blade 4-2 in. long, $-# in. broad, 2—5 times as long as broad,
-250 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Cryptolepis.
varying from narrowly lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse
and apiculate, cuneate or rounded at the base, pallid beneath. Cymes
subaxillary, subsessile, or on peduncles up to } in. long, 3-16-flowered,
not dense, trichotomous, $—} in. in diam.; bracts }—1 lin. long, ovate,
obtuse ; pedicels 1-14 lin. long. Sepals 3—? lin. long, oblong, obtuse,
minutely ciliate at the apex. Corolla quite glabrous, yellowish-green,
ovoid and rather acute or acuminate in bud; tube 2-1 lin. long, cam-
panulate; lobes 14-1? lin. long, 3-3} lin. broad, oblong or lanceolate,
oblong, obtuse; sinus-pockets entire or produced into a minute tooth,
not ciliate. Coronal-lobes inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube,
44 lin. long, subrhomboid, subterete or clavate, obtuse or acute, fleshy.
Anthers deltoid, very acuminate. Follicles diverging at an angle of
about 80°, 3-3} in. long, about } in. thick, narrowly fusiform, gradually
tapering from about the middle to a subacute point, glabrous. Seeds
about 4 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, narrowly oblong, convex on one side,
concave with a central ridge on the other, minutely scabrous.—Letadium
oblongifolium, Meisn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1843, 542 (442 by error) ;
Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 827; Walp. Rep. vi. 481. Secamone acutifolia,
Sond. in Linnea, xxiii. 76; Walp. Ann. iii. 48. Hctadiopsis oblongi-
folia, Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 471; Schlechter in Engl.
Jahrb. xviii. Beibl. 45, 14; K.Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 219. Z. acutifolia, Benth. in Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Pl. ii. 741;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.
Nile Land. Uganda: Ankole; on dry grassy hills on the East side of Lake
Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot, 8066!
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: between Massi Kessi & Revue,
Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 239!
Also in South Africa.
14. C. Elliotii, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 300. Stems erect,
‘branching, scaberulous. Leaves }—1 in. long, 3-6 lin, broad, on see
4-1 lin. long, elliptic-oblong, about equally subobtuse at both en 2%
apiculate, margins revolute, glabrous on both sides, whitish or glaucous
beneath. Cymes lax, terminal, corymbose, the main branches 3-10 iin.
long, glabrous, ultimate cymules 3—4-flowered ; pedicels 1-1} lin. long,
glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, 3-} lin. broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong;
very obtusely rounded at the apex, minutely ciliate. Corolla Ceri
ovoid, and obtuse in bud; tube 1 lin. long, campanulate ; lobes 1} lin.
long, 1-1} lin. broad, somewhat rhomboidal-oblong in outline, obtuse
and unequal sided, that side which is on the inside when in the bue
being broadest and produced into a distinct angle at the middle ; ie
pockets truncate, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising from the mia
the corolla-tube, rather less than } lin. long, fusiform-clavate, acu”
incurved.
. wot
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Urundi Hills, Scott-Elliot, 8372 -
: his
Schlechter also included a specimen of C. oblongifolia, Schlechter yen par
name, but I have retained his name for the present plant, as it is evident tha
Cryptolepis. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEEZ (BROWN). 251
upon this plant with the terminal inflorescence that he has based his description, but
the flowers are not in racemes as he describes. It differs from C. oblongifolia in its
broader corolla lobes and more obtuse buds.
15. C. nigritana, V. H. Br. A virgate shrub, growing to a height
of 4 ft., glabrous in all parts ; branches straight, slender, rough with
minute raised points, Leaves opposite or occasionally 3 in a whorl ;
petiole 4-1 lin. long, blade 14-34 in. long, }-} in. broad, 43-12 times
as long as broad, linear to linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; base
obtuse. Cymes axillary, subsessile, or very shortly pedunculate, 10-
20-flowered ; bracts 1 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; pedicels
1-2 lin. long. Sepals 4-1 lin. long, ovate, acute or obtuse, minutely
and sparsely ciliate. Corolla-tube 1-1} lin. long, campanulate ; lobes
1}-1} lin. long, }-? lin. broad, narrowly oblong or lanceolate, obtuse,
twice as long as the tube, pale yellow; sinus-pockets truncate, not
ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising from the middle of the corolla-tube, $ lin.
long, fleshy, clavate, rhomboidal or oblong-spathulate, obtuse or acute,
sometimes incurved at the point.—C. Welwitschit, Schlechter in Journ.
Bot. 1895, 301, excl. syn., name only. Letadiopsis nigritana, Benth. in
Hook. Ie, Pl. xii. 75, t. 1187. E. nigritiana, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219. . nigritana, Benth. var. congesta, K. Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii, 232. £. Welwitschii, Britten in Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. 2, iv. 26, not of Baill.
teal Guinea. Togo, Bittner, 404! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter,
coisa Land. Uganda: Ankole; east of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot,
os
Mozamb. Dist. Lake Tanganyika, Cameron! Portuguese East Africa:
Lower Shire Valley, Morambala Mountain, 1500 ft., Kirk! British Central Africa :
Nyasaland; Stevenson Road, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8264! 8314! West shore
of Lake Nyasa, 1600 ft., Kirk! Manganja Hills, 2000 ft., Kirk! Shire High-
lands, Buchanan, 251! Mandala, Scott-Elliot, 8450! Mount Mlanji, Whyte,
134! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 1091!
The tough, stringy bark is used by the natives for making fishing-nets.
Probably the plant from Nyasaland, referred to as Z. Welwitschii, by Schumann
n Engl. Pl. Ost-Afr. C. 320, belongs here.
_ 16. . suffruticosa, V. /. Br. Stems solitary, 1-2 ft. high,
‘arising from a thick woody rhizome, very much branched, flattened in
the upper part, sulcate, glabrous, minutely papillose at the apex only.
Leaves sessile, }-22 in. long, #-5 lin. broad, varying from linear to
lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, acute or somewhat rounded at the
base, subcoriaceous, marginate, glabrous on both sides ; veins finely
reticulate, prominent on both sides. Flowers solitary or 1n 2-flowered
Pedunculate cymes; peduncles 14-4 lin. long; bracts 2, subulate ;
pedicels 1-24 lin. long. Sepals ? lin. long, ovate, obtuse, minutely
ciliate. Corolla yellow ; tube 1 lin. long; lobes 2 lin. long, oblong,
252 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Cryptolepis..
acute, their sinus-pockets variable, truncate, emarginate or subulate.
Coronal-lobes arising about } lin. above the base of the corolla-tube,
3 lin. long, fleshy.—Zctadiopsis suffruticosa, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
XXvill. 453.
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Uhehe; Iringa, 5000 ft., Goetze,
665.
Unknown to me.
Imperfectly known species.
17. C. laxa, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Lin. Paris, 1889, ii. 804 (84 by
error). ‘Cwining, glabrous. Leaves small, ovate, acute, white beneath.
Cymes pedunculate, lateral, lax and few-flowered. ‘The fruit is formed
of two long follicles, slender and glabrous, divergent, fornicate.
Tropical Africa. Brazza, 126 (cx Baillon).
I have not seen this plant.
18. C. Barteri, K. Schum. in Engl. d: Prantl, Pllanzenfam. iw. i.
219. Leaves acute or acuminate, concolorous on both sides. Cymes
few-tlowered. Pedicles long.
West Tropical Africa, ex K. Schumann.
I have not seen this, and the description is quite inadequate for identification,
but, as suggested on p. 245, it may be the same as C. triangularis, N. E. Br.
19. Ectadiopsis Buttneri, A. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Plan
zenfam. iv. ii. 219. A twining shrub. Margin of the sinws-pockets of
the corolla-lobes ciliate. z
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo; Leopoldville, near Stanley Pcol (ex &.
Schumann).
I have not seen a specimen of this plant.
The description is insufficient for identification and applies equally to at least
three species,
3. STOMATOSTEMMA, N. E. Br.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube broadly campanulate ; lobes over’
lapping to the left in bud. Corona of 5 fleshy clavate lobes insert
in the sinuses between the corolla-lobes. Stamens inserted near the
base of the corolla-tube ; filaments free ; anthers united at their base to
the dilated part of the style, connivent in a cone, triangular, with the
connective produced into a fleshy apiculus, glabrous. Pollen granu we
Pollen-carriers with the margins inrolled soas to nearly form an oblique-
mouthed tube, broadly ovate when flattened out, grooved down the bac :
Style shortly conical at the apex, shorter than the anthers. Follicles
and seeds not seen.—A climbing or bushy shrub, with milky jue
Leaves opposite. Flowers of moderate size, in few-flowered cyme>
axillary form both axils and terminal.
bo
t
co
Stomatostemma. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEX (BROWN).
Species 1, also in South Africa.
I have generically separated this plant from Cryptolepis, chiefly on account ot
the position of the coronal-lobes. These are much more distant from the stamens
than they are in Cryptolepis, occupying the same place that the sinus-pockets do in
that genus and probably represent the same organs, whilst the coronal-lobes of
Cryptolepis (arising at the middle of the corolla-tube), are not represented in Stoma-
tostemma. The corolla also differs from that of Cryptolepis in being more inflated
and more obtuse when in bud, and in having a much broader tube and broader lobes
than in any species of that genus, The generic name is formed from oropa, a
wouth, and oreupa, a crown, in allusion to the position of the corona at the mouth
of the corolla-tube,
1. S. Monteiroz, V. ZH. Br. A small bush 4-5 ft. high, or a
climber, glabrous in all parts. Leaves 14~3 in. long, rae in, broad,
oblong, lanceolate or cuneate-obovate, obtuse or acute, sometimes apicu-
late, narrowed at the base into a 1—2 lin. long petiole. Cymes 1-1} in.
long, few-flowered, terminal and subcorymbose, or arranged along the
terminal part of the stem and branches in a racemose manner ; pedicels
3-4) lin. long, with two minute bracts at about the middle. Sepals
1-1} lin. long, ovate-oblong, obtuse. Corolla about 1 in, in diam.,
¢ream-coloured with a purple-brown centre, somewhat inflated ellipsoid
and obtuse when in bud ; tube 2-3 lin. long, broadly campanulate ; lobes
2 in. long, 2-21 lin, broad, oblong, obtuse, with revolute margins.
Coronal-lobes inserted at the sinuses of the corolla, 1 lin. long; clavate,
fleshy, dark purple-brown or blackish in the dried state. Anthers
acuminate, connivent over the short conical apex of the style, whitish
159, Osh. —Cryptolepis Monteiroe, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. xvi. t.
ddl,
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland; near Lake Ngami,
MeCahe, 10!
Also at Delagoa Bay and in the Transvaal.
This species is stated by Mr. McCabe, on his label, to be a “small bush or tree
growing among rocks,” whilst Mrs. Monteiro, who collected it at Delagoa Bay, and
Mr. Galpin who collected it near Barberton iu the Transvaal, both state that it is a
climber. But I cannot find the least difference in the flowers from the different
localities. It would appear that in the more humid coast region the plant is a
climber with broader leaves and a somewhat lax inflorescence, whilst in the drier
inland region it becomes a bush with narrower leaves and a more compact In-
florescence,
4, BATESANTHUS, N. E. Br. in Hook. Ie. PI. t. 2500.
_ , Calyx D-partite. Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, very deeply
)-lobed ; lobes broad, overlapping to the left in bud. Corona in-
distinct, arising from the bottom of the corolla, annular, with 5 very
short lobules, which are adnate to the base of the filaments of the
stamens. Stamens 5 ; filaments free ; anthers erect, oblong, appendaged
at the apex, connivent over the apex of the style, united to the dilated
part of it at their base, and cohering by their appendages at the a
Pollen granular. Pollen-carrier with a rhomboid deeply divided blade
254 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Batesanthus.
on a short slender stalk. Style shortly conical at the apex. Follicles.
stout, erect, parallel, united at their base. Seeds flattened, keeled on
one face, densely fringed all round with very long white hairs, other-
wise glabrous.—A twining shrub with milky juice. Leaves opposite,
large, petiolate. Stipules frill-like reflexed. Flowers moderately large,
in long lax panicles.—Perithryx, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
1898, 65.
Monotypic, endemic,
A remarkable genus, very similar to Chlorocodon in habit and stipules, but with
a coronal structure more like that of Gymnolema.
1. B. purpureus, V. L. Br. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2500. A woody
twiner ; stems glabrous, slightly verrucose, chocolate-coloured. Leaves
distant ; petiole 1} in. long; blade 6-7 in. long, 3-34 in. broad, oblong
or elliptic-oblong, cuspidate-acute, cordate at the base, glabrous on both
sides. Stipules interpetiolar, transverse, reflexed, toothed, very con-
spicuous. Panicle axillary, about 1 ft. long, including the 3-4 in. long
peduncle, lax, its branches 13-2 in. distant, opposite, ?}-21 in. long,
1—3-flowered ; bracts 1 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, very deciduous
leaving a ring-like scar; pedicels 3-7 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals
1-1} lin. long, ? lin. broad, ovate, subacute, glabrous, minutely ciliolate.
Corolla large, rotate or with the lobes campanulately spreading, dark
purple, 5-lobed to within 1} lin. of the base; lobes 9 lin. long, 5-54 lin.
broad, elliptic-oblong, very obtusely rounded at the apex, glabrous ou
both sides, not ciliate. Corona indistinct, annular, shortly 5-lobed;
lobes adnate to the base of the staminal-filaments, emarginate. Staminal-
filaments, about 4 lin. long, linear; anthers ? lin. long, linear-oblong,
connate at the apex by their short ovate appendages, quite glabrous.
Style shortly conical at the apex, acute. Follicles about 44 in. long,
? in. thick, fusiform, shortly beaked, erect, parallel, connate for about
fin. at their base, glabrous. Seeds 4-5 lin. long, 1}-2 lin. broad,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, compressed, acutely keeled on one side,
fringed all round the margin (but more densely at the two ends), with
very long white hairs, otherwise glabrous, blackish.—K. Schum. 12
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zum. ii—iv. 286, and Nachtr. 1,
zum. iiiv. 60.—Perithryx glabra, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par's,
1898, 66.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Efulen, Bates, 383!
Lower Guinea. Gaboon : Libreville, on the Gaboon River, Klaine, 513!
When enclosed in the follicles, some of the hairs around the margin of the seeds
are reflexed so as to conceal the glabrous sides, but they probably spread out when
the seeds are liberated from the follicle.
5, CHLOROCODON, Hook. f.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 74°.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate-rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the
base; lobes overlapping to the left in bud. Corona of 5 10
arising from the base of the staminal-filaments, free to their base, very
Chlovocodon. | LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 255-
broadly obcordate or obreniform, with or without an erect or incurved
dorsal process. Stamens arising from the base of the corolla; filaments.
very short and broad ; anthers large, triangular, adhering to the style,
connivent in a cone, connate at the tips. Pollen granular. Style not
exceeding the anthers, conical at the apex.—Large climbers with opposite-
cordate leaves, well developed frill-like stipules, and axillary panicles of
moderate sized flowers.
Species 2, one found also in Natal.
Allied to Tacazzia, but differing in the broad basal part of the coronal-lobes,
and in the large frill-like stipules, which (with the exception of 7. stipularis,
N. E. Br), are absent in Tacazzia.
Coronal-lobes with a linear dorsal process . ‘ - 1. C. Whiteit.
Coronal-lobes without a dorsal process . . - 2. C. ecornutus,
_ 1. C. Whiteii, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5898. Stem climbing,
minutely pubescent, Leaves distant, spreading ; petiole 1}—2} in. long ;
blade 4~7 in. long, 3—5 in. broad ; cordate-ovate or cordate-elliptic,
cuspidate, glabrous or minutely subscabrous-pubescent on both sides, or
softly pubescent beneath. Stipules forming a reflexed toothed frill,.
connecting the petioles. Flowers in axillary pedunculate paniculate
cymes 2}—6 in. long, minutely puberulous on the branches and pedicels ;
bracts 2-3 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate; pedicels
6-9 lin. long. Sepals 2-24 lin. long, 1-1} lin. broad, ovate, acute,
glabrous or puberulous. Corolla subrotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base ;
lobes 9-6 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtuse, glabrous, very
minutely ciliate along one margin, purple, with the margins and a short
central stripe at the base green. Coronal-lobes very broadly obcordate,
fleshy, white, 1 lin. long, 1-2 lin. broad, having a widely spreading,
subulate, linear or linear-lanceolate, purple dorsal process 2-24 lin.
long, acute or bifid at the apex. Follicles 3-4 in. long, 13-1} in. thick,
ovoid-lanceolate, obtuse, widely divergent.—Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam, iv. 215 & 217, fig. 64, O-Q; Gard. Chron. 1895, xviii. 234 & 243,
fig. 48, erroneous as to the corona; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i.
680; Wood & Evans, Natal Pl. i. 27, t. 31. Periploca latifolia, K.
Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C. 321, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 232.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker, 589! 1397!
Lower Guinea. Angola : Bumbo; in rocky places near the River Bruco,
Welwitsch, 4221! Pungo Andongo; Barrancos de Songue, Welwitsch, 4220! along
streams throughout the Presidium, Welwitsch, 4218! in forests, Welwitsch, 4219 !
Golungo Alto; mountains of Queta, Welwitsch, 4211! 6013!
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Karagwe; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 1619.
British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 168!
Also in Natal, where it is called by the natives “Mundi” or “ Umundi,” the
root being used as a touic. According to Buchanan the seeds are “said to be used
88 @n arrow poison.”
__The flowers are represented in the Botanical Magazine as being pale greenish
With a purple blotch at the base of the lobes, but in the dried flowers of the type
Specimen and in all the living flowers I have seen, the colour is as described above.
Messrs, Wood & Evans, however; describe a form with “ dull greenish-white flowers.”
256 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEH (BROWN). [ Chlorocodon.
In the Gardener’s Chronicle the dorsal processes of the coronal-lobes are inaccurately
represented as being incumbent on the backs of the anthers, instead of spreading,
which is their natural position in the open flower.
2. C. ecornutus, .V. £. Br. (ecornuta by error) in Kew Bulletin,
1895, 111. Stem, leaves, stipules, and inflorescence as in C. Whiteii,
but more glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long and broad, orbicular or elliptic,
very obtusely rounded, glabrous. Corolla 9-10 lin. in diam., giabrous ;
lobes 4 lin. long, 2} lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, Coronal-lobes about }
the length of the anthers, fleshy, transverse and subbilobed or broadly
obcordate, no dorsal process.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Ptianzen-
fam. iv. ii. 215, & in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 425.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Ribe, near Mombasa, Wakefield !
The corolla is rather smaller and dries a darker colour than that of C. Whiteii.
6. OMPHALOGONUS, Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
1889, ii. 812.
Sepals imbricate. Corolla rotate, ovoid in bud ; lobes overlapping to
the left, at length spreading. Corona double, spreading, with the
radiating lobes adnate to the corolla within ; outer lobes obtusely tri-
gonous, obtuse ; inner lobes obovate-oblong, boat-shaped, concave in
the middle, obcordate at the apex. Stamens 5, affixed to the bottom
of the corolla; filaments slender, free; anthers apiculate, setose.
Pollen granular. Pollen-carrier obovate.—A glabrous twiner. Leaves
opposite, large, cordate, acuminate, richly penninerved. Cymes lateral
from one axil, about equalling the petiole, pedunculate, loosely dicho-
tomous.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. il. 221.
Omphalagonus, Baill., Hist. des. Pl. x. 300,
Species 1, endemic, unknown to me, but appears to be allied to Chlorocodon.
1. O. calopbyllus, Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. 812;
and Hist. Pl. x. 300, name only, no description beyond the above.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, ex Baillon.
7. PERIPLOCA, L.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 746.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base; lobes
overlapping and slightly twisted to the left in bud. Corona of 9,
filiform or linear lobes, arising from the corolla at or a little above
the insertion of the stamens and opposite to them, simple or divided,
with or without a more or less broadly dilated base, which is often
more or less spreading on and adnate to the base of the corolla-lobes,
and usually two-keeled within. Stamens arising from the corolla a little
above its base; filaments free, short; anthers adnate to the style at
their base, hairy on the back or at the base, with the connective
produced into an apiculus, by which they are usually connate at
their tips. Pollen granular. Style shorter than the anthers, conve
Periploca. | _ LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 257
or subtruncate at the apex. Follicles smooth. Seeds crowned with
a tuft of hairs.—Twining or erect shrubs, rarely leafless. Leaves
opposite. Flowers of moderate size, or small, in lax axillary or terminal
cymes.
Species several; the genus extends into North Africa, the Canaries, S. Europe
and through the Orient into India and China.
Leptadenia visciformis, Vatke in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 1876, 146, may belong
‘to this genus.
Corolla-lobes bearded within,
Branches rather stout, stiff and usually leafless
Branches slender ; leaves long, linear. :
Corolla-lobes glabrous within, but with a velvety
sheen ; leaves elliptic-oblong . :
1. P. aphylia.
2. P. linearifolia.
i)
nigrescens.
1. Periploca aphylla, Decne. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 109 t. 116.
A branching glabrous or puberulous shrub, with stiff moderately stout
leafless branches, or sometimes the young shoots bear small oblong or
lnear-oblong obtuse or acute leaves 2-6 lin. long, 3-1} lin. broad, on
very short petioles. Cymes terminal on very short lateral branches,
5-20-flowered; bracts ‘minute, obtuse; pedicels 13-3 lin. long, gla-
brous or puberulous. Sepals 3-1 lin. long, 2-2 lin. broad, ovate or
ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous or puberulous. Corolla rotate, 6-7 lin.
in diam.; lobes 24-3 lin. long, 14-1} lin. broad, oblong-ovate, obtuse
or subacute, glabrous on the back, bordered on the inner face near
the margin with long white hairs, glabrous on the central part, with a
slightly raised lanceolate boss down the middle, formed of minute,
densely crowded papilla. Coronal-lobes 34 lin. long ; basal part trans-
versely oblong, truncate, with two wing-like keels down the inner face,
one near each margin; apical part filiform, erect, tortuous. Stamens
hairy on the back of the deltoid-ovate anthers; filaments glabrous.
Follicles widely divergent, 3-4 in. long, i in, thick, terete, acuminate,
glabrous or puberulous.—DC. Prod. viil. 499; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. st Be
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 12; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pilanzen-
fam. iv. ii, 216.
M Nile Land. Nubia: near the coast, about 21° N. latitude, Bent !
“ountains, Schweinfurth, 238! 340!
ara Egypt, and extending through Arabia and Persia into
Soturba
the plains of North-
2. P. linearifolia, Dill. d: Rich. in Ann. Se. Nat. sér. 2, xiv
263. A glabrous climber. Leaves 14-34 in. long, 1-3 lin. broad,
linear, acute. Cymes lax, several flowered, pedunculate, axillary and
terminal, often forming large compound cymes at the ends of the
branches ; bracts } lin. long, ovate. Sepals } lin. long, ovate, obtuse.
Corolla rotate, 5 lin. in diam.; lobes 2 lin. long, ? lin. broad, with
revolute margins, bearded within except along the middle. Coronal-
lobes subulate-filiform, minutely hairy, shortly dilated at the base
and two-keeled within, with the edges of the dilated part adnate to
the corolla, Stamens hairy on the back of the filaments and anthers.
VOL. Iv. s
258 LXXXY. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Periploce.
Follicles 34-5 in. long, 2 lin. thick, terete-attenuate, straight, horizon-
tally diverging, sometimes solitary—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii.
33. Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 498; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.
341. K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C. 321; in Engl. Jahrb.
xxviii. 454; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 216. P.
linearis, Hochst. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 498.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre; on Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 365! 1857!
near Adowa, Quartin Dillon & Petit! near Mai Gouagoua, Quartin Dillon!
Samen ; near Enjedcap, Schimper, 1332! Begemeder, Schimper, 226! Amba Sea,
Schimper! Shoa: Chakka Mountains, Roth, 417! and without precise locality,
Schimper, 987 !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, at Marangu, 4600 ft.,
Volkens, 269! Usambara; Heboma, Holst, 2573! Ukame; South Uluguru,
3900 ft., Goetze, 226 (ex Schumann).
3. P. nigrescens, :
Style distinctly exserted beyond the
anthers.
Cymes (in the dried state) usually about
+ (rarely $) in. in diam., with sub-
umbellate branches or flowers.
Style clavate-obconic or broadly dilated
at the top; leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate :
: . 15. S. punctulata,
Style terete or nearly so in the apical
part. :
Leaves lanceolate, acuminate . 16. S. mombasica.
Leaves orbicular or elliptic, obtuse
or acute, apiculate .
Cymes 3-13 in. in diam.
Branches of the cyme ascending or
somewhat clustered : style cylin-
dric, not dilated at the top nor
deeply bifid.
Leaves broadly ovate, thin, submem-
branous.
Leaves acute; pedicels 1-2 lin.
long . : 5 : 18. S. zambrsiaca.
. 17, S. Schweinfurthii.
278 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEH (LROWN). | Se. amone,
Leaves long-pointed, pedicels 2-34
lin.long . : ; beh9. S: Kanew.
Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acute,
subcoriaceous , ‘ é . 9. S. usambarica,
Branches of the cyme widely spreading.
Style divided nearly to the middle of
the apical part into 2 subulate
acute lobes. és a . 8. S. leonense.
Style distinctly thickened or dilated
at the top of the apical part.
Branches of the cyme distinctly
pubescent.
Leaves 13-2} in. long; cymes
1-1} in. in diam. . . 5, S. platystigma.
Leaves 3-11} in. long; cymes
3-2 in.indiam. . . 7. S. micrandra.
Branches of the cyme glabrous . 10. S. sansibariensis.
1. S. gracilis, V. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 248. A slender
scrambling or climbing shrub, quite glabrous in all parts. Branchlets
much divided, very slender. Leaves shortly petiolate, 4-8 lin. long,
2-4 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, rounded or subcuneate at the base,
membranous. Flowers few; peduncle 1 lin. long or less, 1- or rarely
2-flowered ; pedicels 3 lin. long, very slender. Sepals less than 3 lin.
long, ovate or oblong, obtuse or subacute. Corolla 2 lin. long, white or
yellowish, campanulate, 5-lobed to rather more than half way down,
thin and membranous, with a membranous flap forming a pocket at the
base of each sinus between the oblong obtuse lobes and a slender ridge
running from the base of the pocket to the bottom of the corolla-tube.
Coronal-lobes nearly or quite as long as the staminal-column, falcate,
erect. Style protruded much beyond’the anthers; apical part broadly
obconic, subtruncately bilobed.
Wile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Wakefield !
_ 2. S. erythradenia, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 141. :
climbing shrub, clothed with a minute rust-coloured pubescence on the
Leaves shortly
young shoots, petioles, midribs and inflorescence.
petiolate, 3-1 in, long, 24-5 lin. broad, ovate or lanceolate, acute,
rounded at the base, glabrous on both sides except the midrib, y ellowish-
green beneath. Cymes laxly 2-5-flowered ; peduncles 1-1} lin. long;
pedicels 2—3 lin. long, bracteate at the base; bracts }-1 lin. long,
lanceolate, acute, Sepals 1 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Corol
white; tube 1} lin. long, campanulate ; lobes spreading, 1} lin. long,
oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes exceeding the stamens, falcately incurv'
over the anthers. Style protruded much beyond the anthers; 2p
part ovoid-clavate, shortly bifid. Follicles immature in the specimens
seen, 2} in. long, 2 lin. thick at the base, attenuate-terete, smoc™
slightly reflexe .—Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 262, fig. ‘%
F—J, and 263; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 681.
Lower Guinea, Angola: Huilla; in wooded parts of Morro de Lopol
Welwitsch, 5941!
Jo,
Secamone. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 279
3. S. retusa, V. LY. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 248. A scrambling
or climbing: shrub, glabrous in all parts. Leaves coriaceous, pale
beneath, 1-22 in. long, 7-10 lin. broad, oblong or obovate-oblong, retuse
or emargina‘ce, with a short apiculus ; base subcuneate; margins revolute ;
petioles 1-1/} lin. long. Cymes few, axillary, pedunculate, laxly 2-3
times dichotomously branched ; branches t-# in. long, slender, distantly
2-3-flowered ; bracts } lin. long, ovate, acute; pedicels | 3-2 lin. long,
slender. Sepals 4 lin. long, elliptic, obtuse. Corolla 2 lin. in diam.,
rotate-campanulate, lobed to 7 of the way down; lobes oblong, obtuse.
Coronal-lobes minute, deltoid-subulate, spreading, shorter than the
Stamens. Style protruded much beyond the anthers; apical part broadly
obconic, truncately 2-lobed.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Kirk /
4. S. Alpini, Schult. in Roem. &: Schult. Syst. Vey. vi. 125 (excl. syn.
Secamone, Alpin. dgypt. (ed. 1640) 133, and 134 fig.). A scrambling
shrub, Stem woody, glabrous or with a rust-coloured deciduous pubescence
on the very young parts. Leaves subcoriaceous; petiole 1-4 lin. long ;
blade 3-2} in. long, 4-1 in. broad, oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, obtuse,
acute, or shortly acuminate, acute or cuneately rounded at the base, gla-
brous on both sides in the adult state, rusty-puberulous when very young.
Cymes in terminal or axillary, pyramidal or corymobose panicles, }—1}
in. long and broad, and excluding the corolla rusty-puberulous or sub-
glabrous in all parts; peduncles }-} in. long; bracts } lin. long,
ovate, acute ; pedicels 14-2} lin. long. Sepals } lin. long, ovate, obtuse
or subacute. Corolla 13-2 lin. in diam., glabrous outside, pubescent
with white hairs inside; tube scarcely } lin. long; lobes spreading,
$-} lin. long, $ lin. broad, oblong-ovate, subacute or minutely and
obliquely emarginate at the apex. Coronal-lobes about 4} lin. long,
subulate, incurved over the tips of the anthers. Style about equalling
or slightly exceeding the anthers, apical part stout, truncate. — Follicles
widely divergent or slightly reflexed, 3—4 in. long, about 14 lin. thick,
subterete, tapering to a rather long point. Seeds } in. long, { lin.
broad, linear-lanceolate, channelled down the face, very convex on the
k, blackish-brown, glabrous, crowned with a tuft of long white hairs.
—S. Thunbergii, E. Mey. Comm. 224; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 501;
\; Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 263. Periploca
Secamone, Linn. Mant. Alt. 21 6, excl, both synonyms ; Thunb. Prodr. 47,
and Fi, Cap. ed. Schult. 233.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Malosa, 4000-
6000 ft., Whyte / Mount Zomba, 4000-5000 ft., Whyte !
Also in South Africa.
a As the above quoted specimens are without fruit, the fe
aetna from South African examples. The species is easi
Owers being pubescent inside. . b
The Egyptian plant described and figured by Alpino has been ee
wuthors. Linnaeus & Schultes wrongly refer it to this gga ores + to
Sccur north of the Ec dw known to Alpino.
“quator and was ul ee rs no
stelma Alpini, Decne., a somewhat remarkable error, as Alpino’s figure bea
ollicles and seeds are
ly recognised by the
all
280 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEA (BROWN). [ Secamone.
resemblance to that plant. The figure in \question is a fairly good one for that
period and is undoubtedly a representation of Leptadenia heterophylla, Decne.
The plant described by Schultes as Secamone Alpini is characterisecl in such an un-
mistakable manner that is is quite evident the description was mawe entirely from
the Seuth African, without reference to the Egyptian plant of Alpin o,
5. S. platystigma, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 148. A
glabrous climber. Leaves 14—24in. long, 1-114 in. broad, shortly petio-
late, varying from lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, acuminate, rounded or
broadly cuneate at the base. Cymes usually numerous, «axillary and
terminal on lateral shoots, many-flowered, 3-1} in. in diam., more or
less clothed with minute incurved rust-coloured hairs ; brancnes widely
spreading ; peduncles 3-1} in. long ; bracts % lin. long, ovate, obtuse,
minutely ciliate; pedicels 1-1} lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 3-1 lin.
long, broadly ovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla rotate-cam panu-
late ; lobes 14 lin. long, twice as long as the tube, oblong, obtuse,
glabrous or with a somewhat velvety surface within, but not pubescent.
Coronal-lobes reaching nearly to the tips of the anthers, falcate, in-
curved. Anthers more or less bearded or laciniate at the apex. Style
protruded much beyond the anthers; apical part stout, ovoid-clavate,
two-lobed or rarely entire-——K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 262, fig. 76, K—L, inaccurate ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 681.
Toxocarpus africanus, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 109, t. 118, fig. A.
Wile Land. British East Africa: Unyoro; in thickets, Speke & Grant!
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; in dense forests near Cambondo,
Welwitsch, 5935! 5944! forests of Sobato Cabanga Cacalunga, Welwitsch, 5936 !
at Ndelle, Vi elwitsch, 5943! forests of Quilombo Quiacatubia, Welwitsch, 5945 !
Sobato de Mussengue, Welwitsch, 5946! Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5947!
Mechow, 92 (ex Schumann).
The plate of Torocarpus africanus, Oliv., is inaccurate as to the open flowers on
the plant, and also as to the analyses, for the type specimen is only in very young
bud, with the corolla not even exserted from the calyx. So far as the specimen
goes, it agrees with Secamone platystigma, K. Schum., but further material is
required to make the identification certain,
6. S. myrtifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 453. Stem glabrous
climbing. Leaves spreading, coriaceous, glabrous ; petiole 2-3 lin. long;
blade 13-23 in. long, 3-1} in. broad, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong,
acute or acuminate, obtusely or cuneately rounded at the base. Cymes
numerous, many-flowered, } in. in diam., arranged in small axillary and
terminal pedunculate panicles 14-24 in. long, }-1} in. in diam., pubes-
cent with minute rust-coloured hairs on the peduncle and branches +
bracts 4 lin. long, ovate, acute or obtuse; pedicels }—1 lin. long, usu ally
with 1-3 bracteoles. Sepals elliptic-ovate, obtuse. Corolla 1-14 lin. in
diam., rotate-campanulate, 5-lobed to 2 of the way down, glabrous;
greenish. Coronal-lobes minute, compressed, deltoid-subulate, incurved
or subfalcate, 4 lin. long, arising near the base of the staminal-colump,
which is } lin. long and slightly enlarged above. Style not produ }
beyond the anthers.—K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 234, and in Eng).
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 262. S. Afeelii, K. Schum. in Eng!
Secamone. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE& (BROWN). 281
Jahrb, xxiii, 234. Apocynum frutescens, Afzel. Remed. Guin. 28.
Ichnocarpus Afzelii, Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. iv. 399.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Mbidjem, Thierry, 58! Gold Coast: Aburi
Hills, Johnson, 442! Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 29! Lagos: Abeokuta, Irving, 12!
Ikiri, Millen, 51! and without precise locality, Millen, 121! Cameroons: Bipinde,
Zenker, 1052! Yaunde, Zenker, 1495!
Lower Guinea. Gaboon River, Wann, 937!
_7. S. micrandra, K. Schum. in Kngl. Jahrb. xvii. 142. Stem.
climbing, slender, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, 4-1} in. long,
1}-6 lin. broad, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or rarely ovate, acute,
obtuse or rounded at the base. Cymes numerous, small, }—}in. in diam.,
pedunulate, axillary and terminal on short lateral glabrous shoots,
several-flowered, rusty-pubescent on the 3-5 lin. long peduncle and its
widely-spreading branches ; bracts 4_} lin. long, ovate, acute; pedicels
#1 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals } lin. long, ovate, obtuse, glabrous.
Corolla 2-24 lin. in diam., rotate-campanulate, 5-lobed to 3 of the way
down, “ bright yellow, sweet-scented ” (Monteiro). Coronal-iobes arising
towards the base of tne staminal-column and about half as long, com-
pressed. Anthers not bearded at the apex. Style distinctly protruded
beyond the anthers; apical part slightly clavate.—Hiern in Cat. Afr.
Pl. Welw. i. 681.
_ Lower Guinea. Angola: Ambriz, Mouteiro ! Golungo Alto; in dense forests
in Sobato Quilombo, Welwitsch, 5942 !
8. S. leonense, V. “. Br. Stem climbing, glabrous, with the
exception of sume minute red hairs in the axils of the leaves. Leaves
spreading, shortly petiolate, 1-1} in. long, 5—9 lin. broad, ovate, acute
or acuminate, cuneately rounded at the base. Cymes axillary, or
terminal on short lateral glabrous shoots, or in small panicles 1-1}
in. long, usually about # in. in diam., trichotomous, with widely spread-
ing branches, which are minutely reddish-pubescent ; peduncles 3-6
- long; bracts 4—} lin. long, ovate, obtuse ; pedicels 1} lin. long.
Sepals + lin. long, ovate, obtuse. Corolla 24-3 lin. in diam., glabrous,
apparently yellow; tube not longer than the sepals; lobes 1} lin. long,.
oblong, obtuse, spreading. Coronal-lobes minute, } as long as the
staminal-column. Anthers slightly hairy at the apex. Style protuded
jin, beyond the anthers ; apical part very slightly thickened upwards,
divided nearly to the middle into 2 subulate acute lobes.— 7owocarpus
eonensis, Scott-Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 92.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Sugar Loaf, Scott -Elliot, 5773!
9. S. usambarica, V. Z. Br. Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves
Spreading, thinly coriaceous ; petiole 1}—-2 lin. long ; blade }-14 in. long,
10 lin. broad, oblong or oblong-ovate, acute, rounded at the base,
glabrous on both sides; secondary lateral veins scarcely or not at all
Visible on either side. Cymes axillary, about 4 in. in diam., lax, few-
flowered, with ascending branches; peduncles 2-3} lin. long, glabrous ;.
282 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE® (BROWN). | Secamone.
bracts about } lin. long, ovate, subobtuse, ciliolate; pedicels 1}
lin. long, glabrous. Sepals } lin. long, elliptic, obtuse, minutely
ciliate. Corolla about 2 lin. in diam., glabrous ; tube about + lin. long ;
lobes { lin. long, elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes minute, com-
pressed, falcate-oblong, obtuse, reaching to about 3 the height of the
staminal-column. Style shortly exserted beyond the anthers; apical
part cylindric, obtuse, not at all dilated at the top.—. emetica, var.
glabra, K. Schum. in Engl. Pf, Ost.-Afr. C. 324.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Masheua, Holst, 3555!
Probably Stuhlmann, 7356, collected in German East Africa, should be referred
to this species ; it closely resembles Holst’s specimen in leaves and flowers, but the
young shoots and peduncles are thinly covered with minute adpressed hairs, which
are not present in S. usambarica,
10. S. sansibariensis, A. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 325.
Branches slender, glabrous. Leaves very shortly petiolate, 3-2 in. long,
33-7 lin. broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
papyraceous. Cymes axillary and terminal on short lateral shoots, lax,
3-4 in. in diam., with spreading branches, several-flowered, glabrous.
Sepals } lin. long, and nearly as broad, oblong-ovate, obtuse, glabrous,
minutely ciliate. Corolla about 21 lin. in diam., rotate-campanulate;
lobes {-1 lin. long, twice as long as the tube, oblong, obtuse, glabrous.
Coronal-lobes minute, linear, subobtuse, reaching to about the middle
of the anthers, which are glabrous and not bearded or laciniate at the
apex. Style protuded for } lin. beyond the anthers, apical part
abruptly dilated into a large, fleshy, subbilobed head, nearly } lin.
-diam.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann, Coll, i. 533! 490! 573! 572 and 72
(ex Schumann),
11. S. floribunda, V. /. Zr. Stem more or less twining, pubes
-cent on the young branches with short spreading rust-coloured mere
Leaves shortly petiolate, 1-11 in. long, 4-6 lin. broad, pie
Shortly acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous on both sides
-or with a few hairs on the underside of the midrib ; somewhat glaucous
beneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate, corymbose, }-1 in. in on
many-flowered, not dense, clothed in all parts (except the corolla), vine
a short rust-coloured villous pubescence; bracts $ lin. long, ovale;
acute; pedicels 1}-2 lin. long. Sepals } lin. long, ovate, ete
ciliate. Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, 2 lin. in diam., 5-10
to { of the way down, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute, compr' -
falcate-subulate, arising from the basal half of the staminal-column-
Style not produced beyond the anthers.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usmawo ; Kageyi on t
Lake Victoria, Fischer, 396!
he south of
r, different in
This is similar to $. Whytei, N. E. Br., but the leaves are smalle * ‘the anthers
texture and glaucous beneath whilst the style is not produced beyon
-as it isin S. Whytei.
Secamone. | _ LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE2 (BROWN). 283
12. S. Whytei, V. “4. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 308. Stem
twining, with a rust-coloured spreading pubescence in the young state,
becoming glabrous; bark reddish-brown. Leaves shortly petiolate,
14-23 in. long, 43-10 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the
upex, slightly rounded or acute at the base, at first pubescent on both
sides with rust-coloured hairs, at length glabrous above or on both
sides. Cymes about 1 in. in diam., corymbose, compound ; divisions
with peduncles 1-3 lin. long, 2—3-flowered, or again dichotomously
or ternately branched ; all parts except the corolla clothed with short
spreading rust-coloured hairs; bracts }-} lin. long and broad, ovate,
acute; pedicels 2-4 lin. long, slender. Sepals 3 lin. long, $ lin.
broad, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Corolla 2 lin, in diam.,
glabrous ; tube } lin. long, campanulate; lobes spreading, 4 lin. long,
2 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes minute, erect, falcate-subu-
late, as long as the anthers and incurved over their tips. Style exserted
much beyond the anthers; apical part globose, puberulous.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mount Malosa, 4000—
6000 ft., Whyte !
13. S. Stuhlmannii, A. Schum. in Engl. Pl. Ost-A ifr. C. 329.
Branches softly tomentose with minute brownish hairs on the young
parts. Leaves small, rarely more than 7-8 lin. long, 33-43 lin. broad,
ovate, acute, somewhat rounded at the base, puberulous on both sides ;
at length nearly glabrous above. Cymes 2-3 lin. in diam., compact,
about 5—6-flowered, very shortly pedunculate, all parts except the corolla
subtomentose like the stem; bracts }—} lin. long, lanceolate, acute ;
peduncles and pedicels }—3 lin. long. Sepals 3-3 lin. long, oblong,
obtuse. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base; lobes 2 lin. long, five
times as long as the tube, elliptic-oblong, obtuse and slightly cochleate
at the apex, dark brown in the dried state, with rather broad whitish
semitransparent margins, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute, erect, subu-
late, half as long as the staminal-column, or rather more. Anthers
connate by their tips around the style, not fringed or bearded at their
apex. Style slightly exceeding the anthers; apical part broad and
¢ushion-like with a transverse groove—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 262.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa :
mann, 1894 !
Karagwe ; Kafuro, 4000 ft., Stuhl-
in DC. Prod. viii. 501. A twining
shrub with slender woody stems, glabrous in all parts. Leaves shortly
petiolate, 1} in. long, 4-2 lin. broad, linear or oblong-linear, acute or
obtuse, minutely apiculate, acute or rounded at the base. ibe
‘compact, umbel-like, 3-4 lin. in diam., lateral or terminating . ac
lateral shoots ; peduncles 3-14 lin. long; bracts minute; pe ice s
1~2 lin. long. Sepals scarcely lin. long, ovate or ovate-oblong, sage
very minutely ciliolate. Corolla 5-lobed to of the way down; lo = 3
in. long, } lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute,
14. S. frutescens, Decne.
284 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEA (BROWN). | Secamone.
compressed-quadrate, adnate to and scarcely half as tall as the staminal-
column. Style truncate, just exserted beyond the anthers, like a
minute cushion. Follicles 3 in. long and about } in. thick, subterete,
acuminate, smooth, glabrous.—Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xx., Beibl.
51, 12; K.Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. il. 262.
Mozamb. Dist. Tropical Transvaal; mountains near Tsacoma (Jacoma?),
3600 ft., Schlechter, 4540.
Described from South African specimens, I have seen no Tropical example.
15. S. punctulata, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 502. Stem elimbing,
slender, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, 1-2} in. long, 4-10 lin.
broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse and apiculate,
rounded or sub-cuneate at the base, glabrous on both sides. Cymes small,
axillary and terminal on short lateral shoots, which often become leaf-
less at the flowering nodes, shortly pedunculate, }—} in. in diam., mode-
rately compact, with very short subumbellate branches ; peduncles
1-4 lin. long, nearly glabrous or with a few minute spreading reddish
hairs; bracts 3 lin. long, ovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate ; pedicels.
4-1 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals } lin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse.
Corolla 1} lin. in diam., sub-campanulate, 5-lobed to 2 the way down,
glabrous. Coronal-lobes erect, reaching to the base of the anthers.
Style exserted much beyond the anthers; apical part clavate-obconic
or broadly dilated at the top. —K. Schum. in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 324.
Mozamb. Dist. Pemba Island, Bojer! German East Africa: Zanquebar,
Kirk!
: Var. 8 stenophylla,N. E. Br. Leaves 14-21 in. long, 13-3 lin. broad, linear or
linear-oblong, acute, rounded at the base.—S. stenophylla, K. Schum. in Engl. Pal.
Ost-Afr. C. 325.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Masheua, Holst, 3510!
I find no distinction besides the form of the leaves between S. stenophylla and
S. punctulata, and the Zanquebar specimen is intermediate between the two.
The name punctulata refers to the dots often visible in the leaves ; they are formed
by crystals of lime.
16. S. mombasica, V. £. Br. Stem climbing, with slender
straight flowering-branches, glabrous. Leaves spreading, thin; petiole
13-2 lin. long; blade #-Ih in. long, 24-6 lin. broad, lanceolate, more or
less acuminate, glabrous on both sides. Cymes axillary, small, 3—4 lin.
in diam., umbellately 3—6-flowered ; peduncles 1-2 lin. long, glabrous ;
bracts minute, ovate, obtuse, ciliate ; pedicels 1-1} lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals about } lin. long, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, ciliolate. Corolla 2 jin.
in diam., glabrous, white ; tube }lin. long ; lobes spreading, 1 lin. long,
oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes compressed, broadly falcate, obtuse,
reaching to the middle or 3 of the height of the staminal-column. Style
shortly exserted beyond the anthers ; apical part cylindric, obtuse.
Wile Land. British East Africa : near Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 1979!
143-
17. S. Schweinfurthii, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. te
a
Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves thin; petiole 3-1} lin. long;
Secamone. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEEH (BROWN). 285
1-1} in. long, 34-10 lin. broad, varying from elliptic to orbicular, usu-
ally about equally acute or obtuse at both ends, apiculate or very shortly
sub-cuspidate, glabrous on both sides ; secondary lateral veins evident
only on the underside, but not very conspicuous, reticulate. Cymes
axillary and terminal on short lateral glabrous shoots, pedunculate, com-
pactly 3-6-flowered, +—-} in. in diam. ; peduncles 15-6 lin. long, more or
less puberulous ; bracts }—} lin. long, ovate, obtuse, ciliate; pedicels
1-1} lin. long, glabrous. Sepals } lin. long, oblong-elliptic, obtuse,
ciliate. Corolla 2lin.indiam., glabrous; tube 4 lin. long, campanulate ;
lobes spreading 1-1} lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes minute,
subfaleate, erect, not reaching to the top of the staminal-column. Style
shortly protruded beyond the anthers ; apical part terete or very slightly
clavate, minutely bilobulate. Follicles widely divergent, glabrous, only
seen in a young state.—K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 325.
Gymnema parvifolium, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. rh, GE
Wile Land. British East Africa : Bongo; Kulongo, Schweinfurth, 2232!
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Kilimanj tro, 590) ft., Jornston !
18. S. zambesiaca, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 303. Stem
twining, with two thinly and minutely adpressed-pubescent lines along
the flowering shoots, becoming glabrous. Leaves thin; petiole 2—3 lin.
long ; blade 14-i2in. long, 3-1} in. broad, broadly ovate, acute, broadly
rounded at the base, glabrous on both sides ; secondary lateral veins
evident beneath, reticulate. Cymes axillary and terminal, about 4 in.
in diam., 3-8-flowered, with ascending branches; peduncles usually
3-4 lin, long, those of the terminal cymes less, puberulous down one
side; bracts 4-1 lin. long, ovate, subobtuse, minutely ciliate ; pedicels
1-2 lin. long, thinly puberulous on one side. Sepals } lin. long, elliptic-
ovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla about 2 lin. in diam., glabrous ;
tube } lin. long ; lobes 1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes fal-
cate, acute, reaching nearly to the top of the staminal-column. Style
shortly exserted beyond the anthers ; apical part cylindric, not thickened
at the top, subacute. Follicles 3}-34 in. long, 2-24 lin. thick, terete,
tapering to a long acute point, glabrous, very spreading or slightly
reflexed,
-Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; by the River Shire at
Chiromo, Scott-Elliot, 2803! and near Chikwawa, Kirk!
s very obscure and easily overlooked
The pubescence on the flowering shoots i :
falls off and in fruit the shoots are
unless examined with i
a powerful lens; 16 soon
glabrous, oo
19. S. Kirkii, V. Z. Br. im Kew Bulletin, 1895, 248. Stem
twining, glabrous. Leaves thin, scarcely coriaceous ; petiole 134-2
lin, long ; blade 14-2} in. long, 2-1} in. broad, broadly ovate, long-
acuminate, rounded or very broadly cuneate at the base, glabrous on
both Sides; secondary lateral veins very conspicuous on both sides,
reticulate. Cymes axillary or terminal, lax, about } in. in diam., few-
286 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.E (BROWN). | Secamone..
flowered, with ascending branches; peduncles 14-6 lin. long, glabrous;
bracts } lin. long, ovate, subobtuse, minutely ciliate; pedicels 2-3}
lin. long, glabrous. Sepals elliptic-ovate, obtuse or subacute, minutely
ciliate. Corolla 2-2} lin. in diam., glabrous; tube } lin. long; lobes
14 lin, long, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes compressed, falcate, reaching
nearly to the top of the staminal-column. Style shortly exserted beyond
the anthers; apical part cylindric, not at all dilated at the top.
Mozamb. Dist. German Kast Africa: Zanquebar, Kirk !
12. TOXOCARPUS, Wight and Arn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
FE ii. 746.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla deeply 5-fid; tube very short, campanulate
or shortly turbinate-campanulate; lobes spreading, longer than the
tube, overlapping to the right and straight or twisted to the left or to
the right in bud, and having two thickened ridges or bosses at their
base. Corona of 5 dorsally flattened lobes arising from the back of the
staminal filaments, alternating with the corolla-lobes. Stamens arising
from the bottom of the corolla; filaments adnate to the style, but not
connate with each other or only at the very base; anthers small, erect
or conniving around the style, with a minutely fimbriate submembranous
border. Pollen-masses very minute, ascending, apparently 2 to each of
the pale, rather soft, quadrate pollen-carriers, but each apparently
single mass usually consists of 2 subconnate often separable (or
occasionally perfectly consolidated) masses. Style produced beyond the
anthers into a beak.—Twiners with opposite leaves and axillary cymes
or racemes of small or moderate sized flowers.— Rhynchostigma, Benth.
in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 771.
Species several, mostly natives of Tropical Asia and the Malay Archipelago.
Dr. Schumann has united Toxocarpus with Secamone, whilst he maintains
Rhynchostigma as distinct. But in this I cannot agree with him, for Rhyn-
chostigma and Toxocarpus are certainly identical. On the other hand the dorsally
flattened coronal-lobes, combined pollen-masses, usually larger flowers, and rather
different habit of Toxocarpus, appear to me sufficient grounds for retaining it as dis-
tinct from Secamone. In its pollen-masses Tovocarpus forms a connecting link
between Secamone with its 4 very distinct pollen-masses and those genera having
but 2 pollen-masses, For in Toxocarpus the 2 pollen-masses contained in each lobe
of the anther are (at least in the dried state) more or less united into one body, the
double nature of which (when evident), is only indicated by a faint suture, although
the two parts can sometimes be separated by the dissecting needle. This, being
overlooked by Bentham, caused him to found a genus on the African species;
which he placed in the tribe of Marsdeniew, with which these plants have no
affinity, their whole type of structure being in entire agreement with the Indian
species of Torocarpus. Dr. Schumann makes no mention of the dorsally flattened
coronal-lobes or of the structure of the pollen-masses,
Flowers racemose, or 3 on the top of the peduncle . 1. TZ. racemosus.
Flowers in short cymes.
Corolla 5-6 lin. in diam.; lobes twisted in the
bud : : : : : : : . 2. T. brevipes.
Corolla 33-4 lin. in diam.; lobes not twisted in the
bud . x = : : : : . 8. 7. parviflorus.
Toxocarpus. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE4 (BROWN). 287
1. T. racemosus, .V. /. Br. Glabrous in all parts. Stem twining.
Leaves spreading ; petiole 5-9 lin. long; blade 24-4 in. long, 1-1} in.
broad, coriaceous, oblong, rather abruptly contracted into a somewhat
obtuse cusp about } in. long, rounded or cuneately rounded at the base.
revolute along the margins; midrib acutely prominent in a channel
above, prominent and rounded beneath; veins almost horizontally
spreading, straight, parallel, indistinct. Racemes axillary, }—6 in. long,
leafless, with 1-3 distant pairs and a terminal flower or occasionally
with more flowers, and bearing leaves at the lowest nodes; bracts #-1
lin. long, ovate, acute or obtuse, disarticulating just above the base ;
bracteoles similar to the bracts, persistent; pedicels 4—7 lin. long, with
4-5 pairs of bracteoles. Sepals 1 lin. long, oblong or ovate-oblong,
obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla 3 in. in diam.; tube 14-2 lin. long,
turbinate-campanulate, with 2 small thickened bosses alternating with
the lobes at the top; lobes 2 lin. long, recurved-spreading, oblong,
obtuse, with revolute margins, minutely ciliate at the apex. Coronal-
lobes 1} lin. long, erect, much exceeding the anthers, linear, more or
less channelled down the face, obtuse, truncate, incurved and slightly
hooded or slightly dilated at the apex. Style exserted for 1} lin.
beyond the anthers; apical part slender, attenuate.—Rhynchostigma
racemosum, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xii. 77, t. 1189; K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 283, fig. 85, R—S, and 287.
Upper Guinea. (Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 4500 ft., Mann, 1273!
2.T. brevipes, V. £. Br. Stem twining, covered with short
retrorsely spreading rust-coloured hairs on the young parts. Leaves
spreading; petiole 2-3 lin. long, at first rusty-pubescent, becoming
glabrous; blade 14-3 in. long, 4-14 in. broad, lanceolate-oblong or
elliptic-oblong, apiculate, broadly or acutely cuneate at the base, glabrous
on both sides, drying blackish above and brown or tawny- brown beneath.
Cymes subaxillary, subsessile or shortly pedunculate, dichotomous, with
ranches 8-74 lin. long, all parts except the corolla covered with an
adpressed rusty pubescence; peduncles 0-3 lin. long ; pedicels 2-6
lin. long; bracts 1 lin. long, ovate or lanceolate, acute. Sepals 1-1}
lin. Jong, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, subacute. Corolla 5-6 lin, in
diam., white, glabrous, with the exception of a few retrorse hairs within
the very short tube; lobes very spreading, twisted in bud, 24-34 lin.
long, 5 times as long as the tube. Coronal-lobes 4—} lin. long, erect,
* Scarcely or not at all exceeding the anthers, linear, obtuse or subacute,
flat or slightly channelled down the face. Style exserted for 3-1 lin.
yond the anthers; apical part conoid, cylindric, fusiform or subclavate,
obtuse.— Rhynchostigma brevipes, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xii, 78, sub. t.
1189; K, Schum. in Engl. & Pranti, Pflanzenfam, iv. ii. 287. kh. Layer,
De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 208.
“amone rubiginosa, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 233.
Upper . ! ‘oer Delta : Nun River, Mann, 484!
Barter” ee oe aye a sth 365! Batanga, Bates, 329!
Bipinde, Zenker, 1955! and without precise locality, Prewss, 446 !
288 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE& (BROWN). | Zoxocarpus.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Sabuka, near Stanley Pool, Zuja (ex De
Wildeman & Durand).
I have not seen a specimen of Rhynchostigma Lujei, De Wild. & Durand, but
-cannot find any character in the description to distinguish it from 7. brevipes.
3. 'T. parviflorus, V. #. Br. Very similar to 7. brevipes in all
characters except that the pubescence on the stem is more spreading,
the leaves more oblong and less acute, drying light brown or dull grey
above; the corolla is only 33-4 lin. in diam., with a short campanulate
tube, and lobes 14-1? lin. long and about 2} times as long as the tube,
not twisted in the bud. The coronal-lobes are nearly as in 7’. brevipes,
and the apical part of the style is conoid-fusiform, acute.—Rhynchostigma
parviflorum, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xii. 78, and K. Schum. in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 287.
Lower Guinea. Gaboon River, Mann, 983 !
Possibly only a small-flowered variety of 7. drevipes, differing in the above par-
ticulars.
13. MICROSTEPHANUS, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 249.
Calyx, deeply 5-lobed. Corolla-tube short, campanulate ; lobes
lanceolate, overlapping and twisted to the left in the bud. Corona of
5 minute lobes or teeth alternating with the anthers at their base.
Staminal-column arising a little above the bottom of the corolla-tube ;
filamental part very short; anthers oblong, erect, very convex on the
back, their horny margins or wings, which form the fissures leading to
the stigmatic cavities, being strongly incurved towards the centre of the
flower, forming 5 grooves between the anthers; appendages suberect,
membranous. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell,
attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by very short caudicles. Style
produced into a beak beyond the anther-appendages. Follicles lanceo-
late, acuminate, smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. Perennials
with procumbent or twining stems, opposite leaves, and few-flowered
umbel-like cymes of small flowers, sublateral between the bases of the
petioles.
A monotypic genus, native of Tropical Africa and Madagascar. I have separated
this genus Astephanus on account of the different structure of the anthers an
the presence of coronal-lobes, which although minute are distinctly evident when
searched for. In Astephanus I do not find the slightest trace of a corona, and the
anther-wings, which form the fissures opening to the stigmatic cavities, are rather
large and project outwards, but in Microstephanus the anther-wings are less
developed and are turned inwards towards the centre of the flower and form five
rather deep grooves between the anthers. which are much more convex on the back
than are the anthers of Astephanus, The generic name is formed from pxpos
small, and oredavos, a crown, in allusion to the small corona.
_1. M. cernuus, V. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 249. A small
twining or prostrate shrub, pubescent with short curved hairs on the
young stems all over or only along one line, and on the under or bo
sides of the leaves, or entirely glabrous. Leaves spreading; petiole
Microstephanus.| | UXXXV. ASCLEPIADE® (BROWN). 289
2-3 lin. long; blade 3-1} in. long, 1$~7 lin. broad, lanceolate, oblong,
elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate or subacute, rather
thick and perhaps fleshy when alive, margins flat or revclute. Cymes
lateral or subaxillary, 1—4-flowered ; peduncles 1-2 lin. long; pedicels
1}-24 lin. long, slender, straight or recurved, glabrous; bracts } lin.
long, ovate, acute. Calyx-lobes 3 lin. long, ovate, acute, glabrous.
Corolla 2} lin. in diam., glabrous outside ; tube campanulate 1 lin. long,
sparsely pubescent within; lobes 1 3-2 lin. long, suberect, linear,
obliquely obtuse, slightly twisted, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute, thin
and flat, forming little pockets alternating with the anthers at their
base; on the backs of the anthers are also 5 pairs of indistinct diverg-
ing ridges, which may perhaps form part of the corona, easily over-
looked. Staminal column 3-3 lin. long ; anther-appendages ovate, acute,
connivent-erect around the base of the apical part of the style, which
1s produced beyond them into a subulate entire or bifid beak 1-14 lin.
long.— A stephanus cernuus, Decne. and A. ovatus, Decne. in Ann. Se.
Nat. sér. 2. ix, 342; and in DC. Prod. viii. 507; K. Schum. in Engl.
PA. Ost-Afr. C. 321. A. arenarius, Decne. in DC. Prod. vili. 507. A.
recurvatus, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 274; K. Schum.
in Engl. Pl. Ost-Afr. C. 321, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
224, Periploca ovata, Poir. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 508.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 1166! 1978!
Mozamb. Dist. Pemba Island, Bojer (ex Decaisne). Zanzibar, Kirk!
Bojer (ex Decaisne). German East Africa: Usambara, Muoa, Holst, 3037! Por-
he East Africa : Mozambique Island, on coral rocks, Scott! Cabaceira Grande,
irk |
Also in Madagascar and Aldabra Island.
14, PODOSTELMA, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 1338.
Calyx 5-lobed to half-way down. Corolla-tube short, campanulate ;
obes elongate, narrow, ascending or spreading, overlapping and twisted
to the left in the bud. Corona of 5 minute tubercles or lobes radiating
from about the middle or towards the base of the filament part of the
staminal column,opposite the anthers. Staminal-column arising from near
the bottom of the corolla-tube, contracted below the anthers and fur-
rowed ; anthers erect, their wings much projecting ; appendages erect,
membranous. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell, much
shorter than the linear-oblong pollen-carriers, to which they are attached
Y very short caudicles. Style produced into a long beak, exserted
yond the anthers, Follicles lanceolate, acuminate, smooth and gla-
rous. Seeds crowned by a tuft of hair—A much branched shrub, with
Some of the branches twining. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in
sublateral or subaxillary few-flowered fascicles or sessile cymes.
Species 1, endemic,
Allied to Astephanus, but distinguished from that genus by its corvlla 5 by the
VOL. Iv, U
290 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Podostelma.
presence of a corona, which, although very small, is quite evident, and arises on the
staminal-column at about or a little below the middle.
1. P. Schimperi, X. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 134, t. 6, fig.
K—M. A small woody shrub, much branched, the branches sometimes
twining ; young shoots, petioles, pedicels and calyx all densely and
minutely tomentose. Leaves rather thick and somewhat fleshy ; petiole
2-4 lin. long; blade }-1in. long, 2-10 lin. broad, ovate or elliptic,
obtuse, apiculate or acute. Cymes or fascicles sessile, 2—6-flowered ;
pedicels 1 lin. long or less. Calyx campanulate, 1 lin. long, 5-lobed to
half-way down or more; lobes ovate, subobtuse. Corolla apparently
white or yellowish ; tube campanulate, } lin. long; lobes 34-4 lin. long,
spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes horizontally spreading
from about the middle of the filamental part of the staminal-column,
which is 4 lin. long, furrowed, and more slender than the antheriferous
portion. Anther appendages broadly reniform, very obtuse, connivent
around the base of the apical part of the style, which is produced beyond
them into a subulate, entire or bifid beak 3-1lin.long. Follicles 14-2 in.
long, $—4in. thick, lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, more or less glaucous.
Seeds 25-3 lin. long, ovate, plano-convex, scabrid-tuberculate, crowned
with a tuft of hairs.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv.
li. 234, fig. 68, J, inaccurate, and see 225. Astephanus Schimperi, Vatke
in Oest. Bot. Zeit. 1876, 145.
Nile Land. Nubia: between Suakin and Berber; at Singat, Schweinfurth,
213! and Wadi Sarrauib, Schweinfurth, 319! Eritrea: Keren, Steudner, 768!
Habab, Hildebrandt, 484 (ex Vatke). Abyssinia: near Gursarfa, 3000-4000 ft.,
Schimper, 2331! and 8 (ex K. Schumann).
15, GLOSSONEMA, Decne.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 748.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube short; lobes 5, suberect or spreading,
overlapping to the left, but scarcely twisted in the bud, often tuberculate
or thickened below the apex. Coronaof 5 lobes arising from the tube of the
corolla a little above the origin of the staminal-column or at tbe mouth,
alternating with the corolla-lobes, usually free and variable in form,
rarely connate into a 5-lobed tube. Staminal-column arising at or below
the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers terminated by erect or inflexed
membranous appendages. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each
anther-cell, attached in vairs to the pollen-carriers by short or almost
obsolete caudicles. Style sometimes exserted beyond the anthers.
Follicles variable, echinate or smooth. Seeds flat, with entire or toothe
margins, crowned with a tuft of hairs.—Dwarf perennial or rarely
annual herbs, with opposite leaves. Cymes lateral or sublateral between
the bases of the petioles, few-or many-flowered, or the flowers solitary,
small,
Species few mostly natives of Tropical Africa but extending into North Africa
and from Arabia to Scinde.
Glossonema. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN).
Annual; leaves linear ; flowers solitary 1. G. lineare.
Perennial ; flowers not solitary.
Style slightly exceeding the anthers; apical part
shortly conical.
Leaf-blade 3-5 in. long, linear or linear-lanceolate. 2. G. nubicum,
Leaf-blade 3-13 in. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
rarely linear-lanceolate . : :
Style not exceeding the anthers, truncate at the top .
Leaves petiolate ; coronal-lobes subulate, curved at
the apex like a fish-hook . : : :
Leaves subsessile; coronal-lobes broad, obtuse or
emarginate .
3. G. boveanuin.
4, G. Revoili,
5. G. Thruppii.
1. G. lineare, Deene. in DC. Prod. viii. 555. A slender annual.
Stem erect, unbranched, 6-15 in. high, slightly rough with minute
points, drying pale. Leaves spreading; petiole 1-2 lin. long; blade
{+2 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute at both
ends, glabrous, but usually rough with minute points on the revolute
margins and midrib beneath. Flowers solitary in one axil of a pair of
leaves, decurved; pedicels }—} lin. long. Sepals 4-3 lin. long, lanceo-
late, acute, glabrous. Corolla 1} lin. long, glabrous; lobes twice as
long as the tube or rather more, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. _Coronal-
lobes subulate, one quarter as long as the corolla-lobes and arising at the
top of the corolla-tube. Anthers terminated by a short soft subulate
mucro. Style exserted about 5}; in. beyond the anther-appendages ;
apical part stout, conical, acute. Follicles 3-4 in. long, linear-terete,
acute, erect, smooth and glabrous, drying whitish. Seeds linear-oblong,
entire, both sides finely scrobiculate.—Conomitra linearis, Fenzl in
Endlicher Nov. Stirp. Dec. 66; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
flanzenfam. iv. ii. 226.
Wile Land. Kordofan: Arashkol Mountain, Kotschy, 78: and without precise
locality, Kotschy, 35!
2. G. nubicum, Decne. in DO. Prod. viii. 555. A dwarf herb
6-12 in. high, branching from the base, with a creeping rootstock
(Barter); stems, petioles and the lower or both sides of the leaves
pubescent with short white curved hairs. Leaves numerous, spreading
or ascending ; petiole 2-4 lin. long ; blade 3_5 in. (usually 1-2 in.) long,
1}-5 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or subobtuse and
apiculate, often more or less sinuate or undulate along the margins.
Flowers 2-6 together in sessile subaxillary cymes ; pedicels 3-1
lin, long. Sepals 1-1} lin. long, nearly as long as the corolla,
pubescent. Corolla about 2 lin. in diam., white (Barter) ; tube cam-
Panulate; lobes as long as the tube, spreading, ovate-oblong, obtuse,
With a few hairs on the back, otherwise glabrous. Coronal-lobes about
_ 48 long as the corolla-lobes, ovate in the basal part, with incurved
margins, abruptly contracted at the middie into a subulate point, or
‘ometimes lanceolate, acuminate, both forms occurring 1n parr
ower. Anther-appendages membranous, broadly ovate or subquadrate,
292 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEH (BROWN). | Glossonema.
obtuse or slightly emarginate. Style exserted beyond the anther-
appendages; apical part cylindric or conoid, obtuse or emarginate.
Follicles 14 in. long, 5 lin. thick, lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
echinate, pubescent. Seeds ovate, slightly denticulate on the margin,
both sides covered with radiating lines of minute points.—K. Schum.
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 226. G. boveanwm, Kotschy ex
Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 555, not of Decne.
Nile Land. Kordofan: in savannahs at Kohn Mountain, towards Tekele,
Kotschy, 405 !
Upper Guinea. Lagos, Barter! Niger Territory: Borgu; Wawe, Barter
723! Nupe? Sare, Barter, 3434! Bornu, Vogel, 88!
3. G. boveanum. Decne in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 2, ix. 335, t. 12,
jig. D. A dwarf herb 3-10 in. high, branching from the base. Stems
ascending, more or less pubescent with white hairs. Leaves spreading;
petiole 1-6 lin. long; blade 4-14 in. long, 14-7 lin. broad, ovate, or
ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, cuneately narrowed or broadly
rounded into the petiole at the base, more or less undulate or crisped on
the margins, thinly or densely white-pubescent on both sides or glabrous
above. Flowers 1-3 together, sublateral; pedicels 1-1} lin. long;
white-pubescent. Sepals 14-1} lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent.
Corolla-tube 1 lin. long, campanulate ; lobes spreading, 1}—2 lin. long,
#+1 lin. broad, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse or subacute, slightly
thickened above or subtuberculate near the apex, with the margins
recurved, glabrous or with a few hairs on the back. Coronal-lobes
arising a short distance below the sinuses of the corolla, 13-2 lin. long,
$ lin. broad in the broadly oblong basal half, 3-lobed, with the middle
lobe long and filiform, or subtruncately or somewhat abruptly contracted
into a filiform or subulate point, or occasionally filiform-acuminate.
Staminal-column 1 lin. long; anther-appendages reniform, very
obtuse. Style protruded for about 3 lin. beyond the anther-appendages ;
apical part stout, conical, obtuse or shortly bifid. Follicles 1}-?
in. long, 7-11 lin. thick, ovoid, acute, strongly echinate, minutely
pubescent or nearly glabrous. Seeds about 2 lin. long, 14 lin. broad,
ovate, flattened, very minutely scaberulous, dark brown.—G. affine, »-
EK. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 249. Petalostemma Chenopodii, R. Br.
in Salt Voy. Abyss. Append. Ixiv., name only.
Mile Land. Perim Island, in the Red Sea, Farmer / Nubia: sea-coast to
between 3000 and 4000 ft., Bent! Hor Tamanib, Lord! Eritrea: around Saatl,
Schweinfurth & Riva, 584! Abyssinia: at the foot of mountains by the Hives
Tacazze, near Gursarfa, 3000-3300 ft. Schimper, 2219! and without precise
locality, Salt !
Also in Egypt and Arabia.
The specimens collected by Bent demonstrate that the Abyssinian plant I described
as G. affine cannot be maintained as distinct from G. boveanum.
4. G. Revoili, Franch. Sert. Somal. 40, t. 3. A dwarf dg
under a foot high, densely tomentose in all parts except the coro’®
Leaves numerous, spreading; petiole 2-7 lin. long; blade }—-2 1”. longs
Glossonema. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 293
4-1] lin. broad, ovate, obovate, oblong, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse, retuse or subacute at the apex, broadly rounded, subtrun-
cate or cuneate at the base. Cymes lateral at the nodes, sessile, umbel-
lately about 4-7-flowered (5—9-flowered, Franchet); bracts 14-2} lin.
long, subulate ; pedicels 1-6 lin. long, unequal. Sepals 1-2 lin. long,
linear or lanceolate, acute. Corolla 3—4 lin. in diam., yellowish ; tube
1} lin. long, funnel-shaped ; lobes very spreading, 14 lin. long, 1 lin,
broad, ovate to elliptic-ovate, obtuse, thickened just below the apex,
with a few short hairs on the back, glabrous within. Coronal-lobes
arising from the corolla-tube a little above the origin of the staminal-
column, subulate, acute ; apex incurved or arched over the top of
the staminal-column, something like a fish-hook. Staminal-column
3-1 lin. long, arising a little above the middle of the corolla-tube; fila-
mental part slender ; antheriferous part and the top of the style abruptly
dilated into a broad flat pentagonal disk; anthers erect or divergent-
erect, their appendages broad, transverse, obtusely rounded, inflexed
over the rim of the flat pentagonal apex of the style-—K. Schum. in
Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 36. G. Elliotii, Schlechter in Journ. Bot.
1895, 304.
Nile Land. Somaliland: without locality, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! Tigieh,
Révoil ; Dolo, above Bana, Riva, 1129 (ex Schumann). British East Africa:
Kikumbuliu, Scott-Elliot, 6184 !
Also in Socotra,
G. Elliotii cannot be separated specifically from G Revoili; the flowers are
dentical in the two, and the leaves of the Somaliland plant are so variable that the
difference between those of the specimens figured by Francbet and those of @. Zidioti
sre completely connected by Mrs. Lort-Phillips’s specimen, The anthers are not in-
Cumbent as stated in the original description of G. Elliotiz.
5. G. Thruppii, Oliver in James, Unknown Horn of Africa, 320,
A dwarf herb about 6 in. high, branching at the base. Stem somewhat
bifariously hairy with short spreading hairs. Leaves subsessile, 1-2}
in. long, 4-3 in. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, apiculate,
More or less conduplicate and arching-recurved, glabrous above except
along the midrib and principal veins, ciliate and sparsely beset with
short. white hairs beneath, lowest leaves almost glabrous. Cymes
axillary, 3~5-flowered ; peduncles 1-1} lin. long; pedicels 2 lin. long,
and, as well as the calyx, clothed with short white spreading hairs.
Sepals 1} lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla subrotate, 4—4} lin.
in diam., glabrous within, thinly pubescent outside ; lobes very spread-
ing, 13 lin. long, triangular-ovate, thickened at the obtuse apex.
Sronal-lobes inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube and reaching to
about 4 the length of the corolla-lobes, ovate, ovate-oblong, or sub-
quadrate, truncately obtuse or emarginate at the inrolled apex.
ther-appendages hyaline, broad, transverse, inflexed. Style not
®xceeding the anthers, flat and pentagonal at the apex.
Wile Land. Somaliland: at Ounanuff, James & Thrupp /
294 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Calotropis.
- 16. CALOTROPIS, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 754.
Calyx 5-partite; sepals broadly ovate. Corolla 5-lobed to more
than half-way down, rotate-campanulate or with reflexed lobes. Corona
of 5 compressed lobes, shortly cleft into two lobules at their top, with
an upcurved and involute spur at their base, adnate throughout their
length to the staminal-column as far as the base of the anthers.
Anthers short and broad, with short, broad, membranous appendages
inflexed over the rim of the pentagonal apex of the style, which is
depressed in the centre. Pollen-masses solitary in each anther-cell,
pendulous, attached by short slender caudicles to the pollen-carrier.
Follicles large, with a thick spongy-fibrous mesocarp, and parchment-
like endocarp, not echinate. Seeds ovate, plano-convex, crowned with
a tuft of hairs.—Large shrubs or small trees, with opposite subsessile
broad ieaves, and pedunculate umbelliform cymes arising from the side
of the stem between the bases of the leaves. Flowers moderately large.
Species 4, 3 confined to India, S. China, and the Malay Archipelago, the other
extending into Africa,
1. C. procera, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 78. A stout shrub,
10-18 ft. high, all the youngest parts clothed with a white tomentum,
becoming glabrous. Leaves on very short petioles or subsessile, 24-12
in. long. 1$—7 in. broad, ovate, oblong-ovate, elliptic, or obovate, obtuse
with a short abrupt point, base cordate, glabrous. Peduncles lateral
and terminal, $~3 in. long, stout, branched or somewhat elongating
and producing successive subumbellate clusters of 3-10 flowers, the
young parts white-tomentose, becoming more or less glabrous; bracts
+-} in. long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, deciduous ; pedicels
2-1 in. long. Sepals 2-23 lin. long, 14-21 lin. broad. Corolla
campanulate, #—1 in. in diam., 5-lobed to 2 the way down; lobes 4}-°
lin. long, 35-44 lin. broad, ovate, acute, quite glabrous, white, with
dark purple-brown tips. Coronal-lobes 24-3 lin. long, 2-24 lin. broad
at the base, compressed, oblong, obliquely truncate or rounded and cleft
into two short lobes at the top, minutely scabrous or pubescent down
the back, which hasan upcurved and inrolled spur at the base. Follicles
3-4 in. long, 24-3 in. thick, subglobose, obliquely ellipsoid or ovoid,
obtuse or depressed at the apex, with a thick spongy or somewhat
inflated pericarp. Seeds 3-34 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, plano-conve%,
narrowly margined, minutely tomentose.—Bot. Reg. t. 1792; Decne.
in DC. Prod. viii. 5385; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 33; Bot. Mag. ¢.
6859; Vatke in Linnea, xl. 213; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 18; Wight,
Ic, iv. 1. 17, t. 1278; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. iii. t. 176; Krause
in Engl. Jahrb. xiv. 412; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Interna
1892, 348; K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 323; in Engl. «
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232, fig. 67, E-G, and 239 ; in Engl. Jahrb.
xxx. 385; and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 38; Henriques in Bolet.
Soc. Brot. xiii. 144; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 687; Schwein:
furth in Hohnel, Zum Rudolph-See u. Stephanie-See, Sonderabdr. ®.
C. heterophylla, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 2, ix. 329, not °
Calotropis| LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 299
Wallich. Asclepias procera, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1263; Schumach. &
Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 154. A. gigantea, Jacq. Obs. Bot. iii. 17,
t. 69; Andrews, Bot. Rep. iv. t. 271; Brunner in Flora, 1840, 1.
Beibl. 18.
Upper Guinea. Cape Verd Islands: Bolle! Welwitsch, 4180 Vogel,
Krause, and Smith, 187 (ex Krause). North bank of the River Gambia, Ozanne, 3!
Senegambia and Cape Verd, Brunner, 54! Senegal, Lepriewr, Robert (ex Decaisne).
Fernando Po, Mann, 238!
Nile Land. Nubia: El Mesherif, Schweinfurth, 586! Eritrea: Monkullo,
near Massowa, Schweinfurth & Riva, 216! 236! Otumbo, Penzig; hills of Saati,
Penzig; Arkiko, Penzig; Ghinda, Penzig; Keren, Penzig ; Kordofan, Kotschy,
24*! Abyssinia: Hamedo Plain, Schimper, 920; near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 656 |
Somaliland, Mies Edith Cole! Smith! Riva and Robecchi-Brichetti, 107 (ex
Schumann). Uganda: Madi, Speke §& Grant, 163! near Lake Baringo, 3400 ft.,
Johnston / by the River Tarawell (Turkwel), 1500 ft., Hohnel. British Kast
Africa: Witu, Thomas, 191!
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1004! German East Africa: Lake
Rukwa Region; near Manda Village in Umanda district, 2600 ft., Goetze, 1105 aR
Schumann).
Also extends through Egypt and Arabia into India.
17. KANAHTA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 760.
Calyx 5 partite. Corolla 5-lobed to half-way down or nearly to the
base ; lobes ascending, spreading or reflexed, slightly overlapping to the
left in the bud. Corona of 5 lobes arising from the staminal-column,
either very thick and fleshy, solid and produced into a short horizon-
tally inflexed subulate entire or bifid beak at the apex, or more or less
complicate or cleft down the inner face. Staminal-column arising from
the bottom of the corolla; anthers erect, with membranous appendages
Inflexed over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary
in each anther-cell, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by short
orizontal caudicles. Apex of the style with a convex central pe
surrounded by a depressed ring and with 5 very minute tubercles ¢ or
to the pollen-carriers. Follicles fusiform-lanceolate or somewhat ovoid,
somewhat rugulose (always ?), but not echinate. Seeds crowned with a
tuft of hairs.—Shrubs with straight erect branches and milky Linas
ves opposite, linear-lanceolate or linear, with minute ne —
their axils. Inflorescence lateral at the nodes, with the pe “ie es
Tacemosely scattered along the upper part of the branches ; saber
spirally arranged around the slightly thickened apical part of tl
peduncle, which becomes more or less elongated into a reauni ea a
Pedicellate, bracteate, developing successively, never strictly umbe : e.
oe 4, all very similar in general appearance and closely related, extending to
Fabia.
By its floral structure Kanahia cannot be distinguished from | Penne GET
the one hand and Asclepias on the other. Yet as it is easily sw tig tyr t fans
both those genera by its inflorescence and by the presence of minute bris
. ae and
axils of the leaves, I deem it best to retain it on those grounds. In Aselepias an
296 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE® (BROWN). [ Kanahia.
Xysmalobium the flowers are always strictly umbellate, all radiating from one point ;
in Kanahia they are never strictly umbellate, but are spirally arranged around the
gradually elongating top of the peduncle and progressively develop, a few at a time.
Coronal-lobes fleshy, solid, with a short entire or bifid
beak extended over the staminal-column ‘ . 1. K. laniflora.
Coronal-lobes complicate, with the fissure or cavity ex-
tending 4—% of the way down.
Coronal-lobes as long as or slightly exceeding the
staminal-column; pollen-masses 2-3 lin. long,
turgid . c : : : : :
Coronal-lobes usually shorter than the staminal-
column ; pollen-masses 4 lin. long, compressed. 3. K.consimilis,
2. K. glaberrima.
1, K. laniflora, R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 40. Stems 4-5 ft.
high, branching, glabrous. Leaves ascending or somewhat spreading,
with a cluster of short bristles or teeth in their axils and along the
rudimentary stipular line connecting their bases; petiole 14-3 lin. long;
blade 24-6 in. long, 2-6 lin. broad, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
gradually tapering to an acute point, acutely narrowed into the petiole,
quite glabrous, not revolute at the margin. Peduncles 1-2 in. long,
rather stout, glabrous, lateral at the nodes, many-flowered at the apical
part, which becomes raceme-like from the gradual development of the
flowers ; lowest bracts 2-9 lin. long, the rest 14-3 lin. long, linear or
subulate, acute, glabrous, mostly with minute bristle-like teeth at their
base, like those in the leaf-axils ; pedicels 3-1 in. long, glabrous. Sepals
2-3 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 7—9 lin. in diam.,
campanulate, 5-lobed to half-way down or beyond; lobes 4-5 lin. long,
ascending, ovate, acute, glabrous outside, more or less densely woolly
within along the borders. Coronal-lobes arising 2 lin. above the base
of the staminal-column and reaching to its summit, 2 lin. long, erect,
stout, turgid-oblong, fleshy, solid, not in the least complicate, abruptly
contracted at the apex on the inner side into a simple or bifid subulate
tooth or beak, inflexed over the tips of the anthers. All the lobes are
connected to one another at their base by very obtuse minute flaps that
form five pockets, enclosing the basal parts of the anther-wings-
Staminal-column 23-3 lin, long ; anther-appendages broadly subcordate-
ovate, obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses
(excluding the caudicles), $ lin. long, } lin. thick, turgid, not compressed.
Follicles 2-21 in, long, lanceolate, acuminate into a beak, glabrous,
scrobiculate, but not echinate. Seeds 2 lin. long, ovoid, tapering into a
short beak, channelled on one side, very turgid on the other, smooth,
crowned with a tuft of hairs.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 233, not of Decne. K. Delilii, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.
2, ix. 330, in DC. Prod. viii. 537; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 345
Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 342; Schweinfurth in Hohnel, Zum
Rudolph-See u. Stephanie-See, Separatabdr. 8 ; Schweinfurth & Volkens,
Liste Pl. Somalis, 10 ; Martelli, Flor. Bogos. 54; Penzig in Atti Congr.
Bot. Internaz. 1892, 349; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 323, 12
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iv. ii. 233, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma,
Kanahia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 297
vii. 37, Asclepias laniflora, Forsk. Fl. Aigypt-Arab. 51; Vahl, Symb.
20, t: 7: Delile, Cent. PI. Voy. Méroé, 49, t. 3, fig. 3.
Wile Land. Eritrea: Ginda Valley, 3100 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 2148!
Arrot Valley, 4400 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 677! bed of the River Lava, at
Arbasciko, Penzig ; near Keren, Penzig. Galabat: region of Matamma, Schwein-
furth, 216! Sennar, Kotschy, 177! Blue Nile, Muriel, 8, 14! Kotschy, 472!
475! Fazokl; Mount Akaro, Cailliaud (ex Delile); near Khartoom, Schweinfurth,
856! Upper Nile, Freeman & Lucas,86! Abyssinia: near Adowa, Steudner, 743 !
Schimper, 120! 939! by streams near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 1909! Tacazze
Valley, Steudner, 742 (ex Engler); Somak Efat, Roth, 122 (413)! West shore of
Lake Zouai (Zwai), Wellby! Somaliland: by the Dagatto Torrent, @hika (ex
Schweinf: urth) ; near Sagado, Riva, 962 (ex Schumann),
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: west of the Pare Range, 600-2300 ft
Héhnel (ox Schweinfurth).
Also in Arabia.
_ According to Decaisne this is not the true Asclepias laniflora of Forskal, but on
this point he is certainiy mistaken, as there is a specimen, received from Forskal,
n the British Museum Herbarium, which I have examined and found to be identical
with the plant here described. [t was upon this specimen that Robert Brown
founded the genus Kanahia, although his description of the coronal structure is not
very exact. I have not seen any example from Africa of the plant which Decaisne
has described under the name of Kanahia Forskalii, which has shortly bifid coronal-
lobes, something like those of K. consimilis, N. E. Br., but not so deeply bifid, and
the pollen-masses are quite different.
. The solid structure of the coronal-lobes of K. laniflora is evidently only a varia-
tion of that which usually obtains in Asclepias, and is formed by the soldering
together of the inflexed sides of an ordinary complicate coronal-lobe ; indeed, this is
completely demonstrated in a specimen collected in Eritrea at Ginda (Schweinfurth
Riva, 2148), in which the top of the coronal-lobes is deeply furrowed all along,
forming an intermediate stage between the entire coronal-lobes of typical X. lani-
flora and the deeply cleft lobes of K. glaberrima. The pollen-masses, however, are
short as in K, laniflora.
2. K, glaberrima, V. £. Br. Stems 4—6 ft. or more high, simple
= branched, glabrous, except some minute bristles in the axils of _the
“aves and along the rudimentary stipular line. Leaves ascending ;
Petiole 1-4 lin. long; blade 2-6 in. long, 2-7 lin. broad, broadly linear
7 linear-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, acutely narrowed into
the petiole, slightly thickened along the margins, quite glabrous.
wers in pedunculate several-flowered bracteate umbel-like racemes
(the axis of the umbel shortly elongating), lateral between the bases of
© leaves ; peduncles 14-24 in. long, glabrous; outer bracts 4-6 lin.
ong, the succeeding ones gradually smaller, deciduous, glabrous ; pedicels
lowe, lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1}~4 lin. long, varying from ovate-
“nceolate to linear-lanceolate. Corolla deeply 5-lobed, somewhat reflexed
°r, n the dried state, often more or less campanulate), whitish ; lobes
4-5 lin. long, bordered inside with woolly hairs, glabrous on the
CK. Coronal-lobes arising 3-1 lin, above the base of the staminal-
Column, with the tips reaching to its summit, 1}-1} lin. tee
and about 1 lin. broad, complicate, obliquely deltoid-ovate viewed
Sideways, with the dorsal side much the shorter, the inflexed
Sides produced into acute or linear-acuminate teeth sometimes 1n-
298 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Kanahia.
curved over the tips of the anthers and sometimes only level;
5 small teeth alternate with the lobes at their base are more or less
incurved and hidden under the basal parts of the anther-wings.
Staminal-column 2-2} lin. long; anther-appendages roundish-ovate,
obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses (excluding
the caudicles) 2-} lin. long, } lin. broad, turgid. Follicles solitary
(always ?), 2-21 in. long, 4—5 lin. thick, lanceolate, acute or tapering
into a beak, glabrous. Seeds (not seen mature), ovoid, narrowed into a
beak, channelled on one side, very turgid on the other, smooth or nearly
so, crowned with a tuft of hairs.—Gomphocarpus glaberrimus, Oliver in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 110, t. 120; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
126, and xxviii. 456; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236, and
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322. Asclepias glaberrima, Schlechter in
Journ. Bot. 1895, 335.
Wile Land. Uganda: near Lake Baringo, Johnston! British East Africa:
Ukamba; by the River Adi, Hildebrandt, 2609! Nyika country near Mombasa,
Wakefield !
Lower Guinea. Angola: among rocks at the Rapids of Cambambe, on the
River Kuanza, Monteiro !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Umba Valley, Smith!
Amboni, Holst, 2914! Darema, Scheffler, 130! Khutu; bed of the River Mgas)
1000 ft., Goetze, 134; and Usukuma ; near the River Simiu, Fischer, 386 (ex
Schumann) ; Usagara; Marenga Mkali, Speke § Grant! Portuguese East Africa:
Lower Zambesi, Tete, Kirk ! Matabeleland: bed of the River Shasha, Baines !
3. K. consimilis, V. /. Br. Stems, leaves, inflorescence, and
flowers exactly as in K. glaberrima, except the following characters.
—Coronal-lobes shorter than the staminal-column, 1-1} lin. me
oblong, somewhat obliquely truncate at the top, complicate, with the
apical angles of the inflexed sides more or less produced, acute. roo
masses long and narrow, 3 lin. long (excluding the caudicles), 7'o—9 he
broad, much compressed ; caudicles rather longer and more slender t “4
those of K. glaberrima. Follicles 1-1}, in. long, 4-} in. thick, pas
or somewhat inflated, ovoid, obtuse or with a short recurved pomt.
Seeds 1}—14 lin. long. ite}
Upper Guinea. Lagos: on an island in the Obo-Oba River, M@ let
Idagun, on river-banks, Rowland! Camerocns: Lobe River, near Batanga, ge
rocks left bare by low water, Bates, 322! Bipinde, Zenker, 1294! oe
Albrechts Hohe, Staudt, 603! and without precise locality, Preuss, 1364! :
This has been distributed from Berlin as Gomphocarpus fruticosus, & eg
different plant. It is very similar to K. glaberrima in general appearance, ane “an
pollen-masses and short turgid follicles readily distinguish it. From the are:
K. Forskalii, Decne. it differs in its much more deeply bifid coronal-lobes and lo :
narrow compressed pollen-masses, which in K. Forskalii are only } lin. ~ ers
quite half as broad as long and are also less compressed than in K. consimilis.
18. XYSMALOBIUM, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. il. 752.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, campanuist
subrotate or reflexed ; lobes overlapping to the left or rarely subva
Xysmalobiuma. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 299
in the bud. Corona-lobes 5, arising from the staminal-column and
opposite the anthers, variously shaped, very fleshy, sometimes as thick
as broad or laterally compressed, with or without keels or teeth on
their inner face, sometimes dorsally flattened, but then comparatively
thick and entirely without keels or with only 1 rather stout longi-
tudinal median keel on their inner face, solid, never cucullate or com-
plicate, nor produced into a terminal horn, sometimes with 5
minute teeth or rudimentary lobes alternating with them at their base.
Anthers terminated by a membranous appendage. Pollen masses
pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell, attached to the pollen-carriers
in pairs by elongated caudicles. Style usually shorter than the anther-
tips, rarely exserted beyond them. Follicles variable in shape, smooth
or softly echinate. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs.—Perennial
herbs with milky juice and tuberous rootstock or roots. Stems
erect, rarely diffuse, usually simple and often solitary, but sometimes
much branched at the base. Leaves opposite. Umbels sessile or
pedunculate, solitary and terminal, or most of them lateral between the
bases of the petioles, and one or two terminal.
Species many, extending into South Africa.
Xysmalobium as hitherto defined is very ambiguous in character, and by the
definitions given cannot be distinguished from Asclepias and Schizoglossum.
Originally it was separated from Asclepias by R. Brown to include those species
which have 5 minute lobules or teeth alternating with the 5 coronal-lobes, without
giving importance to other characters. R. Brown only refers two species to it, viz.,
Asclepias undulata, Linn., and A. grandiflora, Linn. f., two plants, which accord-
ing to modern views, cannot well be placed in the same genus. The minute alter-
nating lobules, although of specific value, are not of generic importance, since they
are present in Xysmalobium decipiens, N. E. Br., and absent in the closely allied
X. Holubii, Scott-Elliot. In Asclepias also there are some species with, others
without them. Bentham & Hooker distinguish Xysmalobium by the following
character, “ coronal-scales flat, unappendaged,” but this character neither applies to
all the species of Xysmalobium, nor distinguishes it from Schizoglossum. This
absence of a definite distinguishing character has led to much confusion during
recent years; even the same species is referred to another genus by the same or a
different author. Undoubtedly Xysmalobium, Asclepias, and Schizoglossum are but
artificial divisions of one natural genus, since they cannot be separated by characters
that do not break down at some point, yet as there are 3 types of coronal structure
in the group, it seems undesirable to follow Baillon, who in his “Histoire des
Plantes,” x. 226, unites them, or Schlechter, who in the “Journal of Botany,” 1896,
451 (without assigning reasons), unites Xysmalobium with Asclepias, retains Schizo-
glossum and refers some species, which I cannot separate from Xysmalobium, to
other genera. Therefore in dealing with the Tropical African species of this group
T have sorted them as follows :
_ All species in which the coronal-lobes are cucullate or more or less com-
plicate or cleft on the inner face, are laterally compressed or at least measure as
much from front to back as they do in breadth, with or witout a horn or other
Process in the cavity, and are never dorsally flattened, I refer to ASCLEPIAS.
All species in which the coronal-lobes are dorsally flattened, or if concave
or with incurved edges, then always broader than they measure from front to back,
usually with 2 slight or wing-like parallel keels and with or without 1 or more horns
or other appendages on the inner face, and are never laterally compressed, cucullate
or complicate, or with a single median keel, I refer to ScHIZOGLOSSUM.
300 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [| Xysmalobium.
All species in which the coronal-lobes are very thick or laterally compressed,
with or without tecth or keels on their inner face, or, if dorsally flattened, are
still comparatively thick and entirely without keels or have only 1 rather stout
longitudinal median keel, but no filiform horn or tongue-like process on the inner
face, solid, never cucullate complicate or cleft down the inner face, I refer to
XYSMALOBIUM.
Kanahia, which is also allied, and in coronal structure contains species referable
to both Xysmalobium and Asclepias, may be retained as distinct from botii by its
inflorescence.
Corolla reflexed from the base, (and see 7, X. fra-
ternum).
Leaves narrowly linear, 33-6 in. long, not reticu-
lately veined beneath ; coronal-lobes very small,
entirely adnate to the staminal-column.
Coronal-lobes ovate, a minute tooth alternating
with them . cC : . : . lL. X. decipiens.
Coronal-lobes linear or linear-oblong, no tooth
alternating with them . : : .
Leaves varying from linear to elongate-oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, not more than 3 in. long, re-
ticulately veined beneath; coronal-lobes free,
ascending or radiating from the staminal-
column.
Midrib of leaves densely tomentose; corolla-lobes
43 lin. long - : 4 : : :
Midrib of leaves not tomentose; corolla-lobes 2-23
lin. long.
Leaves ascending; coronal-lobes arising at the
base of the staminal-column close to the
corolla. : : 3 - . 4, X, reticulatum.
Leaves widely spreading ; coronal-lobes arising
3 lin. above the base of the staminal-
2. X. Holubis.
18. X. sesstle.
column . é : ‘ : ‘ . 5. X. heudelotianum.
Corolla not reflexed from the base 3 lobes spreading or
ascending.
Leaves linear, %-2 lin. broad ; coronal-lobes minute. 3. X. gramineum.
Leaves 4-2 in. broad, never exactly linear but
sometimes very long and narrow, and then
gradually tapering from base to apex.
*Leaves rounded, truncate or cordate at the base
and as broad or broader there than above.
Leaves elongated, gradually tapering from the
base to the apex.
Apex of the style produced beyond the anther-
appendages . : : ; : ook
Apex of the style not produced beyond the
anther-appendages.
Corolla bearded with woolly hairs on the
margins and tips of the lobes inside.
Corolla-lobes 4-5 lin. long; coronal-lobes
scarcely reaching to the base of the
anthers : ; ‘ é . 10, X. dispar.
Corolla-lobes 23-23 lin. long; coronal-
lobes reaching much above the base
of the anthers ; : : . 11. X. barbigerum.
. X. angolense.
bo
Xysmalobium. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 301
Corolla glabrous within . : : . 9. X. trilobatum.
Leaves not gradually tapering from the base to
the apex, oblong or ovate-oblong.
Coronal-lobes spathulate-obovoid, having a
longitudinal keel with a short transverse
keel on each side of it on the flat face
(and see 13. X. sessile) ‘ : . 14. X. andongense.
€oronal-lobes broadly rhomboid, with a rhom-
boid depression on the back . : - 8. X. rhomboideum.
**Leaves cuneate or narrower at the base than
above.
Corolla-lobes about 34 lin. long.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or narrowly cuneate-
oblanceolate ; coronal-lobes much shorter
than the staminal-column é . 6. X. membraniferum.
Leaves elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong ;
coronal-lobes about equalling the stami-
nal-column . z - : : . 7. X. fraternum.
Corolla-lobes 3~1 in. long ; leaves oblong, cuneate
at the base.
Coronal-lobes exceeding the staminal-column
by half their length . : : . 15. X. Ceerle.
Coronal-lobes about reaching to the top of the
staminal-column.
Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened, oblong-lan-
ceolate, not keeled. : ; . 16. X. grande.
Coronal-lobes as thick as broad, with 3 in-
flexed apical teeth and 2 keels on the
inner face s R ‘ . 17. X. bellum.
Coronal-lobes not nearly reaching to the top
of the staminal-column, sub-hemispherical,
with a short erect horn and 2 small
(marginal ?) teeth on the inner face . 18. X. spathulatum.
ee decipiens, V. #. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 250. Roots
fleshy, hatrowly fusiform, fasciculate. Stems about 1 ft. long, with
two pubescent lines. Leaves 34-6 in. long, 3-1 lin. broad, linear, acute,
Narrowed into a short petiole, glabrous. Umbels lateral and terminal,
Pedunculate, bearing upwards of 20 small flowers; bracts 2 lin. long,
linear, acute, glabrous ; peduncles 5-7 lin. long, puberulous ; pedicels
3-4 lin, Jong, tapering from the base, puberulous, Sepals # lin. long,
lanceolate, acute, channelled, closely reflexed on the pedicel, glabrous,
Corolla closely reflexed on the sepals, “ whitish-lilac ” (Welwitsch) ; lobes
lin, long, 4 lin. broad, oblong, acute, concave, glabrous. _Coronal-
Obes minute, about } lin. long, and nearly as broad, roundish-ovate,
very obtuse or subtruncate, slightly channelled, adnate, abruptly ter-
minating in the hollows under the anthers, from which they have the
appearance of protruding downwards, with their tips resting on the
Corolla; a small erect tooth between each pair of lobes and connecting
them at their base. Staminal-column 1} lin. long; anther appen-
dages broadly ovate or suborbicular, inflexed over the apex of the style.
Follicles 5-6 in. long, } in. thick, narrowly fusiform, equally tapering
302 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Xysmalobium.
into a long stipes and beak.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 682.
Xysmalobium Holubii, Scott-Elliot in Journ. Bot. 1890, 365 partly (as
to Welwitsch’s plant and description of corona); K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. 120 in a note.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; hilly places near Lopollo, Welwitsch,
4175! Mukenge, Pogge, 1108! and without precise locality, Pogge, 1109, 1140,
Buchner, 607, and Mechow, 340 (ex Schumann).
Closely resembling XY. Holubii and included under that species by Scott-Elliot.
But the small coronal lobes are very much broader, of a different shape, and con-
nected with each other by a small erect tooth, which is entirely wanting in X.
Holubii ; the cartilaginous wings of the anthers are also one-third shorter than in
that species.
2. KR. Holubii, Scott-Elliot in Journ. Bot. 1890, 365 (excluding
the Angola plant and description of corona). Stem 12-18 in. high, with
two pubescent lines in the upper part, glabrous below. Leaves sessile
or nearly so, 35-5 in. long, 1-14 lin. broad, linear, acute, glabrous.
Umbels lateral and terminal, the lower pedunculate, the upper sessile or
subsessile, hemispherical or subglobose, more than 20-flowered ; flowers
small; peduncles 14-5 lin. long, pubescent or with hairy lines like the
stem ; bracts 2 lin. long, attenuate, acute, subglabrous ; pedicels 3—4 lin.
long, tapering from the base, puberulous. Sepals reflexed, 1 lin. long,
lanceolate acute, concave, glabrous. Corolla closely reflexed; lobes
2 lin. long, } lin. broad, oblong, acute, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute,
» lin. long, resembling a small tongue protruding from the hollow at the
base of the anthers and directed downwards, narrowly oblong, obtuse,
channelled down the face, adnate to the staminal-column, quite free from
each other, with no alternating tooth between them. Staminal-column
zo in. long ; anther-appendages ovate, subacute, inflexed over the apex
of the style—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232.
Mozamb. Dist. Rhodesia: Leshumo Valley, South of the River Zambesi,
Holub !
The preceding species from Angola was confused with this in the original
description, and the corona described from the Angolan plant instead of from
Holub’s specimen ; however, it appears best to retain the name for the plant for
which it was intended. This species and X. decipiens N. E. Br. are allied to the
South African X. involucratum, Decne.
3. K. gramineum, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 254. Plant
5-6 in. high, branching. Branches about 3 lin. thick, with internodes
4—6 lin. long, more or less pubescent. Leaves ascending-spreading,
glabrous on both sides, 13-23 in. long, 2-13 lin. broad, linear, acute,
cuneately narrowed at the base into a petiole 1-2 lin. long, revolute
along the margins. Umbels few (3 on the specimen seen), la‘e alat the
nodes, pedunculate, 8-12-flowered; peduncles 7-12 lin. long, slender,
minutely pubescent with curved hairs along one side; bracts 1} In.
long, subulate, minutely pubescent; pedicels 2-24 lin. long, slender,
minutely pubescent. Sepals 1 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute,
Xysmalobiwm. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 303
minutely pubescent with curved hairs on the back. Corolla lobed
nearly to the base, campanulate, about 12 lin. in diam. ; lobes 14 lin.
long, # lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, erect and concave within in
the basal half, recurved and slightly convex at the apical part, glabrous
on both surfaces, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes minute, arising close to the
base of the staminal-column and not nearly reaching toits middle, about
f lin. long, ascending, oblong, obtuse, fleshy ; alternating with them are
) very minute teeth. Staminal-column lin. long; anther-appendages
broad, toothed, ascending, pressed against the sides of the broadly and
shortly conical apical part of the style, which slightly exceeds them
anther-wings broadly triangular, very projecting at the middle.
-‘Mozamb. Dist. Rhodesia: Buluwayo, Rand, 198
This plant bears a great resemblance to Schizoglossum angolense, Schlechter &
Rendle, and without careful examination might easily be mistaken for it; in floral
structure however, it is entirely different, as the corolla-lobes of S. angolense are
nearly flat and neither concave at the base nor recurved at the apex, the coronal-
lobes much larger, 2-keeled on the inner face, without alternating teeth at their
base, and the anther-wings are not in the least projecting.
4, X. reticulatum, J. “. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 251. Stems
several from a tuberous root, 6—22 in. high, erect, herbaceous, with 2
lines of short curved hairs. Leaves ascending ; petiole 4-1 lin. long ;
blade 3-3 in. long, 14-7 lin. broad, oblong, linear-oblong, linear-lanceo-
late or linear, obtuse or subacute, apiculate at the apex, subcordate,
subtruncate or rounded at the base, glabrous, conspicuously reticulate
With prominent ascending veins beneath. Umbels sessile, lateral, 4—6-
lowered ; bracts about 1-1} lin. long, subulate or linear-subulate ;
Pedicels 3-7 lin. long, puberulous along the inner side. Sepals 1}-2}
lin. long, 4 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous or pubescent on
the back, reflexed. Corolla 5-lobed almost to the base, strongly reflexed,
quite glabrous, green ; lobes 24-24 lin. long, 1}—1# lin. broad, ovate,
‘cute or subobtuse. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-
column and much shorter than it, 1-11 lin. long, fleshy, rather variable
‘n form, sometimes ascending, obovate or diamond-shaped, obtuse or
Subacute, with a median keel down the inner face, which rises into an
acute tooth at about the middle, flattened on the back, sometimes more
Spreading, with the terminal part very thick and fleshy, obovoid (or sub-
globose?) produced into an acute or obtuse cone or tooth on the upper
side somewhat resembling a bird’s head. Staminal-column 14-13 lin.
ong, conical, truncate ; anther-appendages broadly ovate, acute or sub-
acute, incumbent on the truncate apex of the style ; anther-wings 1 lin.
Ong, 4 lin. broad at the base, where they are very projecting.— 1.
umannianum, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1901, 259. Schizoglossum
runcatulum, K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 322.
Nile Land. Uganda: Kavironda; between N andi and Mumia, 4400-6000 ft.
M haar Pee Kanjana Berg, Stuhlmann, 2096! British East Africa
Mozamb, Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, Carson, 56!
Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Buchanan! Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft.,
304 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEH (BROWN). | Xysmalobium.
Whyte! Purves, 58! Rhodesia: between Umtali and Salisbury, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn
Cecil, 51! between Enkeldoorn and Rocky Spruit, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 135!
This is closely allied to X. heudelotianum, and may be only an eastern variety of
that species, but its leaves are not widely spreading, are more prominently veined
beneath, there are fewer flowers in an umbel, and the coronal-lobes arise close to the
corolla, instead of a little above the base of the staminal-column as in X. heudelotia-
num, The coronal-lobes seem to be variable ; they were not correctly described in my
original description, as the type specimen is a very poor one and the coronal-lobes of
the only flower then examined had been pressed out of shape, but the ample and
better material subsequently received, and an examination of another flower from the
type, demonstrate that the real form of the coronal-lobes is as above described.
According to Purves, the flowers are white, but this probably refers to the corona and
staminal-column, as the corolla appears to be greenish in the dried state, and is noted
as green by the Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil.
5, X. heudelotianum, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 520. Stem
1-3 ft. high, pubescent, with two narrow glabrous lines alternating in
position at the nodes. Leaves widely spreading; petiole ?~1 lin. long;
blade 2-3 in. long, 4—8 lin. broad, narrowly oblong, with nearly parallel
thickened or very narrowly revolute margins, the narrower leaves
acute, the broader ones abruptly subacute or obtuse, subapiculate, vary-
ing from cuneate to broadly and obtusely rounded at the base, glabrous
on both sides; veins reticulate, rather conspicuous and prominent
beneath. Umbels lateral between the bases of the leaves, all sessile or
one or two of the lowest pedunculate, 10—12-flowered ; peduncles 0-1 in.
long, pubescent down the inner side; bracts 2-24 lin. long, subulate;
pedicels 44-6 lin. long, pubescent with minute curved hairs. Sepals
reflexed, 14 lin. long, lanceolate, with the margins incurved towards the
apex, glabrous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes strongly reflexed,
2-2} lin. long, ? lin. broad, lanceolate-oblong, subacute, with undulate
margins, glabrous on both sides, apparently greenish in colour. Coronal-
lobes 1 lin. long, with horizontally spreading stalks 4 lin. long, arising
} lin. above the base of the staminal-column ; apical part fleshy, ovol®
conical or subglobose, abruptly tapering into a very acuminate or fine
subulate erect point, subtruncate at the base; in side view they some
what resemble the head and beak of a bird, and reach to a little above
the middle of the conical obtuse 13-2 lin. long staminal-column. Anther-
appendages ovate, acute, inflexed over the truncate apex of the style.
Follicles solitary (always ?), 5-51 in. long, $ in. thick at the middle,
thence gradually and equally tapering to the base and apex, glabrous
and smooth. Seeds flat, ovate, with winged margins, both faces cove
with small linear crests or tubercles.—K. Schum. in Engl. & P. rantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Komba, Heudelot! Niger Territory: Borg™
Barter, 712! Nupe, Barter, 1323!
Owing to the kindness of Dr, J. Miiller, I have been enabled
Decaisne’s type specimen of this species, collected by Heudelot.
+0 examine
6. KX. membraniferum, NV. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 251.
Stems 12-18 in. high, with two hairy lines, purplish. Leaves spreading;
Xysmalobium. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 305
petiole 2-4 lin. long ; blade 3-34 in. long, 4-7 lin. broad, oblong-lanceo-
late or narrowly cuneate-oblanceolate, about equally acute at each end,
glabrous, slightly thickened at the margin, whitish-green beneath.
Umbels several, lateral at the nodes, sessile, 6-8-flowered ; pedicels 4—7
lin. long, pubescent with minute curved hairs. Sepals 2 lin. long, ovate,
acute, glabrous. Corolla 6 lin. in diam., 5-lobed almost to the base ;
lobes campanulately spreading, 34 lin. long, 1} lin. broad, oblong, sub-
obtuse, concave, apparently tinted with purplish, with opaque whitish
membranous margins. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-
column and much shorter than it, 13 lin. long, oblong, or rhomboid-
oblong, fleshy, obtusely pointed, with a rather stout keel down the inner
face, flattened or somewhat concave on the back, erect, but confluent and
resting on the corolla at the base where each is united to the staminal-
column by a rather large keel which ends very abruptly and is slightly
dilated and sometimes furrowed at the truncate free end. Staminal-
column about 3 lin. long ; anther appendages membranous, erect, over-
topping the style, very conspicuous, 1 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, orbicular-
reniform. Follicles (unripe), fusiform, with a long beak, tapering
into a long stipes at the base, smooth, glabrous.—¥X. heudelotianum,
Scott-Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 92, not of Decaisne.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: on dry rocky hills, 3600 ft., 3 miles south of
Falaba, Scott-Elliot, 5184! Port Lokko, Scott-Elliot, 5183!
7. KX. fraternum, WV. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1899, 252. Stem
erect, herbaceous, pubescent with short curved hairs. Leaves mode-
rately spreading; petiole 14-2 lin. long, pubescent ; blade 13-24 in.
long, $-11 in. broad, elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse or broadly
rounded at the apex, apiculate, acute or cuneately rounded at the base,
glabrous on both sides, narrowly revolute along the margins ; veins re-
ticulate, conspicuous. Umbels several, sessile, lateral between _the
bases of the leaves ; bracts several, 2—3 lin. long, linear, acute ; pedicels
2-6 lin. long, slender, pubescent like the stem. Sepals 24-3 lin. long,
lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, sparsely ciliate. Corolla-lobes 3 lin.
long, 1} lin. broad, ovate, acute, reflexed or spreading, glabrous. Coronal-
obes arising at the base of the staminal column and as long as it, 1} lin.
long and nearly as broad, shortly stalked, subcordate-ovate, subacute,
fleshy, acutely keeled down the inner face; keel enlarged or more
Prominent at the apex.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; near Blantyre, Last !
This was confused with X. orbiculare, Decne. (X. padifolium, Scott-Elliot), in
the Journal of Botany 1890, 363, from which it is very distinct.
8X. rhomboideum, WV. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 251.
25 lin.
Stems simple, stout, tomentose. Leaves spreading ; petiole 1}-25
long ; blade 14-3 in. long, 9-13 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtuse,
apiculate, cordate or rounded at the base, witha very sparse pubescence
on both Sides and tomentose or pubescent midribs and petioles, narrowly
cartilaginous (not scabrous) on the margins. Umbels lateral, sessile,
.
VOL. Iv.
306 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Xysmalobium.
6-8-flowered; bracts 2—3} lin. long, subulate, pubescent; pedicels
5-10 lin. long, subtomentose. Sepals 34-4 lin. long, 1 lin. broad,
erect, as long as or exceeding the corolla-lobes, narrowly lanceolate,
acute, shortly hairy, campanulately spreading. Corolla 5 lin. in diam.,
campanulate, 5-lobed almost to the base; “dull whitish-violaceous”
(Welwitsch); lobes 3 lin. long, 13-2 lin. broad, ovate, subacute and
slightly complicate at the apex, minutely pubescent on the back.
Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column and about
equalling it in length, 14 lin. long, connivent-erect, thick and fleshy,
with a short thick stalk and a rhomboid blade, obtuse or subacute,
with a grooved rhomboid depression on the back, and a keel from each
side on the inner face directed downwards and meeting at the centre,
enclosing a diamond-shaped area that is obtusely keeled down the
middle or convex, the sides of the stalks confluent at the base under
the very broad horny wings of the anthers; anthers connivent, their
appendages roundish-ovate, obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style.
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 682.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in sandy pastures among bushes near
Ferrao da Sola, Welwitsch, 4193!
9. KX. trilobatum, V. #. Br. Stem erect, simple, stout, softly
hairy. Leaves spreading or ascending; petiole 2-3 lin. long; blade
4-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, elongate-ovate-lanceolate, sometimes very
narrow and attenuate, acute, subcordate at the base, more or less un-
dulate, somewhat scabrous above, at first pubescent beneath, becoming
slightly scabrous. Umbels several, lateral and terminal, mostly clustered
at the top of the stem, 10-15-flowered ; peduncles erect, 3-1} in. long,
villous-tomentose; bracts 4-5 lin. long, subulate or filiform, shortly
villous ; pedicels 6-8 lin. long, villous-tomentose. Sepals 4 lin. long;
1 lin. broad, exceeding the corolla, lanceolate, acuminate, flat, villous:
pubescent on the back, glabrous within. Corolla campanulate, 5-lo
nearly to the base ; lobes erect, 3 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, ovate, obtuse
pointed, concave in the lower part, recurved-spreading at the tips, du
purple, sparsely pubescent outside on the apical half, glabrous within.
Coronal-lobes # lin. long, 1 lin. broad, sessile at the base of the een
column, erect, reaching only to the base of the anthers, fleshy, broadly
subreniform-deltoid, obtuse, sometimes with a faint constriction ™
below the apex, flat, with their margins recurved at the base. Stamint”
column 2 lin. long, its filament part about 3 lin. long.—Woodia trilobata,
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 337.
Wile Land. Uganda: Kavirondo; Nandi Range, in wet places, 7000-8000 ft
Scott-Elliot, 6877!
Schlechter describes tbe coronal-lobes as “ trilobulate, with suborbicular oer
lobules, subequal in size, the intermediate one erect, the lateral divaricate- ‘;
not find them so in the numerous flowers of his type that 1 have exami vial
sides of the lobes at their base are abruptly bent back, so that upon @ suPé cone
examination they may appear as lateral lobules, and sometimes there is @ sei sale
striction on each side just below the apex, which thus appears to be slightly proe™
but I have seen none that I should describe as trilobulate.
Xysmalobiwm. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 307
10, X. dispar, V. L. Br. Stem moderately stout, tomentose, at
least in the upper part, as well as the peduncles, pedicels and bracts.
Leaves numerous, ascending ; petiole 1—5 lin, long; blade 5-9 in. long,
}-1} in. broad, lanceolate, gradually tapering from a little above the
more or less truncate base to an acute mucronate point, margins
narrowly revolute, scabrous, both surfaces minutely scabrid-pubescent,
or the lower surface minutely tomentose when young, the pubescence
becoming more scattered and more or less deciduous on the older leaves.
Umbels several, pedunculate, lateral at the nodes along the upper part
of the stem which is sometimes leafless in the apical part; peduncles
}-1} in. long; bracts 2-5 lin. long, linear or subulate, acute; pedicels
6-11 lin.long. Sepals 4-6 lin. long, ? lin. broad, equalling or shorter
than the corolla, flat, lanceolate-attenuate, spreading, softly pubescent.
Corolla lobed almost to the base, campanulate, or rotate-campanulate (?),
apparently white ; lobes 4—5 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, oblong, acute, con-
cave, glabrous outside, tomentose with white hairs at the recurving
apex and the margins within. Coronal-lobes arising from the widened
base of the staminal column, spreading, very shortly adnate to the
bottom of the corolla at the base, then erect and scarcely reaching to
the base of the anthers, 1} lin. long and as much in breadth, broadly
ovate or rhomboid-ovate, apparently slightly reflexed at the sides,
obtusely pointed, with a thick obtuse keel down the face, which forms an
obtuse incurved point at the apex. Staminal-column 3 lin. long, with
well marked furrows at the junction of the filaments, which do not
appear to be quite free as in X. barbigerum, anther appendages
broadly ovate, or orbicular, obtuse, inflexed over the truncate apex of
the style which is not exserted beyond them. Follicles large “furrowed
at the apex ” (Holub), 44-5 in. long, 14-1} in. thick, pubescent and be-
set with soft flexuose hairy bristles $—# in. long.—Xysmalobium lapathi-
folium, K.Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 321, not of Decne.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usseri, ex K. Schumann. British
Central Africa: Rhodesia; Leshumo Valley, Holub, 669! 816! Nyasaland; near
Sochi Hill, 3000 ft., Kirk! Namasi, Cameron, 4!
This species is closely allied to X. ensifolium, Burch., and X. undulatum, R. Br.
From the former it differs in having the coronal-lobes at the base of the staminal-
column and scarcely reaching to the base of the anther-wings; from the latter it
differs in its narrower leaves, narrower and longer sepals, narrower, more acute and
‘pparently thinner petals, which are less densely bearded at the tips with shorter
hairs than in X, undulatum. It also resembles X. angolense, Scott-Elliot, but the
4pex of the style is not exserted beyond the anther-appendages and the filamental
part of the staminal-column is quite half its entire length, whilst in-¥. rangolense
tis not more than } of the entire length of the column. ne
41. x. barbigerum, V. L. Br. Stem probably tall, rather
robust, tomentose. Leaves opposite, ascending or incurved-ascending ;
petiole 4-1 in. long, tomentose or densely pubescent ; blade 3-54 in.
long, 6-10 lin. broad at the base or larger (?), long and narrow, gradually
Pering from the base to the acute apex, subtruncate or obtuse at the
» longitudinally folded, pubescent on both sides. Umbels lateral .
© nodes, racemosely arranged along the upper part of the stem 10-16-
308 LXXXY. ASCLEPIADEX (BROWN). [ Yysmalobium.
flowered; peduncles subequal, #—1 in. long, whitish-tomentose ; bracts
about 2 lin. long, subulate, deciduous, densely pubescent; pedicels }-%
in. long, whitish-tomentose. Sepals 2} lin. long, # lin. broad, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, pubescent on the back. Corolla lobed nearly to the
base, campanulate, apparently white, glabrous outside, densely bearded
within on the upper half with white hairs; lobes 24—23 lin. long, 1}
lin. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, sub-acute, recurved at the tips.
Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column and a little
shorter than it, erect, 11-1} lin. long, 1 lin. broad, ovate-rhomboid,
obtuse, dorsally flattened, moderately thick and fleshy, with a slight
obtuse keel down the inner face; alternating with them are 5 minute
teeth. Staminal-column 13 lin. long, with the filaments free above the
attachment of the coronal-lobes; anther-appendages ovate, subobtuse,
inflexed over the truncate apex of the style.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Amboella; at the mouth of the River Kuebe,
3700 ft., Baum, 332 !
12. X. angolense, Scott-Elliot in Journ. Bot. 1890, 365. Stem
1-2 ft. high, stout, erect, thinly pubescent with curved hairs. Leaves
ascending or incurved-ascending ; petiole 1-3 lin. long; blade 2}-9 in.
long, }-1 in. broad at the base, gradually tapering from the
truncate or subhastate base to an acuminate point, more or less
scabrid on both sides; margins slightly thickened, not revolute,
scabrid. Umbels pedunculate, several-flowered, lateral and terminal or
somewhat clustered at the top of the stem; peduncles }—? in. long,
pubescent ; pedicels 4~7 lin. long, pubescent ; bracts 3-5 lin. long.
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Sepals 3-34 lin. long, 1-1;
lin. broad, erect, flat or with revolute margins at the base, lanceolate,
acute, pubescent, “very pale yellow” (Welwitsch). Corolla-lobes ? jin.
long, 3 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, acute, concave, suberect, with recurvec
tips, densely bearded with white hairs on the apical part within, other-
wise glabrous, “ dull violet outside, whitish within ” { Welwitsch). Coro-
nal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column, 14-2 lin. long @®
the same in breadth, erect, fleshy, broadly ovate or subcordate-ovate,
subobtuse, flattened, with recurved margins at the base, keeled on the
face, “ violet” (Welwitsch). Anthers erect, oblong, their appendages
ovate, acute, erect, applied to the sides of the apical part of the style;
this last is 14-1} lin. long, stout, very obtuse or slightly dilated at the
top, produced beyond the anther appendages, “ violet” (Welwitsch).
Follicles 2-2} in. long, 6-74 lin. thick, lanceolate, acute, setose 2h”
pubescent.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. tv. 232 ;
Hiern. in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 682. X. prismatostigma, K. Schum.
- Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 120, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 19.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in damp meadows near Humpats, ®
swampy places along streams near Huilla, Welwitsch, 4170! in the damp pastures
Catumba, towards Ohai, Welwitsch, 4171! Malange, Mechow, 329!
and
13. HK. sessile, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 519. Stem herbaceous
NXysmalobium. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 309
rather densely tomentose with rather long spreading soft hairs. Leaves
almost sessile, ascending-spreading, 17-2? in. long, 7-10 lin. broad,
somewhat lanceolate or gradually tapering from the cordate or
subeordate base to the acute apex, tomentose along the midrib
above and beneath, otherwise glabrous, narrowly thickened at the
margin, reticulately veined. Umbels lateral at the nodes and terminal,
sessile, 3-4-flowered ; pedicels 4-1 in. long, tomentose. Sepals more or
less reflexed, 32-4 lin. long, ? lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute, with
some scattered hairs on the back and sparsely ciliate. Corolla lobed nearly
to the base, reflexed; lobes 44 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, oblong, subacute,
inner surface covered with exceedingly minute hair-like papills. Coronal-
lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column and nearly or quite as
long as it ; erect or slightly spreading, 24 lin. long, 14-14 lin. broad above
the middle, thick and fleshy, spathulate-obovoid, somewhat abruptly
narrowed into the claw at about the middle, forming a slight angle on
each side, obtuse, very convex on the back, flat on the inner face, with
an obtusely triangular median keel at about the middle and a short
transverse keel on each side of it. Staminal-column 2} lin. long and
a8 much in diam. at the base, broadly conical; anther-appendages
broadly subcordate-ovate, subacute, inflexed over the depressed apex of
the style; anther-wings } lin. broad and much projecting at their
base.—Gomphocarpus sessilis, Decne. in Ann. Sc, Nat. ser. 2, 1x.
325,
, mower Guinea. Angola, without indication of the collector in Herb. Mus.
@ Histoire Naturelle, Paris !
_ Described from Decaisne’s type specimen, which consists of a piece of the ter-
nal part of the plant about 5 in, long, with 4 pairs of leaves. The indumentum
on the stem, pedicels and midribs, although best described as tomentose is somewhat
Peculiar and slightly shaggy, the hairs are unequal in length, 4-3 lin. long, soft and
Jointed, very spreading. The coronal-lobes are inaccurately described by Decaisne ;
I find them as described above.
14. X. andongense, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 682. Stem
1-1} ft. high, pubescent with rather minute curved hairs. Leaves
Opposite, subsessile, 13-3} in. long, }-1} in. broad, thinly coriaceous,
oblong to oblong-ovate, abruptly acute obtuse or retuse at the apex,
apiculate, cordate at the base, narrowly thickened or revolute along the
Margins, glabrous on both sides, or with a few minute hairs scattered
along the midrib above and beneath. Umbels lateral at the nodes and
terminal, sessile, 5—8-flowered ; pedicels 4-8 lin. long, pubescent along
one side. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, 3—3 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate,
with a few scattered hairs on the back and sparsely ciliate. Corolla
lobed nearly to the base; lobes apparently campanulately spreading,
3-3} lin. long, 13-2 lin. broad, oblong, subacute, ciliolate, covered with
exceedingly minute hair-like papille on the inner surface. Coronal-lobes
arising at the base of the staminal-column and about as long as it,
erect, 13-2 lin. long, about 1 lin. broad above the middle, thiek and
fleshy spathulate-obovoid or clavate, obtuse, very convex on the back,
310 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEX (BROWN). [ Yysmalobium.
flat on the inner face, with a nose-shaped median keel down the upper
half, on each side of the abrupt lower end of which is a short trans-
verse keel running to the margin, basal part also slightly keeled.
Staminal-column 13-2 lin. long and as much in diam. at the base,
broadly conical; anther-appendages broadly subcordate-ovate, subacute,
inflexed over the depressed apex of the style; anther-wings } lin. broad
and much projecting at the base.—WSchizoglossum tricorniculatum, K.
Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 121, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 233; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 192.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 4189! Malange,
Mechow, 355, 402! San Salvador; in the Steppe near Tunis, Biittner, 406 (ex
Schumann).
South Central. Lunda: near Mussumba, Pogge, 379, 380 (ex Schumann).
I have much hesitation in retaining this as specifically distinct from X. sessile,
Decne. I can discover no difference in the flowers, except that those of X. andon-
gense are rather smaller in all their parts than those of X. sessile, and the corolla
does not appear to be reflexed. In the form of the leaves and in indumentum how-
ever, the two specimens of X. andongense which I have examined distinctly differ
from the type specimen of X. sessile. In X. andongense the hairs are minute,
adpreszed, mostly curved, and somewhat scattered, not at all dense, whilst in X.
sessile they are rather long, very spreading and dense.
15. KH. Cecilz, V. H. Br. Stem erect, 1-14 ft. high, stout,
about 2 lin. thick, simple, laxly leafy, puberulous along 2 lines
in the upper part, red. Leaves spreading, 1-1? in. apart; petiole
1}-2 lin. long; blade 13-23 in. long, 6-10 lin. broad and probably
larger, oblong, with parallel sides, obtuse, apiculate, shortly cuneate at
the base, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, flat, smooth on the margins,
bluish-green, with a red midrib. Umbels sessile at the upper nodes,
2—4-flowered ; pedicels 7-9 lin. long, puberulous down oneside. Sepals
3 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla
large, campanulate, 5-lobed almost to the base, dull green, tinged with
bronze outside, glabrous; lobes 1 in. long, 5-7 lin. broad, oblong oF
slightly elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, incurved-erect, recurved at the
apex when alive, suberect or slightly spreading when dried. Coronal-
lobes inserted 2 lin. above the base of the staminal-column and over-
tupping it by half their length, 34-4 lin. long, erect, fleshy, laterally
compressed, falcate-oblong in side view, perfectly truncate at the top,
which is produced over the top of the staminal-column into @ short
beak, rounded at the base, slightly channelled down the inner face,
which is destitute of keels or teeth, green, with a yellowish ape»
according to a drawing of the flower. Staminal-column 344 lin. long,
the anthers and filamental-tube being about equal in length, stout,
constricted under the anthers, dilated at the base ; anthers subquadrate,
with membranous orbicular appendages, inflexed over the rim 0 the
depressed-truncate apex of the style. Fruit not seen.
eee. Dist. Rhodesia: plentiful at Salisbury, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil,
Xysmalobium. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 311
This species closely resembles X. bellum, N. E. Br., and &, spathulatum,
N.E. Br., in general appearance, but is totally different from both in the structure
of the corona!-lobes.
16. KX. grande, V. L. Br. Rootstock tuberous. Stem 3 ft. high,
erect, simple, very stout, 4-4 in. thick, glabrous. Leaves rigidly
coriaceous when alive (Welwitsch), parchment-like when dried, spread-
ing, glabrous, glaucescent ;_ petiole 6—7 lin. long ; blade 4-44 in. long,
2-21 in. broad, cuneate-oblong, retuse or very obtusely rounded at
the apex, minutely apiculate, shortly and broadly cuneate at the base.
Umbels lateral at the nodes, shortly pedunculate or the upper perhaps
subsessile, 4—5-flowered; bracts 24-3 lin. long, } lin. broad, linear-
oblong or slightly spathulate, obtuse, giabrous ; pedicels } in. long,
moderately stout, glabrous. Sepals 3-3} lin. long, 24 lin. broad,
elliptic, very obtuse, glabrous. Corolla broadly campanulate, lobed
almost to the base, glabrous, greenish-purple ; lobes 3 in, long,
} in. broad, elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes arising $ lin, above
the base of the staminal-column and about or scarcely reaching to its
top, 2 lin. long, $-3 lin. broad, erect and applied to the backs of the
anthers, fleshy, linear-oblong, apparently flat on the inner face, very
convex on the back at the basal part, obtuse, without keels on either
face. Staminal-column 4 in. long, broadly conical in the antheriferous
part; anthers broadly triangular, their wings much projecting, broadest
at the base, with double or grooved margins ; their appendages about
1} lin. in diam., roundish inflexed over the apex of the style.—
Glossostelma angolense, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 322, t. 302, fig.
B; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zum ii—iv. 287; Hiern in
Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw, i. 688.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in the woods of Pandas, ncar
Mangue, very rare, Welwitsch, 4190!
There is no character whatever in the floral structure of this plant to separate it
generically from Xysmalobium, It is very similar to X. bellum, N. E. Br., and
X. spathulatum, N. E. Br., but is apparently a stouter plant and has different
Coronal-lobes. The figure illustrating the coronal structure in the Journal of Botany
18 scarcely correct. The specimen consists of a few nodes of the stem, with leaves
and umbels of flowers attached. The specific name given by Schlechter having
already been used under Xysmalobium, necessitates the above change.
_ 17. X. bellum, W. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1899, 69, Stem
simple, stout, probably attaining 2 ft. or more in height, glabrous, with
one pubescent line, which alternates at the nodes. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 2-3 lin. long; blade 2-34 in. long, 3-132 in. broad, oblong or
cuneate-oblong, varying from acute to broadly subtruncate at the apex,
cuneate-acute at the base, flat or narrowly revolute along the margins,
glabrous on both sides. Umbels 1 to several, lateral at the nodes, 3—6-
flowered ; lower umbels pedunculate ; peduncles 0-1 in. long, pubescent
along one side; bracts 24-4 lin. long, subulate or linear-lanceolate,
glabrous ; pedicels 3-1} in. long, stout, pubescent down one side.
Sepals 34-41 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute,
812 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Yysmalobiwm.
glaorous. Corolla 14-1} in. in diam., campanulate, 5-lobed almost to
the base, glabrous, dark purple-brown, speckled and streaked with white
or occasionally entirely dark purple-brown within; lobes 10-13 lin, long,
6-7 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes arising 2—2} lin. above
the base of the staminal-column and reaching to its top or slightly
exceeding it, 1#-2 lin. long, erect, white, very stout, fleshy, oblong or
suborbicular, about as thick as broad, very convex on the back, flat
with 2 narrow keels on the inner face, obtusely rounded at the apex,
which is usually (always?) horizontally produced over the tips of the
anthers into a short stout beak, on each side of which the margin is
produced into a short deltoid tooth, also directed towards the anthers.
Staminal-column 37-43 lin. long; anther-appendages broadly ovate,
obtuse or subacute, inflexed over the apex of the style—K. Schum. in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C, 425.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, Carson, 62 !
Nyasaland; Manganja Hills, near Sochi, 3000 ft., Kirk ! Blantyre, Buchanan, 43 !
Namasi, Cameron, 12! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 603! Northern
Rhodesia, Berrington !
This species, together with X. spathulatum N.E. Br., X. grande, N. E. Br., and
X, Cecile, N. E. Br., form a little group very similar in appearance, having larger
flowers than any other members of the genus. ‘The keels and teeth on the inner face
of the coronal-lobes in this species and in X. spathulatum, establish their connection
with Asclepias, but on account of the very thick fleshy nature of the coronal-lobes
and the close affinity of these species with X. Ceci/e (which has no teeth or keels on
the lobes), they seem to me better placed under Xysmalobium.
The plant enumerated as Schizoglossum spathulatum by K. Schumann in Evgler,
Jahrbicher, xxviii. 454, which was collected by Goetze (718) in Uhehe, German East
Africa, probably belongs here, rather than to X. spathulatum, N. E. Br., although
Schumann regards these two as one species, See note under the latter.
_18. X. spathulatum, V. #. Br. Stem stout, 14-18 in. high,
simple, solitary, with one pubescent line alternating at the nodes.
Leaves spreading; petiole 2-5 lin. long; blade 14-3} in. long, 3-2 in.
broad, cuneate-oblong or oblong, truncate retuse or very broadly
rounded at the apex, minutely apiculate, cuneate-acute at the base, both
sides glabrous; veins horizontally spreading. Umbels solitary and ter-
minal, or several lateral and terminal, the upper nearly or quite sessile,
the lower more or less pedunculate, 3—4-flowered ; peduncles up to 1 in.
long, pubescent ; bracts 14-4 lin. long, subulate, glabrous ; pedicels
8-1 in. long, pubescent along one side. Sepals 3-44 lin. long, 2-3 lin.
broad, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, glabrous. Corolla cam-
panulate ; lobes 6-11 lin. long, 4-6 lin. broad; oblong, obtuse, gla-
brous, whitish, densely spotted or speckled with purple. Coronal-lobes
arising 24-3 lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching
only to about the middle of the anthers, 1-1} lin. long and the same }
breadth, about 1 lin. thick, fleshy, orbicular, very convex on the back,
just below the rounded apex is a short erect horn on the face, with a
small tooth produced from the margin on each side of it at or below o
middle. Anther-appendages elliptic-ovate, obtuse or subacute, inflexe
over the apex of the style.—Schizoglossum spathulatum, K. Schum.”
XLysmalobium. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE® (BROWN). 313
Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 120, Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 233 and 234,
fig. 68, A-D, and in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 122; Durand &
Schinz, Etudes FI. Congo, i. 192. Gomphocarpus spathulatus, Schlechter
in Journ. Bot. 1895, 269.
Lower Guinea. Angola: near Malange, Mechow, 356; near Chamasango on
the River Quango (Kuango), Mechow, 539!
South Central. Congo Free State: Kongola Savanna, Buchner, 611;
Marangu (Marungu) district, De Beerst (ex Schumann) ; Mpweto, on Lake Moero,
Descamps (ex Schumann).
In general appearance this plant closely resembles XY. bellum, N. E. Br., which
Dr. Schumann considers to be identical with X. spathulatum ; but after an examina-
tion of one of type specimens (Mechow, 5394), which was sent to Kew by Professor
Engler and upon which the above description is chiefly based, I am unable to adopt
this view, as the coronal-lobes are quite different in the two species. The figure of
them in Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenfamilien is not quite accurate for Mechow. 539A, as
regards the form of the lobes, or their length and position relative to that of the
anthers, but it is sufficiently correct to demonstrate how different they are from those
of X, bellum,
19, ASCLEPIAS, Linv.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 754.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed to below the middle or nearly to
the base, campanulate, subrotate, or reflexed ; lobes overlapping to the
left in bud. Corona of 5 lobes arising from the staminal-column, oppo-
Site the anthers, variable in form, usually free to the base, but some-
times with the inflexed sides shortly adnate to the staminal-column,
Complicate-cucullate or channelled down the face, or at least with the
margins at the apex middle or base of the lobes inflexed and usually
orming a tooth on each side, never flat, witb or without a tooth horn
or Crest on the face of the lobe within the cavity or between the inflexed
sides; Sometimes 5 minute or rudimentary simple or bifid teeth or
pouch-like lobules alternate with the coronal-lobes at their base.
taminal-column arising from the bottom of the corolla. Anthers
erect, with their membranous appendages inflexed over the apex of
«Style or erect. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each anther-
cell, attached to the pollen-carriers in pairs by short or long variously-
shaped caudicles, Style truncate or depressed and often umbonate at
- apex, not exceeding the anther-appendages, which partly cover it.
Follicles variable in shape, smooth or softly echinate. Seeds crowned
with a tuft of hairs.— Perennial herbs or shrubs, often with a tuberous
rootstock or tuberous roots; juice milky, Stems simple or branched,
usually erect, rarely diffuse. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers in
Pedunculate or sessile umbels, lateral at the nodes or terminal.—
Comp hocarpus, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 753, Stathmo-
stelma, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 129.
A large gen istri hout Africa and the warmer parts of Nort anc
uth fiend ike ee and the Orient, and 2 naturalised in most
warm regions.
314 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Asclepias,
I am quite unable to retain Gomphocarpus as generically distinct from Aselepias ;
they have been united by Baillon (Histoire des Plantes, x. 225), and likewise by
Schlechter (Journal of Botany, 1895, 334). The only distinctive character assigned
to these two genera is the presence of a horn or other appendage within the cucullate
or folded part of the coronal-lobes in Asclepias, and its absence in Gomphocarpus,
but this proves to be an untenable character, and if used as a generic distinction
would place species that are evidently most closely related to each other into different
genera, as, for example, 4. tenuifolia, N. E. Br, and A. filiformis, Benth. & Hook.
f., A. angustata, N. E, Br. and A. macrantha, Hochst. ; whilst in 4. coccinea,
N. E. Br., the horn is well developed in some specimens and entirely absent in
others, thus requiring to be placed in bth genera. The same variation occurs
in the genera Margaretta, Schizoglossum and Cynanchum, some species having the
tooth or process (which corresponds to the horn of Asclepias) present, whilst in
others it is entirely absent, thus fully demonstrating that this character is of no
generic value. The genus Stathmostelma proposed by K. Schumann for those
species having broad caudicles, also appears to me to be quite untenable, as I find a
gradual series of variations from the short and slender up to the long and broad
caudicles, the two extremes being very different, but I consider them to be only of
specific value. I have refrained from describing the pollen apparatus in the follow-
ing pages, for, being complicated, details concerning them, however concise, would
lengthen the descriptions considerably and serve no useful purpose.
*Leaves never more than 5 times as long as broad,
usually much less, {4 in. broad, oblong, ovate,
ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, never linear.
tLeaves cordate, subhastate or obtuse at the base.
Umbel solitary, terminal, dense, 25-30-flowered . 1. A. densiflora,
Umbels 2—-many to a stem, racemosely arranged
along its upper part or corymbosely clustered
at its top, very rarely (in weak specimens)
solitary and then not strictly terminal.
Peduncles and pedicels glabrous; leaves sessile
or subsessile, cordate at the base, gla-
brous.
Leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse or broadly sub-
acute . c ; : : . 2. A. semiamplectens.
Leaves elongate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
tapering to an acute jWaypiag 3 res here glaucophylla.
Peduncles and pedicels pubescent or subtomen-
tose; leaves distinctly but sometimes shortly
petiolate.
Pubescence rust-coloured or deep tawny ;
coronal-lobes subquadrate, solid, with a
split beak . : i : A . 4, A. fulva.
Pubescence not rust-coloured nor tawny.
Coronal-lobes with a papillate line decurrent
from each side tooth and a crested
appendage within ; corolla-lobes 4 in.
long 5 c : : : . 9. A. odorata.
Coronal-lobes with a simple horn or appen-
dage within the cavity, no decurrent
papillate lines; corolla-lobes 3-3 in.
long, red.
Sepals 2-23 lin. long; staminal-coluwn
2 lin. long. . ; ‘ : . 10. A. pachyclada.
Aselepias. | LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 315
Sepals 4~6 lin. long; staminal-column
3 lin. long . 4 4 z . LL. A. spectabilis,
Coronal-lobes without a horn or appendage
within.
Coronal-lobes distinctly shorter than the
staminal-column . . 5. A. lineolata.
Coronal-lobes reaching to the level of the
top of the staminal-column or be-
yond,
Coronal-lobes complicate, glabrous
within,
Inflexed sides of the coronal-lobes
broad, somewhat hatchet-
shaped, truncate, rising above
the level of the apex of the
lube : : c ; f
Inflexed sides of the coronal-lobes
produced at the middle into
deltoid acute teeth.
Leaves elongate-ovate, tapering to
an acute apex; peduncles
23-4 in. long. : :
Leaves oblong, scarcely or not
at all narrowing towards the
apex; peduncles 3-1in. long 8. A. robust.
Coronal-lobes cucullate, at least in the
basal part, papillose or with a
transverse papillate-pubescent line
within, (See also 44. Ad. schu-
manniana in which the leaves
are sometimes rounded at the
base.)
Coronal-lobes 1-2 lin. long; sta- .
minal-column 1} lin. long —.: 48. A. modesta.
Coronal-lobes 23 lin. long ; staminal-
column 4 lin. long . : a 47.
ttlcaves acute or cuneate at the base. (See also
1. A. densiflora, in which the leaves are some-
times cuneate at the base.)
Leaves 1-21 in. long; corolla-lobes not zeflexed.
Corolla violaceous or veined with violet-purple,
often drying dark brown . ‘ : .
Corolla pink or white. (See 48. 4. modesta and
47. A. rubella.)
Leaves 23-5 in. long; corolla-lobes reflexed.
Corolla red =, : i 2 . 15. A. curassavicd.
Corolla white or greenish-white ‘ : - 16. A. Physocarpa.
uves narrow, at least 5 (usually 10-20) times as long as
broad, linear, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, never
_ broader at the base than at its middle.
tUmbels racemosely arranged along the stem one above
another (not subcorymbose), several or numerous,
rarely only 3-4 to a stem; peduncles all sub-
equal,
TLeaves much exceeding the peduncle and usually
6. A. Schweinfurthii.
7. A. conspicua.
A. rubella.
44, A. schumaniiaua.
bated Oe
316 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Asclepias,
as long or longer than the umbel arising frem
the same node.
Coronal-lobes overtopping the staminal-column
by about half their length.
Corolla glabrous outside ; coronal-lobes with a
tooth at the middle or apex of their
inflexed sides.
Coronal-lobes 44-73 lin. long, with the teeth
extending over the staminal-column . 12. A. giyjantiflora.
Coronal-lobes 3 lin. long, with the teeth
partly within the lobe, reflexed tow..rds
its dorsal apex . : : . 23. A. albida.
Corolla white-tomentose de 3. coronal-
lobes 2-3 lin. long, entire, without teeth 24. 4. integra.
Coronal-lobes or the median-horn with which
they are furnished within, overtopping the
staminal-column by much less than half
their length, 13-3 lin. long.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; corolla-
lobes red, 23-8 lin. long : . 15. A. curassavica.
Leaves linear- Mitoni: 3 corolla-lobes 2— 21 lin.
long, whitish . - 3 . 27. A. filiformis.
J eaves linear; corolla-lobes 8-9 lin. lone . 13. A. lisianthoides.
Coronal-lobes not overtopping the staminal-
column, sometimes shorter than it, with or
without a median tooth or horn inside,
sometimes varying in this character in
different flowers on the same specimen.
§Coronal-lobes with a distinct tooth arising
within or at the apical angles or
middle of the entire or denticulate top
margin of each of their inflexed sides.
(In A. leucocarpa the teeth are very
minute. )
Teeth arising from or within the top margin
of the coronal-lobes directed backwards,
straight or curved.
Coronal-lobes very distinctly shorter than
the staminal-column, denticulate
along the top margin ; fruit inflated,
obtuse . % 134: semilunata.
Coronal-lobes reaching to the top of the
staminal-column, entire along the
top margin, but the teeth are some-
times denticulate ; fruit not inflated,
long-pointed.
Fruit beset with bristle-like processes.
Bristles of the fruit distinctly pubs s-
cent with spreading hairs - 17. A. pubiseta.
Br'stles of the fruit glabrous or with
very minute adpressed pubes-
cence,
Top margin of the coronal-lobes
without a cut or notch at the
base of the teeth.
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN).
Coronal-lobes oblong, much
longer than broad viewed
sideways, the lower margin
of the tooth rising clear
above the top margin of
the lobe . : 3
Coronal-lobes subquadrate, as
broad as long viewed side-
ways, the lower margin of
the tooth about level with
the top margin of the lobe
Top margin of the coronal-lobes
with a cut or notch at the
base of the teeth, which are
partly within the lobe.
Stems unbranched, — stout;
corolla 4-2 in. in diam.
Stems branched; branche
slender; corolla 3 in. in
diam. : :
Fruit smooth, without any processes,
long-beaked : : :
Teeth arising from the top margin of the
coronal-lobes erect.
Stems unbranched; leaf-pairs 5-8 to a
stem, 2-3 in. distant : :
Stems branched ; leaf-pairs very numer-
ous, 3-1} in. distant.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
3-3 in. broad ; teeth of coronal-
lobes forming a short broad lobule
which is often produced into an
erect point on the dorsal side
Leaves narrowly linear, 3~1 lin. broad ;
teeth of coronal-lobes minute,
usually with a small notch in
front of them . :
Teeth of the coronal-lobes produced from the
apex of the inner margin, horizontally
directed over the tips of the anthers,
acute; branches very slender ; leaves
linear-filiform . : . >
§§Coronal-lobes with the top and inner margins
meeting at a somewhat rectangularly
acute angle, but not produced into dis-
tinct teeth.
Follicles inflated, subglobose, very obtuse,
bristly . i A . - .
Follicles ovoid-lanceolate, acuminate, bristly
ffLeaves on the flowering part of the stem sborter
than or not exceeding the peduncle arising
from the same node; coronal-lobes thickened
and papillate along the top margin :
ttUmbels solitary and terminal or 2-6 to a stem, sub-
corymbose or somewhat clustered at its top, all
els:
20.
6 ORE
a valle
5 IEE
. 30.
walGs
- 29.
+ 20-
25.
26.
s OLe
A. fruticosa.
A, flavida.
A, abyssinica,
A. Phillipsie.
A. rostrata.
A. amabilis.
A. physocarpa.
A. leucocarpa.
A. tenuifolia.
A. Frederict.
A, Burchellii.
A. longissima.
oo
“a
318
LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN).
reaching to nearly the same general level ; lower
peduncles usually much longer than the upper.
(See also 14. A. curassavica, in which the
umbels are subcorymbose whilst in flower, after-
wards becoming racemose, )
Peduncles usually all much more than 2 in. long,
the lower 3-11 in, long; coronal-lobes with
erect or horizontal teeth (lateral teeth) arising
from their inflexed sides and with or without
a median horn or tooth on their inner face,
(See also 85 A. Welwitschii, which may, per-
haps, sometimes have longer peduncles than
in the specimens I have seen.)
Apex of the coronal-lobes not or scarcely pro-
duced beyond the level of the lateral teeth.
Umbel solitary ; corolla-lobes 3-33 lin, long . «
Umbels 2-4 to a stem; corolla-lobes 4-6 lin.
long
Apex of the coronal-lobes produced much Wey ond
the lateral teeth.
Corolla-lobes 3-4 lin. long, reflexed almost to
the pedicel : :
Corolla-lobes 6 lin. long, spreading
Corolla-lobes 13—2 lin. long, spreading .
Uppermost (and often all of the) peduncles less
than 2 in. long; in a few species the
lowest peduncles are 3-6 in, long.
{Coronal-lobes overtopping the staminal-column
by 3-23 lin.
Coronal- lobes furnished with a median tooth
or horn on their inner face at or below
the apex, and their inflexed sides pro-
duced into taleate or deltoid teeth.
Leaves glabrous, 1-4 lin. bread.
Corolla yellow or orange within;
coronal-lobes 24-24 In, long
Corolla red within; coronal-lobes 33-4
lin. long :
Leaves pubescent or subtomentose, 3-1
lin. broad; corolla geeenish within .
Coronal-lobes without a median tooth or
horn on their inner face.
Terminal part of the coronal-lobes pro-
duced much beyond the cucullate
part into a long linear point .
Terminal part of the coronal-lobes not
produced into a long linear point.
Coronal-lobes widening upwards to
1} lin. broad across the side at
the teeth; pollen-candicles with a
very broad upper part. .
Coronal-lobes of about equal width
throughout, 2 lin. broad across
the side; pollen -caudicles fili-
form
. 42.
S30.
a By
= 30:
39.
| Asclepias,
A. coccinea.
A. macrantha.
. reflexa.
. laurentiana.
. aurea.
aes
A, Welwitschit.
A. rhacodes,
A. propingua,
. A. Randit.
. A. angustata.
. A, eminens.
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEX (BROWN). 319
{{Coronal-lobes never overtopping the staminal-
column by more than } a lin., usually
only reaching to the same level or
shorter than it.
§Coronal-lobes much shorter than the
staminal-column, nearly filled with
a tuft of pubescent or puapililate
filaments, which are erect from the
base : 5 ; ; ;
§§Coronal-lobes pubescent or papillate-
pubescent in the basal part or along
a transverse band or line at or
below the middle within, but with-
out a tuft of filaments.
Coronal-lobes with a small external
pouch on each side at the
middle. ; : : . Al. A. mmuhindensis,
Coronal lobes without external poucaes.
Coronal-lobes arising 3-1} lin. above
the base of the staminal-
column.
Corolla pink, hairy on the out-
side . 3 ; 4 :
Corolla not pink, glabrous on both
sides . ; : 5 . 46. A. dissolutas
Coronal-lobes arising at the base
of the staminal-column.
Tips of the coronal-lobes strictly
erect ; leaves 14-6 lin. broad.
Corolla veined with violet or
rosy - purple, sometimes
dark-coloured in the dried
state.
Hairs within the coronal-
lobes flat, scale-like, in
a transverse band at the
very base of the cucul-
late part é . 44. A. schumanntana,
Hairs within the coronal-
lobes terete, in a trans-
verse band at the very
top of the cucullate
part . . ‘ . 45. A. pulchella.
Corolla white or pale rosy in
the dried state, not veined
within.
Coronal-lobes abruptly eucul-
late in the basal part, with
a small erect oblong obtuse
tooth on each side . 48. A. modesta,
Coronal-lobes gradually nar-
rowed from the base tothe
obtuse apex, with a small
subacute tooth inflexed
within on each side . 49. A. foliosas
50. A. palustris.
47. A. rubella.
eo
bo
i)
LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEH (BROWN). [ Asclepias.
Tips of the coronal-lobes stel-
lately spreading ; leaves 3-3
lin. broad . 5 : . 51. dA. pygmea,
§§§Coronal-lobes glabrous and without
a tooth or horn within, truncate
at the top.
Leaves glabrous; corolla - lobes
glabrous, whitish within, dull
purple - brown with white
margins on the back . . 82. A. Nultir.
Leaves puberulous beneath;
corolla-lobes puberulous on
the back, spotted with brown,
whitish at thetips . . 33. A. sphacelata.
1. A. densiflora, V. ZH. Br. Stems somewhat decumbent and
branching at the base, 14-1} lin. thick, with internodes 3-21 in. long,
somewhat roughly hairy or subhispid. Leaves shortly petiolate,
spreading ; petiole 1-2 lin. long, stout, subhispid ; blade 14-23 in. long,
4-6 lin, broad, gradually tapering from the rounded cuneate sub-
truncate subhastate or subcordate base to an acute apex, often crisped
or wavy on the margins, coarsely pubescent on both sides. Umbel
solitary, terminal,25—50-flowered, dense, 1-1? in. in diam. ; peduncle
2—5} in. long, stout, coarsely pubescent ; pedicels 4-8 lin. long, his-
pidulous. Sepals 14 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
thinly pubescent with spreading hairs. Corolla reflexed, glabrous on
both sides; lobes 24 lin. long, 13-2 lin. broad, ovate, subobtuse, dull
purple on the apical part. Coronal-lobes arising 1_1 lin. above the base
of the staminal-column, and overtopping it by about } a lin., 14-1} ln.
long, about 1 lin. broad across the side at the top, somewhat obovate-
oblong, obtusely rounded or subtruncate at the top, rather thick and
fleshy, somewhat clawed in the basal part, complicate above, with the
inflexed sides shortly produced into an obtuse deltoid tooth over the
staminal-column, no tooth within, apparently yellow. Staminal-column
1-1} lin, long; anther-wings exceedingly prominent, broadly triangular
in outline, ? lin. long, 4-4 lin. broad at the middle ; anther-appendages
orbicular, about } lin. in diam., inflexed on the depressed-truncate
apex of the style.
Mozamb. Dist. Rliodesia; between Salisbury aud Buliwayo, common, Hon.
Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 78!
Also in South Africa.
2. A. semiamplectens, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 3. 659.
Stems 1}-2 ft. high, simple, moderately stout, glabrous or with two
puberulous lines, very leafy. Leaves suberect, sessile or subsessile,
13-3 in. long, 3-21 in. broad, cordate or cordate oblong, obtuse or ear
acute, subamplexicaul at the base, both sides glabrous. Umbels latera’,
6—5-flowered ; “ flowers nodding ” (Welwitsch) ; peduncles rather slender,
glabrous, 14-2 in. long; bracts 14-2 lin. long, subulate, g!abrous;
a
pedicels t1—13 in. long, glabrous. Sepals 24—3 lin. long, oblong, obtuse-
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 321
glabrous. Corolla 7-9 lin. in diam., rotate-campanulate ; lobes 4 lin.
long, 3 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, subacute, glabrous, with one margin
very minutely ciliolate. Coronal-lobes arising about 4 lin. above, or
decurrent to, the base of the staminal colamn, and attaining the same
level, 24 lin. long, ascending-spreading, complicate, truncate, the inner
angles of the inflexed sides scarcely produced; no tooth within.
Anther-appendages ovate, obtuse. Follicles (unripe only seen) 2 in. long,
-1in. thick, inflated-ovate, acute, smooth and glabrous.—Gomphocarpus
semiamplectens, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 128, and in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo,
i. 198,
_ Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; ina thicket near Cazella, Wel-
witsch, 4188! near Malange, Mechow, 328.
South Central. Congo Free State: near Mukenge, Pogge, 1006, 1077, 1141.
and between the Lubilash and Lomami Rivers, Pogge, 1037 (cx Schumann).
3. A. glaucophylla, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896, 455. A stout
herb with milky juice, about 3 ft. high, glabrous in all parts. Stems
tin. or more in diam. Leaves opposite, sessile, 34-6 in. long, 1-2} in.
broad, elongate-ovate, acute or somewhat acuminate, cordate, with
rounded stem-clasping lobes at the base, glaucous, blueish-green ;
margins flat,smooth. Umbels several, lateral at the nodes, pedunculate,
7-15-flowered ; peduncles 1-1} in. long; bracts 24—4 lin. long, $ lin,
long, linear, acute; pedicels 8-15 lin. long. Sepals 3 lin. long, 1-14 lin.
broad, oblong, subacute, ciliate, reflexed. Corolla reflexed, 5-lobed
nearly to the base, light green; lobes 44-6 lin. long, 23-4 lin. broad,
subobtuse, very minutely ciliate along one margin. Coronal-lobes
arising } lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching to
the same level, erect, 2-21 lin. long, 14-24 lin. broad across the side,
compressed-cucullate, broadly oblong or subquadrate in outline, truncate
at the top with the apical angle of the sides produced intoa short acute
point, no tooth or horn within, yellowish-brown. Staminal-column 24
in. long ; anthers somewhat deltoid-oblong, their horny margins slightly
dilated at the base, their appendages 1 lin. long, $ lin. broad, oblong,
obtuse, inflexed over and concealing the truncate apex of the style,
Which is about 1 lin. in diam. Follicles 34 in. or more long, about # in.
thick, fusiform, obtuse, with a few stout compressed linear obtuse pro-
cesses 2~4 lin. long in the upper part.—S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902,
an. Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xviii.
Beibl. 45, 19
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Rhodesia; plentiful near Salisbury,
on. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 57! Rand, 185 (ex S. Moore).
Also in Sonth Africa.
. 4. A. fulva, V. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 254. Plant 1-2 ft.
high. Stems simple with a close pubescence of minute, jointed, rust-
coloured hairs, Leaves ascending or suberect, the lower with petioles
= lh. long, the uppermost subsessile; blade 14-3 in. long, 3-1 in.
broad, oblong, subacute, emarginate or subcordate at the base, both sides
VOL. ty, Y
? .
322 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEH (BROWN). | Asclepias,
covered with minute rust-coloured jointed hairs when young, glabrescent
with age, scabrid on the margins. Umbels lateral and terminal, 6-8-
flowered ; peduncles 1-2 in. long, pubescent like the stem, as are also
the 6-9 lin. long pedicels. Sepals 3 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, acute,
spreading or reflexed, rusty-puberulous. Corolla reflexed-rotate, about
1 in. in diam.; lobes 5 lin. Jong, 3 lin. broad, ovate, subacute or sub-
obtuse, with the apex minutely bifid, rusty-puberulous and purple-
brown on the outside, dull orange within. Coronal-lobes arising 1 lin,
above the base of the staminal-column and reaching to its top, 2 lin,
long, compressed, subquadrate viewed sideways, with the inner side
longest, truncate at the base, obliquely truncate at the top, produced
over the tips of the anthers into an acuminate beak, which is split to its
base like a pen-nib, otherwise the lobe is solid, yellowish with a narrow
dark purple projecting rim around the top and base; a narrow wing
runs down from the beak near the inner margin on each side. Staminal-
column 3 lin. long. Anther-appendages rounded, obtuse, inflexed over
the apex of the style.—A. rubicunda, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895,
336. Gomphocarpus rubicundus, K. Schum, in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 382.
Nile Land. Uganda: Buddu, on a dry plateau, Scott-Elliot, 7443! on dry
grassy hills on the east side of Luke Albert Edward, Scott Elliot, 8088! and with-
out precise locality, Wilson, 112!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Unyika ; Uwurungu Mountain, 7200
ft., Goetze, 1456 (ex Schumann).
Remarkable for its close rusty pubescence.
5. A. lineolata, Schlechter in Jowrn. Bot. 1895, 336 partly.
Roots fleshy, fusiform, fascicled. Stems stout, 2-4 ft. high, more oF
less hairy in the upper part. Leaves ascending or spreading; petiole
4-2 in. long; blade 2-44 in. long, ?-2 in. broad, or the uppermost
sometimes only 1—} in. broad, oblong, ovate-oblong, or occasionally the
upper ones linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, apiculate, cordate, emar-
ginate or rounded at the base, both sides scaberulous, narrowly revolute
and scabrous along the margins. Umbels several, lateral and terminal,
pedunculate, 4-10-flowered ; peduncles 3-5} in. (usually 2-38 in.) long;
more or less pilose; bracts 14—4 lin. long, pilose ; pedicels 1_]} in. long,
pilose. Sepals 3-34 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, or attenuate, pilose.
Corolla about 1 in. or rather more in diam., rotate or the lobes slightly
reflexed ; lobes 5-6 lin. long, 3-34 lin. broad, oblong-ovate, acute, pilose
or puberulous on the back, more or less ciliolate, veined with rosy-
purple on a whitish green ground, varying from white to purple (Wel-
witsch). Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the staminal-column
and } shorter or almost equalling it in length, 24~3 lin. long, purple,
spreading, closely complicate, adnate to the column up to the anthers,
produced at the apex into a stout, conical, complicate, erect or incurvé
tooth or point, between which and the base the margins rise into broa
deltoid obtuse erect teeth, with their inner edges pressed against
back of the anthers, with a wing-like flap or ridge forming 2 seu
pocket on each side of the lobe at the base of the apical tooth. ee
appendages very broad, rounded, inflexed over the apex of the style
Asclepias. | LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 323
Follicles 3-4 in. long, 2 in. in diam., inflated, ellipsoid, obtuse,
smooth, glabrous.—Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 308;
Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. 68; Hiern in Cat. Afr, Pl.
Welw. i. 685. A. lineolatus, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902. 256.
Gomphocarpus lineolatus, Decne. in Ann. Se. Nat. 2 sér. ix. (1838)
326, and in DC. Prod. viii. 558; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xvii, 126; in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 322, and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 237; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 193;
De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. ii. 41. G. brsacculatus,
Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, ii. 341.
Upper Guinea. Niger Protectorate: Nupe, Barter, 1323 A!
Wile Land. Jur: Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 2000! Bongo: by the River
Moroko, Schweinfurth, 3982! by the River Lehssi, Schweinfurth, 4000! Uganda : by
the River Wimi, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7881! British East Africa: near Mombasa,
Wakefield! Hildebrandt, 1943!
LowerGuinea. Lower Congo: near Dolo, Schlechter, 12807 (ex Schlechter),
and without precise locality, Zaurent, 104 (ex Durand sf Schinz), Angola:
Cazengo ; by the River Luze, Welwitsch, 4182! Pungo Andongo; near rivers and
in thickets, Welwitsch, 4183! 4184! 4185! 4186! 4187! Huilla; bushy places
between Eme and Quipungo, Welwitsch, 4192! in the territory of Cahungulu,
Marques, 203 (ex Henriques) ; Amboella; by the Kubango River, above Knimarva,
8600 ft., Baum, 460 !
South Central. Congo Free State: Luazi, Luja, (ex De Wild. § Durand).
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 3600-5000 ft., Johnston !
Polkens, 2129 ! Portuguese East Africa: Shupanga, Kirk / banks of the River
Shire near Morambala, Kirk, 74! British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo,
Carson, 41! 61! Nyasaland ; Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte / Mount
Mlanji, Scott-Elliot, 8668! Purves, 92! Chikala, 2000 ft.. Purves, 9! Shire
Valley, Waller! Rhodesia: Buluwayo, Rand ! near Salisbury, Rand ! Hon. Mrs.
Evelyn Cecil, 66! Leshumo Valley, Holub, 550!
6. A. Schweinfurthii, V. 2. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 253.
Stems 2 ft. or more high, simple, pubescent. Leaves spreading ; petiole
1-2 lin. long ; blade 2-34 in. long, 1-24 in. broad, cordate, obtuse, or
lanceolate-ovate with a cordate base and subobtuse apex, apiculate, gla-
brous, slightly rough beneath, narrowly revolute and scabrid at the
Margins. Umbels 4—6-flowered, lateral ; peduncles 1}-5} in. long,
pubescent ; bracts 3—5 lin. long, linear-subulate, pubescent ; pedicels
8-12 lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 4 lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate,
acute, pubescent. Corolla rotate-campanulate, 1 in. or rather more 1n
diam. ; lobes } in. long, 3-34 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, acute, puberulous
on the back, ciliolate on one margin. Coronal-lobes radiately ascending
from the base of the staminal-column and attaining to the same level as
It, 3-34 lin. long, 13-2 lin. high, complicate, produced at the apex
beyond the broad hatchet-shaped wings or sides of the complicate part
into a short oblong obtuse lobe. Staminal-column 24 lin. long ; anther-
appendages subreniform or suborbicular, obtuse, inflexed over the ——
cate apex of the style.—A. lineolata, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1899,
336, partly.
324 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Asclepias.
Nile Land. Jur: Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1960! Uganda: Buddu,
Scott-Elliot, 7533 !
7. A. conspicua, V. 7. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 253. Plant
15 in. or more high ; stems branching and apparently decumbent at the
base, subhispid. Leaves distant, ascending; petiole 1—3 lin. long; blade
14-23 in. long, }—1in. or rather more broad, elongate, ovate, acute,
cordate at the base, scabrid on both sides. Umbels 2-3 to a stem, ter-
minal and lateral, 3—4-flowered ; peduncles subhispid, 2}—4 in. long;
bracts 2-3 lin. long, subulate, hispidulous; pedicels 5-7 lin. long,
hispidulous. Sepals 3-4 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, hispidulous.
Corolla 1-1} in. in diam., rotate-campanulate; lobes 6-7 lin. long,
4-4} lin. broad, elliptic-oblong, subacute, ciliolate, puberulous on the
back. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the staminal-column and
twice as long as it, but radiately ascending, so as to reach to about the
same level, 4 lin. long, oblong, complicate, bicarinate on the face
between the inflexed sides which are produced below the middle into
broad deltoid subacute erect teeth. Anther-appendages orbicular-ovate,
emarginate, inflexed over the apex of the style.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, Carson, 12!
8. A. robusta, V./. Br. Stems 2-4 ft. high, simple, stout, pubes-
cent below, more or less tomentose in the upper part. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 1-4 lin. long; blade 2-44 in. long, 1-2} in. broad, oblong or ovate-
oblong, obtuse, apiculate, cordate or rounded at the base, pubescent-scabrid
on both sides, scabrous on the margins. Umbels lateral and terminal,
6—12-flowered ; peduncles }—1 in. long, tomentose ; bracts 3-4 lin. long,
linear, acute ; pedicels ?-1 in. long, tomentose. Sepals 4—5 lin. long,
2 lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute, with a short spreading pubescence.
Corolla rotate, 11-1} in. in diam.; lobes 7-8 lin. long, 4-4} lin. broad,
elliptic-oblong, acute, pubescent on the back. Coronal-lobes 8-9 lin.
long, stellately ascending, spreading from the base of the staminal-column
and three times as long as it, narrowly complicate, linear-acuminate and
channelled in the apical part, with the inflexed sides produced just
below the middle into subfalcate teeth projecting over the apex of the
style ; no tooth within. Staminal-column 24-3 lin. long ; anther-ap-
pendages rounded, inflexed over the apex of the style-—Gomphocarps
rvobustus, A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss. ii. 40, t. 70; Oliver in Trans. Lino.
Soc. xxix. 110; K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 322, and in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 237. G. drepanostephanus, Hochst. &
Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 110.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: near Jelajeranne towards the Tacazze River, S¢ himp sf
1673! Shire Province, Quartin-Dillon! Uganda: Unyoro, Speke § Grant, 559°
9, A. odorata, V. H. Br. Stems erect, simple, about 20.»
high, 2} lin. thick, minutely tomentose above. Leaves petiolate ;
petiole 1}~7 lin. long, channelled above, puberulous ; blade 34-7} 1D.
long, 7-2} iu. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, broadly cuneate
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADES (BROWN). 325
or rounded at the base, very minutely scabrid-puberulous on both
sides. Umbels lateral at the nodes, few or many-flowered ; peduncles
43-163 lin. long, minutely tomentose; pedicels 14-1 64 lin. long, minutely
tomentose. Sepals }in. long, subulate-lanceolate, tomentose on the
back. Corolla lobed nearly to the base, orange-red ; lobes about 4 in.
long, oblong, acute, minutely papillate. Coronal-lobes arising # lin.
above the base of the staminal-column and very much longer,
43 lin. long, 3-lobed, furnished within below the terminal-lobe with a
crested appendage, and with two papillate lines decurrent from the
acute side lobes. Staminal-column 14 lin. long, reaching only to the
middle appendage of the coronal-lobes; anther-appendages large.
Follicles 34-44 in. long, fusiform, beaked, minutely papillate.—Stath-
mostelma odoratum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 457.
aaa Dist. German East Africa; Uhehe: near Sula, 4200 ft., Goetze,
I have not seen this species. If the measurements given are correct, the
eoronal-lobes are about 3 times as long as the staminal-column.
10. A. pachyclada, V. #. Br. A stout bush about 3 ft. high,
with flowering-stems 8-12 in. long and 34~4} lin. thick at the base,
subtomentose above with dusky olive-green hairs. Leaves membranous ;
petiole up to } in. long, somewhat sulcate, papillate ; blade 34-84 in.
long, 13-44 in. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronate,
rounded or subcordate at the base, subtomentose when young, after-
wards with minute scattered hairs on both sides. Umbels lateral at
the nodes, few-flowered, pedunculate ; pedicels 1-14 in. long, minutely
subtomentose. Sepals 2~2} lin. long, subulate, puberulous on both
sides. Corolla large, 5-lobed almost to the base, red-brown ; lobes about
2 lin. long, oblong, acute, minutely papillate within. Coronal-lobes
3-lobed, lateral lobes acuminate, middle lobe obtuse, furnished within
with a triangular appendage. Staminal-column 2 lin. long.—Stathmo-
stelma pachycladum, K. Schum. in Eng). Jahrb. xxviii. 458.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Uhehe; in Iringa near Kigonsire,
4200 ft., Goetze, 531.
x : have not seen this plant, which may prove to be identical with 4. spectadilis,
-E. Br,
1l. A. spectabilis, V. #. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 254. Stems
S~4 ft. high, stout, pubescent, with milky juice. Leaves somewhat
ascending, herbaceous ; petiole 1-6 lin. long; blade 34-7 in. long, 12
In. broad, lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, cuneately or sub-
truncately rounded at the base, pubescent on both sides. : Umbels
lateral and terminal, probably 5—6-flowered ; peduncles 3-1} in. long,
pubescent; bracts 2-21 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels j-14 in. long,
pubescent, at least down one side. Sepals 4-6 lin. long, Janceolate,
“cuminate, pubescent. Corolla rotate-campanulate, 14 in, in diam. ;
obes } in. long, 34 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, more or less replicate,
Sparsely pubescent on the back towards the apex and puberulous within
along one margin. Coronal-lobes arising 3-1 lin, above the base of the
326 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Asclepias.
staminal-column and } longer than it, 4 lin. long, erect, gibbous on each
side at about } the way up from the base, apical half concave-com-
plicate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, margins just above the middle produced
over the apex of the style into faleate and acute, or linear-oblong,
truncate or obtuse teeth, within the middle of the face of the lobe an
erect, subu'ate and acute, or compressed linear-oblong, obtuse or truncate
horn, 1} lin. long.. Staminal-column 3 lin. long ; anther-appendages
orbicular-oblong, obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style.
Mozamb,. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland: Magomera, 3000 ft.,
Waller ! near Blantyre, Last! Chikala, 2000 ft., Purves, 74! and without precise
locality, Buchanan, 441! 553!
“ Root tuberous, eatable, beans eatable,” Waller. A very handsome species, the
flowers appear to be carmine or scarlet-red, with a yellow corona.
12. A. gigantiflora, V. Z. Br. Stems probably attaining a
height of 2-3 ft., branched at the base. Leaves sessile or subsessile,
34-64 in. long, 1-34 lin. broad, elongate-Janceolate or linear, acuminate,
glabrous, pubescent on the revolute margins and midrib. Umbels
several, lateral and terminal, about 3-flowered ; peduncles 14-4 in. long,
pubescent along one side. Bracts 2-8 lin. long, linear, acuminate, ciliate ;
pedicels 14-2 in. long, pubescent along the inner side. Sepals 43-7}
lin. long, 14-34 lin. broad, lanceolate or ovate, acute, more or less
pubescent on the back. Corolla rotate, 14-21 in. in diam. or rather
more ; lobes 7—1 in. long, 4-44 lin. broad, oblong, acute, glabrous on
both sides. Coronal-lobes arising 1} lin. above the base of the staminal-
column and much overtopping it, 44-74 lin. long, complicate in the
apical part, solid below, obliquely truncate, with the inflexed margins
produced into faleate teeth, curved upwards over the tips of the anthers,
no horn within.—Stathmostelma gigantiflorum, K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. 129, t. 6, fig. A-C; in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 322; and
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii, 240 and 241, fig. 70, A-C;
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 333.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Makindu Mountains, Scott-Elliot, 6283 !
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: near Rekoma, Béhm, 24.
I have not seen the type of this plant ; the petioles are stated to be up to 43 lines
long, but the leaves are represented as subsessile or with very short petioles 10 the
figure, The smaller dimensions in the above description are taken from Scott-
Elliot’s specimen, which appears to be identical with Bohm’s plant except in the size
of the flowers.
13. A. lisianthoides, V. H. Br. Stem erect, simple, 10 in. or
more high, with one puberulous line alternating at the nodes. Leaves
more or less recurving, subsessile, 21—4 in. long, 1}—2 lin. broad, linear,
acute, glabrous. Umbels lateral at the nodes and terminal, racemose
along the upper part of the stem, pedunculate, 3—4-flowered E peduncles
3—} in. long ; bracts 1} lin. long, subulate ; pedicels 6-7 lin. long;
glabrous. Sepals 14-13 lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute oF
acuminate, glabrous. Corolla large, lobed nearly to the base, quite
glabrous; lobes apparently campanulately spreading, 3 in. long, Sach
°
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 327
broad, somewhat elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, narrowly reflexed along
the margins, recurved at the apex. Coronal-lobes arising 1} lin. above
the base of the staminal-column and overtopping it by about } of their
length, 3-34 lin. long, about 1 lin. broad measured either way, erect,
fleshy, narrowly complicate or channelled down the inner face, very
convex on the back and slightly gibbous at the base, tapering upwards
into a linear channelled obtuse or bifid point. Staminal-column 3-34
lin. long; anther-appendages orbicular, erect and applied to the sides
of the terminal part of the style, which is truncate and depressed or
crater-like at the apex, and exceeds or is slightly shorter than the anther-
appendages. Pollen-carriers seated much below the apex of the style.—
Gomphocarpus lisiunthoides, Decne. in Ann. Se. Nat. 2 sér. ix. 325; K.
Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 237. G. chironioides,
Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 562. Xysmalobium fritillarioides, Rendle in
Journ. Bot. 1894, 162; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 682.
Lal fritillarioides, Welw. ex Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1894,
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in thickets between Mompulla and Hum-
pata, rare, Welwitsch, 4179! and without precise locality or indication of the
collector in Herb. Paris !
On comparing the type specimen of Gomphocarpus lisianthoides with that of
Xysmalobium fritillarioides, Rendle, at the British Museum which consists of a
sketch of Welwitsch’s unique specimen, 1 flower and 1 bud, I find that the two
are identical. According to Welwitsch the flowers are greenish-yellow. ‘The
species has the habit and general appearance of Schizoglossum Carsoni, N. E. Br., but
the coronal-lobes are quite different, being distinctly (although narrowly) com-
plicate, somewhat as in A. dissoluta, Schlechter, in which the flowers are similar in
structure.
In Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 382, Gomphocarpus listanthoides is also recorded by Dr.
Schumann from the foot-hills of Kivira Valley, in the Umtali district of Upper
Kondelana, German East Africa (Goetze, 1476), but I have not seen a specimen.
_ lt. A. semilunata, J. #. Br. Stems 2-5 ft. high, tomentose
im the upper part. Lower leaves usually 3-4 in a whorl, upper
Opposite ; petiole 14-4 lin. long; blade 4-7 in. long, }-? in. broad,
hear or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, more or less rounded or
somewhat tapering at the base, narrowly revolute along the margins,
glabrous. Umbels pedunculate, lateral at the nodes ; peduncles 1-1}
in. long, tomentose; bracts 5-7 lin. long, linear, acuminate, tomentose,
deciduous ; pedicels 5-11 lin. long. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, lanceolate,
acuminate, tomentose. Corolla 5-lobea nearly to the base ; lobes
reflexed, 4-5 lin. long, 24-2} lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subacute,
glabrous on both sides, ciliate along one margin. Coronal-lobes
arising 1 lin. above the base of the staminal-column and shorter,
1-1} En long and the same in breadth, complicate-cucullate, truncate,
ort straight tooth
with the apical margin denticulate and having a sb
directed backwards at about one third the way along it on either
side within, often from the bottom within arises a small, compressed,
erect tooth 3-2 the length of the sides of the lobe, sometime
rudimentary or absent. Follicles large and very inflated 24—3 in. long,
328 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Aselepias.
13-1} in. thick, half-moon shaped, straight on the inner face, very
much curved on the outer, very obtuse, setose-echinate. Seeds ovoid,
turgid, grooved down one face, tuberculate.—A. denticulata, Schlechter
in Journ. Bot. 1895, 334; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 685.
Gomphocarpus semilunatus, A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss. ii. 39; Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 341. G. physocarpus, K. Schum. in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322, not of E. Meyer.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: Plain of Dembea, between {fak and Gondar,
Schimper, 1343! Jenda, Steudner, 750! Reb Valley, Steudner, 754 (ex Engler) ;
Shireh Province, Dillon § Petit, 31! Uganda: Unyoro, Speke & Grant, 606!
Madi, Speke & Grant, 728! Berkeley Bay, Scott-Elliot, 7089! Kampala, Scott-
Elliot, 7310! Ruwenzori; Wimi, 6000-9000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7904! Semliki
Valley, Scott-Elliot, 8101! Usoga villages, Whyte! Fifth day from Lubwas,
Whyte! Mau Plateau, 8500-9500 ft.. Whyte! Cultivated ground, Wilson, 51!
ower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; in palm-swamps on the banks of the
River Quiapoze, Welwitsch, 4158! Libongo: in swamps around the lakes by the
banks of the River Lifune, Welwitsch, 4159 !
South Central. Congo Free State: Niamniam; Wando, on the River
Dyagbe, Schweinfurth, 3098 !
l. A. curassavica, Linn. Sp. Pl. i215. Stems 2-3 ft. high,
glabrous, Leaves spreading ; petiole 4-4 in. long; blade 24-54 in.
long, 4-1} in. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate-acute at the base,
glabrous. Umbels lateral and terminal, pedunculate, 6—12-flowered ;
peduncles 1-3 in. long, puberulous ; pedicels $—3 in. long, more or less
puberulous. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, reflexed, puberulous.
Corolla reflexed, scarlet-red ; lobes 24-3 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, oblong,
acute, glabrous. Coronal-lobes arising 1 lin. above the base of the
staminal-column and overtopping it by about 4 of their length, 1}-2
lin. long, complicate, obliquely truncate, with a horn arising from the
base within, protruding for half its length, and curved forwards over
the top of the staminal-column, yellow. Anther-appendages orbicular
inflexed over the apex of the style. Follicles mostly solitary, 3-35 in.
long, about 5 lin. thick, lanceolate, acuminate into a beak, and tapering
mto a stipe at the base, smooth, glabrous. Seeds 3 lin. long, 2 lin.
broad, elliptic, plano-convex, with a broad thin margin, minutely
tuberculate-lineate, dark brown.—Bot. Reg. i. t. 81; Loddiges, Bot.
Cab. t. 349; Decne. in DO. Prod. viii. 566; Henriques in Bolet. Soc.
Brot. x. 141; K. Schum. in Engi. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. ii. 239.
_ Upper Guinea. Liberia, Christy! Gold Coast : Aburi, Johnson! Southern
Nigeria : Old Calabar, Holland, 124! Fernando Po, Mann, 48!
Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, 1006-2000 ft., Moller & Quintas (ex
Henriques).
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Tanga, Heinsen, 129!
Portuguese East Africa : Zumbo, on the Zambesi, Baum, 1004: !
‘vo aw pe ‘ ‘i s .
A native of Tropical America, now widely spread in the tropics.
10. A. physocarpa, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896, 453. Stem
2-3 ft. (or more ?) high, branched, whitish-pubescent or subtomentulose
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 329
in the upper part. Leaves opposite, ascending or spreading ; petiole
2-3 lin. long; blade 2-4 in. long, 34-10 lin. broad, lanceolate, very
acute, mucronulate, cuneately acute at the base, glabrous on both sides,
but with the petiole and sometimes the midrib more or less puberulous.
Umbels 6-10-flowered ; peduncles sublateral or subaxillary, 1-1} in.
long, whitish-pubescent at the top; pedicels 7-12 lin. long, whitish-
pubescent. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Co-
rolla 5-lobed nearly to the base; lobes reflexed, about 3 lin. long,
2-21 lin. broad, ovate, subobtuse, glabrous on both sides, but
ciliate along one margin within, white. Coronal-lobes arising }—j lin.
above the base of the staminal-column and nearly or quite reaching
to its top, about 13 lin. long, complicate, subquadrate in side view,
apical angles of the inflexed sides shortly produced above the
other part of the lobe into a broad subtruncate lobule, usually pro-
duced into an erect tooth on the dorsal side, narrowly winged down
the inner margins, no tooth within. Staminal-column about 23 lin.
long ; anther-appendages transverse,somewhat semicircular, inflexed over
the margin of the depressed apex of the style. Follicles 14-2} in.
long, 14-2 in. in diam., solitary, inflated, subglobose or obliquely ovoid,
obtuse, puberulous and covered with long soft bristles. —Gomphocarpus
physocarpus, E. Meyer, Comm. 202; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 558;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236 ; in Engl. Pf.
Ost-Afr. C. 322.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Leikipia, 6800 ft., Thomson ! Uganda
Protectorate: between Eldoma Ravine und Upper Mau Platean, 7000-8000 ft.,
Whyte !
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, Marungn, 4900 ft.,
olkens !
Also in South Africa and the Cape Verd Islands, Tie tropical specimens I have
seen being without fruit, I have described the follicles trom South Afr can
Specimens,
The plant enumerated as Gomphocarpus physocarpus by K. Schumann in Ann.
Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 37, collected in Somaliland by Riva (108, 109, 1557, 1601), is
probably a different species.
_ lV. A. pubiseta, V. £. Br. A branching shrub ; branches purplish,
minutely tomentose. Leaves ascending or spreading; petiole $—2 lin. long;
blade 23-6 in, long, 1-24 lin. broad, lineer, acute, mucronate, glabrous
on both sides or with the midrib puberulous beneath, and sometimes
Sparsely and minutely puberulous above. Umbels pedunculate, 9—«-
flowered, lateral at the nodes ; peduncles 4-1} in. long, puberulous ;
pedicels 4-1 in. long, puberulous. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, 4-1 lin. broad,
lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla about 1 in. in diam., rotate, 5-lobed
hearly to the base; lobes elliptic-lanceolate, acute, purplish outside,
pale greenish within. - Coronal-lobes arising much above the base of
the staminal-column and reaching to its top, complicate, oblong in side
view, truncate at the base and apex, with horizontally reflexed teeth from
the apices of the inflexed sides, half as long as the upper margin of
the lobe, no tooth within. Follicles 24-3 in. long, { 1D. thick, ovoid-
330 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Asclepias.
lanceolate, attenuate into a beak, setose, pubescent or subtomentose
all over, including the sete, with spreading white hairs, at least when
young.—Gomphocarpus purpurascens, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 38,
t. 69; K.Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236. G. fruti-
cosus, var. purpureus, Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 129; Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 341; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz.
1892, 349.
Wile Land. Eritrea: among Olive bushes from Geleb to Bambit Valley and
on Lalamba Mountain, near Keren, ex Penzig. Abyssinia: Chelicut, Petit (ex
Richard); Tigre; between Mai Gouagoua and Debradina, Dillon § Petit, 24! Shireh
Province, Dillon & Petit! Samen; near Jaja, Schimper, 1854 (ex Engler), Wadela
district, Steudner, 758, 759 (ex Engler), and without precise locality, Schimper, 79!
This is a somewhat imperfectly known species, of which I have not seen flowers
and have compiled my account of them from Richard’s description and figure.
German authors have placed it under A. fruticosa, Linn., from which it is certainly
very distinct and more nearly resembles 4. flavida, N. E. Br., from which the very
hairy bristles on the fruit will at once distinguish it. There is already an 4.
purpurascens, Linn,
18. A. fruticosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 216. A shrub 3-10 ft.
high ; branches erect, pubescent or puberulous. Leaves more or less
ascending ; petiole 2—4 lin. long; blade 2-6 in. long, 2-9 lin. broad,
linear to linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, mucronate, or rarely
aristate, cuneate-acute at the base, narrowly revolute along the margins,
glabrous or puberulous, especially on the midrib beneath. Umbels
pedunculate, lateral at the nodes and terminal, 6-10-flowered ; pedun-
cles }-1} in. long, pubescent ; bracts 3—4 lin. long, linear, acuminate,
deciduous ; pedicels 4—3 in, long, pubescent. Sepals 3 lin. long, lanceo-
late, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, white;
lobes reflexed, 4 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous
on both sides, usually ciliate along one margin, but sometimes without
cilia. Coronal-lobes arising about } lin. above the base of the 2 lin.
long staminal-column, and reaching ‘to its summit, erect, complicate-
cucullate, with the apical angles of the inflexed sides produced into
recurving teeth, that rise considerably above the general level of the rest
of the lobe and have their tips incurved towards each other; margins of
the inflexed sides narrowly winged outside; no tooth or horn within.
Follicles 2-3 in, long, ovate, attenuate into a beak, setose and minutely
tomentose, but the sete nearly or quite glabrous.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pi.
Welw. 1. 685; 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 255. Gomphocarpus frutico-
sus, R, Br.in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 38; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 557 ; Bot.
Mag. t. 16282; Reichb. f. Fl. Germ. xvii. 18, t. 1071 (very bad); B-
Schum. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 122, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.
322; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236 ; in Engl. Jahrb. xxvill.
456, and xxx. 382; Schweinfurth in Hohnel, Rudolf-See und Steph-
anie-See, Sonderabdr. 8; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 148. @. cornu
tus, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 sér. ix. 324, and in DC. Prod. viii. 557.
Asclepias crassifolia, Linn. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 572.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes; banks of the Rivers Bero and Giraul,
Welwitsch, 4164! 4165! waste places of Bon Vista, Gossweiler, 87!
°
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 331
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Zambesi Delta: Kongoni River,
Kirk! Luabo River, Kirk! Lower Shire Valley, Meller! Rhodesia ; by the
Shangani River, Rand, 191 (ex S. Moore) ; on the sundy bed of the Shasha River,
Baines! Bechuanaland: Kalahari Desert, Farini !
Also in North and South Africa, the Mascarene Isles, Madeira, Canaries, Arabia
and South Europe, perhaps introduced in some of the localities.
19. A. rostrata, V. Z. Br. A bush about 3-5 ft. high; young
parts of the stem and branches white-tomentose, at length becoming
glabrous. Leaves ascending or somewhat spreading; petiole 2-4
lin. long; blade 13-4 in. long, 2-45 lin. broad, linear or linear-
lanceolate, acute or very acute at both ends, minutely puberulous on
both sides, becoming nearly or quite glabrous, flat, or the margins
very narrowly recurved. Umbels lateral at the nodes, pedunculate,
5-8-flowered; peduncle }-1 in. long, more or less white-tomentose ;
bracts very caducous, 2 lin. long, subulate or linear-lanceolate, acute,
tomentose; pedicels 41-7 lin, long, tomentose. Sepals 1} lin. long,
4-3 lin. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
tomentose. Corolla 5-lobed almost to the base, greenish-white ;
lobes 2? lin. long, 13-2 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, minutely notched
at the obtuse apex, ciliate along one margin, elsewhere glabrous.
Coronal-lobes arising } lin. above the base of the staminal-column and
reaching to the top of it, 14-13 lin. long, erect, complicate, laterally
compressed, subrectangular in side view, apical margin slightly
rounded; inflexed sides with a reflexed falcate tooth at their apex,
nearly as long as the breadth of the lobe, and slightly rising above its
apical margin; no tooth or crest within the lobe. Staminal-column
2 lin. long; anther-appendages ovate, obtuse, thin, tips just inflexed
over the margin of the flattish, crenately-pentagonal apex of the style.
Pollen-carriers seated under the rim of the truncate apex of the style.
Follicles obliquely ovoid-inflated at the base, produced into a stout
subulate beak 1-11 in. long, white-tomentose when quite young, soon
becoming nearly glabrous, quite smooth, without any bristles.
_ Lower Guinea. Angola: Amboella ; between the River Kubango and the
River Kuito, Baum, 500!
Mozamb. Dist. Ngamiland; Lake Ngami, only growing on the dry shore of
the lake or river, Lugard, 22! Okavango Valley, 3000 tt., Lugard, 231!
This species has been distributed from Berlin as 4. fruticosa, Linn., from
which the smooth long-beaked fruit at once distinguishes it. It is remarkable for the
manner in which the rim of the flat or slightly concave apex of the style projects
ver and partly conceals the pollen-carriers.
20. A, flavida, V. 4. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1899, 259. A woody
much-branched shrub, 3—-44ft. high; branches divergent, white-tomen-
se. Leaves opposite, spreading, 14-3 in. long, 1-3 lin. broad, sub-
Sessile or with petioles 4-1 lin. long, linear, acute, tapering at the
base, revolute along the margins, glabrous, with the midrib adpressed
pubescent beneath. Umbels several, lateral at the nodes along the
upper part of the branches, pedunculate, 4-5-flowered ; peduncles and
332 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Asclepias.
pedicels 7-11 lin. long, white-tomentose. Sepals 14—2 lin. long, narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate, white-tomentose. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the
base, reflexed, yellow in the dried state ; lobes about 4 lin. long and 2}
lin. broad, elliptic-cvate, acute, glabrous on both sides, ciliate along one
margin. Coronal-lobes arising about 2 lin. above the base ot the
staminal-column and reaching to its summit, apparently dull purple,
2 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, complicate-cucullate, subquadrate, with the
dorsal margin shorter than the inner margins in side view, so that the
real apex of the lobe does not rise so high as its inflexed sides, the
apical angles of the inflexed sides produced into abruptly reflexed falcate
teeth rising a little above the apical margin of the lobe, no tooth or
horn within the lobe. Staminal-column 24 lin. long; anther-append-
ages roundish-ovate, very obtuse, inflexed over the truncate apex of the
style. Follicles (immature) ellipsoidal with a short beak, scmewhat
sparsely bristly, glabrous or nearly so.—K. Schum. in Ann, Istit. Bot.
Roma, vii. 37.
Wile Land. Nubia: coast region, Bent! Somaliland : Golis Range: Darra,
Surry, Mrs, Lort-Phillips ! Miss Edith Cole !
‘The plant collected in Somaliland, on the Ogaden Steppe, Keller, 100, may also
belong to th's species, but I have seen only a fruitmy specimen. Probably some of
the specimens referred to Gomphocarpus fruticosus, RK. Br., var. tomentosa, by K.
“see in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 322, and in Ann, Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 37 belong
ere.
21. A. Phillipsiz, V. 2. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 219. A.
woody, branching shrub. Branches ascending, rather densely pubes-
cent or subtomentose with minute white curved hairs. Leaves ascend-
ing, subsessile or with very short petioles, 1}-34 in. long, 3-1 lin.
broad, linear, acute, mucronate, with very revolute margins, which are
often rolled back at the midrib, sparsely and minutely pubescent when
young, soon becoming glabrous. Umbels several, lateral at the nodes
along the upper part of the branches, pedunculate, 3—6-flowered ;
peduncles 4-3 in. long, puberulous; bracts caducous, 2$-3$ lin. long,
linear or subulate, acute, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous ;
pedicels 44-8 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals about 14 lin. long, linear,
acute, puberulous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 24-23 lin.
long, 1? lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, subacute, reflexed, glabrous on both
sides or puberulous towards the base within, ciliate along one margin.
Coronal-lobes arising 4-1 lin. above the base of the staminal-column
and reaching to its top, 1-1} lin. long, 3-1} lin. broad, complicate-
cucullate, subquadrate in side view, with a rather broad falcate
tuoth, denticulate along its upper margin, reflexed from the apical
angles of the inflexed sides and contained within the cavity, n0 median
tooth within. Staminal-column 14-2 lin. long; anther-appendages
short, transversely oblong or subreniform, obtuse, denticulate, inflex ed
over the truncate apex of the style. Follicles about 2 in. long, 4-} ip.
thick in the basal part, lanceolate, tapering into a beak, setose, ve
minutely and rather sparsely pubescent all over or the bristles glab-
rous. Seeds 2 lin. long, 1-1} lin. broad, ovate, concave on one side,
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 333
very convex on the other, reticulate-rugulose, blackish.—K. Schum. in
Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 37. A. fruticosa, var. angustissima,
Schlechter in Journ, Bot. 1895, 335. Gomphocarpus fruticosus, R. Br.
var. angustissimus, Wngl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 341, partly; K.
Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 37% G. fruticosus, R. Br., var.
purpureus, Martelli, Fl. Bogos. 53, not of Schweinfurth.
Nile Land. Eritrea: Keren, 4500 tt., Beccari, 186! Steudner, 747! Soma-
jiland : near Coromme, Rivz, 669 (ex Schumann), and without precise locality, Mrs.
Lort-Phillips / Uginda: Mau; on dry rocks by a river, 6000-8000 ft., Scott-
Elliot, 6794! Ruwenzori ; in dry sunny places, 6000-7000 ft., Scott-Hiliot, 7667 !
Mozamb., Dist. German East Africa: Usambara, Buchwald, 177! and 548!
These probably belong here, but are without flowers.
This species is nearly allied to 4. setosa, Forsk., a native of Arabia, from which
it differs in its more slender habit and subqnadrate (not oblong) coronal-lobes.
Probably Gomphocarpus setosus, A. Rich. Tent. Fl, Abyss. ii. 37 (not of other
authors), mzy belong here.
22. A. abyssinica, V. H. Br. Stems 3-4 ft. high, apparently
annual from a perennial woody rootstock, quite simple, rather stout,
minutely puberulous. Leaves in whorls of three, or opposite in the
upper part ; petiole 1-4 lin, long ; blade 35—5} in. long, 2-4} lin. broad,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneately narrowed into the petiole at the
base, margins revolute, glabrous on both sides or with the midrib puberu-
lous beneath. Umbels pedunculate, lateral at the nodes along the
upper part of the stem, 6—9-flowered; peduncles $~1 in. long, pedicels
9-10 lin. long, all puberulous or minutely tomentose. Sepals 2—2 lin.
long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla somewhat
reflexed ; lobes about 34 lin. long, 24 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, acute,
glabrous on both sides, ciliate along one margin. Coronal-lobes arising
about, 2 lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching
its top, 14 lin. long, complicate-cucullate, ovate-oblong in side view,
rounded oa the back, subtruncate or truncate at the top, which is notched
1n front of the teeth reflexed from the apical angles of the inflexed sides ;
teeth very minutely erose-denticulate along the upper margin and
sometimes entirely included within the cavity, or rising slightly above
the top of the lobe, no median tooth or crest within. Staminal-
column 2-21 lin. long; anther-appendages semicircular, inflexed over
the truncate apex of the style. Follicles 24-2? in. long, 7-9 lin. thick,
ovoid-lanceolate, acuminate into a beak, setose, minutely tomentose, with
puberulous sete when young, puberulent or nearly glabrous when ripe.
Ipe seeds not seen but apparently serobiculate or minutely tuberculate.
—Gomphocarpus abyssinicus, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101; Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii, 557; A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss. ii. 38; K. Schum. in Engl.
« Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236. G. verticillatus, Turez. in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mose, 1848, xxi. i. 258. G. fruticosus, var., Vatke in Oecst. Bot.
Zeitschr, 1876, 146.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre ; Mount Sellenda (Sholoda), near Adowa,
Quartin Dillon (ex Richard); near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 1674! and without
precise locality, Schimper, 503! Dillon & Petit, 26 (427) !
334 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE& (BROWN). [ Asclepias.
Engler in his Hochgebigstloia Trop. Afr. 341 has united this plant with 4.
Sruticosa, l., from which it differs in its unbranched habit, whorled leaves and
very different coronal-lobes. From A. Phillipsie it is distinguished by its broader
leaves, stouter, unbranched stems and different coronal-lobes.
23. A. albida, V. LH. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 254. Stems
erect, pubescent, 2—3 ft. or more high. Leaves opposite, ascending-
spreading ; petiole 3-1 lin. long; blade 4—6 in. long, 1-24 lin. broad,
linear, acuminate, cuneate at the base, revolute at the margins, nearly
glabrous, with a few hairs on the midrib beneath. Umbels lateral
between the bases of the leaves, pedunculate, 4—10-flowered ; peduncles
7-1} in. long, pubescent; bracts 3-4 lin. long, linear-subulate,
deciduous; pedicels #-1 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes 3-3}
lin, long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla rotate; lobes
reflexed, } in. long, 33-4 lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse, ciliate along one
margin, glabrous outside, very minutely puberulous within, apparently
white. Coronal-lobes arising about 4 lin. above the base of the
staminal-column, and overtopping it by half their length, erect,
3 lin. long, complicate-cucullate, with the apical angles of the inflexed
sides produced into a reflexed falcate tooth or lobe, that rises above and
is partly embraced by the sides of the truncate apex, no tooth within
the lobe, which is narrowly winged outside near the margins and
gibbous on each side at the base. Follicles 2} in. long, 7-8 lin. thick,
lanceolate, acuminate, setose and pubescent. :
Nile Land. Eritrea: Saganeiti, north side towards Selet, 6500-7200 ft.,
Schweinfurth & Riva, 993! Abyssinia, Schimper, 27!
24. A. integra, V. HL. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 219. A bush
4—5 ft. high, with erect branches, in the young state covered with
a white felted tomentum, branches at length white-pruinose, and
finally nearly or quite glabrous. Leaves erect or ascending, subsessile,
23-6 in. long, $-1 lin, broad, linear, margins revolute to the midrib,
mucronate-acute, at first white-woolly, then glabrous. Umbels
several, lateral at the nodes along the upper part of the branches
5-8-flowered ; peduncles 3—1 in. long ; pedicels 6—10 lin. long. Sepals
1-1} lin. long, $—} lin. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute. Corolla
d-lobed nearly to the base, probably yellowish-white or greenish-
white, white-tomentose outside, glabrous within; lobes reflexed, 3-?
lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, subacute. Coronal-lobes
arising close to (or up to 4 lin. above) the base of the staminal-
column, and overtopping it by half their length, erect, 2-3 lin. long,
1}-—2 lin. broad, complicate-cucullate, obliquely ovate or obliquely ovate-
oblong in side view, inner margins entire, obliquely rounded or slightly
angular at about the middle, but with no distinct tooth, and 2°
median tooth within, apparently ochreous. Follicles about 1? lin. long,
inflated-ovoid at the base, contracted or narrowed into a beak, white-
tomentose when young, pruinose or almost glabrous when mature.
Seeds ovate, concave on one face, very convex on the other, rugose-
—K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 37. Gomphocarps
Aselepias. } LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 335
stenophylla, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot, ii. 842, not of ser. i.
ax, 110.
Nile Land. Somaliland; Adda Gallah, James & Thrupp! Golis Range,
Mrs, Lort-Phillips ! Hammar, Miss Cole !
Mozamb. Dist. Kilimanjaro, Smith! Volkens, 567! Lanjora, 2000 ft.,
Johnston !
25, A. Prederici, Wiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 684 A shrub
3-5 ft. high, branched ; branchlets white-tomentose. Leaves very nume-
Tous ascending or somewhat spreading, 2-44 in. long, 1-24 lin. broad,
linear, acute or subobtuse, narrowed at the base into a petiole, 1-2
lin. long at the base, revolute along the margins, puberulous or
nearly glabrous above, more or less white-pubescent beneath, Umbels
numerous, lateral at the nodes, pedunculate, 5—6-flowered ; peduncles
subequal, $—1 in. long, white-tomentose; bracts very deciduous, 2~2}
lin. long, linear, acute; pedicels $—} in. long, tomentose. Sepals
2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla lobed nearly to
the base, minutely white-pubescent outside, glabrous within, probably
reflexed when fully expanded ; lobes 34-4 lin. long, 2-2} lin. broad,
elliptic-ovate, obtusely pointed. Coronal-lobes arising } lin. above the
base of the staminal-column and reaching its top, 13-17 lin. long,
1} lin. broad across the side, D-shaped viewed sideways, with the
Inflexed sides rectangularly acute or subacute at their apices, but
hever produced into distinct teeth. Follicles 1}-2 in. long, 1{ in.
In diam., oblong-globose, inflated, very obtuse, beset with bristle-like
Processes, pubescent all over, “sulphur-yellow spotted with purple,
bristles ‘ violet-purple ” (Welwitsch).
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo ; on the rocks of the Presidium
and higher rocky parts of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 4160! 4161! 4162! on the
rocks of Pedra de Cabondo, 3500 ft., Welwitsch, 4163! Huilla; in the rocky
thickets of Lopollo, Welwitsch, 4166!
According to Welwitsch the flowers ure sulphur-yellow, greenish-yellow, or
whitish-yellow. The coronal-lobes are described by Hiern as “ u-ually with an erect
short lobule or tooth at the apex of each or one inner side.” I can find no structure
of this kind in the specimens above quoted; where the straight inner margin and
curved top margin of the lobe meet, they form a somewhat acute angle, nearly a
tight-angle, but there isno tooth such as is found 1m the allied species. This species
is not easy to discriminate from A. Burchellii, Schlechter, except when in fruit.
26. A. Burchellii, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 336, Stems
3-4 ft. high, branched ; branches white-tomentose, Leaves very numer-
ous, erect or ascending, 14-4 in. long, }-2 lin. broad, linear, acute,
narrowed at the base into a petiole 1-2} lin. long, revolute along the
Margins, softly puberulous, becoming glabrous above, pubescence
whiter beneath. Umbels numerous, lateral at the nodes, pedunculate,
: 7-flowered ; peduncles subequal, $-1 in. long, hemes come aril
Facts 2-5 lin. long, deciduous, linear, acute ; pedicels $—1 in. long,
white-tomentose. Sepals 13-2 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute,
reflexed, white-tomentose on the back. Corolla lobed nearly the
e, minutely white-tomentose outside, reflexed, white; lobes 32 lin.
336 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Asclepias.
long, 2-24 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, obtusely pointed. Coronal-lobes
arising $ lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching to
its top 14-12 lin. long, 14-1} lin. broad across the side, D-shaped,
viewed sideways, with the inflexed sides rectangularly acute at their
tips, but never produced into distinct teeth. Follicles 24-24 in. long,
fin. in diam., ovoid-lanceolate, gradually tapering into a beak beset
with very numerous bristle-like processes, white-pubescent or sub-
tomentose all over. Seeds about 24 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, oblong-
ovate, very convex on one side, flat with a raised margin on the other,
minutely tuberculate or scrobiculate.—-Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896,
452. Gomphocarpus tomentosus, Burch. Trav. i. 543. G@. lanatus, E.
Meyer, Comm. 202; DC. Prod. viii. 558.
Lower Guinea. (German South-west Africa: Amboland; Olukonda, Schinz,
17! 27! Rautanen, 84!
Also in South Africa.
The plant referred to Gomphocarpus tomentosus, Burch., by K. Schumann in
Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 128, may belong here or to some other species. It
was collected by De Beerst from a plant cultivated at Mpala, originally brought
from Kibanga in the Congo Free State. The specimens alluded to by K. Schumann
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322 under G@. Sruticosus, var. tomentosus, judging from the
synonymy quoted, appear to belong partly to A. lewcocarpa, Schlechter, partly to 4.
Phillipsie, N. K. Br. and probably partly to A. flavida, N.E. Br., or A. pubiseta,
Neh, Br:
27. A. filiformis, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 753, in a note under
Schizoglossum. Stems 3-6 ft. high, slender, about 4 Jin. thick in the
flowering part, simple, very rarely branched in the upper part, glabrous,
covered with a thin white waxy secretion. Leaves 2-4 in. long, linear
or almost filiform, with strongly revolute margins, glabrous. Umbels
lateral and terminal, 6—10-flowered ; peduncles 4-1 in. long; pedicels
4—6 lin. long, minutely white-tomentose at first, becoming more or less
glabrescent. Sepals 1-1] lin. long, ovate or lanceolate, acute, white-
tomentose. Corolla reflexed, sulphur-yellow; lobes 2-2} lin. long, 1}
lin. broad, ovate, acute, puberulous on the back. Coronal-lobes arising
4-} lin. above base of staminal-column and slightly exceeding it, 1} iin.
long, erect, complicate, subtruncate or obliquely truncate, with the
ovate obtuse apex and marginal angles slightly produced, with
a slightly exserted horn within. Follicles solitary, 1-1} in. long,
23-3 lin. thiek, lanceolate, acuminate from the middle into a long beak,
pulverulent, at length glabrate. Sceds 21-3 lin. long, ovate, plano
convex, smooth, brown, with a narrow darker brown margin. —Schinz
in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg, xxx. 262 under A. buchenavian4
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 238. Lagarinthus
Jiliformis, E. Meyer, Comm. 203. Gomphocarpus filiformis, D. Diett-
Synop. Pl. ii. 900; Deene. in DC. Prod. viii. 558.
Lower Guinea. Hereroland, ex Schinz.
Not uncommon in Extratropical South Africa. :
Var, buchenaviana, N. KE. Br. Stems stouter, about 3 lin. thick in the flowering
part, much branched, usually rather densely covered with a white waxy eer
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEH (BROWN). 337
tion, but sometimes without. Coronal-lobes oblique at the top with the internal
horn adnate to the face of the lobe to nearly twice the extent it is in the type.
Follicles and seeds as in the type.—Asclepias buchenaviana, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot.
Ver. Brandenburg, xxx. 261 ; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 148; K. Schum. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam., iv. ii. 238.
Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hereroland; Namib, Schinz,
18! 20! Stapff, Liideritz (ex Schinz); Wit Port, between Garieb and Ussab
Ausspann, Giirich, 14 (ex Engler).
Of the typical A. filiformis I have seen no tropical specimens, but it is mentioned
by Schinz as occurring in Hereroland. It would seem likely to be useful as a
fibre-plant, as Mrs. Barber states on a note sent with some South African specimens
“This species ought to be useful as a fibre-plant, it is exceedingly tough, grows 4-6
ft. high, and his upwards of two hundred almost leafless slender stems on a single
plant.”
The variety buchenaviana seems only to differ in its stouter, branched stems, as
I doubt if the coronal characters are constant, since there are specimens at Kew
collected in Great Namaqualand by Schinz (19), that have the stout branched stems
of this variety, but with coronal-lobes as in the type.
28. A. tenuifolia, V. #. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 255. Stems
2 ft. or more high, slender, branched, woody below, pubescent. Leaves
1-2} in. long, erect, filiform, acute, with strongly revolute margins,
pubescent. Umbels lateral and terminal, 3—5-flowered ; peduncles 4—6
lin. long, pubescent ; pedicels 4—5 lin. long, slender, pubescent. Sepals
1-1} lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla rotate or
rotate-campanulate (? reflexed); lobes 2-2} lin. long, 1} lin. broad,
elliptic, subobtuse, narrowed towards the base, pubescent on the back.
Coronal-lobes arising 4-2 of a lin. above the base of the staminal-
column and equalling it in length, erect, 1 lin. long, complicate, nearly
semicircular in side view, truncate, margins at the apex produced
over the tips of the anthers into short acute teeth, no tooth or
horn within. Follicles solitary, nodding or horizontally spreading,
1-1} in. long, 3-4 lin. thick at the ovoid base, tapering into a long
slender beak, softly pubescent with fine spreading hairs. Seeds 2 lin.
long, turgid-convex on the back, grooved down the face, scrobiculate,
nely pulverulent pale brown.
Mozamb. Dist. Rhodesia: Lee’s Farm, Mangwe River, Baines /
Much like 4. filiformis, Benth, und Hook. f., in appearance, but more branched
pubescent, and with a different corona. The flowers appear to be pale yellowish or
Whitish with a yellow corona.
29. A. leucocarpa, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 335. Stems
4-5 ft. high, sparingly branched, white-tomentose in the upper part.
Leaves opposite, ascending, subsessile, 4-6 in. long, }-1 lin. broad,
linear, acute, revolute along the margins, glabrous or the youngest
puberulous. Umbels lateral between the bases of the leaves, pedun-
culate, simple or the same peduncle bearing two umbels with an interval
of about + an in. between them, several-flowered ; peduncle }-2 in.
ong, minutely puberulous ; pedicels #—1 in. long, minutely puberulous.
epals 1-11 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, ovate, acute or acuminate. Corolla
reflexed, 5-lobed nearly to the base, white or yellowish ; lobes 3 lin. long,
VOL. ry, Z
338 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Asclepias.
2 lin. broad, elliptic, ovate, obtusely pointed, glabrous, sparingly ciliate
along one margin, reflexed. Coronal-lobes arising } lin. above the base of
the staminal-zolumn, and equalling or very slightly overtopping it, 14-1}
lin. long, complicate, truncate or rounded at the top, with a minute
tooth at the apical angle of the inflexed sides, no median tooth within.
Follicles immature, about 2 in. long, and } in. thick near the base,
narrowly lanceolate, attenuate into a long heak, white-tomentose, and
having a few short stiff points or processes on the lower half.—Gom-
phocarpus stenophyllus, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 110, t. 119;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, PAlanzenfam. iv. ii. 236. -
Wile Land. Uganda: Mau ; by waterside, 6000-8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6882!
British East Africa: Kapte Plains, Lanjoro, Gregory, 30!
Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Kazeh (labora) district, Speke §
Grant !
30. A. amabilis, V. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin 1895, 70. Stems
16-18 in. high, rather slender, slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous.
Leaves erect, subsessile, 14-3 in. long, 4-1} lin. broad, linear, acute,
revolute (sometimes to the midrib) and minutely scabrous along the
margins. Umbels 2-3, lateral and terminal, pedunculate, 5—6-flowered ;
peduncles }—-2} in. long, puberulous down the inner side; bracts subu-
late, 2-3 lin. long; pedicels 8-12 lin. long, puberulous down the inner
side. Sepals 2-2} lin. long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute,
puberulous, ciliolate. Corolla 9-10 lin. in diam., rotate, 5-lobed nearly
to the base, white and glabrous within, light purple and sparsely
puberulous on the back; lobes 4-4} lin. long, 24 lin. broad, ovate,
acute. Coronal-lobes arising about 4 lin. above the base of the stam!-
nal-column and reaching to its top, erect, 1} lin. Jong, complicate-cucul-
late, subquadrate in side view, truncate at the base and apex, with the
apical angles of the inflexed sides produced into small erect obtuse
teeth, no tooth within ; alternating with them are 5 minute pocket-like
lobules under the anther-wings. Staminal-column 1} lin. longs
anther-appendages broadly-ovate, inflexed over the apex ot the style.—
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 425.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, South of Lake
Tanganyika, Carson, 35! 55!
31. A. longissima, V. Z. Br. Stem solitary, 24-3 ft. high, erect,
simple, 1-24 lin. thick at the base, slightly puberulous along one side.
Lower leaves 6-10 in. long, 2-5 lin. broad, linear, tapering into a very
acuminate point, narrowed at the base into a petiole 1-2 lin. long,
glabrous on both sides, slightly scaberulous along the narrowly revo-
lute margins; uppermost leaves very much reduced and not longer
than the peduncle of the same node. Umbels 6-7, pedunculate,
3-4-flowered, lateral at the upper nodes, where the leaves are redu
to filiform rudiments 1-3 in. long, so that the inflorescence becomes ad
3?)
. is «
nearly leafless panicle; peduncies }—3? in. long, puberulous ane vet
side; bracteoles 14-2 lin. long, linear-filiform ; pedicels ae eke fi
puberulous on one side. Sepals reflexed, 13-2 (2) ex A. eset
Aselepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEH (BROWN). 339
din. long, ? lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly channelled at the
apex, glabrous, very minutely ciliate. Corolla lobed nearly to the base,
entirely reflexed, very minutely downy outside, apparently dirty
“reenish-white, tinged with purple outside; lobes 5 lin. long, 3 lin.
broad, elliptic, minutely notched at the obtuse point. Coronal-lobes
arising $—} lin. above the base of the staminal-column and slightly
overtopping it, 2} (24 ex A’. Schumann) lin. long, 2 lin. broad across
the side, compressed-cucullate, subrectangular in side view, obliquely
rounded or subtruncate at the top, where the margins are thickened
and strongly papiliate and the dorsal apex is produced into a minute
incurved papillate tooth; no tooth or crest within the lobe; 5 minute
pouch-like lobules under the anther-wings alternating with the coronal-
lobes. Staminal-column about 3 lin. long, not broadened at the base
“of the oblong anthers; snther-appendages broadly ovate, acute,
‘contracted into a short stalk at the base, obscurely lacerate on the
margin, inflexed over the rim of the crater-like apex of the style,
under which the pollen-carriers are seated.—Gomphocarpus longissimus,
K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 382.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: region of Lake Nyasa, Goetze!
Portuguese or British East Africa : Tumbi, near Lake Nyasa, rare, Johnston, 357!
32. A. Nuttii, V. H. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 308. Stem
“pparently solitary, 1-14 ft. high, slender, simple, erect, glabrous.
Leaves erect, 14-2} in. long, 3-1 lin. broad, flat, linear, acute, tapering
to the base, glabrous on both sides with the margins minutely scabrous-
viliate. Umbel terminal, pedunculate, 8—10-flowered ; peduncle 13 in.
long; bracts 5-15 lin. long, linear or filiform, ciliolate ; pedicels 4-5
lin. long, minutely pubescent or subscaberulous. Sepals erect or
ascending, 2 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, lanceolate. acuminate, minutely
pubescent on the back. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed almost to the base ;
lobes about 4 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
subacute, glabrous and not ciliate, brownish or dull purplish outside,
with whitish margins, whitish within in the dried state. Coronal- lobes
arising at the base of the staminal-column and nearly reaching to the
top of it, 14 lin. long, erect, complicate-cucullate, truncate at the apex,
no tooth within or at the apex of the inflexed sides, apparently dark
yellow, all united together just below their middle by a connecting
membrane which forms 5 small pockets immediately under the anther-
Wings. Staminal-column 2 Jin. long; anther-appendages rounded or
transversely elliptic, inflexed upon the depressed apex of the style.
Mozamb. Dist. (erman East Africa : between Lake Tanganyika and Lake
Rukwa, about 6000 ft., Nutt !
33. A, sphacelata, V. 1. Br. Stem solitary, 4-8 in. high, simple,
puberulous. Leaves sessile, 4 in. long, $~1 lin. broad, linear,
attenuate-acuminate, acute at the base, scabrid above, puberulous
beneath. Umbels lateral and terminal, congested near the apex,
pedunculate, 3-5-flowered ; peduncle 4-~7 lin. long, puberulous ; pedi-
¢els 3-5 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals 1?-2 lin. long, subulate, puberu-
340 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE% (BROWN). | Asclepias.
lous. Corolla rotate, about 4 in. in diam.; lobes oblong, acute, puberu-
lous on the back near the apex, spotted with brown, whitish at the
tips. Coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, cucullate, truncate, glabrous and
without a process within. Staminal-column 1} lin. long.—Gompho-
carpus sphacelatus, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 233.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : near Beira, Braga, 38.
1 have not seen this plant.
34. A. coccinea, V./. Br. Plant 3-2 ft. high, stems simple or
slightly branched at the base, sparsely puberulous or with puberulous
lines. Leaves not numerous, ascending or incurved-spreading, subsessile
or with a petiole about I lin. long; blade 2-4 in. long, $-2 lin. broad,.
linear, acute, narrowed into the petiole at the base, glabrous, slightly
scaberulous on the margins. Umbels terminal, solitary, 5-10-flowered ;
peduncles 3-44 in. long, sparsely puberulous, or puberulous on one side;
pedicels 2-1 in. long, puberulous. Sepals 14-2 lin. long, ovate-lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate, puberulous, reflexed. Corolla blood-red,reflexed ;
lobes 3-34 lin. long, 14-2} lin. broad, ovate, acute, minutely puberulous.
on the back. Coronal-lobes arising about } lin. above the base of the
staminal-column and one-third longer than it, erect, 2-24 lin. long, com-
plicate, shortly clawed and subcordate at the base, truncate or slightly
oblique at the top in side view, with the apical angles of the inflexed
sides produced over the staminal-column into horizontal linear or linear-
subulate teeth 1 lin. long, and with or without a horn or tooth between
them on the face of the lobe, sometimes included, sometimes exserted.
Anther-appendages elliptic, obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style.
—Stathmostelma incarnatum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 130;
and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 240; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl.
Welw. i. 686; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 193.
_ ower Guinea. Angola; Huilla; at Mompulla Lake, Welwitsch, 4176*
Swamps along the Kuango River near Kitamba, Pogge, 381! 382, 608.
In some of Welwitsch’s specimens of this plant, the horn within the cucullate
part of the coronal-lobes is well developed, in others entirely absent, proving that this-
character is of no generic importance.
_ 35. A. macrantha, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101. Stem 9-18 ip.
high, simple, with two puberulous lines, or puberulous all round. Leaves:
petiole 1-3 lin. long; blade 3-10 in. long, 13-5 lin. broad, linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate, more or Jess puberulous on both sides, narrowly revolute
along the margins. Umbels lateral and terminal, corymbose at the top
of the stem, 3-6-flowered ; peduncles 34-11 in. long, puberulous or sub-
glabrous ; bracts 2-3 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels }-2# in. long, puberu-
lous, at least down one side. Sepals 24—3 lin. long, lanceolate, acute,
puberulous. Corolla 3-14 in. in diam., rotate or somewhat reflexed,
scarlet-red or yellow ; lobes 4—6 lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad, oblong or ovate:
oblong, acute, minutely puberulous on the back. Coronal-lobes arisiDg
1-1} lin. above the base of the staminal-column and overtopping it by
from {—4 of their length, yellow, 3-4 lin. long, erect, shortly stalke
and gibbous on each side at the base, complicate above, obtuse oF sub-
A sclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 341
truncate at the apex, which is slightly infolded at the middle in the
dried state; sides inflexed and produced over the staminal-column into
broad, ascending, falcate or falcate-oblong, obtuse, truncate, or acute
points rising much above the level of the apex of the lobe and de-
current on the basal part as 2 narrow wings, between them arises
a horn exserted and acute, or short, included and obtuse or truncate.
Anther-appendages broad, suborbicular, inflexed over the apex of the
style. Follicles solitary (always ?), 3-4 in. long, 4 in. thick, lanceolate,
acuminate, tapering to the base. Seeds 2} lin. long, 1} lin. broad,
ovate, with thick margins, minutely tuberculate on both sides, dark
brown.—Oliver in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxix. 111. Gomphocarpus peduncu-
latus, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 558; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 40;
&. longipes, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxix. 111, t.75; Engl. Hoch-
gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 342. Pachycarpus corniculatus, Hochst. in Flora,
1844, 101. Stathmostelma pedunculatum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
132, and xxviii. 456: in Eng]. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 822; and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pilanzenfam. iv. ii, 240, S. globulifiorum, K.Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-
Afr. C. 322.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: Sana district, near Gadding Gale, Schimper! banks
of the River Feurfeura (Ferfera), Quartin Dillon (ex Richard), Niamniam; by the
River Ibba, Schweinfurth, 3956! Uganda: Toro, Doggett! British East Africa:
Tita : Mwatate, 2000 ft., Johnston ! Nyika country, near Mombasa, Wakefield !
Ribe, Wakefield ! near Lamu and Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 1901! Rabai Hills, Taylor !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; near Kiyombe (Kigombe ?),
Volkens, 87! Tanga, Heinsen, 124! Duga, Holst, 3176! Kilimanjaro; below
Marangn, 3200 ft., Volkens, 2158! at 5000 ft., Johuston ! between Taveta and
Himo River, Meyer, 193 (ex Engler); Usagara: Mbumi, Speke & Grant!
Ukami, south Uluguru, 2900 ft., Goetze, 491 (ex Engler); Uhehe; Muhinde
Steppe, 4200 ft., Goetze (ex Engler); Unyamwezi; Walaj (Wala ?) River, Boehm, 90
{ex Engler).
, 30. A. Welwitschii, Britten d: Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2,
Wv. 28 in note. Stems 21-4 ft. high, simple or branched, with two
pubescent lines, or pubescent all round in the upper part, or glabrous.
Leaves 2-5 in. distant, incurved-erect or ascending, subsessile or with
petiole $2 lin, long ; blade 3-7 in. Jong, 1-4 lin. broad, linear, attenuate
to an acute point, cuneate or rather abruptly narrowed into the petiole
at the base, glabrous or scaberulous-pubescent above and on the margins
and midrib beneath, Umbels 2-5-fowered, pedunculate; peduncles
~3 in. long, mostly in pairs at the apex of the stem, one of the pair
(strictly the terminal part of the stem) often divided and bearing two
Umbels; peduncles sometimes below the terminal part of the stem,
laterally or at the forkings when branched ; bracts 13-2 lin. long, subu-
late, or minute; pedicels 3-1 in. long, pubescent down one side. Sepals
2 lin, long, 4} lin. broad, oblong, acute, puberulous. Corolla rotate
or somewhat reflexed 2); lobes 5-6 lin. long, 24 lin. broad, oblong-
elliptic, acute, glabrous, “intense orange” (Welwitsch). Coronal-lobes
Anising 4—? lin. above the base of the staminal-column and exceeding it
by about } of their length, 2}-24 lin. long, complicate-cucullate in the
° 3 .
apical part, having the inflexed sides produced over the tips of the
342 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEX® (BROWN). [ A selepias-
anthers into falcate acute upceurved teeth, and a short horn or tooth
on the face of the lobe between them, usually slightly exserted, the face
of the lobe in the lower part narrowly 2-winged, subcordate and shortly
clawed at the base.—Stathmostelma Welwitschii, Britten & Rendle in
Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 28; Hiern in Cat. Afr. P]. Welw. i. 687.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo: in elevated sandy thickets near
Petras de Guinga, very rare, Welwitsch, 4168! 41688; 70 miles from Ambriz,
Monteiro /
Similar to 4. macrantha in coronal structure, but the habit, and the colour of
the flowers are quite dist net.
37. A. laurentiana, V. /’. Br. Stem herbaceous, erect, sparsely
pubescent. Leaves sessile, up to 8} in. long and 10} lin. broad, lanceo-
late, attenuate at the base, with hairs on both sides, revolute and
scabrous along the margins. Umbels solitary or in pairs, terminal or
lateral, 6-flowered ; peduncles as much as 63 in. long, but always shorter
than the leaves from whose axils they arise; bracts 24 lin. long, lanceo-
late; pedicels 15-16 lin. long, slightly hairy. Sepals 3 lin. long, ovate,
acuminate, slightly hairy on the back. Corolla rotate; lobes 4 in. long,
$ in. broad, elliptic, glabrous, yellow. Coronal-lobes arising a little
above the base of the staminal-column, erect, 2-24 lin. long, complicate-
cucullate, with the inflexed sides produced into small erect teeth, not.
reaching to the same level as the rounded apex of the lobe, and with @
horn on the face within, arising a little below the middle of the lobe.
Staminal-column 2 lin. long.—Stathmostelma laurentiana, Dewevre ip
Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiv. 87.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Laurent.
T have not seen this species.
38. A. rhacodes, V. #. Br. Stem 1-2 ft. high, erect, simple,
rather slender, with a puberulous line down one side alternating at
the nodes. Leaves somewhat ascending ; petiole 1—2 lin. long; blade
3-4 in. long, 14-2 lin. broad, linear; gradually tapering to an acute
apex, cuneately acute at the base, glabrous, with scaberulous margins
and midrib. Umbels few (1-3), lateral and terminal, pedunculate,
2-4-flowered ; peduncles #-1h in. long, puberulous along one side ;
bracts 14-2 lin. long, linear or subulate, acute, very deciduous ; pedi-
cels {—-1 in. long, puberulous. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, 1 lin. broad,
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, puberulous or glabrous on the back.
Corolla about 1 in. in diam., rotate (or somewhat reflexed 2), very
deeply 5-lobed; lobes 54-6} lin. long, 21-24 lin. broad, oblong-
lanceolate, subacute, glabrous on both sides, scarlet on the inner face,
greenish, tinted with red and becoming yellow at the edges on the
back. Coronal-lobes bright orange, arising 1-1} lin. above the —
of the staminal-column and exceeding it by half their length, 3h-43
lin. long, incurved-erect, narrowly complicate with ascending or sub-
erect, falcate-ovate, acute, inflexed sides which much overtop the very
obtuse apex, an upeurved subulate horn between them at the apex
of the lobe. Staminal-column 24-31 lin. long; anther-appendages
Asclepias. | LXXXY. ASCL'PIADE (BROWN). 343
orbicular, very obtuse, their tips inflexed over the top of the style.—
Stathmostelma rhacodes, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 131, t. 6,
fig. D-F, in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 322, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 240. 8. pedunculatum, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 334,
not of K. Schum.
Nile Land. Uginda: Buddu; Buganga, Scott-Elliot, 7463! Kavironda ;.
between Nandi and Mumias, 4400-6000 tt., Whyte ! between Mum‘as and Lubwas,
4000-4500 ft., Whyte! de-cending the Mau Plateau towards Nandi, Whyte! and
without precise locality, Wilson, 73! British East Africa: Athi Plains, 5000—
6000 tt., Sco//-Elliot, 6499!
Mozamb. Dist. Ge:man East Africa : Ukiri; on the east shire of Lake
Victoria, Fischer, 395 (ex Schumann).
39. A. propingua, V. “. Br. in Kew Builetin, 1895, 254. Stem
pubescent with minute curved hairs. Leaves sessile, 3-11 in. long,
3-1 lin, broad, linear or linear-filiform, with revolute margins, pubes-
cent or subtomentose. Umbels terminal, 3-1-flowered ; peduncles
1-1? in. long; bracts more or less minute; pedicels 3-1 in. long,
minutely pubescent. Sepals 2$—3 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent.
Corolla about 1 in. in diam., rotate, 5-lobed almost to the base, glabrous,
apparently yellowish-green; lobes 5 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, ovate-
oblong, subobtuse. Coronal-lobes arising $ lin. above the base of the
Staminal-column and nearly twice as long, erect, 3-3) lin. long, com-
plicate, very obtusely rounded at the apex, with the inflexed sides above
their middle produced into faleate upcurved teeth, with a third oblong
obtuse tooth between them on the face of the lobe. Staminal-columu
2-21 lin. long ; anther-appendages ovate.
Mozamb. Dist. (ermiun East Africa: Kilamanjaro, Smith !
Only one specimen seen, which is about 7 in. high. In the structure of the
Corona it is very like A. macrantha, Hochst., but in the appearance of the plan.
and in the much narrower pubescent leaves it seems quite distinct, also the filament
part of the staminal-column is only about half as long as it is in 4. macrantha.
40. A. angustata, V. #. Br. Plant 4-8 in. high stems sparingly
branched at the base, glabrous with two pubescent lines Leaves 4—5
pairs to a stem, ascending, 2-4 in. long, 14~3 lin. broad, linear or
linear-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, narrowed at the base into
% 1-2 lin. long petiole, flat or revolute along the margins, glabrous or
Very slightly scaberulous on the midrib. Umbel solitary or rarely 2 to
4 stem, terminal; peduncle ?-1 in. long, 25-2 in. long in fruit, puberu-
lous on one side; bracts deciduous or none?; pedicels 8-16 lin. long,
13-13 in. long in fruit, puberulous. Sepals 4 fin. long, 2 lin. broad,
ovate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes
4 in. long, } in. broad, ovate-oblong, acute. Coronal-lobes arising from
the very base of the staminal-column, suberect, 4 lin. long, twice as
ong as the staminal-column, complicate, oblong, acute, with a broad
deltoid acute tooth on the inflexed sides } below the apex, papillate but
Scarcely puberulous within and on the edges below the teeth, no median
tooth within and no ponckes outside. Follicles 44-5} in. long, about
344 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Asclepias.
5 lin, thick, lanceolate, tapering to a beak at the apex and to a 11-1}
in. long stipe at the base. Seeds flat, 2 lin. long, 1} lin. broad, ovate,
wrinkled on both sides, margins thickened, brown.—Stathmostelma
angustatum, K, Schum. in Engl. Jahrb, xvii. 132.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: Sana; in swampy places on Walcha mountain plain,
Schimper, 1589!
41. A. muhindensis, V. 7. Br. Stems erect or ascending, 7-10
in. high, slender, 14-2 lin. in diam. at the thickest part, puberulous
down one side in the upper part. Leaves sessile, }-3} in. long, }-2
lin. broad, narrowly linear, acuminate, narrowed at the base, glabrous
on both sides. Umbels from one axil (?sublateral), 2—4-flowered ;
peduncles unequal, {-2} in. long, puberulous down one side ; pedicels
4-$ in. long, puberulous down one side. Sepals 3 lin. long, > lin.
broad, lanceolate-subulate, pubescent, green, tipped with violet.
Corolla 5-lobed to 24-33 lin. above the base, white outside, speckled
with violet within; lobes 3-4 lin. long, oblong, acute, glabrous.
Coronal-iobes arising about } lin. above the base of the staminal-
column, 2} lin. long, linear-elliptic in outline, shortly 3-lobed at the
apex, margin incurved (i.e. complicate), puberulous at the middle
within, and externally with a small pouch on each side at the middle.
Staminal-column 2} lin. long ; anthers described as follows: “ Stamt-
nibus lateralibus curvatis et valde induratis, connectivo maximo
inflexo et crispato in sinus stigmatis capitis valde dissectis immersls,
which I take to mean that the anthers have very horny curved
sides (anther-wings) and very large inflexed and crisped appendages,
sunk in the sinuses of the much divided apex of the style.—Stath-
mostelma bicolor, K. Schum. in Evgl. Jahrb. xxviii. 457.
Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Uhehe; on the Muhinde Steppe,
400 ft., Goetze, 523.
Said to re-emble _4. angustata, N. KB. Br., but differing in its much narrower
sepals. The arrangement of the umbels is not stated, but I assume they are
arranged in a subcorymbose manner.
12. A. reflexa, Britten & Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv.
28, in note. Plant 1-2 ft. high. Stems glabrous, with two usually
sparsely pubescent lines. Leaves in 3-6 moderately distant pairs,
s mewhat spreading ; petiole 1-3 lin. long ; blade 2-6 in. long, 7-4 /in.
broad, linear or lanceolate-linear, acuminate or acute, acute or rounded
into the petiole at the base, with narrowly revolute scaberulous margiDs,
glabrous or occasionally with a sparse minute pubescence on both sides.
Umbels usually two, on long peduncles at the apex of the stem, which
is usually destitute of leaves in the upper part umbel solitary in weak
plants or in strong plants dichotomously divided, producing @ third
umbel, 4—0-flowered ; peduncles 3-103 in. long, pubescent down one
side ; bracts none or minute ; pedicels }-1}in. long, pubescent. Sepals
2 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent, reflexed. Corolla 5-lobed
nearly to the base ; lobes 3-4 lin. long, 14-1? lin. broad, ovate-oblong,
obtuse, reflexed, with revolute margins, glabrous, red or purplish.
A sclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE# (BROWN). 345
Coronal-lobes arising } lin. above the base of the staminal-column ard
twice as long, bright or dark orange, erect, 4-4} lin. long, linear-
oblong or linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, channelled down the face,
with a deltoid-subulate tooth 1 lin. long at the middle of each margin,
horizontally extended over the top of the staminal-column, and with or
without a median tooth on the inner face of the lobe; anther-appendages
large, ovate or orbicular, acute or obtuse, inflexed over the top of the
style. Follicles 3-34 in. long, 4-5 lin. thick, lanceolate, tapering into
a beak.—Gomphocarpus pauciflorus, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb.
Bot. 276. Stathmostelma pauciflorum, K.Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
132; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 240; Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 333. S. reflexum,
Britten & Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, iv. 27, t. 6, figs. 4-6.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Rios de Sena, Peters ! Zambesi
Delta, Kirk, 16! Lower Zambesi, above Expedition Island, Kirk, 147! British
Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Chikala
and Zomba, Purves, 34! Mount Zomba, 2500-5000 ft., Meller / Whyte ! Mago-
mero, Meller! Elephant Marsh, Scott! Shire Highlands, Scott-Elliot, 8509 !
8567! = Buchanan, 319! Manganja Hills, Waller! Namasi, Cameron, 2!
Rhodesia ; north of Umtali, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 160!
_ 43. A. aurea, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896, 490. Piant 9-15 in.
high, Stem erect, simple or occasionally branched at the base, with
internodes 3—1} in. long, slender, puberulous along two lines alternating
at the nodes. Leaves 14-3} in. long, } lin. broad, linear-filiform,
glabrous. Umbels on large peduncles, lateral at the nodes, 3—7-
flowered ; peduncles 23-5} in. long, with a puberulous line down one
‘side, slender ; bracts 1-14 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels 3—6 lin. long,
slightly puberulous. Sepals 1-1} lin. long, about 1 lin. broad, lanceo-
late, acuminate, pubescent on the back. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the
base, reddish- or purplish-brown, thinly pubescent on the outside ; lobes
Spreading, 11—2 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, ovate, notched at the obtusely
pointed apex, very minutely ciliate along one margin. Coronal-lobes
awising at the base of the staminal-column and twice as long as it,
bright orange-yellow, compressed-cucullate at the base, produced at the
apex into a long channelled spreading or somewhat recurved point, the
cucullate part }—3 lin. long, subtruncate with recurved margins at the
top, produced at the inner apical angles into short erect obtuse teeth
and reaching to about the same level as the staminal-column ;
‘channelled point about 1 lin. long. Staminal-column 3-1 lin. long, of
equal diameter at base and apex; anthers subquadrate, with short
broadly-rounded membranous appendages inflexed over the margin of
the truncate apex of the style.—A. aurea, Schlechter, and var. brevt-
cuspis, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 255. Gomphocarpus aureus,
Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. Beibl. 45, 17.
_ Mozamb. Dist. Rhodesia: Salisbury, Rand, 638!
Salisbury, Hon, Mrs, Evelyn Cecil, 144! Gwelo district, Raad, 188!
at six-mile Spruit, near
Also in South Africa.
346 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEA (BROWN). | Asclepias.
The var. brevicuspis, S. Moore, only differs from the type in having a rather
shorter point to the coronal-lobes, but this is a common yariati n among Asclepads,
and apparently not constant.
44. A. schumanniana, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Fl. Welw. 1, Gee.
Tuber ellipsoidal. Stem 9-14 in. high, simple or branched, pubescent-
with short curved hairs. Leaves numerous, glaucous-green ( Welwitsch),
ascending or spreading ; petiole 3-14 lin. long; blade 3-2 in. long,
2—6 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, cuneate or acute at the base or in the
lower leaves more or less rounded, narrowly revolute and scabrid along
the margins, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs on both side-.
Umbels solitary and terminal or 2-4 racemose along the upper part of
the stem, pedunculate, 3—5-flowered ; peduncles 3-13 in. long, usually
subequal when more than 2 to a stem, thinly pubescent ; bracts 2-43
lin. long, subulate, sparsely ciliate ; pedicels 4—6 lin. long, sparsely
pubescent. Sepals 34 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, sparsely pubes-
cent. Corolla subrotate or 1otate-campanulate, &8—9 lin. in diam ,.
densely veined with violet-purple on a pale ground, “intense violet-
rosy ’’ (Welwitsch), sometimes drying dark brown ; lobes 4-44 lin. long,
23-3 lin. broad, oblong-ovate, subacute, ciliolate and with a few short
hairs on the back. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the staminal-
column and equalling or slightly exceedirg it, erect, 24-3 lin. long,
cucullate in the basal part only, the margins of which are adnate to
the staminal-column and confluent with the margins of the adjacent
lobes, forming sinuate-crenulate lobules reaching to the base of the
anther-wings; within the cucullate part at the very base and up the
adnate sides is a transverse line of short erect flat scale-like hairs, but-
no median tooth ; apical part produced, lanceolate, concave, subacute
or bidentate, yellowish, with a dark brown or purple-brown stripe down
the middle.—Gomphocarpus amenus, K. Schum, in Engl. Jahrb. xvu-
124; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236 : and in Bull. Soc. Bot.
Belg. xxxvii. 122.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in thickets on the higher parts of
pitt Sayre on Pedra de Cazella, Welwitsch, 4169! near Malange, Mechow,
South Central. Congo Free State: Upper Marangu (Marungu), De Beerst
(ex Schumann).
This may possibly be the same as 4. pulchella, N. ¥. Br.
45. A, pulchella, V. 4. Br. Stem 10-12 in. high, simple, pubes-
cent with very short and long scattered spreading hairs intermingled ;
internodes }-1 in. long. Leaves opposite or occasionally 3 at a node,
ascending-spreading, sessile or subsessile, 14-13? in. long, 2$-3} lin.
broad, linear-lanceolate, acute, very thinly sprinkled with rather long
jointed hairs on both surfaces, appearing glabrous to the eye. Umbels:
about 4 to a stem, axillary or sublateral, pedunculate, subcorymbosely
arranged, 5—6-flowered ; lower peduncles 23-3 in. long, uppermost one
1} in. long, minutely pubescent and with a sprinkling of long jointed
spreading hairs; bracts 2 lin. long, filiform-subulate, thinly pubescent >
»
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEA (BROWN). 347
pedicels 4—6 lin. long, pubescent like the peduncles. Sepals 24 lin. long,.
? lin. broad, spreading, lanceolate, very acute, thinly pubescent with
long hairs on the back. Corolla lobed almost to the base, denselv
veined with rosy-purple outside, whitish, slightly veined with rosy-.
purple within ; lobes spreading, 4 lin. long, 2) lm. broad, oblong or
ovate-oblong, subacute, with a few long jointed hairs on the back of the
apical half, glabrous within, shortly ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising at the
base of the staminal-column and equalling it in length, 2 lin. long,.
erect, rather thick and fleshy, cucullate in the basal half only, which
is adnate to the staminal-column up to the base of the anthers, where
each side is produced into a short erect tooth close to the anther-
wings, apical part tapering to an obtuse point, channelled down the
inner face, within the cucullate part (at its top or at about the middle
of the lobe) is a very dense transverse band of short obtuse hairs, none
at the base. Staminal-column 2-21 lin. long; anther-appendages.
broadly ovate, obtuse, inflexed over the depressed truncate apex of
the style-—Gomphocarpus pulchellus, Decne. in Ann. Se. Nat. 2 sér.
] 297, : Bae mies
Ix. 325, and in DC. Prod. viii. 558.
Lower Guinea. Angola, collector’s name not recorded on the label!
This species is very closely allied to A. sechumanniana, Hiern, A. folios,
N. E. Br., and A. modesta, N. E. Br., from all of which it differs in having much
more rigidly fleshy coronalelobes, with the transverse band of hairs within them
placed higher up, at the very margin of the cucullate part, broader, more dense and
of rather stouter and more rigid hairs. The less membranous purple-veined corolla
also distinguishes jt from A, foliosa and A, modesta, whilst the longer peduncles,
Tosy-purple (not violet-purple) venation of the flowers, and terete (not flattened,
scale-like) hairs within the coronal-lobes equally distinguish it from A. schuman-
nana,
The above description was made from the type specimen of Gomphoearpus
pulchellus, Decne., kindly lent for the purpose by the Director of the Paris Herbarium.
46. A. dissoluta, Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 309.
Stem 16-18 in. (or more 2) high, simple, glabrous, with one puberulous
line. Leaves 13-4 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, linear, acuminate, narrowed
or acute at the base, slightly revolute along the margins, geek e
mbels solitary (always ?), terminal, 2-4-flowered ; peduncle o-43 lin.
long; bracts subulate, 3-2 lin. long, glabrous; pedicels 5-6 lin. long,
glabrous. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corll.
probably nearly rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 4 lin. long,
12 lin, broad, oblong, subobtuse, recurved at the very apex, glabrous on
both sides. Coronal-lobes arising }—} lin. above the base of the 1j-2
lin. long staminal-column, and slightly exceeding it, 1}~1} lin. long,.
erect, linear-oblong, slightly complicate or concave-channellea down the
ace, convex on the back, rounded or very obtuse at the apex, which is
Sometimes a little recurved, broadest at the base; margins somewhat.
abruptly narrowed about one-third the way up, forming a slight oe
jecting angle, as seen sideways (scarcely a tooth) ; no tooth on ¢
face of the lobe. Anther-appendages elliptic or orbicular, sub-
acute or obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style.— Xysmatobium
348 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEX (BROWN). | Asclepias.
dissolutum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 119; and in Engl.
«& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232; Durand & Schinz, Etudes FI. Congo,
ry TH. Schizoglossum violaceum, K.Schum. in Eng]. Jahrb. xvii. 122;
and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 233.
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: near Dolo in the vicinity of Stanley Pool,
Schlechter, 12808 (ex Schlechter). Angola: San Salvador ; in the Steppe near
Tunis, Bittner, 504!
South Central. Lunda: Mukenge, Pogge, 1227!
X. dissolutum is described as having 2-flowered peduncles, but the specimen I
have seen has three pedicels and the sear of a fourth,
47. A. rubella, .V. /. Br. Stems simple, 12-16 in. high, slender,
hispid-scabrous. Leaves sessile, 1-2} in. long, 3-3} lin. broad, lanceo-
late or linear-lanceolate, acute, sparsely pubescent, revolute margins
‘scabrid. Umbels terminal, several-flowered ; peduncles 7-9 lin. long;
bracts 4-5} lin. long, linear, hispidulous ; pedicels hispidulous. Sepals
4 lin. long, subulate, pubescent and ciliate. Corolla rotate, pink ;
lobes 4} lin. long, oblong, obtuse, densely hairy on the back,
ciliolate. Coronal-lobes 2 lin. long, arising 14 lin. above the base of
the staminal-column and reaching to its top, complicate-cucullate, oblong
with a produced apex, papillose within. Staminal-column 4 lin. long.—
Gomphocarpus roseus, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 127, and in
Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. iv. ii. 237; Durand & Schinz, Etudes
Fl. Congo, i. 193.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Bangala; by the River Kuango, near Kitamba,
Pogge, 614.
Only known to me from the description, but would appear to be allied to 4.
schumanniana, Hiern.
48. A. modesta, V. #. Br. Rootstock tuberous. Stem solitary,
simple or sparingly branched towards the base, pubescent. Leaves
often very spreading, in larger plants 13-3 in. long, 14-4 lin. broad,
linear or linear-lanceolate, in smaller plants 3-14 in. long, 2-6 lin. broad,
oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute or subacute, narrowed or acute at the
base and sometimes tapering into a short petiole, glabrous, with the
‘exception of a few hairs along the revolute margins and the midrib
beneath. Umbels 2-4 to a stem, lateral and terminal, pedunculate,
3—6-flowered ; peduncles +—2 in. long, pubescent ; bracts 1-1} lin. long,
subulate. Sepals 2 lin. long, } lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, pubescent,
ciliate. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, quite glabrous, or pubescent
outside, white or whitish, more or less tinted with rose or rosy-purple
outside ; lobes 3-4 lin. long, 1}-2 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, minutely
ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column, and
about equalling it, 13-2 lin. long, erect or slightly spreading, cucullate
to about the middle with the apical part produced, obtuse or subacute,
complicate-channelled ; margins of the cucullate part adnate to the
-staminal-column below, shortly free above and produced into small
oblong obtuse erect teeth; inside of the hood with a trans-
Asclepias. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 349°
verse papillate-pubescent line towards the base, but no median tooth.
Staminal-column 14 lin. long; anther-appendages ovate, acute, inflexed
over the rim of the flat or slightly concave apex of the style.
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: on the higher plateau north of Lake
Nyassa, Thomson! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; North Nyasaland and Upper
Loangwa River, Nicholson/ near Blantyre, Last’ Manganja Hills, Waller!
Namasi, Cameron, 6!
Var. foliosa, N. E. Br. Corolla-lobes 23-3 lin. long, indistinctly veined with
rosy-purple within. Coronal-lobes shorter than the staminal-column 1-1} lin. long.
—A. foliosa, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 686, exc]. syn.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; near Lopollo, in pastures sparsely covered
with bushes, Welwitsch, 4174!
This plant seems somewhat variable in stature and in the size and form of the
leaves, but I find no essential difference in the structure of the flowers of the various
specimens seen. It appears to be closely allied to A. foliosa, N. E. Br., but differs
in the basal part of the coronal-lobes being somewhat abruptly cucullate and in the
constant presence of a short erect oblong obtuse tooth on each side of the cucullate
part arising from the top margins close to the staminal-column.
The Angolan plant only appears to differ from the type in its rather smaller
flowers and shorter coronal-lobes.
49. A, foliosa, V. /. Br. Stem solitary, simple or branched
below, 10-14 in. high. Leaves subsessile or sessile, 2-23 in. long,
13-3 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed or acute
at the base, recurved along the margins, glabrous, with the exception of
a few rather Jong hairs on the margins and midrib beneath. Ombels
few, lateral and terminal, pedunculate, about 4-flowered ; pedicels 3-4
lin. long, pubescent. Sepals about 1} lin. long, 3 lin. broad, lanceolate,
acute, pubescent. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, glabrous on both
sides, white (?); lobes 34 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, very
minutely ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-
column and nearly equalling it in length, 1} lin. long, cucullate, erect,
obliquely oblong, obtuse, their inflexed margins very obliquely rounded,
each with a small acute tooth at the base inflexed within the hood,
which has a transverse papillate-pubescent line within, a little below the
middle. Between and connecting the coronal-lobes are 5 small pouch-
like flaps under the projecting horny anther wings. Staminal-column
1? lin. long; anther-appendages ovate, acute, inflexed over the rim of
the slightly concave apex of the style.—Gom phocarpus foliosus, K.Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 126, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 11.
237; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo. i. 198.
South Central. Congo Free State: Bashilange ; near Mukenge, Pogge, 1130!
1191 and 1223 (ex Schumann).
According to Schumann a }
River, Pogge, 975, probably belongs here also.
lant collected between Kingenge and the Kasai
50. A. palustris, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 33 i. Roots
tuberous. Stem 18 in. or more high, rather slender, simple or
branched, pubescent. Leaves slightly spreading, 13-23 in. long, 23-9
lin. broad, subsessile or on very short petioles, linear-lanceolate to
350 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEH (BROWN). { Asclepias.
narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded or emarginate at the base,
yevolute along the margins, minutely scaberulous or with a short
‘spreading pubescence. Umbels terminal and lateral, pedunculate, 6—10-
flowered, subcorymbose at the top of the stem ; peduncles $—6 in. long,
pubescent ; bracts 14-2 lin. long, subulate; pedicels 5-8 lin. long,
pubescent. Sepals 2-2} lin. long, attenuate, acute, more or less pubes-
cent. Corolla } in. in diam., with very spreading or reflexed lobes 3-35
lin. long, 2-21 lin. broad, ovate, acute, pubescent on the back, puberu-
lous towards the base within, apparently whitish, with or without dark
purple dots and lines within but pale rosy according to Welwitsch.
Coronal-lobes horizontally radiating from the base of the staminal-
column and only reaching to half its height, 14 lin. long, 14 lin. high,
purple-brown with whitish margins, hood- or bonnet-shaped, sub-
truncate, minutely denticulate along the top margins, which have an
erect tooth on each side at the base; the cavity is nearly filled up bya
large tuft of pubescent or papillate filaments arising from a large keel
that runs along the bottom of the hood and papillate along the margin
within.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.i. 686. © Gomphocarpus cristatus,
Deene. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 sér. ix. 325, t. 11, D. fig. 3; and in DC.
Prod. viii. 562; K.Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. i. 236.
G. palustris, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 127, and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236. G. paluster, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx.
382.
Lower Guinea. Ango'a: Pungo Andongo; on the more e’evated rocks of the
Presidium, Welwitsch, 4167! Malange, Mechow, 317, 401!
: Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Unyika, on a hilly plateau near
Kananda Villa:e, 4900 ft., Goetze, 1440 (ex Schumann). British Central Africa :
Nyasaland ; Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! Kondowe to Karong®, Whyte!
Mount Zomba, Whyte! Mou :t Mlanje, Scott-Elliot, 8670! MecClounie, 4g!
The Zomba plant has rather Inger teeth at the base of the coronal-lobes and the
fiaments within are rather shorter than in the Angolan plant, but I do not think it is
specifically distinct. :
51. A. pygmea, V. #. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 255. Plant
3-4 in, high. Stems several from a root, simple or once or twice
branched, pubescent. Leaves somewhat spreading, lower opposites
upper, or at least some of those arising from a flowering node, » 1m @
whorl, subsessile, 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, linear, acute, scaberu-
lous, revolute to midrib along the margins. Umbels 1-3 to a stem,
pedunculate, corymbose, 4—6-flowered ; peduncles $—3 in. long, pubes-
cent ; bracts 2}—3 lin. long, subulate, pubescent; pedicels 4—6 lin. long,
pubescent. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Corolla
)-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 24-3 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, oblong;
subobtuse, more or less pubescent on the back. Coronal-lobes stel-
lately radiating from the base of the staminal-column and rising tO ie
same general level 2 lin. long, complicate, inflexed sides or the basal
half produced into broad deltoid obtuse erect teeth reaching to the
top of the staminal-column, minutely papillate-pubescent within.
Anther-appendages broad, transverse, rounded.
Asclepias. LXXXY. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 351
Pp
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Lower plateau, north of Lake Nyasa,
Thomson !
The leaves and stems in the dried state are tinted with purple.
52. A. Randii, 8. Joore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 255. Plant about
/ in. high, branching near the base. Branches about 3 lin. thick,
shortly pilose ; internodes 3-6 lin. long. Leaves ascending-spreading,
sessile or subsessile, }—25 in. long, ?-1 lin. broad, linear, acute, pilose
on both sides. Umbels about 2 to a branch, subcorymbose,
3-4-flowered ; peduncles 6—10 lin. long, densely pilose ; bracts 2-24 lin.
long, pilose-pubescent, persistent ; pedicels 5-6 lin, long, densely pilose.
Sepals 2 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, pilose-pubescent, some-
what retiexed. Corolla apparently green, lobed nearly to the base;
lobes slightly reflexed, 3 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtuse,
thinly pilose on the back, glabrous within. Coronal-lobes arising at
the base of the staminal-column and overtopping it by nearly or quite
half their length, about 31 lin. long, erect, complicate-cucullate in the
basal part, which dves not reach to the top of the staminal-column and
is produced into short obtuse teeth at the apical angles of the sides,
terminal part produced into an erect linear obtuse process 2 lin. long ;
peer surface minutely papillate-puberulous, Staminal-column 14 lin.
ong.
Mozamb. Dist. Rhodesia: Salisbury, Rand, 194!
_ 93. A. eminens, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896, 453. Plant 5-10
in. high, branching close to the ground. Branches usually more or less
fieshy tubercles adnate to the lower half of the staminal-column,
alternating with the corolla-lobes, usually having 5 very minute teeth
alternating with them (and with the anthers) at the base of the
column, representing a rudimentary outer corona. Staminal-column
arising just above the base of the corolla; anthers erect, short and
broad, obtuse, with an inflexed membranous appendage at their apex.
Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs
to the pollen-carriers by horizontal caudicles. Style not produced
beyond the anther-tips. Follicles smooth; seeds crowned with a tuft
of hairs.—Perennials with twining stems, opposite leaves, and the
peduncles lateral between the bases of the petioles, bearing two or
more sessile umbel-like cymes racemosely scattered along them, flowers
small.
Species 2, one a native of Arabia. This genus resembles Zylophora in every-
thing except that the pollen-masses are distinctly pendulous and have much stouter
and very different caudicles.
1. T. heterophylla, V. #. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1894, xvi. 245.
Stems more or less twining, slender, pubescent, apparently not attain-
ing a greater height than 2-3 ft. Leaves spreading; petiole 1 lin.
to 1} in. long; blade 4-24 in. long, 4-14 lin. broad, ovate or oblong-
ovate, obtuse, subacute or acuminate, subtruncate to slightly cordate
at the base, glabrous above, sparsely covered with spreading hairs on
the veins beneath, and ciliate on the more or less recurved margins;
404 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Tylophoropsis.
peduncles 1-1} in. long, pubescent, bearing 1-2, 4—9-fiowered umbel-
like cymes; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, more or less pubescent. Sepals
2 lin. long, broadly ovate, acute, glabrous, ciliate. Corolla 5-lobed
nearly to the base, probably rotate; lobes 2-2} lin. long, oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse and somewhat cochleate at the apex, glabrous out-
side, puberulous inside, with one margin glabrous. Corona of 5 oblong
fleshy gibbosities on the basal half of the staminal-column, and with
or without 5 very minute lobules alternating with them at the base of
the column, where they are connected in a ring. Anther-tips inflexed
over the 5-rayed dilated part of the style, the apex of which is slightly
raised into a button-shaped knob having a depressed line across it and
not exceeding the level of the anther-tips.—Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2373;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 255. Tylophora
heterophylla, A. Rich, Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 41, t. 71; Walp. Ann. iii. 61;
Penzig in Atti del Congr. Bot. Internaz., 1892, 349. Vincetoaicum
heterophyllum, Vatke in Linnea, xl. 212; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop.
Afr. 342. Gymnema longepedunculata, Schweinf. in Héhnel, Rudolph-See
und Stephanie-See, Sonderabdr. 8: K. Schum. in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr.
C. 325. Spherocodon longipedunculata, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-
Afr, C. 326, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 285. T'ylophora
longipedunculata, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 338.
Wile Land. Eritrea: by the River Anseba, the torrent Aibaba, in the Valley
of Belta and at Geleb, Penzig (ex Penzig). Abyssinia: Tigre; Mount Semayata
9300 ft., Schimper, 471 (ex Vatke); Wojerat ; Mount Goumassa, 8000 ft., Petit (ex
Richard) ; and without precise locality, Schimper, 394! 833! Uganda: Ruwen-
zori; Butagu, in forest, 8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7973! Without locality, Hohnel.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro ; above Marangu, 9100 ft.
Votkens, 1884!
The flowers appear to be of a dark purple-brown, with a whitish pubescence
inside.
33. TYLOPHORA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 770.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla very deeply 5-lobed, rotate or rotate-
campanulate ; lobes more or less overlapping to the left, and sometimes
twisted in bud. Corona of 5 small or minute tubercles, adnate to oF
radiating from the filament part of the staminal-column and arising
near to or at its base. Staminal-column arising from the base of the
corolla; anthers erect, opening by crescent-shaped transverse slits,
tipped with a small membranous appendage which is often reduced to a
mere hyaline margin, their fertile part seated in slight cavities under
the margin of the dilated apex of the style. Pollen-masses very minute,
erect, suberect, or horizontal, attached by their middle or near their
base to very slender caudicles, by which they are affixed in pairs to be
pollen-earriers. Style pentagonal or 5-lobed at the depressed, fates
ov convex apex, rarely slightly exceeding the anthers. Follicles smoot ’
sometimes winged. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs.—Twining oF
erect perennials. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Inflorescence sublate
Tylophora. } LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 405
between the bases of the petioles or axillary, usually consisting of
slender, simple or branched cymes of flower-clusters or short racemes,
or occasionally the flower-clusters are sessile at the nodes of the stem;
flowers usually small.
Species many, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the
Old World.
In some species I have failed to find any caudicles to the pollen-masses ; they
are always very slender. I heve not found the pollen-masses pendulous as repre-
sented in Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenfam., but frequently their longer axis lies hori-
zontally in the anther-cell so that half of the mass is above and half below its
attachment to the caudicle.
Stem erect 0 : : ; : : c . 10. 7. orthocaulis.
Stem twining.
Leaves more or less cordate at the base. (See also
T. anfvacta, in which the leaves are sometimes
cordate at the base.)
Corolla-lobes 2-23 lin. long and as much in
breadth,
Staminal-column widened at the base ; coronal-
tubercles entirely adnate, ovoid . é - 1. TZ. conspicua.
Staminal-column not widened at the base;
coronal-tubercles minute, radiating, flat
above, convex beneath zi : . = 2. 1. OCULaLa.
‘Corolla-lobes 3-1 lin. long, longer than broad.
Cyme-branches glabrous.
Leaves subcoriaceous, drying brownish .
Leaves thin, drying green 2 5
Cyme-branches pubescent; leaves thin .
Leaves rounded or cuneate at the base.
Flower-clusters or very short racemes scattered
along the axis of the inflorescence or its
brauches ; corolla-lobes 14-2 lin. long, not
linear.
Leaves 2-43 in. long; pedicels 3-5} lin. long,
slender, but scarcely hair-like.
Inflorescence 2-3 in. long, not zigzag ; corolla
about 3 lin. in. diam. . . : - 6. T. oblonga.
Inflorescence 6—7 in. or more long, zigzag ;
corolla 44-5 lin.in diam. : . 7. T. anfracta.
Leaves 1-14 in. long; pedicels 6-8 lin. long,
hair-like . : 4 “ : >
Flower-clusters sessile at the nodes of the stem ;
corolla-lobes 24 lin, long, linear
. LT. cameroonica.
. T. apiculata,
. LD. sylvatica.
oe oo
8. ZT. tenuipedunculata.
9. T. stenoloba.
1. T; conspicua, JV. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 258. A large
climber, Stem hollow, finely pubescent. Leaves spreading; petiole
$+2? in. long, tomentose’; blade 2}~-7 in. long, 13-3} in. broad, oblong
or obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate or cuspidate, cordate at the base,
pubescent on the principal veins on both sides, otherwise glabrous ;
basal lobes broadly rounded, separated by a sinus }-} in. deep.
Inflorescence lateral at the nodes or subaxillary, 1}—3 in. long, pubes-
cent, consisting of a simple axis bearing 2-3 ascending, densely several-
406 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEEZ (BROWN). [ Zylophora.
flowered racemes, }-} in. long and }—} in. distant ; pedicels 3-4 lin.
long, pubescent. Sepals 2 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubescent,
minutely ciliate. Corolla rotate, 7-8 lin. in diam., 5-lobed to rather
more than half-way down, apparently dark purple-brown ; lobes 23 lin.
long and the same in breadth, obliquely orbicular-oblong, very obtusely
rounded, with a fold at the apex. Coronal-tubercles stout, ovoid,
arising } lin. above the widened base of the 1 lin. long staminal-column,
reaching to the base of the anthers and entirely adnate, dark coloured
in the dried state. Anthers erect, subtruncate, scarcely appendaged.
Style depressed a little below the anthers at the apex, with a convex
tubercle in the centre.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1. 691.
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Aburi, Johnson !
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; forests of Sobato Mussengue and
near Sange, Welwitsch, 4212! 4213! 4214! forests by the River Delamboa, Wel-
witsch, 4215! and without precise locality, Welwitsch, 4216 !
When I first described this I had only seen very young inflorescences, where the:
flowers appeared to be subumbellate on the branches of the cyme, but later, the
branches elongate and the flowers become racemose, The flowers, according to
Johnson, are dark and have a disagreeable odour.
2. T. oculata, V. ZL. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 112. Stem
twining, slender, glabrous. Leaves spreading; petiole 4~7 lin. long ;
blade 2-3} in. long, 10-15 lin. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminate,
cordate with small rounded lobes at the base, glabrous on both sides,
except for a minute pubescence along the upper side of the midrib
and petiole. Inflorescence axillary, sometimes from both axils of the
leaf-pairs, 2-3 in. long, simple or more usually dichotomously
2—branched 2-3 lin. above the base, unbranched part thinly and very
minutely pubescent; branches 13-3 in. long, glabrous, each bearing
2 umbel-like flower-clusters, 4-1] in. distant, the lower one sometimes
shortly pedunculate; bracts minute, broadly ovate, with a border of
minute white hairs; pedicels 4-7 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals about
+ lin. long and broad, deltoid-ovate, subacute, minutely ciliate. Corolla
+ in. in diam., rotate, pale greenish, with a purple ring around the
staminal-column ; lobes about 2 lin. long and the same in breadth,
obliquely oblong, shortly lacerate-fimbriate at the apex, more Or lene
recurving along the margins, glabrous. Coronal-tubercles radiately
spreading from a little above the base of the staminal-column, } lin.
long and broad, fleshy, subquadrate, flat above, very convex beneath,
obtusely rounded at the apex, dark purple. Staminal-column not-
widened at the base, about 4 lin. long; anthers broader than long,
rounded, faintly purplish, with a narrow hyaline margin. Btyle
exceeding the anthers, pyramidally convex at the apical part, very
pale greenish.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Scott-Elliot !
Described from a living plant cultivated at Kew, which was raised from seed
brought from Sierra Leone by Mr, Scott-Elliot in 1892.
Tylophora. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 407
3. T’. cameroonica, V. /. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 258. A
vigorous climber, with a hollow glabrous stem. Leaves apparently
slightly fleshy ; petiole #-1} in. long; blade 3-5} in. long, 2-3 in. broad,
ovate to elliptic-ovate, rather abruptly cuspidate-acuminate, cordate,
with a shallow broadly open sinus at the base, glabrous; only the
primary veins visible on the underside. Flowers in small clusters or
very short racemes scattered along the branches of lateral subsessile
or shortly pedunculate lax cymes, which have 3 primary branches that
are again once or twice trichotomously or dichotomously divided, the
whole cyme having a spread of 4—5 in. with a height of 2-3 in., at first
minutely rusty-puberulous, becoming glabrous; pedicels 1$—2 lin.
long, puberulous. Sepals }—3 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, glabrous.
Corolla rotate, 24 lin. in diam. ; lobes 1 lin. long, 3 in. broad, ovate, sub-
obtuse, ciliolate along one margin. Coronal-tubercles fleshy, transversely-
oblong, radiating from the base of the } lin. long staminal-column,
with their upper face sloping nearly up to the base of the anthers, dark
coloured in the dried state.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Rio del Rey, Johnston!
4. T. apiculata, A. Schum.in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 325. Stem
twining, slender, perfectly glabrous. Leaves on rather long petioles,
ovate, broadly elliptic, or suborbiculate, acute or often obtuse or retuse,
apiculate, cordate at the base, membranous, dark green, glabrous.
Panicle composed of a few alternating fascicles ; pedicels 14-2 lin. long,
very slender, glabrous ; flowers 1 lin. long. Sepals scarcely } lin. long,
green, glabrous. Corolla rotate, 2 lin. in diam., glabrous; lobes
% lin. long, elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-tubercles minute, arising
a little above the base of the 4 lin. long staminal-column.
Mozamb. Dist. East German Africa: Pangani, Stuhlmann, Coll, i. 848
(884! on the label seen).
{ have only seen a single leaf 2 in. long and 1% in. broad, and a few flowers cf
this plant.
5. T. sylvatica, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 sér. ix. 273. Stem
twining, slender, with two puberulous lines. Leaves spreading ; petiole
3-2 in. long; blade 14-6 in. long, 1-3} in. broad, oblong, ovate- or
elliptic-cordate, acuminate, acute, or shortly and abruptly apiculate-
cuspidate, glabrous, slightly pubescent along the midrib and nerves
above and down the face of the petiole. Inflorescence sublateral at the
nodes, 4-6 in. long, pedunculate, simple or branched, minutely
pubescent, bearing several sessile clusters of small brownish-purple
flowers racemosely scattered along it, }—} in. distant; pedicels 2-3
lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 4-4 lin. long, ovate, acute or subobtuse,
puberulous. Corolla rotate, purplish, 14-2 lin. in diam., 5-lobed nearly
to the base; lobes 3—1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse or subacute, glabrous.
Coronal-tubercles transverse, arising near the base of the barely } lin.
long staminal-column, dark coloured in the dried state. Follicles
23-31 in. long, lanceolate, acuminate, smooth and glabrous. Seeds
44 lin. long, 14 lin. broad, elongate-ovate, concave on one face, convex
408 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE% (BROWN). [ Zylophora.
on the other, with a winged margin, toothed at the broad end, both
sides with a minute tufted pubescence, light brown.—DC. Prod. viii.
610; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 455; K.Schum. in Bull. Soe. Bot.
Belg. xxxvii. 123; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 691. 7’. silvatica,
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 325; Schlechter, Westafr.
Kautschuk-Exped. 309; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 286, and
283, fig. 85, OP, the pollen incorrectly. represented as pendulous.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia (816! from Paris Herbarium, collector not
stated). Sierra Leone: near Falaba, Scott-Elliot, 5455! Liberia: Cape Palmas,
Vogel, 3! Gold Coast: Aburi Gardens, Johnson, 770! Togo: Misahdhe,
Baumann, 511! Lagos: Efe, Millen, 166 ! Interior, Rowland ! by the river at
Odo Onon, Dawodu, 173! Niger Territory: Jeba and Nupe, Barter, 1321! River
Nun, Mann, 479! Akassa, Everett Dutton, 29! Cameroons: Batanga district,
near Bapu, Bates, 197! Fernando Po, Vogel, 237!
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Bingila, Dupuis (ex Schumann). Angola:
Golungo Alto; near Sanches, Welwitsch, 4230! Sange district, Welwitsch, 4231!
South Central. Congo Free State: near Coquilhatville, Schlechter, 12610
(ex Schlechter).
Mozamb. Dist. Germen East Africa, see Engler Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. Th. C.,
325, no localities or collectors quoted.
Occurs also in Madagascar, but I have not seen it from intermediate localities.
Probably T. bojeriana, Devaisne in DC. Prod. viii, 607, is this species.
6. T. oblonga, NV. 2. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 257. A slender
twiner, glabrous in all parts. Leaves spreading or somewhat deflexed ;
petiole }-? in. long; blade 24-3 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, oblong to
elliptic-obovate, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, rather broadly cuneate or
cuneately rounded at the base. Inflorescence lateral or sublateral,
consisting of a simple axis 2-3 in. long, bearing 3-4 distant sessile
several-flowered racemes 13-3 lin. long scattered along it; pedicels 3-4
lin. long, slender. Sepals 3-3} lin. long, ovate, acute, more or less
slightly ciliolate. Corolla rotate, about 3 lin. in diam., white ; _lobes
14 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, oblong, obliquely produced on one side in the
upper part, very broadly rounded and minutely fimbriate-laciniate on
one side at the apex. Coronal-tubercles minute, spreading from the
base of the } lin. long staminal-column, transverse, broadly rounded,
fleshy, flattened above, very convex beneath, dark coloured in the dried
state. Style truncate, with 5 decurved rays at its apex. Follicles
3 in. long, } in. thick, lanceolate, acuminate, winged on each side,
smooth and glabrous. Seeds (unripe) elongate-ovate, winged, concavo-
convex, minutely tuberculate on both sides.
Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann, 277!
By some error the diameter of the corolla as stated in my original description 1s
too great.
7. 'T. anfracta, V. FE. Br. Stem twining, about 1 lin. thick,
glabrous. Leaves glabrous ; petiole }—} in. long ; blade 1?-4} in. long,
1{-23 in. broad, elliptic, rather abruptly and shortly acuminate to a
very acute point, usually rounded or sometimes cordate at the base.
Tylophora.]| LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 409
Axis (or branch ?) of the inflorescence 6—7 in. or more long, zigzag,
with internodes 7-1} in. long, glabrous, bearing 10-12 several-
flowered racemes 14-2 lin. long, scattered along it; pedicels 4—5}
lin. long, very slender, thickened at the apex. Sepals $—% lin. long,
§ lin. broad, broadly ovate, acute, glabrous, sparsely and most minutely
ciliate. Corolla rotate, about 44-5 lin. in diam., lobed to about half-
way from the margin; lobes 14 lin. long, 13-1? lin. broad, obliquely
produced on one side, very broadly rounded. Coronal-tubercles seated
near the base of the staminal-column, horizontally projecting for about
t lin., convex above, concave beneath, rounded. Staminal-column ?
lin. long, constricted under the anthers, 5-grooved ; anther-appendages
thick and fleshy, broadly transversely oblong, very obtuse, erect, over-
topping the pentagonal style-apex, which is depressed and bears a small
-central tubercle.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker, 1823!
8. T. tenuipedunculata, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 144.
A very slender twiner, glabrous in all parts. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 3-44 lin. long; blade 1-1} in. long, 4~9 lin. broad, ovate,
-oblong-ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, tapering to an acute or subobtuse
point, mucronate, base rounded or subtruncate. Peduncles sublateral,
1-2 in. long, filiform, bearing two distant clusters of small, dark-
coloured flowers; pedicels 6-8 lin. long, hair-like. Sepals % lin. long,
lanceolate, acute. Corolla rotate, 4 lin. in diam.; lobes 2 lin. long,
narrowly lanceolate-attenuate, acute. Coronal-tubercles minute,
fleshy, transverse-oblong, seated at the base of the staminal-column,
which is rather more than 4 lin. long. Style truncate, depressed at the
pex.
Lower Guinea. Loango: Chinchocho district, on the border of a mountain
forest near Povo Zala, Soyaux, 163 !
9. T. stenoloba, WV. #. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 257. Stems
‘slender, twining, pubescent. Leaves probably fleshy; petiole 13-2
lin, Jong; blade #-1} in. long, 4—8 lin. broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong,
very obtuse, mucronulate, obtuse or cuneately rounded into the petiole
at the base, glabrous on both sides, midrib puberulous above, margins
sparingly ciliolate when young. Flower-clusters sessile at the nodes,
-several-flowered, pubescent on the exceedingly short axis ; pedicels 7-8
din. long, hair-like, glabrous. Sepals 4 lin. long, lanceolate, acum-
inate, glabrous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base; lobes 24
lin, long, linear from a widened base, slightly dilated at the apex,
spirally twisted to the right in bud, glabrous. Coronal-tubercles adnate
to the filament part of the staminal-column from near its base up to
the anthers, fleshy, truncate at their base, narrowing upwards. Anther-
appendages reniform, inflexed over the truncate apex of the style,
which does not project beyond them.—Astephanus stenolobus, K. Schum.
in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 321; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv.
li. 223, fig. 65, C, D, and 224.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Doda, Holst, 7977a!
410 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Tylophora..
10. T. orthocaulis, A. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 235. Stems.
several from a short rhizome, 2-24 ft. high, erect, straight or somewhat
curved, yourgest parts minutely puberulous, otherwise glabrous. Leaves.
spreading ; petiole 1 lin. long; blade 14-2? in. long,*14—4$ lin. broad,
lanceolate or linear, attenuate-acute at both ends, recurved at the
margins, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, 34-43 in. long, longer than the:
leaves, generally bearing about 3 fascicles of flowers; pedicels at first
about 24 lin. long, elongating to 6-7 lin., filiform, minutely puberulous.
Sepals J lin. long, minutely puberulous. Corolla divided nearly to the
base ; lobes about 14 lin. long, narrow, dark purple. Coronal-tubercles
adnate to the staminal-column near its base, slightly prominent, obtuse.
Staminal-column $ lin. long. Follicles about 14-14% in. long, very’
narrow, cylindric, acuminate at both ends.
Upper Guinea. Without precise locality, Afzelius, 138.
Imperfectly known species.
11. T. Adaline, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 286. Leaves membranous, with a closed sinus and overlapping
basal lobes. Branches of the inflorescence leafless.
West Tropical Africa.
I have not seen this plant, which is said to be somewhat like 7’, sylvatica, Decne.»
and the above is all the description that is given of it. The description agrees (so far
as it goes) with Marsdenia profusa, N, KE. Br.
34. ONCOSTEMMA, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 148.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate-rotate, deeply 5-lobed ; lobes
overlapping to the left in bud. Corona double; outer of. 5 fleshy lobes
united into a ring at their base, arising from the base of the corolla,
opposite the corolla-lobes and close to the thick fleshy annular slightly
lobed inner corona, which is adnate to the staminal-column. Staminal-
column arising from the base of the corolla; anthers short, connivent
over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses subhorizontal, minute, sub- -
globose, solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs by short caudicles
to the pollen-carriers. Style flattened at the apex, with a slightly
convex or bilobulate centre——A twining shrub. Leaves opposite.
Inflorescence axillary (sublateral ?), pedunculate, lax, dichotomously
cymose, passing into subsessile abbreviated racemes; flowers small.
Species 1, endemic, unknown to me.
1. O. cuspidatum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 148, t. vi. fig-
Rk—T. Stem twining; branches slender, with a puberulous line down
one side. Leaves herbaceous: petiole 7-9 lin. long ; blade 24-2} in-
long, {-1} in. broad, oblong, acuminate and very acute, acute at the
base, glabrous on both sides, sometimes variegated with white.
Inflorescence about 6 in. long; internodes about 12 in. Jong ; branches
3-4 lin. long, bearing numerous flowers; pedicels slender. Sepals 4-3
Oncostemma. | LXXXY. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 412
lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolate. Corolla about } in. in aiam.,
campanulate-rotate or subrotate, 5-lobed to three-fourths of the way
down ; tube ventricose 1-1} lin. long; lobes elliptic-ovate, obtuse,
glabrous, green outside, brownish inside. Outer coronal-lobes minute,
deltoid, fleshy, united into a ring at the base; inner corona a thick
fleshy ring, about half 2s long as the } lin. long staminal-column.—
K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii, 235, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflazenfam.
iv. ii. 297; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 165.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: near Yaunde, Zenker, 665.
Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas: near Batepa, 1750 ft., Moller, 99.
35. NANOSTELMA, Baill. Hist. Pl. x. 247.
Flowers minute. Corolla subeampanulate, 5-lobed ; lobes narrowly
overlapping. Corona annular, thick, obtusely 5-crenate, surrounding
the short and thick staminal-column under the anthers, Anthers
terminated by an inflexed membrane, Style capitate, papillose, with
the vertex depressed. Follicles narrowly linear, acute, glabrous.—A
perennial glabrous herb, with knotted rhizome and erect stems.
Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate. Flowers lateral at the uppermost
nodes, in long-peduncled lax racemose cymes, and forming a compound
terminal raceme.
An endemic genus of one species, not seen by me.
1. N. congolana, Baill. Hist. Pi. x. 248. Name only, no descrip-
tion beyond the above.—J. congolanum, K. Schum, in Engl. & Prantl,
Ptianzenfam. iv. ii. 248.
Lower Guinea. Congo.
36. SPH HROCODON, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
ei, th i Lee
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate or subcampanulate, 5-lobed ;
lobes overlapping and slightly twisted to the left in bud. Corona of 5
small fleshy compressed tubercles or teeth, radiating or ascending
from the staminal-column some distance above its base. Staminal-
column arising from the base of the corolla; anthers erect, obtuse,
without appendages. Pollen-masses erect, solitary in each anther-cell,
not very minute, united in pairs by very slender caudicles to the minute
and rather thin pollen-carrier. Style shorter than the anthers, trun-
cate and shortly 5-rayed at the apex.—Perennial herbs with a woody
or tuberous rootstock. Stems erect, not twining, Leaves opposite,
shortly petiolate, elliptic or oblong. Flowers of moderate size, in
pedunculate sublateral umbel-like cymes.
Species 2, one of which is also found in Natal.
This genus differs from Tylophora in its dwarfer erect habit, unbranched in-
florescence with numerous bracts, compressed coronal-lobes and much larger and
more oblong pollen-masses.
412 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE& (BROWN). | Spheevocodon.
Corolla-iube distinctly campanulate, 23 lin. long . 1. S. obtusifolium.
Corolla with its united pirt $ lin. long, not forming a_
distinct tube, scarcely more than saucer-shaped . 2. S, melananthus.
1. S. obtusifolium, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xii. 78, t. 1190.
Rootstock woody. Stems several to a root, erect, 1-3 ft. high,
branching at the base only, softly tomentose. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 2-3 lin. long; blade 14-3 in. long, 3-1} in. broad, oblong to
elliptic, usually very obtuse and apiculate, sometimes subacute, broadly
or cuneately rounded at the base, subglabrous or sparsely pubescent
above, softly pubescent beneath. Cymes umbel-like, sublateral,
pedunculate, 6—13-flowered ; peduncles }—? in. long, tomentose ; bracts
1-2 lin. long, linear, pubescent; pedicels 3-4 lin. long, tomentose.
Sepals 2 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, acute, pubescent outside and at the
apex inside. Corolla dark purple, 34-4 lin. in diam., broadly campanu-
late (not globose as originally described), 5-lobed to 4 of the way down
or rather more; tube 24 lin. long; lobes 13 lin, long, ovate, obtuse.
outside more or less puberulous on the lobes, inside loosely clothed
with very fine jointed (cobwebby ?) hairs. Coronal-lobes arising } lin.
above the base of the staminal-column, radiating, fleshy, rather minute,
tubercle-like, compressed, oblong, obtuse. Caudicles very slender.—
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 692. S. obtusifolia, K. Schum. in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 326, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. i. 283,
fig. 85, J-L, and 285. 8. natalense, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xu. 79.
S. natalensis, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 285.
S. caffrum, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 339. Tylophora
caffra, Meisn. in Hook. London Journ. Bot. 1843, ii. 542, by error
442. Gongronema Welwitschii, K.Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 149.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in thickets near Luxillo River,
Welwitsch, 4195! 4196!
Wile Land. Uganda: East side of Lake Albert Edward, on dry grassy hills,
Scott-Elliot, 8029!
Mozamb. Dist. Portugue:e East Africa: by the River Shire near Morambala
Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Namasi, Cameron ! and without pre-
cise locality, Buchanan, 1370!
Also in Natal, there being no distinction between S. natalense and the tropical
plant.
2. S. melananthus, V. /. Br. Plant 6-10 in. high, branching
at the base. Stems erect, terete, puberulous. Leaves numerous,
opposite, 4-8 lin. apart, ascending-spreading; petiole 4-1 lin. long ;
blade 7-1} in. long, 34-7 lin. broad, elliptic-oblong, subacute, rounded
or obtuse at the base, slightly puberulous on the veins and midrib
beneath, elsewhere glabrous. Umbels lateral at the nodes, pedunculate,
2-3- or sometimes 1-flowered; peduncles 5-11 lin. long, slender,
puberulous; bracts }-3 lin. long, subulate to linear-lanceolate, acute ;
pedicels 6-8 lin. long, slender, puberulous. Sepals 1 lin. long, 3-3
lin. broad, lanceolate or oblong, acute, spreading, glabrous. Corolla
subcampanulate, about }-} in. in diam., lobed to 2 of the way down,
Spherocodon. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 413:
quite glabrous on both sides, blackish-violet or blackish-purple ; united
part (which scarcely forms a tube) % lin. long; lobes 1} lin. long,
1 lin. broad, ascending, ovate-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes arising
from the middle of the filamental part of the staminal-column,,
4 lin. long, compressed, incurved-erect, acute, somewhat resembling
the curved prickles of a rose. Staminal-column } lin. long, of which
1 lin. belongs to the blackish-purple filament-part ; anthers erect,
oblong, obtuse, with very narrow membranous sides to the upper part,
but no terminal appendage. Style not exceeding the anthers,
truncate or slightly depressed in the centre at the apex.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Amboella; by the River Quito, below the River
Longa, 3700 ft,, Baum, 526!
37. GYMNEMA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ui. 769.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed to the middle or beyond; tube:
campanulate; lobes ascending or spreading, overlapping to the left in
bud. Corona arising from and adnate to the corolla-tube, either of 5
fleshy lobes adnate up to the mouth of the corolla-tube, with more or
less incurved tips, or of 5 pairs of fleshy ridges on the lower part of the
tube, alternating with the corolla-lobes, densely ciliate (always ?).
Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla. Anthers short,
erect, with short membranous appendages. Pollen-masses_ erect,
solitary in each anther-cell. Style often produced beyond the anthers.
Follicles smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs.—Twining
shrubs, with opposite leaves. Umbels sublateral, often opposite.
Flowers small.
Species several, distributed through the tropical and subtropical regions of the
Old World ; only one species that certainly belongs to this genus is known from
Tropical Africa. Of the three others recorded, one is Marsdenia Schimperi, Decne. ;.
another is probably a Secamone ; and the third does not belong to the order,
1. G. sylvestre, FR. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 38. Stem
climbing, woody, 1-14 lin. thick, shortly tomentose, as are also the
petioles, peduncles, bracts, pedicels and calyx. Leaves spreading;.
petiole 3-10 lin. long; blade 3-3 in. long, 4-1} in. broad, ovate,
elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, acute or shortly and rather
abruptly acuminate, varying from shortly and broadly cuneate to
rounded or cordate at the base, glabrous or pubescent (usually sparsely
so) above, undersurface varying through all stages from glabrous to
softly and densely pubescent. Umbels opposite, subaxillary, peduncu-
late or sessile, rather densely many-flowered ; peduncles 1-5 lin. long,
sometimes producing successive umbels or whorls of flowers; pedicels
1-3 lin. long. Sepals 1 lin. long, elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, ciliate.
Corolla 2 lin. in diam., glabrous; tube campanulate, }-1 lin. long;
lobes spreading-recurved, about as long as. the tube, oblong-ovate,
obtuse, fleshy, minutely ciliate, yellowish-white. Coronal-lobes fleshy,.
channelled down the face, inserted on and adnate to the corolla-tube,.
+14 LXXXY. ASCLEPIADE (BROWN). [Gymnema.
prominent and glabrous or nearly so at the subacute free incurved tips,
densely ciliate on each side of the decurrent part below. Style
protruded much beyond the erect anthers, exceeding the corolla-tube,
but rarely as long as the corolla-lobes ; apical part stout, ovoid, odtuse,
slightly two-lobed or entire. Follicles 24-34 in. long, 4 in. thick,
lanceolate, attenuate into a beak, glabrous. Seeds 345-5 lin. long,
ovate, plano-convex, with a rather broad marginal wing, glabrous,
brown.—DC, Prod. viii. 621; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 43; Hook. f.
Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 29; Wight, Ic. Pl. ii. i. 3, t. 349; Martelli, Fl. Bogos.
55; K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 325, and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 283, fig. 85, F-G, and 284, and in Engl. Jahrb.
xxx, 385. G. rufescens, Decne., and G. subvolubile, Decne., in Ann, Sc.
Not: 2 sér. ix: 277, t. 11, fp. A; and in DC, Prod. vin. 621. 2:
subvolubile, Hook. Niger F). 455; De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr.
159. G. humile, Deene. in DC. Prod. viii. 621; A. Rich. Tent. Fl.
Abyss. ii. 42. G. M’Kenii, Harv. Gen. 8. Afr. Pl. ed. 2, 239. G.
Jruticulosum, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101. G. geminatwm, Hiern in
Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 691, not of R. Br. Periploca sylvestris, Retz.
(me 1 10; Waid. Phytog.. 7, t..5, fig. 8, and Sp. EL: 1. 1252.
Cynanchum subvolubile, Schumach & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 150.
C. senegalense, Sieber ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 621. Asclepias
geminata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 45 (1832).
Upper Guinea. Seneyal, Roger, 49! Sieber, 22! Gold Coast: Accra,
Ansell! Ada, Thonning ; Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 72! Lagos: near Owi Owi,
Millen, 49 (1895 Coll.)!| Ogumpa, Dawodu, 89! Niger River (Quorra), Vogel,
46! 166! Barter! Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker, 1497!
Nile Land. Eritrea: Keren, Steudner, 756! Beccari, 283 (ex Martelli).
Abyssinia: Plain of Hamedo, 4700 ft., Schimper, 117! near Gapdia, Schimper, 807 !
Modat Province, Schimper, 1752! near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 1722! and without
precise locality, Quartin Dillon & Petit! Jur: Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 2347 !
Lower Guinea. Loango: Chinchocho, Soyaur, 43! Angola: Pungo
Andongo; on lofty ledges of the Presidium, Welwitsch, 4198! Huilla ; in thinly
wooded parts of Morro de Lopollo, at Ferrao da Sola, Welwitsch, 4242 !
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usaramo; Dar es Salaam, Kirk!
Kondeland, on a mountain side by Lake Nyasa at Langenburg, 1600 ft., Goetze,
863 (ex Schumann). British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan, 1162! Likoma
Island in Lake Nyasa, Johnson !
Extends into Madagascar, South Africa, and the drier paris of India. The
Australian plant united with it by Bentham is quite distiuct,
The leaves when chewed destroy the taste of sweetness. This was first observed
by M. P. Edgeworth (Proce. Linn. Soc. i, 353). See also Hooper in Nature, xxxv-
565-567.
Imperfectly known species.
2. G. crenatum, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 273. A
climbing shrub, very much branched; branches grey, glabrous ;
branchlets reddish-pubescent. Leaves small, coriaceous; petiole 1-2
lin. long, reddish-pubescent; blade 14 in. long, 9 lin. broad, oblong-
obovate, obsoletely crenate towards the obtuse apex, tapering below to
a cuneate entire base, shining above, puberulous beneath. Cymes
Gymnema. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 415
axillary, twice shorter than the leaves, reddish-pubescent. Sepals very
short, scarious at the margin, pubescent on the back. Corolla rotate,
deeply 5-lobed, conical in bud, very shortly tomentose on both sides ;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute. “Corona none. Style-hood 5-lobed ;
lobes recurved ; stigma obtuse, projecting.”’
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; near Tete,
Peters.
I have not seen this plant, but from the description T am sure that it is not a
-Gymnema, but may perhaps belong to the genus Secamone.
Gymnema nitidum, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 456; Walp. Ann. iii. 61,—
‘This plant is not an Asclepiad! Bentham must have examined a loose flower that
did not belong to the plant, as his description, as well as his drawings on the type-
sheet, indicate the floral structure of Gymnema. But the type specimen has one
bud still attached; this I have soaked and examined withont removing it, and
(although immature) I find its structure to be as follows : Sepals 5, short, thick and
roundish. Petals 5, free, imbricate. Stamens 4. one being apparently somewhat
impertect, incumbent on the sides of the ovary. Ovary superior, trigonous with a
subsessile shortly 3-lobed stigma. .I could not dissect the bud further without
destroying it. ‘The above characters and the general appearance of the plant refer it
to Salacia ; I therefore propose for it the name of Salacia nitida, NV. £. Br.
38. ANISOPUS, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 259.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube short, campanulate ; lobes 5, spreading,
very narrowly overlapping or almost valvate in bud. Corona double ;
outer inserted at the mouth of the corolla-tube, consisting of 5 fleshy
lobes at the sinuses (perhaps thickened sinus-angles of the corolla?) or
of a membranous ring ; inner of 5 fleshy lobes arising from the staminal-
column, adnate to it in their lower part, free above, opposite the
anthers. Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla-tube ;
anthers erect with membranous appendages. Pollen-masses_ erect,
solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs by short caudicles to the
pollen-carriers. Follicles very long, widely divergent, terete, acute,
smooth, seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs.—A tall glabrous twiner.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, herbaceous, with distinct veins. Flowers in
umbels, axillary and from both axils, one umbel pedunculate, the other
sessile and developing later.
Species 2, endemic.
Since the publication of this genus I have seen flowers preserved in fluid, in
which the processes I have described as outer coronal-lobes appear to be raised or
tubercular projections of the sinuses of the corolla it-elf rather than true coronal
processes. ‘The name is formed from avicos, unequal and zrovs, a foot, in allusion to
one umbel of each pair being stalked and the other sessile. The coronul-lobes or
tubercles at the mouth of the corolla resemble those of Leptadenia, and those on the
staminal-column those of Marsdenia, near which genus [ place it for the present.
Leaves rounded at the base ; outer corona of 5 minute
lobes. =
Leaves acute at the base; out2r corona of a mem-
branous ring. . . : : . : . 2. A, bicoronata.
1. A, Mannii.
416 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Anisopus..
1. A. Mannii, V. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 259. Stem
twining to a height of 12-15 ft., about 1 lin. thick in the flowering
part, glabrous, marked with stipulary lines between the bases of the
petioles. Leaves spreading; petiole }—} in. long, bearing a distinct
gland at the apex; blade 2}-3 in. long, 14-1} in. broad, elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate into a 5-6 lin. long point,
broadly rounded, subtruncate or emarginate at the base, glabrous on
both sides, herbaceous. Umbels globose, many-flowered, distinctly
axillary and from both axils; the umbel from one axil is pedunculate
and bracteate, or the peduncle elongates into a bracteate branch up to
2 in. long (or longer ?), with 2-4 (or perhaps more) nodes, bearing a
sessile umbel at each node ; whilst the opposite umbel is sessile in the axil
and developes later; peduncles 4-3 in. long, glabrous ; bracts of the
pedunculate umbels leafy, }-1 in. long, 14-3 lin. broad, lanceolate,
acuminate, shortly petiolate or subsessile, glabrous ; of the sessile umbels
often minute; pedicels 34-6 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals about } lin.
long and nearly as broad, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, with a few very minute
hairs on the back, minutely ciliate. Corolla 54-6 (in the dried state 43)
lin. in diam. ; tube 1-1} lin. long, campanulate; lobes 2 (in the dried
state 14) lin. long, 14 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtuse, very
spreading, glabrous outside, pubescent all over within. Outer coronal-
lobes (?) or thickened sinus-angles } lin. long, } lin. broad, fleshy,
broadly rounded, pubescent ; inner coronal-lobes arising from the base
of the staminal-column and as long as it, 1-1} lin. long, adnate up to
the base of the anthers, thick and fleshy, channelled down the back,
with acute margins, incurved over the anthers at the apex, acute, obtuse
or minutely bifid. Anther-appendages ovate, acuminate, erect, adpressed
to the apical part of the style, which is shortly exserted beyond them,
moderately stout and conical and sometimes bifid at the apex. Follicles
6—8 in. long, 4-43 lin. thick (or larger 2), terete, tapering to a shortly
hooked point, widely divergent, smooth, glabrous. Seeds (very imma-
ture) 6-64 lin. long, 13-2 lin. broad, narrowly oblong, smooth.—Hook.
Tc. Pl. t. 2453; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr-
mum ii-iv, 288. Marsdenia rhynchogyna, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
Xxill. 234.
Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria: Akass:, Everett Dutton, 32! Cameroons
Lolodorf, Staudt, 376, 356!
Lower Guinea. Spanish Gabcon: Corisco Bay, Mann, 1862!
This is the African plant mentioned by Bentham and Hooker f. in Genera
Plantarum, ii. 777, under Hoya!
2. A. bicoronata, V. Z. Br. Stem climbing; branches slender,
with a spreading pubescence on the youngest parts. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 24-7 lin. long; blade 3-3 in. long, 44-164 lin. broad, oblong,
acute or somewhat obtuse, acute at the base, glabrous on both sides.
Umbels 7-10-flowered; peduncles up to 4} lin. long, puberulous ;
pedicels 5-6 lin. long, filiform, glabrous; bracts minute, lanceolate,
pilose. Sepals } lin. long, narrowly subulate, pilose. Corolla 2 lin.
long ; tube semiglobose; lobes spreading, ovate, Outer corona @
ad
Anisopus. } LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 417
‘membranous pubescent ring } lin. high, arising from the mouth of the
corolla-tube ; inner coronal-lobes } lin. long, arising near the apex of
the stipitate staminal-column, tumescent, gibbous, with the apex
narrowed and inflexed on the apex of the style. Staminal-column 1}
lin. long.— Marsdenia bicoronata, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 235.
Upper Guinea. Without locality, Afzelius.
I have not seen this plant and refer it to the genus Anisopus with some hesita-
tion ; but the situation of the outer corona at the mouth of the corolla-tube seems to
indicate an alliance with that genus, and it may even be the same as 4. Mannii,
N.E. Br. A specimen (Staudt, 356) received from Berlin, under the name of
Marsdenia bicoronata, K. Schum., does not agree with the description, and is A.
Mannii.
39. MARSDENTIA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 772.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube campanulate ; lobes 5, erect, spreading
or rotate-campanulate, overlapping to the left and straight or slightly
twisted in bud. Corona of 5 fleshy lobes arising from the staminal
column, with their basal part adnate to it, but often with free margins,
or projecting like tubercles, which are sometimes confluent at the base,
producing more or less the appearance of an outer corona, their apical
part free, erect or somewhat connivent, applied to the backs of the
anthers. Staminal-column arising from or near the base of the corolla ;
anthers erect, with the cells usually more or less concealed under the
margin of the dilated part of the style; appendages membranous, free
or connate, more or less incumbent on the top of the style. Pollen-
masses erect, solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs to the pollen-
carriers by short or elongated, moderately stout caudicles. Style
depressed, convex, conical, or produced into a long beak at the apex.
Follicles with a thick pericarp, smooth, sometimes winged. Seeds
crowned with a tuft of hairs—Climbing or erect perennials. Leaves
Opposite. Flowers small or of moderate size, arranged in umbel-like
cymes, or in small sessile umbels or clusters scattered along the
branches of the cymes or panicles, which are lateral at the nodes or
axillary.—Dregea, E. Meyer; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PIS le Vidoes
Pterophora, Harv. Gen. South Afr. Pl. ed. i. 223. Traunia, K. Schum.
in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 23.
A large genus, widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical
regions.
I cannot find any character whatever to separate Dregea from Marsdenia. The
coronal-lobes of Dregea are erect in the species on which Meyer founded his genus,
as well as in all the others that I have examined, but in one or two they are very
much laterally compressed, and as viewed from above present a stellate appearance.
*Corolla-lobes 2-44 lin. long. :
Stem and petioles densely villous with long spreading a
hairs. . : z ° - ° . - 1. M. crintta.
Stem and petioles pubescent, subtomentose or glabrous,
without long hairs, except in M. angolensis.
VOL. IV. 2E
418 LXXXY,. ASCLEPIADEX (BROWN). [ Marsdenia.
Corolla-lobes linear, 3-1 lin. broad; apex of style
exserted beyond the anthers into a long beak .
Corolla-lobes oblong, 1-2 lin. broad; apex of the
style not beaked.
Sepals 23-43 lin. long; coronal-lobes linear-oblong
or lanceolate, about as long as the staminal-
bo
. MW. Schimperi.
column : : : c . 8. M. zambesiaca.
Sepals 13 lin. long; coronal-lobes truncate,
shorter than the staminal-column . 4. MM. spissa.
Sepals 1 lin. long ; coronal-lobes subulate-tipped,
much longer than the staminal-column . 5. M. rubicunda.
**Corolla-lobes under 2 lin. long,
Leaves not cordate at the base.
Style produced much beyond the anther-appendages
into a long filiform beak é : : . 6. WM. umbellifera.
Style not produced beyond the anther-appendages.
Pedicels 1-14 lin. long . : : : . 7. M. Taylori.
Pedicels 6-8 lin.long : : : . 8. WM. efulensis.
Leaves cordate at the base.
Flowers umbellate at the ends of the cyme-
branches. : Z : : ; :
Flowers in small fascicles or sessile umbels, which
are compactly racemose along the cyme-
branches,
Leaves cordate-oblong, twice as long as broad.
Stems puberulous ; corolla-tube hairy within . 10. I. leonensis.
Stem glabrous ; corolla-tube glabrous within . 11. MZ. glabriflora.
Leaves very broadly cordate-ovate, not more than
% longer than broad.
Coronal-lobes with a tubercle at their base . 12. M, racemosa.
Coronal-lobes without a tubercle at their base. 13. UM. profusa.
9. M. angolensis.
1. M. crinita, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1993. A large twiner,
all the younger parts of the stem, together with the petioles and all
parts of the inflorescence (except the corolla) densely covered with long
spreading tawny or rust-coloured hairs. Leaves spreading; petiole
8-1} lin. long; blade 2-4} in. long, 1}-2 in. broad, ovate or elliptic-
ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, broadly rounded or cordate at the
base, sparsely hairy above, hairy like the stem on the veins beneath,
but with shorter hairs, ciliate. Cymes lateral or subaxillary, peduncu-
late, many-flowered, 14-2 in. in expanse; peduncles 3-1} in. long ;
pedicels 5-8 lin. long. Sepals 3-4 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate.
Corolla quite glabrous on both sides, white; tube 14 lin. long, globose-
campanulate ; lobes 3-4 lin. long, oblong, obliquely acute, very spreading,
with one twist. Coronal-lobes reaching to the apex of the style; thei
basal part } Jin. long, orbicular or rhomboid-orbicular, adnate to the
filament part of the staminal-column, projecting as broad wings at the
sides; their apical part 3 lin. long, erect, free, oblong-linear, obtuse OF
denticulate. Anther-appendages scarcely reaching to the apex abe
style, lanceolate, acute. Style not or scarcely exserted beyond the
coronal-lobes, apical part very stout, shortly conical, with an obtuse oF
truncate apex.
Marsdenia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 419
Upper Guinea. Lagos: Oyo, Burter, 3426! Millson! Sierra Leone : near
Bendembu, Scott-Elliot, 5651!
2. M Schimperi, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 616. A woody
‘climber, with pale brown bark; young parts closely subtomentose.
Leaves spreading; petiole {-1 in. long; blade 2-4 in. long, 1-2}
in. broad, ovate or elliptic-ovate, more or less abruptly acuminate,
broadly rounded at the base, tomentose or pubescent on the petioles
and veins on the underside, pubescent above on the veins and with
minute hairs sprinkled over the surface. Cymes lateral, pedunculate,
many-flowered, 1}—2 in. in expanse, about half as long as the leaves,
tomentose on all parts except the corolla; peduncles $—? in. long;
‘bracts about 1 lin. long, lanceolate or ovate, acute, deciduous ; pedicels
4-6 lin. long. Sepals 14-2 lin. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute.
Corolla-tube globose-campanulate, 14-14 lin. long, sparsely hairy
‘within ; lobes spreading, 23-34 lin. long, #-1 lin. broad, linear-oblong,
‘obtuse, more or less twisted, glabrous, minutely ciliate along one
margin at the apex. Coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, erect, lanceolate, acute,
their basal part adnate to the staminal-column, with thick free margins,
their apical half free, shorter than the anther-appendages. Staminal-
‘column, 14 lin. long, conical; anther-appendages very membranous,
more or less connate into a tube. Apical part of the style exserted 14
lin. beyond the anther-appendages, very slender, slightly tapering,
obtuse. Follicles 3 in. long, ? in. or more thick, ovate-lanceolate,
tapering gradually to an obtuse point, softly pubescent, probably fleshy
-or leathery when alive. Seeds 5 lin. long, 2} lin. broad, plano-convex,
with a narrow marginal wing, glabrous, light brown.—A. Rich. Tent.
Fl. Abyss. ii. 42; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 343; Martelli,
Florul. Bogos. 55; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz. 1892, 349 ;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 292. Cynanchum
Schimperi, Hochst. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 617. Gymnema ?
macrocarpum, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 43; Walp. Ann. iii. 62.
Traunia albiflora, K. Schum. in Notizbl. Kénigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
1895, 23; in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 326; and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 283, fig. 85, T-V, and 287.
Nile Land. Eritrea: Mount Alam Kale, Schweinfurth § Riva, 1626! near
Samhar, and from the River Amba to Monkullo, Penzig (ex Penzig); Keren,
Beccari, 292! Habab; Rora Azgede Mountains, Hildebrandt, 488 (ex Engler).
Abyssinia: near Gennia, Schimper, 260! Adowa, Quartin Dillon & Petit! Shireh;
Beless Plain, Quartin Dillon (drawing seen!); Shoa, Petit (ex Richard) ; Jenda,
Steudner, 260! Gafat, Steudner, 761 (ex Engler), and without precise locality,
Schimper, 1012! Quartin Dillon & Petit, 20!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 4600 ft.,
Volkens, 2110!
Vatke (in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr, 1876, 146) suggests that Gymnema macrocarpum,
A. Rich., may be the same as Astephanus Schimperi, Vatke (now Podostelma
Schimperi, K. Schum.), but an examination of Richard’s type made for me by
Mr. Burkill proves it to belong here.
420 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Marsdenia..
3. M. zambesiaca, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 338. Stem
twining, at first more or less puberulous, with the tips and unexpanded:
leaves reddish-tomentose, becoming glabrous, with a pale brown bark.
Leaves spreading; petiole }-1} in. long; blade 3-3} in. long, }-2}
in. broad, sublanceolate, ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, acute or
acuminate, often rather abruptly so, varying from cuneate to subcordate
at the base, quite glabrous on both sides when fully developed. Cymes
umbel-like, pedunculate, lateral at the nodes, several-flowered ; peduncles
4-4 in. long, rusty-pubescent or subtomentose ;_ bracts leafy, deciduous,.
4-4 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, oblanceolate or obovate, acute, glabrous ;
pedicels }—} in. long, reddish-pubescent. Sepals large, 24—44 lin. long,.
14-2 lin. broad, varying from oblong to elliptic-oblong, subacute, thin,
glabrous, very minutely ciliate. Corolla creamy-white; tube 14-1?
lin. long, campanulate ; lobes rotately spreading, 4 lin. long, 2 lin. broad,.
oblong, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous on the back, pubescent within,.
ciliolate along one margin. Coronal-lobes 1—2 lin. long, as long as or
slightly exceeding the staminal-column, reaching to the mouth of the
corolla-tube, linear-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, with
their free tips incurved over the apex of the style and with narrow
free margins to their adnate part. Anther-appendages deltoid-ovate,
acute or obtuse. Style truncate, with a convex disc at the apex.
Follicles abcut 3 in. long, 14 in. thick, ovoid, narrowed to an obtuse
point, somewhat fleshy, smooth, glabrous, olive-brown. — Dregew
macrantha, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 272; K. Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 460, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 326.
Periploca petersiana, Vatke in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. 1876, 147.
TT aedeagal Guinea. Angola: Amboella; by the River Kubango, 3200 ft., Baum,
OU.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Uhehe; by the River Lukosse, 2600 ft.,.
Goetze, 481 (ex K. Schumann). Portuguese East Africa: Raza Island, Forbes!
Lower Zambesi ; Tete, Kirk ! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Chiromo, Scott~
Elliot, 2791 (not 3791 as originally quoted)! Boruma on the Zambesi, Menyharth,
802! Ngamiland; Kwebe Hills, 3000-3500 ft., Lugard, 60! Mrs. Lugard,17!
Sir John Kirk states on his label that the flowers are “of a faint yellowish colour
aud have a most offensive smell, unlike anything else I know. If this remains mear
reed “ed a short time it produces pain in the forehead with all the feelings of cold in.
the head.”
_ 4. M. spissa, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1901, 260. A woody
climber or shrub; young shoots } in. or more in thickness, at first
reddish-puberulous or subtomentose, becoming glabrous. Leaves
rather ascending or spreading; petiole 3-1} in. long; blade 13-4
in. long, }-24 in. broad, ovate or elliptic-ovate, acuminate or cuspidate
into an obtuse point, varying from cuneately-rounded to subtruncate or
slightly emarginate at the base, at first with a reddish pubescence,
becoming glabrous on both sides. Cymes lateral or sublateral, peduncu-
late, subumbellately and densely many-flowered, minutely reddish-
tomentose on all parts except on the corolla; peduncles }-1 in. long +
bracts 1-3 lin, long, linear-oblong to oblanceolate, acute, deciduous }-
Marsdenia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 421
pedicels } in. long. Sepals 14 lin. long and nearly as broad, very
broadly ovate, acute. Corolla rotate-campanulate, 5-6 lin. in diam. ;
lobes 13-2} lin. long, 14 lin. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, very
obtuse, tomentose along the more or less revolute margins and at the
apex within. Coronal-lobes barely 1 lin. long, thick and fleshy,
obliquely truncate at the apex, arising from the base of the staminal-
‘column, adnate to it in their lower half, and a little shorter than it.
Anther-appendages inflexed or connivent over the shortly conical style-
apex. Follicles 3-34 in. long, 14-1} in. in diam., elongate-ovoid,
acuminate, with numerous broad frill-like wings.—Pterygocarpus
abyssinicus, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 78; Walp. Rep. vi. 491. Hoya
africana, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 639; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii.
46; Vatke in Linnea, xl. 217. Dregea africana, Martelli, Florul.
Bogos. 55; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz. 1892, 349. Dregea
abyssinica, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 326; and in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 293 and 294, fig. 90, B. D. rubicunda,
Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 693, not of K. Schum.
Upper Guinea. Lagos: Abeokuta, Barter, 3369 !
Nile Land. Eritrea: Ginda Valley, 2800-3300 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva,
2186! Keren, Beceari, 48! Galabat : region of Matamma, Schweinfurth, 239!
Abyssinia: near Sabra, Schimper, 1294! 1366! Medschara (Mejara) Region,
Schimper, 1573! and without precise locality, Quartin Dillon 4 Petit, 27!
Sennar: Fazokl, Kotschy, 566! Jur: Wau, Schweinfurth, 1696! British East
Africa: near Lake Marsabit, Zord Delamere! near Lake Baringo, 3400 ft.
Johnston !
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith! Angola: Cazengo; forests of
Muxaulo, Welwitsch, 4226! Libongo; forests by the River Litune, Welwitsch,
4227! Bumbo; in the Chella Mountains, Welwitsch, 4248! MHuilla; near the
Banza, Welwitsch, 4249!
Barter notes the flowers as cream-coloured, Welwitsch as greenish-yellow outside,
whitish inside.
5. M. rubicunda, V. £. Br. A stout woody climber, with the
tips of the shoots, young leaves, inflorescence (except the corolla), and
young fruit more or less covered with a salmon-red tomentum.
Leaves 11-3} in. long, }-3 in. broad, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, acute,
obtuse or subtruncate, apiculate, varying from broadly cuneate to cordate
at the base, glabrous or pulverulent beneath in the adult state. Cymes
asin M. abyssinica ; pedicels 3 lin. long. Sepals 1 lin. long, lin. broad,
elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, obtuse. Corolla about } in. in diam. ;
tube short, 1 lin. long; lobes rotate, 24 lin. long, 1-1} lin. broad, oblong,
obliquely retuse at the apex, glabrous on the back, pubescent within.
Coronal-lobes 14-13 lin. long, much longer than the staminal-column,
ovate, with broad free margins to the adnate part, tapering above
into free subulate or linear tips, that are incurved and acute,
emarginate or bifid at the apex, channelled down the face. Staminal-
column arising near the bottom of the corolla-tube, 1-14 lin. long;
anther-appendages ovate, acute, inflexed over the convex apex of the
style. Follicles 3-3} in. long, lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point,
broadly 4-winged; Wings more or less crenate or obtusely toothed.
422 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Marsdenia.
Seeds 5 lin. long, 34 lin. broad, ovate, concavc-convex, brown, with a
yellow-brown marginal wing, glabrous.—Dregea rubicunda, K. Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 147; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 326, t. 39, figs.
A—H ; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 293, 294, fig. 90, A; and
in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 43.
Wile Land. Somaliland: Ogaden; from Sassaber to Pozzi di Carbadani,
Riva, 972 (285), Robecchi-Bricchetti, 122, 125, 129, 331, and by the River Dana
(Dana ?) Riva, 473 (all ex Schumann). Meshra, on the Gazelle River, Schwein-
Surth, 1255! Darfur, Purdy, 67! Denka: near Lao, Schweinfurth, sér. iii. 33 (ex
Schumann). Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 2024! and 1944 (ex Schumann).
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara, Bombuera, Holst, 2195!
Muo, Holst, 3041! Tanga, Volkens, 154!
The follicles of this plant are very similar to those of MZ. floribunda, N. E. Br-
(Dregea floribunda, E. Meyer).
6. M. umbellifera, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii, 460. A
woody bush 3-6 ft. high, of compact habit ; young branches tomentose,.
becoming glabrous. Leaves chiefly near the ends of the branches,
thin ; petiole 2-4 lin. long, tomentose; blade somewhat rhomboid or
sublanceolate, broadest at the middle, narrowed in a curved line to an.
obtuse or subacute apex, cuneately tapering to an acute base, thinly
covered with minute pubescence on both sides. Umbels sublateral at
the upper nodes, very shortly pedunculate, 3—8-flowered; peduncle
3-1} lin. long, tomentose ; pedicels 314 lin. long, tomentose. Sepals
% lin. long, 3-4 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, acute, subtomentose. Corolla
glabrous outside; tube 3-1 lin. long, cylindric-campanulate, about # lin.
in diam., with ten tufts of deflexed hairs in a ring at the middle, and
bearded with long deflexed hairs at the mouth; lobes 1 lin. long, } lin.
broad, linear, obtuse, puberulous on the inner face. Coronal-lobes
$ lin. long, erect, not quite reaching to the tips of the anther-append-
ages ; basal half adnate, rectangular in transverse section, not winged ;
upper half free, linear, acute, membranous. Staminal-column }$ lin.
long ; anther-appendages lanceolate, acute, erect around the base of
the terminal part of the style, which is produced much beyond them
into a filiform beak 1} lin. long.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Uhehe; by the Lukoma River (on
the dry Steppe, 2600 ft., ex Schumann), Goetze, 478!
7. M. Taylori, Schlechter &: Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 100.
Stem twining, ? lin. thick, glabrous; internodes 6-8 in. long. _Leaves-
opposite, spreading, herbaceous, rather thin, glabrous ; petiole 7-9 lin.
long ; blade 4—44 in. long, 2 in. broad, elliptic-ovate, shortly acuminate,
broadly cuneate.at the base. Cymes from both axils, about 7-9 lin. in
diam., rather dense, many-flowered ; peduncles 2-4 lin. long, glabrous;
bracts }-} lin. long, suborbicular, glabrous, ciliate ; pedicels 1-1} lin.
long, glabrous. Sepals 3 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse, glabrous,
minutely ciliate. Corolla urceolate, glabrous outside, densely bearded
with white hairs at the mouth of the tube and with 5 tufts of deflexed
hairs within ; tube 1} lin. long, about 1 lin. in diam. at the broadest
Marsdenia.]| LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 423
part ; lobes % lin. long, } lin. broad, erect, oblong-ovate, obtuse and
slightly emarginate at the apex, glabrous. Coronal-lobes 1-1 lin. long,
arising at the base of and about as long as the pollen-bearing part of
the anthers, erect, thin in the dried state, closely applied to the backs
of the anthers and easily overlooked. Staminal-column arising from
the base of the corolla, 1 lin. long; filament part 2 lin. long, rather
stout ; anthers erect, subquadrate in the adnate basal part, which has
very small projecting horny wings; pollen-bearing part free, oblong,
terminated by short oblong-lanceolate acute connivent membranous
appendages exceeding the coronal-lobes. Style not produced beyond
the anther-appendages ; terminal part conical, acute.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Rabai Hills, near Mombasa, Taylor !
This species is very distinct from all the other African members of the genus,
and may: be best likened to M. verruculosa, Decne., from Madagascar, from which it
differs in its foliage and distinct filamental part to the staminal-column.
8. M. efulensis, V. EF. Br. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2497. Stem
twining, woody, glabrous. Leaves distant; petiole 1-14 in. long;
blade 3-44 in. long, 14-2} in. broad, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly
cuspidate-acute, with a cusp about } in. long, rounded at the base,
glabrous on both sides. Cymes umbel-like, sessile, axillary and from
both axils of each pair of leaves, 10-12-flowered ; pedicels 6-8 lin.
long, slender, very minutely asperate, or almost glabrous. Sepals
elliptic-ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, with a few minute hairs on the back.
Corolla subrotate; tube $—} lin. long, broadly campanulate ; lobes
1}—1? lin. long, 1 lin. broad, widely spreading, ovate, obtuse, glabrous
outside, puberulous within, green. Coronal-lobes 1} lin. long, erect,
overtopping the staminal-column, and adnate to it at their lower part,
free above, concave on the back and winged on each side at the base,
the middle part laterally compressed into a broad oblong wing-like
gibbosity at the middle, and the apex abruptly contracted into a subulate
point, glabrous. Staminal-column 1 lin. long ; anthers oblong, erect,
with broadly ovate membranous appendages incumbent on the very
convex or shortly conical style-apex.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Efulen, Bates, 378!
9. M. angolensis, V. Z. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 258. Stem
twining, slender, with a short soft dense pubescence, mingled with long
spreading hairs. Leavesspreading; petiole 1-1} in. long, pubescent like
the stem; blade 2-3 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, cordate-ovate, acuminate,
pubescent above, subtomentose beneath. Cymes subaxillary, subsessile,
about 14-1} in. long and 2-3 in. in expanse, lax, composed of 2-3
primary branches, which are once or twice dichotomously divided, each
division terminating in an umbel of 10-14 flowers, softly pubescent on
all parts ; pedicels 4-5 lin. long. Sepals ?-1 lin. long, }—% lin. broad,
obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, very obtuse. Corolla retrorsely
pubescent outside ; tube 14-2 lin. long, campanulate, retrorsely pubes-
cent within ; lobes 3-1 lin. long, spreading, elliptic-oblong, very obtuse,
fleshy, glabrous on the inner face. Coronal-lobes us long as the staminal-
424 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Marsdenia.
column, 14 lin.long,somewhat compressed, adnate in the lower half, which
is deeply grooved on the back, with slightly spreading wing-like sides ;
apical half free, linear-oblong, obtuse or acute, slightly concave on the
inner face, incurved over the backs of the anthers and apex of the style.
Anther-appendages } lin. long, deltoid or ovate, acute, free, connivent
around the stout subhemispherical apex of the style, which does not
exceed them in length.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 692.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in thickets in the Presidium at
Cambondo, Welwitsch, 4245! Huilla; in woods to the west of Lopollo, 5200 ft.,
Welwitsch, 4250!
10. M. leonensis, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 455. Stem twining,
minutely puberulous, slender. Leaves spreading or deflexed ; petiole
1-1} in. long; blade 3-4 in. long, 14-1? in. broad, cordate-oblong,
abruptly acuminate into an acute point 4-4 in. long, glabrous on both
sides. Cymes subaxillary, 3in. long, pedunculate, two-branched, puber-
ulous; branches }-4 in. long, bearing several flowers racemosely
arranged ; bracts minute; pedicels 14-2 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals
barely 1 lin. long, elliptic or orbicular, very obtuse, puberulous. Corolla
glabrous outside; tube } lin. long, broadly campanulate, with long
retrorse white hairs within, and 5 tufts of similar hairs on minute tuber-
cles at the sinuses of the corolla-lobes, which are as long as the tube,
ovate, subacute. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of and a little shorter
than the ? lin. long staminal-column, adnate at their basal half to the
column and dorsally produced into dark-coloured ascending tooth-like
tubercles, which are grooved behind, distinctly confluent at their base
and reach up between the pairs of anther-wings to their middle or a
little beyond; their apical half free, subulate, acute, white, erect,
applied to the backs of the anthers. Staminal-column with the filament
part undeveloped, and the anther-wings extending nearly to its base;
anther-appendages ovate-oblong, obtuse, longer than broad, incumbent
on the short conical style-apex, which they cover.—Walp. Ann. iii. 61.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Vogel!
_ 11. M. glabriflora, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 455. A woody
climber, with hollow glabrous stems. Leaves spreading ; petiole 4-1}
in. long; blade 14-3 in. long, 3-14 in. broad, oblong-ovate, acuminate,
cordate at the base, with a broad open sinus and rounded lobes, glabrous
on both sides. Inflorescence terminal and subaxillary on the lateral
shoots, cymose or cymose-paniculate ; flowers small, racemosely arranged
and rather crowded on the short puberulous branches; pedicels 1-1}
lin. long, puberulous. Sepals 4-2 lin. long, elliptic or orbicular-ovate,
obtuse, sparsely puberulous, ciliolate. Corolla 1-1} lin. long, glabrous
inside and out, or with here and there a hair in the campanulate tube ;
lobes as long as the tube, deltoid-ovate, acute. Corolla-lobes not quite
reaching to the tops of the 2 lin. long staminal-column ; basal part
adnate, fleshy, grooved behind ; apical half free, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
applied to the backs of the anthers. Anther-appendages short, some.
what inrolled over the tips of the anthers and resting on the margin ©
Marsdenia. | LXXXY. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 425
the hemispherical style-apex, which is slightly raised above them.—
Walp. Ann. iii. 61.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Vogel !
Var. orbicularis, N. E. Br. Sepals glabrous, The free apical part of the
-coronal-lobes orbicular, obtuse, Follicles 3 in. long and about 3 in, thick, but un-
ripe, lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, glabrous. All the rest as in the type.
Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria: River Bonny, Mann !
12. M. racemosa, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 147. A
vigorous climber with milky juice ; flowering part of the stem 1-2 lin.
thick, terete, hollow, and together with the petioles, nerves of the leaves
beneath, and all parts of the inflorescence (except the corolla) more or
less pubescent with short curved hairs, densest on the inflorescence.
Leaves spreading; petiole 3-5 in. long; blade 14-5 in. long, 1-4} in.
broad, broadly cordate-ovate, cuspidate-acuminate ; basal sinus varying
from narrow to broad and open; both sides sprinkled with short hairs or
glabrous except on the nerves beneath; veins conspicuously reticulate
beneath. Panicles cymose, lateral, 14-8 in. long, including the 4-3
in. long peduncle, formed of 2—5 alternate branches $4} in. long, each
‘with numerous 2-4-flowered fascicles of small flowers racemosely
scattered along them; pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Sepals }—? lin. long,
elliptic, obtuse. Corolla 24-3 lin. in diam., 5-lobed to below the
middle, rotate, yellow; lobes 1-1} lin. long, oblong-ovate, subacute,
glabrous outside, retrorsely and sparsely pubescent with fine silky hairs
on the basal part within. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the
staminal-column, shorter than the anthers, their basal part adnate to
‘the column, and dorsally produced into radiating tubercles that are
grooved behind or beneath and somewhat compressed into a ridge above,
their apical part free, erect, subulate, acute, applied to the backs of the
anthers. Style convex at the apex, slightly exceeding the anther-
appendages, which are incumbent upon it. Staminal-column (including
the style) ? lin. long.—Durand and Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo. i. 194 ;
‘Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 692. M. latifolia, Schlechter, Westafr.
Kautschuk-Exped. 309. Gongronema latifolium, Benth. in Hook. Niger
Fl. 456; Walp. Ann. iii. 62; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 236.
Upper Guinea. (Gold Coast: Kwabu, 2000 ft., Johnson, 649! Togo,
Baumann, 465! Lagos : Ikoradu, Schlechter, 13000; interior, Rowland !
Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Don! Gaboon: near Libreville,
Schlechter, 12823. Angola: Golungo Alto; forests of the higher mountains of
"Queta, Welwitsch, 4228!
South Central. Lunda: Lulua River, Pogge, 1249!
The Angolan specimens have smaller leaves and panicles, probably caused by the
drier climate, but show no other difference.
13. M. profusa, WV. H. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 258. A
vigorous climber, with a hollow glabrous stem. Leaves thin ; petiole
1-2 in. long; blade 3—5 in. long, 2-3} in. broad, elliptic-cordate, cusp1-
date or acuminate, with a cusp } in. long, glabrous on both sides ; basal
dobes broadly rounded, sometimes overlapping, with a narrow sinus j in.
426 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE& (BROWN). [ Marsdenia..
deep between them; veins conspicuously reticulate beneath. Panicles
5-8 in. long, lateral, composed of 3—5 distant simple alternate (uni-
lateral ?) branches 14-24 in. long, bearing several sessile umbels of
small white flowers scattered along them, minutely and sparsely puberu-.
lous ; pedicels 1{-1} lin. long, puberulous. Sepals } lin. long, and
nearly as broad, broadly elliptic, obtuse, very minutely ciliate. Corolla
rotate-campanulate, 11 lin. in diam., 5-lobed to 2 the way down ; lobes
9
”4
= lin. long, ovate, acute, glabrous. Coronal-lobes arising from near the
base of the staminal-column, erect, free, closely applied to the backs of
‘the anthers, and subinflexed over their tips, flat, oblong, subacute ; no
tubercular dilatations at the base of the staminal-column, which is barely
4 lin. long and is almost destitute of the filamental portion ; anther-
wings nearly touching the bottom of the corolla.
Upper Guinea. Southern N igeria : Brass, Barter, 16!
“Twining on shrubs and trees, with a profusion of white flowers,” Barter.
40. PERGULARIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 773.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube inflated at the base 3.
lobes overlapping to the left and straight or twisted in bud. Corona of
5 erect lobes arising from the base of the staminal-column and adnate
to it in their lower part, free above, with a narrow or subulate process
on their face. Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla 5.
anthers oblong, erect, with long erect membranous appendages connl-
vent over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses solitary in each anther-
cell, erect, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by very short
caudicles. Style not exceeding the anther-appendages, apical part
stout, pentagonal-ovoid. Follicles smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft
of hairs.—Stem twining. Leaves opposite. Flowers of moderate size,
numerous, in pedunculate or subsessile umbel-like cymes, subaxillary or
lateral between the bases of the petioles.
Species several, mostly Indian and Malayan, 1 in Tropical Africa, which also
extends into South Africa.
1. P. africana, V. LE. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 259. Stem
climbing, slender, glabrous. Leaves spreading, thin; petiole 3-3 ne
long ; blade 2-4 in, long, 1-3 in. broad, ovate-oblong to very broadly
ovate, shortly cuspidate into an obtuse point, varying from rounded to
cordate or occasionally cuneate-acute at the base, both sides glabrous oF
sparsely and minutely puberulous above. Umbels lateral or son
many-flowered; peduncles 0-5 lin. long, minutely puberulous or sud-
glabrous; bracts minute, ovate; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, andre
Sepals 14-2 lin, long, lanceolate or ovate, acute, glabrous, pyran:
ciliate. Corolla yellow ; tube 3-4 lin. long, globose-inflated in a
lower half, constricted above, somewhat plicate, glabrous outside, inst
densely hairy at the throat and in the upper half, glabrous with 5 lines 0
hairs alternating with the corunal-lobes in the lower half ; lobes 33-6 lin-
long, 3 lin. broad, linear, obtuse, very spreading, reflexed or revolute,
Pergularia. LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE® (BROWN). 427°
g
and sometimes twisted, shortly villous or bearded on their face, twisted
to the right in bud. Coronal-lobes adnate for } of their length to the
staminal-column at the base, expanded above into an elliptic-lanccolate,
orbicular-obovate or obovate-oblong blade 1-1# lin. long, obtuse, sub-
truncate and subdenticulate or subacute at the apex, with a linear or
lanceolate-attenuate acute process 1 lin. long, arising at or a little above
the middle of their inner face and connivent over the staminal-column.
Anther-appendages {—1 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, connivent.
Style much shorter than the anther-appendages, apical part ovoid,
obtuse.—P. sanguinolenta, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser, 2, Bot. iv.
29, and K. Schum. in Engl]. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 326, not of Lindley.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Kafogo, Scott-Elliot, 5489! woods about
Bufodeya, Scott-Elliot, 5498! 5553! Lagos: interior, Rowland! jaye, Barter,.
3332! Nizer Territory: Nupe, Barter! Old Calabar, Thomson, 113!
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Zomba, Whyte !
Also in Natal.
41. FOCKEA, Endl. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 773.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube very short; lobes spreading, over-
lapping to the left or twisted in bud. Corona arising at the mouth of
the corolla-tube at the insertion of the staminal-column and longer than
it, tubular, toothed at the top and with teeth on the inner face of the
tube, which are arranged in 2 distinct superposed series of 5, or the
lower series dorsally adnate to the upper series so as to appear as one
series of unequally bifid teeth, opposite to or alternating with the
longer teeth of the tube, decurrent on the lower part of the tube as 5
prominent keels or 5 pairs of keels. Staminal-column inserted in the
throat or at the mouth of the corolla-tube ; anthers erect, triangular,
their appendages very large, erect, membranous, inflated. Pollen-
masses erect, solitary in each anther-cell, very flat and thin, sessile in
pairs at the apex of the minute pollen-carriers. Style produced to
about the level of the top of the anther-cells; terminal part terete or
thickened aid somewhat 2-lobed at the apex. Follicles not echinate.
Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs.—Perennials with large tuberous
rootstocks and twining stems. Leaves opposite. Flowers in axillary
clusters, cymes, or very short dense racemes.
Species few, some of them natives of South Africa.
This genus is very remarkable on account of the large inflated anther-appendages
and the flat thin pollen-masses. It appears to form a connecting link between the
tribes Secamonee and Marsdeniee.
Flowers in corymb-like cymes; pedicels 2-7 lin.
long.
ate nbe glabrous within, subacute.
Corolla-lobes finely pubescent within, obtuse .
Flowers in axillary clusters or very shortly and densely
spicate ; pedicels not more than 3 lin. leng.
Corolla-lobes 3-33 lin. long . 3 :
Corolla-lobes 5—7 lin. long
. F. multiflora.
. F. Schinzii.
doe
. F. sessiliflora.
. F. Lugardi.
em CO
428 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Fockea.
1. F. multiflora, A. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 145. Stems
not manifestly twining, rather stout, sparsely leafy or leafless during
flowering, pubescent on the young parts; bark brown. Leaves densely
tomentose on both sides; petiole 3-44 lin. long; blade 3-2 in. long,
3-3 in. broad, ovate, acute, truncate or subcordate at the base. Cymes
‘corymb-like, many-flowered, axillary ; peduncles 4—} in. long; pedicels
43~7 lin. long, subtomentose. Sepals 14 lin. long, pubescent. Corolla
glabrous on both sides or most minutely papillate (not pubescent) within ;
tube ? lin. long; lobes 3} lin. long, rotate, oblong, subacute, revolute
along the margins. Corona 20-toothed, besides the teeth within; tube
1 lin. long; the 5 longer teeth 14-14 lin. long, spirally coiled at the tips,
each alternating with a group of 3 shorter recurved teeth 4—4 lin. long ;
teeth within the tube 5, filiform, 3-1 lin. long, with or without a very
short or rudimentary tooth at about their middle on the dorsal side,
adnate nearly to the top of the tube, forming 5 keels on the lower part
of the latter. Anther-appendages large, inflated-oblong. Style with
2 rounded knobs at its apex. K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 326,
and in Engl. and Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iv. ii. 294, fig. 90, P-U, and 296.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Uzinja; near the French Mission at
Usambiro, Stuhlmann, 848!
In this species and in F. Schinzii, N. E. Br., the inner or lower coronal teeth
‘within the tube are longer than those next above, which are adnate to them for the
-greater part of their length.
2. F. Schinzii, V. £. Br. in Kew Builetin, 1895, 259. Stem
twining, rather stout, 1-1 in. thick, with a brown bark and small
scattered tubercles at the lenticels, shrivelling in drying, minutely and
densely pubescent or subtomentose on the young shoots, becoming
glabrous, leafless at the time of flowering. Undeveloped leaves accom-
panying the flowers 24~3 lin. long, 1-14 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse,
densely tomentose; midrib very prominent beneath; petioles 1-13 lin.
long ; scars of the fallen leaves very large. Cymes corymb-like, axillary,
or terminal on very short lateral shoots or tubercles, rather dense and
compact or shortly panicled, many-flowered, pedunculate ; the whole
inflorescence 1-3 in. long, hoary-tomentose on all parts except the
corolla; pedicels 2-5 lin. long. Sepals 1-1} lin. long, ovate, acute.
Corolla 6-7 lin. in diam.; tube 1 Ln. long; lobes 34-4 lin. long,
narrowly oblong, obtuse, with revolute margins, glabrous on the back,
finely pubescent all over the inner surface. Corona 20-toothed besides
the teeth within; tube 1 lin. long; 5 principal teeth 3—} lin. long,
erect, not spirally coiled at the tips, each alternating with a group of 3
shorter recurved teeth 1-1 lin. long; teeth within the tube in 5 super
posed pairs adnate nearly to the top of the tube and to each other,
forming 5 prominent keels, the outer or upper tooth of each pair 7:
lin. long, inner or lower tooth 4-3 lin. long. Anther-appendages about
as long as the corona-tube, erect, inflated-ovate. Style not exceeding
the anther-cells; apical part terete, subentire or minutely 2—5-lobulate
at the apex. Follicles 8-9 in. long, 1 in. thick, lanceolate-fusiform,
acuminate into a beak, smooth, glabrous, with a keel down each side.
Fockea.} SLXXXV. ASCLEPIADE& (BROWN). 429
Seeds 5 lin. long, } in. broad, ovate, concavo-convex, margined,
glabrous, pale yellowish-brown.—/’. multiflora, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl.
Welw. i. 693, not of K. Schum.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Bumbo; in Matas de Unteate, between Bumbo and
Bruco; Welwitsch, 4194! German South-west Africa: Amboland ; Ombanja,
Schinz, 5!
3. F. sessiliflora, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xx. Beibl. 51, 44.
Stem woody, glabrous, Leaves erect or somewhat spreading, 3-1} in.
long, 4—7 lin. broad, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, acute, narrowed
into the very short petiole, usually revolute or undulate along the-
margins, glabrous. Flowers few, sessile, clustered in the axils of the
leaves. Sepals lanceolate-triangular, much shorter than the corolla,.
thinly puberulous, mealy. Corolla-lobes 3-3} lin. long, slightly spread-
ing, linear-ligulate, obtuse, flexuose, thinly puberulous on both sides.
Outer corona tubular, with 5 short trifid lobes, the lateral teeth of
which are rather shorter than the middle tooth; median coronal-lobes
filiform, erect, adnate far up the outer corona-tube and half longer than
it, with the inflexed margins below the middle forming 10 parallel
keels; inner coronal-lobes opposite those of the median corona and half’
as long, scarcely equalling the tube of the outer corona to which they
are adnate high up. Anther-appendages lanceolate, obtuse, 3-4 times.
as long as the anthers.
Mozamb. Dist. Transvaal: near Klipdam, 4500 ft. Schlechter, 4493,
This locality is just south of the Tropic of Capricorn, but in all probability the
plant will be found to occur in the tropical part of the Transvaal. Schlechter
regards the superposed teeth within the coronal-tube as belonging to 2 distinct
coronal whorls ; I regard them as mere appendages of one, such as occur in Cynan-
chum, Schizoglossum, and Asclepias.
4. F. Lugardi, V. #. Br. Stem creeping on rocks, under 1 ft.
high (Lugard), probably also twining, 7-1 lin. thick, puberulous on the
young parts, becoming glabrous. Leaves large, spreading; petiole
13-2 lin. long; blade 1-34 in. long, 4-1 in. broad, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse or acute, more or less cuneate at the base, flat,.
glabrous on both sides. Inflorescence axillary, subsessile or shortly
pedunculate, spicate ; axis stout, 2-6 lin. long (including the peduncle) ;.
flowers subsessile, densely crowded, developing successively; bracts
minute, ovate, subtomentose ; pedicels about 4 lin. long, subtomentose.
Sepals 4 lin. long, elongate-deltoid, acute, subtomentose, Corolla
green, subtomentose outside, minutely puberulous on the basal part of
the lobes inside, otherwise glabrous ; tube about } lin. long, broadly
funnel-shaped ; lobes spreading, much twisted in bud, 5-7 lin. long,
#-1 lin. broad at the base, narrowly linear, obtuse ; margins strongly
reflexed or revolute. Corona tubular, with about 20 unequal teeth.
besides the teeth within; tube 14-1} lin. long; 5 longer teeth ?-1
lin. long, linear, acute, bifid or irregularly denticulate at the apex,
with a small subulate inflexed tooth on each side inside the base,
alternating with 1 or more minute irregular teeth; teeth within the-
430 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Fockea.
tube 10, in two superposed series alternating with the longer teeth of
the tube, upper series arising near the top of the tube and decurrent as
keels within it, 1}-1} lin. long, linear, thicker than the teeth of the
tube; lower series arising near the middle of the tube 4 lin. long.
Staminal-column with scarcely any filament-part; anther-appendages
large, about 3 times as long as the anthers, reaching slightly beyond the
middle of the corona-tube, inflated-oblong, obtuse.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland; on the Kwebe Hills,
3000 ft., Lugard, 299!
42, LEPTADENTIA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 778.
Calyx 5-lobed to the middle or nearly to the base. Corolla deeply
5-lobed, rotate or with a very short campanulate tube and spreading
lobes, valvate in bud, pubescent or bearded within. Corona of 5 short,
transverse or rounded, fleshy lobes, tipped with a tuft of hairs, or with
a subulate hairy point, inserted at the sinuses of the corolla. Staminal-
column arising from the bottom of the corolla, sometimes with a slightly
prominent inconspicuous undulate fleshy ring at the base; anthers
incumbent on the top of the style, subhorizontal or suberect, without
anappendage. Pollen-massessubhorizontal or suberect, solitary in each
anther-cell, pellucid at the apex, attached in pairs by short caudicles to.
the pollen-carriers. Follicles smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of
hairs.—Shrubs, with twining or erect, rigid, much branched, rush-like
stems. Leaves opposite or none, very variable in the same species.
Cymes umbel-like, lateral between the bases of the leaves or
subaxillary, subsessile or pedunculate, many-flowered ; flowers small.
Species 5 or 6 ; one of the African species extends through Egypt into Arabia
and India, besides 1 other in India and 1 in Madagascar.
Leafy twiners.
Corolla-lobes 2-2} lin. long, densely bearded inside
with long jointed hairs. G 5 : . 1. LZ. lancifolia.
Corolla-lobes 1-14 lin. long, pubescent inside . 2, L. heterophylla.
Leafless shrubs.
Branches terete, slender 5 3 A . 8. ZL. Spartium.
Branches compressed, jointed : = ‘ . 4, L.? visciformis.
1. L. lancifolia, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 sér. ix. 269, Stem
twining, densely covered with a very minute tomentum. Leaves
spreading ; petiole 1-3 in. long; blade 1-5 in. long, 4-1} in. broad,
very variable in form, usually ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, and cuneate, rounded or subcordate at the base, but
sometimes subhastate-ovate or linear-oblong or linear, with a cordate,
subhastate or rounded base, all forms occurring on different branches
of the same stem, both sides puberulous, sometimes becoming glabrous
on the upper surface, sometimes both sides become more or less s¢a-
brous. Umbels lateral, pedunculate, many-flowered, minutely tomen-
tose in all parts; peduncles 2-7 lin. long; pedicels 14-3 lin. long.
Calyx 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 1-2 lin. long. Corolla campanu-
Leptadenia. } LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 431
late or rotate-campanulate; tube 1 lin. long; lobes 2-2} lin. long,
twisted, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, more or less reflexed
along the margins, minutely tomentose and green outside, densely
bearded inside with long jointed white hairs on the apical 3, pubescent
on the basal part, except a narrow glabrous space up the middle.
Coronal-lobes inserted at the sinuses of the corolla, 3-1} lin. long,
fleshy, ovate or rounded and glabrous at the base, contracted into a subu-
late hairy point }—1 lin. long. Follicles 3-4 in. long, lanceolate,
attenuate into an obtuse beak, smooth, glabrous.—DC. Prod. viii. 628,
incl. var. scabra, Decne.; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 44; Hook.
Niger Fl, 456. Z. hastatum, Decne. in DC. Prod, viii. 551. LZ. hastata,
Vatke in Linnea, xl. 217; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C. 327,
and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 269, fig. 79, E-F, and 270.
L. cordata, Hochst. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. vill. 628. Cynanchum
lancifolium, and C. scabrum, Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI.
150, 152. Tylophora incana, Brunner in Flora, 1840, ii. Beibl. 26.
T. syringefolia, Spruner ex Walp. Rep. vi. 491 (a false reference to
T. incana, Brunner), not of E. Meyer.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: near Richard Toll, Dollinger ! neat Lampsar,
Roger ! by the River Salum, Brunner, 158! Gold Coast: Accri, Brown, 309!
Lagos: Oyo, Barter, 3336! Millson, 90! interior, Rowland! Guinea, Thonning !
Bornu: Kuka, on Lake Chad, Vogel, 25!
North Central. Darfur, Purdy, 78!
Nile Land. Sennar, Kotschy, 405! Fazokl, Kotschy, 559! Kordofan,
Pfund, 451! 745! Abyssinia: near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 626! and without pre-
cise locality, Schimper, 954! White Nile: at Fashoda, Schweinfurth, 1075!
Upper Nile, Freeman & Lucas, 87! Gondokoro, Muriel, 8, 90! Madi, Speke &
Grant, 749!
The variety scabra, Decne., is a condition with scabrous leaves, but sometimes
scabrous leaves and the ordinary puberulous leaves occur on tlie same stem,
Cynanchum hastatum, Pers, Syn. i. 273, and C. lanceolatum, Poir. Encycl.
Suppl. ii. 430, Roem. & Schult Syst. vi. 111, are referred by Decaisne to this
species, but I doubt if the identification is correct, as Persoon describes the flowers
as subsessile, which they are not in this plant ; Poiret does not appear to have seen
Persoon’s specimen, but has merely copied his description and changed the name.
2. L. heterophylla, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 sér. ix. 270.
Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves very variable; petiole }~1} in. long ;
blade 3-3 in. long, 4-2 in. broad, sometimes linear or linear-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, with a hastate base and rounded auricles, but
usually varying from lanceolate or ovate and acuminate at the apex, to
elliptic, obtuse and apiculate or acute at the apex, cuneate, rounded,
subtruncate or cordate at the base, glabrous on both sides. Umbels
subaxillary, sometimes two from the same node, pedunculate, several-.
flowered; peduncles 2-7 lin. long, glabrous; pedicels 3-4 lin. long,
minutely puberulous. Calyx campanulate, % lin. long, puberulous,
5-lobed to half-way down; lobes ovate, acute. Corolla 2-2} lin. in
diam, ; tube as long as the calyx; lobes 1-1} lin. long, very spreading,
oblong-ovate or linear-lanceolate, subacute, somewhat keeled on the
apical half, slightly reflexed along the margins, canescent on the back,
432 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Leptadenia.
pubescent on the face, except a median depressed glabrous line at their
base. Coronal-lobes inserted at the sinuses of the corolla, minute,
fleshy, rounded, glabrous, dorsally tipped with a tuft of rather
long hairs. Follicles solitary, 21-3 in. long, 4-5 lin. thick, lanceolate,
obtusely acuminate, smooth, glabrous. Seeds 24-3 lin. long, narrowly
ovate-lanceolate, concave-convex, glabrous.—DC. Prod. viii. 628;
Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 270, and in Ann. Instit. Bot. Roma, vii. 41. ZL. Forskalii,
Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 sér. ix, 269, t. 10, fig. B., and in DC. Prod.
viii. 628; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 45; Vatke in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr.
1876, 146; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 270.
L. abyssinica, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 628 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.
ii. 45; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz. 1892, 349; K.Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 270; Martelli, Florul. Bogos. 55.
L. Delilii, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 628. Z. pallida, Hochst., and
L. schimperiana, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101. Cynanchum hetero-
phyllum, Delile, Cent. Plant. Afr. Voy. Meroe, 47, t. 63, fig. 4.
North Central. Darfur, Purdy, 79!
Wile Land. Eritrea: Shotel, on the slopes of the Zedamba, Beccari, 105!
Abyssinia : by the River Tacazze, Schimper, 166! 632! near Geleb and at the:
torrents Belta and Lava, Penzig (ex Penzig); Modat Province, Schimper, 1007 !
Somak, Efat, Roth, 411! Somaliland, Miss Cole! Riva, 1038, and Robecchi-
Bricchetti, 327 (ex Schumann). Sennar, Kotschy, 169! White Nile: at the
6th Cataraet, Schweinfurth, 469! at Kirreh, Schweinfurth, 609! near Khartoum,
Schweinfurth, 768! between New and Old Dongola, Bromfield ! Wod Schellai,.
Sehweinfurth, 934! Blue Nile: near Snba Deleib, Wuriel, L, 9!
This plant was figured by Alpino in 1592 (Pl. Hgypt. 53, with fig), under the
name of Secamone, which figure has been erroneously referred to Secamone Alpint,
Schultes, and Oxystelma Alpini, Deene., which see.
3. L. Spartium, Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 48. A much branched
leafless bush (rarely with leaves on the young shoots), attaining a height
of 5-10 ft. ; trunk 4—6 in. thick ; branches erect, slender, terete, straight,
puberulous on the tips of the growing shoots, soon becoming glabrous ;,
1-2 nodes at the growing apex alone provided with minute subulate
teaves 1-2 lin. long, which soon fall away, or rarely remain on the young
shoots and grow out to 1-2 in. long, 4-14 lin. broad, linear, acute.
Umbels subaxillary, several-flowered ; flowers successively developing S°
that a short floral axis up to 2 lin. long is sometimes formed ; peduncles
1-2 lin. long; pedicels 1-1 lin. long, puberulous, Calyx # lin. long,
5-lobed to the middle, puberulous ; lobes ovate, subacute. Corolla 2-24
lin. in diam., subrotate; tube funnel-shaped, as long as the calyx ; lobes.
1 lin. long, ovate, acute, thickened in the apical half, slightly reflexed
along the margins, glabrous outside, pubescent inside, with the tube and
a central line at the base of the lobes glabrous. Coronal-lobes at the
sinuses of the corolla very small, fleshy, tubercle-like or semicircu’a?,
pubescent at the apex; staminal-corona minute, annular, close to the
base of the 4 lin. long staminal-column. Follicles 34-4} in. long, Zin
thick, terete, attenuate intoa long beak. Seeds 4 lin. long, 1-1} lin.
Leptadenia.} LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEA (BROWN). 438
broad, narrowly lancevlate, plano-convex, glabrous.—Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii. 629 ; Hook. f. Fl, Brit. Ind. iv. 64. Z. gracilis, Decne., L.
pyrotechnica, Decne., and L. jacquemontiana, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2
sér. ix, 269-270, and in DC. Prod. viii. 629; K.Schum. in Ann. Istit.
Bot. Roma, vii. 41. L. jacquemontiana, Hook. Ic, Pl. ix. t. 838. L.
gracilis and L. pyrotechnica, K.Schum. in Engl. and Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
lv. ii, 269, fig. 79A and D, excl. B-C, and 270, Cynanchum pyro-
technicum, Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. 53; Delile, Descrip. de Egypt.
Hist. Nat. ii. 54, t. 20, fig. 8. Sarcostemma pyrotechnicum, Roem, and
Schult. Syst. vi. 116. Microloma pyrotechnicum, Spreng. Syst. i. 855.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger! Heudelot, 482!
Worth Central. Kanem: Tiboo country, Vogel !
Nile Land. Nubia, Bromfield! Bent! Speke & Grant, 775! between
Snakin and Berber, Schweinfurth 460! sér. iii. 35! Kordofan: Wadi Hawai, Pfund,
397! Sherkela, Muriel, L,125! Somaliland: from Res (Ras ?) es Sogair to Berbera,
Robeechi-Bricchetti, 322 (ex Schumann).
Extends through Arabia into the drier parts of India.
4. L.? visciformis, Vatke in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. 1876, 146. A
leafless much branched shrub, 3 ft. high ; branches and branchlets short,
crowded, subvirgate, compressed, jointed. Leaves reduced to sheath-like
scales surrounding the nodes. Flowers unknown. Follicles mentioned,
but not described.
Wile Land. British Somaliland: Ahl Mountains, near Maid, Hildebrandt,
1432.
1 have not seen this plant. Vatke states that it may be a species of Periploca,
which recalls to mind by its habit some of the Asiatic species of Viscum.
43. ORTHANTHERA, Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 48.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube elongated, more or less inflated
at the base, often with the inflation extending between the
sepals into 5 blunt angles; lobes 5, erect or spreading, valvate in
bud. Corona arising at or near the base of the staminal-column,
of 5 erect g-shaped lobes, adnate to the column between the
anther-wings, reaching nearly or quite to the base of the anther-
cells, with broad free outstanding margins diverging downwards ;
coronal-lobes at the mouth of the corolla-tube none or reduced to very
minute and inconspicuous papille or folds. Staminal-column arising
from the bottom of the corolla-tube and enclosed in the inflated part ;
anthers erect, linear in the fertile part, apiculate; anther-wings below
the pollen-cells decurrent on the filament part, subparallel or diverging
downwards. Pollen-masses erect, with a pellucid margin at the apex,
solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs by slender caudicles to the
pollen-carriers. Style equalling or shorter than the anthers which sur-
round the slender conical or needle-like terminal part. Follicles terete
and acute or fusiform and acuminate, smooth. Seeds crowned with
a tuft of hairs—Erect, virgate shrubs, leafless or with linear leaves,
VOL. IV. 2F¥
434 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BRowN). \. [Orthanthera.
or herbs with leafy stems trailing on the ground. Leaves opposite.
Flowers small or of moderate size, in pedunculate or subsessile umbels or
clusters, lateral or sublateral at the nodes.—Barrowia, Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii. 629.
Species 3, one extending into South Africa and one inhabiting India.
In Bentham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum, Orthanthera is united with Lepta-
denia. I cannot distinguish Barrowia from Orthanthera, and as the latter name
claims priority it should be substituted for Barrowia.
An erect bush, with straight glabrous branches .. . 1. O. albida.
Stems herbaceous, trailing, pubescent or scabrous . 2. O. jasminiflora,
1. O. albida, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxx. 269.
A much-branched bush; branches erect, crowded, slender, white-
glaucous. Leaves distant, erect or ascending, 3-1} in. long, 3-1
lin. broad, linear, pungent-acute, channelled down the face. subsessile,
glabrous. Umbels lateral at the nodes, 4—6-flowered ; peduncles 3-1
lin. long, white-tomentose, as well as the bracts and calyx ; bracts about
1 lin. long, linear-subulate; pedicels } lin. long or less. Sepals
1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube 24-24 lin. long, narrow,
slightly inflated below; lobes 14 lin. long, erect, linear, subacute,
whitish-pubescent outside, glabrous within ; sinuses between the lobes
with minute fleshy obtuse thickenings. Corona arising about $ lin.
above the base of the 1 lin. long staminal-column; lobes ovate-deltoid,
adnate, with free margins, erect between the anther-wings and scarcely
reaching to their tips. Anthers linear, with short acute appendages,
erect around the slender terete apex of the style, which does not exceed
them.—Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 148; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 266. 0. stricta, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1.
694.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Monteiro! in rocky maritime situations
to the south of the town of Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 4259! German South-west
Africa: Hereroland; Modderfontein, north of Salem, Giirich, 11 (ex Engler ):
Zwartbunk Mountain, Stapff (ex Schinz).
Also in Great Namaqualand, south of the Tropic.
2. O. jasminiflora. V. HL. Br. ex Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver.
Brandenb. xxx. 265. Rootstock stout, woody. Stems 1$-15 ft. long,
procumbent, branching, more or less scabrous or pubescent. Leaves
petiolate, scabrous-pubescent ; petiole 1-5 lin. long; blade 3-22
in. long, }-1 in. broad, linear, linear-oblong, ovate-oblong, ovate OF
elliptic, acute at the apex, rounded truncate or cordate at the base,
rather thick and rigid, often wavy or crisped on the margins.
Umbels lateral at the nodes, pedunculate, 2—13-flowered ; peduncle
3-1} in. long, scabrous; bracts 1-2} lin. long, }-3 lin. broad, subulate
or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; pedicels 2-7 lin. long, scabrous or pubes-
cent. Sepals 1}~3 lin. long, 3-1 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute OF
acuminate, rather roughly pubescent on the back. Corolla cream
coloured, strongly scented, pubescent all over the outside, and within
the tube; tube 34-9 lin. long, globose-pentagonal (i.e. with 9 inflations
é
-
Orthanthera.]} LXXXY. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). ‘435
between the sepals) at the base,,cylindric and 1 lin. in diam. above;
lobes 24-6 lin. long, 1} lin. broad, more or less spreading, linear-
lanceolate, acute, recurved along the margins, glabrous on the inner
face. Coronal-lobes } lin. long, adnate to the staminal-column, deltoid,
with broad free outstanding wing-like margins, widely diverging down-
wards, glabrous. Anthers connivent-erect, ? lin. long, linear, apiculate.
Style shorter than the anthers; apical part slender, conical, acute.
Follicles 4 in. long, $ in. thick, fusiform, tapering into a long beak.—
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 266 and 264, fig. 77,
D-E, inaccurate. 0. browniana, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver.
Brandenb. xxx. 264; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
266. Barrowia jasminiflora, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 630; Delessert,
Ie. v. 37, t. 88 (inaccurate as to fig.1). Pergularia ? jasminiflora,
Burch, ex Deene. in DC. Prod. viii. 630.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Amboella; by the Kubango River above Kabindere,
3700 ft., Baum, 362! and near Kubulo, 3600 ft., Baum, 429! German South-
west Africa: Amboland; Oshiheke, Sehinz! Olukonda, Schinz! Omulongo,
Schinz, 144!
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland; near Lake Ngami,
Lugard, 23!
Also in South Africa.
The Amboland specimens collected by Schinz and described as a distinct species
(O. browniana), differ from typical O. jasminiflora only in their smaller flowers,
the corolla-tube being 33—4 lin. long and the lobes 24-3 lin. Jong. The specimens
‘collected by Baum and Lugard, however, completely connect the two extreme forms,
‘so that we must regard O. browniana as merely a small-flowered condition of O.
Jjasminiflora. The foliage of this plant varies very much.
44, CEROPEGIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 779.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla tubular, usually more or less inflated at
the base, straight or curved, 5-lobed ; lobes free or more or less connate
at their tips, valvate in bud. Corona double, arising from the
-staminal-column ; outer corona cup-shaped, entire or 5-10-toothed, or
of 5 bifid or bipartite lobes more or less adnate to the inner coronal-
lobes and often appearing to form one series with them, or reduced
to minute pouches alternating with the stamens ; inner corona of 5
‘short or long lobes opposite the anthers and incumbent on them, or
erect, dorsally adnate at their base to the cup of the outer corona, or
laterally to its lobes; in the latter case, the corona appears to be formed
-of 5 lobes with a tooth on each side at their base. Staminal-column
arising a little above the base of the corolla, very short and with the
‘corona included in the inflated part of the corolla; anthers erect,
ascending or incumbent on the top of the style ; oblong or subquadrate,
unappendaged ; pollen-masses erect, ascending or subhorizontal, solitary
in each anther-cell, attached in pairs by very short caudicles to the
pollen-carriers, or subsessile upon them. Style not longer than the
anthers, truncate or shortly ‘conical at the apex. Follicles lanceolate
‘or linear-fusiform, acuminate, smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of
436 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE& (BROWN). [ Ceropegia..
hairs.—Perennial herbs. Rootstock a tuber or a fascicle of thick fleshy
roots. Stems erect or twining, herbaceous or succulent. Leaves
opposite or rarely absent. Flowers large or of moderate size, of singular
forms, solitary, in pairs, in umbel-like cymes or rarely racemose,.
lateral at the nodes, rarely terminal.
A large genus of many species, found throughout the tropics of the Old World,
and in extratropical South Africa. The tubers of many species are eaten.
Corolla-lobes free at the tips.
Dwarf plants, stem not twining.
Flowers 1-2 in. long in the dried state . : . 1. C. pygmea.
Flowers about 3 in. long in the dried state . - 2. C. pumila.
Stem twining or rambling among other plants.
Corolla-tube distinctly pubescent or hairy out-
side,
Corolla-tube 3-5 times as long as the sepals.
Corolla-tube very distinctly narrowed above
the inflated base.
Corolla-tube curved, 5-6 lin. long 3. C, nigra.
Corolla-tube straight, 8-9 lin. long 4. C. kroboensis.
Corolla-tube stout, of nearly equal diameter
throughout . 6. C. ringens.
Corolla-tube not longer than the sepals, of ei ual ;
diameter throughout, campanulate 5. C. loranthiflora.
Corolla-tube glabrous outside; lobes sometimes
pubescent.
Corolla-tube 2 lin. in diam, at the middle ; lobes
without hair-like points : 7. C. sinuata.
Corolla-tube about 1 lin. in diam, at the middle ; F
lobes ending in hair-like points . ° 8. C. tentaculata,
Corolla-lobes connate into a slender tube which ter-
minates in a small globose-pentagonal head . . 9. C. distincta.
Corolla-lobes connate in the upper part for at least + of
their length into an umbrella-like canopy; stem :
erect, not twining * . 43. OC. medoensis.
Corolla-lobes connate or coheri ing at their tips only.
*Stem twining or rambling among other plants.
tLeaves quite glabrous on both surfaces, but
sometimes ciliolate on the margin ; stem quite
glabrous in all the specimens examined.
Peduncles 14 in, long, and together with the
pedicels glabrous.
Flowers racemosely arranged along a long
peduncle with distant nodes.
Flowers solitary; corolla-lobes 6-7 lin.
long . : . 84. CL racemosa.
Flowers in pairs or fascicles ; corolla- lobes
3 lin. long 2 _ 20. C. Perrottetit..
Flowers 1-many, subumbellate or ‘crowded at
the end of the peduncle, not distant.
Corolla-tube ovoid-inflated at the base, then
constricted, and with a long fusiform
inflation at the middle. ° . 24. C. fusiformis.
Corolla slightly or very distinctly inflated
at the base or basal half only.
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN).
Inflation distinctly constricted at the
middle . . . . .
Inflation not constricted.
Corolla-lobes not more than 2 lin. long ;
leaves linear-lanceolate
Corolla-lobes 24-35 lin. long.
Leaves 4-1 lin. broad, very slender ;
peduncles 4 —3 in, long
Leaves 13-8 lin. broad, not cordate
at the base ; peduncles 4-13 in.
long.
Leaves subtruncate or rounded at
the base ; corolla-tube and
lobes pilose within.
Leaves 8-13 in. long
Leaves 23-23 in. long
Leaves cuneate at the base;
corolla-tube glabrous within ;
lobes pilose.
Corolla 14 in. long.
Corolla less than 1 in. long
Leaves 6-16 lin. broad, cordate at
the base; peduncles 4-1} in.
long.
Corolla 3—Z in. long ; tube 24 lin.
in diam. at the mouth.
Corolla 1 in. long; tube 33-4
lin. in diam, at the mouth 15
Corolla-lobes 43-6 lin. long.
Corolla-tube 9-10 lin. in diam.
at the mouth; leaves 7-8
lin. broad Z ~ 19,
Corolla-tube 1-5 lin. in diam. at
the mouth.
Leaves 12-18 lin. broad. Por be
Leaves 2-10 lin. broad.
Corolla-lobes erect, glabrous
(and see 41, C. in-
Jausta) . :
Corolia-lobes incurved over
the mouth of the tube
in the form of a globe,
. 23. C. purpurascens.
18.
. 38.
5 Shy.
op APs
kOe
yale
. 14,
1G:
ciliate : : 23
Corolla-lobes 9-10 lin. long; tube
4 in. in diam. at the mouth 7 Ons
Peduncles none or exceedingly short ; flowers
pedicellate ; corolla rather slender.
Leaves 4-1 lin. broad; sepals 1 lin. long . 40
Leaves 4-8 lin. broad; sepals 2-24 lin. long . 41.
t{Leaves pubescent or puberulous on one or both
surfaces, or at least on the veins beneath.
Stem pubescent, pilose or puberulous all round or
on opposite sides along two broad lines.
Cymes or umbels distinctly pedunculate ;
flowers pedicellate, (See also 28, C.
papillata.)
437
C. mozambicensis.
C. angusta,
C. debilis.
C. affinis.
C. ruspoliana.
C. nilotica,
C. biddumana,
C. volubilis.
. C. beecariana.
C. denticulata,
C. scandens.
. C. stenantha.
C. Lugarde.
. C. stenantha, var.
C. infausta.
438 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN).
Corolla-tube and lobes pubescent outside
Corolla-tube and lobes glabrous outside.
Corolla-lobes nearly or quite as long as
the tube, 6-9 lin. long . : <
Corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube,
234—(5 ?) lin. long.
Corolla-tube slightly inflated at the
base ; lobes lanceolate-triangular
Corolla distinctly globose- or ovoid-
inflated at the base ; lobes linear
or linear-oblong.
Corolla-lobes erect ; tube slightly
dilated at the mouth
Corolla-lobes strongly incurved over
the broadly funnel - shaped
mouth of the tube, which is
4—5 lin. in diam. :
Cymes or umbels sessile or subsessile at the
nodes ; flowers pedicellate.
Cymes or umbels in pairs at the nodes;
4-6-flowered .
Cymes or umbels solitary at the nodes; :
2-20-flowered.
Corolla-tube 4-lin. long.
Corolla-tube and lobes pubescent out-
side .
Corolla-tube glabrous, lobes pubescent
outside =
Corolla-tube 8-9 lin. long, glabrous out-
side.
Pedicels pubescent
Pedicels glabrous.
Corolla-tube 12-13 lin. long, glabrous
outside ; pedicels pubescent .
Stem glabrous, or with a pubescent or puberulous
line along one side only, alternating at the
nodes.
Peduncles 4-1 in. long, and together with the
pedicels and corolla-tube outside pube-
scent . E c . .
Peduncles none ; pedicels glabrous, or pube-
scent along one side; corolla-tube gla-
brous outside.
Flowers 1-2 at a node; corolla-tube 2-3 lin.
in diam. at the middle.
Leaves 13-33 in. long, ovate, cordate to
subtruncate at the base .
Leaves 4-1 in. long, lanceolate, rounded
at the base .
Flowers in dense clusters of 5- 20 fase more
at each node; corolla-tube 3 lin. in
diam. at the middle .
**Stem erect, not twining.
Corolla-tube 14-13 in. long; leaves 4-9 lin. broad,
ovate or oblong-lanceolate
. dl.
33.
. 35.
or
ne
5 Bik
. 25.
10.
= able
. 44.
[ Ceropegia.
C. convolvuloides.
C. kwebensis.
C. setifera.
. C. pachystelma,
C. Meyeri-Johannis-
C. parieyma.
. C. Giletii.
. C. leucotenia-
. C. papillata.
. C. ealcarata.
. C. Meyeri.
C. Johnsoni.
C. subtruncata.
C. sobolifera.
c6: floribunda.
C. umbraticola.
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 439
CoroJla-tube 1-14 in. long ; leaves 3-23 lin. broad,
linear or linear-lanceolate.
Corolla-lobes 10-11 lin. long. : : . 45. C. campanulata.
Corolla-lobes 3-4 lin, long ; : : . 48. C. vignaldiana.
Corolla-tube 3—% in. long.
Corolla-lobes about 8 lin. long ; leaves 6-12 lin.
broad. : : : = : . 46. C. filipendula.
Corolla-lobes about 5 lin. long ; leaves 13-5 lin.
broad. ; ‘ . : . . 47. C. abyssinica.
Corolla-lobes less than 4 lin. long.
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, up to 1 in.
broad . s : ‘ : E - 49. C. Steudneri.
Leaves linear or linear-subulate, 3-3 lin.
broid . 3 é : A ‘ . 50. C. humilis.
1. C. pygmeea, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxx. 265.
Tuber 1—2 in. in diam., ovoid or subglobose, subtruncate at the base,
buried 2—3 in. in the ground, emitting a single stem which branches at
ground-level. Branches erect, 14-3 in. long, pubescent with minute
curved hairs. Leaves erect or ascending, }-4 in. long, 1—5 lin. broad,
from linear to oblanceolate or spathulate-obovate, acute or obtuse,
pubescent with minute curved hairs chiefly along the midrib and
margins ; the broader leaves gradually tapering from above the middle
into a short petiole. Cymes or umbels subaxillary, 1—3-flowered, sessile
or with thinly pubescent peduncles up to 2} lin. long; pedicels 5-7 lin.
long, thinly pubescent. Sepals 14-21 lin. long, lanceolate, acute,
pubescent. Corolla large, pubescent outside, glabrous within, purple-
black when dried, somewhat resembling the flowers of an Aristolochia
in form, the tube being abruptly bent at aright angle below the middle ;
part below the bend 3-1 in. long, } in. in diam., ovoid-inflated ; part
above the bend 1-1? in. long, 34—4 lin. in diam., tubular, slightly funnel-
shaped at the mouth, which is truncate, with 5 deltoid acute teeth or
lobes 1-1} lin. long, quite free, replicate, incurved. Outer corona
1-1} lin. long, three times as long as the staminal-column, deeply cup-
shaped, very shortly 5-toothed, sparsely covered with short purple
hairs within; inner corona!-lobes } lin. long, linear-subulate, slightly
gibbous at the base, incumbent on the backs of the anthers, and not
exceeding them, adnate at their base to the bottom of the outer corona,
glabrous. The entire corona of the same colour as the corolla in the dried
state.—C. gymnopoda, Schlechter in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 450,
Lower Guinea. German South West Africa: Amboland ; in sandy soil at
Olukonda and between Olukonda and Uukuambi, Schinz, 147! Uukuambi, Rauta-
nen, 81! 82!
C. gymnopoda, Schlechter, was described from broad-le:ved specimens with very
immature flowers; when fully developed the flowers are identical with those of
C. pygmea, Linear and spathulate leaves sometimes occur on the same specimen.
2. C. pumila, V. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 309. Tuber
flattened, 14-2 in. in diam. Stems 2-3 from a tuber, 4—6 in. high,
erect, branched, more or less pubescent on the young parts. Leaves
spreading ; petiole 1-1} lin. long; blade 6-11 lin. long, 1}-2 lin. broad,
440 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Ceropegia.
fleshy, narrowly lanceolate, acute, ciliate on the margins, sparsely
pubescent on the midrib beneath, glaucous-green, paler beneath.
Flowers 1-3 together at the nodes, with occasionally a deflexed
peduncle up to } in. long bearing 2-3 flowers; pedicels 14 lin. long,
slightly pubescent. Corolla about 6 lin. long, pubescent and of a lurid
purple-brown outside, glabrous and blackish-purple inside ; tube about
4—5 lin. long, curved or oblique, 2 lin. in diam. at the inflated-ovoid
basal half, constricted below the short funnel-shaped mouth; lobes
1} lin. long, free, slightly spreading, tapering from a detoid base toa
short linear point, slightly keeled down the face. Outer corona cam-
panulate, about ? lin. long, subtruncate, obscurely 5-toothed, blackish-
purple; inner coronal-lobes barely } lin. long, incumbent on the backs
of the anthers and shorter than them, dorsally adnate to the outer
corona.— Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 696.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in a rocky bushy place near Lopollo,
5200 ft., Welwitsch, 4267 !
3. C. nigra, V. 2. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 261. Stem twining,
pubescent. Leaves spreading; petiole 4-1 in. long; blade #-1} in.
long, $—1 in. broad and probably larger, ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute or
acuminate, cordate or truncately rounded at the base, both sides with a
short and rather harsh pubescence, but more sparse above. Cymes
umbel-like, subsessile, several-flowered ; pedicels 4—6 lin. long, pubescent.
Sepals i3-2 lin. long, subulate or lanceolate-subulate, pubescent.
Corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long, curved above the somewhat oblique in-
flated-ovoid base, which is about 1} lin. in diam., narrowed above,
shortly funnel-shaped at the mouth, pubescent outside, glabrous inside
and striate with black in the upper part; lobes widely spreading, with
free tips, 24 lin. long, 1} lin. broad at the base, deltoid-ovate, obtuse,
with recurved margins, pubescent on the back, very minutely puberulous
on the inner face at the base and around the mouth of the tube, black
in the dried state. Outer coronal-lobes + lin. long, erect, rectangular,
bifid, with slightly incurved teeth, pallid; inner coronal-lobes 1} lin.
long, filiform, erect, with incurved penicillate tips, blackish.
Upper Guinea. By the River Niger, Baikie!
In the dried state the lobes and mouth of the corolla-tube are black, but as the
same parts of C. kroboensis, N. E. br., are stated to be “ metallic blue-green
when alive, it is probable that C. nigra is also of that colour in the living state, the
two species being very similar.
4. C. kroboensis, V. 2. Br. Stem twining, pubescent, about 1
lin. thick ; internodes 3-5 in. long. Leaves spreading; petiole 1-1} in.
long, pubescent ; blade 1}-2} in. long, 3-1} in. broad, cordate-ovate,
shortly acuminate, thinly covered with rather long jointed hairs on the
upper side, minutely pubescent beneath, ciliolate. Cymes lateral at the
nodes, subsessile or very shortly pedunculate, many-flowered ; very
often a branch originates at the same node; peduncles 0-2 lin. long,
pubescent ; bracts minute, subulate, pubescent; pedicels 5—7 lin. long,
slender, minutely pubescent, thickening and growing to about ? in. long
-Ceropegiu. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 441
when in fruit. Sepals 1} lin. long, } lin. broad, linear-subulate, acute,
pubescent, ascending. Corolla metallic blue-green (black in the dried
state) on the lobes and in the mouth of the tube, yellow below (Johnson),
pubescent outside, especially on the constricted part and lobes, very
minutely puberulous at the base of the lobes and around the mouth of
the tube, otherwise glabrous within; tube straight, 8—9 lin. long,
inflated-cylindric-oblong for about } an in. of its length and there about
2 lin. in diam. in the dried state, constricted above, very shortly and
broadly funnel-shaped at the mouth ; lobes very spreading, not cohering
at the tips, 21-2} lin. long, oblong, replicate, 1 lin. broad and subobtuse
when flattened out. Outer corona of 5 small emarginate or shortly
bifid lobes about } lin. long, forming 5 small pockets, hairy within ;
inner coronal-jobes about $ lin. long, filiform, incumbent at the base on
the backs of the anthers, then connivent-erect, slightly incurved in the
upper part, dark-coloured in the middle part in the dried state, thinly
hairy at the base, where they are dorsally adnate to the outer corona.
Follicles linear-fusiform, glabrous.
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Krobo Plains, Johnson, 790! ~
In the dried state this species is, at first sight, exceedingly like C. nigra, N. E. Br. ;
it differs, however, in its longer corolla and very different coronal structure.
5. C. loranthiflora, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 150. Tuber
globose, #-l in. in diam. Stem 13-3 ft. high, twining, more or less
densely pubescent or subtomentose with jointed hairs. Leaves herba-
ceous ; petiole 4—2 in. long ; blade 1-2? in. long, }—? in. broad, lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or cuneately rounded at
the base, pubescent on both sides. Umbels 3~—4-flowered, subsessile or
on peduncles about 1 lin. long, all parts, including the outside of the
corolla, covered with spreading jointed hairs; bracts 14-3 lin. long,
subulate, recurving; pedicels 4-7 lin. long, rather slender. Sepals
34-4 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla straight; tube } in.
long, about 2 lin. in diam., tubular-campanulate, not inflated at the
base, pubescent outside, glabrous ? inside ; lobes twice as long as the tube,
6-7 lin. long, linear from a deltoid base, replicate, suberect, with free
tips, densely and minutely puberulous on the inner face, reticulate with
dark-coloured veins on their basal part, at the base the angles formed
by their union project abruptly beyond the diameter of the tube.
Outer coronal-lobes arising } lin. above the base of the staminal-column
and reduced to 5 small pouches not reaching to the level of the base of
the anthers ; inner coronal-lobes about } lin. long, linear-oblong, obtuse,
incumbent on the backs of the anthers and not produced beyond them.
Staminal-column with 5 linear blackish markings immediately under
the outer coronal-lobes.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 272. (©. abyssinica, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 46 (excel.
synonym (C. hirsuta, Hochst.); Vatke in Linnea, xl. 217; Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 343 (not of Decaisne).
Wile Land. Abyssinia: near Tchelatchekanne (Jelajeranne), Quartin Dillon !
near Guendepta, Schimper (ex Richard); Amogui, 7200 ft., Schimper, 751 (ex
Vatke & Engler), 781 (ex Schumann) ; and without precise locality, Parkyns !
442 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEX (BROWN). [ Ceropegia.
Except in habit there is no technival character whereby this plant differs from
the genus Brachystelma.
6. C. ringens, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 48. Rootstock a
globose tuber. Stem twining, slender, pubescent, herbaceous. Leaves
very variable, ovate-lanceolate, acute, emarginate-cordate or rarely
rounded or gradually attenuate at the base, pilose-pubescent on both
sides. Umbels subsessile, several-flowered ; pedicels hairy. Sepals.
lanceolate (“very narrow, linear,” in note), acute, hairy. Corolla
curved ; tube 4 times as long as the calyx, inflated at its base, shortly
pilose ; limb oblique; lobes free, lanceolate-linear, obtuse at the apex,
ciliolate.— Walp. Ann. iii. 67.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: between Mai Gougcua and Debra-Sina, Quartin
Dillon (ex Richard).
I have not seen this species, but the type in A. Richard’s Herbarium has been
examined and a drawing of a flower made for me by Mr. I. H. Burkil], from whom I
learn that the plant is like an entire-leaved specimen of C. sinuata, Decue., except that.
the young leaves are more hairy and the corolla-lobes shorter, Mr. Burkill’s drawing
of the flower (drawn to scale in its dried state) represents the corolla to be exactly
as in C. sinuata, with the tube slightly curved, of nearly equal diameter throughout,
63 lin. long and 2 lin. in diam., and the lobes 23 lin. long. C. convrolvuloides,
A. Rich., has been mistaken for this species by other authors.
7. ©. sinuata, Decne. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 47. Stem
twining, more or less pubescent. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole 4-2 in.
long; blade 1-2} in. long, 4-14 in. broad, lanceolate to deltvid-ovate or
cordate, acute or acuminate, rounded or cordate at the base, coarsely
and irregularly toothed or sinuate on the basal part or entire, sparsely
pubescent on both sides, ciliolate. Umbels sessile or with peduncles up
to 2 lin. long, 5-7-flowered, all parts except the corolla covered with a
Spreading pubescence; bracts 1-2 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels 6-7 lin.
long. Sepals 3-3} lin. long, 2 lin. broad, lanceolate-subulate. Corolla-
tube 1 in. long, curved above the obliquely ellipsoid-inflated base, which
is } in. in diam., cylindric up to the mouth above, about 2 lin. in diam.,
glabrous outside and inside; lobes free and spreading, 4 in. long, linear
from a deltoid base, acute, replicate, blackish, sparsely pubescent on the
back, glabrous on the face. Outer coronal-lobes arising } lin. above the
base of the staminal-column, 4 lin. long, spreading, rectangular, dilated
at the base, truncate at the apex, glabrous; inner coronal-lobes 1 jin.
long, connivent-erect, linear, obtuse, minutely papillate on the apical
part.—Walp. Ann. iii. 67; Vatke in Linnea, xl. 218; K. Schum. in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 327, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 11.
272.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 2049! Shireh Pro-
vince, Quartin Dillon (ex Richard); Serraba, Schimper, 451!
Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa, ex Schumann.
Richard describes C. sinuata, as follows: “Rootstock a globose tuber. Stem
sk nder, twining, pubescent. Leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, obtuse at the base, with
the margin unequally sinuate, slightly hairy, especially beneath. Flowers outside:
the axils, 2-3 together, pedicellate; pedicels slender, shortly hairy. Sepals linear,
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 443
very acute, hairy outside. Corolla-tube terete, straight, scarcely subinflated at the
base, 4 times as long as the sepals, pubescent ; lobes short, lanceolate, obtuse. In
habit it resembles C. abyssinica, Decne., but is easily distinguished by its irregularly
sinuate leaves, and especially by its corolla, in which the tube is 4 times as long as.
the calyx and the lobes very short and obtuse.”
My description is made exclusively from Schimper’s specimen, which was re-
ceived from the Paris Herbarium under this name and bears the same number (451)
as the specimen at Paris, named C. sinuata by Decaisne; but it may not be the
same as Quartin Dillon’s plant, which I have not seen, and upon which A. Richard
based his description, according to which, his plant differs from Schimper’s in having
only 2-3 flowers in an umbel, and a corolla with a straight tube and very short
obtuse lanceoiate lobes. Vatke quotes Schimper’s number as 491 for this plant.
8. C. tentaculata, V. H. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 261. Tuber de-
pressed, 1}—5 in. indiam. Stem twining, slender, growing to 6-10 ft. in
length, branching, glabrous. Leaves succulent; petiole 1—3 lin. long ; blade
Z-2 in. long, 4-11 in. broad, linear, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, ovate, or
spathulate-ovate or spathulate-oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, mucronulate,
varying from cuneate-acute to subtruncately rounded atthe base, glabrous,
often undulate on the margins. Umbels sessile, one- to many-flowered ;
bracts } lin. long, subulate; pedicels 3-5 lin. long, slender, glabrous. Sepals
1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla slightly curved, sometimes
drying nearly or quite straight; tube 7-9 lin. long, inflated-ovoid and
about 4 in. in diam. at the base, cylindric and about 1 lin. in diam. above,
slightly funnel-shaped at the mouth, glabrous outside, with a few minute
scattered hairs inside (base of the tube rosy-purple, the rest yellowish,
Welwitsch) ; lobes free, widely spreading, 5-6 lin. long, tapering from a.
deltoid base to fine hair-like points, with a few minute hairs on the basal
part (dull yellowish or greenish, Welwitsch). Outer corona arising } lin.
above the base of the staminal-column, not produced into teeth, but
forming 5 truncate pouches alternating with the stamens ; inner coronal-
lobes 4 lin. long, erect, linear-spathulate, slightly cohering at their tips
(always ?), the entire corona glabrous (greenish, Welwitsch). Follicles
4—6 in. long, } in. thick, linear-terete, acuminate into a beak, Seeds
2 lin. long, oblong-ovate, plano-convex, with a thickened margin,
glabrous.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 694.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda; in dry hilly places, Welwitsch, 4277! in
the grass plains in Mnceques, near Loanda, Gossweiler, 90! Amboland: Omatope
and Ondonga, Schinz !
Var. puberula, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl, Welw. i. 695. Stems and leaves more or
less puberulous. Flowers dull violet-greenish.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in rocky thickets in Morro de Lopollo,.
Welwitsch, 4268! in sandy thickets near Lopollo, Welwitsch, 4269 !
9. C. distincta, V. L. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 262. Stem pro-
bably twining, stout, 2-24 lin. thick, hollow, glabrous. Leaves probably
fleshy, thin in the dried state ; petiole 5—8 lin. long; blade 2—3 in. long,
1-2 in. broad, oblong, ovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, broadly elliptic-
ovate or elliptic-oblong, shortly and abruptly cuspidate-acute or acute
or acuminate, cordate, with short broadly rounded lobes at the base,
-444 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Ceropegia.
with a shallow acute sinus between them, glabrous. Peduncles
1-1} in. long, moderately stout, glabrous, 1-2- (or more?) flowered ;
bracts 13-3 lin. long, linear or subulate, acute, glabrous; pedicels
4-8 lin. long, moderately stout, glabrous. Sepals 5-6 lin. long,
1-1} lin. broad, lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, glabrous. Corolla
glabrous outside, hairy at the mouth and base of the tube inside ;
tube about 1 in. long, abruptly curved at a right angle above. its
slightly globose-inflated base, where it is 3-34 lin. in diam., cylindric
above and about 24 lin. indiam., shortly dilated into a broad funnel-
‘Shaped mouth about 7-8 lin. in diam.; lobes about } in. long (only seen
in bud), broadly deltoid-ovate at the base, connivent, then contracted
and connate into a short narrow erect tube about 4 in. long, then
abruptly dilated at the apex into a small 5-winged depressed knob, nearly
2 lin. in diam. Outer corona ? (decayed and eaten) ; inner coronal-lobes
1} lin. long, erect, spathulate-linear, obtuse.
Mozamb. Dist. Zanguebar, Kirk, 28!
10. ©. subtruncata, V. HL. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 260.
Stem twining, with one pubescent line. Leaves herbaceous; petiole
— in. long ; blade 13-3} in. long, 1-1} in. broad, ovate or oblong-ovate,
subcuspidate-acuminate, cordate, emarginate or subtruncate at the base,
glabrous above, more or less pilose with jointed hairs beneath, ciliate.
Flowers solitary ; pedicels 7-9 lin. long, thinly pubescent. Sepals 2-4
lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate, with a few short hairs on the back.
Corolla curved, glabrous outside and inside; tube 3 in. long, rather stout,
about } in. in diam., slightly inflated at the base, cylindric above, not
dilated at the mouth; lobes 5 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, erect, with connate
tips, broadly rhomboidal-obovate, replicate, forming asubtruncate apiculate
limb broader than the tube. Outer corona arising about # lin. above the
base of the staminal-column ; lobes deeply bifid, with teeth 3 lin. jong,
ascending and attaining the level of the anthers, glabrous; inner
coronal-lobes 1} lin. long, linear, acute, connivent-erect, connected at
their base to the outer corona by 5 partitions, glabrous.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: without precise locality, Schimper, 628 !
11. C. sobolifera, V. H. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 261.
Subterranean stems apparently widely creeping, tuberous? Stem
twining, rather slender, with a pubescent line down one side. Leaves
apparently somewhat fleshy ; petiole 2—3 lin. long; blade 2-1 in. long,
2-4 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base, glabrous
above, ciliate and with a few hairs beneath, at least on the nerves.
Flowers in pairs or occasionally solitary; pedicels 3-4 lin. long,
apparently 4-angled, but perhaps from shrinking in drying, glabrous.
Sepals 14 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla very
slightly curved, glabrous outside and inside; tube 7-8 lin. long, rather
stout, cylindric, slightly inflated in the lower half and there about } in.
in diam., about 24 lin. in diam. at the mouth; lobes 4 lin. Jong,
2 lin. broad, connate at the tips, replicate, forming in outline a globose
limb to the corolla, keeled down the face within. Outer coronal-lobes
Ceropegia. LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN), 445.
peg
2 lin. long, deeply bifid; teeth linear-attenuate, obtuse, fringed with
long hairs, and rising above the level of the anthers; inner coronal«
lobes 1 lin. long, connivent-erect, linear, dorsally connected at the base
to the outer corona.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: without precise locality, Schimper, 463 !
12. C. affinis, Vatke in Linnea, xl. 218. Glabrous in all parts
except the inside of the corolla. Stem twining. Leaves somewhat
fleshy ; petiole 2-3 lin. long; blade 3-14 in. long, 1}-5 lin. broad,
linear-oblong, narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, acute or subtrun-
cate and apiculate at the apex, subtruncate or rounded at the base,,
narrowly revolute along the margins. Peduncles 4-1 in. long,
umbellately 3-6-flowered ; bracts $ lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute ;
pedicels 3-5 lin. long. Sepals 1 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate.
Corolla slightly curved, glabrous outside, clothed inside from the base
of the tube to the tips of the lobes with long straight hairs; tube 7}
lin. long, slightly inflated and 2 lin. in diam. at the base, very
shortly funnel-shaped at the mouth, which is about } in. in diam. ;
lobes 2} lin. long, incurved and connate at the tips, deltoid-ovate,,
acuminate, replicate. Outer coronal-lobes } lin. long, ascending, sub-
quadrate, with a broad notch at the apex, concave, ciliate with rather
long hairs; inner coronal-lobes 1-1} lin. long, connivent-erect, linear,
with recurved or revolute tips, glabrous.—Martelli, Florul. Bogos. 56.
Wile Land. Eritrea: near Keren, Beccari, 305! Mount Alam Kale, Schwein-
Surth & Riva, 1633! Abyssinia: without precise locality, Schimper, 301!
13. ©. ruspoliana, K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 42.
Stem twining, slender, glabrous. Leaves petiolate, glabrous; petiole.
23-3} lin. long ; blade 24-23? in. long, 24 lin. broad at the middle, very
acutely acuminate, shortly rounded at the base, recurved along the
margins, paler beneath. Umbels pedunculate, about 5-flowered ;
peduncle }-11 in. long; pedicels scarcely exceeding 4} in. in length.
Sepals 1 lin. long, subulate. Corolla probably spotted with purple-
brown in the upper part, clothed with long scattered hairs inside ; tube
74 lin. long, slightly dilated at the mouth ; lobes 3 lin. long, cohering
at their tips, recurved along the margins (replicate ?), pilose with long
hairs on the inner face. Outer coronal-lobes 4 lin. long, concave,
notched at the apex, furnished with some hyaline hairs within; inner
coronal-lobes ? lin. long, overtopping the staminal-column, subulate,
revolute at the apex.
Wile Land. Galla Territory : in wooded places on Coromme Mountain, Riva,
1373.
I have not seen this species, but judging from the description it must be very
closely allied to C. affinis, Vatke, with which it may prove to be identical; the only
difference appears to be in the size of the leaves.
14. C. biddumana, X. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 41.
Stem twining. Leaves petiolate, herbaceous, thin; petiole 2-3}
lin. long, slender ; blade 3-13 in. long, 4—5 lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate,
446 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Ceropegia.
acute, cuneate at the base, glabrous on both sides, very minutely
ciliolate. Umbels pedunculate, several-flowered ; peduncle up to 1}
in. long ; bracts minute; pedicels scarcely $ lin. long. Sepals 1 lin. long,
oblong-triangular. Corolla white at the base, purple above, paler at the
apex, obscurely spotted; tube 7} lin. long, dilated at the mouth,
glabrous within ; lobes cohering at the tips, 2} lin. long, pilose. Outer
-ecoronal-lobes concave, notched at the apex, pilose, blackish-purple ;
inner coronal-lobes erect, cylindric, convolute at the apex, blackish-
purple.
Wile Land. Galla Territory: Bidduma, in shady woods, Riva, 1212.
I have uot seen this species, which is imperfectly described, but appears to be
allied to C. affinis, Vatke.
15. GC. beccariana, Martelli, Florul. Bogos. 56. Stem twining,
glabrous, about 1 lin. thick. Leaves herbaceous; _ petiole 4-7
lin. long; blade 1-1} in. long, 4-1 in. broad, cordate-ovate, acuminate
or acute, glabrous on both sides, distinctly ciliolate with a few very
minute incurved hairs on the margins, and with similar hairs along the
-channel of the petiole. Peduncles lateral, 1-2 in. long, terminating in
a few-flowered umbel-like cyme, glabrous; bracts small, lanceolate,
acuminate or subulate, glabrous; pedicels 5-6 lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals 1 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla-tube about
9 lin. long, much incurved, inflated at the base, where it is 2}—3 lin. in
diam., funnel-shaped, and about 34-4 lin. in diam. at the mouth,
glabrous outside; lobes about 3 lin. long, connivent-erect, connate at
the tips, replicate, with crisped margins, glabrous, not ciliate.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: near Keren, 4500 ft., Beccari, 306!
A specimen of this plant was sent to Kew for determination by Dr. Martelli in
1885, but as there was but one flower I did not dissect it, and the corona and interior
-of the corolla are not described by the author.
16. C. volubilis, V. HZ. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 261. Root
fibrous (Welwitsch). Stem twining, slender, glabrous, ‘“‘more or less
glaucous ” (Welwitsch). Leaves membranous in the dried state, spread-
ing; petiole 44-9 lin. long, ciliate along the edges of the channelled
face; blade 14-3 in. long, 3-14 in. broad, cordate-ovate, acute oF
acuminate, mucronate, with short rounded basal lobes separated by @
small acute sinus, glabrous on both sides, ciliolate. Peduncles 2-5
lin. long, glabrous, umbellately 2—4-flowered; bracts 4-1 lin. long,
subulate ; pedicels 3-4 lin. long, glabrous or with short spreading hairs.
Sepals 14 lin. long, subulate, glabrous, or with here and there a short
hair. Corolla-tube 54-7 lin. long, 1} lin. in diam. at the short inflated
base, slightly curved above, slightly enlarged into a funnel-shaped
mouth 2} lin. in diam., glabrous outside and inside; lobes 3-35
lin. long, erect, connate at the tips, deltoid-oblong, somewhat abruptly
narrowed Just above the middle, replicate, ciliate in the upper part with
vibratile purple hairs, otherwise glabrous. (Base of the corolla-tube
yellowish, then in the inflated part and outside of the tube spotted with
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASULEPIADEE (BROWN). 447
purple-brown on a whitish-yellow ground; upper part striate inside
with blackish-purple; throat and basal part of the lobes reticulate with
purple-brown ; apex of the lobes within velvety purple, and covered
with long purple rigid hairs; greyish outside, Welwitsch.) Outer
corona divided nearly to the base into 10 ascending-spreading lobes ;
adnate on one side for half their length to the backs of the inner
coronal-lobes, their free ‘part $ lin. long, oblong, obtuse, ciliate with
rather long hairs; inner coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, linear, obtuse, erect,
glabrous.— Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 695.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; by the River Coango in the Queta
Mountains, Welwitsch, 4272! 42723!
In the Catalogue of Welwitsch’s Plants, by some error, which Mr. Hiern in-
forms me he js unable to explain, this plant is described as “ shiggy throughout,” but
the type specimens and that at Kew are as described above.
17. ©. nilotica, Kotschy in Sitzungsb. Wien. Math.-Nat. Akad.
1865, li. 356. Tuberous, glabrous. Stem twining, slender, fleshy ;
internoles 2 in. long. Leaves somewhat fleshy, 1 in. long, 8 lin. broad,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, acuminate, denticulate towards
the apex with callose cuspidate teeth. Peduncles lateral, quadrangular,
two-flowered (described as being shorter than the leaves in the
diagnosis, and longer than the leaves in the description). Sepals 14
lin. long, subulate, spreading. Corolla 14 in. long; tube clavate,
slightly inflated at the base, dilated and } in. broad at the mouth,
glabrous; lobes } in. long, deltoid, connate at the apex, blackish-purple
and pilose within, marked with a yellow spot at the base. Outer coronal-
lobes horizontal, short, dilated truncate, entire, glabrous ; inner coronal-
lobes linear-spathulate, straight, three times as long as the outer corona,
glabrous, yellowish.
Nile Land. Kingdom of Barri: near Gondokoro, Knoblecher, 35.
I have not seen this species. The pedicels are not mentioned in the description.
18. ©. mozambicensis, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 273.
Stem twining, 1-1} lin. thick, probably somewhat fleshy, glabrous ;
internodes 4-7 in. long. Leaves spreading ; petiole 3-6 lin. long;
blade 3-1? in. long, 5-10 lin. broad, lanceolate, ovate or elliptic, rather
abruptly mucronate-acute or, in the lanceolate forms, more or less
acuminate, broadly or acutely cuneate at the base, glabrous, often
undulate, setulose-denticulate on the margins, thin in the dried state,
but probably somewhat fleshy when alive. Peduncles }—1} in. long,
moderately stout, about 2-3-flowered at the apex, glabrous; bracts
3-1 lin. long, subulate, glabrous; pedicels 3-5 lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla glabrous
outside ; tube 14-12 in. long, slightly curved, inflated for nearly half
its length, constricted at the middle of the inflated part, cylindric
in the upper, abruptly widened into a short funnel-shaped mouth
8-3 in. in diam. ; tube externally whitish or greenish, spotted with
blackish-purple, basal part below the constriction inside purple,
greenish or whitish? above, blackish-purple at the moath, which is
448 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADE& (BROWN). [ Cer opegia.
covered with long straight purple hairs, middle of the upper part
of the tube with a broad band of similar colourless hairs, constric-
tion of the inflated part with a ring of fluffy hairs; lobes 4-4 in.
long and about the same in breadth at the base when flattened out,
connivent, connate at the tips, broadly deltoid-ovate, obtuse, apiculate,
replicate, with a broad keel down the face, bulging out and ter-
minating rather abruptly at its base, blackish-purple, with a greenish
or whitish ?‘transverse band at the middle, covered on the inner face
with long straight purple hairs and ciliate with similar hairs of a darker
purple. Outer coronal-lobes } lin. long, forming 5 small pockets,
slightly sinuate or subtruncate at the margin, glabrous, whitish ; inner
coronal-lobes almost ¢ in. long, erect, linear-subulate, keeled behind at
the base where joining the outer corona, glabrous, whitish.—C. constricta,
N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 260.
Wile Land. British East Africa: coral cliffs south-east of Mombasa Island,
Taylor !
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: mouth of the River Pungwe,
Schlechter, 7106 (ex Schlechter). Kavala Islands in Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 35 !
I have not seen the Pungwe plant, and describe entirely from the specimens
collected by Carson & Taylor ; the flowers of the latter, however, 1 have not dissected,
but externally they seem identical with those of Carson’s plant. C. mozambicensis
may prove to be identical with C. dentieulata, K. Schum., which was published a
month earlier, although Schumann neither describes nor figures the remarkable con-
striction at the middle of the inflated part of the corolla-tube.
19. C, denticulata, K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 327, t.
40, #. Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves subsessile or shortly petiolate,
1} in. long, 7-8 lin. broad, fleshy, ovate or subrhomboidal, acute at both
ends, denticulate at the apex. Peduncle moderately long, 2-flowered ;
bracts, bracteoles and sepals filiform-subulate. Corolla about 20 lin.
long, whitish, spotted with fuscous, glabrous outside; tube 15 lin. long,
moderately inflated in the lower part; mouth dilated, broadly funnel-
shaped, 9-10 lin. in diam., ciliate; lobes 5 lin. long, linear, erect, con-
nate at the tips, pubescent, ciliate with long vibratile clavate hairs.—
K. Schum. in Eng!. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272, fig. 81a.
Mozamb. Dist. German Eagi Africa: Silai, Holst, 3583.
I have not seen this species, but it would appear to be allied to and may prove to-
be the same as C. mozambicensis, Schlechter, The dimensions of the flower are
taken from the figures quoted.
20. C. Perrottetii, V. Z. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 308. Stem
twining, about 1 lin. thick, glabrous. Leaves glabrous on both sides,
apparently fleshy; petiole 3-44 (or more) lin. long; blade 6-8 lin.
long, 5-6 lin. broad, ovate, acute, apiculate, cordate or subcordate at
the base. Peduncles lateral at the nodes, 14-3? in. long, with 2-3
distant pairs or clusters of 3—4 flowers racemosely scattered along them,
glabrous ; pedicels 3-4 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1} lin. long, lanceo-
late, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla about 11 Jin. long in the dried state ;
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 449
tube 9 lin. long, glabrous outside, inflated and 2 lin. in diam. at the
base, 4 lin. in diam. at the funnel-shaped mouth; lobes 3 lin. long,
connivent and cohering at the tips, deltoid-ovate, acute, replicate, quite
glabrous, not ciliate, apparently dark purple.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrottet, 791!
Described from a specimen in the herbarium of the British Museum, which [
have not dissected.
21. C. scandens, V. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 262. Root
fibrous, not tuberous (Welwitsch). Glabrous on all the green parts.
Stem twining, moderately stout, about } in. thick. Leaves rather
fleshy and limp (Welwitsch); petiole 6-10 lin. long; blade 2-3} in.
long, 14-14 in. broad, ovate, oblong-ovate or elliptic-ovate, acuminate
or acute, broadly rounded or emarginate at the base, membranous
in the dried state, minutely ciliolate. Peduncles 3-1 in. long, umbel-
lately 4—10-flowered ; bracts 14-24 lin. long, subulate, more or less
revolute at the tips; pedicels 5-6 lin. long. Sepals 24-3 lin. long,
subulate, with revolute tips. Corolla-tube 9-10 lin. long, curved above
the slightly inflated base, where it is 2 lin. in diam., funnel-shaped
and 4—5 lin. in diam. at the mouth, glabrous outside and inside; lobes
» lin. long, erect, connate at the tips, oblong-ovate, replicate, ciliate to
their base with vibratile purple hairs, otherwise glabrous, keeled within ;
keel somewhat bulging at the middle. (Outside of corolla pale sulphur-
yellow spotted with blood-red; inside of the lobes covered with long
white hairs at the apex, and marked at their middle with a large black-
purple spot, Welwitsch.) Outer coronal-lobes } lin. long, bifid; teeth
erect, ciliate with long hairs on their outer margin; inner coronal-
lobes 3 lin. long, much overtopping the staminal-column, erect, linear,
subacute, glabrous.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 696.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto, hills by the Coango River, near
Sange, rare and solitary, Welwitsch, 4273! 42733!
22. ©. Meyeri-Johannis, Lngl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 343.
Stem twining, rather slender, pubescent with short curved retrorse
hairs. Leaves herbaceous; petiole 4-3? in. long; blade 1-1} in. long,
2-1 in. broad, cordate-ovate or cordate-oblong, acuminate, with an acute
basal sinus 2-3 lin. deep, pubescent on both sides. Peduncles 4~7 lin,
long, pubescent, umbellately many-flowered; bracts 4-1 lin. long,
lanceolate, pubescent ; pedicels 3}—6 lin. long, glabrous or with here and
there a hair. Sepals 24 lin. long, linear, acute, with recurving tips,
hispidulous-pubescent. Corolla glabrous outside; tube # in. long,
abruptly curved nearly at a right-angle just above the ovoid- or globose-
inflated base, which is 24-3 lin. in diam., cylindric and 1} lin. in diam.
above, broadly and shortly dilated into a funnel-shaped mouth about 4-5
lin. in diam.; mouth and upper part of the tube hairy within, glabrous
in the lower part ; lobes } in. long, narrowly linear from a broadly deltoid
base, replicate, incurved and connate at their tips, hairy on their inner
face. Outer corona 1} lin. long, deeply cup-shaped, 10-toothed to
nearly half-way down ; teeth linear, acute, erect, glabrous ; inner coronal-
VOL. IV. 2G
450 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). [ Ceropegia.
lobes erect, 1 lin. long, spathulate-linear, obtuse, only slightly overtop-
ping the outer corona, glabrous.—K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.
327, t. 40, fig. A-E, corona very inaccurate, and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv., ii, 272, fig. 81, C.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000 ft., Johnston !
between 900 and 5400 ft., Meyer, 196 (ex Engler).
23. C. purpurascens, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 152.
Stem twining, slender, }—-} lin. thick, glabrous. Leaves herbaceous ;
petiole 24-5 lin. long; blade 3 to 12 in. long, 44-10 lin. broad, oblong,
ovate-oblong or rarely broadly elliptic, acute, mucronulate, truncate
or acute at the base, glabrous. Peduncles umbellately several-flowered,
glabrous. Sepals 2 lin. long, subulate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous.
Corolla 94 lin. long ; tube inflated at the base; lobes about as long as
the tube, attenuate into linear tails from an ovate-triangular base,
incurved over the mouth of the tube in the form of a globe and con-
nate at their tips, ciliate. Outer corona } lin. long, cup-shaped,
10-toothed ; inner coronal-lobes linear-subspathulate three times as long
as the outer corona.
Lower Guinea. Angola: near Pungo Andongo, Mechow, 122.
I have not seen this plant, which is stated to be allied to C. leucotenia, K.
Schum., and C. ringens, A. Rich.
24. C. fusiformis, NV. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 273. Stem
twining, glabrous, moderately slender ; internodes 4—7 in. long. Leaves
(only 3 seen) petiolate; petiole 6-8 lin. long; blade 14-24 in. long,
3-11 in. broad, ovate or elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate,
apiculate, cuneately narrowed into the petiole at the base, glabrous,
minutely and sparsely ciliolate on the margins. -Peduncles lateral, 1-1}
in. long, subumbellately 6-10-flowered, glabrous ; floral axis ultimately
2-7 lin. long; bracts minute, $-3 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels 3-4 lin.
long, glabrous. Sepals 2 lin. long, elongate-ovate at the base, acuminate
into a complicate-subulate point. Corolla-tube rather abruptly curved
near the base and about 14 in. or rather more in length along the curve,
ovoid-inflated and about 2 lin. in diam. at the base, then narrowed and
again enlarged into a fusiform inflation about 3 lin. in diam. at the middle,
then dilated intoafunnel-shaped mouth 4 lin. in diam., glabrous outside,
hairy within in the basal part; lobes erect, 4-43 lin. long, connate at
the tips, broadly deltoid, strongly replicate, with the keels formed by the
folds straight, all meeting at the centre and terminating at the base 1n
nearly a right-angle, quite glabrous on both sides, not ciliate. Outer
coronal-lobes } lin. long, ? lin, broad, erect, broadly ovate-deltoid,
minutely bifid or emarginate at the apex, glabrous outside, clothed with
long retrorse hairs within ; inner coronal-lobes 1} lin. long, much over-
topping the staminal-column, connivent-erect, flat, oblong-linear, nar-
rowed at the base and there dorsally connected with the outer corona,
covered with rather long hairs on the back.
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 451
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Krobo Plains, Johnson. 499! Lagos: Abeo-
kuta, Millen, 89 (1895 collection) !
25. ©. Johnsoni, V. £. Br. Stem twining, 1-1} lin. thick, quite
glabrous, even on the youngest parts. Leaves spreading, herbaceous ;
petiole 4-1 in. long, clothed with a short spreading pubescence ; blade
1$-43 in. long, #-2 in. broad, ovate, oblong or ovate-oblong, varying
from obtuse to acuminate, but always terminating in a slender linear-
filiform point 14-2} lin. long, cordate at the base, very thinly pubescent
or almost glabrous above, densely pubescent with spreading hairs on
the midrib and principal veins beneath, and thinly so between them.
Cymes pedunculate, umbellately 3—6-flowered ; peduncles }—1 in. long,
with very short spreading hairs; bracts very minute ; pedicels 3-6 lin.
long, shortly hairy. Sepals 2 lin. long, } lin. broad, linear, acute,
applied to the base of the corolla, spreading at the tips, shortly hairy.
Corvlla curved ; tube 14-1} in. long, 2 lin. in diam. at the ovoid inflated
base, narrower above, 5 lin. in diam. at the funnel-shaped mouth, appa-
rently dull purple in the lower part, whitish, spotted with purple on the
dilated upper part, greenish inside the throat, thinly pubescent outside,
pubescent within in the lower part; lobes 4 lin. long, erect, cohering at
the incurved tips, replicate, very broad, 24-3 lin. across when folded,
whitish, veined with purple on the upper part and with green on the
basal part, thinly pubescent on both sides, with a few short hairs at
the cohering tips. Outer corona about 2 lin. long, cup-shaped, 5-lobed ;
lobes 4 lin. long, } lin. broad, subrectangular, obtuse or emarginate,
somewhat spreading, concave, ciliate with rather long hairs ; inner
‘coronal-lobes 1} lin. long, erect, linear-filiform, shortly revolute at the
apex. Follicles 10-11 in. long, 2—2} lin. thick, linear-terete, beaked
at the apex, glabrous. Seeds 4 in. long, 14 lin. broad, linear-oblong,
tapering into a short beak, dark brown, surrounded by a broad
thickened light brown border, crowned with a tuft of long white hairs.
Upper Guinea, Gold Coast: Aburi, Johnson, 768!
The corolla-tube of all the flowers exam‘ned was filled with many small flies, all
‘apparently of one species.
26. C. leucotzenia, X. Schum. in Engl, Jahrb. xvii. 151, Tuber
depressed hemispherical (Welwitsch). Stem twining, herbaceous, rather
‘slender, with a spreading pubescence. Leaves herbaceous; petiole
5-8 lin. long, pubescent ; blade 14-24 in. long, 5-10 lin. broad, ovate-
lanceolate to oblong, acuminate, cordate at the base (truncate or sub-
cordate, Schumann), pubescent on both sides, but the hairs are shorter
and more numerous beneath. Cymes umbel-like, subsessile, 4—6-
flowered ; bracts 14-21 lin. long, villous; pedicels 4-4 in. long, slender,
villous. Sepals 24-3 lin. long, subulate, villous. Corolla straight ;
tube cylindric, very slightly inflated at the base, about 4 lin. long,
14-1} lin. in diam., glabrous, pale sulphur-yellow outside, more intense
-within, with two purple bands at the base and another near the top;
lobes about 3 lin. long, erect, linear, cohering at the tips, replicate,
pubescent on the back, glabrous within, with a narrow wing-like keel
a]
b
452 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). | Ceropegia..
down their face, pale yellowish or whitish, with blackish lines extending
a little way down the tube. Outer coronal-lobes arising } lin. above the
base of the staminal-column, exceedingly short, spreading, transverse,
distantly 2-toothed, dark-coloured; inner coronal-lobes } lin. long,
connivent-erect, slightly clavate, blackish, much overtopping the
incumbent anthers.—Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272, fig. 81,
B; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 695.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 417! Pungo Andongo; near
Quibanga, very rare, Welwitsch, 4271! and without precise locality, Mechow, 80"
(ex Schumann), Golungo Alto ; Queta Mountains, near Carengue, Welwitsch, 4270!
27. ©. Giletii, De Wild. & Durand in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
xxxviii. 95. Stem twining, terete, pubescent. Leaves: petiole about
24 lin. long; blade about 17 lin. long, 7 lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, rounded or cordate at the base, with scattered hairs above,.
rather softly pubescent beneath. Umbels subaxillary, from one axil,
sessile, several-flowered; bracts linear, villous; pedicels 8 lin. long,.
villous. Sepals 4 lin. long, linear-subulate. Corolla about 7 lin. long:
tube about 4 lin. long, 1 lin. in diam., slightly inflated at the base, sparsely:
pilose, violaceous at the base and with a narrow violet band around the
middle; lobes about 4} in. long, linear, replicate, cohering at the tips,
puberulous outside, violaceous, longitudinally striated on the inner face..
Corona undescribed. Follicles 14 in. long, 1 lin. thick, glabrous,
longitudinally striated.
Sontedad Guinea. Congo Free State: Lower Congo; near Dembo (Ndembo),.
Gillet.
I have not seen this species, which is closely allied to C. leucotenia, K. Schum.,.
and (according to the description) only appears to differ in having the corolla-tube
pilose outside.
28. C. papillata, V. HZ. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 308. Stem
twining, about % lin. thick, pubescent all round with short curved
hairs. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole }~1 in. long ; blade 14-24 in. long,
4-1 in. broad, elongate-ovate, very acuminate, cordate at the base, with
short rounded lobes, densely and minutely pubescent or subtomentose
on both sides. Cymes umbel-like, sessile or subsessile, rarely with a
very short peduncle, 10~—20-flowered; bracts 2-4 lin. long, linear—
subulate, pubescent; pedicels 4-5 lin. long, slender, pubescent
with short spreading hairs. Sepals 3 lin. long, }-3 lin. broad, linear-
lanceolate, acute, pubescent on the back. Corolla 1 in. long, straight,
or nearly so, dull green at the basal part of the tube, pallid (whitish 2),
above, the apical half of the lobes and the margins of their basal half
blackish-green ; tube 9-94 lin. long, ovoid-inflated and 2 lin. in diam. ab
the base, cylindric and 3-3? lin. in diam. above, scarcely or not at all
dilated at the mouth, glabrous on both sides, but strongly papillate or
tuberculate along the veins within the inflated part; lobes 3 lin. long,
} lin. broad, erect, connate at the tips, linear, replicate, keeled dow?
the upper part within, glabrous on the back, villous with rather long
white hairs within. Outer corona arising } lin. above the base of the-
‘Ceropegia. | LXXKV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 453
# lin. long staminal-column and much exceeding it, shortly cup-shaped
at the base, with 5 erect linear more or less bifid lobes or teeth ?
lin. long, glabrous, white; inner coronal-lobes 2—} lin. long, connivent-
erect, linear, white, glabrous. Anthers oblong, incumbent on the
‘truncate apex of the style.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: plateau of Mount Zomba, 5000-
‘6000 ft., Whyte /
29. ©. calearata, V. #. Br. Stem slender, twining, thinly
covered with a minute reflexed pubescence mingled with a few longer
hairs. Leaves herbaceous, spreading ; petiole 8-15 lin. long, pubescent ;
blade 14-4 in. long, 3-3 in. broad, cordate-ovate, obtusely pointed or
shortly acuminate ; basal lobes about 2-9 lin. long, rounded, in young
plants separated by a narrow sinus, in older plants overlapping and
enclosing a small rhomboid sinus; upper surface green, thinly pubes-
cent; under surface paler, puberulous. Cymes sessile or subsessile,
umbellately 3-6-flowered in young plants, densely many-flowered in
adult plants; flowers opening in pairs or in succession ; pedicels 3-5
lin. long, rather slender, glabrous. Sepals applied to the base of the
corolla, 1} lin. long, } lin. broad, subulate, acute, somewhat gibbous at
the very base, with a few minute hairs on the back. Corolla (when in
bud) with 5 short horizontal spurs at the base of the obtuse narrowly
conical limb; tube 9 lin. long, slightly curved immediately above the
very abruptly inflated base, which is depressed pear-shaped, 2 lin. long,
24 lin. in diam.; middle part slender, cylindric, 3 lin. in diam.,
dilated at the apex into a funnel-shaped mouth 3 lin. in diam. ;
outside glabrous, dull purple; inside dark purple in the lower part,
passing into dark green above, and at the mouth veined with dark
green on a whitish ground, thinly pubescent with long and short hairs
in the mouth, glabrous in the lower part, with numerous longitudinal
tuberculate ribs in the inflated part; lobes 3 lin. long, straight, conni-
vent-erect, connate at the tips, linear from a deltoid base, replicate,
glabrous on the back, dark green within on the margins and at the
apex, whitish with a dark green central line on the lower part of the
face, covered with deflexed simple hairs on the margins and central
part of the keel-like face, those on the face longest. Outer corona
arising at the base of the staminal-column, 1 lin. long, cup-shaped, 5-
lobed to half-way down, pure white, with the tips of the lobes red and
with 5 black spots at the base inside, glabrous; lobes } lin. long and as
much in breadth at the base, erect or slightly incurved, deltoid-
oblong, minutely bifid or 3-toothed at the apex; inner coronal-lobes
very much longer than the anthers, 1 lin. long, filiform, connivent-
erect, recurved at the apex, dorsally adnate to the outer corona at the
very base, glabrous, white, marked with light green at the base, blood-
red or carmine at the recurved tips. Anthers narrowly oblong, obtuse,
yellow.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Zomba, Mahon!
Described from a living plant sent to Kew by Mr. John Mahon, which flowered
in September 1899.
454 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADES (BROWN). [ Ceropegia..
Allied to C. papillata, N. E. Br., but the more slender flowers, glabrous pedicels,.
spurred buds, shorter depressed pear-shaped inflation at the base of the corolla,
broader mouth of the tube and different coloration of the corolla, easily dis-
tinguish it.
30. C. Meyeri, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 645. Stem twining,
pubescent. Leaves herbaceous; petiole 4-6 lin. long; blade 1-1?
in. long, $—3 in. broad, ovate, narrowed into a blunt point, rounded or
somewhat cordate at the base, near which the margins are often
slightly undulate or crisped, pubescent on both sides. Umbels sessile
at the nodes, 2-4-flowered; pedicels 34-4 lin. long, slender, pubescent.
Sepals 2-4 lin. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla 14-14 in. long, straight :
tube 12-13 lin. long, inflated, cylindric-oblong for two-thirds of its
length, about } in. in diam., tapering above to about 14 in, in diam.,
abruptly dilated at the mouth to about 24 lin. in diam., glabrous on
both sides, whitish, marked with purple-brown lines; lobes 4-43
lin. long, connivent-erect or inarching, connate at the tips, linear,
replicate, glabrous on both sides, ciliate with long hairs, apparently
blackish-purple. Outer corona 3 lin. long, arising ? lin. above the
base of the staminal-column, cup-shaped, with 5 elongate-deltoid acute
teeth as long as the tubular part, glabrous; inner coronal-lobes
1 lin. long, connivent-erect, linear-spathulate, obtuse. The entire
corona white, variegated with blackish-purple.—Schlechter in Engl.
Jahrb. xx. Beibl. 51, 47. C. pubescens, E. Meyer, Comment. 193, not
of Wallich.
Mozamb. Dist. Tropical Transvaal: among shrubs by the rivers Litonandoa
and Limvovo, 1800 ft., Schlechter, 4527.
I have not seen a tropical specimen of this plant, and describe it from South
African material.
31. C. convolvuloides, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 47. Stem
twining, covered with spreading hairs. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole
5-15 lin. long, pubescent with spreading hairs; blade 2-3} in. long;
3-21 in. broad, cordate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, cordate at
the base, softly pubescent on both sides. Cymes umbel-like, 12-20-
flowered ; peduncles 3-6 lin. long, pubescent with spreading hairs ;
bracts 14-3 lin. long, narrowly lanceolate or subulate, acute, pubescent ;
pedicels 3-6 lin. long, pubescent with spreading hairs. Sepals 2-24
lin. long, 3—3 lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate, acute, pubescent like the
pedicels. Corolla 10-12 lin. long, covered outside with a short spreading
pubescence, glabrous in all parts within ; tube 6-7 lin. long, 1? lin. 10
diam. at the inflated base, above which it is slightly curved and
cylindric, shortly funnel-shaped and about 2 lin. in diam. at the mouth,
blackish-purple within, except at the apex and base ; lobes 4—5 lin. long,
greenish-black within, ovate in the basal part, linear above, replicate,
erect, connate at the apex, gibbous-carinate within near the base,
where, at the sinuses, they are externally produced downwards into five
spur-like projections 14-1} lin. long. Outer corona 14-1} lin. long,
cup-shaped at the base, with 5 erect oblong lobes } lin. long, bifid to
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 455
half-way down, the segments linear and divergent-curved at their tips ;
inner coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, erect, linear, arising just within the
sinuses between the lobes of the outer corona and neither incumbent
on, nor inflexed over the anthers. Staminal-column 4-2 lin. long ;
filaments of the stamens very shortly free above their attachment to
the dilated top of the style; anthers small, oblong, inflexed over the
convex top of the style—Walp. Ann. iii. 67. C. ringens, Vatke in
Linnea, xl. 219; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 343; K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 272, fig. 81, E, not of A. Rich.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder; Gomaro Valley, 6500 ft., Schimper,
1171! and mountain slopes towards the River Reb, 7500 ft., Schimper, 1240!
Shireh Province, Quartin Dillon (ex Richard).
32. GC. Lugardez, NV. L. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1901, xxx. 302.
Stem twining or rambling, 1-1} lin. thick, glabrous; internodes
14-44 in. long. Leaves thin, herbaceous, green, spreading ; petiole 4—6
lin. long, terete, channelled above, puberulous in the channel; blade
2-2 in. long, $-1 in. broad, oblong, notched at the apex, with an
apiculus or cusp in the notch, or occasionally obtuse, apiculate, cordate,
subtruncate, rounded or cuneate at the base, flat or wavy, giabrous on
both sides, very minutely ciliate on the margins. Cymes lateral at the
nodes, subumbellately 3—6-flowered, the flowers developing successively ;
peduncles 4-14 in. long, }~% lin. thick, glabrous ; bracts minute, subu-
late; pedicels 3-6 lin. long, glabrous, green, spotted with purple
towards the apex. Sepals 14-2 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, subulate,
glabrous, purple-dotted. Corolla-tube about 1 in. long, abruptly curved
immediately above the globose-inflated base, which is about } in. in
diam. and has 5 depressions outside on the lower part opposite the
sepals, forming a slight constriction there, cylindric above the inflation,
and dilated at the apex into a funnel-shaped mouth about 4 in. in
diam. ; outside white at the very base, very light green on the inflated
part, then white passing into sulphur-yellow on the dilated part, and
except at the very base covered with purple spots ; inside hairy at the
base and in the upper half, glabrous in the middle part, rich blackish-
crimson on the basal half, sulphur-yellow above, with the purple spots
on the outside faintly showing through; lobes 9-10 lin. long,
connivent-erect, connate at the tips, broadly deltoid in the basal half,
linear-spathulate in the upper half, replicate, sulphur-yellow (pale
greenish, veined with purplish-brown on the basal part, according to
Mrs. Lugard’s drawing), ciliate with very fine white hairs on the
margins and on the basal part of the keel inside. Outer corona 1
lin. long, cup-shaped, 5-lobed; lobes about 2 lin. long, deltoid-ovate,
bifid to nearly half-way down, with parallel teeth, dark purple-brown,
covered with long white simple hairs on the inner side; inner coronal-
lobes 14 lin. long, standing high above the staminal-column, stoutly
filiform, obtuse, connivent-erect, with recurved tips, hairy and purple-
brown at the base where adnate to the outer corona, glabrous and
yellow above, with purplish tips.
456 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Ceropegia.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland ; Kwebe Hills, 3000 ft.,
Mrs. Lugard, 262! also a cultivated specimen, Mrs. Lugard /
Described partly from Mrs. E. J. Lugard’s dried specimen and drawing, and
partly from a living plant presented by her to Kew.
33. C. kwebensis, V. HZ. Br. Stem twining, slender, about # lin.
thick, puberulous; internodes 4-5 in. long. ‘Leaves spreading, herba-
ceous ; petiole 6-10 lin. long, puberulous; blade 13-2? in. long, 4-1}
in, broad, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate, very broadly rounded
or slightly cordate at the base, when young minutely puberulous on both
sides, afterwards almost glabrous above and puberulous on the veins
beneath. Cymes axillary, umbellately 10-15-flowered, the flowers
developing successively ; peduncles 8-9 lin. long, slender, with a minute
scattered pubescence along one side; bracts minute, subulate ; pedicels
4—5 lin. long, slender, glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, } lin. broad, subu-
late, glabrous. Corolla-tube 2—? in. long, bent at a right-angle imme-
diately above the slightly inflated base, which is 2—2} lin. in diam.,
cylindric and 13 lin. in diam. above, dilated into a funnel-shaped mouth
3} lin. in diam., green and glabrous outside, purplish, or dull reddish-
brown inside and very sparsely beset with long and very fine hairs;
lobes 6-10 lin. long, linear from a short deltoid base 14 lin. broad, erect,
connate at the tips, replicate, green, ciliate and with long fine purple
hairs on the inner face. Outer corona cup-shaped, white, tinted with
mauve and margined with red, 10-toothed ; teeth } lin. long, approxl-
mate and parallel in pairs behind the inner coronal-lobes, hairy ; inner
coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, } lin. broad or thick, much exceeding the
staminal-column, stout, compressed ? faleate, very obtuse, erect, with
the tips directed outwards, slightly hairy, white, tinted with mauve on
the basal part.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland; Kwebe Hills, at
3400 ft., apparently rare, Mrs. Lugard, 116!
34. ©. racemosa, V. ZL. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 262. Stem
twining, rather slender, glabrous. Leaves probably thinly fleshy ;
petiole 14-3 lin. long; blade 14-2 in. long, 4—9 lin. broad, lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, apiculate, rounded at the. base,
glabrous, but scaberulous above near and along the narrowly revolute
margins. Peduncles racemosely few (2—4 2-) flowered, glabrous, includ-
ing the flowering part 1-4 in. long; flowers 4-1} in. apart; bracts
opposite, } lin. long, acute; pedicels 24-3 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals
1} lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla straight, but
slightly oblique at its insertion, glabrous outside ; tube about # in. long;
cylindric, rather slender and about 1} lin. in diam. in the lower two-
thirds, not inflated at the base; mouth broadly funnel-shaped, about
4-4} lin. in diam. ; inside throughout its length clothed with long
straight hairs ; lobes 6-7 lin. long, straight, connivent and cohering at
the tips, linear from a somewhat dilated base, replicate, fringed with
long hairs along the fold within. Outer coronal-lobes very deeply
divided, forming 10 obliquely deltoid subacute teeth about } in. long,
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 457
wising to the level of the anthers, ciliate with long hairs; inner
oronal-lobes 1 lin. long, connivent-erect, linear, with revolute tips,
glabrous.
Nile Land. Jur: Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 2105!
35. C. setifera, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xx. Beibl. 51, 48.
Stem twining, thinly pilose. Leaves 3-23 in. long, 5-16 lin. broad,
-ovate-oblong, acuminate or acute, rarely subcordate at the base, sparsely
pilose, ciliate. | Cymes lateral, lax, few-flowered, as long as the leaves
or a little longer. Sepals 14 lin. long, linear, lanceolate, subacute, pube-
rulous. Corolla 12-14 lin, long, subclavate ; tube slightly inflated at the
base, glabrous outside, thinly pilose with white hairs inside ; lobes short,
lanceolate-triangular, connate at the apex, reflexed at the margins,
‘thinly pilose within. Outer coronal-lobes connate at the base into a
short tube, free part subquadrate, deeply bifid at the apex; segments
divaricate, falcate-lanceolate, setaceous-acuminate; inner coronal-lobes
linear, erect, with reflexed tips, much longer than the outer corona.
Mozamb. Dist. Tropical Transvaal : near Mahilas Kop, 2500 ft., Schlechter,
4515; near Valdesia, bank of the Limvovo River, 1800 ft., Schlechter, 4543.
T have not seen this species. From the statement that the cymes are as long as
the leaves, I have assumed in the key to the species that they are pedunculate.
36. ©. pachystelma, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xx. Beibl. 51, 47
Stem twining, more or less pilose. Leaves subcoriaceous ; petiole 24-5 lin.
long ; blade 4-2 in. long, 4-1 in. broad, ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate,
subcoriaceous, glabrescent or thinly puberulous. Cymes lateral, subumbel-
late, few-flowered ; peduncle scarcely exceeding the petiole, puberulous ;
pedicels equalling the peduncle, slender, deflexed after flowering. Sepals
danceolate or lanceolate-triangular, acute, slightly pilose. Corolla about
I in. long; tube about 101in. long, globose-inflated and 24 lin. in diam.
-at the base, slightly dilated at the-mouth ; lobes 2} lin. long, erect, con-
nate at the apex, linear-oblong, reflexed along the margins, glabrous
outside, tomentose-villous within. Outer corona cup-shaped, with very
‘obtuse semi-orbicular lobes, thickened at the margin; inner coronal-
lobes erect, linear-oblong, obtuse, dilated below the middle, much longer
than the outer corona.
Mozamb. Dist. Tropical Transvaal: near Valdesia, on the banks of the
‘Limvovo, 18009 ft., Schlechter, and near Mahilas Kop, 2500 ft., Schlechter, 4511.
Also in South Africa. I have not seen this species.
37. ©. paricyma, V. #. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 309.
Stem apparently solitary, about 2 ft. long, twining at the top, slender,
slightly pubescent. Leaves spreading; petiole 3-8 lin. long ; blade 1-2
in. long, $-1 in. broad, oblong-ovate, tapering to a blunt point, cordate
-at the base, or the lowest leaves cuneately narrowed into the petiole,
-sparsely pubescent on both sides. Cymes in pairs, subsessile at the
nodes, 4—6-flowered ; bracts 4~3 lin. long, subulate; pedicels 3-5 lin.
long, slender, glabrous. Sepals 1-1} lin. long, } lin. broad, lanceolate-
subulate, subglabrous. Corolla-tube straight, 7-74 lin. long, inflated
458 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Ceropegia..
and 24 lin. in diam. at the dark purple base, pallid (whitish ?) above,
gradually tapering to about 1} lin. in diam. at the base of the lobes,
glabrous ; lobes erect, cohering at the tips, 3} lin. long, linear-spathulate
trom broad deltoid bases (which, at the sinuses, are reflexed for about
2 lin. below the mouth of the tube, and in the bud form 5 short, blunt,
deflexed spurs), replicate throughout their length, fringed with rather
long hairs in the lower part, blackish at the mouth of the tube and
base of the lobes, shading into blackish-green or dark dull green in ©
the upper part. Outer corona? of 5 subulate broad-based processes,.
1} lin. long, erect at the base, then bending outwards, with the tips.
shortly erect.
Mozamb. Dist. Lake Nyasa, Simons !
In the flower examined, I was unable to make out the exact structure of the-
corona, and the processes described may possibly belong to the inner corona.
38. C. angusta, V. LE. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 261. Roots
thick and fleshy, fusiform, fasciculate. Stem twining, 4—8 ft. long,.
very slender, glabrous. Leaves widely spreading; petiole 2-4 lin.
long ; blade 1-24 in. long, 13-3 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute or
obtuse, mucronulate, rounded and subpeltate at the base, glabrous, with
narrowly revolute sparsely and minutely scabrid margins; peduncles:
3-9 lin. long, 1-2-flowered, glabrous; flowers 4-1} lin. apart; bracts
minute ; pedicels 24-3 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1} lin. long, lanceo-
late-attenuate, glabrous. Corolla straight ; tube 43-5 lin. long, 1} lin.
in diam. at the ovoid-inflated base, cylindric above and scarcely widened.
at the mouth, which is 1}-1} lin. in diam., glabrous and minutely
papillate-rugulose outside, glabrous within; lobes 2 lin. long, 1-1} lin...
broad, erect, connate at the tips, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, replicate
(with apparently involute margins), fringed with long hairs along the
narrow keel on the face. Outer coronal-lobes very deeply bifid, forming
10 obliquely deltoid teeth 4 lin. long adnate to the base of the inner
coronal-lobes, reaching to or above the level of the anthers, fringed with
rather long hairs ; inner coronal-lobes ? lin. long, connivent-erect, linear,.
glabrous. Follicles 44 in. long, slender, terete-attenuate, divergent-
reflexed, glabrous.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 695.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in the Presidium, by the
streams of Pedra de Cazella, Welwitseh, 4275! 4276!
39. C. debilis, V. Z. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1895, xviii. 358. Tuber
flattened, with a short woody neck, producing several slender weak
stems 3—4 ft. long, about $ lin. thick, twining (or sometimes pendulous
under cultivation), glabrous. Leaves 14-24 in. apart, $-1} in. long,
3-1 lin. broad, fleshy, semiterete, slightly channelled down the face,
acute, more or less curved, glabrous, light green; midrib rather stout.
and prominent beneath. Peduncles 4-4 in. long, glabrous, umbellately.
1—3-flowered ; bracts minute ; pedicels 14-2 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals
#-1 lin. long, lanceolate or subulate, acute, glabrous. Corolla slightly
bent above the inflation, glabrous outside ; tube 74-10 lin. long, 2 lin..
in diam. at the ovoid-intlated base, cylindric above, scarcely enlarged.
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 459
and about 24 lin. in diam. at the mouth, greenish-white, tinged a faint
dull purple outside, pale purplish within, having a few deflexed hairs.
in the upper part ; lobes 3-3) lin. long, erect, connate at the tips,
linear from a deltoid base, replicate, keeled along the fold within,
greenish, blackish-purple on the keel, covered with rather long deflexed
hairs on the inner face. Outer corona } lin. long, white, somewhat
cup-shaped, shortly 10-lobulate ; 5 of the lobules alternating with the
anthers, forming small truncate slightly ciliate pouches, the other 5
- Opposite the inner coronal-lobes, erect, obtuse ; inner coronal-lobes 1-1}
lin, long, erect, narrowly lanceolate, acute, white.—Gard. Chron. 1901,
_ Xxix. 238, fig. 89.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Zombe, cultivated speci-
men, Buchanan !
Described from a cultivated plant sent to Mr. J. O’Brien by Mr. John
Buchanan, In the dried state the leaves are filiform and much more slender than
described above, but in the figure in the Gardeners’ Chronicle they are represented
as being much stouter than any I have seen.
40. C. stenantha, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 152. Stem
twining, rather slender, glabrous. Leaves thin in the dried state, pro-
bably somewhat fleshy when alive; petiole 2—4 lin. long ; blade 1-2 in.
long, 2-6 Jin. broad, lanceolate, acute, apiculate, cuneate-acute at the
base, glabrous on both sides, ciliolate on the margin with a few adpressed
distant hairs; midrib prominent beneath. Cymes umbel-like, sub-
lateral at the nodes, 3—6-flowered ; peduncles 14-6 lin. long, glabrous ;
bracts minute, subulate, glabrous; pedicels 4-2 lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals 1 lin. long, scarcely } lin. broad, subulate, acute, suberect, gla-
brous. Corolla straight, glabrous outside and on the lobes within,
thinly pilose with extremely fine hairs inside at the base and middle of
the tube, apparently concolorous or with the lobes rather darker than
the tube, probably greenish ; tube 5—6 lin. long, slightly inflated and
about 1} lin. in diam. in the basal half, tapering above, not dilated at
the mouth, which is about 3-1 lin. in diam.; lobes 5-6 lin. long,
scarcely 4 lin. broad, linear, replicate, erect, slightly curved, connate at
the tips, not ciliate. Outer corona of 5 minute pouches alternating
with the anthers; inner coronal-lobes } lin. long, flat, linear-lanceolate,.
obtuse, erect or connivent to about their middle, then recurving,
glabrous.
Wile Land. Jur: Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 2104!
Var. parvifolia, N. E. Br. Leaves, at least on the terminal flowering part of
the stem, much shorter than the flowers they subtend, {-} in. long (including the
short petiole), 4-1 lin. broad, linear, mucronate, glabrous, ciliate on the margins.
Cymes or umbel-like racemes subsessile or with a flowering axis 2—5 lin, long ;
pedicels 2-2} lin. long, glabrous. Calyx, corolla and corona as in the type.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Coast district, Hannington! British
Central Africa : Rhodesia ; central Leshumo Valley, Holub !
41. C. infausta, V. FE. Br. Stem twining, slender, glabrous.
Leaves membranous; petiole 24—4 lin. long; blade 3-2? in. long, 4-8
“460 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Ceropegia.
lin. broad, lanceolate-oblong or oblong, acute, narrowed at the base,
minutely denticulate or serrulate, glabrous on both sides. Umbels
from one axil of each pair of leaves, 3—6-flowered ; bracts subulate, gla-
‘brous; pedicels slender, glabrous. Sepals 2-2} lin. long, subulate,
glabrous. Corolla glabrous; tube 7 lin. long, slightly inflated and
‘somewhat curved; lobes 6 lin. long, narrowly linear, cohering at the
‘tips, subsagittate at the base, with replicate margins. Coronal-lobes
very short, truncate, the outer (inner ?) clavate. Staminal-column 1
lin. long.—Riocreuwia longiflora, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 459.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: between Khutu and Uhehe at the
River Mloha, 2900 ft., Goetze, 495z.
Unknown to me. According to the description this plant is a Ceropegia, and
appears to be very closely allied to C. stenantha, K. Schum. The specifie name
given by K. Schumann is already occupied under Ceropegia. The author does not
state whether the umbels are sessile or pedunculate.
42. C. floribunda, V. Z. Br. Stem twining, }-1 lin. thick,
glabrous; internodes 13-34 in. long in the flowering part. Leaves
apparently fleshy, rather rigid in the dried state ; petiole 1-3 lin. long ;
blade 3-1 in. long, }—3 in. broad (probably larger in the lower leaves),
-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or retuse, apiculate, broadly rounded or
somewhat cuneate at the base, glabrous above, sparsely and very
minutely pubescent beneath, very minutely ciliate. Flowers very
numerous, in dense sessile globose many-flowered umbels or clusters,
which are lateral at every node; bracts minute 4-2 lin. long, subulate,
glabrous; pedicels 1-14 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, linear-
‘subulate, glabrous. Corolla straight, glabrous outside, sparsely hairy
inside the cylindric part of the tube, green or yellowish-green, with bape
inflated part of the tube purplish on both sides; tube } in. long, 13-2
lin. in diam. at the globose-inflated base, cylindric and about ? lin. in
diam. above, not dilated at the mouth; lobes 4 in. long, 4 lin. broad at
‘the base, erect, connate at the tips, linear-attenuate, flat on the back,
not {replicate, glabrous, not ciliate. Outer corona 4 lin. long, wee
shaped, obtusely pentagonal, truncate, not toothed, glabrous, white;
inner-coronal lobes much exceeding the anthers, connivent-erect, 4 lin.
long, 4 lin. broad, linear-spathulate, very obtuse, glabrous, white.
Anthers ovate, obtusely apiculate. Follicles about 6 in. long and 4 in.
thick, terete, tapering to an acute apex, according to Mrs. Lugard’s
-drawing.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland ; Kwebe Hills, 3000 ft.,
very rare, Mrs. Lugard, 161!
43. ©. medoensis, V. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 262. Stem
erect, simple, shortly and softly villous, about 14 ft. high. Leaves dis-
tant; petiole $-1} lin. long; blade 3-2} in. long; 1-1} in. broad,
ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, subacute, rounded or subcordate at
the base, concolorous and shortly and softly pilose on both sides, with
the hairs rather denser at the ciliate margins. Flowers 1-2 at the apex
of the stem, large ; pedicels 2-4 lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 3-3} lin-
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 461
long, lanceolate-subulate, pubescent. Corolla straight, 2} in. long, very
sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous within, “dark reddish-violet out--
side, yellow inside up to the lower half of the lobes ” (Schumann); tube
13-13 in. long, inflated for 43-6 lin. at the base, narrowly funnel-.
shaped and probably 5-6 lin. in diam. at the mouth, about 1} lin. in.
diam. at the intermediate part; lobes about 1 in. long, connate for {-}
of their length at the elliptic-spathulate or obovate-spathulate more or:
less replicate apical part into a short broad apiculate cone or umbrella-.
like top, with a broad wing-like keel down their inner face; claw
linear. Outer corona arising about 4 lin. above the base of the
staminal-column, campanulate, 10-toothed ; tube $-3 lin. long; teeth
1-1} lin. long, linear, obtuse, glabrous ;_ inner coronal-lobes 1 lin. long,.
attaining the same level as the teeth of the outer corona, erect, subu-
late, glabrous, dorsally connected to the outer corona by 5 vertical
truncate partitions.—C. dichroantha, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx.
385.
Mozamb. Dist. (erman East Africa: Kondeland ; on Ukangu Mountain,
near Langenburg, Goetze, 839! Portuguese East Africa: Medo country ; between
Lujenda River and Ibo, Last /
Of C. dichroantha, I have seen only a leaf and one calyx from the type specimen,
which are perfectly identical with those of C. medoensis ; the description also quite
agrees with the latter species.
44, GC. umbraticola, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 153. Stem
herbaceous, erect from a curved base, puberulous and scaberulous above, .
glabrous in the lower part. Leaves: petiole 2—4 lin. long; blade 1-2
in. long, 4-9 lin. broad, ovate, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acute,
rounded at the base, minutely pubescent on both sides, 3-nerved at the
base. Flowers solitary, large; pedicels 4-10 lin. long, moderately
stout, puberulous. Sepals 24-3 lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate, puberu-
lous. Corolla nearly straight; tube 1} (24 Schumann) in. long, some-
what inflated in the lower half, scarcely dilated at the mouth, which is
about } in. in diam., pubescent outside on the upper two-thirds,
glabrous within; lobes about 1 in. long, 1-1} lin. broad at the base,
erect, linear, connate at the tips, reflexed or perhaps replicate along the
margins, pubescent on the back and ciliate with similar short hairs,
glabrous on the inner face. Outercorona arising from near the base of
the staminal-column, campanulate, 10-toothed ; tube 14 lin. long; teeth
1-1} lin. long, erect, linear, obtuse, sparsely covered on the inner face
and margins with long straight hairs; inner coronal-lobes % lin. long,
not nearly reaching the same level as the teeth of the outer corona,
linear, obtuse, glabrous, connivent-erect over the backs of the anthers,
dorsally connected to the outer corona by 5 vertical truncate partitions.
—Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. Siz, ng. Si, £-
Lower Guinea. Angola: near Malange, Mechow, 370 !
Schumann describes the corolla as being about 33 in. (8°5 em.) long, of which the
tube measures 24 in. (6 em.) in length, and states that the corolla-tube and the corona.
are both glabrous. I find them as described above.
462 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). | Ceropegia.
45. ©. campanulata, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 112. A small
bulbous-rooted plant (Don). Stem 6 in. high, 4 lin. thick, simple,
apparently not twining, pubescent in the upper part, 1—2-flowered.
Leaves erect, subsessile, 14-14 in. long, 3-1 lin. broad, linear, acute,
tapering at the base, minutely scaberulous along the margins and on
the midrib beneath. Flowers terminal; pedicel of the detached flower
broken, 2 lin. long, thinly puberulous at the apex. Sepals ascending,
2 lin. long, 3 lin. broad at the base, whence they gradually taper to an
acute point, thinly pubescent. Corolla about 2 in. long, straight ; tube
13 lin, long, 2? lin. in diam. at the inflated base, gradually narrowing
to 1} lin. in diam. at the middle, then dilating into a funnel-shaped
mouth 43 lin. in diam., glabrous outside ; lobes erect, cohering at their
tips, 10-11 lin. long, linear from a deltoid base, replicate, and in the
folded state } lin. broad, inside rather densely covered with woolly white
hairs.—Hook. Niger Fl. 457.
Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Accra, Don /
The above is compiled partly from Don’s brief description and partly from the
‘type specimen in the British Museum, which consists of a single stem 5} in. long,
with the top broken off, and a single detached flower, which I have not dissected.
The above measurements are taken from the dried flower, the colour of which is
pallid with a dark base to the tube, but Don describes it as dark purple-brown.
46. C. filipendula, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 150.
Rhizome short ; roots fusiform. Stem solitary, erect, simple, about 14
ft. high, ;4, in. thick, puberulous, subscabrid. Leaves very shortly
petiolate, herbaceous, 3-1} in. long, $-1 in. broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse
‘or somewhat acute, mucronulate, scabrid-puberulous on both sides.
Inflorescence terminal, racemose, about 4} in. long; pedicels short,
stout, puberulous. Sepals 2-24 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, puberu-
lous, ciliolate. Corolla 14-13 in. long; tube 6-8 lin. long, globose-
inflated at the base, broadly dilated at the mouth, minutely puberulous
‘outside; lobes as long as or rather longer than the tube, about 8 lin.
long, broadly ovate, connate at the apex, recurved along the margins
(replicate ?). Outer corona 1} lin. long, cup-shaped, 10-toothed; teeth
linear, glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes 2 lin. long, linear, erect, dorsally
connected at the base to the outer corona by 5 partitions, glabrous.—
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272, fig. 81, D, and 273.
Lower Guinea. Angola: near Cissacola in the neighbourhood of the River
‘Coango, Mechow, 5538.
47. ©, abyssinica, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 644. Tuber 3-1 in.
in diam., subglobose. Stem 3-1 ft. high, erect, simple, not twining,
hairy. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole 1-1} lin. long ; blade 1—1} in. long,
13-5 lin. broad, varying from oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-linear,
with scattered hairs on both sides. Flowers 1—3 (or more ?) at the
uppermost nodes (reduced sessile umbels), forming a moderately
compact, terminal, racemose inflorescence ; bracts 1-14 lin. long, subu-
late, hairy ; pedicels }~} in. long, clothed with spreading hairs, as are
also the 2} lin. long subulate sepals. Corolla straight, 11 lin. long;
Ceropegia. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 563
tube } in. long, about 2 lin. in diam., subcylindric, slightly constricted
just below the mouth, which is about 2 lin. in diam., glabrous outside
and inside, whitish, with the base and a band above the middle
purplish ; lobes 5 lin. long, erect, connate at the tips, spathulate; lower
half linear, 2 lin. broad, flat ; spathulate part 1-1} lin. broad, narrowly
elliptic, replicate, apparently blackish or greenish-black, which colour
extends to the mouth of the tube, outside sparsely pubescent towards
the tips, glabrous within. Corona arising about } lin. above the base
of the staminal-column, about 1 lin. long, black, quite glabrous; outer
coronal-lobes reduced to minute pallid notched pouches, reaching to
the level of the anthers; inner coronal-lobes } lin. long, connivent-
erect, linear, spathulate (? trigonous).—C. hirsuta, Hochst. ex Decne.
in DC. Prod. viii. 644.
Nile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre; near Gafta, Schimper, 1416! and without
precise locality, Schimper, 368!
Both A. Richard and Vatke have mistaken C. loranthiflora for this species.
48. C. vignaldiana, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 11. 48. Tuber
globose. Stem herbaceous, 3-4 in. high, not twining. Leaves }-1}4
in. long, 14-24 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute, attenuate at the
base, scarcely petiolate, glabrous. Umbels lateral, very shortly
pedunculate, 2~3-flowered; pedicels 2—3 lin. long. Sepals about 14
lin. long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube about 1 in. long, curved above
the globose-inflated base, rather slender, abruptly dilated at the mouth,
purplish at the base, greenish above; lobes about 34 lin. long, erect,
connate at the tips, linear from a deltoid base, replicate, yellowish-
green. Corona campanulate, with 5 long narrow ligulate (subulate ?)
acute lobes (probably the inner coronal-lobes, the outer ones are probably
small and pouch-like).—Walp. Ann. iii. 67.
Wile Land. Abyssinia: Wojerat; in the Sensata meadows, Petit (ex
Richard.)
I have only seen a drawing of this plant copied from a coloured drawing made
by Vignald, which accompanies Richard’s type specimen in the Herbarium of
M. Drake del Castillo, from which I partly describe.
49. C. Steudneri, Vatke in Linnea, xl. 217. Tuber globose,
5-2 in. in diam. Stem solitary, erect, not twining, simple, hairy,
growing to more than 20 in. high. Leaves petiolate in the lower part,
subsessile on the upper part of the stem ; petiole up to 4 in. long;
blade 1-2} in. long, and up to 1 in. in breadth ; lower leaves oval
{ovate ?), upper oval-oblong, acute, all crenulate, pilose. Cymes sessile,
1-6-flowered ; pedicels about 4 in. long, slender, hairy. Calyx-lobes
subulate, hairy. Corolla 7 lin. long, straight; tube more or less
ventricose, about 3 times as long as the sepals, striate; lobes obovate-
oblong, connate at the tips, more or less hairy outside towards the apex.
Corona simple; segments united at the base, produced above into
fleshy ligules ; ligules free, black, furnished with a tuft of long hairs at
the base, puberulous at the apex, glabrous elsewhere. — Engl.
464 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Ceropegia.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 344. C’. stewdneriana, K. Schum. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272.
Wile Land. Eritrea: Keren, Steudner, 765. Abyssinia: Tigre; Schaha-
genne, Schimper, 225.
This species appears from the description to be very similar to C. abyssinica, of
wh‘ch it may be only a form, with larger leaves and a hairy corona,
50. C. humilis, V. £. Br. Plant about 4 in. high. Tuber
globose. Stem erect, not twining, slender, glabrous. Leaves erect,
1-1? in. long, }—} lin. broad, linear or linear-subulate, acute, glabrous.
Peduncles lateral at the nodes, 1-3 lin. long, 1—2-flowered, slender,
glabrous; pedicels 14-3 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1-1} lin. long,
subulate, acute, glabrous. Corolla straight; tube 6-7 lin. long,
slightly and gradually inflated in the lower part, slightly dilated at the
mouth, glabrous outside; lobes 21 lin. long, connivent-erect, cohering
at the tips, linear from a deltoid base, ciliate —C. vignaldiana, Vatke
in Linnea, xl. 219; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 344; K. Schum.
in Engl. & Prantl, Pfanzenfam. iv. ii. 271, fig. 80, E, not of A.
Richard.
Mile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre; Amba-Sea, 6500 ft., Schimper, 763.
I describe this plant from the figure and the few diagnostic characters given by
Schumenn in the work above quoted; it is very distinct from C. vignaldiana, A.
Rich., the leaves being very much narrower, and the corolla small and altogether
different in form.
Lmperfectly known species.
51. C. aristolochioides, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 sér. ix. 263.
Glabrous. Stem twining, fleshy. Leaves fleshy, petiolate, 2-3}
in. long, 14-2} in. broad, cordate, shortly acuminate, very acute.
Peduncles spreading, sometimes longer than the leaves, few-flowered ;
flowers pedicellate, purple-brown. Sepals subulate, acuminate.
Corolla-tube curved, inflated at the base; lobes lanceolate (rounded in
another description), cohering into a hemispherical limb, apiculate.
Outer coronal-lobes bifid, pilose with long hairs; inner coronal-lobes
ligulate, glabrous.—Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 642; Vatke in Oest. Bot.
Zeitschr. 1876, 147, and in Linnea, xl. 219; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl.
Trop. Afr. 343.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: near Lebar, Heudelot.
Wile Land. Eritrea: Habab, 6200 ft., Hildebrand, 384. Abyssinia: Abba
Gerima, 6800 ft., Schimper; near Schahagenne, 5000 ft., Schimper, 750.
I have not seen this plant, and quote the specimens from Eritrea and Abyss-nia
en the authority of Vatke & Engler. Dr. Schumann in Engler, Ff. Ost-Afr. C.
327 records it from German East Africa, but I have not seen any specimens from
that region.
Riocreuxia. } LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 465
45. RIOCREUXIA, Decne. ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Pl. ii. 780.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla tubular, more or less inflated at the base,
straight, 5-lobed ; lobes linear, erect, connate at their tips, very slightly
overlapping to the left in bud, not strictly valvate. Corona double,
arising from the staminal-column; outer corona of 5 small spreading
bifid lobes, alternating with the anthers or united into a spreading
10-toothed frill-like ring; inner corona of 5 linear or shortly oblong
lobes, erect and closely applied to the backs of the anthers, sometimes
longer than the anthers and connivent over them. Staminal-column
arising from or near the bottom of the corolla-tube, very short and
together with the corona included in the inflated part of the corolla;
anthers erect, oblong, terminated by a small, somewhat fleshy appen-
dage. Pollen-masses erect, pellucid at the apex, solitary in each anther-
cell, attached slightly below their middle in pairs to the pollen-carriers
by exceedingly short caudicles. Style not exceeding the anthers, trun-
cate at the apex. Follicles linear-fusiform, acuminate, usually more or
less beaded, from being constricted between the seeds, smooth. Seeds
crowned with a tuft of hairs.—Tuberous rooted perennials with annual
twining stems several feet in length. Leaves opposite, cordate. Inflor-
escence lateral at the nodes, consisting either of a cymose panicle with the
flowers in few- or many-flowered sessile umbels racemosely arranged
along the branches, or of 2 or more sessile umbels racemosely arranged
along a single peduncle, and often with a sessile umbel at the node itself.
Flowers usually numerous, of moderate size.
Species few, chiefly natives of South Africa.
This genus is closely allied to Ceropegia, and only differs in the character of i
inflorescence.
Stem pubescent along one line alternating at the
nodes ; inner coronal-lobes longer than the anthers. 1. R. profusa.
Stem villous; inner coronal-lobes shorter than the
anthers . : ; t : : 3 . 2. R. splendida.
1. R. profusa, V. #. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 260.
Stem twining, 3-1} lin. thick, pubescent along one line alterna-
ting at the nodes, otherwise glabrous. Leaves spreading ; petiole 1-2}
in. long, pubescent ; blade 24-54 in. long, 14-4 in. broad, cordate-ovate
or elliptic-ovate, shortly cuspidate, acute or acuminate, deeply cordate
at the base, with a broad subtruncate sinus between the semiorbicular
incurved or overlapping basal-lobes, palmately 7-nerved, denuded along
the basal nerves at the sinus, thinly and rather minutely pubescent on
both sides or nearly glabrous above. Cymes large, glabrous, divided at
their origin into 2-3 branches from }-7 in. long, which are dichoto-
mously ortrichotomously branched and bearseveral umbel-like cymules of
3-4 flowers; bracts subulate 4-1 lin. long,; pedicels 3-1} in. long,
slender, glabrous. Sepals 1} lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous.
Corolla 7—8} lin. long, glabrous outside and within ; tube 4—5} lin. long,
subcylindric or slightly inflated at the base ; lobes 3-3} lin. long, linear-
lanceolate, attenuate-acute, erect, connate at the tips, apparently orange-
VOL, Iv. 2H
466 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Riocreusia.
red. Outer coronal-lobes } lin. long, arising } lin. above the base of the
1 lin. long staminal-column, spreading, subrectangular, bifid, concave ;
inner coronal-lobes }$ lin. long, linear, acute, truncate or slightly
broadened and bifid at the apex, longer than the anthers, closely applied
to their backs and connivent over them. Follicles 6-64 in. long, 2-24
lin. thick, linear, tapering into a slender beak at the apex and into a
stipe at the base, very slightly toruloze. Seeds } in. long, 1 lin. broad,
much rounded on one face, deeply concave on the other, glabrous,
crowned with a tuft of hairs.—R. torulosa, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-
Afr. C, 327, not of Decne.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands,
Buchanan, 205! Namasi, Cameron! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 455 !
2. R. splendida, XK. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 460, Stem
twining, rather stout, 13-2 lin. thick in the flowering part, villous.
Leaves membranous; petiole 21-23 in. long, villous; blade 43-6 in.
long, 23—4 in. broad, ovate, with a long acutely acuminate point, cordate
at the base, 7—9-nerved, puberulous on both sides. Flowers collected into
subglobose subumbellate fascicles; pedicels 4}—9 lin. long. Sepals
1} lin. long, subulate, glabrous. Corolla broadly tubular, somewhat
dilated at the base, in the living state whitish-green outside, orange-red
within, in the dried state the lower part yellowish and the upper reddish-
brown ; tube 5} lin. long; lobes 34 lin. long, subulate. Inner coronal-
lobes oblong, obtuse, shorter than the anthers. Staminal-column 1 lin.
long.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Uhehe; near Makombe, 5900 ft.,
Goetze, 681.
I have not seen this species, which is said to differ from R. profusa, N. E. Br.,
in its much richer inflorescence and more copious indumentum.
46. BRACHYSTELMA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 781.
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate, saucer-shaped, or with a short cam-
panulate tube, 5-lobed; lobes free or connate at their tips, valvate or
replicate-valvate in bud. Corona double, arising from the staminal-
column, very variable; outer corona of 5 spreading or erect bifid lobes,
alternating with the anthers, often adnate to the inner coronal-lobes
and appearing to form one series with them in the form of lateral teeth,
or more or less annular or cup-shaped at the base, 10-toothed and often
with the teeth of two adjacent lobes closer together than are the teeth
of the same lobe, rarely reduced to a fleshy ring without evident teeth
or lobes; inner corona of 5 lobes incumbent on the backs of the anthers
and sometimes produced beyond them into long erect tips, often dorsally
adnate at their base to the outer corona or connected to it by fleshy
partitions. Staminal-column arising near or at the base of the corolla ;
anthers inflexed or incumbent upon the apex of the style. Pollen-
masses horizontal or ascending, solitary in each anther-cell, with @
pellucid margin at their apex, attached in pairs by very sho
Brachystelma. | LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEE (BROWN). 467
caudicles to the pollen-carriers or subsessileupon them. Style truncate or
convex at the apex. Follicles fusiform or linear-fusiform, smooth. Seeds
‘crowned with a tuft of hairs.— Perennial herbs with atuberous rootstock
or a fascicle of thick fleshy roots, usually of dwarf habit. Stem simple or
much branched, erect, prostrate, or rarely twining, leafy to the top.
Leaves opposite. Flowers small or of moderate size, solitary and sub-
lateral at: the nodes, or two to many together in lateral or terminal umbels
or umbel-like cymes.
Species many, natives of Africa and India. Closely allied to Ceropegia, differ-
ing in habit, and in the corolla-tube being saucer-shaped or campanulate and not
inflated at the base, but Ceropegia loranthiflora tends to connect the two genera.
‘The tubers of most, if not all, ot the species are eaten by the natives.
Flowers in terminal umbels.
Leaves elliptic, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong ; corolla-
lobes broadly deltoid.
Corolla entirely blackish-purple . : : - Ll. B. Buchanan.
Corolla concentrically zoned with yellowish and
blackish-purple . : : : : . 2. B. magicum.
Leaves linear ; corolla-lobes linear.
Corolla-lobes 3 in, long, with long white hairs or.
their inner face . i : 3 : . 38. B. Johunstoni.
Corolla-lobes # in. long, glabrous on their inner
fue . : 4 5 . 4. B. phyteumoides.
Flowers in pairs or 1-4 at the nodes.
Leaves elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate, 3-1 in. broad ;
corolla-lobes deltoid-ovate i . é - 5 B. Bingert.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 4-23 lin. broad.
Corolla-lobes 6-10 lin. long, linear or lanceolate-
I'near.
Pedicels and corolla quite glabrous . . - 6. B. plocamoides.
Pedicels pubescent or subtomentose.
Leaves 3-11 in. long; corolla rotate. - 4. B. Lacdle,
Leaves 14-21 in. long; corolla with a cam-
panulate tube 2 lin. long : : . 8. B. lineare.
Corolla-lobes 13 lin. long, broadly ovate : - 9: BD. Schanew,
1. B. Buchanani, JV. /. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 263. Root-
‘stock a large fleshy tuber. Stem erect, stout, with a very short spread-
ing pubescence. Leaves large, subsessile, 1}—5 in. long, }-2? in. broad,
elliptic-obovate, very obtusely rounded with or without a very short
triangular point at the apex, cuneate-acute at the base, both sides
shortly pubescent, ciliolate. Umbel terminal, sessile, 20—30-flowered;
pedicels 1 in. long, shortly pubescent. Sepals 2~3 lin, long, lanceolate,
acuminate, pubescent. Corolla ?-1 in. in diam., saucer-shaped, blackish-
purple, glabrous on both sides, 5-lobed to half-way down; lobes tri-
angular, acute. Outer corona shortly cup-shaped at the base, 10-
toothed ; teeth connected in pairs by a fleshy partition to the backs of
the inner coronal-lobes, their free part 4 lin. long, deltoid-subulate,
erect or ascending (not spreading as originally described), retrorsely
pubescent; inner coronal-lobes }~—% lin. long, oblong, emarginate,
incumbent on the backs of the anthers and equalling or slightly
468 LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Brachystelma.
exceeding them, glabrous.—B. shirense, Schlechter in Journ. of Bot.
1895, 339.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands,.
Buchanan, 116! Mount Sochi, 4500 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8520! Mount Mlanji, Scott-
Elliot, 8666! Chiromo, Scott-Elliot, 8697! Namasi, Cameron, 5!
In my original description the inflorescence is inaccurately described, the umbel
of the specimen has been split for drying so as to resemble a cyme, which I had not
perceived when first describing it. Mr. Buchanan states that “the large fleshy root
is said to possess remarkable healing qualities. When applied to a wound the root is
simply chewed and then laid on. Wounds of a serious nature thus dressed are said
to heal rapidly.” Both this plant and Margaretta Whytei were accidentally num-~-
bered 8666 by Scott-Elliot.
2. B. magicum, JN. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 263. Leaf 3$
in. long, 1} in. broad, oblanceolate-oblong, subobtuse, cuneate-acute at
the base, pubescent on both sides, especially on the veins and midrib
beneath. Pedicels about 1 in. long, slender, pubescent. Sepals } in.
long, lanceolate-attenuate, pubescent. Corolla quite glabrous, concentri-
cally zoned with yellowish and blackish-purple or dark purple-brown,
about 1 in. in diam., rotate or broadly saucer-shaped ; lobes reduced to 5:
short deltoid teeth, about 14-2 lin. long, separated by intervals of $ an
inch. Outer corona annular or shortly cupular at the base, 10-toothed 5.
teeth adnate at their base to the partitions connecting them with the
inner coronal-lobes, their free part 1 lin. long, subulate, probably erect,
glabrous; inner coronal-lobes }—? lin. long, linear, obtuse, incumbent on
the backs of the anthers and not exceeding them, glabrous.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: “collected a long day’s journey this
side of Ujiji,” by the Belgian Consul at Zanzibar, in January 1884!
Of this very distinct species I have only seen a single leaf and a flower, but it is:
probably a large stout-stemmed species allied to B. Buchanani. The zoning of the-
corolla is very distinct and rather pretty. This species is stated to be “ regarded by
the natives as a magic plant, causing them to lose their way when met with on &
journey.”
3. B. Johnstoni, V. “. Br. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xxviii. t. 2754.
Plant 6-9 in. high. Stem branching, compressed, with rather acute
edges, puberulous. Leaves opposite, spreading, $1} in. long, 1-2 lin.
broad, linear, acute, narrowed at the base into a very short petiole or
subsessile, apparently longitudinally folded or with incurved more OF
less undulate margins, glabrous above, very thinly pubescent beneath +
midrib very prominent beneath. Flowers 4—5 at the top of the stem,
large, umbellate in the axils of the terminal or subterminal pair of
leaves ; peduncle none; pedicels 1-1} lin. long, rather stout, pubescent.
Sepals 3 lin. long, 3 lin. broad at the base, thence gradually tapering to
a very acute apex, pubescent on the back, channelled on the face 1D
the upper part. Corolla glabrous and purplish- or dull greenish-
brown outside, densely covered with long white woolly hairs on the
inner face of the lobes, puberulous in the tube, which is dark purple-
brown, marked with afew narrow whitish or yellowish concentric zones
at the mouth ; tube } in. long, about } in. in diam. at the mouth, cam-
Brachystelma. | LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEX (BROWN). 469
panulate ; lobes 3 in. long, 2 lin. broad at the base, thence gradually
tapering into very long linear or linear-filiform tails, ascending-spread-
ing. Outer corona arising from the base of the staminal-column, about
1 lin. long, cup-shaped, 10-toothed, blackish-purple ; teeth about } lin.
long and broad, deltoid-oblong, very obtuse, furnished with a tuft of
minute deflexed hairs at the apex on the inner face; inner coronal-lobes
4 lin. long, } lin. broad, linear-oblong, obtuse, incumbent on the backs
of the anthers, which they completely cover but do not exceed.
Nile Land. British East Africa: Uganda Protectorate; Nandi district, at
Fort Ternan, Johnston !
4, B. phyteumoides, X. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 149.
Stems several from a thick rhizome (or tuber ?), slender, sparingly
branched, about 4 in. high, sparsely puberulous in the upper part.
Leaves erect, 14-24 in. long, $—2} lin. broad, linear, acuminate, revo-
lute along the margins, glabrous, with a few minute hairs on the midrib
beneath. Flowers shortly pedicellate, in a terminal many-flowered
umbel placed between a pair of leaves ; bracts subulate, sparsely puberu-
lous, with solitary glands between them; pedicels 1-1} lin. long,
puberulous. Sepals 1-1} lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate, glabrous.
Corolla-tube short, campanulate, about 14 lin. long, 14 lin. broad; lobes
3 in. long, spreading, slender, almost filiform from a deltoid-ovate base,
with revolute margins, glabrous within, sparsely puberulous outside, dark
purple-brown. Corona included within the corolla-tube, glabrous ; outer
coronal-lobes 4 lin. long, bifid; inner coronal-lobes scarcely } lin. long,
linear, obtuse, incumbent on the back of the anthers and not exceeding
them.—K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 268.
Wile Land. Jur: near Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, sér. iii. 37!
B. euphorbioides, K. Schum. ex Durand & Jackson, Index Kewensis Suppl. i.
62, is manifestly an error for B, phyteumoides, as the name B. euphorbioides does
not occur at the place cited for it, nor have I found it elsewhere.
5. B. Bingeri, A. Chevalier in Rev. Cult. Colon. viii. 67, with fig.
Tuber variable in form, often somewhat globose or oblong, 14-3} in. in
diam. Stem slightly branching at the base, 2-4 in. high. Leaves in
3-5 pairs to each branch, shortly petiolate, 1-2} in. long, }—1 in. broad,
varying from broadly elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate, acute to very
obtuse, cuneate at the base, shortly puberulous above, glabrous or with
some hairs on the midrib beneath. Flowers axillary, in a 3—4-flowered
cymule or solitary ; bracts about ? lin. long, ovate, acute, rusty-puberu-
lous ; pedicels 3-10 lin. long, slender, rusty-puberulous. Sepals 1—1}
lin. long, ovate, acute, rusty-puberulous. Corolla about 7 lin. in diam.,
reddish-white, puberulous outside; tube about 1 lin, long ; lobes about
3 lin. long, deltoid-ovate, subacute. Outer corona cup-shaped, furnished
with 5 exterior filiform erect appendages equalling or longer than the
corolla-lobes ; inner coronal-lobes lanceolate, pointed, half as long as
the outer corona. Fruit unknown.—N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1901,
MxIx, 170:
470 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). [ Brachystelma-
Upper Guinea. French Soudan: between the River Baule and the town of
Sikaso, Binger.
This plant is called “ Fikongo,” by the natives of the region of the Upper Niger,
who eat its tubers, chiefly in the months of May and June, when their stores of
millet and rice are used up. The measurements given above are partly taken from.
the original description and partly from the figure which accompanies it.
6. B. plocamoides, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 112, t. 77,
fiy. 1. ‘Tuber large and fleshy, like a turnip, tasting something
like liquorice (Grant). Stem repeatedly trichotomously or dichoto-
mously branched from the base, 8—9 in. high, glabrous. Leaves 2-3}
in. long, 4-4 lin. broad, linear, shortly and abruptly uncinate-mucronu-
late at the apex, glabrous. Flowers solitary, sublateral between the
bases of the leaves; pedicels 6-7 lin. long, glabrous, occasionally
bearing a linear bract at about their middle. Sepals 14-2 lin. long,
glabrous. Corolla stellate-rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 9-10:
lin. long, 1-14 lin. broad at their base, lanceolate-linear, acute, glabrous,
dark purple (Grant). Outer corona 10-toothed; teeth in 5 contiguous
pairs, #-1 lin. long, deltoid-acuminate, ascending, glabrous; inner
coronal-lobes scarcely } lin. long, oblong, obtuse, incumbent on the
backs of the anthers and shorter than them, dorsally adnate to the outer
corona, glabrous.—K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 327, and in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 264, fig. 77, H, and 268. JB. sp.,
Thomson in Speke, Nile, Append. 640.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Uyansi; in dry forest at Jiwa la
Mkoa, in the Mgunda Mkali, 3700 ft., Speke & Grant !
7. B. Tavalla, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 459. Tuber
globose. Stems about 9 in. high, subsimple, subtomentose above.
Leaves sessile, }-1} in. long, 14-24 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute,
narrowed at the base, subtomentose on both sides. Flowers axillary,
solitary or in pairs; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, subtomentose. Sepals 1}
lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, tomentose. Corolla rotate, violet,
green within, puberulous outside near the base, densely villous with
long violet hairs within; tube 1} lin. long ; lobes 7 3 lin. long, linear,
somewhat dilated at the base. Outer corona not described; inner
coronal-lobes 3 lin. long, overtopping the anthers, truncate, toothed.
Staminal-column 4 lin. long.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Uhehe ; near Rugaro, Goetze, 541.
8. B. limeare, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 49, t. 72. Tuber
depressed-globose, about 2 in. in diam. Stems 3—4 in. high, branching
at the base, pubescent. Leaves 14-21 in. long, 1-1} lin. broad,
ascending, linear, acute, narrowed at the base, scarcely petiolate,
glabrous. Flowers solitary or in pairs, sublateral at the nodes ;
pedicels 1}-2 lin. long, slender, pubescent. Sepals about 1 lin. long,
lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube campanulate, about 2 lin. long ; lobes-
6-7 lin. long, linear-attenuate, very acute. Coronal-lobes arising from
the middle of the staminal-column, broadly obcordate, abruptly
Brachystelma. | LXXXV, ASCLEPIADEZ (BROWN). 471
apiculate. Follicles 14-1} in. long, 34-43 lin. thick, stout, fusiform,
beaked, glabrous.— Walp. Ann. ili. 68; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. li. 268.
Nile Land, Abyssinia: by the Tacazze River, is moist shady places, Quartin
Dillon.
I have only seen a tracing of part of Richard’s type, which quite agrees with his
figure, from which the measurements in the above description are taken. On the
plate the outer corona is represented as forming five pouches, shortly bifid, with
rounded lobules, and the inner coronal-lobes as linear-lanceolate, acute, inflexed over
and longer than the anthers.
9. B. Schinzii, V. #. Br. aves shortly petioled, obovase-oblong
-or oblong, 14~2 in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, shining, 5-nerved.
Flowers in lax terminal cymes; peduncles and pedicels pubescent.
Sepals 5, linear, acute, } in. long. Corolla not longer than the calyx ;
tube urcedslate , lobes deltoid, } as long asthe tube. Fruit unknown.
536 LXXXVI. LOGANIACEZ (BAKER). [ Strychnos.
Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique; between Mussoril
and Cabeceira, Carvalho.
68. S. gracillima, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 573, An erect
shrub, with slender branchlets and copious hooked spines from the
nodes. Leaves ovate or oblong, acute, cuneate at the base, glabrous, | in.
long, triplinerved from the base ; lateral veins short ; petiole very short.
Cymes dense, compressed, terminal ; peduncle and pedicels short. Calyx
din. long; tube very short; lobes 5, lanceolate. Bud greenish, globose ;
corolla-tube very short; segments ovate. Fruit globose, 2 in. in diam. ;.
pericarp woody. Seeds many, $ in. long.
Nile Land. Jur: near Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1344; between Dimo and
Axem, Schweinfurth, 1573 !
69. S. VWolkensii, Gilg in Engl. Pf. Ost-Ajfr. C. 311. A
tree 30-40 ft. high; branchlets armed with curved pungent spines at
the nodes. Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 14-2 in. long by half as
broad, glabrous, narrowed gradually to the base, subacute, 5-nerved ;
petiole 4-1 as long as the blade. Cymes lax, many-flowered, from the
tip of the branchlets; bracts minute, triangular, acute. Sepals ovate.
acuminate, less than half as long as the corolla. Corolla } in. long ; lobes.
ovate, rather longer than the campanulate tube. Fruit shaped like an
orange, with edible pulp.—Gilg in Notizbl. Kénigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, }.
76; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 702.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; forests at the base of Alto Queta,.
Welwitsch, 4769, and at Dalatanda, Welwitsch, 4775.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Tanga, Holst, 2095 |.
Volkens, 103, Amboni, Helst, 2670!
70. S. Miniungansamba, Gilg in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin, i. 77. An erect shrub, with recurved axillary spines. Leaves
obovate, about 1 in. long, rounded at the apex, narrowed to the base,.
glabrous, 5-nerved from the base; petiole } in. long. Flowers in
racemes at the apex of the branchlets. Sepals linear, ciliolate, 4-}
in. long. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx; tube ureeolate;,
lobes 5, ovate, less than half as long as the tube. Fruit unknown.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Kahingula, Buchner, 617.
71. S. spinosa, Zam. Jil. ii. 38. A low tree; branchlets.
horizontal, slender, virgate, armed with pungent spines from the nodes.
Leaves obovate or suborbicular, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the
base, 2-3 in, long, subcoriaceous, 5-nerved from near the base, glabrous ;
petiole very short. Cymes short, dense, terminal, very compound ;.
peduncles and short pedicels pubescent. Calyx } in. long; tube very
short; segments linear. Corolla greenish, not longer than the calyx;
tube short, campanulate; lobes usually 5, ovate. Fruit the size and.
colour of an orange ; pericarp coriaceous ; pulp abundant, edible; seeds
large.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 702. S. Vuntac, Bojer, Hort.
Maur. 205. S. Lokua, A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss. ii. 53. S. lawa,
Strychnos. | LXXXVI. LOGANIACE& (BAKER). 537
Solered. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 554. Brehmia spinosa, Harv.; A. DC.-
Prod. ix. 18; Baker, Fl. Maurit. 235.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 8138! French Guinea: banks of the:
River Niger at Farana, 3200 ft., Scott-Hiliot, 5384! Lagos: Ado Ischu, Rowland,
5! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 1140!
Nile Land. Fazoki, Cienkowsky.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, 4763! 4764, 4767, 6019!
Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 4768! 4770, 4771! 4772; Ambaca, Welwitsch, 4773.
Mozamb. Dist. German Kast, Africa: Rovuma Bay, Kirk! Portuguese-
Kast Africa: Zambesi Delta; Kongone River, Kirk! bank of the River Luabo,.
Kirk, 44! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mbame Village, Kirk! Blantyre,.
Buchanan, 34! Zomba and vicinity, 2800-3500 ft., Whyte! and without precise
locality, Buchanan, 214!
Also in South Africa, Madagascar and the Seychelles.
Var. pubescens, Baker. Leaves pubescent, especially beneath,
Upper Guinea. French Guinea: near Moria on the River Scarcies, Scott-
Elliot, 4801! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 1705!
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Sochi, 3500 ft.,.
Kirk, 129! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 47 !
This variety much resembles S. cocculoides, Baker.
72. S. emarginata, Baker. An erect shrub; branchlets very
slender, pubescent, with pungent hooked spines from the nodes..
Leaves obovate, emarginate, with a small mucro from the sinus, glossy,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, 1—2 in. long, strongly 5-nerved from the base.
Cymes dense, terminal, very compound; peduncle and very short
pedicels pubescent. Calyx 1 in. long; tube very short; segments 5,
lanceolate. Corolla not seen. Fruit globose, 2 in. in diam.; pericarp:
thick, rigid ; pulp copious ; seeds large.
Wile Land. Jur: Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1396!
Imperfectly known species.
73. S. Scheffleri, Gily in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, tii..
84 (name only).
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Eastern Usambara, Scheffler.
7. ANTHOCLEISTA, Afzel.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 795.
Calyx 4-partite; lobes coriaceous, much imbricate, decussate.
Corolla-tube funnel-shaped; lobes 12-16, linear-oblong or oblong,.
much imbricate, contorted. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes ;
filaments united into a short cup; anthers linear-erect. Ovary inserted
on a fleshy disk, spuriously 4-celled; style filiform, usually curved ;.
stigma capitate, oblong; ovules very numerous. Berry globose or
oblong; pericarp becoming coriaceous. Seeds numerous, minute,
embedded in the pulpy placentas; testa thin; albumen cartilaginous ;
embryo straight.—Erect trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves obovate-
‘538 LXXXVI. LOGANIACEE (BAKER). | Anthocleista.
-cuneate ; petiole dilated at the base. Cymes terminal, trichotomous,
usually compound ; bracts small, connate. Flowers large, white or
-dull yellow.
Three other species in Madagascar and one in the Comoro Isles.
Erect trees with spinous branches.
Calyx 3 in, long.
Corolla 2 in. long 1, A. kamerunensis.
Corolla about 1 in. long.
Fruit 1 in, long 2. A. nobilis.
Fruit 13 in. long 3. A. lanceolata.
Calyx 4 in. long 4. A. Zenkeri.
Calyx tin. long . . c : 5. A. parviflora.
Erect trees with unarmed branches.
Petiole obsolete.
Leaves auricled at the base. 6. A. orientalis.
Leaves not auricled at the base 7. A. pulcherrima.
Petiole short.
Calyx } in. long.
Corolla-tube scarcely longer than the calyx 8. A. Kalbreyert.
Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx . . 9. A. zambesiaca.
Calyx } in. long. : : : : ; . 10. A, stuhlmanniana.
Petiole 13-3 in. long.
Upper leaves 1 ft. or more long.
Auricles of opposite leaves free 5 : . Ll. A. liebrechtsiana.
Aur.cles of opposite leaves connate.
Fruit globose . : : : m . 12. A. tnermis.
Fruit obovate-oblong . ‘ : : . 13. A. Schweinfurthit.
Upper leaves 5-6 in. long . : : i . 14. A. magnifica.
Climbing shrubs. :
Cymes simple c : : : : : . 15. A. scandens.
Cymes compound , ‘ : : 5 : . 16. A. laxiflora.
1. A. kamerunensis, Gily in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 125. A tall
“tree; bark grey, fissured; branches armed with a few small spines.
Leaves crowded, long-petioled, oblong or obovate-oblong, }—1 ft. long,
rounded at the apex, narrowed gradually to the base, glabrous. In-
florescence lax, few-flowered; peduncle long; bracts minute; pedicels
very short, articulated. Sepals broader than long, entire, } in. broad.
Corolla 2 in. long ; tube cylindrical, longer than the lobes; lobes 10-12,
lanceolate.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Batanga, Dixklage, 1361.
2. A, nobilis, G. Don; A. DO. in DC. Prod. ix. 36. An erect tree,
reaching a heigat of 50-60 ft. Loaves crowded at the tips of the
-branchlets, with pungent spines between them; upper leaves of branches
9-12 in. long, 3-4 in. broad; petiole very short ; leaves in the young
plant reaching a length of 4-5 ft. Cymes compound, shorter than the
leaves, Calyx } in. loag; outer lobes suborbicular, Corolla-tube half
-as long again as the calyx; lobes about 16, $ in. long. Tube of fila-
‘ments short ; anthers } in. long. Fruit globose, 1 in. in diam.—Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 100. A. masrophylla, G. Don, lic. A. Vogelit,
Anthocleista. | LXXXVI. LOGANIACEZ (BAKER), 539
Planch. in Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 793-794; Niger Fl. 459, tt. 43-44.
A, Buchneri, Gilg, A. niamniamensis, Gilg, and A. macrantha, Gilg in
Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 576-580.
Upper Guinea. Senegal, Lepriewr! Sierra Leone: Sugarloaf Mountain,
Barter! Regent, Scott-Elliot, 4145! Southern Nigeria: Ibu (Abo), Vogel, 51!
Niger Delta, Barter, 20104! Bank of the River Nun, Mann, 471! Cameroons:
Ambas Bay, Mann, xvi!
Nile Land. Niamniam: by the Rivers Nabambisso and Boddo, Schweinfurth,
3037 !
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith! Angola: Golungo Alto; forests of
~Quilombo, Bumba and Queta, Welwitsch, 6021! Pungo Andongo ; forests by the
River Lombe, Welwitsch, 6022!
South Central. Congo Free State: Niamniam; by the River Mbrwole,
Schweinfurth, 3726! Lunda: banks of the River Luachim, Buchner, 618 (ex
Gilg).
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; banks of the Nelungusi
River, 3000 ft., Whyte, 5!
3. A. lanceolata, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 125. > gh ‘tar oes :
False petioles 4—3 lin. thick, bearing 5-18 flowers in a cluster, 1-3 lin.
586 LXXXVII. GENTIANEE (BAKER AND BROWN). [Limnanthemum.
below the leaf-blade. Pedicels }-1} in. long, }—2 lin. thick. Sepals
14-14 lin. long, oblong to deltoid-ovate, acute or subobtuse. Corolla-
lobes very sparingly ciliate, with a median ciliate crest and 1 or more
lines of a few hairs on each side. Fruit globose, equalling or shorter
than the sepals, 2-10-seeded. Seeds compressed-globose, } lin. in
diam., } lin. thick, subcarinate, thinly covered with small and very
prominent tubercles, which are sometimes absent from the centre,
ochreous.
Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla to Humpata, Johnston! German South-
west Africa : Amboland ; Olukonda, Rautanen, 6!
Probably to this species should be referred L. niloticum, Gilg in Baum, Kunene-
Sambesi Exped., 335, collected in Angola, in swamps on the banks of the River
Kubango, above the Quatiri River, Bawm, 400, and in muddy places on the River
Cunene, above Humbe, Baum, 103. “Flowers white.”
7. L. senegalense, V. #. Br. Leaves 1-8 in. long, 1-7} in.
broad, orbicular or orbicular-oblong, broadly cordate, with a very open
sinus at the base, very obtuse, entire or repand at the margin, sub-
coriaceous. False petioles often runner-like and bearing 2 or more
distant leaves, with 12-30 flowers in a cluster, }—-14 in. below the leaf-
blade, stout, 1-3 lin. thick. Pedicels 1-24 in. long, stout, } lin. thick.
Sepals 24-3 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute. Corolla white, ciliate,
with a fringed corona at the base of the lobes (Grisebach). Fruit
ellipsoid, equalling or shorter than the calyx, 6-15-seeded. Seeds §-1
lin. long and slightly narrower, 4 lin. thick, orbicular-oblong, much
compressed, sublenticular, rather thickly covered with minute papilla-
like tubercles.—Z. orbiculatum, Griseb. Gen. & Sp. Gent. 348, and in
DC. Prod. ix. 140, partly. Menyanthes indica, var. 8, Lam. Encycl. 1v.
91. Villarsia senegalensis, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 169.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Richard Toll, Roger! and without precise
locality, Leprieur ! Leschenault and Perrottet (ex Grisebach). Senegal, Roussillon
(ex Lamarck),
Very distinct from all the other African species in its stouter stems or false
petioles and pedicels, and the much more compressed seeds, on which (with the
exception of those of ZL. Kirkii, N. BE. Br.), the tubercles are more numerous and
only half as large as those on the seeds of the other species. The flowers, toc,
appear to be larger, but those on the specimens seen are too decayed to permit
of examination. See note under ZL. orbiculatum, Griseb.
Imperfectly known species..
8. L. orbiculatum, Giriseb. Gen. & Sp. Gent. 348. Corolla
scarcely overtopping the calyx, fimbriate on the margin, seeds
numerous, compressed, granulate-asperate—Lam. Ill. nr. 1966, et
Men. indica, 8, Enc. iv., p. 91.”
The above name and description apparently refer to two distinct plants, neither
of which was seen by Grisebach. The name Z. orbiculatum is transferred from
Menyanthes orbiculata, Lam. Ml. i. 438, no. 1966, and the description is extracted
from that given by Lamarck under ©, indica, vay. B, whilst the description of
MM, orbiculata is not given at all: it runs as follows: “ M. orbiculata, leaves
Limnanthemum.| LUXXXVII, GENTIANE® (BAKER AND BROWN). 587
orbicular, crenate, peltate, floriferous at the centre, flowers congested, subsessile.”
It was collected in the “ interior of Africa ” by Vaillant. This description evidently
refers to a totally different plant from WM. indica, var. 8, and to it belongs the
synonym, Villarsia orbiculata, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 169. Therefore, since the name
L. orbiculatum, Griseb., belongs to one plant and the description under it to another,
and as G. Don clearly perceived the difference between the two and gave the name
Villarsia senegalensis to one of them, it appears advisable to discard the name LD.
orbiculatum and retain that of L. senegalense for the preceding species.—N. FE. Br.
9. L. indicum, Durand ¢& De Wild. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
xxxvil. 123, and Relig. Dewevr. 162, not of Griseb. Flowers yellow.
South Central. Congo Free State: Kipilie, Laurent, and near Lukolela,
Dewevre, 831, 862a.
This may be the same as one of the species above described, but it is certainly
not L. indicum, Griseb., which according to the type specimen at Kew is identical
with Z. eristatum, Griseb., and has white flowers. I have not found a single
instance in which the African and Indian plants of this genus belong to the same
species.— NV. FE. Br.
ADDENDA.
33. Jasminum mauritianum, yer. Add: J. angulare, Gilg
in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 330, not of Vahl.
DEKINDTIA, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 139,
Flowers hermaphrodite, 4-merous. Sepals 4, free ; 2 opposite, ovate ; 2
smaller, lanceolate. Corolla-tube short ; lobes lanceolate, with a large in-
volute apical lobe. Stamens usually 2, rarely 8, inserted in the corolla-
tube; filaments very short ; anthers ovate-orbicular, basifixed, hardly
longer than the corolla-tube, with a broad dorsal connective. Ovary
2-celled ; ovules 2 in a cell, pendulous from its apex, anatropous ; style
very short; stigmas subsessile, subeapitate, shortly 2-lobed. Fruit
unknown,
Distrib. Endemic.
1. D. africana, Gilg, I. c. A shrub, 6-12 ft. high, glabrous
in all its parts, with lenticellate greyish-yellow branchlets. Leaves
opposite, shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2—5 in. long,
entire, shortly and broadly acuminate, rather shining on the upper
surface, opaque beneath 3; Main veins 5-8 on either side. Flowers in
dense cymes in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels 0 ; bracts at the base of
the calyx 2, small, opposite. Sepals under 1 lin. long. Corolla 3 lin.
long; lobes much longer than the tube.
Lower Guinea. Angola; Benguela, 3000 ft., De Kendt, 73.
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Buchanan,
283 (6814 in Herd. Schlechter) !
EPITABERNA, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii. 316.
This was described asa new genus of A pocynacee, allied to Taberne-
montana, but differing in the perfectly inferior ovary and the diclinism
of the flowers. It belongs to Rubiacew. The structure of the flower is
essentially that of Heinsia, from which it differs only in the bracteate,
obconic receptacle, the externally glabrous corolla-tube, the diclinism of
the flowers and to some extent in the habit.
The only species is EB. myrmecia, K. Schum., lec. 317, collected in the Cameroons,
near Bipinde, Zenker, 2339 !
ADDENDA. 589
1. Wahadenia, Stapf. The genus was rejected by De Wildeman
(Not. Apocyn. Latic. Congo, 61 e¢ seq.) on the ground that the
differential characters ‘as summarised in the key ” were insufficient. The
key, which is merely intended to facilitate naming, contains only a
selection of more or less salient characters. A more comprehensive
statement of the generic differences of Vahadenia and Landolphia may
be found in the note on p. 29.
1, Vahadenia Laurentii, Stapf Add: Syn. Landolphia
Laurentti, De Wild. l.c. 60; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch, Congo,
94, t. xv.— Var. grandiflora, De Wild. in Rev. Cult. Colon. xi. (1902)
76 and Not. Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, i. 64; De Wild. & Gentil, lc.
96, differs merely. in having corolla-lobes attaining 16 lin. in length.
De Wildeman and Gentil describe the fruit as hard as a billiard ball.
Additional localities—Congo Free State; Lualaba-Kasai District at
Galikoko-Luebo, Gentil, and near Basenga, Gentil.
la. Landolphia (Jasminochila) ugandensis, Stapf A
climbing shrub with long slender branched tendrils from the branch-
forks, branches of the tendrils slightly recurved, subpungent, the whole
plant glabrous or the younger parts and inflorescences more or less
pubescent ; young branches slender, dark reddish-brown, dotted with
minute lenticels. Leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, almost rounded at the base, 24-3 in. (rarely 4 in.) long,
1-1} (rarely 14) in. broad, chartaceous, slightly glossy above ; midrib
slender, channelled above, slightly raised below ; secondary nerves very
slender, 12-13 on each side, spreading, connected rather close to the
margins by equally slender arches; network of veins faintly impressed
above, slightly raised delicate beneath; petiole about 2 lin. long. Corymbs
subsessile or on peduncles up to over } in. long, 12~16-flowered, dense,
at last lengthening out into a short raceme; bracts ovate to lanceolate,
up to 1 lin. long; pedicels 1-2 lin. long, bracteolate. Calyx 1-1 lin.
long, usually ciliate, sometimes sparingly pubescent on the back, rarely
eciliate and quite glabrous; sepals broad, ovate, obtuse, margins thin.
Corolla up to 8 lin. long in bud; tubes 3}—4 lin. long, slightly widened
below the middle, rather slender, hairy within above the stamens,
otherwise glabrous ; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, 3}—4 lin. long, 1-1}
lin. broad, silky at the very base. Stamens inserted 14-14 lin. above
the base of the corolla-tube; anthers lanceolate-oblong, scarcely } lin,
long. Ovary ovoid, quite glabrous ; style and stigma 4—} lin. long.
Fruit globose (Dawe) with light brown lenticels.
Nile Land. Uganda: Buddu; Dumu Forest, 4000 ft., Dawe, 23!
Very similar to L. watsoniana and L. kilimandjarica, but. differing from the
former in the very short style and the corresponding low position of the anthers ;
from the latter in the hairiness of the inner side of the corolla-tube, the compara-
tively low insertion of the stamens and the somewhat different venation of the
leaves. Z. Buchananii and L. Cameronis have corolla-lobes distinctly longer than
the tube.
390 ADDENDA.
6. Landolphia senegalensis, Hotschy d: Peyr. Add: Chevalier
in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 306, 421 and vii. (1901) 425,
427; Hua in Rev. Cult. Colon. xi, 322-328.
7. Landolphia florida, Benth. The stem of this liane sometimes
attains a diameter of more than 1 foot, according to De Wildeman and
Gentil. Add: Chevalier in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 428;
Lecomte in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vii. (1901) 196; Hua, in Bull.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (1902) 65, 66; Busse in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii.
172; De Wild. in Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo, i. 67; De Wild.
& Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 87, tab. xi., xii,
Nile Land. Add: at Aboushendi, on the Blue Nile, Muriel, 49!
Var. leiantha, Oliv. Add: De Wild. and Gentil, l.c. 89.
Busse and De Wildeman and Gentil confirm Schlechter’s statement as to the
wor thlessness of the latex of Z. florida for the production of caoutchouc.
13. Landolphia scandens, Didr. Add: Hua in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par, viii, (1902), 66; De Wild. in Etudes Fl. Bas Congo, ion
Upper Guinea. ‘Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 252!
South Central. Congo Free State : Kasai District, Lubue, Gentil.
16. Landolphia ameena, Hua. Add: Ancylobotrys amena,
Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 422.
18. Landolphia petersiana, Dyer. Add: Dyer in Hook .Ic. Pl.
t. 2756. L. scandens, Busse in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 169-172 (inel.
vars, rotundifolia, petersiana, and Tubeufii). According to Busse, all
the varieties enumerated by him yield some sort of caoutchouc, whilst
the fruits are edible.
19. Landolphia owariensis, Beauv. Add: Cheval in Bull.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 424; Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par.
viii. (1902) 62-68 and in Rev. Cult. Colon, xi. 322-328 ; Busse in Engl.
Jahrb, xxxii. 169; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 51-88,
t.i. (not t. ii.). Z. Gentilii, De Wild. ex De Wild. & Gentil, l.c. 61, t.1v.
Upper Guinea. Liberia: Greenville, Sim, 3! 6! 8! 12! 15! 17!
Nile Land. Uganda: Dumu Forest, Dawe, 13 partly!
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kondeland, Stolz, 94a (ex Busse).
According to Johnson (label to No. 811), L. owariensis is the source of the
“white rubber ” of the Gold Coast.
Var. tomentella Sfapf. Add under Nile Land, Babr el Ghasal District:
between Pongo River and Bisihi, Broun !
19a, Landolphia (Eu-Landolphia) Dawei, Stapf. A scan-
dent shrub, quite glabrous with the exception of the finely rusty-
tomentose leaf-buds and infloresences; tendrils unknown; branches
brown, with numerous pale lenticels. Leaves oblong, shortly acum1-
nate, subacute or obtuse at the base, 4-8 in. long, 13-2} in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, glossy above; midrib channelled above, prominent
ADDENDA, 591
below; secondary nerves about 18 on each side, oblique, slender,
connected by gently curved arches, 1-1} lin. distant from the margin,
like the loosely reticulating veins faintly raised; petiole 4~54 lin. long.
Flowers in dense subsessile corymbs, at the end of the branches and
from the axils of the uppermost leaf pairs, the terminal up to 12-
flowered, minutely rusty tomentose all over ; bracts ovate, more or less
obtuse, 1 lin. long; pedicels stout, up to 14 lin. long, bracteolate.
Calyx 14-1} lin. long, segments very broad, ovate, obtuse. Corolla-
bud up to 6 lin. long; tube 2 lin. long, widest between the middle and
the mouth, finely pubescent without above the glabrous base, very
sparingly within; lobes linear-oblong, up to 4 lin. long, sparingly
pubescent near the base without. Stamens inserted at the middle or
just above it ; anthers lanceolate, almost 1 lin. long. Ovary ovoid, with
a densely white-silky top. Style and stigma 1 lin. long, the latter
cylindric, deeply bifid.
Nile Land. Uganda: Dumu, 4000 ft., Dawe, 13 partly ! 47 partly !
Evidently nearly allied to Z. owariensis and L. Klainei, but easily recognised
by the much larger flowers. This yields, according to Dawe, excellent rubber.
196. Landolphia Pierrei, Hua in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris,
exxxv. (1902) 868, Flowering branches robust, covered when young
with long reddish-brown hairs, at length glabrescent. Leaves more or less
elliptic, long acuminate, rounded or almost sinuate at the base, 4—6 in
long, 2-14 in. broad, midrib hairy; secondary nerves about 12 on each
side, rather conspicuous. Panicle corymbose, almost sessile at the end of
the branches or in branch-forks, dense, hairy; bracts subacute, persis-
tent ; pedicels extremely short. Sepals oblong or ovate. Corolla-tube
fusiform, finely pubescent in the exserted part; limb 3-4 lin. in diam. ;
lobes falciform, subacute, about half as long as the exserted part of the
corolla-tube. Stamens inserted at the middle of the tube; filaments
hairy at the base; anthers emarginate at the apex. Ovary tubinate,
glabrous below, velvety above; stigma as in L, owariensis. Fruit sub-
globose, almost 24 in. long, 2 in. wide, deep yellow, turning black when
dry and covering itself with a blueish bloom, smooth. Seeds about 12,
irregular, angular, 74-10 lin. long.—Z. owariensis, Hallier f. Kaut-
schuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt, vii. (1899)
3. Beih. (in part) 78.
Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Mount Bouet, near Libreville, Klaine, 286, 454,
544, 926, 1357, 1390, 1934dis, 1972; Sibange forest, Biittner, 497,
Biittner’s specimens were on Hallier’s authority quoted on p 50 under Z. owari-
ensis, Klaine states that caoutchouc is produced from the latex of ZL. Pierrei.
20. Landolphia Klainei, Pierre. Add: Lecomte in Bull.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vii. (1901) 196 ; Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Par. vii. (1901), 426 ; Hua in Rev. Cult. Colon. xi. 322-328; De Wild.
Not. Apoc. Laticif. Congo, 67, t. iii; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian.
Caoutch. Congo, 67, tt. v., vi., vii. According to De Wildeman and
Gentil, the area of this species extends as far as the Ubangi River, and
592 ADDENDA.
the Districts of Eastern Kwango and Lualaba-Kasai, in the Congo
Free State.
21. Landolphia Dewevrei, Stapf. Add: De Wild. Not.
Apoc. Laticif. Congo, 73.
22. Landolphia humilis, . Schum. Add: Hua in Rev. Cult.
Colon. xi.. 322-328; Cheval. in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, cxxxv.
514 (var wmbrosa); De Wild. Not. Apocyn. Latic. Congo, 52 et seq. ;
De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 124.
23. Landolphia Heudelotii, 4. DC. Add: Hua in Bull. Mus,
Hist. Nat. Par. vii. (1901) 79 and in Rev. Cult. Colon. xi. 322-328;
Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 424-430; Le. vu,
(1901) 424, 427; Arnaud in Bul!. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (1902)
69, 70.
23a. Landolphia Stolzii, Busse in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 168,
t.6. ‘A shrub climbing with long hook-branched tendrils; branches
yellowish-brown, at length glabrous, lenticellate, dark greyish. Leaves
very close on the young branches, ovate to ovate-oblong, obscurely
acuminate, rounded, subtruncate or subcordate (with a wide shallow
sinus) at the base, 14-3 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, chartaceous to corla-
ceous, sparingly hairy below on the midrib when young, otherwise
glabrous; secondary nerves 8-12 on each ‘side, strong, channelled
above, very prominent below, rather spreading, reticulation of veins
close, prominent; petiole 24 lin. long, fulvo-tomentose. Cymes dense,
usually gathered in terminal panicles up to almost 8 in. long, densely
rusty-tomentose ; peduncle short; pedicels very short. Calyx 14-13
lin. long; sepals 5, rotundate, densely rusty tomentose. Corolla white,
sweet-scented, 23-3 lin. long, slightly widened above the middle,
densely villous between the mouth and the base of the stamens; lobes
oblong, 1}~2 lin. long, obtuse. Anthers inserted 2-21 lin. above the
base of the corolla-tube. Ovary densely tomentose. Fruit resembling
«small orange.
Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kondeland ; in damp forests and near
water at Ipyana, 1800 ft., Stolz, 94.
This yields according to the collector the caoutchouc of Kondeland.
_ 24. Landolphia Kirkii, Dyer. Add: Busse in Engl. Jahrb.
xxxil. 164; Dyer in Hook. Ic, Pl. t. 2755. LZ. dondeensis, Busse 1”
Engl. Jahrb, xxxii. (1902) 165.
25. Landolphia parvifolia, A. Schum. Add: Busse in. Eng).
Jabrb. xxxii. 167; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 120; De
Wild. Not. Apocyn. Laticif, Congo, 41, 42; Hua in Rev. Cult. Colon.
xiv. (1904) 65.
Mozamb. Dist. (ierman Kast Africa: Kilwa; near Donde-Barikiw®,
Busse, 585! in the basin of the Djenye River, Busse, 1251; Lind’, near Nyangao,
ADDENDA. 593
Adams, 2; Makonde Plateau, near Mkomadatchi, Busse, 12538; Nyasa Region ;
basin of the Luhagarra River, Busse, 1249; Likonde River, Busse, 1250 ; Lilambo
River, Busse, 1252.
According to Busse the latex of th's species is useless.
26. Landolphia Thollonii, Dewévre. The rhizomes much
branched and almost matted; branches up to 74 lin. in diam. and
about 6-8 in. below the surface of the soil. Fruit globose or slightly
attenuated at the base, up to 3 in. long, 2 in. in diam., dirty yellow,
mottled with brown, rind thick; seeds 3-24 in an edible cream-like
palp, 10-15 lin. long.—Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vii.
(1901) 426; De Wild., Not. Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, i. 40 et seq., 93,
t. i. and Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo, i. 68; De Wild. & Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 117, t. xxv., xxvi.; Hua in Rev. Cult. Colon.
xiv. 65 et seq.
South Central. Congo Free State: Eastern Kwango and Lualaba-Kasai
districts to 50° S. lat.
Carpodinus (?) chylorrhiza, K. Schum. in Baum, Kunene-
Samb. Exped. 336. An undershrub about 16 in. high, with creeping
rhizomes, much branched; branches minutely pubescent when young,
then glabrous, dark brown, with minute lenticels. Leaves lanceolate,
obtuse, acute or slightly rounded at the base, 1-3 in. long, 24-74 lin.
long, firmly coriaceous, quite glabrous, with about 15 lateral nerves,
more prominent above than below. Fruit obovoid, over 1 in, long,
with corky warts, glabrous.
26a. Landolphia droogmansiana, De Wild. in De Wild. d: Gentil,
Lian. Cuoutch. Congo, 59, t. iii. A liane, up to 100 yards long and
8 in. thick with numerous stout tendrils, glabrous when mature.
Leaves oblong, almost rounded at the base, slightly and _ obtusely
acuminate, 4—5 in. long, up to 1} in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous, midrib
channelled above; lateral nerves 10-15 on each side, subhorizontal, like
the veins very prominent below; petiole about 4 lin. long. Flowers
unknown. Fruit ovoid to obovoid, brick-red, with a thick coriaceous
rugose transverse ring at the middle and with longitudinal ribs, slightly
depressed at the top, 1-3 in. in diam., on a short stout pedicel ; seeds
1-30, reddish-brown, 74 lin. long, 34 lin. wide, embedded in an acidu-
lous, edible, greyish pulp.
South Central. Congo Free State: Kanda-Kanda, on the River Lusile,
Gentil, 63.
This is, according to De Wildeman and Gentil, an excellent rubber vine. The
actual position of this species is somewhat obscure, the flowers not being known.
266. Landolphia dubreucgiana, De Wild. in De Wild. & Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 92, tt. 13-14. A liane, 4-5 yards long, up to 10
lin. thick, climbing by means of very slender tendrils or sensitive in-
florescences; branches slender, spreadingly hirsute, at length
glabrescent; bark brown with numerous minute lenticels. Leaves
VOL IV. 2 Q
594 ADDENDA.
oblong to elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, more or less cordate at the
base, 24-6 in. long, 14-3 in. broad, shining and glabrous except the more
or less hirsute (ultimately glabrescent) primary and secondary nerves ;
secondary nerves about 11-12 on each side, connected by bold arches
some distance from the margin, like the veins distinct on both sides,
reticulation close ; petiole 2}-34 lin. long. Panicle terminal up to 8 in.
long, bearing the sessile or subsessile flowers in clusters at the end of
spreading or recurved filiform branches, up to over 1 in. long, glabrous
excepting the hispid slender peduncle; bracts very small. Sepals
lanceolate, acute, 14-14 lin. long, shining, keeled, margins ciliate.
Corolla white excepting the often reddish tube, glabrous outside; tube
54 lin. long, slightly widened below the insertion of the stamens ; lobes
as long as the tube. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style filiform, several
times longer than the calyx, articulated with the ovary ; stigma oblong-
ovoid. Fruit depressed-globular, yellow suffused with carmine, | 4-2 in.
in diam. ; seeds 1-30 in a yellowish-brown, sweetish-sour edible pulp,
about 4 lin. long.
South Central, Congo Free State: Nyangwe, Dewevre, 1036a! Kasai, Lua ;
Lubue, Gentil, 44.
This is very likely identical with Z. lucida var. hispida, Hallier (see p. 59).
The latex is worthless.
27. Landolphia Foreti, Jumelle. Add: De Wild. Not. Apocyn.
Laticif. Congo, 68.
28. Landolphia lucida var. hispida, /Zall. f. Add: Busse in
Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 171. Barren specimens collected on the Mpatila
Plateau, Busse, 1100,; said to yield caoutchouc.
1, Clitandra henriquesiana, K. Schum. Add: De Wild. Not.
Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, 53; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo,
139, fig. 10. Landolphia henriquesiana, Hall. f.; K. Schum. in Baum,
Kunene-Sambesi Exped., 336. The latex yields (according to Mannich
in Baum, l.c.) a kind of gutta percha which is, however, probably
worthless.
6. Clitandra orientalis, K. Schum. Fruit (according to De
Wildeman & Gentil) globose to ellipsoid-globose, 2 to almost 5 in. long;
pale green to orange-yellow with a blueish bloom, rind thick, glabrous,
somewhat tubercled ; seeds up to 40, pulp blood-red, very acid, edible.—
C. arnoldiana, De Wild. in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, exxxvi. (1903) 400,
and Not. Apoc. Laticif. Congo, 20; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch.
ae 80, tt. 9-10 and fig. 7 on p. 77; Chevalier in Rev. Cult. Colon.
xv. 5.
_ According to De Wildeman and Gentil, this is one of the commonest rubber
vines of the Congo Free State, extending westwards to Boma. The caoutchoue
prepared from the latex is black and said to be of excellent quality. Dawe, who
found it in the Dumu Forest, Buddu, at 4000 ft., also considers it as one of the best
rubber plants of Uganda.
ADDENDA. 595
6a. Clitandra Nzunde, De Wild. in Belgique Coloniale, 1903,
126 & in Notes Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, i. (1903), 22. A liane, up to
100 yards long and 8 in, in diam.; stems glabrous, bark dull pale
brown with numerous lenticels. Leaves oblong, cuneate at the base,
acutely acuminate, (acumen about 5 lin. long), 34-7 in. long, 14-24 in.
broad, coriaceous, glabrous, dull; secondary nerves about 11 on each
side, oblique, connected by submarginal arches, like the veins prominent
on both sides. Panicles axillary and terminal, short, compound, dense,
many-flowered, globose, 74 lin. in diam., puberulous ; peduncle short ;
bracts small; pedicels } lin. long, shortly pubescent. Corolla minutely
puberulous without ; tube inflated below, then suddenly contracted at
the level of the calyx tips, inflated again and contracted at the mouth,
about 14 lin. long, up to 4 lin. wide ; lobes oblong-linear, as long as the
tube, over 4 lin. wide. Anthers inserted at the middle. Ovary
glabrous, ovoid; style short.—De Wild. in De Wild. & Gentil, Lian.
Caoutch. Congo, 83.
South Central. Congo Free State: Ubangi District ; forests south of Banzy-
ville, particularly along water courses.
This is evidently closely allied to C. orientalis, differing as it seems only in the
size of the flowers. It is stated to yield excellent rubber. “ Nzunde” is the
vernacular name in the Ubangi District.
7a. Clitandra nitida, Stapf. A perfectly glabrous climber, with
very long slender hook-branched terminal or axillary tendrils; young
branches slightly quadrangular, drying dark chestnut-brown, more or
less glossy, with scattered whitish lenticels. Leaves elliptic to obovate-
elliptic, abruptly contracted into a rather broad obtuse acumen, 34-44
lin. long, rounded at the base, 23-4 in. long, 1} to over 2 in. broad,
coriaceous, glossy on both sides drying greenish-brown, dark above,
midrib slightly concave above, prominent below; secondary nerves
about 4 to an inch, with parallel finer tertiary ones between them, very
faintly raised above, very conspicuously connected below by flat arches
near to the thickened margin; petioles 4-6 lin. long. Cymes very
numerous, opposite, glabrous, 6 to more than 12-flowered, without the
corollas about as long as the petioles; bracts ovate to lanceolate,
Minute ; pedicels 14 lin. long, very slender. Calyx scarcely 1 lin. long,
glabrous ; sepals ovate, subacute or obtuse, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous
without; tube slender, subcylindric, slightly widened at the middle,
2 lin. long; lobes linear, subacute, 3 lin. long. Stamens inserted
below the middle; filaments very short; anthers lanceolate, con-
Spicuously acuminate, 4 lin. long. Ovary glabrous, ovoid, rather
suddenly contracted into the extremely short style; stigma sub-
cylindric from a thickened base, much longer than the style. Fruit
(Whyte) globose or depressed globose, 2-24 in. long, covered with pro-
Minent warts and nodules all over, light red or yellow. Seeds 15-20
in a pleasantly acid, pink pulp.
Upper Guinea. Liberia: within 20 miles from Karka Town, Whyte!
Sinou Basin, Whyte! Greenville, Sim, 24!
The latex of this species is col'ected for rubber. C. nitida is nearest allied
596 ADDENDA.
to C. Barteri and C. visciflua, but is easily recognised by the bold and elegant looser
nervation.
8. Clitandra visciflua, K. Schum. Second or outer marginal
nerve sometimes indistinct or absent. Peduncle rarely minutely
pubescent. Ovary sometimes with a few hairs in the upper part;
ovules 16-20 in 4 rows in each carpel (not 8 in 2 rows as stated on
p- 67). Fruit ovoid, about 3 in. long, truncate at the top; pericarp
smooth, crustaceous (when dry). Seeds numerous, irregularly ovoid or
ellipsoid, angular, 7-8 lin. long.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker, 2244! 2244a!
Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Klaine, 1258! 3296!
10. Clitandra cirrhosa, Radlk. Fruit subglobose, suddenly
contracted at the base, truncate at the top, coarsely and densely
verrucose, warts partly confluent, up to 2 in. across. Seeds ellip-
soid, 7-8 lin. long, 6-7 lin. broad.—Bonnet in Bull. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Par. vii. (1901), 283; Chevalier in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par.
vii. (1901), 426.
Lower Guinea. Add ‘—Gaboon, Klaine, 3079!
Worth Central.. French Congo: everywhere along the Gribingui River,
Foureau,.
According to Foureau (ex Bonnet, l.c.), this yields good caoutchoue.
10a. Clitandra lacourtiana, De Wild. in De Wild. & Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch Congo, 110, t. 24. A liane, up to 100 yards long, 6 in.
in diam. ; bark blackish-brown, shining with minute lenticels. Leaves
oblong or obovate, very shortly cuneate at the base, abruptly acuminate
(acumen linear, obtuse), 24-41 lin. long, 1 to almost 2 in. broad, midrib
broad, shallowly channelled above, prominent below; lateral nerves
very numerous, subhorizontal, connected by a wavy submarginal nerve
close to the margin; petiole slender. Flowers unknown. Fruit
globose or pyriform, smooth or subrugose, 12—4 in. in diam. ; rind thick,
hard, yellowish ; seeds grey in a whitish pulp, 3-70, about 11 lin. long,
6 lin. broad.
South Central. Congo Free State: Kanda-Kanda, on the Luile River,
Gentil, 64.
There is nothing in the description and plate to distinguish C. lacourtiana from
C. cirrhosa, Radkl. The petioles are, in the description, said to be 5-10 lin. long,
ss cba as 2}-53 lin. long. C. lacourtiana is stated to yield little and worthless
rubber,
12a. Clitandra Gentili, De Wild. in Belgique Colon. 1903, 187
and in Notes Apocyn. & Latex Congo, 25. A liane with axillary
tendrils; young branches glabrous, reddish-brown, shining, at length
grey with small pale lenticels. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, abruptly
and obtusely acuminate (acumen 34-4 lin. long, 1 lin. broad) rounded
or obscurely cordate at the base, 23-3} in. long, 2-2} in. broad ;
margins wavy; midrib subconvex above, slightly prominent bvlow;
ADDENDA. 997
secondary nerves about 16 on each side, horizontal, faint, connected by
submarginal arches; veins scarcely visible ; petiole channelled, 14-2
lin. long. Panicles short, congested, axillary and pseudo-terminal,
about 10-flowered, loose, shortly pubescent, about 1 lin. long. Sepals
ovate-oblong, # lin. long, keeled, ciliate. Corolla white, glabrous; tube
? lin. long; lobes linear, obtuse, 8 lin. long. Anthers exceeding the
corolla-mouth. Ovary ovoid; style short.
South Central. Congo Free State: Eastern Kwango ; banks of the Juma
River, Gentil.
The description exactly fits C. Mannii, with the exception of the inflorescence
which is described as pubescent in C. Gentili, whilst it is perfectly glabrous in
C. Mannii.
14a, Clitandra membranacea, Stapf. A climbing perfectly
glabrous shrub, with long very slender tendrils; branches very slender,
terete, green, at length pale brown, lenticels very scattered, inconspicu-
ous. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate (acumen 4-8
lin. long, subacute or obtuse), minutely cordate at the base, 3-4 in.
long, 14-1} in. broad, thin-papery ; midrib very slightly convex above,
much more so below ; secondary nerves 7-9 on each side, very slender,
oblique, connected by faint arches, like the loose veins very faintly
raised on both sides; petioles up to 14 lin. long, rather broad at the
base. Flowers solitary (always ?) in the leaf-axils, subsessile; bracts
about 6, gradually increasing upwards, ovate, sparingly ciliolate. Calyx
1 lin. long, green; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse, sparingly and minutely
ciliolate. Corolla glabrous on both sides, 5 lin. long in bud, greenish ;
tube urceolate-campanulate, shortly exserted from the calyx; lobes
linear, obtuse, 4 lin. long. Stamens inserted below the middle of the
corolla-tube ; filaments very short; anthers erect, ovate-lanceolate
reaching to the corolla-mouth. Ovary oblong-conic, very minutely
hairy ; style extremely short ; stigma conical.
Upper Guinea. Liberia ; Greenville, Sim !
Some barren specimens, collected by Whyte in the Sinou Basin, with somewhat
shorter and broader (elliptic) leaves and very fine long tendrils, evidently belong to
this species.
la. Carpodinus eetveldeana, De Wild. in De Wild. & Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 107, t. xxiii. A strong liane; stems glabrous,
8-12 in. in diam., bark brown, with numerous white lenticels. Leaves
elliptic, cuneate at the base, acutely acuminate, 5-12 in. long, 1% to
almost 4 in. broad, glabrous; midrib channelled above 3 secondary
nerves 15 on each side, much raised, connected by submarginal arches ;
veins rather indistinct; petiole 6-15 lin. long. Flowers unknown.
Fruit subglobose, truncate at the base, shortly or obscurely apiculate,
3-7 in. long, subsessile ; rind yellowish-red, mottled with brown, thick,
fleshy, smooth ; seeds 4—40 in a yellow pulp, 1 in. long, 6 lin. broad.
South Central. Congo Free State: near the Lulua River, between Luebo
and Luluabourg, Gentil, 60.
De Wildeman suggests C, maxima as the nearest ally.
598 ADDENDA.
5. Carpodinus dulcis, Sabine. Add: Chevalier in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 317, 423.
5a. Carpodinus oocarpa, Stapf. A climbing shrub with pseudo-
axillary flagelliform tendrils ; young branchlets softly hairy, (tomentum
consisting of short subadpressed and more or less numerous long rust-
coloured hairs), at length glabrescent, brown with minute lenticels.
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, distinctly and often abruptly acuminate
(acumen 4-7 lin. long, slender, acute or subacute), minutely but
distinctly cordate, very rarely rounded at the base, 24-5 in. long, 14-2
in. broad, coriaceous, usually sparingly fulvo-hirsute on the midrib
below otherwise glabrous except when quite young; midrib narrowly
channelled above, much raised below; lateral nerves 4-6 on each side,
slightly channelled above, raised below, connected by bold arches rather
distant from the margin ; petiole 1-3 lin. long. Cymes axillary, sessile,
contracted, fulvo-hirsute, few-flowered ; flowers sessile ; bracts about 6
with each flower, oblong to lanceolate, the inner adpressed to the calyx, all
fulvo-hirsute, 14 lin. long. Calyx 14-14 lin. long; sepals 4, ovate,
acute, ciliolate. Corolla-tube slender, 4} lin, long, widened above the
insertions of the stamens, perfectly glabrous without, with a few hairs
in the widened part within ; lobes narrow-lanceolate, as long as the
tube or slightly longer, twisted. Ovary densely hirsute above the
middle ; style very slender, minutely crispo-puberulous except at the
hirsute base, 4 lin. long. Fruit according to a drawing by Whyte more
or less egg-shaped oblong or ellipsoid, obtuse, 24-4 in. long, 14-2 in.
across, yellow, rough transversely rugose. Seeds 30-60.
Upper Guinea. Liberia: Monrovia; within 20 miles of Karka Town,
Whyte! Sinou basin, Whyte, 9! 3! Greenville, Sim, 7! 27!
Very closely allied to C. dulcis, and only differing from it in the leaves having
cordate bases and fewer more distant nerves, slightly larger flowers and egg-shaped
or ellipsoid, perfectly obtuse fruits.
One of Sim’s specimens, numbered 7 , has quite glabrous leaves with rounded
base and almost glabrous branches. This yields, according to Whyte, good rubber.
_ 6. Carpodinus hirsuta, Hua. Add: Chevalier in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900), 423; Arnaud, in Bull, Mus, Hist. Nat.
Par. viii. (1902), 70; De Wild, & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 101,
fig. 8, B.
\, 0% Carpodinus globulifera, A. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii.
316. A shrub, climbing with hook-branched tendrils, springing from
the branch-forks ; young branches stout, hirsute or hispid with reddish
spreading hairs. Leaves elliptic to obovate, cuspidate or rounded at
the apex, slightly sinuate at the base, 14-44 in. long, 1-3 in. broad,
coriaceous, drying blackish-brown above, sparingly hirsute above, soon
glabrescent except the midrib, densely and softly hairy below, midrib very
finely channelled above ; lateral nerves about 6 on each side, rather
spreading, slender ; petiole stout, 21 lin. long, densely hirsute. Flowers
in dense hirsute sessile globose clusters in the leaf-axils; bracts ovate,
ADDENDA. d99
acute, densely fulvo-hirsute, close to the calyx and passing into the
sepals. Calyx 14 lin. long; sepals 5, ovate, acute, densely fulvo-
hirsute. Corolla yellowish, 4 lin. long, clavate in bud, pubescent
without except at the glabrous base; tube 2 lin. long, subpapillose
within above the middle, otherwise glabrous ; lobes broad and obliquely
elliptic. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube; filaments
4 lin. long; anthers } lin. long. Ovary ovoid, hispid; style 1 lin. long,
finely filiform ; stigma clavate. Fruit unknown.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Bipinde, in forest, Zenker, 2352!
Very near to C. hirsuta, Hua, differing from it somewhat in the shape of the
leaves, but particularly in the shape of the sepals and corolla-lobes.
18. Carpodinus turbinata, Stapf. Add: De Wild. & Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 102, tt. 18-19, figs. 1-3. Common in the
forests of the Congo Free State. The latex is stated to be worthless.
19. Carpodinus ligustrifolia, Stapf. Fruit elongate-ovoid from
a truncate base, obtuse, emitting a resinous odour when cut, golden-
yellow when mature, smooth, over 4 in. long, 24 in. across ; seeds 4-40,
about 10 lin. long, embedded in white pulp.—De Wild. & Gentil, Lian.
Caoutch. Congo, 104, t. 21, figs. 1-4.
The area of this species extends, according to De Wildeman and Gentil, to the
Lualabe-Kasai, Eastern Kwango and Aruwimi Districts.
Var. angusta, De Wild. in De Wild. and Gentil, lc. 105, t. 22. Fruits more
oblong than in the type, 2-5 in. long, 14 to almost 2 in. across.
South Central. Congo Free State: on the banks of the River Lubue, near
Mukanda Monene, Gentil, 47.
20, Carpodinus gracilis, Stapf. Add: De Wild. Not. Apocyn.
Laticif. Congo, 43 et seq.; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo
129,—The latex is (according to De Wildeman and Gentil) useless.
22. Carpodinus lanceolata, X. Schum. Add: Cheval. in Buil.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900), 317, and in Compt.-Rend. Acad.
Paris, exxxv. (1902) 512; De Wild. Not. Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, i 39,
56, 94 and Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo, i. 68; De Wild. & Gentil,
Tian. Caoutch. Congo, 130.
Common in all the plains and in the clearings of the equatorial forests of
eastern part of the Congo Free State and in French Congo.
Dewevre’s statement that C. lanceolata assumes sometimes a climbing habit is,
according to the accounts of more recent travellers and collectors, erroneous. Inves-
tigations made recently by Schlechter and others into the value of the latex have
demonstrated its worthlessness for caoutchouc production.
27a. Carpodinus leucantha, KK. Schum in Baum, Kunene-
Sambesi Exped. 338. A shrub, erect up to 14 ft. high, or climbing up
to 9 ft.; branches glabrous, slender, reddish-brown, bark peeling off.
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, broad-
0? ee 4 ee +h - later Y ‘I
acute at the base, 1} to almost 6 in. long, 3-1q in. broad ; lateral nerves
600 ADDENDA,
15 or more on each side, horizontal, more or less prominent ; petiole
13-2} lin. long. Flowers terminal, solitary ; pedicel 24-5 lin. long ;
bracts in 38 pairs, close to the calyx. Sepals oblong-trianular, acute,
scarcely 1 lin. long, minutely ciliate. Corolla funnel-shaped, yellowish-
white ; tube 10 lin. long, thickened at the mouth; lobes narrow, 1-1}
lin. long. Anthers 1? lin. long, inserted 8 lin. above the base. Fruit
a globose, orange-coloured berry.—De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch.
Congo, 128.
Lower Guinea. South Angola; by the Longa River, above the Lazingua
River, 4000 ft., Baum, 669!
Said to yield rubber in small quantities.
29. Carpodinus Gentilii, De Wild. Fruit subglobose to ovoid,
to over 6 in. long, 5 in. in diam., coarsely rugose ; seeds up to 52 in a
very acid pulp.—De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 99, tt. 16,
17 and 19, figs. 4-7,
The area of this species extends over the following districts of the Congo Free
State : Equateur, Lualabe-Kasai, Eastern Kwango, Aruwimi and Bengala.
2. Carissa Arduina, Lam. Add: Lyciwm cordatum, Mill. Gard.
Dict. ed. viii., No. 10,
Acokanthera lycioides, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 485, is Lycium
cinereum, Thunb.
8. Pleiocarpa flavescens, Stap/.
Upper Guinea. Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 481!
*. Pleiocarpa tubicina, Stapf. Add: Stapf in De Wild. Ill. Fl.
Congo, i. 91, t. 46. De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga, i. 107.
1. Diplorrhynchus Welwitschii, folfe. Add: De Wild.
Notes Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, 33, 34; K. Schum. in Baum, Kunene-
Samb. Exped. 338,
Lower Guinea. South Angola: between Goud Kopje and Kakele, 4000 ft.,
in sandy soil among rocks, Baum, 178.
2. Diplorrhynchus angolensis, Biitinex, Add: De Wild. Not.
Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, 33, 34.
_ 4. Diplorrhynchus mossambicensis, Penth. Add: De Wild.
Ktudes Fl, Katanga, i. 101, D. Welwitschti, K, Schum, in Baum,
Kunene-Samb. Exp, 338, non Benth.
Ja. Hunteria Ballayi, Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vii.
(1902), 281. A perfectly glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptic, obtusely
acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, 3-74 in. long, 1 to almost 3 in.
broad, shining, many-nerved. Cymes few-flowered, subsessile, axillary
or pseudo-terminal, sometimes from the old wood. Calyx up to 4 lin.
ADDENDA. 601
long; sepals 5, broad, rotundate. Corolla perfectly glabrous without ;
tube cylindric, slightly constricted at the middle and the mouth, 3 lin.
long; lobes ovate, 14 lin. long. Stamens inserted 2 lin. above the
base of the corolla-tube ; filaments sparingly hairy at the base; anthers
ovate, acute. Ovary glabrous, acute; carpels 2-ovuled.
' Lower Guinea, (Guaboon, Ballay.
This is undoubtedly a species of Pleiocarpa, evidently very close to P. bicar-
pellata.
2. Rauwolfia caffra, Sonder. Add: De Wild. Etudes FI.
Katanga, i. 102.
12. Rauwolfia Cumminsii, Stapf Cymes 3-7-flowered;
peduncle 2 in. long. Calyx }—} lin. long. Corolla-tube 44 lin. long,
cylindric, constricted at the mouth and in the uppermost 4, villous within
just below the mouth, sparingly hairy below the stamens for a short
distance ; lobes broad-ovate, obtuse, } lin. long. Disc tubular, enclosing
the free carpels to or beyond the middle, Style glabrous.
Upper Guinea. Liberia; without prec'se locality, Whyte!
A curious state of this species was collected by Whyte in Liberia, within 20
miles of Karka Town. It has an appearance rather different from that of the other
specimens of R, Cumminsii, owing to the more. abundant development of inflores-
cences and the reduction of the foliage. The fruits are mostly solitary mericarps
and convex on both sides, although much more so on one side tian on the other.
The young flowers of the specimen agree, as far as they go, exactly with those of
R. Cumminsii.
13a. Rauwolfia liberiensis, Siap/. stem-leaves in a few distant pairs, sessile, erect, 6—11 lin. long,
1-2 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate or linear, acute. Cymes moderately
lax, paniculate, with the main branches 4—5-flowered. Pedicels 3-6
lin. long. Sepals 5, erect, shortly connate at the base, 2-3 lin. long,
3-3 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate to a very acute point, acutely
keeled. Corolla 5-lobed, carmine; tube 1} lin. long ; lobes 34 lin.
long, 14 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute. Stamens inserted in the throat of
ADDENDA. 627
the tube, exserted ; filaments # lin. long; anthers 14 lin. long, linear,
slightly twisted, yellow. Style about 4 in. long, filiform; stigmatic
part narrowly elongate-conical, acute.—Schoch in Bot. Centralbl.,
Beihefte, xiv. 232.
Lower Guinea. Angola: by the Kampuluve River, Bawm, 739
Gilg describes the corolla-tube as 2 lin. (4 mm.) long, the lobes as 5-53 lin.
(10-11 mm.) jong, and the stigma as 2-lobed. I find them as above described on
the type specimens.
4. Chironia transvaalensis, Gily. Add: C. palustris, Gilg in
Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 334, not of Burchell.
South Central. Congo Free State: left bank of the River Kubango, near
Kavanga, Baum, 417.
629
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
The Synonyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Italics.
Page
Acocanthera. , 92
Acokanthera = 92,
abyssinica, K.Schum,
93, 95
Deflersii, Schweinf. 94
Lamarkw, G. Don. 94
lycioides, G. Don . 600
Ouabaio, Poisson 93
Schimperi,Schweinf. 93
Schimperi,Schweint. 94
var. Deflersii, |
Stapf 94
sp., Benth. & Hook.f. 95
spectabilis, Hook. f.
venenata, G. Don .
venenata, Schweinf.
Adenium . ee
arabicum, Balf. f.
behmianum, Schinz
coétaneum, Stapf . 227
Hongel, A. DC. 229, 614
multiflorum,
Klotzsch 229
namaquartum,
Henslow . 491
obesum, Balf. f. . . 228
somalense, Balf. f. . 228
speciosum, Fenzl . 228
speciosum, Oliv... 228 |
Adenopogon
stellarioides, Welw. 581
Aichmolepis. . . . 260
rosmarinifolia,
Decne. . . 263
Alafia . Ge 5 195
Barteri, Oliv. . . 197
Benthamii, Stapf . 199
Butayei, Stapf . . 199
caudata, Stapf . . 199
cuneata, Stapf . . 198
grandis, Stapf . . 196
landolphioides, X.
Schum. . 197, 610
|
|
|
Page
Alafia (continued)
lucida, Stapf. 2 UGE
major, Stapf. 201, 611
malouetioides, A.
Schum. , . 201
microstylis, A.
Schum... 12. 200
orientalis, A. Schum.
200, 611
parciflora, Stapf . 610
reticulata, K.Schum. 198
sarmentosa, Stapf . 200
scandens, De Wild. 610
Schumannii, Stapf. 197
Whytei, Stapf . . 610
Allamanda 3 ily
Aubletii, Pohl 118
cathartica, Linn. 117, 602
Schottii, Bot. Mag. . 118
Alstonia . 120
congensis, Hngl. 121, 602
scholaris, Chev. 121, 602
Ancylobotrys
amena, Hua. .46, 590
mammosa, Pierre 44
var. crassifolia,
Pierre 44
var. mucronata,
Pierre 44
petersiana, Pierre . 48
var. forbesiana,
Pierre ce 48
pyriformis, Pierre . 60
robusta, Pierre . 43
rotundifolia, Pierre 48
AmisODUS =) 6 =... S10
bicoronata, NV. F. Br. 416
Mannii, V. #. Br. . 416
Anthocleista . ee Oot
bertsiana, De Wild.
& Dur. 625
Buchneri, Gilg . . 539
inermis, Lngl. . 541
Page
Anthocleista (continued)
Kalbreyeri, Baker .
540
kamerunensis, Gilg. 538
lanceolata, Gilg. . 539
laxiflora, Baker. . 542
liebrechtsiana, De
Wild. & Dur. . 540
macrantha, Gilg . 539
macrophylla, G. Don 538
magnitica, Gilg. . 541
niamniamensis,Gilg 539
nigrescens, Afz.. . 625
nobilis, G. Don 538, 625
orientalis, Gilg . . 539
parviflora, Baker . 539
procera, Lepr. . . 539
pulcherrima, Gily . 540
scandens, Hook. f. . 542
Scheffleri, Gilg. . 542
Schweinfurthii, Gilg 541
squamata, De Wild.
CDi | a blo
stuhImanniana, Gilg 540
Vogelit, Planch. . 538
zambesiaca, Baker . 540
Zenkeri, Gilg . 539
Antura
hadiensis,G.F.Gmel. 89
Aphanostylis
exserens, Pierre . 69
flavidiflora, Pierre. 71
laxiflora, Pierre. 70
leptantha, Pierre 70
Mannii, Pierre . 69
pyramidata, Pierre. 72
Apocynacea
No. 55, Welw. . . 147
APOCYNACEX 24
Apocynum
frutescens, Afz.. . 281
viminale, Bassi . . 384
zeylanicum, Herm. . 127
Apoxyanthera . . 269
630
Page
Apteranthes
cylindrica, Decne. . 477
tessellata, Decne. . 475
Arduina
acuminata, E. Meyer
bispinosa, Linn. .
edulis, Spreng. .
edulis, Warb. . .
erythrocarpa, Eckl.
Serox, E. Meyer .
heematocarpa, Eckl.
Ouabaio, Cornu .
tetramera, Sacleux .
Argelia
Delilii, Decne.
ASCLEPIADEX
Asclepias . EM
abyssinica, V.H. Br. 333
albida, NV. #. Br. . 334
amabilis, V. £. Br. 338
angustata, V.£. Br. 343
aphylla, Thunb. . 400
. aurea, Schlechter . 345
var. brevicuspis,
S. Moore . . 345
Baumii, Schlechter . 617
buchenaviana,
Rees
Buchwaldii, NV. Z. Br.
Burchellii, Schlechter
coccinea, NV. E. Br.
concolor, Schlechter
conspicva, NV. H. Br. 324
convolvulacea, Willd. 388
cordata, Forsk. . . 386
crassifolia, Linn. . 330
crinita, NV. E. Br. . 352
curassavica, Linn. . 328
densiflora, N. E. Br. 320
denticulata,
Schlechter. . . 328
dependens, V.F. Br. 352
dissoluta, Schlechter 347
eminens, Schlechter 351
eximia, Schlechter . 371
filiformis, Benth. d:
Hk. f. ee
91
91
89
92
91
91
91
93
92
. 403
s Zon
313
337
617
335
340
378
: . 336
var. buchena-
viana, V. £.
Br. . 336
. 368
a asa
. 349
- 349
Jirma, Schlechter
flavida, N. EF. Br.
foliosa, NV. EH. Br.
foliosa, Hiern
Frederici, Hiern . 335
fruticosa, Zinn.. . 330
var. angustissima,
Schlechter . . 333
fulva, N.E#. Br... . 321
Asclepias (continued)
Galpinii, Schlechter
Page
Sie
geminata, Roxb. . 414
gigantea, Jacq. . . 295
gigantiflora,
Be Br. . . 326
glaberrima,
Schlechter . . 298
glaucophylla,
Schlechter . 321, 616
Grantii, Schlechter
integra, N.E. Br.
370
. 334
Kessneri, V. HL. Br. 616
laurentiana,
Ne Hs Bre. . 342
laniflora, Forsk. . 297
leucocarpa,
Schlechter . 5 oR
leucotricha,
Schlechter . S015
lineolata, Schlechter
322
lineolatus, S. Moore 323
lisianthoides,
INE BT O26
longissima, V.H. Br. 338
macrantha, Hochst. 340
macrochila,
Schlechter . . 376
macropetala,
N. EE. Bo. . . 616
mashonensis,
Schlechter . . 366
modesta, N. H. Br. 348
var. foliosa,
Nett Be BAS
muhindensis,
NP Bres . 344
muricata, Schum. &
Thonn. . 5 5 Gilets!
nuda, Schum. &
honn. . 5 clenl
nutans, NV. #. Br. . 352
Nattii, V. #. Br. .
odorata, N. HL. Br. .
pachyclada, NV. Z.Br.
palustris, Schlechter
petherickiana,
Schlechter .
Phillipsie, NZ. Br.
physocarpa,
Schlechter .
procera, Willd. .
propinqua, NV. £. Br.
pubiseta, NV. HL. Br.
pulchella, NW. #. Br.
pygmea, N. HL. Br.
Randi, S. Moore .
reflexa, Britt. &
Rend.
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Page
Asclepias (continued)
rhacodes, V. H. Br. 342
robusta, NV. #. Br. . 324
rostrata, NV. #. Br. . 331
rubella, V. #. Br. . 348
rubicunda,
Schlechter . & 618
distincta, N. E. Br. 371
Holstii, KX. Schum. . 374
orbicularis, NeW: Br. 375
rosea, Britt. 374
rosea, Oliv. 373
rosea, OUV. =. 6 375
Whyte, K. Schum. 374
Marsdenia ; 417
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
: Page
Marsdenia (continued)
angolensis, V. . Br. 423
bicoronata, K.
Schum. . 417
crinita, Oliv.. . . 418
efulensis, V. FE. Br. 423
floribunda, N. E. Br. 422
glabriflora, Benth. . 424
var. orbicularis,
WE II, IE sg AOE
latifolia, Schlechter 425
leonensis, Benth. . 424
profusa, V. H#. Br. . 425
profusa, N. E. Br. . 410
racemosa, A’. Schum. 425
rhynchogyna, K&.
Schum: - . 416
rubicunda, NV. L. Br. 421
Schimperi, Decne. . 419
spissa, S. Moore 420
stelostigma, A.
SChUM. 4. 619
Taylori, Schl. d:
TOR ee 422
umbellifera, A.
Schum. . 122
zambesiaca,
Schlechter . 420
Mascarenhasia . 193
caustica, K. Schum. 194
elastica, A. Schum. 194
variegata, Britt. &
Rend. : 193
Mayepea . . pee
africana, Knobl. 20
Mannii, Knobl. sea)
nilotica, Knobl. 220
Welwitschii, Knobl. 21
Menyanthes
indica, Thunb. 584
indica, var. 8, Lam. 586
Meristostylus 544
Microloma
pyrotechnicum,
Spreng. 433
Microstephanus . . 288
cernuus, VV. £. Br. 288
Monetia
barlerioides,L’ Herit. 23
Monobothrium
Schimperi, Hcchsi. . 573
Monostemma
aphyllum, Turez, . 400
tetrapterum, Turcz. 400
Monothylacium . 490
Morinda
longiflora, G. Don . 543
Mostuea . 504
angvlana, Hiern. . 510
INDEX OF GENERA AND
Page
Mostuea (continued)
Batesii, Baker . 506
Brunonis, Didr.~ . 505
Buchholzii, Hngl. . 505
Camporum, Gilg. . 509
congolana, Baker . 509
densiflora, Gilg . . 508
Dinklagei, Gilg. . 508
Duchesnei, De Wild. 623
erythrophylla, Gilg. 506
fuchsisefolia, Baker. 507
gabonica, Baill. 509
Gilletii, De Wi ild. . 623
grandiflora, Gilg 507
hirsuta, Bail. . . 509
Lujxi, De Wild. &
Dur . 506
Er icroohyila, Gilg 505
neurocarpa, Gilg. . 508
orientalis, Baker 508
penduliflora, Gilg . 505
poggeana, Baker . 510
rubinervis, Engl. 508
rubrinervis, Engl. . 508
schumanniana, Gilg 508
Schweinfurthii,
Baker . : 510
taysmansiana, De
Wild. 623
Thomsoni, Benth. . 505
ulugurensis, Gilg 506
Walleri, Baker . 507
Zenkeri, Gilg . 507
Motandra . : . 224
Erlangeri, K. Schum. 613
glabrata, Baill. 222
guineensis, A. DC.
224, 613
guineensis, Hiern . 225
Lujei, De Wild. &
Dur. 225, 613
pyramidalis, Stapf . 225
rostrata, A. Schum.
226, 613
viridiflora, K.
Schum. . . | 613
welwitschiana, Baill. 223
Nanostelma . 411
congolana, Baill. | 411
congolanum, K.
Schum. . 411
Nathusia
alata, Gilg 16
alata, Hiern . 15
var. tomentella,
Hiern 17
alata, Hochst. 16
golungensis, O. Kze, 14
Nathusia (continued)
Holstii, Engl. &
Gigs;
trichoclada, 0. Kze.
Nerium
coronarium, Jacq.
divaricatum, Linn. .
scandens, Thonn.
Neurotheca .
Baumii, Gilg
congolana, De Wild.
ce Dir.
corymbosa, Hua
exacoides, Gilg .
leeselioides, Oliv.
longidens, NV. #7. Br. 5
robusta, Hua .
rupicola, Hua.
Schlechteri, Si
Nuxia .
angolensis, Gilg .
congesta, L. Br.
Dekindtii, Gilg .
dentata, #. Br. .
floribunda
var. Holsti’,
getzeana, Gig .
Holstii, Gilg .
Mannii, Gilg
odorata, Gilg
oppositifolia, Benth. 5
platyphylla, Gilg
polyantha, Gilg .
rupicola, Gilg
sambesina, Gilg .
usambarensis, Gilg . 5
Volkensii, Gilg .
Octopleura
leselioides, Spruce . 5
var. compacta,
Oliv.
var. grandiflora,
Knobl. 561, 5
Odontostelma
Welwitschii, Rendle
Olea .
chrysoph ylla, Engl.
chrysophylla, Lam. .
europea, Linn.
var. nubica,
Schweinf. .
var. sativa, DC.
Hochstetteri, Baker
laurifolia, Hochst. .
laurifolia, Lam.
somaliensis, Baker .
undulata, Jacq. .
OLEACEX
Gilg 5
SPECIES. 639
Page Page
Omphalogonus . . . 256
calophyllus, Baill, . 256
17 | Oncinotis . : = 220
15 axillaris, A. Schum. 216
Batesii, Stapf 221
127 campanulata, A.
127 Schum. . 222
197 chlorogena, A’.
559 Schum. . 224, 612
562 glabrata, Stapf. . 222
glandulosa, Stapf
562 221, 611
562 gracilis, Stapf 223, 612
962 hirta, Oliv. 223, 612
560 melanocephala, K.
560 Schum. Pe 219
561 nitida, Benth. 221, 612
561 subsessilis, A’.
561 Schum. . 224, 612
511 tenuiloba, Stapf. . 222
514 thyrsiflora, 4.
512 Schum... 612
514 zygodioides, K.
513 Schum. . 211
Oncostemma 410
515 cuspidatum, A.
se: Schum. . 410
515 | Ophelia
512 jimbriata, Hochst. . 573
913 | Orelia
513 grandiflora, Aubl. . 118
512 | Orthanthera . 433
513 albida, Schinz 434
514 browniana, Schinz . 435
914 jasminiflora,
15 NEBr 434
515 stricta, Hierr 434
Orthostemon
erectum, R. Br. . 558
560 Karki, N. KBr, - 658
Oxystelma 382
560 ceegyptiacum, Decne. 383
Alpini, Decne. 279, 383
962 esculentum
var. Alpini,
365 NOES Bre 382
17 Secamone, K.
18 Schum. . 383
18
18 | Pachycarpus . 376
concolor, Z. Meyer . 377
18 corniculatus, Hochst. 341
18 Galpinii, N. £. Br. 37
i marrochilus,
V7 NN. Bre 7
18 McKenii, NV. £. Br. 377
18 rhinophyllus,
18 VE = Br. : 377
1 scaber, NV. EL. Br. . 377
640
Page
Pachycarpus (continued)
schinzianus.V./.Br. 376
transvaalensis,
INGE Brae. 1500)
validus, V. FE. Br. . 377
Pachypodium 200
Lealii, Welw. 230,614
Pacouria
crassifolia, Hiern 44
florida, Hiern 39
parvifolia, Hiern 57
RON GSIa 2. 551
debilis, Hiern 552
gracilis, Hiern 551
grandis, Hiern . . 553
platyptera, Hiern . 553
primuliflora, Hiern, 553
Parquetina
gabonica, Baill, . . 258
Pentarrhinum . 378
abyssinicum, Decne. 379
var. angolense,
Ne He Bre... 379
abyssinicum, De
Wild. & Dur. . 379
fasciculatum, K.
Schum. . 5 Bhi
insipidum, Hiern . 379
insipidum, L. Meyer 378
Pentatropis 180
var. pendulus,
Pax 2 =). = 180
var. verrucosus,
Pax... . 182
sarmentosus, K.
Schum. . 181, 607
var. verrucosus,
Pax . 607
e |
| Strophanthus (con-
tinued)
scaber, Pax . - 176
Schlechteri, K.
Schum... 5 Leis
Schuchardti, Pax
184, 608
Senegal, Pax. 187, 609 |
Senegambie, A. DC. 180 |
sp., Gerrard . 08 |
sp., Heckel 5 ASA
sp., Helbing . 187
spp., Pax . 187
stanleyanus, Hort. . 170
Stuhlmanni, Pax . 172
thierryanus, K.
Schum. & Gilg.
175, 606
Tholloni, Franch.
171, 605
Tholloni, De Wild. 605 |
Verdickii, De Wild. 608
- var. latisepalus,
De Wild. . 608
verrucosus, Stapf
181, 607
Welwitschii, Gilg . 608
Welwitschti, K.
Schum: 2- . 183
White, Helbing 187, 609
wildemanianus,
Gilg . 179, 607
Strychnos ee okg
abyssinica, Flochst.. 93
aculeata, Solered. . 520
acutissima, Gilg. . 524
Afzelii, Gilg . 522
alnifolia, Baker. . 532
angolensis, Gilg. . 522
Barteri, Solered. . 523
behrensiana, ow &
Busse : . 531
brachyura, Gilg . 534
Buettneri, Gilg . . 535
Burtoni, Baker . . 533
Carvalhoi, Gilg. . 535
cerasifera, Gilg . . 531
chlorocarpa, Gilg . 521
chrysocarpa, Baker. 529
chrysophylla, Gilg . 525
cocculoides, Baker . 533
congolana, Gilg. . 521
dekindtiana, Gilg . 534
densiflora, Baill. . 528
Dewevrei, Gilg . . 521
Dinklagei, Gilg . . 520
distichophylla, Gilg . 525
dysophylla, Benth. . 533
emarginata, Baker . 537
643
Strychnos (continued)
Engleri, Gilg . 532
erythrocarpa, Gilg . 522
euryphylla, Gilg &
Busse oe 020
Fischeri, Gilg - 535
floribunda, Gilg 527
Gilletii, De Wad. . 624
Geetzei, Gilg . . 534
gracillima, Gilg. . 536
guerckeana, Gilg . 521
henriquesiana, Baker 528
henriquesiana,Gilg . 530
heterodoxa, Gilg . 530
Holstii, Gilg . . 529
Icaja, Baill. . 528
innocua, Del. . 532
var. pubescens,
Solered. . . 533
Kipapa, Gilg . 521
laxa, Solered. . 536
loandensis, Baker . 523
Lokua, A. Rich. . 536
longecaudata, Gilg . 527
Jucens, Baker . 524
malacoclados, C. H.
Wright . . 523
malifolia, Baker . 525
Marquesii, Baker . 530
megalocarpa, Crilg &
Busse (2. . 526
melastomoides, Gilg 527
microcarpa, Baker . 525
Miniungansamba,
lg 2a ee
Moloneyi, Baker . 527
myrtoides, Gilg &
Busse . .
nigritana, Baker
occidentalis,Solered.
omphalocarpa, Gilg
d& Busse .
anganensis, Gi
Gadanatihary, oe °
pungens, Solered.
Quaqua, Gilg . . 31
randieformis, Baill. 533
sansibariensis, Gilg. 535
scandens, Sch. &
‘Thonn ss. (3, 3. 44
Schefleri, Gilg . . 537
schumanniana, Gilg 624
Schweinfurthii, Gilg 525
. 531
- 523
530
- 525
526
531
- 530
sennensis, Baker . 529
sp., Benth, . . . 524
spinosa, Lam. . 536
var. pubescens,
Baker . . 537
splendens, Gilg . . 524
644
Page
Strychnos (continued)
Staudtii, Gilg . . 528
Stuhlmanni, Gilg . 529
suaveolens, Gilg. . 528
suberosa, De Wild. 624
subscandens, Baker 524
Monee. Gig = 2 7. 520
triclisioides, Baker . 533
Unguacha, A. Rich. 534
var. dschurica,
CMe eS Bat
var. dysophylla,
ne eS OS
var. grandifolia,
Guile 8
var. micrantha,
GOR Soe B82
var. microcarpa,
Guigs 3 =. 034
var. polyantha,
EG
var. see eee
Giese 3 698
usambarensis, Gilg . 526
variabilis, De Wild. 623
Vogelii, Baker . . 523
Volkensii, Gilg . . 536
Vuntac, Bojer . . 536
Wakefieldii, Baker . 532
Welwitschii, Gilg . 524
Welwitschii, Hiern
523, 524
xerophila, Baker . 534
xylophylla, Gilg. . 526
Zenkeri, Gilg. . 529
zizyphoides, Baker . 522
Sweertia . 5 oe
Swern ss es B70
abyssinica, Hochst. . 578
brevipedicellata,Gily 577
calycina, N. FE. Br. 574
clarenceana, Hook.f. 578
crassiuscula, Gilg . 576
curtidides, Gilg . . 580
dissimilis, V. E. Br. 579
Eminii, Hngl. . . 580
Engleri, Gilg . . 575
erosula, V. E. Br. . 572
filicaulis, Gilg , . 577
twambensis,
Ni Be. BF
intermixta, A. Rich. 383
Johnsoni, V. #. Br, 572
kilimandscharica,
Hagler BIS
Lastii, Engl... . . 579
Mannii, Hook. f. . 581
minima, Gilg. . . 575
multecaulis, Engl. . 575
| Page
| Swertia (continucd)
petitiana, A. Rich. . 577
pleurogynoides,
Baker. . 0
polyantha, Gilg. . 5
porphyrantha, Baker 57¢
pumila, Engl. 575, 576
pumila, Hochst... 575
qnartiniana, A. Rich. 574
Richardi, Engl. . . 575
Schimperi, Griseb. . 573
Sharpei, V. 2. Br. 581
stellarioides, Ficalho 581
subalpina, .V. #. Br. 578
tetrandra, Hochst. . 582
usambarensis, Zngl. 580
Volkensii, Gilg . . 576
Wellbyi, V. #. Br. 577
Welwitschii, Engl. . 581
Whytei, V. £. Br. . 579
wojeratensis,
INGE Bre, Ol
Tabernemontana
130, 140, 151
angolensis, Stapf . 147
Barteri, Hook. f. . 133
brachyantha, Stapf. 148
brachypoda, K.
MChuMeg 95 so kSi
contorta. Stapf . . 142
coronaria, Willd. . 127
crassa. Benthe =) . f4p
crassa, Cummins . 145
crispiflora, K.
mepiiis. 6. Sed
dipladeniifiora,
Staple 025) 8 21299
divaricata, R. Br. . 127
durissima, Stapf . 144
eglandulosa, Stapf
138, 139
elegans, Stapf . . 150
erythrophthalma,
KoSchum. >. 3 196
grandiflora, Hook. . 150
Holstii, Eng). . . 146
tneequalis, Pierre . 132
inconspicua, Stapf . 126
jollyana, Pierre. . 144
. longiflora, Benth. . 142
malaccensis, Hook, f. 126
mborensis, A. Schum. 150
monopodialis, K.
Rahs 52 AST
nitida, Stapf. . . 97
pachysiphon, Stapf. 146
peduncularis, Wall. 126
africana, A. DC. . 150 |
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Page
Tabernemontana (con-
tinued)
penduliflora, K.
Scham. .
Smithii, Stapf
stapfiana, Britt. .
stenasiphon, Stapf .
subsessilis, Benth.
Thonneri, De Wild.
& Dur 4 7 -
trialata, Pierre .
usambarensis, Engl.
ventricosa, Britt.
ventricosa, Hochst.
Volkensit, K.Schum.
Tabernanthe. ae
albiflora, Stapf .
Bocca, Stapf. .
Iboga, Baill. . :
Iboga, Oliv. . 123,
Mannii, Stapf .
subsessilis, Stapf
tenuiflora, Stapf .
Tacazzen 2 2
africana, V. E. Br.
apiculata, Oliv. .
var. benedicta,
Scott-Elliot .
var. glabra, K.
Schum.
Barteri, Baill.
conferta, V. £. Br. .
floribunda, A.
SCHUM 2
Markit, (Vic ite
Martini, Baill. .
nigritana, .V. 2. Br.
pedicellata, K.
Schum. .
var. occidentalis,
NE: Br.
rosmarinifolia,
N. E. Br. . 263,
salicina, Schlechter
Tholloni, Baill. . .-
venosa, Decne. . +
var. Martini,
NEBr es
verticillata, £.
SCRUM. 525 ee
volubilis, V. £. Br.
Welwitschii, Baill. .
Tachiadenus
continentalis, Baker
Pavaresias <9...
angolensis, Welw. .
Barklyi, .V. £. Br. .
Tenars 2 3
rostrata; V. £. Br. .
Tenaris (continued)
somaliensis,
NB Br oo
subaphylla,_V. Z. Br.
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Page |
. 473
A473
Volkensii, K.
Schum. . . 474
Tithymalus
pendulus, Haw. . . 385
Torenia
spicata, Engl. . . 558
Toxicophlaa
spectabilis, This. -
Vet, 95
Thunbergii, Harv.. 95
Thunbergit, Sonder. 95
Se oxocanpts:. , . , 286
africanus, Oliv. 280
brevipes, V. £. Br. 287
parviflorus'V. 2. Br. 288
racemosus, V. 2. Br. 287
Traunia. . . 417
albiflora, K. Scham. 419
Trichocaulon . 489
officinale, NV. £. Br. 489
pedicellatum, Schinz 490
Tylophora ‘ . 404
Adaline, A. Schum. 410
anfracta, V. £. Br. 408
apiculata, TG
Schum... 407
bojeriana, Decne. . 408
caffra, Meism . . 412
cameroonica,
VEE Bi. 407
cirrosa, Aschers. . 381
conspicua, VV. £. Br. 405
dahomensis, KA.
Schum. . 619
heterophylla, A E
Rich. 2. 404
ancana, Brunn. . 431
longipedunculata,
Schlechter . 404
oblonga, V. £. Br. . 408
oculata, V. #. Br. . 406
orthocaulis, £.
Schum. . . 410
plagiopetala, Schl. d
~Sehum.. . . 618
silvatica, K: Schutn. 408
stenoloba, NV. £. Br... 409
sylvatica, Decne. . 407
syringefolia,
Sproner. . . . 431
tenuipedunculata, A.
Tet colette ieee oes 409
ylophoropsis . . 403
heterophylla
N. £. 403 |
Page |
Unguacha
Simiarum, Hochst.. 534
Usteria c - tigles
guineensis, Willd. | 517
volubilis, Afzel.. . 517
Vahadenia . . m9
Laurentii Stapf. 30, 589
Vahea
comorensis, Boj.. . 40
elastica, KJ). . . 50, 56
florida, ¥. Muell. 39
Heudelotii, F.Muell. 54
Kirkii, Sadeb. 56
owariensis, F. Muell. 50
senegalensis, A. DC. 37
senegambensis,
var. Traunii,
padebs =. = 3 5)
tomentosa, Lepr. 54
Traunii, Sadeb. . 54
Villarsia
orbiculata, G. Don . 587
senegalensis, G. Don
586, 587
Vinca
fol. oblongo-ovatis,
Mill. . = THis,
WA incetoxicum 390
Adaline, K. Schum. 395
heterophyllum,
Vatker. . - 404
Holstii, K. Schum. . 392
Mannii, Scott-Ell. . 394
polyanthum, K,
Schume. =. 37393
sarcostemmoides,
Schweinf. . - 400
Virchowia
africana, Vatke. . 476
Voacanga. 5
africana, Stapf 157, 603
africana, Stapf 156, 157
var Jistapt « » 155
angolensis, Stapf . 154
angolensis, Stapf . 156
angustifolia, K.
Schum. . SG
Beehmii, K. Schum. 161
Behmii, K. Schum. 157
bracteata, Stapf. . 160
var. lanceolata,
Stapf 161, 604
bracteata, Stapf. . 160
caudiflora, Stapf. . 603
chalotiana, Pierre . 158
densiflora, K.Schum. 161
dichotoma,
Schum. . = LGL
645
Page
Voacanga (continued)
diplochlamys, A.
Schum.
=. i 160
Dregei, E. Meyer
. 154
glabra, K. Schum. , 158
folstit, Engl. . 146
Klainii, Pierre . 156
lutescens, Stapf. . 157
obtusa, K. Schum.
153, 603
obtusata, K. Schum. 153
psilocalyx, Pierre . 159
puberula, A. Schum. 156
Schweinfurthii, De
Wild. 156
Schweinfurthii, Dur,
& De Wild. . 158
var. parviflora,
K. Schum. .
Schweinfarthii,
Stapf s ...
spectabilis, Stapf
Thouarsti, Hiern
Thouarsii, Loem. é
. 158
~ 100
. 155
. 153
SChi ncaa: . 164
Zenkeri, Stapf . » 159
Voyria = =. o . 060
platypetala, Baker . 570
primuloides, Baker . 569
Willughbeia
cordata, Klotzsch . 40
petersiana, Klotzsch 48
senensis, Klotzsch . 48
Woodia :
trilobata, Schlechter 306
Wrightia
Afzelii, K. Schum. . 166
parviflora, Stapf . 166
Stuhlmannii, K.
Schum. . - 198
zeylanica, R. Br. . 127
Xysmalobium = 298
andongense, Hiern
309, 616
angolense, Scott-
Elliot . 308
barbigerum,
NV. E. Br. . - 307
bellum, NV. #. Br. . 311
Carsoni, N. E. Br. . 366
Cecile, NV. £. Br. . 310
concolor, D. Dietr. . 378
decipiens, NV. £. Br.
301, 615
dispar, N. E. Br.. 307
dissolutum, K.
Schum =: <; 348
646
{
_ Xysmalobium (con-
]
|
Pag
Xysmalobium (con-
tinued)
dolichoglossum, K. |
Schum.. . 368 |
fraternum, JV. £. Br. 305 |
fritillarioides,
Rendle . . 5 Cy4tl
gramineum,S. Moore 302
grande, NV. #. Br. . 311
heudelotianuw,
Decne. . . 304
heudelotianum,
Scott-Elliot 000 |
Holubii, Scott-
Alliot . : 802
Hlolubit, Scott-Elliot 302
Holubyi, Schlechter 615 |
involucratum, Decne. 302
lapathifolium K
Schum. .
a Od |
tinued)
leucotrichum,
IN. E. Bre.
membraniterum,
N. E. Br
orbiculare, Decne.
padifolium, Scott-
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
ZUCCRELG, oS
Page Page
Xysmalobium (con-
tinued)
spurium, N. E. Br. 367
. 615 trilobatum, V. 2. Br. 306
. 304 | Zaczatea . . 269
- 305 angolensis, Baill. . 272
269
Elliot . 805! angolensis, Deone. . 272
prismatostigma, K. | Zygodia . < 217
Schum. . . 308 axillaris, Benth. 4 Ale
reticulatum, | kindengensis, K.
INGE. Bry 23035 CMU eG
rhomboideum, | melanocephala,
N. E. Br 305 | Stapf.
schumannianum, 8. myrtitolia, Benth. 5 Vas:
Moore E subsessilis, Benth. . 218
sessile, Decne. 308 urceolata, Stapf. . 218
spathulatum, | Zygonerion
INGE Bs By) Welwitschii, Baill. . 183
647
ERRATA.
26, line 41, for DIPLORRHYNCUS read DIPLORHYNCUS,
34, 939
89, ,, 18, after Ovules insert about 8.
,, bottom line, for ii. read i.
94, line 19, for ser. 7 read ser. 1.
126,
139,
186,
225,
237,
bM
240,
278,
281,
316,
381,
382,
512,
514,
546,
560,
564,
565,
569,
570,
572,
9
9?
5, for 403 read 401.
10, tor malaccana read malaccensis.
10 from bottom, for D. Don read G. Don.
7, for Giirick read Giirich.
6 from bottom, for 14-4 lin. read 14-4 in
18, for 21 read 19.
37, for 19 read 20.
42, for 20 read 21.
.13, for TOVARESIA read TAVARESIA.
8, for leonense read leonensis.
24, for Leonense read Leonensis.
41, for 13 read 14,
2, dele & Arnott.
9 from bottom, for 1-1} lin. read 1-1} in.
12, for Dekindtii read dekindtiana.
10, for Dekinatii read Dekindtiana.
4, for zombensis read zombense.
24, for Zombensis read Zombense.
29, fori. read ii.
25, for 10 read 11.
11 from bottom, for 11 read 12,
26, for 12 read 13.
10, for 12 read 14.
9, for Emini read Eminiz.
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