FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA. Vol. | eC OF - TROPICAL AFRICA. iit AE: \ EDITED BY ‘\ \~ SIR WILLIAM T. THISELTON-DYER : K.C.M.G., C.LE., LLD., F.B.S. HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD : RECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW \ \ ILISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE FIRST COMMISSIONER OF HER MAJESTY’s WORKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS og | \ _ LONDON: { | LOVELL REEVE & CO, LrwrreyrEp, rege to the Home, Colonial and Endian Gode/obernments, Vee Set HENRIETTA § STREET, stecidesite GARDESDEN. / Ln FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA. EDITED BY SIR WILLIAM T,. THISELTON-DYER K.OM.G., CLE, LLD., F.BS., HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE FIRST COMMISSIONER OF HER MAJESTY’S WORKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS, LONDON: LOVELL REEVE & CO., LimiTeEp, Publishers to the Mome, Colonial and Endian Godermnents, 6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1900. OES a eee Soe oe a ef S 139 FLORA ve OF TROPICAL AFRICA. EDITED BY SIR W. T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M.G., C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., ETc. DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. VOL. V. ACANTHACEH TO PLANTAGINEX, PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE FIRST COMMISSIONER OF HER MAJESTY’S WORKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. LONDON; LOVELL REEVE & CO, Limiren, Publishers to the Mome, Colonial and Endian Godernments, 6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, 1900. DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE SEVERAL PARTS OF THIS VOLUME. Part I. pp. 1-192 was published September 1899. » iI. ,, 193-384 » June 1900. » lll. ,, 3885 to end December 1900. soe a uaessinnatpananal PREFACE, THe seventh volume of the Flora of Tropical Africa was completed in 1898. The circumstances under which the work was resumed are stated in the preface. The choice of the next instalment to be taken up was mainly determined by the assistance I was able to secure from contributors. Amongst these I am more especially indebted to my friend Mr. C. B, Clarke, F.R.S., who not merely undertook the difficult task of elabora- ting the Acanthacew, which occupy half the volume, but made a journey to Berlin to study the material preserved in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Museum. For the amended definition of the regions into which the area of the flora is divided reference may be made to the preface to the seventh volume. In the prefaces to the first and seventh volumes will be found an enumeration of the materials employed up to 1868 and of the most important additions to them which have reached Kew since. The only further collections at Kew cited in the present volume are :— III. Nive Lanp. J. Theodore Bent. Collection from the coast region of Nubia in 1895-6. (Died 1897.) IV. Lower Guinea. Dr. Ch. Bommer, Brussels. A collection of Lindner’s Damaraland plants. VI. Mozampique. Professor C. Fritsch, Graz. A collection made in the Zambesi Valley at Boruma by Father L. Menyharth,S.J. (Died 1899.) The present volume was ready for the press at the beginning of 6 PREFACE, 1898, The inconvenience of the delay in publication is obvious. The contributors see other writers secure the priority of their work, while the manuscript has continually to be re-written to incorporate what has been published while it is waiting for the printer. For all this I am in no way responsible. I prepare the work; but over printing and publi- cation I have not the slightest control. And as no less then five government departments have a say in the matter, the task of getting them into line is one of no small difficulty. el 2 XCVIII. ACANTHACEA (BURKILL AND CLARKE). in some strobilate spikes, the upper bracts may contain a solitary flower each, while lower “bracts” on the same spike may contain 2 or 3 flowers, and (though beyond question homologous with the upper bracts) be termed, therefore, floral leaves. The characters taken from the pollen are exceedingly useful in determining whether a single flower in a scrappy specimen is a Fuellia or a Dyschoriste. But it must not be supposed that the characters taken from pollen are more “‘ absolute” than other charac- ters. Thus, Lindau calls the ellipsoid pollen of Lepidagathis ‘‘ honey-combed,” but he adds a caution that it is in many species only reticulated ; and, in some species, 1 should say that this reticulation is so broken and imperfect that it cannot be differentiated from the granulated patches very generally present. In other words, I consider that there is a perfectly graduated series of pollen in the Acanthacew from honeycombed through reticulated to smooth ; and above all in the Hujusticiew, I con- sider that there is a complete gradation from the “tubercled” pollen characteristic of Justicia proper to that of Micoteba (Lindau), Duvernoia, or Lhaphidospora. The difficulty, however, of subdividing Justicia, so that it may be possible to locate a species definitely in one of its subgenera, is so enormous that any character which assists to such a desired consummation should be welcomed. When, however, Lindau throws over inflorescence, bracts, anther-cells and anther-tails, capsule-dehis- cence, number of seeds, nature of seed-coat, and forms a genus Micoteba or Duvernoia on pollen-characters only, we find the group contrary to nature itself ; it appears to me not a genus, but a handful of species taken at random from every part of the genus Justicia (in a very wide sense). Nor am I able, by such pollen-characters, to refer a- plant to its genus. Throughout the Order, the most valuable characters for forming the larger groups appear to be the number of ovules (either 2-1, or 3-several, in each cell), the number of stamens, the capsule and seeds. The combination of species in the Genera Plantarun’ made by Bentham, on a mixture of these characters, appear to place like with like much better than giving the pollen-characters a predominating value. Both Bentham and Lindau follow their predecessors in giving a high value to the elastic rising of the placenta in the fruit of Rungia, &c. Ihave here followed them ; but the giving this character a prepotent influence appears to me to separate like fromf like nearly as flagrantly as the pollen-character when similarly applied as of pre# dominant value (see the observations in table of genera upon Rungia, Macrorungia§, Dicliptera). if The large strong retinacula holding up the seeds usually suffice to refer a plant td this Order. The first 3 genera, where this character fails, are so strongly marked i other ways that they are easily recognised. A special eye should be kept on Nelsoni@) and Synnema, as these plants have been sometimes, on a hasty inspection, sorted int. Scrophulariacee. Excluded genera. Cornocutamys, T. Anders., is Loganiaceous. CyciocueiLon, Oliver, is Verbenaceous. ; TRIBE I. Thunbergieze.—Corolla-lobes contorted in the bud (no lobe wholl® within or wholly without theothers). Twocollateral ovules in each cell. Seeds globose | or orbicular, without retinacula. Fruit fleshy with one cell only —. . 1, AFROMENDONCIA. Fruit dry with a distinct beak, 2-celled 2. THUNBERGIA, Trize Il. MNelsonieze.— Calyx in the African species 4-partite. Corolla-lobt imbricate, the posterior lobes outermost. Stamens 2. Ovules in each cell man superposed in two series, Seeds small, globose, without retinacula. Spikes dense, slender, covered with bracts below the flowering __ portion . . . . se . . 3. Etyrrarra. Spikes dense, more or less ovate, sessile or with a naked peduncle. . : . . . . . . 4, Nexsonia, j Truss ITI. out or wholly within the others). XCVIII. ACANTHACEA: (BURKILL AND CLARKE). Ruellieze.— Corolla-lobes contorted in the bud (no lobe wholly with- Stamens 4 polliniferous (except in Brillantaisia, Lankesteria) ; anther-cells at equal height ; pollen of 3 forms, viz. (a) globose, honey - ] combed or reticulated ; (b) (9-15) narrow longitudinal smooth grooves. many extremely fine hairs which spring out on applying water. Subtribe i. Hycrornine%.—Ovules 3 or more in each cell ; capsule (unless accidentally) many-seeded. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped (see also Mel/era among the Euruel- lice). | Retinacula very small, conical, not curved ; seeds without on hygroscopic hairs. —Small herbs . . Retinacula curved ; seeds with hygroscopic hairs ; anther- cells muticous ; pollen ellipsoid, ribbed longitudin- ally. Stamens 4 . . . . . Stamens 2. Flowers large or medium Subtribe ii. Eurvueiire«.—Ovules 3 or morein eack cell ; capsule many-seeded. Corolla not (or indistinctly) 2- lipped (in J/elleru, the anticous lobe of corolla is ovate, by twice as broad as the others). Pollen globose; surface honeycombed or reticulated. oO, (Stamens 4; anthers muticous; inflorescence not strobilate.) 8 Leaves in subequal pairs, subequal at the base 8. RUE. Leaves in unequal pairs, oblique at the base . 9. EnposirHoy. Pollen ellipsoid, with 9-15 narrow longitudinal smooth grooves. Flowers large, laxly or closely panicled. Large plants. Corolla 2-lipped, anticous lobe twice as broad as the others. . . : . 10. Meuiera. Corolla not 2-lipped. { Anther-cells 8, muticous . . 11. PavLowiLHeEbMi.. Anther-cells 6, muticous, 2 long-spurred 12. Mrmunorsis. Anther-cells 4 ; calyx cylindric, ribbed 13. Puysacantnts. Flowers in axillary clusters ; corolla scarcely } in. long 14. Hemicraruis. | Flowers solitary ; corolla 1-1} in. long; leaves linear . 15. Rue.uiopsis. iy Pollen globose, echinate. Three posticous calyx-lobes iy connate more than half their length (except in D. ™ thunbergiiflorus) . . . . 16. Disricnocatyx. -btribe iii. SrropiiantHes.—Ovules 2 or 1 in each cel]. Corolla not or obscurely 2-lipped. of the capsule so as to throw out the seeds. Pollen globose, echinate or nearly smooth. Valves of the placenta not rising elastically from the base Pollen strongly echinate . . . . 17. Pollen minutely echinate, nearly smooth. Sepals large subcorolloid. Seeds without elastic hairs 18. Pollen globose, honeycombed or reticulate. Stamens 4. Calyx cylindric, 5-ribbed. . 19. Stamens 2 . . . ° . . . . 20. Pollen ellipsoid, with 9-15 narrow longitudinal smooth bands. Capsule cylindric, 4-seeded . . . . 21. Capsule ellipsoid, flattened, 2-seeded . 22. globose, echinulate or nearly smooth; (c) ellipsoid, with Calyx or bracteoles often conspicuous. _ Seeds (in all but two or three small genera) discoid, covered, at least on margins, with: . SYNNEMA. . HyGRornins. . BRILLANTAISIA. ACANTHOPALE, WHITFIELDIA, SATANOCRATER. LANKESTERIA, DyscHoristeE, DiIsPeRMA, 4 XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (BURKILL AND CLARKE). Valves of the placenta rising elastically from the base of the ripe capsule so as to throw out the seeds. Floral leaf containing 3-1 ebracteate ebracteolate flowers 23. Piayopsis. Each flower with 2 large ovate or elliptic bracteoles . 24, PeranipruM. TrreIV. Acantheee.—Corolla 1-lipned; tube short. Stamens 4; anthers 1-celled; pollen ellipsoid or subglobose, with longitudinal bands. Ovary with 2-1 ovules in each cell. Calyx 4-partite to the base. Pdsticous lip of corolla want- ing. Seeds hygroscopically hairy . . . . 25. Buerraris. Seeds without hairs . . . . . . . 26. Acanruus. Calyx 5-partite to the base. Corolla limb split down the € posticous face, so that the lip has 5 lobes all on one side. te Sepals all similar, posticous 1-nerved . . . . 27. ScLEROCHITON. — op Posticous sepal larger, 2-nerved, often 2-toothed at the ir tip . . : . : . . 28. CrossanpRa. 1s- 1a Tre V. Justiciese.— Corolla-limb subequally 5-lobed or 2-lippet, one loliwe wholly within, one wholly without in the bud. Ovules 2-1 in each cell (except ms Crabbea). Seeds without hygroscopic hairs. 2 a Subtribe i. Terranpre.—Stamens 4, all fertile; anther- cells rounded at the base. ‘ ; Ovules 3 or more in each cell. Corolla 2-lipped ; anther- cells 2 . . . : . . . . . 29. CRABBEA. Ovules 2-1 in each cell. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped. Pollen short ellipsoid, longi- tudinally marked. Calyx 5-fid. Racemes elongated, many-flowered . . . 30. THOMANDERSIA. Spikes short, sometimes unilateral, bracteate . 31. Lepmacartuis. Calyx 4-fid. Flowers scattered subsolitary . . 32. Linpauga, Corolla not distinctly 2-lipped. Corolla inflated upwards, mouth oblique ; posticous stamens with 2-celled anthers. Anther-cells at equal height . . . . 33. ASYSTASIA. One anther-cell below the other, smaller . . 34, Fineria, Corolla-mouth funnel-shaped, hardly oblique ; posti- cous stamens with 1-celled anthers . . . 35. NEURACANTHUS. Subtribe ii, Barterrex.—Stamens 2 fertile, 2 small rudi- ~ mentary often added. Calyx large, 4-partite to the base, 7.e., 2 anticous lobes connate nearly or quite to the tip. Anther-cells 2, rounded at base; pollen globose, reticulated . . . . : Subtribe iii, Eranroemes.—Stamens2. Corolla-tube long, linear ; limb subequally 5-fid, spreading. Anther- cells rounded at base ; pollen subglobose, slenderly marked longitudinally. Anther-cells 2, at equal height Anther-cell 1 . . . 36. Barteria. . 37. ERrantruemum. . 38. Rusprortia. Subtribe iv. Evususticrex.—Stamens 2. Corolla dis- tinctly 2-lipped. Calyx small or slender, or enclosed by bracts or bracteoles, 5-fid (except in a few species of Justicia). Seeds tubercular or smooth, without needle-like hygroscopic hairs, rarely with stiff or minute scabrous hairs. Sect. i. Monotheciew.—Anthers 1-celled. The flower not appearing as though enclosed between 2 opposite bracts. Placente not rising elastically from the base of the XCVIIT. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL AND CLARKE), v ey ~ capsule. | Corolla more than 1 in. long ; tube broad, cylindric . 39. Rurrya. | } Corolla small or slender. Corolla-tube cylindric . 40. Monoruectum., Corolla-tube very short . 41. OrEACANTHUS. | Corolla-tube linear, 3-1} iv. long 42, BracHysTEPHANLS. Sect. ii. = Typice. — Anthers 2-celled. The flower not f appearing as though enciosed between 2 opposite bracts, Placentze not rising elastically from the base of the capsule. | One anther cell below the other, distinctly tailed. | Capsule usually 4-seeded; seeds rough or tubercled (see 56. Rungia) Capsule 2-seeded ; seeds smooth, shining, rarely with minute scabrous or stiff hairs. One anther-cell somewhat below the other, at base rounded or mucronate (or hardly tailed in Adhatoda). Corolla large, or long. . JUSTICIA. . MonecHMa. Corolla-tube broad. Large-leaved shrubs . 45. ADHATODA. Corolia-tube long linear ; posticous lip small 46. RuInACANTHUS. » Corolla-tube short ; lips very long (see 57. Macro- , rungia) . 47, ANISOTES. Corolla slender. Panicle many- flowered, rather close. | floral leaves inconspicuous. Pollen globose, flattened, | with 2 stopples . 48. IsoGLossa. Floral leaves (at least in the type species) conspicuous. Pollen globose with 6 equatorial stopples . . 49, CHLAMYDOCARDIA. Anther-cells at equal height, rounded at the base. bracts or floral leaves broad. Capsule 2-seeded Bracts strobilate, with only 1 flower under each 50. Ecroiium. 5) 8 Floral leaves axillary or shortly spicate with 3-1 / ebracteate flowers under each . . { Bracts narrow or small. Capsule 4- seeded. Corolla large ; tube } in. long | Corolla slender ; tube } in. long [\ Sect. iii. fruit. two oblong tube). Anther-cells 2, 1 much above the other (see 58. Picliptera) Anthers 1-celled Solute. — Placente rising «elastically in fruit, Hypoestece, ” Piacente not rising elastically in ‘Lhe flower appearing as though enclosed between opposite bracts (sometimes connate into a Sect. iv. separating from the capsule-valves at the base, and throwing out the seeds. Capsule ovoid, flattened ; | faces with firm raised margins. ; Spikes strobilate with 1 flower under each broad bract. { Corolla-lips not longer than tube. (Only differs from Justicia sect. Betonica, or Adhutoda, by the Pp | elastically rising placente . f Corolla-lips much longer than tube. (Only differs from \ Anisotes by the elastically rising placentz) Spikelets with 1 perfect flower enclosed by 2 upposite bracts. (Ouly differs from Peristrophe by the elasti- Of doubtful position . . . . cally rising placente) . . 58 . 59. MEGALOCHLAMYS. 52. GRAPTOPHYLLUM. 56. - O7. * . SCHAUERIA. , PERISTROPHE, . HyPporstEs Runa. MaAcroRUNGIA. DIcLipTERA. Hiernia, 6 : XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). [A fromendoneta. a 1. AFROMENDONCIA, Gilg ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii, 111. Calyx cupular, minute, obsoletely and unequally 5-lobed. Corolla- — ‘tube somewhat broadening upwards; limb distinctly bilabiate, with 5 spreading rounded lobes, or the upper two shorter, broader and reflexed. ‘Stamens 4, didynamous, included, or the longer slightly exserted ; anthers glabrous, subcordate at the base, apex more or less apiculate, cells slightly diverging below, dorsally affixed. Disc annular or eushion- like, fleshy, often half as long as the ovary. Ovary sessile, composed of two united carpels, 1-celled, 2-ovuled ; ovules ascending from the ibase but affixed by the ventral suture nearly to the apex of the cell. Fruit drupaceous. Immature capsule oblong or roundish-oblong.—Tall woody climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite and decussate. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Bracteoles 2, petaloid or subfoliaceous, ovate or sometimes very broadly ovate.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv., 3B, 291. Ziraya, Pierre in Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, ii. 340, B41, | Bracteoles glabrous. } Bracteoles 4 lin. long . A, lindaviana. Bracteoles 7-8 lin. long . A. Horibunda. ) Bracteoles villous. Leaves ovate-oblong, not rugose . . . . . 38. A. gilgiana. Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, rugose . . . 4. A. phytocrenoides noe 1. A. lindaviana, (Gilg ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 112, ‘woody climber, “30 ft. high” (J/ann). Stems twining, glabrous of sometimes pilose at the nodes, slender when young, when old 3- in. diam., twisted, sulcate and slightly canescent. Leaves petiolate} elliptic or oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, slightly undulate, somewha coriaceous, glabrous, light reddish-purple beneath, 2}—44 in. long, 1-2in broad ; lateral nerves 3—4 pairs, anastomosing near the margin ; petiole 3-lin.long. Fascicles of flowers arising from axillary protuberances on the old leafless stems; pedicels slender, glabrous, 6—7 lin. long; teoles 2, ovate, acute, glabrous, enclosing the flower, 4 lin. long. Calyx very shortly cupulate; limb obsoletely crenulate. Corolla scarcely twice as long as the bracteoles ; tube short; lobes spreading, rounded, Stamens adnate to the upper part of the tube, the two longer slightly, exserted ; anthers cordate-oblong, shortly apiculate, somewhat unequal at the base. Style glabrous, slightly exserted, minutely bifurcated ¢¢ the apex.—Oliv. in Ic. Pl. t. 2426; Gilg in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch, xi. 351. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker, 965! Lower Guinea. (iaboon: Corisco Bay, Mann, 1849! Munda; Sibange Fatn, Soyaux, 156! | 2. A. floribunda, Burkill. Leaves cuneate-obovate, cuspidate, obtuse at the base, glabrous above, hairy on the nerves beneath ; laterg] nerves about 8 pairs; petioles short. Flowers 4—6, in short axilla racemes, 2-5 lin. long; pedicels 8-9 lin. long; bracteoles 2, elliptiy, acute glabrous, rather thick, nerved, about 6 lin. long. Calyx annular, | ‘ om Afromendoncia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). 7 1 lin. long; with 5 small teeth. Corolla purplish, nearly included within the bracteoles ; tube nearly straight; limb campanulate, with 5 nearly equal lobes, about 5 lin. long. Anthers oblong, 3 lin. long ; filaments glandular-pilose at the base. Style 5 lin. long, bifid at the apex. Drupe elliptic-oblong, about 10 lin. jlong—Liraya floribunda, Pierre in Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, ii. 340, 342. Lower Guinea. Gaboon: near Libreville, Jolly, 101. Only known from the original description, in which it is said to differ from Afromendoncia in having pendulous ovules, but the agreement is so close in other respects as to suggest that, as Lindau recognises (Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 304), it must be referred here. Mr. Clarke, who has seen a drawing of the plant, considers it very near tu A. lindaviana, Gilg. 3. A. gilgiana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 1. Stems climbing, +-angled, slender, villous-pubescent when young, afterwards glabrous. Leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate and apiculate, not rugose, 13-3 in. long, #-14 in. broad; lateral nerves 5-6 pairs, anastomosing near the margin, pilose beneath ; petioles 4-1} in. long, villous. Flowers in axillary fascicles of 2 to 4 on the young branches ; pedicels 6—9 lin. long, villous with fulvous hairs; bracteoles 2, broadly ovate, mucronulate, 5-6 lin. long, villous with fulvous hairs. Calyx very short, obscurely lobed. Corolla white; tube ? in. long, 1 lin. broad below, 3 lin. broad at apex; lobes rounded, somewhat spreading. Anthers 2 lin. long, acute, pilose at the base; filaments short. Style ? lin, long.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv., 3 B, 290, 291, tig. 115, D-M. { Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker, 439! between Barombi-ba-Mbu and Kake, Preuss, 439, 481! | Mile Land. British East Africa: Upper Ituri, West of Lake Albert, Stuhlmann. | A species with the facies of, and probably referable to, A. gilgiana has been collected in Uganda, Scott-#lliott, 7331! The specimens are unfortunately flowerless. | 4. A. phytocrenoides, Gilg ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 112. A. woody climber, “30 ft. high” (Mann). Stems twining, stout, sub- terete, pilose when young, afterwards nearly glabrous. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate or suborbicular, obtuse or shortly cuspidate, subcordate at the base, firm, rugose and glabrous above, stellate-pubescent and reticulated beneath, 34-64 in. long, 24-44 in. broad ; margin somewhat undulate and revolute; lateral nerves 5-7 pairs; petioles 1-1} in. long. Flowers in axillary fascicles of 2 to 6 on the young branches ; pedicels 4-6 lin. long, villous with long fulvous hairs. Bracteoles 2, ovate, acute or cuspidate, 3-1 in. long, villous with long fulvous hairs. Calyx cupulate, very short, obscurely crenulate. Corolla-tube slightly exceeding the bracteoles ; lobes roundish-oblong, somewhat spreading. Anthers linear-oblong, acute or apiculate, 3—4 lin. long, cordate-sagittate at/the base ; filaments short. Style slightly exserted, minutely bifurcate at the apex.—Oliv. in Ic. Pl. t. 2427. Thunbergia phytocrenoides, T. Anders. ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 113. Lower Guinea. (Gaboon: River Muni, Jann, 1839! 8 XCVIII, ACANTHACEA (BURKILL). 2, THUNBERGIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1072. Calyx with long teeth or truncate. Corolla conspicuous, white, or of various shades of yellow, blue, or purple; lobes 5, equal or nearly so, contorted. Stamens 4, enclosed in the tube of the corolla, on which near the base they are inserted. Pollen globose, smooth, reticulate or spiny. Disc fleshy, forming a ring round the ovary. Stigma 2-lipped or funnel-shaped, overtopping the anthers. Ovary with 2 collateral ovules in each cell. Capsule with a sterile beak above and a spherical fertile part below, loculicidal. Seeds ovoid or compressed dorsally, smooth or warted; hilum central; no retinacula.—Herbs or shrubs, erect or climbing, with flowers usually solitary, each protected by a pair of large bracteoles.—Meyenia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 78. Lindomelas, Rafin. F]. Tellur. iv. 67. A genus of about 75 species, chiefly African, extending into India, and by three species represented in Tropical Australia; in America as introduced plants. The genus readily falls into three sections, two of which are found in Tropical Africa. “Buri unpencra.—Stigma 2-lipped ; calyx tsually with long teeth Shrubs ; anthers without spur at the base (except in 9) but with a spiny crest on each lobe. Bracteoles covered with hairs. . . . . 1. T. rufescens. Bracteoles glabrous, or only sparingly hairy. Bracteoles leathery. Leaves large, ovate . . . . 2. T. vogeliana. Leaves small, cordate . . . . . 3. ZT. longisepata. Bracteoles membrancus. Calyx-teeth long. Young branches hairy. Leaves glabrous, except on the midrib . . 4 TT. malangana. Leaves scabrid beneath, and hairy along the veins . . . . . . . & TL. adenocalyx. Young branches glabrous. Peduncles less than 14 in. long. Leaves usually large; bractevles more than 1 in. long. : . . . . 6. TL. affinis. f Leaves small; bracteoles less than 1 in. long . . . . . . 7. T. erecta. Peduncles 14-24 in. long 8. 7. crispa. Calyx truncate . . . . . . . 9. T. hookeriana. Herbs, for the most part climbing; anthers usually spurred below and with long hairs. r t+Lobes of the stigma firm, the lower rounded (de!toid in 21 and not known in 11); corolla-tube usually widening to the throat. Leaves sessile. ~ Leaves twice as long as broad, or longer. Erect herbs ; peduncles much shorter than the leaves. Leaves upwards of 4 in, long, more or less hirsute. . - 10. ZT. annua. Leaves only 1 in. long, hispid . . - 11. Ti hispida. | Climber ; peduncles exceeding the leaves. 12. 7. paulitschkeava. Leaves with their breadth more than half their length. ; Thunbergia.} XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). Leaves less than 1 in, Jong; corolla-tube 6-7 lin. long. Anthers acute, glabrous Anthers obtuse, fringed with hairs Leaves 2 in. long ; corolla-tube 1 in. long Leaves stalked. leaves Flowers 2-3 together between 2 large sessile Flowers solitary. . Bracteoles not keeled Bracteoles keeled. Petiole din. long. . . . Petiole 1 in. or more long, often winged. Bracteoles pubescent. Bracteoles 14 in. long ; lobes of stigma nearly 3 lin. broad . Bracteoles 8-12 lin. long Bracteoles nearly 14 in. long; stigma 1-14 Jin. broad lobes of Bracteoles hispid, with tawny hairs, ttLobes of the stigma firm, the lower de corolla widenin Leaves sessile 10-12 lin. long. Leaves stalked. Tube of corolla 4-7 in. long. Anther-lobes rounded below Anther-lobes acute below . Tube of corolla not more than 14 in. loug. g but little upwards. itoid; “tube of the Leaves acute (in 27 sometimes rounded, mucro- nate). Leaves toothed along the margin . . Leaves with one tooth at the base . . . Leaves obtuse. Leaves broadly ovate; flowers on long peduncles Leaves narrowly elliptical ; flowers on rather short peduncles tttLobes of the stigma thin, equal or almost "s0, rounded above and with acute angles at the sides. Leaves usually hastate, nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube less than 1 in. long . Corolla-tube more than 1 in. long Leaves rounded or subcordate, below. Flowers on Flowers on very short peduncles . long peduncles . ttt+tLobes of the stigma thin, crumpled. Leaves dentate. . . Leaves palmatipartite H% Ey * Tuvnnerciorsis—Stigma funnel-shaped ; herbs, usually erect. Leaves stalked ; stem more or less hairy. Leaves more or less ovate. Leaves hastate. Peduncles attaining 43 in. in length Peduncles 1} in. long . Leaves cordate. calyx truncate ; Leaves glabrous or with sparsely scattered hairs. Bracteoles 3 in. long . . . Bracteoles nearly 1 in. long Leaves pilose on both surface:. » 13. . 14. - 15. 7. T. brewerioides. T. sericea. T. Fischeri. . 1, fasciculata. . T. huillensis. . T. hirsuta. . T. Gibsoni. 20. T. alata. 21. T. Erythree. . T. Gregori. . 7. Cyenium. . T. gigantea. . T. querkeana. . T. hamata. . 7. kirkiana. . T. subalata. . LT. Hanningtonii. . TL. cynanchifolia. . LT. armipotens. . T. fragrans. . T. sessilis. T. chrysops. geraniifolia. Mechowii. stuhlmanniana. cordata. togoensis. 10 XCVIII, ACANTHACE® (BURKILL). One anther-lobe of the ventral stamens alone spurred. Bracteoles very acute . Bracteoles obtuse or subacute Each anther lobe spurred. Petioles upwards of 2 in. long Petioles less than 1 in. long . Leaves narrowly lanceolate . . Leaves sessile ; stem usually glabrous. Leaves hastate. - . : : . . . Leaves ovate, obovate, or more or less lanceolate. Leaves covered with a thick felt of white hairs Leaves hairy on both surfaces, obovate to linear- lanceolate . . . : Leaves hairy below, narrowly lanceolate . . Leaves glabrous or rarely with few hairs on the margin, more or less cordate at the base. Leaves 4 in. long . . . . . . 49. T. lancifolia, Leaves 2} in. long or less. Leaves oblong. Bracts scabrid . . . . . . 50. T. hyalina, Bracts hirsute . . . . \ . A. T. cerinthoides. Leaves lanceolate . . . . . 52. T. gentianoides. Leaves linear. Leaves 14-3 in. long. . . . . . 53. 7. stellarioides. Leaves 9 in. long . . . . . . . 54, T. longifolia. 1. T. rufescens, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 96. A shrubabout 20 ft. high; the young branches clad with rust-coloured hairs. Leaves elliptic, abruptly prolonged into an acumination above, entire, when young with scattered rust-brown hairs, 6 in. long, 24 in. wide ; petioles 1 in. long, more or less clad with rust-brown hairs. Flowers on peduncles of 1} in. in length ; bracteoles rather firm, elliptic, rounded above, covered densely with short rust-brown hair outside, nearly glabrous within. Calyx-teeth short. Corolla-tube 2 in. long, not, as in its allies, strongly constricted towards the base, where outside is a belt of stiff hairs ; lobes ? in. long. Anthers acute above, with a crest of bristly hairs below and a few scattered hairs above. Stigma with 2 nearly equal lips. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: primitive forest between Barombi-ba-Mbu and Kake, Preuss, 432! 2. T. vogeliana, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 476. Shrub 8-15 ft. high. Stems woody,.when young quadrangular and with a few hairs at the nodes. Leaves ovate or lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base, up to 8 in. long, 2-3} in. broad, glabrous ; petioles about } in. long. Flowers 3 or 4 together on small-leaved axillary branches, or solitary ; peduncles glabrous, }-} in long; bracteoles broadly ovate, thick, rust-coloured, 7-10 lin. long and 5-8 broad, obtuse or mucronate, glabrous. Calyx-teeth many, jong. Corolla-tube straight, white, 11-1} in. long, clad with very small hairs ; lobes } in. long, violet, Anthers mucronate above, rounded and very unequal below, with bristly hairs at the base and softer ones above. Stigma with two lips, nearly equal in length, the uppermost inrolled, Capsule glabrous, 1} in. long, the fertile part not abruptly narrowed into the acute beak.—7. kame- Thunbergia. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). 11 runensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 97. Meyenia vogeliana, Benth. in Bot. Mag. t. 5389. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Victoria, Aalbreyer, 15! by the Elephant Lake near Barombi, Preuss, 387! Fernando Po, in open spaces, Mann, 557! 558! Vogel, 147! Rotchen, 147! 3. T. longisepala, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 129. Stem woody. Leaves small, cordate, 14 in. long and broad, sometimes apiculate, glabrous ; petioles about 7 lin. long. Flowers on peduncles exceeding the leaves ; bracteoles firm, glabrous, ovate-oblong, 5-nerved, ? in. long, scarcely } in. broad. Calyx with a very short cup; segments 4 in. long, narrow, hispidulous, Corolla-tube narrow, 1} in. long and 1-2 lin. in diam. ; lobes only 4 lin. long. Anthers with a spinous crest at the base of each lobe prolonged upwards in a line of hairs. Stigma 2-lipped, the upper lip slightly the larger. Nile Land. British East Africa: Taita plains, Scott-Hiliot, 6166 ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! 4. T. malangana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 95. Shrub with the younger branches pubescent. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous except the midrib, entire or irregularly toothed, shortly acuminate above, obtuse below, reaching 5} in. in length and 2} in. broad; petioles stout. Flowers solitary on short peduncles; bracteoles nearly 1 in. long, thin, glabrous, rounded above. Calyx-teeth long, unequal, fringed with white hairs. Corolla-tube 2 in. long; lobes 1 in. long, lilac, Anthers mucronate above, rounded below and with a spiny crest prolonged upwards by a row of hairs, the anther-lobes very unequal. Stigma 2-lipped, the lower lip broad ; style hairy above. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, in shady and damp valleys, Buchner ! 5. T. adenocalyx, Radlkf. in Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, viii. 431. Shrub with erect hirsute branches. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, or the lower more or less rhomboidal, 34-4? in. long, 14-2 in. wide, acuminate, acute below, undulate, with hairs along the veins on both sides and also scabrid with white scales below ; petiole 24 in. long with a stipule-like gland on each sideat the base. Flowers on peduncles } in. long; bracteoles ovate, 1 in. long, thin, glabrous. Calyx deeply divided into linear subulate scaly lobes. Corolla-tube 1}~2 in. long, glandular; lobes blue. Anthers apiculate, with a spiny crest below and hairs along the margin. Stigma 2-lipped. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow. Perhaps only a variety of 7’. affinis. No specimen seen. 6. T. affinis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 5, Stem woody, 6-7 ft. high, quadrangular when young, glabrous; axillary buds covered with rust-brown hairs. Leaves ovate, acuminate, acute below, 4} in. long and 1} in. broad, slightly crisped at the margin, glabrous on short peti- oles of } in. in length, short stipule-like thorns being present at the base. Flowers solitary on short glabrous peduncles ; bracteoles ovate, mem- branous, acute, 1} in. long and 7 lin. broad, glabrous. Calyx-lobes long, narrow, dotted over with small white scales. Corolla-tube yellow, 1} in. 12 XCVIII, ACANTHACEH (BURKILL). [ long, nearly straight, sparingly hairy outside ; lobes violet, 8 lit Anthers 2} lin. long, very unequal belowand with a bristly crest pi upwards in a row of soft hairs, acute above. Stigma 2-lipped, lip 1} lin. long, the upper 2 lin. long and inrolled. Capsule 1 —S. Moore, Journ. Bot. 1880, 194; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. ¢ Nile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 20048! Nia Naporruporru, near Aboo Sammat’s Seriba, Schweinfurth, 3233 ! ef Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; near Calolo and Capopa, We 5181! Casabella, Welwitsch, 5154! Lombe, in primitive forest, Welwitsch, 5109 without precise locality, Welwitsch, 5113! one hundred miles from Ambriz, Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Kirk! German East Africa, Kirk ! Var. pulvinata, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 6. Leaves firmer, and | smaller and mucronate; nerves more prominent. Bracteoles usually shorter, often hairy on the margin, and beset with small white scales. As the stem becomes woody very hairy and large buds develop in the axils of the leaves. Fruit glabrous, 1 in. — long. Seeds very slightly reticulated.—Bot. Mag. t. 6975 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, 11.345. JZ. Holstii, Lindau in Engl, Jahrb. xvii. 95. Wile Land. Somaliland: Adda Galla, James d& Thrupp! Golis Range, at Darra Surry, Miss Cole! Mrs. Lort-Phillips! British East Africa: Mbuyuni, Scott-Elliot, 6182! Ukamba; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2749! Mount Maungu, 2000 ft., Johnston? Ribe to Galla country, Wakefield! Kinani, Gregory ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Umba Valley, Smith / Duga, in scrub, Holst, 3203 | Kumusha Valley, Holst, 543 (ex Lindau). Vi 7. T. erecta, 7’. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii.18. Shrub 6-8 ft. high ; stems quadrangular when young, glabrous except at the nodes. Leaves ovate, on short petioles, acute at the base, acuminate above, with usually a blunt tooth (rarely 2) on each margin towards the upper part, glabrous on both surfaces, 14-24 in. long, #-1 in. broad ; occasionally | short stipule-like thorns at the base of the petiole. Flowers on peduncles 3_1} in. long; bracteoles very thin, white, obtuse above, } in. long. Calyx-teeth 5-9, linear. Corolla-tube 1} in. long; lobes $ in. long, purple. Anthers with a spiny crest below and above it a row of soft hairs, their bases very unequal. Stigma with the lower lip rather broad. —T. Anders. in Journ, Agri-Hort. Soc. India, N.S. i. 266; Meyenia erecta, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 476; Bot. Mag. t. 5013. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Sherboro Island, Scott-Elliot, 5856! Gold Coast : Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 141! 83! Lagos, Millen, 190! Schweinfurth’s 3545, from Monbutty, may be this species. The figure cited above is not quite accurate as regards the stamen. 8. T. crispa, Burkill. Shrub with glabrous branches, but the axillary buds covered with red hairs. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute below, shortly acuminate above, with the margins crisped, glabrous on both surfaces, the veins closely reticulated, 4 in. long and 14 in. wide; petioles } in. long. Flowers on long peduncles, 2} in. long, glabrous ; bracteoles thin, blunt, 7-8 lin. long. Calyx segments narrow. Corolla- tube 1} in. long ; lobes } in. long, purple. Anthers with crests bearin rather weak bristles at the base, the base very unequal. Stigma #ith the lower lip rather broad. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Zambesiland, Kirk! Nyasaand ; Manganja Hills, Waller / Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 27! and without precise locality, Buchanan , 866 ! 1156! 1173! Thunbergia. | XCVII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). 13 9, T. hookeriana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 38. A shrub of 2-3 ft., with slender quadrangular branches, glabrous. Leaves on very short petioles, lanceolate or trapezoid-lanceolate, somewhat acute, entire or with a large tooth on each margin, 3-nerved, 13-3 in. long, $—3 in. broad, glabrous on both surfaces, darker above. Flowers two together from the axil of a leaf, on short peduncles; bracteoles $ in. long, oblong, somewhat acute, green. Calyx-teeth short, obtuse. Corolla-tube 1} in. long; lobes violet-blue, retuse. Stamens hairy at their insertion; anthers with a very short spur at the base of each lobe, glabrous. Stigma with 2 short lips—7Z. Kirkii, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6677, not 7’. kirkiana, T. Anders. Nile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Wakefield! Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, cultivated specimen, Airk / 10. 'T. annua, /ochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 55. A weak herb, branching from the root. Stems with long white hairs when young. Leaves sessile, narrow, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to an acute base, obtuse or rounded above, with scattered hairs along the veins of the lower surface, 4 in, long and ? in. broad. Flowers on short peduncles ; bracteoles ovate, strongly keeled and pilose along the keel, 5—7-nerved. Calyx-teeth rather short. Corolla-tube scarcely longer than the bracteoles, 8 lin. long, rather narrow; lobes 14 lin. long. Anthers with 2 fine spurs, one at the base of each lobe, and hairy at the base ; lobes nearly equal. Stigma with two broad lips, the upper slightly the longer. Capsule thin-walled, pubescent; the fertile part orbicular ; the beak arising from it very abruptly. Seeds smooth.—Hochst. in Flora 1841, Intell. bl. 48 (name only); Solms in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 2 118. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Goelleb, on the River Tacazze, in damp fields at 4000 ft., Schimper, 2152! Cordofan: Mount Arasch-Cool, on the margins of stagnant pools, Kotschy, 109! Abu-Gerad, Cienkowsky (ex Solms); and withont precise locality, Kotschy, 97} Var. Ruspolii, Burkill. More hairy, than the type. Leaves subtruncate at the base, hirsute. Bracteoles hirsute.—Z', Ruspolii, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 67. Nile Land. Somaliland: between Oi and Jaribule, Riva, 108. 11. T. hispida, Solms in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 113 (not of Lindau), Stem erect, hispid, quadrangular. Leaves oblong-elliptic, sessile, hispid with white hairs, about 1 in. long, scarcely } in. wide ; nerves prominent below. Flowers on peduncles 2-3 lin. long ; bracteoles ovate, acuminate. Calyx-teeth many, becoming woody at the maturity of the fruit. Flower unknown. Capsule nearly 1 in. long, glandular. Seeds nearly round, ribbed. Nile Land. Sennar: near Roseres, Cienkowsky. F Owing to the want of flowers the exact position of this species must remain onbtful. 12. T. paulitschkeana, G. v. Beck in Paulitschke, Harar,459, t. 12. A climber; stem rather thin, hispid. Leaves sessile, oblong-rhomboid, / lt XCVIUL. ACANTHACE® (BURKILL). [ Thunbergia. 4 rounded or acute above, with a conspicuous tooth on each margin, and also sinuate, hispid on both surfaces, 1-1} in. long, } in. broad. Flowers on peduncles | -2 in. long; bracteoles broad, cordate, acute, hispid. Calyx tubular, with 11-12 small teeth. Capsule as that of 7. annua. Seeds rugose.— Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 67. Wile Land. Somaliland: Harar, Hobecchi, 12. A species closely allied to T. annua, differing in its climbing habit, longer peduncles and rugose seeds. 13. T. brewerioides, Schiveinf. in Mihnel, zum Rudolph-See u. Stefanie-See, Sonderabdr. 6, d ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 41. A low-lying plant with rather sericeous branches. Leaves sessile, elliptic, imbricate, hairy, 7 lin. long, 4 lin. broad. Flowers solitary towards the apex of the stem. Calyx 12-toothed. Corolla-tube 7 lin. long; opencorolla 4 lin. indiam. Anthers acute above, glabrous ; lobes spurred below. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule tomentose with rufous hairs, 7 lin. long.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 387 (name only). Mile Land. British East Africa: Ndoro, at the foot of Mount Kenia, 6350 ft., Hoéhnel, 89. An insufficiently known species, said to be allied to 7. Fischeri. 14. T. sericea, Burkill, Stems short, sericeous, more or less hidder. by the leaves, which are slightly longer than the internodes. Leaves ovate or elliptic, sessile, acute above, subcordate or more or less rounded below, clothed with silky hairs on both surfaces, 9 lin. long, 4—5 lin. wide. Flowers on short peduncles, which are 2-3 lin. long: bracteoles closely resembling the leaves, more hairy outside, finely hairy within. Calyx-teeth rather long. Corolla-tube }$ in. long, rather narrow; lobes 4 lin. long, apparently white. Anthers obtuse above, the posterior pair with one spur below, the anterior with two slender spurs one on each lobe ; the margins fringed with hairs. Stigma 2-lipped, the upper only slightly exceeding the lower, inrolled. Wile Land. British East Africa: Nandi, in dry places, Scott-Elliot, 6903! Lykipia, Gregory, 78! Ukamba; Machakos, Svott- Elliot, 6696 ! This species and the preceding may possibly prove to be the same: but the anthers of 7. brewerioides are described as acute above and glabrous, while those of T. sericea are obtuse and fringed with hairs, 7. atriplicifolia, Drege, closely resembles it in some of its forms. 15. T. Pischeri, Engl. Hochgehirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 387. Stem erect, densely woolly. Leaves sessile, oblong, somewhat acute, densely woolly, firm, 2 in. long, } in. broad. Flowers presumably stalked ; bracteoles lanceolate, 7—8 lin. long, 5 lin. broad. Calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, somewhat glandular-pilose. Corolla-tube 1 in, long. Anthers with a spur on each lobe and long hairs on the margins. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule } in. long, densely pilose. Mozamb. Dist. German Fast Africa: on the east shore of the Victoria Nyanza, near Igitschu-Kamiana, Fischer, 492. Described as closely resembling 7. angolensis, but of the section Euthunbergia. The description is not sufficient to enable its exact position in the genus to be fixed with certainty. Thunbergia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (BURKILL). 15: 16. T. fasciculata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 97. Stem climbing, sparingly pilose. Leaves cordate acuminate, sinuate-dentate on the margin with scattered short hairs above and on the veins below, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad, those on the main axis on petioles 2-2} in. long. Flowers two or three together on lateral axes, and more or less enveloped in two sessile cordate leaves ; peduncles }-} in. long; bracteoles ovate, rounded above and mucronate, at flowering 10 lin. long, sparingly hairy outside. Calyx-teeth triangular, pubescent. Corolla-tube 1} in. long;. lobes 1 in. long. Anthers spurred above, each with two spurs at the base, and fringed with moniliform hairs. Stigma with two broad unequal lips. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Buea, Preuss, 987 ! Specimens of this have been distributed under a different MS. name. 17. T. huillensis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 194. Stem slender, strigose. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, rounded and mucronate or obtuse above, truncate or hastate below, strigose on. both surfaces, 1-2 in. long, ? in. broad; petioles } in. long. Flowers on peduncles 2 in. long; bracteoles lanceolate-ovate, acute above,. Strigose outside, 3 in. long. Calyx-teeth long, strigose. Corolla-tube nearly 1 in. long; lobes short, pale blue. Anthers obtuse above, slightly hairy below, each lobe with a spur at the base. Stigma 2-lipped, the lower rounded.—Eng]. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 387. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Morro de Monino, in grass, Welwitsch,. 5025 |! 18. T. hirsuta, 7’. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 20. Stem moderately stout, pilose. Leaves broadly ovate, rounded below, obtuse above, covered with stiff hairs on both sides, with one or two teeth on each margin, 14 in. long, 1 in. broad; petioles 2-3 lin. long. Flowers on pilose peduncles, which attain 3 in. in length; bracteoles cordate, obtuse above, hairy outside like the leaves, glabrous within. Calyx- teeth fairly long, pilose. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes 8 lin. long. Anthers obtuse above, rather sparingly hairy below and with a spur to each lobe. Stigma with the lower lip shorter than the upper and nearly orbicular.—Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 67. Nile Land. Abyssinia, Plowden! Somaliland: between Jaribule and Her, 6800 ft., Riva, 71 (ex Lindau). 19. T. Gibsoni, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 131. Stem and leaves unknown, the latter said to be ovate. Flowers on pubescent peduncles 3 in. long; bracteoles large, ovate, very shortly acuminate, covered outside with short, rather stiff hairs, puberulous within, at flowering 1} in. long, 10 lin. broad. Calyx-teeth fairly long. Corolla- tube 1} in. long; lobes 3 in. long, retuse, orange-yellow with a waxy bloom. Anthers obtuse at the apex, with a curved spur at the base of each lobe, pubescent. Stigma with two broad obovate lips. Wile Land. British East Africa: Man, in a damp spot at 8200 ft., Gibson! It is probably safe to place this species very near to 7. alata and T. Erythree. All that was collected consists of two flowers with their peduncles, which are presery ed in the British Museum. i 16 XCVIII, ACANTHACE® (BURKILL). | Thunbergia. 20, T. alata, Boj. ex Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2591. Stem moderately thin, climbing, pilose. Leaves ovate, sagittate or hastate, shortly acuminate, pubescent below, and to a less extent above, 24 in. long, — 1-1] in. broad, entire or with a few small teeth on the margin; pet ni in. long, winged in the type. Flowers on peduncles 2 in. lon bracteoles ovate, subcordate below, obtuse, sometimes apiculate, pul cent on both sides, keeled, at flowering 8-12 lin. long. Calyx-tee narrow, hairy. Corolla-tube }-1} lin. long, with scattered white hai in the deep claret-coloured throat; lobes 6-8 lin. long, usually more rarely orange, buff or white; occasionally the throat is of the same colour as the lobes of the corolla. Anthers obtuse above, those of the upper pair each with one spur at the base; those of the lower with two spurs; lobes fringed with moniliform hairs. Stigma 2-lipped, the upper lip narrower and exceeding the lower. Capsule } in. long, pubes- cent.— Hook. Fl. Exot. 177; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 58; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1045; Klotzsch in Peters’ Reise Mossamb. 196; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 124; Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 366; Héhnel, zum Rudolf-See u. Stefanie-See, Sonderabdr. 6; Engl. in Gétzen, Durch Afrikas, Sep.-abdr. 4; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 145; Dewevre in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 104; 7. aurantiaca, Paxt. Mag. Bot. vi. 269; 7. albiflora, Gord. in Gard. Chron. 1845, 169; Bot. Mag. t. 5512; Paxt. Mag. Bot. iii. 23; 7. Doddsii, Hort. ex Paxt. Mag. Bot. xv. 221; Fl. Serres, iv. 415; 7. Fryeri, Hort. ex Vilmorin, Fl. Pl. Terre, ed. 1, 876; 7. Backerii, Hort. ex Vilmorin, F1. Pl. Terre, ed. 2, 919: 7. reticulata, A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss. ii. 139 (partly); T. manganjensis, T. Anders. ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 92; Endo- melas alata, Rafin. Fl. Tellur. iv. 67. Upper Guinea, Sierra Leone: Regent, Scott-Elliot, 41414! near Freetown, Welwitsch, 5207! Johnston, 59! Wile Gand. Abdyssinia: Shire District, Quartin-Dillon d- Petit, 176! British East Africa : Niamniam : at Nabambisso River, Schweinfurth, 2985! Unyoro, Speke & Grant, 5341 Ukamba; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2734! Taveta, 2500 ft., Héhnel. Lower Guinea, [sland of St. Thomas: Rio da Ouro Roca, 800 ft., Moller (ex Henriques). German South-west Africa: Damaraland (ex Lindau). Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Bojer! Kavala Island in Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 31! German East Africa: Kirunga, 6500 ft., Gotzen, 53, 61 (ex Engler). Portnguese Fast Africa: Mozambique, Air’ Quilimane, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasa. land ; Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft, Whyte, 123! Masuka Platean, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte! Nyika mountains, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! Fort Hill, Whyte! Zomba, Whyte! Manganja Hills, 3000 ft., Airk? between Shibisa (Chikwawa) and Tshinmuze, 2000- 4000 ft., Airk! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 1093! Ngamiland; Kwebe. Lugard, V4! Var. riralate, Barkill, Leaves, stems and bracteoles softly pubescent. Petioles not or scarcely winged.— J. fuseata, T. Anders, ex Lindau in Engl Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 40: Oliv in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, ii. 345; Engl. Hochgebirgsf. Trop. Afr. 386. T. anquiate, R. Br. (not of Hilsenb. & Boj.) in Salt, Abyss. App. 65 (name only); 7. soltiana, Stend. Nom, ed. 2, ii. 683 (name only); T. alata, S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. 2, iv. 30, Wile Band. Abyssinia, So/t! British East Africa: Ruwenzori, Scott-Elliot, 7795! Kikuyu: Kapte Plateau, 5000-6000 ft.. Thomson ! Moxzamb. Dist. (German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; Marangu, 3300-8000 (?) ft., Meyer, 52, 103° ex Engler), Volkens, 436! Kilema, 3800-4200 ft., Kersten (ex Thunbergia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). 17 Engler) ; without special locality, Smith! and at 6000 ft., Johnston, 185! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Manganja Hills, Meller! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 150! Mount Mlanje, Whyte. Var. reticulata, Burkill. Leaves not softly pubescent, but with scattered hairs ;. petiole not winged. Bracteoles becoming quite glabrous during the ripening of the fruit.— 7". reticulata, Hochst. in pl. Schimp. Abyss. sect. ii. 758 ; Nees in DC. Prod.. xi. 58; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 189 (in part) ; Martelli, Fl. Bogos. 64. Nile Land. Eritrea: Keren, Beccari, 225 (ex Martelli); Damas Valley,. 1700 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 640! Abyssinia: Samen ; Gapdia, in grassy places among shrubs, Schimper, 758! Tigre ; Shahagenni, 5000 {t., Schimper, 228 ! Var. retinervia, Burkill. Leaves with the veins on the lower face very prominent and scabrid ; bracteoles apiculate. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte! hetween Mpata and the commencement of the Tanganyika Plateau,. Whyte ! Zambesi Land, Kirk / The type is widely introduce into all the warmer parts of the world; native in Tropical Africa and Natal. Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pdanzenfam. iv. 38. 292, figures a very different plant as 7. reticulata. 21. T. Erythrzez, Schweinf. ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 40, and xx. 3. Stem thin, climbing, hirsute, with rough hairs. Leaves, as in 7’. alata, ovate-hastate, acuminate, hispidulous, with a few teeth on the margin, 1? in. long, 1} in. broad; petiole narrowly winged, hairy. Flowers on long hairy peduncles about 24 in. long; bracteoles ovate, nearly 14 in. long, keeled. Calyx irregularly toothed, finely hairy. Corolla-tube 1} in. long; lobes ? in. Jong and broad. Anthers acute above, spurred and hairy as in 7’. alata, the upper with one spur, the lower with two. Stigma 2-lipped, the lower lip twice as broad as the upper, deltoid.— Lindau in Ann. Istit. bot. Roma, vi. 67, Wile Land. Eritrea: Mount Kube, 6000 fi., Schweinfurth d& Riva! Damas. Valley, 2000-3000 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva! Ginda, 3000 ft., Schweinfurth, 201. Somaliland: Jaribule, in shade, 6800 ft., Riva, 89. It is closely allied to 7. alata, and in its larger flower resembles T. Gibsoni. 22. 'T. Gregorii, S. Moore in Journ, Bot. 1894, 130. Stem mode- rately slender, climbing, covered with tawny, bristly hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate and 5-7-lobed, or hastate, pilose on both surfaces,. 13-1} in. long and 1-1} broad; petiole ? in. long, winged. Flowers on long peduncles, which are pilose like the stem and may be 5 in. long; bracteoles broadly ovate, cordate at the base, covered with stiff, tawny hairs outside, glabrous within. Calyx-teeth acute, pubescent. Corolla-tube 2 in. long; lobes truncate. Anthers obtuse above, with. a spur at the base of each lobe, pubescent. Stigma with two broad lips. Ovary 1 in. long, pubescent. Wile Land. British East Africa: Ukam)a; Kilungu, Gregory! and without special locality, at 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6413. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Ubena Downs, in grass pasture~,, Johnson ! 23. T. Cyenium, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 194. An erect: plant, the stem sprinkled with weak hairs. Leaves sessile, ovate,: rounded below, rather obtuse above, 5-7-nerved, irregularly crenate, c VOL, V. 18 XCVIU, ACANTHACE® (BURKILL). [ Thunbergia. clad with weak hairs on both surfaces, 2 in. long, 1 in. broad. Flowers on very short pubescent peduncles; bracteoles lanceolate, acute, covered with white hairs, at flowering nearly 1} in. long. Calyx-teeth many, long, narrow, united into a very short tube at the base. Corolla-tube very narrow, 24-3 in. long, widening very slightly upwards to the throat, where it is less than } in. in diameter; lobes white, } in. long. Anthers mucronate above, long and narrow, muticous below, not hairy. Stigma with two nearly equal lips, the lower indistinctly deltoid. Capsule about 1 in. long, glabrous. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla ; Lopollo, in stony thickets, Welwitsch, 5009 ! This species and the 5 following form a small group in which the corolla-tube widens but little npwards. In its hower JT. Cycnium for this reason resembles rather that of some species of Jpomaa. 24. 'T. gigantea, Lindau in Ann. I[stit. bot. Roma, vi. 68. Stem glabrous. Leaves ovate-cuneate, somewhat hastate at the base, cus- pidate above, entire or irregularly toothed along the margins, glabrous, 14-2} in. long, 14-2} in. broad, 5-nerved at the base; petiole }-1} in. long. Flowers on peduncles 2} in. long; bracteoles ovate, rather acute, 1}-1} in. long, glabrous, deciduous. Calyx irregularly toothed, glan- dular-pilose. Corolla puberulous on both surfaces; tube 7 in. long, narrow ; lobes 1 in. long, white, obtuse. Anthers acute above, rounded below, pubescent on the margins toward the base. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule 2 in. long. Wile Zand. Somaliland: Jabijo, by the River Daua, in grass and under trees Riva, 428, 1498. If this species and the following are misplaced here, their affinity may perhaps be with T. alata. It is probable that 7, gigantea will prove to be a form of 7. guerkeana. 25. T. guerkeana, Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 366. Stem climbing, glabrous. Leaves cordate-ovate with a tooth on either margin towards the base, 1}-4 in. long, 14-3 in. broad; petiole ?- 14 in. long. Flowers on peduncles 13-3 in. long; bracteoles ovate, rather acute, reflexed. Calyx-teeth many, irregular, glandular. Corolla- tube narrow, upwards of 5 in. long, puberulous at first, later gla- brous; lobes 7-1 in. long, white. Anthers acute above and below, puberulous on the margins. Stigma 2-lipped, exserted, the lips unequal, Mile Land. British East Africa: Nyika country, Holst, 2410; Ukamba; Ula District, Fischer, 465. 26. T. hamata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 2. Stem climbing, roagh with stiff hairs. Leaves ovate-hastate or cordate, somewhat acuminate above, with teeth along the margin, scabrid on both surfaces, 31 in. long, 2 in. broad; petioles 1-1} in. long, scabrid. Flowers on scabrid peduncles 1-1} in. long; bracteoles lanceolate, long-acuminate, fused for nearly their whole length along their dorsal margins, pilose, at flowering 1 in. long. Calyx pilose below; teeth linear. Corolla- tube 1} in. long, scarcely widening upwards; lobes 3 in. long, retuse. Thunbergia. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). 19 Anthers obtuse above, pubescent, each lobe with a spur below. Stigma with 2 very unequal lips, the upper slightly 3-lobed, larger, with acute lateral angles; the lower trifid. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Kwa Mshuza, in bush, 5000 ft., Holst, 9092 ! 27. 'T’. kirkiana, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 19. (Not T. Kirkii, Hook. f.) Stem erect, 1-14 ft. high, pilose. Leaves ovate, hastate, 5-7-nerved, pilose, rounded and mucronate at the apex, 3 in. long, 14 in. broad; petiole about 1 in. long. Flowers on peduncles 2-24 in. long; bracteoles narrow, lanceolate, very acute, pilose outside. Calyx-teeth narrow, slightly pilose. Corolla-tube rather narrow, 1 in. long, white; lobes 4 in. long, white. Anthers obtuse at the apex, each with two spurs below, pubescent. Stigma 2-lipped; the upper lip truncate above with rounded angles; the lower triangular, acute, Capsule ? in. long, pubescent.—S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 29; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 366. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : between Unango and Mtonia, Johnson / British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, Carson, 61! 108! Nyasaland; near Mount Sochi, 3000 ft., Atrk! Blantyre, Buchanan, 83! Manganja Hills, Waller! Mount Mlanje, Whyte! Zomba, 2500-3500 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 495! 640! 28. T. subalata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 41, and xx. 3. Stem fairly thin, straggling, pilose. Leaves ovate or nearly round, subcordate below, rounded above, with a few hairs on the mid- rib only on each side, reaching 24 in. in length and 2} in breadth; petiole scarcely } in. long, pilose. Flowers on long pilose peduncles, which reach 4 in. in length; bracteoles ovate, obtuse above, cordate at the base, pilose outside, glabrous within. Calyx-teeth very acute, pubescent. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes 7 lin. long. Anthers pubes- cent, obtuse above; the lower pair with two spurs below, the upper with a spur to the lower lobe, the upper lobe being larger. Stigma, as in 7’. kirkiana, with the lower lip triangular, acute, the upper longer, truncate, and obtuse. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Zomba, 3000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 238 ! 29. T. Hanningtonii, Burkill. Stem slender, with scattered, adpressed hairs. Leaves narrowly elliptical, rounded at both ends, mucronate at the apex, scabrid on both surfaces, 3 in. long, 10 lin. wide, 5-nerved at the base; petioles short, strigose,} in. long. Flowers on peduncles 1} in. long; bracteoles lanceolate, 7 lin. long at flowering, with abundant short hairs outside, glabrous within. Calyx-teeth 5, narrow, strigose. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, not widening except near the base; lobes $ in. long. Anthers mucronate above, hairy, and with a spur to each lobe below. Stigma 2-lipped; the upper lip broad, rounded, with acute angles; the lower triangular, acute above. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Unyamwezi; Urambo, Hannington ! 20 XCVIIly ACANTHACEZ (BURKILL). [Thunbergia ‘ 30. T.. cynanchifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 475. Stem slender, climbing, pilose or glabrous. Leaves ovate, sagittate or cordate, and with two angles near the base on each side, entire, or almost so, mucronate at the apex, glabrous or sparingly hairy above, 7-nerved, reaching 3 in. in length and 1# broad; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers on short peduncles # in. long; bracteoles 5-6 lin. long, lanceolate, pilose, acuminate. Calyx short, with about 8 ovate, very hairy teeth. Corolla-tube 4 in. long; lobes } in. long, white. Anthers each with 2 spurs at the base, glabrous, mucronate above. Stigma 2-lipped; the lips nearly equal, folded downwards so that the upper envelopes the lower, broad and acutely angled, the upper slightly retuse and mucronate, and also barbellate on the back, the lower deeply bifid. Capsule 7 lin. long, pubescent ; seeds rugose. Upper Guinea. River Quorra (Niger), Vogel, 7! Niger Delta; Nun River, Vogel, 58! Cameroons: Rio del Rey, Johnston! Batanga, in bush, Bates, 126! 31. T. armipotens, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 195. Stem moderately thin, decumbent, pilose. Leaves rather firm, lanceolate, hastate or subcordate at the base, acute at the apex, 5-nerved, more or less scabrid, upwards of 2 in. long and 7 lin. broad; petioles } in. long. Flowers on pilose peduncles 14 in. long; bracteoles ovate, at flowering 8 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, scabrid-pilose outside. Calyx-lobes short, deltoid. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long; lobes 2-3 lin. long, blue. Authers mucronate above, with a spur to each lobe below and slightly hairy. Stigma with 2 equal lips, which are rounded above and acutely angled at the sides. Capsule ? in. long. Seeds papillose.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 387. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Empalanca, in bush, Welwitsch, 5026! Lopolla, Welwitsch, 5027 ! 32. T. fragrans, Roxb. Corom. Pl. i. 47, t. 67. Stem slender, climbing, sparingly hairy. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at the base, acute or acuminate above, hairy when young, 2-3 in. long, $-14 in. broad ; petiole 3-14 in. long. Flowers on peduncles 1-3 in. long; bracteoles falcate-oblong, somewhat acute, hairy. Calyx-teeth vather short, nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube 7-1} in. long; lobes white. Anthers acute above, sagittate but without spurs, glabrous. Stigma with two equal lips. Capsule puberulous (often glabrous in Indian specimens), #—-lin. long. Seedsrugose.—Bot. Mag. t. 1881; Neesin DC. Prod. xi. 57. 7. levis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii.77: Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 56. 7. fragrans var. levis, C. B. Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind, iv. 391, 7’. javanica, Geertn. f. Fruct, iii. t. 183; Nees in DC. Prod. xi.56. 7 scan- dens, Pers. Syn. ii. 179. 7Z'.volubilis, Pers. Syn. 11. 179 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 59. 7. angustifolia, Ham, ex Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 78; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 56. 7. Roxburghia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 78; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 58. 7’. subsagittata, Blanco, FI). Fil. 518. T. arnhemica, F. Muell. Frag. Phyt. Austr. ix. 73. Meyenia longiflora, Benth. ex Hohenack. in Flora, 1849, 558. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Regent, Scott-Elliot, 4141s. Thunbergia. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEX (BURKILL), This species most likely is an introduced plant in Africa. It is widely distributed in India, extending to Malaya, and introduced into Australia and Tropical America. The Sierra Leone plant is the variety levis, C. B. Clarke. 33. T. sessilis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 96. Stem erect, herbaceous, covered with rough hairs. Leaves sessile, ovate or broadly lanceolate, rounded or very shortly pointed above, rounded or rarely cordate below, covered on both sides with rough hairs, 13-2 in. long, 1-1} broad, entire or with few very small teeth on the margin. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together in the axil of a leaf, sessile; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, acute, rough-hairy, with 3 nerves, the middle one keeled. Calyx-teeth short, glabrous. Corolla-tube 7-9 lin, long; lobes 3-5 lin. long, white. Anthers acute above, shortly spurred at the base of each lobe. Stigma with two nearly equal lips. Capsule 8 lin. long, glabrous; seeds minutely papillose. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 367. Huilla; Humpata, Wel- witsch, 5044 ! Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Morambala Mountain, Scott! British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Buchanan, 745 ! The specimen collected by Welwitsch has broadly lanceolate leaves ; those of the others are ovate. 34, T. chrysops, Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 4119. Stems slender, climbing, herbaceous, slightly hairy. Leaves cordate or ovate-cordate, acute or slightly acuminate, 5-7-nerved, with teeth along the margin, 2 in. long, 14 broad; petiole not winged, nearly as long as the leaf- blade. Flowers on short peduncles; bracteoles ovate, fringed or more or less clad with hairs. Calyx truncate. Corolla-tube yellow, 1} in. long; lobes large, purple, retuse, } in. long. Anthers acute above, hairy below, and with a spur to each lobe. Stigma with two large yellow plaited lobes, not distinctly separated from one another.— Paxt. Mag. xi. 221; FI. d. Serres, i. t. 5; Hooker, Niger Flora, 475; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 55. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: from the interior, cultivated at Kew, Whitfield. No specimens have been preserved. The drawings from which the figure in the Botanical Magazine were taken, repre- sent the stigma as bilobed like that of 7. geraniifolia. This bilobing, not accurately reproduced in the Botanical Magazine, is still more inaccurately represented in the figure in the Flore des Serres, ‘This species and the following form a transition to the section Thunbergiopsis. 35. 'T. geraniifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 475. Stem slender, climbing, pilose. Leaves cordate, palmatifid or palmatipartite, with short, stiff hairs scattered on both surfaces, 1} in. long, 1} broad; lobes acute and dentate on the margins; petioles 14-1} in. long, pilose. Flowers on peduncles about 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate- lanceolate, 1 in. long, pilose outside, glabrous within. Calyx truncate. Corolla-tube 14 in. long, glabrous; lobes about } in. long, deep purple. Anthers spurred above, glabrous, each lobe with a spur at the base. Stigma 2-lipped; lips nearly equal, very delicate, undulate. Pollen spinulose.—T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. vii. 18. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Regent, Scott-Elliot, 40391 and without precise locality, Don! Wilford (ex Anderson). 22 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). [ Thunbergia. 36. T. Mechowii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 92. Stem thin, sparingly hairy, twining. Leaves hastate, truncate or rounded at the base, 2} in. long and 14 broad, mucronulate above, sparingly pilose, 7-nerved; petiole slightly winged. Flowers on peduncles of great length (up to 43 in.); bracteoles lanceolate, nearly 1 in. long, 5-nerved and reticulated, keeled on the back. Calyx toothed. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes 4 in. long, violet. Anthers with a spur above and spurs below. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 334. 37. T. stuhlmanniana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 91. Stem quadrangular, herbaceous, sparingly hairy. Leaves hastate, long and sharply pointed above and also in the auricles, thin, entire, both above and below with yellow hairs on the veins and margin, 2} in. long and 1} broad; petiole densely clad with yellow hairs above, 1 in. long. Flowers solitary on peduncles 1} in. long; bracteoles ? in. long, oblique, lanceolate, 4—5-nerved, reticulated, with hairs on the principal veins. Calyx very small, with 8-10 teeth. Corolla-tube 14 in. long, yellow ; lobes deep violet, 7 lin. long. Stamens with basal hyaline spurs. Ovary somewhat round ; stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. South Central. Congo Free State: Butumbi, south of Lake Albert Edward, 5700 ft., Stuhlmann, 2181, 38. T. cordata, Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 365. Stem herbaceous, minutely puberulous, Leaves ovate-cordate, glabrous or with solitary hairs towards the base, more than 3 in. long and half as wide, with five nerves at the base; petiole about lin. long. Flowers on peduncles equalling the petioles; bracteoles about 4 in. long, 3 lin. broad, ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, with glandular hairs, Calyx slightly lobed. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, with glandular hairs; lobes 4 in. long, bright blue. Anthers spurred above and below, sparsely hairy. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate.-—Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 310. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro: Useri, 6200 ft., Volkens, 1968. 39. T. togoensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii.112. Stem climbing, glabrous. Leaves large, cordate-ovate, acuminate, glabrous, 5-nerved, 6-7 in. long, 3-4 in. wide; petiole 14-3 in.long. Flowers on peduncles 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, nearly 1 in, long, almost glabrous. Calyx lobed. Corolla-tube 1} in. long; lobes 7 lin. long, blue. Anthers acute above, hairy, the lower with a spur to the base of its lower lobe only. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Upper Guinea. Togoland: Misahdhe, near Aundjowe-Avatime, 2000 ft., Baumann, 74! 40. T. mollis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 34, and xx. 2. Stem with a rusty pubescence or sometimes glabrous, suleate when dry. Leaves ovate, cordate or hastate, 2} in. long, 1} in. broad, frequently Thunbergia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). 23 with a few large teeth on the margin, more or less strigose on both surfaces; petiole pubescent with rust-brown hairs, about 1 in. long. Flowers on peduncles about as long as the petioles; bracteoles ovate, very acute, d-nerved, the. middle one forming a marked keel. Calyx short, with a sinuate margin. Corolla large, purple above; tube 14 in. long; lobes 4 in: long, truncated. Anthers mucronate, glabrous, those of the ventral pair of stamens each with a single hook. Stigma triangular, the lateral angles barbeilate, dorsal lobe rounded, anterior ‘side truncated with a small mucro. Capsule 1 in. long, velvety outside. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands, at Mudi, Scott-Elliot, 8563 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 263 ! 1092 ! 1339! 41. T. mellinocaulis, Burkill. Stem covered with yellowish hairs, becoming glabrous when old, sulcate when dry. Leaves ovate-subcordate, occasionally with one small tooth on the margin at each side near the base, acute or shortly acuminate, pubescent below with yellowish hairs, less so above, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad; petiole } in. long or less, densely pubescent. Flowers on slender, almost glabrous, peduncles, attaining 1} in. in length; bracteoles ovate, obtuse or subacute, somewhat pubes- cent. Calyx short with a sinuate margin, very slightly hairy. Corolla- tube 1} in. long, glandular outside; lobes rounded, paler in colour than those of 7’. mollis, Anthers mucronate, with a tutt of hairs at the base of each lobe, one anther lobe only of the lower pair spurred at the base. Stigma triangular, the lateral angle barbellate. Mozamb. Dist. British Centra Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Zomba, 4000- 6000 ft., Whyte! Closely allied to the preceding species. 42. T. petersiana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xvii. 89. Stem thin, with scattered hairs, climbing. Leaves on petioles upwards of 2 in. long, cordate or rarely subcordate, long acuminate, with a few large teeth on the margin, 3 in. long, 2} in. broad, pilose on both sides. Flowers on peduncles about 1 in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, hairy, 3-nerved and 3-keeled, reticulated. Calyx very short, truncate or slightly toothed. Corolla large; tube wide, 1 in. long; lips 5 lin. long, violet. Anthers spurred at the apex and also at the base of each lobe with long spurs, not bearded. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular parpellate—2. chrysops, Klotzsch (not ot Hook.) in Peters’ Mossamb. ( Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Boror, Peters. 43. T. usambarica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 89. Stem thin, almost glabrous, except at the nodes. Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate. entire or almost so, with scattered white hairs on both sides, 3 in. long, 2 broad; petiole up to 9 lin. in length. Flowers solitary on peduncles about 14 in. long; bracteoles broadly lanceolate, 7 lin. long, reticulated, with white glandular hairs. Calyx very small, irregularly toothed. Corolla-tube broad, nearly 1 in. long; lobes blue, small. 24 XCVIII. ACANTHACES (BURKILL). [Thunbergia. Stamens with a long mucro above and with short spurs to each lobe. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Unripe capsule with very short hairs and a long beak. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; upper part of Schi (Msbi?) Mountains, Holst, 2131 I have seen a leaf and a young froit with its bracteoles. ‘The rest of the description is quoted from Engler’s Jahrbiicber. 44, T. Schweinfurthii, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 6. An erect herb. Stem strigose, densely hairy at the nodes, striate when dry. Leaves on short petioles about 2 lin. long, the leaf-blade 3-nerved, narrowly lanceolate, 2} in. long, 7 lin. broad, shortly mucronate above, narrowed and hastate below, the upper surface strigose, the lower covered with a tawny pubescence. Flowers on peduncles about half as long as the leaves; bracteoles ovate, lanceolate, acute, 5-nerved, white with green reticulations, strigose on the back. Calyx cupular. Corolla 1} in. long; lobes about 2 lin. long. Stamens mucronate, slightly bearded below, one anther-lobe of the ventral pair with a hook at its base. Stigma triangular, the lateral angles barbellate, the ventral margin scarcely notched, the dorsal angle slightly hairy, its apex rounded. Wile Land. British East Africa: Jur; near the Seriba of Kurshook Ali, Schiceinfurth, 15101 This species is very closely allied to 7. mollis. 45, T. lathyroides, Burkill. Stem erect, glabrous, suleate when dry. Leaves sessile, hastate, entire, mucronate at the apex and also in the auricles, 2 in. long, } in. broad, glabrous, Flowers on glabrous peduncles about 14 in. long; bracteoles lanceolate, blunt, glabrous, 5-nerved. Calyx truncate. Corolla-tube nearly 1} in. long; lobes about 4 in. long. Anthers of the ventral pair of stamens with a short spur at the base of one lobe, all mucronate above and pilose below. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, at about 5250 ft. Carson, 4! Nutt! Scott-Elliot, 8269 ! , , ut 5250 ft, 46, T. angolensis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 195. Stem erect, covered with a thick felt of white hairs. Leaves obovate, sessile, entire 1} in. long, } in. broad, covered like the stem with white hairs on both surfaces. Flowers on peduncles about 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate obtuse, 1 in. long, felted outside, glabrous within. Calyx glabrous : teeth triangular. Corolla-tube 1} in. long; lobes } in. long, purple. Anthers with a long mucro above, rounded below, and the lower pair with a curved spur. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; between Mumpulla and Humpata. in thick Welocitsch, 5037! between Mumpulla and Nene, Welwitsch, 5038 ! pata in thickets 47. T. oblongifolia, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 125, t. 123. Stem erect, pilose or glabrescent on the internodes, sulcate when dry. Leaves sessile, obovate or somewhat spathulate, obtuse above, clad on Thunbergia. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). 25 both surfaces, or at least fringed on the margin, with soft hairs, about 14 lin. long, 4 lin. broad. Flowers on short peduncles; bracteoles lanceolate, rough with short brown hairs. Calyx irregularly toothed. Corolla orange-yellow; tube 1} in. long; lobes 4 in. long. Anthers with a mucro above, the lower pair with a spur on one lobe, pilose below. Stigma triangular, funnel-shaped, barbellate. Fruit 1 in. long. Mozamb. Dist. German Kast Africa: Usagara ; Robeho Mountains, 4700 ft., Speke & Grant! Lake Tanganyika, Cameron! Higher Plateau, North of Lake Nyasa, Thomson ! Var. glaberrima, Burkill. Glabrous in all its parts, leaves lanceolate or linear- lanceolate. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: between Lake Nyasa and Lake Tan- ganyika, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson! British Central Africa: Urungu ; Fwambo, Carson, 87 ! 48. T. parvifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 90. Stem herba- ceous, finely hairy. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, rounded above, up to 2} in. long and 2 lin. broad, entire, finely hairy below. Flowers on pedicels up to 10 lin. long; bracteoles lanceolate, acute, micro- Scopically hairy outside, 5-nerved, not reticulated, 14 in. long, } in. broad. Calyx very short, truncate, or toothed. Corolla-tube nearly 1} in. long; lobes } in. long, 3 in. wide, deep violet. Anther-lobes blunt, unequal, hairy below. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, bar- bellate.—Dewévre in Comptes-rendus Soe. bot. Belge, xxxiii. 104. Lower Guinea. Angola: River Quango, Pogge, 311, 312. South Central. Congo Free State: Upper Congo, Katanga, Cornet. 49. 'T. lancifolia, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 19. Stem erect, 2-3 ft. high (Bryce), sulcate when dry, glabrous, except at the nodes. Leaves varying from linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, narrow- ing to, or sometimes auriculate at, the base, sessile, acute or obtuse above, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, upwards of 4 in. long. Flowers on pubescent or glabrous peduncles about } in. long; bracts ovate, acute, glabrous or pubescent like the peduncle. Calyx-teeth short, irregular. Corolla-tube 1} in. long; lobes 9 lin. long, deep purple. Anthers with a spur above, hairy below; the ventral pair each with a usually straight spur below. Stigma funnel-shaped, tri- angular, barbellate or not. Capsule covered with a fine pubescence, 1} in. long.—S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 195. Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 8387; S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, iv. 30; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 366; Dewevre in Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Belg. xxxiii. 104. Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; Izanga, in thickets, Welwitsch, 5161! Pungo Andongo ; Sobati de Quilombo, on rather dry hillsides, Welwitsch, 5110! Malange, Marques, 11. Mozamb, Dist. Kavala Island, in Lake Tanganyika, Carson! German East Africa : hills north-east of Lake Tanganyika, Scott-HUiot, 8229! between Lake Nyasa and Lake Tanganyika, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson! British Central Africa: Nyasalan ; Mount Chiradzulu, Meller! Magomero, Meller! Blantyre, Scott / Buchanan, 134! Shibisa (Chickwawa) to Tshinmuze, 2000-4000 ft., Kirk! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 135! 136! Mount Zomba, Whyte! Blantyre, Descamps (ex Dewevre) ; Mashonaland ;, Inyati River, Bryce! 26 XCVIII, ACANTHACEX (BURKILL). [ Thunbergia.. Var. auriculata, S. Moore in Journ, Bot. 1880, 195. Leaves auricled at the base: or more or less cordate.— TZ. lancifolia, var. pallida, 8. Moore, loc. cit. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Lopollo, in sandy thickets, Welwitsch, 5011 f. Monino, in thickets, Welwitsch, 5012 ! 50. T. hyalina, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 195. Stem erect, 1-23 -ft. high, glabrous, striate when dry. Leaves sessile, amplexicaul,. oblong, obtuse or acute, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, entire, scabrid on the margins, firm. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles. about 5 lin. long; bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, acute, 5-nerved, scabrid. Calyx short, truncate. Corolla glossy purple, very similar to that of T. lancifolia ; tube orange, and about 1} in. long. Anthers with a. mucro at the apex, hairy at the base; the lower pair with one lobe spurred at the base. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Lower Guinea. Angola: on rocky hills, near the River Cuanza, Welwitsch, 5164 ! Certainly very close to 7. lancifolia; the stamens are not glabrous, as stated in the original description. 51. T. cerinthoides, Radli:f. in Abhandl. naturw.Ver. Bremen, viii. 434, Stem glabrous except at the nodes, quadrangular, sulcate when dry. Leaves oblong or obovate-elliptic, 2 in. long, ? in. wide, obtuse: or somewhat acute, cordate at the base, almost sessile, entire, firm, glabrous but for short hairs on the margin. Flowers on peduncles about 7 lin. long; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, somewhat oblique, 1 1n.. long, } in. wide, acute, 3-nerved, hirsute with glandular hairs outside, glabrous within, except at the tip. Calyx very short, sinuate-dentate. Corolla-tube 1} in. long, yellow, glandular; lobes violet. Anthers mucronate above, pilose; the inner pair each with one spur. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 373. This species may prove only to be a form of 7’. hyalina, with larger flowers, and somewhat less glabrous, The distinction in the stamens which Radlkofer mentions. fails, for T. hyalina was incorrectly described in this particular. 52. 'T. gentianoides, Radlkf. in Abhandl. naturw.Ver. Bremen, viii- 433. Stem herbaceous, 3-4 ft. high, quadrangular, glabrous, except at the nodes, sulcate when dry. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, about 24 in. long, $ in. wide, acuminate above, subcordate below, sessile,. glabrous. Flowers on peduncles 3-14 in. long; bracteoles obliquely ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1 in. long, 5 lin. broad, rather acute, 3-nerved. Calyx very short, with a few blunt teeth, puberulous at the base. Corolla-tube 14-14 in. long, somewhat orange, glandular; lobes blue.. Anthers all mucronate above and hairy below, the ventral pair with one curved spur each at the base. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 195. 53. T. stellarioides, Burkill. Stem erect, glabrous, sulcate when dry. Leaves linear, sessile, acute or somewhat obtuse, glabrous, 1} in- Thunbergia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (BURKILL). 27 long, 1-14 lin. broad. Flowers on pubescent peduncles about #? in. long; bracteoles ovate, acute, pubescent, 5-nerved and keeled, about 4 in, long when flowering. Calyx-teeth short, minutely pubescent. Corolla-tube # in, long; lobes } in. long. Anthers mucronate above, pilose below; the ventral pair with a short spur below on one lobe. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, Carson, 85! 92! 101! Stevenson Road, Scott-Elliot, 8298bis ! Var. graminea, Burkill. Leaves longer, up to 3 in. in length ; bracteoles glabrous. Mozamb, Dist. British Central Africa : Stevenson Road, 4000-5000 ft., Scoté- Elliot, 8392 ! d4. 'T. longifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 91. Stem herba- ceous, glabrous. ‘Leaves linear, entire, glabrous, 9 in. long, 4 in. wide. Flowers solitary or two together, on short, glabrous peduncles ; bracteoles ovate, densely hairy, with four parallel veins, 7 lin. long, 4 lin. broad. Calyx very short, truncate. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes 4 lin. long, deep violet. Anthers hairy below, with a spur above. Ovary long. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate, the posterior angle notched. Nile Land. British East Africa: Niamniam; north of the River Ibba, Schwein- Surth, 3965. 3. ELYTRARIA, Vahl; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1078. Calyx 4-partite; segments unequal, the largest sometimes bifid. Corolla small, white or bluish; tube linear; limb 2-lipped; lobes 4, oblong, imbricate in bud. Stamens 2 perfect, attached in the corolla throat ; anthers elliptic, acute; cells 2, parallel, with or without a minute spur at the base. Stigma shortly 2-lipped ; ovules 6-10 in each cell, superimposed. Capsule ellipsoid, acute. Seeds minute, ovoid, reticulated, minutely papillose, attached at a minute point without retinacula.—Herbs with short stems. Leaves alternate, crowded, sub- radical, Scapes covered by imbricate bracts ; spikes close, rigid, simple or divided; bracts spirally imbricate, not opposite ; bracteoles smaller than the bracts.—7ubiflora, Gmel. Syst. 27. A small genus of about 3 distinct species, one of which is widely spread in Tropical frica and Asia. 1. E. crenata, Vahl, Enum. i.106. Stem 0-5in., villous or pubes- cent. Leaves spathulate or oblanceolate, obtuse, rounded or rather acute, entire or sinuate towards the base, sometimes crenate, attenuate below, 2-7 in, long. Scapes several, 2-9 in. high, clothed with small bracts, often branched at base of the spikes. Spikes dense, 4-5 in. long. Bracts ovate, acuminate, ciliate, 2 lin. long. Bracteoles 2, lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx 2 lin. long, scarious; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, the posterior broader. Corolla 3-4 lin. long, white or pale blue. Capsule ovoid, 2 lin. long.— Klotzsch in Peters’ Mossamb. 28 XCVIII. ACANTHACEZ (BURKILL). [Elytraria, Bot. 197; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 20; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 63; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 196. #. marginata, Vahl, Enum. i. 108; Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 58, t. 93; Nees l.c.; Hook. Niger Flora, 477; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 146. #. lyrata, Vahl, Enum. i. 106. Justicia acaulis, Linn. f. Suppl. 84. Zubiflora acaulis, O. Kze. Rev. Gen. Pl. 500; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 365. T. squamosa, Lindau (partly) in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iv. 3B. 289; Durand & Wildeman in Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Belg. xxxvi. 82; Biittner in Mitth. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. vi. 234. Upper Guinea. Togoland, Biittner, 173. Lagos: Otto, common in forest- paths, Millen, 24! Oware and Benin, Beauvois. Lower Niger: Onitsa, Barter, 1302! Niger Delta: Grand Bassa, Vogel, 93! Cameroons: Batanga, Bates, 190! Fernando Po, Vogel, 15! Mann, 26! Wile Land. British East Africa: Niamniam ; by the River Yuru, Schweinfurth, ser. iii. 225! Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Don! Moller (ex Henriques). Gaboon River. Mann, 1002! Angola: Golungo Alto; Cungulungulo, Welwitsch, 5209! Quibolo Rivulet, Welwitsch, 5210; and without precise locality, Curror ! Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; at Tete, Lupata and Sena, Kirk / A form of the plant with entire acuminate leaves, which taper gradually into the obvious petiole and perhaps have more hairs on the upper surface than usual, occurs throughout the Great Western forest region from Lagos (and perhaps also Togolan4) to the Gaboon River, and westward to Niamniam Land. It has been mistaken for the American £. tridentata, Vahl, which differs in having obviously keeled narrow sterile bracts, those of HE. crenata being scarcely, or not at all, keeled and ovate. The form, common in India, with spathulate almost sessile crenate leaves, occurs on the Zambesi. Intermediate forms so unite these two extremes, both in Africa and India, that they cannot be held distinct. 4, NELSONIA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1073. Sepals 4, unequal, lanceolate, the larger often bifid. Corolla very small; purplish, rose or white; tube slender; limb 2-lipped; lobes 5, obtuse, patent. Stamens 2, attached above the middle of the tube; anthers 2-celled; their lobes broadly ellipsoid, distinct, more or less divergent, glabrous or ciliate, muticous or minutely spurred. Stigma very shortly 2-lipped ; ovules in each cell 8-10. Capsule oblong, acute, bearing seeds from the base, barren upwards. Seeds small, roundly ellipsoid, papillose, attached on minute points without retinacula. A diffuse, softly villous herb. Leaves opposite, elliptic, entire. Spikes ovate or cylindric; bracts ovate, glandular-villous, closely imbricate ; bracteoles 0). A single species, widely diffused through the tropics of both hemispheres, but probably introduced into America. 1, N. campestris, &. Br. Prod. 481. Stems short; branches diffuse, decumbent, pubescent or villous. Lower leaves large and long petioled ; upper shortly petiolate or subsessile, much smaller, some- times under 4 in. long, pubescent or canescent. Spikes villous, 1-3 in. long. Bracts broadly ovate, 2-3 lin. long. Calyx 14-2 in. Nelsonia. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEX (BURKILL), 29 long. Corolla 2-2} lin. long. Capsule 2-3 lin. long.—Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc., xxix. 125. N. canescens, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 67; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 140. V. tomentosa, A. Dietr. Sp. Plant. ed. 2,i.419; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 20; S. Moore, Journ. Bot. 1880, 196. ¥. brunelloides, O. Kze. Rev. Gen. Pl. 493; Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 365. WV. origanoides, Roem. & Schult. Syst. i. 173. Justicia canescens, Lam. Ill. i, 41. Acanthodium spicatum,. Acerbi ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 67. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Boivin, 416! Rousillon, 53! Senegambia, Heudelot, 48! Island of St. Mary and Kingdom of Cayor, Leprieur (ex Nees); Gambia,. Brown-Lester, 48! Sierra Leone: near Freetown, Scott-Elliot, 5905! and without precise locality, Afzelius. Ashanti: Assin-Yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 191! Lagos, Millen, 75! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 1159! Fernando Po, Barter, 2046 ! Mann, 253 ! Nile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre; near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 900! 1815! Quartin- Dillon & Petit / and without precise locality, Schimper, 803! Upper Senaar : Fazokl, Kotschy, 484! Sarad Mts., Lefevre / Bahr-el-Abiad, d@’Arnaud/ British East Africa: Mora Dist.; Neangara, Petherick! Wayo, Petherick! Mittuland ; Ngama, Schweinfurth, 2776! Mvolo, Schweinfurth, 2788! Niamniam; Nabambisso River, Pehaveinfurth, 3004! Ugauda, in deep shade, Scott-Elliot, 7345! Ruwenzori, Scott- vot ! Lower Guinea. Corisco Bay, Mann, 1869! Gaboon: Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 295! Angola, Welwitsch, 5212 ! 5213! 5215! 5216! 5217! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Lake Tanganyika, Cameron! east shore of Lake Tanganyika, between Karema and Ujiji, Scott-Elliot, 8330! Khutu ; Mbwiga,. 1290 ft., Speke & Grant! Portuguese East Africa: Zambesi Delta; between Mam- bucha and Vicenti, Scott! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Fort Hill, 3500- 4000 ft., Whyte! Manganja Hills, Meller! Shibisa (Chikwawa) to Tshinmuze, 2000- ary ft., Kirk ! Zomba, 2500-3500 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 5. SYNNEMA, Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. 538. Sepals narrow, often unequal. Corolla nearly straight ; tube shorter than the calyx; limb long, 2-lipped, twisted to the left in bud; palate transversely plicate-rugose, purple-rose and white. Stamens ? or 4, the Posterior pair being smaller; anther-cells parallel. Ovary narrow; style sparsely hairy. Capsule narrow, with many seeds borne from the very base. Seeds small, ovoid, somewhat compressed, glandular- puberulous or glabrous ; retinacula minute, conical, soft, not curved.— Herbs, often viscid, aromatic. Leaves opposite, upper toothed, rarely entire, lower often pinnatifid or pectinate. Flowers in spikes or whorls, or 1~3 together in the axils of the leaves.—Cardanthera, Ham. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1074. Adenosma, Nees (not of R. Br.) in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 75; DC. Prod. xi. 67. A genus of about 10 species, of which two only occur in Africa ; the others are Indian. *PLASIANTHERA, Stamens2_ . . . . . « 1. S. africanum. **Eusyynema, Stamens4 . . 2. S. brevitubum. 1. S, africanum, 0. Aze. Rev. Gen. Pl. 500. Stem branched, 13-2 ft, high; branches puberulous. Leaves of two forms, the lower stated to be submerged and pinnatifid, the upper sessile, linear-lanceolate, 30 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). [Synnema. acute or almost obtuse, puberulous, 4-2} in. long, 14-3 lin. broad. Flowers in whorls at the nodes; bracts resembling the leaves, 3—5 lin. long. -Calyx 3-34 lin. long, 5-partite; lobes subulate-linear, densely glandular-pubescent. Corolla white, 3 lin. long, 2-lipped ; lobes linear, oblong. Stamens with slightly broadened filaments. Ovary glabrous. —Adenosma africana, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 21. Cardan- thera africana, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1075. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory: Nupe; Jeba, Barter, 751! 2. S. brevitubum, Burkill. Stem pilose, quadrangular, branched. Leaves, at least the upper, narrowly lanceolate, sessile, pilose on both surfaces, entire, 2 in. long and 4 lin. broad. Flowers 6-10, crowded at each node; bracts resembling the leaves, 3-5 lin. long. Calyx- segments 5, acute, free, pilose, the posterior 4 lin. long and #? lin. broad, the others shorter and narrower. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, only 14 lin. long; the upper lip rounded, 1 lin. long; the lower much larger, 4 lin. long, 3-fid and with 6 gland-like marks in pairs near the median line. Stamens 4, their filaments inserted at the top of the tube. Style hairy. Capsule 3 lin. long; seeds many; retinacula short. Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Upper Volta; Salaga, Krause! Togoland: Krakye, on the River Volta, Krause! This remarkable species has the habit of Stachys sylvatica; I can compare the appearance of the curious flowers to nothing better than those of Orchis Morio, which in face view the corolla resembles. 6. HYGROPHILA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1075. Calyx-segments 5, or 4 by the union of the anterior pair, equal or unequal. Corolla contorted in the bud, bilabiate, the upper lip forming a hood, the lower 3-lobed, usually plicate-rugose at the base. Stamens 4, the posterior usually smaller; filaments of the upper and lower stamen of each side frequently united at the base; anthers muticous, bilocular, lying under the hood. Style filiform; posterior lobe of the stigma extremely minute. Ovary many-ovuled. Capsule linear-oblong or linear, compressed, its valves grooved on the back, 2-celled. Seeds compressed, with hygroscopic hairs; retinacula slender.-_Herbs often glandular, erect or spreading, with entire leaves. Inflorescence various. —Physichilus, Nees in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 310. Polyechma, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, 376. Asteracantha, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 75. Momaphila, Blume, Bijdr. 804. A genus distributed through the tropics. All the African species, of which I have seen ripe seeds, show abundantly the hygroscopic hairs ; those of the section Nomaphila from Asia, however, do not do so to the same extent. *AsTERACANTHA. Flowers densely packed at the nodes; with 2-6 spines in each whorl . . . . ° - 1. Z. spinosa. **EvuHYGROPHILA. Flowers sessile, or almost so, in the axils either forming false whorls along the stem or spikes towards the apex. Flowers 14-20 at each node. Leaves 2 in. long; sepals 2 lin. long . . . . 2A Leaves 34 in. long ; sepals 3-4 lin long. ° - 3. A, lutea. Aygrophila. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL), 31 Flowers 2-10 at each node. __ . . Flowers in false whorls, the internodes obvious bet ween them. Stems hispid. . Leaves # in. broad; stamens equal. . - 4 A. uliginosa. Leaves 4 in. broad ; stamens very unequal . . 5. A. Teuczii. : Stems pubescent. - Calyx segments unequal. Ovary pubescent . . . . . 6. LL. spiciformis. Ovary glabrous. Calyx segments obtuse . . . . 7. H, odora. Calyx segments acute . . . . . 8. a acutisepala. . 1, astera- Calyx segments equal a. thoides, Flowers forming an apparent spike, hiding the inter- nodes. Calyx divided nearly to the base. . Stems glabrous, leaves slightly ciliate . . . 10. HZ. senegalensis. Stems and leaves pubescent . . . - 11. H. cerulea. Calyx divided to a little below the middle . . 12. H. micrantha. ***Nomarniia. Flowers in small cymes, which are remote from the main axis on long peduncles. Flowers small, not exceeding # in. in length. Leaves ovate . . . Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. . Stem and young leaves pilose . . . 14. HL. pilosa. . . . 13. ZH. ciliata. Stem and young leaves scabrid, pubescent, or glabrous. Leaves 13 lin. broad. . . . Corolla scarcely 2 lin. long. . : . 15. H, linearis. Corolla 8-9 lin, long . . . . . 16. H. gracillima. Leaves upwards of } in. broad. . . 17. H, levis. Flowers large, more than 1 in. in length . . . 18. H. Gigas. 1. H. spinosa, 7’. Anders. in Thwaites, Enuin. Pl. Zeyl. 225. Stem stout, erect, hispid or more rarely glabrous. Leaves oblanceolate, with- out clearly distinct petioles, sparingly hispid on both surfaces, acute above, tapering very gradually to the base, 3-14 in. long, 5-15 lin. broad. Flowers in dense clusters in the axils of the leaves, with stout thorns (usually 6 to each whorl) and many lanceolate or linear bracts. Calyx with the upper sepal 7—9 lin. long, the others shorter and much narrower ; the lower pair fused almost or quite to the apex. Corolla- tube about 4 in. long, widening abruptly upwards ; lips 6—7 lin. long, mauve. Stamens nearly equal, with the filaments of the lower pair broadened, each attached to the filament of the upper stamen of its side at the base. Capsule about 4 lin. long, linear-oblong, 4—8-seeded.— I. Anders, Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. ZH. longifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1870, ii. 78; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 337. Barleria longifolia, Linn, Amen. Acad. iv. 320. B. auriculata, Schumacher, skr, Pl. Guin. 285. 2B. macracantha, R. Br. (name only) in Salt., Abyss. App. 64, B. heeacantha, Moris in Mem. Acad. Turin, xxxvi. 200, t. 7. Ruellia longifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 50. Asteracantha longifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 90 and in DC. Prod. xi, 247; Wight, Te. t, 449 3 Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 367, and in Ann. Istit. bot. ma, vi. 68. 4, auriculata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 248; A. Rich. Tent. 32 XCVIII. ACANTHACE (BURKILL). [ Zygrophila. Fl. Abyss. ii. 146. A. macrantha, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. li. 146. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 180! Gambia, Botela! Brown-Lester f Gold Coast : Cape Coast Castle, Vogel! Keating! Accra, Don! and without precise locality, Thonning (ex Schumacher). Lagos: Abeokuta, Howland! Ogun River, Millen, 72! and without precise locality, Barter, 20164! Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 773! Nile Land. Galabat: Matamma, Schweinfurth, 82! Abyssinia: Tigre; near Adowa, Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 4! 300! Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 343! near Axum, Schimper, 15211! Hamedo, 4600 ft., Schimper, 557! Mai Terkellem, 6000 ft., Schimper, 557! between Keren and Gondar, Steudner, 1498 (ex Engler). Upper Senaar: Fazokl, Kotschy, 496! Fashoda, on the White Nile, Schweinfurth, 1097! Kordofan : Mount Arasch-Cool, margins of muddy places, Kotschy, 114! between Obeid and Malbes, Pfund, 428! and without precise locality, Kotschy, 49! Somaliland : Coromma, in damp shady places, Riva, 625 (ex Lindau). British East Africa: Bongoland; by the River Sabbi, Schweinfurth, 2619! Madi, Speke d& Grant! Unyoro, Speke & Grant, 582! Giriama Mountains, near Mombasa, Gregory ! Lower Guinea. Angola: Gambos, Johnston! Huilla ; Humpata, Johnston! German South-west Africa : Amboland ; Olukonda, Schinz, 9 ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; below Majame, 3300 ft., Volkens, 1621! Unyamwezi; Mininga, Speke & Grant, 66! Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique, Forbes! Lower Zambesi ; Expedition Island, Kirk / between Shupanga and the Shire River, Stewart ! Mankokwe’s village, on the Lower Shire, Kirk! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, between Kondowe and Karonga, Whyte! Fort Hill, Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 805! 1113! Widely distributed also in India and Ceylon. 2. H. barbata, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. A small plant much branched from the root; branches spreading, pilose when young. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, acute above, tapering very gradually to the base, somewhat hispid, attaining 2 in. in length and 2 lin. in breadth. Flowers in dense axillary whorls; bracts linear- lanceolate, not exceeding the calyces, hispid. Calyx-segments linear, hispid, 2 lin. long, the posterior a little longer than the others. Corolla- tube about 1 lin. long; upper lip beaked, hairy, the beak being. fringed with long hairs, lower 3-fid. Stamens of 2 lengths; filaments not broadened. Capsule 2-3 lin. long, about 8-seeded.—Physichilus barbatus, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 82. . Upper Guinea. Senegambia, by the River Casamanze, Heudelot, 573! Sierra Leone: Samu; near Ruka, on a sandy plateau, Scott-Elliot, 4329! between forty-five and seventy miles north-east of Sierra Leone, Garrett ! 3. H. lutea, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Erect plant with long internodes and few leaves; stems hispid. Leaves linear- lanceolate, sessile, hispid on both surfaces, obtuse above, 34 in. long and 4 lin. broad. Flowers in few, densely aggregated whorls; bracts linear-lanceolate or linear, hispid, about 5 lin. long. Calyx-segments linear, hispid, 3-4 lin. long; posterior slightly exceeding the others. Corolla bright yellow, small. Upper Guinea. Lower Niger: Onitsa, Barter, 1163 ! A species distinct in its round whorls of flowers, white with the hairs of the calyx and bracts, but described from rather imperfect material. 4. H. uliginosa, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 197. Stem erect, unbranched, with few leaves, somewhat hispid below, becoming more s0 Hygrophila. XCVIII. ACANTHACES (BURKILL). 33 ygrop: above. Leaves broadly lanceolate, or in the upper part of the stem linear-lanceolate, with scattered rough hairs on both surfaces, sessile or very shortly petiolate, entire, 24—% in. long and # in. broad. Flowers whorled, 4-12 at a node; bracts lanceolate. Calyx-segments linear, acute, pubescent, nearly equal. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long; lips about 4 lin. long, purple, pubescent outside. Stamens equal. Capsule 7 lin. long. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; Lombe River and near Bumba, in swamps, Welwitsch, 5106 ! 5. H. Teuczii, Lindawin Engl. Jahrb. xx. 7. Stem quadrangular, hispid. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, petiolate, rough with white hairs along the veins on both sides, 23 in. long and } in. wide. Flowers solitary or few together in the axils of the leaves; bracts lanceolate, hairy, 4 in. long. Calyx-segments 5, equal, rather shorter than the bracts, hairy. Corolla-tube 7 lin. long, hairy on both surfaces ; lips 4—5 lin. long, the middle lobe of the lower lip emarginate. Stamens very unequal, those of either side of the flower united at the base. Style hairy. Ovary hairy, becoming glabrous after the fall of the corolla, 10—12-ovuled. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, in swamps, Jechow, 375. 6. H. spiciformis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 5. Stem quadran- gular, hirsute with spreading white hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, entire, very shortly stalked, pubescent on both surfaces, 23 in. long and 3 in. wide. Flowers in small whorls, about 6 to each node; bracts narrowly oblanceolate, ciliate along the margins, and with shorter glandular hairs on the surfaces. Calyx-segments linear, about 5 lin. long, the posterior slightly longer and broader, glandular. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long, pubescent outside; lips 4-5 lin. long, the lower deeply divided. Stamens unequal ; filaments of the lower pair broadened, and united at the base to the upper pair. Ovary pubescent.—Lindau in Ann. Istit. bot. Roma, vi. 68. Wile Land. Abyssinia: Gondar, Steudner, 1523. Somaliland: River Dana near Aloi, Riva, 517. Mozamb. Dist. East Africa: without locality, Fischer, 479! German East Africa : Ugogo ; Massweyo, Stuhlmann, 333, Uyanzi; Pungusi, Stuhlmann, 424, Muhale stream, Stuhlmann, 461. A species very nearly allied to H. odora. 7. H. odora, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Stem erect, pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, or in the upper part of the stem linear- lanceolate, sessile or shortly petiolate, entire, somewhat acute above, pubescent on both surfaces, 3 in. long and nearly 1 in. broad. Flowers Whorled 4-12 at a node ; bracts linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx- Segments linear, obtuse, pubescent, 4 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, the posterior longer and twice as broad. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long ; lips 4-5 lin. long, Pink, pubescent outside. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair not broadened, united each at the base to that of the upper stamen VOL. vy. 34 XCVIII, ACANTHACE (BURKILL). [ Tygrophila. of its side. Style hairy. Ovary glabrous, 12—16-ovuled.—Polyechma odorum, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 83. Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Fonta d’Hiallon, Heudelot, 12 (ex Nees), and without precise locality, Heudelot, 807! Sierra Leone: near Mofari, on the River Scarcies, Scott-Elliot, 4723 ! 8. H.acutisepala, Burkill. Stem erect, quadrangular, pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, petiolate, scabrid-pubescent on both surfaces, obtuse below, acute above, 2 in. long and 7-8 lin. broad ; petioles of the lower leaves 3 lin. long. Flowers usually 6 to each node ; bracts oblanceolate, pubescent. Calyx-segments linear-setaceous, pubescent, 5 lin. long, the posterior a very little longer than the others. Corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long, glabrous; lips 5 lin. long, pubescent outside, the lower 3-fid. Stamens unequal; the filaments of the upper and lower stamen of either side of the flower united at the base. Style hairy. Ovary glabrous, about 20-ovuled. Capsule nearly 3 in. long, glabrous. Nile Land. Without locality, Petherick ! 9. H. asteracanthoides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 6. Stem quadrangular, pubescent when young especially at the nodes. Leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, tapering slightly to the base, pubescent, 2} in. long, 7-8 lin. broad. Flowers in small whorls, usually 6 to each node ; bracts Janceolate, pubescent. Calyx-segments equal, 5-6 lin. long, pubescent. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long, hairy outside; lips 5-6 lin. long, hairy, the lower 3-fid. Stamens of either side of the flower united at the base. Ovary glabrous, or with a few glandular hairs. Capsule nearly 4 in. long, 12-seeded. Nile Land. Erytrea: Osmara, 7500 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 2106! Abyssinia: between Keren and Gondar, Steudner, 1498, Tigramme, Rohlf & Stecker. 10. H. senegalensis, 7. Anders. in Jown. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Stems erect, quadrangular, glabrous, fully branched. Leaves linear, sessile, entire, acute at the apex and tapering slightly to the base, 1-1} in. long and 1-2 lin. broad, glabrous, or the uppermost sparingly ciliate. Flowers in short spikes at the ends of the branches, 2 at each node; bracts linear, ciliate. Calyx-segments linear-subulate, equal, ciliate. Corolla-tube 3 lin. long; lips 3 lin. long, the lower with 3 large teeth. Stamens almost equal; filaments of the upper and lower of each side united at the base, all slender. Style hairy. Ovary glabrous; seeds numerous.—Physichilus senegalensis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 81. Upper Guinea. Sahara, Guillemin! Senegal, Roger, 32! Richard! Sene- gambia, Heudelot, 139! Gambia, Brown-Lester, 12! 11. H. cerulea, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Stems much branched from the base, obscurely angled, pubescent. Leaves narrowly obovate, sessile, pilose, 7-10 lin. long, 2-4 lin. broad. Flowers in short terminal spikes, often very small on the lateral branches; bracts linear, scarcely equalling the calyx, ciliated. Calyx-segments 3-4 lin. long, almost filiform, ciliate, the posterior slightly longer and Hygrophila. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEZ (BURKILL). 35 broader. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long; lips 3-4 lin. long, slightly hairy outside. Stamens unequal ; filaments of the lower longer pair broadened, slightly hairy. Style hairy. Capsule 4 lin. long, many-seeded.— Polyechma ceruleum, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, 377; Nees in DC. Prod. x1. 82, Wile Land. Kordofan: Gebel el Glet, Pfund, 98! Om Cherene, Pfund, 156! White Nile: near Mount Mussa, Kotschy, 310! at El-Ehs, Schweinfurth, 970! Bahr- el-Abiad, d’ Arnaud (ex Nees). 12. H. micrantha, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Spreading plant, much branched; stems hispid with spreading hairs. Upper leaves oblong, obtuse, sessile, 1 in. or so long, entire. Flowers in whorls at the nodes, the one half of the whorl (2.c. the small inflor- escence from the axil of one leaf) 1-few-flowered, the other half 3—several-flowered ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, petiolate, equalling the calyx; bracteoles small, subulate. Calyx only divided into. equal segments to a little below the middle, hirsute. Corolla white, slightly exceeding the calyx; lower lip not rugose-plicate. Capsule 16—20- seeded.—Polyechma micranthum, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 83. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrottet, 477, 32. Kunth (ex Nees). Senegambia, Dagana, Leprieur ! Habit in general of H. cerulea; to this species it certainly is most nearly allied. 13. Hl. ciliata, Burkill. Stem erect, quadrangular, glabrous. Leaves ovate, sessile, regularly serrate, glabrous, 1} in. long, } in. wide, with 10-12 veins arising from each side of the midrib. Inflorescences 1-3-flowered cymes arising singly from the nodes. Calyx-lobes linear, fringed with hairs along the margins ; dorsal lobe exceeding the others, 34 lin. long. Corolla pubescent outside ; tube about 3 lin. long; upper lip 2 lin. long; lower a little longer. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair broad and with a few hairs. Ovary pubescent, with 35-40 ovules.—™ omaphila ciliata, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 21. Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith, 13! 14. H. pilosa, Burkill. Stems rather slender, obscurely angled, Somewhat pilose. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, entire, tapering to both ends, pilose when young, 2 in. long and } in. wide. Flowers solitary, or two together, borne on rather long peduncles, a pair of Which arise from each node. Calyx-segments pilose, the upper linear- lanceolate, 4 lin. long; the others linear, 3 lin. long. Corolla slightly pilose outside; tube 3 lin. long; upper lip 2} lin. long; lower a ttle longer and marked with orange spots. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair broad, almost glabrous. Ovary pubescent, with about 20 ovules. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte! North Zambesia ; Batoka Highlands, 3000 ft., Kirk ! 15. H. linearis, Burkill. Stem weak, ascending, about 18 in. long, Tooting at the base, glabrous. Leaves linear, sessile, glabrous, entire, 36 XOVIII. ACANTHACEH (BURKILL). | Hygrophila. acute at the apex, 3 in. long, 1-14 lin. wide. Inflorescences of 1-2- flowered cymes arising singly from the upper nodes. Flowers on pedicels about 1 lin. long. Calyx-teeth linear, acute, nearly equal, glabrous. Corolla scarcely 2 lin. long. Ovary with about 14 ovules. Lower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5772! 16. H. gracillima, Burkill. Stem stout, much branched at the base, glabrous, obscurely angled in the thinner branches. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, scabrid on both surfaces, acute or subacute above, rounded below, upwards of 1 in. long, 14 lin. broad. Flowers solitary or 2 together in small cymes arising singly from the nodes. Calyx-teeth linear, scabrid; the upper 5 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, the others 4 lin. long. Corolla-tube 4-5 lin. long, somewhat pubescent outside ; upper lip 3 lin., lower 4 lin. long, with 2 yellow marks on the palate. Stamens nearly equal; filaments of the lower pair sparingly hairy. Ovary pubescent. Capsule somewhat pubescent, 4—5 lin. long, containing 35-40 seeds.—Nomaphila gracillima, Schinz in Verhandl. bot. Ver. Brandenburg, 1889, 196. Lower Guinea. Amboland: Olukonda, common on moist land and in grass by water, Schinz, 7! 8! 18! _ 17. H. levis, Lindau in Engl. and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B, 297. Stem erect, bluntly angled, clad with very short hairs, Leaves narrowly lanceolate, sessile, entire, acute above, somewhat rounded below, when young clad like the stem with very short hairs, becoming glabrous later, 24 in. long, 4 in. broad. Inflorescences arising as 3-7- flowered cymes for the most part singly at the nodes. Calyx-teeth linear, acute, glandular-pubescent, the posterior nearly } in. long, 4 lin. broad, the others 4 lin. long. Corolla pink ; tube 3-4 lin. long, pubes- cent outside. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair fringed, especially on the lower side, with short, stiff hairs. Ovary pubescent, with about 10 ovules. Capsule 5 lin. long, glabrous.— Womaphila levis, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 21. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot,197! Niger Territory : Nupe, swampy margins of streams, Barter, 1139! 1285! 18. Ht. Gigas, Burkill. Stem 4-5 ft. high, pubescent, obscurely angled in the upper part. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, entire, tapering to both ends, pubescent, the upper 3} in. long and } in. wide. Flowers on 2—3-flowered cymes arising singly from the nodes. Calyx glandular- pubescent ; lobes linear-subulate, 4, or in the dorsal sepal 5 lin., long, arising from a basal cup 1 lin. deep. Corolla pubescent outside ; tube 8 lin. long, much dilated above; upper lip 7 lin. long; lower slightly longer and with long hairs on the palate. Stamens with filaments of different length, those of the lower pair hardly broadened, glabrous. Ovary with 12-14 ovules. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Fort Young, in a damp district. Nicholson ! Perhaps Brillantaisia didynama, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 313, may be this species. [t was collected at Lufiro in Nyasaland by Captain Descamps. Brillantaisia.] XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). 87 7. BRILLANTAISIA, Beauv.; Benth. et. Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1076. Calyx 5-partite; segments linear, sometimes spathulate, usually unequal. Corolla 2-lipped, conspicuous; tube comparatively short ; upper lip of two petals forming a hood ; lower of three petals more or less saccate towards the base. Stamens 2, their anthers protected by the hood of the corolla ; ventral pair of stamens represented by staminodes ; filaments inserted into the tube of the corolla to which they are con- nected for some distance. Pollen with longitudinal ribs, sometimes spiny. Stigma projecting beyond the hood ; posterior lobe reduced to @ very small tooth. Ovary with many ovules. Capsule linear, its valves grooved on the back, 2-celled. Seeds many, flattened; retina- cula present.—Herbs reaching 10 ft. in height, with large leaves, the upper and often the lower side of which, owing to the presence of crystals, appears as if marked with white scratches. Flowers of various shades of purple.—Belantheria, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 96. Leucorhaphis, Nees, l.c. 97. A genus confined to Tropical Africa and Madagascar, containing 22 species. * Kuryanruium. — Inflorescence a panicle, or in 8 a raceme. _ Sepals linear, equal, or nearly so, acute. orolla nearly 1 in. long . . . . . - 1. B. Lamiun. Corolla nearly 14 in. long, glandular outside . . . 2. Bo Emini. Sepals linear, obtuse, sometimes spathulate, the posterior a little larger than the others. Corolla-tube more than half as long as the lips. All parts hairy 3. B. pubescens. Leaves glabrous. . Panicle with short glandular hairs . 4, B. Soycuan Panicle glabrous . . . 5. B. debilis. Corolla-tube not half as long as the lips. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. ves pubescent . . . . . . . 6. B. Nyanzarum Leaves glabrous. oo, Posterior sepal broadly spathulate . . . 7. B. crcatricosa, Posterior sepal slightly broadened above. oo. Inflorescence a slender raceme . . . . 8. B, lancifolia. Inflorescence a panicle 9. B, owarienses. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded below. Petioles firm, usually shorter than the blade of the f. leaf. Lips of corolla less than gin. long . . 10. B. vogeliana. Lips of corolla 3-1 in. long. ; anicle racemiform . . . . . . 11. By nitens. Panicle lax, leaves nearly glabrous . . . 12. B. salviiflora, Panicle lax, leaves pubescent . . . . 13. B. leonensis. Lips of the corolla about 14 in. long. . . 14, B. pata | Petioles weak, almost as long as the clliptical blade. 15. B. schumanniana. Sepals linear, the posterior much broader than the others. osterior sepal twice as broad as the others . . 16. B. Kirunge. Posterior sepal thrice as broad as the others . Corolla-tube short . . . . . . . 17, B. subuluguriea. Corolla-tube long . . . . . . . 18. B. ulugurica. 88 XCVIII. ACANTHACE® (BURKILL). [ Brillantaisia. ** Srenantuium. Inflorescence a spike. oo. Leaves with scattered hairs. . . . . . 19. B. madagascariensis. Leaves glabrous. . . . . . . . 20. B. verruculosa. 1. B. Lamium, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 477. Herbaceous, 3-4 ft. high (Mann). Stem somewhat pilose. Leaves cordate or cordate-ovate, acuminate, forming a small wing to the upper end of the petiole, pilose on both sides, entire or nearly so; the uppermost sessile. Inflorescence a lax panicle, glandular-pubescent ; lower bracts ovate. Calyx-segments equal, acute, rather sparingly clad with glandular hairs. Corolla deep blue; tube } in. long, slightly exceeding the calyx-seg- ments ; lips 7-8 lin. long. Staminodes densely glandular. Capsule 1} in. long, glabrous, with about 20 seeds to each valve.—Leucorhaphis Lamium, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 97. Brillantaisia owariensis, Hook. (partly), Bot. Mag. t. 4717, fig. 8; Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 339; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 21 (not of Beauv.). B. Palisotit, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xvii. 99; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 296, fig. 119 (not typical) ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 146. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Kortright Hill, Preuss (ex Lindau), and without recise locality, Afzelius (ex Lindau)! Liberia: Cape Palmas, Ansell! Gold Coast, urton d& Cameron! Togoland: Misahéhe, Baumann, 67! Bismarckburg, Bittner, 231 (ex Lindau). Lagos: near Otto, Dlillen, 7! Abeokuta, Zrving! Lower Niger : Onitsa, Barter, 103! Niger Delta: Nun River, Vogel, 17! Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker, 1104! Rio del Rey, Johnston! Mungo, Buchholz (ex Lindau). Lower Guinea. Princes Island, Rattray! Mann, 1142! Island of St. Thomas: Rio de Ouro, Sandade, Quintas, 88 (ex Henriques), Blublu, Nova Moka, 2800 ft., Moller (ex Henriques). South Central. Lunda: Bashilange; Lulua River, Pogge, 1123 (ex Lindau). 2. B. Emini, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 103. Stem tall, pilose above. Lower leaves unknown, uppermost cordate, sessile, acuminate, entire, pilose, thin. Inflorescence a loose panicle, glandular. Calyx- teeth acute, nearly equal, glandular. Corolla-tube } in. long, with glandular hairs outside ; lips violet, 1-14 in. long, with glandular hairs outside ; teeth of the lower lip small. Staminodes densely glandular. Capsule 1% in. long, glabrous, with 16 seeds to each cell. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 3644! 3995. It is very doubtfully distinct from B. Lamium. The upper leaves of this and B. Lamium ave very similar ; in the loose panicle and long capsules they agree very closely ; the only obvious point of difference between them is in the size of the glandular corolla, and it will be granted that this is a very unsatisfactory one. Ihave only seen a very small fragment. ° 3. B. pubescens, 7’. Anders. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 125. A low very aromatic herb, Stem densely covered with long white glandular hairs, pale in colour. Leaves ovate, contracted gradually to both extremities, or the upper ones obtuse at the apex, pilose above, pubescent below, entire, 4 in. long, 14 in. wide; petiole 4 in. long, pilose. Inflorescence very much branched, like the stem glandular pilose ; bracts spathulate. Calyx-segments linear subspathulate, covered with glandular hairs. Corolla-tube narrow, curved in large flowers, Brillantaisia. | XCVIII, ACANTHACES (BURKILL). 39 nearly 3 in. long; lips 8-10 lin. long, “brown tinged with lilac” (Scott), the lower with some long white hairs, in small flowers the corolla-tube sometimes barely 2 lin. long, the lips 32 lin. long. Staminodes varying in size in proportion to the size of the corolla, sometimes very small. Capsule 5-7 lin. long, sparingly pilose.— B. anomala, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 366. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Khutu; Kirengwe, 900 ft., Speke & Grant! near the mouth of the Rovuma River, Kirk! Portuguese East Africa: Villa Gouveia, Carvalho (ex Lindau); Zambesi Delta; banks of the River Quaqua (Kwakwa), Scott! British Central Africa: Manganja Hills, Meller! Shire Valley, Waller! Katunga, on the River Shire, Scott! It appears that the flowers most remote from the main axis are smallest, and have the least capsule. On the specimen which served as a basis for the original description there is a difference of 2 lin. in dimension between the fruits near the top and the bottom of the inflorescence. .B. anomala appears to be a depauperate form, as are the specimens collected at Katunga. 4. B. Soyauxii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.101. Stem glabrous. Lower leaves unknown, upper leaves ovate, rounded below and forming a very short wing to the upper part of the petiole, acuminate with triangular blunt teeth on the margin or almost entire, thin, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-flowered panicle, with shortly glandular hairs ; bracts lanceolate. Calyx segments glandular, the posterior the longest and broadest. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long; lips 6 lin. long, violet, the lower with 3 short teeth. Staminodes delicate; their sterile anthers with an appendix. Capsule 7 lin. long, with 26—28 seeds to each valve. Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyaur, 454. 5. B. debilis, Burkill, A weak plant growivg in wet places. Stem glabrous. Leaves ovate, narrow below, with a short wing, acuminate above, almost entire, glabrous on both sides, 24 in. long, 1} in. wide. Inflorescence lax, few-flowered, glabrous ; bracts lanceo- late. Calyx-segments linear, nearly equal, fringed with glandular hairs. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long; lips 8 lin. long, dark purple, the upper sparingly hairy outside. Staminodes densely covered with short glandular hairs. Style hairy. Ovary 10 lin. long, glabrous, with about 20 seeds to each valve. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Efulen, Bates, 350! 6. B. Nyanzarum, Burkill. Stem glabrous below. Leaves ovate, narrowed into the petiole, slightly acuminate above, regularly dentate- serrate on the margins, pubescent on the lower face, less so above, © In. long and 24 in. wide. Inflorescence lax ; lateral branches short, very glandular-pubescent ; bracts lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx-segments ear, glandular-pubescent; posterior segment the largest, obtuse. Corolla-tube 3 lin. long; lips 1 in. long, the upper slightly pilose outside, the lower with 3 short teeth. Staminodes with a few glandular hairs, Style hairy. Ovary with 14 ovules to each cell. Wile Land, British East Africa: Kavirondo, riverside, Scott-LUliot, 6999 ! _ 7. B. cicatricosa, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 4. A shrubby plant with a subglabrous stem. Lower leaves unknown, the upper sesstle, ovate, acute, entire, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-flowered loose 40 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (BURKILL). [ Brillantaisia. panicle, almost glabrous ; bracts ovate. Calyx-segments nearly glabrous, the posterior broadly spathulate above. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long; lips nearly 1 in. long, the teeth of the lower about 2 lin. long. Capsule over 1} in. long, with 16-20 seeds, hairy ; retinacula large. Nile Land. West side of Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Stuhlmann, 2301. 8. B. lancifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xvii. 98. Stem herbaceous, glabrous below. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 3 in. long and 3} in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, entire or nearly so. Inflorescence a large raceme, glandular-pubescent. Calyx-segments linear, the uppermost slightly enlarged towards the apex, fringed with glandular hairs. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long ; lips 9—11 lin. long, purple, glabrous. Staminodes with a very few glandular hairs. Capsule 10 lin. long, with a few glandular hairs, and 18—24 seeds to each valve. Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1688 ! 9. B. owariensis, Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 68, t. 100 (not of Hook.) Stem 10-12 ft. high (Jann), glabrous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, gradually narrowed into the petiole, 9 in. long, 3 in. wide, glabrous, evenly serrate on the margins. Inflorescence a loosely thyrsiform panicle, glandular-pubescent ; bracts lanceolate, falling off early. Calyx-segments linear, acute. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long; lips 10-11 lin. Staminodes glandular. Ovary pubescent, 20-24-ovuled.— Belantheria belvisiana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 97. Upper Guinea. Benin: Agathon, Beauvois; Cameroons, at 3000 ft., Mann, 1959 ! Preuss, 600! Under this name Lindau has placed specimens which I refer to B. vogeliana and to B. patula. As his and other authors’ views of species differ from mine, it has been necessary to reject any statement which could not be tested, and only in the case of B. Lumiuwm—a species which can scarcely be confused—are localities cited on the word of other writers. 10. B. vogeliana, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 477 (partly). Stem 4-5 ft. high, erect, pale. Leaves varying from elliptic to cordate, the petiole winged in the upper part, sparingly pilose on both sides, at least when young, the margins of the larger leaves coarsely serrate, of the smaller sinuate. Inflorescence a lax panicle, often much branched, glandular-hirsute; bracts ovate to lanceolate. Calyx-segments linear, slightly broadened at the apex, blunt, fringed with long glandular hairs. Corolla varying in size, violet, frequently orange towards the base, tube 13-2} lin. long; lips 5-8 lin. long. Staminodes somewhat glandular. Capsule 7-8 lin. long, pubescent, with 18-28 seeds to each valve.— T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 21. B. Preussii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 100. B. Molleri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 99 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 146. Leucorhaphis vogeliana, Nees in DC. Prod. x1, 97. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Buea, 3200 ft., Preuss, 998! Barombi, Preuss; 320! Efulen, in open places, Bates, 216! Yaunde, Zenker, 513! and without precise locality, Preuss, 1029! Fernando Po, Vogel, 179! Mann, 36! Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas: Monte Cafe, Roca, S. Nicolau, 2300 ft.; Moller, 87; Don! B. Molleri appears to differ from more typical specimens in nothing but the fewer seeds to the capsule. GRRE: SRE PREETI Brillantaisia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (BURKILL), 41 11. B. nitens, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 102. Stem reaching 8 ft. in height, glabrous below. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate or abruptly narrowed into the winged petiole, very acuminate above, regularly serrate on the margins, sprinkled with short hairs on both surfaces. Inflorescence a narrow panicle, the lateral branches scarcely 1 in. long, densely covered with long glandular hairs, Calyx-segments linear, the posterior the longest and rather broader towards its apex, glandular-pubescent. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long; lips 1 in. long, the upper pilose outside, purple. Staminodes glandular. Ovary with 14-16 ovules in each cell. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Efulen, Bates, 435! Yaunde, Zenker & Staudt, 520! West of Buea, 6000 ft., Preuss, 847 ! A well marked species. 12. B. salviifiora, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 101, Stem glabrous below. Leaves ovate, subcordate or narrowed into the more or less winged petiole, acuminate, with a few hairs on either surface, the margin coarsely, and on the smaller leaves more or less regularly, den- tate; the wing of the petiole almost without teeth. Inflorescence a lax panicle, glandular-pubescent. Calyx-segments linear ; the posterior the longest and broadest, glandular-pubescent. Corolla-tube +4 lin. long; lips 7-9 lin. long, the upper pilose outside, Staminodes slightly glandu- lar, with an appendix to the anther. Capsule 8 lin. long, pubescent, with 12-14 seeds to each valve. Upper Guinea. Togoland: Bismarckburg, Biitiner, 341 ; Ashanti, Assin-Yan- Coomassie, Cummins, 245! Sierra Leone : forty-five to seventy miles north-east from the coast, Garrett ! To this species apparently belongs that mentioned by Bowdich (Mission to Ashantee, 374), of which a poor specimen is preserved at the British Museum. 13. B. leonensis, Burkill. Stem 1-4 ft. high, glabrous below. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate or rounded below, shortly acuminate above, margin regularly serrate, clad on both surfaces with soft white hairs; petiole winged above, and especially while young densely covered with hairs on the upper side. Inflorescence a some- what close panicle, glandular-pubescent. Calyx-segments linear, glandu- lar-pubescent, the upper longest and somewhat broadened towards the apex. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long; lips 7~10 lin. long, the upper with hairs on the outside, the lower with three short teeth. Staminodes glandular, Capsule 1 in. long, glandular-pubescent, with about 16 seeds to each valve.—Z. owariensis, Hook. (partly), Bot. Mag. t. 4717, figs. land 2. B. Lamium, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 477 (partly). , Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Winwood Reade! on the way to Regent, Scott-EUiot, 39904! and without precise locality, Don? l4. B, patula, 7’. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 21. Stem stout, 6-8 ft. in height, 4—6 in. in circumference at the base (Grant). Leaves ovate to elliptic, 12 in. long, 8 in. wide, slightly acuminate at the apex, rounded towards the base, and then prolonged downward in broa : wings almost or quite to the base of the petiole; margin coarsely serrate ; 42 XCVIII. ACANTHACEZ (BURKILL). [ Brillantaisia. a few scattered hairs on each surface. Inflorescence a somewhat lax panicle, the branches frequently falsely dichotomous, more or less covered with short glandular hairs; bracts ovate to lanceolate. Calyx- segments linear, obtuse, with glandular hairs. Corolla large; upper lip 1} in. long, yellow spotted with lilac, pilose on the outside near the apices ; lower lip and the tube lilac; tube attaining 7 lin. in length. Staminodes glandular. Capsule 10-11 lin. long, with about 20 seeds to each valve.—B. alata, T. Anders. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 125; Durand & Wildeman, Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Belg. XXXVi. 83. Upper Guinea. Cameroons, Preuss, 600! Wile Land. British East Africa: Uganda and Unyoro, Speke & Grant, 583 ! Lower Guinea. Gaboon River, Mann, 1007! Loango: Bango, Soyausz, 118! Congo, Smith! Burton! Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5150 ! Var. Welwitschii, Burkill.—Calyx-segments rather broader, less hairy. Corolla an intense blue.—B. alata, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 197 in part. Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; Quiapoze and Cuango Rivulets, near Sange, Welwitsch, 5149! Quibolo, Welwitsch, 5182 ! 15. B. schumanniana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 102. Stem glabrous. Leaves broadly ovate, rounded or subcordate at the base, shortly acuminate above, slightly pilose, 4 in. long, 3 in. wide, their margins serrate at the base, sinuate towards the apex; petiole nearly as long as the blade, with a few acute leafy teeth at the apex. In- florescence somewhat lax, the branches covered with dark glandular hairs ; upper bracts linear-lanceolate. Calyx-segments linear, obtuse or subspathulate at the apex, fringed with glandular hairs ; posterior seg- ment the longest. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long; lips 10-11 lin. long. Staminodes slightly glandular. Capsule 1 in. long, with about 30 seeds to each valve. Upper Guinea. Cameroons, Braun, 47! 16. B. Kirunge, Lindau ex Engl. in Gitzen, Durch Africa von Ost nach West, Sonderabdr, 4,9. Stem tall, the lower part unknown; pilose near the inflorescence. Lower leaves unknown; upper ovate, sessile, cordate at the base, acuminate above, with large regular teeth on the margin, pilose. Inflorescence a panicle, pubescent; bracts lanceo- late. Calyx-segments glandular pilose, the posterior a little longer than, and twice as broad as, the others. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long, slightly narrowed above; upper lip of the corolla 10 lin. long, the lower 14, with fairly large triangular teeth. Staminodes clavate, rather long. Ovary with 16-20 ovules, densely pilose; style pilose. South Central. Congo Free State: Kirunga Volcano, north of Lake Kivu, Gotzen, 48. An insutticiently known species. 17. B. subulugurica, Burkill. Stem glabrous below. Leaves broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate below, and prolonged as a wing on the upper half of the petiole, the margin coarsely dentate or serrate, slightly pilose on both surfaces. Inflorescence Brillantaisia.] XCVIII. ACANTHACEX (BURKILL). 43 panicle with the flowers somewhat crowded on the ends of the lateral branches (the lowermost 1 in. long), covered with a fine pubescence. Calyx-segments glandular-pubescent, linear, the uppermost slightly longer than, and three times as broad as, the lateral. Corolla-tube 3 lin. long, glabrous outside, not narrowing to the throat; lips 1 in. long, the upper sparingly glandular-pubescent, the lower cleft for a quarter of its length into 3 acute teeth. Stamens and staminodes sparingly hairy below. Capsule 14 in. long, finely pubescent, each valve with about 12 seeds. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Makua Country, Namuli Hills, Last / This species and B. ulugurica have in common the broad upper calyx-segment and the large few-seeded capsule. They differ markedly in the length of the corolla-tube. 18. B. ulugurica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 112, Stem about 8 ft. high, glabrous below, pilose above. Upper leaves ovate, sessile, coarsely jagged towards the base, glabrous. Inflorescence with the flowers secund on the smaller branches ; bracts ovate, sessile. Calyx- segments unequal, the uppermost slightly longer than, and three times as broad as, the lateral, all clad with reddish-brown glandular hairs. Corolla-tube 7 lin. long, narrowing upwards, with glandular hairs out- side; lips about 11 in. long, the lower cleft for one-third of its length into 3 acute teeth. Filaments broadened and hairy towards their insertion. Capsule nearly 1} in. long, thickly covered with glandular hairs ; seeds about 12 to each valve. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Ukami; Ulugurn, Stuhlmann, 8850, 9224! 19. B. madagascariensis, 7’. Anders. ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvu. 103. Stem glabrous below, upwards of 8 ft. high. Leaves broadly ovate, acuminate above, and prolonged in a wing down the petiole, with scattered white hairs on either side, nearly entire. Inflorescence a spike; bracts ovate-elliptic, fringed with long hairs. Calyx-seg- ments linear, obtuse, densely covered with glandular hairs. Corolla- tube 5-6 lin. long; lips 8-11 lin. long, the lower very broad (8 lin.), and with three large blunt teeth at the apex, both pilose outside. Staminodes sparingly glandular. Ovary with 8-10 seeds in each cell.—7. spicata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 4. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Lutindi, Holst, 33161 nja, Holst, 4216 ! in fields and clearings, and without precise locality, Buchwald, 252 | Also in Madagascar. 20. B. verruculosa, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 113, Stem about 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acuminate above, and narrowed into the petiole below, glabrous, margins entire or slightly toothed, 4 in. long, 2 in. wide. Inflorescence a spike, hairy; bracts rhomboidal. Calyx- Segments linear, with hairs of 2 forms, long and short, glandular. Corolla-tube 5 lin, long, widening upwards; lips 6 lin. long, white, the ower sparingly glandular. Stamens with hairs at their base. Ovary with 8-10 ovules in each cell, with glandular hairs. Capsule unknown. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Yaunde, in dry places, Zenker & Staudt, 166. The plant has received its name from the warts on the pollen. It and the above appear to be very similar. 44 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [Brillantatsia, Imperfectly-known Species. B. hirsuta, 7’. Anders. in Journ. Agric. Hort. Soc. India, N.S. i. 1868, 267. 8. RUELLIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1077. Calyx (in Tropical African species) divided deeply into five subequal segments. Corolla 4-5} in. long; tube inflated nearly from the base, or linear-cylindric portion 2-3 in. long; not decisively 2-lipped ; lobes contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar; anther-cells 2, not spurred at the base; pollen globose, surface reticulate or honeycombed. Style with one oblong-linear branch, the other suppressed; ovary with 6-16 ovules, glabrous or hairy. Capsule cylindric, perfecting more than 4 seeds. Seeds nearly glabrous on the faces, with much hygroscopic white hair on the margin. Leaves wavy crenate or subentire, not distinctly toothed ; not very unequal at the base, nor those of one pair very un- equal. Flowers axillary, solitary or in small cymes, not running into strobilate spikes. Bracteoles small or large, but not enclosing the calyx. Species 200, in all warm regions. The Tropical African species, with two exceptions, belong so far as known to ic subgenus Dipteracanthus; these are recognised generically at a glance by t te clavate many-seeded capsule ; when no fruit is present, the herbarium examples can usually recognised by the honey-combed pollen ; most of the neighbouring genera have ribbed pollen, * Dipreracantnus. Capsule clavate ; lower portion solid, subcylindric. Seeds imbricated obliquely all near the to p- Corolla 3-2 in. long ; linear portion of tube less than } in. long. Calyx 3-3 in. long, teeth usually acute. Ovary (except tip) glabrous. Calyx 3-3 in. long. Leaves petioled. Leaves 1-14 in. long, ovate, subobtuse . Leaves 2-3 in. long, elliptic, tip triangular acute . Leaves subsessile. Leaves 1-14 in. long, elliptic, sparsely hispid Leaves 1} in. long, oblong, hispid . Leaves less than 4 in, long, ovate, scaly . Ovary (and capsule) hairy nearly or quite to the base. Calyx 4-§ in. long. bho . . BR. patula. . R. pretermissa. 3. R. sudanica. 4. R, lewcoderma. 5. BR. placoidea Leaves 2-3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, hispid . . 6. BR. prostrata. Leaves 2-3 in. long, elliptic, nearly glabrous, lower obtuse . . . . . . . 7 R. genduana. Leaves 2 in. long, 1 in. broad . . . . 8 . R, lineari-bracteo- lata. Corolla very long ; linear portion of the tube 1-3 in. long. Calyx-teeth not acute. Innovations with stellately-tomentose hairs, Corolla- tube 14-2 in. long Plant without stellate hairs. Corolla-tube subcylindric, inflated only close to the top. s© R. discifolia. Reellia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 45 Calyx-segments 5, free nearly to the base. Leaves 34 in. long, ovate, acute, base subcordate 10. R. amabilis. Leaves 2 in. long, ovate, subobtuse . . - 11. RB. megachlamys. Calyx with the 2 anticous segments connate some way up . . . . . . . 12. R. bignoniceflora. Corolla-tube upper half greatly inflated . . . 13. R. Currori, ** Ku-Ruzuura. Capsule oblong-cylindric. Seeds dis- tributed nearly its whole length. Leaves with long white soft hairs . . . . . 14, BR. diversifolia. Leaves closely densely pubescent . . . . . 15. BR. Marlothii. 1. R. patula, Jacq. Misc. Bot. ii. 358. Small shrub, grey pubescent or sparsely hairy. Leaves from 4 by } to 2} by 1} in., ovate or elliptic, obtuse or tip depressed-triangular, suddenly narrowed into a petiole 3-l in. long. Cymes small, axillary; bracteoles 2 or 3 times the length of the calyx, spathulate-oblong, often petioled. Calyx rarely exceeding in. in length, deeply divided ; segments subequal, acute. Corolla up to 14 in. long, purple-blue or white; tube much inflated, linear-cylindric portion } in. long (small examples with corolla ? in. long and small leaves and capsules are common). Ovary glabrous, glandular close to the style-base. Capsule } in. long, clavate.—Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. i, 12, t. 119; Lam. Ill. t. 550; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, 24; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 412; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310, fig. 124, E, F, in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. t. 1, fig. 24, in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C., 368, and in Ann. Istit. bot. Roma vi. [1896] 70. R. prostrata, Lam. Encycl. vi. 349 from descript.; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 282. 2. matutina, Hochst. et Steud. ex Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 94. Dipteracanthus patulus, Nees in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. iii. 82 & in DC. Prod. xi. 126; Wight Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 1505 ; Oersted in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 180, t. 4, figs. 19-21; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Fl. Athiop. 109, 243. D. matutinus, Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 94. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Brass! Nile Land. Nubia: near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 125! 300! 397! Nubian Coast, Bent ! Schweinfurth, 3671! Eritrea: Massowa, Hildebrandt, 725! near Saati, weinfurth & Riva, 284! 318! Keren, Steudner, 1496! Habab, 6000 ft., Hilde- brandt, 452! 161! Kordofan, Kotschy, 1191 1598! Pfund, 317! 424! Abyssinia: Salt ! Ehrenberg! Rohlfs d: Stecker! Schimper, 268! Tigré, 6500 ft.. Schimper, 229! Somaliland: at Adda Galla, Darror, and Harradigit, James & Thrupp! Dobar Weni, and Gooban Plain, Miss E. Cole d: Mrs. Lort Phillips! Abl Mountains, 3250 ft., Rildebrandt, 1403! British East Africa: Madi, Speke & Grant! Tana River, » 90! Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2927 ! Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, 5069! 5121! 5127! 5139! 5186 ! Elephant Bay, Curror, 21! Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Kirk: ! Hildebrandt, 984! 1833! German East Africa ; Tanga, Holst, 2075! British Central Africa: Matabeleland, Hlliott! Ngami- land; Kwebe, Lugard, 45! 49! 68! 2. R. pretermissa, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 15. Leaves up to 3 by 19 in., ovate, tip narrow-triangular subacute, thinly inspersed by cystoliths and a few hairs on both faces; otherwise as &. patula.— Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. 46 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Ruellia. Nile Land. Jur: Gir, Schweinfurth, 2155! Niamniam, Schweinfurth, 3754 ! This species appears very close to R. patula; the more pointed leaves and the absence of grey pubescence give it a different aspect. 3. R. sudanica, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. Petiole 0-}in. long. Bracteoles ligulate, hardly spathulate-elliptic ; otherwise as R. patula.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. 2. ibbensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 15, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. R. patula, var. subvillosa, S. Moore, MS. Duptera- canthus sudanicus, Schweinf. in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, xviii. 679, partly. Wile Land. Abyssinia (ex Lindau). British East Africa: Ukamba; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2727 ! Mozamb. Dist. Kilimanjaro: River Sigi, Volkens, 63! Usambara: Amboni, Holst, 2921 ! 4, R. leucoderma, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 318. Branches white, with many patent simple and gland-tipped hairs. Leaves up to 1} by }in., oblong, subobtuse, hispid, sessile. Bracteoles 4 in. long, linear-oblong. Sepals 4 in. long, nearly free, linear, green, hairy. Corolla ? in. long. Ovary glabrous, except at tip. Nile Land. Somaliland: Abdalla, Keller, 217! 5. R. placoidea. Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 414. Very small herb. Leaves subsessile, ovate, }—? in. long, with round scales bearing tufts of bristles on both faces. Calyx scarcely } in. long, divided half- way down into 5 subequal teeth. Corolla ? in. long. Nile Land. Somaliland: Darro Mountains, Donaldson Smith ! 6. R. prostrata, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 24. Leaves up to 3 by 1} in., elliptic-lanceolate, tip narrow-triangular often subacute. Calyx-teeth 4-} in. long, setaceous. Pollen larger than in R. patula, much more deeply honeycombed. Ovary hairy down to the base. Capsule ? in. long, pubescent all over (till very ripe), other- wise as 2. patula.—C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 411; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 368. R. bignonieflora, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 198, partly. Dipterucanthus prostratus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 81, and in DC, Prod. xi. 124. Nile Land. Abyssinia, Steudner, 1506! Somaliland: Goetton, Miss HE. Cole! British East Africa: Taita, Hildebrandt, 2426 ! Lower Guinea. Angola: Ambriz, Monteiro Loanda, Welwitsch, 5063 partly ! Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; between Sena and Lupata, Kirk! at the foot of Morambala Mountain, Kirk! Lower Shire Valley, Kirk! British Central Africa: Tanganyika Plateau, Carson! Nyasaland: Zomba, Whyte & McClounie ! Mount Sochi, Scott-Elliot, 8548! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 133 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 320 ! The plant is here called 2. prostrata, T. Anders., as it is certainly his plants R. prostrata, Lam., is described with small calyx, and was therefore probably paula, as Beddome takes it. Ruellia. | XCVIII, ACANTHACE (CLARKE). 47 7, R. genduana, C’. B. Clarke. More glabrous and more obtuse- leaved than 2. prostrata. Middle stem-leaves orbicular. Ovary hairy except the stalk ; 3-5 ovules in each cell. Capsule hairy, entirely as of R. prostrata.—R. sudanica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 15, partly. Dipteracanthus genduanus, Schweinf. in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien. Xvili. 680, Wile Land. Gallabat : banks of the River Gendua, Schweinfurth, 131! 132! This species, from its hairy ovary, cannot be united with R. sudanica, unless R. prostrata be united with R. patula, It might, however, be esteemed a var. only of BR. prostrata. 8. R. lineari-bracteolata, Lindaw in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896], 70. Small shrub; branches woody, very slender, white. Leaves 24 by 3 in., linear, with scattered longish white hairs. Flowers solitary ; bracteoles 2, 2 by +4, in. Calyx 4 in. long, divided 2 way down ;. teeth linear, sparsely white-hairy. Corolla 1 in. long. Stamens and pollen of the genus. Ovary with deflexed white hairs to the base ; ovules 4 in each cell. Capsule (fide Lindau) 2 in. long, shortly stalked, white-hairy, perfecting 4 seeds only. Nile Land. Somaliland: Harradigit and Darror, James « Thrupp! River Ganane, Riva, 1152 ! 9. R. discifolia, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1511. Small shrub; innovations densely white-stellate-hairy. Leaves 1 in. in diam., sub-orbic- ular, base truncate, with white stellate tomentum disappearing in age; petiole } in. long. Flowers solitary ; pedicel 0-1 in. long, axillary ; brac- teoles at top of the pedicel, 4 in. in diam., orbicular, petiolulate. Calyx- lobes 5, subequal, 4 in. long, linear, subobtuse, stellate-white-tomentose. Corolla pink, tube 14-2 in. long, about 5, in. in diam. till near top. Stamens and anthers of the genus, pollen honeycombed. Ovary shaggy to the base.—James, Unknown Horn Afr. 321, t. 2; Schweinf. & Volk. Liste Pl, Somalis, 16. Nile Land. Somaliland: Adda Galla, Jumes d: Thrupp! Gooban Plain, Miss E. Cole! Ahi Mountains, 7000 ft., Hildebrandt, 8664 ! Ogaden, Riva, 273! Jerado, Keller, 190 | In the example of Hildebrandt the flowers are sessile in the axils. 10. R. amabilis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 7. Rather thinly hairy with simple (not stellate) hairs. Leaves up to 3} by 2} in., ovate, acute, truncate at the base, thin-textured, undulate-margined, petioles 1-1} in, long, slender. Flowers 3-1, distant, on axillary spikes 2-3 in. long, sessile; bracteoles 1 in. long, linear. Calyx-lobes 5, subequal, exceeding } in. long, linear-ligulate, subobtuse. Corolla-tube 2} by ro in., dilated only at the very top. Stamens, anthers and pollen as of the genus. Ovary covered with discoid glands nearly to the base; ovules 6 in each cell. Capsule 1.in. long, glandular-hairy ; seeds many.— Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 309, fig. 124, A, B, and in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 368. . Nile Land. British East Africa: Taita; Voi River, Hildebrandt, 2480! Tana River, Thomae, 21! « 48 XCVIII, ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [ Ruellia. 11. R. megachlamys, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 134. Branches woody, with scattered simple spreading hairs } in. long. Leaves up to 2 by 14 in., ovate, subobtuse, sparsely hairy, base truncate ; petiole 4 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile; bracteoles 2, Zin. long and broad, ovate, base truncate. Calyx 2 in. long, divided nearly to the base; segments nearly equal, linear-ligulate, obtuse, hairy, one a little larger. Corolia 54 in. long, linear portion of tube 3} in. long. Stamens 4, similar; anthers 4 in. long, not tailed; pollen strongly reticulate. Capsule (not ripe) 4 in. long, obovoid, glabrous, 10-seeded. —Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C., 368. Wile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Hlliot, 6747 ! Taita Mountains, Gregory / 12. R. bignonizefflora, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 198, partly. Hairy, innovations pubescent somewhat viscous. Leaves 2 in. long, ovate, subobtuse. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicels 1 in. long; brac- teoles # in. long, ovate, trunvate-based, sometimes petioled. Calyx ? in. long and more, divided nearly to the base ; segments 5, subequal, linear- ligulate, obtuse, 2 anterior united } in. up, 3 others nearly free. Corolla- tube 4 in. long, linear-cylindric portion of tube 24 in. long. Pollen globose, honeycombed. Capsule more than # in. long, contracted at the base, glabrous, perfecting 6 seeds.—Dischistocalyx bignoniiflorus, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 307. Lower Guinea. Angola: Preira de Zemba, Welwitsch, 5202! Quisendo, Wel- witsch, 5126! Loanda, 0-1000 ft., Welwitsch, 5063! 5130! This is hardly distinguishable from RB. megachlamys. The description (except as to the flowers being sometimes sessile) is taken from S. Moore’s type specimen. Lindau, l.c. 306, attributes to Dischistocalyx echinate pollen, but Welwitsch 5202 has the honeycombed pollen typical of Ruela; the wrong plant must have been ‘sent Lindau. 13. R. Currori, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 24. Branch stout, divided, densely tomentose with very short grey-white hairs. Leaves petioled, ovate, entire, shortly softly hairy. Pedicels 3 in. long. Calyx } in. long, divided to the base into 5 subequal linear-ligulate segments, with many short soft hairs. Corolla 2 in. long (blue, fide T. Anderson); linear-cylindric portion of the tube 3 in. long, upper inflated portion very large. Stamens, anthers and pollen of the genus. —Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. Lower Guinea. Angola: Elephant Bay, Curror, 17! The material is so scanty, and in such poor condition, that I can add little to Anderson’s description except that the stamens and pollen are as of Ruellia. The leaves present are only # in. long, but they are on small lateral shoots ; the plant pro- bably bears very much larger leaves. The pedicels were probably 2-bracteoled at top, 5 throughout this group. Corolla as of R. patula, but much larger. racteoled at top 14. R. diversifolia, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 198. Branches shrubby, with many soft spreading long white hairs. Leaves 14 by 1 in., ovate, subentire, base truncate, tip hardly acute, both faces softly hairy- Cymes close, few-flowered, on axillary peduncle-like branches } in. long, Ruellia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEX (CLARKE). 49 softly hairy ; bract 4 in. long, ovate; bracteoles } in. long, spathulate- oblong. Calyx 3-3} in. long, 5-parted nearly to the base, 2-lipped ; 2 segments of anticous lip narrow oblong obtuse, middle segment of posticous lip twice as broad, elliptic, two innermost segments linear, all segments nearly equal in length. Corolla exceeding 1 in. long; linear- cylindric portion of the tube nearly 4 in. long; lobes 5, subequal, short, contorted in bud. Stamens, anthers, ovary, style, as of the genus; pollen globose, deeply honeycombed. Ovary glabrous except the tip. Capsule } in. long, oblong-cylindric, about 12-seeded; seeds at nearly subequal distances, from the base of the capsule, small, discoid, glabrous on the faces, very shaggy on the margins with hairs that spring out elastically on being wetted. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5033! 5042! A remarkable species, differing in habit and character from any other Old World Ruellia. Lindau (in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301) doubts as to the genus under which it should be placed. 15. R. Marlothii, Hngl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 257 and xix. 151. Branches shrubby, 4-angular, pubescent upwards. Leaves 1 by 3 in, ovate, undulate, subobtuse, both faces stellately softly white hairy, petiole ys—t in. long. Inflorescence few-flowered, axillary, with stellate bairs nearly concealed by numerous long simple few-jointed white hairs ; bract ovate, small. Calyx } in. long, 5-parted nearly to the base, 2-lipped ; segments linear, slightly widened at the obtuse tip, middle segment of posticous lip twice as wide, a little longer than the other segments. Corolla 1 in. long, orange (fide Engler) ; tube inflated from hear the base, curved ; lobes 5, elliptic, subequal. Pistil and stamens of the genus; pollen globose, honeycombed. Capsule } by yz in. parallel-sided, glabrous; 16-seeded from the base.—Lindau in Engl. « Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. Lower Guinea. German South-West Africa: Hereroland ; Usakos, 3000 ft.. Marloth, 1434! Dammaraland ; Swakop, Guerich, 104! 9. ENDOSIPHON, Benth.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1085. Corolla-tube long, linear-cylindric ; upper inflated part linear- cylindric, hardly } in. in diam.; anthers included deep in the corolla- tube.— Leaves in often-unequal pairs, oblique and unequal at the base ; Margin entire. Otherwise as Ruvellia ; inflorescence as in FR. amabilis, S. Moore, and its allies. Species 2, endemic in West Tropical Africa. Calyx-segments 3-1 in. long; _jiin.long . 1. &. primuloides. 1 in. long ; corolla-tube 1-1} in. long i alyX segments 1-1} in. long ; corolla-tube 2 in. long . 2. EB. obliquus. 1. E. primuloides, Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1086. Small Shrub; stems 1-2 ft. high, nearly simple, with spreading hae eaves up to 3} by 1} in., narrow-elliptic, narrowed at both ends, so tly ly hairy, tip acute, margin entire wavy; cystoliths numerous. ‘ . . Z al, one Slender, prominent ; petioles } in. long, base of leaf often unequa ’ VOL. y, Mo.Eest-. Cal agen, 50 XCVIII. ACANTHACE® (CLARKE). [ Endosiphon. side subacute, the other rounded lower down the petiole ; in the upper pair of leaves one often reduced to }-1 in.long. Pedicels 1-1} in. long, solitary, axillary, with spreading hairs; bract 0; bracteoles, 2, sub- opposite 4-1 in. long, linear, placed about } in. below the calyx. Calyx $-1 in. long, divided almost to the base; segments slightly unequal, linear-ligulate, minutely hairy and hispid with long white spreading hairs. Corolla blue(G. Mann); tube 1-14 in. long: limb almost salver- shaped, 1} in. in diam., of 5 subequal roundish lobes contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subequal; anthers long, linear, muticous, glabrous; pollen shallow-honeycombed. Ovary glabrous, 8—12-ovuled.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 308; T. Anders. MS. in herb. Kew (primuleflorus). Upper Guinea, Fernand») Po, 1000 ft., Jann, 571! 2. E. obliquus, (. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 5 by 2 in., rather harsh, cystoliths very large; petals very short, base of leaf very unequal, lower side rounded or subcordate; one leaf of every pair (seen) greatly reduced, }-j in. long. Pedicels 1} in. long, bracteoles longer than in F.. primuloides and farther from calyx. Calyx-segments up to 1} in. long. Corolla purple (Bates); tube 2 in. long; otherwise as H. primu- loides. Lower Guinea. Gaboon Munda; Sibange Farm, Biittner, 357! Soyaux, 395! Como River, Bates, 457 ! Further material may show this to be a form of E. primuloides. 10. MELLERA, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1879, 225. Calyx divided nearly to base; segments 5, subequal, linear-oblong. Corolla 1 in. long, divided half-way down, 2-lipped ; segments contorted in bud, the middle one of anticous lip much broader, ovate-oblong. Stamens 4, subsimilar; anthers 2, all spurred at the base or (in WV. submutica) spur nearly or quite wanting; pollen subglobose, longi- tudinally many-ribbed. Style with one oblong-linear stigmatic arm, the other suppressed; ovary with 4-6 ovules in each cell. Capsule subeylindric, seed-bearing nearly from the base; seeds more than 4 per- fected, glabrous on the faces, with many long white hygroscopic hairs on the edges.—Small shrubs. Leaves toothed. Flowers few in the upper axils, runniag into an apparently bracteated terminal spike. Bracteoles 2, linear-oblong, as long as the calyx. Species 3, confined to Tropical Africa. These plants were placed by Bentham next Paulowilhelmia and Mimulopsis, from which they differ by the 2-lipped corolla with the tube inflated nearly from the base. Because of the 2-lipped corolla, S. Moore and Lindau place the genus near Hygrophila, from which it is remote in habit. Anther-cells all spurred at the base. Inflorescence dense . . . . . . - 1. M. lobulata. Lateral cymes of the panicle loose . . . . » 2. MM. nyassana. Anther-cells nearly muticous at the base . . . . 3. UM. submutica. 1. M. lobulata, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1879, 225, t. 203. Hairy. Leaves 2-35 by 1-2 in., lower up to 8} by 4 in., ovate-lanceolate Mellera. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEZ (CLARKE). 51 acuminate, much toothed, sparingly hairy; petioles J-14 in. long. Inflorescence apparently terminal, up to 4 by 14 in., very hairy, floral leaves passing upwards into bracts 3 in. long, ovate, nearly sessile. Calyx (in fruit) up to 3 in. long, cystoliths obscure or 0. Corolla hairy, middle lobe of anticous lip } by 1 in., transversely marked and with many strong 1-celled down-pointing yellow hairs. Ovary glabrous, with 4 ovules in each cell.—Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 12, in pngl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 297, and in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. Nile Land. East side of Lake Albert Edward Nyanza, Scott-Elliot, 8067 ! Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Usambara, Umba Valley, Smith, Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique (ex Lindau); Morambala Mountain, Waller ! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 791! Manganja Hills, at Magomero, Meller ! Shibisa (Chikwawa) to Tshinmuze, 2000-4000 tt., Kirk, and without precise locality, Buchanan, 796 ! 2. M. nyassana, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 133. Viscid, with many gland-tipped hairs. Leaves 3 by 1} in., elliptic, crenate. Inflorescence 6 by 3 in., lax, of lateral compound cymes ; flowers mostly t in. apart ; bracteoles 1-1} in. long, linear-spathulate. Sepals }-1 in. long, linear-spathulate. Corolla 14 in. long, mouth of tube nearly fin. indiam. Anther-cells long-spurred. Capsule 3 in. long, narrow- oblong, often 12-seeded.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 367. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Fort Hill, 3000-6000 ft., Whyte! Lake Nyasa ; Lukoma (Likoma Island ?), Bellingham ! 3. M. submutica, C. 3B. Clarke. Branches hairy or woolly, finally glabrate. Leaves 34 by 2 in., ovate, toothed, hairy, base often cordate ; petiole 1-24 in. long. Cymes axillary, short, dense, crowded, often running into a quasi-terminal panicle, 6 by 14 in.; bract 3 in. long, obovate ; bracteoles nearly 4 in. long, linear-spathulate. Calyx 3 in. long, divided to the base, hairy ; lobes subequal, linear, spathulate at the tip. Corolla 1 in. long, blue (Buchanan) ; tube gradually dilated upwards ; mouth very oblique, 2-lipped; 2 posticous segments longer, middle anticous segment short, broad, with a few yellow deflexed : Filaments hairy ; anthers hardly apiculate at the base (rarely a ‘ninute spur is seen); pollen globose, many-ribbed. Ovary glandular- hairy towards the top; 5-6 ovules in each cell; style with one linear branch, the other suppressed.—Pseudobarleria Lindaut, Dewévre 1n Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Belg. xxxiii. 104. Mozamb, Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Buchanan, 3! Dewevre, Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte! Nyika Plateau 4000-7000 ft.. Vhyte! Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! Manganja Hills, Meller! Imperfectly known Species. 4. M. parvifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 314. Stem nearly glabrous, hairy at the tip and nodes. Leaves 1 by } in., ovate, narr owed at the base, glabrous, petioled. Flowers in the upper axils capitate ; racteoles lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx } in. long: 52 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). | Mellera, segments united half their length. Corolla-tube 4 in, long; lower lip } in. long, with 3 lobes. Anther-cells spurred at the base. Style hairy. Mozamb. Dist. Nyasaland ; Lufua, Descamps. Lindau says capsule unknown, and does not mention the ovules, but says he has no doubt about the genus of this plant. The corolla appears small for Mellera. 11. PAULOWILHELMIA, Hochst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1079. Calyx deeply divided into 5 subequal linear segments. Corolla 1-3 in. long ; tube linear, or (in sect. Heteradelphia) inflated in the upper part; lobes 5, contorted in the bud, subequal, all to one side in the typical species. Stamens 4, subsimilar; anther-cells 2, not spurred ; pollen long ellipsoid, ribbed lengthwise. Style with one linear-oblong branch, the other very short or 0 ; ovary with 8 or more ovules, glabrous. Capsule cylindric, usually perfecting 6-16 seeds. Seeds nearly glabrous on the faces; margin with very many hygroscopic hairs.—Shrubs. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, irregularly (often coarsely) toothed. Flowers in scorpioid axillary lax cymes, running into a quasl- terminal panicle; bract ovate, deciduous ; bracteoles small or 0. Species 5, endemic in Tropical Africa. * Tyrica. Corolla-tube linear almost to the small mouth ; lobes 5, subreflexed, all on one side. (The 4 species here recorded have been estimated but one by a com- petent botanist.) Capsule seed-bearing from the base, nsually perfecting more than 4 seeds. Calyx segments united 4 the way up. Calyx 4 in. long ; capsule 4-4 in. long . . . 1. P. polysperma. Calyx more than # in. long; capsule 2 in. long . . 2. P. togoensis. Capsmle usually perfecting 4 seeds, contracted at the base. -_ alyx divided nearly to the base, glandular 3. P. Selerochiton. Calyx-segments united } the way up . 4. P. speciosa. ** HeTeRADELPHIA, _Corolla-tube gradually widened upwards into an oblique mouth. Nerves of leaves prominent ; corolla-tube 2 in. long. . . . 5. P. nobilis. 1. P. polysperma, Benth. in Hook: Niger Fl. 479. Stems glabrate. Leaves 2-5 in. long, ovate, truncate or subcordate at the base, irregu- larly toothed or lobed, sparsely pubescent or nearly glabrate ; petioles 1-24 in. long. Cymes 1-2} in. long, lax, divided, subscorpioid ; bract and bracteoles deciduous. Calyx-segments } in. long, united more than } their length, sparsely hispid without, hairy within, cystoliths pro- minent. Corolla purple (Cummins) ; tube 1} in. long, linear, hardly dilated even at the top ; lobes } in. long, elliptic, all on one side, mauve. Capsule $~-% in. long, usually perfecting 8 (or more) seeds from the base.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301. P. glabra, Lindau in Eng). Jahrb. xxii. 115. Poulowilhelmia.] ——-XCVIM1. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 53 Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near the top of Sugarloaf Mountain, Scott-Elliot, 4024! on hills, Powell! and without precise locality, Don! Winwood Reade! Gold Coast, Hasmon! Ashanti: Assin-Yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 181! Volta Basin ; between Bame and Kpeve, Krause! Cameroous: Yaunde, 2500 ft., Zenker & Staudt, The plant from Sugarloaf Mountain has irregular acute lobes 4-4 in. deep towards the base of the leaves ; the Cameroon plact has crenate hardly acutely toothed leaves ; there 1s no difference in hairiness.—Dr, Easmon notes “ Odour celery-like, used to poison fish. 2. P. togoensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 105. Stems stout, viscid-hairy upwards. Calyx exceeding } in. long. Capsule ? in. long, usually perfecting 12-16 seeds ; otherwise as P. polysperma.—Lindau m Engl. & Pranti, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 300. P. speciosa, N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. 1889, vi. 749, fig. 106, exclud. syn., scarcely of Hochst. Upper Guinea. Togoland: Bismarckburg, Kling, 192! Segge Stream, 7300 ft., Bittner, 342 | Lagos, Millen, 4! Yoruba: Ikerim, Jillson! Niger Territory : Cross River, Johnston! The wild specimen collected by H. H. Johnston looks separable from P. polysperma ; but the plant grown at Kew (from seeds taken off H. H. Johnston’s specimen) is much more glabrous, and hardly differs from P. polysperma, but by the rather longer capsule. 3. P. speciosa, Hochst. in Flora 1844, Beibl. 5. Stem quadran - gular, erect, hairy upwards. Leaves long-petioled ; blade 5-6 in. long, ovate, unequally coarsely toothed, nearly glabrous or somewhat hairy beneath. Inflorescence spicate, leafy, with false whorls of many flowers ; flowers sub-sessile on short dichotomous axillary peduncles ; bracteoles 2, very small, deciduous ; pedicels glandular-pubescent. Sepals (in fruit), In. long, linear-oblong, united for $ their length, glandular-pubescent without, white hairy within. Corolla-tube exceeding | in. long, linear. Capsule 3 by +, in., glabrous, 4-6-seeded at the top and with sterile ovules below > Seeds 54, in. in diam., discoid, thin, nearly glabrous on the faces, with hygroscopic hairs on the margin.—Nees in DC, Prod. xi. 208 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 300, fig. 110, H. Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! 4. P. Sclerochiton, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xvii. 105. Calyx scarcely 4 in. long, divided nearly to the base. Corolla-tube 1 in. long. Capsule less than $ in. long, perfecting 4 seeds in the upper part; otherwise as P. polysperma—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 300. Ruellia Sclerochiton, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 7. Eremomastax crossandriflora, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 8, in Engl. © Prantl, Pflanzenf, iv. 3B, 297, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, Upper Guinea, Cameroon Mountains, Jann, 1259 partly ! . . he th Central, Congo Free State: Niamniam ; by the River Assika, Schwein- , 3257! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe ; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 4013. f The corolla in Eremomastax is as in other Panowilhelmias. The picture o emomastax is correct, except that it shows no hairs. 5. P, nobilis, (. B. Clarke. Shrub 4-5 ft. high (@. Mann); branches glabrous or glandular-hairy upwards. Leaves up to 34 by 54 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Paulowilhelmia. 1} in., ovate-lanceolate, crenate-toothed, somewhat pubescent, petiole 1-2 in. long. Cymes axillary, lax, few-flowered. Calyx j in. long, divided nearly to the base, glandular-hairy. Corolla-tube 2} in. long, upper half gradually swollen, curved ; lobes 3 in. long, nearly actino- morphic, subquadrate, obliquely erect, deep mauve. _ Anthers and pollen of genus. Capsule % in. long, cylindric, perfecting 8-12 seeds from the base; seeds discoid, glabrous on the faces, with hygroscopic hairs on the margin.— Heteradelphia Paulowilhelmia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 109, xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 15; in Engl. & Prantl., Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 302, and in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 147. Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, 4000 ft., Mann, 1094! Dolley, 86 ! This plant is made by Lindau the type of a new genus separate from Paulo- wilhelmia by the approximation of the two membranes whence the lateral pairs of stamens spring. The difference in the shape of the corolla would be a stronger reason for separating it generically ; but the enormous differences in size and shape of the corolla in allied genera (as in Ruellia) do not dispose to attributing much weight even to that character. 12. MIMULOPSIS, Schweinf.; Benth et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1080. Calyx divided nearly to the base; segments 5, linear or narrow- ligulate, subsimilar, 2 anticous often rather shorter, posticous rather broader. Corolla about 1 in. long; tube inflated nearly from the base; lobes 5, subequal, ovate, contorted in bud, nearly actinomorphic. Stamens 4, subsimilar; filaments nearly glabrous; anthers of two anticous stamens with one cell long-spurred ; pollen short-ellipsoid, somewhat trigonous, ribbed lengthwise. Style hairy below, with one linear-oblong branch, the other very short or 0; ovary with 6 or more ovules. Capsule lanceolate seed-bearing from the base, usually per- fecting 6 or 8 seeds. Seeds nearly glabrous on faces; margin with very many hygroscopic hairs.—Shrubs. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, irregularly (often coarsely) toothed. Inflorescence a quasi-terminal panicle, lax or dense; bract usually remote from the calyx ; bracteoles 2, linear or ligulate, persistent, shorter than the calyx. Species 10-12, endemic in Tropical Africa and Mascarenia, Differs from Paulowilhelmia by having 2 anther-cells very strongly spurred, the other 6 muticous or obscurely pointed. Cymes open, many pedicels up to 4 in. long. Corolla yellow, Calyx-segments linear-ligulate, acute ; corolla 1 in.long 1. M. Solmsit. Calyx-segments linear, obtuse ; corolla 1fin. long . 2. MM. Thomsoni. Calyx-segments linear, strongly spathulate ; corolla 1 in. long . . . . . . . . . 38. DL. spathulata. Corolla pale-violet ; calyx-segments 1-1} in. long. Leaves ovate; calyx-segments acute . . . . 4. M. violacea. Leaves cordate ; calyx-segments acute . . . 5. DM. sesamoides. Cymes very short, close, pedicels 0-¢ in. Shrubs. - Floral leaves not exceeding the cymes. Leaves 1} in. long, crenate ; ovary closely glandular 6. J/. kilimand- | scharica. Mimulopsis. | XCVIII, ACANTHACE® (CLARKE). 55 Leaves 4 in. long, coarsely toothed ; ovary shaggy . 7. M. runssorica. Floral leaves exceeding the cymes, numerous —. » 8. MM. Elliotii. Tree ; leaf 9 in. long; petiole 8 in. long . . . 9. M. arborescens. 1. M. Solmsii, Schweinf. in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, xviii. 1868, 677. Leaves up to 34 by 14 in., ovate-lanceolate, toothed, sparingly pubescent ; petioles up to 1} in. long. Inflorescence viscid hairy, loosely subtrichotomously cymose; pedicels up to } in. long. Calyx- segments up to ? in. long, linear, acute, nearly glabrous within. Corolla 1 in. long, yellow. Pollen ellipsoid. Ovary glabrous, glandular towards the top, 10-ovulate.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301, and in Engl. Jahrb. xviii, 63, t. 1, fig. 18. Wile Land. Abyssinia: Samen ; Ghaba Valley, Steudner, 1497 ! 2. M. Thomsoni, (. 2B. Clarke. Leaves of the foot-long panicle all much reduced, subsessile, about 2 by } in. long. Calyx-segments, obtuse, sometimes almost spathulate. Corolla 1} in. long ; otherwise as Mt. Solmsii—Epiclastopelma glandulosum, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 114, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 305. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Ukami; Ulugnru Mountains, at Buku- buku, 4800 ft., Stuhlmann, 8781! Lower Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson! between Lake Nyasa and Lake Tanganyika, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson! Twice collected by Thomson with good flowers and frnit, but only a fragment of a lower leaf. Capsule 3 in. long, lanceolate, glabrous, 6-8-sveded. 3. M. spathulata, (. 2. Clarke. Sepals scarcely } in. long, linear, shortly and strongly dilated at the tip, otherwise as J/, Solmsi. Wile Land. British East Africa : Mau, 8000 ft., Scott-/lliot, 6060 ! The above note was taken at Berlin; I cannot find Scott-Elliot’s 6060 in England. 4, M. violacea, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 105. Shrub 12 ft. high (Mann). Leaves up to 7 by 33 in., ovate-lanceolate, toothed, sometimes doubly toothed or irregularly lobed, sparingly pubescent ; petioles 1-3 in. long. Inflorescence viscid-hairy, loosely compound- cymose ; pedicels often } in. long, or (in one panicle only of Mann 2348) much denser with very many flowers and pedicels hardly § in. alyx-segments up to 1 (or even 1}) in. long, linear, acute, nearly glabrous within. Corolla 1 in. long, pale-violet (Lindaw). Ovary with Town glandular scales nearly to the base, and with few or many long white Several-celled hairs at the top or extending nearly to the base. Capsule 2 in. long, lanceolate, minutely hairy, ultimately glabrate, usually perfecting 6-8 seeds.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzent. v. 3B. 301, fig. 121, D-H. Jf. bicalewrata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. “vil. 106, and in Engi. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301, fig. 108, D. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Buea, 3000-7800 ft., Preuss, 814! 1056! Cameroon hiountains, 7000 ft., Mann, 1260! 1965 ! Fernando Po, 7000 ft., Jann, 2348! In ¥. bicalearata the anther of the anticous stamen is said to have hen long: Spurred, the other very short-spurred ; but in the authentic example of Lindau, 56 XCVIII, ACANTHACES (CLARKE), [ Mimulopsis. anthers are exactly as in J/. violacea. Granting that a small spur does exist occasionally, it would not constitute an additional species. 5. M. sesamoides, S. JJoore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 30. Leaves up to 53} by 34 in., coarsely toothed or lobed, base cordate ; petioles 1-3 in. long. Inflorescence viscid-hairy, loosely compound- cymose. Calyx-segments 3-1 in. long, linear-ligulate, not acute. Corolla 1} in. long, perhaps violet (S. Moore). Capsule narrowly-oblong- ovoid, somewhat widened upwards, 6—8-seeded ; otherwise as I. violacea. -—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. )Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Mlanje, Whyte, 89 This dried example differs little from those of M/. violacea, but by the more lobed strongly cordate leaves. As it comes from a different region and the flowers may possibly prove yellow, it is not now united with JZ. violucea. 6. M. kilimandscharica, Lindaw in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 10. Stem 3 ft. high (Lindau), scarcely quadrangular. Leaves up to 14 in. long, margin crenate. Inflorescence 7 by 14 in., of short densecymes 1-2 in. apart. Calyx nearly } in. long, lobes linear-ligulate, subobtuse, closely covered without by many-celled (some gland-tipped) white hairs, within thinly pubescent. Corolla 3 in. long, white (HW. H. Johnston). Ovary glandular, scarcely at all hairy—Lindau in Engi. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301, and in Engl. Pil. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 7000-8500 ft., Volkens, 963 ! 1337! Johnston, 12! 7. M.runssorica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 10. Hairy. Upper leaves 3-5 in. long, broadly-ovate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, base short-cordate ; petioles 14 in. long. Inflorescence up to 5 by 14 in, ¢land-hairy, bracts inconspicuous ; upper part a nearly simple raceme with solitary opposite flowers, lower part with short 1—4-flowered spikes in each axil. Ovary densely shaggy with erect several-celled hairs. Capsule densely hairy; otherwise as M. kilimandscharica.—Lindau in Engl Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. - Ove. Wile Land. Ruwenzori, Stuhlmann, 2424! without locality, Scott-Elliot ! 8. M. Elliotii, C. 2. Clarke. Branches stout, quadrangular, densely reflexed-hairy, afterwards glabrate. Leaves up to 24 in. long, ovate toothed, pubescent ; petioles (seen) hardly 1 in. long. Cymes many, short, compound, several-flowered, forming leafy panicles ; pedicels } in. long. Calyx-segments up to } in. long, linear-ligulate, obtuse, densely hairy without, hairy within (hairs short, mostly 1-celled, none gland- tipped). Corolla 3 in. long. Pollen subglobose. Ovary shaggy. ° Nile Land. British East Africa: Ruwenzori ; Toru Dist., Yeria Valley, 9000 ft.s Scott Elliot, 7867! Wakonjo Dist., Butagu Valley, 10,000-10,500 {t., Scott-/lliot, 8013 ! , The flowering cyme being covered up by the many hardly-reduced leaves gives this species a striking character. ~ Mimulopsis. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 57 9. M. arborescens, C’. B. Clarke. Tree; branches long, straggling (Scott-Elliot) ; leaf 9 by 6 in., cordate ovate-lanceolate, sparingly hairy, irregularly coarsely toothed ; petiole 8} in. long. Panicle-branches 6 by 2 in. ; viscid-hairy at the top; pedicels } in. long; floral leaves 3-1} in. long, elliptic, entire, obtuse, densely glandular-hairy, some- what corolloid, brown-scarious. Calyx-segments 1 by J; in., glandular pubescent. Corolla 1} in. long; segments 5, ovate, subequal, con- torted in bud; tube in lower half cylindric, hardly inflated. Stamens (with ellipsoid pollen) of the genus. Ovary nearly glabrous, 6-ovuled, and style of the genus. Capsule 1} in. long, stalked, glabrous. Nile Land. British East Africa: Ruwenzori; Toru Dist., at Kivata, Scott- Elliot, 7666 ! 13. PHYSACANTHUS, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1085, Calyx long-tubular, 5-angular ; teeth 5, short, triangular-mucronate. Corolla 1-2 in. long ; tube linear, only slightly inflated, jj in. in diam. close to the top; lobes 5, obovate, subequal, contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; connective at top bifid, one branch bearing a muticous cell, the other a linear shaggy rudiment; pollen round-ellipsoid, longi- tudinally 8~-12-ribbed. Style hairy upwards; branches 2, short, unequal, Ovary glabrous; ovules about 4 in each cell. Capsule cylindric or oblong-flattened, perfecting probably more than 4 seeds ; young seeds discoid with processes on the margin.—Stems 8~2+ in. ong, simple, woody, pubescent. Leaves petioled, elliptic, crenate, hairy, Flowers 1-5 in an apparently terminal cluster; bracteoles very small, ._ The examples of G. Mann are excellent ; but, in every ripe capsule opened, there 18 the case of a chrysalis and the seeds are destroyed. The “ processes” on the margins of the young seeds would develop either into tubercles or elastic hairs. pecies 2, endemic in Tropical West Africa. Calyx oblong, in fruit inflated . . . . . . 1. P. inflatus, Calyx in fruit 3 in. broad, cylindric, scarcely inflated . . 2. P. cylindricus. _ iP. inflatus, (. B. Clarke. Stems 1-2 ft. high. Leaves up to Y by 2 in, hirsute, tip triangular, base narrowed ; petiole }—1 in. long. racteoles 1-1 in. long, linear. Calyx (young) 1 in. long, subcylindric, axly hairy, (fruiting) up to 1} by 4 in., glabrate, base truncate; seg- ments Scarcely } in. long. Corolla-tube up to 1} in. Jong ; lobes 3% in. ong, Spreading, mouth of tube shaggy. Style branches oblong, subequal. “psule 1 in. long, cylindric or oblong (as seen injured by grubs). Seeltia batangana, Joh, Braun & K. Schum. in Mittheil. Deutsch eutzg. li. (1889) 173, Lankesteria batangana, Lindau in Engl. Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 311. Haselhoffia leucophthalma, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 305, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 316. Brana er Guinea. Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker, 987! Batanga, Bates, 139 ! Lower Guinea, Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1623 ! . . The pollen will not do to Nodketeia, where Lindau formerly allocated this species. 58 XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [Physacanthus. 2. P. cylindricus, (. 2. Clarke. Stems 3-9in. high. Leaves up to 3 by 1} in., obtuse at the tip; petiole 4-2 in. long, hirsute. Bracts 3-4 in. long, obovate-elliptic, hairy; bracteoles minute. Calyx (young) % by 4 in., hairy, in fruit ? by + in,, a little inflated, glabrate. Corolla white (J/ann); tube 1 in. long; lobes } in. long. Style with one branch longer, subspathulate. Capsule 4 in. long, cylindric. Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1669! 1670! 14. HEMIGRAPHIS, Nees; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1086. Sepals 5, nearly separate, subequal, linear. Corolla 4-4 in. long (in African species), not 2-lipped ; tube nearly linear-cylindric; segments much shorter, 5, subequal, contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anther-cells 2, short elliptic, muticous; pollen globose, subtrigonous, many-ribbed. Style with one branch suppressed ; ovary hairy, with 8 cr more ovules. Capsule cylindric, seed-bearing from the base, usually perfecting 6-12 seeds; retinacula rather stout, pointed, falcate ; seeds with hygroscopic hairs.— Leaves entire or scarcely crenate. Flowers in small axillary clusters, approximated into quasi-terminal spikes ; bract ovate or oblong; bracteoles 0. Species 20, mostly in India and Malaya, 3 in Africa. Leaves scarcely } in. long, elliptic to oblong. _ Spikes 2-4 in. long, many-flowered . . 1. H. abyssinica. Spikes 1-2 in. long, few-flowered . . . . . 2, H, tenera. . Leaves 2 in. long, lanceolate 3. H. Schweinfurthi. 1. Hl. abyssinica, (. B. Clarke, Pubescent, wiry ; branches 4-12 in. long. Leaves % by }~} in., elliptic, entire, subsessile. Spikes 2-4 by 4 in.; bract } in. long, elliptic or oblong. Sepals } in. long, linear, hairy. Corolla hardly exceeding } in. long, not at all2-lipped. Stamens 4; anthers 2-celled (1 cell occasionally imperfect): pollen of the genus. Capsule } in. long, narrowly oblong.—Polyechma abyssinicum, Nees 10 DC. Prod. xi. 83; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii, 141. Hygrophila abyssinica, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Cardanthera just- cioides, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 6. Wile Land. Sennar, Kotschy, 293! White Nile, at El Ehs, Schweinfurth, 972! Abyssinia, Schimper ! 2. H. tenera, (. 4. Clarke. Pubescent; branches 8 in. long. Leaves } by }-1 in., elliptic obtuse, nearly entire, subsessile. Spike } in. long; flowers 1-2 in each axil; bract 4 in. long, oblong. Sepals 5 in. long, linear-oblong, sparsely hairy. Corolla } in. long, not 2-lipped. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells short, muticous; pollen of the genus. Capsule } in. long, narrowly oblong, 8-10-seeded, seed-bearing from the base.— Dyschoriste tenera, Lindau in Eng). Jahrb. xxii. 116. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Antunes, 132! 308! 3. H. Schweinfurthii, (. 4. Clarke. Pubescent, especially the inflorescence. Stems 6-11 in. high, erect. Leaves up to 21 by 4-4 1n.y lanceolate, tapering at either end, entire. Flowers in dense axillary and quasi-terminal heads, } in. in diam. ; bracts 4-1} in. long, oblong: Hemigraphis.] XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 59 anthers small, 2-celled; cells semi-circular, muticous; pollen globose, trigonous, 15-ribbed, 3-pored. Capsule } in. long, oblong-lanceolate, hairy, 10-12-seeded ; retinacula strong, curved ; seeds with hygroscopic hairs.— Cardanthera africana, var. Schweinfurthti, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 7. , Mile Land. Bongo: by the River Sabbi, Scheveinfurth, 2708! Mittu: at the River Roa, Schweinfurth, 2764! at the River Uohko, Schereinfurth, 2799! 15. RUELLIOPSIS, C. B. Clarke. Calyx deeply divided ; segments 5, linear, unequal. Corolla 1-1} in. long, not 2-lipped ; tube funnel-shaped for 2 its length; segments 5, subequal, round, contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel, spurred in the type species; pollen globose, smooth, many- (12-) ribbed. Ovary with 4 ovules in each cell; style hairy, with one linear, one suppressed, stigmatic branch. Capsule cylindric, 8seeded from the base ; seeds hygroscopically hairy on the margin. —Small shrubs. Leaves linear, entire. Flowers solitary, axillary ; bracteoles linear, shorter than the calyx. . Species 1 extending to South Africa, with 1 other doubtfully referred here. Anther-cells tailed. . . . . . . 1. &, setesa Anther-cells not tailed . . . . . . 2. R. mutica 1. R. setosa, (. B. Clarke. Root woody ; branches 15 in. long, trailing, hispid. Leaves up to 24 by } in., obtuse, hispid with long Scattered white hairs, Calyx 2-3 in. long. Corolla 1} in. long, bright or pale blue; tube more than 3 in. long. Anther-cells tailed. Capsule in. long, glabrate, with 8 silky-white seeds.—Calophanes setosus, ees in DC. Prod. xi. 112 ; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 24. 290 Moab Dist. North Kalahari Desert: near Chukutsa Salt-pan, Lugard, near T’Klakane Pits, Lugard, 245! The 8 seeds take this species out of Dyschoriste. Also in South Africa. 2. R, mutica, ('. B. Clarke. Minutely white-bristly, mostly glabrate. Leaves up to 2 by lin,, mostly glabrate. Flowers solitary ; bracteoles far, shorter than calyx. Calyx } in. long or rather more, divided hearly to the base : segments 5, linear, unequal, with scattered minute white bristles. Corolla exceeding I in. long. Stamens 4 ; anther-cells not tailed ; pollen globose, smooth, many-ribbed. Style glabrous, with linear-oblong branch ; ovary glandular near the top, with 6 imbricated ovules in each cell. - Tropical Africa (2) South African Goldfields, Baines / li This plant differs from the trpe FR. setosa in the anthers, the cells of which ave sightly Unequal, divaricated in the lower half and muticous : it differs from Hygrop I it the corulla which is altogether as of Ruellia, and from Ruellia, in the pollen. #0 i; nical characters, it is a Hemigraphis. t is very possible that Calophanes hyssopr- ous, Nees (recorded below at the end of Dyschoriste), may be allied. 60 XCVIH. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE) [ Distichocalyx. 16. DISTICHOCALYX, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1080. Calyx anticous 2 segments free to the base, posticous 3 united more than ? their length (only } their length in D. thunbergiiflorus). Corolla — large or medium ; tube inflated in upper half; lobes 5, subequal, round, contorted in bud. Stamens 4; filaments nearly glabrous, gland-bearing near the top; anthers all alike, not spurred; pollen globose, echinate. Style nearly glabrous, 1 stigmatic branch large spathulate, the other obsolete; ovary narrowly oblong, glabrous, with at least + (usually 6-8) ovules in each cell. Capsule linear-cylindric, small, slender, many- seeded (usually perfecting 10-14 seeds where known) from the base; but in D. thunbergitflorus (though similarly constructed) much larger. Seeds having the faces glabrous, the margins with many white hygro- scopic hairs.—Small shrubs, bearing cystoliths everywhere, sparingly hairy (D. hirsuta moderately hairy). Leaves petioled, entire. Flowers purple-blue or white, 3-16 in a terminal spike or head, elongated and loose in R. thunbergiiflorus ; bract close to the calyx, ovate or elliptic, about as long as the calyx ; bracteoles very small, oblong. Species 8, endemic in Tropical Africa. T. Anderson founded in MS. his genus Dischistocalyx in herb. Kew on six of the species below ; he diagnosed the genus from Ruellia entirely by the calyx, and there fore he described as Ruellia thunbergiiflora the eighth species below, as it has the calyx divided for 3 its length, often irregularly or sometimes subequally 5-partite nearly to the base. Bentham published the genus as Distichocalya (in Benth. & Hook. . Gen. PI. ii. 1080), aking an error in the name and widening the calyx-character to inclnde Ruellia thunbergiiflora. Dischistocalyx Lindau (in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 307) does not contain any one of the 7 species included by Bentham; it has equal calyx- segments, and is stated to have 10 or 12 seeds in each cell, but the two species which Lindau really possessed, viz. bis Dischistocalyx laxiflorus, and D..confertiflorus, have only 2 ovules to each cell of the ovary, and are closely congeneric with Pseudostenos? phonium rhamnifolium, Lindau. The first six species of Distichocalyx below descri are so intimately allied that the essential part of the description of all is included in the above generic description ; it is remarkable that Bentham should have brought Ruellia thunbergiifiora here in the teeth of T. Anderson’s generic characters (which make it # fuellia) ; his instinct has been confirmed by the discovery that this species has the pollen of Distichocalyx—not of Ruéilia. Calyx 2 anticous lobes free, 3 posticous united nearly to the top. Inflorescence dense. Capsule and seeds very small. Corolla 14-2 in. long. Leaves less than 2 in. broad. Stem glabrous or nearly so. Leaves narrow-lanceolate ; corolla 1} in. Jong . 1. D. angustifolius. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate ; corolla 2 in. long . 2 Dz polyneurus. Stem and leaves thinly shaggy . . 3. D, hirsutus. Leaves 4} in. broad ; corolla 1g in. long. . . AD. Corolla about 1 in. long, rather slender. Leaves up to 4-7 in. long. Leaves 7 in. long ; spike strobilate . . . 5. D. strobilinus. Leaves 4 in. Jong ; head small, ovoid . . 6. D. capitellatus. Leaves up to 14 in. long; head of 2-4 flowers. . 7. Dz brevifolius. Calyx divided 3 the way to the base. Spike elongate loose. . Capsule and seeds medium-sized . . . . & Dz thn ber gy grandifolius. Distichocaly-x. | XCVIII, ACANTHACE® (CLARKE). 61 1. D. angustifolius, (. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 5$ by 1 in., tapering at both ends, main nerves } in. apart; petiole $-lin. long. Flowers 5-10, in a close head; bract ? in. long, elliptic, oblong. Calyx ? in. long, nearly glabrous; teeth of 3 posticous lobes triangular, acute, less than } in. long. Corolla 14 in. long, purple when dry ; upper half of tube 4-3 in. in diam. Lower Guinea. Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1668! Mfoa, Bates, 534! In the note to Distichocalyx (in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1081), Bentham observes that his D. thunbergiiflorus has the 3 posticous calyx-segments sometimes, not always, connate. The true D. thunbergiiflorus has the 5 calyx-segments free to the base, the present plant (mixed former! y with D. thunbergiiflorus) is the ground for the above note. But Bentham subsequently noted on G. Mann’s, 1668, “I think different from thunbergiiflorus””—he forgot (or it was too late) to correct the remark in Gen. Pl. 2. D. polyneurus, (. B. Clarke. Very sparingly hairy. Leaves up to 53 by 12 in., acute at both ends; main nerves 4-} in. apart, beneath very prominent ; petiole 4-$ in. long, hirsute. Flowers 5-10 in an ovoid head ; bract 3 in. long, elliptic. Calyx } in. long or more; teeth of 3 posticous lobes triangular, acute, $ in. long. orella 2 in. long, purple when dry; upper half of tube }-} in. in m. Lower Guinea. (iaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1667 ! 8. D. hirsutus, C. B. Clarke. Stem 2 ft. high, shaggy with brown ur, Leaves up to 41 by 2 in., shortly acuminate at both ends, shaggy With brown hairs obscuring cystoliths on both surfaces; main nerves in. apart, not conspicuous beneath. Bracts and calyx shaggy with brown hairs, Corolla light purple (Bates) ; otherwise as D. polyneuros. Lower Guinea. Spanish Gaboon: Mount John, River Kongui, Mann, 1874! boon: Mfoa, Bates, 521! mane brown shaggy hairs sometimes on the petioles of D. polyneurus suggest the ility that the present species may be a variety of it. The close, parallel, very “ong, Main nerves of the leaves in D. polyneurus are, however, not seen here. 4. D. grandifolius, (. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 7 by 4} in, ; petiole 1 in. long. Spike 3 by 1 in., strobilate ; bracts ¥ by 1. purple (Bates). Calyx 3 in. long, nearly glabrous; 3 posticous (aried), united for } their length. Corolla 13 in. long, blueish purple 1€q). Lower Guinea, Gaboon: Mfoa, Bates, 511! 5. D. Strobilinus, (. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 7 by 3} in., shortly acuminate at either end ; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers Up to 15 in a continuous spike 1} by 4 in.; bracts % in. long, broadly elliptic, covering the calyx; bracteoles } in. long, oblong. Calyx 4 a ong, or rather more; teeth of 3 posticous segments triangular, Ys~10 10. ong. Corolla 1 in, long, white (Mann, Bates), upper part of tube widening, hardly } in. in diam. Capsule } by +’ in. Lower Guinea, aboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1673! Mfoa, Bates, 507! _ 6. D. capitellatus, (. B. Clarke. Very sparsely hairy ; stem 1 ft. high. Leaves up to 4 by 1} in., acuminate at both ends, very thin 1u 62 XCVIII, ACANTHACE£ (CLARKE). | Distichocalyx. texture; petiole }? in. long. Heads # in. long, ovoid, 2—9-flowered ; bract } in. long, ovate. Calyx 3 in. long, or rather more; otherwise as D. strobilinus.—Dischistocalyx sp., Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 68, t. 1, fig. 26. Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Corisco Bay, J/ann, 1863 ! With only one collection of each number, it is difficult to guess whether the present is “specifically ” distinct from D. strobilinus. T. Anderson and Bentham took it to be so. 7. D. brevifolius, (. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous, “ herbaceous, 2 feet” (Mann). Leaves 14} by ? in., acuminate at either end, tip obtuse, base produced nearly to the foot of the petiole, somewhat leathery. Heads of 2-4 flowers only. Calyx exceeding 4 in. long. Corolla light blue (Mann). Flowers, pistil, stamens, pollen, as of the last 2 species. Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1665 ! This, though very closely allied to the preceding two species, appears distinct from either. 8. D. thunbergiiflorus, Benth. in Benth.d: Hook.f. Gen. Pl.ii.1081. Glabrous (calyx-tips microscopically pubescent). Stem 4-20 ft. high (Mann). Leaves up to 6 by 2 in., acuminate at either end, cystoliths many prominent; petiole $-1} in. long. Spikes terminal, elongating in fruit up to 3 in., 4-10-flowered, lower flowers solitary, opposite, }-+ in. from the succeeding pair ; bract 3-1 in. long, elliptic, deciduous; bracteoles hardly } in. long, narrow-oblong. Calyx-lobes 5, ? in. long, nearly equal, linear-lanceolate ; the 3 posticous sometimes connate even in fruit } their length, sometimes free even in the bud nearly to their base. Corolla 2 in. long, upper 3 of the tube much inflated, }—3 in. in diam., curved ; lobes } in., round, violet-purple. Filaments glabrous, with glands near the top; pollen globose, echinate. Ovary and style glabrous ; style-branches one obsolete, one broad ovate-oblong. Capsule ¢ by 4-5 in., subcylindric, about 16-seeded, seed-bearing from the base; seeds ;', in. in diam.—Ruellia thunbergieflora, T. Anders. i Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 24; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. Upper Guinea. [Fernando Po, 1300-2000 ft., Mann, 316! 1446! 17. ACANTHOPALE, C. B. Clarke. Calyx divided nearly to the base; segments 5, subequal, narrow- oblong or linear. Corolla 1-1} in. long; tube dilated nearly from the base, funnel-shaped; lobes 5, short, subequal, contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar; anther-cells 2, linear-oblong, parallel, at equal height, glabrous, base rounded ; pollen globose, echinate. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell; style hairy, one branch linear-oblong, the other minute or 0. Capsule broad-oblong, contracted, solid at the base ; seeds with many hygroscopic hairs.—Shrubs. Leaves entire, more or less crenate, becoming nearly glabrous in age. Inflorescence lax or dense. Acanthopale. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 63 mostly on short axillary branches; bract as long as the calyx, oblong or obovate, green; bracteoles shorter than the calyx, oblong. Species 7 in Tropical Africa, 1 in Madagascar, 1 (at least) in South India. This genus comprises the African Strobilanthes of the Genera Plantarum. The species of Strobilanthes, alone retained in that genus by Lindau, have ribbed pollen. Acanthopale is Dischistocalyx, Lindau (not of Anderson nor Jistichocalyx, Benth.), and also comprises Pseudostenosiphonium gardnerianum, Lindau. The genera carved out of Strobilanthes on the pollen-character are articificial ; the few African species of Strobilanthes go, however, well together. Psewdostenosiphonium of Lindau differs by having only 2 stamens. Inflorescence lax ; flowers (other than the subterminal) solitary. Nearly (including bracts and calyx) glabrous. Leaves more than 3 in. long. Racemes lax ; filaments hairy . . . . 1. A, laxiflora, Racemes closer ; filaments glabrous . . . 2, A. decempedalis. Leaves hardly 14 in. long. Flowers all axillary, ; scattered . . . . . . . 3. A. azaleoides. Innovations hispid. Mature leaves nearly glabrate . . . . . 4, A. albosetulosa, Mature leaves hairy on both faces . 5. A, pubescens. Flowers crowded. (Leaves up to 8-9 in. long.) . Heads of flowers on short axillary branches, hispid . 6. 4. conferti flora. Spikes terminal, dense, nearly glabrous . . . 7. A. Buchholzir. 1. A, laxiflora, (. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves 8 by 2 in., tapering caudate at both ends, crenate; petiole up to 1} in. long. mes axillary, 2-3 in. long, with few distant flowers ; bract 3 in. long, oblong ; bracteoles } in. long, oblong. Calyx-segments } in. long, oblong; corolla-tube 3 in. long, funnel-shaped nearly from the base. ‘aments very hairy; anthers glabrous, rounded at the base. Style hairy.—Dischistocalys laxiflorus, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 13, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv, 3B, 307, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Upper Guinea, Cameroons: Buea, 3900 ft., Preuss, 947 ! 0b Dist. German East Africa; Usambara; in Magamba Forest, Holst, 2. A, decempedalis, (. B. Clarke. Shrub 10-12 ft. high (ann). wes 7 by 2} in., tapering acute at both ends, sparsely hairy, crenate ; petiole up to # in, long. Racemes axillary, 1} in. long, 2-4-flowered ; Tact } in, long, spathulate-oblong ; bracteoles and calyx-segments } in. long, oblong, nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube 3 in. long, funnel-shaped nearly from the base. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells glabrous, rounded at the base. Style hairy, with one linear-oblong branch ; cells t the ovary 2-ovulate. Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 7000 ft., Mann, 2347! 3747! 3. A. azaleoides, (’. B. Clarke. A nearly glabrous, azalea-like bush (H. ‘ Johnston). Leaves up to 1} by $ in., obscurely crenate, Up obtuse, base tapering; petiole hardly any. Flowers scattered, axillary, Solitary ; bract 4-1] in. long, obovate; bracteoles } in. long, narrow- ong. Calyx-segments } in. long, narrow-oblong, minutely pubescent. orolla white (H. H. Johnston); tube % in. long, funnel-shaped nearly 64 XCVII, ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [ Acanthopale. from the base. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells glabrous, rounded at the base. Style hairy, with one linear-oblong branch ; cells of the ovary 2-ovulate.—Strobilanthes sp. nova, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii, 345. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000-7000 ft., Johnston, 12! 4. A. albosetulosa, (. 2. Clarke. Innovations and bracts with white bristly hairs. Leaves up to 54 by 1 in. (only upper seen) long, tapering at the base, nearly glabrate; cystoliths small, prominent on both surfaces; petiole 1-14 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, those near the end of branchlets approximate; bract } by + in., spathulate- obovate ; bracteoles } in. long, linear-oblong, slightly widened at the top. Sepals 5, 14 in. long, subequal, linear-lanceolate, minutely scabrous. Corolla 14 in. long ; tube funnel-shaped nearly from the base. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells glabrous, rounded at the base, slightly glandular on the back. Style hairy, with one linear-oblong branch; ovary glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Masuku Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Whyte! 5. A. pubescens, (. B. Clarke. Branches, leaves on both surfaces, and inflorescence hairy. Leaves 3 by 1 in., entire acuminate, decurrent at the base; petiole }-1 in. long. Flowers 1-3 on small axillary branches, with reduced floral leaves (or bracts) $1 in. long, spathulate. Calyx } in. long, divided to the base ; sepals equal, very narrowly oblong, hairy. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, widely funnel-shaped from the base; mouth subequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4; anthers similar, 2-celled ; cells parallel, oblong, muticous ; pollen strongly echinate ; filaments slightly hairy. Style hairy; stigma of one branch.—Dischistocalyx pubescens, Lindau ex Engl. in Gétzen, Durch Africa, Sonderabdr. 9. South Central. Congo Free State: in forest on Kirunga Volcano, north of Lake Kivu, 8000 ft., Gétzen, 58 ! Strobilanthes madagascariensis, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 220, is very close to (if not identical with) this. 6. A.confertiflora, (. B. Clarke. Thinly hairy. Leaves up to 9 by 4 in., suddenly narrowed at both ends, acuminate, obscurely crenulate; petiole 1 in. long. Heads of flowers 1-14 in. in diam., subglobose, axillary and on short axillary branches; bract % in. long, obovate F bracteoles 4 in. long, oblong. Calyx } in. long; segments lineat- lanceolate, hairy. Corolla-tube 3 in. long, funnel-shaped nearly from the base. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells glabrous, rounded at the base. Style hairy.—Dischistocalyx confertiflorus, Lindau in Engl. J abrb. xx. 13, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 307, and in Engl. Pe. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Wile Land. British East Africa: Upper Ituri River, 3400 ft., Stuhlmann, 2687 Mozamb. Dist. Nyasaland, Buchanan, 22! 7. A. Buchholzii, C.B. Clarke. Shrub. Leaves up to 8 by 24 iD, acute at either end, crenulate, nearly glabrous; petiole 4-14 in. long: Acanthopale. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 65 Spikes terminal, 2} by 1 in., dense, 6-16-flowered, nearly glabrous ; bracts }—3 in. long, elliptic. Sepals 5, equal, }~4 in. long, linear-oblong, minutely sparsely setose. Corolla 1 in. long or more. Stamens 4, sub- similar; anther-cells 2, parallel, long, rounded at the base; pollen strongly echinate. Ovary glabrous.—Dischistocalyx Buchholzii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 14, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 307, Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Buchholz! 18.. WHITFIELDIA, Hook.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1085. _ Calyx divided nearly to the base, longer than the bracteoles, petaloid in texture, softly hairy ; segments 5, subequal, narrow-oblong. Corolla large ; tube linear and very long, or shorter and dilated nearly from the base; lobes 5, subequal, contorted in bud, subequal. Stamens 4,subsimilar; anthers linear-oblong, muticous; pollen globose, nearly smooth (with minute tubercles) ; stopples 2. Ovary glabrous, 2 ovules in each cell ; style articulated close above the ovary and more or less widened at the » or continuous at base and ovary-top tapering into it; stigma capi- tate, obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule stalked, 2- or 4-seeded, glabrous ; seeds discoid, without hairs, nearly smooth.—Shrubs, 2-20 ft. high, nearly glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves elliptic, acuminate at both ends, petioled, margins entire. Inflorescence terminal, simple or Tanched, racemose or spicate or more or lesspanicled ; flowers pedicelled (usually $-} in.) above the bract; bract large or small, ovate or linear, often caducous ; bracteoles large, ovate, membranous or subcorolloid. Species 9, endemic, The articulation at the base of the style is a remarkable character in the nthace@, and Baillon hastened to found his genus Stylarthropus thereon, without Les the two old species of W hitfieldia, which also have this articulation. nindan, following, leaves the two old Whitfieldias in that genus, and creates two ew species of Stylarthropus which do not possess the articulation. Linear part of corolla-tube 1-2 in. long. racteoles glabrous, Bract green persistent; corolla glandular 1. W. elongata, Bract caducons; corolla finely hairy 2. W. perglabra, ° Bracteoles viscid-hairy, Leaves closely dotted on the upper surface 3. W. longifolia.’ ves not or very obscurely dotted. —— Bract caducous ; panicle open . 4, W. subviridise . Bract large, green ; flowers spicatc . 5. W. tanganyikensis. ear part of corolla-tube 4} in. long. Bracts 4.2 in, long, linear. . Bracteoles pubescent . 6. W. lateritia, Bracteoles scarcely puberulous 7. W. Preussii. 8. W. Brazzer. prrncteoles glabrous ; . cts 2-3 in } ao i lat 2-3 - ones lanceolate ; innovations stellate- 9. W. Stuhlmanni, VOL. y, re F 66 XCVIII, ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). | Whitfieldia, 1. W. elongata, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous except the calyx. Upper leaves up to 8 by 3 in., closely dotted on the upper face ; petiole 1 in, long. Racemes 1-3, simple, 2-5 in. long; bracts } in. long, elliptic-acuminate, green, subpersistent ; pedicel 0-} in. long. Linear part of corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes glandular, without fine white hairs, greenish-white (Vogel), figured light-blue by Beauvois. Stamens glabrous, connective glandular. Style glabrous, articulated on the ovary.—W. longifolia, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii, 27 in small part. Ruellia elongata, Beauv. FI. Owar. i. 45, t. 26. Dipteracanthus elongatus, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 140; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478. Upper Guinea. Oware, Beauvois! Fernando Po, Vogel, 187, 242! _ 2. W. perglabra, C. 2. Clarke. Nearly glabrous except the calyx. Upper leaves 6 by 14 in., closely dotted on the upper surface ; petiole Lin. long. Raceme 2} in. in diam., lower branches divided ; bracteoles up to } in. long, elliptic-lanceolate acute. Corolla-tube and lobes without glands, nearly glabrous.—Stylarthropus tenuiflora, Baill.? in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. [1890], 823; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iv. 3B. 306. Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann! This has been named W, longifolia, by T. Anderson, and also numbered as 198, which is W. subviridis, but not by G. Mann, Stylarthropus tenuiflora, Paill. in Bull. Soc, Linn. Paris, ii, [1890], 823, which is very imperfectly described, may be this plant, 3. W. longifolia, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 27, partly. Shrub 8 ft. high (Barter). Upper leaves up to 6—8 by 2-3 in., closely dotted on the upper face; petiole 0-4 in. long. Racemes 1~3, simple, pubescent ; bracts small, caducous. Calyx }~1 in. long. Corolla white; linear part of the tube 1-1} in. long ; lobes soft with fine white hairs, no glands, Style articulated on the ovary. Capsule 1} in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk half the length of the capsule; seeds } in. in diam. smooth, glabrous.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 306. W. longiflora, S, Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229; Lindau in Engl. PAl. Ost-Afr. C. 367 partly. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker, 69! and without precise locality, Zenker, 7598! Fernando Po, Barter, 2069! Lower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch,5086! 5152! 5153! 5193! Mechow, 156! Wile Land. British East Africa: Sesse Islands, in Lake Victoria Nyanza, Stuhlmann, 1213! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 1021! Usambara ; Lutindi, Holst, 3297! Gonja, Holst, 4266! 4, W. subviridis, C. B. Clarke. Shrub, up to 20 ft. high (Mann). Leaves up to 10 by 44 in., usually smaller, not or remotely and obscurely dotted on the upper face; petiole 4-1} in. long. Inflorescence loosely or densely paniculate, pubescent; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles —} in. long, elliptic, acute. Calyx 1-1} in, long. Linear part of corolla-tube 14-2 in. long; lobes with some fine white hairs. Style Whitfieldia. | XCVIIT, ACANTHACE (CLARKE). 67 articulated on the ovary; otherwise as W. longifolia.—W. longifolia, 'l. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. vii. 27 partly. W. longiflora, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229 partly. Upper Guinea. Lagos, Millen, 141! 181! 195! Old Calabar, Rodd! Cameroons; Yaunde, Zenker, 547! Fernando Po, Mann, 198! Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Lisha, 3000 ft., Hens, 343! Angola: Golungo Alto; Rio de Capopa, Welwitsch, 5151! Wile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Wakefield ! 5. W. tanganyikensis, ('. 3B. Clarke. Upper leaves 5 by 2 in.; petiole up to } in. long. Inflorescence of 3—1 spikes, each 4—5 in. long, viscid-pubescent; bracts large, some 1 in. long resembling leaves, persistent; bracteoles up to ? in. long, acute, greenish, pubescent, Flowers as of W. subviridis. Wile Land. British East Africa: Buddu, Scott-Elliot, 7528! Mozamb, Dist. Tanganyika Plateau, Carson, 22! 6. W. lateritia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4155. Shrub 1-10 ft. high. Upper leaves up to 7 by 2 in. ; petiole }-? in. long. Raceme terminal, simple, 2-4 in. long, pubescent; bracts }-} in. long, linear, deciduous ; lower pedicels }-} in. long, pubescent. Corolla red; tube 1 in. long, inflated, narrow-campanulate from near the base. Stamens glabrous. Style glabrous, articulated on the ovary.—Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 221; Benth, in Hook. Niger Fl. 480; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 27; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 306, fig. 110, A. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Lumbaraya, Scott-Elliot, 4933! and without Precise locality, Scott-Elliot, 3976! Winwood Reade! Whitfield ! Afzelius! 7. W. Preussii, (. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous, except the calyx. Upper leaves 7 by 2} in.; petiole 4-1 in. long. Inflorescence 7 by j in., raceme with 2 pedicels up to }in. long from a few lower axils (i.e., Panicle nearly reduced to a raceme); bracts $-} in. long, linear. Calyx ; in. long, microscopically pubescent. Corolla yellow (Zindav) ; tube In, long, inflated nearly from the base. Anther-cells hairy. Style airy; ovary conical at the top, passing continuously into the style.— Stylarthropus Preussii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 12, and in Engl. & ntl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 306, fig. 125, A-C. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Barombi, Preuss, 516! 8. W. Brazzei, C. B. Clarke. Glabrous, except the corolla and calyx. Leaf 4 by 1 in., attenuate at each end, willow-like ; petiole } in. ong. Panicle with solitary flowers ; bracts ;'; in. long, linear ; bracteoles z In. long, broad-elliptic, subobtuse, whitish. Sepals 4 in. long, linear- oblong, Sparingly viscous-pubescent. Corolla-tube ? in, long, inflated nearly from the base. Capsule (from Thollon’s specimen) } in. long, gnbrous, stalked, 2-seeded ; seeds discoid, glabrous, nearly smooth.— ‘Wlarthropus Brazzei and 8. Tholloni, Baill. in Bull. Linn. Soe. Paris, + [1890], 823; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 306, ane'in Engl. Jahrb, xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 20. ae 68 XCVIII, ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). | Whitfieldia. Lower Guinea. French Congo: Bateke Dist. ; in the woods of Osika, Brazza, 165! near Brazzaville on the Lower Congo, Thollon, 210°! 9. W. Stuhlmanni, (. B. Clarke. Innovations with stellate hairs. Leaves 5 by 13 in., soon glabrate, except the midrib beneath; petiole up to 3 in. long. Racemes terminal, short, few-flowered ; bracts }—] in. long, lanceolate, green; bracteoles 4 in. long, round-elliptic, short, acuminate, whitish. Calyx 3-1 in. long; segments 5, linear-ligulate, glandular-hairy. Corolla purple-violet (Lindau); tube }-1 in. long, inflated in its upper half. Anther-cells in upper half with very long 1-celled white hairs. Style sparsely hairy; ovary conical at the top, passing continuously into the style-—Stylarthropus Stuhlmanni, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 11, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B, 306, and in Eng). Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. . South Central. Congo Free State: Isango River, Stuhlmann, 2963! Lualaba River, Pogge, 1144! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 2396 ! Usambara, Holst, 2673! 3297! Heinsen, 17! Imperfectly known species. 10. W. Laurentii, (. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 8 by 4 in., ovate, acuminate at either end, glabrous. Panicle compounded of racemes; bracts } in. long, filiform ; bracteoles 4 in. long, ovate, glabrous. Sepals % in. long, glutinous-pubescent. Corolla-tube 14 in. long; lobes { in. long.—Stylarthropus Laurentii, Lindau in Eng). Jahrb. xxiv. 317 ; Wild. & Dur. Ill. Fl. Congo, i. t. 32, p. 65, sub t. 33 and p. 64, “ explication,” sub t. 32. South Central. Congo Free State: Upper Congo at Stanley Falls, Zawrent. In the text of Wildeman & Durand there are several apparent errors—eJ. “ stamens 5,” while the cross section of the ovary is not that of any Acanthaceous plant. 19. SATANOCRATER, Schweinf.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1085. Calyx tubular, inflated, 5-angular, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla large, blue; tube inflated in the upper half; lobes 5, subequal, rounded, con- torted in bud. Stamens 4; anther-cells 2, muticous; pollen strongly honeycombed. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell; style-branches one linear, the other suppressed. Capsule oblong, 4-seeded ; seeds discoid.— Shrubs 2 ft. high. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary, opposite in the leaf-axils; pedicels 0-} in.; bract 0 ; bracteoles very small, linear. Corolla-tube 14-2 in. long . . : ‘ . 1. 8S. fellatensis. Corolla-tube ? in. long . . . 2. 8, somalensts. 1. S. fellatensis, Schweinf. in Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, xviii. 676. Pubescent. Leaves 3 by 1-1} in., elliptic or broad-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends; petiole up to 4 in. long. Bracteoles } in. long; linear. Calyx 1 by {in.; segments united } their length ; teeth lanceo- Satanocrater. ] XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 69 late, aristate. Corolla-tube 14-2 in. long; lobes } in, long.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B, 306, fig. 111,G. 8. Ruspolit, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv, 805. Buell Ruspolii, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 69; Schweinf. Volk. Liste Pl. Somalis, 16. Wile Land. Galabat: near the village of Fellata, Schweinfurth, 1808! Somali land: Milmil, Riva, 1068! Jocorsa, Riva, 1554! Ogaden, Robecchi. 245, 248. Seeds very unripe, The sepals are, as in several species of Dyschoriste, united into a tube by a scarious membrane one cell thick, which disrupts at a touch when t it fruit is formed. Botanists who have boiled the calyx or applied a reagent find i d-sepalous nearly or quite to the base. 2. S. somalensis, Lindau in Engl. & Pranil, Eflanzenfam Nachtr, zu ii-iv. 305. Corolla-tube { in. long. Ovules 2 in eac cell. — paradoxa, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. Nachit. wu ili-iv. 305. Ruellia somalensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 14, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 309. Ruellia paradon Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot, Roma vi. 69; Schweinf. & Volk. Liste Pl. Somalis, 15, Nile Land. Somaliland: Abl Mountains, 3300 ft., Hildebrandt, 857A! acorsa, Riva, 420! I do not feel sure that this is other than S. fellatensis, with the corolla-tube not yet fully elongated, 20, LANKESTERIA, Lindl.; Benth, et Hook. f, Gen, Pl, ii, 1083. Calyx divided nearly to the base; segments 5, subequal, linear. Corolla (in African species) orange, withering off dull red; tube long; linear, hardly dilated even at the top ; lobes 5, subequal, obovate, ei. or less oblique, contorted in bud. Stamens 2, with 2 small oid Ments often added; anther-cells muticous; pollen short, en ara reticulated ; stopples 3, Ovary glabrous or nearly so, covered with a coud glands ; ovules 2 or 1 in each cell; style thinly hairy ; Se Capitate or short-oblong, more or less 2-lobed. Capsule 2-seeded (wher Seen), ellipsoid, flattened, base contracted, solid; seeds covered rd ‘Ystoscopic hair,—Shrubs 1-3 ft. high. Leaves entire. Flowers subglobose heads, or in long strobilate spikes or panicles; bract long, ovate or linear ; bracteole linear, hardly as long as the calyx. Species 3-4 in Africa, 17 in Asia (Dedalacanthus, T. Anders,), This genus is tn Part of Eranthemum, Linn., separated off generically by R. Brown, and super Tt 2 0 resembles Eranthemum that it was retained in Hranthemum by Nees, ‘len distinguished Istly by the contorted corolla-lobes, 2ndly by the reticulated Pe te rily by the hygroscopic hairs on the seeds, Dadalacanthus is said by Bent. an ibes iffer from Lankesteria by having included stamens; but in Dadalioew nan ‘blendens, 'T, Anders, the anthers are exserted }—3 in., very much more exserte 3 is m any Lankesteria, Lindau separates these genera by the pollen, which he say" 7 Zw in Dedalacanthus, 3-winged in Lankesteria, But in the type speci’ “* Rarviflora, the pollen is only slightly trigonous. 70 XCVIII, ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). | Lankesteria. Flowers in dense compound subglobose heads . . L. ZL. parviflora. Flowers in strobilate linear-oblong spikes or panicles Spike; calyx din. Jong. . . . . 2, LD, elegans, Panicle linear; calyx 3-3 in. long . . . 8. DL, Barteri. 1. L. parviflora, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1845, Misc. 86, d 1846, i. 12. Stem and leaves pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Leaves up to 44 by 1} in, tapering at both ends; petiole hardly any. Heads ovoid, up to 1 in. diam., dense; lateral heads distant, smaller, some- times few-flowered; bract }? by ;/, in. Sepals }-1 in. long, ciliate hairy. Corolla yellow or whitish; tube 1} in. long; lobes obovate, 4 in. long. Filaments exserted ;,—} in. Capsule 4 in. long, 2-seeded, covered with glandular discs.—Z. longiflora, Lind]. in Bot. Reg. 1846, sub t. 12. L. hispida, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 32; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 311. Justicia hispida, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 84. Eranthemum hispidum, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 456. Lower Guinea. Sierra Leone: Leicester, below the waterfall, Barter! in woods, near Wallia, Scott-Elliot, 4452! and without precise locality, Don ! Smeath- man! Afzelius ! 2. L. elegans, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 33, partly. Stem and mature leaves glabrescent. Leaves 5-9 by 24 in., elliptic, acumi- nate at both ends; petiole 4-} in. long. Spike terminal (or 2-8 sub- terminal), 3-74 by 1 in., strobiliform ; bracts laxly overlapping, $-1 by 3 in., acute, shining glabrous, minutely pubescent near the margin ; bracteoles shorter than the calyx, linear. Sepals } in. long, softly and minutely hairy, not ciliate. Corolla orange, withering dull reddish ; tube 1} by scarcely ;'; in.; lobes nearly } in. long, obovate. Ovary glabrous (or with a few minute hairs near the top), covered to the base with discoid glands, 4-ovulate.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 311, and in Engl. Pfl, Ost-Afr. C. 368; Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, p. 77. Justicia elegans, Beauv. F). Owar. i. 84, t. 50. Eranthemum elegans, Roem. et Schultes, Syst. i. 174; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 447. Upper Guinea. Gold Coast, Burton & Cameron! Ashanti: Assin-Yau- Coomassie, Cummins, 50! 199! Lagos: Ajilete, Millen, 103! Otta, Rowland! and without precise locality, Moloney, 6! Millen, 120! Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker; 909! Yaunde, Zenker, 436! 518! Zenker & Staudt, 218! Victoria, Preuss ! Lower Guinea. Corisco Bay, Mann, 1861! 5. L. Barteri, (ook. f. Bot. Mag. t.5533. Stem and mature leaves somewhat pubescent. Leaves up to 7 by 24 in., acuminate at both ends; petiole 0-j in. long. Linear panicles terminal (or 2-8 subter- minal), 38-5 by 1 in.; floral leaves } by 4 in., acute, overlapping, each covering 2—4 flowers; bract (to each flower) 4 in. long, linear; brac- teoles 2, 4 in. long, linear. Sepals 4-} in. long, linear, with terete needle-like points. Flowers nearly as of JZ. elegans.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 311, fig. 123, D-G; in Engl. Lankesteria.| XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 71 Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 22, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 368. L. elegans, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 33 partly. Upper Guinea. Lagos: Abeokuta, in forest, Barter, 3381! Old Calabar, Robb! Mann, 2313! Thomson, 20! Cross River, Johnston ! South Central. Congo Free State; Kinyawanga, west of Ruwenzori, 3000 ft., ex Lindau. Corolla noted by Barter “deep orange sometimes red.” This species is so like L. elegans that T. Anderson has inscribed Barter, 3381, as LD. elegans, T. Anders., though it is typical Z. Barterit. The “bracts” in ZL. elegans are homologous with the floral leaves in ZL, Barteri, and similar to them; the inflorescence of L. elegans might be theoretically called a linear panicle, the cyme under each floral leaf being teduced to a single flower with 2 bracteoles. 21. DYSCHORISTE, Neesin Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. p. 75. Calyx segments 5, acute, subequal, often aristate. Corolla $—2 in. long, blueish-red, pink, yellow, or white; segments 5, contorted in bud, subequal, more or less in 2 lips; tube very variable, lower linéar-cylin- drie portion from 4-1} in. long, upper portion inflated. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers 2, pointed or spurred at the base (except in Dd. mutica and D. nudanthera) ; pollen round or roundish-ellipsoid with several longitudinal ribs. Style hairy ; one stigmatic arm linear-oblong, the other suppressed ; ovary with 2 ovules in each cell. Capsule linear- cylindric, hardly clavate, solid at the base, always perfecting 4 seeds. Seeds ovoid, much flattened, densely clothed with white hygroscopic hairs—Small shrubs. Leaves entire, or obscurely crenate, Flowers mostly axillary, solitary or clustered in small condensed, rarely Jax, cymes. Bracteoles 2, less than 4 the length of the calyx, linear or LOT, long-—Calophanes, D. Don; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, Pl. u. Species 60, in the warm parts of both Hemispheres. Corolla 3—! in, long or scarcely more. Anther-cells tailed at the base. Leaves hardly exceeding 1 in. in length. Nearly glabrous, except innovations, Branches suberect ; calyx nearly glabrous within . . . . . . 1. D. depressa, Branches procumbent, rooting; calyx hairy within . . 3. D. vradicans. Stem and mature leaves more or less hairy (see also 3. D. radicans). Crisped hairy; calyx divided less than half- way down . . . . . Sparingly hairy ; calyx divided more than half way down . . . . . Leaves attaining 13-34 in. in length. Nearly glabrous, except the innovations ; leaves up to 3) in. long . . . . More or less hairy ; leaves attaining 1}-2 in. in length. D. tubicalyx. qr . 6. D. cunenensrs. 2. D. Perrotletii. ~ 72 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Dyschoriste. Branches hairy; calyx divided more than half- way down . 7. D. multicaulis. Branches sparsely hairy ; ; calyx divided less than half-way down. 8. D. nobilior, Anther-cells rounded at the base. Small erect nearly glabrous annual - 4. D. mutica. Scabrous undershrub . 9. D. nudanthera, Corolla 3-1 in, long; tube inflated upwards so that the linear-cylindric lower portion is not very elongate (see also 15. D. lingfolia), Cymes small, flowers appearing as if in axillary clusters, Leaves attaining 14-3 in. in length. Corolla 3-2 in. jong ; ; leaves about 14 in. long. Lower leaves hairy . . . . . 10. D. trichocalyx. Lower leaves glabrous . . . LL. D. verticillaris. Corolla li in. long; leaves up to 2-3 in, long . 14, D. heudelotiana. Leaves 3-3 in. long. . . . . . 138. D. eapricornis. Cymes loose, open, axillary . . 12. D. pedicellata. Corolla 3-2 in. long; tube linear, funnel- -sbaped near the top. Anthers tailed at the base. Corolla less than 2 in. long. Leaves exceeding 1 in. in length. Corolla purple. Calyx 3 in. long. Villous ; calyx divided 3 way down . 16. D. Hildebrandtii. Pubescent ; calyx divided 3 way down . 18. D. Volkensii. Calyx 2 in. long. Leaves linear-oblong; flowers 1-2 to- gether . . . . 15. D, linifolia Leaves elliptic ; cymes axillary . . 19. D. mollis. Corolla yellow. . . . . 17. D. Fischeri. Leaves 1-2 by 3 din. . . . . . 20. D. tanganyikensis. Corolla exceeding 2 in. in length . . 21. D, thunbergiifora. Anthers acute or scarcely mucronate at the base. . 22. D, somalensis. 1. D. depressa, Vees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 81. Shrub small, with erect branches, glabrous ; ; innovations minutely scabrous-hairy- Leaves up to 1 by 4 in. (usually smaller), elliptic, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate, nerves and cystoliths obscure ; petiole {—} in. long. Flowers subsessile, often 3-8, clustered ; bracteoles 2, linear-oblong, hardly as long as the calyx-tube. Calyx } in. long, divided % way down ; teeth linear, hispid ; tube nearly glabrous within. Corolla } in. long, 2-lipped. Capsule 14 } in. long, suberect, glabrous.—Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 106. Calophanes Nagchana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 109; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 410. C. crenatus, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 415. Linostylis ovata, Sonder in Linnea, xxiii. 94. Wile Zand. British Kast Africa: Ukamba, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6706! Mau, 7000-8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6805! Usongora; at the Salt Lake, neat Katwe, Scott-Elliot, 7961 ! D. Perrottetii, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 486. Branches 12-18 in. long, erect. Leaves up to 3} by { in., lanceolate, obtuse ; nerves often Dyschoriste. | XCVIII. ACANTHACE (CLARKE). 73 very prominent. Calyx with prominent cystoliths. Corolla 4-4 in. long, obscurely 2-lipped ; otherwise as D, depressa.—Lindau in Engl. «& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 302, fig. 121, A-C. Calophanes Perrottetit, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 111; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 23; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388 ; Linostylis fasciculiflora, Sonder in Linnea, xxiii. 95 ; Solms Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. F). Aethiop. 112, 244. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger, 136! Perrottet, 28! 515! Ouallo, Leprieur ! Sierra Leone: by the River Scarcies, Scott-Elliot, 4534! 4634 ! Togoland, Baumann, 410! Segge Brook, Buettner, 351! 738! 410! 361! Lagos, Millen, 99! Niger Territory : Borgu ; banks of the River Oly, Barter, 820! Wile Land. Upper Senaar: Fazokl, Kotschy, 558! Eritrea: Ginda, 3200 ft., Schweinfurth G Riva, 2114! Abyssinia, Schimper, 156! 947! 1853! British East Africa : Bongo; by the River Tidju (Tudye), Schweinfurth, 2663! Mittu; Dimindo, Schweinfurth, 2792 ! Taita, Hildebrandt, 2510! Hardly distinguishable from D. depressa (cf. Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 846) 3 the plant is taller, attaining 3-4 ft., with straight branches and very erect fruit clusters ; the main branches have leaves 2 in. and more long; but the branchlets with shorter leaves by themselves might pass for D. depressa. 3. D. radicans, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 106. Stems procumbent, branching, rooting, hispid-pubescent at the tips (and throughout in hill “xamples), with no straight simple branches. Leaves not exceeding ! in. in length. Calyx-tube hairy within. Corolla scarcely 2-lipped. Capsules Spreading; otherwise as D. depressa.—A. Rich. Tent. Fi. Abyss. ii. 141; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 302, In Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 367, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 68. ~aophanes radicans, T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. vii. 23 ; T. Thoms. in Speke, Journ. Append. 643; 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 197 partly ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxix. 126 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388. | Chetacanthus Burchellii, Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Ch. Persoonii, Lindau MS. in Stuhlmann, Exs. 1347. Ruellia radicans, Hochst. ex Rich. Tent, Fl. Abyss. ii. 141. Wile Land. Eritrea: near Geleb, 5500 ft., Schweinfurth, 1127! Habab, ft., Hildebrandt, 4563! Abyssinia: Tigre; near Adowa, Schimper, 17! 177 ; arse Steudner, 1527! 388! and without precise locality, Schimper, 521 partly! 5! 1354! Somaliland: between Harr and Surro, Riva, 185! British East Africa: ganda, Stuhlmann, 1347! Buddu ; at Villa Maria, Scott-Elliot, 7467! Lake Gat 6000 ft., Scolt-Elliot, 6847! Athi Plains, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 3! Ukamba ; Machakos, Scott-Elliot, 6601! Gregory! W Lower Guinea, Angola: Huilla; Lopollo, Welwitsch, 5046! Calunda, elwitsch, 50751 Huilla, Welwitsch, 5055! Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5189! Li mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro and Masai Steppe, ex mau; Usambara; Kwa Mshuza, Holst, 8917! Karagwe, Speke § Grant, 436! The East African material agrees well together, varying a little in degree of ness ; but its distinctness from D. depressa may be doubted. in 1D. mutica, C’. B. Clarke. Stems 4-8 in. long, not rooting (appear ; 8 annual), Leaves 1} by 4 in,, narrow-elliptic. Anthers muticous ; otherwise as D. radicans, Nees,—Calophanes radicans, var, mutica, 8. Sore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 198. “ower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5089! 5094! hair 74 XCVIII. ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). [ Dyschoriste. 5. D. tubicalyx, C. B. Clarke. Crisped-hairy, woody, branched. Leaves 3-2 by } in., ovate to elliptic. Flowers axillary, 4-1 together in condensed cymes. Calyx } in. long, divided 4 the way down, hairy within and without; cystoliths obscure; otherwise as D. radicans.— Calophanes radicans (partly), S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 197. Lower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5055! Huilla, Antunes, 166! 167! Pungo Andongo, Mechow, 65! Malange, Buchner, 69! Appears to be an erect, very woody undershrub, in habit unlike D. radicans. 6. D. cunenensis, (’. B. Clarke. Sparingly hairy. Leaves up to 14 by 1 in. (exclusive of petiole § in. long), obovate, truncate, narrowed into the petiole. Flowers axillary, 3-2 together or often solitary. Calyx } in. long, divided more than $ way down; tube 5-angular, very sparsely hairy, with numerous large conspicuous cystoliths ; otherwise as D. radicans. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mulondo, on the River Cunene, Newton ! This has the habit of D. radicans, and may be a wet-forest form of it. 7. D. multicaulis, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 486. Branches many, 16 in. long, rather stout, hairy; leaves up to 2 by ? in. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers tailed. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell. Capsule narrow-cylindric (not clavate), 4-seeded; otherwise as D. radicans.— Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 302, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Dipteracanthus dejectus 8, Nees in DC. Prod. x1. 125, partly; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 142. Calophanes multicaulis, T. Anders. in Journ, Tinn. Soe. vii. 23, Ruellia multicaulis, Hochst. ex A. Rich, Le. Wile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre; near Adowa, on Mount Sholoda, Schimper; 43! and on Mount Semayata, 8400 ft., Schimper, 484! Except by the stouter straighter stems and larger leaves, this hardly differs from D, radicans, 8. D. nobilior, C. B. Clarke. Sparingly shortly hairy, branches 34 ft. long, stout, straight, little-divided. Leaves 13 by 3-1 in. (exclu- sive of petiole }-4 in. long), slightly crenulate ; tip triangular, often subacute. Cymes many, distant, dense, axillary. Calyx nearly 4 in. long, sparingly pubescent, divided less than half-way down ; teeth lanceolate, somewhat wide at the base. Corolla less than 4 in. long. Capsules 2 in. long, erect, stouter than those of D. radicans; otherwise as D, radicans.—D, Hildebrandtii, Lindau MS. in Holst, Exs. 32044. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5107! 5158! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Duga, Holst, 3204a! Welwitsch (5158) has small flowers and cannot be united with D. Hildebrandt, and with this the other examples (without flowers) cited match, 9. D. nudanthera, C. B. Clarke. Scabrous; branches 8-14 in. Leaves 14 by } in., lanceolate, subacute at both ends, hispid : petiole 0-4 in. long. Cymes close, axillary. Calyx 4 in. long, divided about } way down; lobes lanceolate, acute, hispid; tube nearly glabrous Dyschoriste. | XCVII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 75 within, Corolla 4 in. long, dark purple when dry. Stamens 4, sub- similar; anther-cells equal, very obtuse at both ends; pollen small, ellipsoid, ribbed. Style with one linear stigmatic branch; cells of ovary 2-ovulate. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Niomkolo Island, in Lake Tan- ganyika, Carson ! The anthers in this species are altogether like those of a typical Ruellia. 10. D. trichocalyx, Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Branches 18 in. long, hairy. Lower and middle leaves 2 by 4 in.; elliptic, hairy on both surfaces, cystoliths obscure; petiole } in. long. Flowers often 8-15 in densely congested axillary cymes; bracteoles linear, scarcely 3 the length of the calyx. Calyx }in. long, divided $ way down ; tube sparsely hairy without, with long white hairs within ; teeth long, subulate, with many simple hairs, few glands. Corolla 3~} in. ong, purple-red ; narrow-cylindric base of tube short ; limb somewhat 2lipped. Stamens 4, subsimilar; anthers oblong, distinctly tailed; pollen longitudinally many ribbed. Style hairy, one stigmatic branch linear, the other suppressed; ovary 4-ovulate. Capsule } in. long, harrow-cylindric, 4-seeded; seeds covered with hygroscopic hairs.— Calophanes trichocalyx, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 126, t. 126. Hygrophita, sp. 1, T. Thoms. in Speke, Journ. Append. 643. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe, Speke & Grant, 404! Scott- Elliot, 7491! 8124! i. D. verticillaris, (. B. Clarke. Branches glabrous except at the tips. Lower and middle leaves glabrous, cystoliths numerous and Sonspicuous above, below still larger. Calyx very hairy (almost woolly) without, and with numerous glandular hairs ; otherwise as D. trichocalya. —Calophanes verticillaris, T. Anders. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. “x. 126. Vomaphila glandulosa, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 198. Hygrophila glandulosa, Lindau in Engl. Pfl, Ost-Afr. C. 367. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Higher Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, omson! Portuguese East Africa: Beira, Braga, 147! Rios de Sena, Peters! British Central Africa : N yasaland ; Tanganyika Platean at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Phyte! Nyika Mountains, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! between Songwe and Karonga, (00-2000 ft., Whyte 321 between Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte, 379! Masukn Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte! Manganja Hills, Meller! Blantyre, Buchanan, 74! Zomba and Vicinity, 2500-3500 ft. Whyte! Mount Chiradzulu, ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 16! This species is hardly separable from D. trichocalyx ; the subulate tips to the calyx-teeth are shorter. 12. D. bedicellata, C.B. Clarke. Pubescent. Leaves 1} by }in., harrow elliptic, pubescent on both surfaces ; cystoliths obscure. ymes axillary, lax, branched ; pedicels 0—{ in. long; bracteoles } in. ong, linear. Calyx exceeding } in. in length, divided rather more an 2 way down, pubescent without, white hairy within ; cystoliths obscure. Corolla ‘1 in, long, purplish-red when dry ; linear-cylindrie Portion of the tube 4 in. long. Stamens, style, ovules, pollen, as © senus. Capsule } in. long, 4-seeded. 76 XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [ Dyschoriste. Upper Guinea. North Bank of the River Gambia, Ozanne, 8! Cameroons; 4000 ft., Passarge, 1214! The calyx is often minutely pedicellate above the bracteoles; and there is seen sometimes a shoot from the axil of a bracteole. 13. D. capricornis, C. B. Clarke. Glandular-pubescent ; branchlets woody. Leaves }-} by 4-tin., obtuse, nearly sessile. Cymes axillary, dense, 3-8-flowered ; bracteoles 1, in. long, linear. Calyx 4 in. long, divided less than 4 way down, glandular-pubescent without, white-hairy within ; cystoliths hardly prominent ; teeth lanceolate, aristate. Corolla 3 in. long; linear-cylindric portion of tube { in. long. Stamens, pollen, pistil, ovules, of the genus. South-West Africa. South lat. 23°, Chapman & Baines! 14. D. heudelotiana, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 486. Pubescent and thinly hairy. Leaves up to 3 by 3—1 in., narrowly elliptic, obtuse, subsessile, puberulous, a few scattered white hairs added. Cymes axillary, small, 3-1-flowered; bracteoles 4-4 in. long, linear. Calyx 4_2 in. long, divided more than } way down, pubescent without, white- hairy within ; cystoliths slender. Corolla 1 in. long, purple; linear- cylindric portion of the tube nearly $ in. long. Stamens, pollen, pistil, ovules, capsule (nearly 4 in. long) as of genus.— Calophanes heudelotianus, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 112; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 23. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Bondou, Heudelot, 18 (ex Nees), Heudelot, 144! 190! and without precise locality. 15. D. linifolia, C’. B. Clarke. Viscid glandular-hairy ; branch 16 in. long. Leaves 1 by 4-1 in., narrow elliptic, subsessile, viscid glandular-hairy ; cystoliths obscure. Flowers axillary, 2 together or solitary ; bracts } in. long, linear-oblong. Calyx } in. long, divided % the way down, glandular-hairy ; tube within white-hairy ; cystoliths obscure ; teeth linear, obtuse. Corolla nearly 14 in. long, linear cylindric portion of tube % in. long. Stamens, pollen, pistil, as of genus. —Calophanes linifolius, T. Anders. MS. in Hb. Kew. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Northern Zambesia ; Batoka High- lands, Kirk ! 16. D. Hildebrandtii, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenjom. iv. 3B, 302. Pubescent, more or less villous; branches 12-16 in. long. Leaves 1} by 3 in,, elliptic, obscurely crenulate ; cystoliths not prominent ; petioles 0-} in. long. Cymes axillary, small, 3-10 flowered ; bracteoles less than 4 the length of the calyx, linear. Calyx rather more than } in. long, divided % the way down; tube scabrous pubescent without, white hairy within; cystoliths not prominent. Corolla 14 in. long, purple; linear-cylindric portion of the tube } 1. long. Stamens and pistil of the genus. Capsule 3} in. long, linear cylindric, 4+-seeded ; seeds] covered with hygroscopic hairs.— Lindau in Engl. Pil. Ost-Atr. C. 367. Calophanes Hildebrandtii, 8, Moore iD Journ. Bot, 1880, 8, ‘ Dyschoriste. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). 77 Mile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2718 ! Mozamb., Dist. German East Africa: Usambara, Holst, 3304 ! 17. D. Fischeri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 11. Flowers yellow ; otherwise as D. Hildebrandtii.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 68. Nile Land. Somaliland, Mount Ciaffa, Riva, 571! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Masai Steppe, Fischer, 485! Portu- guese Kast Africa: Lower Zambesi 3 Sena, Peters! British Central Africa: North Nyasaland, Nicholson ! This plant is hardly distinguishable in the dried state from D. Hildebrandtii, but has yellow flowers. The bracteoles are ¢ in. long, linear; not 3} in., elliptic, as stated by Lindau (of the floral leaves probably). 18. D. Volkensii, C. 2. Clarke. Sparingly pubescent. Leaves up to 1? by 1 in., elliptic, obscurely crenulate ; cystoliths not prominent ; petioles 0-} in. long. Cymes axillary, 3-10-flowered. Calyx rather more than } in. long, divided } the way down ; tube scabrous pubescent Without, white hairy within. Corolla 1-1} in. long, not 2-lipped ; lobes 5, subequal, obtuse. Stamens 4; anthers subequal, tailed at the base ; pollen longitudinally ribbed. Capsule } in. long, linear-cylindric, 4-seeded. Ovary 4-ovuled.—Hygrophila Volkensii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xix, Beibl. n. 47, 46, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 366. ; 67 eam Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 3300 ft., Volkens, 324, __ _ This plant is hardly distinguishable from D, Hildebrandtii. Lindau distinguishes it by having the capsule hairy ; the young capsules are perfectly glabrous, Lindan 8 10 error in saying that the calyx is divided 3 the way down. 19. D. mollis, C. B. Clarke. Hairy; branches with many long Several-celled gland-tipped hairs. Leaves hairy on both faces. Cymes rather lax, pedicels often 1 in. long; bracteoles 4, in. long, linear, a little distant, Calyx up to 3-3 in. long, divided half-way down or More, densely covered with long several-celled gland-tipped hairs. Capsule exceeding } in. in length; otherwise as D. Hildebrandt. —D. Hildebrandtii, var. mollis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 132. Blepharis an var. B. Hildebrandtii, S. Moore, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. 0¢. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345. Nile Land. British East Africa: Kikuyu ; Steppes of the Thikathika River, Gregory ! Taita ; Maungu Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston ! ; Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro ; 2000-3000 ft., Johnson ! Usambara ; Mascheua, Holst, 8750! 20. D. tanganyikensis, (’. B. Clarke. Ashy-puberulous ; branches numerous, hardly 4 in. long, from a very stout rootstock (apparently ter being burnt down). Leaves 4-# by } in., elliptic, obtuse, narrowed at the base, Scarcely petioled. Flowers in numerous few-flowered axillary dense cymes, Calyx } in, long, divided more than 3 way down, Corolla 1 in. long, purple when dry; linear-cylindric portion of tube 78 XCVII, ACANTHACE (CLARKE). | Dyschoriste. exceeding } in. in length. Stamens and pistil of the genus. Capsule $+} in. long, linear-cylindric, Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, Carson ! 21. D. thunbergiiflora, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 8B. 302. A minutely sparsely pubescent branched shrub. Leaves 1 by } in., obovate, obtuse, attenuate at the base; petiole 0-} in. long. Flowers in axillary, 1—4-flowered, rather lax monopodial cymes; bracteoles small, linear, or 0, Calyx 2 in long, divided half-way down into linear teeth; tube nearly glabrous without, thinly white-hairy within; cystoliths many, prominent. Corolla 1-2} in. long, fine purple ; linear-cylindric portion of the tube # in. long. Stamens and pistil of the genus; anther-tails large. Capsule not seen.—Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. 1.367, Calophanes thunbergiiflora, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 8. Nile Band. British East Africa: Ukamba; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2719! 22. D. somalensis, Rendle in Journ. Bot, 1895, 4138. Grey pubescent ; stems 8-30 in. long, rigid, branched. Leaves 4-3 in. long, orbicular or obovate, obtuse ; petiole 0-5 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary; bracteoles very small, linear. Calyx } in. long, divided } the way down; teeth linear; tube narrow, nearly glabrous without, white-hairy within ; cystoliths many, prominent. Corolla 1-1} in. long, purple; linear-cylindric portion of the tube 3 in. long. Pistil and stamens of the genus; anthers acute or mucronate at the base. Capsule 3 in. long, linear-cylindric.—Phillipsia fruticulosa, Rolfe in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 223; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2445. Satanocrater fruticu- losa, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.—iv. 305, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 317. Nile Land. Somaliland: Sheik-Husein, Donaldson Smith! Golis Range, Mrs. Lort Phillips! Imperfectly known species. 23. D. adscendens, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 485. Leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly glabrous. Flowers axillary, clustered or solitary; bracteoles lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Calyx divided 4 way down ; teeth setaceous. Corolla funnel-shaped, as long as the calyx oF bwiee as long.—Calophanes adscendens, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. x1. 111. Nile Land. Abyssinia, Kotschy. Not seen. The bracteoles being as long as the calyx show that this can be no plant in the Kew bundles of Dyschoriste. As nothing is stated of style, ovules, capsule or seeds, it is not possible to guess in what genus this missing plant is to be sought. 24. D. hyssopifolia, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 486, Leaves linear, obtuse, very glabrous. Flowers solitary, axillary ; bracteoles lanceolate- linear, obtuse, shorter than the bristle-acuminate calyx.—-Calophanes hyssopifolius, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 111 (not of Nees in Linnza xx. 713), Ruellia hyssopifolia, Hochst. ex Nees, in DC. Prod. xi. 111, Dyschoriste. | XCVUI. ACANTHACEA (CLARKE), a Nile Land. Abyssinia, Kotschy. Not seen. Said to be allied to D. adscendens, a species likewise unknown to late writers, 26. D. subquadrangularis, (. B. Clarke. Stem 3 ft. high, subquadrangular. Leaves + by 4 in., ovate, narrowed at either end, pubescent ; petiole ;1, in. long, hairy. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, congested, hairy; bracteoles linear, minute. Flowers blue. Calyx } in. long, divided half-way down, hairy, glandular. Corolla-tube 2 in. long; lobes 4 in. long. Style hairy. Capsule nearly 4 in. long, 4-seeded.—Hygrophila subquadrangularis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 314, Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; 1600 ft., Buchwald, 94. Said to be most nearly allied to Hygrophila Volkensii, Lindau (a Dyschoriste) ; and, having only 4 seeds to the capsule, is probably a Dyschoriste. Cheetacanthus, Nees. This genus differs from Dyschoriste by having two stamens only; and is South African; no example from Tropical Africa having been seen. In Engl. PA, Ost-Afr. C. 367, Lindau places in Tropical East Africa two species—viz., C. setiger (Stuhlmann, 1347 ) and C. Burchellii (Holst, 8917), both of which prove to have 4 stamens and to be Dyschoriste radicans, Nees. There would appear to exist further ground for Chetacanthus occurring in Tropical Africa from Lindau l.c., but none was found at Berlin, 22. DISPERMA, C. B. Clarke. Calyx small, tubular half its length, or 3 posticous segments nearly Tee; segments 5, equal, narrow-oblong, or 2 anticous connate nearly to thetop. Corolla small, 4~3in. long; tube narrowly funnel-shaped from the base or subcylindric ; lobes 5, subequal, ovate, contorted in bud. tamens 4, subsimilar ; anther-cells linear-oblong, parallel, rounded at the base; pollen short-ellipsoid, ribbed. Ovary with 1 (sometimes 2) ovule in each cell; style with 2 linear-oblong (often unequal) branches. Capsule small, 2-seeded, obovoid-ellipsoid, much flattened, woody, brown, sining ; seeds discoid, with many hygroscopic hairs on the margin.— Small or medium-sized shrubs, more or less hairy. Leaves entire, “renate, or toothed. Clusters of flowers axillary ; bract oblong, about a8 long as the calyx; bracteoles similar, smaller. Species, the 7 following, endemic in Tropical Africa. _ The character which holds these 7 species closely together is the flattened ellipsoid capsule, which is quite different from the capsule of Dyschoriste, when Y accident 2 seeds only are perfected. here is one ovule in each cell with frequently Ower imperfect one added; as in species of Barleria. The genus Lamiacanthus, *Auntze founded on a Javan plant, may prove hereafter to include Disperma, but its “apsule is unknown, Erect ; corolla $ in, long, Calyx subequally 5-fid about 3-way down . . wD. kilimands- ~ * charicum, a Calyx 2-anticous segments connate 2 their length, 3 posticous segments free, 80 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Disperma. Leaves 1-13 in, long 2. D. quadrisepalum. Leaves up to4in, long. . 3. D. parviflorum. Large, semiscandent ; corolla 2 in. long. Inflorescences elongate, oblong, quasi-terminal. Leaves up to 8 in, long, entire . 4. D. quadrangulare. Leaves up to 33 in. long, crenate-dentate 5. D. dentatum. Leaves up to 13 in. long, entire, oblong, densely woolly . . : . . . . 6. D. angolense, Inflorescences short, dense, quasi-lateral . 7. D. densiflorum, 1. D. kilimandscharicum, C’. 2. Clarke. Pubescent small shrub. Leaves 3-1 by } in., obovate, obtuse, toothed, microscopically densely dotted, cystoliths obscure ; petiole hardly any. Flowers clustered, in axillary small cymes; bracteoles lanceolate, } the length of the calyx. Calyx | in. long, divided } way down, with many cystoliths ; tube nearly glabrous within, short-pubescent without ; teeth narrowly linear- lanceolate. Corolla } in. long, somewhat 2-lipped ; lobes contorted in bud, obtuse, hairy without, with many long deflexed hairs in the throat. Stamens 4; filaments with long white hairs below, and a few stalked glands upwards; anthers equal, similar, base not apiculate; pollen round-ellipsoid, longitudinally several-ribbed. Ovary glabrous; style hairy, with 2 linear unequal stigmatic branches; ovule 1 in each cell. Capsule 4 in. long, obovoid-ellipsoid, much flattened, hard brown, shining. Seeds 2, round, flattened, on large retinacula, covered with tufted long hairs, which spring out elastically on being wetted.— Dyschoriste kilimandscharica, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, and in Engl. Jahrb, xxiv. 315. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 3000 ft., Volkens, 1721! Var. 8 bracteolata, C. B. Clarke. Bracteoles as long as calyx narrowly oblong. Flowers in denser clusters. Calyx more hairy. Mile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba, Scott-Elliot, 6306 partly ! The other part of Scott-Elliot, 6306, is Justicia fruticulosa, Lindau. 2. D. quadrisepalum, ('. B. Clarke. Pubescent smal] shrub. Leaves up to 1} by # in., narrowed at both ends, more or less strongly crenate-toothed; petiole hardly any. Flowers closely clustered in axillary small cymes ; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Calyx exceeding 4 in. in length, 4-fid nearly to the base, 2 anticous segments connate nearly to the tip into 1 obovate-elliptic 2-nerved piece, 3 others nearly equally long. Corolla 4 in. long. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers of 2 equal parallel oblong muticous cells; pollen ellipsoid, many-ribbed. Style thinly hairy ; branches 2, linear-oblong. Capsule { in. long, obovoid, flattened, woody, brown, 2-seeded.— Hygrophila crenata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 6, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 366. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Wadiboma, Fischer, 495! Usagara; Mpwapwa, Stuhlmann, 287! British Central Africa: Rhodesia: Panda-ma-Tenka, Holub ! Leshumo Valley, Holub, 714! 715! Tamasanka, Holub, 1212-1214! From the 4-fid calyx and the 1-ovulate ovary-cells, this species was referred Barleria, sect, Somalia, It is very like D, kilimandscharicum. Disperma.] XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 81 3. D. parviflorum, ('. B. Clarke. Branches 3-4 ft. long, stout, patently hairy. Leaves 34 by 1} in., narrowed at both ends, sparsely hairy, coarsely crenate ; petiole 0-1 in. long. Flower-clusters axillary, very dense; bract small, shorter than the calyx. Calyx scarcely + in. long, 2 anticous segments connate ? their length, 3 others connate scarcely 4 their length. Corolla-tube ! in. long, mouth small; anthers muticous, pollen of Disperma. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell; style nearly glabrous, branches linear, unequal. Capsule scarcely } in. long, stalked, ellipsoid, flattened, 2-seeded, shining brown.—Hygrophila parvi- fora, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 7, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 366. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Buchanan, 556 partly! Buchanan 556 is a mixture, and the sheets have been issued mixed! The descrip- tion of Lindau of his Hygrophila parviflora (calyx 4 in. long) applies mainly to the Present species. The other plant mixed under Buchanan 556 is a Dyschoriste, with calyx 3 in, long, near or perhaps D. trichocalyz. 4. D. quadrangulare, (. B. Clarke. Large, subscandent ; branches sharply quadrangular. Leaves up to 8 by 3} in., spathulate-elliptic, hardly petioled, thin in texture, very sparsely hairy, cystoliths obscure ; margin entire, obscurely waved. Inflorescence in viscid-hairy axillary panicles 3-6 in. long, but (by the falling of the floral leaves) apparently a terminal panicle 14 by & in.; bract } in. long, oblong; bracteoles Similar, rather smaller. Calyx 4 in. long, divided 4—} the way down, More or less viscid-hairy ; teeth narrow-lanceolate. Corolla % in. long linear-cylindric portion } in. long), purple with brown transverse Marks and strong deflexed simple hairs in the throat. Stamens, anthers, pollen, pistil, stigmas, and ovules as of D. kilimandscharicum. Capsule (and seeds) as of ). kilimandscharicum, but a little larger, } in. ong.—Nomaphila quadrangularis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mozamb. mit Hygrophila quadrangularis, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367 y. tie ,Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Bibisande, Stuhlmann, 409! Usukuma ; Usha, Fischer, 493 ! Portuguese East Africa: Rios de Sena, Peters, 8! British Central Africa : N yasaland; Katunga, on the River Sbire, Scott! ; This fine plant has all the appearance of one of the large rambling Indian Strobilanthes : except by the number of ovules it might be placed in that genus. Klotzsch has misled everybody by printing that the cells of the ovary are vieleiig (many-ovuled) instead of viereiig (4~-ovuled). 2 D dentatum, (. 2. Clarke. Leaves up to 3} by 1} in., dis- tinetly regularly crenate-toothed ; otherwise nearly as D. quadrangulare. ,Mozamb. Dist. Portunese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Shiramba, Kirk / British Central Africa : N yasaland : Monkey Bay, Lake Nyasa, 1600 ft., Whyte ! The inflorescence is more viscid-hairy than that of D. quadrangulare ; the leaves ave stronger nerves raised beneath ; and the toothing of the margin consists of forward. ri white teeth each ending in a minute point. In D, quadrangulare, the ree are lik leaves are very entire and obscurely wavy. The calyx, corolla, stamens, and p ike those of D. quadrangulare. 6. D. an wel to 14 by } in. (mostly - angolense, C. B. Clarke. ‘Leaves up to 4 by . on entire, narrowly obovate-oblong, sessile, densely minutely v. 82 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Disperma. softly hairy. Inflorescence of numerous axillary approximate short few- flowered cymes, running into apparently panicled spikes, with soft hairs and many-celled gland-tipped hairs, almost viscid. Calyx divided about 4 the way down, somewhat 2-lipped. Corolla 3 in. long. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers narrow-oblong, obtuse at the base, pollen short- ellipsoid, 8-12-ribbed. Style hairy; branches 2, oblong, slightly unequal, ovary glabrous. Capsule } in. long, of the genus. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Humpata, Johnston! Cunene River, Johnston ! 7. D. densiflorum, C. B. Clarke. Pubescent; branches stout, terete, with raised lines. Leaves 2 by 14 in., ovate, crenate; petiole up to}in. long. Cymes axillary, compound, 10—30-flowered, near together ; bracteoles 4 in. long. Calyx } in. long, divided 4 the way down; teeth lanceolate, minutely pubescent. Corolla ? in. long; lobes subequal, short. Stamens 4, subequal; anthers not tailed; pollen longitudinally ribbed. Style-branches 2, linear-oblong, slightly unequal. Capsule } in. long, 2-seeded ; seeds covered with hygroscopic hairs. East Tropical Africa. Without locality, Scott-Elliot ! 23. PHAYLOPSIS, Willd. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1081. Calyx 5-fid nearly to the base; 2 anticous segments oblong oF linear, posticous segment ovate or elliptic, 2 inner segments shorter, linear. Corolla small ; tube } in. long or less, inflated upwards (except in P. lankesterioides and P. glandulosa); lobes 5, contorted, nearly equal, but forming 2 lips. Stamens 4; anther-cells at the base minutely apiculate or muticous; pollen short-ellipsoid, longitudinally 12-ribbed, with 3 stopples. Style thinly hairy; one stigmatic arm linear-oblong, the other very short ; ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, glandular at the top, often also hairy or glandular nearly to the base. Capsule elliptic, compressed, solid at the base, 4-seeded, margins very stout, solid, faces becoming scarious and breaking up ; capsule dehiscing with elasticity, the placente (carrying the seeds) separate and spring up from the bottom; margins of seeds with numerous hygroscopi¢ hairs.—Small, shrubby. Leaves often very oblique, those in one opposite pair unequal, elliptic, entire or crenate. Inflorescence ™ cylindric or ovoid spikes, the broad floral leaves enclosing a contrac cyme of usually 3 flowers; bract and bracteoles 0. Species 15, in Africa, Mascarene Islands, India, Petalidum ditfers from Phaylopsis \ittle but by having 2 large bracteoles to each flower. Willdenow constituted the genus Phaylopsis in 1800. Bentham (in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1081), states that the genus is equal to Micranthus, Wendl. published in 1798, but as the name Micranthus, Ecklon, had been for fifty years used for a genus of Jridez, Bentham exercised his discretion by continuing the name Phaylopsis, though Micranthus had two years priority. In 1891, O. Kuntze revived Micranthus, Wendl., after it had slept for ninety-three years, Phaylopsis. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 83 Corolla-tube less than 2 in. long, somewhat funnel-shaped upwards. Inflorescences strobilate, many, cylindric. Anticous 2 calyx-teeth linear-ligulate, acute . 1. P. parviflora, Anticous 2 calyx-teeth linear-spathulate 2. P. longifolia. Anticous 2 calyx-teeth oblong-falcate 3. P. falcisepala, Inflorescences short-cylindric, hardly strobilate. Bracts hardly so long as flowers . . . . 4. P. angolana. Bracts longer than flowers; spike leafy . . 5. P. Pogget. Inflorescences ovoid, not strobilate. Heads of flowers scattered. Leaves less than 1 in. long, subentire, glabre- scent . . . . . . 6 P. microphylla, Leaves up to 3 in. long, oblique, entire, pubescent 7. P. micrantha, Spikes very small, leaves crenate-serrate : . 8. P. obliqua, Leaves and inflorescences subterminal on latera ; branchlets . . . . . 9. P. Johnston. Corolla-tube 3 in. long, subcampanulate in the upper part . . . . . . . . . 10. P. Bartert. Corolla-tube 4 in. long or more, linear to the top. we Leaves ovate ; bracts round ; corolla-tube 4 in. Jong . 11. P. lankesterioides. Leaves lanceolate; bracts narrow; corolla-tube, 1 in. long . . . . . . . . 12. P. glandulosa. 1. P. parviflora, Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 342. Stem 1-2 ft. high, branched, decumbent or suberect, hairy, becoming glabrescent below. ves up to 3 by 14 in. (many on the same stem only 3—1 in.) long, those of one pair sometimes very unequal, acuminate at both ends, pubescent, some often very unequal and oblique at the base, nearly entire ; Petiole up to 14 in. long. Inflorescences some cylindric up to 2} by # in., dense, strobilate (some examples have nearly all the inflorescences ovoid); lower floral leaves } by } in., rounded subtruncate; upper oral leaves of the same inflorescence are 4 by } in,, ovate, triangular, Subacute at the tip. Calyx }-} in. long, hairy, scarcely glandular ; Posticous segment ovate, two anticous segments narrowly linear-ligulate, hot dilated at the subacute tip. Corolla 4 in. long, white or purplish ; tube cylindric, narrow-funnel-shaped at the top. Ovary glabrous, Sparingly glandular close to the top only. Capsule }-} in. long.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe, vii. 26; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fi. Brit. Ind, iv. 417. P, longifolia, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2433. Ruellia imbricata, Porsk. Deser, Egypt.-Arab. 113; Vahl, Symb. ii. 73. Micranthus yPPositifolius, Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 39; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, flanzenfam. iv, 3B, 298, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. M. longifolius - Imbricatus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493. dtheilema imbricatum, R. Br. Prod, 478 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480; Nees in DC. Prod. * 262 partly ; not of A. Rich. Z. reniforme, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii, 94, and in DO, Prod. xi. 261; Wight, Ic. t. 1533; Benth. in Hook, Niger Fl. 480, Phaulopsis oppositifolius & P. longifolius, Lindau in Engl, & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii—iv. 305. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrottet, 631! Senegambia, Heudelot, 585! Gambia, “ne ‘ “Lester, 11! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Smeathman! Don! Scott-Elliot, 5693 ! 84 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Phaylopsis. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Eritrea; Saganeiti, 6500 ft. Schweinfurth & Riva, 939! Mozamb. Dist. Pemba Island (ex Lindau). German East Africa: Usambara, Holst, 314! British ‘Central Africa: Nyasaland, Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 773! I differ from Lindau in ascribing the synonyms above given to this plant. The Ruellia imbricata of Forsk&l is in the British Museum, and is the Indian Phaylopsis parviflora as R. Brown made it. The Phaylopsis longifolia, Sims (Bot. Mag. t. 2433) is figured from a Sierra Leone piece (where Ph. longifolia, T. Thoms. is not known), and agrees perfectly with the Sierra Leone plants of Heudelot and others. 2. P. longifolia, 7. Thoms. in Speke, Journ. Append. 643, not of Sims. Two anticous calyx-segments linear-spathulate, obtuse, about as long as the posticous segment ; otherwise as P. parviflora.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 26; Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127, ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388. Ztheilema imbricatum, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 149; Solms Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fi. Aethiop. 104. Barleria inequalis, Hochst. MS. in Schimper Exs. 367. Micranthus longifolius, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 298, fig. 120 A-F, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367 partly, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 68, not of O. Kuntze. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Bipindi, 300 ft., Zenker, 1215! Victoria, Staudt, 663 ! Wile Land. Eritrea: Ginda, 3300 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 2138! Abyssinia: Tigre ; Addi-Dschoa, 7500 ft., Schimper, 542! Ferfera River, Schimper, 733! Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 367! Mountains near Axum, Sehimper, 1523! Dochli, Schimper, 505! Samen ; Aman-Eski, 6000-7000 ft., Schimper, 339! Somaliland: Harar, Robecchi, 5! British East Africa: Madi; rocky heights of Ugani, Speke § Grant ! east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot, 8086! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000 ft., Volkens, 758! Johnston, 96! Usambara, Holst, 6768! 8333 ! 8911! Uluguru, Stuhlmann, 8875! 9240! Portuguese East Africa: Beira, Braga, 82! 84! The plants here taken as typical of this species are Schimper’s Abyssinian specimens. The above citations of authors refer to the plant they meant, not to their synonymy, which is largely erroneous. In Schimper, 367, the leaves are not so long nor so oblique at the base as commonly in P, parviflora ; in Holst, 8911 (Lindau’s longifolia), the leaves are small 1-13 in, long. The present species might be treated as a var, of P. parviflora, 3. P. falcisepala, C. B. Clarke. Two anticous calyx-segments oblong-falcate, hispid-ciliate, black towards the base, their adjacent margins straight, very close together; otherwise as P. parviflora.— Micranthus longifolius, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367 partly. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don! Smeathman! Brown & Brown, 35! Scott-Elliot, 3993! Lagos: Yoruba, Millson, 127! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 913, partly ! Nile Land. Bongo: Gir, Schweinfurth, 1422! ‘The two anticous sepals appear at first sight to be one segment of equal breadth with the posticous segment, 4, P. angolana, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229. Leaves up t? 43 by 2 in., sparingly pubescent; petiole up to 13 in. long. Inflores- Phaylopsis. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 85 ences shoit-cylindrie or ovoid; lowest floral leaf orbicular, upper elongate elliptic-oblong. Two anticous calyx-segments ligulate-spathu- late; otherwise as P. parviflora.—Micranthus angolanus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493, Lower Guinea, Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5146, 5175! Congo, Smith! Bittner, 455! This differs from the preceding species by the large leaves and the narrower bracts to the spikes, o. P. Poggei, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 4 by 1} in., sparingly pubescent ; petiole up to 13 in. long. Inflorescences short-cylindric ; upper floral leaves elongate up to 4-2 in. long. Posticous calyx- Segment elliptic-oblong, tip triangular acute; 2 anticous calyx-segments ligulate. Corolla-tube hardly } in. long; otherwise as P. parviflora — Micranthus Poggei, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 108, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 298. Phaulopsis Poggei, Lindau in Engl. « Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii—iv. 305. . joes” Land. British East Africa: East side of Lake Albert Nyanza, Scott-Elliot, Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Stanley Pool, 900 ft., Hens, 52! meee Central. Congo Free State: Nyangwe, on the River Lualaba, Pogge, Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston, 102! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte! Songwe and Karonga, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte ! Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte! This species resembles P. angolana in the habit and large leaves; it differs strikingly on account of the very leafy look of the inflorescences, 6. PR, microphylla, 7’. Anders. MS. Innovations and inflorescences hairy, stem and leaves soon glabrescent. Leaves all small, longest up 1 in, long. Inflorescences ovoid, scarcely } in. in diam., many- lowered, obscurely strobilate ; floral leaves (except a few of the lowest) elliptic or oblong. Calyx: posticous segment oblong-elliptic, 2 anticous Segments linear-oblong, slightly spathulate. Corolla } in. long; other- wise as P. parviftora.—Micranthus microphyllus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493. silvestris, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 107, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam., iv. 3B. 298. Phaulopsis silvestris, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii—iv. 305; Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, p. 77. Upper Guinea. Ashanti: Assin-yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 71! Cameroons: nea, Preuss, 701! Maer Guinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyaur, 6! Gaboon River, nn ! 7. P. micrantha, (. 3. Clarke. Weak; leaves up to 3 by 1} at acuminate at both ends, entire, unequal at the base, sparingly pubescent ; Petiole up to 1} in. long. Inflorescences ovoid, } in. long, or of very ew flowers. Calyx + in. long; 2 anticous segments narrowly ok Jona Ceolate, obtuse. Corolla-tube { in. long ; capsule ¢ in. long. — ites ™eranthum, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480. 86 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Phaylopsis. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Efulen, Bates, 259! 282! Lower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Don! Moller, 90! 8. P. obliqua, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229. Leaves up to 2 by 1 in., acuminate, at both ends, regularly crenate-serrate, unequal at the base, sparingly pubescent ; petiole up to 2 in. long. Flowers in axillary clusters } in. in diam., not at all strobilate. Calyx } in. long ; 2 anticous segments linear. Corolla scarcely } in. long —WMicranthus obliquus, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 298, and in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 147. I. Hensi, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 114. Phaulopsis obliquus, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.—iv. 305. Lower Guinea. Gaboon River, Mann, 1008! Lower Congo: Stanley Pool, 1000 ft., Hens, 29! Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5115! 9, P. Johnstoni, C. B. Clarke. Small, twiggy, branched, glabrescent. Leaves and flower-clusters mostly at the ends of branches, glandular- pubescent. Leaves up to 14 by } in., narrowed at both ends, entire, mostly sessile; petiole occasionally 4 in. long; leaves often passing gradually into lower bracts. Clusters of flowers approximate, not strobilate. Two anticous calyx-segments linear. Corolla nearly 4 in. long. Filaments sparsely hairy; anther-cells all strongly tailed. Ovary with hairs and glands nearly to the base. Lower Guinea, Angola: Huilla, Antunes, A.117! by the river Cunene, John- ston ! Quita; Gambos, Newton ! 10. P. Barteri, 7’. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 27. Stems 1-3 ft. high (at the least). Leaves up to 44 by 2-1 in., acuminate at both ends, ovate or elliptic but more often oblong, entire, glabrescent or minutely scabrous ; petiole in the type examples 0-3} in. long, some- times 1} in. long. Spikes in the type 24 by 1 in., dense strobilate; lower bracts depressed-orbicular. Posticous calyx-segment elliptic ot oblong, two anticous free very nearly to the base, linear, spathulate. Corolla-tube 4 in. long, upper half inflated funnel-shaped or almost campanulate.— Micranthus Barteri, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 298. M. togoensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 8. Phaulopsis Barteri, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.—iv. 305. Upper Guinea. Togoland: Bismarckburg, Kling, 186! 193! 194! Buittner, 177 ! 336! Baumann, 364! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 913! Lower Niger: Onitsa, Barter, 845! Cameroons: Victoria, Preuss, 1208! Mile Land. British East Africa: Bongo; Addai, Schweinfurth, 2520 ! Jur; Dimo, Schweinfurth, 4267 ! Lower Guinea. Gaboon River, Mann, 1010! _ T. Anderson founded this species, by uniting Barter 845 and 913, and ascribing to them the character “ two anticous calyx-segments connate more than half-way up,” which is not the case ; in both of them, and in all the material brought here, these segments are (as throughout the genus) nearly free. Barter 845, with scabrous leaves, is Phaylopsis. } XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 87 identical with the example of P. ¢ogoensis communicated by Lindau, Barter 913 has very large leaves (not scabrous), and is like Schweinfurth’s 2520, which has leaves up to 7 in. long, 11. P, lankesterioides, (. 2. Clarke. Leaves 14 by 2 in., hairy ; petiole 4 in. long. Inflorescences 2 by 1} in., dense, substrobilate ; bracts 3~2 in, in diam., orbicular. Two anticous calyx-segments, } in. long, linear, not widened upwards. Corolla pale-red; tube 4—1 in. long, linear, not inflated at the top.— Micranthus lankesterioides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 9, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 298, fig. 120, G-H. Phaulopsis lankesterioides, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii—iv. 305. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Buchner, 156! Katete Berg, Buchner, 12. P. glandulosa, C. B. Clarke. Branches slender, woody. Leaves up to 13 by } in., lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, subsessile, when mature very thinly hairy. Spikes 1-2 by 1 in., rather dense, hairy; bracts ? in. long, narrow-elliptic ; bracteoles 0. Posticous calyx- segment } by ,', in., other 4 segments subequal, } in. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla-tube exceeding 1 in. in length, linear to the top; lobes 5, obovate, 4 in. long. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers exserted, short, ovate, microscopically pointed at the base; pollen ellipsoid, trigonous, longitudinally ribbed. Style hairy, branches one short and ear-oblong, the other suppressed.— Micranthus glandulosus, Lindau in gl. Jahrb. xxii. 115. Lower Guinea, Angola: Huilla; Chella Mountains, Johnston! Antunes, 117! 24. PETALIDIUM, Nees ; Benth et. Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1081. a . e 1 Calyx small; segments lanceolate or linear, 2 anticous connate } their length or (in most African species nearly to the tip. Corolla small (or in P, canine 1 in. long) ie straight or curved, dilated in the upper half or only funnel-shaped at the very top; segments 5, contorted in bud, nearly equal (or in P. variabile unequal), two-lipped yr not. Stamens 4, subsimilar; filaments nearly glabrous except at the > anther-cells parallel, subequal, base short-tailed apiculate or muticous ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally few ribbed, stopples 8, with (nearly always) 1 tubercle above and below each stopple. Style thinly hairy ; stigmatic arms linear-oblong, subequal or unequal, rarely one obsolete, Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, glabrous. Capsule small, commonly } in. long, sessile, ovate or ellipsoid, compressed, hard, "own, shining, woody throughout, placents with seeds rising elastically from the base of the capsule, Seeds 4 or more often 2, with numerous Y8toscopic hairs.—Small, shrubby. Leaves entire. Pedicels to flowers very short; inflorescence of contracted monopodial cymes, often uced to Single flowers, of which many branches are often sterile and carrying linear (often long ciliate) bracts. Bract small, narrow, 88 XCVIII. ACANTHACE.E (CLARKE). [ Petalidium. or 0; bracteoles large, ovate or elliptic, concave, enclosing calyx, ultimately more or less scarious and reticulately veined. Species 18 in Africa and the Mascarene Islands; 1 in India, * PSEUDOBARLERIA. Two anticous calyx-segments con- nate more than $ their length. Innovations tomentose with stellate white hairs. also 15, P. canescens). Inflorescence lax or flowers solitary. Inflorescences without sterile branches interpersed. Leaves obvate-oblong, obtuse. Bracteoles 4 in. long. or more Bracteoles less than } in. Leaves (up to 2 in. long) with acute triangular tip . Spikes loose, several- flower ed, interspersed with sterile branches 2-3 in. long . Inflorescences very dense, near the base of the stem. Leaves round ; hairs stellate Leaves oblong ; ; hairs dendroid . . Innovations with simple sometimes gland-tipped ( (not stellate white) hairs. Inflorescence lax or flowers solitary (See also 15, P. canescens). (See Inflorescences without sterile branches inter- spersed., Leaves 3 in. long; cymes small; plant white strigose . Leaves 1 in. long; flowers 3- 1 together ; "hairs gland- tipped . . . Leaves 3 in. long, glandular pubescent ; flowers 5-1 together . Inflorescence with sterile branches interspersed. Spines representing sterile branches, ? in. long, Corolla-tube 3 in. long. : . Corolla-tube 4 4-t in, long . Sterile branches 4-2 in. long, hardly epinous (See also 14. P. variabile). Leaves 3 in. long ; inflorescences benally near the base of the stem . . Leaves 1} in. long; inflorescences in upper part of the stem . Inflorescences dense, many-flowered. Whole plant densely and minutely (yellow or dusky) hairy Innovations densely white strigose ‘(no stellate hairs) . . Whole plant with innovations (except intlores- cences) glabrous ** Ev-PrTatipiuM, Two anticous connate less than } their length ; tube 1 in. long or more calyx-segments corolla fine red ; 1. P. latifolium, C. 2. Clarke. > - 16. . P. latifolium. . P. englerianum. . P. physaloides, . P. Welwitschit. . P. halimoides. . P. lanatum. . P. ovatum, . P. glandulosum. P. Currort. . P. spiniferum, . P. huillense. . P. rupestre. . PB. glutinosum. . P. variabile. . P. canescens. P. Lepidagathis. 17. P. coccineum. Low shrub, covered densely with white stellate hairs which disappear from the older parts. Leaves up Petalidium.| XCVII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE), 89 to 1? by ? in., obovate-oblong, obtuse with minute mucro, base tapering ; petiole 0-1 in. long. Flowers few, loosely approximate or solitary on the upper part of the branches; ‘“ yellow and chocolate” (Lugard) ; bracteoles } by Lin. Calyx } in. long; two anticous segments connate { their length. Corolla yellow; tube more than } in. long; slightly funnel-shaped at the top. Filaments sparsely hairy; anthers at the base mucronate, hardly tailed.—Psewdobarleria latifolia, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi. 197. Lower Guinea. German South West Africa: Amboland; Oshando, Schinz, 88! Dammaraland, Een / Mozamb. Dist. British Centra) Africa: Ngamiland, Kwebe, Lugard, 121! _ 2. P. englerianum, (. B. Clarke. Low shrub, covered densely with stellate hairs which disappear from the older parts. Leaves up to i} by } in., obovate-oblong, obtuse, with minute mucro, base tapering ; petiole 0-4 in. long. Flowers 3-7 in loose short spikes near the middle of a branch; bracteoles 2 by 4 in. Calyx } in. long; 2 anticous Segments connate 4 their length. Corolla-tube 2 in. long. Capsule more than } in. long.—Pseudobarleria engleriana, Schinz in. Verhandl. Bot. Ver, Brandenb. xxxi. 197. Pa Lower Guinea. German South West Africa: Hereroland; Omapiu, Schinz, This looks as if it might bea small example of P. latifolium ; but the bracteoles are much smaller. 3, P. physaloides, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 225, 228, t. 212, hg. - Innovations densely tomentose with white stellate hairs which soon isappear ; branches erect, quadrangular, rather slender. Leaves up to 2 by 1 in., narrowed at both ends, glabrous when mature, tip acutely triangular ; petiole 0-} in. long. Flowers solitary or 2 approximated towards the upper part of the branches; bracteoles } by hin, veined, stellate hairs more or less persistent. Calyx } in. long; two anticous Segments connate 3 their length. Corolla orange-red (S. Moore) ; tube In. long, slightly widened at the top, Filaments (free portion) nearly glabrous, Capsule exceeding } in. long, often 2-seeded. — Pseudo- seria Physaloides, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5000 ! 4. P. Welwitschii, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 227, 228, t. 212, fg. 1 Procumbent shrub, innovations densely tomentose with white bs late hairs which soon disappear more or less. Leaves up to 1} by Lin., 1p obtuse triangular, base suddenly narrowed ; petiole 4-4 in. long. °Wers 3-12 in loose axillary compound spikes, interspersed with Many barren branchlets 2-3 in. long carrying distant linear-oblong bracts 4} in.; bracteoles } by } in. Calyx } in. long; two anticons Lements connate more than # their length. Corolla blue (S. Moore) ; ube Zin. long, inflated in the upper }. Filaments glabrous excep near the base; anthers minutely tailed. Capsule } in. long or more, 90 XCVIII. ACANTHACEZ (CLARKE). [ Petalidiwm. ovate, often 2-seeded.—Pseudobarleria Welwitschii, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 504! -5. P. halimoides, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 228. Procumbent shrub; innovations tomentose with more or less persistent stellate hairs. Leaves 1} in. in diam., roundish; petiole 4 in. long. Flowers in dense heads often in the lower part of the stems, intermixed with sterile branches 1 in. long, which in fruit harden into spines ; bracteoles } in. long, or a little more, reticulately veined. Calyx } in. long ; segments obtuse, 2 anticous connate ? their length. Corolla red ; tube 4 in. long, dilated upwards. Filaments glabrous except at the base; anthers minutely tailed. Capsule } in. long, often 2-seeded.—P. lorantht- foliwm, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 227, 228. Barleria halimoides, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 231; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 32. Pseudobarleria halimoides and P. loranthifolia, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 4997! and without precise locality, Curror ! 6. P, lanatum, C. B. Clarke. Densely woolly with white dendroid hairs. Leaves 24 by 1 in., wool disappearing with age, tip triangular apiculate; petiole 0-} in. long. Spikes oblong up to 2 by } in. F ovoid, very dense, mostly near the base of the branches ; linear bracts 3-3 in. long, of sterile branches numerous exceeding the bracteoles; bract 4 in. long, linear; bracteoles 2 in. long, reticulately veined. Calyx { in. long; 2 anticous segments connate 3 their length. Corolla brown-orange (Engler); tube } in. long; lobes small narrow. Fila- ments hairy; anthers (at least of the anticous stamens) minutely tailed. Style thinly hairy, one branch suppressed.—Pseudobarlera lanata, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 258; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Lower Guinea. German South West Africa: Hereroland; Hykamkab, 1200 ft., Marloth, 1280! 7. P. ovatum, C’. B. Clarke. Undershrub, up to 3 ft. high, densely white-tomentose with minute adpressed, not stellate, hairs. Leaves 3 by 4 in., ovate, thick; petiole up to ;3, in. long. Inflorescence 12 small rather loose cymes; bract j; in. long; bracteoles } in. long; ovate, reticulately veined. Calyx } in. long; two anticous segments connate nearly to the top. Corolla-tube 4 in. long; anther-cells 8, all distinctly and minutely white-spurred. Capsule hardly exceeding 4 1. long; style-base enlarged with two discs on the posticous face (like those generally present in Blepharis).—Pseudobarleria ovata, Schinz Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi. 198. Lower Guinea. German South West Africa: Dammaraland; Otjimbingu® Lindner ! Kaoko, Belck, 20! Petalidiwm. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 91 8. P. glandulosum, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 226. Innova- tions with small hairs, many gland-tipped. Leaves up to 14 by # in,, ovate; petiole up to 4 in. long. Inflorescences few-flowered, very lax,. both near the base and the top of a branch; bracteoles 2 in. long, ovate, reticulate-veined, glandular-pubescent. Calyx } in. long; two anticous. segments connate almost to the tip, posticous segment narrow-oblong from an ovate base. Corolla-tube 3 in. long, moderately inflated in the upper half. Style thinly hairy, branches nearly equal.—Pseudobarleria glandulosa, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 299. Lower Guinea. Angola: Benguela, Welwitsch, 5047! 9. P, Currori, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 226, 228, Stout undershrub, subpersistently glandular-pubescent all over, Leaves up to 33 by 14 in., ovate; petiole up to } in. long. Inflorescences of 1-5 flowers, loose, scattered ; bracteoles 1 by 4 in., subacute, reticulately veined. Calyx } in. long; segments acute, 2 anticous united nearly to the tip. Corolla-limb of 5 subequal ovate segments, about % in. in Filaments glabrous except at the base; anthers at the base mucronulate, hardly spurred. Style thinly hairy, branches 2 linear, Unequal. Capsule nearly } in. long, 4—2-seeded. — Pseudobarleria hirsuta, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 26. P. Currori, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Lower Guinea, Angola, Curror ! _ 10. P. spiniferum, (. 2. Clarke. Hairy with simple and gland- tipped hairs. Leaves (only some on young shoots seen), 1 by % in., narrowly elliptic. Flowers 1 or 2 on very short axillary branches ending in stout spines ? in. long; bract obsolete ; bracteoles } by 3 in., hatrowly elliptic-oblong, hairy, not strongly veined. Calyx: posticous. Conent 3 in. long, 2 anticous segments connate nearly to the tip. An la-tube ? in. long, nearly equally cylindric; lobes 4} in. long. é nthers, pollen and stigmas of the genus. Capsule } in. long; seeds of © genus.—Petalidii sp. nova, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 228. Lower Guinea. Angola: Chella Mountains, Johnston ! ' = obtusa, C. B. Clarke. Leaves obovate-elliptic very obtuse. Corolla rather Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 4998! ti ai P. huillense, (. B. Clarke. Hairy with simple and gland- ‘pped hairs; branchlets 6 in. long. Leaves } by 4 in., oblong-elliptic. lo tee TS 1 or 2 on very short axillary branches ending in spines } in. hg; bracts obsolete ; bracteoles 4-3 by } in., narrowly elliptic-oblong, in hairy, Calyx: posticous segment } in. long, 2 anticous segments lobes 1 peony to the tip. Corolla-tube 4-4 in. long, inflated upwards ; in. long. Anthers, pollen, and pistil of the genus. , wower Guinea. Angola: Chiviqua, and banks of the River Cunene, Newton ; is can hardly be a small-flowered form of P. spiniferum; but no difference €Xcg; pt size and shape of corolla can be stated. ‘92 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Petalidium. _ 12. P. rupestre, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 226, 228. Shrub 2-3 ft. high; innovations moderately pubescent and glandular. Leaves 1 in. long, roundish, ultimately nearly glabrous; petiole } in. long, Inflorescence in lax 3-10-flowered heads often near the base of the stem interspersed with short infertile branches carrying linear-oblong bracts 4-3 in. long ; pedicels and base of bracteoles with long spreading white hairs; bracts 1} in. long, linear-oblong ; bracteoles 3—{ in. long, ovate- oblong, finally reticulate-nerved and glabrescent. Calyx nearly } in. long ; 2 anticous segments connate ? their length. Corolla white, some- times rose- or purple-striate; tube } in. long or more, funnel-shaped at the top; lobes 5 nearly equal. Filaments nearly glabrous; anthers with small tails. Style very thinly hairy; branches 2, equal. Capsule 1 in. long.—Pseudobarleria rupestris, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5022! Chella Mountains, Johnston ! 13. P. glutinosum, (’. B. Clarke. Shrub 3 ft. high (Engler); clothed with short white gland-tipped hairs and longer several-celled white hairs. Leaves 13 by 1} in., tip triangular apiculate; petiole up to Zin. long. Inflorescences laxly few-flowered in the upper part ° the stem, about 1 in. in diam. with a few short sterile branches inter- spersed; bracteoles 2 in. long, elliptic, subacute. Calyx } in. long, with simple suberect short hairs all over; two anticous segments connate } their length. Corolla dusky orange (Hngler); tube 4 in. long, funnel shaped upwards. Anthers mucronate at the base. Capsule } in. long.— Pseudobarleria glutinosa, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 259 ; Lindau in Engl. J ahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 13, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Lower Guinea. German South West Africa: Hereroland ; Usakos, 2800 ft Marloth, 1435! 14. P. variabile, (. B. Clarke. Minutely puberulous and yellowish- green, or densely adpressed ashy-hairy all over. Leaves 1 by $-3™ obtuse; petiole 4 in. long. Spikes rather lax, 6-10-flowered, with few short sterile branches, hardly spinous; bracts } in. long, lanceolate, obtuse ; bracteoles 7 in. long. Sepals about as long as the bracteoles. Corolla-tube } in. long; anticous lobe of limb } in. broad, nearly twice as wide as the others.—Pseudobarleria variabilis, Engl. in Engl. J ahr. x, 259, var, included; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3B. 300. Lower Guinea. German South West Africa: Hereroland; Usakos, 3000 fs Marloth, 1242! 12428! Luderitz ! 15. P. canescens, (’. B. Clarke. Small undershrub; innovations densely strigose with minute simple white hairs. Leaves 2 by 1¢ ™ nearly round, ultimately glabrescent, tip minutely triangular; petiole up to 1 in. long. Inflorescence 2 in. in diam., compound, dense, m@2J- flowered, near the base of a branch, with barren short branches inte™ 7 i Petakidium. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 93 spersed; bracts of barren branches linear, 1 by 35 in., clothed with spreading white hairs 4 in. long; bracteoles } in. long. Calyx } in. long; two anticous segments connate 2 their length. Corolla dusky blue (Engler) ; tube 2 in. long, inflated in the upper part. Filaments minutely hairy; anthers tailed. Disc large pyramidal. Style-branches linear, unequal. Capsule } in. long.—Pseudobarleria canescens, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 258; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Lower Guinea. German South West Africa: Hereroland; Karribib, 3200 ft., Marloth, 1429 ! Hykamkab, 1000 ft., Marloth, 1199! Usakos, Lindner ! 16. P. Lepidagathis, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 227, 228. Glabrous (even innovations) except the inflorescences. Leaves 3} by 3-1 in., lanceolate, tapering at both ends; petiole up to 1 in. long. Inflores- cences on short axillary branches near the base of the branches, 2~1 by 1 in, dense, interspersed with very short sterile branches; bracts to sterile branches 3-1 by 5}, in. with spreading white hairs ,4, in. long; bracteoles hardly 4 in. long. Calyx 1} in. long, minutely hairy within and without ; two anticous segments connate nearly to the tip. Corolla red or brownish-red ; tube nearly } in. long, slender, a little dilated at the top; limb hardly 4 in. in diam. Filaments glabrous except at the se; anthers minutely tailed. Capsule scarcely } in. long, 2-seeded where seen—Pseudobarleria Lepidagathis, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, flanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300 Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5007! 5020! This remarkable species is so closely mimetic of the “ radical-flowering ” species of epidagathis (L. radiculis, &c.) that an experienced collector might pass it for one. 17. P. coccineum, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 225, 228. Stem round, stoutish; innovations softly hairy, a few hairs gland- g. Leaves up to 23 by 2 in., ovate, obtuse, glabrescent, base obtuse or cordate ; petiole } in. long, hairy. Flowers 3-1 together, Scattered ; bracteoles up to 1 by } in. (many only }? by } in.) Calyx: posticous segment nearly } in. long, other segments } in. long, 2 anticous ‘onnate for 1 their length. Ccrolla bright red; tube exceeding 1 in. ong, Curved at the middle and much inflated above it; lobes 5, subequal, 3 in. long, obovate. Filaments glabrous except at the base ; anthers linear, at the base muticous or with a hair. Ovary glabrous ; Style sp arsely hairy, branches linear, subequal.—Pseudobarleria coccinea, Indau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 299. A Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5017! 5018! Huilla, ntunes, 90! in thickets by the River Cunene, Sciinz, 10! Humbe, banks of the River mene, and Chiviqua, Newton ! Amboland : Ondonga, Schinz ! 0 Lindau esteems this species a Pseudobarleria, in doing which he abandons the ony taracter (viz., the degree of union of 2 anticous calyx-segments) on which the Senus Pseudobarleria stands, The analogy of the allied genera, Dyschoriste, Ruellia, ” Warns us that the character need not be made generic. 94 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). | Blepharis. 25. BLEPHARIS, Juss.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1089. Calyx sub-4-partite to the base; 2 anticous segments connate nearly to the tip; posticous segment lanceolate 3-nerved, usually longer t nn the anticous; 2 interior segments narrow, long or short. Corol ; : posticous lip 0, replaced by a horny rim ; anticous lip nearly flat, 3- ; lobed, blueish, white, or fading to yellowish. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers 1-celled, narrow-oblong, muticous, fringed with white hairs near the slit ; filaments of 2 anticous stamens more flattened with rudiments of missing anther more developed ; pollen longish-ellipsoid, with a few very narrow longitudinal smooth chinks not reaching the poles. Ovary with 2-1 ovules in each cell, glabrous ; style glabrous (rarely with afew thin hairs below), branches 2, lanceolate; at the apex of the ovary oe the posticous face are 2 hollows filled with glands. Capsule ellipson flattened, woody, shining-brown, 2- (rarely 4-) seeded ; seeds cove with rope-like hair-bundles, which on applying water unroll into very long 1-celled hairs each furnished with a spiral band within.—Hars prickly, or smooth slender, undershrubs without stellate or gland-tipped hairs, except in B. pungens. Leaves (in all Tropical African species, -except B. tetrasticha) by the adjacent pairs being drawn together appeal ing in whorls of 4, outer pair in each whorl often smaller, sometimes very much smaller, or reduced and almost resembling stipules. Spikes o flowers strobilate ; bract green, ovate or obovate, veined, nearly always spinous; bracteoles 2 or 0, linear, rarely lanceolate, 1-nerved, acute; in many spikes all the bracts except the highest sterile, so that these are commonly described as having solitary flowers. Species 50, nearly all African, many in South Africa, a few extending through Arabia and the Orient region to India. * Leaves not spinous on the margin (or with sometimes a few small spines, in 6, B. affinis, 14. B. linariefolia, and 15. B. Asteracanthus). Bracteoles none. Every flower with 3-6 sterile bracts below it. (Note that the true flower-bract is next the two connate anticous calyx-segments. The bracteoles, when present, are lateral, thin- textured, except the midrib). One-flowered branches solitary. Leaves 1-24 in, long, occasionally 4 in. long. Bract }-3 in. long. Bract spathulate or obovate, tip triangular obtuse. . . . . . 1. B. boerhaaviafolia. Bract broadly obovate tip lanceolate re- curved . . . . . 2. B. pinguior. Bract } in, long; corolla more than 1 in. long 3. B. cuanzensis. Bract 3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate . 5. B. glumacea, Leaves 4-7 in. long; 1-flowered spikes pedicelled 4, B, hirtella. ‘One-flowered branches approximated or in heads, Leaves linear ; inmost calyx-segments nearly as long as the others. . . . . 6. B. affinis. Blepharis.] Leaves linear-oblong ; short . . . . . . Bracteoles at least 4 as long as the calyx, lanceolate, l-nerved. One-flowered branches solitary. Corolla 3 in. long. Leaves not bristly. Herb. Leaves hairy or glabrate . Dense woody undershrub. Leaves small, glabrate . . . . Leaves scabrous with white stiff hairs inmost calyx-segments XOVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 7, B. Bainesii. . B, molluginifolia, . B. fruticulosa, 95 9. B. setosa, Corolla 1 in. long . . . . 11. B. ruwenzoriensis. One-flowered branches approximate or in heads or strobilate. Corolla blue. Spikes in loose heads. Two innermost calyx-segments short . 12, B. pratensis. — Two innermost calyx-segments long 13, B. Welwitschii. Spikes strobilate; leaves linear, sometimes oo slightly toothed . . . . . 14, B. linariefolia. Spikes dense, compound, terminal ; flowers large 15. B. Asteracanthus. « Corolla clear yellow . ee 16, Be Sol. Leaves prickly-spinous on the margins (see also 6. B. affinis, 14. B. linariefolia, 15, B. Asteracanthus, in which the leaves are sometimes toothed). Leaves in each pseudo-verticil 4, heteromorphic, the outer pair (in the middle of the stem) often much reduced, appearing as spinous stipules. . Leaves linear ; inflorescences of short heads . . 17. B. Buchneri, Leaves broad-elliptic; inflorescences strobilate . 18. B. chrysotrioha. ves in decussate subequal pairs. . . . 19. B. tetrasticha, ves in each pseudo-verticil 4, not very unequal. Ovary (and fruit) with a large horny obversely ; mitriform cap . . . . . 20. B. obmitrata. Ovary without a large cap. Inflorescences strobilate. ; Leaves with spreading teeth ; spikes close . 21. B. edulis. Leaves with forward-pointing teeth; spikes looser . . . . . . . 22. B. serrulata, One-flowered branches in dense scorpiod com- ; . pound cymes . . . . . 24, B. panduriforms, One-flowered branches in numerous axillary sub- capitate cluster . Corclla shaggy * . 25. B. acanthodioides. Corolla slightly hairy . . . . 26. B. longifolia. One-flowered branches solitary or 2-4 approxi- 5 mated, sod Ines 1-2 j i w ’ P spinon in, Tong, Tinear, stout, y 93, B. Noli-me-tangere. Spines }-1 in, long. Leaves oblong-elliptic ; 1-flowered branches oo, mostly 2-4 together . . . . 27. B. diversispina. Leaves linear or linear oblong ; 1-flowered branches solitary . 29. B. pungens. One-flowered branches in dense heads 2-3 in. in diam, . . . 28. B. grandis. 96 XCVIII, ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [ Blepharis. 1. B. boerhaavizefolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180. Procumbent, slender, hairy or nearly glabrate. Leaves apparently 4-nate in distant whorls, up to 44 by 1} in. (in Kirk’s examples), commonly 1} by } in., frequently small, elliptic, narrowed at both ends, entire, sessile. One-flowered branches sessile, axillary, solitary or clustered; bract (i.e., the true flower-bract in the axil of which the flower stands) 1-4 in., spathulate or spathulate-obovate, rigid, with 3 strong green nerves, with 7-15 glochidiate spines (,1,—;/; in. long) round its head; bracteoles 0. Posti- cous calyx-segment ?—} in. long, 2 inmost calyx-segments about half as long. Corolla 4 in. long, or in form B abyssinica, Hochst., #—1 in. long. Capsule } in. long, or rather more, 2-seeded.Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 266; Wight Ic. t. 458; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481; A. Rich. Tent. F], Abyss. ii. 150; T. Anders.in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 34 ; Solms Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 107, 243; Franch. Sert. Somal. 53; C. B, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv.478 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 230; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 389; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 316, fig. 126, B-H, in Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 75. B. rubiefolia, Schumach. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 292. B. abyssinica, Hochst. MS. in Schimper 247. B. Togodelia, Solms. Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 108, 248; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. U. 369. B. involucrata, Solms Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 107. Acanthus maderaspatensis, Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 892. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 509! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Don! Scott-Elliot, 4525! Guinea, Thonning ! Lagos, Millen, 50! Nile Land. Eritrea: Aidereso, 4000 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 1431! Ginda, 3200 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 2180! Abyssinia: Hamasen, Steudner, 1510! 1530! 1531! Tigre; Axum, Schimper, 1492! Adowa, Petit, 328! Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 247 ! Serriro, 800 ft., Schimper, 497! Teramne and Mount Sholoda, Rohlfs § Stecker ! Wadi Togodele, Ehrenberg ! Samen; Jaja, Schimper, 352! and without precise locality, Pearce! Schimper, 159, 1895! Somaliland, Mrs. Lort Phillips! Miss Edith Cole! Riva, 878! Kordofan, Pfund, 440! British East Africa: Bongo, Schweinfurth, 27! 2700! 2761! Mombasa, Scott-Elliot, 6124! Kirk ! Ribe, Wakefield ! Taita; Ndi Mountain, Hildebrandt, 2545! Maungu Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith! Angola: Huilla, Welwitsch, 5054! Loanda, Welwitsch, 5199! 5129! Ambriz, Monteiro ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 517 ! Usambara Mascheua, Holst, 8854! Kwa Mshuza, Holst, 9130! Tanga, Holst, 4100! Ugalla tiver, Boehm, 277! and without precise locality, Fischer, 482! Portuguese* East Africa: near Sena, Kirk! Zambesi, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; ‘Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft. Whyte! River Shire, Kirk! and without precise locality, Med/er ! Lake Nyasa; Lukoma (Likoma Island ?), Bellingham ! The Abyssinian examples (both of Schimper, Petit, and Steudner) have the flower much larger than in the ordinary weed, and are the B. abyssinica, Hochst. MS. Solms Laubach, in Schweinfurth’s Beitr. Fl, Aethiopia, appears to have taken this as typical B. boerhaaviafolia ; and then to have described as a new species his B. Togode ia which is undistinguishable from the Indian weed. Schweinfurth’s 2761 has the bracts with recurved tips, the veins beautifully picked out with brown. Blepharis.] XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE), 97 2. B. pinguior, C. B. Clarke. Flower-bract } in. long, quadrate- ovate, suddenly narrowed into a narrow-lanceolate spinous tip which is rigidly recurved, adpressed to the back of the (apparently truncate) bract ; otherwise as B. boerhaavicfolia. Mozamb. Dist. Nyasaland, Buchanan, 914! Stem white-hispid (as are some examples of B. Loerhaaviefolia). One-flowered branches thicker than those of B. boerhaaviefolia, the 2 inmost calyx-segments longer, the capsule larger. 3. B. cuanzensis, Welw. ex S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 230. Slender, hairy or nearly glabrate. Leaves apparently 4-nate in distant whorls, up to 34 by ¢ in. (or in var. leptophylla, 8. Moore, l.c., 3 by to in., exactly linear). One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) sessile, axillary, solitary ; bract 3 in. long, oblong-obovate; bracteoles 0, Pos- ticous calyx-segment # in. long, 3-nerved ; 2 inmost segments lanceolate- ear, nearly as long as the 2 connate anticous segments. Corolla exceeding 1 in. in length, purple-blue.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 390. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; Cuanza River, Welwitsch, 5101! Huila, Welwitsch, 5080! 5053! 5056! Antunes ! Humpata, Newton, 260 ! Closely allied to B. boerhaaviefolia, as S. Moore observes. 4. B. hirtella, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx.28, Stem white-hirsute. eaves 4 in a whorl, up to 7 by 2in,, lanceolate. One-flowered branches reduced spikes) solitary, axillary, on peduncles 0-3 in. long. Posticous calyx-segment exceeding 1 in. in length, 2 inmost segments ? in. long. Corolla exceeding 1 in. in length, bright blue. Lower Guinea. Angola; Malange, Buchner, 16a! Closely allied to B. cuanzensis, as Lindau states. The leaves are much longer, Lindau Says narrower, but they are not nearly so narrow as in B. cwanzensis, vat. leptophylla, 8. Moore. ». B. glumacea, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 232. Sparingly pubescent, Stem slender, flexuous. Leaves apparently in distant whorls of 4, outer pair very much smaller, up to 3 by } in., narrowed at either end, sessile. One-Howered branches (reduced spikes) solitary, glabrous or with the ealyx puberulous; bract 3? in. long, elliptic-lanceolate ; racteoles 0. Posticous calyx-segment 2 in. long; 2 inmost calyx- yoments } in. long. Corolla ? in. long, bluish (S. Moore).—Engl. jo cbeebinged, Trop. Afr. 390; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 9 DB, 317, Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Welwitsch, 5052! 6. B. affinis, Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Seabrous-pube- Feu» becoming glabrous. Leaves in distant whorls of 4, 2 by grein» near, sessile, entire (or with a few teeth on the margin). One- wwered branches (reduced spikes) in small heads on short lateral spines bract $ in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, entire, hairy, Obit PPed ; bracteoles 0. Posticous calyx-segment $~} in. long, very von” Spine-tipped ; 2 anticous calyx-segments connate 3 their length, .v, 98 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Blepharis. spine-tipped; 2 inmost calyx-segments linear-lanceolate, spine-tipped, as long as the anticous segments.—Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 319. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Bagamoyo, Stuhlmann, 7259! Usuramo, Stuhlmann, 6671! 7. B. Bainesii, S. Moore, MS. Branches hispid with white hairs. Leaves 2 by }in., linear-oblong, entire, sessile, hispid with white hairs especially on the midrib beneath. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) densely clustered ; sterile bracts and floral-leaves linear-lanceolate, spine- tipped, not spinous on the margins ; bract 4 by {Jy in., strongly 3-nerved, obtuse, without spines on the margin, with 1 strong subterminal spine ; bracteoles 0. Posticous calyx-segment } in. long; 2 inmost calyx- segments } in. long. Tropical (?) Africa. South African Gold Fields, Baines ! 8. B. molluginifolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180. Procumbent, slender, hairy or nearly glabrate. Leaves apparently 4-nate in distant whorls, up to 1 by } in., from narrow-elliptic to linear-oblong, narrowed at both ends, sessile. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) sessile, axillary, solitary (rarely 2-3 approximated) ; bract 1-4 in. long, quadrate-obovate, strongly 3-nerved, with 7-15 spines, each ;},—;}; in. long, round its triangular-obtuse head ; bracteoles } in. long, lanceolate, bristle-tipped. Posticous calyx-segment 4-2 in. long ; 2 inmost calyx-segments linear- lanceolate, nearly as long. Corolla 4 in. long. Capsule } in. long, 2- seeded.—Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 266; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 500; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 479. B. saturejifolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 265; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 34; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 317, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. B. rupicola, Engl. Hochgebirgst. Trop. Afr. 389. B. cuspidata, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 76. Acanthus integrifolius, Linn, f. Suppl. 294. .A. repens, Vahl, Symb. ii. 76. Nile Land. Abyssinia; Schimper,521 partly! Somaliland : near Salole, 2200 ft. Riva, 417! British East Africa: Ruwenzori, Scott-Elliot, '7534 ! Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, ex Lindau, German East Africa, Fischer, 328! Also in South Africa and India. This plant much resembles B. boerhaaviefolia, and is mixed with it in herbaria. It usually bas narrower leaves. ‘There is nothing outside the calyx of B. boerhaavie- JSolia at all like the bracteoles here, 9. B. setosa, Vees in DC. Prod. xi. 265. Leaves 1-14 by } i» scabrous with several-celled white hairs. Bracteoles terminated by ® long white bristle ; otherwise as B. molluginifolia.—B. Hildebrandt, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 29, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1V- 3 B, 317, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Nile Land. British East Africa: Taita; Voi River, Hildebrandt, 2490! Lower Guinea. Amboland: Olukonda, Schinz, 16! Also in South Africa. Blepharis.| XCVIII, ACANTHACE® (CLARKE). 99 The Tropical African examples agree exactly with the type-plant of 2B, setosa, Nees; but this type is marked by T. Anderson, “ B. satureiifolia, var. linearifolia, T. Anders,” 10. B. fruticulosa, C. B. Clarke. A nearly glabrate, small, dense shrub; branches woody. Leaves 4 by } in., oblong, hard, whitish. Bracteoles 4 by 3, in. long, lanceolate, mucronate, beautifully veined, minutely hairy upwards. Two inmost calyx-segments like the bracteoles ; otherwise as B. molluginifolia. Wile Land. British East Africa: Kikuyu; Kidung Valley, 6000-7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6612! ll. B.ruwenzoriensis, (’.73.Clarke. Pubescent, prostrate ; leaves } in, long, oblong. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) solitary, sessile; bract 4 in. long, oblong ; bracteoles } in. long, linear. Posti- cous calyx-segment ? in. long; 2 inmost calyx-segments nearly 3 in. long, linear-lanceolate. Corolla 1 in. long, blue (Scott-Elliot). Anticous filaments very broad. ere Land. British East Africa: Ulu; Lanjora, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, This may prove only a luxuriant mountain form of B. molluginifolia. It differs mainly by the much larger corolla. 12. B. pratensis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1877, 294. Shrub 6-15 ft. high, hairy, afterwards often glabrate. Leaves apparently in whorls of 4, up to 24 by 42 in., somewhat leathery, narrowed at both ends, subsessile. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) in loose eads ; lowest sterile bracts (and floral leaves) lanceolate, often few- spned on the margin; flower-bract proper broadly-obovate, suddenly acuminate, mucronate (without spinous cilia at the tip); bracteoles % in, long, lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, 1-nerved, subentire, 1.€. Without spines near the tip. Posticous calyx-segment } in. long and Upwards, lanceolate, mucronate, entire, minutely and closely hairy with- out; 2 inmost calyx-segments about half as long, lanceolate. Corolla exceeding 1 in. in length, blue.—Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Mile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Wakefield ! Lamu Island, Hilde- brandt, 1906 | Mozamb,. Dist. German East Africa: Massoga, Stuhlmann, 6060! The bracteoles are said by S. Moore to be 2-3-nerved. The discrepancy between the deser iptions of bracteoles bere given and those of preceding authors is mainly one of terms, the word « bracteole ” being restricted here to the 2 lateral “ prophylla. 1. B. Welwitschii, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 231. Sterile cts spinous on the margins; flower-bract ovate, acuminate, spinous the Margin. Corolla nearly 1} in. in length; otherwise as * pratensis —Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 317; ngl. Hochgebirgsfl, Trop. Afr, 390. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Welwitsch, 5031! ; aif 8. Moore says that this species is very close to B. pratensis, and it seems to differ Ad little except in the more spinous sterile bracts and in the markedly Mellel OWer-bract. ‘The young branches are more scabrous, the leaves 2 by & in. parallel ‘ded, the flowers rather larger ; but these differences are small. bra on 100 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Blepharis. 14. B. linarizefolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180. Small shrub, hairy, after- wards glabrate. Leaves up to 3 by 4-1 in,, entire or sparingly toothed, hardly prickly, sometimes with few very small spines. Inflorescences often in forks of the branches, 3-1 by } in., strobilate ; bracts #1 in., ovate, suddenly and shortly acuminate, more or less recurved, spinous ; bracteoles 3-3 in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment }—% in. long, ovate; 2 inner calyx-segments half as long, oblong. Corolla 3-1 in. long, blue.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 86 ; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32; Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 76. B. sindica, T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 500; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. F). Brit. Ind. iv.479. B. dichotoma, Engl. in Eng]. Jahrb. x. 260. B. Passargei, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 117. Acanthodium hirtum, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 274; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 151; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fi. Aethiop. 102. A. grossum, Wight, Ic. t. 1535, 1536, not of Nees. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Leliévre! Senegambia, Heudelot, 179! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 716! Bornu, Vogel, 58! Cameroons: Garua, 800 ft. Passarge, 774! Wile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy, 256! Pfund, 15! 430! 433! Athiopia, Kotschy, 58! Gallabat: Matamma, Schweinfurth,73! Abyssinia: Sameu; Jaja, 3000-6000 ft., Schimper, 302! Mai Gibba, Rohlfs § Stecker! Shire, Petit! and without precise locality, Schimper, 390! British East Africa: Lake Baringo, Gregory ! Lower Guinea. Angola: Welwitsch, 2014! German South-west Africa: Hereroland, 2600 ft., Marloth, 1251! Also in South Africa, and extending into South-west Asia. 15. B. Asteracanthus, C. B. Clarke. Glabrescent except the inflorescence. Stems 1 ft. high, simple, straight, many-angled. Leaves in whorls of 4, subequal, up to 7 by 4-4 in., linear, entire or with very few teeth. Inflorescence a dense compound terminal spinous softly hairy head 2-3 in. in diam. Flower-bract 3-1 in. long, lanceolate; bracteoles ? in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment } in. long; 2 inmost calyx-segments % in. long, narrow-oblong, acute, mucronate. Corolla 1 in. long, very hairy.—B. acanthodioides, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229 partly. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Urungu; Fwambo, 5250 ft., Nutt! 16. B. Sol, C. B. Clarke. Stem glabrate, with long trailing branches. Leaves in distant whorls of 4; inner pair up to 6 by } in» lanceolate, subsessile, glabrous, entire, without spines. Inflorescence up to 7 in. in diam. ; floral-leaves 32, 3 by 4 in., spinous, pubescent, spreading radially, surrounding the lax compound short cyme of many one- flowered branches (reduced spikes). Flower-bracts linear-oblong, spinous, pubescent. Two outer calyx-segments exceeding ? in. in length, lanceolate ; 2 inner ? in. long, narrow-lanceolate. Corolla 1 in. long, clear yellow, minutely and sparsely pubescent. Pistil glabrate ; 2 pits filled with glands at the style-base. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft.. Whyte ! Blepharis. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE), 101 17. B. Buchneri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 30. Hairy or ultimately glabrate, except the inflorescence. Stem-leaves in distant whorls of 4, whereof the 2 inner are 2-5 by 4-4 in., linear or oblong, entire or with very few obscure teeth, 2 outer reduced, 4-1 in. long, ovate, lobed, with spines 4-1 in. long. Inflorescence 1-14 in. in diam. ; flower-bract 3 in. long, spathulate-oblong, acute, more or less spinous towards the top; bracteoles 0. Calyx # in. long, 2 inmost segments linear-lanceolate, nearly as long as the others. Corolla 1 in. long, blue.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318. B. acan- thodioides, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229 partly, not of Klotzsch. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5061! 5080! 5096! 5112! 5174! 5219! Mechow, 109! Malange, Buchner, 92! Caringa River, Wel- witsch, 5163! Cambo River, Mechow, 5474! South Central. Lunda: Lomani River, Pogge, 1217! Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, Whyte! _ 18. B.chrysotricha, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 32. Branches and innovations white-hairy. Leaves in whorls of two very unequal pairs (Lindau), larger leaves 3 by 12 in., broad-elliptic, triangular at either end, mature scabrous, nearly glabrous, margin sparingly dentate ; petiole in. long. Spikes 14 by 1 in., on very short lateral branchlets, few- flowered, strobilate. Flower-bracts 3 by # in., obovate, obtuse, strongly 3-nerved, nearly glabrous, with very long teeth. Posticous sepal 1-1} In. long, elliptic-oblong, nearly glabrous. Hairs of the anthers golden-brown.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318, and in Engl. Pl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usagara, Stuhlmann, 199! . The large leaf is detached, and the statement that the four leaves are in very unequal pairs cannot be verified. 19. B. tetrasticha, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 29. Branch 16 in. long, undivided, terete, pubescent. Leaves (exactly decussate) in “quidistant alternate pairs, 1 in. long, ovate, acuminate, spinous- 2 pened, sessile. Flowers forming a loose quasi-terminal spike th yt n.; flower-bracts 1 by } in., ovate, acuminate, long-spinous on © margin; bracteoles 3-1 in. long, linear, softly hairy. Posticous .yX-Segment 1 in. long, minutely hairy. Corolla 1} in. long.—Lindau m Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318. 56g oF Guinea, Angola: Malange, Buchner, 6! Kuango River, Mechow, . 20. B. obmitrata, (.B. Clarke. Hairy or later glabrate. Leaves in apparent whorls of 4, subsimilar, 14-2 by 4-4 in., oblong or elliptic, sUbsessile, margin regularly spinous-toothed. Inflorescences 1-3} by 1 ™., strobilate, flower-bract 1-1} in. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ngid, spinous; bracteoles 3-1 in. long, linear. Posticous calyx- “gment } in, long; 2 inmost calyx-segments } in. long. Corolla | in. 102 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). | Blepharis. long, blue. Ovary with a large obversely-mitriform horny cap below the 2 glands on the posticous style-base. {4 Lower Guinea. Angola: Humbe, on the River Cunene, and Gambos, Newton! and without precise locality, Johnston / Also in South Africa. 21. B. edulis, Pers. Syn. ii. 180. Grey pubescent or nearly glabrate. Stem short, rigid, branched. Leaves in fours at the sterile nodes; upper pair 2 by } in., oblong or narrow-elliptic, sessile, spinous- margined ; lower pair smaller but similar. Inflorescences strobilate, up to 4 in. long, sometimes short; bracts 1-1} in. long, ovate, acuminate, recurved, spinous, puberulous, more or less hairy on the nerves without when young; bracteoles linear, }-} in. long. Posticous calyx-segment 3-2 in. long, broadly ovate, very hairy; 2 inmost calyx-segments 4-1 in. long. Corolla 3 in. long or rather more, blue. Capsule } in. long or rather more, 2-seeded.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 36; Zarb in Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 520; Oliv. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxix. 128; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318, fig. 126, A; in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 369, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 76. Ruellia ciliaris, Linn. Mant. 892 R. persica, Burm. FI. Ind. 135, t. 42, fig. 1. Acanthus edulis, Forsk, Fl. Agypt.-Arab. 114. A. Delilii, Spreng. Syst. ii. 819. A. tetragonus, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. lxv. Acanthodium spicatum, Delile, Fl. Agypt.97, t. 33, fig. 2; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 274; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop, 102, 242; Franch. Sert. Somal. 53; Beck in Paulit. Harar. 459. Wile Land. Nubia: near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 67! Coastland, 0-4000 ft.»s Bent ! Schweinfurth, 349 ! between Korosko and Berber, Kotschy, 341 ! Meroe (Assur), Speke & Grant ! Dongola, Ehrenberg! Kordofan, Kotschy, 33! Eritrea: near Saati, Schweinfurth & Riva, 491! Massowa, Hildebrandt, 7234! Steudner! Keren, Steudner, 1525! Habab, 7000 ft., Hildebrandt, 458! Abyssinia: Valley of Dallul, Roth, 479! Airuri, Stecker, 31! and without precise locality, Salt! Schimper, 163 ! Somaliland: Baraua (Brava), Hildebrandt, 1816! Daua River, Riva, 1460! Harrar, Robecchi, 6! and without precise locality, Mrs. Lort-Phillips! Miss Edith Cole ! British East Africa: Sabaki River, Gregory ! Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2613! Mozamb. Dist. Kilimanjaro: Marangu, 3000 ft., Volkens, 556! The synonym Ruellia ciliaris, Linn., is doubtful; Linnaeus’ description is too short. 22. B. serrulata, Ficalho d: Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. 2, Bot. ii, 24, Leaves very spinous, with forward-pointing teeth. Spikes 3-10-flowered, smaller and looser than in B. edulis ; bracts 3 in. long; densely short-hairy, nerves hirsute. Corolla ? in. long, otherwise 48 B. edulis. —B. procumbens, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe, vii. 35 partly. Acanthodium serrulatum, Nees in DC. Prod. xi, 275. A. diversispinwm, var. a, only Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 275, Lower Guinea. Angola: Chella Mountains, Johnston ! Amboella ; Kuando River, at Ninda, Serpa Pinto. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Lugard, 85! Also in South Africa. Blepharis. ] XCVILI. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 103 23. B. Noli-me-tangere, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 231. Small shrub, very prickly, nearly glabrous except calyx and corolla. Leaves in fours, up to 14 by } in., oblong, spinous-margined. One- flowered branches (reduced spikes) mostly solitary, sometimes 2-3 together; lowest floral-leaves (and leaves on axillary sterile shoots) reduced to simple or compound spines }-2 in. long; bract 1 in. long, obovate, acuminate, spinous, puberulous or glabrescent; bracteoles j-1 in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment 3 in. long; 2 inmost calyx-segments } in. long. Corolla 1 in. long. Capsule nearly } in. long, 2-seeded.— Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318. B. pruinosa, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 260. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5045! German South-west Africa: Hereroland, Usakos, 3000 ft., Marloth, 1444! Omapiu, Schinz, 17! 24, B. panduriformis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 30. Shrubby, 8-12 in. high, hairy, afterwards glabrate except the inflorescence. Leaves up to 24 by 4-4 in., linear or lanceolate, spinous-margined. Inflorescence of one-flowered branches (reduced spikes) crowded in a scorpioid manner, not strobilate ; floral-leaves 1-1} by }-} in., spinous- margined, pubescent ; flower-bract scarcely } in. long, oblong-elliptic, acute, spinous ; bracteoles } in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment {+1 in. long, ovate-oblong, somewhat widened again below the apex and then truncate, finely veined in the type example, more hairy (venation less prominent) in other specimens; 2 inmost calyx-segments }-% in. long. Corolla 3+1 in. long.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. lv. 3 B. 318, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Nile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Wakefield! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe; on dry hills, 4000-5000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8190! Masai country, Fischer, 486! Uniamwezi ; Urambo, Hannington ! Irangi, Stuhlmann, 4226 ! 25. B. acanthodioides, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 212. Branches erect, frequently dividing, scabrous pubescent, ultimately glabrous, Leaves up to 3 by 3} in., lanceolate, sparingly spinous- margined, glabrate when mature. Inflorescence of many axillary clusters, each cluster of 2—6 one-flowered branches (reduced spikes); outer floral-leaves 1-14 by 1 in., rigid, lanceolate, with many marginal ‘pines, nearly glabrous; sterile bracts lanceolate, spinous, with many Prominent white hairs at the top, almost obscuring the strong terminal ‘Pine ; flower-bract, hardly 2 in. long, lanceolate, similar to the sterile racts; bracteoles % in. long, linear. Calyx-segments and_bracteoles ended by a strong spinule, which is nearly concealed by tufts of long White hairs on the tips. Posticous segment (and articous connate resents) } in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acute; 2 inmost segments } in. Ong, linear. Corolla 1 in. long, or rather more, densely shaggy with- out by long white hairs.—Lindau in Eng}. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369 (acanthoides), Ag Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Rios de Sena, Peters ! British Central mea: Nyasaland, Buchanan, 18 ! 104 XCVIII, ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [ Blepharis. 26. B. longifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 32, Stem stout, permanently hairy or glabrate. Leaves up to 4-6 by $-3 in., linear or oblong. Floral-leaves densely minutely grey strigose. ‘Tips of calyx- segments spinous, without long white hairs. Corolla blue, very thinly hairy; otherwise as B. acanthodioides.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: East shore of Lake Tanganyika, Scott- Elliot, 8354! Unyamwezi; Oallo (Wala) River, Stuhlmann, 485! British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Buchanan, 696! 27. B. diversispina, C. B. Clarke. Grey or fuscous pubescent, afterwards glabrate. Leaves apparently 4 in a whorl, subsimilar, 1} by 3 in., narrow elliptic, spinous-margined; sterile shoots in their axils (as well as the lowest floral-leaves) reduced to simple spines }-1 in. long, passing upwards into compound spines and into floral leaves. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) 2-6 together, axillary or themselves grouped into short ovoid spikes; flower-bract % by nearly 4 in., ovate, short-acuminate, spinous-margined, closely hairy without ; bracteoles linear, 3 in. long. Posticous sepal 3 in. long; 2 inmost sepals 4-4 in. long, lanceolate. Corolla ? in. long or rather more, blue.— B. procumbens, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 35 partly. B. edulis, var., S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229. Blepharis, sp. nova, B. edult, Pers. affinis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 232. Acanthodiwm diver- sispinum, var. (3, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 275. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5014! 5019! Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Rhodesia; between Tamafopa and Yoruah Springs, Holub, 1143! 1144! 1145! 1146! Also in South Africa, In this species and its allies the axillary sterile shoots, above the 4-whorled leaves, begin with simple spines (in place of leaves) and develop into the flower-spikes of the next season, at the foot of which these simple spines persist as the lowest floral-leaves. The very different group of Blepharis, wherein the lower pair of each whorl of 4 stem- leaves is reduced to compound (or even simple) spines, has been confused herewith. 28. B. grandis, (’. B. Clarke. Branches stout, glabrate. Leaves in distant whorls of 4 (outer pair rather shorter) up to 54 by 1 in, spinous-margined, glabrous; petiole } in. long. Heads of 1-flowered branches (reduced spikes) several, axillary and terminal, 2-3 in. in diam., globose, dense, softly hairy ; bracts lanceolate, softly spinous ; bracteoles 4 in. long, linear. Two outer calyx-segments 3 in. long, lanceolate ; 2 inner # in. long, narrow-lanceolate. Corolla 1} in. long, fine blue, shortly hairy within and without. Pistil glabrate; 2 pits filled with glands at the style-base. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte! 125! Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! 29. B. pungens, Aotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 211, t. 33. Branched suberect shrub, 1-3 ft. high, pubescent, afterwards glabrate. Blepharis. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 105 Leaves up to 2 by 1 in., spinous-margined, with many minute gland- tipped hairs. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) axillary, solitary, scattered, and in the upper axils approximated ; flower-bract 3 in, long, narrow-elliptic or oblong, spinous-margined ; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2 in. long, minutely hairy, veins conspicuous ; 2 inmost segments 7 in. long, linear-lanceolate. Corolla 1 in. long or rather more.—Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 369. B. Stuhlmanni, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 31, in os Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. . 370. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Manjansa Brook, Stuh/mann, 678 ! Muansa, Stuhimann, 4596 ! Portuguese East Africa: Tete, Kirk! Carvalho! Peters! near Banga, Kirk, 286! Imperfectly known species. 30. B. Phillipseze, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1897, 375. Woody, much-branched, canescent small shrub. Leaves apparently in false Whorls of 4, 2 in. long, oblong or elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, not spinous, thick, minutely grey scabrid. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) Solitary, axillary; lower empty bracts about 8, decussate, up to ] in. long, oblanceolate, tipped with 3-1 spines. Corolla ? in. long. Nile Land. Somaliland: Bihen, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! If the bracteoles are 0, as may be inferred from Rendle’s description, this species would be near B, boerhaaviefolia, 31. B. trinervis, Dew2vre in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 104 (name only). Leaf 14 by 3? in., obovate-elliptic, obtuse, sessile, “herved, spinous-margined, softly hairy. Flowers sessile, softly hairy ; pract in. long, elliptic, acute, spinous, hairy. Corolla scarcely 3 in, ng. South Central, Congo Free State: Upper Congo; Katanga, Cornet, Ussumba, Dewevre ! his may be any Blepharis, The species was founded on the above-described Msufficient fragments, 26. ACANTHUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1090. _ Calyx sub-4-partite to the base; 2 anticous segments connate high up or quite to the tip; posticous segment lanceolate or oblong, “herved ; 2 interior segments narrower. Corolla; posticous lip 0, represented by a thickened sinus at the level of insertion of the Stamens ; anticous lip nearly flat, 3-5-lobed ; middle (anticous) segment Cutside in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar; filaments glabrous ; anthers 1-celled, oblong, muticous, fringed with white hairs; pollen ellipsoid with 3 narrow longitudinal chinks. Ovary with 2-1 ovules in each cell, Sabrous ; style glabrous, except in A. eminens; branches 2, subequal, Srort-lanceolate or very small. Capsule ellipsoid, woody, shining brown, ~ (rarely 4-) seeded ; seeds discoid, without hairs.—Shrubs or small , Leaves pinnatifid or entire, prickly or not. Flowers usually *8e, In long or short spikes; bract ovate, spinous or unarmed, or 0 ; 106 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Acanthus. bracteoles 2, ovate, spinous or unarmed, or linear, or 0, A genus very close to Blepharis, which is absolutely separated by the hairy seeds. Species 8 or 10, extending from South Europe and Africa to Malaya, Australia, and Polynesia. Bracts very spinous; pollen oblong-ellipsoid; seeds shining brown. Leaves spinous, lobed, often subpinnatifid. Anticous calyx-segment 1 in. long, with entire tip 1. A. arboreus. Anticous calyx-segment 3 in, long, shortly 2-lobed. Lobes of anticous calyx-segment short, rounded. 2, A. eminens. Lobes of anticous calyx-segment ending in short spines . . . . Leaves serrate, hardly lobed Leaves subentire. Leaves elongate, obovate-lanceolate Leaves elliptic, short acuminate, Anticous calyx-segment nearly 1 in. long . Anticous calyx-segment 4-3 in. long . . Bracts not spinous on the margin ; pollen short-ellipsoid (subglobose) ; seeds corrugated . . A, montanus. . A. Barteri. me OO nr . A, mayaccanus. 6. A. latisepalus. 7, A, Dusenii. 8 . A, ilicifolius. 1. A. arboreus, Yorsk. Flor. Zgypt.-Arab. 115. Pubescent or glabrate, stout shrub 3-19 ft. high. Leaves up to 12 by 6 in. (often only half this size), pinnatifid half-way down, or lobate with doubly spinous margin ; petiole 0-} in. long. Spikes 3-1, terminal, up to 6-10 by 2 in., often pubescent or hairy; bracts 1} by } in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with many strong spines on the margin 1 in. long; bracteoles 1} by } in., spinous on the margins. ‘Posticous calyx-segment exceeding 1 in. in length, lanceolate, 3-nerved, spine-tipped ; anticous calyx-segment exceeding 1 in. in length, lanceolate, 2-nerved ; 2 inmost calyx-segments } in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, mucronate. Corolla 1} in. long, rose or pale-purple. Capsule } by } in.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 37; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. ‘Trop. Afr. 390; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 319. A. arboreus, vat: pubescens, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 129, t. 86. A. polystachius, Delile, Cent. Pl. Afr. 62, t- 1, fig. 2. A. pubescens, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 390; Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 370, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 76. 4. Gaéd, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 33, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. Cheilopsis arborea, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 272. Ch. polystachya, Moq.-Tand. in Ann. Se. Nat. sér. 1, xxvii. 230; Nees in DC, Prod. xi, 272; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 151; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 243. Ch. Steudneri, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 243 in obs. Dilivaria ? polystachy% Endl. Gen. 703. Wile Land. Upper Senaar : Fazokl, Kotschy, 489 | Abyssinia : Dembea ; Gondar; Steudner, 1532! Begemeder ; near Gafat, Steudner, 1533! Schimper, 1534! Amora-Gettel, Schimper, 1535 ! and without precise locality, Plowden ! Somaliland : Coromma, Riva, 621! between Alghe and Oi, Riva, 1265! Maid, 5000-6000 ft. Hildebrandt, 1399! British East Africa: Uganda, Wilson, 94! Stuhlmann, 1350! Kavirondo; Nandi Range, Scott-Elliot, 7057! Victoria Nyanza, Stuhlmann, 895 ! Acanthus. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 107 South Central. Congo Free State: Kirunga Volcano, north of Lake Kivu, 6600 ft., Gétzen, 24 ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe, 4500 ft., Stuhlmann, 1764! Marara, Fischer, 488! Usui, Speke g Grant, 136! Also in Arabia, The measurements given in the above description are from Kotschy, 489, an tnusually fine example, and the size of the leaves, calyx and flowers, runs down in other examples till we reach 4. Gaéd, Lindau, from 5000 ft. alt., where the dimensions are scarcely 3 those of Kotschy, 489. As regards hairiness, the examples become usually glabrate except the inflorescence ; but in Steudner, 1532, the well-matured leaves are densely woolly beneath with several-celled white hairs, and have similar hairs scattered above, There are examples intermediate in hairiness between this example and the ordinary A, arboreus; I cannot characterise even a variety here; the adjacent species are equally variable as to hairiness. 2. A. eminens, (. B. Clarke. Glabrate, 6-8 ft. high. In- florescence pubescent. Leaves 10 by 4 in., pinnatifid, spinous, petiole hardly any, Spike 9 by 24 in.; bracts scarcely 1 in. long, ovate, hardly acute, with several spines on the margin ; bracteoles } in. long, subulate, not spinous. Calyx soft, not spinescent; posticous segment 13 by nearly in., broadly oblong, not lanceolate upwards ; anticous Segment the same size and shape, 2-nerved, minutely emarginate at the tip; 2 inmost segments 3-3 in. long, lanceolate. Corolla 2 in. long, purple (Scott-Elliot). Ovary large, with hemispheric cap ; style in the lower half densely short hairy. Nile Land. British East Africa: Mau, 8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6926! 3. A, montanus, 7’, Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. vii. 37. Glabrous or hairy, Calyx 3-1 in. long; anticous segment with 2 spinous lanceolate lobes at the tip; otherwise nearly as 4. arboreus.—Bot. 4g. t. 5516; 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 232; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. A. caudatus, Lindau m Engl. Jahrb. xx. 33, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1Vv. 3 B. 319, Cheilopsis montana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 272; Benth. in Hook. Niger F]. 481, Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Kofiu Mountain, Scott-Elliot, 4619! Lagos, Rowland ! Millen, 101! 203! Yoruba, Millson, 17! Fernando Po: on mountains, Vogel, 239 | 2000) ft., Mann, 639! Cameroons: Rio del Rey, Johnston ! Victoria, reuss, 1354! Barombi, Preuss, 487 ! . Lower Guinea. Princes Island, Barter, 2036! Gaboon : Munda ; . peopl Farm, Soyaux, 300! Buchholz ! Angola: Pungo Adongo, Welwitsch, 5076! 5167: ambo River, Mechow, 500! and without precise locality, Curror! South Central, Lunda: Lulua River, Pogge, 313! 1004! 7 yrozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Masuku Plateau, 6500- t., Whyte! This species, usually 3 ft. high, is very close to A. arboreus, The flowers ane Capsules are larger than in many examples of A. arboreus. In the type examples, faves are “caudate.” As to hairiness, in Scott-Eiliot, 4619, one inflorescence toa sbaringly pubescent, in the other the bracts are conspicuously hirsute with many patent Ong white hairs, 108 XCVII1, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Acanthus. 4, A. Barteri, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 37. Leaves 8 by 34 in., broad-elliptic, short-acuminate at both ends, not at all lobed, margin rather remotely and regularly toothed ; teeth $ in. long, triangular mucronate ; otherwise as A. montanus. Upper Guinea. Lagos, Willen, 121! Lower Niger, Onitsa, Barter, 1800! 5. A. mayaccanus, Biitin. in Verh. Ver. Brandenb. xxxii, [1890] 37. Shrub apparently subscandent, pubescent, afterwards glabrate. Leaves 10 by 3 in., narrowly obovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, sessile, with long tapering base. Spike 4 by 1} in.; bracts 1 in. long, ovate, with several long marginal spines ; bracteoles 3 in. long, subulate, not spinous. Calyx exceeding 1 in. in length, not spinous; anticous segment 1 in. long, narrow-elliptic, prolonged into an oblong apical portion ; tip very shortly and bluntly 2-lobed ; 2 inmost segments broad- lanceolate, caudate, acuminate. Corolla 14 in. long. South Central. Lunda: in thickets by the Kuango River, near Kassong® Biittner, 355 ! 6. A. latisepalus, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 5 by 2} in., elliptic, rather suddenly narrowed at either end; margin undulate, hardly toothed; petiole 3 in. long. Spike 3 by 1 m. Bracts 3 by 3 in., rhomboidal subovate, with several long marginal innocuous spines; bracteoles 3 in. long, linear, without spines. Pos- ticous sepal 1 by nearly } in., oblong-quadrate, wide at the emarginate top, 3-nerved, beautifully veined; 2 anticous sepals connate nearly 5 their length, ending in 2 lanceolate-subulate teeth. Corolla nearly | 10. long, white, purple-veined (Bates). Capsule ? in. long. Lower Guinea. Gaboon, Mfoa, Bates, 533 ! Nearly allied to 4. mayaccanus, but the posticous sepal is }—4 in, wide at the top. 7. A. Dusenii, C. B. Clarke. Shrub, nearly glabrous; innovations and axis of inflorescence minutely grey-hairy. Leaves 94 by 2} 104 elliptic, acuminate at either end, entire margin undulate, thin, gree? > primary nerves 19 pairs ; petiole 14 in.long. Spike terminal, 5 by 112. 28-flowered; bracts } in. long, lanceolate, acuminate ; bracteoles nearly % in. long, elliptic, obtuse. Calyx-segments 4, } in. long, sub-equal in length; anticous segment elliptic, notched at the tip }-3 18 length. Corolla-tube 3 in. long ; upper lip 0. Capsule 2 in. long, with 2 ellipsoid, flat, quite smooth seeds (Lindaw).—Pseudoblepharis Dusen Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 34, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1V- 3 B.319. Upper Guinea, Cameroons, Dusen, 348! 8. A. ilicifolius, Zinn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 892. Shrub 1-5 ft. high, glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves 4—7 by 1-3 in., pinnatifid or lobed, spinous (scarcely spinous or quite entire leaves occur), nearly sessile. Spikes 6 by 1} in. ; bracts } in. long, ovate ; bracteoles } in. long, trian gular-lanceolate. Calyx of 4 separate segments ; anticous (representing Acanthus, | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 109 2 connate) and posticous nearly alike, 4-2 by } in., round-ovate, many- nerved, glabrous, with papery margin; 2 lateral inmost segments shorter, much narrower, broad-lanceolate, subobtuse. Corolla 14-1} in. long, blue. Capsule 1 by 4 in.; seeds large, white, with close brain-like corrugations.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 36; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 481. Dilivaria ilicifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98, and in DC. Prod. xi. 268; Wight, Ic. t. 459. Mozamb. Dist. South-east Africa, ex Lindau, Also in South Africa, and extending into Southern Asia and Polynesia. 27. SCLEROCHITON, Harvey ; Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 11. 1090. Calyx large, divided to the base; segments 5, not spinous, all of equal length, or the posticous larger. Corolla-limb of 5 segments on one side; tube of moderate length, nearly entire or split on the posticous side down nearly to the level of insertion of the stamens, with acute sinus; middle (anticous) segment entirely without in the bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar; filaments glabrous ; anthers exserted, 1-celled, from short semicircular and glabrous to long oblong and hairy on the margins ; pollen globose or subquadrate (seen from the side, subtrigonous in section), with 3 narrow longitudinal chinks. Ovary with 2—1 ovules in each cell, glabrous; style glabrous; branches 2, subequal, short lanceolate. Capsule ellipsoid, woody, shining brown, 2-4-seeded ; seeds oid, ridged, ridges scabrous, not hairy.—Shrubs, nearly glabrous. aves elliptic, narrowed at both ends, entire. Flowers in short spikes In 8, nitidus in long spikes) ; bract ovate or 0; bracteoles 2, ovate, entire, shorter than calyx. Species 8, in Tropical and South Africa. A well-marked genus ; Crossandra is known at sight by the included anthers and y the calyx, S, nitidus approximates to Acanthus by the inflorescence and the hairy margin to the bracts, but on account of the calyx being in 5 separate pieces it is placed were. The pollen is very uniform throughout the species ; the side view is very square 8 8. harveyanus (the type and some other species), nearly circular in S. Vogelii and ©. mtidus, Lindau lays stress, as a generic character, on the 3-rayed star at the pole wad obtep haris, Baillon ; in Sclerochiton Kirkii and S. Vogelii this polar star 1s marked, but obscure or obsolete in other species, Caly X-segments nearly equal in length. Bracts glabrous, Calyx 1 in, long; leaves hardly petioled . - Ls. Kirkit. Calyx 14 in. long; leaves distinctly petioled . . 2. 8. Preussit. Bracts hairy on the margin; spike long . . . 38. S. nitidus. Ssticous calyx-segment longer than the others. o. Posticous calyx-segment obovate, obtuse . ° . 4 S. Boivini. Posticous calyx-segment elongate, lanceolate. Posticous ‘calyx-segment 4 in. wide; internodes long , 5. S. Vogelii. e . ° 110 XCVIIl, ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). [ Sclerochiton. Posticous calyx-segment } in. wide; internodes short . . . . : . « . 6. 8. Holstii. Posticous calyx-segment with linear oblong obtuse tip, 8. S. obtusisepalus. Posticous calyx-segment ending in 2 lanceolate acute teeth . . . . . ° . . 7. S. scissisepalus. 1. S. Kirkii, C. B. Clarke. Glabrous shrub. Leaves up to 12} by 4 in., base decurrent to the foot of the petiole. Spikes terminal, 2 in. long, 6—8-flowered ; peduncle } in. long; bract ? by 4 in., quadrate, shining, almost horny ; bracteoles 3 by 4 in., similar to bract. Calyx- segments 5 of equal length; posticous 1 by nearly } in., triangular- lanceolate, acute, shining, many-nerved; others much narrower. Corolla 14 in. long. Anthers long, hairy.—Acanthus Kirkii,T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 37; 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 233; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Morambala Mountain, 2000 ft, Kirk! 2. S. Preussii, (. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 9 by 34 in., base tapering into the petiole $-? in. long. Bract nearly 1 by } my quadrate, shining; bracteoles 1 by 4-4 in., quadrate-oblong. Calyx 14 in. long (rather more in fruit), of 5 equally-long separate pieces; posticous segment nearly } in. broad, entire, shining, many-nerved ; others much narrower. Capsule ? by 4 in.—Pseudoblepharis Preusstt, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 34, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 319, fig. 112, A, B. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: North-west Buea, Preuss, 1073! This is very near S. Kirkii, 3. S. nitidus, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous shrub. Leaves up to 8 by 24 in., narrowed at both ends; petiole 4-3 in. long. Spike 34 by 1 in., terminal, subsessile; bracts 3 by } in., elliptic, acute, concave, minutely hairy, margins white-hairy ; bracteoles $ by } in. Calyx } in. long, of 5 separate pieces. Posticous segment elliptic, acute; others narrower. Corolla 1 in. long, light violet (8. Moore). Anthers long, hairy; pollen globose.—Acanthus nitidus, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 232. Pseudoblepharis nitida, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Adongo, Welwitsch, 5087! 5100! This plant recedes from the genus in the long spike with silky margins to the sepals. _ 4. S. Boivini, (. 2. Clarke. Glabrous, Branches thick, woody; with short nodes. Leaves 4 by 1 in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends; petiole } in. long. Spikes terminal on short lateral branches, short, few-flowered, or sometimes 3 in. long and 20-flowered ; bract } by 2 iD. elliptic ; bracteoles ? by } in., oblanceolate, subacute. Posticous calyX- segment 1} by } in., narrowly obovate, obtuse or emarginate, maDy- nerved; others 1 by } in., subacute. Corolla, hardly exceeding the Sclerochiton. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 111 calyx, altogether of the genus. Anthers short, glabrous; base of style obscurely articulated on the ovary, microscopically pubescent—Pseudo- blepharis Boivini, Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. [1890] 837, and Hist. Pl. x. 457; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 39, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. P. Heinsenii, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii—iv. 306, and in Engl. Jahrb, xxiv. 320. Wile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Boivin! Wakefield! Nyika country, near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara, Handei Mountains, Heinsen, 4 The locality, West Africa, given by Lindau is presumed an error, \. S. Vogelii, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 37. Nearly glabrous ;_ branches straight, terete, with long internodes. Leaves 4 by 1} in., tapering at both ends; petiole hardly any. Spikes 14-2 in. long, terminal on short lateral branches; rhachis microscopically pubescent ; bract 3 in. long, elliptic, acute; bracteoles 4 in. long, linear- lanceolate. Calyx 1-1} in. long; segments 5, all linear-lanceolate ; Posticous segment longer than the others, tip entire. Corolla 1} in, long. Anthers long, sparsely hairy. Capsule } by } in.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 316. Jsacanthus Vogelii, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 279; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481. Upper Guinea. Liberia: Cape Palmas, Vogel, 54! Ansell! 6.8, Holstii, C. B. Clarke. Branches woody, slender, crooked with approximate nodes. Posticous calyx-segment 1} by } in. ; other- Wise as S. Vogelit—Pseudoblepharis Holstii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx.35 ; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 370, Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Amboni, Holst, 2885! Tanga, Heinsen, 149 ! It has been doubted whether this is specifically distinct from S. Vogelii. The habit of the almost gnarled slender branches is different, the posticous calyx-segment 's twice as broad at least, and the habitat is remote. 7. S. scissisepalus, (. B. Clarke. Bracteoles } by } in., lanceo- late, aristate, Posticous calyx-segment ending in 2 lanceolate tects saty-herved ; other calyx-segments caudate-aristate. — Anther-cells short-oblong, nearly glabrous; pollen very shortly ellipsoid ; otherwise a8 8. Holstii, Nile Land. British East Africa: Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! The nodose crooked branches and inflorescence are altogether like those of S. Holstii ; the calyx is very minutely pubescent, as also the rhachis of the spike. fre is only one good flower; but the bifid tip to the posticous calyx-segment 1s “emarkable, and indicates an approximation to Crossandra. 8. S. obtusisepal ke. Shrub, glabrous or nearly so. palus, C. B. Clarke. 8 Leaves 43 by 14 in, elliptic, base tapering, apex shortly caudate to 112 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Sclerochiton. obtuse; petiole } in. long. Heads 1} in. in diam., about 8-flowered, lax; pedicels 51, in. long, minutely pubescent; bract at base of the pedicel } in. long, ovate ; bracteoles (close to calyx) 4 in. long, elliptic acute. Posticous sepal exceeding ? in. in length, tip oblong 3, in. wide, obtuse, toothed ; 2 anticous sepals % in. long, lanceolate, acute, some- times with a lateral tooth; 2 interior. sepals nearly as the anticous. Corolla 1 in. long. Anthers broad-oblong, thinly hairy. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa; Nyasaland; Masuku Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Whyte, 267! 28. CROSSANDRA, Salisb.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1094. Calyx 5-partite to the base; 2 anticous segments oblong, acute, l-nerved; posticous segments broader, 2-nerved, often 2-toothed; 2 inmost segments lanceolate or linear. Corolla orange-yellow or light-red; tube long linear, much longer than the limb; limb of 5 segments, imbricate in bud, turned to one side in the expanded flower. Stamens 4, subsimilar; filaments short, glabrous; anthers 1-celled, included in the linear corolla-tube, oblong, muticous; pollen oblong, usually narrow-oblong, square-headed, with 3 (often very slender) longitudinal chinks. Ovary oblong, with 2 ovules in each cell, glabrous or scarcely hispid at the tip; style glabrous or thinly hairy; stigma dilated, obscurely 2-fid, more or less trumpet-mouthed. Capsule oblong-ellipsoid, usually 4-seeded; seeds covered with tufts of hairs or adpressed scales fringed with tufts of hairs each spirally thickened within and slightly hygroscopic.—Shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers in strobilate, often long-peduncled spikes; bract large, ovate, pubescent or papery, subglabrous; bracteoles linear or lanceolate, as long as the calyx (except in C’. pungens). Species 14, African or Mascarene, 1 of these extending to India. In many genera of Acanthacee, the two anticous calyx-segments are more or leas connate, often nearly or quite to the tip, forming a 2-nerved, sometimes apparently simple segment. In Crossandra, in the posticous segment, the central nerve has died quite away, occasionally a trace near the base remains, while 2 lateral nerves are developed so that the tip of the segment is 2-spined or more or less 2-lobed ; it state might be compared to that of the palea in grasses ; and it so extraordinarily simulates the much more common connate 2-sepalous anticous calyx-segment that it is not strange that Bentham (in Gen. Pl.) and Lindau in Engler’s Pflanzenfam. have taken it for the anticous calyx-segment. * Bract herbaceous, ovate, short-acuminate, hairy at least on the margin. Bract with several subulate teeth on the margin, Spikes peduncled. Stem leafy ; corolla orange, tube 2 in. long . 1. C. Greenstockii. Stem short 3 corolla yellow, tube 14 in, long . 2. C. flava. Spikes sessile. Leaves all close to the spike . . 8. C, stenostachya. Bract with a mucronate or spinous tip, but no long teeth on the margin. Spike nearly glabrous; bract 3-1-toothed . ° . } t ta, Spike hairy, 4. C. tridenta Crossandra. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE), 113 Bract broad ovate, densely ciliate on the margin . Bract lanceolate, with spreading white hairs Bract entire, pointed, hardly spine-tipped or mucronate. Branches elongate with many nodes and branchlets. Branches hairy ; bracts silky-hairy. Petioles up to 3-1 in. long . . . . 7. C. nilotica, Leaves sessile. . . . . . 8. C, letkipiensis, Branches sparingly hairy ; bracts nearly glabrous 9, C. mucronata, Branches 34-2 in. long ; peduncles very long. 5. C. pungens. 6. C. spinosa, Bracts elliptic, short acuminate, plicate —. - 10. C. subacaulis, Bracts obovate-oblong, obtuse, not plicate . . 11, C. primuloides. * Bract papery, lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Leaf-base obtuse ; spike slender, elongate . . 12. C. guineensis, Leaf-base spathulate; spike moderately dense . . 13. C. puberula. 1. C. Greenstockii, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 37. Pube- scent. Stems 6-12 in. long, several from the short woody rootstock. Leaves 1-6 in. long, narrowly elliptic, tapering to the base. Peduncles 0-6 in. long; spikes 1-6 by 3-1 in., dense; bract ? in. long, herbaceous, ovate, hairy, margins with several innocuous spinous teeth ; bracteoles linear, longer than the calyx. Posticous calyx-segment } in. long, 2-nerved, tip with 2 spinous hairy teeth. Corolla red (S. Moore) ; tube $in. long; segments } in. long. Anthers slightly hairy. Style glabrous, except a few hairs at the base. Capsule # by } in., 4-seeded ; seeds covered with tufts of white hairs, hardly scaly.—S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 31; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 15! Manganja Hills, Meller! Mount Mlanje, Whyte! McClounie, 63! sane lot, 8635! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 76! 419! 590! 919 Also in South Africa. The dried material appears to be tufts of flower.ng shoots springing from woody stocks after fire. 2. C. flava, Hook. Bot. May. t. 4710. Pubescent. Stems 2-8 in. long. Leaves up to 8 by 12 in., narrowly elliptic, long-tapering at the base, often very coarsely undulate; petiole up to 3-1} in. long. eduncle 1-3 in, long; spike 1-2 by 14 in., dense; bract 1 in. long, erbaceous, ovate, hairy, margins with several innocuous spinous teeth ; bracteoles linear, longer than the calyx. Posticous calyx-segment } in, Ong, 2-nerved, tip of 2 lanceolate hairy lobes. Corolla clear yellow ; ube 1-1} in. long, very slender; segments } in. long. Style very aly hairy. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. B. Mi Upper Guinea, Sierra Leoue : Sugarloaf Mountain, Whitfield! Don! Ligos, len, 122! Yoruba, Millson ! 3. C, stenostachya, (. B. Clarke. Pubescent. Stem 12 in. long, i : B 1 j ‘imple, leafless below. Leaves in a terminal rosette up to 5 by 1} in., VOL. v, I 1l4 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Crossandra. narrowly obovate, obtuse; base tapering; petiole 0. Spike 3 in. long, sessile, very dense; bracts 4 in. long, subrhomboidal, spinous-ciliate on the margins upwards, white hairy; bracteoles rather less than } in. long, linear. Calyx-segments 5; posticous % in. long, lanceolate, 2-nerved, ending in 2 lanceolate hairy subspinescent points. Corolla yellow; tube more than } in. long, linear, altogether of Crossandra, but very slender. Anthers included in the corolla-tube, 1-celled ; pollen twice as long as broad.—Selerochiton stenostachyus, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xx. 27, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 316, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Nile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2720! The pollen as described by Lindau will not do for Sclerochiton. 4. C. tridentata, Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Glabrous; innovations minutely pubescent. Stems 6 in. high. Leaves up to 6 by 1} in., narrowly elliptic, tapering at both ends, tip obtuse ; petiole 3 in. long or 0. Spike peduncled, ovoid, 14 in. long; bract % in. long, herbaceous, very sparsely hairy, ovate, tip lanceolate mucronate with sometimes a small mucro on each side; bracteoles lanceolate-linear, longer than the calyx. Posticous calyx-segment nearly } in. long; broadly ovate, 2-nerved, tip with 2 subglabrous mucronate teeth. Corolla-tube % in. long. Anthers subglabrous; pollen oblong- ellipsoid, 3-ribbed. Style thinly hairy —Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 320. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; above Useri, 6500 ft. Volkens, 1994! 5. C. pungens, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 36. Pubescent. Stem 6-12 in. high. Leaves up to 7 by 14 in., narrowly elliptic, long-taperIng and coarsely undulate at the base. Spikes 2-6 by ?in., extremely dense ; bract # in. long, or rather more, broadly ovate, hairy, tip definitely spinous, margin hairyand scarcely spinous; bracteoles hardly } the length of the calyx, broadly lanceolate. Posticous calyx-segment 1 in. long, broadly ovate, 2-nerved; its tip emarginate, hairy, hardly toothed. Corolla-tube nearly 1 in. long; lobes 3 in. long, appearing to have been pale red. Anthers slightly hairy; pollen oblong, 3-ribbed. Style glabrous.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Wile Land. British East Africa: Ribe, near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Magila, Kirk ! Tanga, Heinsen, 136! Duga, 300 ft., Holst, 3215! 6. C. spinosa, Beck in Paulitschke, Harar, 459, Jigs. 13, 14. White hairy. Stems 1-3 in. long. Leaves 1 by } in., oblong-elliptic, obtuse, narrowed into a petiole } in. long, densely and shortly hairy. Spikes 1 by ? in., with many long white hairs ; bract 2 in. long, herbaceous; ovate-lanceolate, hairy, spine-tipped, margin not toothed ; bracteole linear, longer than the calyx. Posticous calyx-segment 4 in. long; elliptic, 2-nerved, tip of 2 spinous hairy teeth. Corolla yellow; tube Crossandra. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE), 115 4 in. long; lobes } in. long or rather more. Anthers hairy; pollen long-oblong. Style glabrous.—C. parvifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 37, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. Nile Land. Somaliland: Harar, Paulitschke; Maid, 5000-6000 ft., Hilde- brandt, 1404! and without precise locality, Mrs. Lort-Phillips. 7. C. nilotica, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 128, t. 85. Pubescent, 1-2 ft. high. Basal leaves 0 or small; branch-leaves up to 4 by 14 in., elliptic, much narrowed at both ends, tip obtuse, base decurrent ; petiole up to 4-1 in. long. Peduncles 0-4 in. long ; spikes 1-2} by 3-1 in., rather dense; bract 4-2 in. long, obovate-elliptic, herbaceous, softly hairy, margin entire, tip triangular-pointed and not spinescent; bracteoles linear, 4 in. long. Posticous calyx-segment in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, tip very narrow and with 2 hairy teeth. Corolla-tube 3 in. long, linear; lobes 4 in. long, obovate, brick-red or orange, Anthers hairy; pollen long-oblong, very square-headed, 3-ribbed. Style glabrous. Capsule 4 in. long, narrowly elliptic, acute, 4-seeded.—Oliv. in James, Unknown Horn Afr. 321; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370, at least partly. C. infundibuliformis, Franch. Sert. Somal. 50 (var. brachystachys); Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398; not of Salisb. C. brachystachys, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. Crossandra sp., T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Nile Land. British East Africa: Madi, Speke § Grant, 685! Leikipia, 6000- 231 ft., Thomson! Lake Rudolph, Donaldson Smith! Duruma, Hildebrandt, 5! Mozamb. Dist. Kavala Islands in Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 34! German East Africa : Usinja ; Usui, Speke §& Grant, 135! Usambara: Masheua, Holst, 8815 ! Duga, Holst, 3202a! Portuguese East Africa: Kerimba Islands, Peters / British Central Africa: Lake Moero, at Kalangwizi River, Carson, 14! Var. acuminata, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370 (at least partly). Tip of racts more acute on microscopically mucronate,—Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (1896) 76. Barleria rhyncocarpa, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 204 ; Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Nile Land. Eritrea: Mogod Valley, 4500 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 1567 ! Donkollo, near Ginda, 3000 ft., Schweinfurth, 303! Abyssinia : Wadi Woina, Rohlfs Stecker ! and without precise locality, Salt! Steudner, 1513! Somaliland: Maid, {t., Hildebrandt, 858! 1400! Adda-Galla, James g Thrupp! Golis Range, "8. Lort-Phillips ! Miss Edith Cole ! and without precise locality, Keller, 197! The above cited synonymy is imperfect. The typical Crossandra nilotica of ver is known in Berlin as C. brachystachys, Lindau. , 8. CG. leikipiensis, Schweinf. in Hohnel, Zum Rudolph-See w. Stephanie-See, Sonderabdr. 7. Branchlets woody, covered (as are the ®aves) with minute grey simple hairs. Leaves 1} by 4 in., narrowed at both ends, hardly acute, subsessile, margin undulate and sometimes obscurely toothed. Peduncles 2—3 in. long; spikes 1 by } in., rather 116 XOVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Crossandra. lax, with many long white silky hairs. Bracts 4 by 4-} in., elliptic, with a long innocuous point, silky white-hairy; bracteoles 4 in. long, linear. Calyx } in. long, of 5 distinct sepals, all silky white-hairy at the tips; posticous 2-nerved, shortly 2-toothed. Corolla 3 in. long; lips rather large. Stamens and pollen of the genus; filaments glabrous. Pistil glabrous. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 391; Lindau in Eng!. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C, 3870. Wile Land. British East Africa: Leikipia, 6000 ft., Hohnel, 75! 9. CG. mucronata, Lindaw in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 35. Very sparingly pubescent. Branches up to 10 in. long. Leaves up to 4 by 1} m, tapering at both ends; petiole 0-3? in. long. Peduncles up to 2% in. long; spikes 1-4} by 3? in.; bract 2 in. long, elliptic, entire, thinly hairy towards the margin, tip triangular and sometimes mucronate; bracteoles $ in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment 4-4 in. long, ovate, acute, 2-nerved, tip 2-toothed. Corolla as of C. nilotica, but rather smaller. Anthers hairy; pollen oblong, square-headed, 3-ribbed. Style nearly glabrous.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370; Rendle m Journ. Bot. 1896, 398. Wile Land. Somaliland: Sheik Husein, Donaldson Smith. British East Africa: east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot, 8091! Lake Victoria Nyanza, at Berkeley Bay, Scott-Elliot, 7105! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Nyika country, Holst, 571! 10. ©. subacaulis, ©. 2. Clarke. Stem hardly any. Leaves crowded, basal, up to 6 by 2 in., narrowly obovate, obtuse ; petiole hardly any. Peduncles 0-5 in. long; spikes up to 4 in. long, usually much looser than in C. nilotica ; bracts with 5-9 prominent subparallel nerves, almost plicate; otherwise as C. nilotica.—C. nilotica, vat. acuminata, S. Moore ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345; Lindau in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. 370 partly. Nile Land. British East Africa: Jur, Schweinfurth, 1720! Bongo, Schwein- Surth, 1447! 2213! Moru; village of Wary Mary, Petherick ! Upper Nile, Freeman & Lucas, 76! Ukamba, Scott-Elliot, 6464! Hildebrandt, 2716! Sabaki River, Gregory ! Nyika country, Gregory! Lanjora, 2000 ft., Johnston ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Fischer, 253! 481! Kilimanjaro 2000-5000 ft., Volkens, 1669! 2130! Johnston! Smith ! Portuguese East Africa: Boror, Peters ! 11. C. primuloides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx.36. Innovations pubescent. Leaves 4 by 2 in., elliptic, tips rounded, very obtuse, base narrowed; margin obscurely undulate, crenate; upper surface with many minute round glands; petiole 0. Peduncles 3-4 in. long ; spikes I by % in.; bracts $ by} in., obovate-oblong, very obtuse, softly pubescent, not plicate, nerves obscure. Calyx scarcely } in. long, hairy ; posticous sepal bifid at the tip. Corolla clear-red; tube 2 in. long; segments of limb # in. long. Lower Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 271! Crossandra. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 117 12. C. guineensis, Vees in DC. Prod. xi. 281. Young parts densely short-hairy. Stems 6 in. long, simple, with 1 terminal spike. Leaves 5 by 2} in., ovate, glabrescent, obtuse, margin undulate, base narrowed, suddenly contracted into the petiole; petiole 4—4 in. long, rusty-villous. Spike subsessile, up to 5 by } in.; bract ? by + in., lanceolate, minutely toothed towards the top, nearly glabrous; bracteoles } in. long, linear. Calyx white (G. Mann); posticous segment + in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, 2-nerved, glabrous, margin toothed, tip with 2 points. Corolla lilac or white; tube 3 in. long; lobes } in. long, obovate. Pollen narrow-oblong, square-headed, 3-ribbed. Style glabrous, a few hairs at the apex of the ovary. Capsule } in. long, broad-lanceolate, 4-seeded, glabrous, seed-bearing nearly from the base ; seeds very strongly tubercled, without hairs.—Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6346; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pd. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Victoria, Preuss, 1349! Buchholz! Barombi, Preuss, 371! 499! Bipindi, Zenker, 1054! Lolodorf, Staudt, 360! Yaunde, Zenker $ Staudt, 408! Fernando Po, 2000 ft., Mann, 50! Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 396! Mfoa, Bates, 546! Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1694! This plant has sometimes, when wild, beautifully white-veined leaves and brown- red bracts, 13. C. puberula, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 214. Young parts pubescent. Branches 6-15 in. long. Leaves up to 6 by 2 in, elliptic, glabrescent, margin entire or undulate, tip obtuse, base decurrent sometimes to the base of the petiole; petiole 0-14 in. long. Peduncles lateral, 0-9 in. long; spike up to 4} by } in.; bract } in. long, lanceolate, entire, glabrescent (bracteoles and calyx-segments with a linear scabrous mucro); bracteoles } in. long, oblong. Posticous calyx-segment } in. long, or rather more, ovate, 2-nerved, tip 2-toothed. Corolla-tube } in. long ; lobes } in. long. Pollen narrow-oblong, square- headed, 3-ribbed. Style very thinly hairy. Capsule } by ¢ in., 4-seeded.— Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370; (. pubescens, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb, 213; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. . Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Dar-es-Salaam, Kirk! Portuguese ast Africa: Lower valley of the River Shire, Meller! Morambala Mountain, Waller! Lower Zambesi, at Boror, Peters! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! Manganja Hills, Kirk ! River Shire, Kirk ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 860! Var, ? Smithii, C. B. Clarke, Stem and leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves hardly Boevaing lin. in length. Peduncles long ; heads 1} by { in, Jaxly few-tlowered. Tacts ¢ by 3 in, upper part triangular-lanceolate, obtuse or apiculate, texture herbaceous, 3-5-ribbed with few long hairs, Let? Hand. East Tropical Africa, Donaldson Smith! British East Africa : eikipia, Gregory ! 118 XCVIII, ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). | Crossandra, Imperfectly known species. 14. C. parviflora, Schweinf. d Volk. Liste Pl. Somal. 17. Nile Land. Somaliland: Salul torrent, Ghika,. This species is not described, but is said to be C. parviflora, Lindau, l.c. This should mean, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (1896) 72; but the species C. parviflora has not been found in that volume nor anywhere else. 29. CRABBEA, Harvey partly ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1092. Calyx-segments 5, acute, more or less unequal. Corolla 4—? in. long; lobes 5, subequal, in 2 lips; anticous 3-lobed lip folded down over the other in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; filaments subglabrous ; anthers of 2 muticous oblong cells, one a little lower, sometimes one cell smaller or hardly any; pollen globose, reticulate. Ovary glabrous; ovules 4-2 in each cell; style glabrous, articulated on the ovary; one stigma a rhomboid short plate, the other nearly wanting. Capsule small, nar- row-oblong, 8—4-seeded ; seeds discoid,covered with fine simple hygro- scopic hairs.—Low shrubs; hairs simple, tawny. Inflorescence in dense axillary or peduncled heads; unilateral racemes (or scorpioid cymes) twisted and rolled up; bracts large, one fertile, one sterile, ovate or oblong, faleate, usually spine-toothed ; bracteoles 0. Species 6, in Tropical and South Africa. This genus has been arranged next Barleria, solely because of the bracts and heads. The numerous ovules, the 5 separate sepals, and the globose reticulated pollen, show that its real affinity must be sought elsewhere. Secondary nerves of leaves obscure ; cystoliths conspicuous. Heads subsessile ; posticous sepal linear. Leaves pubescent on the nerves, otherwise scarcely hairy . . : . . . . 1. nana, Leaves hairy on both faces, specially the lower 2. hirsuta. Heads peduncled ; posticous sepal elliptic-acuminate . 3. velutina. A, Secondary nerves of leaves conspicuous on the lower face reticulata. 1. ©. nana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 162. Root woody; branches 2-9 in. long, flexuous, fuscous, hairy. Leaves 4 by 1} in., oblong-elliptic, when mature scabrid hairy on the nerves beneath, otherwise glabres- cent, cystoliths prominent on the upper face, tip rounded, margl? hardly wavy-crenate, base narrowed ; petiole 0-4 in. long. Heads axillary, 1-2 in. in diam.; outer floral leaves 14 by 4} in., acute, glabrescent, shining, spinous teeth } in. long; fertile bract % in. long; oblong, falcate. Calyx % in. long, of 5 pale hairy linear subequal sepals. Corolla } in. long. Capsule $ in. long —T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 32; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313. C. cirsioides, Nees in DC, Prod. xi. 163. C. ovalifolia, Ficalho & Hier? in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 24, t. 6, fig. A. Ruellia nana an R. cirsioides, Nees in Linnea, xv. 354, 355. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Manganja Hills, Kirk! Zambesi head-waters, Serpa Pinto, Also in South Africa. Crabbea. | XOVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 119 2. C. hirsuta, Harvey in Hook. London Journ. Bot. i. (1842) 27. Mature leaves hairy on the lower surface. Heads sessile or nearly so ; outermost floral-leaves hairy. Posticous sepal 3 by } in. ; anticous each 3 by jy in.; inner two } by jy in.—Nees in DO. Prod. xi. 163; T, Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 32; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 63, t.1, fig. 28, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313, and var. somalensis in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (1896) 71. Nile Land. Somaliland: Burgi, Riva, 1347! This species differs very little from C. xana, The Somali specimen is said by Lindau to differ from the Cape type by having the “bracts less acuminate, more glabrate” ; but I see no “varietal” difference even. 3. C. velutina, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 135. Branches 2-6 in. long, hairy. ‘Leaves up to 9 by 2 in., oblong-elliptic, hairs on the upper surface scattered, on the lower chiefly along the nerves, cystoliths obscure above but conspicuous beneath, tip subobtuse, margin minutely crenulate, base long tapering; petiole 4-1 in. long. Heads 1~13 in. in diam.; peduncles }-14 in. long; outer floral-leaves 1 in. long, shining, glabrescent, with marginal teeth }-} in. long. Calyx in. long ; posticous sepal elliptic-lanceolate, more than twice as broad as the others. Corolla white (Zugard). Capsule } in. long, slender ; otherwise nearly as C’. nana.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Wile Land, British East Africa: Mombasa, Taylor ! Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Shamo, near the mouth of the River Shire, Kirk! Lower Zambesi; Lupata, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Buchanan, 906! Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Lugard, 131! 4. C. reticulata, (. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 4 by 1 in., narrow oblong-elliptic, hairy on both surfaces, cystoliths obscure, secondary veins prominent on the lower face, margin minutely crenulate, tip snbobtuse, base long attenuate ; petiole 0-} in. long. Heads f-1j in. in diam. ; peduncles 4-1} in. long; outer floral-leaves up to 1 in. long, Pubescent, marginal spines 4-1 in. long. Calyx scarcely 3} in. long ; Posticous sepal lanceolate, nearly twice as wide as the others. Corolla in. long, white. Wile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba, 4000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 2309! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe, 4000-5000 ft., Scodt- Elliot, 8147 ! 30. THOMANDERSIA, Baill. Hist. Pl. x. 456. Calyx-tube 4-4 in. long, wide-cylindric ; lobes 5, subequal, ovate, Corolla # in. long; tube 3 in. long, 2-lipped ; anticous -lobed lip longer, folded down over the other in the bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers of 2 muticous oblong cells at equal height; pollen subglobose, smooth, with 6 slender longitudinal depressions. Ovary and style glabrous ; Stigma of 2 short unequal branches ; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. apsule globose-ellipsoid, compressed, very woody, 2-seeded, sometimes 120 XCVI{l. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Thomandersia. obovoid, 4-seeded (? perfectly)—Shrub. Leaves entire. Inflorescence in very long narrow thin axillary racemes; bract minute; bracteoles 0.— Scytanthus, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 11. 1093, Species 1, endemic. 1. T. laurifolia, Baill. Hist. Pl. x. 456. Shrub, 8-15 ft. high; young parts and inflorescence densely and minutely pubescent. Leaves up to 7 by 3 in. (usually half this size), elliptic or obovate, shortly acuminate, obtuse, when mature glabrous, shining ; petiole }—1 in. long. Racemes 9 by 3 in., many- (often 50-) flowered ; pedicels ;4,-4 in. long; bracts ;!, in. long, lanceolate. Corolla pubescent without, white or with red-purple marks.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 8 B. 325, fig. 111, L. a, b (not correct). Scytanthus laurifolius, T. Anders. ex Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1093, and in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1209; Biittn. in Verh. Ver. Brandenb. xxxii. (1891) 43. Upper Guinea. Old Calabar River, Mann, 2321! Kalbreyer, 204! Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker, 989! Batanga, Bates, 324! Lolodorf, Stadt, 417! 553! Barombi, Preuss, 13! 339! Cameroon River, Mann, 718! 2207! Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 227! 372! Gaboon River, Mann ! and without precise locality, Bittner, 352! 451! South Central. Congo Free State; Bangala, on the Congo, 900-1000 ft., Hens, 113! The figure of the pollen by Lindau above cited, showing it to be a thin disc, is (it is submitted) erroneous. 31. LEPIDAGATHIS, Willd.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1101. Sepals 5, nearly or quite distinct (in Z. calycina, 2 anticous united less than } the way up); posticous sepal usually much wider, often longer, often pointed or subspinescent. Corolla 3-1 in. in total length, conspicuously 2-lipped; tube inflated in the upper part, often with dense strong deflexed hairs at the top of the cylindric portion ; posticous lip ovate-oblong, emarginate, inside in the bud. Stamens 4; anther- cells on posticous stamens 2 in typical part of genus (except by accident, though often narrower than the anthers of the anticous stamens) ; 2 sect. Neuwracanthopsis the anthers of posticous stamens are 1-celled ; anthers oblong, often acute (or with mucro) at the base, one inser lower than the other; pollen ellipsoid, or short ellipsoid, with 3 narrow longitudinal depressions and pores, surface reticulated very shallowly, or in places merely granulated. Ovary with 2-1 ovules in each cell, often slightly hairy at the top; style long, glabrous or with scattered hairs in the lower part; stigma short, oblong or elliptic. Capsule } in- long or less, ovoid, 2-seeded, or narrow ellipsoid and 4-seeded. Seeds densel y hairy all over; hairs tufted, sometimes spirally marked within or single, more or less hygroscopic.—Under-shrubs. ‘Leaves entire in the African species. Inflorescences hairy, often densely 80, not infrequently more or less spinescent, densely compounded of small scorpioid cymes, capitate or subcylindric; bract elliptic or oblong ; bracteoles 0. Lepidagathis. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 121 Species 80, in the hotter parts of the world, whereof only 8 in America. This genus is by Bentham (Gen. Pl. ii. 1068), by Lindau (Engl. & Prantl, l.c. 312), and by other authors, specially diagnosed by having all the anthers 2-celled, by which it is distinguished from Neuracanthus and other closely allied genera. I find the posticous stamens throughout the sect. Newracanthopsis (the species of which are placed in Lepidagathis by Bentham and Lindau) to have 1-celled anthers, Lepidagathis is nevertheless well separated naturally from Newracanthus by its 2-lipped corolla, and is easily separated in dried specimens by its 5-sepalous calyx. * Eu-LEPIDAGATHIS,— Posticous stamens with 2-celled anthers, Inflorescence terminal. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate Leaves narrowly linear. . . . . Inflorescence of dense heads near the crown of the root; the elongated leafy branches without flowers, or rarely with a small axillary head, Leaves hairy above and on the nerves beneath, 2 by gin. . . . . . . . 3 Leaves when mature very slightly hairy. Leaves 4 by 3-3 in. 1, L. scariosa. 2, L. angustifolia. , L. radicalis. . . . . . 4 D, Schweinfurthi. Leaves 1} by 4 in., shining, rather wider above the middle . . . . . 5, L. ampliata, Leaves glabrous, at least when mature, Leaves 2 by 2 in. . : . . . . 6. L. Fischeri. Leaves 7 by 2 in, . . 7, L. anobrya, Inflorescence of several axillary heads towards the middle or upper part of the stems, (Inflorescences near the base have been seen in one example of L. myrtifolia and in one example of L. mollis.) Inflorescence in short globose or ovoid heads, Mature leaves glabrate (in L. lanatoglabra the uppermost leaves very hairy: see L. lanato- glabra, var.). oo. Leaves 1 by 3} in. ; branches flexuous . . 8. L. myrtifolia. Leaves linear, Sepals without a fringe of white hairs on the shoulders. Leaves hardly 2 in. long. Sepals 4 in. long, softly white-hairy at the tip a, _ 9. L, sparsiceps. Sepals 4 in. long, bristle-tipped =. . 10, LZ. lanatoglabra. Sepals 1 in, long. . . , . 11. L. longisepala. Leaves 3 in. long; inflorescence nearly glabrous . . . 12, L. perglabra. Sepals with a fringe of white hairs on the ; shoulders. . . . . . 13, L. fimbriata, Mature leaves hairy at least beneath, Heads scattered often in the lower part of the stems . . . . . . . 14. L. mollis. Heads in opposite axils. . . . . 15, ZL. diversa. Heads scattered, mostly in the upper axils, shaggy white . . . . . 16. ZL. andersonivana, Inflorescence of oblong erect dense one-sided spikes. loral leaves with recurved tails; sepals not tailed . . . . 17. L. heudelotiana. 122 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Lepidagathis. Floral leaves without (or with very short erect) tails . . . . . . 18. L. peniculifera. Floral leaves and sepals with long recurved tails . 19. L. Meduse. **NEURACANTHOPSIS, — Posticous stamens with usually 1-celled anthers. (Slender plants; floral leaves not uniseriate except somewhat in L. pallescens.) Heads strobilate ; floral leaves imbricate. Leaves narrow-oblong; floral leaves somewhat l-seriate . . . . . . . 20. L. pallescens, Leaves elliptic; floral leaves imbricate on all sides . . . . . . . . 21. ZL, calycina. Heads with narrower floral leaves, not strobilate. Leaves often 2 in. or more. Sepals with minute hairs, many gland-tipped. Spikes axillary and terminal . . . 22. L. glandulosa. Spikes all terminal . . . . 23, LD, laguroidea. Sepals with spreading white hairs, none gland- tipped : . . . . . 25. L. scabra. Leaves at most 1 by in... . . . . 24, L. hyssopifolia. 1. L. scariosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 95. Young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves 2 by # in., elliptic or subovate, narrowed at either end, when mature minutely hairy above, grey tomentose beneath, feather-nerved, primary nerves raised on the under surface; petiole 0-5 in. long. Heads terminal, ovoid, up to 1-14 in. in diam., innocuously prickly. Posticous sepal 4—} by 74,-} in., with many soft white and some gland-tipped hairs. Corolla 2-1 in. in total length. Posticous stamens with the anthers 2-celled but much narrower than those of the anticous stamens. Ovary hairy at the top. Capsule 4 in. long, 4-seeded.—Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 251; Wight, Ic. t. 467; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 520; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313, in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 368, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (1896) 70. LZ. terminalis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 251; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 146; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 33; Zarb, Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32. Volkensiophyton neura canthoides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 27, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. CO. 369. Nile Land. Kordofan, Pfund, 307! 402! 428! Upper Senaar: Fazokl, Kotschy, 482! Eritrea: Ginda, 3000 ft, Schweinfurth & Riva, 2140! Abyssinia: below Sessaquilla, Schimper, 815! Togodele, Steudner, 1862! and without precise locality, Schimper, 692! 1920! Somaliland: Ahl Mountains, 5000-6000 ft., Hilde- brandt, 856! Ogaden, Riva, 290! 797! British East Africa: Taita ; Ndara Mountaip, 2000 ft., Hildebrandt, 2459 ! 386m Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Lake Chala, Volkens, In Volkens, 318, type of Volkensiophyton, Lindau, I find the calyx of 5 segments (not 4 as given by Lindau) and the 2 posticous anthers 2-celled (not 1-celled as given by Lindau). The pollen is said in Lepidagathis to be honeycombed (which is not said of the pollen of Volkensiophyton); but the pollen is really the same; the reticulation of the extine in Lepidagathis is exceedingly shallow, and in places broken up and passing over into mere granulation, Lepidagathis. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 123 2. L, angustifolia, (. B. Clarke. Stellately tawny tomentose. Branches woody, very slender. Leaves 14~2 by ;; in. Inflorescence terminal, 1 by 4 in., ovoid-oblong, softly hairy, not spinous. Sepals 5; posticous 4 by ;4, in., softly hairy. Corolla 2 by 3 in., altogether as of Lepidagathis. Posticous stamens with 2-celled anthers (narrower than those of the anticous stamens). Ovules and pollen of the genus. Lower Guinea. Angola: Cunene River, Johnston ! 3. L, radicalis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 255. Branches pubescent. Leaves up to 2 by 4 in., sessile, subobtuse at both ends, hardly 3-nerved ; primary lateral nerves raised beneath, prominent, hairy ; upper surface hairy and with transverse cystoliths. Inflorescence radical up to 2-3 in. in diam., of several softly hairy heads. Posticous sepal nearly 2 by } in., broadly lanceolate, softly white-hairy. Corolla +-4 in. long, appearing when dried yellow with purple palatal spots (as is common in the genus). Posticous stamens with 2 anthers ; pollen rather long, ellipsoidal, very imperfectly reticulated. Ovary hairy in the upper half.—A. Rich. Tent. FJ. Abyss. ii. 148 ; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 33; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 244; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313, and in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C, 368. Russegera collina, Endl. Iconogr. t. 94. Nile Land, Eritrea: Hamasen, Steudner, 1528! Abyssinia: near Adowa, Schimper, 1072! near Axum, Schimper, 1525! Wodjerat, Petit ! Steudner, 1528, agrees closely with Schimper’s collections, and is the plant above described, ‘The Wodjerat plant has narrower, more glabrous leaves, approaching much L. Fischeri at first aspect, but the leaves are not 3-nerved, 41, Schweinfurthii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 16. Leaves up to 44 by 4-4 in., sparingly hairy, sub-3-nerved; marginal nerve Continuous nearly to the tip; primary lateral nerves slender. Pollen short-ellipsoid ; otherwise as L. radicalis.—Lindau in Engl. & Pranu, Pilanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313. Nile Land. British East Africa: Jur; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 2339! bd ampliata, (. B. Clarke. Leaves 1} by } in., very slightly hairy » hot 3-nerved, widened above the middle, lower elongate-obovate ; Otherwise as Z. SCariosa. Nile Land. British East Africa: Kavirondo, Scott-Elliot, 7072! This plant is very near the two preceding. It hardly differs from some examples es hamiltoniana, Wall. (from British India), except in that the leaves are more uning, 6. L, Fischeri, (. B. Clarke. Sterile branches long, slender, glabrous, Leaves 2 by 4 in., glabrous, 3-nerved. Inflorescences 2-3 7 1 diam., dense, of many heads, near the top of the creeping stem it Creeps 4 in. with nodes only } in. apart). Posticous sepal 4 in. long, Woolly, Straight in fruit. Otherwise as L. radicalis. Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Unyamwezi; Usuri, Fischer, 490! 124 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Lepidagathis. 7. L. anobrya, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 255. Leaves up to 7 by } in., glabrate, 3-nerved. Inflorescence of several radical heads (one head seen in an axil } way up a branch), prickly; bract 4-3 in., narrow- lanceolate, sparsely hairy. Sepals 5, with soft white hair or nearly glabrate; posticous sepal 4 in. or more long, elliptic, suddenly narrowed into a straight linear point ; two anticous sepals with lamina } in. broad- obovate, suddenly narrowed into a falcate subreflexed linear point. Capsule scarcely } in. long, 2-seeded.—Benth, in Hook. Niger Fl. 480; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 33. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 204! 8. L. myrtifolia, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 38. Stems 2-3 ft. high, flexuous, creeping, slender, pubescent (apparently applied to a rock or tree, rooting, and flowering chiefly in the axils immediately above the attachment). Leaves 1 by 4 in., elliptic, triangular-pointed apicu- late, nearly sessile, when mature nearly glabrous shining, not 3-nerved ; cystoliths obscure. Inflorescences radical and scattered, of dense small ovoid heads % in. in diam., softly white-hairy, hardly prickly; bract 3 in. long, lanceolate, acuminate, white-hairy. Sepals 5, }-2 in. long, acuminate, acute, softly white-hairy, and with some gland-tipped hairs ; posticous sepal ;1,—} in. broad, oblong-lanceolate. Corolla % in. long. Pollen ellipsoid with 3 longitudinal depressions and 3 pores; the inter- mediate surface granular, scarcely obsoletely reticulate. Ovule 1 10 each cell, fide S. Moore. Nile Land. British East Africa: Jur; Gir, Schweinfurth, 2493! Bentham observes (in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl, ii. 1101) that, though in one plant of this genus the cells of the ovary are l-ovulate, he found a minute rudimentary second ovule. This occurs frequently in Barleria, In these genera, which have 4-seeded and 2-seeded species, little weight can be attached to the character “ ovary- cells 2-ovulate, or 1-ovulate, or 1-ovulate with a more or less rudimentary lower ovule added,” 9. L. sparsiceps, (. B. Clarke. Branches and mature leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves 2} by ;},—1 in., 3-nerved, with transverse cystoliths on the upper surface. Heads up to 2 in. long and broad, obconoid, 1 (more rarely 2-3) axillary, scattered nearly the whole length of the branches (no basal heads seen). Calyx and corolla nearly as © L. radicalis, linear tips of the sepals rather longer with very much soit white hair. Polien ellipsoidal, with 3 longitudinal depressions a0 pores, scarcely reticulated. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Atrica: Nyasaland; ‘Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ftt., Whyte! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte! Manganja Hills, 2000 ft., Kirk ! This plant, in its glabrous linear 3-nerved leaves, is very near L. Schweinfurthit ; the scattered more hairy white heads differ. 10. L. lanatoglabra, (’. B. Clarke. Tips of barren branches and uppermost leaves white-woolly, other leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves 24 by 4'5-} in., 3-nerved, with transverse cystoliths on the upper Lepidagathis. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). 125 surface ; leaves 4 in. wide occur in some examples, and the uppermost woolly leaves are always wider, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate. Heads many, axillary, scattered throughout the middle of the branches, up to ? in. long and broad, obconoid. Sepals 5, $ in. long, ending in bristles zo in. long and upwards, without long white hairs; otherwise as L. sparsiceps. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft.. Whyte! North Nyasa, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte ! Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte! Var, latifolia, C. B. Clarke. Stems hairy to the base. Leaves all hairy, broader, up to 13 by 3 in., subsessile, rounded at the base, 3-nerved or some 5-nerved, Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte! 11. L. longisepala, (. B. Clarke. Branches and mature leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves 24 by } in., 3-nerved to the tip, with trans- verse cystoliths on the upper surface. Head 2 in. in diam., globose, in an upper axil. Calyx 1 in. long; posticous sepal having a lamina } by $ in. with a linear woolly hairy point } in. long. Corolla hardly # in. long. Stamens 4 ; (in all 4) cells of anthers 2, oblong, muticous, parallel, one slightly lower, with a row of papille fringing the slit (as usual in Lu-Lepidagathis) ; pollen small, tetrahedral, smooth with very slender simple reticulations. Pistil glabrous, altogether as of the genus. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, 5250 ft., Nut¢/ The pollen is remote from anything seen in Lepidagathis ; I have examined it in 5 or 6 flowers and believe it to be abnormal, sterile. [ have found one or two grains not unlike the pollen of the preceding species. 12. L. perglabra, (. B. Clarke. Very glabrous, margins of the floral leaves with a few white long hairs. Branch 20 in. long, divided, very straight. Leaves 3} by } in., 3-nerved, with transverse cystoliths on the upper surface. Heads numerous, scattered, axillary in the upper Part of the branches, very young. Nile Land. Bongo: Ngoli (Nyoli), Schweinfurth, 4076 partly ! This is totally different from the otber part of Schweinfurth, 4076, in Herb. Kew. SL. Medusa, 8, Moore); the mixture is “noted” to have taken place before the two plants arrived at Kew. The present plant bas very young heads, but is very distinet in habit. 13. L. fimbriata, (. B. Clarke. Branches and linear leaves nearly glabrous. Inflorescences in the upper axils subglobose, 1-1} in. in diam., “mpound, very dense, with many numerous fine brown, scarcely hairy or prickly, slender curved points to the floral leaves. Sepals 5; posticous In. long, obovate-quadrate, tip depressed-triangular, with a dense row of white hairs below the tip; mucro ;/; in. long, fine brown, microscop!- cally scabrous ; 2 anticous sepals nearly as the posticous but smaller ; interior sepals slightly longer than the posticous, oblanceolate with "nged shoulders and a scabrous mucro. Capsule } in. long, 4-seeded. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 679 ! 126 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE), | Lepidagathis. The long brown scabrous curved points of the floral leaves and the dense white fringe of long white bairs on the shoulder of the sepals make this species remarkable. It is very rare in Lepidagathis for the 2 innermost sepals to be as long as the others, 14. L. mollis, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 33. Branches 2 ft. long, and mature leaves with simple hairs, Leaves 3 by } in, 3-nerved, with transverse cystoliths on the upper surface. Inflorescences of basal and axillary clusters of heads; points of the floral leaves and posticous sepals erect, soft white-hairy, hardly prickly. Posticous sepal 4 in. long, lanceolate with a long hairy linear tip. Corolla } in. long, yellow with purple spots. Stamens of Hu-Lepidagathis. Ovary slightly hairy in the upper half.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313 partly ¢ Upper Guinea. Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 955! Niger, Batkie ! 15. L. diversa, (. B. Clarke. Branches stout, minutely hairy. Leaves up to 5 by # in., 5-nerved. Inflorescences axillary, 2 in im diam., very dense, points of floral leaves long, numerous, pale-brown, hairy, strongly deflexed. Sepals 5, all 3-2 in. long, with falcately recurved points. Corolla nearly as of LZ. mollis —L. mollis, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 128; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Nile Land. British East Africa: Madi, Speke & Grant, 657 | Oliver treated this as a form only of Z. mollis ; and in essentials it does not differ; nor, in essentials, do many of the species of Hu-Lepidagathis differ. The appearance of the present plant, owing to the falcate-recurved (“ diverse”) tips of floral leaves and sepals, is very different ; the sepals are larger. 16. L. andersoniana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 16. Branches stout, shaggy. Leaves 3 by 4-4} in., 3-nerved, when mature white-villous or glabrate beneath, nearly glabrous above, with transverse cystoliths. Inflorescence of many compound dense shaggy-white heads 1-3 in. in diam., approximated in the upper axils, sometimes subterminal (then somewhat elongate with recurved points approaching LZ. M edust)- Posticous sepal $ by 3 in.,elliptic-lanceolate, with a long white-hairy point. Corolla 4 in. long. Stamens of Hu-Lepidagathis. Ovary with gland- tipped hairs at the top and long white hairs on the lower part of the style.—L. Andersonii, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Wile Land. British East Africa: Buganda (Uganda), Stuhlmann, 3525! Mozamb,. Dist. German East Africa: Urundi, 4000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8259! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte! Mount Zomba, 5000-6000 ft., Whyte! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 76! 325! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 774! 832! 17. L. heudelotiana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 254. Branch 14 long, nearly glabrate. Leaves 3-4 by } in., 3-nerved, hairy. Spikes compound, 1} by } in., erect, very dense, in the upper axils; flo leaves uniseriate, ovate with linear deflexed points long white-hairy- Lepidagathis. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEH (CLARKE), 127 Sepals 5, distinct ; posticous } by } in., ovate, obtuse, hardly mucronate. Corolla 2 in. long. Capsule 2 in. long, ovoid, acute, glabrous, 2-seeded or (fide Nees) sometimes 4-seeded.—Benth. in Hook. Niger Fi. 480; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 33; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pilanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313. Upper Guinea, Senegambia, Heudelot, 666! 18. L. peniculifera, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 39. Robust ; branches at length glabrate. Leaves 1} by } in., 3-nerved, tips almost spinescent, with long white simple hairs. Spikes compound, 2 by 3 in., erect, 1-2-together, in the upper axils; floral leaves uniseriate, densely packed, leathery, ovate with short (or most of them without any) mucro. Sepals 5, distinct, leathery, obtuse, with dense thick hair; posticous 4 by 4 in., ovate. Corolla % in. long; stamens and pollen as of Hwu- Lepidagathis. Wile Land. Mittu: Reggo, Schweinfurth, 2794! This species is named from the spikes themselves representing a painter’s brush (or a little tail), they remind me of neither. The species differs much from its neigh- bours in the floral leaves being without tails (or very shortly mucrouate). 19. L. Medusz, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 39. Branches Stout, villous. Leaves 4 by } in., 5-nerved, when mature hairy beneath, glabrate above, with transverse cystoliths, Spikes compound, 1} by 3-3 in., 1-2-together, erect, in the upper axils; floral leaves uniseriate, densely packed, hairy, ovate with long deflexed white-hairy tails. Sepals »,all with long recurved white-hairy tails; posticous } in. long, ovate, with atail }in. long. Corolla 2 in. long. Stamens and pollen of Hu-Lepida- we I. Caput-Meduse, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 9 B. 313, Nile Land. Bongo: Ngoli (Nyoli), Schweinfurth, 4076 partly ! 20. L. pallescens, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 508. Grey- Pubescent with small curved hairs. Leaves 2} by } in., lanceolate, narrowed, obtuse at both ends, subsessile, scarcely 3-nerved, upper surface glabrate with irregularly scattered (not all transversely parallel 4s In preceding species) cystoliths. Spikes } by } in., in the upper axils, brown, minutely pubescent; floral leaves few seriate. Calyx } in. long, of 5 lanceolate sepals, minutely scabrous. Anthers of anticous stamens oblong, subparallel, with minute empty mucro at the base; Posticous stamens with one anther perfect, one sterile imperfect or rudimentary; pollen short ellipsoid, hardly reticulated. Ovary glabrous ; Style hairy near the base ; stigma small, spathulate. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5084! 21. L. calycina, Vees in DC. Prod. xi. 252. Young parts minutely Pubescent. Leaves up to 1} by 2 in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, When mature nearly glabrous with irregularly scattered cystoliths on the Upper surface; petiole 0—} in. long. Spikes up to 14 by 1in., strobilate, “ery green, terminal (many on very short lateral branches), microscopl- 128 -XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). | Lepidagathes. cally pubescent ; floral leaves $ by 4-4 in., imbricated on all sides (not l-seriate). Calyx nearly 4 in. long, glabrous or microscopically pubescent ; posticous sepal 3 in. broad, mucronate; 2 anticous sepals ,'5 in. broad, very shortly connate at the base. Corolla 4 in. long. Anthers oblong, scarcely acute at the base; posticous stamens with one anther-cell, the other minutely indicated; pollen short ellipsoid, subtrigonous, hardly reticulated. Pistil glabrous.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 147 ; Solms- Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 111; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 34. Wile Land. Abyssinia: Gageros, on the Tacazze River, 3500 ft., Schimper, 131 ! 2190! Modat, Schimper, 1044! and without precise locality, Schimper, 1301! 22. L. glandulosa, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 243 (name only). Young parts minutely pubescent. Branches slender, divided, glabrate. Leaves 2 by ? in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, when mature nearly glabrous, with irregularlyscattered cystoliths on the upper surface; petiole 0-4 in. long. Spikes axillary and terminal, somewhat lax; floral leaves lanceolate, hardly imbricate. Calyx }-4+ in. long; sepals 5, posticous hardly ;/; in. broad, with a few hairs and stalked glands and linear innocuous tip. Corolla 4 in. long. Anthers oblong, obtuse at the base; posticous stamens with 1 anther-cell, the other hardly indicated ; pollen short-ellipsoid, with 3 longitudinal depressions, obscurely reticulated.— A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 147; T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. vii. 34. Barleria glandulosa, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 243. Wile Land. Abyssinia: Mount Scholoda, near Adowa, Schimper, 44! 23. L. laguroidea, 7’. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 34. Young parts very minutely pubescent. Leaves 2 by } in., from ovate to narrow- elliptic, narrowed at both ends, subglabrous; cystoliths irregularly scattered on the upper surface; petiole 0-} in.long. Spikes 2 by 4 in. terminal, often lax or interrupted at the base, not strobilate; floral leaves lanceolate-linear, not 1-seriate. Calyx } in. long; posticous sepal ;'; in. broad, pointed, with a few microscopic hairs and stalked glands. Corolla 4 in. jong. Posticous stamens with anthers 1-celled or sometimes 2-celled ; pollen ellipsoid, with three longitudinal depres sions, subtubercular rather than reticulate. Pistil glabrous, or wit few minute hairs in the lower part.—Teliostachya laguroidea, Nees 12 DC. Prod. xi. 264; Benth. in Hook, Niger Fl. 481. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Scarcies River, Scott-Elliot, 4533! 4744! Kambia, 4376! and without precise locality, Afzelius ! Smeathmann ! Scott-Elliot, 3902 ! Gold Coast: Accra. Vogel! and without precise locality, Burton g Camerom ! Togoland, Baumann, 503! Niger Territory : Borga; Oly River, Parter, 746! Cameroons: Victoria, Preuss, 1109! 1197! ° Wile Land. Mittu: Mvolo, near the Babr el Rohl, Schweinfurth, 2790! 24. L. hyssopifolia, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 84. Very slender. Leaves (at most) 1 by } in. Spikes up to 3 by } in. Caly% less than { in. long ; posticous sepal hardly ,3, in. broad; otherwise %& Lepidagathis. | XCVIII, ACANTHAQER (CLARKE). 129 L. laguroidea.—Teliostachya hyssopifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger FI. 481. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don! I here describe the type example of G@. Don only. Among Scott-Elliot’s excellent examples (referred above to L. laguroidea), several have been heretofore marked L. hyssopifolia; while Scott-Elliot, 4744, has been supposed a new intermediate species. I doubt if LZ. hyssopifolia should be considered other than a slender form of L. laguroidea, smaller in all its parts. The two species bear a strong superticial resemblance to Justicia (Rostellularia) diffusa, Willd. and its numerous subspecies or varieties. 25. L. scabra, C. B. Clarke. Branches with approximate nodes and spreading white hairs. Leaves up to 24 by ? in., obliquely narrow- elliptic, narrowed at both ends, feather-veined, when mature pubescent beneath, glabrate above with irregularly scattered cystoliths; petiole 0-} in. long. Spikes terminal, or on very short axillary branches, 3 in. long, ovoid, lax, with some simple white hairs. Sepals 5, nearly 3 in. long, subequal, narrowly lanceolate, acute, moderately white-hairy. Corolla 4 in. long, as of Lepidagathis. Stamens: 2 anticous with 2-celled anthers ; anthers oblong, subparallel with empty microscopic tails at the base; 2 posticous stamens with 1-celled anthers, the other cell indicated quite rudimentary ; pollen short-ellipsoid, with 3 longitudinal depres- Sions, obscurely reticulated. Ovary glabrous, disc cup-shaped, rather long ; style with few long white hairs in the lower part; stigma short Spathulate.— Vewracanthus scaber, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369 partly, Lower Guinea. Angola; Welwitsch, 5104! S00 eam: Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Lake Chala, Volkens, This plant is certainly not Meuracanthus scaber, 8. Moore, the calyx being in 5 Separate pieces and the corolla 2-lipped (quite unlike the quasi-convolvulus corolla of Neuracanthus), The stamens are as those of Neuracanthus, but they are equally like those of Z, pallescens. 32, LINDAUBA, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 411, t. 362. Calyx-segments 4, reticulate-nerved, somewhat papery ; posticous Segment elliptic, subacute ; anticous subsimilar, divided about 4 way down Into 2 lanceolate teeth ; otherwise as Lepidagathis, sect. Veuracanthopsis. ~~ OWers scattered, subsolitary. Species 1, endemic, _ This has the calyx exactly as in many Barlerias, but the corolla stamens and pistil of Lepidagathis, The pollen is nowise different from that of Lepidagathis myrtifolia or L. mollis, wal L. speciosa, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, +12, t. 362. Soft hairy mith simple and gland-bearing hairs. Branches } in. in diam. Leaves Y = in., narrowly elliptic-oblong; petiole 0-;); in. long. Flowers “avtered, subsessile ; bract } in. long, linear. Calyx 4 in. long; 2 in- L. Vv K 130 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Lindauea. ferior segments rather shorter, linear. Corolla purple-blue ; tube } in. long, much inflated in the upper half; lobes 4-3 in. long, connate in two lips ; anticous lip shortly 3-lobed ; posticous shorter, smaller, emarginate. Stamens 4; 2 anticous with 2-celled anthers (cells oblong, parallel, at equal height, muticous); 2 posticous with 1-celled anthers ; filaments glabrous. Ovary and style glabrous ; stigma of 2 subequal minute oblong lobes. Capsule 2 in. long, oblong ellipsoid, 4-seeded; seeds (unripe) appear as of Barleria.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu il.—iv. 308. Nile Land. Somaliland: River Shebele, Donaldson Smith! Keller, 185 Burka district, Ghika! 33. ASYSTASIA, Blume; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. ii. 1094. Calyx divided to the base ; segments 5, subequal, narrow, often small. Corolla-tube inflated upwards; limb 5-fid, hardly 2-lipped; anticous segment wholly outside in the bud. Stamens 4 ; anthers all subsimilar, 2-celled ; cells oblong, nearly parallel or one a little lower, muticous or with 1 or 2 small spurs at the base ; pollen ellipsoid, with 3 stopples, 9 longitudinal lines; in the typical species, long-ellipsoid, square-headed, subterete ; in A. macrophylla (and others) shortly ellipsoid, narrowed at the poles, trigonous. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, hairy or glabrous ; stigmas 2, subequal, short, oblong or hemispheric. Capsule 4-seeded at the top, on a long solid stalk ; seeds without hairs, compressed, rugose.— Herbs or shrubs. Leavesentire. Racemes, spikes or panicles apparently terminal (except in A. ansellioides), one-sided, lax, with minute bracts and bracteoles, or distichous with larger bracts, or densely strobiliform with large bracts and bracteoles, Species 34, in the warmer parts of the Old World. *Infloresceuce, at least apparently, terminal. Bracts minute ; racemes often 3- to many-flowered. Ovary hairy, at least in the upper half. Leaves ovate to oblong. Sepals 1— in, long, Corolla-tube 3-1 in. long. Pubescent or hairy 1. A. coromandeliana. Glabrous except the corolla 4, A. congensis. Corolla-tube 4 in, long. 2. A. parvula. Sepals 3 in. long. . . . 3. A. Buettnert. Leaves linear ; corolla-tube 4 in. long . 5. A. linearis. Ovary glabrous (very glandular in A. longituba). Corolla-tube 1-1} in. long ; leaves large. Anthers scarcely tailed, Inflorescence dense . . . . . 6. A, scandens. Inflorescence lax, Ovary glabrous; corolla-tube 2 in. . 7. A, vogeliana. Ovary glandular ; corolla-tube 13 in, 8. A. longituba. Anther-cells each with 2 tails ; leaves 8-14 in. jong . . . . . . . 9. A, macrophylla. Corolla-tube 4 in. long. . ° . . 10, A, africana. Asystasia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE), 131 Bracts shorter than the calyx, ovate, hardly acute. Sepals with short hairs; ovary glabrous . . 11. A, Welwitschit, Sepals white-shaggy ; ovary hairy at the top. . 12. A. Charmian, Bracts exceeding the calyx ; spikes almost strobilate. Annual; Jeaves mostly oblong. . . . 18. A. Schimperi. Woody shrub ; leaves elliptic to round-ovate . . 14, A. Colee. **Racemes axillary, loosely 2-1-flowered; bracts very small, . . . . . : . 15. A. ansellioides. 1, A. coromandeliana, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89. Perennial, 1-4 ft. high, with simple hairs. Leaves 3 by 1 in. (some- times 5 by 1} in.), ovate, suddenly narrowed at the base ; petiole 4-4 in. long, or 0 (i.e., base of leaf decurrent as a wing). Racemes 2-6 in. long, one-sided, frequently several forming a terminal panicle; lower flowers remote ; lower pedicels often ;', in. long; bracts minute. Sepals } in. long, linear-lanceolate, pubescent or puberulous. Corolla lurid-purple to yellow or white; tube } in. long, inflated for 2 its length. Filaments nearly glabrous ; anthers muticous. Style-base and ovary hairy. Capsule 1 in. long, pubescent ; seeds } in. in diam. or rather more.—Nees in DC. Prod. xl. 165; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 493; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 104; S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. 2, Bot. iv. 31. A. quaterna, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 166, 724; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478. A. chelonoides, var. 8 arabica, Nees in DO. Prod. xi. 164, 4. calycina, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478. A. gangetica, T. Anders. in Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 235, and in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 52; 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 308 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 392 ; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 49, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326, fig. 131, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 79. A. podostachys, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 199. “A. subhastata, Klotasch, l.c. 200. A. floribunda, Klotzsch, lc. 200. A, acuminata, Klotzsch, l.c. 201. A. pubescens, Rlotzsch, le. 202. 4. scabrida, Klotzsch, l.c. 202. A. multiflora, Klotzsch, lic. 203. A. querimbensis, Klotzsch, l.c. 204. Justicia gan- gettca, Linn. Ameen. Acad. iv. 299. Ruellia secunda, Vahl, Symb. iii. R. quaterna, Schumach. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 284. T'yloglossa longipes, Hochst. ex Solms-Laub. le. Upper Guinea. Gambia, Skues ! Ingram! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Don! Scott-Kiliot, 3895! 4990! Liberia, Carder / Cape Palmas, Vogel, 56! Gold Coast: Accra, Buchholz ! Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 9! Togoland, Kling, 4! Lagos: Erawa, Rowland ! Millen, 19! Yoruba, Millson, 71! Niger Territory : Nupe ; Jeba, Barter / Niger Delta ; Grand Bassa, Vogel, 87! River Nun, Mann, 501! Cameroons: Rio del Y, Johnston ! Victoria, Preuss, 1115! Batanga, Bates, 8! 9! Efulen, Bates, 359! aunde, Zenker & Staudt, 489! Fernando Po, Mann, 265! 4500 0” Land. Upper Senaar: Fazokl, Kotschy, 423! Eritrea: Mount Bizen, ) ft., Schweinfurth J Riva, 2000! Bogos, 5000 ft., Hildebrandt, 462! Abyssinia, Schimper, 199! Parkyns! Somaliland: River Daua, Riva, 1452! and without seine locality, Miss Edith Cole! British East Africa: Mittu; Mvolo, Schweinfurth, 813! and at the River Moroko, Schweinfurth, 3980! Ribe, near Mombasa, Wake- eld! Giryama Mountains, Gregory! Witu, Thomas, 159! 188! 1382 XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). | Asystasia. Lower Guinea. Princes Isle, Newton, 19! Quintas, 89! 93! Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Biittner, 452! 611! Soyaux, 190! 198! 1984! Angola, Welwitsch, 5050! 5131! 5160! 5170! 5196! 5206! Mechow, 53! South Central. Congo Free State: Bangala, 1000 ft., Hens, 124! Bolobo, on the Congo, Biittner, 453! 454! Lulua River, Pogge, 1246 ! Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 980! Stuhlmann, 409! 1086! 1087! Peters! Mafia Island, Bartle-Frere ! German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 9000 ft., Meyer, 33! 5000 ft., Volkens, 710! Ugweno Mountain, Meyer, 171! Karagwe; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 3677! 3938! Usambara; Tanga, Holst, 2063! Volkens, 7! 163! Mascheua, Holst, 8733! Usaramo; Dar-es-Salaam, Stuhlmann, 7602! 7665! 7698! 7701! Lake Tanganyika; Kavala Island, Carson, 27! Rovuma River, Meller ! Portuguese East Africa: Zambesi Delta; River Luabo, Kirk, 34! Lower Valley of the River Shire, Meller ! Boror, Peters! British Central Africa: Lake Nyasa, Simon! Urungu ; Abercorn, Carson, 27! Nyasaland; Mount Mlange, Whyte! Shire High- lands, Buchanan, 321! Shire River, Kirk! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 872! Also in Tropical Asia. The corolla of this weed varies (in Africa as in Asia) greatly in size and in colour. The types of Klotzsch’s species reduced have been seen. 2. A. parvula, C. B. Clarke. Hairy. Leaves up to} by $ mm, ovate, subpetioled. Raceme 14 in. long, with distant flowers; bracts hardly ;}, in. long. Calyx } in. long, pubescent and with gland-tipped hairs. Corolla in total length 4 in. ; tube less than } in. long. Stamens and pistil as of A. coromandeliana, Nees. Capsule less than } in. long. Nile Land. Somaliland: Adda Galla, James & Thrupp ! The anthers, pollen, stigmas, are identical with those of 4. coromandeliana, of which even this may be a depauperated state. 3. A. Buettneri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 37. Hairy. Leaves 5 by 2 in., ovate; petiole 0-3 in. long. Racemes 2 in. long, terminal, one-sided ; pedicels scarcely j, in. long; bracts minute. Sepals 9, 3 by 1, in., linear-oblong, with long white hairs. Corolla white; tube fin. long. Anthers minutely tailed at the base. Ovary with the style pave very hairy.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. “ov. Upper Guinea. Togoland, Bittner, 260! 283! Kling, 191! This is allied to the large forms of 4. coromandeliana, Nees (called formerly A. calycina, Benth.), but has larger flowers and very much larger sepals. 4. A. congensis, (’. B. Clarke. Glabrous, except the puberulous corolla. Leaves 3} by 1 in., elliptic, acuminate at each end ; petiole 0-$ in. long. Raceme terminal, 3-flowered, peduncled; bracts hardly pz in. long, linear. Sepals + in. long, linear-oblong, microscopically pubescent. Corolla-tube lin. long, puberulous. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; outer cells parallel, muticous at the base; pollen of genus. Style hairy at the base; stigma 2, subglobose. Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Stanley Pool, Callewaert ! 5. A. linearis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot, 1894, 136. About 2 ft. high. Branches tetragonal, puberulous. Leaves 24-3 by 4-} in., sessile, Asystasia. | XCVLI. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 133 linear-lanceolate or linear, nearly glabrous. Spike 2~24 in. long, slender, interrupted ; bracts 4 in. long; glabrous. Sepals } in. long, linear, puberulous. Corolla in total length $ in. Anther-cells minutely mu- cronate at the base. Style hairy at the base.—Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Nile Land. British East Africa: Durama, 700 ft., Gregory ! 6. A. scandens, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4449. A straggling shrub. Leaves up to 7 by 3 in,, elliptic, narrowed at either end, young with white dots on the upper surface, when mature nearly glabrous; petiole 0-3 in. long. Inflorescence terminal, 2-3 in. long, often compound, viscous-pubescent, glandular; bract hardly } in. long. Sepals 4 in. long, linear. Corolla pale mauve to white; tube } in. long, much inflated in the upper half. Anthers minutely tailed; pollen long- ellipsoid, of the genus, with obsolete tubercular markings, as in many Species of Justicia. Ovary glabrous.—Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478 ; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 53; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326. Henfreya scandens, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1847, . ol, Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Talla Hills, Scott-Elliot, 4919! near Lumbaraya, 5012! George Water, Scott-Elliot, 4164! and without precise locality, Barter! Don! Afzelius! Smeathman ! 7, A. vogeliana, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 479. A straggling undershrub. Leaves up to 74 by 24 in., narrowed at either end, when mature nearly glabrous, with rows of minute cystoliths along the midrib on the upper surface; petiole 0-14 in. long. Inflorescence terminal, compound, lax or straggling, 6-18 in. long, ultimate spikes or racemes l-sided; bract 1 in. long. Sepals 4-4 in. long, linear, densely and minutely glandular pubescent. Corolla pale purple to white; tube 2 in. long, slender, the upper 4 part funnel-shaped. thers mucronate at the base, hardly tailed. Ovary glabrous; a very few microscopic bristles on the style-base. Capsule 1-1} in. long.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. vii. 53; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326; Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, (7, A, kalantha, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 321. Upper Guinea. Asbanti: Assin-Yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 79! Togoland, aumann, 374! Lagos; Abeokuta, Irving! near Lagos, Rowland! Niger Delta: Angiama, Barter, 2096! Cameroons: Efulen, Bates, 449! Cameroon Mountains, 3000 ft., Mann, 1955! Fernando Po, Vogel, 211! Mann, 47! 8. A. longituba, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 118. Ovary with many brown subsessile glands nearly to the base. Capsule glandular ; otherwise as A, vogeliana. Upper Guinea, Cameroons: Yaunde, 2500 ft., Zenker g- Staudt, 410! 587 ! 5874! 5873! between Victoria and Bota, Preuss, 1363 ! . Lindau says this is distinct from all other African Asystasias by the length ot the flowers ; but they are not quite so long as those ot 4. vogeliana. The cy stoliths, on the upper surface of the leaf along the midrib, are much fewer. 134 XCVIIl. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Asystasia. 9. A. macrophylla, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Phanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 826. Shrub up to 10 ft. high. Leaves up to 14 by 44 im. (commonly # this size), elongate-obovate, acuminate, when mature glabrous shining; petiole 0-1} in. long. Panicle 4—8 in. long, linear, minutely rusty hairy, lower small cymes } in. long, distant; bract 4 in. long, linear. Sepals } in. long, linear, minutely rusty. Corolla purple to white; tube 1} in. long, dilated in the upper half. Anthers 2-celled; cells parallel, each with 2 tails at the base; pollen small, short-ellipsoid, more trigonous than in the preceding species. Ovary glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell.—Dicentranthera macrophylla, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 52; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5696. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Batanga, Bates, 140! Bipindi, Zenker, 825! Johann Albrechts-Hihe, Staudt, 470! Victoria, Preuss, 1146 ! 1179! 1365! Yaunde, Zenker, 427: 655! Zenker & Staudt, 200a! 639! River Cameroon, Mann, 2197! Fernando Po, Mann, 13! Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyaur, 291! Bittner, 351! 358! Gaboon River, Mann ! Ovules 4-6 in ovary (7. Anderson), 4 in each cell (J. D. Hooker). 1 find 2 in each cell, as Bentham and Lindau state. 10. A. africana, C. B. Clarke. Herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves up to 32 by 1} in., narrowed at either end, mature pubescent on the midrib beneath, otherwise glabrous; petiole }-1 in. long. Inflorescence terminal, lax ; spikes 14 in. long, panicled, not unilateral; bracts hardly jy in. long, linear. Calyx 1, in. long; lobes 5, lanceolate, minutely pubescent. Corolla nearly 3 in. long; tube } in. long. Anthers oblong, parallel, obscurely mucronate at the base; pollen of the genus. Ovary glabrous; 2 ovules in each cell; style-branches short, oblong, subconnate. Capsule 1 in. long, 4-seeded; stalk 4 in. long, solid; seeds tubercular-scabrous, without hairs.—Jsochoriste africana, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. xviii. 1880, 309; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5073! 5078! 5079! 11. A. Welwitschii, S. Moore in Jowrn. Bot. 1880, 308. Herb, 2-4 ft. high. Stem quadrangular, microscopically pubescent, at with cystoliths. Leaves 23 by 3-1 in., suddenly narrowed at the base, scabrid hairy above, more hairy beneath with parallel raise primary nerves. Petiole hardly any. Spikes terminal and peduncled axillary, 24-7 by 3-1 in., 10-60-flowered, sometimes branched, forming a terminal compound spike, shortly hairy; bracts } in. long, ovate acute. Sepals 4-3 in. long, linear-lanceolate. Corolla rose-white (S. Joore); tube } in. long. Anthers shortly tailed. Capsule 1} 10. long, 4-seeded, very minutely pubescent.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo and Huilla, Welwitsch, 5039, 5105, 5188! Pungo Andongo, Mechow, 46! Malange, Buchner, 123! Pogge, 302! Huilla, Antunes, 177! Newton! 12. A. Charmian, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 38. Hairy: Stem quadrangular. Leaves up to 3} by 3 in., narrow-elongate- Asystasia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 135 elliptic, tapering at both ends; petiole 0-} in. long. Spike 5 in. long, terminal, flowers in opposite pairs, lower distant; pubescent with some shaggy white hair on the calyces; bracts } in. long, ovate, hardly acute. Sepals } in. long, linear-lanceolate. Corolla-tube 3 in. long, inflated for more than half its length. Anthers shortly tailed ; pollen small, shortly ellipsoid, trigonous. Ovary (in the upper half) with much long white hair.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. O. 370. Nile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2724! 13. A. Schimperi, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 53. Erect annual 6-8 in. high, sparsely hairy. Leaves up to 2} by } in., ovate or oblong, narrowed at both ends; petiole 0—-} in. long. Spikes terminal, 1-2 in. long, rather dense; bracts up to 4-2 by } in, narrowly elliptic; bracteoles 4 in long, falcate-lanceolate. Sepals $-} in, long, linear, minutely pubescent, membranous, Corolla-tube 3 in. long, dilated upwards. Anthers minutely mucronate at the base ; pollen short-ellipsoid, trigonous. Ovary hairy. Capsule } in. long 4-seeded, pubescent.—Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii, 34 (var. minor, Oliv.). A. rostrata, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. FI. Aethiop. 242; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 370. by tin., hardly at all toothed. Corolla rather smaller, intense blue.—B. Kirkit, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 265, not of T. Anders. ‘ Wile Land. Mittu: at the River Rohl, Schweinfurth, 2846! Upper Nile, Freeman § Lucas, 88! Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Humpata, Johnston ! Catumbs, Welwitsch, 5048 ! and without precise locality, Antunes / Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, Smith ! The differences between B. grandicalyx and its var. are greater than those between some species hereabout. This plant is very near, and has been regarded as equal to B. Gueinzii, Sonder, from Natal; which differs by having the leaves rounded at the base. In the Angolan example, the two interior sepals are % the length of the outer, lanceolate-linear. 15. B. mucronata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 24. _ Leaves up to 14 by } in. Posticous sepal 3 by } in., strongly spine-toothed. Capsule 3 jin. long, +-seeded ; otherwise as 2. grandicalyx.—Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 369. B. kilimandscharica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 26, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, and in Eng. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 3500 ft., Volkens, sete 17534! 21411 91 42! 7000 ft., Meyer, 57! Usambara ; Nyika Steppe, Holst, 3916! Mascheua, Holst, 8853 ! ; BZ. mucronata, Lindau, has grey hairs, and B. kilimandscharica tawny ; B. grandi- 150 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Barleria. calyx has much larger leaves with curved primary nerves, otherwise I see little difference. Lindau contrasts B. mucronata with B. Kirkii (by which he means B. spinulosa); this differs a good deal by the sterile bracts being nearly reduced to pinnatifid spines, and the inflorescences having (very many of them) several flowers. 16. B. ramulosa, C. B. Clarke. Stem soft, with spreading and deflexed hairs; branches many; nodes very many, short. Leaves 4-1 in. long, sessile, elliptic, somewhat obovate, obtuse, mucronate, hairy on both faces with small white crispate hairs and scattered long brown needle-like 1-celled hairs; interpetiolar spines 4 in. long, simple, straight or slightly recurved, more or less hairy. Flowers solitary (rarely 2); bracts } in. long, reduced to simple spines, hairy, slightly recurved. Posticous sepal } by } in., with many spinous teeth on the margin, hairy ; interior sepals } in. long, oblong-linear. Ovary glabrous, style nearly 3 in. long. Capsule less than 4 in. long; 4-seeded. Wile Land. British East Africa: 2500 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6312! Duruma, Hildebrandt, 2339 ! Resembles much B, buxifolia, Linn., which has a capsule 2 in, long. 17. B. nyasensis, (’. B. Clarke. Branches closely hairy with erect hairs. Leaves } by 4 in., sessile, elliptic, almost acute, mucronate, with many short white hairs and some long 1-celled tawny hairs; interpetiolar spines } in. long, simple, hairy, somewhat recurved. Flowers solitary; bracts 4 in. long, simple, hairy, recurved. Posticous sepal j-1 by 3-3 in., quadrate-ovate, veined, sparsely hairy, with many triangular-mucronate teeth. Corolla exceeding 1} in. in length, blue; tube more than 1 in. long, linear-cylindric, slightly wider upwards. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Mountains east of Lake Nyas% Johnson ! This hardly differs from B. mysorensis, Roth, which has, however, the corolla usually smaller. It is not unlikely that the mature plant of B. nyasensis produces sometimes much larger leaves than those seen. 18. B. buxifolia, Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 887. | Branches with lax spreading hairs. Leaves 4-3 in. long, ovate or obovate, subobtuse, mucronate, nearly sessile; hairs on both faces scattered, white, short, crispate, also some long, tawny, needle-like, 1-celled; inter-petiolar spines j-} in. long, simple, straight, glabrous. Flowers mostly solitary ; bracts }-} in. long, reduced to simple spines. Posticous sep + by } in. (in the African specimen), broadly oblong, apiculate, veined, hairy, hardly toothed. Corolla-tube (in Indian examples) #-1 in. longs slightly widened upwards, limb purple-blue. Capsule (in African example) ? in. long, 4-seeded.—Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 241; Wight, Ie. t. 870; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 483. B. acanthoides, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127, not of Vahl. Barleria, sp. I, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Dicranacanthus buwifolia, Orsted in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 136.—Rheede, Hort. Mal. ni. 91, t. 47. Barleria.] XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 151 Mozamb. Dist. Without locality, collected in 1860, Speke g Grant ! Also extends to India. The branchlet, which is the African material for this species, has no flower, but there is a ripe capsule. It is either B. duwifolia or excessively near thereto. The small simple shining-brown acicular spines show that it certainly is not near B. acanthoides. 19. B. crassa, (. B. Clarke. Branches closely hairy with erect hairs. Leaves up to 1 by 4 in., thick, densely hairy. Posticous calyx- segment hairy, slightly toothed; otherwise as B. ramulosa. Mozamb. Dist. ? South African Goldfields, Baines ! The peculiar 2-fold indumentum of the leaves is exactly as that of B. ramu/osa, of whieh this might be a dry-country form. 20. B. longissima, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 73. Glandular-villous. Leaves 3 by 4 in., glandular-hairy on both faces; interpetiolar spines }? in. long, straight, glandular hairy. Posticous sepal 1-1} by }-} in., broad-lanceolate, purple-veined, sub- entire, hairy. Corolla blue or white; tube 4 in. long. Capsule 1 in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous. Nile Land. Somaliland: near Coromma, Riva, 640! 21. B. blepharoides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx, 24. Branches long-pubescent. Leaves up to 1 by } in. densely hairy on both surfaces. Inflorescences unilateral, of several flowers ; bracts and bracteoles reduced to simple spines, }-3 in. long, straight, stout. osticous sepal up to 1 by % in., ovate, spinous-toothed, finely reticu- lated, coloured. Corolla-tube 2 in. long.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Unyamwezi, Stuhlmann, 496! 22. B. Marlothii, Engl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 262. Small shrub ; branches densely canescent with minute simple white hairs, and with subsessile yellow glands, many-striate; internodes }-1} in. long. Leaves 11 ‘by 1 in., broadly oblong, obtuse, tapering at the base, minutely hairy. Racemes unilateral, condensed, several-flowered (in Welwitsch’s examples 2-1-flowered); sterile bracts } in. long, spme- tipped, recurved, base lanceolate green canescent ; fertile bracts 3 in. ong, oblong, falcate, toothed or subentire. Posticous sepal up to by 4 in., lanceolate, margin sometimes spine-toothed, sometimes With one or no tooth, canescent, and with many subsessile yellow glands. Corolla-tube 3 in. long, hardly dilated at the top. Capsule 33 in. ong, perfecting 4 seeds. Barleria, sp. nova B. acanthoidi, Vahl, affinis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 270. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5013! 5024! Chella ountains, Johnston ! German South-west Africa: Hereroland ; Otyimbingue, Schinz, 11! Marloth, 1315! 152 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Barleria. 23. B. acanthoides, Vahl, Symbd. i. 47. Harsh prickly branched undershrub; branches densely canescent. Leaves 1-2 in. long, oblong- elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, hairy, narrowed at the base, petiole Q—I in. long; interpetiolar spines simple 2-4 together, or compound. Racemes 1-8-flowered, condensed, unilateral, scorpioid ; bracts appearing as flat- tened toothed more or less leaf-like or pinnatifid spines. Posticous sepal 2 by 4 in., ovate, veined, sparsely hairy, entire or ciliate, hardly toothed; lateral sepals less than 4 as long, linear-oblong. Corolla white; tube often 3 in. long and upwards, cylindric, funnel-shaped only just at the top; lobes } in. long. Capsule $ in. long, 4-seeded.— Nees in DO. Prod. xi. 240; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 145 ; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn Soe, vii. 27 in small part; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 105, 242, exclud. syn. R. Br.; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 484; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 524; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314, in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 369, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896]71. Wahabia longiflora, Fenzl ex Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 105. Wile Land. Nubia: Coast-land, 3000-4000 ft., Bent! Suakin, Schweinfurth, 276! Dulac Archipelago, Steudner, 1507! Kordofan, Kotschy, 58! 73! Pfund, 221! 318! Dartur, Pfund, 425! 426! 489! Eritrea: near Mount Yangous, 1100 ft. Schweinfurth & Riva, 599! Habab, 3000 ft., Hildebrandt, 451! Massowa, Lord! Abyssinia: Gageros, 3500-5000 ft., Schimper, 128! Tacazze River, Schimper, 1856! Somaliland: Ogaden, Robecchi, 241! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa, Fischer, 183! 24. B. Kirkii, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 30. Branch stout, glabrous, white ; branchlets densely hairy with spreading clustered almost stellate hairs and with numerous gland-tipped hairs. Leaves 4-1 by }+4 in., elliptic, triangularly narrowed at both ends, densely tomentose with white stellate hairs (more or less disappearing in age) ana with few gland-tipped hairs, also with simple long 1-celled tawny acicular hairs, especially on the nerves; petiole 0-1, in. long. Racemes 2-1- flowered ; bracts (sterile and fertile) 1-1 in. long, spines apparently subulate, simple, but minutely toothed, hairy. Posticous and anticous calyx-segments subequal, } by 4 in., oblong, spine-toothed, becoming scarious reticulate-veined before the fruit is ripe. Style } in. long. Capsule 4 in. long, 4-seeded. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Kaurabassa Rapids, 30 miles above Tete, Kirk! This is not the B. Kirkii of authors, who understand thereby the next species, B. spinulosa, Klotzsch. " 25. B. spinulosa, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 208. Branches with some spreading clustered hairs and many gland-tipped hairs, hardly glabrescent in age. Leaves up to 34 by 1} in, elliptic, narrowed at both ends, stellately tomentose when young, becoming more Or less glabrate when mature, and then showing no cystoliths under a micro- scope; gland-tipped hairs few, simple straight tawny hairs maby ; petiole ;4,-} in. long. Racemes 1—4-flowered (in Buchanan, 1028, stout, Barleria.| XCVIII, ACANTHACE (CLARKE). * 158 8-flowered) ; bracts (sterile and fertile) 12 in. long, linear or lanceolate, green, spine-toothed (in Buchanan, 1028, longer, stouter). Posticous and anticous calyx-segments subequal, 2 by 4 in., ovate, spine-toothed, reticulately veined (but sometimes, B. squarrosa, Klotzsch, scarcely } in. wide, oblong). Corolla pale purple-blue; tube 2 in. long, cylindric to the top; lobes }-} in. long. Capsule } in. long, 4-seeded.—Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 369. B. squarrosa, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 207; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Mozamb, Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Kerimba Islands, Peters ! Lower Zambesi; below Shigogo, Kirk! between Tete and Lupata, Kirk ! Zambesi, Kirk ! Tete, Peters! Lower valley of the River Shire, Meller! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; by the River Shire, Kirk ! Meller ! between Mpata and the Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! Songwe and Karonga, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte, 29! Lake Nyasa; Lukoma (Likoma Islands ?), Bellingham ! Nyasaland, Buchanan, 173! 1028! 1313! 26. B. Clivorum, (. B. Clarke. Innovations, and young leaves beneath, stellate-tomentose. Leaves up to 44 by 14 in., acuminate at either end, when mature glabrous beneath with conspicuous cystoliths ; petiole up to 1} in. long; otherwise as B. spinulosa. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi ; Shupanga, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland; between Mpata and the Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! 27. B. consanguinea, AJotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 208. Branches thickly clothed with spreading white soft hairs ;'5 in. long, without any gland-tipped hairs. Leaves 2-1} in. long; otherwise as B. spinulosa.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. _ Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Beira, Braga, 81 ! Lower Zambesi ; Rios de Sena, Peters ! Shupanga, Scott / 28. B. capitata, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 210. Branch canescent with short incurved white hair. Leaves 1 by }—3 in., sub- obtuse, narrowed at the base, subsessile, simply hairy. Inflorescence a unilateral, very dense, many-flowered raceme 1-1} in. in diam. ; sterile bracts 44 in. long, reduced to deeply pinnatifid stiff spines; fertile bracts 1 in, long, lanceolate, ciliate subspine-toothed. Posticous sepal 1} in. long, ovate-lanceolate, ciliate spine-toothed. Style 23 in. long. Capsule 3 in, long, 4-seeded, glabrous—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr . 869, Nile Land. Eritrea: Schweinfurth, 1071! Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Rios de Sena, Peters! British Central Africa: Rhodesia ; Leshumo Valley, Holud ? Allied to B. lichtensteiniana of South Africa. . 29. B. Steudneri, (. B. Clarke. Small branched shrub, with Simple hairs all over, Leaves up to 1 by 4 in., obovate-elliptic, " mucronate, base narrowed into a petiole 71; in. long. Spikes dense, Ts 154. XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Barleria. in. in diam,; sterile bracts } in. long, altogether spinous pinnatifid; outer fertile bracts up to 1 by 3 in., ovate, acute, with many innocuous teeth. Calyx 2 in. long; posticous segment obovate-oblong, shaggy. Corolla dark blue, more than 1 in. long. Wile Land. Eritrea: Keren, Steudner, 1508! 30. B. mucronifolia, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 71. Branch woody, hairy. Leaves } by } in., triangular at either end, hairy on both surfaces, tip with a hard spine ;!/; in. long. Spikes 1} by 1} in., unilateral; sterile bracts 1 in. long, reduced to pinnatifid spines; empty bracts to spike 1 in. long, lanceolate, spinous. Posticous sepal 1 by 4-4 in., ovate, acute, spinescent, hairy. Corolla purple-blue, tube 1# in. long inflated near the top. Nile Land. Somaliland: Gonene, Riva, 1098! 31. B. homoiotricha, C’. B. Clarke. Canescent with many short incurved white simple hairs. Leaves 3 by 4 in., obovate-elliptic, tip obtuse with a mucro, base narrowed; petiole 0-1 in. long. Sterue bracts up to 4 in. long, reduced to compound pinnatifid rigid spies; raceme many-flowered, unilateral, dense; fertile bracts % in. long; elliptic-lanceolate, few-toothed. Posticous sepal 3 by } in., acute, margin spine-toothed ; anticous calyx-segment hardly } in. long, ovate, obtuse, entire or nearly so. Corolla-tube 1} in. long, funnel-shaped at the top. Filaments with scattered short white hairs nearly to the top: Ovary glabrous; ovules 2, subsimilar in each cell; style glabrous, wit a very few microscopic hairs near the base. Nile Land. Somaliland, Miss Edith Cole! Gillet & Aylmer! This is allied to B. mucronifolia, Lindau, but has short uncurved grey (instead of villous) hairs, and smaller flowers. 32. B. elegans, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 269, excluding sy” Hairs simple or obscurely clustered. Branches 2 ft. long. Leaves UP to 33 by 14 in., quite entire, narrowed into a petiole 0-4 in. long: Racemes unilateral, 1-1} in. long, 2-8-flowered ; fertile bracts 4 by $ in., spine-toothed. Posticous sepal 3 in. long, elliptic, acute, spre toothed. Corolla blue-mauve; tube 3-2 in. long, narrowly funnel- shaped; lobes } in. long. Capsule } in. long, 4-seeded.—B. pungen®s var. macrophylla, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 237, not of Linn. Lower Guinea. Loango, Soyauvr, 26! Angola, Welwitsch, 5034! 5068! 5114! 5122! 5187! Ambriz, Monteiro! Huilla; Humpata, Johnston ! Also in South Africa. In this plant the cystoliths are sometimes conspicuous in the leaves, sometimes altogether obscure. It is not easy to understand how Nees supposed it could bet var. of the Cape B. pungens, Linn., which has small toothed leaves with a differen indumentum, and bears no superficial resemblance to B. elegans. 33. B. carruthersiana, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 270. Strigose ; internodes 34 in. long, or only 14 in. long. Leaves up t© Barleria.] XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 155 by 2? in. (often much smaller), narrowed into a petiole } in. long. Racemes 1-14 in. long, unilateral; fertile bracts 4-3 in. long, elliptic- lanceolate, margin toothed (in the sterile bracts doubly toothed or sub- pinnatifid). Posticous sepal nearly ? in. long and broad, spine-toothed. Corolla blue; tube ? in. long, slightly widened upwards. Ovary with 2 subsimilar ovules in each cell. Lower Guinea. Angola: Quitibe de Cima, Welwitsch, 5040! Chella Mountains, Johnston ! 34. B. flava, Jacq. Eclog. 67, t. 46. Innovations and stem strigose with tawny hairs. Leaves 7 by 2 in., attenuated at both ends, when mature strigose mainly on the nerves beneath; petiole 0—} in. long. Spikes very dense, up to 12—20-flowered (those seen all terminal) ; fertile bracts 1-1} in. long, linear, spine-toothed. Posticous sepal } by 4 in., ovate, spine-toothed ; anticous calyx-segment } in. long, ovate, obscurely bitid at the tip, spine-toothed. Corolla yellow (when dry mauve-violet) ; tube 14 in. long, cylindric; lobes 2 in. long. Stamens 4, 2 very rudi- mentary; anthers muticous. Ovary glabrous, with 2 ovules in each cell; style glabrous, branches 2, subequal, linear, short, approximated.— Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 224; Bot. Mag. t. 4113; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 32 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314. B. senegalensis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 224; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480. B. Afzelii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xxiv. 319. Hran- themum flavum, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 2. Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Rio Nunoz, Heudelot, 644! and without pre- Cise locality, Whitfield ! Sierra Leone: near Mofari, Scott-Elliot, 4423! and without Precise locality, Afzelius ! Long cultivated in European gardens. The above description is from Scott-Elliot, 4423, noted to have yellow flowers, which have become in drying mauve-purple, as stated by Nees. The descriptions of the old garden plant recede in various ways; the wild plant appears a typical Barleria ; Jacquin figures the stamens as 4, fertile, equal ; the anthers are said to be Sometimes tailed, the stigmas abnormal, &c. 33. B. argentea, Balf. f. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. xii. 86, Small branched shrub without spines ; young branches canescent with minute 1-celled strigillose hairs. Leaves 1 by 4-1 in., oblong or narrowly elliptic, base narrowed, when young canescent, when mature glabrate on the faces with cystoliths, with medifixed hairs on the margin, sub- Sessile or with a petiole ,}, in. long. Cymes 1-3-flowered, condensed, small, scattered; bract and calyx with many minute spreading white airs and gland-tipped few- or 1-celled hairs; bract 4 in. long, nearly tear. Posticous sepal } in. long, linear from an oblong base ; anticous calyx-segment 4 in. long, oblong, narrowed to a ligulate minutely notched tip; 2 inner sepals 1 in. long. Corolla-tube } in. long, cylindric, Slightly dilated at the top; limb } in. long or rather more (whole corolla $ In. long, fide Balfour). Stamens anthers and pollen of typical Barleria. vary minutely hairy, style glabrous, stigmas exactly of Barleria ; ovules 2 in each cell, lower minute (but visible microscopically in the 156 XCVII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). { Barleria. capsule). Capsule } in. long, silky, 2-seeded, the linear-conic beak ¢ in. tong, forming half the capsule, seeds altogether of the genus.—Balf. f. in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xxxi. 214; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. B. schweinfurthiana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 26, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, andin Eng). Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. B. diffusa, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398. SB. yemensis, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. JB. jucunda, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 75. B. Phillipsee, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1897, 378. Somalia diffusa, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1528, and in James, Unknown Horn. Afr. 321, t. 8; Schweinf. in Hohnel, Zum Rudolph-See und Stephanie-See, Sonderabdr. 1892, 6. Wile Land. Somaliland, James & Thrupp! Darar, Donaldson Smith! Yafir, 6500 ft., Hildebrandt, 860c! German East Africa: Usambara; West of the Pare Range, 600-2500 ft., Hohnel, 6! An example bearing the MS. name Gossypiospermum, Schweinfurth, 19774, at Kew, contains the present plant and Ruellia patula, Jacq. In B. jucunda, Lindau, the capsule is glabrous or very nearly so; the upper part of the young ovary is glandular and hairy. 36. B. parviflora, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. 65. Branches with closely adpressed white hairs. Leaves up to 1} by ? in., ovate elliptic, obtuse, rounded at the base, sessile, when young with some medifixed hairs on the margin, when mature nearly glabrate. Cymes lax, 1-3-flowered ; bract nearly } in. long, broad-lanceolate. Two outer calyx-segments exceeding } in. long, ovate, acute; posticous notched. Corolla (whole length) 3 in., or scarcely more. Ovary with 2 ovules 1m each cell, lower minute. Capsule } in. long, 2-seeded, pubescent, beaked.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, 29; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. B. Harnierii, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 106, 242. B. paucijlora, Lindau 2 Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. 2B. cordifolia, Hochst. ex T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 29. Nile Land. Nubia: Mount Erkowit, near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 255! Eritrea : Habab, 5000 ft., Hildebrandt, 453! Abyssinia: mountains near Gageros, 3500 ft., Schimper, 11! 2291! and without precise locality, Schimper, 1383 ! 1627! Somali- land, Riva, 1680! 37. B. Hochstetteri, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 231. Hairs and habit as of B. argentea. Leaves up to 12 by } in,, elliptic, obtuse, narrowed into a petiole 1-1 in. long. Cymes few-flowered, lax ; pedicel often } in. long, that of a lateral flower sometimes with minute linear bracteoles. Two outer calyx-segments nearly } by } in. ovate, entire, subequal. Corolla-tube } in. long, lobes }-} in. long. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, lower minute. Capsule exceeding } in. long, 2-seeded. minutely hairy, beaked.— Wight, Ic. t. 1528; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 29; Zarb, Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 107, 243; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.1¥. 483; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, fig. 12° Barleria.| XCVII, ACANTHACER (CLARKE). 157 F.; Rendle in Journ, Bot. 1896, 395. B. Rivaei, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 74. 2B. Pirottaei, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi.[1896]75. Barlerites Hochstetteri, Orsted in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 137. Wile Land. Dalac Archipelago, Steudner, 1512! Eritrea: near Saati, Schwein- Sfurth § Riva, 581! Nubia: between Suakin and Berber, Schweinfurth, 122! 426! ‘Cordofan: Mount Arasch Cool, Kotschy, 159! and without precise locality, Kotschy, 119! 476! Pfund, 417! 426! Darfur, Pfund, 418! Abyssinia: Togodele, Ehrenberg ! Somaliland: Okoti, Donaldson Smith! Danna Torrent, Riva, 819! Daua River, Riva, 1082! B. aucheriana, Nees, united with this species by T. Anderson, l.c., has subsessile, narrower leaves, and may be B. argentea. Nees’ example is a fragment. Extends eastwards to Scinde. 38. B. orbicularis, Hochst. ex 7’. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 92. Cymes dense, unilateral, or many reduced to 1 flower. Two outer calyx-segments # in. long and broad, tip rounded, base conspicuously cordate; otherwise as 3. Hochstetteri.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. B. cardiocalyx, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 105, 242. B. chlamydocalyx, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 73. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Mountains near Gageros, 3300 ft., Schimper, 129! 2189! and without precise locality, Schimper, 1270! 1630! Somaliland, Riva, 1464! B. chlamydocalyx is said by Lindau to differ by having gland-tipped hairs; but there are gland-tipped hairs on the young branches of Schimper, 2189. 39. B. glandulifera, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 22. Small much-branched shrub, in all parts puberulo-tomentose and glandular. Leaves 3 by 3 in., round-elliptic ; petioles up to 4 in. long. _ Flowers solitary, axillary ; bracts nearly } in. long, spathulate, Exterior calyx- Segments 4 in. long, oblong. Corolla-tube } in. long; lobes } in. long. Ovary hairy, 2-ovulate ; style hairy towards the base. Capsule | in. long, 2-seeded.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314. Nile Land. Somaliland: Ahl Mountains, 6300 ft., Hildebrandt, 860! The capsule is altogether that of sect. Somalia, but the hairs are spreading; I See no stellate or basifixed hairs. 40. B. polyneura, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 266. Glabrous xcept two opposite lines of minute white hairs on the branches. aves 2$ by 14 in., ovate, reticulate-nerved, subsessile. powers ‘pproximated in the upper axils ; bract % by 3’ in., linear-spathu te. osticous sepal 1} by }? in., cordate-ovate, entire , anticous ca yx Segment nearly 1 in. long, tip of two depressed-triangular tooth 5 two inner sepals } in. long, glabrous. Corolla white ; tube purplis (s. Moore), 3-1 in. long, funnel-shaped ; lobes scarcely 4 in. long. Capsule 3 in. long, glabrous, 2-seeded, tip conic.—Lindau in Engl. «& Prantl, Pilanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314. Lower Guinea. Angola; near Lake Ivantala, Welwitsch, 5029! 158 XCVIJI, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Barleria. 41. B. violascens, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 265. Leaves 21 by } in., lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, subsessile. Bract 1 by js in., linear. Anticous calyx-segment } in. long, bilobed 4—} the way down. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, lower very much smaller; otherwise as B, polyneura.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 391. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, 5000-5300 ft., Welwitsch, 5016! 5028! Antunes, 67! 42. B. obtusisepala, (. B. Clarke. Branches full of cystoliths, glabrous. Leaves up to 3} by 7-1 in., lanceolate, subsessile, reticulate- nerved, when young with small scattered hairs on the surface anda few yellow stiff hairs on the margin, when mature nearly glabrous. Flowers approximated in the upper axils; bract nearly 1 by } in. Two outer calyx-segments similar, subequal, } by 1 in., quadrate-oblong, suddenly narrowed at the top, apiculate, minutely hairy and with a few yellow stiff hairs on margin; two inner calyx-segments 4 in. long, glabrous, with stalked glands at the top. Ovary and style glabrous, ovules 2 in each cell, lower much smaller; disc very short.—Barlerie sp. nova, ‘B. salicifolie affinis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 270. Lower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5162! 43. B. Welwitschii, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 267. Root woody; branches 1 ft. long or more, minutely pubescent, as are the innovations. Leaves up to 4 by 1 in., oblanceolate, obtuse, attenuate at the base, subsessile, when mature minutely pubescent on the midrib beneath. Flowers approximated in the upper axils; bract 4-3 by yo-vz in., linear or slightly spathulate. Posticous sepal 3 by 4-4 iDs quadrate-oblong, tip short triangular, minutely pubescent; anticous calyx-segment nearly similar but 2-nerved and the tip minutely notched ; two inner sepals } in. long, very pubescent ; whole calyx with gland-tipped several-celled hairs. Corolla cream colour; tube 1 in jong: Ovary glabrous.—Lindau in Engl, & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. v . Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5091! 44, B. alata, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 266. Innovations pubescent, and with gland-tipped several-celled hairs, branches up t© 15 in. long, “‘ pruinose” to the naked eye, minutely and densely pube- scent with very small white curved hairs. Leaves up to 54 by 2in., when mature nearly glabrous with minute hairs on the nerves beneath, tip triangular-acute, base triangular-acuminate so that the petiole appears winged. Flowers solitary in remote axils, also approximate in the upper axils; bract 4-4 in. long, linear. Calyx pubescent and with gland-tipped several-celled hairs; posticous segment 3 in. Jong; quadrate-oblong, tip depressed-triangular ; anticous segment nearly similar, but 2-nerved with the tip minutely notched; two interior calyx-segments } in. long. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, inflated nearly from the base; lobes 4-4 in. long. Ovary glabrous, setulose at the tp; etatateaateiaateaisaaet yl Barleria.| XOVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 159 ovules 2 in each cell; style glabrous. Capsule 2-seeded, tip conic.— B. lancifolia, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 28. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo and Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5147! 5148! 5169! 5194! 5195! T, Anderson says the stem of his B. lancifolia was pruinose; 8. Moore says his B, alata differs chiefly by having the stem scarcely pruinose, but it has really the stem more than pruinose, As to the corolla-difference, when ‘[. Anderson says his corolla was funnel-shaped with a very short tube, I suppose that he means that the cylindric part of the tube was very short. 45. B. cyanea, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 265. Shrub much branching; nodes slender, long, full of cystoliths, with two opposite lines of minute curved white hairs, soon glabrate. Leaves 1 by } in., sessile, tip triangular, base narrowed, when mature with scattered hairs above or nearly glabrous. Flowers solitary; bract + in. long, linear. Posticous sepal 4 by 3~-} in,, entire, elliptic, sub- acute, reticulate-nerved, minutely hairy ; anticous calyx-segment nearly similar; 2 inner sepals } in. long. Corolla intense blue (S. Moore) ; tube ? in. long, slender; limb as long as the tube. Lower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5092! 46. B. calophylla, Zindaw in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 17. Glabrous except the 2 inner sepals; branches 15 in. long, from a woody root- stock. Leaves up to 33 by 1} in., oblong, scarcely acute, sessile, base narrowed, rounded or cordate; cystoliths obscure. Racemes 3-1-flowered, condensed in the upper axils, running into an oblong head ; floral leaves as the stem-leaves, but smaller; bract % in. long, linear-oblong. Posticous sepal 12 by } in., ovate-elliptic, glabrous, scarcely acute ; anticous calyx-segment similar but obscurely 2-nerved ; 2 inner sepals 1 in. long, linear, minutely pubescent. Corolla white, rose-suffused (Schweinfurth) ; tube 14 in. long, slightly funnel-shaped at the top; lobes 1} in. long. Capsule ? in. long, stout, with 4 seeds. — ‘Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B.314. B. Newton, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 117. Wile Land. British East Africa: Niamniam; Gumba, Schweinfurth, 3422! Bongo; Addai, Schweinfurth, 2182 ! Lower Guinea. Angola: Lobango, New/on, 193! Lindan says B. Newtoni differs in having the leaves cordate at the base, but so has Schweinfurth, 3422. 47. B. calophylloides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 17. Glabrous or most obscurely puberulous, except the 2 inner sepals. Leaves 4 by 2 in., elliptic, rounded at the base, subsessile. Outer calyx-segments 1 in. long, ovate-elliptic ; anticous shallowly notched at the top. Corolla yellow (Lindau) ; tube 11 in. long; lobes £ in. long. Ovary with two ovules in each cell, lower very much smaller than upper.—Lindau in Engl. Pal. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: between Lake Tanganyika and Lake 160 XCVILI, ACANTHACE (CLARKE). [ Barleria. Rukwa, 6000 ft., Nutt! Unyamwezi; Gonda, Boehm, 164! Uzinja; Bukome, Stuhlmann, 3431! British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, Nutt! 48. B. grandis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 233. Branched shrub, 2-3 ft. high ; branches with cystoliths and a few gland-tipped several-celled hairs, soon glabrate. Leaves up to 5} by 14-2} in.; narrow-elliptic to ovate, subsessile, when mature glabrate, with cystoliths. Racemes nearly all reduced to 1 flower, some in the lower axils, but chiefly in the upper axils forming a quasi-terminal dense panicle; bracteoles 4—} in. long, linear. Calyx densely short-hairy and glandular; posticous sepal 1} by % in., broadly oblong, hardly acute; anticous calyx-segment nearly similar but 2-nerved, minutely 2-toothed. Corolla blue (WVees) ; tube 2} in. long, slightly widened upwards; lobes 12 in. long. Ovary covered to the base with subsessile glands; ovules 2 of equal size in each cell; style glabrous.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 143; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 242; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314, fig. 125 A-D. B. grandiflora, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. 64 (name only). ZB. grandifolia, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 30; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. rn Barlerianthus grandis, Orsted in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 6. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre; Addi-Cubbo-Hazzin, Schimper, 498! Mount Sinai, near Adowa, Schimper, 702! Axum, Steudner, 1509! Shire, Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 283! and without precise locality, Parkyns ! 49. B. Mackenii, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5866.—Branches minutely and densely white-hairy, glabrescent. Leaves 2} by 1 in, narrowed at both ends, subsessile, minutely setulose on the nerves beneath or glabrate. Racemes mostly reduced to 1 flower, in distant axils and approximate at the ends of the branches; bract } by yz in. Posticous sepal 1 by 4-3 in., hardly acute, densely pubescent with small white hairs and with yellow bristles on the nerves ; anticous segments similar ; 2 inner sepalsdin. long, linear. Corolla mauve; tube } 1D. long ; lobes $—-7 in. long. Ovary covered to the base with minute white hairs and short-stalked glands; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower very much smaller than the upper ; style glabrous, or with a few hairs near the base.—Gard. Chron. 1871, 72, fig. 16; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 266. Lower Guinea. Amboland: Okasima-Ka-Namutenya, Schinz, 58! _Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usagara, 650 ft., Stuhlmann, 8154; British Central Africa: Matabeleland, Elliot, Tati Goldfields, McKen ! Goldfields, lat. 23° S., Chapman & Baines! Rhodesia; Schneemann’s Pan, Holub, 917! 918! Ngamiland; Kwebe, Lugard, 124! 50, B. marginata, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127, t. 128. Rootstock _ woody ; branches 1-14 ft. long with 2 opposite lines of minute white curved hairs, glabrate. Leaves 3 by 4 in., narrowed to the base, sessile, when mature nearly glabrate except for yellow simple bristles on the margins and midrib beneath. Flowers approximate ip Barleria. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEX (CLARKE). 161 the upper axils, apparently a short terminal head; bract and calyx pubescent and with some bristles; bract 4—2 in. long, linear-lanceolate, faleate. Posticous calyx-segment nearly 3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acutely cuspidate ; anticous segment 4 in. long, broadly lanceolate, acutely cuspidate, obscurely 2-nerved ; 2 inner sepals nearly 4 in. long, linear. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, linear, hardly dilated at the top; lobes t+} in. long. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell, lower much the smaller; style glabrous. Capsule 2 in. long, 2-seeded, beak conic.— Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Barleria, sp. n. 2, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usaramo; at Matamombo on the Kingane River, Speke §- Grant ! 51. B. ukamensis, Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Branches hispidulous. Leaves up to 2 by 1 in., elliptic, triangular at either end, subsessile, when mature minutely hispidulous on the nerves beneath. Heads terminal, 1? by 1 in., rather dense, sparingly hispid; bracts 3 by 4 in., subobtuse. Posticous and anticous lobes of the calyx 4 by § in., subsimilar, subobtuse, hispidulous on the nerves. Corolla-tube 2 in. long, lobes 3 in. long. Ovary and style- base glandular hairy. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa; Usagara, 700 ft., Stuhlmann, 8154! _ 92. B. Lugardii, C. B. Clarke. Branches woody, 18 in. long; innovations minutely white-hispid. Leaves 1} by } in., narrowed at each end, glabrous, somewhat glaucous; cystoliths conspicuous ; petiole { in. long. Flowers solitary, in opposite axils; bract } in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment #% in. long, ovate, acutely cuspidate, glaucous, with a few scattered white bristles ; anticous calyx-segment rather shorter with 2 short lanceolate teeth ; inner calyx-segments $ in, long. Corolla white, total length scarcely ? in. Ovary densely short hairy in the upper half. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland; Kwebe, Lugard, 128! This species is near B. violascens, but the leaves and flowers are much smaller, and the flowers are not all approximated in the upper axils. 53. B. stellato-tomentosa, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 268. Plant clothed with stellate and simple yellow subpersistent hairs. tems 15 in. long from a woody root. Leaves 24 by }-2 in., varying on one stem from broad-elliptic to narrow-oblong. Inflorescence in very dense hard terminal heads ; floral leaves imbricated, outer ovate, Mner spathulate, 3 in. long, thick, brown-red, shining, viscid stellate- ary and yellow-bristly ; bract % by } in., linear-spathulate. Posticous Sepal } by 1-1 in., spathulate-obtuse ; anticous calyx-segment 7 by }in., broadly elliptic, 2-nerved, shortly 2-lobed; 2 inner sepals 3 in. long, near; whole calyx with stellate and yellow simple hairs, more or €8s Wearing off. Corolla violet-blue (S. Moore); tube 3 in. long, linear-cylindric, very slightly dilated at the top; lobes } in. long. VOL. vy, M 162 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Barleria. Ovary with a very few scattered stellate white hairs; style glabrous with a dense cluster of short glands at the base. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5095! 5163! 54. B. stelligera, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 71. Shrubby, with stellate and some long white simple hairs. Leaves 1 by } in., oblong-elliptic, obtuse, base tapering ; petiole hardly any. Heads #? in. long, terminal, very dense. Bracts 3 in. long, ovate. Sepals nearly } in. long, margins with many white simple hairs $ in. long, which protrude prominently from the dense heads. Corolla } in. long. Otherwise resembling S. salicifolia. Nile Land. Somaliland: Jellago, Riva, 1439! 55. B. albostellata, C. B. Clarke. Persistently white stellate- tomentose. Leaves up to 34 by 21 in., ovate, subacute; petiole up to 3 in. long. Inflorescence in dense globose terminal heads 2 in. in diam. ; floral leaves up to 14 by #? in., not viscid, ultimately papery; bract and calyx ultimately papery, with long white hairs and a few stellate hairs; bract 1 by 4 in., ligulate, faleate. Posticous sepal % in. long; anticous calyx-segment 1 in. long, tip notched; 2 inner sepals scarcely } in. long. Capsule nearly 2 by } in., 2-seeded. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Matabeleland; by the River Shasha, Holub, 1397 ! 56. B. salicifolia, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 268. When young with spreading grey hairs and stellate hairs. Heads of flowers terminal on the stem and on short lateral spurs; floral leaves elliptic- lanceolate, not imbricated nor viscid nor yellow-brown. Anticous calyx-segment ? by 4 in., nearly twice as broad as the posticous sepal. Ovules 2 in each cell, lower very small. Capsule scarcely } in. long; 2-seeded ; otherwise as B. stellato-tomentosa.—B. stellato-tomentosa, var. ukambensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 23, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Nile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2722! 2722a; Taita ; Ndara Mountain, 1900 ft., Hildebrandt, 2457 ! Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5102! 5103! 5119! Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Umba Valley, Smith ! This species, like B, stellato-tomentosa, shows remarkable variation in shape between the leaves on the same stem, and is (as S. Moore states) closely allied thereto. The heads, however, are different from the subglobose heads of B. stellato-tomentosa, closely enclosed by the viscid coloured imbricated outer ovate floral leaves. 57. B. Hildebrandtii, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1877, 69. Small rugged branched shrub, with persistent stellate-white and strigose- yellow hairs. Leaves 1 by } in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, sub- petioled, tip obtuse. Heads terminal, few-flowered, bract and calyx with stellate white and hispid yellow hairs; bract } in. long, lanceolate. Posticous sepal $ by { in.; anticous calyx-segment } by } in., 2-nervet, Barleria. | XCVIII, ACANTHACES (CLARKE). 163 tip minutely 2-toothed; 2 inner sepals } in. long, linear. Corolla-tube 4 in. long, linear-cylindric, a little narrowed at the top; lobes 3 in. long, obovate. Anthers rather shorter than in the neighbouring species. Ovary glabrous, or very nearly so; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower much smaller, style glabrous with a dense cluster of short-stalked glands at the base-—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 391; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 71; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1897, 376. Nile Land. Somaliland: Ahl Mountains, 4800-6500 ft., Hildebrandt, 866! Waggar Mountains, 5000 ft., Urs. Lort Phillips ! Ualema, Riva, 1629! British East Africa: Coast of South Somaliland at Tula River, Kirk ! This is very near the small-leaved form of B, salicifolia, but has a much smaller calyx. 58. B. fulvostellata, C. B. Clarke. Whole shrub with scattered persistent tawny stellate hairs. Leaves up to 2} in. long and broad, round, apiculate; petiole 1-4 in. long. Cymes many, few-flowered, short, unilateral, axillary and terminal; barren bracts }-} in. long, linear, entire, not spinous; fertile bract 2 by } in., elliptic, acute, entire. Posticous sepal 2 in. long and broad, entire, obtuse, becoming papery ; anticous calyx-segment 3 in. long, obovate, tip of 2 short round lobes ; 2 lateral sepals 4 in. long, ovate, falcate, subacute. Corolla 14 in. in total length, a deep purple-blue when dried. Pistil glabrous with a large entire cup-shaped disc. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte ! 181! 59. B. opaca, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 230. Straggling half- climbing shrub. Leaves 21 by 1} in., narrowed at both ends, when mature with scattered simple hairs on both faces; petiole 0-} in. long. ymes very short, 3—1-flowered, approximated in the upper axils and running into a dense spike; floral leaves }-1 in. long, subsessile, similar to the lower leaves but smaller, hardly imbricated to form a strobilate spike; bract } in. long, linear or scarcely spathulate. — Posti- Cous sepal nearly 4 in. long, entire, quadrate-oblong, shortly apiculate, hairy 3 anticous segment rather shorter, 2-nerved, tip shortly 2-toothed ; inner sepals 4—1 in. long, linear. Corolla-tube }-1 in. long, narrow funnel-shaped upwards; lobes 4 in. long. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell ; style glabrous. Capsule } in. long, compressed, ellipsoid, narrowed at each end, 2-seeded.—Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 31; Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 77. B. Afzelii, Lindau MS. in Hb. Berol. Justicia opaca, Vahl, Enum. i. 133; Schumach. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 10. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Brass! Gold Coast: Accra, Don! Ashanti : Akroful, Cummins, 30! Volta Basin ; Alafango, Krause ! Lagos: Abeokuta, Rowland! and without precise locality, Millen, 46! 179! Niger Delta: Brass, Don / Cameroons : Buea, 6000 ft., Preuss, 714! S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 268, asks whether this may not be a variety of * ventricosa, which differs in its yellow-green colour, tawny hairs on the innovations, and less dense spikes. 164 XCVIII, ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). | Barleria. 60. B. villosa, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 267. Rambling, 4 ft. high. Leaves 34 by 14 in., narrowed at both ends, villous with simple hairs on both surfaces; petiole up to 1 in. long. Inflorescence nearly as of B. opaca. Posticous sepal # by % in., entire; anticous calyx-segment bitid to } of its length. Corolla blue-purple, tube yellowish ; otherwise as B. opaca. Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5070! 5071! Malange, Buchner, 138! This species is near B. opaca, but has the two outer calyx-segments much narrower, 61. B. ventricosa, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 230. Erect, 3-6 ft. high (ees); strigose with tawny hairs prominent on the innovations. Leaves up to 2 by 3 in., yellow-green; petiole 0-} in. long. Spikes much less dense than in B. opaca, and with more numerous scattered cymes in remoter axils; otherwise as B. opaca.—A. Rich. Tent. Fi. Abyss. ii, 143; T, Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 30; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 107, 243; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 391; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314, m Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369, and in Ann, Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 71. B. mollis, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. 64. B. angustiloba, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 20, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Nile Land. Eritrea: Bogos, 8000 ft., Hildebrandt, 466! Keren, Steudner, 1511! Aitala near Acrour, 5900 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 1346! near Ginda, 3000- 3500 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 2118! 2199! Abyssinia: Tigre; Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 42! Mai Gouagoua, Petit! Mount Kubbi, Schimper, 797! Samen; Jaja, 6000 ft., Schimper, 389! Ankober, Roth, 486! Teramne, Rohlfs & Stecker ! Choho, Quartin-Dillon § Petit, 296! and without precise locality, Salt! Parkyns! Schimper, 761! 1903! Somaliland: Harar, Robecchi, 7! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa, Mischer, 135 ! 62. B. Grantii, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127, t. 127. Shrub. Branches full of cystoliths, when young with opposite minutely hairy lines, when mature glabrate. Leaves 2 by 1} in., ovate, acute, with minute scattered hairs on both surfaces, base rounded ; petiole 0-4 in. long. Cymes 2-1-flowered, principally in the upper axils, running into terminal spikes; bract ? in. long, linear. Posticous sepal nearly ? in. long, entire, ovate; anticous calyx-segment 3 in. long; ovate, tip 2-toothed. Corolla blue; tube % in. long, inflated in the upper half; lobes nearly 2 in. long. Ovary and style glabrous; dise large, cup-shaped ; ovules solitary (Oliver). Capsule 3 in. long, 2-seed (Grant).—Lindau in Engl. Pf, Ost-Afr. C. 368. Ruellia, sp. 0- 2; T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Wile Land. British East Africa: Madi; rocky banks of the Nile, Grant, 665 ! Allied, as Oliver says, to B. ruellioides, T. Anders., which has the flowers in condensed unilateral cymes. 63. B. Limnogeton, S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 99. Villous, especially the young parts and inflorescence. Leaves 4 by 1 in., oblong; Barleria.] XCVIIL ACANTHACEA! (CLARKE). 165 narrowed at both ends; petiole 0-} in. long. Flowers in terminal strobilate spikes; floral leaves 4-3 by 4 in., round-ovate, densely grey- villous, imbricate ; bract ? in. long, linear. Posticous sepal } by ;}; in., entire, oblong; anticous calyx-segment } by } in., tip bifid. Corolla 1 in. long (S. Moore). Ovary glabrous, style-base hairy; ovule solitary in each cell or the lower minute.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Mozamb. Dist. Lake Tanganyika, Cameron ! 64. B. vix-dentata, (. B. Clarke. Rambling, with short white and longer tawny hairs; branches up to 16 in. long. Leaves 24 by 1 in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, when young villous, when mature more or less glabrate above and with cystoliths; petiole 0-4 in. long. Inflorescence of 3-1-flowered short axillary racemes running into dense terminal spikes 4 by 1 in.; floral leaves 2 in. long, similar to the lower leaves, much imbricate; bract } by ,!; in. Posticous sepal % by 1-1 in, elliptic, villous, with few irregular subcrenate teeth on the margin; anticous calyx-segment $ in. long, obovate, obscurely toothed, tip of 2 obtuse lobes; 2 inner sepals 4 in. long, linear. Corolla-tube exceeding 4 in. long; lobes fully § in. long. Ovary and style glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower very small ; disc short, margin undulate. Capsule (Scott-Hiliot, 7023) 4 in. long, elliptic-com- pressed, 2-seeded. Nile Land. British East Africa: Uganda, Wilson, 37! Ruwenzori; Wimi Valley, Scott-Elliot, 7940! Kavirondo, 4000-5000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7023! Mau, 8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6928 ! The species of Barleria numbered 64 to 76 form a very closely allied series. The plants here combined match; except Scott-Elliot, 7023, which has the inflorescence more axillary and the flowers smaller, and which approaches B. Stuhl- manni below. 65. B. ruellioides, 7’. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. vii. 30. Plant 3 ft. high, young parts yellow-strigose. Leaves up to 44 by 13 in., broadly elliptic, attenuate at both ends, when mature witha few scattered small hairs and conspicuous cystoliths ; petiole hardly any, Le. winged to base. Racemes condensed 3-1-flowered, distant; bract minute, linear. Posticous sepal 2 by 4 in., ovate, not acute, with a few minute hairs and conspicuous cystoliths, becoming papery, reticulate, margin minutely toothed ; anticous calyx-segment nearly similar. Corolla 1} in. long, nearly glabrous, blue. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell, ae much smaller. Capsule 34 in. long, elliptic, compressed, 2- Seeded. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 932! 66. B. Antunesi, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 116. Branches hairy. Leaves 3} by 3 in, oblong, narrowed at either end, when Mature nearly glabrate, reticulate-nerved, with cystoliths and many Circular sessile glands; petiole 0-,', in. long. Inflorescence of 3 or 4 Owers approximate in the upper axils, densely softly villous ; bracts ¢ by z'y in., obtuse, soft. Anticous calyx-segment nearly 1 by § in, 166 XCVII1. ACANTHACE (CLARKE). [ Barleria. ovate, entire, densely villous, notched ;3, in. down. Corolla-tube 7 in. long; lobes large, round. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Antunes, 185! Capello, 19! 67. B. Holstii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 19. Straggling 2-3 ft. long, young parts yellow-strigose. Leaves up to 7 by 1} in., elliptic, attenuate at both ends, when mature with scattered hairs and conspl- cuous cystoliths; petiole 0. Inflorescence of 3~—1-flowered condensed unilateral racemes in distant axils; bract 3 by + in., lanceolate, falcate. Posticous sepal up to 1 by 4-2 in., ovate-triangular, acute, minutely toothed; anticous calyx-segment hardly ? in. long, ovate, 2-nerved, truncate, emarginate. Corolla 1} in. long, purple-blue. Ovary and style glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Mascheua, Holst, 3516! 68. B. neurophylla, C. B. Clarke. Nerves (primary and secondary) very conspicuous beneath the leaf. Posticous calyx-segment }-3 in. long, ovate, obtuse, scarcely toothed ; otherwise as B. Holstit. Mozamb. Dist. Lake Tanganyika; Kavala Isles, Carson ! Possibly a form only of B. Holstii ; but from only one branchlet of each it is difficult to form an opinion concerning specific separability. 69. B. repens, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 230. Prostrate, 1-2 ft. long, young parts yellow-strigose. Leaves 14 by ? in. (larger in cultivated examples), shortly villous, afterwards more or less glabrate, tip triangular, base attenuate sometimes to the base of the petiole. Racemes scattered, 2-1-flowered ; bract minute, linear. Two outer calyx-segments sub- similar, up to ¢ by 4-2 in., ovate, sparsely hairy, subentire, ultimately membranous reticulate, tip triangular. Corolla 1} in. long, pink; tube linear, narrowly funnel-shaped upwards. Ovary and style glabrous. Capsule 4—? in. long, 2-seeded, or 4-seeded with the 2 lower seeds con- siderably smaller.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 31; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6954 partly ; Lindau in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Kirk ! Pemba Island, Bojer ! Kilwa Island, Kirk ! Portuguese East Africa ; Inhambane, Scott ! 70. B. querimbensis, Alotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 209. Branches strigose with erect simple hairs. Leaves 1} by 3 in., broadly elliptic, triangular at either end, when young yellow-strigillose, when mature glabrate; petiole } in. long. Flowers 1 (rarely 2) in the uppe? axils, very shortly pedicelled; bracts linear, minute. Posticous sep 1 by 3 in., ovate-triangular, acute, apiculate, cordate at the base. s00P becoming scarious, reticulate, glabrate (young nerves yellow-strigillose): Corolla rose; tube 1 in. long, funnel-shaped at the top; limb 4 1D. long. Capsule } in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous.—Lindau in Engl. Pa. Ost-Afr. C, 368. Barleria. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 167 Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Kerimba Islands, Peters! Quilimane, Stuhlmann, 564 ! 71. B. Boehmii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 19. Sparsely hairy. Leaves 1} by 3 in., elliptic, very sparsely hairy, tip obtuse, base narrowed ; petiole ;4, in. long. Flowers very shortly stalked, solitary, axillary. Posticous sepal nearly 4 in. long, ovate; anticous calyx- segment rather shorter, tip 2-toothed. Corolla blue; tube 3 in. long; limb nearly 4 in. long.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Mozamb,. Dist. German East Africa: Kakoma, Béhm, 25! 72. B. Volkensii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 22. Rambling shrub, young parts yellow-strigose. Leaves up to 2 by | in., ovate, when mature with a few scattered small hairs and conspicuous cystoliths on both surfaces, tip triangular subacute, base truncate (with sometimes a very small triangular attenuation on the petiole); petiole 0-3 in. long. Inflorescence of 3-1-flowered condensed racemes, scattered; bract 4 in. long, linear-lanceolate. Posticous sepal up to 2? by # in., ovate-rhomboid, minutely toothed, tip triangular; anticous calyx-segment 4-2 in. long and broad, 2-nerved, tip of two short triangular teeth ; 2 inner sepals } in, long, linear. Corolla 14-2 in. long, purple-blue; tube oblong- campanulate for more than halt its length. Ovary and style glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower very much smaller; disc nearly 3 the length of the ovary, cup-shaped, toothed.—Lindau in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 369. B. repens, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6954 partly (i.e. Wakefield’s plant). B. submollis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 21, and in Eng). PA. Ost-Afr. C. 369 partly (i.e. Kilimanjaro plant). B. Beivini, Lindau in Engl. Pl. Ost-Afr. C. 369 2 not of T. Anders. Paroderleria Boivini, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. 837. Wile Land. British East Africa: near Mombasa and Nyika country, Wake- field ! 40-60 miles from the coast, Johnston ! Taita, Hildebrandt, 2416! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; “ Kwa Kinabo,” 4800 fi. Volkens, 380! Lake Chala, Volkens, 314! Usambara; Mascheua, Holst, 3577, ! Umba Valley, Smith! 73. B. Stuhlmanni, Lindaw in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 20. Villous. Leaves 14 by 2 in., narrowed at both ends; petiole 0—{ in. long. nflorescence of 3—1-flowered dense racemes, scattered and also approxi- mated at the ends of branchlets. Posticous sepal less than } in. long, ovate, minutely toothed ; anticous calyx-segment nearly as long, broadly ovate, tip with 2 acute triangular lobes. Corolla in total length { in., purple-blue when dried. Stamens and pistil of the genus; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower minute.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. iv. 3 B. 314, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. B. mollis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 159. B. submollis, Lindau in Holst, “xsicc. n. 8736, 8935; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 395; not Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 21. ; Wile Lana. British East Africa: Kapte Plateau, 5000-6000 ft., Thomson ! Mau, 7000-8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6791! between the River Jub and Lake Stefanie, Donaldson Smith. 168 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [Barleria. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Mascheua, Holst, 3515! 8736! Kwa Mshuza, Holst, 8935! Usagara, Stuhlmann, 289 ! The description of B, submollis, Lindau, “leaves subcordate, corolla-tube 1 in., lobes 4 in.,” appears taken from Volkens, 314; and cannot apply to Holst, 8736 (whence the above description of B. Stuhlmanni is drawn), though this Usambara plant is the one repeatedly named by Lindau as submollis. These species of Barleria are very close together, and the number of species hereafter admitted may be greater than that enumerated here. 74. B. micrantha, (. B. Clarke. Young parts tawny villous. Leaves up to 23 by 1 in., ovate-elliptic, subacute at either end, when mature with few scattered small hairs and conspicuous cystoliths ; petiole 0-1 in. long. Inflorescence in 3—1-flowered dense racemes, scattered in remote axils. Posticous sepal 4 by 4 in., rhomboid, definitely toothed ; anticous calyx-segment similar, rather smaller, tip with 2 acute triangular lobes. Corolla in total length hardly ; m., trumpet-shaped, purple-blue when dried. Stamens and pistil of the genus. Wile Land. East side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot ! In the larger, sparsely hairy leaves, this species resembles B. Grantit and B, ruellioides ; but the corolla is far too small to arrange it under either of these. 75. B. usambarica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 21. Villovs, 6-10 in. long. Leaves } by } in., tip triangular, base rounded ; petiole 0-1; in. long. Inflorescence in 2-1-flowered scattered racemes ; bracts zis in. long, linear-lanceolate. Posticous sepal } in. long and broad, acute, subentire ; anticous calyx-segment } in. long, obovate, 2-nerved, minutely 2-toothed. Corolla in total length ? in.; tube in the upper half funnel-shaped. Ovary glabrous; style with scattered hairs in the lower part. Capsule less than } in. long, compressed ellipsoid, 2-seeded. —Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara, Duga, Holst, 3165! Much smaller than any other species. 76. B. rotundisepala, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1897, 376. Small, densely strigose shrub. Leaves up to 1} by 3 in., obtuse, grey-strigose on both faces, narrowed at the base ; petiole Lin. long. Flowers solitary; shortly pedicelled above 2 reduced leaves. Posticous sepal orbicular, nearly } in. long, densely strigose without; anticous calyx-segment similar but rather smaller; two inner sepals } in. long, lanceolate. Corolla } in. Jong, or rather more. Style-base and ovary-top shortly hairy. Nile Land. British Somaliland: Waggar Mountains, Mrs, Lort Phillips ! Rendle thinks this species may belong to the subgenus Somalia. In tbe absence of fruit, this can hardly be settled; I guess its affinity to be with B. usambarica: Barleria. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE), 169 Imperfectly known species. 77. B. damarensis, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 29. Pubescent. Leaves ovate, acute, mucronate, entire, puberulous. Bracts ‘broad subulate,” mucronate. Calyx-segments lanceolate, mucronulate, entire, puberulous. Corolla-tube equal, twice as long as the calyx. Lower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Damaraland; in Dublin Herbarium, without collector’s name. This species is said to be allied to B. meyeriana and B, lancifolia (supposed = B. alata, S, Moore); but as B. meyeriana and B. alata have been referred to different groups, this does not assist us to the affinity. 78. B. acanthophora, ees in DC. Prod. xi. 726. Erect under- shrub, 1 ft. high. Leaves small, ovate, entire, opposite, hairy; stipules and bracts spinescent. Flower solitary, lateral, peduncled, pale violet. Calyx of 2 erect acuminate leaves. Corolla-tube long, filiform, curved at the base; limb 5-fid, patent. Stamens 2, exserted. Style short; stigma simple, thick. Capsule superior, ovate, 2-celled, many-seeded.—Hran- themum spinosum, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. [ed. Willd.] i. 24. 2. acantho- phorum, Roem. & Schultes, Syst. i. Mant. 154. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: In the suburbs of Mozambique, Loureiro, . The above is abstracted from Schultes, The many seeded-capsule with long filiform corolla-tube and spinous stipules form a combination of characters difficult to find in Acanthacea, throwing aside even the calyx. 79. B. Descampsi, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 318. Whole plant villous-hairy. Leaves 24 by } in., ovate, short-petioled. Flowers Solitary in the axils, simulating a terminal spike ; bracteoles lanceolate, exceeding 4 in. in length. Calyx } in. long; anticous segment 2-toothed. Corolla-tube 3 in. long; lobes ? in. long. Ovary hairy at the tip. South Central. Congo Free State: Mount Pueto, Descamps. 37. ERANTHEMUM, Linn. partly ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1097. Calyx small (usually hardly } in. long), divided to the base; Sepals 5, equal, linear-lanceolate. Corolla-tube }-1} in. long, linear, hardly dilated at the top; lobes 5, subequal, }-} in. long, elliptic, Spreading or recurved, anticous outside in bud. Stamens 2, anticous fertile ; filaments glabrous ; anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel, muticous or minutely mucronate at the base; pollen globose, with 3 longitudinal Smooth depressions, not reaching the pole; 2 posticous stamens rudi- Mentary. Pistil glabrous (in African plants); ovary oblong ; ovules 2 m each cell; stigmas 2, subequal, minute, subcoalescent. Capsule 4-seeded at the top, on a long solid stalk ; seeds without hairs, com- Pressed, one face rugose, the other honeycombed.—Under-shrubs. 170 XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [ Hranthemum. Leaves entire. Inflorescence in long spikes of contracted linear panicles, terminal often peduncled; flowers one to each bract, or clustered (condensed simple or compound cymes) in the linear panicles ; bract minute; bracteoles 0. Species 50 (many of them very closely allied), scattered through the warmer parts of the world. This genus is frequently confounded with Rhinacanthus, which is easily separated by its anther-cells being one over the other. As to the pollen, I can find no definite line between the Spangen-pollen and the Rahmen-pollen of Lindau; the smooth depressions lateral to the stopples may unite in bands, while the central depression stops short of the pole (as depicted by Lindau for Graptophyllum). Rhachis of inflorescence and calyx with stalked glands (as well as hairs). Leaves usually 2-3 in. wide, when mature glabres- cent . . . . . . . - Ll. #. decurrens. Leaves 1-13 in. wide, when mature pubescent on the midrib beneath . . . . . . 2. E, senense. Rhachis of inflorescence with no stalked glands (often hairy). Species of West Africa. Flowers nearly all solitary in the axils of bracts on a slender spike . . Axillary dense cymes in a linear panicle, Rhachis of panicle glabrous . Rhachis of panicle pubescent . Species of East Africa. Rhachis of inflorescence glabrous, shining brown Rhachis of inflorescence pubescent or puberulous. Leaves ovate or elliptic. 3. E. nigritianum. . E. hypocrateriforme. . E. ludovicianum. ne . 6. E. Hildebrandtit. Rhachis and calyx with few white bristly hairs 7. EZ. seticalya. Rhachis and calyx with dense minute papillose hairs. . : : . . . 8. E. subviscosum. Rhachis and calyx with several-celled hairs . 9, EH. Lindaui. Leaves large, narrowly elongate-obovate . 10. E. ardisioides. 1. E. decurrens, Vees in DC. Prod. xi. 453. Branches glabres- cent, round or obscurely 4-lineate. Leaves commonly 4 by 2 in., up to 9 by 32 in., at the base ovate, suddenly narrowed intoa long attenuation, when young sparsely pubescent, when mature glabrescent ; cystoliths in the upper surface very small, rather conspicuous, in the lower surface obscure; petiole (excluding the winged portion) rarely } in. long. Spikes 4—6 in. long, pubescent and with stalked glands; flowers mostly solitary, sometimes 2~3 subsessile. Calyx } in. long or rather more, glandular hairy. Corolla yellowish; tube 1 in. long, pubescent. Capsule 1 in. long, seeds } in. in diam.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1. 158 ; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 52 ; Zarb, Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32. Pseuderanthemum decurrens, Radlk. in Sitz.-ber. Bayr. Akad. x1. 286; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330, and in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 2, fig. 58. ; Wile Land. Kordofan, Pfund, 435! 486! 444! Kotschy, 276! Htbiopia Kotschy, 450! Abyssinia, Quartin-Dillon § Petit, 298! Schimper, 773, 1463: British East Africa: Jur; Dimo, Schweinfurth, 4264! Eranthemum.] XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). 171 2. E. senense, Alotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 219. Leaves up to 44 by 1} in., when mature minutely pubescent on the midrib beneath ; cystoliths on the under surface small, numerous, sub- conspicuous ; base of leaves long attenuate; petiole winged or hardly any. Spikes 6-12 in. long, very slender; flowers solitary; otherwise nearly as HL. decurrens, Nees.—Pseuderanthemum senense, Radlk. in Sitz.-ber. Bayr. Akad. xiii. 286, not of Lindau. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Rios de Sena, Peters ! Lupata, Kirk ! This plant is more pubescent than Z. decurrens, with slender leaves and spikes and rather smaller flowers, The numerous stalked glands of the rhachis on the spike und the calyx are not seen in the neurly allied plant issued by Lindau as E. senense, Klotzsch, 3. E. nigritianum, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 51. A slender shrub, 8-20 in. high. Leaves 44 by 1} in,, elliptic, when mature glabrous; cystoliths on both surfaces rather obscure ; petiole 0-$ in. long. Spikes 2-5 in. long, slender ; flowers nearly all solitary ; rhachis minutely pubescent. Sepals } in, long, minutely pubescent, corolla mauve or nearly white; tube ? in. long, nearly glabrous outside. Capsule 2 in. long.—S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 308. 2. plumba- ginoides, P. Maury in Journ. de Bot. ii. 264-267 with figure. _ Pseude- ranthemum nigritianum, Radlk. in Sitz.-ber. Bayr. Akad. xiii. 286; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B.330. Justicia tunicata, Afzel. Remed. Guin. iii. 17; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 428. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Kukuna, by the Scarcies River, Scott- Elliot, 4692! and without precise locality, Afzelius/ Togoland, Baumann, 375! Lagos : Eppah, Barter, 3300! Cameroons: Victoria, Preuss, 1108! 1298! 1366 ! Johnston ! Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker § Staudt, 581! Zenker, 815! Batanga, Bates, 23! Fernando Po, Buchholz ! Mann, 156! Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Gaboon River, Mann, 997! Bittner, 359! Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1708! Angom, Bates, 564! Loango: near Majumbe, Soyauz, 135! 155! Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5177! 5192! South Central. Lunda: Bashilange; Mukenge, Pogge, 988! +. E. hypocrateriforme, Roem. d: Schultes, Syst. i. 179. Shrub 3-4 ft. high. Branches glabrous, with 4 raised lines. Leaves up to 3} by 14 in., ovate or elliptic, when mature glabrous, minutely white- dotted on both surfaces, reticulate-veined beneath; cystoliths very obscure ; petiole 0-4 in. long. Panicles linear, 2-7 in. long; axillary cymes dense, several-flowered, lower more or less spreading, sometimes up to 1 in. long, compound; rhachis minutely pubescent. Sepals 5 1n. ong, glabrous or very nearly so. Corolla scarlet ; tube 1 in. long, nearly glabrous without. Capsule 1} in. long.—Nees in DC. Prod. xi, 454; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 484; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vil. E. affine, Spreng. Syst. i. 89. Justicia hypocrateriformis, Vahl, Enum. i. 165; Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl]. 11. P’sewde- ranthemum hypocrateriforme, Radlk. in Sitz.-ber. Bayr. Akad, xiii. 286 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330 partly. 172 XCVIII, ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). —- [Hrranthemum. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Wallia on the River Scarcies, Scott-Elliot, 4451! and without precise locality, Vogel, 159! Winwoode Reade! Smeathmann! Gold Coast: Accra, Don! Krause, 60! Adato, Krause, 59! Lagos: on rocks at Eruva, Rowland ! 5. BE. ludovicianum, Biittn. in Verh. Bot. Brandenb. xxxii. 41. Shrub, up to 12 ft. high; branches round; stem quadrangular (Biittner). Leaves 7 by 24 in., elliptic, when mature glabrous, upper surface with scattered subobscure cystoliths, lower surface closely and minutely round-dotted; petiole up to 1 in. long. Panicle 6 by ? in.; axillary condensed cymes 3-8-flowered; rhachis minutely pubescent. Calyx + in. long, minutely pubescent. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, nearly glabrous without ; lobes } in. long. —H. Mannii, T. Anders. MS. Pseude- ranthemum ludovicianum, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1v. 3 B. 330; Wild. et Dur. Ill. Fl. Congo, i. (1899), p. 63, t. 32. Upper Guinea. Ashanti: Assin-Yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 237 | Cameroons: Yaunde, Staudt, 537! Zenker, 418! Preuss, 598 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 1437 ! South Central. Lunda: Muene-Putu-Kassongo, Biittner, 460 ! 6. E. Hildebrandtii, (. B. Clarke. A shrub 3-6 ft. high, nearly glabrous. Branches terete or quadrangular. Leaves up to 4} by 1} in., ovate or elliptic; cystoliths many slender on the surfaces; petiole 0-1 in. long (leaf base often long decurrent on a quasi-winged petiole). Panicles linear, 1-3 in. long, often terminal on lateral branches, running into a large compound inflorescence ; rhachis glabrous, shining brown; otherwise as L. hypocrateriforme.—E. hypo- crateriforme, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398. Pseuderanthemum Hildebrandtii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 39, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. 371. Nile Land. Somaliland: Sheikh Husein, Donaldson Smith! British East Africa: Rabai Hills near Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 2308! Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Kirk ! Hildebrandt, 981! German East Africa : Usambara ; Duga, Holst, 3159! Mascheua, Holst, 8800! Tanga, Holst, 2110! Magila, Kirk! between Magila and the River Sigi, Volkens, 64! Usaram® Stuhlmann, 8988 ! Hildebrandt, 981, has terete branches. The present species is separated from E. hypocrateriforme by the shining-brown glabrous rhachis, and the leaves no’ reticulately veined beneath. 7. E. seticalyx, (. B. Clarke. Branches roundish, glabrate, with the rhachis of inflorescence pubescent upwards. Leaves uP to 4} by 2 in., ovate (in some of Kirk’s examples 7 by 33 in.), when young often very hairy, when mature rarely quite glabrate ; cystoliths scattered, obscure ; petiole 0-1 in. long. Panicles 2-3 by } in., dense. Calyx } in. long, nearly glabrous or with white spreading sm bristles, also seen on the rhachis. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, pubescent without. Eranthemum.| XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 173 Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Mountains east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson! British Central Africa: Nyasaland: Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte, 315 ! Sougwe and Karonga, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte, 6! Zomba Rock, Whyte ! Blantyre, Simon ! Manganja Hills, near Shibisa (Chikwawa), 200-300 ft, Kirk ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 302! 1204! 8. EB. subviscosum, (’. B. Clarke. Branches roundish, glabrate. Leaves up to 84 by 2 in, ellipticlanceolate, when mature usually quite glabrous; cystoliths scattered, obscure on both faces; petiole 0-lin. long. Panicles 2—5 in. long, linear; rhachis minutely pubescent. Calyx } in. long, almost sticky from numerous short and almost papillose hairs (without terminal glands). Corolla, pollen, and capsule as of EF. seticalyx.—Pseuderanthemum hypocrateriforme, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. iv. 8 B. 330 partly, and in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 371, Nile Land. British East Africa: Uganda, Stuhlmann, 1397! Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Makua; Namuli Hills, Last / British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shibisa (Chikwawna) to Tshinmuze, 2000-4000 ft., Kirk! Mount Chiradzula, 200-1000 ft., Meller! Mount Mlange, 4000 ft., McClounie, 60! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 449! 558! 9. E. Lindaui, C. 2. Clarke. Stem 10 in. long, undivided, terete, glabrate. Leaves up to 74 by 2? in., ovate, when mature glabrous or minutely bristly on the midrib beneath ; cystoliths humerous, small; petiole 0-1 in. long. Spike terminal, 4} in. long, very slender; flowers solitary, distant; rhachis with small many- Jointed hairs, not gland-tipped. Calyx 4 in. long, puberulous. Corolla- tube } in. long.— Pseuderanthemum senense, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 371, Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara, Mascheua, Holst, 3494! Nderema, Holst, 2251! This is EH. senense, Lindau, but has no gland-tipped hairs. The hairs are of several cells, often alternately broad and narrow, empty or filled with brown oil, Except for these hairs, and the considerably smaller corolla, the plant might be united with EF. subviscosum. 10. E. (?) ardisioides, (. B. Clarke. Branches terete, rather stout, glabrous. Leaves up to 11 by 38 in., elongate-obovate, when mature glabrous; cystoliths obscure; petiole } in. long. Panicles 2-3 by $ in., dense upwards, nearly glabrous. Calyx 4 in. long, minutely pubescent. Corolla (not expanded but) tube short for the genus. stamens 2, with rudiments of filaments of posticous stamens; anthers oblong, parallel, muticous, with stalked glands on connective and on € upper part of the filament; pollen ellipsoid, narrowed ab both ends, acutely triangular, the 3 bands not reaching the pole ; pistil and “apsule (half-ripe) of the genus. Wile Land. British East Africa; Uganda, Scott-Elliot, 7521 ! 174 XCVII1. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). { Ruspolia. 38. RUSPOLIA, Lindau in Ann, Istit. Bot. Rema vi. [1896] 79. Anthers 1-celled; otherwise as Hranthemum. Monotypic. 1. R. pseuderanthemoides, Lindau in Ann. [stit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 80. Shrub; innovations hairy. Leaves up to 3 by 14 in., narrowed at either end, hispid, ultimately glabrate, beautifully reticulate- veined beneath; petiole up to # in. long. Spikes hardly 1 in. long, terminal on lateral branches, subglobose; bracts nearly 4 in. long, linear, hispid. Calyx-segments 5, subequal, 4 in. long, subulate, rusty- pubescent. Corolla-tube }-1 in. long, linear-cylindric, not inflated at the top; lobes 5, subequal, ovate, patent. Stamens 2, not exserted; anthers of 1 hemi-ellipsoid cell; filaments glabrous; pollen globose, with 3 large stopples, and longitudinal smooth depressions reaching the pole. Pistil glabrous; style with 2 small subequal oblong lobes. Capsule 1} in. long, stalked, narrow-ellipsoid (all seen are 1-seeded with the lower ovule infertile); seeds nearly smooth.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii—iv. 307. Wile Land. Somaliland: Daua River, Riva, 1418! This plant is exceedingly like Eranthemum hypocrateriforme, Lindau makes the present genus have “ Rahmen-pollen,” and to thus differ from Eranthemum (which has Spangen-pollen ”) and be nearer Graptophyllum. Ruspolia appears to me hardly worth separating trom Eranthemum. I see no tangible difference in the pollen. 39. RUTTYA, Harvey; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1105. Calyx 5-partite nearly to the base ; segments equal, narrowly lanceo- late. Corolla with 2 large lips; posticous emarginate ; anticous 3-lobed. Stamens 2 (with 2 rudiments); anthers 1-celled, mucronate at the base ; pollen subglobose, nearly smooth, stopples 3 large. Ovary and style glabrous; branches of the style 2, very small, equal; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule ellipsoid, 4-seeded, long-stalked; seeds without hairs, nearly smooth.—Leaves entire. Flowers purple, in short cymes; bracts and bracteoles scarcely } in. long, linear. Species 2, in East and South Africa, 1 extending to Arabia, In this genus the herbaceous petioles disarticulate, leaving small wooden cuplike scars. : Calyx 3 in. long, pubescent . . . . L, BR, speciosa, Calyx ;;—} in. long, nearly glabrous . . . . 2. R. fruticosa. i. R. speciosa, Hngl. Hochgebirgsft. Trop. Afr. 392. Shrub, 3-5 ft. high; branches glabrate. Leaves 34 by } in., narrowed at both ends, when mature nearly glabrous ; cystoliths many small on both surfaces ; petiole 0-} in. long. Cymes 1 in. long, often terminal on axillary, branches, minutely and densely hairy; bracteoles i in. long, often about the middle of the pedicel. Calyx 4 in. long, minutely pubescent. Corolla 1} in. long, nearly glabrous; tube 3 in. long, cylindric, widened Ruttya. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE), 175 upwards; lips curved. Filaments glabrous; anthers } in. long. Capsule 2 in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous; stalk 1 in. long, stout, solid.— Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 283, fig. 112, C. and 340. Haplanthera speciosa, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 72; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 308; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 152; T. Anders. in 3 ourn, Linn. Soe. vii. 51; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 43. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Samen; Debra Génnet, Steudner, 1538! on mountain sides along the banks of the Tacazze River, Schimper, 769! and without precise locality, Schimper, 1407! Plowden ! 2. R. fruticosa, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 45. Leaves 1-2 in. long. Calyx ;4,—} in. long, nearly glabrous. Corolla hardly 1 in. long ; otherwise as 2. speciosa.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 340, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 81; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398. Nile Land. Somaliland: Ahl Mountains, 5000-6500 ft., Hildebrandt, 893! Upper Shiekh, Gille¢t ! Sheikh Husein, Donaldson Smith ! 39 Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; at Lake Chala, Volkens, 3. Lindau says this species has the capsule 2-seeded, but the capsule is 4-seeded in the two fruiting examples at Berlin. 40. MONOTHECIUM, Hochst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1104. Calyx 5-fid to the base; segments equal, linear. Corolla small, 2-lipped; posticous lip emarginate; anticous 3-lobed. Stamens 2; anthers 1-celled, muticous; pollen globose with 3 stopples; longitudinal depressions narrow, not reaching the pole. Ovary and style-base hairy ; branches of style 2, equal, very short oblong; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule oblong, 4- (or 2-) seeded, lower part contracted ; seeds discoid, wrinkled, without hairs.—Small shrubs. Leaves entire. Spikes dense, many-flowered, terminal; bracts and bracteoles linear or bristle-like. Species 2, one of which extends to India. Mature leaves hairy on both surfaces ; bracteoles with gland-tipped hairs, . Mature leaves slightly hairy ; bracteoles without gland- tipped hairs . . . . . . . 2. M. aristatum, 1. M. glandulosum. 1. M. glandulosum, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 74. Hairy ; branches up to 18 in. long. Leaves 24 by 1 in., ovate or elliptic, narrowed at both ends, when mature hairy on both surfaces; cystoliths obscure ; petiole 0-1 in. long. Spikes up to 4 by } in., solitary, often interrupted at the base; outermost bracts (floral leaves) }-} in. long, lanceolate ; bracts and bracteoles 1 in. long, linear, hairy, and with many gland- “ipped hairs. Corolla (whole length) }-} in. Capsule } in. long, hairy, 4-seeded—Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 310; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 152; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 45; Solms- Laub. in 176 XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). | Monotheciwm. Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 112; Zarb, Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 392; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xviii. 63, t. 2, fig. 78, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 340. Rostellularia glandulosa, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 373; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 153. Hypoestes Volkensii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xix. Beibl. n. 47, 47, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. H. glandulosa, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 74. Nile Land. Eritrea: near Ginda, Schweinfurth & Riva, 2197! Abyssinia: Mount Sholoda, near Adowa, Schimper, 346! near Mai Dogale, Schimper, 617! Agow Dist., near Bellaka, 6000-7000 ft., Schimper, 193! 2274! and without precise locality, Schimper, 753! 1156! British East Africa: east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot, 8068! and on rocks at Lake Elmeteita, 6000-7000 ft., Scott- Elliot, 6627 ! Mozamb, Dist. Kilimanjaro, 3000-5000 ft., Volkens, 1580! 1607 ! 2. M. aristatum, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 234. Leaves when mature very sparsely hairy; cystoliths plentiful on the lower surface. Spikes 1-2} in. long, dense, often branched at the base ; outermost floral leaves linear or bristle-like ; bracts and bracteoles bristle-like, hairy, not viscid glandular; otherwise as M/. glandulosum. —Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 269; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 524; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 309; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 340. Justicia aristata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii, 315. Anthocometes aristatus, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 312. Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5155! 5197! 5198 ! Calomba, Welwitsch, 5134 ! Also found in South Madras and Ceylon. 41. OREACANTHUS, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. ii. 1104. Calyx small, divided to the base ; segments 5, equal, linear. Corolla small, 2-lipped; tube campanulate, hardly ;!, in. long; lips nearly fin. long, posticous subentire, anticous 3-lobed. Stamens 2; anthers long- exserted, 1-celled, muticous ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal smooth depressions. Ovary and style-base glabrous; branches of the style 2, minute, equal, oblong; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule oblong, 4-seeded, lower part contracted ; seeds discoid, wrinkled, without hairs.—Shrub, up to 12 ft. high. Leaves entire. Panicle terminal, compound, lax, many-flowered, viscid-hairy ; bracts very small, linear. Species 1, endemic. The pollen of this plant is figured by Lindau [in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 282, fig. 111, D, a bj as a typical example of “Guertel pollen.” It drawn there globose (or short-ellipsoid with transverse ribs), smooth with the patches round the stopples tubercular. I find the pollen definitely ellipsoid (not globose), with 2 longitudinal smooth depressions in which the stopples are placed. Ina word, the pollen is that of Justicia diffusa (and many other small Justicias) ; but the genus should be Duvernoia, Lindau, if we depend on pollen alone for the genus. Oreacanthus. | XCVIII. ACANTHACE (CLARKE). 177 1. O. Mannii, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 1104. Leaves up to 74 by 3 in., acuminate at either end, very slightly hairy, especially on the nerves beneath, margin obscurely crenulate ; cystoliths subconspicuous on both surfaces ; petiole 0-1 in. long. Panicle up to 11} by 7 in., with 100-200 flowers; bracts hardly } in. long, linear. Calyx } in. long. Corolla mauve or whitish. Capsule 3 in. long.— Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 345. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1259! 1971! 8000 tt., Johnston, 64! 65! Kalbreyer, 132! Preuss, 1078! 42. BRACHYSTEPHANUS, Nees; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. ii. 1105. Calyx 5-partite nearly to the base; segments equal, linear. Corolla slender, 2-lipped ; tube slender, hardly widened upwards ; lips subentire, or the posticous emarginate, the anticous very shortly 3-lobed. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous, exserted, about as long as the corolla-lips ; anthers 1-celled, muticous; pollen globose, echinate (stachelpollen), or more often nearly smooth with most minute points. Ovary and style glabrous ; stigma nearly capitate; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule small, oblong, shortly stalked, normally 4-seeded. Seeds rugose, without hairs.—Herbaceous (as noted) up to 5 feet. Leaves entire or nearly so. Spikes, or oblong panicles, with many flowers, terminal or axillary, more or less hairy; outer bracts (floral leaves) prominent, imbricate, or narrow, or (in panicles) small, linear; inner bracts (or bracteoles) small, linear, or 0. Species 8, viz. the 6 here described with 2 in Madagascar. In this genus, as Lindau hints, the pollen is 3-banded in B. longiflorus, Lindau ; in other species minutely echinulate, more obscurely banded (always with 3 stopples). Spikes elongate, close; floral leaves more or less imbricate. Floral leaves obovate or elliptic, glabrate Floral leaves narrow-oblong, ciliate . . . Panicle condensed, linear; flowers scarcely pedicelled. ; Floral leaves lanceolate . . . . 3 B. longiflorus. Floral leaves linear . . . . . . - 4 B. jaundensis. Flowers panicled; flowers pedicelled ; floral leaves and bracts minute. . B. africanus. B, Holstii. Ne Panicle lax ; sepals 4} in. long, glabrate . 5. B, occidentalis, Panicle cylindric; sepals 4 in. long, viscid-pubescent . 6. B. Mannit. 1. B. africanus, 8. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 31. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 64 by 2 in., tapering at both ends; cystoliths small, numerous on the lower surface ; petiole 4-2 in. long. Spikes up to 7 by } in, strobilate; floral leaves + by} In., obovate, acuminate, upper 1-flowered, lower with 3-2 perfect or imperfect Owers; bracteoles } in. long, linear-lanceolate. Sepals 6, subequal, 3-4 in, long, linear, with cystoliths, glabrous, or with a very few short- Stalked glands on the margin. Corolla-tube } in. long, linear; lips VOL. vy. N 178 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [Brachystephanus. 4-4 in. long, elliptic. Filaments } in. long, exserted; anthers jy in. long, glabrous; pollen globose, slightly 3-angled, most minutely echinu- late, with 3 stopples. Ovary oblong, glabrous; disc short; style of genus.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft., Whyte, 56! This plant illustrates the illusory nature of the distinction between bracteoles (vorblaetter) and bract (deckblatt). Ifa “bract” from the upper part of the spike be taken off, the 2 lateral green bracteoles are seen in their regular position ; but ifa lower floral leaf be taken off, a growth from one or both the bracteoles is seen, the bracteole is broader and indicates an approach in shape to that of the deckblatt, and may support a perfect flower. 2. B. Holstii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 53. Branchlets minutely pubescent. Leaves up to 4 by 2 in., narrowed at both ends, minutely pubescent beneath, at least on the midrib; petiole up to } in. long. Spikes 2} by 4 in., dense or interrupted, scarcely strobilate ; bracts 4 in. long, narrow-lanceolate, ciliate. Sepals } in. long, linear-oblong, ciliate. Corolla crimson; tube ? in. long; lips nearly } in. long, elliptic. Filaments 4 in. long, exserted; pollen globose, echinate. Pistil of the genus.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1V. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 7000 ft., Volkens, 838! Johnston, 1! Usambara; Magamba Mountain, Holst, 3811! This is allied to B. Lyallii, Nees, from Madagascar; but has a much shorter corolla-tube. 3. B. longiflorus, Lindaw in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 53, Stem 3 ft. high, minutely pubescent. Leaves up to 54 by 21 in., narrowed at both ends, minutely and sparsely bristly on both surfaces ; petiole }-1} 1». long. Panicles up to 3 by 3 in., of very dense contracted cymes, with many-celled hairs of which the alternate cells are thicker; floral leaves 2 by 3i5-$ in., narrow-lanceolate. Sepals exceeding } in. in length, linear-subulate, hairy as the bract. Corolla purple; tube 3-1 in. long ; lips 4 in. long, subentire. Anthers exserted } in.; pollen globose, slightly trigonous, 3-banded, smooth or very nearly so. Pistil of the genus. Capsule 4 in. long, 4-seeded.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Buea, 5500 ft., Preuss, 890! 846! Fernando Po, 3000 ft., Wann, 589! 4. B. jaundensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 125. Stem 2—5 ft. high, sparingly pubescent. Leaves up to 4 by 14 in., narrowed at both ends, puberulous or glabrate; cystoliths inconspicuous ; petiole up to $ in. long. Spike (condensed panicle) terminal or on a short axillary branch, 1-3 by 4 in.; bract and bracteoles } in. long, linea"; hispid-pubescent. Sepals } in. long, linear, hairy. Corolla light purple; tube 1-1} in. long, sparsely hairy without; lips 4 in. long, subentire. ew Brachystephanus.| XCVII1, ACANTHACE® (CLARKE). 179 Anthers }—} in. exserted ; pollen globose, slightly trigonous, obscurely 3-banded, minutely tubercled.—B. yaundensis, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B, 344. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker § Staudt, 312! Lolodorf, Staudt, 874! Efulen, Bates, 246, 5. B. occidentalis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 53. Stem 6 ft. high, nearly glabrous. Leaves 5} by 2} in., narrowed at both ends, when mature glabrate above, minutely hairy beneath; cystoliths many, small; petiole 4-1 in. long. Panicles 34 by 1} in. long, lax, minutely pubescent ; lower branches evolute into zigzag racemes; flowers solitary ; bract scarcely ,; in. long, linear. Sepals 4-1 in. long, linear, nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube ? in. long; lips } in. long, slightly notched. Pollen globose, strongly echinate. Pistil of the genus.— Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344. Lower Guinea. Isle of St. Thomas, 2000 ft., Mann, 1096! Quintas, 91! Welwitsch, 5208! Moller, 16! 6. B. (?) Mannii, C. 2B. Clarke. Stem 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 6} by 24 in., obovate-lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, nearly glabrous ; cystoliths scattered on the under surface and along the nerves on the upper surface; petiole up to ? in. long; main nerves subparallel, 10 on each side the midrib. Panicle terminal, 3 by % in., viscid-pubescent ; flowers solitary, the lower on short zigzag racemes; bracts } in. long, linear, Sepals 4 in. long and upwards, linear, viscid-pubescent. Corolla purple; tube 3 in. long, linear. Filaments 2, long exserted, glabrous ; pollen globose, most minutely tubercled. Pistil glabrous ; ovary oblong; stigma subcapitate; disc small. Lower Guinea, Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1666! Anthers not seen; hence the genus is not certain. 43. JUSTICIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f.Gen. Pl. ii. 1108. Calyx (small or medium) divided nearly to the base; segments 5 (or very rarely 4), linear or linear-lanceolate. Corolla 2-lipped, nearly always hairy without; tube not (or scarcely) longer than the limb; anticous lip 3-lobed; posticous lip entire or shortly 2-lobed ; palate often marked by spots or transverse wrinkles. Stamens 2; one anther-cell distinctly below the other, definitely tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 or 3 longitudinal smooth areas containing stopples, continued to the pole or not, with longitudinal rows of tubercles often reduced to granular patches or obsolete. Ovary with 2 (or 1) ovules in each cell ; style linear, usually more or less hairy in the lower half ; branches 2, minute, subequal. Capsule 4-seeded ; stalk solid, usually short, not slender ; placenta not rising from the base elastically ; seeds rough or tubercular, rarely hairy. In ./. heterocarpa, and a few allied species, ides the normal 4-seeded capsule there occur 1-seeded dimorphic, 180 XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [ Justicia, spinous-winged capsules.—Herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire or obscurely- wavy-crenate. Flowers small or medium-sized, purple-yellow or white, in spikes (strobilate or loose, or interrupted below), terminal or axillary, or in axillary clusters, or solitary, or in slender loose axillary spikes, or in panicles, or in reduced (often panicled) cymes; floral leaves broad, imbricated (as in strobilate spikes), or narrow, long, or small; bracts long elliptic, or narrow small, or 0. Species 200; throughout all warm regions. *Brtonica.—Spikes strobilate; floral leaves ovate, often somewhat 4-ranked. Sepals 5, except in 11. J. tenella. Pollen hardly tubercled. Floral leaves white reticulated with green or purple veins, Capsule hairy. (Species 1—7 are all one in the opinion of T. Anderson and of S. Moore.) Floral leaves reticulated with green veins. Petiole 4-3 in. long. : : . . . 1. J. Betonica. Petiole 0—;}, in. long. Leaves softly hairy beneath. Leaves up to 3 in. long . 2. J. betonicoides. Leaves 3-3 in. long 5. J. ruwenzoriensis. Leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves 24 in. long . . . 6. J, andongensis. Leaves 12 in. long . . . . . 4. J. trinervis. Leaves 3 in. long . . . 3. J. nilgherrensis. Floral leaves reticulated with purple veins . 7. J. versicolor. Floral leaves not white, reticulate-veined. Sepals 5. Leaves up to 7 in. long; floral leaves 2 in. long, white margined . . 8. J. Pseudorungia. Leaves up to 33 in. long; floral leaves 3-1 in. long. 9. J. paucinervia. Leaves up to 1 in. long, round . . . . 10. J. Emini. Sepals 4 ; floral leaves 4 in. long . . . . 11. J. tenella. **ROSTELLULABIA.—Flowers in terminal spikes, hardly strobilate, more or less interrupted at the base; floral leaves narrower than in subgenus Betonica, upper imbricated. Flowers 1-3 under each floral leaf, which becomes the “proper bract”? when there is only 1 flower under it. Sepals 5 (in a few species the posticous sepal much smaller than the others), not conspicuously white-margined. Floral leaves ovate or elliptic (see also 21. J. nyassana). [Species in this group of which the fruit is un- known may turn out to be of the genus Monechma, | Corolla 2 in. long or more. Flowers 3-2 under each floral leaf. . . 12. J. phyllostachys- Flowers 1 under each floral leaf (bract). Leaves acuminate ; ovary glabrous . . . 13. J. leta. Leaves subotuse; ovary shaggy. . . 14, J. simplicispica. Corolla 3—4 in. long. Leaves 5 in, in diam., very long petioled, cordate .15. J. fittonisides. | Leaves 2 in. long; floral leaves orbicular . . 16. J. mossambicensts. Justicia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACE (CLARKE). Leaves } in. long; floral leaves narrowly elliptic . Floral leaves linear-oblong or linear (small narrow- elliptic in 21, J. nyassana). Sepals ;4,—4 in. long, linear-lanceolate or linear. Capsule soft with many minute deflexed hairs. Spikes 2 in. broad. Bracts and bracteoles without linear yellow- hairy tips. Leaves ovate to elliptic. Sepals hispid, and also with minute moniliform hairs Sepals hispid, but with no moniliform hairs . . . . . Leaves lanceolate to linear Bracts and bracteoles with linear yellow-hairy tips . . Spikes } in. broad . Capsule (as ovary also) quite glabrous, Spikes continuous or nearly so. Petiole 0-4 in. Petiole 3] in, : Spikes more or less interrupted at the base. Spike linear-oblong, somewhat interrupted . Spike long-linear, much interrupted Sepals 3 in. long, conspicuously white-margined. Leaves subsessile ; corolla 3 in, . : . Leaves petioled ; ‘corolla lin. . : Sepals 4, subequal, small, with very small flowers : *““CALOPHANOIDES.—Flowers axillary, sessile, clustered or solitary ; uppermost clusters hardly confluent into a spike. tBranches herbaceous, internodes long. Leaves more or less hairy. Flowers mostly 4 or 2 in each cluster under one floral leaf with minute (or no) bracts, though solitary flowers also occur. All the capsules seen in this group normal, 4-seeded, exceeding j in. long. [Species 30-34 of this group, together with 37, may be treated as one (for which composite species T. Anderson devised the name J. neglecta) ; Oliver accepted this view, but kept 35, J. dys- choristeoides distinct. | Capsule glabrous; style-base usually hairy, and some- times tip of capsule slightly hairy. Sepal-tips lanceolate, or subobtuse shortly linear- tipped. Leaves dark green, lower long-petioled . . Leaves pale green, short-petioled . Sepal-tips linear, acute, hispid. Leaves 1-3 in, long. Sepals 3 in. long; corolla } in. long . Sepals 4 ij in, long ; corolla less than } in. long Sepals 4 in. long. Corolla $—-1 in. long, tube narrow . Corolla 4 in, long, tube broad 17. . 34, . 36. 181 J. baravensis. . J. flava. . J. palustris. . J, kirkiana. . J. nyassana, 2. J. linearispica. . J. longecalearata. . J. tanaensis. . J. aridicola. . J. stachytarphe- toides. . J, togoensis. . J. ulugurica. . J. diffusa, . J. insularis. . J. calcarata. . J. Galeopsis. . J. Lazarus. J. leikipiensis, J. pinguior. 182 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Justicia. Leaves $ in. long, very glabrous. . : . 35. J. dyschoristeoides, Capsule hairy. Leaves oblong, scabrid hairy . . . . . 87. J. sexangularis. Leaves lanceolate to linear, glabrate . . . » 38. J. filifolia. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, hairy . . . . 89. J. Whyte. +} Harnieria. — Branches herbaceous; internodes long. Leaves more or less hairy. Flowers several or one in a cluster. Capsules normal, 4-seeded; and also (often mixed therewith in the same cluster) abnormal, ovoid, subpyramidal, 1-seeded capsules, with strongly toothed wings.—N.B. In J. Mollugo, J. shebelensis, J. hetero- carpa, var. B, and in J. leptocarpa no .abnormal capsules have been seen, and the plants may prove to belong to groups t or ttf. Further, the typical dimorphic-fruited J. Melampyrum was esteemed by Oliver to be possibly only a seasonal form of J. insularis, T. Anders. in group f. Flowers 3 in. long at least. | Normal capsules more than + in. long. Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, base acute . . 40. J, Melampyrum. Lower leaves long-petioled, base rounded . AL. J. Lindau. Leaves } in. long, obovate, subsessile . : . 42. J. shebelensis. Flowers scarcely } in. long. Normal capsules less than t in. long. Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate. Flowers sessile. Sepals { in. long. Normal capsules 4} in. long . 48. J. heterocarpa. Sepals 3 in. long. Capsule } in. long . : . 44. J. leptocarpa. Lower leaves oblong-elliptic. Flowers subcymulose . 45. J. Mollugo. TttFlowers scattered, many solitary, or axillary on short pedicels ; but clusters of 3-1 flowers frequently occur. {These form a badly-limited group, placed with Gendarussa by T. Anderson and Bentham. I do not see any particular affinity between J. Gendarussa and J. odora (the “type” of the present group), but I have no great improvement in the arrangement to pro- pose. | Mature leaves glabrous; in J. Fischeri sometimes with a few bristles on the margins. [Corolla }-3 in. long. Capsule glabrous. ] Leaves linear; capsule 3 in. long . . . . 46. J. Lortee. Leaves ovate or oblong; capsule hardly 3 in. long. Leaves hardly 3 in. long; corolla purple. . 47. J. Phillipsia. Leaves exceeding } in. long; corolla (where known) yellow. Leaves obtuse. Nerves obscure . . . . . 48. J. odora. Nerves distinct . . : . . . 49. J. sansiharensis. Leaves apiculate . . . . 50. J. Fischert. Mature leaves (often minutely or thinly) hairy. Species of West Africa (leaves } in. long; corolla violet) . . . . . . . . 51. J. brevicaulis. Species of East Africa. Capsule glabrous. Leaves 4 in. long; corollat in, long . . 52. J. microphylla. —— Justicia. ] XCVII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 183 Leaves 1 in. long; corolla ? in. long . . 53, J. gesnerifolia. Capsule hairy. Leaves 1 in. long; corolla about $ in. long . 54. J. diclipteroides. Leaves }—§ in. long; corolla 3-3 in. long . 55. J. urbaniana, ***GENDARUSSA. — Panicle terminal, or the axillary cymes running into an elongate terminal quasi-panicle. Bracts linear, shorter than the calyx, inconspicuous ; floral leaves (if any) remote from the calyx, at the principal divisions of the panicle. [N.B. There is no essential difference between the inflorescence of « species such as J. cordata and that of subgenus Rostellularia ; the primary branches of the “ panicle ” carrying small clusters of flowers at their tops are altogether homologous with the lateral branches carry- ing short terminal spikes in Rostellularia; the tangible difference is that in the subgenus Gendarussa the bracts are narrow, uot longer than the calyx. ] Panicle linear, nearly continuous (a very glabrous shrub) . . . . . . : . 56. J. Gendarussa. Panicle more lax, with the lateral cymes more or less evolute. Flowers 1 in. long or more. Corolla very deeply 2-lipped. Ovary glabrous; leaves nearly glabrous. . 57, J. Rendle. Ovary and capsule hairy. Leaves up to 5 in. long, sparsely pubescent . 58, J. Preussiv. Leaves 14 in. long; pubescence brown- glandular . . . . . . 59. J. salviiflora, Leaves 2 in. long, minutely densely grey- hairy . . . 60. J. grisea. . Corolla-tube much longer than the lips . . . 61. J. beleroponoides. Flowers 3-3 in. long. Panicle branches divaricate or recurved; flowers solitary. Ovary and capsule glabrous. Panicle oblong; floral leaves often large, ovate 62. J. daxa. — Panicle linear ; floral leaves small, linear . 63. J. pyramidata, Ovary and capsule hairy . . . . . 64, SJ. extensa. Panicle branches oblique, erect, with a cluster of 3-1 flowers at the top. Branches and leaves glabrous. . . . 65. J. cordata. Branches and leaves hairy . : . . 66, J. piloso-cordata. Panicle branches of short 1-sided spikes; flowers a solitary . . . . . . . 67. J. masaiensis, Panicle compound; floral leaves 0 or minute ; flowers in small distant sessile clusters . . . 68, J. interrupta. Panicle compound with capillary branches; flowers solitary . . . . : . . 69. J. glabra. HE A . . . . . . SELLIA.—Spikes axillary, weak, unilateral, with few distant solitary flowers. Corolla small. Capsule small, ellipsoid, short-stalked, 4-seeded, very thin in texture ; seeds strongly rugose. These plants form a small, distinct, closely-allied group, and appear to me related to some American species of Dianthera (as D. ovata, 184 XCVIII. ACANTHACEZ (CLARKE). [ Justicia. Walt., Rhytiglossa humilis, Nees); but in Ansellia the tail of the lower anther is well developed, so that the group Ansellia cannot be united with Dianthera unless, with Lindau, the unmanageably long series of species of Justicia be increased by sinking Dianthera altogether in it. Lindau assigns these species of sect. Ansellia as ‘“‘typical’”? examples of his section Rostellaria (characterised by Lindau as having flowers in dense spikes), The sect. Ansellia, as intimated by T. Anderson, is possibly best dealt with by making it a separate genus. Spikes usually with more than 2 flowers, Corolla about } in. long. (These three species in the arrangement of Lindau are but one.) Nearly glabrous. Leaves oblong or linear. . 70. J. anselliana, Pilose. Leaves 2-3 in. long. . : . 71. J. matammensis. Pilose or pubescent. Leaves }-3 in. long . . 72. J. uncinulata. Corolla } in. long or nearly so . . : . 73. J. crassiradiz. Spikes 2-flowered; leaves subsessile, base truncate . . 74. J. Nuttic. 1. J. Betonica, Linn. Sp. Plant. 21. Shrubby, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3 by 14 in., ovate, acuminate, shortly acuminate at the base; petiole $3 in. long. Spikes 43 by ? in. long, strobilate; bracts some what 4-ranked, $ by } in., ovate, acute, white green-nerved ; bracteoles 4 by 4 in., similar to the bracts. Sepals 4 in. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla } in. long, white, rose-spotted. Filaments glabrous, dilated at the top; one anther-cell below the other, very long-tailed ; pollen ellipsoid with 2 stopples, the longitudinal band passing completely round the grain, with one row of patches on each side of each stopple. Pistil nearly glabrous. Capsule 4 by } in., retrorsely hairy, 4-seeded ; stalk } in. long, solid, stout; seeds rugose—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 58; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 525. Adhatoda Betonica, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 103, and in DC. Prod. xi. 385. Nicoteba Betonica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xviii. 56, 63, t. 2, fig. 56, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 370.—Rheede, Hort. Malabar. ii. t. 21. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone (ex Lindau), Lower Guinea. Angola and Damaraland (ex Lindau), Wile Land. Abyssinia: Kordofan, (ex Lindau), - Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Gorongoza, Carvalho ! No example that matches at all closely the ovate-leaved J. Betonica, Linn. (typ Rheede, Hort. Malab. ii. t. 21), has been seen by me from Africa except Carvalho’s ; and the above distribution is given on the authority of Lindau, who possibly {as T. Anderson) considered several of the succeeding species as mere varieties of J. Betonica. But Lindau admits Nicoteba nilgherrensis aud N, versicolor as species, This species also occurs in India and Malaya, 2, J. betonicoides, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 3 by }-% in., oblong oF lanceolate, hairy beneath and on the nerves above, subsessile. Style rather densely hairy; otherwise as J, Betonica. Justicia. | XOVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 185 Nile Land. British East Africa: Jur; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1423! Mittu, Schweinfurth, 2793! Bongo, Schweinfurth, 2543 ! along Gilgil River, north of Lake Naivasha, 6000-7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6647 ! Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte ! The plants here collected do not match exactly. In Scott-Elliot, 6647, the bracts are more than 5 in. long, very white scarious ; in Schweinfurth, 1423, the stems are very hairy, the bracts more than 3 in, long, mucronate; in other examples the bracts are }-4 in, long, green. 3. J. nilgherrensis, Wall. Cat. 2435. Small, procumbent, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3 by i in., lanceolate, sessile. Bracts 4 by } in., greenish-white, green-veined ; bracteoles } in. long, lanceolate. Fila- ments glabrous, except close to their point of attachment; otherwise as J. Betonica,—C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 526; 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 309, partly. Adhatoda nilgherrica, Nees in DC, Prod. xi. 386; Wight, Ic. t. 1544. Micoteba nilgherrensis, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Welwitsch, 5043 ! This specimen has acute leaves and Jaxer spikes than in the South Indian J. nilgherrensis. 4. J. trinervia, Vahl, Enum. i. 156. Small, procumbent, nearly glabrous. Leaves 14 by } in., oblong-elliptic, obtuse, sessile. Spikes 1} by } in., flexuose; bracts }-} in. long, ovate, acute, green-veined. Flowers rather smaller than those of J. Betonica.—C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 526. J. Betonica, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 510. Adhatoda trinervia, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 386. A, varie- gata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 385; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. il. 154; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 104. Nicoteba trinervia, Lindau in Engl. & Prant], Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329. Gendarussa varie- gua, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 385. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Sana; on dry hills near Dochli, Schimper, 516 ! Also in Southern India, 5. J. ruwenzoriensis, C. B. Clarke. Stems 8 in. long, with patent white hairs. Leaves 3-} in. in diam., ovate or round, softly hairy beneath; petiole hardly any. Spikes 2 by 4-} in.; bracts } in. Ong, ovate or obovate, scarcely acute, hairy, green-nerved. Corolla as of J, Betonica, but rather smaller. Filaments glabrous; pollen with 3 large stopples. Ovary hairy; lower part of the style very hairy ; otherwise as /. Betonica. Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Karagwe, on dry hills, 4000-5000 ft., Scott. Elliot, 3120! Possibly another variety of J. Betonica, 6. J. andongensis, (. 2. Clarke. Branches 18 in. long, with two hairy lines. Leaves 24 by # in, cuneate-triangular at either end, glabrous or minutely hairy on the nerves beneath ; petiole 0—), in. long. Spikes, flowers and bracts nearly as of J. Betonica, Linn, Fila- 186 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Justicia. ments glabrous; pollen with 3 stopples. Style hairy.—J. Betonica, S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 309, partly. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5111! Malange, Pogge, 301! Amboland, Schinz, 36! The leaves of this plant, which are subsessile with both ends nearly alike, do not agree with the Indian J. Betonica, But this may be a form of J. nilgherrensis (Welwitsch, 5043), as S. Moore took it to be. 7. J. versicolor, (. B. Clarke. Woody shrub; branches and innovations densely and minutely grey-hairy. Leaves 2} by } in, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, when mature nearly glabrous; petiole O—4 in. long. Spikes terminal, 3 by 1} in.; floral leaves } by } in., narrowly elliptic, obtuse, loosely imbricate, coloured, purplish-veined. Sepals 9, } in. long, equal, narrow-lanceolate, 3-nerved, minutely hairy. Corolla 3-1 in. long, pale-violet; tube very short; posticous lip subentire. One anther-cell below the other, spurred; pollen ellipsoid; stopples 3, bands reaching the poles, with rows of patches not of tubercles. Capsule nearly 1 in. long, densely shortly hairy, 4-seeded; stalk short, thick, solid; placente not rising elastically ; seeds irregularly tuberculate.— Nicoteba versicolor, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xxii. 118. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Welwitsch, 5049! Humpata, Newton, 417! No specimen at Kew. 8. J. Pseudorungia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 63. Under- shrub, 3 ft. high, very slightly hairy. Leaves up to 7 by 24 in., acuml nate at either end, margin wavy; petiole up to 1 in. long, but often 0 (the wing from leaf-base being elongate). Spikes 4 by 3 in., strobilate; bracts 2 by } in., with a white scarious margin; bracteoles 2 by } i+ similar. Sepals 5, {-} in. long, minutely hairy. Corolla 4 in. long; white; filaments glabrous; one anther-cell below the other, tailed; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples, and one row of circular patches on eac side of each stopple. Pistil glabrous. Capsule 4-4 in. long, glabrous, 4-seeded; seeds rugose; valves not rising elastically. — Lindau ane & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. / Ob, Wile Land. British East Africa: Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Mozamb, Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 982! German East Africa: Usambara; son Holst, 8801 ! Kilimanjaro, 7000 ft., Johnston, 164! Ulugura, Stuhlmann, 9037 ! _ 9. J. paucinervia, 7. Anders. MS. Stems simple, 8-12 in. long; innovations rusty with moniliform brown hairs. Leaves 3} by 1-2 in., oblong or ovate, narrowed at either end, nearly glabrous except the nerves; cystoliths numerous on both faces; petiole 4-1} in. long. Spikes terminal, 2 by } in., very loose, obscurely strobilate; bracts 4~ in. long; obovate, veined, fimbriate, almost lobed at the top, brow? ciliate, scarcely imbricate ; bracteoles 0. Sepals 5, scarcely 4 in. long; linear, hairy. Corolla } in. long. Filaments glabrous; one anther cell below the other, tailed; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal bands and Justicia] XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 187 stopples, no tubercles, Ovary nearly glabrous; style-base somewhat y- Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1672! _ The stem and leaves of this species are unlike those of any other Justicia, but simulate those of Distichocalyx angustifolia, D. polyneura, &e., which grow at the same place, 10. J. Emini, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 68. Hairy. Upper leaves 1 in. long, ovate, subsessile; lower 2-3 in. long, narrowed at the base into a petiole } in. long. Spike terminal, somewhat interrupted at the base; bracts round ; flowers solitary ; bracteoles very small. Sepals 5, equal, + in. long, linear, hairy. One anther-cell below the other, tailed ; stopples 2; one row of obscure patches on either side each stopple. Ovary glabrous; style-base hairy.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Nile Land. British East Africa: Mpororo; Ruhanda, Stuhlmann, 2086 ! The locality is quoted as Rubanga by Lindau, but this is clearly an error, as, according to Stuhlmann, Rubanga is the name of a Deity only. Lindau separates Nicoteba (ie. J. Betonica) from Justicia by the pollen only, which is said to be ‘ banded” in Wicoteba, “tubercled” in Justicia. The pollen is essentially the same in the two genera; but the longitudinal row of tubercles on either side the stopple in Justicia is “ obsolete ” or depressed into circular granular patches in Nicoteba. As to the present species, however, placed by Lindau in Justicia, the tubercles are not more strongly indicated than they are in many species of Nicoteba. 1]. J. tenella, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii.40. Slender, 4— 12 in. long, nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 1 by ? in., ovate, tip obtuse, triangular, base slightly decurrent ; petiole }—} in. long. Spikes }-1 by + in., very dense, strobilate. Peduncles 4-1} in. long, axillary, 2-6 together ; floral leaves somewhat 4-ranked, } in. in diam., nearly round; bract }~, in. long, lanceolate; bracteoles similar, rather smaller. Sepals 4, ;!, in. long, obtuse, minutely pubescent. Corolla $ in, long, bluish-white. Stamens 2; anther-cells ellipsoid, one below the other tailed ; pollen very small, ellipsoid, with 3 stopples and longitudinal bands reaching the poles, but no tubercles. Capsule § in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk ;/; in. long, solid ; placente not rising elastically ; seeds smooth, with very short hairs on all sides.—Lindau in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 147. Rostellaria tenella, Nees in DC. Prod. xi, 369 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 482. 2.crenulata, Nees in DC, Prod. xi. 369. R. parviflora, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481. Ztheilema rupestre, ees in DC. Prod. xi. 262. Micranthus rupestris, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 298. Rungia Baumannii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 120. Anisostachya tenella, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B, 329, fig. 132, E-G. Phaulopsis rupestris, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 2U li~iv, 305, Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 327! Sierra Leone: Lester Peak, Scott-Elliot, 3851! and without precise locality, Afzelius! Rattray! Togoland, 600 ft., Baumann, 221! Biittner, 185! Cameroons: Rio del Rey, Johnston ! Efulen, Bates, 272! Yaunde, Zenker, 299! 188 XCVIII. ACANTHACEH (CLARKE). [ Justicia. Lower Guinea. Princes Island, Barter, 1985! Island of St. Thomas, Don! “elwitsch, 5200! Moller! Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1690! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usaramo, Stuhlmann, 8695! Ulugurn, Stuhlmann, 8994 ! 12. J. phyllostachys, (’. B. Clarke. Hairy ; branches 2 ft. long, angular, dividing. Leaves up to 4 by 12 in., narrowed at both ends; petiole 14 in. long. Spikes up to 24 by 1 in., dense; floral leaves 3 by 4 in , acute (but the lower are often 1 in. long, approximating to ordi- nary leaves, so that the inflorescence appears leafy), with 3-1 flowers under each ; bracteoles 2, minute. Sepals 5, subequal, } in. long, linear- lanceolate. Corolla up to } in. long; tube linear-cylindric ; very little inflated upwards; lips scarcely } in. long, posticous oblong-elliptic, subentire. One anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and several rows of tubercles on the bands. Pistil glabrous except a few scattered hairs on the style. Capsule } in. long ; 4-seeded, glabrous; stalk solid, less than ;; in. long; placente not mising elastically ; surface of seeds irregularly corrugate. Lower Guinea. Angola: Cunene River, Johnston ! Mozamb,. Dist. Nyasaland; between Mpata and Tanganyika Platean, 2000- 3000 ft., Whyte! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte, 118! Mount Chiradzalu, 4000 ft., Whyte ! The Nyasaland plant is the type of this species; the plentiful material varies from scabrid to softly hairy. The Angola fragment is imperfect, and appears the same s0 far as it goes. The lower anther-cell is definitely tailed, but in one example only obscurely so, 13. J. leeta, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 311. Perennial, 3 ft. high, hairy. Leaves up to 5 by 1}in., elliptic-lanceolate, acute at either end; petiole 4 in. long. Spikes forming a terminal panicle, 1} by $2» or a compound panicle 3 by 2 in., continuous, rather lax ; bract 4-3 2. long, lanceolate from an elliptic base, minutely hairy ; bracteoles zm. long, similar to the bracts. Sepals 5, 4 in. long, linear or oblong-linear ; two anticous rather broader; posticous hardly smaller than the two adjacent, but sometimes wanting (fide S. Moore). Corolla 3 in. long; violet. One anther-cell below the other, tailed; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and single rows of tubercles. Pistil glabrous, except @ few minute hairs near the style-base. Fruit unknown.—J. malangamt Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 71, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5081! 5108 ! Malanges Buchner, 118! 14, J. simplicispica, (. B. Clarke. Stem 12-18 in. long, weak, hairy. Leaves 1—2 in. long, elliptic or oblong, obtuse at either ene hairy beneath, finally nearly glabrous. Petiole 0-} in. long. Spx? 14 by }-1 in., rather dense; bracts each containing one flower (true bracts) # in. long, tip broad-elliptic, lanceolate; bracteoles 2, 4 i. longs linear. Sepals 5, 4-4 in. long, linear ; posticous one distinctly shor Corolla 4-% in. long. Filaments glabrous; upper anther-cell shortly Justicia. | XVCIIU, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 189 tailed, lower with long tail, clavate, shortly 2-lobed at the tip; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally 3-banded without tubercles. Ovary shaggy. East Tropical Africa. Without locality, Scott-Elliot ! Capsule not seen, ‘This may be a Monechma, near M. depauperatum. 15. J. fittonioides, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1878, 134. Nearly stem- less, Leaves 5 by 4 in., round ellipsoid, white-blotched, glabrous, minutely pubescent on the nerves beneath, base cordate ; petiole 4~2 in. long. Peduncle axillary 2-44 in. long. Spike up to 2 by 3 in., inter- rupted ; floral leaves } in. long, ovate, with 1-4 flowers (a condensed cyme); bract to flower + in. long, linear-oblong. Sepals 5, } in. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla scarcely $ in. long. Filaments glabrous; one anther-cell much lower than the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 3 stopples, the longitudinal ribs obscure, not reaching the pole. Ovary minutely hairy; style-base thinly hairy. Capsule 3-3 in. long, glabrous or nearly so, 4-seeded ; stalk }~} in. long, solid, rather slender ; seeds rough ; placente not rising elastically.—Nicoteba fittonioides, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Nile Land. British East Africa: Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield / This is piaced in Betonica by S. Moore, and in Nécoteba by Lindau. The pollen is right for Nicoteba, but the “bracts” described by S. Moore are not homologous with the bracts of J. Betonica. 16. J. mossambicensis, Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Annual, 14 ft. high, pubescent. Leaves }? by 4 in., ovate, obtuse. Flowers 3-1, clustered in the axils of each floral leaf; floral leaves in spikes terminal and on very short axillary branches; proper floral leaves round, } in. in diam., imbricated, interspersed with oblong leaves $-} in. long ; calyx ily in. long. Corolla $-4 in. long. One anther-cell below the other strongly tailed. Ovary 4-ovulate (Lindaw).—Adhatoda mossumbicensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 217 Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique Isle, Peters! in Berlin erbarium, ; The example is young, and nearly all the spikes have been damaged by some lusect. The very small flowers point to sect, Harnieria, which the round bracts do Not suit, 17. J. baravensis, (. B. Clarke. Branches 2 ft. long, crooked, divided, nearly glabrous, with many cystoliths. Leaves b by 4 in, ovate, minutely scabrous, hairy, finally glabrate ; petiole 0-;/; in. long. pikes terminal up to 2 by $ in., more or less interrupted at the base ; pubescent, with many gland-tipped hairs ; middle floral leaves (even in fruit) loosely imbricate, } by ,!; in., narrow-elliptic, obtuse, with fia flowers ; bracteoles 2, } in. long, linear-obovate. Sepals 5, linear, ¢ in. long, hairy. Corolla (from fragments) } in. long. Capsule $ in. long, Sessile, 2-seeded, ellipsoid, with many detlexed hairs. Seeds compressed, black, ammonite-marked—i.e. resembling those of /. flava, but smaller. Nile Land. South Somaliland: Barava, Hildebrandt, 1809! No specimen at Kew. 190 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Justicia, 18. J. flava, Vahl, Symb. ii. 15, not of Kurz. Herb, 2-4 ft. high, hairy. Leaves up to 3} by 1} in. (usually smaller), ovate-lanceolate, hairy on both surfaces, shortly decurrent on the petiole ; petiole 0-3 in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-8 by ? in., continuous, or interrupted at the base, lower whorls sometimes distant and passing into axillary clusters; floral leaves 4—4 in. long, broad-lanceolate to linear-oblong, obtuse, con- taining 3-1 flowers, green, hairy; flower-bract nearly similar but smaller. Sepals 5, ;4-4 in. long, with long white hairs and also with very short moniliform hairs. Filaments glabrous; one anther-cell below the other, tailed; pollen ellipsoid with two stopples and a row of tubercles on each side of the stopple upon the longitudinal band, Ovary nearly glabrous except at the top; style hairy below, branches 2, very short, oblong, subequal. Capsule 4 by 4 in., 4-seeded, shortly and densely retrose-hairy ; stalk 4—} in. long, nearly as thick as the cap- sule; seeds globose, moderately compressed, yellow-brown, finally nearly black, marked by corrugations perpendicular to the margin (as in many Ammonites).—J. plicata, Vahl, Enum. i. 156; Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 11; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 39; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345; 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 310; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. J. fasciata, Drége, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 160, 195; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vil. 39; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. J. major, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 39; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 373; and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. (1896) 83. J. minor, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 39; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 392; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 411. J. palustris, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pf. Ost- Afr, C. 373 (including var. dispersa, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 72); not of T. Anders. J. suaveolens, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. J. fallar, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 74, and 12 Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. J/. Fruticulosa, Lindau 12 Engl. Jahrb. xx. 75, and partly in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. lv. 3. B. 349. Dianthera americana, a and f Forsk. Descr. Aigypt-- Arab. 9. D. flava, Vahl, Symb. i. 5. Tyloglossa major and 7’, minors Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 73. Adhatoda flava, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 401. A. plicata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 401; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 484. A. suaveolens, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 401. 4. major, Nees in DC. Prod. x1. 397; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 156. A. minor, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 400; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 156; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 103, 242; Zarb, Catal. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32. A. fasciata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 402. Upper Guinea. (iold Coast: Cape Coast Castle, Vogel! Togoland, Bittner, 218! 258! 286! 289! 397! 648! Kling, 188! 190! Baumann, 393! Lagos, Millen, 32! 37! Rowland! Niger Territory: by the River Quorra (Niger), Vogel, 167! Lower Niger; Onitsa, Barter, 619! 1779! Mile Land. Nubia: Hor Tamanib near Suakin, Lord! Erkowit Mountain Justicia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 191 near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 256! Eritrea: Aidereso, 4000 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 1445! Ginda, 3000 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 2128! Keren, Steudner, 1526! Habab, 6000 ft., Hildebrandt, 681! Abyssinia: Gondar, Boehm, 53! mountains near Gageros, 3500-6000 ft., Schimper, 172! 2296! Modat, Schimper, 1043! Tacazze River, 4000 ft., Schimper, 1251! and without precise locality, Schimper, 31! 429! 685! 1224! Somaliland: on the coast at Barava, Kirk! Galle Borani, Riva, 240! Daua River, Riva, 1192! Adda Galla, James § Thrupp! Darrar and Smith River, Donaldson Smith! and without precise locality, Miss Edith Cole! British East Africa: east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot, 8085 ! Uganda, Stuhlmann, 1367! Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 4005! Kavirondo; Samia, Scott-Elliot, 7082! Maungu Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston ! Taita; Ndara Mountain, 2000-3000 ft., Hildebrandt, 2451! Gregory! Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2714! 2717! Gregory! Sabaki River, Gregory! Duruma, Hildebrandt, 2334! Mombasa, Kirk! Hildebrandt, 1940! Scott-Elliot, 6120 ! 6125! Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, 5135! Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5074! 5097! Golungo Alto, 1000-2500 ft., Welwitsch, 5183! Huilla, Welwitsch, 5035! 5036! Antunes, 142! Ambriz, Monteiro! Malange, Buchner, 46! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 513! 440! Meyer, 61! 346! New! Johnston, 59! Usambara; Tanga, Volkens, 171! Rahe, Volkens, 2207 ! Mascheua, Holst, 8732! 8867! East Africa, Fischer, 87! Portuguese East Atrica: Mozambique, Predado, 23! British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000, Whyte ! The colour of the corolla is known to be yellow in J. plicata (the Upper Guinea plant), in the more ovate-leaved Angola plant, in the Abyssinia (Eritrea) plant, and in the Mozambique examples (including the Natal J. fasciata), The colour of the corolla is not known to me in J. major and J. minor (Abyssinia); but the type examples appear to me identical with the J. flava from Arabia and Eritrea (Schwein- Jurth), Species have been founded on the degree of denseness of the inflorescence, and the distance (4-2 in.) by which the lowest whorl of 6 (or fewer) flowers stands apart from the next upper whorl. S. Moore says that ‘ in this species there is considerable diversity in the size and number of seeds on the same specimen”; and Lindau refers J, major to sect, Monechma, J. plicata to sect. Rostellaria. J remark on these views that J. major and J, plicata look to me identical, and that the seeds are most uniform in all the examples cited here. The most striking aberrations from the typical J, flava among the material above brought together are: (1) Hildebrandt, 1940, from Mombasa (and several similar examples from the same neighbourhood), published by Lindau as J, palustris, var. dispersa: this has ovate leaves, 1 by 2 in. The indumentum of the calyx is that of J. flava (not of J. palustris), (2) Welwitsch, 5035, 5097, from Angola (and other examples from the same locality), published by S. Moore as J. plicata, var.; this has ovate leaves, but is rather larger than Hildebrandt, 1940. _ (3) Rowland’s Lagos plant, which has floral leaves up to ¢ in. long, spikes dense (in one case going off into a close compound panicle). ; (4) Schweinfurth, 256, from Monnt Erkowit, near Suakin, a small plant with small leaves, and the spike much interrupted below (with, in fact, axillary clusters of flowers), ‘This may be a separable species ; but the fruit and seeds, the flower and calyx-indumentum, are as in J. flava, 19. J. palustris, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 38, Leaves up to 6} by 1} in., oblong, tapering at either end ; petiole very short. Sepals hispid, without minute moniliform hairs ; otherwise as J. flava.—Zarb, Catal. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 192 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Justicia. 3 B. 279, fig. 108, E, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. (1896) 82. Tyloglossa palustris and JT. acuminata, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 72, 73. Adhatoda palustris, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 402; A. Rich. Tent. Fi. Abyss. ii. 157; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 103. 4. acu- minata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 400; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 156. Gendarussa palustris, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 72. Wile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy, 61! 80! Gallabat, Schweinfurth, 74! Abyssinia: near Gafta, Schimper, 1211! near Goelleb, Schimper, 1389! 2156! Somaliland, Keller, 194! 195! 180! This species is here separated from J. flava solely by the indumentum of the calyx, Several examples determined by Oliver and Lindau as J. palustris have been cited accordingly under J. flava, ‘The Somali example called J. palustris by Lindau (Riva, 1156) has not been seen; Keller, 194, is smaller and greyer than J. palustris, and is named J. suaveolens by Lindau. 20. J. kirkiana, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 39. Leaves 13 by } in., lanceolate, or (in one example) 44 by 4 in., linear, otherwise as J. flava.—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. J. fasciata, Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Duga, Holst, 3216! Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Lupata, Kirk ! Shiramba, Kirk ! and Tete Hill, Kirk! Lake Nyasa, Simons ! The example of Holst, marked by Lindau J, fasciata, Nees (i.e. for me J. flava), matches very well one of the type examples of J. kirkiana. That is to say, the present species might be an extreme form of J. flava, but the flowers appear, when dried, white with purple marks, and were noted by Holst as “ white purple-stained.” 21. J. nyassana, Lindaw in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 66. Floral leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, very acute; bracts and bracteoles with linear yellow-hairy tips. Corolla 4-4 in. long. Capsule }-4 in. long, otherwise as J. flava.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usaramo, Stuhlmann, 6875! Ukami; Mrogoro, Stuhlinann, 8220! Usambara, Holst, 485 ! British East Africa : Nyasaland ; Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte! Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Whyte, 40! Buchanan, 290 ! Capsule 4-seeded, but Lindau puts the species in sect. Monechma. 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D. Hooxur, G.C.S.1., C.B., F.R.S. *,” Re-issue of the Third Series, in Monthly Vols., 42s.; to Subscribers for the entire Series, 36s. each. 54 vols. of the Third Series completed. _ LOVELL REEVE & CO., Lav., 6 Henzierra Srreet, Covent GARDEN. WVol. V.—Part II. Prick’ he. tet, FLORA 7 TROPICAL AFRICA. SIR WILLIAM T. THISELTON-DYER K.C.M.G., C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S. HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE FIRST COMMISSIONER OF HER MAJESTY’S WORKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. LONDON: LOVELL REEVE & CO., LimiTED, Bubdlishers to the Home, Colonial and Endian Gobderuments. ja 6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. / 1900. Justicia. | XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 193 Mozamb. Dist. British East Africa: Stevenson Road, between Lake Nyasa and Lake Tanganyika, Scoft-I/lliot, 8267 ! This species is manifestly close to J. stachytarphetoides ; the inflorescence and flowers are very similar though smaller; the leaves are diverse. 23. J. longecalcarata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 73, Innova- tions dense with yellow strigose hairs. Leaves 3 by } in., glabrate except for obscure hairs on the midrib beneath; petiole } in. long. Spikes }—? in. long, hairy; bracts and bracteoles linear-oblong, obtuse. Calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil nearly as of J. flava. Capsule } in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Nile Land. British East Africa: Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2721! South of Lake Baringo at Nyemps, Gregory ! Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Volkens, 1764! 2184! and on the plain between Upper Pangani River and Himo River, south-east of Kilimanjaro, 2200-2600 ft., Volkens, 563! In Volkens, 2184, the entire spikes are hardly 3 in. long; the fine examples of Gregory have inflorescences up to 9 in. long; the lowest whorl of flowers 2} in. distant. 24. J. tanaensis, (. B. Clarke. Branches 2 ft. long, glabrate, full of cystoliths ; innovations with strigose hairs. Leaves 34 by 1} in., narrowed at both ends, nearly glabrate, full of cystoliths ; petiole }—1 in. long ; upper leaves smaller, passing gradually into floral leaves, 1° *}in. Spikes terminal, interrupted, nearly glabrous; flowers 3-1 in each floral leaf-axil. Sepals 5, } in. long and upwards, linear-oblong, white- margined, slightly scabrous. Corolla } in. long or rather more, bluish (7. homas), hairy without. One anther-cell below the other, long-tailed. Capsule 4 in. long, rather stout, 4-seeded, glabrous. Nile Land. British East Africa: Tana River, Thomas, 38! The smooth capsule brings this next J. longecalcarata. The long-petioled green leaves do not match. 25. J. aridicola, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 410. Woody ; branches grey-tomentose. Leaves 3 by }—} in., elliptic to round, grey- tomentose or finally nearly glabrate ; petiole 0-} in. long. Spike 24 by + in., with 6 whorls, lower approximate, topmost, hardly confluent ; oral leaves 1—1 in. long, linear, somewhat obovate, with 3-1 flowers. Sepals 5, } in. long, linear, subequal, pubescent. Corolla 4-3 in. long. One anther-cell below the other, long-tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 bands and stopples, a row of tubercles on either side of the stopple. Style with very few scattered hairs. Capsule } in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk ji in. long, solid ; placente not rising elastically ; seeds tubercled, much as in J/. flava. Nile Land. Somaliland: Adda Galla, James § Thrupp ! Hammar, Miss Edith Cole ! Darar, Donaldson Smith ! VOL. vy, ° 194 XCVIII. ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). [ Justicia. 26. J. stachytarphetoides, C. B. Clarke. Hairy, 3-8 ft. high. Leaves 44 by 2 in., broad-elliptic, acuminate at either end; petiole 3-1 in. long. Spikes 8-13 by } in.; lowest whorls 1 in. apart, upper confluent, 3—1-flowered ; outermost bract (floral leaf) } in. long, elliptic, acute; bract and bracteoles (or sterile bracts?) } in. long, lanceolate, hairy. Sepals 5, 1 in. long, subequal, linear. Corolla $ in. long. One anther-cell lower than the other, oblique, long-tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal bands, large stopples, no tubercles. Young pistil glabrous.— Duvernoia stachytarphetoides, Lindau in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 372, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 339. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Umba River Valley, Smith! Usaramo, Stuhlmann, 8121! Portuguese East Africa: Beira, Schlechter ! Lower Zambesi 5 Shupanga, Kirk / Scott! The capsule has not been seen, and possibly may be densely minutely hairy, though the young pistil is glabrous under the microscope, It is difficult to form genera that are “natural” in the Order Acanthacee, but it is surely too un- natural to place this species under Duvernoia, Lindau appears to have done this on one character only—viz., that the lines of tubercles often seen on the smooth bands of the pollen in Justicia are here not actual tubercles, but obscurely indicated by markings (as is the case in some species placed by Lindau in Justicia). 27. J. togoensis, Lindaw in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 72. Small herb. Leaves 14 by ? in., elliptic, hairy, subsessile. Inflorescence terminal, 2 in. long, dense ; bracts 3 by j4; in., very hispid; bracteoles 3 in. long, linear. Sepals 2 in. long, linear-oblong, white-edged, hispid. Corolla 2 in. long. Lower anther-cell tailed.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Upper Guinea. Togoland, Biittner, 222! The example is young, the spike not grown out; the affinity is perhaps with J. flava, as Lindau suggests. 28. J. ulugurica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 126. Branches woody. Leaves 1 by $ in., ovate, acute, glabrous. Spikes terminal, loose, short; bracts } in. long, lanceolate; bracteoles minute. Sepals 3 in. long, subulate, glandular, hairy. Corolla green or light violet ; tube } in. long and more; limb } in. long. Lower anther-cell tailed. Fruit wanting. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Ukami; Uluguru, StuAlmann, 8866 ' 29. J. diffusa, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 87. Stems 8-24 in. long, week, hairy. Leaves 1} by 4-3 in., elliptic or ovate, narrowed at either end, sparsely hairy; petiole 0-3 in. long. Spikes 1-14 by }-} in., sparsely hairy ; bracts } in. long, narrow-lanceolate, green with scarious margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but smaller. Sepals 4,4 in. long; narrow-lanceolate. Corolla } in. long, purple or rose. Filaments glabrous ; one anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal bands, not tubercled. Ovary nearly glabrous; style thinly hairy, branches 2, subequal, minute. Capsule $ in. long, Justicia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). 195 4-seeded, minutely hairy (at least on the top and sutures) ; seeds with simple tubercles all over.—T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 512; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 538, J. procumbens, Linn. FI. Zeyl. 7, at least in part; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 40; Engl. Hochgebirgsf. Trop. Afr. 393. J. simplex, Lindau in Engl. «& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B, 349. Rostellularia diffusa, Neesin Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 100, and in DC. Prod. xi. 371. R. abyssinica, Nees in DC. Prod. xi, 372; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 153. Barleria pumila, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 372. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre; lower part of Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 21! on mountains near Axum, Schimper, 1524! and without precise locality, Schimper, 639! Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 285! All this African material is alike, but in matching it against the numerous sub- species of J. procumbens found in India, different views have been taken, some uniting it with J. simpler, D, Don. 30. J. insularis, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 40. Herba- ceous; branches 3 ft. long, straggling, angular, more or less hispid; lower nodes distant, often flower-bearing. Leaves up to 3} by ?-1in., narrowed at either end, slightly hairy on both surfaces or glabrate ; petiole }-1 in. long. Flowers 3-1 in each axil, sessile; floral leaves }-4 in. long, round or obovate, some narrower often added. Sepals 5, subequal, 4 in. long, broad-lanceolate or subovate, scarcely acute, sparsely hispid. Corolla exceeding } in. in length, purple; tube very little dilated at the top ; anticous lobe much longer than the posticous 2-fid lobe. Filaments glabrous ; one anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples, longitudinally banded, with several rows of tubercles on the band. Ovary glabrous; style base hairy. Capsule exceeding 4 in. long, glabrous, 4-seeded, with a short thick solid stalk 7 seeds reticu- late rugose.—Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 373, partly. J. rostellarioides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 69, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. J. karschiana, Biittner in Verhandl, Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxii. 1890, 40. Adhatoda diffusa, Benth. in Hook. Niger FI. 483. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Lagos, Rowland ! Yoruba, Millson, 40! Togoland, Kling, 187! Biittner, 110! 187! 228! Cameroons: Rio del Rey, Johnston ! Staudt, 83! 469! Yaunde, Zenker, 564! 612! Zenker df Staudt, 343! Batanga, Bates, 41! Fernando Po, Vogel! Mann, 168! Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyauz, 296! Bittner, 463! Angola: San Salvador, Bittner, 457! Soyaux, 296, is identical with Vogel’s Fernando Po plant. Vogel’s specimen at Kew is noted on the herbarium sheet “dimorphic fruit,” which is very likely to be the case ; but I can find no dimorphic fruit on any of the West African species of this group. It is possible that the herbarium note was grounded on J, Lindaui, which ‘Sextremely like J. insularis, but has linear very acute sepals. 31. J. calearata, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 73, in obs. Rootstock Woody, oblique. Branches 2 ft. long, weak, with soft spreading hairs in Places. Leaves up to 8 by 1 in., tapering at either end, with scattered 196 XCVIII. ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Justicia. hairs on both surfaces or glabrous except the midrib beneath ; petiole 0-} in. long. Flowers 3-1 in each axil, sessile, floral leaves {—-} in. long, ovate or elliptic, some narrower oblong often added. Sepals 4, subequal, 4-} in. long, broadly lanceolate or linear-obovate, scarcely acute, glabrous or very minutely hispid. Corolla exceeding } in. in length, purple; tube very little dilated at the top; anticous lobe distinctly longer than the posticous 2-fid lobe. Filaments glabrous ; one anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples, longitudinally banded, with several rows of tubercles on the band. Ovary glabrous; style-base hairy. Capsule } in. long, glabrous, 4-seeded, with a short thick solid stalk ; seeds reticulate rugose.—/. neglecta, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 40 (Abyssinian plant only); Zarb, Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund. 32; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 393 (Abyssinian plant only). J. Rostellaria, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 373, in small part, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi., 1896, 82. Tyloglossa Schimper, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 73. Adhatoda Rostellaria, Nees in DC. Prod. xi, 397; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 103, 242 ; Zarb, Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 32. Rostellaria Schimperi, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 73 in obs. Nile Land. Kordofan, Pfund, 39! 432! Eritrea: Marakhat Valley, Saganeitl, 7000 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 1708! Gallabat, Schweinfurth, 75! 76! Abyssinia: near Adowa, Schimper, 106! 1101! Steudner, 1522! Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 294. and without precise locality, Schimper, 964! Plowden! British East Africa: Bongo; Gurfala, Schweinfurth, 2241! This species should perhaps be united with J. insularis, from which it hardly differs except by its green (not dark) colour, T. Anderson united it with J. Galeopsis, which has a different calyx. The sheet in Kew Herbarium, with Hochstetter s printed ticket, “‘ Tyloglossa rostrata, Schimper, 1657 and 1659,” is marked Adhatoda Rostellaria, 8 humilis, Nees, and contains Justicia calearata and Asystasia Schimper, mixed. As to the specific name to be selected, J. calcarata, Hochst., represents the plant here described, while J. neglecta, T. Anders. (still more J. Rostellaria, Lindau) represents an agglomeration of plants here separated. 32. J. Galeopsis, 7. Anders. MS. Petioles shorter than J. insularis, the leavesbeing mostly oblong, subsessile. Sepals 4 in. long and upwards, linear, very subulate upwards; otherwise as J. insularis. —dJ. neglecta, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 40, partly. Adhatoda Kotschyt, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 483. Upper Guinea. Upper Senegal, Zécard, 145! Gambia, Skues! Sierra Leone: Sugarloaf Mountain, Scott-Elliot, 3974! Regent, Scott-Elliot, 4149! and without precise locality, Afzelius! Forster! Don! Winwood Reade! Dahomey, Burton Lagos: Abbeokuta, Irving, 65! on the road to Akokulu, Millen, 61! and ree precise locality, Rowland! Millen, 169! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 1038 - Cameroons, 700 ft., Passarge, 19a! 214! 27a! 88a! 71a! Nile Land. Jur, Schweinfurth, 1744! This species differs from J, insularis, T. Anders., in the long subulate tips to the sepals. Millen, 169, has very thick stems, 4 in, in diam., and glabrous succulent loaves and may be specifically separable. Millen, 61, excellently dried, has full purple-r 7 flowers, while there is on it the collection note of Millen (doubtless correct), “ yellow. Justicia. | XCVIII. ACANTHACEA (CLARKE). 197 33. J. Lazarus, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 313. Sparingly pubescent or glabrate. Leaves 1-2 in. long, ovate or elliptic, upper often narrower, oblong; petiole 0-} in. long. Sepals } in. long, linear- subulate, pubescent. Corolla } in. long, or less, otherwise resembling J. Galeopsis.—J. insularis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 341; Lindau in Engl. Pfl, Ost-Afr. C, 373. ./. thomeensis, Lindau in Eng). Jahrb. xxii. 126; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto, 1000-2400 ft., Welwitsch, 5117! 5143! 5211! Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5093! Huilla, Welwitsch, 5051! 5058! Antunes ! Islands of St. Thomas, De Louza! This is very like J. Melampyrum, S. Moore, but has the capsule glabrous, 34. J. leikipiensis, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 137. Stems angular, glabrous or patently hispid. Lower leaves 2 by 4 in., lanceo- late or ovate-lanceolate, upper linear 14 by }-} in., subsessile. Sepals 4-4 in. long, linear-subulate, minutely pubescent. Corolla 3-1 in. long; tube narrow, only slightly funnel-shaped upwards; otherwise as J. Galeopsis—Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. J. neglecta, Oliv. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxix. 129. Justicia, sp. n. 6, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Nile Land. Eritrea; Habab, Schweinfurth, 459! Abyssinia: Sokota, Roh/fs § Stecker! Aman Eske, 7000 ft., Schimper, 418! British East Africa: Unyoro, Speke § Grant ! Uganda, Wilson, 91! Lykipia, Gregory ! 35. J. dyschoristeoides, (. 2. Clarke. Stems trailing, with many erect branches, Leaves } by } in., obtuse, very glabrous. Sepals in. long, lanceolate, scarious, thinly hispid, minutely red-dotted. Corolla } in. long. Capsule slightly exceeding } in. in length, glabrous ; otherwise as J. calcaratu.— Justicia, sp. aff. J. neglecte, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345. Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 4000-6500 ft., Johnston. This plant bears a remarkable general likeness to Dyschoriste radicans ; the habit, stems, leaves, inflorescence, general size of flowers and erect fruits, might deceive any collector in the field. 36. -J. pinguior, C. B. Clarke. Stout, hairy. Leaves 24 by 1 in., ovate, hairy on both surfaces; petioles less than } in. long. Flowers 3-1, sometimes more, in dense axillary clusters; floral leaves’ 4-2 in, long, ovate; proper flower-bracts 0 or minute. Sepals 4-4 in. long, linear, hispid. Corolla 3-2 in. long, purple, broad. One antber-cell wholly below the other, tailed ; pollen long-ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and several rows of tubercles on each side of them. Ovary glabrous ; style base hispid; dise unusually large, cup-shaped. Capsule 4 in. tong, glabrous ; stalk very short ; seeds 4-tubercled. _ Nile Land, British East Africa: Lykipia, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson ! Ruwenzor ; Toru Dist., Kivata, 8300 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7656 ! This species differs much from all the preceding, and should perhaps be removed to another part of the genus. 198 XCVIII, ACANTHACEE (CLARKE). [ Justicia. 37. J. sexangularis, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Stems 20 in., branched, 6-angular, scabrid-hairy. Leaves up to 2 by } in., oblong, subobtuse, minutely and sparsely scabrid, hairy, subsessile. Flowers 3-1 in an axil (no terminal spike); floral leaves oblong. Sepals } in. long, linear, subobtuse, microscopically scabrid-hairy. Corolla } in.long, purple. Capsule 4-4 in. long, narrow- ellipsoid, slightly hairy near the top; stalk very short ; seeds 4. densely tubercled.—J. palustris, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. 38, partly. Tyloglossa Kotschyi, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 74. =~ ”, Negundo, = ~ 7, V. Buchanani. ”, thyrsiflora. ~ =~ 9. V. Vogelit. . 10. V. gomphophylla. . 11. V. syringefolia. _ 12. V. simplicifolia. 316 CI. VERBENACEE (BAKER). +} Leaves usually 3-foliolate. End-leaflet ovate, Leaflets small, Pubescence grey Pubescence pale brown . Leaflets 2-3 in. long End-leaflet oblong. Cymes lax Cymes dense. Leaflets sessile. Calyx-teeth minute Calyx-teeth not minute Leaflets stalked End-leaflet obovate-cuneate. Calyx-teeth distinct, Leaves glabrous beneath Leaves pubescent beneath. Leaves coriaceous Leaves not coriaceous Calyx-teeth minute. Upper leaves simple in part. Leaves finely pubescent beneath Leaves densely matted beneath . Upper leaves 3-foliolate. Leaves glabrous beneath Leaves slightly pubescent beneath Leaves densely pubescent beneath +7 Leaves usually 5-foliolate. Leaflets not distinctly stalked. Leaves glabrous beneath. Leaflets small Leaflets very large Leaves pubescent beneath. Leaves thinly pubescent beneath. Pubescence brown Pubescence grey. Leaflets small Leaflets medium-sized. Leaflets acute Leaflets obtuse . Leaflets large . Leaves densely matted beneath, Pubescence whitish, woolly Pubescence grey, not woolly. Leaflets small Leaflets medium-sized Leaflets distinctly stalked. SLeaves glabrous beneath. Leaflets toothed, Leaflets 3-4 in. long Leaflets 6-8 in, long Leatlets entire. Leaves not coriaceous. Leaflets 2-3 in. long 4 lin. long at flowering. [ Vitex. . V. petersiana, V. tettensis, . V. dentata. V. Kirkit. . V. polyantha. . V. flavescens. . V. tangensis. V. madiensis, 21. Vz. Schweinfurthi. ~ ” zambesiaca. . V. holocalyz. V. diversifolia. . V. doniana. V. barbata, . V. Camporum. V. micrantha. . V. grandifolia, V. ferruginea. . V. angolensis. 2. V. grisea. . V. chrysocarp4. . V. esculifolia, . wv. Hildebrandtii. V. Mombasse@. . V. shirensis. 38. V. Carvalhi. 5. V. orycuspts. . FY oligantha, Vitex. | CI. VERBENACEE (BAKER). 317 Leaflets 5-7 in, long . . . 41. Vi Dewevrei. Leaflets 8-9 in. long. . . . 42. V. gabunensis, — Leaves coriaceous, Leaflets small . . . . . 43. V. divaricata, Leaflets large. Calyx ferrugineo-tomentose . . 44, V. lundensis. Calyx finely pubescent. Calyx teeth obscure . . . 45. V. pachyphylla, Calyx teeth small, distinct. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx . 46. I”, cuneata. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx 47. V7. Cienkowskii, Calyx teeth half aslongas the tube . 48. I”. Poggei. §$Leaves more or less pubescent beneath. Leaves bearded in the axils of the veins beneath 49. I”. mossambicensis, Leaves finely pubescent beneath. Leaflets medium-sized. Leaflets very acuminate. Stalk of leaflets short . . . 50. V. Welwitschii, Stalk of leaflets long . . . . 51. V. amboniensis, Leaflets acute . . . . . 52. V. andongensis, Leaflets subacute . . . . . 53. V. levigata, Leaflets obtuse. . . . . 54. V. puberula, Leaflets large. Flower-calyx 15 in. long . . . 55. V. golungensis. Flower-calyx + in. long . . . . 56. V. milanjiensis. §$$Leaves densely hairy beneath. Pubescence of leaf grey . . . . 57. Vi, Fischeri. Pubescence of leaf ferruginous . . . 58. V. Buchneri. 1. V. chrysoclada, Bojer; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 694. A shrub about a yard high; branchlets densely clothed with short stiff drab or brown hairs. Leaves simple, shortly petioled, oblong or obovate- oblong, acute or cuspidate, entire or crenate, 2-3 in. long. thinty pubes- cent above, densely pubescent beneath, with raised brown main veins. Cymes forming a short dense terminal panicle; branchlets densely pubescent ;_ bracts large, linear, villous. Flower-calyx campanulate, pubescent, jz In. long; teeth minute. Corolla pubescent, twice as long as the calyx. Drupe the size of a pea.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. Nile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa Island, Bojer! Ribe, Wakefield ! Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Usaramo ; Bagamoyo, Kirk ! Dar-es- salaam, Hildebrandt, 11674! Usambara; Tanga, Holst, 2178! Volkens, 160! Amboni, Holst, 2570! Kilimaujaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! 2, V. sulphurea, Baker. A shrub or small tree ; branchlets pubes- cent. Leaves simple, opposite, distinctly petioled, oblong or obovate- oblong, entire, acute, moderately firm, green and finely pubescent on the main ribs on both sides when mature, 3-5 in.long. Cymes forming an ample lax thyrsoid terminal panicle; branches densely clothed with short stiff drab pubescence; bracts lanceolate. Flower-calyx campanu- 318 CI. VERBENACEH (BAKER). [ Vitea. late, densely pubescent, ;1, in. long; teeth distinct, ovate. Corolla sulphur-yellow, 4 in. long. Fruit the size of a small pea. Lower Guinea. Angola: in the provinces of Pungo Andongo and Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5663! 5677 ! 5735! 5736! 3. V. Strickeri, Vatke & Hildebr. in Linnea, xliii. 532. A shrub 5-6 ft. high ; branchlets densely clothed with short brown pubescence. Leaves trifoliolate, subcoriaceous, scabrous above, densely pubes- cent with raised main veins beneath; leaflets ovate, acute, 14-2 in. long, entire or slightly toothed, end one shortly petioled; main petiole densely pubescent, 1 in. long. Cymes forming a thyrsoid terminal panicle 2—4 in. long; branches very pubescent ; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, minutely toothed, ;/; in. long at flowering. Corolla pubescent, twice as long as the calyx. Drupe yellow, glossy, glabrous, the size of a pea. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usaramo ; Dar-es-Salaam, Hildebrandt, Bagamoyo, Kirk ! Mile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Wakefield ! 4, V. zanzibarensis, Vatke in Linnea, xliii. 533. A shrub 4-5 yards high; branchlets shortly pubescent. Leaves 3-5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous on both surfaces; leaflets 3-9, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, narrowed to the base, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad at the middle; petiole 14-2 in. long. Cymes laxly disposed on the branches of an ample panicle ; branchlets clothed with short whitish pubescence; bracts lanceolate, minute. Calyx campanulate, 'y in. long and broad at flowering, canescent ; teeth 5, minute. Corolla lilac, densely pubescent, } in. long; tube funnel- shaped ; lobes very small. Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Bagamoyo, Hildebrandt, 1303! d. V. Volkensii, Giirke in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 339. A tree; branchlets clothed with yellowish hairs. Leaves with a long petiole, 5-foliolate ; leaflets subsessile, oblong, acute, entire, moderately firm, slightly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath ; central one 3-4 in. long. Cymes forming an ample terminal thyrsoid panicle ; branches densely pubescent ; pedicels short. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, qs-iz in. long; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla-tube pubescent, twice as long as the calyx ; lobes small, orbicular. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Usambara ; Nderema, Volkens, 132! 6. V. Negundo, Linn.; Schawer in DC. Prod. xi. 684. A shrub or small tree; branchlets coated with white tomentum. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous above when mature, coated with thin persistent whitish tomentum beneath; leaflets 9, oblong-lanceolate, entire, acute, rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad, the three upper long-petioled; main petiole 14-2 in. long. -_ Vitex. | CI, VERBENACEE (BAKER), 319 Cymes forming a dense terminal panicle, with white branchlets; bracts lanceolate, minute. Flower-calyx campanulate, canescent, 5}, in. long and broad ; teeth very minute. Corolla lavender-blue, 3-4 in. long. Drupe the size of a small pea.—Vatke in Linnea, xliii. 533 ; Wight, [c. t. 519; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 583. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usaramo; Dar-es-salaam, Hildebrandt, 1254! Also in Tropical Asia and Madagascar. 7. V. Buchanani, Baker in Buchanan, Nyasaland plants, 1891, 15 (name only), and ex Giirke in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 339. Branches clothed with dense drab pubescence. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate ; leaflets oblong, usually acute, entire or obscurely dentate, cuneate at the base, pubescent on both sides, especially beneath ; central leaflet 2—3 in. long, distinctly petioled. Cymes forming an ample thyrsoid panicle, _with densely pubescent branches. Calyx campanulate, ;4, in. long; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla-tube cylindrical, less than twice as long as the calyx; lobes small, orbicular. Stamens not protruding beyond the corolla- lobes. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Monnt Malosa, 4000- 6000 ft., Whyte! plains of Zomba, 2500-3000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 318! 385! 782! 8. V. thyrsiflora, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 152. A tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate; leaflets dis- tinctly stalked, obovate-oblong, cuspidate, almost membranous, green and glabrous on the upper surface, pale and slightly pubescent beneath, end one 6-8 in. long and 3-34 in. broad at the middle. Cymes forming an ample thyrsoid terminal panicle; pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts small, linear. Calyx campanulate, } in. long; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla-tube twice the length of the calyx; lobes oblong. Stamens included. Upper Guinea. Lagos: Abeokuta, Harrison, 5! in the interior, without precise locality, Rowland ! 9. V. Vogelii, Baker. A small tree 15 ft. high; branchlets clothed with short whitish pubescence. Leaves in whorls of 3, simple, oblong, entire, acute, subcuneate or rather rounded at the base, 4-9 in. long, half as broad, subcoriaceous, green, and finally glabrous above, matted all over beneath with persistent whitish pubescence; petiole 2 in. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, few-flowered. Flowers not seen. Fruit-calyx 4 in. diam.; obscurely lobed. Drupe globose, the size of a cherry, Upper Guinea. Southern Bornu ; Musgu, Vogel, 97! 10. V. gomphophylla, Baker. A tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, simple, obovate-cuneate, 2-4 in. long, entire, minutely cuspidate, moderately firm, green and glabrous on both sur- faces. Cymes lax, few-flowered, lateral, shortly peduncled. Calyx 320 CI. VERBENACEH (BAKER). | Vitex. campanulate, coriaceous, glabrous, subentire, 4-4 in. diam. Corolla not seen. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Dantilia, on a laterite plateau, 3000-4000 ft. Scott-Elliot, 5389! 1l. V. syringzefolia, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 115. A shrub; branches glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, simple, oblong, acute, entire, rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, 2-24 in. broad, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes sessile, axillary, many-fiowered. Fruit-calyx } in. long, green, glabrous; teeth small, ovate. Corolla- tube short, cylindrical ; lobes oblong, as long as the tube. Upper Guinea. Interior of Western Lagos, Rowland ! 12. V. simplicifolia, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 133, t. 130, not of C.B. Clarke. A small tree; branchlets woody, glabrous. Leaves simple, ternate, oblong, obtuse or minutely cuspidate, rounded at the base, 6 in. long, 4 in. broad, subcoriaceous, glabrous and rather glossy above, pubescent all over beneath; petiole glabrous, 2 in. long. Cymes few-flowered, axillary, peduncled. Flowers not seen. Fruit- ealyx 4 in. diam., obscurely toothed. Drupe oblong, the size of a sloe. Wile Land. British East Africa: Madi, Speke & Grant, 701/5! An allied plant gathered by Welwitsch in Angola in the province of Golungo Alito, has occasionally two small accessory leaflets on the lower leaves of the branch. It is a shrub 6-8 ft. high. 13. V. petersiana, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 264. Branchlets clothed with grey pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, acute, inciso-crenate, bright green above, paler beneath : central one 1 in. long. Cymes axillary at the apex of the branchlets, shortly peduncled, pubescent, with a flower on a short pedicel at the fork ; bracts small, linear, villous. Calyx cyathiform, pubescent, 5-dentate. Corolla pubescent, twice as long as the calyx. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi, at Tete, Peters. 14. V. tettensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 264. Branchlets clothed with pale brown pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate, crowded at the apex of the branchlets; leaflets ovate, petioled, shortly cuspidate, more or less serrate, 3-1 in. long, glabrous above, pubescent on the ribs beneath. Cymes peduncled, few-flowered, axillary from the end of the branchlets. Calyx cyathiform, 4—5-toothed, sparsely pubescent. Corolla cylindrical, sparsely pubescent outside. Drupe globose, the size of a pea. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi, at Tete, Peters. 15. V. dentata, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb, Bot. 265. Branchlets villous with white hairs. Leaves remote, 3-foliolate ; leaflets Vitex. | CI. VERBENACEX (BAKER). 321 ovate, petioled, shortly cuspidate, furnished with a few large teeth, 2-2} in. long, half as broad, bright green and glabrous above, pale beneath with a hairy midrib. Cymes axillary, peduncled; branchlets pubescent; bracts linear, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, sparsely pubescent, with 5 very acute teeth. Corolla hairy, three times the length of the calyx. Drupe small, obovoid. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi, at Tete, Peters ! 16. VW. Kirkii, Baker. A shrub or small tree; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous above, pubescent beneath; leaflets shortly petioled, oblong, obtuse, entire, end one 1-14 in. long; main petiole under 1 in. long. Cymes very lax-flowered, axillary, often 2-3-nate from the apex of the branchlets ; pedicels pubescent; bracts linear, minute. Calyx campanu- late, pubescent, 54, in. long; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla pink, 4 in. long; lower lip much longer than the upper. Drupe globose, the size of a large pea. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Tete, Kirk ! British Central Africa: Northern Zambesia ; Boruma, Menyharth, 872! 17. V. polyantha, Baker. A shrub or small tree; branchlets short, clothed with short drab pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate, moderately firm, dark green and glabrous above when mature, paler and pubescent all over beneath; leaflets oblong, acute, entire, sessile, 1-14 in. long ; main petiole slender, 1-2 in. long. Cymes very numerous, axillary, shortly peduncled, congested; pedicels densely hairy, very short. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, ;), in. long, minutely toothed. Corolla small, very pubescent. Nile Land. British East Africa: Mombasa, Wakefield ! 18. V. flavescens, Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xi. 87. A shrub ; branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, sessile, entire, 2-3 in. long, densely pubescent, especially beneath. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled, few-flowered ; branches pubescent ; bracts minute. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, } in. long ; teeth deltoid, acute. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx; lobes small, orbicular. Stamens much longer than the lobes,—/”, Mechowit, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 167 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. 69. Lower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5731! Malange, in pastures, Mechow, 247, Marques, 8 | 19. V. tangensis, Giirke in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 339. A shrub 15-20 ft. high; branchlets clothed with yellowish hairs. Leaves dis- tinetly petioled, 3-foliolate ; leaflets distinctly stalked, oblong-lanceolate, ~3 in. long, acute or acuminate, entire, glabrous above, pubescent and dotted beneath. Cymes dense, axillary, pedunclec ; pedicels pubescent ; bracts lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, clothed with yellowish pubes- VOL. vy. 322 CI, VERBENACE& (BAKER). [ Vitex. cence; teeth short, broad, acute. Corolla-tube twice the length of the calyx. Stamens exserted. Fruit globose, glabrous, 1 in. or more in diam. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Tanga, Volkens, 92. 20. VW. madiensis, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 134, t. 131. A tree; branchlets pubescent or villous when young. Leaves usually 3-foliolate, sometimes simple or 5-foliolate, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above when mature, hairy especially on the main ribs beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, obtuse or cuspidate, deeply crenate in the upper half, reaching a length of 5-6 in. by half as broad, end one dis- tinctly stalked ; main petiole 3-4 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long- peduncled; branchlets densely hairy; pedicels very short. Calyx cam- panulate, densely hairy, 4 in. long and broad; teeth ovate, distinct. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, hairy outside. Fruit edible, the size of a small plum.—V. Schweinfurthii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 170. Mile Land. British East Africa: Jur; Kurshook Ali’s Seriba, Schweinfurth, ser, 8, 48! Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1865! 1506! 2030! Denka territory, at Jeranil, Schweinfurth, 1313! Madi, Speke & Grant, 649! Mittu ; near Mvolo, Sehwein- Surth, 2848. 21. V. Schweinfurthii, Baker. A tree; branchlets stout, woody, terete, clothed with short soft drab pubescence. Leaves subcoriaceous, 3-foliolate or simple, glabrous above when mature, pubescent all over beneath with raised main veins; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse or minutely cuspidate ; end leaflet shortly stalked, reaching 5-6 in. long by half as broad; main petiole 2-3 in. long, Cymes lax, axillary, peduncled; branchlets densely pubescent; bracts large, linear. Calyx campanulate, } in. long, densely pubescent; teeth 5, ovate, distinct. Corolla small, villous outside. Fruit oblong, the size of a small plum, with a calyx } in. diam. Nile Land. British East Africa: Denka Territory ; Lao district, Schweinfurth, 1303! Jur; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1953! Gir, Schweinfurth, 1519 ! 22. VW. zambesiaca, Baker. A large tree; branchlets stout, angular, densely clothed with short whitish pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate, thin, green and obscurely pubescent on the upper surface, densely matted all over with whitish tomentum beneath when young, more thinly when mature; leaflets sessile, obovate-cuneate, obtuse, entire, end one 4—5 in. long by half as broad; main petiole 3-4 in. long. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, dense, long-peduncled ; branchlets densely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, 4 in. long ; teeth ovate, acute. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Drupe the size of a plum, edible. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese Kast Africa: Lower Shire; near the base of Morambala Mountain, Kirk ! 23. V. holocalyx, Baker. A shrub 6-8 ft. high; branchlets densely pubescent. T.eaves 3-foliolate or simple, subcoriaceous, obscurely Vitex. | CI. VERBENACEX (BAKER). 323 pubescent above when mature, finely pubescent all over beneath ; leaflets suborbicular when simple, obovate-cuneate when the leaf is compound, entire or crenate, end one 2-3 in. long by half as broad; main petiole 2~3 in.long. Cymes axillary, lax, long-peduncled. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, nearly } in. long, entire at the throat. Corolla small, densely hairy outside. Fruit unknown. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5636! 24. V. diversifolia, Baker. A small tree; branchlets densely clothed with short whitish pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate or simple, subcoriaceous, green and obscurely pubescent above when mature, densely matted beneath when young and less distinctly so when mature ; leaflets obovate-cuneate or when solitary suborbicular, entire ; end leaflet shortly stalked, 4-5 in. long, more than half as broad; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled; branchlets densely villous; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate } in. long, densely villous ; teeth minute. Corolla small, very hairy outside. Fruit globose, the size of a small cherry or plum, with a calyx } in. diam. Upper Guinea. Lagos: Yoruba district, Barter, 1096! Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 1644! 25. V. doniana, Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. i. 323. Branchlets very stout, obscurely pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate, subcoriaceous, glabrous on both sides; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse or minutely cuspidate ; end leaflet shortly stalked, 3-4 in. long, half as broad ; main petiole 3-4 in. long. Cymes very compound, very dense, axillary, shortly peduncled ; branchlets pubescent; pedicels short. Calyx cam- panulate, pubescent, } in. long; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla pubescent, 2-3 times the length of the calyx. Fruit not seen. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Heudelot, 379! 26. V. barbata, Planch. MS. in Herb. Kew. A tree; young branchlets densely clothed with fine spreading hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above when mature, slightly pubescent on the main ribs beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, shortly stalked, obtuse, end one 3-4 in. long and half as broad; main petiole 23-3 in. long. Cymes copious, axillary, dense, long-peduncled ; branchlets villous; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate, densely villous, 4 in. long; teeth very short. Corolla 2-3 times the length of the calyx. Fruit the size of a cherry. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Heudelot, 30! Senegambia, Heudelot ! Sierra Leone, Talla hills, in bush half way up Gonkwi, Scott-Elliot, 4881 ! 27. V. Camporun, Biitin. in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxii. 35. A tree; branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves long-stalked, 3-foliolate, subcoriaceous, subglabrous above when mature, densely pubescent beneath ; leatlets obovate-cuneate, minutely cuspidate, crenate above the middle, end one 2}-3 in. long and shortly stalked. Cymes 324 Cl. VERBENACES (BAKER). | Vitex. dense, long-peduncled, axillary ; branchlets and short pedicels densely hairy ; bracts linear-subulate. Flower-calyx campanulate, very hairy, 4 in. long; teeth obscure. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lobes of the limb small, very hairy outside—Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. 69. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near Falaba, Scott-Elliot, 5189 ! Lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Laurent! near Tondoa (Underhill), Bittner, 428. Angola: San Salvador, Bittner, 427! Malange, in pastures, Marques, 10! 28. V. micrantha, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 170. A small tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous on both surfaces; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, sub- sessile, conspicuously cuspidate, end one 2 in. long by less than half as broad; main petiole slender, glabrous, 13-2 in. long. Cymes few- flowered, long, axillary, distinctly peduncled; branchlets glabrous. Calyx campanulate, thinly pubescent, 1, in. long; teeth very small. Corolla small, white, silky outside. Fruit-calyx 4 in. diam.—Cummins 1n Kew Bulletin, 1898, 76. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Bagru River, Mann, 860! Ashanti: Assin- yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 74! 29. V. grandifolia, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 169. A small tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous on both surfaces; leaflets obovate-cuneate, obtuse or cuspidate, entire, nearly sessile, end one 8-12 in. long and half as broad. Cymes dense, axillary, shortly peduncled; branchlets finely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, obscurely toothed, 4 in. long. Corolla yellowish, silky outside, 3-4 times the length of the calyx. Fruit the size of a small plum, edible, with a calyx 3 in. diam. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Bagru River, Mann, 880! Gold Coast ; by the River Volta, Rumsey, 14! Lagos, Barter, 20180! Millen, 32! 64! Interior of Western Lagos, Rowland ! Niger Delta: sea shore near the River Nun, Barter, 2098! Cameroons: Bipinde, Zenker, 839! 959! 1006! ; Lower Guinea. (Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyauer, 215! Augoni, 70 miles east of Gaboon, Bates, 550! Native name ‘Ore.’ Fruit, a sort of black plum, from which is made rum, said to be intoxicating (Millen), 30. V. ferruginea, Schumach. & Thonn. . Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 695. A tree 20-25 ft. high ; branchlets clothed with soft ferruginous pubescence. Leaves 5—7-foliolate, moderately firm, glabrous and bright green when mature, clothed all over beneath with soft ferruginous pubescence ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse or cuspidate, nearly or quite sessile, end one 3-4 in. long by half as broad; main petiole 4—5 in. long, densely pubescent. Cymes very compound, axillary, long- peduncled ; branches clothed with short soft brown pubescence. Flower calyx j'; In. long, densely pubescent; teeth small. Corolla small, pubescent outside. Fruit globose, 4-}in. diam.—I. rufescens, Giirke in Engl Jahrb. xviiii. 169. Upper Guinea, old Coast : Aquapim Mountains, Zhonning ! J OT Gan Vitex. | CI. VERBENACE# (BAKER). 325 seen Guinea. Angola: in the province of Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5632! Vitex congolensis, De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc, Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 134, is not separable from V’. ferruginea, Schumach, & Thonn., by the description. It was collected by Dewévre at Bokakata in the northern part of the Congo Free State. 31. V. angolensis, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 167. A tree; branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and obscurely pubescent above when mature, paler and pubescent all over beneath ; leaflets oblong-cuneate, obtuse, entire, nearly sessile, end one 1} in. long by } in. broad ; main petiole 14-2 in. long. Cymes axillary, shortly peduncled, few-flowered. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, 4 in. long, distinctly toothed. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx; lobes short. Fruit the size of a large pea. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, 3800-5500 ft., Welwitsch, 5758 ! 32. V. grisea, Baker. A tree; branchlets densely clothed with short drab pubescence. Leaves usually 5-foliolate, subcoriaceous, obscurely pubescent above when mature, finely pubescent all over beneath ; leaflets oblong-cuneate, entire, acute, subsessile ; end leaflet 3—4 in. long, 1-1} in. broad at the middle; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, shortly peduncled; branches and peduncle densely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, ;'; in. long; teeth deltoid, distinct. Corolla small, hairy outside. Fruit not seen, Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, 3800-5500 ft., Welwitsch, 5759! 33. V. chrysocarpa, Planch. ex Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 486. A shrub or small tree; branchlets shortly pubescent. Leaves sub- coriaceous, 3—5-foliolate, green and glabrous above when mature, densely coated all over with drab pubescence beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire or crenate, obtuse; end leaflet shortly stalked, 3-4 in. long, half as broad; main petiole pubescent, 2-3 in. long. Cymes peduncled, axillary, few-flowered ; branchlets villous. Calyx campanulate, densel y villous, } in. long; teeth ovate, distinct. Corolla light blue, hairy, 3 times the length of the calyx. Fruit as large as a plum. Upper Guinea. French Guinea : by the River Niger at Farana, Scott-Elliot, 5383 ! Niger Territory : banks of the River Niger at its confluence with the River Benue, Barter, 388! and in Nupe, Barter, 1214! 1651! River Niger (Quorra), Vogel, 142! 34. V. esculifolia, Baker. A tree 30 ft. high ; branchlets densely clothed with short brown pubescence. Leaves 5-foliolate, subcoriaceous ; green and obscurely pubescent above, finely pubescent all over beneath i leaflets obovate-cuneate, acute, all quite sessile, entire ; end leaflet 5-6 in. long, half as broad ; main petiole 3-4 in. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, with pubescent branchlets. Flowers not seen. | Fruit oblong, din. long, with a shortly-toothed pubescent calyx fin, diam. South Central, Congo Free State : Monbuttu ; near Munza, Schweinfurth, 3442 ! j 326 CI. VERBENACEE (BAKER). [V ¢tew. 35. V. Hildebrandtii, Vatke in Linnea, xlili. 534. A twee ; branchlets short, densely pilose. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate ; leaflets sessile, oblong, 2-4 in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire, green and thinly pubescent above, densely matted with wiite pubescence beneath. Cymes long-peduncled, dense, axillary ; brane es densely pubescent; pedicels very short; bracts linear, villous. Ca ys campanulate, densely pubescent, 4 in. long; teeth ovate. Corolla-tu ° a little longer than the calyx, very hairy ; lobes oblong. Stamens no exserted. . Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Usaramo ; Dar-es-Salaam, Hildebrandt, 1249; Usambara; Tanga, Volkens,1! Holst, 2101! British Central Africa : Nyasa- land, Buchanan, 118! 36. V. Mombasse, Vatke in Linnea, xliii. 533. A shrub or small tree; branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves 3—5-foliolate, coriaceous green and thinly pubescent above when mature, densely pubescent a over beneath; leaflets obovate, quite sessile, entire, obtuse or cuspidate, end one 2-3 in. long by half as broad; main petiole 1-14 in. long, densely pubescent. Cymes dense, axillary, shortly peduncled, corym- bose or thyrsoid; branches densely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, } in. long; teeth large, ovate. Corolla yellowish, more than twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside. Fruit as large as a plum, with a calyx } in. diam. Nile Land. British East Africa : near Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 1972! Kirk! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! Usambara ; Bombuera, Holst, 2196. 37. V. shirensis, Baker. A small tree, with densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves 5-foliolate, coriaceous, green and glabrous above when mature, pubescent beneath; leaflets obovate-cuneate, obtuse, entire, sessile, end one 8 in. long by more than half as broad; main petioles 3-4 in. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, few- flowered ; branches densely pubescent; bracts oblong. Calyx campanulate, densely pubes- cent, $ in. long; teeth ovate, distinct. Corolla small, very hairy outside. Fruit the size of a small plum. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Impembe Hill, 3000 fi. Kirk, 3! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 20! Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft. Whyte! — and without precise locality, Buchanan, 231! 38. W. Carvalhi, (iirke in Engl. Pl. Ost-Afr. C. 339. A shrub or tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate ; petiole very long ; leaflets distinctly stalked, elliptical or lanceolate-obovate, 3-4 in. long; acute or cuspidate, irregularly deeply toothed, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes lax, axillary, with a very long peduncle. Calyx campanulate, tomentose, 5-toothed. Corolla-tube pubescent. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Carvalho ! 39. V. oxycuspis, Baker. A small tree 15-20 ft. high ; branch- lets glabrous. Leaves 3-5-foliolate, membranous, green and glabrous on both sides; leaflets obovate-cuneate, irregularly crenate, with a large Vitex.] CI. VERBENACEE (BAKER). 327 linear-cusp, distinctly stalked, end one 6-8 in. long by less than half as broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes lax, long-peduncled, axillary ; branchlets glabrous. Flower-calyx campanulate, glabrous, ;1, in. long ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla glabrous, 3 times the length of the calyx. Fruit unknown. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory: Old Calabar River, Mann, 2243! 40. V. oligantha, Baker. A shrub; branchlets slender, pale, glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, membranous, green and glabrous on both surfaces ; leaflets oblong, acute, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one 2-3 in. long by half as broad; main petiole slender, glabrous, 14-2 in. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, very lax, few-flowered; branches very slender, glabrous. Calyx campanulate, glabrous, ;1; in. long; teeth very short and broad. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx; limb nearly as long as the tube. Fruit unknown. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: on the coast at Quiloa (Kilwa) Kirk, 108! Kilwa, Kirk! 41. V. Dewevrei, De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxviii. 133. A tree 40-50 ft. high; branchlets glabrous or rufo- pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate; leaflets oblong, shortly stalked, 4-7 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, abruptly acuminate, narrowed to the base, entire, shining above, glabrous or subglabrous beneath. Cymes supra-axillary, peduncled; branches pubescent ; bracts oblong- lanceolate; flowers sessile, bi-bracteolate. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, tomentose, } in. long; teeth small, deltoid, acute. Corolla not seen, Fruit globose, black, }-} in. diam. Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Lukungu, Dewévre. 42. V. gabunensis, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 167. A shrub 3—4 ft. high; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous on both surfaces; leaflets oblong-cuneate, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one 8-9 in. long by less than half as bread. Cymes sparse, shortly peduncled. Flowers not seen. Fruit globose, the size of a large pea, with a nearly entire calyx } in. diam. Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, Soyauz, 163 ! 43. V. divaricata, Baker. A shrub or small tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, sub-coriaceous, glabrous on both sides ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse, all distinctly stalked, end one 3 in. long and half as broad; main petiole 2 in. long. Cymes long- peduncled, axillary, with long divaricate main branches ; branchlets finely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, yz In. long ; teeth very small. Corolla small, silky outside. Fruit unknown. Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Milne! 44. V. lundensis, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 168. A shrub ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliclate ; leaflets dis- 4 328 CI, VERBENACEE (BAKER). [ Vitec. tinctly stalked, oblong-lanceolate, 7-8 in. long. 2-21 in. broad, neuer narrowed to the base, entire, coriaceous, glabrous on both sur aes Cymes long-stalked, lax, axillary; pedicels short; bracts Aaa lle Calyx 4-1 in. long, ferrugino-tomentose ; teeth short, deitor. . A on . white, ferrugino-tomentose outside ; tube twice the length of the calyx. Stamens scarcely exserted. South Central. Lunda: River Lulua, Pogge, 1260. 45. V. pachyphylla, Buker. A tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, very yea green and glabrous on both surfaces, with ma veins much raised beneath; leaflets obovate-cuneate, obtuse or acute, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one 4—5 in. long and half as broa main petiole 2—3in.long. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled, dense, many flowered ; branchlets pubescent. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, § } f long ; teeth very small. Corolla small, silky outside. Fruit the size © a small plum. Lower Guinea. Gaboon: banks of the Gaboon River, Mann, 994! 46. V. cuneata, Schumach. d: Thonn. ; Schauer in DC. Prod. x1. 694. A tall tree; branchlets glabrous, tetragonal. Leaves 5-foliolate, coriaceo’s glabrous on both sides ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one reaching a length of 6-7 in. Cymes axillary, rong: peduncled. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, shortly 5-toothed. Core scarlet, pubescent ; tube as long as the calyx, densely bearded at the throat. Fruit as large as a plum, blackish, edible. UpperGuinea. “ (tuinea,” Thonning. 47. V. Cienkowskii, Kotschy d: Peyr. Pl. Tinn. 27, t. 12. A tall tree reaching a height of 50 ft.; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtust or slightly cuspidate, all distinctly petioled, end one 4-6 in. long an half as broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long- peduncled ; branchlets slightly pubescent ; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, 4 in. long; teeth deltoid. Corolla yellowish- brown, 3 times the length of the calyx, pubescent outside. F ruit the size of a large cherry, edible—V. paludosa, Vatke in Linnea, xliii. 534. Upper Guinea. French Guinea: common by the River Niger at Farana, Scott-Elliot, 5211! Lagos, Millen, 118! Niger ‘Territory; Nupe, very common, Barter, 1108! Morin, Rowland! Southern Bornu: Musgu, Vogel, 67! Nile Land. Upper Sennar: Fazokl, Cienkowsky. Tritish East Africa: at the contluence of the Ghazal River and the White Nile, Heuglin ; Denka Territory, Schweinfurth, 1307! Jur; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1890! Madi, abundant, Speke §& Grant, 81! Usoga, Scott-Elliot, 7179! Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith! Angola: province of Golungo Alto, Wel- witsch, 5633! 5645! 5746! Mozamb. Dist. Zuusibur, Kirk,1! Hildebrandt, 1123! Lake Tanganyike, Cameron! Portuguese East Africa: banks of the Luabo River, Kirk, 40! Britis { Vite. (CI, VERBENACEX (BAKER). 329 \ Central Africa : Nyasaland; Magomero, Meller, 5! Lake Nyasa, Kirk! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 80! Karonga, Scott ! “ Fruit the size of a cherry ; black plum of Sierra Leone, ‘ Edi’ of Nupe ; edible.” (Barter). 48. V. Poggei, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 168. A shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves long-stalked, 5-foliolate ; leaflets shortly stalked, oblong ; end leaflet 6-7 in. long, 2-24 in. broad, acute or acuminate, coriaceous, quite glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes long- peduncled, axillary, lax, few-flowered; pedicels short; bracts linear. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, } in. long ; teeth deltoid, half as long as the tube. Drupe globose, pubescent at the apex. Tropical West Africa. Without locality, probably from Lunda or Angola, Pogge, 1255. 49. V. mossambicensis, (iirke in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 340. A shrub or tree. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate ; leaflets shortly stalked, ovate, 13-2} in. long, acuminate, rounded at the base, entire, mem- branous, glabrous above, bearded in the axils of the veins beneath. Cymes with a long peduncle, lax, axillary, Calyx tubular-campanu- late, minutely toothed, pubescent upwards. Corolla-tube short; upper lip bearded. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique, Carvalho. 50. V. Welwitschii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 166. A small tree, 12-20 ft. high; branchlets clothed with short pubescence. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous above when mature, finely pubescent beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, conspicuously cuspidate, shortly stalked, end one 3-4 in. long by half as broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, many-flowered, shortly peduncled, Calyx campanulate, } in. long, densely pubescent. Corolla small, violet. Fruit unknown. Lower Guinea. Angola: in the province of Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5644 ! 51. V. amboniensis, Giirke in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 340. A shrub; branchlets clothed with yellowish hairs. Leaves long-petioled, »-foliolate ; leaflets long-stalked, oblong-lanceolate, 2-33 in. long, very acuminate, narrowed to the base, entire, glabrous above, pubescent and gland-dotted beneath. Fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. long, mucronate, glabrous, Spotted with white. Ambon, Hotel, 2578' Mo . . an East Africa: Usambara; Amboni, Holst, 2578. Portuguese Hest "Aftiea between Lupata and Tete, Kirk, 2! British Central Africa : Boruma, on the Zambesi, Menyharth, 762 ! 52. V. andongensis, Baker. A tree; branchlets clothed with Short drab pubescence. Leaves 5-foliolate, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above when mature, clothed all over with drab pubescence beneath ; leaflets oblong, acute, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one 330 CI. VERBENACE# (BAKER). [Viten. 4 in. long and 2 in. broad at the middle; main petiole 3-4 1n. Jone. Cymes axillary, shortly peduncled ; branches very pubescent. a yx campanulate, ;/, in. long, densely clothed with pale drab pubescence ; teeth obscure. Corolla small, very hairy outside. Fruit not seen. \ Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5696 ! 53. V. levigata, Baker. I. paradoxum, bo I, subacaule. y Land 2 -)¢ 1. I, paradoxum, ua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. Ne 8 in Rovotstock a large oblong tuber. Stem slender, erect, simp + l in. long. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, erecto-patent, one b acts long. Spikes short, dense, forming a small terminal panic oe larger, linear. Calyx campanulate, pubescent ; teeth minute are tube cylindrical, pubescent, 4—5 times the length of t ° yrs i small, the lower linear, shallowly saccate. Stamens nearly as g the lower lip. Upper Gcinea. French Soudan: Fouta-Jallon ; near Timbo, Miquel, 43. Described from a sketch kindly sent by M. Hua. 2.1, subacaule, Burkill in Journ. Linn. Soe. wxxiv 2) , I, i 6, Jigs. and 6. A tufted perennial, with stems 5-6 in. long: sual to the many, sessile, oblong, obtuse, 3-4 in. long, rarfaces: ‘tom. leaves few, se, entire, green and glabrous on both sur aces 8 ike: bracts small, bract-like. Flowers in a simple moderately ie On > throat dinear, persistent, foliaceous. Calyx campanulate, » /n. long, 388 CII, LABIAT# (BAKER). [ Jcomum. truncate. Corolla pubescent, } in. long; tube dilated in the upper half ; upper lip small, recurved ; lower small, oblong, concave. Stamens included.— Plectranthus ? subacaulis, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 73. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, sonth of Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 33! 65! 3. I. lineare, Burkill in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 270,t. 6, figs.3 and 4. Perennial. Stem slender, erect, wiry, pubescent, 6—8 in. long, leafy from near the base to the apex. Leaves alternate, sessile, narrowly linear with slightly revolute edges, moderately firm, entire, glabrous, 4-3 in. long. Spike short, simple, terminal, moderately dense; bracts like reduced leaves. Calyx campanulate, 4} lin. long, densely pubescent, truncate. Corolla } in. long; tube longer than the lips, curved, dilated in the upper half; upper lip small, erect ; lower larger, deeply concave. Stamens nearly as long as the upper lip; anthers globose, very small. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : North Nyasaland, near Fort Youngs Nicholson ! 4. I. salicifolium, Burkill in Jown. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 270, t. 6, Jigs. 1 and 2. A perennial herb. Stems short, slender, decumbent, terete, densely pubescent. Leaves sessile, linear, 1-1} in. long, entire, subcoriaceous, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Spikes dense, 1-3 in. long, forming a dense terminal panicle; bracts linear, as long as the calyx. Calyx pubescent, cylindrical, 4 in. long; lips very short. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx; lips small; upper oblong ; lower orbicular. Stamens included in the lower lip. —olanthus salicifolius, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 161. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte, 107! 12. HOLANTHUS, Mart.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. ii. 1176. Calyx very small, campanulate, truncate at the throat or obscurely bilabiate, finally circumscissile near the base. Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx, subcylindrical or narrowly funnel-shaped ; limb bi- labiate ; upper lip rather shorter, 4-lobed ; lower rather longer, oblong or obovate, not deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate; filaments free; anther-cells confluent. Disk glandular. Style shortly bifid. Nucules compressed, smooth.—Annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs. Leaves various in shape and texture, sessile or petioled. Cymes panicled, condensed or elongated ; bracts persistent, small or larger, foliaceous, imbricate. Corolla small, lilac. , Four additional species at the Cape, and one of which the native country nown, is not CRYPTANTHI.—Cymes not capitate. Bracts large, almost hiding the flowers, Leaves sessile, Annuals, Leaves linear, entire. Bracts din. long. . . . . . 1. &. ambustus. MHolanthus. | Bracts } in. long . Leaves lanceolate or oblong, pinnatitid . Leaves lanceolate, entire Perennials. Leaves entire. Leaves deeply lobed Leaves shortly petioled. Leaves oblong-lanceolate . Leaves ovate-lanceolate Leaves ovate-oblong Annual Perennial Leaves suborbicular Leaves distinctly petioled. Leaves rhomboid-oblong . Leaves ovate-oblong Leaves ovate, Bracts lanceolate Bracts oblong-lanceolate Bracts ovate-lanceolate Bracts broadly ovate Leaves obovate-spathulate =“ PHANERANTHT,—Cymes not capitate. Annuals, Leaves sessile Leaves petioled. Branches of panicle simple, long Branches of panicle compound, Leaves entire or obscurely toothed Leaves deeply toothed . Perennials. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Calyx very small, truncate. Bracts ianceolate Bracts oblong Calyx 4! in. long. Bracts lanceolate . Bracts oblong Calyx % in. long. Leaves distinctly petioled. Leaves oblong. Calyx very small . Calyx ';-7'5 in. long. Bracts linear Bracts lanceolate or oblong Bracts ovate : Bracts obovate Leaves broadly ovate & er 2 or oblong heads. Leaves lanceolate, subacute Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse. Calyx tubular . : CH, LABIATA (BAKER). Bracts minute. “CEPHALEOLANTHUS.—Cymes congested into globose wont Don . dd, 389 2. #. virgatus. 3. 4. AE. prittwitzianus, 4B, pinnatifidus, . AE. abyssinicus, . 4. Stuhlmanni. e AE. Holstii, A. ukamensis, . 4, rivularis, . AE, Candelabrum, . 4. nyikensis, . 4B. cuneifolius. . A. buchnerianus, . 4. fruticosus. . AL. elsholtzioides. . AL, panganensis, . 4. Niassa, . AB. Stormsii, . A, heliotropioides. . A. elongatus, . A. pubescens. . AB, Cameronii. . A. tuberosus., JE, repens. AE. serpiculoides. . 4. sedoides, . AL. nodosus, . a. Medusa, . 4. myrianthus. . A. Welwitschii. . AL. Buettneri. . 4. petasatus, . AE. zanzibaricus, A, Englert, . A. Poggei. 390 Cll, LABIATH (BAKER). [ Holanthus. Calyx campanulate. Leaves sessile. Stems woody . . . . . . . 36. A. cryptanthus. Stems not woody. . . . . . 87. 4. conglomeratus. Leaves petioled . . . . . . . 38. A. floribundus. Leaves obovate . . . . . . . . 39. A. obtusifolius. 1. A. ambustus, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 188, t. 136, fig. B. An erect much-branched annual, with stems a foot long and slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves sessile, ascending, thick, linear, 1-1} in. long, glabrous on both surfaces, with rather revolute edges. Spikes numerous, slender, elongated, erect ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, ascending, imbricate, foliaceous, } in. long. Calyx 1 lin. long, shortly 2-lobed. Corolla } in. long; tube narrowly funnel-shaped ; lower lip oblong, as long as the tube; upper shorter, cuneate. Stamens as long as the lower lip.—Burkill & Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 271. Nile Land. British East Africa: Madi, growing on rocks, Grant ! 2. FE. virgatus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 146. A much- branched erect annual, with stems 1-14 ft. long and pubescent branch- lets. Leaves sessile, linear, ascending, entire, glabrous, 1-2 in. long. Spikes slender, elongated ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, ascending, imbricate, 4 in. long. Calyx 1 lin. long, obscurely lobed. Corolla 4-} in. long; lower lip oblong, shorter than the tube; upper half as long as the lower. Stamens longer than the lower lip.—Burkill & Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 272, figs. 5 and 6. Wile Land. British East Africa: Bongo; at Gurfala, Schweinfurth, 2225! Perhaps only a variety of Z. ambustus. 3. #E. pinnatifidus, Hochst.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 80. An annual, with slender erect: glabrous simple or branched stems 4-8 in. long. Leaves sessile, membranous, lanceolate or oblong, entire or cre- nate or deeply pinnatifid. Panicle small; spikes short, the side ones shortly peduncled ; bracts oblong, foliaceous, imbricate, } in. long. Calyx short, campanulate. Corolla } in. long; lower lip obovate, longer than the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip—A. Rich. Tent. Fi. Abyss. ii. 186 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 362. Wile Land. Abyssinia : on mountains in the province of Sana, Schimper, 1604! province of Shire, Quartin-Dillon (ex Richard); igre: Mettgalo Mountain, Schimper, 62 (ex Engler) ; and without precise locality, Petit ! 4. FB. prittwitzianus, Giirke in Gétzen, Durch Afrika von Ost nach West, Sonderabdr. 8. Stem pubescent. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, $—§ in. long, obtuse, entire, fleshy, pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes spicate ; flowers sessile; bracts broadly ovate, obtuse, densely pubes- cent, § in. long. Calyx subcampanulate, subvillous, $ in. long; throat truncate. Corolla subvillous. South Central. Congo Free State: Kirunga Voleato, north of Lake Kivu, 6500 ft., Gdtzen, 14. «Eolanthus. | CII. LABIATA (BAKER). 391 9. 46. abyssinicus, /Hochst.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 80. A perennial, with long thick fusiform roots and short tufted slender glabrous stems ascending from a decumbent base. Leaves lanceolate, sessile, glabrous, moderately firm, 1-1} in. long, entire or obscurely serrate. Panicle small, lax; lower branch-bracts foliaceous ; spikes short ; lateral shortly peduncled ; flower-bracts oblong, foliaceous, i in. long. Calyx } in. long, obscurely lobed. Corolla }-4 in. long ; lower lip orbicular, as long as the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip.— A. Rich, Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 185; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 362. _ Nile Land. Abyssinia: Mount Shoata, 7000-8000 ft., Schimper, 1855! and Without precise iocality, Schimper, 562 ! 6. AB. Stuhlmannii, Giirke in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 345. A much-branched undershrub, with glabrous stem and branchlets. Leaves sessile, quite glabrous, rather fleshy; lower bipinnatifid, with linear- lanceolate lobes; upper simply pinnatifid or linear-lanceolate, entire. Cymes forming a terminal spike; flowers sessile; bracts round or broadly ovate, subvillous, rather longer than the calyx, deciduous. Calyx campanulate, circumscissile below the middle, truncate, sub- villous outside in the upper part. Corolla-tube narrow; upper lip nearly entire ; lower with 4 round lobes. Stamens and style exserted. Mozamb, Dist. (German East Africa: in the region south of the Victoria Nyanza at Mwanza and in the Usiha district, Stuhlmann, 4204, 4658. 7. #&. Holstii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 221. Stem branched, pubescent, 8-9 in.long. Lower leaves shortly petioled, upper subsessile, all oblong or oblong-lanceolate, under 1 in. long, obscurely and irregu- larly toothed, narrowed to the base, sparsely pubescent above, dotted with black glands beneath. racts lanceolate, sessile, subacute, pilose, 3-4 in. long; flowers sessile. Calyx cylindrical, pubescent, zo—} in. long: upper tooth deltoid; lateral lanceolate-deltoid ; lower round- ovate, connate. Corolla 4} in. long; tube broad, deflexed at the base; upper lip 4-toothed, lower cymbiform. Mozamb. Dist. (terman East Africa : 8. AE. ukamensis, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 147. Stem and branches pubescent or subglabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate- lanceolate, 13 in. long, entire or obscurely crenate, rather fleshy, pubes- cent on both surfaces. Cymes lax ; branches long, flexuose, pubescent, often curved at the tip; Howers remote, sessile ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Fruit-calyx 1—} in. long, longer than the bract, tubular, curved, pubescent, truncate. Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa; Ukame ; (wale, 6000 ft., Stvh/mann, 8160. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 891A. 9. JE. rivularis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1. 869. An annual succulent subglabrous herb, with prostrate stems 4-9 in. long, divaricately branched in the lower part. Leaves ovate or elliptical, t-L in, long, subobtuse, narrowed to the base, the lower shortly petioled. Usambara: nesr Mlalo, Holst, 421, 392 CI. LABIATE (BAKER). [| Holanthus. Flowers in panicled divaricate spikes; bracts up to } in. long, usually smaller. Calyx very small, subtruncate at the mouth. Corolla violet, } in. long ; lower lip deeply 3-lobed. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, on gneiss rocks by the streams of the Presidium, Welwitsch, 1630, 5591. 10. AS. Candelabrum, Briguet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 186. An undershrub, with thinly pubescent young branches. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate-oblong, 14 in. long, 1 in. broad, obtuse, cuneate at the base, subentire, irregularly sinuate, fleshy, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence candelabriform ; cymes with a long peduncle, usually trifid at the apex; flowers crowded, sessile; bracts oblong- lanceolate, persistent, }—} in. long. Flower-calyx } in. long, almost truncate. Corolla protruding }-} in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip } in. long. Stamens exserted. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, Mechow, 146. 11. AS. nyikensis, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 160. An erect undershrub. Branchlets slender, ascending, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, suborbicular, 1-14 in, long, membranous, deeply inciso-crenate, cuneate and entire at the base, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Spikes short, dense, forming a Jax terminal panicle ; bracts ovate, acute, $-} in. long, membranous, pubescent. Calyx very short ; lips ovate. Corolla } in. long ; tube cylindrical, much longer than the calyx; lips small. Stamens as long as the corolla. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte, 119! 12. AB. cuneifolius, Baker. A shrub, with thick straight woody glabrous stems. Leaves long-petioled, oblong or rhomboid, crenate mn the upper half, thick, rather fleshy, glabrous. Panicle moderately large; branches short, erecto-patent, simple, the lower arising from full-sized leaves; spikes short, oblong ; bracts ovate, acute, imbricate, foliaceous, { in, long. Calyx campanulate, ;!, in. long. Corolla ¢ in. long ; tube very slender; lower lip rather shorter than the tube. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5480! 13, 4G. buchnerianus, Briguet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 187. A branched undershrub ; branches terete, minutely pubescent when young: Leaves petioled, ovate-oblong, 1-1} in. Jong, }—$ in. broad, cuspidate, rounded or narrowed to the base, irregularly crenate, fleshy, pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence very compound, 6-8 in. long; cymes elongated, above 1 in. long ; flowers sessile ; bracts ovate, pilose, coloured, much imbricate. ;1, to } in. long. Flower-calyx pilose, campanulate, bilabiate, 4 in. long. Corolla protruded } in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip 1-1 in. long. Stamens much exserted. . South Central. Congo Free State: rocks of the Bango, in savannab, Buchner, 571. HLolanthns. | Cll, LABIATA (BAKER), 393 l4. AG. fruticosus, Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 346. An undershrub, with glabrous branched stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1}-2 in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, membranous, obso- letely erenate, glabrous on both surfaces. » Flowers sessile; bracts lan- ceolate, acute, pubescent. Calyx truncate, accrescent, circumscissile. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Gonda, Bohm, 1080a. 15. AG. elsholtzioides, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 187. Annual. Stems much-branched, from a decumbent base, densely pubescent upwards, Leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, thin, glabrous, fleshy, inciso-crenate, 1-2 in. long. Panicle small; end spikes oblong, 1-1} in. long; lateral spikes shorter, on short ascending peduncles ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, imbricate, acute, foliaceous, pubescent, }—} in. long. Calyx campanulate, obscurely bilabiate, } in. long. Corolla } in. long ; lower lip oblong, as long as the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5478! 5479! 16. AE. panganensis, Giirke in Hngl. Pl. Ost-Afr. C. 346. Stem herbaceous, pubescent upwards. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-1 J in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, thin, rather fleshy, irregularly crenate, pubescent on the prominent ribs on both surfaces, glabrous between the ribs. Inflorescence branched; branches erect; bracts ovate-lanceolate, sessile. Calyx pilose, truncate or nearly so, accrescent, cirecumscissile. Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Usambara; Pangani, Siuhlmann, 472. 17. AB. Niasse, Giirke in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 346. Stems shrubby, glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-1} in. Jong, acute, cuneate at the base, crenate, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes short, forming an ample panicle ; flowers sessile ; bracts broadly ovate, cuspidate, } in. long, tinged with purple. Calyx tubular, rather pilose, 4 in. long, obscurely lobed, circumscissile above the persistent base. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. 7 Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Baramsale, Nicholson ! Platean of Mount Zomba, 5000-6000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 524! 529! 18. AB. Stormsii, Giirke in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 820, Stem and branches pubescent. Leaves petioled, obovate-spathulate, 2 in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, irregularly serrate, fleshy, pubescent on both surfaces. Bracts lanceolate, as long as the calyx ; flowers sessile, Calyx globose, pubescent, truncate, obliquely circumscissile ; persistent base oblong. Corolla unknown. Mozamb. Dist, German East Africa : Karema, on Lake Tanganyika, Storms, 13, 19. AE. heliotropioides, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 137, 4. 82, An annual, with much-branched robust stems 2 ft. long an 394 CII, LABIATE (BAKER). [ Holanthus. slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves sessile, thin, subglabrous, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate, the lower 2 in. long. Panicles lax, moderately large; branches very compound ; final spikes slender, subsecund, 1-2 in. long; bracts very small. Calyx very small, truncate, pubescent. Corolla pubescent, } in. long ; lower lip orbicular, concave, not longer than the upper. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Wile Land. British East Africa: Unyoro; in forests, growing by surface rocks, Speke & Grant ! Kavirondo, in dry places, Scott-Elliot, 7117! 20. ZE. elongatus, Briguet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 188. An annual, with an erect slender simple finely pubescent stem 1 ft. long, from a decumbent base. Leaves distinctly petioled, small, oblong, obtuse, slightly pubescent, entire or obscurely crenate. Panicle small ; branches simple; spikes lax, 1-14 in. long; bracts lanceolate, minute. Calyx campanulate, ;4, in. long, obscurely bilabiate. Corolla } in. long ; lower lip oblong, concave, as long as the tube; upper shorter. Stamens. not longer than the lower lip. Lower Guinea. Angola: provinces of Huilla and Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5592! 5597, 5598 ! 21. AG. pubescens, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 80, An annual, with branched erect slender stems, 2—3 ft. long, pubescent upwards. Leaves petioled, thin, slightly pubescent, oblong or lanceolate, entire or obscurely crenate, 1-2 in. long. Panicle large, very lax; branches erecto-patent, compound ; spikes slender, at most 1-14 in. long; bracts minute. Calyx ;!, in. long, obscurely bilabiate, pubescent. Corolla bright blue, }-} in. long; lower lip oblong, concave, nearly as long as the slender tube, pubescent outside. Stamens not protruded beyond the lower lip.—Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 489. Upper Guinea. Lagos: Abeokuta, Irving, 112! Niger Territory : near the River Quorra (Niger) at Jeba, Barter ! Lower N iger ; Mount Patteh, Vogel, 174! 22. AG. Cameronii, Burkill in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 273. Annual. Stems tall, erect, fragile, red-brown, nearly glabrous. Leaves. shortly petioled, distant, opposite, oblong, 1 in. long, acute, deeply toothed, entire and cuneate at the base, green and nearly glabrous 0D both surfaces. Cymes spicate, scorpioid, peduncled, forming a very lax ample panicle; bracts lanceolate, small. Calyx } in. long, tubular, slightly pubescent; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla lilac; tube rather longer than the calyx, abruptly deflexed ; lips equal, } in. long, the lower deeply saccate. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Namasi, Cameron, 18! 23. AE. tuberosus, //iern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 869. A pered- nial, with a slender erect square glabrous stem from a decumbent base, which sends out roots from its nodes. Leaves oblanceolate, firm, sessile, subentire, the lowest 1 in. long, the upper growing gradually smaller. Panicle small, with few distant erecto-patent very slender slightly pubes- cent branches ; spikes lax, the end one | in. long; bracts small, oblong, Holanthus. | CII, LABIATH (BAKER). 395- foliaceous. Calyx campanulate, not lobed, !, in. long. Corolla } in. long ; lower lip oblong, as long as the slender tube, with a pair of acute teeth at the base. Stamens not protruded beyond the lower lip. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 1628, 5595 ! 24. FE. repens, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 137, t. 186, fig. A. A perennial herb, with many erect branches from a decumbent woody main stem; branchlets very slender, pubescent. Leaves sessile, firm, pubescent, subentire, oblong or oblanceolate, the lowest 1 in. long. Panicle 2-6 in. long; branches slightly compound ; spikes 3-1 in. long ; rhachis and small lanceolate bracts densely pubescent. Calyx very small, pubescent, truncate. Corolla hairy, } in. long ; lower lip concave, shorter than the funnel-shaped tube. Stamens not longer than the lower lip. Mozamb. Dist. (terman East Africa: Karagwe, on rocky moist ground, Speke & Grant, 150! 458! 25. AE. serpiculoides, Baker. A perennial, with slender decum- bent slightly pubescent stems, rooting from the lower nodes. Leaves sessile or shortly petioled, small, oblong, entire, pubescent. Panicle small; branches very compound ; spikes very slender, at most 1 in. long ; bracts very small, lanceolate; rhachis hollowed out opposite the flowers. Calyx 51, in. long, circumscissile above the base. Corolla not seen. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Buchanan ! 26. AB. sedoides, Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.i. 870. A perennial, with trailing stems and pubescent branches. Leaves small, sessile, oblong, entire, densely pubescent. Panicle small, with several forked ascending subsecund densely pubescent branches; bracts small, folia- ceous, oblong, densely pubescent. Calyx densely pubescent, ;', 1. long. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, much dilated at the throat ; lower lip with a sharp tooth on each side at the base.—Ozxyotis sedoides, Welw, herb. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, 2400-3800 ft., witsch, 1629! 5594! 27, AB. nodosus, Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 868. Stem stout, woody, stiffly erect, brown, glossy, glabrous. Leaves subsessile or shortly petioled, ovate or oblong, thick, obscurely crenate, 1} in. ong: subglabrous above when mature, pubescent mainly beneath, on ‘ e very ascending veins. Panicle lax, very large (8—!) in. long) mane ves distant, very compound, erecto-patent ; spikes very Jax, : e anges 1-1} in. long; bracts small, lanceolate. Calyx oblong, 5 1. longs slightly lobed. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.—Ozxyotis nodosa, Welw, herb. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of P witsch, 1627! 5596! Wel- ungo Andongo, 2400-3800 ft., Wel- 396 Cll. LABIAT£ (BAKER). [ Holanthus. 28. FE. Medusa, Boker. Stem woody, straight, slender, pubes- cent. Leaves distinctly petioled, small, thick, oblong, obscurely toothed, pubescent. Panicle short, with two remote lower branches; branches short, ascending, very compound; spikes slender, secund, at most 1 in. long; bracts obsolete. Calyx globose, } lin. long, densely clothed with white hairs. Corolla not seen. Mozamb,. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: mountains east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson ! 29, AE. myrianthus, Baker. A tall erect perennial herb, with subglabrous purple stems. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong-cuneate, 2-3 in. long, obtuse, distinctly crenate, cuneate at the base, the blade decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, green and nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence a nearly leafless lax thyrsoid panicle 1 ft. long ; cymes peduncled, very compound ; branches lax, scorpioid ; flower- bracts linear, longer than the calyx. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, 4 in. long; teeth minute. Corolla 3 in. long; tube slender, subcylin- drical ; upper lip as long as the tube. Stamens shorter than the lip. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, south of Lake Tanganyika, 5000 ft., Nutt / 30. AE. Welwitschii, Briguet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 188. A shrub, with woody giossy glabrous brown branches. Leaves small, petioled, oblong, acute, subentire, thick, fleshy, glabrous. Panicle short ; branches few, 2—3-furcate; spikes very lax, at most 1 in. long ; bracts small, green, lanceolate or oblong. Calyx campanulate, obscurely bilabiate, ;'; in. long. Corolla 1 in. long; lower lip nearly as long as the tube. Stamens not longer than the lower lip.—Hiern, Cat, Afr. P). Welw. i. 868. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5481! 5482 ! 31. 4B. Buettneri, Giirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix. 222. Stems erect, branched, 1-1} ft. long, perennial, glabrous or puberulous. Leaves fruit ;',—-;’5 in., the lower part persistent, shield-shaped. Corolla 4-} in. long; tube narrow ; upper lip 4-lobed, lower cymbiform. _ Upper Guinea, Togoland: near Bismarckburg, Biit/ner, 235, 250! in the Ketschenko Steppe, Biittner, 349. 32, AB. petasatus, Briguet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 62. A tall herb. Stem robust, minutely pubescent ; internodes Jong. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, $-3 in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire or obscurely denticulate, green, pubescent. Spikes 2-3 in. long; whorls 1-flowered ; internodes short; bracts obovate, 7;-y'y 1- long. Calyx in flower qs in., in fruit } in. long; lobes very small. Corolla a aialaleneei «Holanthus. | CU. LABIATA (BAKER). 397 protruding } in. from the throat of the calyx; lobes i's-yo in. long. Stamens finally exserted. South Central. Congo Free State: Ubwoire, Descamps, 33. AG. zanzibaricus, §. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1877, 68. A much - branched undershrub, with glabrous rather fleshy stems. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1-1 in. long, broadly cuneate or subtruncate at the base, membranous, rather fleshy, glabrous, obscurely crenate. Panicle very sparse; spikes very lax, the longest 2-3 in. long; bracts very small. Calyx subcylindrical, } in. long, circumscissile above the base. Corolla } in. long ; lower lip oblong, as long as the tube. Stamens not protruded beyond the lower lip.— Burkill & Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 273. Nile Land. British East Africa: Kilimanjaro Expedition, 40-60 miles from the coast, Johnston ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Doda, Holst, 2957! Usaramo ; Bagamoyo, wooded banks of the Kingani River, Hildebrandt, 1265 ! 34, AG. Engleri, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 189. An under- shrub, with glabrous young branches. Leaves subsessile, lanceolate, 1 in. long, } in. broad, subacute, narrowed to the base, entire, rather fleshy, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes forming a dense terminal spike 1-2 in. long; flowers sessile; bracts crowded, oblong, coloured. Calyx 4 in. long, pubescent; mouth truncate. Corolla protruding } in. beyond the calyx; upper lip very small; lower much larger, concave. Stamens not exserted.—Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 871. Lower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5615. Malange, Mechow, 453, 35. FE. Poggei, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 148. A shrub, with erect glabrous branches. Leaves shortly petioled, oblanceolate-spathu- late, 3-4 in. long, $ in. broad, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate towards the tip, glabrous on both surfaces, the ribs prominent beneath. Inflorescence capitate; bracts obovate or oblong, }—} in. long. Fruit- calyx tubular, shorter than the bract, truncate at the throat. South Central. Congo Free State: Lulna River, Pogge, 342. 36. AG. cryptanthus, Baker. Perennial. Stems woody; finely pubescent. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate-oblong, firm, subentire, pubes- cent, 1-2 in. long. Panicle small, composed of a few dense globose or oblong spikes; bracts oblong, much imbricate, foliaceous, pubescent, t-} in. long. Calyx campanulate, } in. long. Corolla not seen. Lower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5616! 37. ZB. conglomeratus, Baker. A perennial herb, with stout erect virgate shortly pubescent stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves seusile, oblanceolate, ascending, thick, pubescent, obscurely ore tun elobeos 2-3 in. long. Panicle long, narrow, composed 0 numero $ 8 rose clusters 3 in. diam., the side enes on short erecto-patent pecuncies ; 398 CH. LABIATE (BAKER). | Holanthus. bracts in pairs, foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, imbricate, 4 in. long. Calyx campanulate, } in. long. Corolla 4 in. long; lower lip shorter than the tube. Stamens not exserted beyond the lower lip.— Holanthus sp., Burkill & Wright in Journ. Linn.Soe. xxxiv. 272, fig. 7. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, in marshes, Buchanan, 459! Fort Hill, Tanganyika plateau, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte ! 38. AE. floribundus, Briguet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 190. An undershrub, with erect branches, clothed with grey pubescence. Leaves petioled, oblanceolate, 1 in. long, }—} in. broad, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes subsessile, aggregated in a dense terminal raceme 5-6 in. long; bracts oblong, coloured. Calyx smal], campanulate, with 5 obscure teeth. Corolla pale violet, ? in. long; tube incurved, dilated in the upper half, nearly 3 in. long; lower lip 4 in. long. Stamens not exserted. Lower Guinea. Angola; near Moma, Buchner, 82. 39. AG. obtusifolius, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 189, An undershrub, with straight branches, clothed with short adpressed pubes- cence. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate, $ in. long, } in. broad, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire, pubescent on both surfaces, green above, grey beneath. Cymes shortly peduncled, aggregated in a dense terminal raceme 5-6 in. long; bracts oblong, coloured, about } in. long. Flower-calyx campanulate, ,', in. long; teeth very minute. Corolla 2 in. long; tube much exserted, incurved; lower lip } in. long. ‘Stamens not exserted. Lower Guinea. Angola; Malange, Welwitsch (Mechow ?), 473. Imperfectly known species. 40, 4&. ndorensis, Schweinf. in Héihnel Zum Rudolph-See . Stephanie-See, Sonderabdr. 6. Suftruticose, with succulent pubescent branches. Leaves elliptic, sessile. Corolla pubescent outside. Stamens longer than the lower lip.—Eng]l. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 362. Nile Land. British East Africa: Ndoro, on the western slope of Mount Kenia, 6350 ft., Héhnel, 13. PLECTRANTHUS, L’Hérit.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. il. 1175, Calyx slightly accrescent, usually declinate in the fruiting stage; tube oblong or campanulate, often gibbous at the base ; teeth subequal, deltoid, or unequal, the upper ovate and reflexed, the others cuspidate. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments free (except in 78. P. inso- litus), filiform ; anther-cells usually confluent. Disk produced into gland, which is sometimes longer than the ovary. Style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid or oblong, smooth or punctate.—Annual or perennia herbs or undershrubs. Leaves very various in shape and size, petioled -or sessile. Flowers solitary or in axillary more or less developed cymes, Plectranthus. | CII, LABIATE (BAKER). 399 forming a racemose or paniculate inflorescence ; bracts usually small, foliaceous. Flowers small or medium-sized, usually lilac or blue. Stamens usually reaching to the tip of the lowerlip of the corolla. Species 80-100 or more, spread through all the warmer regions of the Old World, extending to the Cape, Madagascar, and Mauritius. *GERMANEA.—Upper tooth of the calyx ovate; four lower narrow, acuminate, Leaves opposite. tCymes reduced to a single flower, Bracts lanceolate-subulate Bracts broadly ovate Bracts minute or obsolete . +TCymes umbellate, inflorescence racemose. Leaves sessile. . P. melanocarpus. . £. tetragonus, . LP. biflorus, Ve Annual. . . : . . . . 4 P. modestus, Herbaceous perennials. Leaves lanceolate. . . . . . 5. PB. stenophyllus. Leaves oblong. Leaves 2-3 in. long. . . . . 6. PB. zombensis, Leaves 6-7 in. long . . 7. P. Buchananii. Leaves ovate or oblong. . . . . 8. BP. stachyoides. Leaves obovate-cuneate . . . . . 9 P. Lastii. Undershrub . . . . . . . 10. P. floribundus. Leaves with a short petiole. Leaves ovate. Fruit-calyx j4,—g in. long . . . - 11. P. minimus. Fruit-calyx 4 in. long. . . . . 12. P. ovatifolius. Leaves obovate or suborbicular. A creeping herb . . . . . 13. P. prostratus, An erect undershrub . . . . . 14. P. Fischeri. Leaves distinctly petioled. a Leaves oblong. . . . . . . 15, P. insignis. — Leaves ovate-oblong . . . . . . 16. P. miserabilis. Leaves ovate. Whorls 2—3-flowered. Fruit-calyx ;'5 in. long. . . . . 17. P. mandalensis. Fruit-calyx } in. long. ‘Annual . . . . . . . 18. P. pauciflorus. Perennial. Leaves glabrous. . . . 19. P. masukensis. Leaves pubescent . . . . . 20. P. brevipes. Whorls 3-6-flowered. — Pedicels very short. . . : . 21. PB. manganjensis. Pedicels 4 in. long. Leaves membranous, small . . . 22, P. Holstii. Leaves membranous, large . . . 23. P. longipes Leaves moderately thick . . . . 24, P. Emini. Pedicels long. - Lower teeth of calyx deltoid : . 25. P. flaccidus. Lower teeth of calyx lanceolate. Calyx clothed with long fine glandular hairs . . . : - oo Calyx clothed with rigid or robust crisped hairs . . . . . Whorls many-flowered. 26. P. crenatus. 27. P. phryxotrichus. 400 Leaves glabrous or subglabrous, Leaves cordate at the base Leaves cuneate at the base Leaves slightly pubescent. Calyx-tube campanulate. Racemes dense Racemes very lax Calyx-tube oblong Leaves densely pubescent. Leaves membranous Leaves fleshy Leaves subtomentose on both surfaces Leaves orbicular. Leaves glabrous Leaves slightly pubescent Leaves laxly lanate . . ++} Cymes not strictly sessile and umbellate. Cymes long scorpioid Cymes corymbose. Leaves oblong Leaves ovate. Calyx very small. Leaves cordate at the base Leaves cuneate at the base . Calyx 3-4 in. long. Racemes short. Leaves crenate. Lower calyx-teeth small Lower calyx-teeth large Leaves serrate . Racemes long, lax Calyx d—} in. long. Leaves small. Leaves glabrous Leaves sparsely clothed with long hairs Leaves pubescent Leaves large. Leaves clabrous Leaves sparsely clothed with adpressed hairs Leaves orbicular . Leaves rhomboid, deeply cut *Tsopon. Calyx-teeth subequal. + Cymes sessile, umbellate. Leaves sessile or subsessile Herbaceous perennial. Shrubs with woody branches. Calyx 41, in. long in flower, Leaves entire Leaves crenate Calyx 4h, in. long Calyx 4—¢ in. long. Calyx-teeth lanceolate . Calyx-teeth linear Calyx 4—! in. long ” Leaves opposite. Inflorescence racemose. CI, LABIATE (BAKER). [/ lectranthus. 28. P. fragilis. . 4. P. P. P . P. violaceus. P P. P. 29. P. sylvestris. . 380. P. punctatus. . 31. P. kamerunensis. 32. P. Mannit. . 33. P. rupestris. . 84. P. quadridentatus. . 35. P. cyaneus. . 86. P. spharophyllus. 37. P. microphyllus. 38. P. paucicrenatus. . 89. P. herbaceus. . 4G. PB. bongensis. . P. glandulosus. . £L. elegans. . P. parvus. . P. JSohnstoniv. . P. pratensis. . P. urticoides. . chiradzulensis » usambarensis. . albus. . hylophilus. . orbicularis, . schizophyllus. P. lycopifolius. 55. P. moschosmoides. 56. P. cylindraceus. 57. P. marrubioides. 58. P. sanguineus. 59. P. primulinus. 60. P. densus. Plectranthus. | CII, LABIATE (BAKER). 401 Leaves distinctly petioled. Annuals. . . . . . . . 61. P. stenosiphon. Perennial herbs. Raceme dense . . . . . . 62. P, betonicafolius, Raceme lax. Hairs long and bristly . . . . . 63. P. horridus. Hairs short and soft. . . . . 64. P. pubescens. Undershrub . . . . . . . 65. P. nyikensis, +tCymes not strictly umbellate. Inflorescence more or less paniculate. Lower lip of the corolla large. Cymes dense, shortly peduncled. Cymes 3-flowered . . . . . . 66. P. triflorus. Cymes many-flowered . . . . . 67. P. matabelensis. Cymes laxly corymbose. Shrub, with woody branches. . . . 68. P. defoliatus. Herbs, Cymes 3-flowered. . Fruit-calyx 2 in, long . . . . 69, P. kondowensis. Fruit-calyx 4 in. long. . . . 10, PB. Zenkert. Cymes many-flowered . . . . . 71. P. Schimpert. Lower lip of corolla small. , Corolla 2 in, long . . . . . . 72, P. ramosissimus. Corolla + in. long, . Stamens shortly exserted . . . . 73. P. hoslundioides. Stamens not exserted . : . : _ 74, P. Whytei. Corolla 1 in, long 75. P. paniculatus. “*SYMPHOSTEMON, Upper tooth of calyx ovate ; lower triangular, Filaments shortly united. Leaves alternate . . . . . . . . 76. P. insolitus. 1. P. melanocarpus, (iirke in Hugl. Jahrb, xix. 209. Stems erect, branched, tetragonous, clothed with long very thick spreading airs. Leaves unknown. Inflorescence a much-branched panicle ; flowers solitary in the axils of the lanceolate-subulate bracts ; pedicels Pay, glandular-pubescent, as are the calyx and axis. Fruit-calyx 4-3 In. long, tubular, curved ; upper tooth orbicular, obtuse ; lateral longer, lanceolate, acuminate; lowest Jongest, lanceolate-subulate, acuminate. Mozamb,. Dist. (German East Africa; Masai Steppe, Fischer, 511. 2. P, tetragonus, (iirke in Higl. Jahrb. xix. 209. Stems erect, branched, tetragonous, 3 ft. long; glabrescent below, clothed upwards with lone thi , ye pase . blong. narrowed into a ong very thick spreading hairs. Leaves oblong, né h sides ong petiole, acute, 3-4 in. long, 2-2} in. broad, glabrous on both ‘ es or ‘ry on the ribs beneath. Inflorescence a racemose panicle ; owns ‘olitary in the axils of the round-ovate acuminate bracts ; rhac he and pedicels shortly glandular-pubescent. Fruit-calyx ; 1n. long ; tube ‘ampanulate ; Upper tooth round-ovate, acuminate, with slightly VOL, vy. 2 D 402 CH. LABIATAE (BAKER). [ Plectranthus. decurrent edges; lateral as long, lanceolate-deltcid, acuminate ; lower longer, lanceolate-subulate. Corolla pubescent, yellow ; tube short. Mozambd. Dist. (ierman East Africa : Usambara: Masheua, 1500-1600 ft., Holst, 3573 ! 3. P. biflorus, Baker. An undershrub, with square woody branchlets, clothed with firm spreading strong brown hairs. Leaves unknown, produced after the flowers. Inflorescence a racemose terminal panicle ; branches short, erecto-patent ; flowers solitary ; pedicels 1 in. long, erecto-patent ; bracts minute or obsolete. Fruit-calyx 4 in. iong ; tube cylindrical, glandular-pubescent, rather recurved ; upper tooth orbicular-cuspidate, } the length of the tube; the others longer, lan- ceolate-cuspidate. Corolla not seen. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; between Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Very near P. tetragonus, Giirke, from which it differs by its long calyx-tube. 4 P. modestus, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 72. Stems slender, erect, annual, branched, pubescent, under 1 ft. long. Leaves few, sessile, lanceolate, the largest 14-2 in. long, distinctly crenate, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, lax, axillary ; whorls 2~3-flowered ; bracts minute; pedicels longer than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, } in. long in the flowering stage; upper tooth orbicular, the others narrow, acute. Corolla } in, long; tube twice the length of the calyx; upper lip small; lower larger, convex. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, Carson! +. P. stenophyllus, Baker. A perennial, with a slender simple erect pubescent stem 1 ft. long. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, subentire, very pubescent, ascending, 2-3 in. long, }—4 in. broad, with copious black dots. Inflorescence racemose, long, lax, terminal; whorls j-b- flowered ; pedicels long, pubescent. Flower-calyx pubescent, } in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower small, deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla 4 in. long, pubescent outside ; lower lip oblong-navicular, rather shorter than the tube. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; near Blantyre, Las/ ! 6. P. zombensis, Baker. A perennial, with erect simple or slightly-branched stems 2 ft. long, pubescent upwards. Leaves sessile, oblong, crenate, pubescent, ascending, 2—3 in. long. Inflorescence @ slightly branched racemose panicle, moderately dense, 2-3 in. long; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels short. Flower-calyx pubescent, § in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate; 4 lower longer, lanceo- late. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. _ Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland, summit of Mount Zomba, Buchanan, 395! : 7. P. Buchananii, Baker. Perennial. Leaves oblong, deeply crenate, narrowed gradually to a sessile base or a distinct petiole, Plectranthus. | CII. LABIATZ (BAKER), 403 membranous, shortly pubescent on both sides, the lower 6-7 in. long, 3 in. broad at the middle. Inflorescence racemose, lax, 1 ft. or more long ; flowers 15-20 in a whorl; pedicels pubescent, finally }-} in. long. Fruit-calyx | in. long; upper tooth large, ovate; 4+ lower large cusps. Corolla. }—} in. long. _ Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Nakajumbn, in the Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 365! 8. P. stachyoides, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 136, t. 81. A peretnial herb, with stout erect simple pubescent stems 3-4 ft. long. Leaves nearly sessile, ovate or oblong, pubescent, conspicuously crenate, the lower 3 in. long. Inflorescence a dense narrow terminal racemose panicle, the end branch 6-8 in. long; whorls many-flowered ; bracts ovate, pubescent, foliaceous, } in. long; pedicels short. Fruit-calyx tin. long ; upper tooth ovate; 4 lower as long, deltcid-cuspidate ; tube campanulate, very hairy. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Nile Land. British East Africa: Madi, in woods, Speke & Grant, 732! 9. P. Lastii, Baker. A perennial, with long simple slender pubescent stems. Lower leaves nearly sessile, obovate-cuneate, ob- scurely crenate, thick, pubescent, 1 in. long. Inflorescence racemose, lax ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, longer than the calyx. Flower-calyx pubescent, } in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; + lower large, linear. Corolla } in. long. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; near Blantyre, Las? ! 10. P. floribundus, var. longipes, .V. 4. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 13. A shrub, reaching a height of 8-10 ft., without any leaves at the flowering season. Leaves (seen only in the Natal type) sessile, oblong, coriaceous, nearly entire, pubescent, 2-3 in. long. Inflorescence a long lax terminal racemose panicle ; branches ascending, verticillate, 2-3 in. long; pedicels erecto-patent, }-} in. long, like the rhachis rough with glands; bracts small, oblong, acute, persistent. Calyx finally { in, long, hairy and glandular; tube campanulate ; upper lip ovate ; lower teeth lanceolate. Corolla bright yellow, $—? in. long. Lower Guinea. Angola: near the River Cunene, Johnston ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Lower Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Manganja Hills, 1000-2000 ft., Meller! Movavi country, west of Lake Nyasa, Air’ / in woods near Blantyre, 3000 ft., Scott ! Missale, “Nicholson ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 885! Matabeleland : in the valley of the Umzingwane River, Baines ! The type, which has shorter pedicels, occurs in Natal and the Transvaal. 11. Pp, minimus, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 205, Stems erect, very slender, pubescent, 1-4 in. long. Leaves very small, shortly petioled, ovate, crenate, rather thick, pubescent and dotted with black glands on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, very short; cymes 1-3- Hower ed, sessile ; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, very small ; pedicels iz~¢ in. long, pubeseant like the calyx. Fruit-calyx ,';—$ in. long; 404 CI, LABIATA (BAKER.) [ Plectranthus. upper tooth broad, ovate or roundish, obtuse; lateral deltoid, acute ; lower lanceolate, acuminate. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: near Buea, 7000 ft., Preuss, 1019. 12. P. ovatifolius, Oliv. in. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 136, t. 139. An erect perennial, with many erecto-patent pubescent branches. Leaves many, shortly petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, pubescent, about 1 in. long. Inflorescence a lax terminal racemose panicle ; branches 3—4 in. long ; whorls few-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, 4—{ in. Jong. Fruit-calyx } in. long; upper tooth ovate, mucronate, shorter than the tube, with decurrent edges ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower teeth large cusps. Corolla } in. long. Wile Land. British East Africa: Madi; in patches on flat ground near the Madi Burn, Speke & Grant ! 13. P. prostratus, Giirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix. 206. Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, small, obovate, fleshy, cuneate at the base, obtuse, undulated or obso- letely crenate on the margin, with a few adpressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, lax; whorls 6—10-flowered ; cymes sessile ; pedicels 1—! in. long, clothed like the calyx, with adpressed whitish hairs ; bracts ovate, obtuse. Fruit-calyx ;),—} in. long; upper tooth round-ovate, subacute; the rest subequal, lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla violet. Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: at the foot of Rhinoceros Hill, at Fangani Ford, about 2700 ft., Volkens, 484; Ukira, east of Victoria Nyanza, Fischer, 497. l4. P. Fischeri, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 200. Undershrub. Stems erect or ascending, pubescent above, glabrescent below. Leaves obovate or suborbicular, narrowed to a short petiole, obtuse or sub- acute, entire or obscurely crenate, }—1} in. long, thick, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, very dense, terminal or shortly peduncled in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels longer than the calyx; bracts suborbicular or ovate, acute, $4 in. long. Calyx yz in long, clothed with long hairs; upper tooth larger, ovate; lower sub- equal, deltoid. Corolla blue; tube erect, pubescent ; lips villous, out- side, Mozamb. Dist. (rerman East Africa : hanging from rocks, near a stream in & forest on the slopes of Ugweno Mountain, near Kilimanjaro, 3900 ft., Fo/kens, 518 ; Masai Highlands, Fischer, ser. 1. 77, ser. IT. 501. It has the habit of P. eylindraceus, Hochst. 15. P. insignis, //oo/: f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 210. A much- branched erect perennial herb, with stems 10-15 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, oblong, membranous, inciso-crenate, slightly pubescent, acute, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, the lower 6—9 in. long, 3-4 in. broad at the middle. Inflorescence a very lax ample terminal racemose panicle, the end branch 6-9 in. long; whorls Plectranthus. | CH. LABIATZ (BAKER). 405 few-flowered ; pedicels finally }-} in. long. Calyx in flower } in., in fruit } in. long; tube oblong; upper tooth ovate, much shorter than the tube; lateral small cusps; lower very large cusps. Corolla 4 in. long; lower lip oblong, as long as the tube.— Engl. Hochgebirgsfl Trop. Afr. 359. Upper Guinea. (Cameroons: Cameroou Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1257 ! 16. P. miserabilis, Briquet in Hnyl. Jahrb. xix. 180. A herb, bearing tubercles, creeping at the base, then ascending to a height of 2 ft. Leaves petioled, ovate-oblong, above | in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, shallowly crenate, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, long; lower whorls distant; bracts deciduous. Calyx very accrescent, 3 lin. long in the flowering stage; upper tooth ovate, the lateral ovate, acuminate, the lowest setaceous. Corolla pro- truding ,';—} in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip ,', in. long. Stamens included, very protandrous. South Central. Congo Free State: Lunda; Mukenge, in Bashilange district. Pogge, 1022. lv. P. mandalensis, Baker. An erect perennial, with short finely hairy tetragonous stems. Leaves long-petioled, membranous, broadly ovate or suborbicular, the lower 3-4 in. long and broad, deeply crenate, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls 2-3 flowered, forming lax racemose panicles; pedicels } in. long; bracts lanceo- late. Flower-calyx i, in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth small, ovate ; lower longer, lanceolate. Corolla pale lilac, twice as long as the calyx, Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mandala, cultivated specimen, Moir ! Described from a specimen grown at Kew in Jan. 1894, which was raised from seed sent by Mr. J. Moir in 1893. Ix. P. pauciflorus, Baker. A slender erect annual, with the habit of Cirewa alpina. Leaves small, distinctly petioled, ovate, crenate, membranous, obscurely pubescent. Inflorescence a very lax racemose panicle; branches 5, approximate, the end one + in. long ; whorls 2-tlowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx 3 in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; lower as long, lanceolate. Corolla 4 in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Unyamwezi; Msilala, H/annington ! 1). P. masukensis, Baker. An erect branched perennial, with slender stems densely clothed with short spreading soft hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, very small, acute, crenate, broadly rovnded at the base, nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Whorls usually 2-Hlowered. arranged in a long lax racemose panicle with a densely pilose rhachis ; bracts minute, foliaceous; pedicels very short. Fruit-calyx densely Pilose, | in, long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, about 406 CII. LABIAT-E (BAKER). [ Plectranthus. as long as the tube; the others small, deltoid. Corolla } in. long. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Masuka Plateau, 6500- 900 «., Whyte, 299! 26. P. brevipes, Baker. A much-branched erect perennial, with slender pubescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-14 in. long, acute, deeply crenate, not cordate at the base, membranous, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls 2—3- flowered, arranged in long lax racemose panicles ; bracts obsolete ; pedicels pubescent, ;/,—4 in. long. Fruit-calyx pilose, 4 in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, nearly as long as the tube; lateral teeth small, deltoid ; lower large, lanceolate. Corolla 4 in. long. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dist. British Centra] Africa: Nyasaland; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte ! 21. P. manganjensis, Baker. A perennial erect shortly pubescent herb. Stems 2 ft. long. Leaves distinctly petioled, cordate-ovate, crenate, membranous, pubescent, the lower 14 in. long and broad. Inflorescence racemose; branches 3, approximate, moderately dense, the end one 2-3 in. long; whorls few-flowered; pedicels short, pubescent. Flower-calyx pubescent, } in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; 4+ lower lanceolate, as long as the upper. Corolla } in. long. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Manganja Highlands, Kirk! Mount Zomba, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! 22. P. Holstii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 204. Stems slender, simple, grandular-pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, membranous, under 1 in. long, acute, rounded at the base. dentate, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, short ; whorls distant, 4—(-flowered ; cymes sessile ; bracts broadly ovate, acute; pedicels 51D. long, glandular-pubescent, as are the calyx and axis. Fruit-calyx «in. long; upper tooth broadly ovate, acute ; lateral deltoid, acuminate ; lower lanceclate-subulate, rigid, shorter than the upper. Corolla declinate, equal at the base. Mozamb, Dist. (rerman East Africa: Usambara; in damp places on low hills near Mlalo, Holst, 248. 23. P. longipes, Baker. A tall, much-branched, erect herb, with pubescent stems. Leaves with a very long petiole, ovate, 2-3 in. long, deeply crenate, not cordate at the base, green and slightly pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls 4—6-flowered, arranged in a long lax racemose panicle ; bracts minute; pedicels !~lin. long. Fruit-calyx pilose, 4 10- long; tube campanulate ; upper teeth broadly ovate, as long as the tube; lower linear, as long. Corolla } in. long; lower lip shorter than the tube. Stamens not exserted.—P. herbaceus, Schweinf. PI. Abyss. Sept. Exsice. No. 178, non Briquet. Nile Land. Eritrea: (tinda, 3000 ft., Schweinfurth, 178 ! Introduced into cultivation by Messrs. Dammann of Naples in 1894. Pleetranthus. | CII, LABIAT# (BAKER). 407 24. P. Emini, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 207. Stems branched, pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, round-ovate, 1-1} in. long, rather thick, obtuse or subcordate at the base, acute, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence a lax racemose panicle; whorls remote, 4—€-flowered ; cymes sessile or shortly peduncled ; bracts small, ovate, acute ; pedicels sin. long, pubescent. Fruit-calyx ! in. long; upper tooth ovate, acute, the margins not decurrent; lateral as long, lanceolate-deltoid ; lower longer, lanceolate. Corolla bent down at the base. agsn name Dist. German Hast Africa: Karagwe; near Bukoba, S/uhlmann, 2. 25. P. flaccidus, (iirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix, 206. Stem long, slender, erect, branched, fragile, slightly pubescent. Leaves long- petioled, ovate, membranous, deeply crenate, obscurely pubescent, 1-2 in. long; petiole clothed with soft spreading hairs. Inflorescence a very lax racemose panicle; branches long, slender; whorls 3—4- flowered ; pedicels reaching } in. long. Calyx finally } in. long ; upper tooth small, orbicular; 4 lower short, deltoid. Corolla } in. long.— Coleus flaccidus, Vatke in Linnea, xliii. 90. Mozamh. Dist. German East Africa : Usaramo; Bagamoyo, Hildebrandt, 1264! Usambara; Doda, Holst, 2980 ! 26. P. crenatus, Giirke in Hugl. Jahrb. xix. 208. Stems gland- ular-pubescent or subtomentose. Leaves long-petioled, round-ovate, 2 in. long and broad, acute, rounded at the base, glandular-pubescent or subtomentose on both surfaces. Whorls few-flowered ; pedicels long. Flower-calyx }—1 in. long, clothed with long fine glandular hairs; upper tooth ovate, acute; lateral shorter, lanceolate-deltoid ; lower Janceolate, acuminate. Corolla blue. Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Usambara ; among shrubs in clearings near Masheua, 4000 ft., Holst, 8730. 27. P, phryxotrichus, Briguet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 66. . An undershrub, with ascending dull green branches, clothed with long crisped hairs, mixed with short adpressed pubescence. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, under 1 in. long, acute or subobtuse, closely crenate, cordate or subcordate at the base, dark green and glabrescent above, paler and pubescent beneath. Inflorescence racemose, lax, 3-4 in. long; whorls simple, 2—6-flowered ; pedicels } in. long; bracts small, ovate-lanceolate, deciduous. Flower-calyx 4 in. long, clothed with rigid or robust spreading hairs; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, the rest lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla whitish-lilac, protruding st in. from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip { in. long. Stamens finally exserted, Lower Guinea ? Congo, Dewevre, 8624. An annual, with slender erect simple 28. P, eye > e7". ° fragilis, Bake Leaves long-petioled, fragile obscurely pubescent stems 1}~2 ft. long. 408 CII, LABIATA (BAKER). [ Plectranthus. cordate-ovate, deeply crenate, membranous, glabrous, 14-2 in. long. Inflorescence a terminal racemose panicle above the leaves ; branches 39, lax, approximate, the end one 5-6 in, long; central whorls b-flowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Fruit-calyx } in. long; tube cam- panulate ; upper tooth small, ovate ; lateral minute, deltoid ; lower 2 small cusps Corolla 4 in. long. Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Kirk ! 29. P. sylvestris, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 205. Stems branched, 6-7 ft. long, glabrescent below, pubescent above. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, membranous, 14-2 in. long, narrowed to the base, acumi- nate, deeply toothed, glabrous on both sides or obscurely hairy on the ribs below. Inflorescence a racemose lax panicle ; lower whorls remote ; cymes 4—6-flowered, sessile ; bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ; pedi- cels 4—} in, long, clothed like the calyx and axis with thick pubescence. Fruit-calyx 1} in. long; upper tooth ovate, acute; lateral lanceolate, acuminate; lower lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the upper. Corolla blue, pubescent ; tube very short. Mozamb. Dist. German Exst Africa: Kilimanjaro, lolkens, 765. _ 30. P. punctatus, / Merit. Stirp. 87, t. 42; Benth. in DC. Prod. xu. 64. An erect perennial, with stout simple or branched pubescent stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, membranous, slightly pubescent, the lower 3—4 in. long, the upper growing gradually smaller. Inflorescence racemose ; branches short, dense in the upper half, lax downwards ; rhachis very pubescent ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels short. Calyx pubescent, $-} in. long; tube campanulate ; upper lip ovate, mucronate, as long as the tube; 4 lower deltoid or lanceolate. Corolla 4 in, long.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 399, Wile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder ; Gunnia, 6500 ft., Schimper, 312 of 1862 collection; Gatat, 8400 ft., Schimper, 312 of 1868 collection, and without precise locality, Schimper, 691 ! and cultivated specimens ! 31. P. kamerunensis, (iirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix. 202. Stems branched, 3—+ ft. long ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves with a very long petiole, membranous, round-ovate, the lowest 4 in, long and broad, ecrdate at the base, acuminate, deeply crenate, with a few adpressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence a racemose panicle ; whorls remote, 6 flowered ; cymes sessile or nearly so; pedicels long ; bracts ovate, acute. Calyx clothed outside with long hairs, in flower { in. long, very accrescent ; upper tooth broader, ovate-deltoid, acute ; the others shorter, subequal, deltoid, acuminate. Corolla violet. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: near West Buea, 3200 ft., Preuss, 1039. 32. P. Mamnii, Baker. An erect herb, with slender fragile branched pilose stems 6-8 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, cordate- Plectranth 20s. | CH, LABIATE (BAKER). 409 ovate, deeply crenate, membranous, slightly hairy, the lower 2-3 in. long. Inflorescence a very lax racemose panicle ; branches 3-5, the end one 6-9 in. long; central whorls 6—8-flowered ; pedicels long, pubes- cent. Fruit-calyx } in. long; tube oblong; upper tooth small, ovate, with decurrent edges ; lateral deltoid-cuspidate ; lower 2 lanceolate, cus- pidate. Corolla }~1 in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 3000 ft., Mann, 1947! 33. P. rupestris, Baker. Stems with a shrubby base, densely hairy. Leaves distinctly petioled, cordate-ovate, membranous, deeply crenate, densely pubescent, 14-2 in. loug. Inflorescence racemose, lax, terminal, 3-5 in. long; whorls many-flowered; rhachis and pedicels densely pubescent, the latter longer than the calyx; bracts minute, deciduous. Calyx 4-1 in. long, pubescent ; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; lateral and lower large, lanceolate. Corolla twice as loug as the calyx.—Coleus rupestris, Hochst. in Schimp. Pl. Abyss. No. 2172. Nile Land. Abyssinia: near Bellaka, 5000-7000 ft., Schimper, 2172! Somaliland : Ah] Mountains, near Maid, 3500 ft., Hildebrandt, 1430! and cultivated Specimen ! Near P. madagascariensis, Benth. 34. P. quadridentatus, Schireinf. Pl. Abyss. Sept. Easicc, No. 2086. A perennial herb, with slender branched pubescent stems, decumbent at the base, 3-4 in. long. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, very small (4 in. long), obtuse, dentate, cuneate at the base, thick and fleshy, densely pilose on both surfaces. Inflorescence short, lax, racemose; whorls 8-9-flowered; bracts oblong, foliaceous; pedicels t-4 in, long. Fruit-calyx pilose, } in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, as long as the tube; lateral deltoid-cuspidate ; lower lanceolate. Corolla not seen. Nile Land. Eritrea; Mount Alam Kale, north-west of Aidereso, Sch weinfurth § Riva, 2086! Also in Arabia. 35. P. eyaneus, Giirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix. 208. Stems erect, branched, pubescent below, subtomentose above. Leaves petio “a thick, broadly ovate, 14-2 in. long, obtuse, rounded or su beordate 7 ue base, deeply crenate, subtomentose on both surfaces. J.ower ’ hor 8 remote, %—10-flowered ; cymes sessile; bracts ovate ; pedicels s~4 In. long, clothed like the axis and calyx with long spreading hairs. Bruit calyx ju-y5 in. long, dotted with yellow glands; upper tooth proadly Ovate, acute, with the margins scarcely decurrent; latera Pann lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate; lower longer, lanceolate-subulate. Corolla blue, dotted with yellow glands. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara 3 Silvi near Masheua, to ft., Holst, 8850! near Kwa Mshuza in the Handei Mountains, 5000 ft., Holst, . 410 CU. LABIATE (BAKER). [ Plectranthus. 36. P. spherophyllus, Baker. Stem slender, simple, thinly hairy. Leaves long-petioled, cordate-orbicular, with 3-4 broad deep teeth on each side, membranous, glabrous, the lower 1-1} in. long and broad. Panicle racemose, very lax, terminal, } ft. long; central whorls 3—4-flowered ; pedicels reaching J} in. long. Fruit-calyx } in. long, glabrous ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; 2 lateral short cusps; 2 lower longer cusps. Corolla $ in. long; lower lip oblong-navicular, rather shorter than the tube. Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar? Kirk ! German East Africa: Usaramo; Dar-es- Salaam, Kirk ! 37. P. microphyllus, Baker. Perennial, with siender erect simple firm obscurely pubescent stems, 1 ft. long. Leaves small, dis- tinctly petioled, orbicular, crenate, cuneate and entire at the base, membranous, slightly pubescent. Inflorescence racemose, long, very lax ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Fruit-calyx ; in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; lower longer, lanceolate. Corolla } in. long. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; Magila, 1000 ft., Kirk! 38. P. paucicrenatus, Mranchet, Sert. Somal. 56. Stems herb- aceous, clothed with white hairs. Leaves petioled, suborbicular, deeply inciso-crenate, with only 2-8 teeth on each side, laxly lanate, whitish beneath. Inflorescence a lax racemose panicle; bracts deciduous. Calyx minutely pubescent, as long as the pedicel; upper tooth ovate ; 4 lower acute. Corolla } in. long, scarcely twice the length of the calyx, pubescent. Wile Land. Somaliland, Reroil. Nearly allied to P. madagascariensis, Benth., which, as it occurs in Arabia Felix, Mauritius and Natal, will most likely be found in Tropical Africa. 39. P. herbaceus, Brijuet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 179. An erect annual, with branched fragile glabrous stems 1-3 ft. long, Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, membranous, crenate, 1-2 in. long, glabrous above, obscurely pubescent beneath. Panicles terminal on the main stem and branches, made up of many ascending forked scorpioid elon- gated cymes; pedicels very short. Fruit-calyx glabrous, } in. long; tube eampanulate; upper lip orbicular; lateral small, deltoid; lower lanceolate, as long as the upper. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.— Germanea herbacea, Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 861. . ~jet Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, at Lopollo, Welwitsch, 5906 - 5614. 40, P., bongensis, Buker. An annual herb, with slender erect branched glabrous stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves oblong, acute, petioled,. crenate, membranous, glabrous, the lower 2—3 in. long. Inflorescence a lax narrow panicle 6-9 in. long; cymes short, compound ; pedicels short. Calyx } in. long; tube campanulate; lateral lobes oblong A Plectranthus, | CII. LABIATE (BAKER). 411 lower small cusps. “Corolla } in. long; cylindrical portion of the tube longer than the calyx. Nile Land. British East Africa: Bongo; Gir, Schweinfurth, 2490! +1. P, glandulosus, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 17, vii. 210. A much-branched erect herb, 8-10 ft. high, with slender pilose branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, cordate-ovate, acute, deeply crenate, membranous, glabrous, the lower 4—5 in. long and nearly as broad. Inflorescence an ample, decompound, terminal panicle; lower branches bracteated at the base by large leaves; branchlets slender, glandular- pubescent ; lower whorls of the branchlets of few-flowered peduncled cymes; pedicels longer than the calyx. Flower-calyx ,!,—,4, in. long ; tube very short; upper tooth large, ovate; lower smaller, ovate ; fruit-calyx { in. long; lower teeth large cusps. Corolla } in. long; lower lip nearly as long as the tube. , Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 2029! Fernando Po, 7000 ft., Mann, 318! 42. P. elegans, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 36. Stem erect, perennial, hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. ong, acute, cuneate at the base, crenate, scabrous and dark green above, pubescent beneath, with prominent veins. Cymes shortly peduncled, 2-3-flowered, forming a long narrow panicle; pedicels } in. long; bracts small, ovate, acute. Calyx minutely hairy, broadly campanulate, yz Mm, long; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, the others acuminate. Corolla 3-4 lin. long. Stamens exserted. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanje, Whyte. 43. P. parvus, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 347. An erect annual, with the habit of Circwa alpina, with slender fragile Simple or branched hairy stems } ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, crenate, hairy, 1-14 in. long. Inflorescence race- mose, short ; lower cymes compound, few-flowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx, Flower-calyx } in. long; upper tooth short, ovate; lower Small, acute. Corolla 4 in. long. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! 44. P, Johnstonii, Baker. An erect herb, with slender pilose branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, cordate-ovate, acute, crenate, mem- ranous, slightly pubescent, the lower 2-3 in. long. — Panicle small, Tacemose, short; cymes few-flowered, shortly peduncled ; branchlets very slender, densely pubescent; pedicels long or short. Flower-calyx in. long; tube campanulate, pubescent ; upper tooth ovate; lower a8 long, lanceolate. Corolla mauve-lilac, 1 in. long; lower lip oblong, deeply concave, as long as the tube. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000 ft., Johnston, 69! 45. Py pratensis, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 201. Stems nearly 2 ft. long, erect, branched, pubescent or subtomentose. Leaves long- 412 CIl. LABIATE (BAKER). [ Plectranthus. petioled, ovate, acute or acuminate, membranous, serrate, 2—3 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, rounded or subcordate at the base, clothed with long adpressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, very short, terminal; cymes shortly peduncled, crowded, 3-flowered ; pedicels 4-3 in. long; bracts lanceolate. Calyx shortly tubular, finally 4-1} in. long ; upper tooth ovate, acute, the others lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate. Corolla with a blue tube and white lips. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, near Marangu, 5000 ft., Volkens, 634, Usambara; near Mialo, Holst, 459. 46. P, urticoides, Baker. An erect herb, with slender stems thinly clothed with spreading white hairs. Leaves long-petioled, cor- date-ovate, deeply crenate, membranous, slightly hairy on the main veins, the lower 3-4 in. long and broad, with an ascending petiole nearly as long as the blade. Inflorescence a very lax terminal racemose panicle; cymes simple or slightly compound ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Flower-calyx } in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate ; 4 lower cuspidate. Corolla } in. long.—P. laxiflorus, var. genuinus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 180, vix Benth. Germanea lawiflora, var. genuina, Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl, Welw. i. 861. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5545! Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 180, refers this to the South-east African P. lazi- florus, Benth., which differs by having many distinctly peduncled cymes, larger corollas, &e. He describes a var, sfenodontus coliected in Angola by Von Mechow. 47. P.chiradzulensis, Baker. Stem elongated, woody, bearing small distant lateral panicles; branchlets pubescent. Leaves small, petioled, ovate, deeply crenate, membranous, glabrous. Panicles very lax, lateral and terminal ; cymes few-flowered, simple or compound; pedicels 4-4} in. long. Calyx finally }~} in. long ; upper tooth ovate, shorter than the oblong tube; lateral teeth lanceolate ; lower linear, as long as the top one. Corolla $ in. long; lower lip oblong, deeply concave, as long as the tube. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: summit of Mount Chiradzulu, Meller ! Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft,, Whyte ! 48. P, usambarensis, (Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 207. Stems branched, clothed with spreading glandular hairs. Leaves long-petioled, rhomboid-ovate, membranous, 1-1} in. Jong, at most | in. broad, acute, rounded or narrowed to the base, serrate, sparsely clothed on both sides with very long hairs. Inflorescence racemose, lax ; whorls remote ; cymes 2-flowered, shortly peduncled ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, persistent ; pedicels ! in, long, clothed, like the calyx, with long simple and short glandular hairs. Fruit-calyx } in. long; upper tooth broad ° . : 5D lat deltoid, acute ; lateral deltoid, acuminate; lower longer, lanceolate, acuminate. Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Usambara, Holst, 487. Plectranthus. | CII. LABIAT (BAKER). 413 49. P. albus, Giirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix. 202. Stems branched, %-10 ft. long; branchlets pubescent or subtomentose. Leaves mem- branous, distinctly petioled, 2-21 in. long, ovate, cordate or rounded at the base, acute, crenate, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence a race- mose panicle; whorls remote, 6-flowered ; cymes distinctly peduncled ; pedicels 4—! in. long ; bracts ovate, acute. Fruit-calyx !—! in. long, declinate, pubescent; upper tooth broader, deltoid-ovate, acute, the others shorter, subequal, deltoid, acute or acuminate. Corolla white, finely pubescent. y Mozamb. Dist. German Kast Africa: Kilimanjaro, 5000-6000 ft., Volkens, 44. Near P. laxiflorus, Benth. 50. P. violaceus, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 201. Stems erect, branched, 6-7 ft. long; branchlets glandular-pubescent. Leaves membranous, long-petioled, ovate, the lower 5—6 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, acute or acuminate, rounded at the base, strongly crenate, glabrous on both sides. Inflorescence a lax racemose panicle; cymes distinctly peduncled ; whorls 6-flowered; pedicels }—! in. long; bracts small, oblong-lanceolate. Fruit-calyx 4 in. long, declinate, glandular-pubes- cent; upper tooth largest, ovate-deltoid, acute, the others rather shorter, deltoid, acute, subequal. Corolla violet. Mozamb. Dist. (German East Africa: Usambara ; Lutindi, 5000 ft., Holst, 3317 ! Near P. laxiflorus, Benth. 51. P. hylophilus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 203. Stems.’ branched, 6-7 ft. long; branchlets glandular-pubescent. Leaves long- petioled, membranous, ovate, the lower + in. long, 3 in. broad, cordate or subcordate at the base, acuminate, deeply serrate, both sides sparsely clothed with adpressed hairs. Inflorescence a lax racemose panicle ; cymes 3-flowered, distinctly peduncled ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate ; pedicels } in. long, glandular-pubescent, as are the calyx and rhachis. Calyx very accrescent, finally } in. long; upper tooth broader, ovate- deltoid, acuminate ; lateral shorter, lanceolate, acuminate ; lower longer, sub-rigid, subulate. Corolla violet, 4—5 lin. long. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: near Mann’s Spring, 7200 ft., Preuss, 815! 52. P. orbicularis, Giirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix. 203 Stems but little branched, pubescent, 1} ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, orbi- cular, membranous, 1-2 in. long and broad, obtuse or cuspidate, deeply cordate at the base, deeply toothed, glabrous, gland-dotted beneath. nflorescence racemose, lax ; whorls distant, 6-flowered : cymes shortly peduncled; bracts round or broadly ovate; pedicels } in. long, shortly pubescent, as are the calyx and axis. Fruit-calyx | in. long ; upper tooth broadly ovate, cuspidate : lateral teeth deltoid, acuminate ; lower lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate, longer than the upper. Corolla declinate. Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann, 826, German East Africa: Usambuara : Upanga Swamp, Holst, 4159. 414 CH, LABIAT.E (BAKER). [ Plectranthus. 53. P. schizophyllus, Baker. An erect perennial, with slender branched pubescent stems. Leaves shortly petioled, rhomboid, 1—1} in. long, deeply cut from the margins and apex into linear lobes with revolute edges, cuneate at the base, moderately firm, thinly pilose on the upper surfaces, pubescent beneath. Inflorescence racemose, long, lax ; lower whorls 6-8-flowered, not strictly umbellate; pedicels }-} in. long. Fruit-calyx 4 in. long, slightly pilose; tube very short; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, longer than the tnbe; lateral short, obtuse; lower lan- ceolate, much longer. Corolla not seen. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; between Kondowe and Karonga, west side of Lake Nyasa, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte, 376! 54. BP. lycopifolius, 4. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 181. Stem herbaceous; branches erect, hairy. Leaves subsessile, ovate-oblong, acute, serrate, subscabrous above, hairy on the ribs below. Inflores- cence racemose, elongated ; whorls spread out, many-flowered. Calyx campanulate, clothed with glandular hairs ; teeth lanceolate, the upper rather broader. Corolla small. Wile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre; near Adowa, Quartin-Dillon. 55. P. moschosmoides, Baker. A shrubby perennial, with stems finely pubescent upwards. Leaves at the base of the panicle small, sessile, ovate, entire, pubescent. Panicle 1 ft. long, composed of about 30 dense cylindrical racemes, usually ternate on short branches, the end ones 2—3 in. long; pedicels short; bracts ovate, very small. Flower- calyx ,'; in. long, densely clothed with white hairs ; tube campanulate ; teeth ovate, subequal, shorter than the tube. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.—Germanea eylindracea, Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 861. Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Welwitsch, 5489! 56. P. cylindraceus, Hochst.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 60. A shrubby perennial, with stems shortly pubescent upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, crenate, pubescent on both sides, cuneate and entire at the base. Inflorescence racemose, dense in the upper half, 3-5 in. long, 1-3 to a stem; pedicels often longer than the calyx ; bracts small, ovate, acute, very pubescent. Flower-calyx 4's in. long, densely clothed with white pubescence ; tube campanulate ; teeth deltoid, subequal. Corolla pubescent, twice as long as the calyx.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 183 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfi. Trop. Afr. 358. Nile Land, Eritrea: Aidereso, 4000 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 1700! Mount Alam Kale to the north-west of Aidereso, Schweinfurth & Riva, 1806! Abyssinia Tigre ; Adowa, Quartin-Dillon § Petit, and near Mai Gouagoua, Quartin-Dillon, 120! Mettgalo, Schimper, 705; Samen: on rocks near Gapdia, Schimper, 1113 - province of Shoa, Petit. Also in Arabia. 57. P. marrubioides, Hochst.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 6¥. A shrubby perennial, with finely pubescent stems. Leaves small, subsessile, Plectranthus. | CII. LABIATE (BAKER). 415 pubescent, oblong, crenate, with an entire cuneate base. Branches of the panicle laxer than in P. cylindraceus, the end one 5-6 in. long, one or few to a stem ; flowers in dense globose whorls ; pedicels very short ; bracts small, ovate, pubescent. Flower-calyx 4!, in. long, densely clothed with short white hairs; tube campanulate ; teeth subequal, short, deltoid. Corolla hairy, twice as long as the calyx.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 181; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 127; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 358. Wile Land. Abyssinia: Samen: near Jaja (Dschadseha), 6000 ft., Schimper, 387, and without precise locality, Schimper, 146! 1925! 8. P. sanguineus, Jritten in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 36. A shrub with pubescent woody branches. Leaves developed after the flowers, only seen in a young state, subsessile, orbicular, with a cuneate base, crenate, pubescent. Inflorescence a very dense short terminal racemose panicle; rhachis densely hispid; whorls many- flowered, simple; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate, } in. long, densely hairy, exuding (like the bud-scales, corolla and stamens) bright red resinous drops; teeth lanceolate, subequal, as long as the tube. Corolla } in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft., Whyte ! 29. P. primulinus, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 292. Stems perennial ; branches long, softly woody. Leaves unknown. Inflores- cence a short very dense oblong racemose panicle 1}—2 in. long ; cymes sessile; pedicels very short. Calyx finally } in. long, densely pilose ; tube campanulate ; teeth linear, equal, longer than the tube. Corolla pale yellow, pilose, } in. long; tube rather longer than the calyx. Stamens reaching the tip of the lower lip of the corolla. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Moero Plateau, south-west of Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 36! 60. P. densus, .V. #. Brown in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 12. An under- shrub, with erect woody pubescent branches. Leaves unknown. Inflorescence a racemose panicle ; branches dense, 1—1} in. long ; bracts obovate or oblanceolate, }—} in. long, twice as long as the pedicels. Calyx 2-21 lin. long, with 5 subequal lanceolate acuminate teeth. Corolla 5 lin. long. Mozamb, Dist. (erman East Africa: Higher Plateaux north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson ! Hl. Py stenosiphon, Luker. An annual, with erect simple slender glabrous stems 1-1} ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, mem- branous, ovate, crenate, obscurely pubescent, 2-3 In. long ; petiole longer than the blade. Inflorescence racemose, moderately dense, 3—4 in. long; flowers 5-6 in a whorl; bracts minute ; pedicels short, pubescent. Calyx pubescent, .)—,', in. long; tube campanulate; teeth ovate- 16° 12 416 CLL. LABIAT.E (BAKER), { Plectranthus. lanceolate, subequal. Corolla | in. long; tube very slender, three times the length of the calyx. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; near the River Shire, Kirk! Zambesi (?), Kirk ! 62. P. betonicefolius, Buker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 72. Stem herbaceous, perennial, 2—3 ft. long ; branchlets clothed with white down. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, the lower 15-2 in. long, crenate, green on the face, clothed with white pubescence beneath. Peduncle long, naked. Inflorescence a dense simple cylindrical racemose panicle, 3 in. long ; axis densely pilose; bracts ovate, cuspidate. Calyx iz in. long, densely clothed with purple woolly hairs; teeth subequal, deltoid. Corolla pubescent, 6-7 lin. long; tube much longer than the calyx, dilated in the upper half; upper lip small; lower large, very concave. Stamens included, Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, south of Lake Tanganyika, 5000 ft., Carson, 64,79! Nutt! 63. P. horridus, Baker. A coarse herb, with the habit of Urtica dioica. Stems erect, simple, with spreading white bristly hairs. Leaves ovate, membranous, pubescent, deeply crenate, 2-3 in. long; petiole long, clothed with bristles like those of the stem. Inflorescence race- mose. !ax, simple, 3—4 in. long ; flowers about six in a whorl ; rhachis coarsely pubescent; pedicels unequal, some longer than the calyx. Calyx ,;-} in. long; teeth ovate-lanceolate, subequal. Corolla 4 in. long ; tube scarcely longer than the calyx.—Germanea horrida, Hiern, Cat. Afr, Pl. Welw. i. 863. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5537 ! 5613 ! 64. P. pubescens, Baker. An erect perennial, with branched densely pubescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, about 1 in. long, acute, shallowly cordate at the base, deeply crenate, membranous, green and densely pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls lax, arranged in a long racemose panicle; bracts minute; pedicels pubescent, { in. long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, 4 in. long; teeth small, subequal, deltoid or lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla } in. long. Stamens included. ° Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mount Malosa, 4000- 6000 ft., Whyte? Nyika Plateau, 7000 ft., Whyte ! 65. P. nyikensis, Baker. A much-branched undershrub, with woody pubescent branches. Leaves shortly petioled, broadly ovate or suborbicular, ?-1 in. long, obtuse, broadly rounded at the base, firm, greenand pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes few flowered, umbellate, arranged in a moderately long lax racemose panicle; bracts small, ovate, foliaceous ; pedicels densely pubescent, i in. Jong. Calyx densely Plectranthus. | Cll, LABIATE (BAKER). 417 pubescent, 4 in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth small, deltoid, subequal. Corolla 3 in. long. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte, 162! 66. P. triflorus, Baker. A perennial herb, with short slender erect densely pubescent stems. Leaves small, shortly petioled, cordate- ovate, crenate, densely pubescent. Panicles racemose, very lax; branches short, generally three-flowered; pedicels short, like the peduncles densely pubescent. Calyx 4 in. long, densely pubescent ; tube campanulate; teeth small, ovate; lower pair longest. Corolla in, long ; tube much curved, 2—3 times the length of the calyx. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 9000- 10,000 ft., Thomson ! 67. P. matabelensis, Baker. Annual? Stem square, fragile, slender, erect, glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, cordate-ovate, membranous, deeply crenate, 2-3 in. long. Panicle 6—‘ in. long, with short ascending branches, bearing several flowers crowded at the top. Calyx 4-1 in, long; teeth subequal, ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the oblong tube. Corolla 4 in. long; tube 2-3 times the length of the calyx, “ eee Dist. Matabeleland: by the Rocky Shasha River, Holub, 1403-- ! 68. P, defoliatus, Hochst.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 60. A shrub, With woody dense pubescent branches. Leaves not seen, not produced With the flowers, small, orbicular. Panicle racemose, long, lax ; branches several in a whorl; rhachises pubescent ; cymes irregular ; pedicels Short, pubescent; bracts minute. Calyx campanulate, densely pilose, + in. long; teeth subequal, lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla } up. long ; lower lip as long as the tube.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 11. 181; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 358. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Samen; Woina Deka Region, Steudner, 1412" on the sides of mountains near Jomara, Schimper, 847! province of Wojerat, Petit. Lower Guinea. Angola: near the River Cunene, Johnston ! _ 69. P. kondowensis, Baker. An erect, branched, perennial herb, with slender finely pubescent stems. Leaves long-petioled, cordate, © ‘ . ; , el . ovate, 2-31 in. long, acute, crenate, membranous, green and finely pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes usually 3-flowered, distinctly acts ovate, foliaceous ; Peduncled, on a lax terminal panicle ; lower br Jo ; pedicels pubescent, 1—} in. long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, ; in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth minute, upper deltoid, lower deltoid-cuspi date. Corolla 3 in. long; tube dilated in the upper half; lower lip arge. Stamens included. . e and _ Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; between Kondowe anc Karonga, West of Lake Nyasa, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! VOL. y. 25 41% CII. LABIATE (BAKER). | Plectranthus. 70. P. Zenkeri, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 199. Stems erect, branched, pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, ovate or ovate-oblong, above 1 in. long, rounded at the base, acute or acumi- nate, crenate, glabrous above, pubescent below. Racemes lax, com- pound ; cymes remote, 3-flowered, with a peduncle } in. long ; pedicels long, sparsely glandular-pubescent, like the calyx and rhachis; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Calyx tubular, in flower ;', in., finally 4 in. long; teeth subequal, lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate, lower shorter. Corolla lilac. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: near Yaunde, Zenker. 71. P. Schimperi, Vatke in Linnea, xxxvii. 317. An annual, with much-branched slender fragile glabrous stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves distinctly petioied, ovate, acute, membranous, crenate, slightly hairy, 1-2 in. long. Inflorescence a lax terminal panicle, with compound cymes on slender ascending peduncles from the axils of the upper leaves ; pedicels pubescent, long or short. Flower-calyx pubescent, din. Jong; teeth ovate, equal, shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lips 2 in. long.—Eng]. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 358. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder; near CGafat, by streams, in hedges and at the foot of mountains, 8100-8200 ft., Schimper, 1174! 1179! and without precise locality, Roth, 502! 72. P. ramosissimus, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 17, vil. 210. An erect, much-branched herb, 4-10 ft. high, with square slightly pubescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, narrowly ovate, crenate, small, pubescent. Inflorescence a lax panicle terminating each branch, with copiously compound branchlets, each subtended at the base by a reduced leaf; pedicels pubescent. Flower-calyx 35 In. long, densely pubescent ; tube campanulate ; teeth small, deltoid, sub- equal. Corolla } in. long ; tube straight, funnel-shaped, twice as long as the calyx; lower lip much smaller in proportion than usual in the genus. Stamens exserted beyond the lower lip.—Engl]. Hochgebirgst. Trop. Afr, 359. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 3000-7000 ft., Mann, 1320! 1996! Johnston, 102! Fernando Po: Clarence Peak, 5000 ft., Mann, 624! 73. P. hoslundioides, Baker. A much-branched herb, with finely hairy slender fragile stems. Leaves shortly petioled, broadly ovate, crenate, small, pubescent, especially beneath. Inflorescence a lax panicle with trichotomously cymose forks at the end of each branch ; pedicels long, very slender. Flower-calyx densely pubescent, 7's 1- long ; teeth ovate, subequal. Corolla | in. long; tube straight, sub- cylindrical, three times the length of the calyx ; lower lip much smaller than is usualin the genus. Stamens shortly exserted. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Lower Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson ! Nearly allied to P. ramosissimus, Hook. f. Plectranthus. | CI, LABIAT£ (BAKER). 419 74. P. Whytei, Baker. A much-branched, erect perennial herb, with slender branches, densely clothed upwards with short hairs. Leaves sessile, ovate, 1-2 in. Jong, acute, crenate, broadly rounded at the base, moderately firm, green and thinly pilose above, densely pilose beneath. Cymes not umbellate, produced on long slender peduncles from the axils of large leaves; pedicels long. Calyx finally } in. long, densely pilose ; tube recurved ; teeth small, subequal, deltoid. Corolla tin. long; lips small. Stamens not exserted. Style finally exserted. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte! between Mpata and the commencement of the Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte! North Nyasa, Whyte ! 75. P. paniculatus, Baker. A much-branched, erect perennial herb, with slender branches, clothed with short deflexed hairs, Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 1—2 in. long, subacute, crenate, rounded at the base, thin, green and pilose on both surfaces. Cymes not umbellate, produced from the axils of large leaves on long slender peduncles ; pedicel of central flower j-1 in. long. Fruit-calyx } in. long, densely pilose; tube campanulate, teeth small, subequal, deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla } in. long ; tube cylindric; lips small. Stamens not exserted. Style finally exserted, forked at the tip. ,..Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland; Nyika Plateau, 6000— 1000 ft., Whyte, 200! Blantyre, in damp places, Buchanan, 105! 76. P. insolitus, 0. HW. Wright in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxxiv. 275, t. 6, figs. 7-8. A glabrous herb. Stem erect, slightly woody at the base, Striate when dry. Leaves alternate, linear or slightly falcate, acute, attenuate at the base, entire, 1} in. long, 1 lin. wide. Raceme ter- minal ; bracts alternate, rarely opposite, ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx campanulate, glandular outside ; upper lobe entire, broadly ovate; lower lobes narrowly triangular. Corolla-tube contracted near the base, campanulate above ; lower lip entire, glandular outside ; upper of 4 subequal obtuse teeth. Filaments very shortly connate at the base. Ovary when young deeply 4-lobed.—Symphostemon insolitus, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 867. Lower Guinea. Angola: Welwitsch, 1634, 5593 ! This species recedes from typical Plectranthus in having alternate leaves and very shortly connate filaments. It approaches Englerastrum, Briquet. Imperfectly known species. _ (7. PB. Marquesii, (iirke ex Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. 70. Stem erect, glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, »-6 in. long, 2 in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base, serrate, glabrous on both surfaces. Racemes lax, 4—5 in. long ; whorls distant, “flowered ; pedicels long. Calyx sparsely, very shortly pilose. South Central, Muato-lamoo ; undershrub in shade along the River Cuillo, marques, 197, 420 CII, LABIAT.E (BAKER). [ Plectranthus. 78. P. Coppini, Cornu in Comptes-rendus Acad. Paris, ¢Xxx. 1268, a species with edible tuberous roots from the Sudan, is at present a doubtful member of the genus. 14. SOLENOSTEMON, Schumach. et Thonn. ; Benth et Hook. f. Gen. Plant ii. 1175. Calyx slightly accrescent ; tube campanulate in the flowering stage, 10-ribbed ; upper tooth ovate, with decurrent edges ; lateral small ; lower oblong, as long as the upper. Corolla-tube cylindrical, dilated and deflexed at the throat; upper lip shorter ; lower long, oblong, deeply concave. Stamens 4, declinate; filaments filiform, united in a tube at the base ; anther-cells confluent. Disk glandular, style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid, smooth.—Erect herbs. Leaves ovate, crenate, long-petioled; whorls of flowers arranged in a long raceme or panicle ; bracts small. Flowers small, lilac. One of the species also Tropical American. Cymes simple, umbellate. Annual . . . . . . . . 1. S. oeymoides. Perennial. Leaves very small . . . 2. S. decumbens. Leaves not very small . . . . . 3. 8. calaminthoides. Cymes not umbellate. Stems short. Leaves membranous, pubescent . . . . 4. 8. zambesiacus. Leaves firm, glabrous . . . . . . 5. S. Mannii. Stems 10-12 ft. long. . . . . . 6. 8. eymosus. 1. S. ocymoides, Schumach. d: Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 271. An annual herb, with erect fragile branched slightly pubescent stems, 3—4 ft. long. Leaves nettle-like, long-petioled, ovate, crenate, mem- branous, slightly pubescent, the lower 3-4 in. long and broad. Whorls laxly disposed, simple, many-flowered, forming a raceme sometimes 1 ft. long ; pedicels pubescent, 4 in. long; bracts as long as the pedicels. Calyx finally 4 in. long; tube short, campanulate ; upper lip reflexed, orbicular, longer than the tube ; side teeth very small ; lower lip oblong, concave. Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx; lower lip } in. long.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 863. S. africanus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 181, in obs. S. ocimoides, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 68; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 149. Upper Guinea. Senegal, without collector’s name! Sierra Leone : Heddles Farm, open places in the bush, Scoff-Elliot, 3908! Welwitsch, 5579, 5580! French Guinea, near Salimania, Scott-Elliot, 5886! Ashanti, Cummins, 9! Lagos: Yoruba district, Moloney! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barfer, 1281! Lower Niger; Stirling Hill, Ansell! Cameroons: Rio del Rey, Johnston! Batanga, Bates, 117! Fernando Po, Barter! Mann, 404! Lower Guinea. island of St. Thomas, Mol/er, Angola: 15 miles from Ambriz, Mosteiro ! Solenostemon. | Cll. LABIATE (BAKER). 421] South Central. Congo Free State: Monbuttu; by the Kussumbo River, Schweinfurth, 3633! Var. monostachyus, Baker. Differs from the type by its more broadly ovate and more distinctly crenate leaves, more contiguous whorls of flowers, larger fruit-calyx, and smaller corolla. 8. smonostachyus, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 69 and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3A, 359. Ocimum inonostachyum, P. Beauv. Fl. Owar, ii. 60, t. 95, fig. 1. Plectranthus Palisoti, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 69. Upper Guinea. Benin, Beauvois. Niger Delta: (Grand Bassa, Vogel, 49! Nun River, Vogel, 8! Lower Guinea. Congo, Dewérre. South Central. Congo Free State : Lusambo, on the River Sankuru, Laurent. Also in Bahia. 2. S. decumbens, Juke. A perennial herb, with simple pube- scent flowering stems, ascending from a decumbent base. Leaves very small, ovate, crenate, distinctly petioled. Whorls simple, (—8-flowered ; pedicels arcuate, longer than the calyx; raceme simple, lax, 2—4 in. long; bracts minute. Calyx finally } in. long; tube short, campanu- ate; upper and lower lips oblong, subequal; side teeth very small. Corolla blue; tube little longer than the calyx; upper lip very short ; lower lip longer than the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip.— Plectranthus decumbens, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe, vii. 210; Engl. Hochgebirgsf. Trop. Afr. 359. Upper Guinea, Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 7000-8000 ft., Mann, 2002! Johnston, 79! 3. S. calaminthoides, Baker. A perennial herb, with slender ascending glabrous stems. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, nearly glabrous, 1-14 in. long, cuneate and entire at the base. Raceme lax, simple, terminal, 4—5 in. long; whorls remote, (—8-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, as long as the calyx. Fruit-calyx } in. long; tube short, campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, reflexed, longer than the tube ; side teeth minute; lower lip oblong, concave, as long as the tube. Corolla not seen. Upper Guinea. Gaboon River, Mann ! +. S. zambesiacus, Baker. A perennial herb, with the habit of Stachys sylvatica. Stems stout, square, pubescent. Leaves long- petioled, cordate-ovate, crenate, membranous, pubescent or subglabrous, the lower reaching a length of 4—5 in. Panicle moderately dense, narrow, terminal, 6-9 in. long; branches of short corymbose cymes ; edicels Sc ‘alvx finally 1 in. long; tube campanulate ; Pedicels long, pubescent. Calyx finally } Bo to an oblong liye upper tooth ovate ; lateral minute; lower fused i orolla } in, long. Mozamb. Dist, British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Ls? / between Shibisa and Tshinmuzo, 2000-4000 ft., Kirk! {22 CII. LABIATE (BAKER). [ Solenostemon. 5. S. Mannii, Baker. An herbaceous perennial, with erect stems, 3 ft. long, and firm glabrous branches. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, cuneate at the base, moderately firm, glabrous, 1-14 in. long. Inflorescence a lax, cylindrical, peduncled, terminal panicle 3-4 in. long, with slightly compound subsessile cymose branches; pedicels long, slender. Flower-calyx ,\, in. long, deeply bilabiate; upper lip ovate, reflexed ; lower oblong. Corolla 4 in. long ; lower lip longer than the tube.—Coleus Mannii, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 211; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 5000-6000 ft., Mann, 1967 ! 6. S. cymosus, Baker. Stems 10-12 ft. long, slender, square, glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, long-petioled, nearly or quite glabrous, the lower 3-4 in. long. Whorls distant, each composed of two lax cymes, arranged in a panicle reaching a foot in length; pedicels glabrous, 1-1 in. long, in fruit up to 5 lin.; bracts minute. Calyx finally } in. long; tube campanulate ; upper lip orbicular, reflexed ; lower oblong, concave. Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx, deflexed and dilated at the throat ; lower lip } in. long. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 1000-3000 ft., Mann, 1251! Schweinfurth’s No. 3596 from Monbuttu is probably a near ally, but our specimen does not show corolla and stamens. 15. COLEUS, Lour.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. ii. 1176. Calyx usually declinate in fruit; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate; 4 lower narrower, acute. Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx, deflexed about the middle ; throat funnel-shaped ; limb bilabiate; lower lip long, oblong, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, decli- nate; filaments united in a tube above their insertion in the throat of the corolla; anther-cells confluent. Disk produced into a gland on the lower side of the ovary. Style bifid at the apex. Nucules ovoid or subglobose, smooth.— Annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs. Leaves various in shape, petioled or sessile. Whorls of racemes usually simple, rarely compound. Flowers usually lilac, small ot middle-sized. Species 80-100, spread through the warmer regions of the Old World. “Cymes umbellate, arranged in a simple racemose panicle, Leaves sessile or subsessile. Perennial herbs. Leaves thin and not at all fleshy. Root without tubers. Leaves glabrous . . . . 1. C. aquaticus. Leaves pubescert . . . . . 2. C. glandulosus. Coleus. | Root bearing tubers . Leaves thick and rather fleshy Undershrub with woody branches Leaves distinctly petioled. t Herbs. Leaves thin and not at all fleshy. Leaves glabrous. Root tuberous Root not tuberous, Whorls many-flowered. Corolla red Corolla lilac Corolla yellow Whorls 2-Howered Leaves slightly pubescent, not bullate. Leaves elliptic or suborbicular. Bracts oblong Bracts ovate Leaves ovate. Lower whorls 12—15-flowered Lower whorls 8-flowered Leaves pubescent, bullate Leaves very hairy. Reot bearing small tubers Root not tuberous. Dwarf Not dwarf. Fruit-calyx } in. long Fruit-calyx 7 in. long Leaves thicker and more or less fleshy. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate . Leaves oblong or obovate Leaves ovate-rhomboid or ovate- lanceolate Leaves ovate. Leaves small . Leaves 1-2 in. long. Leaves crenate. Whorls 5-6-flowered. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx Corolla-tube longer than the calyx Whorls 6-10-flowered Whorls 12-flowered . Leaves deeply serrate . Leaves 2—4 in. long. Pedicels } in. long Pedicels 4-3 in. long. Fruit-calyx 2 in. long Fruit-calyx } in. long tT Undershrubs with woody branches. Leaves small. Leaves cuneate at the base. Corolla small . Corolla large . : Leaves rounded at the buse . CII. LABIATA (BAKER). OB 0 25 . 30. . C. gymnostomum. . 32. 3. C. cuneatus. . 34. 423 . C. edulis, . C. Kilimandschari. . C. comosus. C, salagensis. C. elatus. C. ruwenzoriensis. C. decurrens. C. leptophyllus. . C. Dupuisii. . C. Dewevret. . C. assurgens. . C. Penzigii. 5. C. bullulatus. . C. lanuginosus. . C. trichophorus. . C. barbatus. . C. gomphophyllus. . C. flavovirens. . O. Schinzit. 2. C. decumbens. . C. tetensis. . C. vestitus. . C. speciosus, 26. C. Schweinfurthii. . C. petersianus. . C. tricholobus. . C. ceruleus. C. Camporum. C. Welwitschii. C. amboinicus. 424 CII, LABIATE (BAKER). Leaves moderately large. Whorls few-flowered. Leaves nearly glabrous. Corolla nearly Lin, long. . . 35. Corolla 4 in. long . . . . 36. Leaves hairy on both sides . . 37. Whorls many-flowered. Racemes short . . . . . 38. Racemes moderately Jong. Lower calyx-teeth lanceolate . . 39. Lower caiyx-teeth deltoid. . . 40, Raceme very long . . . . . 41. { 42 Leaves unknown *“Cymes not strictly umbellate, arranged in a simple or slightly branched racemose or spicate panicle. Undershrubs with woody branches, Leaves ovate-elliptic . . . . . . 44, Leaves orbicular . . . : . . . 45, Herbs with tuberous roots. Leaves membranous . . . . . . 46 Leaves fleshy . . . . . . 47 Herbs with non-tuberous roots. Leaves oblong. . . . . . . 48 Leaves ovate. Leaves glabrous or subglabrous above. Fruit-calyx 2 in. long. . . . . 49. Fruit-calyx 5 in. long. . . . . 50 Leaves more or less pubescent. Leaves ses:ile . . . . . . 51 Leaves long-petioled. Lower calyx-teeth as long as the upper . 52. Lower calyx-teeth short, linear. . 53. Lower calyx-teeth short, lanceolate. . 54, Lower calyx-teeth short, broad. . . 55. Leaves densely soft, villons . . . . 56, Leaves suborbicular —. . . . . . 57. “="Cyimes stalked, not umbellate, arranged in a much- branched panicle. Sbrnbs with woody branches. Cymes short . . . . . . . 58. Cymes long. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute . . . . 59. Calyx-teeth ovate, obtuse . . . . . 60. Upper calyx-tooth ovate ; lower small, acute . OL. Herbs, Leaves oblong. . . . . - 62. Leaves oblong- lanceolate . . . . . 63. Leaves pubescent beneath . . . 64. Leaves clothed with white tomentum beneath . 65. Leaves ovate-oblong — . . . . . 66. Leaves ovate. Calyx very small . . . . . 67. [ Cole C. umbrosus. C. Mahoni. C. maranguensis. C. igniarius. C. ghindanus. C. Malinvaldit. C. maculatus. . C. aulihanensis, . ©. lasianthus. C. longipetiolatus. C. orbicularis, . C, latifolius. . C. dysentericus. . CO. nervosus. C. poggeanus, . OC. silvaticus. . C. flovibundus. garckeanus. . belonicoides. . alpinus. . Autrant. . Schweinfurthi te repens. aaagaa . nytkensis, . mirabilis. . thyrsoideus. Marq uesit. RAR A aconitiflorus. Briquetii. montanus. . leucophyllus, | membranaceus. QR RRARAaRHS mechowtanus. Coleus. | CI, LABIAT£ (BAKER). 425 Calyx medium-sized (1-} in, long). Leaves small. Lower calyx-teeth small. Corolla very small . . . . . 68. C. etevaldianus. Corolla + in. long . . . . . 69. C. concinaus. Lower calyx-teeth large. Annual . . . . . . 70. C. tenuicaulis. Perennial . . . . . . 71. C. cunenensis. Leaves medium-sized (13-3 in. long). Leaves glabrescent on both sides . . . 72. C. viridis. Leaves subglabrons above, pubescent below . 73. C. shirensis. Leaves pubescent on both sides. . . 74. C. scandens, Leaves glabrous above, pubescent and gland- dotted beneath . . ; ; . 75. C. dissitiflorus. Leaves large. Leaves glabrous . . . . . . 76. C, Preussti. Leaves pubescent . . . . . 77. C. punctatus. 1. C. aquaticus, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 218. A perennial herb, with stems 13-2 ft. long, glabrescent below, clothed upwards with long spreading glandular hairs. Leaves shortly petioled or subsessile, ovate, membranous, 2—3 in. long, 1-1 in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, serrate, quite glabrous on both sides. Panicle racemose, simple, terminal; whorls 8—10-flowered, the lower remote ; pedicels 1-1 in, long, clothed like the axis and calyx with long spread- ing glandular hairs ; bracts ovate, acute. Flower-calyx 1—{ in, long ; upper tooth ovate-lanceolate, acute ; edges not decurrent ; lateral rather shorter, lanceolate, acute; lowest as long as the upper, lanceolate, acuminate, Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 5000-7500 ft., Volkens, 583, 860, 2. C. glandulosus, //ook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 211. A branched herb, with erect pubescent slender stems 5-6 ft. long. Leaves Sessile or nearly sessile, ovate, crenate, pubescent, not at all fleshy, densely gland-dotted, 1-14 in. long. Panicles racemose, of few distant many-flowered globose whorls ; bracts small, foliaceous ; pedicels short. ruit-calyx } in. long, pilose ; upper tooth ovate ; 4 lower narrow, acute. Corolla }~} in. long; lips nearly or quite as long as the tube.— Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 2500 7000 ft., Mann, 1301! 1988! 3. C. edulis, Vuthe in Linnea, xxxvii. 319, A perennial herb, with the root-fibres thickened at the end into oblong tubers. Stems herbaceous, erect, pubescent, 2-3 ft. long, simple or slightly branched. Leaves sessile, oblong, membranous, crenate, slightly pubescent, 3-6 in. long. Whorls many-flowered, remote, forming a simple terminal race- mose panicle 5-6 in. long; pedicels pubescent, longer than the calyx. 426 Cll. LABIATE (BAKER). | Coleus. Calyx pubescent, $-} in. long; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; lower lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla above 4 in. long; lower lip deeply concave, oblong-navicular, nearly as long as the tube.—N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 11. (. tuberosus, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1. 185; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 360, non Benth. C. palustris and - C. rivularis, Vatke, 1. ec. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder; near Gafat, 5200 ft., Schimper, 1172! 1212! in marshes at Jan Meda, 8400 ft., Schimper, 1186! Province of Shire, near Kouaieta, Quartin-Dillon ; in the province of Godjam, Quartin-Dillon ; and without precise locality, Parkyns ! 4. ©. Kilimandschari, Giirke in Kngl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 359. A perennial, with branchlets villous when young, pubes- cent when mature. Leaves subsessile or shortly petioled, thick, fleshy, ovate-cuneate, deeply crenate, the lower 3-4 in. long, 2 in. broad, very hairy, canescent below. Panicles racemose, very long; whorls remote, subglobose, 6-10-flowered. Calyx densely clothed with white hairs; throat villous inside; upper tooth ovate; lower lanceo- jate-subulate. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, at Marangu, 4900 ‘t., Volkens, 427! Meyer, 377, and in forest at about 8000 ft., Weyer, 116. 5. C. comosus, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 183. An undershrub, with a woody main stem and short densely pubescent branches. Leaves sessile, obovate-cuneate, thick, fleshy, pubescent, crenate in the upper half; whorls aggregated into a short dense ter- minai spicate panicle; bracts small, orbicular, foliaceous; pedicels obsolete. Calyx hispid, } in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth small, ovate; lower lanceolate. Corolla nearly 1 in. long; tube very short ; lower lip very large, deeply concave.—Giirke in Engl. J ahrb. XIX. 212; C. spicatus, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 71, ex parte. C. caninus, Vatke in Linnea, xxxvii, 318 (excl. syn. Roth); Engl. Hochgebirgstl. Trop. Afr. 359. Nile Land. Eritrea : Chagali, 3200 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 1071! near Acrur, 6000 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 1339! Near Aidereso, 4000 ft., Schweun- JSurth & Riva, 2202! Abyssinia: Tigre ; Mount Semayata, 8000 ft., Schimper, 622. Mount Erareta, 11,300 ft., Schimper ; Mount Aber, near Jenansa, Schimper, 1328, in the province of Shire, Quartin-Dillon ; near Wadela Village in south-east Abyssinia, Steudner, 1422, and without precise locality, Schimper, 63 ! 6. C, salagensis, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 220, Root tuberous. Stems branched, pubescent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, mem- branous, ovate, 2-3 in. long, 1-1§ in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, nearly or quite glabrous on both sides, gland-dotted. Panicles racemose, lax, terminal; whorls 6—10-flowered ; bracts ovate ; pedicels 4-} in. long. Calyx pubescent, naked inside at the throat ; upper tooth round-ovate, acute; edges not decurrent; lateral very short, round, Coleus. | CII. LABIATE (BAKER). 427 obtuse; lower acuminate, connate, shorter than the upper. Corolla blue, $—} in. long. 6 Upper Guinea. Togoland: near Bismarckburg, Kling, 199, Bittner, 94, 90. This is known as the “ Salaga Potato” by the colonists. «. ©. elatus, Baker. A herb 5-6 ft. high, with pubescent stems. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, acute, crenate, membranous, nearly glabrous, 6 in. long, narrowed very gradually into a narrow wing to the petiole. Panicles racemose, very lax, simple, axillary and terminal, the end one reaching 8—9 in. long; whorls distant, many-flowered, pedicels short. Fruit-calyx } in. long; upper tooth ovate; lateral small cusps, lower large cusps. Corolla red, 4 in. long; lower lip deeply concave, as long as the tube. Upper Guinea. [Fernando Po, 2000 ft., Mann, 584! Lower Guinea. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1661! 8. C. ruwenzoriensis, Baker. Stem slender, erect, pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 2—3 in. long, acute, not cordate at the base, deeply crenate, membranous, thinly hairy on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, simple, very lax, axillary and terminal, the end one 6 in. long ; lower whorls 6—8-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, }—} in. long; bracts small, ovate. Fruit-calyx glabrescent, } in. long; tube cam- panulate ; upper tooth ovate-lanceolate, longer than the tube; 4 lower as long, lanceolate-cuspidate. Corolla lilac, } in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. Nile Land. British East Africa : Ruwenzori, in forest shade, 8000—10,000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7556! 7798! 9. ©. decurrens, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 215, Stems pubes- cent, 3-4 ft. long. Leaves petioled, oblong, membranous, 4—5 in. long, 2~21 in. broad, acute or acuminate, decurrent at the base, serrate, glabrous. Panicles racemose, branched at the base; whorls distant, 6-8-flowered ; cymes sessile; bracts lanceolate ; pedicels short, clothed, like the axis and calyx, with dense pubescence. Flower-calyx {—{ in. long, naked at the throat inside; upper tooth orbicular, obtuse ; margins scarcely decurrent ; lateral teeth deltoid, acuminate ; lower pair lanceo- late-subulate, longer than the upper. Corolla bright yellow. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: by the side of a brook, near Buea, 3000 ft., Preuss, 948. 10. CG. leptophyllus, Baker. Stems long, erect, slender, fragile, slightly pubescent. Leaves petioled, oblong, — membranous, deeply crenate, nearly glabrous, cuneate at the base, »—6 1n. long, 23-3 in. broad at the middle. Panicles racemose, lax, 6 in. long; flowers usually 2 in a whorl ; pedicels erecto-patent, } in. long. Flower-calyx } in. long ; fruit-calyx 1 in.; upper tooth ovate, shorter than the oblong tube; 4 lower as long, lanceolate. Corolla } in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Wile Land. British East Atrica ; collected in a journey from Ribi to the Galla Country, Wakefield ! Y y 428 Cll, LABIATA (BAKER). [ Coleus. 11. C. Dupuisii, Briguet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 70. A branched herb, with shortly pubescent quadrangular stems. Leaves shortly petioled, elliptic or suborbicular, 3-1 in. long, obtuse, crenate, dull green on both surfaces, with scattered crisped hairs above, glandu- lar-pubescent beneath. Panicle racemose, 3—4 in. long, lax except at the apex; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels ;}, in. long; bracts oblong. Fruit-calyx 4 in. long, pubescent; teeth as long as the tube; upper ovate ; lower acuminate. Corolla protruding 1—} in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip j4—} in. long—De Wild. & Dur. Hl. Fl. Congo, i. t. 26. Lower Guinea. [ower Congo : forest of Mayombe, Dupuis, 12. C. Dewevrei, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 71, A tall herb, with pubescent branches. Leaves shortly petioled, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1-24 in. long, obtuse, regularly and closely crenate, shortly pubescent above, slightly pubescent on the main ribs beneath. Panicle racemose, lax, 4-5 in. long; whorls many-flowered ; bracts small, ovate, deciduous; pedicels {1,4 in. long. Calyx finally $ in. long ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower acuminate. Corolla blue, protruding 4 from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip 4 in. long. o Lower Guinea. Congo, Dewévre, 10924, 13. C.assurgens, Baker. A perennial, with a decumbent base and long ascending simple or branched slightly pubescent fragile stems. Leaves petioled, broad ovate, crenate, membranous, obscurely pubescent, 13-2 in. long. Panicles racemose, long, lax, axillary and terminal, the end one 4-6 in. long ; lower whorls 12—15-flowered ; pedicels reaching 4-4 in.long. Fruit-calyx | in. long; upper lip ovate, shorter than the tube; 4 lower lanceolate, as long as the upper. Corolla above } 1m. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder, Schimper ! Habit of C. latifolius, Hochst. 14. ©. Penzigii, Dammann in Gartenfl. 1892, 525, A perennial herb, with stoutish steme, clothed with tine spreading white hairs. Leaves ovate, crenate, membranous, finely hairy, especially below, nat rowed suddenly to a petiole which is winged down to the base, the lower 3-4 in, long. Whorls simple, lax, 8-flowered, forming a lax Jong race- mose panicle; bracts small, deciduous; pedicels unequal, hairy, the longest 1-1 in. long Calyx } in. long ; tube campanulate, very hairy ; teeth deltoid, longer than the tube, the two lateral ones smaller than the others. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip deeply cymbiform, bright lilac, } in. long. Stamens included in the lower lip. —Gard. Chron, xiv. (1893) 616; Notizb. Konig. bot. Gart. Berlin, 1895, 7. Wile Land. Eritrea: Chagali, 3200 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 1070! Acrur, 6000 ft., Schweinfurth G& Riva, 1230! cultivated specimen, Penzig ! Described from a plant that flowered at Kew in November 1893. long; bracts ovate-cuspidate, pubescent, deciduous. Coleus. | CI. LABIATE (BAKER). 429 15, GC. bullulatus, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Bely. xxxvii. 6. Stem thinly clothed with short crisped pubescence. Leaves petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, crenate, pubescent on both surfaces, bullate. Cymes subsessile, forming a lax racemose panicle 5-6 in. long ; pedicels finally 4—} in. long ; bracts deciduous. Flower- calyx £ in. long; upper tooth broadly ovate, with decurrent edges ; lateral small, obtuse ; lower lip broad, membranous, emarginate. Corolla protruded 4 in. from the throat of the calyx ; tube declinate ; lower lip 4 in. long. Stamens not exserted.—Solenostemon bullatus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix, 180, South Central. Congo Free State: Lunda ; Lulua River, Pogge, 356, 16. C. lanuginosus, /ochst.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 79. Root bearing small tubers. Stem long, erect, branched, fragile, pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate, membranous, crenate, densely pubescent, 2—3 in. long. Panicle racemose, long, lax, simple, axillary and terminal, the end one 6-8 in. long ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels as long as the fruit- calyx, Fruit-calyx densely hairy, } in. long ; upper tooth large, ovate, 4 lower large, lanceolate. Corolla } in. long; lower lip as long as the tube.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 184; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxix. 137; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 360; N. E. Br, in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 11. ©. albidus, Vatke in Linnea, xxxvii. 321; Engl. lc. 361, Nile Land. Eritrea: Saganeiti, on the north side towards Selet, 6500-7100 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 1184! ‘Abyssinia: Tigre; near Adowa, Schimper, 1915! Amba Sea, 6500 ft., Schimper, 251 ; Begemeder ; Mettaro, 800 ft., Schimper, 347! near Magdaia, Steudner, 13891; Mount Erareta, 11,700 ft., Schimper ; Aman Eski, Schimper, 342 ; Samen; Ghaba, Steudner, 1391 ; province of Shire, Quartin-Dillon ; and without precise locality, Quartin-Dillon & Petit, 3! British East Africa: Unyoro, Speke § Grant, 588! 17. C. trichophorus, Briguet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. 130, A dwarf little-branched herb. Stems very hairy, creeping at the base, then suddenly ascending. Leaves ovate, obtuse, 2-3 in. long, rounded at the base, membranous, crenate-dentate, with scattered short hairs on both sides. Panicle racemose, 5-6 in. long; whorls distant ; pedicels {—} in. long, glandular-pubescent ;_ bracts deciduous. Calyx campanulate, at first 1 in., finally Lin. long; tube very villous; teeth subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla }—} in. longer than the calyx. . . ; Wile Land. Abyssinia: Aman Eski Mountain, 6500 ft., Schimper, 342 of 1854 collection. Near C. lanuginosus, Hochst. 18. C. barbatus, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 71. An erect perennial 2—4 ft. high, with woody main stems and pubescent br mene re es petioled, ovate or oblong, obtuse, crenate, cuneate at the nase 7 a long, very pubescent on both sides. Panicle racemose, lax, simple, 5—1 ft. : te ye long; whorls fl d: pedicels hairy, pubescent, reaching { In. 10rls many-flowere , ur 1 e. y iP Fruit-calyx ¢ in. 430 CII, LABIATE (BAKER). [ Coleus. long, pubescent, campanulate; upper tooth suborbicular, mucronate, as long as the tube; 4 lower small cusps. Corolla bright blue, } in. long; lower lip as long as the tube.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. il. 183; Wight, Ic. t. 1432; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 137 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 625; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 359; N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 10. C. Forskohlii, var. adoensis, Briquet in Aun. Jard. Genév. ii. (1898) 235. Plectranthus barbatus, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 594. Ocimum cinereum, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss., App. 64. Nile Land. Nubia: Erkowit Mountain, near Snakin, Schweinfurth, 229! Eritrea: Ginda, 3000 ft., Schweinfurth, 390! Bogos; Atirba, near Keren, Steudner, 1392! Lalasse Mountain, near Keren, Sfeudnerv, 1400. Abyssinia: Tigre; near Adowa, Schimper, 333! Mount Sholoda, 7000 ft., Schimper, 284; province of Wojerat, Petit! and without precise locality, Schimper, 502! Plowden! British East Africa : Uganda ; in cultivated ground, Wilson, 124! Mozamb. Dist. (rerman East Africa: Unyamwezi; Mininga, Speke § Grant, 73! Also in Tropical Asia. Var. Schimperi, Baker. A low alpine form, with very woody main stems and shortly densely pubescent branches, leaves, and flowers.—C. Schimperi, Vatke in Linnea, xxxvii. 320; Engl. 1. c. 360. C. rupestris, Hochst. in Schimp. Pl. Abyss. No. 2172. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Tigre ; summit of Mount Semayata, 9800 ft., Schimper, 618! and without precise locality, Schimper, 41! 19. C. gomphophyllus, Boker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 225. A perennial herb, with densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves petioled, obovate-cuneate, the lower 14-2 in. long, shallowly crenate, membra- nous, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, long, iax ; whorls ebracteate, 10—12-flowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, finally } in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper lip ovate, the others lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx; upper lip small; lower oblong, 4-5 lin. long. Stamens not exserted beyond the lower lip. Wile Land. British Somaliland : Golis range, Mrs, E. Lort-Phillips ! _ 20. ©. flavovirens, Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 347. Stem villous, with jointed hairs. Leaves petioled, lanceolate or oblong, narrowed to the base, acute, crenate, moderately thick, yellowish-green, pubescent and furnished with yellow glands on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, dense, terminal; bracts ovate, acuminate, villous; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx accrescent, villous outside and at the throat inside; upper tooth suborbicular, the others subulate, subequal. Corolla violet. Mozamb.- Dist. Kilimanjaro: near Lake Chala, 3000 ft., Volkens, 1771. 21. Cc. Schinzii, Giirke in Bull. Herb, Boiss. vi. 555, A tall herb, with a simple or slightly branched rather thick stem, clothed with long spreading hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong or obovate, the lower Coleus. } CII. LABIAT£ (BAKER). 431 above 2 in, long, narrowed to the base, entire or obscurely toothed, fleshy, glabrescent or pubescent on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, long, simple ; whorls 6—10-flowered ; bracts broad, acute, ciliate, projecting beyond the buds ; pedicels lin. long. Fruit-calyx hispid, 4—} in. long; throat villous inside; upper tooth broadly ovate; lower lanceolate- subulate. Lower Guinea. (erman South-west Africa: Ambo-land, Schinz, 56. 22. ©. decumbens, Giirke in Mngl. Jahrb. xix. 211. Perennial. Stems stoloniferous, decumbent at the base, pubescent. Leaves small, thick, fleshy, petioled, the lower rhomboid-ovate, the upper ovate-lanceo- late, }-1 in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, deeply crenate-dentate, pubescent on both sides. Panicles racemose, dense, terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves; flowers few in a whorl ; bracts broadly ovate, obtuse, fleshy, deciduous; pedicels pubescent, } in. long. Calyx sub- hispid ; throat hairy inside ; upper tooth round, apiculate, } in. long, the edges scarcely decurrent; the others subequal, lanceolate-deltoid, ciliate. Corolla-tube bent down; lower lip violet, much narrowed to the base ; upper blue outside, white and spotted inside. 5 Nile Land. British East Africa: Duruma district, near Txamtei, Hildebrandt, 2320. Mozamb. Dist. (terman East Africa: Kilimanjaro ; on the stony ridge of the crater at Lake Chala, 3000 ft., Volkens, 327 ! 23. ©. tetensis, Baker. A perennial herb, with short slender ascending, slightly pubescent stems. Leaves small, fleshy, aromatic, ovate-cuneate, crenate, slightly pubescent. Panicles spicate, simple, 1-3 in, long, moderately dense; pedicels obsolete. Fruit-calyx } in. long, slightly pubescent ; tube campanulate; upper tooth orbicular, mucronate, longer than the tube; 4 lower as long, lanceolate. Corolla 2 in. long. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi ; near Tete, Kirk ! 24. C. vestitus, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 224, A perennial herb, with branchlets densely clothed with white spreading hairs. Leaves petioled, ovate, 1-14 in. long, crenate, moderately thick, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, long, lax; whorls 5~6- flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx ; bracts small, ovate, foliaceous. Calyx pubescent, finally 1—1 in. long; tube campanulate ; teeth as long as the tube; upper ovate, the others lanceolate. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx; upper lip small, orbicular ; lower oblong-unguiculate, }-4 in. long. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Nile Land. British Somaliland; Golis range, 3000 ft., Miss Edith Cole ! Urs, Lort-Phiilips ! 25. GC. speciosus, Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1899, 64. A perennial herb, Stem covered with white hairs. Leaves distinctly petioled, thick, fleshy, oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-3 in. long including the petiole, 432 Ci, LABIATE (BAKER). [ Coleus. serrate or crenate, narrowed to the base, hairy on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, long; whorls 5—6-flowered, the lower nearly 1 in. apart; pedicels glandular-hairy, }~} in. long; bracts ovate. Calyx in fruit } in. long; upper tooth ovate, acuminate; lower lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla purple, nearly 1 in. long; tube longer than the calyx; upper lip small, reflexed ; lower much larger. Stamens included in the lower lip of the corolla. Nile Land. British Somaliland: Waggar Mountains, Mrs. 2. Lort-Phillips. 26. G. Schweinfurthii, Baker. An erect perennial herb, with densely pilose stem. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-14 in. long, thick but not fleshy, obscurely crenate, not cordate at the base, densely pilose on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, simple, very lax, sometimes 1 ft. long; pedicels pubescent, J} in. long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, 1 in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower lanceolate, not longer. Corolla } in. long ; lower lip longer than the tube. Stamens not exserted. Nile Land. Eritrea: Magod Valley, 4500 ft., Schweinfurth § Riva, 1810! 27. C. petersianus, Vatke in Linnea, x1. 180. An erect perennial herb 2 ft. high, with stems glandular-villous upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, shortly acuminate, subacute, crenate, reticulato-rugose, 2 in. long, above 1 in. broad, broadly rounded at the base, subglabrous above, hairy on the veins beneath. Panicles racemose, long, simple ; whorls lax, 12-flowered; pedicels long, spreading; bracts deciduous. Calyx declinate, pubescent; upper tooth ovate, subacute; Jateral minute, truncate ; lower short, acute, nearly cuneate to the tip. Corolla searcely inflated at the throat. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese Kast Africa : Rio de Sena, in damp soil, Peters. Near C. scutellarioides, Benth, (Bot. Mag. t. 1446.) 28. C. tricholobus, Giirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix. 220. Stems pubescent. Leaves broadly ovate, shortly petioled, fleshy, 1-14 in. long and nearly as broad, obtuse, narrowed to the petiole, deeply serrate, densely tomentose on both sides. Panicles racemose, long ; whorls 6—10- flowered ; pedicels short, pubescent. Calyx densely hairy and glandular- pubescent ; upper tooth lanceolate, acute; edges not decurrent ; lateral nearly twice as long (1 in.), subulate; lower shorter than the lateral, subulate. Corolla-tube detlexed. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara ; on hills near Mlalo, Holst, 455. 2). C. coeruleus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix, 217, Stem rooting at the base, glabrescent below, pubescent above. Leaves shortly petioled, broad, ovate, fleshy, 2—3 in. long, obtuse or subacute, narrowed to the base, deeply serrate, glabrous or pubescent on both sides. Panicles racemose, lax, terminal; whorls 6—10-flowered, sessile, simple 5 bracts oblong-linceolate ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx pubescent, Coleus. | CII. LABIATH (BAKER). 433 3 in. long; upper tooth round-ovate, apiculate ; edges not decurrent ; lateral teeth lanceolate, as long as the upper; lower longer, lanceolate, very acuminate. Corolla blue, more than twice the length of the calyx. Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Usambara; Kwa Mshuza, 2000 ft., Holst, 8895! 30. ©, Camporum, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix.214. Stems 3-4 ft. long, glabrescent below, pubescent upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, fleshy, broadly ovate, 3-4 in. long, 14-21 in. broad, obtuse or subacute, narrowed to the base, irregularly and deeply crenate, pubescent above, tomentose below. Inflorescence racemose, simple, terminal; whorls remote, 6—10-flowered ; bracts broadly ovate or orbicular, acuminate ; pedicels 43 in. long, clothed, like the calyx and axis, with long spreading hairs. Fruit-calyx 4 in. long; upper tooth round, obtuse ; edges slightly decurrent; the other teeth subequal, rather shorter than the upper, lanceolate-deltoid, acute, the lateral pair rather broader than the lower pair, which are not connate. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: at the foot of Rhinoceros Hill, near the ford of the Pangani, 2500 ft., Volkens. 31. C. gymnostomus, Giirke in Hngl. Jahrb. xix.212. Perennial. Branches tomentose. Leaves distinctly petioled, thick, ovate, narrowed to the base, 2-21 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, obtuse or acuminate, crenate, subtomentose on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, terminal only ; whorls 6—10-flowered ; pedicels } in. long, clothed like the axis with Spreading whitish hairs. Calyx } in. long; tube broad, short, tomentose outside, naked within; upper tooth orbicular-cuspidate, with shortly decurrent edges ; the others lanceolate, acuminate. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: without precise locality, Fischer, 333. 32. C. Welwitschii, Briguet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 185. A shrub, with trailing woody main stems and pubescent ascending branches. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, with a cuneate base, obtuse, crenate, densely pubescent, 1-1} in. long. Inflorescence racemose, long, lax, simple ; whorls globose, many-flowered ; pedicels short ; bracts ovate, acuminate, protruding beyond the young flowers. Flower-calyx } in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower tooth ovate, much shorter, Corolla 4-1 in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. 55 Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5585! 89 ! 33. CG, cuneatus, Puker f. in Journ. Bot. 1899, 64. Stems erect, Woody, clothed with red or fulvous pubescence. Leaves shortly petioled, cuneate or cuneate-oyate, 4-14 in. long, coriaceous, serrate or crenate upwards, entire near the base, minutely bullate beneath. Whorls simple ; lower nearly 1 in. apart; pedicels pubescent, longer than the flower-calyx. Calyx hairy ; upper tooth ovate, acute; lower triangular, VOL. v, 434 Cll. LABIATE (BAKER). [ Coleus. acuminate. Corolla hairy; tube longer than the flower-calyx; upper lip recurved ; lower navicular, }—} in. long. Stamens as long as or longer than the lower lip of the corolla. Wile Land. British Somaliland: Waggar Mountains, Mrs, Lort-Phillips. 34. C. amboinicus, Lour., var. violaceus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 210. Stems shrubby at the base ; branches thick, fleshy, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute, 1-2 in. long, rounded at the base, crenate, pubescent on both sides. Infloreseence racemose, long, lax, simple; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels short ; bracts ovate, acuminate. Calyx small, pubescent, campanulate, scarcely accrescent ; upper tooth ovate-oblong, the others setaceous. Corolla violet or blue-violet, $ in. long.—C. aromaticus, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 72; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1520; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 625; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 865. Lower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, 5556 ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro ; on the ridge of the crater at Lake Chala, 3000 ft., Volkens, 321! Usambara ; at the foot of Rhinoceros Hill, by the ford of the Pangani, 2600 ft., Volzens, 487. Also Tropical Asia. 35. C. umbrosus, Vatke in Linnea, xliii. 91. A shrub, with woody stems and pubescent branchlets. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, membranous, nearly glabrous, 2—3in. long. Panicle racemose, moderately dense, the end branch 5-6 in. long; whorls few-flowered ; pedicels very short. Fruit-calyx 4} in. long; tube curved, campanu- late, very gibbous on the lower side, pubescent, strongly ribbed ; upper tooth ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; 4 lower teeth large linear- subulate cusps. Corolla nearly 1 in. long; lower lip deeply concave, as long as the tube.— Dewévre in Comptes rendus Soe. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 105. Wile Land. British East Africa: Taita; Ndara, Hildebrandt, 2424, and at Mwatate, 2000 ft., Johnston! Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2743! Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa: Usambara; Kwa Mshuza, Holst, 9159! Kilimanjaro ; at Kwa Ngowe, Volkens, 357! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Descamps. 36. GC. Mahonii, Baker. A shrub with finely pubescent slender branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, distinctly crenate, membranous, green and nearly glabrous above, paler and finely pubescent beneath. Inflorescence race- mose, simple, lax; whorls 3—-4-flowered ; pedicels }—} in. long; bracts foliaceous, as long as the pedicels. Calyx } in. long, nearly glabrous; tube campanulate; teeth lanceolate, unequal, as long as the tube. Corolla lilac, } in. long; tube cylindrical; lips much shorter than the tube. Stamens shortly exserted. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Mahon! Described from a living plant raised from seeds sent by Mr. J. Mahon, which flowered at Kew in December, 1899. _ 37, ©, maranguensis, (iirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 216. A shrub, with hairy branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, membranous, suborbicular Coleus. } CII. LABIATE (BAKER). 435 or broadly ovate, 1-2 in. long, subobtuse, narrowed to the base, serrate, clothed with adpressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, long, terminal ; whorls remote, lax, few-flowered ; pedicels }—4 in. long, clothed, like the axis and calyx, with very long fine glandular hairs; bracts ovate. Calyx } in. long; throat naked inside; upper tooth ovate, acute ; edges shortly decurrent; other teeth lanceolate, acute. Corolla- tube deflexed ; lower lip long, boat-shaped. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; near Marangu, 5000 ft., Volkens, 630. 38. C. igniarius, Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 121. Shrubby, with thick terete woody branches, without leaves at the time of flower- ing. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, subacute, deeply crenate, 2 in. long, Subglabrous above, pubescent beneath. Whorls 3-5, approximate ; lowest 10-15-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, finally 1 in. long. Calyx zz in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate ; lower teeth shorter, deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla above 4 in. long. Stamens longer than the lower lip, recurved. Nile Land. Eritrea: Arrot Valley, 4300 ft., Schweinfurth & Riva, 1122! 1398! Abyssinia: on mountains near Debli-Dikeno, 4000 ft., Schimper. Introduced into cultivation by Dr. Schweinfurth in 1894, 39. C. ghindanus, Schweinf. Pl. Abyss. Sept. Hxsicc, No. 2149, An undershrub, with pubescent woody branchlets. Leaves produced after the flowers, distinctly petioled, ovate, 2 in. long, irregularly crenate, not cordate at the base, rather fleshy, green and thinly pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, lax, moderately long (the end branch 5-6 in. long); whorls umbellate, many-flowered ; pedicels slender, rigid, erecto-patent, pubescent, finally 4—-} in. long. Fruit- calyx pubescent, 4 in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate ; lower rather longer, lanceolate-cuspidate. Corolla in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Nile Land. Eritrea: in the great valley of Ginda, 3000-4200 ft., Schwein- furth, 2149! 40. ©. Malinvaldi, Briquet in Ann. Jard. Genév. ii. (1898) 240. A shrub, destitute of leaves at the flowering time, with divaricate branches and brown bark. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, subobtuse, 1-2 in. long, fleshy, obscurely toothed, green and pubescent on both sides. Whorls 6—10-flowered, 2—6 in a racemose panicle ; pedicels long, finely pubescent ; bracts minute, deciduous. Calyx campanulate, § in. long in flower; upper lip ovate, obscurely cuspidate, not cecurrent ; lower teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla 3 in. longer than the a yx5 lower lip } in. long.—Plectranthus Malinvaldi, Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii, 125. Nile Land. Abyssinia: 1854 collection, at Debli-Dikeno, 3500-4500 ft., Schimper, 529 of 436 CII. LABIATE (BAKER). [ Coleus. 41. C. maculatus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 210. A shrub with hairy branches. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate or sub- rhomboid, 3-4 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, narrowed to a short petiole, obtuse, irregularly and deeply crenate, subtomentose on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, very long; whorls remote, 6-10- flowered ; bracts ovate, subobtuse; pedicels { in. long, like the axis and calyx clothed with long spreading hairs. Fruit-calyx } in. long ; tube short ; throat densely hairy inside; upper tooth ovate, acute, with flat shortly decurrent edges; the others lanceolate. Corolla blue; tube bent down ; lower lip long. Mozamb, Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro ; near Marangu, 5000 ft., Volkens, 429, 42. C. aulihanensis, Schweinf. ¢ Volk. Liste Pl. Somalis, 12. A shrub 7-8 ft. high, with fleshy rather thick branches, without leaves at the time of flowering. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, subsessile, glanduloso-villous; whorls 4-5, approximate, 8-flowered 3 flowers strongly scented; pedicels }—3 in. long. Calyx finally } in. long ; upper tooth broadly ovate; lower subulate. Corolla above 1 in. long ; lower lip large, acute, villous. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Nile Land. Somaliland: in the country of the Aulihan tribe, Ghika. Near C. igniarius, Schweinf, 43. C. lasianthus, Guirke in Engl. Jahrb, xix. 212. Perennial. Stems villous. Leaves unknown. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, dense ; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, obtuse, villous, thick, nearly } in. long; pedicels adpressed to the axis, villous, shorter than the calyx. Calyx } in. long, villous outside and at the throat inside ; tube broad, short; upper tooth round-apiculate, the edges scarcely decurrent; the rest subequal, deltoid, acute. Corolla-tube curved ; lower lip much narrowed to the base. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Irangi district, Fischer, 507. Allied to C, comosus and C. decumbens, 44, C. longipetiolatus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 214. An undershrub, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, ovate- elliptic, 4-5 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, deeply serrate, ciliate, glabrous except on the principal ribs. Inflorescence racemose, lax, terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves; whorls few- flowered; bracts small, linear ; pedicels 4-4 in. long, clothed like the axis with brown pubescence. Fruit-calyx } in. long ; tube short, broad ; upper tooth deltoid-ovate, acuminate; edges scarcely decurrent ; latera teeth lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate ; lowest lanceolate, acuminate, connate downwards. Corolla-tube bent down; lower lip long, eymbi- form. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; at Kwa Mshuza, 5000 ft., Holst, 9076! Near C. garckeanus, Vatke. Coleus. | CII. LABIATH (BAKER). 437 45. ©. orbicularis, Baker. A shrub 4 ft. high. Stems stout, woody, densely pubescent. Leaves petioled, orbicular, fleshy, crenate, slightly pubescent, 3-4 in. longand broad. Panicle racemose; branches few, dense, the end one 5-6 in. long; rhachis densely villous; cymes many-flowered, slightly compound ; pedicels reaching } in. long. Fruit- calyx 4 in. long, densely pubescent ; teeth small; upper ovate; lower lanceolate. Corolla hairy, 3 in. long. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Benguella, Welwitsch, 5619! 46. C. latifolius, Hochst.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 74. Root tuberous, Stems erect, simple, fragile, pubescent, 1 ft. long. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, membranous, pubescent, 1-3 in. long, cuneate at the base. Inflorescence racemose, lax, simple, 4—6 in. long ; cymes sessile, many-flowered, dense, slightly compound; pedicels as long as the calyx. Fruit-calyx } in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth large, ovate; lateral shorter, orbicular; 2 lower acute, connate high up. Corolla } in. long ; lower lip longer than the tube.—A. Rich. Tent, Fl. Abyss. ii. 184; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. Wile Land. Abyssinia: Samen ; in fissures of rocks near Gapdia, 4000-7000 ft., Schimper, 825! Gafta, Schimper, 1228! Begemeder; near Sanka Berr, 7500 ft., Schimper, 1225! In the province of Shire, Quartin-Dillon, and without precise locality, Schimper, 645 ! Var. madiensis, Baker. Stems branched. Leaves smaller, truncate at the base. Cymes laxer, Calyx smaller,—C. latifolius, Oliv. in Trans, Linn. Soc, xxix, 187. Nile Land. British East Africa: Madi, common, Speke & Grant! Perhaps a species distinct from the Abyssinian plant. 47. ©. dysentericus, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 10. Root globose, tuberous. Stem short, stout, erect, glabrous. Leaves petioled, fleshy, oblong, obtuse, shallowly crenate, glabrous, 1-2 in. long, narrowed very gradually to the petiole. Inflorescence racemose, very lax, 3-0 in. long; whorls distant, globose, sessile, slightly compressed ; pedicels short, pubescent. Flower-calyx ;}, in. long, pubescent ; tube campanu- late ; upper tooth large, ovate; lower teeth small, deltoid. Corolla t in, long, hairy outside. Upper Guinea. Lagos: Yoruba, Barter, 846! Cultivated and used in cases of dysentery under the name of “ Krodyn.” _ 48. C. nervosus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 185. A tall herb, With ascending pilose branches. Leaves petioled, oblong, 1-2 in. long, subobtuse, narrowed to the base, regularly crenate, green on both surfaces, pubescent especially beneath. Inflorescence racemose, 2-4 in. long; cymes nearly sessile; pedicels very short; bracts deciduous. Calyx in flower 4 lin., in fruit 1-1 in. long ; upper tooth ovate ; lateral teeth small ; lower lanceolate, connate downwards. Corolla protruding } in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip small, minutely 3-lobed ; lower din, long, Stamens included. South Central. Congo Free State: Kasongo; near the Lomami River, Pogge, 438 CII. LABIATA (BAKER). { Coleus. 49, C. poggeanus, Briguet in Hnyl. Jahrb. xix. 182. A tall herb, with slightly pilose branches. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, above 1 in. long, acute, rounded at the hase, regularly crenate, green and subglabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, 6 in. long, lax downwards; lower cymes very shortly peduncled ; pedicels zz—t in. long; bracts lanceolate, more or less persistent. Fruit-calyx 4 in. long; upper tooth ovate, shortly decurrent ; lateral teeth truncate ; lower acuminate. Corolla protruding } in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip very small ; lower } in. long. Stamens not exserted. South Central. Congo Free State: Lunda ; Mussumla, Pogge, 364. 50. CG. silvaticus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 213. Stems erect, branched, glabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, membranous, ovate, 1-1} in. long, rounded or narrowed at the base, acuminate, deeply serrate, glabrous above, pubescent when young beneath. Inflorescence race- mose, branched ; whorls remote, 8—14-flowered ; cymes sessile or shortly peduncled ; pedicels 4} in. long, pubescent like the axis. Upper tooth of the calyx round-ovate, obtuse ; edges slightly decurrent ; lateral teeth shorter, oblong, obtuse or cuspidate; lower very long (4 in.) subulate, connate downwards. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara; on the border of the forest of tall trees, Holst, 3704, 3708. 51. C. floribundus, Baker. An erect perennial herb, with shortly pubescent stems. Leaves sessile, ovate, acuminate, deeply crenate, membranous, pubescent, those at the base of the panicle 2 in. long. Inflorescence a lax ample panicle, above 1 ft. long, with ascending branches, slightly compound downwards ; pedicels ,1,—} in. long, densely pubescent. Flower-calyx densely pubescent, 4 in. long; teeth sub- equal, as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla 3 in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. Nile Land. Abyssinia: without precise locality, Schimper, 21 of 1853 collec- tion ! 52. C. garckeanus, Vatke in Linnea, xxxvii. 323. A tall herb, with erect fragile pubescent stems. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, acute, deeply crenate, membranous, 4—5 in. long, slightly hairy on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, lax, cylindrical, 1 ft. long; cymes many- flowered, distant, sessile, slightly compound ; pedicels pubescent, some- times $-} in. long. Flower-calyx 4-} in. long; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; 4 lower teeth as long, lanceolate. Corolla nearly 1 in. long ; lower lip longer than the tube.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr, 361. Nile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder; in the valley of the River Reb and on the surrounding mountains, 7000-8000 ft., Schimper, 1193 ! 53. C. betonicoides, Baker. Stem erect, branched, shortly pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, crenate, cuneate at the base, not very thin, 1-2 in. long, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, 8-9 in. long ; whorls distant, dense, globose, sessile, slightly Coleus. | CII. LABIAT# (BAKER). 439 compound ; pedicels reaching }in. long, Flower-calyx pubescent, } in. long ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; lateral teeth oblong, as long as the upper ; lower short, linear. Corolla } in. long; lower lip as long as the tube.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 866. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5612! 54. C. alpinus, Vathe in Linnea, xxxvii. 322. Stem 3 ft. long, herbaceous, erect, shortly pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate, acuminate, crenate, 3-4 in. long, truncate at the base. Inflorescence racemose, dense upwards ; cymes shortly peduncled ; pedicels as long as the fruit- calyx, Calyx with an ovate upper tooth; lower teeth short, lanceolate. Corolla 5 times the length of the calyx.—Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr, 361, Nile Land. Abyssinia: Begemeder; on mountains at Edda Jesus, near Debra Tabor, 9000 ft., Schimper. 99. ©. Autrani, Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boiss, ii. 129. An erect herb, with long simple stems, obscurely pubescent upwards, Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, membranous, 3-4 in. long, slightly hairy. Inflorescence racemose, long, dense upwards, lax in the lower half ; whorls many-flowered, dense, sessile, slightly compound ; pedicels } in. long. Flower-calyx pubescent, } in, long; upper tooth ovate; lower teeth short, broad. Corolla ? in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Nile Land. Abyssinia: without precise locality, Schimper, 693 of 1853 col- lection ! 96. C. Schweinfurthii, Vatke in Linnea, xxxvii. 323 in obs. Nearly allied to @. latifolius, from which it differs by its creeping root- stock, in its leaves round-ovate, deeply crenate, truncate at the base, and in its densely softly villoso-lanate and longer pedicels.—Engl. Hoch- gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. Nile Land. Eritrea: Habab; on basaltic hills, 4500-7000 ft., Hildebrandt, 438. Abyssinia : Bellaka, 6000-7000 ft., Schimper. 57. C. repens, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 213. Stems creeping at the base, rooting at the nodes, pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, membranous, suborbicular, 4-1 in. long and broad, rounded or narrowec to the base, obtuse, deeply crenate, subglabrous or with a few adpresse hairs on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, very short ; whorls remote, 4—6-flowered ; cymes shortly stalked ; bracts ovate, subacute; pedicels a-} in, long, pubescent like the calyx. Calyx naked inside at the throat, above } in, long in fruit; upper tooth broadly ovate, obtuse, its edges not decurrent ; lateral teeth shorter, oblong, subacute ; ower very long, subulate; connate downwards. Corolla whitish, with a purple lower lip. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: in forest near Buea, 4000 ft., Preuss, 949, 58. C. nyikensis, Buker. A much-branched erect low under: shrub, with pubescent woody branches. Leaves contemporary with i re flowers, shortly petioled, very small, ovate, obtuse, entire, not cordate 440 Cl. LABIATA (BAKER). _ | Coleus. at the base, thick and rather fleshy, 5-nerved from the base, pilose principally on the ribs beneath. Inflorescence racemose, dense, oblong, 1-14 in. long; whorls many-flowered; cymes distinctly peduncled ; pedicels short, pubescent. Fruit-calyx pubescent, 4 in. long ; tube campanulate; teeth small; upper tooth ovate ; lower teeth not larger, lanceolate. Corolla pubescent, } in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte ! 59. C. mirabilis, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 183. A tall shrub, with robust branches clothed with grey down. Leaves petioled, lanceo- late, 2-3 in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, regularly crenate, green and pubescent above, clothed with white tomentum beneath. Inflores- cence racemose, long; whorls close, peduncled; bracts chartaceous, ovate, acuminate, imbricate in bud. Calyx violet, } in. long in the flowering stage; tube campanulate; upper tooth lanceolate, the others short, ovate-lanceolate. Corolla dark blue, protruding above 4 in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip } in. long. Stamens included or shortly exserted. Lower Guinea. Angola: at Lumsuneya Brook, between Malange and the River Kuango, Mechow ; in a swamp at Malange, Mechow, 489; in a moorland waste below Moma, near Malange, Buchner, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85. South Central. Congo Free State; Lunda; by the Lulua River, Pogge, 350. Briquet, ]. c. 184, describes 4 varieties—viz., mechowianus (Mechow, no number) ; poggeanus (Pogge, 350) ; hypisodontus (Mechow, 489) ; and buchnerianus (Buchner, $1 to 86). 60. C, thyrsoideus, Baker ex Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 7672. A leafy much-branched perennial undershrub, 2—3 ft. high. Stem, petioles and inflorescence sparsely pubescent with spreading hairs. Lower leaves up to 7 by 4 in., ovate-cordate, acuminate, bright green above, paler beneath with prominent pubescent nerves, decurrent at the base; petiole 2 in. long ; upper leaves smaller, more deeply cleft, shorter petioled. Inflorescence racemose, terminal on the branches, narrow, erect, 6-10 in. long; branchlets short, bearing dense-flowered dicho- tomous cymes of 10-15 shortly pedicelled flowers ; bracteoles minute, green. Calyx very small; tube subglobose, hispidulous with stellately spreading hairs; dorsal sepal linear-oblong, puberulous, nearly as long as the corolla-tube below its flexure ; lateral sepals about half as long ; two anticous segments small, linear, obtuse, Corolla bright blue, } 1- long ; tube suddenly deflexed a little above the short base, then ascending and again deflexed, forming a sub-campanulate laterally compressed throat ; upper lip reflexed, obovate, with 4 short broad rounded lobes ; lower lip rather longer, cymbiform, subacute. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte ! between Mpata and Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! and cultivated specimen ! Coleus.| CII. LABIATA (BAKER). 441 61. ©. Marquesii, Briqguet in Ann. Jard. Genev. ii. (1898) 239. A shrub, with ascending branches, clothed with crisped hairs, Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, 2-4 in. long, acuminate, membranous, dull green and pubescent above, clothed with grey tomentum beneath, membranous. Cymes compound, 10-15-flowered, forming long lax racemose panicies ; pedicels long, clothed with crisped hairs and stalked glands ; bracts ovate, deciduous. Flower-calyx zs—} in. long, clothed with glands and spreading hairs ; upper tooth ovate, violet ; lateral teeth short, narrow, obtuse ; lower longer, acute, connate nearly to the apex. Corolla violet, protruding nearly 1 in. from the throat of the calyx. Stamens included. Style exserted.—Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. Xvi. 70. Lower Guinea. Angola: in the valleys of the Kuango and Cuillo (? Kuilu) Rivers, Marques, 191. 62. C. aconitiflorus, Welw. ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 866. A tall much-branched herb, 3-4 ft. high, with square glabrous stems and ascending branches. Leaves long-petioled, oblong, membranous, crenate, glabrous, cuneate and entire at the base, the lower 3-4 in. long, 143-2 in. broad at the middle. Branches each bearing at the end a long lax narrow panicle, with several flowers crowded at the end of the short erecto- patent branchlets ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute. Calyx campanu- late, pubescent, 1, in. long; teeth ovate, small, subequal. Corolla 2 in. long; tube slender, much longer than the calyx. Lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla; at Lopollo, Welwitsch, 5495! 63. C. Briquetii, Baker. A tall branched herb, with green glabrescent stems. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base, serrate, membranous, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, long, dense at the middle; whorls many-flowered ; cymes shortly peduncled, not umbellate; pedicels } in. long. Calyx in flower lin. long, in fruit much larger; upper tooth ovate, decurrent; lateral teeth orbicular ; lower acuminate, connate in the lower half. Corolla protruded } in. from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip }—} in. long. Stamens not exserted.— C. Schweinfurthii, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb, xix. 181, not of Vatke. Nile Land. British East Africa: Bongo territory, Schweinfurth, 2490! 64. GC. montanus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 218. Stems branched, pubescent, 14-2 ft. long. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 1-1} in, long, the upper sessile, the lower shortly stalked, acute, rounded or narrowed to the base, crenate, pubescent on both sides, dotted with black glands beneath. Inflorescence racemose, lax j cymes long-peduncled, 3-5-flowered ; bracts broadly ovate ; pedicels 5-5 in. long. Fruit-calyx } in. long, glandular-pubescent outside, naked on t e throat inside; upper tooth round-ovate, obtuse; lateral teeth rather shorter, lanceolate, acuminate ; lower longer, almost subulate. Upper Guinea. Cameroons, near Buea, 7000 ft., Preuss, 1012. 442 CII. LABIATA (BAKER). [ Coleus. 65. GC. leucophyllus, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 292. Stem perennial, long, erect, clothed with white tomentum. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, subacute, cuneate at the base, the lower 3-4 in. long, crenate, clothed thinly with white tomentum on the face, densely beneath. Cymes many-flowered, distinctly peduncled, forming 4 panicle 1 ft. long; pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts minute, deciduous. Calyx pubescent, } in. long; tube campanulate ; teeth ovate, acute, the upper one largest. Corolla 12-15 lin. long; tube decurved and dilated in the upper half ; upper lip small, erect ; lower much larger, concave. Stamens reaching the tip of the lower lip. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: near Lake Moero, Carson, 26 of 1894 collection ! 66. C. membranaceus, Briguet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 182. A slender herb, with pubescent branches. Leaves with a winged petiole, ovate-oblong, 4—5 in. long, acuminate, narrowed to the decurrent base, _ regularly crenate, very thin, green on both surfaces, pubescent only on the main veins. Inflorescence racemose, } ft. long; whorls distant, peduncles of the lower 4-3 in. long; pedicels ;3,—} in. long; bracts deciduous. Calyx in flower 4 lin. long; upper tooth ovate, all the others acuminate. Corolla protruding 4-} in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip small; lower } in. long. Stamens not exserted. Lower Guinea. Angola: Cissacala (? Sacalla) on the River Kuango, Mechow, 554. 67. C. mechowianus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 183, A tall herb, with green or reddish branches, clothed with deciduous jointed hairs. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, 14 in. long, obtuse, truncate at the base, dentate, dotted with black glands, green and glabrous on both surfaces except on the main veins. Inflorescence racemose, 2-3 12. long; peduncles of the lower whorls } in. long; pedicels $ in. long; bracts deciduous. Flower-calyx very small; upper tooth ovate-lanceo- late, lower teeth deltoid. Corolla blue, protruding 4-4 in. from the throat of the calyx; upper lip minutely 3-lobed ; lower } in. long. Stamens usually included. Lower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Meciow, 123. 68. C. eetveldeanus, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvu. 73. A tall herb, with pubescent branches. Leaves with a long winge petiole, ovate-deltoid, 1 in. long, acute, closely crenate, truncate at the base, dark green with scattered hairs above, grey-green and densely glandular-pubescent beneath. Panicle 6-8 in. long; axis of cymes above 1 in. long; pedicels ;';-4 in. long; bracts small deciduous. Calyx finally } in. long, glabrescent, with black sessile glands; upper tooth broadly ovate, as long as the tube; lower teeth small, acuminate. Corolla very small ; lower lip ,}, in. long.—De Wild. & Durand, Il. Fi. Congo, i. t. 25. South Central. Congo Free State: near Mtowa on Lake Tanganyika, Descamps. ee i eee Coleus. | CII. LABIATA (BAKER). 443 69. ©. concinnus, Baker. Stems slender, erect, fr: gile, shortly pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, membranous, truncate at the base, 14 in. long, shortly pubescent. Panicle very lax, terminal, + ft. long; cymes lax, peduncled ; pedicels short. Fruit-calyx } in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth small; upper tooth ovate ; lower teeth lanceolate. Corolla 4 in. long; lower lip longer than the tube.— Germanea concinna, Hiern in Cat. Afr, Pl. Welw. i. 861. _ tower Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, 2400-3800 ft., Wel- witsch, 5538 } 70. ©. tenuicaulis, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 211. Stems annual, slender, pubescent, erect, much branched, 1 ft. long. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, pubescent, moderately firm, }-1 in. long. Panicle + ft. long or more, very lax, terminal ; cymes lax, peduncled ; pedicels short, pubescent. Fruit-calyx pubescent, 4 in. long; upper tooth ovate, small; lateral teeth small cusps; lower larger cusps. Corolla 3 in. long; lower lip longer than the tube.—Engl. Hoch- gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1939! 71. ©. cumenensis, Baker. A perennial, with firm slender densely pubescent stems. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, small, densely pubescent. Panicles terminal, very lax; lower cymes few- flowered, distinctly peduncled ; pedicels short. Flower-calyx pubescent, 4 in, long ; upper tooth small, ovate; lateral teeth small cusps; lower large cusps. Corolla 4 in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. Lower Guinea. Angola: near the River Cunene, Johnston! ?2. C. viridis, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 181, A tall herb, with sreen glabrescent branches. Leaves with a long petiole, ovate, 14-2 in. long, acute or acuminate, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, irregu- larly crenate, green and glabrescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, reaching 8 in. long; cymes many-flowered, lower distinctly peduncled ; pedicels 1 in, long; bracts deciduous. Fruit-calyx {-{ in. long ; Upper tooth ovate ; lateral teeth short, minutely cuspidate ; lower acuminate. Corolla protruding } in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip very small; lower large. Stamens included or slightly exserted. South Central, Congo Free State: Lunda; Mussumba, Pogge, 365. 73. GC. shirensis, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 216. A perennial herb, with densely pubescent branches. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, membranous, 2-3 in. long, acuminate, rounded at the base, deeply ‘renate, nearly glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Cymes many- lowered, very compound, forming a long narrow panicle ; bracts small, deciduous; rhachis and pedicels very hairy, the latter }-} in. long. Fruit- calyx hairy, 4 in. long ; upper tooth ovate ; lateral teeth shorter, oblong, obtuse ; lowest acute, connate nearly to the apex.—Pleetranthus glandu- losus, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 37, not of Hook. f. Mozamb. Dist. Britisl Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Mlanje, Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 376 and 602 of 1891 collection! 444 CII, LABIATA (BAKER). [ Coleus. 74. C. scandens, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 221. Stems scandent, pubescent, much-branched ; branches slender, divaricate. Leaves long- petioled, round-ovate, membranous, 14-2 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, deeply crenate, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, secund, dense, long-peduncled ; cymes sessile, 2~3-flowered ; bracts minute, ovate-lanceolate ; pedicels short, pubescent likethe calyx. Fruit-calyx ¢ in. long ; teeth subequal, lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla blue. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, 4000 ft., Holst, 9119! 9120a! Kilimanjaro: at Marangu, 4500 ft., Volkens, 1431! 75. C. dissitiflorus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 217, A peren- nial herb, with slender stems 3-4 ft. long and glandular-pubescent branches. Leaves long-petioled, ovate-rhomboid, membranous, 2-23 in. long, cuneate at the base, crenate, glabrous above, pubescent and gland- dotted beneath. Inflorescence racemose, simple, terminal, very lax; cymes compound, 5-7-flowered; pedicels long, glandular-pubescent ; bracts ovate, persistent, foliaceous. Calyxin flower + in., in fruit above 3 in. long, pubescent, naked inside at the throat ; upper tooth broadly ovate, acute, its edges slightly decurrent ; lateral teeth shorter, lanceo- late, acuminate; lower long, linear. Corolla violet, with a slender tube longer than the calyx. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: between Buea and Mimbia, 3000 ft., Preuss, 1055 ! 76. C. Preussii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 219. Stems 6-7 ft. long, branched, pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, mem- branous, about 5 in. long, 3 in. broad, acuminate, rounded or narrowed to the base, deeply toothed, quite glabrous on both sides, dotted with black glands below. Inflorescence racemose, lax ; whorls remote ; cymes long-stalked, 5—9-flowered; bracts ovate, acuminate; pedicels long. Calyx pubescent, 4 in. long in fruit, naked inside at the throat ; upper tooth broadly ovate, its edges reflexed and rather decurrent ; lateral teeth lanceolate-deltoid ; lower deltoid, acute, connate, finally inflexed. Corolla blue. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: near Buea, 2000-3000 ft., Preuss, 569, 691; and without precise locality, Dusén, 309. 77. C. punctatus, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 291. A perennial herb, with long stout pubescent stems, Leaves ovate, acute, broadly rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, inciso-crenate, membranous, greeD and pubescent on both surfaces, copiously dotted with black glands beneath ; petiole long. Cymes with an elongated pubescent ax!s, forming an ample panicle } ft. long, 2 in. diam. ; pedicels moderately long, ascending ; bracts obsolete. Calyx finally } in. long; tube very short, densely pilose ; teeth ovate, the upper the longest. Corolla jin. long; tube decurved and dilated in the upper half; upper lip small, erect ; lower large, deeply concave. Stamens reaching the tip of the lower lip. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Moero Plateau, south-west of Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 25 of 1894 collection ! Neomullera. | CII, LABIATA (BAKER). 445 16. NEOMULLERA, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb, xix. 186, t. 3, Fig. B. Calyx declinate ; tube at first campanulate, becoming much larger and ventricose ; upper tooth larger, ovate, the others smaller, deltoid. Corolla with a long decurved tube, cylindrical in the lower half, dilated upwards ; upper lip small, erect ; lower larger, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments united in the lower half; anthers oblong, with parallel cells. Style long, declinate, bifid at the tip. Nucules ovoid, smooth. Endemic. Monotypic, 1. N. Welwitschii, Briquet, J.c. A tall herb, with long spreading glabrous branches. Leaves with a very long petiole, ovate, membranous, crenate, the lower 5-6 in. long, slightly pubescent. Panicle long, very lax, formed of shortly peduncled lax compound cymes; pedicels long, erecto-patent ; bracts obsolete. Fruit calyx }-} in. long. Corolla-tube 3-4 times the length of the calyx; lower lip deeply concave, shorter than the tube. Stamens and style included.—Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 865. Lower Guinea. Angola; Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5544! 17. ENGLERASTRUM, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 178, t. 3, Fig. a. Calyx-tube campanulate, slightly declinate ; teeth ovate, subequal. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped ; upper lip small, with 3 rounded lobes ; lower lip much larger, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments united in the lower half; anther-cells parallel. Style long, declinate ; apex deeply and equally bifid. Nucules smooth. Endemic. Monotypic. 1. E. Schweinfurthii, Briquet, l.c. A much-branched erect annual herb; branches clothed with fine spreading hairs. Leaves very shortly petioled, ovate, membranous, crenate, 1 in. long. Whorls 1-2-flowered, forming copious lax peduncled racemose cymes in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels very short; bracts minute, linear. Calyx 3 in. long, finely glandular-pubescent, scarcely at all accrescent ; teeth longer than the tube. Corolla-tube 3 times the length of the calyx ; lower lip Shorter than the tube. Stamens reaching to the tip of the lower lip. Nile Land. British East Africa: Bongo; Adda, Schweinfurth, 2532. 18. CAPITANYA, Schweinf. ex Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 105, t. 1 Calyx campanulate, very accrescent ; lobes 5-6, orbicular, imbricate, the lower shorter than the upper. Corolla-tube cylindrical, as long as the calyx, abruptly deflexed near the tip; upper lip short, orbicular ; lower ‘much larger, concave, Stamens 4, declinate, didynamous, as 446 CH. LABIATH (BAKER). | Capitanya. long as the lower lip of the corolla; filaments united towards the base ; anthers oblong, with parallel cells ; style shortly bifid at the apex ; lobes spreading. Nucules ovoid, smooth. Endemic. Monotypic. 1. C. otostegioides, Giirke in Eng. Jahrb. xxi. 106. A low fleshy undershrub, clothed with grey pubescence, with decumbent main stems and ascending flowering branches. Stem-leaves in distant pairs, obovate- cuneate, shortly petioled, obtuse, crenate, about 1 in. long, fleshy, clothed with grey pubescence on both surfaces. Whorls 6-flowered, aggregated in a lax terminal racemose panicle 3-4 in. long; pedicels as long as the flower-calyx ; bracts minute. Calyx in the flowering stage in., finally 4 in. longand broad. Corolla more than twice as long as the flowering calyx. Wile Land. Abyssinia: near Qualamat in the Upper Lebka Valley, 2000- 5800 ft., Miiller-Prosko-Capitany, Heuglin. Somaliland : without precise locality, Ghika. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro Region: in the Steppe between Ugweno Mountain and the Papyrus swamp, 2300 ft., Volkens, 492. 19. ANISOCHILUS, Wall. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. ii. 1177. Calyx-tube campanulate; upper tooth large, oblong, concave, de- flexed ; 4 lower teeth very short. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, deflexed at the middle, with a funnel-shaped throat; limb bilabiate ; upper lip short ; lower much longer, incurved, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, deflexed ; filaments filiform, shortly connate at the base in the African species ; anther-cells confluent. Disk glandular. Style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid, smooth.—Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves sometimes fleshy. Whorls aggregated into dense spicate panicles. Flowers small. Species about 15, all but one East Indian. 1, A. africanus, Baker ex Scott-Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXX: 94, VOL. v, 482 CII. LABIATE (BAKER). [ Leucas. long, cuneate at the base, deeply crenate, thinly clothed with soft white hairs above, densely so beneath. Whorls dense, many-flowered, pro- duced from the axils of reduced upper leaves; bracts minute or obsolete. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, } in. long, densely clothed with white hairs; throat oblique; lower lip produced, its teeth deltoid. Corolla densely villous, twice as long as the calyx-tube. Wile Land. British Eust Africa: Kikuyu; Kidung Valley, 6000 ft., Scott- Elliot, 6585 ! 31. L. glabrata, 2. Br.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 524. A branched erect perennial herb, with slender subglabrous stems. Leaves petiole ’ ovate, acute, deeply crenate, thin, nearly glabrous, the lower 2-3 i long. Whorls distant, few-flowered ; bracts minute. Calyx narrow y funnel-shaped, glabrous or slightly hairy, } in. long; throat oblique } lower lip produced ; teeth deltoid, with very large cusps. Corolla-tube slightly exserted; upper lip obovate-cuneate, } in. long, densely villous. —A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 199; Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. t. 385; Vatke in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 1875, 95; Schweinf. Beitr. Fi. Aethiop. 123; Zarb, Cat. Spéc. Bot. Pfund, 33; Britten in Gregory, Great Rift Valley, 396; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 370. 4 yaleopsidea, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 199. Nile Land. Dalak Island, Ehrenberg. Eritrea: Bogos; Keren, Steudner, 1417! Shohos Country, Ehrenberg, Pfund. Abyssinia: Togodele, Ehrenberg: Tigre; near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 764! Tacazze Valley, Quartin-Dillon ; and without precise locality, Schimper, 208! 388! British East Africa: Taita; Maunga Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston! Kamasia, Gregory. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usaramo, Stuhlmann ! Also Natal, Delagoa Bay, and Arabia. 32. La, thymoides, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 226. A peren- nial herb, with slender pubescent branches. Leaves petioled, ovate, }-} in. long, crenate, d ensely pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls few, tew-flowered, subtended by small leaves; pedicels very short ; ane minute, subulate. Calyx pilose, } in. long; tube funnel-shaped, ; ribbed ; limb oblique, produced on the lower side; teeth small, lance’ late. Corolla 4-3 in. long; tube cylindrical; upper lip lingula ° densely pilose, as long as the tube; lower smaller, 3-lobed. Stamen not exserted from the upper lip. Wy / Nile Land. Pritish Somaliland: without precise locality, Mrs. Lort- Phillips : 33. La. pratensis, Vatke in Linnea, xliii. 97. A perennial her with long slender thinly hairy stems. Leaves small, thin, pee ovate, crenate, hairy on both sides. Whorls few, few-flowered, the lowe very distant, the upper approximate and their leaves reduced ; ie minute. Calyx hairy, } in. long; lower side produced ; teeth del eely cuspidate. Upper lip of corolla nearly as long as the calyx, dens villous. Nile Land. British East Africa: Taita ; Ndara, Hildebrandt, 2410! Leucas. | CII. LABIATEH (BAKER). 483 d4. L. paucijuga, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 226. A peren- nial herb, with slender pubescent stems. Leaves few, remote, shortly petioled, ovate, 3—1 in. long, deeply crenate, rounded at the base, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls few-flowered, subtended by large leaves ; pedicels very short; bracts small, rigid, linear-subulate. Calyx pilose, } in. long; tube funnel-shaped, 10-ribbed; limb oblique, produced on the lower side; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla-tube cylin- drical, as long as the calyx; upper lip lingulate, as long as the tube; leaves small, Stamens not exserted from the upper lip. Nile Land. British Somaliland: without precise locality, Mrs Lort-Phillips ! 35. I. shirensis, Buker. A perennial herb, with stems thinly clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, thin, thinly clothed with short spreading hairs, the lower 1$-2 in, long. Whorls few, few-flowered ; bracts minute. Calyx densely ribbed, 4-1 in. long, clothed with spreading hairs; throat oblique, lower side produced; upper teeth small, lanceolate; lower deltoid-cuspidate. Upper lip of corolla } in. long, densely hairy. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Shamo, near the mouth of the River Shire, Kirk ! 36. L. nepetoides, Baker.