MlissouRI BOTANICAL
GARDEN BULLETIN

VOLUME VIII
WITH 19 PLATES
1920

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT JULY AND AUGUST,
BY THE-BQARD- OF! TRUSTEES
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Vol. VIII JANUARY, 1920 No. 1

CONTENTS

Thirty-first Annual Report of the Director . ... 1
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Notes. ee ee
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ST. LOUIS, MO.
1920

Published Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees

: SUBSCRIPTION PRICE:
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Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., January, 1920 No. 1

THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

DIRECTOR
Gentlemen:

I have the honor to submit herewith the thirty-first annual
report of the Director.

For an institution like the Garden, with a relatively sta-
tionary income but with less money than usual available for
Garden purposes during the past year, it is becoming increas-
ingly difficult to maintain the various activities as they should
be. During the war, because of the fuel restrictions, labor
shortage, and scarcity of materials, there was a legitimate
excuse and explanation for curtailing work, but the year 1919
has for various reasons been the most difficult from an admin-
istrative standpoint that the Garden has ever experienced.
Many details which have very properly been neglected for the
past three or four years had to be attended to, and the de-
mands of the laboratories, library, and herbarium, as well
as the general garden, which previously could be ignored,
necessitated most careful consideration.

While the war was on it was, of course, impossible to keep
up the additions to the library and herbarium as in normal
times, and the number of graduate students naturally fell off
considerably. The School for Gardening was closed and the
indoor floral displays practically abandoned. These restric-
tions effected actual savings which helped to offset the in-
ereased cost of labor and such materials as could be obtained.
With the war over, the public naturally expected the Garden
to immediately come back to its former state of efficiency
without perhaps realizing that in order to accomplish this a
great deal more money would have to be available than had
ever been needed before. Similar institutions in this country
which are supported entirely or partially by private contri-
butions or from money received from municipal or state
funds, have been able to demonstrate without difficulty the
necessity for receiving additional money for maintenance, and
in most cases have secured enough to at least make it porsible

(1)

2 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

to maintain their activities on the same basis as before the
war. The resources of the Garden, which of course must be
earefully husbanded and most conservatively managed, do
not, at the present time at least, permit of a sudden expansion
to meet such extraordinary conditions as are now being ex-
perienced. In fact, the increase in taxes and the administra-
tion of the estate, which, of course, must be taken care of
first, have left the Garden with some thousands of dollars less
available for direct Garden purposes than in the previous
year. It is confidently expected that additional revenues may
be available before it is too late, but in the meantime the most
that can be hoped for is to maintain the various activities of
the Garden and not to be compelled to abandon any of the
various features—either scientific or popular—which have
contributed to place the Missouri Botanical Garden in its
present position.

Reconstruction of the Linnean House.—In 1882, Mr. Shaw
built a plant house ‘‘dedicated to Linneus by placing his bust
over the entrance.”’ This house, the only one remaining of
those built by the founder of the Garden, has been closed to
visitors for several years, because of the unsafe condition of
the roof. The location and exterior of the Linnean house
made it too attractive to be abandoned, and consequently
early in the year a new glass roof replacing the old slate and
glass combination was supplied and the house put in thorough
repair. This included an entirely new heating system, the
elimination of the old walks, and the use of about 300 loads of
earth in order to produce the landscape effect desired for the
collection of evergreens, azaleas, rhododendrons, camellias,
ete., which was to be established there. The central feature
of this building is a pool and a rock ledge patterned after the
familiar type to be found along the Meramec River, and an
interesting natural curiosity, showing a tree overgrowing a
huge stone, was made a part of this structure. There has thus
been added to the Garden an interesting permanent collection
of plants which, because of the natural arrangement provided,
is displayed in an admirable manner.

New Propagating and Growing Houses.—The main range
of growing houses back of the wall, constructed of wood some
years ago, being no longer suitable for the propagation and
maintenance of plants, was abandoned during the winter of
1918. Because of savings made from other accounts, it be-
came possible this year to begin the construction of four
greenhouses of a modern type 100 x 21 feet, with an additional
propagating house 100 x 7 feet, designed especially for grow-

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 3

‘

ing cuttings. Two of these houses have been completed, and
the material for the remainder of the range is on hand, so
that it will be finished within the near future. The Garden
is therefore, for the first time, equipped with the proper type
of greenhouses for the growing of the immense amount of
material necessary for the planting of the various outdoor gar-
dens as well as for maintaining the permanent stock used
during the winter in the floral display house.

Additional Construction Work.—Another much-needed im-
provement was the completion of the concrete heating tunnel
carrying the 6-inch main from the principal tunnel to the
valve chamber controlling the growing houses. This tunnel,
about 6 feet wide, 7 feet high, and 175 feet long, enables one
to immediately reach all the heating pipes on the system and
affords a considerable saving in heat over the old condition
when the pipes were buried in the ground and there was no
means of promptly repairing leaks.

Other additions include the new trellises for the rose gar-
den, the construction of a brick walk through the pergola, a
start towards the building of the walk from the pergola to
the economic garden as well as putting in the foundation
and necessary culverts for the walk back of the pergola
through the projected wild flower garden, the repainting of
the interior of the office building and Cleveland Avenue
house, painting of the Director’s residence, the old Shaw resi-
dence and the Linnean house, besides an unusual amount of
general repair and painting work throughout the Garden.

Some New Features-—A new garden, known as the test
garden, has been established just west of the office building.
During the season of 1919 about 200 varieties of plants were
grown here, with the idea of being able to show to those in-
terested novelties and new varieties obtained through the
catalogues of seedsmen and other sources. Aside from afford-
ing an opportunity for the public to judge of the merits of
these plants, it furnishes a demonstration of the adaptability
of the new forms to St. Louis conditions, and it is believed
that a continuation of these tests will not only serve a useful
purpose for the amateur, but will also enable the Garden to
gradually select from the new varieties of flowering plants
some which may be used to advantage in its own plantations.

A start has also been made towards another outdoor gar-
den long contemplated, namely, the wild flower collection
back of the pergola. The natural conditions here are admir-
ably suited for growing native wild flowers, and during the

4 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN:

past season about 75 varieties, comprising over 4000 plants,
have been established.

A variety nut orchard was established last fall. Some of
the best varieties of pecans, black walnuts, Persian walnuts,
and hickories have already been planted, and it is expected
that an opportunity will be afforded to test systematically all
varieties of native and imported nuts which are hardy in this
region. In addition, there are being collected samples of all
nuts that can be grown here and elsewhere, in order that defi-
nite information may be available at all times as to the nature
of the products from various trees and their value for com-
mercial purposes.

Very considerable additions have been made to the iris
collection and the hardy perennials on the knolls. The pools
in front of the Linnean house, formerly devoted to water-
lilies, are now stocked with all the best varieties of lotus.

The difficulties of growing evergreens out of doors at the
Garden has made it highly desirable that a collection of these
plants be established under glass, and with the remodeling
of the Linnean house it for the first time became possible.
There have accordingly been established here about 130
species of conifers, together with some of the more rare
rhododendrons, azaleas, ericas, and other members of the
heath family.

The southern half of the greenhouse leading from the
banana pit (formerly known as the varied industries house)
has been replanted and is now devoted to a collection of trop-
ieal fruits. It is hoped that within a few years the trees will
become sufficiently well established to afford an opportunity
for the visitor to view these unusual and interesting plants in
both fruit and flower. Many of the standard commercial
varieties of orange, lemon, lime, pummelo, kumquat, and
other citrus plants are to be found here, and in addition some
of the more recently introduced fruits, such as the litehi,
avocado, jujube, pineapple guava, ete., are being established.

Aquaria and Collection of Fish—The aleoves of the aroid
house, formerly devoted to the exhibition of orchids, have
been adapted for a display of fancy fish. Some 35 aquaria,
with an appropriate setting, have been established here, and,
through the codperation of the St. Louis Aquarium Society,
a most interesting lot of fish—mostly tropical—are now on
display. An opportunity is likewise afforded of including
practically all of the aquatic plants suitable for aquaria, and

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 5)

there are now to be found here about 30 varieties of plants,
growing either completely or partially submerged, such as it
is not ordinarily possible to show in a garden.

Indoor Floral Displays——The removal of the fuel and other
restrictions incident to the war made it possible to resume
the indoor floral displays in November, at which time there
was staged an attractive chrysanthemum show. ‘This was
followed by the usual Christmas display of poinsettias, pep-
pers, narcissi, etc. An innovation this year was the extensive
use of the pink and white poinsettias, and for the first time
the orchids were grouped in the floral display house. The
orchid show, which will now be an annual feature, will enable
the Garden to satisfactorily display the extraordinarily
large number of these plants which, since the acquisition of
Mr. D. 8. Brown’s orchids, excels any other collection in the
country.

School for Gardening.— In October the School for Garden-
ing, which, because of the war, had been closed for over a year
and a half, was reopened. Mr. Alexander Lurie, Horticul-
turist to the Garden, having resigned to go into commercial
work, the school was temporarily placed in charge of Mr. G.
H. Pring, formerly Floriculturist to the Garden, but whose
title has been changed to that of Horticulturist. Mr. L. P.
Jensen, for a number of years in charge of the grounds of the
Busch estate, has been added to the instructional force and
will in addition have charge of the trees and shrubs at the
Garden under the title of Arboriculturist. Mr. Paul A. Kohl,
graduate of the School for Gardening in 1917, and who, ex-
cept for the time absent in France, has been associated with
the School Garden work of the Board of Education, becomes
Floriculturist to the Garden on January 1, 1920, and will
likewise give instruction in the school. It is anticipated that
at least one addition to the staff will be made during the com-
ing year. There are now the following holders of Garden
scholarships in attendance at the school: Miss Virginia Me-
Math, Mr. Robert Mitchell and Mr. James Monteith.

Vocational Training for Soldiers—The Federal Board for
Vocational Education of Disabled Soldiers, realizing that the
Missouri Botanical Garden was one of the few places in the
country where specialized instruction in plant propagation,
general greenhouse work, principles of landscape gardening,
etc., could be adequately given, has entered into an arrange-
ment with the Garden whereby men under its supervision can
receive both practical and theoretical training as gardeners.

“0 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

As it was not possible to enter these men in the School for
Gardening, an independent course has been planned, includ-
ing simple landscape gardening, floriculture, elementary bot-
any, tree surgery, soils, diseases of plants, and other funda-
mental subjects. In addition, the men give part of their time
to practical work in the greenhouses and outside gardens, and
it is believed that the training received will qualify them for
positions on private estates as well as for park and cemetery
work. It is also probable that some of these men will fit them-
selves for the florist’s business or some other commercial line.

St. Louis Meeting of the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science.—During the last week in December the
meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science were held in St. Louis. On December 31 the botan-
ists and horticulturists in attendance visited the Garden, be-
ing conducted through the greenhouses and grounds and
afterwards having luncheon served in the office building. The
joint session of the societies was held in the lecture room in
the afternoon. While not occurring in the year 1919, the
Trustees’ Banquet, held on January 2, 1920, should be men-
tioned at this time, since it was given in honor of the visiting
members of the Association.

ATTENDANCE FOR THE YEAR 1919
Week-days Sundays

POOPY ci acer s cried deel ees bas Thee hens vas 7 Se 4,239
PIS PORE ais fa chv a dws.tis'aeceie biped Sie oe ogg a eh 8.6 DAULO Se caus 2,821
OS ae een tr a Pes se ee ee ka oo 4 OER ieee 6,705
PLL © bv oie 0 e's5a.08 seb o RIOR EUS N eee thee Ges 584K G8O45 ee 7,732
BOOS sick Gove tne 4 Maree ake WUORs Ue eon Kee ws 0 4% COGS sco aed 8,432
Meee Ls 2,355,216 pia nae iciote sia =p oa gue aieires © 5s BOM scr aes 7,766
DS oi viciceas ced b Eves ensaclvsevccseseo ens s* 10,600 2 is-27 6,271
eee Tere ee er Ce 10:868s5% i oes 10,733
September ....... cece cee v er centecreeneaceers O:GRo os cues 7,989
Ce eo le aE RE Ree COO Lok ae ek Ce a 3 re ee 8,022
CIGD. odie cicthadevie sivieeledo eee sive ssc nee eo ee 94468 3 eK 4-0 24,733
THOCOMBEr 6. iw eee secrete eres crnescccnens BOB. c.count 4,500
99,608 ..o.a0% 99,943

99,593

WE SES s cig iid silt 60a % ae awa obs 1 ORT REECE 199,536

ANNUAL BEQUESTS

The Annual Flower Sermon, provided for in the will of
Mr. Shaw, was preached at Christ Church Cathedral, on May
18, by the Rt. Rev. John A. Richardson, D.D., D.C.L.,
Bishop of Frederickton, New Brunswick, Canada.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 7

RESEARCH AND INSTRUCTION

The number of courses of instruction primarily for grad-
uate students offered during 1919-20 is a considerable in-
crease over that of 1918-19, due chiefly to two causes, as fol-
lows: First, under war conditions it was desirable to make
formal courses (involving lectures and laboratory work) sec-
ondary to the informal courses, the latter being concerned
primarily with the direction of research. Secondly, inasmuch
as new graduate students were registered both in 1918-19 and
in 1919-20, it became necessary to extend to all the opportu-
nities in the way of formal courses usually distributed over
two years. The extent of the research work now in progress
is perhaps greater than at any previous time.

In addition to the instructional work and research referred
to above, some of the time of members of the scientific staff
and the facilities of the laboratory have been utilized in the
promotion of scientific work in collateral ways, some of which
may be mentioned. The Director, Dr. George T. Moore, was
appointed General Secretary of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science and had charge of the arrange-
ments for the meeting of this association and affiliated socie-
ties in St. Louis, December 29-January 1. At the same meet-
ings Dr. B. M. Duggar served as the local representative of
the Botanical Society of America, American Phytopathologi-
cal Society, and the American Ecological Society. During
the summer of 1919 Mr. R. W. Webb performed the duties
of field assistant in the Office of Cereal Investigations, Bureau
of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.
Dr. Duggar spent the summer in research work at the Coastal
Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, located
at Carmel, California. For a period of several months the
facilities of the graduate laboratory were extended to several
pathologists representing the Office of Cereal Investigations of
the Bureau of Plant Industry while engaged in a study of a
serious disease (known as foot rot) of wheat prevalent in the
Illinois bottoms in the vicinity of East St. Louis.

Scientific and Popular Lectures—The more important of
the scientific and popular lectures given by members of the
scientific and Garden staffs during 1919 are as follows:

B. M. Duggar, January 13, before the Washington Univer-
sity School of Medicine, ‘‘Hydrogen Ion Concentration and
Bacterial Activity.”’

ie 6)

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

B. M. Duggar, February 7, before the Society of Sigma Xi,
‘Investigations of ‘Ultramicroscopie’ Organisms Inducing
Plant Diseases.”’

B. M. Duggar, April 25, before the American Philosophical
Society, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ‘‘ Hydrogen Ion Con-
centration of Nutrient Solutions in Relation to the Growth
of Seed Plants.’’

B. M. Duggar, May 19, before the St. Louis Academy of
Science, ‘‘Important Factors in the Constitution of Nutrient
Solutions for the Growth of Seed Plants.”’

B. M. Duggar, June 5, before the Cereal Pathologists, ‘‘ Dis-
ease Resistance in Plants: Immunity.’’

B. M. Duggar, June 11, before the Members’ Conference
of the Chamber of Commerce, ‘‘Why an Art-in-Industry Ex-
hibition in St. Louis is Indispensable.”’

B. M. Duggar, June 18, before the Synapsis Club of the
Graduate School of Subtropical Agriculture, Riverside, Cali-
fornia, ‘‘Research Work at the Missouri Botanical Garden
and Shaw School of Botany.”’

B. M. Duggar, June 21, before Pacific Section of the Amer-
ican Association for the Advancement of Science, Pasadena,
California, ‘‘Salt Requirements and Hydrogen Ion Concen-
tration in Solution Cultures for Seed Plants.’’

B. M. Duggar, September 18, before the Science Club of
the Utah Agricultural College, Logan, Utah, ‘‘The Impor-
tance of an Emphasis upon Research under Existing Condi-
tions.’’

Alexander Lurie, January 8, before Gardeners’ Association
of St. Louis, ‘‘Pruning.”’

Alexander Lurie, January 9, before the St. Louis Florists’
Club, ‘‘ Horticulture.’’

Alexander Lurie, March 21, before the Bryan-Mullanphy
School, ‘‘ Vegetable Gardening.’’

Alexander Lurie, April 18, before Rose Fanning School,
‘‘Gardening.”’

Alexander Lurie, April 21, before Pierre Laclede School,
‘*Gardening.’’

George T. Moore, January 15, before the St. Louis Natural
History Museum Association, ‘‘The Educational Value of the
Missouri Botanical Garden.’’

George T. Moore, March 17, before the St. Louis Academy
of Science, ‘‘Some Novel Uses for Sea Weeds during the
War.’’

George T. Moore, May 3, before Artists’ Guild, ‘‘Plants
and People.’’

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 9

George T. Moore, November 7, before Science Section of
Missouri Teachers’ Association, ‘‘The Missouri Botanical
Garden as an Educational Institution.’’

George H. Pring, April 9, before the West End Business
Men’s Association, ‘‘ Beautification of St. Louis.’’

George H. Pring, May 8, before McKinley High School,
‘Horticulture as a Profession.”’

George H. Pring, May 8, before the St. Louis Florists’ Club,
‘Plant Curiosities.’’

George H. Pring, November 5, before the St. Louis Asso-
ciation of Gardeners, ‘‘The Cultivation of the Cultivated
Chrysanthemum.”’

Graduates, Fellows. and Tivestigators—Inasmuch as the
expansion of university work since the close of the war has
been marked and the call for scientifically trained young men
unusually strong, there have been, as might be expected,
fewer applications for fellowships and graduate work than
under pre-war conditions. Nevertheless, all fellowships and
assistantships have been filled, and the work among candi-
dates for degrees in the graduate laboratory is on a plane
which indicates a return to pre-war conditions. There were
registered for graduate work during the calendar year eleven
students, as follows: G. M. Armstrong, Rufus J. Lackland
research fellow; W. H. Chambers, Rufus J. Lackland re-
search fellow; Adele Lewis Grant, teaching fellow, Washing-
ton University ; Joanne L. Karrer, teaching fellow, Washing-
ton University; Alexander Lurie, formerly horticulturist,
Missouri Botanical Garden; R. A. McGinty, formerly Rufus
J. Lackland research fellow; Takashi Matsumoto, formerly
laboratory assistant, recently appointed professor of botany
(on leave), Imperial College of Agriculture and Forestry,
Morioka, Japan; E. B. Payson, Rufus J. Lackland research
fellow; Henry Schmitz, formerly Rufus J. Lackland research
fellow; R. W. Webb, research assistant; and F. S. Wolpert,
Rufus J. Lackland research fellow. In addition, there have
been in residence, using the facilities of the laboratory and
herbarium in research: Dr. E. R. Allen, formerly associate
in biochemistry, Washington University School of Medicine ;
Dr. Norma E. Pfeiffer, assistant professor of botany, Univer-
sity of North Dakota; Dr. 8. M. Zeller, formerly investigator,
Yellow Pine Association; and Emily Schroeder, formerly
research assistant.

For 1919-20 the following were appointed to Rufus J. Lack-
land fellowships: G. M. Armstrong, B. S. Clemson College,

10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

M. A. University of Wisconsin, formerly extension patholo-
gist, Bureau of Plant Industry; W. H. Chambers, B. S. and
M. S. University of Illinois, formerly assistant in dairy bac-
teriology, University of Illinois; C. R. Hursh, B. 8. Univer-
sity of Missouri, recently assistant pathologist, Bureau of
Plant Industry ; E. B. Payson, B. A. University of Wyoming ;
and F. 8. Wolpert, A. B. University of Montana, formerly
assistant in botany, University of Montana.

Other appointments for the same period were as follows:
Joanne L. Karrer, B. S. University of Washington, 1915, M.
S. University of Washington, 1916, teacher of biology and
chemistry in Puyallup High School, 1918, reappointed second
year, teaching fellow, Washington University ; Adele Lewis
Grant, B. S. University of California, 1902, teacher at Fresno
Normal Summer School at Huntington Lake, California, A.
M. Washington University, 1919, reappointed second year,
teaching fellow, Washington University; and R. W. Webb,
B. S. Clemson College, 1918, and A. M. Washington Univer-
sity, 1919, research assistant.

Graduate students terminating their connection with the
Garden after receiving degrees were as follows: Mr. Alexan-
der Lurie, to enter commercial floricultural work in Ann
Arbor, Michigan; Professor R. A. McGinty to return to the
Colorado State College as associate professor of horticulture,
Fort Collins, Colorado; and Dr. Henry Schmitz to accept a
position as assistant professor of forestry in the University of
Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.

At the commencement of Washington University, June 12,
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon Henry
Schmitz, with a thesis on ‘‘Studies in the Physiology of the
Fungi. VI. The Relation of Bacteria to Cellulose Fermenta-
tion Induced by Fungi, with Special Reference to the Decay
of Wood.’’ The degree of Master of Arts was conferred
upon the following: Adele Lewis Grant, with a thesis, ‘‘ Pre-
liminary Study of the Morphology and Taxonomy of Mimu-
lus’’; Alexander Lurie, with a thesis, ‘‘Mosaic Diseases in
Plants’’; R. A. McGinty, with a thesis, ‘‘ Diastase Activity in
Relation to Stage of Development and Carbohydrate Content
of the Tuber of Solanum tuberosum’”’; and R. W. Webb, with
a thesis, ‘‘Studies in the Physiology of the Fungi. X. Germ-
ination of the Spores of Certain Fungi in Relation to Hydro-
gen Ion Concentration.’’

Publications and Papers.—The various papers which have
been published during the year either in the ANNALS or in

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 11

other journals are included by title in the list given below. No
small part of the investigations completed remain unpublished,
and it may be noted in particular that considerable attention
has been paid in the graduate laboratory to the mineral nutri-
tion or salt requirements of the higher plants as affected by
hydrogen ion concentration. Likewise, various aspects of the
relation of hydrogen ion concentration to other life phe-
nomena have received extensive consideration.

Allen, E. R. ‘‘Some Conditions Affecting the Growth and
Activities of Azotobacter chrooecoccum.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot.
Gard., 1919.

Allen, E. R., and Davisson, B. 8. ‘‘An All-Glass Nitrogen
Apparatus.’” Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Burt, E. A. ‘‘An Edible Garden Hebeloma.’’ Ann. Mo.
Bot. Gard., 1919.

Burt, E. A. ‘‘Merulius in North America, Supplementary
Notes.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Burt, E. A. ‘‘Protomerulius Farlowii Burt, n. sp.’’ Ann.
Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Burt, E. A. ‘‘The Thelephoraceae of North America. XI.’’
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Dodge, C. W. ‘‘Tyrosin in the Fungi: Chemistry and
Methods of Studying the Tyrosinase Reaction.’? Ann. Mo.
Bot. Gard., 1919.

Duggar, B. M. ‘‘Botany.’’ Am. Year Book, 1919.

Duggar, B. M. ‘‘The Micro-Colorimeter in the Indicator
Method of Hydrogen Ion Determination.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot.
Gard., 1919.

Duggar, B. M. ‘‘Some Factors in Plant Physiological Re-
search.’’ Plant World, 1919.

Duggar, B. M. (Thirty-five abstracts of physiological arti-
cles in) Bot. Abstr., 1919.

Duggar, B. M., and Davis, Anne W. ‘‘Seed Disinfection
for Pure Culture Work: Use of Hypochlorites.’’ Ann. Mo.
Bot. Gard., 1919.

Duggar, B. M., and Dodge, C. W. ‘‘The Use of the Color-
imeter in the Indicator Method of H Ion Determination with
Biological Fluids.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Lurie, A., and Pring, G. H. ‘‘Plant Curiosities.’’ Jour.
Internat. Gard. Club, 1919.

McGinty, R. A. ‘‘Diastase Activity in Relation to Stage of
Development and Carbohydrate Content of the Tuber of
Solanum tuberosum.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Matsumoto, T. ‘‘Culture Experiments with Melampsora
in Japan.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

12 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Moore, G. T. ‘‘Botanical Participation in War Work.’’
Science, N. S., 1919.

Moore, G. T., and Karrer, J. L. ‘‘A Subterranean Algal
Flora.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Pring, G. H. ‘‘Aquatie Plants and Their Cultivation.’’
Aquatic Life, 1919.

Pring, G. H. ‘‘Orchids of the Missouri Botanical Garden.’’
Gardeners’ Chron. of America, 1919.

Schmitz, H. ‘‘Studies in the Physiology of the Fungi. VI.
The Relation of Bacteria to Cellulose Fermentation Induced
by Fungi, with Special Reference to the Decay of Wood.’’
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Schmitz, H., and Zeller, S. M. ‘‘Studies in the Physiology
of the Fungi. IX. Enzyme Action in Armillaria mellea
Vahl, Daedalea confragosa (Bolt.) Fr., and Polyporus luci-
dus (Leys.) Fr.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Webb, R. W. ‘‘Studies in the Physiology of the Fungi. X.
Germination of the Spores of Certain Fungi in Relation to
Hydrogen Ion Concentration.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Young, H. C. ‘‘Seed Disinfection for Pure Culture
Work.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1919.

Zeller, S. M., and Dodge, C. W. ‘‘Arcangeliella, Gym-
nomyces, and Macowanites in North Amerieca.’’ Ann. Mo.
Bot. Gard., 1919.

Zeller, S. M., and Schmitz, H. ‘‘Studies in the Physiology
of the Fungi. VIII. Mixed Cultures.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot.
Gard., 1919.

Zeller, S. M., Schmitz, 1., and Duggar, B. M. ‘‘Studies in
the Physiology of the Fungi. VII. Growth of Wood-De-
stroying Fungi on Liquid Media.’’ Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.,
1919.

At the meeting of the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science and affiliated societies held in St. Louis,
December 29—January 1, the following papers were presented
by members of the staff and graduate students:

Duggar, B. M. ‘‘The Significance of Hydrogen Ion Con-
centration and Other Factors in a Study of the Salt Require-
ments of Higher Plants.’’

Duggar, B. M. ‘‘Mosaie Diseases—Progress in the Study
of Causal Agents.’’

Grant, Adele Lewis. ‘‘ A Diseussion of the Genus Mimulus.”’

Matsumoto, Takashi. ‘‘Studies on Rhizoctonia.’’

Payson, E. B. ‘‘Geographical Distribution of the Genus
Lesquerella.”’

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 13

In the limited space of this report it is not possible to in-
clude abstracts of the various published investigations of the
year, but brief indications may be given of the general na-
ture and significance of the papers.

Allen, E. R. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:1-44) has applied to
a physiological study of conditions affecting the soil nitrogen-
fixing organism, Azotobacter chroococcum, the view that phos-
phorus nutrition and active acidity may have been important
determining factors in the diverse results obtained by earlier
investigators. By the use of colloidal solutions and a mechan-
ical agitator for the solution cultures containing insoluble
precipitates considerable light has been thrown upon the im-
portant growth factors for this organism.

Allen, E. R., and Davisson, B. S. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
6 :45-48) describe an all-glass nitrogen apparatus of Pyrex
glass in which rubber stoppers are eliminated and there is
effected efficient scrubbing of the entrained alkali from the
steam.

Burt, E. A. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:143-145) adds to
his earlier communication notes on five species of Merunus
in North America.

Burt, E. A. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:171-174). Hebeloma
hortense, a new species, collected in flower beds of the Mis-
sour! Botanical Garden, proves to be an edible mushroom of
desirable quality and of distinctive flavor

Burt, E. A. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:175-177). A new
Protomerulius is described and the species named after the
late Professor W. G. Farlow This species is characterized by
pores more minute than those of any other known fungus.
The plant as a whole is very delicate and unusual.

Burt, E. A. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:252-279), continuing
his monograph of the Thelephoraceae of North America, in-
cludes five genera, namely, Tulasnella, Veluticeps, Myecobonia,
Kpithele, and Lachnocladium, in the present article. Two
new species (one in Epithele and one in Lachnocladium) are
established and one species (Pterula setosa) transferred to
Lachnocladium by Saceardo in 1880, is excluded.

Dodge, C. W. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:71-92) has made a
biochemical study of the amino-acid, tyrosin, as it occurs in
eertain fleshy fungi. His results suggest that the tyrosinase
reaction is not a deamination and that the tyrosin molecule
becomes more complex prior to decomposition.

14 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Duggar, B. M. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:179-181), improv-
ing upon the method of hydrogen ion determination by the
indicator method mentioned above, shows that the Du Boscq
micro-colorimeter may be employed with very small quanti-
ties of fiuids and without the use of special cells. The plunger
tube and the usual colorimeter cup on each side of the instru-
ment serve respectively for the shield solutions and for the
sample and the standard employed.

Duggar, B. M., and Davis, Anne W. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
6:159-170). For the cultivation of seed plants in pure cul-
tures it is shown that for the seed tested the ordinary eau de
Javel (potassium hypochlorite) is a better disinfectant than
any previously employed. The advantages of this substance
over alcohol, formalin, mercuric bichloride, calcium hypo-
chlorite, ete., are obvious from the numerous tables presented.

Duggar, B. M., and Dodge, C. W. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
6:61-70) develop a method whereby greater accuracy in the
determination of the hydrogen ion concentration of biological
fluids by the indicator method is effected by means of the
colorimeter. In this case special cells fitting one into another
are employed instead of the usual colorimeter cups. The
natural color in sample biological fluids is compensated for
by suitable shields of the same solution.

MeGinty, R. A. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:223-251) has
traced the changes taking place in some of the important car-
bohydrates during growth of the tuber of the common potato,
at the same time devoting special attention to the relative
enzyme (diastase) activity as the tuber develops from an early
stage to maturity.

Matsumoto, T. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6 :306-316) presents
results of infection experiments with several species of
Melampsora on species of Salix and Populus in Japan, estab-
lishing more completely the relationship of these forms.

Moore, G. T., and Karrer, J. L. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
6 :280-305). From this investigation it is demonstrated that
there is a subterranean or soil algal flora which is to a great
degree independent of locality and character of the soil. The
number of algae is not considerable but the variety almost as
great as at the surface. There is a constant occurrence of
Protoderma viride. Algal growth often extends to a depth of
100 em.

Schmitz, H. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:93-136) has contrib-
uted the first important results in a study of the effect of bac-

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 15

teria on the action of fungi causing decomposition and decay
of timber. It is found that the bacteria used play no impor-
tant part in the decay of wood, and the effect of these organ-
isms on the wood-rotting fungi varies considerably with the
different forms of the latter and with the different types of
wood.

Schmitz, H., and Zeller, S. M. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6 :193-
200) have isolated the various ferments (enzymes) which may
be found in three wood-destroying fungi (Polyporus lucidus,
Armillaria mellea, and Daedalea confragosa) as these fungi
are grown in laboratory cultures.

Webb, R. W. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:201-222) presents
data showing the importance of active acidity in the germina-
tion of the spores of several species of fungi. In general, it
is found that the majority of the fungi used show maximum
germination with a relatively high acidity. Some species
show a secondary maximum at or near the neutral point, and
the outstanding feature of particular interest is the relatively
low percentage germination under conditions of active alka-
linity. It is felt that the data here developed may be of
fundamental importance in the practical study of fungicides
or spray mixtures.

Young, H. C. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6:147-158) reviews
earlier studies on seed disinfection for pure culture work,
and on the basis of his experiments concludes that diverse
disinfecting agents may be required depending upon the
nature of the seed used or upon the conditions to which the
seed have been subjected with respect to contamination by
bacteria and moulds.

Zeller, S. M., and Dodge, C. W. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
6:49-59) present descriptions and notes on the American
species Arcangeliella, Gymnomyeces, and Macowanites. Of the
first-named genus, there are two American forms and only
one which does not occur in this country. A single new spe-
cies in each of the genera Gymnomyces and Macowanites is
described.

Zeller, S. M., Schmitz, H., and Duggar, B. M. (Ann. Mo.
Bot. Gard. 6:137-142). It is demonstrated that many wood-
destroying fungi do not grow readily in liquid media and that
there is great diversity in the different forms as to the most
favorable medium. Within the usual range of biological
media there is no general rule which may be established as
to a favorable hydrogen ion concentration.

16 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

HERBARIUM

The herbarium has made marked progress during the year
in adding to its collections, in more thoroughly organizing
the material of several groups of families, and in the installa-
tion of additional cases. A room on the third floor of the
main building is being equipped with new steel cases which
will accommodate in adequate manner for several years the
rapidly growing collection of grasses.

New Accessions.—The most important single accession of
the year has been that of the private herbarium of the late
Mr. D. A. Watt, of Montreal, Canada. This herbarium con-
sists primarily of ferns and fern allies and is estimated to
contain about 10,700 specimens from different parts of the
world, but mainly from North America. Other noteworthy
accessions acquired since the last annual report are the fol-
lowing: from the Arnold Arboretum, 1,405 plants collected
by H. J. Palmer in the Ohio River Valley chiefly in the state
of Illinois; C. F. Baker, 200 ‘‘Fungi Malayana’’; E. Barthol-
omew, 200 ‘*North American Uredinales’’; C. E. Bessey, 120
fungi of Michigan; B. F. Bush, 862 plants of Missouri, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Minnesota, ete.; California Acad-
emy of Science, 242 plants of California and Alaska; J. R.
Churchill, 768 plants chiefly from New England; College de
Longueuil, 206 plants of Canada; F. 8. Collins, 100 algae from
various localities and 50 specimens of algae in the series
‘‘Phycotheca Boreali-Americana’’; A. R. Davis, 312 plants
of California; Rev. John Davis, 915 plants of Missouri, North
Carolina, South Carolina, ete.; Alice Eastwood, 280 plants
of California; A. D. E. Elmer, 1,050 plants of the Philippine
Islands; W. H. Emig, 143 plants of Oklahoma; H. C. Han-
son, 316 plants of Texas; J. Arthur Harris, 75 plants of
Arizona; K. Hassler, 979 plants of Paraguay; R. Hoffmann,
1,002 plants of Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and Missouri; P.
Jorgensen, 551 plants of Argentina; C. H. Knowlton, 250
plants of New England; E. L. Moseley, 300 plants of Ohio;
New York Botanical Garden, 1,112 plants mainly from Colom-
bia; 8. B. Parish, 120 plants of southern California ; Philadel-
phia Academy of Natural Sciences, 966 plants of Alberta and
British Columbia; P. C. Standley, 3,250 plants of Mexico col-
lected mostly by Bro. G. Arséne; F. L. Stevens, 124 fungi of
Porto Rico; United States National Museum, 338 plants of
North America; H. von Schrenk, 95 North American fungi;

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN a7

J. R. Weir, 619 fungi mostly from western United States; A.
Yasuda, 75 fungi of Japan; S. M. Zeller, 64 fungi chiefly
from Oregon. A detailed list of all accessions received during
the year has been recorded in the current numbers of the
BULLETIN.

Mounting and Distribution—The mounting of herbarium
specimens has continued through the year, but only a little
more than one-half of the number of specimens acquired has
been mounted and incorporated in the organized herbarium.
The sorting, identifying, and distribution of specimens of
current accessions, as well as those acquired in previous years,
have occupied a considerable part of the time of the small
herbarium staff.

Field Work.—The field work incidental to a botanical sur-
vey of the Southwest, which has been conducted during the
past five years, has been temporarily discontinued, and in lieu
of it, arrangements were made with the Arnold Arboretum to
secure a complete set of the plants collected in the Ohio River
Valley during the entire season of 1919 by Mr. Ernest J. Pal-
mer. Some local field work, however, has been carried on
in Missouri, Illinois, and Arkansas.

Exchanges.—Several important series of herbarium speci-
mens have been aequired from institutions and individuals
with whom the Garden herbarium maintains exchange rela-
tions. No general distribution of duplicate material has been
made this year.

Use of the Herbarium by Outside Botanists—A. relatively
large number of visiting botanists have consulted the herbar-
ium during the year in connection with monographic studies,
but especially to examine historical type specimens. It has
been found necessary to limit materially the loan of herbar-
ium specimens, mainly on account of the risk involved in
shipping but also because of the frequent fragmentation of
specimens. Nevertheless, every effort has been made to facil-
itate as far as possible the work of specialists who are engaged
in monographing technical and difficult groups as well as
those occupied with intensive floristic studies. Dr. Norma E.
Pfeiffer of the University of North Dakota spent the entire
summer at the herbarium in continuation of her monographic
study of the genus Isoetes. Substantial progress has been
made in this important undertaking and the monograph is
nearing completion.

18 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Statistical Summary: (For the year ending December 31,
1919.)

Number of specimens received on new accessions:

Piet -PUPCHARS: «o's sds she vee eke ee'e 21,203
Pee Meee td 29% Gh ete Alo ee 8.8 «vi? 4 89054 3,181
By GROHANEO . cnc scccccccccccoes 4,683
AAD Aah eer ee eee ee 29,067 valued at $ 2,906.70
Number of specimens mounted and
{NCOrMporated§ ...6.ceecreccvesences 15,527 valued at 3,105.40
Number of specimens discarded from
TIC HOY OBTIOU ss o00 58 08% be ess vee 347
Number of specimens in organized
PDR ETUIN:. §<4s psn dead ha wales valen's s 847,707 valued at 129,411.20
Number of specimens in unorganized
herbarium (estimated)...........-. 78,540 valued at 6,554.00
Wood specimens, etc., supplementing
tiie. “NOSDATIUING 6665 vis ce ese ewees valued at 280.00
Microscope slides, etc.............-- valued at 410.00
Wistal:. waluation. 5cciss 0 s000s 0 cued + Maee’ $136,655.20
LIBRARY

The usual library work of checking up and entering cur-
rent numbers of the many hundreds of serial botanical pub-
lieations which the library receives annually and finally
places in the form of bound volumes on the shelves has been
earried on throughout the year. Accessions of other books
by donation and purchase are stated in the statistical portion

below.

During the latter part of 1919, many serial publications in
arrears during the war have been received from Germany,
and others are arriving each week but our files are far from

complete as yet.

Only a very few catalogues of book offerings have yet be-
gun to arrive from the great foreign book marts of second-
hand books. These catalogues offer greatly diminished lists
of scientific books in eomparison with catalogues of pre-
war years and seem to be largely odds and ends of old
stock offered at advanced prices. In one instance a colored
slip attached to the first page gives notice that prices are ad-
vanced 50 per cent above those stated in the catalogue ‘‘on
account of great costs.’’ So far, these offerings have afforded
no opportunities for filling gaps of long standing in our
serials.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 19

Publications.—The current volume of the ANNALS OF THE
Missouri BoranicaL GARDEN, which is our principal exchange
for publications of scientific societies and institutions, contains
315 pages, 5 plates, and 30 text figures, and records the re-
sults of botanical researches by the scientific staff and grad-
uate students of the Garden. It was computed on the basis
of pre-war prices that the value per year of exchanges re-
ceived for the ANNALS was about $1,500. Some exchanges
are received for the Garden BuuLietIn. Both the ANNALS
and the BULLETIN are supplied to regular subscribers; separ-
ates of the various articles in the ANNALS are for sale by the
library. The cash receipts for subscriptions and separates
for the year were $428.54.

Loans of Books.—The use of the library in botanical re-
search is not limited to persons connected with the Garden.
During the year there were loans of 58 works to 20 institu-
tions for use by their investigators. Such loans are made on
the interlibrary plan; the borrower makes application for
the loan through the library of his university, which is re-
sponsible for the return of the book in good condition at the
expiration of the term and for payment of transportation both
ways. Many botanists visit the library at intervals during
the year and work out matters of importance to them. The
Garden is generally regarded to have the best botanical
library in the United States and the best arranged for con-
venience of consultation.

Statistical.—There have been 422 volumes, valued at
$826.27, and 1,194 pamphlets, valued at $215.20, donated to
the library; and 269 volumes, valued at $1,032.63, and 18
pamphlets, valued at $15.80 purchased. The library now con-
tains 36,646 books and 47,783 pamphlets, a total of 84,429,
valued at $125,317.18. There are also 329 manuscripts, valued
at’ $1,605.80, and 937,145 index ecards, valued at $9,538.51. A
total of 6,904 index cards have been added; of which 1,047
were typewritten by Garden employees, and 4,977 purchased
at a cost of $117.18. The number of books bound was 216.

NOTES

Mr. G. H. Pring, Horticulturist to the Garden, lectured
before the St. Louis Garden Club, December 16, on ‘‘ Plant
Propagation and Graftage.’’

Mr. Alexander Lurie, formerly Horticulturist to the Gar-
den, visited the Garden during the meetings of the American
Association for Advancement of Science.

20 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Dr. W. W. Bonns, formerly Rufus J. Lackland Fellow,
now Director Botanical Research, Eli Lilly Drug Co., Indian-
apolis, Indiana, recently spent two weeks at the Garden
utilizing the facilities of the graduate laboratory and library.

Recent visitors to the mycological herbarium of the Gar-
den have been Dr. E. A. Bessey, of Michigan Agricultural
College, Dr. C. H. Kauffman, of the University of Michigan,
Dr. Mary Whetstone, of the Minneapolis Mycological Club,
and Dr. H. N. Whetzel, of Cornell University.

During the meeting of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and affiliated societies an afternoon
session was arranged at the Garden on December 31 for the
Botanical Society of America, the American Phytopathologi-
eal Society, and the American Society of Horticultural
Science. After a trip of inspection through the greenhouses
and buildings, a buffet luncheon was served in the labora-
tories followed by a scientific program.

The mycological library and herbarium was consulted
during the meetings of the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science by the following: Dr. J. C. Arthur,
of Purdue University; Dr. H. W. Anderson, of the Univer-
sity of Illinois; Dr. B. B. Higgins, of Georgia Agricultural
Experiment Station; Dr. H. 8S. Jackson, of Purdue Univer-
sity ; Dr. C. E. Fairman, of Lyndonville, New York; Dr. L. O.
Overholts, of Pennsylvania State College; Dr. C. W. Dodge,
of Brown University ; and Mr. E. Bethel, of Denver, Colorado.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 21

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR DECEMBER, 1919

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:

PO) DUINDON, OL VISICOl Ss <5 640% s ae ku aa baa mee bees 10,296
PLANT ACCESSIONS:

Total number of plants and seeds received as gifts.... 199

Total number of plants distributed in exchange........ 90

Total number of seed packets distributed in exchange.. 100

LIBRARY ACCESSIONS:

Total number of books and pamphlets bought......... 50
Total number of books and pamphlets donated......... 141

HERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:
By Purchase—
Arnold Arboretum—Plants of the Ohio River Valley,

chiefly Illinois, collected by E. J. Palmer......... 1,405
Rev. John Davis—Plants, mainly from South Carolina 200
A. D. E. Elmer—Plants of the Philippine Islands..... 1,050
Dr. E. Hassler—Plants of Paraguay................... 979
C. H. Knowlton—Plants of New England............. 250

By Gift—
Prof. P. J, Anderson—Hydnum laeticolor B. & C....... 1
Prof. E. A. Bessey—Fungi of Gogebic Co., Mich....... 4
B. F. Bush—Plants of North and South Carolina...... 133
Ira W. Clokey—Senecio from Colorado.............. a Gk
Prof. W. C. Coker—Fungi of North Carolina.......... 19
Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant—Mimulus of California....... 7
Dr, H. D. House—Fungi of New York................ 55
Dr. L. O, Overholts—Stereum cinerascens............. 1
BH. J. Palmer—Plants of Jasper Co., Missouri.......... 21
Dr. J. R. Weir—Brush disposal fungi................. 334
Dr. S. M. Zeller—Fungi of Oregon.................... 41

By Exchange—
California Academy of Science, by Miss Alice East-

wood—Plants of California and Alaska........... 242
U. S. National Museum, by P. C. Standley—Specimens

of Aquilegia from Glacier National Park........... 3

Total: ..cciesiedscchraes wiecc ce ee es back Sd Oo eease 4,756

The Garden is open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas — week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
south from all intersecting lines.

} in ‘ ‘ ; GEORGE ws MOORE. , aX

|

NN VON SOHRENK,

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Missouri Boranicat
- Garpen BULLETIN

——

Vol. VIII = ~~ FEBRUARY, 1920. No. 2

CONTENTS

Orchida trom: Seed ojo ha a hide oa Ogg
The. Treatment of Lawns. 9. 8S ae ee 8
pemnes CARING yr ci ee ea eM Shes eS ON ae a
Notes ges Mr din MALIA Bat ices, Og ci ee a DRC TEFLON BFE |
pemetivel Information “9 2 Ei mer Leen une Ge ee. aD

Atlan. Be 0S.
ee
ST. LOUIS, MO.
i 1920
lished Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees
? . SUBSCRIPTION PRICE:
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

he

- BOARD OF TRUSTEES»
OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

(

THE - ORIGINAL MEMBERS WERE DESIGNATED. IN MR. SHAW’S WiLL
; “AND. THE BOARD SO CONSTITUTED, EXCLUSIVE OF THE |
i MeRCORFICAD ee is SELF-PERPETUATING

“EDWARDS WHITAKER, =

de S DATED SoH. SMITE Cra al ey Ue

ae c. Dav. LRONARD MATTHEWS. _

" Epwan ©. Eso. 0 Bas ON Wim H. eS Pervvs. ; at

- Gxoncr C. Hrreno0cK. . ay PHILIP Cc. AS Ks = ;

a Sue histeane: Ae Joun F. SHEPEEY. =

_EXOFFI clo MEMBERS

- Puepenro A. Hatt, 4 ay sana Moony |
Chancellor of Washington University. Prosident, ~ The Academy of Science of |

“Hexer w. ‘Kien, <3 JESSE MoDowata, *
Mayor of the Ghy of Lae Louis. Sry mt of the. Board of Education We

4

Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri. -

wel

+ :

hee Se CHARLES A. Rok, Secretary. SAT ved

Mo. Bor. GARD. B L., VOL. 8, 1920. PLATE

PAPHTIOPEDILUM “D. S. BROWN.”

Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., February, 1920 No. 2

ORCHIDS FROM SEED

The restriction recently placed by the Federal Horticul-
tural Board on the importation of orchids has given the
orchid grower an extremely difficult problem to solve, espe-
cially the commercial florist who has depended absolutely
upon importations. Orchid raising is in its infaney in this
country, the American hybrids possibly aggregating not more
than 1 per cent of those tabulated in the Orchid Stud Book.
In European countries hybrids have been raised for years in
the various private collections, particularly in England and
Belgium. During the war the finest collections of the latter,
however, were lost.

In recent years the commercial florist has sold the cattleya
orchid at the same price as roses and commoner flowers, and
considerable experience has been required to place the
coveted flower within this reach. It is generally conceded
that the ecattleyas of the ‘‘labiata’’ type deteriorate under
artificial cultivation, and periodical importations from the
tropics, by the thousands of cases, have been necessary to
maintain the floral supply. If the future supply will all have
to be raised from the almost microscopic seeds the minimum
period of five years will be necessary, and the orchid flower
will again be the choice rarity of the millionaire. The germi-
nation of the seeds depends upon the action of a symbiotic
mycorrhizal root fungus, without which, failure is certain.
During the entire period from pollination to the flowering
stage the plants demand constant attention. Eight to ten
months is necessary from the pollination of the flower to the
ripening of the seed pod and at least five years from pollina-
tion to production of flowers. Thus, while the orchid hybrid-
ist is waiting for his seeds to develop other hybridists ex-
perimenting with sweet-peas, carnations, water-lilies, ete.,
have succeeded in raising their plants to the coveted flower.
ing stage. Few florists will therefore undertake to raise the
trade cattleyas from seed.

(23)

24 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Insects upon imported orchid plants, according to our ob-
servations covering a number of years, are extremely rare. In
fact, during the last fourteen years, only two shipments were
infected with borers. These are commonly referred to as the
orchid fly and the dendrobium beetle, and their eradication,
according to our experiments, was a simple matter. In the
early stage the presence of the larvae is indicated by an ab-
normal swelling of the young growth from strap-shaped to
pear-shaped. (See Missouri Botanical Garden BULLETIN,
Vol. 4, page 88.) Orchids are generally imported to a perma-
nent destination, unlike roses, carnations, etc., which are an-
nually vegetated to be shipped to all parts of the country, and
it is therefore policy for the florist to keep his plants under
strict observation for depredating insects.

Unless the government order is rescinded the florist will
have to turn from the showy epiphytic types to the terres-
trial or semi-terrestrial lady’s slippers. Raising even this
variety from seed would not be profitable. The present stock
of orchids in this country may be rapidly increased, however,
by the annual division of the vegetative growths which read-
ily adapt themselves to this medium of propagation. In the
western states it is essential to divide the parent plants
periodically to increase flower production.

NEW HYBRID LADY’S SLIPPER

A new hybrid lady’s slipper raised in the Garden orchid
houses during the last five years has just produced its first
flower. This is the first slipper orchid raised at the Garden
to reach the flowering stage and will bear the name of ‘‘D. S.
Brown”’ in honor of the man who brought the Garden orchid
collection up to the present standard. The parents of the
hybrid were Paphiopedilum barbatum Crossti, a native of the
Malay region, and the hybrid P. Harrisianum superbum.
Both were dark-flowering types, but the color of the offspring
is greenish yellow with a prominent white dorsal sepal, the
upper portion being flushed with bright purple. The mar-
gins twist back with age, resembling P. villosum, the parent
of P. Harrisianum. The general shape of the flower suggests
P. Harrisianum, with the exception of the broad dorsal por-
tion with its prominent venation, this being plainly indica-
tive of P. barbatum.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 25

THE TREATMENT OF LAWNS

The importance of a good lawn cannot be overestimated.
Constituting, as it frequently does, from 75 to 90 per cent of
the landscape effect, its condition may enhance or destroy the
beauty of additional plantings of shrubs or flower-beds. In
spite of this fact, the average householder, while willing to
spend both money and time on flowers and vegetables, is con-
tent to let the lawn go with an occasional mowing, and then
wonders why it is so difficult to maintain a good stand of
grass in St. Louis. That it is not as easy to secure as satisfae-
tory a lawn in this locality as in cooler, moister climates z0es
without saying, but it is likewise a fact that given the same
proportionate care and attention as other outdoor gardens
the results will be equally worth while. In fact, it is not until
we are willing to regard the lawn as truly a garden, just as
we would a collection of blooming or fruiting plants, that any
real success may be attained. Fortunately, in proportion to
its area a lawn once established does not require as much
labor or money as most other kinds of gardens. However,
one should no more think of attempting to have a lawn with-
out properly preparing the soil, attending to the necessary
fertilizing, reseeding, mowing, ete., than he should think of
growing flowers and vegetables without the necessary atten-
tion.

In the March, 1913, number of the BunLerin the subject of
lawns for St. Louis was discussed and the information therein
contained has been of considerable assistance to those willing
to follow directions. The time seems to have arrived for a
Supplementary article on lawns, treated from a little different
standpoint, which it is hoped may emphasize the fundamental
principles in securing what is so necessary an adjunct in the
proper setting of a house.

After the surface of the ground has been brought to the
proper grade and all rocks and other rubbish removed. the
most essential work is to prepare the ground for seeding. In
the vicinity of St. Louis the surface soil consists of a clay
loam, which, in its original state, is well suited to the growing
of lawn grasses. In most instances, however, this top soil has
been buried in the operation of grading and the stiff clay sub-
soil brought to the surface. It is then important to lighten
and enrich the soil by plowing or spading in a heavy applica-
tion of well-decomposed stable manure. This initial prepara-
tion is very important because the lawn cannot be cultivated
after seeding. If good, thoroughly decomposed manure is not
to be obtained, the same result may be secured by sowing

26 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

cowpeas (Vigna sinensis) or crimson elover (Trifolium pra-
tense), turning this crop under, and adding bone meal at the
rate of 600 pounds to the acre.

Having brought the surface to a very fine and mellow con-
dition we are ready for seeding. Kentucky blue-grass (Poa
pratensis) is the ideal lawn grass for this section of the coun-
try, but owing to its slow growth during the early stages of
‘ts life it must be mixed with some more robust-growing kind
which will protect the blue-grass by its shade and prevent
the growing of weeds. This is particularly important if the
seed is planted in the spring of the year, when all sorts of
weeds are competing with the growth of the grasses. One of
the best varieties for this purpose is the red-top (Agrostis
alba var. vulgaris), which is used in mixture with the blue-
grass in the ratio of one to two or one to three. For quick
results English rye grass (Lolawm perenne var. tenue) may
be used, making the mixture: blue-grass 50 per cent, red-top
25 per cent, English rye grass 25 per cent. On sloping
grounds where heavy rains may wash out the seeds or young
grasses before they have become thoroughly established a
slight sprinkling of oats should be given. They germinate
quickly and their roots hold the soil until the grasses become
established. A few cuttings with the mower will eliminate
the oats.

Plenty of seed should be used in starting a new lawn, 60
pounds to the acre being about the minimum. Care should be
taken to apply the seed evenly, this being accomplished either
by hand seeding or by the use of special seeders manufac-
tured for the purpose. The best time for seeding is gen-
erally either early in the morning or near evening on a
day when there is little or comparatively no wind. August
or early September are the best months for seeding. At that
time the grass seed will have very little competition with
germinating weed seed and enough moisture is generally sup-
plied by nature to establish the grasses sufficiently to stand
the winter, provided a slight top dressing of well-decomposed
manure or bone meal mixed with soil is applied in late
autumn. The bone meal should be given at the rate of 400
pounds to the acre. If it is not possible, however, to sow seed
in the autumn almost any month during the growing season
will do, particularly the spring months, March, April and
May. Reseeding the bare spots on the lawn may be done at
any time during the year when the surface of the soil can be
worked into a mellow condition with a rake. Seed should
always be kept on hand for this purpose, and whenever a bare
spot is noticed it should be seeded at once.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 27

The lawn should be tamped or rolled after seeding to bring
the seeds into close contact with the soil and to prevent undue
evaporation of moisture. The roller should also be used in
early spring to compact the soil which has been loosened by
the action of thawing and freezing during the winter, and
also to make the lawn smooth for mowing.

For quick results sod may be used, and steep banks and
terraces should always be sodded rather than seeded, as
should also the edges of roads and walks along a newly made
lawn. It is important that the sod be cut as thin as possible
and kept clean and free from weeds, and that the ground
be properly prepared before it is laid. Sod properly cut and
laid grows very easily, provided it is set firmly in the surface
of the ground by the use of a roller or tamper and that it is
thoroughly soaked with water until established.

Grass should be cut as soon as it is a few inches high, eare
being taken to see that the mower is very sharp so as not to
pull out any of the young grasses. This cutting should be
continued throughout the season, and it is particularly essen-
tial to have the grass short during the winter.

A good lawn will carry through the season without any
artificial watering, but if a greensward is desired during the
hot summer watering becomes essential. When watering, the
soil should be saturated to a good depth and then not watered
again until thoroughly dry. The general custom of a daily
superficial sprinkling is most injurious to the lawn.

Most annual weeds are eradicated by the mower. One ex-
ception is the crab-grass (Panicum sanguinale), which is most
destructive to lawns. It first becomes noticeable at the end
of May or the beginning of June, and from that time on it
grows very rapidly, spreading the more it is cut and throw-
ing out stems which root at every node. Crab-grass may be
held in check by cutting the lawn as little as possible during
the month of July and the first part of August, and when cut-
ting to adjust the mower to cut as high as possible. The
leaves of the lawn grasses will then shade the soil sufficiently
to keep the stems of the erab-grass from coming in contact
with the soil, thereby preventing them from taking root.
Then, about August 10th to 15th, the grass should be cut
short, the lawn raked with a sharp-toothed iron rake to make
the remaining crab-grass stand up, the grass cut very short
again, and the raking repeated. After this the lawn is seeded
lightly, cut again, the clippings allowed to remain to protect
the seed, and the lawn watered thoroughly. It will be found
that this operation has destroyed most of the crab-grass.

28 MISSOURI BOTANICAL, GARDEN BULLETIN

Perennial weeds, such as the dandelion (Taraxacum offe-
cinale), plantain (Plantago Rugelwi), and burdock (Arctium
Lappa), may be eut out with a knife, or they may be erad-
ieated by spraying with a solution consisting of two pounds
of iron sulphate dissolved in one gallon of water. This should
be applied in a very fine spray, five or six times during the
season, preferably on a bright day to prevent it being washed
off by rain. It should be applied two or three days after
mowing, and the lawn should not be mown until two or three
days after. This solution will discolor clothes and stone
walks.

All lawns should have a top dressing of well-decomposed
stable manure at least once every three or four years, and
other fertilizers should be used whenever the lawn needs
enriching. Sheep manure and wood ashes are excellent for
the dressing of lawns. They may be used, mixed in equal
parts, at the rate of 200 pounds to the acre. In the spring,
before growth commences, is the best time for application.
Bone meal is a slow-working but very good lawn fertilizer and
is applied in fall or winter at the rate of 400 pounds to the
acre. Air-slaked lime or limestone dust will neutralize acid-
ity in soils and make them more suitable for the growth of
Kentucky blue-grass. Lime should be used as a winter dress-
ing at the rate of 35 or 40 bushels to the acre. Nitrate of soda
is a very quick-working fertilizer which makes the grass grow
very fast and greatly intensifies its color. This should be ap-
plied in early spring, just as growth commences, at the rate
of 200 pounds to the acre. To prevent the chemicals from
absorbing the moisture of the soil or from the plant tissues
the application should be made just before a rain or after
watering. Commercial fertilizers should not be applied at the
time of seeding, as they may destroy the seed.

JAMES GURNEY

Mr. James Gurney, head gardener emeritus to the Missouri
Botanical Garden, died at the age of eighty-nine, on Jan-
uary 15, 1920.

Mr. Gurney came to St. Louis from England in 1867 and
within a few days after his arrival entered into the employ of
Mr. Shaw. From that time until Mr. Shaw’s death, he was
actively engaged in developing the Garden along the lines
laid down by Mr. Shaw, and many of the early collections of
plants and shrubs and trees were the result of Mr. Gurney’s
thought and eare. In 1903 Mr. Gurney was relieved from ac-
tive duty at the Garden, devoting all of his time to Tower

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 29

Grove Park, but he never lost his love for and interest in the
Garden. Thus there has passed one of the last links between
the founder of the Missouri Botanical Garden and the pres-
ent day—-a man who, because of his natural love for plants
and flowers, and his unusual skill, has helped to build the
reputation of the institution and bring it to its present stage
of development.

One of the duties of Mr. Gurney as head gardener was to
give instruction to the Garden pupils, and the following trib-
ute from Professor A. T. Erwin, of the lowa Agricultural
College, is presented as an indication of the esteem in which
he was held by those who were most intimately associated
with him:

‘“The death of James Gurney marks the passing of an old
and familiar figure in the history of the Missouri Botanical
Garden. His career covers the history of the Garden from
the very days of its inception. The writer well recalls in his
course as a Garden pupil in the nineties, the many bits of
early-day history he passed out to the class: ‘Here was a
tree planted by Mr. Shaw, in a certain year, etc.’ Most
every landmark about the grounds earried a page of history
which Mr. Gurney could recite to you with interest and in
detail if you caught him in the right mood. His going marks
the passing of one of the very last of the old guard—the
pioneers in the gardening profession of America.

‘‘Mr. Gurney was by nature a plant lover and possessed
to a high degree the ‘plant instinct,’ if I may be permitted
to use the expression. In completing his lecture on any topic,
he commonly wound up with the admonition, ‘Treat thy
plants, boys, as thee would treat thvself,’ which, after all,
contains a good deal of wisdom.

‘“The water-lilies were Mr. Gurney’s hobby. When he was
wanted the first place to look for him was around the lily
ponds. I well recall his delight when Director Trelease re-
ported to him that a special appropriation had been allowed
for a Victoria Regia pond, about 1895, I think. Later he grew
an immense collection of seedling nympheas, out of which
he developed two or three valuable varieties.

‘“Temperamentally Mr. Gurney was conservative, and it
was seldom that he had to back up on a statement. On one
occasion we boys attempted to corner him on some mooted
scientific question, so a question box was instituted and the
first query ended, ‘If so, why so—if not, why not?’ He re-
plied jocularly, ‘Now, boys, that’s a corker, isn’t it?’ and

30 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

passed on to the discussion of a subject with which he felt
more familiar.

‘‘In those days there was not the well-organized staff and
the division of labor which exist at the Garden today. The
job of head gardener often included about everything—time-
keeper, label-writer, foreman, and what not. Careful, method-
ical, always on the job, courteous, and even-tempered even
under trying conditions, the work of Mr. Gurney deserves an
important place in the early-day history of the Garden and ~
Tower Grove Park, and the Garden pupils of his day remem-
ber his labors in their behalf with reverence and apprecia-
tion.”’

NOTES

Mr. L. P. Jensen, Arboriculturist to the Garden, spoke be-
fore the St. Louis Garden Club, January 20, on ‘‘The Use
of Nature Plants in Gardens.”’

Dr. C. W. Dodge, formerly Rufus .J. Lackland Fellow, has
recently been appointed Head of the Department of Botany
at Brown University, Providence, R. I.

Mr. G. H. Pring, Horticulturist to the Garden, talked be-
fore the St. Louis Natural History Museum Association, at

the Central Library, February 18, on ‘‘Curiosities of Plant
Life.’’

Mr. L. P. Jensen, Arboriculturist to the Garden, represented
the National Gardeners’ Association at the meeting of the
Board of Directors of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists, at Cleveland, January 23-24.

Recent visitors to the Garden include Dr. I. S. Maclean, of
the University of London, January 30; Dr. A. H. R. Buller,
Professor of Botany, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Can-
ada, February 7; Mr. R. J. Mohr, of Chicago, a former
pupil in the School for Gardening, Iebruary 21.

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR JANUARY, 1920

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:

‘Potal: NUM PSr OL VISILOIA. 6a iio waa sees teh eaw her ha > 3,599
PLANT ACCESSIONS:

Total number of plants received as gifts.............. 1

Total number of plants distributed in exchange........ 2
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS:

Total number of books and pamphlets bought......... 58
Total number of books and pamphlets donated........ 52

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 31

HERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:

By Purchase—
T. S. Brandegee—Plants of Mexico, collected by C. A.

UTD US meLleeOiO cere rat rok eta ce, csenerae ease) ee 100
A. A. Heller—Plants of Oregon and California......... 400
A. S. Kalenborn—Plants of the high Andes of Peru.... 141
Frank C. Seymour—Plants of Hampden County, Massa-

CIUBGULS Sh cteteetercctieretais ster oot aera aecists ar cmiars Perry 94
Th. Oswald Weigel—‘‘Westfalische Pilze’’ coll. by W.

IB TED RTA TIT Ce votes cdot Ae ont cea OR ONT AS tee ted ashe 24
Th. Oswald Weigel—‘‘Mycotheca Brasiliensis’” Cent. I.,

INOSs LL OOMINCIUSIV EG... cis oisichs-s eee cee cc's atts eee 100

By Gift—

E. Bartholomew—Thelephoraceous fungi.............. 3
Ira W. Clokey—Senecio amplectens Gray from Colorado 1
C. C. Deam—Senecios from Indiana.................. 8

Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant—Mimulus tricolor Lindl. and

M. modestus EHastw. from California.............. 2
Dr. B. B. Higgins—Septobasidium pseudopedicellatum ak
O. S. Ledman—Cultivated specimen of Schinus molle L. 1
C. G. Lloyd—Stereum ochraceo-flavum and 8S. san-

OMAN OLNEY eae ote he BPR ec abicrs) iets to ee eyes Oe ere sore aare ake 2
Dr. L. O. Overholts—Hebeloma hortense Burt.......... 1
Prof. Morton E. Peck—-Senecios from Oregon......... 13
W. W. Peterson—Cultivated specimen of Plumbago

CODCNSLS a LED ee ee ee eee ee Pe ee 1
F, Weiss—Fungi of Minnesota.....................00. 6
Erdman West-—Merulius coriwm............. OS Gini neues 1
Fred. T. Williams—I/lex decidua Walt. from Missouri. . 1

900

The Garden is open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas— week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
south from all intersecting lines. ,

Pathologist.

Epwarp A, Burt,
%. Fe Mycologist and Librarian,

-P. C. BRAWNER,
' Painter.

P. FOERSTER,
Farm and Stables.

BENJAMIN MiNcE Dvaaar,
Physiologist in charge of Graduate Laboratory,

HERMANN VON SOHRENK,

STAFF
OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Director,

GEORGE T. MOORE.

Jesse M. GREENMAN,
Curator of Herbarium.

RoserRt W,: WEBB, »
Research Assistant.

KATHERINE H. L&ieu,
Secretary to the Director.

NexL C. Horner, !
Editor of Publications.

G. H. Prine,
Horticulturist.

JOHN NOYEs,
Landscape Designer.

L. P. JENSEN,

_ Arboriculturist.

Paut A. Kout,
Floriculturist.

W. F. LANGAN,
Engineer .

H; VALLENTINE,
Construction.

Mlussouri BOTANICAL
GARDEN [BULLETIN

Vol. VIII MARCH, 1920 No. 3

—_—
—

CONTENTS

Collecting Native Plants forthe Garden. . . «. . . 33
Native Plants Suitable for Gardens of Missouri and Ad-

Foining Statew. sss race oe ee ee alee le og ee
Flower Show of the Garden Club of St. Louis. . . . 46
Notes PEE PO IN Wp PERE, SOBER ep OE yee Tae
Statistical Information . 2). 206 eet ee se 48

cae ees
st

ST. LOUIS, MO.
1920

Published Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE:
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR * SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

x

BOARD OF TRUSTEES
OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

THE ORIGINAL MEMBERS WERE DESIGNATED IN MR. SHAW’S WILL
AND THE BOARD SO CONSTITUTED, EXCLUSIVE OF THE
EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS, IS SELF-PERPETUATING

President,
BDWARDS WHITAKER.
Vice-President,
DAVID 8. H. SMITH. ~

Samvset C. DAvIs. LEONARD MATTHEWS.
Sy s Epwarp C. ELror. WriuMm H. H. Pertus.
; GmrorGE C. inickbeo: Pair C. SCANLAN,
ak Epwarp MALLINCKRODT. JoHN F. SHEPLEY.

EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS

Freperic A, HALL, Grorce T. Moore,
Chancellor of Washington University. een The Academy of Science of
St. Louis.
Henry W. KIEL, Jrssze McDoNALp,
Mayor of the City of St. Louis. President of the Board of Education of
St. Louis. -

Danret 8, TurrTuer,
Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri.

} CuHartes A. Ror, Secretary.

Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., March, 1920 No. 3

COLLECTING NATIVE PLANTS FOR THE GARDEN

Native plants, well suited as they naturally are, to local
climatic and soil conditions, are without a doubt the most
satisfactory for gardens in the vicinity of St. Louis and should
be used to a much greater extent than exotic materials. It
should not be concluded, however, that because a plant is
native to this section it will grow under all conditions,
or that all of them are easily transplanted from their own
environment into gardens. This idea has resulted in a ruth-
less destruction of some of our most desirable and valuable
native plants, first in the vicinity of larger cities, and, in later
years, owing to the popularity of the automobile, in ever-
widening cireles, with the result that native material is becom-
ing scarcer each year. Many desirable things which were
abundant near the city of St. Louis a few years ago are now
found in only a few almost inaccessible or well-guarded loca-
tions. It is for this reason that a careful study should be made
of the requirements of native plants as to soil, moisture, and
light, so as to establish these conditions before attempting to
introduce the plants into the plantations of local gardens.

In the series of articles which is to follow, the object
is not only to popularize the use of our native plants in the
garden, and if possible to create a horticulture particularly
suited to local conditions, but also to indicate the requirements
of these plants as to soil and environment. Such directions
as are given should, of course, be supplemented by personal
observation.

Large trees and shrubs should never be removed from
their native habitat except by persons skilled in such work.
Small plants may be collected and transplanted successfully
if care is taken to secure as much of the root growth as pos-
sible, reducing the top of the plant to a size comparable to
the spread of the roots taken up. In many instances the
removal of the entire top is necessary. The roots must be
kept moist from fhe moment the plant is dug until it is re-

(33)

34 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

planted, by wrapping them or the entire plant in paper or
burlap. Woody plants should be collected during the fall,
winter, or early spring months, while in dormant condition.

Hardy herbaceous perennials can be most successfully
moved while dormant. However, they may also be trans-
planted at other times of the year with fair success, if lifted
carefully with a lump of earth adhering to their roots, kept
moist until planted, and practically all of their leaves re
moved, to prevent undue evaporation of moisture until the
plant is established in its new home. Plants must be watered
immediately after transplanting and shaded for a few days.

Plants which are rare in any locality should be moved
only by one whose experience will guarantee a successful re-
sult, and such plants may generally be purchased from men
who make a specialty of growing them, or who are collecting
them in other localities where they are plentiful. The scarcity
of a plant in a certain section of the country does not always
indicate its scarcity in another.

Native plants needing protection—The following plants,
formerly abundant in this vicinity, are becoming very rare,
some of them almost, if not entirely, exterminated. For this
reason they should not be collected for any purpose whatso-
ever, but should be left to be admired in their native habitat.

BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME
ME MCCIANORIOT CONMAGENSIS. 0... ccc ccc scccccvesescuccsvaasie June-berry
OUSIC OID S OCGA GEG 2a. es civ cw cavecewabdocconweeevnis Columbine
ECCT NOUGC-APMQUAC. ove ccceinccscdsccreccsetes New England aster
PR a 5 ROR ne tl eS ne eA Wild hyacinth
Ceanothus AMECTICANUS... 0.0 cccccccccccecsccacccces New Jersey tea
SONNE THOTIOON 66a 80084 6:058 0 0S oe bnce cee e OOM Ee aa Flowering dogwood
OTS: DONACULIEE. 6-0in dics osisewecceseecwccnsens Panicled dogwood
Cypripedium CAandidum......scccccccaee Small white lady’s slipper
Cypripedium parviflorum...........200. Small yellow lady’s slipper
Cypripedium pubescens... ...cccsccccccccacens Yellow lady’s slipper
TIOMOCUENREOM DCAD... icaccc ccc cccccecascoececsbvece Shooting-star
Erythronium albidum..... ccc cece cee White dog’s tooth violet
Erythronium americanum..... RSs Gua a cen Wee Yellow dog’s tooth violet
-Euonymus atropurpurea. YV¥X IAD... eee eee Strawberry bush
eeseee; /ELL (BOOOLOR.. cis chee oF ale Sw 6 0c a lbs we saa ows nak bee eie Ferns
CPOTIAOIG, LL BOOCION: 6. <5 davis occ abiain c 0b a:b < s'dalonwa a ee Gentians
PE OOUMGG COUTELODG oo Wik oy ln Cade a cose chee’ Sharp-lobed liver-leaf
PRODUC, ATUOOG § 5 o.65h a amie aedas tos deetaaes Round-lobed liver-leaf
RN TA IPEIGCU Os oa 5's vs dni a ha mtd bass vu be nize a4 Ga gre bbw ce tte Winterberry
aE PRIOR « ia'a Sino eid ne ph CRC O46 050 aoe Cea ee Southern blue flag
OD OMT MEOORON ae iscslmciee wane céece curs cease xa a ae Large blue flag
TAGEORERTS COMMULOURG oS iavhcs le 4.4 divi’ 4 05.9 04 ots 050 oo oe aaa Wild yellow lily
Lilium philadelphicwm. ......... cc cece cc accecnccceces --.-Wood lily
EAS GUDOVDUIM. 2c ccc cnc sce cccncecenccsaceces Turk’s-cap lily

UCU COTTE 5 555 ss cho cc ceed acvaccwevewcccte Cardinal flower

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 35

COPCHLS -SDCCIODUNG 4 60) abs ed wwe wa sina p dh es on wkd Showy orchid
Physostegia virginiana. .... 2... ccc ccc cee ceeee False dragon-head
PEOUG,, Bat BONN ee hepa canines ead RG Bnd ow a ee dn Roses
BAdDOAtia ANQWIATIS... 0... ccc ccc eecccecccces Rose pink
Smilacina raceMosa........ 0... ccc cece cee cee False Solomon’s seal
Trillium grandiflorum.............0.6.. Large-flowered wake-robin
Verbena Canadensis... 00... ccc ccc cece ccccccee Showy verbena
VIOUE POGGIG pane tet pe eels ene a ee Bird’s-foot violet

In order that the citizens of St. Louis may be able to make
the most intelligent use of native material, lists of the wild
plants of the eastern United States suitable for various kinds
of planting, will be printed in the BuLuErtin during the cur-
rent year. There will be included lists on native plants for
water gardens, native perennials for the hardy border, native
hardy vines, native trees and shrubs with conspicuous flowers,
fruit, colored bark, or autumn foliage, native trees for streets,
and shrubs for streets, parks, and home grounds, native plants
for poor soil and smoky, unfavorable city conditions, and na-
tive conifers for gardens which are not in the smoky atmos-
phere of large cities.

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF
MISSOURI AND ADJOINING STATES

I. NATIVE PLANTS FOR ROCK GARDENS

A rock garden should, in a small way, be a duplication of
a natural rocky bank or similar situation where considerable
variation in soil and light conditions will permit the rowing
of a large variety of plants.

In this region the popular notion of confining a rock col-
lection to alpine and other plants of high altitude must be
abandoned, as these plants will not stand our changeable
climatic conditions. Such plants are well adapted to many
of the eastern and northern states, as well as some European
countries, and the directions for rock gardens given in various
books apply only to those sections. Fortunately the eastern
United States is particularly rich in planting materials suit-
able for rock-garden work, and if only native material or such
exotic species as experience has proved of value be used, some
very satisfactory results may be obtained.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the native plants
exclusively and to include only those which are of compact
growth and neat habit, omitting any which spread rapidly
underground and are likely to become obnoxious or difficult
to eradicate. The plants listed are mostly hardy herbaceous
perennials, and the few annuals and biennials are such as

36 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

readily reproduce themselves from seed. A very few low,
rock-loving shrubs have also been included.

Many of these plants may be obtained from American nur-
serymen and collectors, and those not at present offered by the
trade will no doubt be available as soon as their value has

been demonstrated.

Until then they must be collected from

their natural haunts, which in itself is a worth-while reerea-
tion for the maker of a rock garden.

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF MISSOURI
AND ADJOINING STATES.

a Approx.
‘ Approx.| Color of ;
Botanical name Common name ; 1 time of
height flowers bloom
3-8 *Agave virginica|Faise aloe 2-6’ Greenish May-June
vellow
8 Allium stellatum|Prairie wild onion 8-18” |Rose July-Aug.
8 Arabis confinis Purple rock-cress 1-3’ White or |June-July
pink
8 Arabis Virginia rock-cress 1-3’ White March-May
Ludoviciana
8 Arabis lyrata Lyre-leaved rock- 4-12” |Pure white |April-Sept.
cress
8 Arabis patens Spreading rock-cress | 1-2’ |White Summer
8 Arabis perfoliata |Tower mustard Yellowish- |May-Aug.
(biennial) white
8 Arenaria stricta |Rock sandwort 6-16” |White June-July
(tufted)
8 Asplenium Spleenwort 8-15” |Fern
ebeneum
8 Asplenium Maidenhair 3-8” |Fern
Trichomanes spleenwort
9 Aster Savory-leaved aster | 6-12” | Violet July-Oct,
linariifolius (low, tufted)
8 Aster Aromatic aster 1-214’ | Violet- Aug.-Oct.
oblongifolius purple
8 Astragalus Bent milk-vetch 8-15” |\Purple March-July
distortus
9 Baptisia Large-bracted wild 1-114’ |Cream April-May
bracteata indigo
& Ceanothus ovatus|Smaller red-root 1-2’ White May-June
(shrub)
8 Cheilanthes Woolly lip-fern 6-18” |Fern
lanuginosa
3 Delphinium Dwarf larkspur he Blue or May
tricorne white

*Key to soil conditions:

1. Clay.

2. Clay subsoil.
3. Clay loam.
4, Loam.

5. Leafmold.

6. Gravelly soil.
7. Sandy loam.
8. Disintegrated limestone.
9. Disintegrated flint.

Two or more numbers indicate a combination of soil conditions:
for example, 2-4 is loam with a clay subsoil.

-~

MISSOURL BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

37

Approx.
Botanica] name Common name eet pats time of
bloom
3 Dicentra eximia |Wild bleeding-heart | 1’ Pink May-Sept.
8 Draba cuneifolia |Whitlow grass 4-6" |White March-April
8 Echinacea Pale purple cone- 1-3’ White July-Oct.
pallida flower or pink
8 Echinacea Yellow cone-flower 3’ Yellow July-Oct.
paradora
3 Galium Wild licorice sid White May-July
circaezans
3 Galium Shining bedstraw 6” White June-Aug.
concinnum
3 Gypsophila Low gypsophyll 4-7” '|White June-Sept.
muralis (annual)
8 Heuchera villosa |Hairy heuchera 1-2’ White June-Sept.
2 Hydrangea Downy hydrangea 1-3’ White June-July
raainta (shrub)
8 Hypericum Bushy St. John’s- 1-3’ Yellow July-Sept.
densiflorum wort (shrub)
8 Hypericum Shrubby St. John’s- | 1-3’ Yellow July-Sept.
prolificum wort (shrub)
8 Hypericum Round-podded St. 1-2’ Yellow July-Sept.
sphaerocarpum John’s-wort (shrub)
8 Juniperus nana Low juniper a Us
(evergreen, low,
depressed )
8 Juniperus Sabina |Shrubby red cedar 4’
(evergreen,
procumbent)
9 Lechea major Hairy pinweed 1-2’ Purplish July-Aug.
9 Lechea Thyme-leaved 6-2’ Purplish Aug.-Sept.
thymifolia pinweed
9 Lechea Narrow-leaved 4-10” |Red-purple |July-Aug.
tenuifolia pinweed
8 Leavenworthia Michaux’s 3-6” |White or April
Michaucii leavenworthia purplish
(tufted)
9 Lespedeza repens |Creeping bush-clover Violet- Aug.-Sept.
(trailing) purple
8 Lithospermum Hoary puccoon 6-18” |Orange April-June
canescens
8 Monarda Bradbury’s monarda| 1-2’ Purple May-July
Bradburiana
8 Oenothera Missouri primrose i lg Yellow May-July
missouriensis
8 Ophioglossum Adder’s-tongue 2-12” May-Aug.
vulgatum
8 Opuntia Many-spined opuntia Yellow May-June
missouriensis (prostrate)
8 Opuntia Western prickly pear Yellow Summer
Rafinesquii (prostrate)
2 Panicum Smooth panicum 2-3/ Grass Aug.-Oct.
virgatum

38

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Botanical name Common name ~ Abeer Color of time of
eight flowers bl
oom
8 Pellaea Cliff-brake 4-12” |Fern
atropurpurea
3 Phloz stellaria Chickweed phlox 3-8” Pale blue /|April-May
3 Phlox subulata Moss pink 2-6” |Pink, April-May
(matted) purple,
white
8 Pimpinella Yellow pimpernel 1-3’ Yellow May-June
integerrima
8 Potentilla Three-toothed cinque-| 1-12” |White June-Aug.
tridentata foil
8 Ranunculus Harvey’s buttercup 8-18” {Bright April-May
Harveyi yellow
8-Rhus canadensis |Fragrant sumach 3-5’ Yellow March-April
(shrub)
2-Ribes gracile Missouri gooseberry | 3-5’ White May
(shrub)
8 Rudbeckia Orange cone-flower 1-3’ Yellow, Aug.-Oct.
fuigida orange
base
8 Ruellia ciliosa Hairy ruellia 1-15” |Blue June-Sept.
7 Sazxifraga Michaux’s saxifrage | 6-20” |White May-Sept.
Michauxii
7 Saxifraga Early saxifrage 1-2’ White or March-May
virginiensis purplish
3 Sedum Widow’s cross Rose-purple May-July
pulchellum (trailing)
3 Sedum American orpine 1-2’ Purple Aug.-Sept.
telephioides (tufted)
3 Sedum ternatum |Wild stone-crop White April-June
(low, tufted)
4-8 Selaginella Club moss 6-8” Spring
rupestris
3 Silene Wild pink (tufted) 4-10” |Pink April-June
pennsylwanica
7 Solidago bicolor |White golden-rod 6”-4’ |Yellowish .|July-Sept.
white
8 Solidago Drummond’s golden: 1-3’ Yellow Sept.-Oct.
Drummondii rod
8 Solidago humilis |Rock-bank golden- 6-18” |Yellow July-Sept.
rod
9 Solidago radula Rough golden-rod 1-3’ Yellow Aug.-Sept.
8 Solidago Rock golden-rod 2-3’ Yellow Aug.-Sept.
rupestris
8 Solidago Ragged golden-rod 2-5’ Yellow Aug.-Oct.
squarrosa
7 Talinum Fame flower 4-12” |Pink May-Aug.
teretifolium
8 Verbena Aubdletia |Large-flowered Blue, purple] April-June
verbena
9 Viola pedata Bird’s-foot violet 3-10” |Lilac or April-May
(tufted ) blue

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

O¢
e

PLANTS GROWING AMONG ROCKS IN MOIST AND SHADY

SITUATIONS aon
Approx.
Botanical name Common name Ke mae time of
8 bloom
3 Allium Chives al Pink, June-July
Schoenoprasum purple
8 Aquilegia Wild columbine 1-2’ Scarlet and /April-July
. canadensis yellow
8 Arabis laevigata |Smooth rock-cress 1-3’ Greenish April-May
white
3 Campanula Harebell 67-2’ Blue June-Sept.
rotundifolia
3 Camptosorus Walking-leaf 4-9” - |Fern
rhizophyllus
3 Corydalis flavula |Pale corydalis 6-14” |Yellow May-June
3 Dentaria diphylla |Two-leavyed tooth- 8-14” |White April-May
wort
3 Dentaria Slender toothwort 10-14” |Light April-May
heterophylla | purple
3 Dentaria Cut-leaved tooth- 8-15” |White or April-June
laciniata wort pink
3 Dicentra Squirrel-corn 6-12” |White May-June
canadensis
3 Dicentra Dutchman’s breeches! 5-10” |White April-May
Cucullaria
3 Dodecatheon Shooting-star ik Rose May-June
Meadia
3 Erythronium Yellow adder’s Grats Yellow March-May
americanum | tongue
3 Eruthronium White adder’s 6”-1’ |White March-May
albidwm tongue
2 Gillenia American ipecac 2-3’ White June-July
stipulacea
2 Gillenia Bowman’s root 2-3’ |White or |May-July
trifoliata pinkish
5-8 Hepatica triloba |Round-leaved liver- | 4-6” (|Blue, March-May
leat purple,
white
8 Heuchera Alum-root 2-3’ |Greenish /May-Aug.
americana
8 Heuchera Rugelii |Rugel’s heuchera 6”-2" White July-Sept.
3 Hypericum St. John’s-wort 1-2’ Yellow July-Sept.
cistifolium (shrub)
7 Mitella diphylla |Mitre-wort 6-18” |White April-May
3 Polygaia Senega |Seneca snakeroot 6-12” |White May-June
3 Potentilla Shrubby cinque-foil | 6-12” /Bright June-Sept.
fruticosa (shrub) yellow
8 Ribes Cynosbati |Wild gooseberry 3-5’ Green April-June
(shrub)
8 Sanguinaria Blood-root 6-14” |White March-April
canadensis
7 Sarifraga Cliff saxifrage 1-3’ White May
Forbesii
3 Thalictrum Purple meadow-rue | 2-4’ /|Purple May-June
DUTPUTAsCcens
3 Tiaretla False mitre-wort 6-12” |White April-May
cordifolia

40

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Botanical name Common name ‘hoieht pepe. time of
bloom
3 Trillium erectum \Ill-scented wake 8-16” |White April-May
robin
5-3 Trillium Large-flowered wake. 6-12” |Pink, white |April-May
grandiflorum robin
3 Trillium Prairie wakerobin | 6-18” |Purple April-May
recurvatum
3 Trillium sessile |Sessile-flowered 4-12” |Purple April-May
wake-robin
5-3 Uvuleria Large-flowered 1-2’ Yellow April-May
grandiflora bellwort
5-3 Uvularia Perfoliate bellwort « 6-20” |Yellow April-May
perfoliata
3 Verairum Woodii| False hellebore 2-5’ Purple June-July
3 Woodsia obtusa | Blunt-lobed woodsia | 3-6” |Fern

PLANTS GROWING IN DRY, SANDY, SUNNY SITUATIONS

7 Arenaria
caroliniana

3 Ascyrum
Cruz-Andreae

3 Ascyrum stans

3 Aster gracilis

3 Centrosema
virginianum

7 Hypericum
nudicaule

3 Lupinus perennis

7 Oenothera sinuata

8 Tragia
nepetaefolia

9-Vaccinium
vacillans

Pine-barren
sandwort

St. Andrew’s cross
(shrub)

St. Peter’s-wort

Graceful aster

Spurred butterfly-pea
(trailing)

Orange-grass
(annual)

Wild lupine

Evening primrose

Catnip tragia

Low blueberry

(shrub)

4-10”
5-10”
1-2’
1-2’

4-20”
1-2’

6-18”
6-15”

1-3’

White

Bright
yellow
Bright
yellow
Violet
Violet

Yellow
Blue
Yellow
Greenish

White

May-July
July-Aug.
July-Aug.

July-Sept.
July-Aug.

June-Oct.
May-June
May-June
May-Oct.

May-June

The list above enumerates only plants which actually prefer
rocky situations for their growth, and many of these will not
succeed elsewhere. These do not, however, exhaust the avail-
able native material for rock-garden purposes, and the fol-
lowing list includes a large number of beautiful plants which,
while not actually growing in rocky situations, are still suit-

able for a rock

garden.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

41

PLANTS GROWING IN DRY SOIL IN SUNNY SITUATIONS
Botant C Approx.| Color of pr cehees
otanical name ommon name height fiowera ‘acide
3 Anemone Long-fruited 2’ Greenish June-Aug.
cylindrica anemone white
3 Antennaria Plantain-leaf ever- 6-18” |Greenish April-June
plantaginifolia lasting white
7 Arenaria patula |Sandwort (annual) 4-10” |White April-May
8 Asclepias Butterfly-weed 1-2’ Orange June-Sept.
tuberosa
8 Asclepias Whorled milkweed 1-2’ White July-Sept.
verticillata
8 Aster laevis Smooth aster 2-3’ Blue-violet |Sept.-Oct.
3 Aster multiflorus |Dense-flowered aster] 1-3’ White Aug.-Nov.
3 Aster patens Late purple aster 1-3’ Purplish Aug.-Oct.
blue
3 Aster turbinellus |Prairie aster 2-3’ Violet Sept.-Oct.
3 Baptisia Large white wild 2-3’ White June-July
leucantha indigo
3 Baptisia © Wild indigo 1-2’ Yellow June-Sept.
tinctoria
3 Cassia nictitans |Wildsensitive plant] 6-15” |Yellow July-Oct.
3 OClitoria Mariana|Butterfly-pea a hd Pale blue (|June-July
3 Crassina Prairie zinnia 46” /|Yellow
grandiflora
3 Croton capitatus |Capitate croton 1-114’ |Silvery | June-Sept.
(annual) |
3 Croton Single-fruited croton} 4-8” (Silvery
monanthogynus (annual) |
3 Euphorbia Flowering spurge 10”-3’ |White |April-Oct.
corollata |
3 Gnaphalium Sweet balm 1-3’ White | Aug.-Sept.
polycephalum (annual) |
3 Helianthus Sunflower 2-3’ Yellow |Aug.-Sept.
occidentalis ’ |
9 Hieracium Hairy hawkweed 1-3’ | Yellow July-Sept.
Gronovit
9 Hypoxis erecta Star-grass 2-6” lYellow \May-Oct.
9 Lespedeza Trailing bush-clover| 1-3’ Violet or |Aug.-Sept.
precumbens (low, trailing) pink
9 Lespedeza Bush-clover 1-3’ Violet- |\Aug.-Sept.
violacea purple
3 Liatris Cylindric blazing- 1-114’ |Purple \July-Sept.
cylindracca star |
8 Liatris punctata |Dotted button- 6-30” |Purple |Aug.-Oct.
snakeroot
9 Liatris scariosa Large button- 1-6’ Bluish | \ng.-Sept.
snakeroot purple |
8 Liatris squarrosa |Blazing-star 6”-2’ |Bright |Tune-Sept.

purple

'

42

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

7 Approx.
Botanical name Common name ae Paenblis time of
bloom
3 Liatris elegans Handsome blazing- 2-3’ Rose Aug.-Oct.
star
3 Liatris Loose-flowered 1-3’ Purple Aug.-Sept.
graminifolia button-snakeroot
3 Melampodiuin Pale melampodium 4-12” |White June-Oct.
cinereum
3 Oenothera triloba |Three-lobed primrose) 3-12” |White or May-July
pink
3 Phlox amoena Hairy phlox 6-18” |Pink or April-May
_| white
3 Phlox pilosa Downy phlox 1-2’ Pink, purple|April-May
or white |
3 Potentilla Samson’s snakeroot Blue-purple |March-July
argertea
3 Psoralea Silvery cinque-foil 1-2’ Yellow May-Sept.
melilotoides (low, tufted)
3-Saliz tristis Dwarf gray willow 2-3’ Incon- March-April
(shrub) spicuous
3 Schrankia Sensitive briar 2-4" |Pink May-July
uncinata
3 Scutellaria Resinous skulicap 6-10” (Violet May-Aug.
resinosa
3 Solidago field golden-rod 6-2" Yellow July-Nov.
nemoralis
3 Solidago Downy golden-rod 1-3’ Yellow Sept.-Oct.
petiolaris
3 Viola palinata Early blue violet Blue April-May
(low, tufted)
PLANTS GROWING IN DRY SOIL IN SHADY SITUATIONS
8 Blephilia ciliata |Downy blephilia 1-2’ Purple June-Aug.
9- Ceanothus New Jersey tea 1-3’ White May-July
americanus (shrub)
9 Cunila Mariana Stone mint 8-20” |Purple-pink |Aug.-Sept.
3 Tris cristata Crested dwarf iris 1-3” Blue April-May
3 [ris verna Dwarf iris 1-3” |Yellow April-May
8 Pedicularis Lousewort 6-18” |Yellow or /April-June
canadensis reddish
3 Pentstemon Beard-tongue 1-2’ Purple May-July
pubescens
4 Viola pubcscens |Hairy yellow violet Yellow April-May
(low, tufted)

\
MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

PLANTS GROWING IN MOIST SITUATIONS IN OPEN SUNNY

PLACES

Botanical name

Common name

8 Aconitun
noveboracense

3 Anemone
pennsylvanica

3 Baptisia
australis

3 Commelina
virginica

8 Echinacea
purpurea

3 Eryngium
yuccaecfolium

3 BLupatorium
coelestinum

3 Helenium
autumnate

3 Helenium
nudiflorum

~1-]

Krigia virginica

8 Liatris spicata

3 Mikania scandens

4-3 Phlox divaricata

3 Sabbatia
angularis

3 Polygala
sanguinea

3 Potentilla
Anserina

8 Scutellaria
parvula

3 Thalictrum
polygamum

3 Thaspium
barbinode

3 Tradescantia
virginiana

3 Trifolium
reflexum

9 Vaceinium
corumbosum

3 Viola sagittata

3 Zizia aurea

Krigia Dandelion

New York
monk’s-hood
Canada anemone
Blue false-indigo

Virginia day-flower

Purple cone-flower

{
|
‘Button snake-root

Mist-flower

False sunflower

Sneeze-weed

Goat’s-beard

|
|

| root

'Climbing hemp-weed

| (climber)

‘Wild blue phlox

| (low, creeping)
Rose pink (annual)
|

iPurple milkwort
lSilver-weed (low,
tufted, spreading)
Small skullcap
Tall meadow-rue
Meadow parsnip
Spiderwort

Buffalo clover
Swamp blueberry
Arrow-leaved violet
(tufted, low)

Golden meadow
parsnip

|Approx.

Virginia goat’s-beard

Dense button-snake- |

|Flesh-color
\Bluish
Rose-pink
or white
Rose-purple
Yellow
Violet
White

Yellow

Blue

'White

|
White
Blue

Yellow

43
Color of | TE
iia flowers | bloom
| Blue iMay-J une
| | ;
White |\May-Aug.
|
‘Blue \June-Aug,
| |
‘Blue 'June-Sept.
Purple July-Oct.
Blue June-Sept.
Blue i\Aug.-Oct.
Yellow Aug.-Oct.
Yellow June-Oct.
Yellow April-June
Reddish May-Oct.
orange
Blue-purple |Aug.-Sept.

July-Sept.
April-June
June-July
June-Sept.
May-Sept.
April-June
May-June

May-June

May-Aug.
April-Aug.
May-June

April-May

April-July

44

MISSOURL BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

PLANTS GROWING IN RICH SOIL AND DRY, SUNNY SITUATIONS

, Approx.
Botanical name Common name ‘Approx. Color of time of
eight flowers hioom
9 “Amorpha Lead plant (shrub) 1-3’ 3lue July-Aug.
canescens
3 Amorphe nana Fragrant false indigo! 1’ Purple May
(shrub)
3 Anemone Carolina anemone 3-6” |Purple May
caroliniana
3 Astragalus Ground plum 6-15” | White April-June
caryocarpus
3 Astragalus Larger ground plum | 6-15” Yellowish (May
mexicanus white
3 Camassia Fraseri |\Wild hyacinth 1-2’ Blue-white |April-May
3 Coreopsis palmata)Stiff tickseed 1-3’ |Bright June-July
yellow
3 Delphinium Carolina larkspur 1-2’ Blue-white [May-July
carolinianum
8 Draba cuneifolia|\Wedgeleaved Whit- | 4-8” |White Feb.-April
low-grass
3 Erigeron Robin’s plantain 10-24” |Violet, April-June
bellidifolius purple
8 Erysimum Western wall-flower 1-3’ Orange- May-July
asperum yellow
3 Gentiana Gentian 6-10” |Lilac { Aug.-Sept.
puberula
8 Houstonia Narrow-leaved 1-2’ Purplish May-July
angustifolia houstonia
3 Houstonia Bluet 3-5” |Blue March-May
caerulea
3 Houstonia Bluet 1-4” Blue March-July
minima
3 Houstonia Large houstonia 8-15” ‘Blue May-July
purpurea
3 Liatris Hairy button-snake-| 2-5’ Purple Aug.-Sept.
pycnostachya root
3 Linum perenne Flax 1-2’ Blue Summer
3 Lupinus Silvery lupine 1-2’ Purple July-Aug.
argenteus
3 Malvastrum False mallow 4-10” |Red May-Aug.
coccineum
3 Mentzelia nuda Bractless mentzelia 1-5’ Yellowish (|July-Aug.
white
3 Mentzelia ornata |Ornate mentzelia 2’ Yellowish jJune-Sept.
; white
3 Nothoscordum Yellow false garlic a Yellow March-July
striatum
3 Oenothera Prairie evening White, pink /April-June
albicaulis primrose (low,
spreading)

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

45

Approx.
Botanical name Common name pie tee Color of time of
eight flowers bl
oom
3 Oenothera Showy primrose 6”-3" |White, pink |May-July
speciosa
3 Parosela aurea Golden parosela 1-2’ Yellow Summer
3 Parosela Dalea Pink parosela 1-2’ Pink Aug.-Sept.
3 Petalostemon White prairie clover| 2-3’ White July-Aug.
candidus
3 Petalostemon Hairy prairie clover| 1-2’ Purple Aug.
villosus
3 Petalostemon Violet prairie clover! 1-3’ Violet, July-Aug.
violaceus purple
3 Sabbatia Rose pink n ke Lilac July-Aug.
campestris .
8 Silene regia Royal catchfly 3-4” Scarlet July
3 Sisyrinchium Pointed blue-eyed 3-12” |Blue May-Aug.
angustifolium grass

PLANTS GROWING IN RICH SOIL AND MOIST, SHADY SITUATIONS

3 Aconitum
uncinatum
4-8 Actaea alba

8 Actaea rubra

3 Anemone
virginiana
5-3 Anemonella
thalictroides
8 Arabis
canadensis
5-3 Aralia
quinquefolia
5-3 Arisaema
triphyllum
5-8 Asarum
canadense
5-3 Botrychium
virginianum
8 Cimicifuga
racemosa
3 Claytonia
caroliniana
3 Claytonia
virginica
3-Clethra alnifolia

3 Corydalis aurea

3 Erythronium
albiudm

Wild monkshood
White baneberry
(berries white)
Red baneberry
(berries red)
Tall anemone
Rue anemone
Sickle-pod
Ginseng
Jack-in-the-pulpit
Wild ginger
(low, prostrate)
Virginia grape fern
Black snakeroot

Carolina spring-

beauty
Spring-beauty

Sweet pepperbush
(shrub)
Golden corydalis

White adder’s- -

tongue

1-2’ Blue June-Sept.

1-2’ White April-June

1-2’ White ‘April-June

}

2-3’ White | June-Aug.

4-9” White, Varch-June
pinkish

1-3’ Greenish June-Aug.
white

8-15” |Greenish July-Aug.
white

Ls Greenish April-June
brown

Brown \May-June
Fern

3-5’ White June-Aug.

6-12” |Pink \March-May

6-12” Pink March-May

3-10’ {White July

6-14” (Bright March-May
yellow

6-18” |White
i

|March-May

ene

46 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN
| che eee Approx.
Botanical name | Common name Approx. Color of | time of
height flowers analy

| =

3 Huonymus

3 Geraniun.

Running strawberry |Greentsh April-May

obovatus | bush (low, trailing) ;
shrub) |
|

Wild cranesbill 1-2’ Rose-purple April-July

3-Spiraea Aruncus |\False goat’s-beard | 5-5’

3 Thalictrum

maculatum

3 Hydrastis Golden seal 1’ lsreentsh April-May
canadensis | white

3-3 Hydrophyllum Virginia waterleaf 1-3’ White May-Aug.
virginicum

8 Osmorrhiza Woolly sweet cicely | 1-3’ (White May-June
brevistylis |

8 Osnrorrhiza Smooth sweet cicely | 1-3’ White May-June
longistylis

53 Polemonium Greek valerian ph Blue April-May
reptans H

3 Polygonalum Hairy Solomon’s seal) 8”"-3" |White April-June
biflorum |

3 Polygonatun: Smooth Solomon’s 1-5’ White May-July
giganteum seal

3 Secutellaria ‘Small skullcap 1-3' Blue June-Aug.
versicolor | |

3 Smilacina \Wild spikenard 1-2’ |White May-June
racemosa

3 Solidago latifolia |Broad-leaved golden-| 1-3’ Yellow July-Sept.

rod
Yellowish |June

| white
1-2’ Greenish

\Harly meadow rue April-May

dioicum |
3 Thaspium aureum|Meadow parsnip , 1-2" |Yellow June-July
3 Viola striata Pale violet (tufted) | 6” |Cream- April-May
| | white
8 Zizia cordata |Heart-leaved | 2-3’ lYellow May-June
| alexanders | |

FLOWER SHOW OF THE GARDEN CLUB OF ST. LOUIS

The first annual flower show of the Garden Club of St.
Louis will be held in the floral display house in the Missouri
Botanical Garden, Tower Grove Avenue at Flora Boulevard,
Saturday and Sunday, May 15 and 16, 1920. For the first
time, the floral display house will be artificially lighted, so that
those who cannot come in the day time may visit the show
at night.

A cordial invitation is hereby extended to everybody and
anybody living in St. Louis, St. Louis County, and the ter-
ritory within a radius of twenty-five miles of the St. Louis
Court House, to take part in this show. Any one who has
flowers, flowering shrubs or trees, small fruits or vegetables

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 47

which he has grown himself, is invited to bring these to Shaw’s
Garden and exhibit them at this show and compete for the
prizes offered.

There will be two classes of exhibits, one for amateurs and
one for commercial growers.

The different exhibits will include eut perennials and per-
ennials in pots, eut annuals, annuals in pots, house plants,
vegetables, flowering shrubs and trees, wild flowers, ete.
Any one may exhibit as many different plants or cut flowers
as he desires. There will be no charge for space or admis-
sion, The object of this show is to create interest and en-
thusiasm in plants and flowers in St. Louis and vicinity.
Few realize that a great variety of plants can be grown with
success in this region, and it is hoped that everybody will
help make this show worth visiting.

Every person desiring to exhibit should obtain an entry
blank and exhibit tags for each variety to be shown. Exhibit
blanks, tags, and premium list containing full information
ean be obtained by writing to Mrs. E. J. Walsh, Chairman
Entry Committee, 4349 Westminster Place, St. Louis, Mo. The
entry blank, properly filled out, should be returned to Mrs.
Walsh. The tags are to be retained by the exhibitor and se-
curely fastened to the exhibit.

Such shows have been held with great success in the east,
and it is the intention, if enough interest is aroused, to make
this spring flower show an annual event. The Missouri Bo-
tanical Garden. is glad to co-operate in every way possible
to make these exhibits a regular feature of the life of the city.

NOTES.

Mr.S. H. Essary, of the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment
Station, spent a few days at the Garden recently, consulting
the library.

Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant, Teaching Fellow in the Henry Shaw
School of Botany, lectured before Asclepios, the biological so-
ciety of Washington University, March 23, on ‘‘The Economic
Value of Some of Our Summer Birds.’’

Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Deusner, the former a graduate of the
School for Gardening, have resumed the practice of landscape
gardening in southern California, with an office at Pasadena.

Mr. D. Miller and Mr. Adam Huber, orchid growers at the

Garden, gave a talk on ‘‘Orchids,’? March 3, before the St.
Louis Association of Gardeners.

48 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Mr. Willard G. Bixby, Secretary of the Northern Nut
Growers’ Association, visited the Garden, March 24, inspected
the nut plantation, and presented the Garden with several
new abnormalities of nuts.

Volume VI, Number 4 of the Annals of the Missouri Botani-
cal Garden has recently been issued with the following con-
tents: J i ateraatal

‘The Thelephoraceae of North America. XI,’’ E. ‘ Burt.

‘‘A Subterranean Algal Flora,’’ George T. Moore and Jo-
anne L. Karrer.

‘“Culture Experiments with Melampsora in Japan,’’ Ta-
kashi Matsumoto.

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR FEBRUARY, 1920

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:
Total number of ViSitOrs.......ceccccc ce ccccesecccces 9,041

PLANT ACCESSIONS:
Total number of plants and seeds received as gifts.... 15

Lipeary ACCESSIONS:

Total number of books and pamphlets bought......... 39
Total number of books and pamphlets donated........ 143

HERBARIUM, ACCESSIONS:
By Purchase—
E. Bartholomew—‘North American Uredinales,” Cent.
XXII and XXIII, Nos. 2101-2300 inclusive........ 200
C. Mereschkovsky—‘“Lichenes ticinenses exsiccati”.... 100

By Gift—

J. S. Boyce—Merulius SP. ...e eee cece cece ncccerercccee 2
Miss Fanny Goetz—Mimulus modestus Eastw. from

CAMPOTRIA «ix chs. wd <emaes Ub we bk os ea ene 1
Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant--Mimulus, several species from

CBSE OLD. «5.50.6 ocr a0 8 ose 04h 600 w oan Aw em arere Sale Vane 15
Dr. DD. .T. MacDougal—-Chenopodium ambrosioides ke

from the vicinity of the Mexican boundary........ 1
W. H. Snell—Merulius sp. from California............ 2
W. N. Suksdorf—Plants of Washington............... 112
Dr. S. M. Zeller—Poria SP.....cccescccccserscecveces 1

By Exchange—
Ira W. Clokey—Plants of Colorado............2++00-- 270
U. S. National Museum—“‘American Grasses” Nos. 401-
WOR AGINAIVO: 6 f4c5s as 6.06 as vie wa os tba selene awe 300

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 49

The Garden is open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas — week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
south from all intersecting lines.

"Jesse M. “GueenMan,
ein te epi

Karmen H. Lies,
- Secretary to ‘the Director.

Missouri BOTANICAL —

ise:

Geta
(Paree

GARDEN |JBULLETIN

Vol. VIII

——_

APRIL, 1920 No. 4

servatory

CONTENTS
Some Tropical Woody Climbers in the Main Con-

Page

Native Plants Suitable for the Gardens of Missouri and
Adjoining States’ (outer Ga Ae BP a ah OR

Notes

Statistical Information: 30 0s eS eS ee

ST. LOUIS, MO.
1920

Published Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE:

ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

Roney, | BOARD OF TRUSTEES
: 3 OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

ne THE ORIGINAL MEMBERS WERE DESIGNATED IN MR. SHAW’S WILL
uct AND THE BOARD SO CONSTITUTED, EXCLUSIVE OF THE
Seas Sea EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS, IS SELF-PERPETUATING
‘,
3
President,

EDWARDS WHITAKER.

Vice-President,
DAVID S. H. SMITH.

| Samus. C. Davis. LEONARD MATTHEWS.
= Epwarp C. Exror. WriuMm H. H. Perrvs.
; z
Groree C. HITCHCOCK. PHILIP C. SCANLAN.
: EDWARD MALLINCKRODT. JoHN F. SHEPLEY, :
a ? : EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS
: Freperio A, HALL, Grorce T. Moors,
See Chaneellor of Washington University. President of The Academy of Science of
Sal ‘
se Henry W. Kiet, Jesse McDonaxp,
Mayor of the City of St. Louis. Prosident. of the Board of Education of

DANIEL 8S. TUTTLE,
; Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri.

CHARLES A. Rok, Secretary.

Mo. Bot. Garp. BuLt., Vo

CLYTOSTOMA CALLISTEGIOLDES

8. 1920 PLATE 38.

Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin.

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., April, 1920 No. 4

SOME TROPICAL WOODY CLIMBERS IN THE MAIN
CONSERVATORY

Evergreen climbers, especially the woody type, are val-
uable in overcoming the sparseness of roof vegetation in
newly planted conservatories and are particularly effective
when planted at the side and trained to the ridge in a festoon
arrangement. The Bignoniaceae, because of the profusion of
their light purple to orange flowers, possession of tendrils as
a means of support, and resistance to insect pests, are par-
ticularly well adapted to this purpose. They will likewise
stand varied degrees of temperature, and when planted out-
side further south the plants grow rapidly, often attaining a
height of twenty feet in one season. The pendant growths
bear long festoons of trumpet-shaped flowers, the heads of
the flowers being terminal from the young lateral shoots.
Shaping or pruning the vines should be accomplished im-
mediately after flowering.

Several genera of the Bignoniaceae are now in flower in
the economic house at the Garden. The vines are planted
adjacent to the steam pipes on each side of the concrete re-
taining wall and are supported from the ground to the ridge
by a single strand of wire. This is counterbraced by sus-
pended wires hooked to the parallel angle irons, leaving a
space of two feet between the glass and support to prevent
the vine from burning in summer and freezing in winter.

CLYTOSTOMA CALLISTEGIOIDES
This species, a native of Brazil, is grown extensively in
Florida where it is said to withstand several degrees of frost.
The flowers are about three inches long, trumpet-shaped, and
produced in terminal pairs from the young growth. The eorol-
la is vase-shaped, pale purple, streaked on the interior.

PHAEDRANTHUS BUCCINATORIUS

This is a handsome vine well adapted to cool greenhouses. It
is evergreen in habit, the growth being supported by strong
three-parted tendrils. The flowers are orange-red, produced in

(51)

52 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

terminal clusters, and suggest the native climber, 7ecoma
radicans. The plant differs from Bignonia by the tomentose
calyx and ovary and exserted stamens.

SOLANDRA NITIDA

This is a handsome shrub-like chmber of Mexico named in
honor of Daniel C. Solander, a Swedish naturalist and trav-
eler. The common species, 8. grandiflora, has been grown in
Kurope in greenhouses since about 1760, and later in Cali-
fornia and Florida, in the open. It is rarely used as a green-
house climber in this country, however, due to its habit, which
necessitates training and securing the branches to their sup-
port.

An excellent specimen of S. nitida may be seen in the palm
house at the Garden, where it is trained up the iron girder sup-
port at the northwest corner. This plant was sent from San
Diego, California, in 1912, and, due to the tropical atmosphere
of the house, has grown rapidly, now reaching 30 feet in
height. The flowers are showy and massive, and the foliage
entire, shiny green above and whitish beneath. The branches
range from several inches in diameter at the base to about
the width of a thumb above.

The flowers in the bud stage resemble a drum-stick about
one foot in length with four prominent indentations equally
spaced upon the dilated end or apex. The persistent calyx is
light green, deeply cleft, about two inches in length. The co-
rolla is the showiest portion of the floral envelope, being vase-
shaped or funnel-form, with five prominent bright yellow
lobes, the interior of which are striated with a single purplish
brown line. The texture of the entire corolla resembles that of
a chamois skin. A disappointing feature of the flower is its
short duration, the large yellow portion often dropping to the
ground within twelve hours after opening. The buds, even if
eut and placed jn water, will not open, but will gradually
shrivel and perish.

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF
MISSOURI AND ADJOINING STATES

Il. HARDY NATIVE PLANTS FOR THE WATER GARDEN

All the plants enumerated below ordinarily grow in decayed
vegetable matter and consequently require a rich soil. If the
soil in which these plants are to be planted is not of this na-
ture, it must be made so artificially. A turfy loam combined
with well-decayed cow manure, two parts of the former and
one of the latter, makes a good mixture for the growing of
these plants. The depth of this soil should be from 18 inches
to 2 feet and should be composted and turned over several

PLATE

BUD

AND FLOWER OF SOLANDRA NITIDA.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

53

times before using. The water-lilies will grow in water to a
depth of 5-6 feet, but for artificial ponds a depth of 2-3 feet
is sufficient. Most of the plants listed require an open sunny

situation. Those which will grow in partial shade are
marked (x).
PLANTS GROWING IN DEEP WATER OR FLOATING ON THE WATER
Approx.
: Approx. | Color of :
Botanical name Common name height fower time of
| bloom.
Brasenia purpurea |Water-shield (in | Purple Summer
ponds)
Castalia tuberosa Tuberous white wa- White Summer
ter-lily (in ponds
and lakes)
Castalia odorata Sweet-scented water- White June-Sept.
lily (ponds)
Nelumbo lutea American lotus Pale yellow | July-Aug.
(Jakes)
Nymphaea advena jLarge yellow pond- Yellow April-Sept.
lily (ponds, lakes)
Nymphaea Small pond-lily Yellow Summer
Kalmiana (ponds)
Nymphaea Red-disked pond-lily Red, crim- |May-Sept.
rubrodisca (ponds) son
Nymphaea Arrow-leaved pond- Yellow Summer
sagittifolia lily (ponds)
Orontium Golden club Yellowish |May-June
aquaticum (shallow water)
Potamogeton Pond-weed Red June-Sept.
diversifolius (floating on water)
Potamogeton natans|Mloating pond-weed Red June-Sept.
(floating on water)
Thalia dealbata Powdery thalia Bluish June-Sept.
(in shallow water)
Utricularia vulgaris|Greater bladder- Yellow June-Aug.
wort (floating on
water)

PLANTS GROWING IN WATER OR ON MARSHY SHORES

Acorus Calamus
Alisma Plantago-
aquatica

Calla palustris
Caltha palustris
Cephalanthus
occidentalis
Crinum americanum
Dianthera
americana
Echinodorus
radicans
Hymenocallis
galvestonensis

Sweet flag

Water plantain
(shallow water or
mud)

Water arum

Marsh marigold

Button-bush
(shrub)

Swamp lily

Water-willow

Creeping bur-head

Spider-lily

2-4’
1-2’

White May-July

White June-Sept.
White July-Aug.
White, pink|May-Sept.
White June-Sept.
Creamwhito| June-July
Violet May-Aug.
White June-July
White May-July

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

“ Approx.
Botanical name Common name toi i ae time of
bloom.
Itea virginica Virginia willow 4-10’ |} White May-June
(shrub)
Jussiaea diffusa Floating primrose Yellow June-Aug.
willow (stems
creeping or float-
ing)
Ludwigia palustris |Marsh purslane (pro- Inconspic- |!Summer
cumbent or float- uous
ing stems; fine i
for water edges)
Lythrum alatum Wing-angled loose- 1-4 Deep purple) June-Aug.
strife
Lythrum Salicaria |Purple loosestrife 2-3" Purple June-Aug.
Peltandra virginica |Green arrow-arum Green May-June
Planera aquatica Water elm (tree) 20-40’ |Inconspic- | April-May
uous
Plantago cordata Heart-leaved 6-15” | Reddish March-July
plantain green
Pontederia cordata | Pickerel-weed 1-3’ Blue June-Oct.
Sagittaria latifolia | Broad-leaved arrow- 1-3’ White | July-Sept.
head
Saururus cernuus | Lizard’s tail 2-3’ White | June-Aug.
Scirpus atrovirens |Dark green bulrush 2-4’ Inconspic- | June-Aug.
uous
Scirpus lacustris Great. bulrush 4-8’ Inconspic- | June-Sept.
uous
Scirpus lineatus Reddish bulrush 1-3’ Inconspie- | June-Sept.
uous
Scutellaria Marsh skulleap 1-3 Blue June-Sept.
galericulata ;
Sparganium Broad-fruited bur- 2-4’ Inconspic- | May-Aug.
eurycarpum reed uous
Steironema Fringed loosestrife 1-4 Yellow June-Aug.
ciliatum
Steironema Prairie moneywort 10-24” | Yellow June-July
quadrangulata
~ Taxodium Bald cypress (tree)} 50-190’ |Inconspic- | March-April
distichum uous
Typha angustifolia | Narrow-leavad cat- 4-8’ | Inconspic- June-July
tail (fruit conspic- | uous
uous)
Typha latifolia Cat-tail (fruit con- 4-8” Inconspic- | June-July
spicuous) uous

TREES AND SHRUBS GROWING IN MARSHY AND WET SOIL

Acer Drummondii | Drummond’s maple | 50-100’ Reddish {March-April

|
(tree) H
Alnus incana Speckled alder 8-25’ !Inconspice- |April-May
(tree) 10us_.
Alnus rugosa Smooth alder 5-20’: bia March-April
(shrub) uous

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

55

D : Approx.| Color of | “2Prox:
Botanical name Common name height Sowers time of
bloom.
Cornus stricta suff dogwood 8-12" | White April-May
(shrub)
Cyrilla racemiflora|Leatherwood (shrub| 15-80° |White May-July
or small tree)
Frazinus nigra Black ash (tree) 40-80’ |Inconspic- |April-May
uous
Ilex decidua Swamp holly (shrub| 15-25’ |White May
or small tree; ber:
ries bright red in
winter)
Leitneria floridana|Corkwood (shrub) 6-15’ |Inconspic- (March-April
uous
Magnolia virginiana, Laurel magnolia 15-50’ | White May-June
(shrub or tree)
Quercus palustris |Pin oak (tree) 50-100’ |Inconspic- |May-June
uous
Quercus platanoides| Swamp white oak 40-80’ |Inconspic- |May-June
(tree) uous
Viburnum Vithe-rod 4-10’ |White June-July
cassinoides
Viburnum nidum |Larger withe-rod 4-12’ | White June-July
(shrub)

&

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS GROWING IN MARSHY AND WET SOIL

Althaea officinalis

Boehmeria
cylindrica

(x)Chelone glabra

ELupatorium
perfoliatum
(x) Gentiana
Andrewsii
Geum rivale
Hibiscus
lasiocarpos
Hibiscus militaris

Hibiscus
Moscheutos
Iris fulva

Iris hexagona
Tris versicolor
Liatris spicata
(x) Lobelia
cardinalis
Lobelia syphilitica
Mimulus alatus

Mimulus ringens

Marsh-mallow
Wild false nettle

Turtle head
Boneset
Closed gentian

Purple avens
Hairy-fruited
mallow
Halberd-leaved rose-

mallow
Swamp rose-mallow

rose-

Copper iris

Southern blue flag
Large blue flag
Dense snakeroot
Cardinal flower

Large blue lobelia

Sharp-winged mon-
key flower

Squarestemmed

monkey flower

2-4’ White

1-3’ White

1-3’ Pinkish
white

2-4’ White

1-2’ Blue, white

1-3’ Purple

4-6 Pink, white

3-4 Pink with
dark eye

4-6’ Pink, white

1-3’ Reddish
brown

1-3’ Blue

1-3’ Blue

2-4’ Blue

2-4’ Cardinal

1-3’ Blue

1-3’ Violet

1-3’ Violet

Summer
July-Sept.

July-Sept.
July-Sept.
Aug.Oct.

May-July
August

Aug.-Sept.
Aug.-Sept.
May-June
April-May
May-July
Aug.-Oct.
July-Sept.

July-Oct.
June-Sept.

June-Sept.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

: ' Approx.
Approx. Color of

Botanical name Common name height flowera time of
bloom.

Poterium canadense|American great 2-4’ White July-Oct,

_ burnet
Solidago Sea-side golden-rod 3-5’ Bright Aug.-Nov.
sempervirens yellow
Trollius larus American globe 1-2’ Yellowish, |May-July
flower purplish

SHRUBS GROWING IN VERY MOIST SOIL

Adelia acuminata |Adelia (shrub or 15-25’ |Greenish March-April
smal] tree) yellow
Betula pumila Low birch 4-12’ |Inconspic- |May-June
uous
Fothergilla Fothergilla | 2-5’ White, pink/April
carolina
Rhamnus frangula | Alder buckthorn 4-6' Greenish May-June
Spiraea salicifolia |Meadow-sweet 2-4’ White, June-Aug.
purple
Spiraea tomentosa | Steeple-bush 1-3’ Pink, July-Sept.
purple
PERENNIALS GROWING IN VERY MOIST SOIL
Amsonia Amsonia 1-3’ Blue | April-July
Tabernaemontana
Asclepias Swamp milkweed 2-4’ Pink July-Sept.
incarnata
Aster New York aster 1-3’ Violet Aug.-Oct.
novi-belgii
Boltonia Aster-like boltonia 3-6’ White, July-Sept.
asteroides pinkish
Boltonia decurrens |Clasping-leaved bol-| 3-6’ Purple Aug.-Sept.
tonia ;
Boltonia Broad-sealed bol- 3-6’ Violet-blue | July-Sept.
latisquama tonia
Cardamine Bulbous cress 6-18” White April-June
bulbosa
Helenium Sneeze-weed 2-4’ Yellow Aug.-Oct.
autumnale
Melanthium Bunch-flower 2-4’ White June-Aug.
virginicum
(x)Physostegia False dragon-head =| 1-3" | Rose July-Sept.
virginiana
(x)Senecio aureus |Golden ragwort | 4-9" | Yellow May-July
Veratrum viride | White hellebore | 3-6 | Yellowish =| May-July
| green
Verbena hastata Blue vervain | 3-5’ Blue June-Sept.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Ill. NATIVE VINES AND CLIMBING PLANTS

Vines and climbing plants are the material which nature
uses to cover unsightly objects and to add graceful touches to
natural plantations. They are admirably adapted to soften
stiff architectural lines, affording a cover for the trunks of
trees or intermingling with the shrubbery. They may be used
to hide poles, fences, rubbish heaps, or anything of an un-
sightly nature, as well as to give pleasant shade to arbors,
pergolas, and verandas. The woody climbers remain perma-
nently on their supports from year to year; the herbaceous
ones die to the ground annually.

WOODY VINES AND CLIMBERS

e

=

x

| . Approx.
Botanical name Common name rare es time of
| bloom.
T-D. Ampelopsis Pepper-vine H-C, |Inconspic- | June-July
arborea uous
T-D. Ampelopsis Simple-leaved H-C, |Inconspic- |May-June
cordata ampelopsis uous
T-D. Ampelopsis Virginia H-C. Inconspic- | July
quinquefolia| creeper uous
Tw. Aristolochia |Dutchman’s pipe H-C Brownish |May-June
macrophylla
Tw. Aristolochia |Woolly pipe-vine H-C Brownish /|May-June
tomentosa
Tw. Berchemia Supple-Jack H-C Greenish March-May
scandens white
T-D. Bignonia Cross-vine H-C Orange- April-May
capreolata : yellow
Tw. Calycocarpum |Cupseed H-C Greenish May-June
Lyoni
Tw. Celastrus Climbing bitter- | H-C. |Greenish |June
scandens sweet (fruit or.
ange-red )
C. Clematis Marsh clematis 8-15’ 'Bluish May-June
crispa purple
Clematis Western virgin’s White June-Aug.
ligusticifolia| bower
Tw. Clematis Leather-flower 8-10’ Red May-July
Viorna
Tw. Clematis Virginia virgin’s | H-C. White July-Sept.
virginiana bower | |

T. Attach themselves to a support by tendrils.

T-D. Form disks on their tendrils, by which they become at-
tached to rough, flat surfaces, such as brick, rock, or the bark of

trees.

Tw. Attach themselves by twining around a support.

C. Must be fastened by tying to a support, or they will simply
trail over the surface of the ground.

H-C. High climbing.

58

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

: Approx.
Botanical name Common name ae yond rg time of
bloom.
Tw. Lathyrus Myrtle-leaved 2-3’ Purple May-July
myrtifolius marsh pea
Tw. Lathyrus Marsh vetchling 2-3’ Purple May-Aug.
palustris
Tw. Lonicera Smooth-leaved 5-10’ |Yellowish- | May-June
dioica honeysuckle purple
Cc. Lonicera flava| Yellow honeysuckle 3-10’ |Orange- April-May
yellow
Tw. Lonicera Hairy honeysuckla to 25’ |Orange- June-July
hirsuta yellow
Tw. Lonicera Trumpet honey- 8-16’ |Scarlet or | April-Sept.
sempervirens suckle yellowish
Lonicera Sullivant’s honey- 3-6’ Pale yellow] May-June
Sullivantii suckle
Lycium Matrimony vine to 20’ |Purple Summer
vulgare (berries red)
Tw. Menispermum |Canada moonseed H-C. |Greenish June-July
canadense white
C. Rosa Prairie rose to 15’ |Rose June-July
setigera
Tw. Smilax Hispid greenbrier H-C. |Greenish May-July
hispida white
T-D. Tecoma Trumpet creeper H-C. |Searlet Aug.-Sept.
radicans
T. Vitta Summer grape H-C. |Inconspic- |May-June
aestivalis Downy grape uous*
T. Vitis cinerea |Frost grape H-C Inconspic- |May-June
Riverbank grape uous*
TT... Vitts H-C Inconspic- |May-June
cordifolia American wistaria uous
T. Vitis vulpina H-C Inconspic- |May-June
uous*
Tw. Wistaria H-C. |Lilac- April-June
frutescens purple
HERBACEOUS VINES AND CLIMBERS
Tw. Apios Ground-nut 10-15’ Purple July-Sept.
tuberosa
Tw. Clematis Sim’s clematis H-C, |{Purplish May-Aug.
Simsii
Tw. Convolvulus |Great bindweed 10-15’ | Pinkish June-Aug.
sepium white
Tw. Dioscorea Wild yam-root to15’ (Greenish June-July
villosa yellow
Tw. Gonolobus Carolina gonolobus | to15’ |Brown- May-July
caroliniensis purple

*While the flowers of our native grapes are not very conspicu-
ous, they fill the air with a delightful fragrance, and their nu-
merous black or purple-black berries are very conspicuous in au-

tumn.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

59

Approx.
Botanical name Common name abpror. Color of | time of
| height flowers bloom
Tw. Ipomoea Wild potato-vine 8-20’ |White- May-Sept.
pandurata purple
striped
Tw. Passiflora Yellow passion- 3-10’ |Yellow May-July
lutea flower |
Tw. Passiflora Passion-flower | 10-80’ |White with |May-July
incarnate purple
corolla
Tw. Phaseolus Wild bean to 15’ (Purple July-Sept.
polystachyus
Tw. Polygonum Climbing false 10-20’ |Greenish Aug.-Sept.
scandens buckwheat white
NOTES

Mr. G. H. Pring, Horticulturist to the Garden, spoke be-
fore the Webster Groves High School, April 20, on ‘‘Spring
Planting.’’

Dr. George T. Moore, Director of the Garden, attended the
meetings of the American Philosophical Society at Philadel-
phia, April 24-25.

The October, 1919, number of the Plant World contains an
article by B. M. Duggar, Physiologist to the Garden, on
‘‘Some Factors in Research.’’

Mr. L. P. Jensen, Arboriculturist to the Garden, gave a
lantern-slide talk on ‘‘Landscape Gardening,’’ April 16, be-
fore members of the Chapter House, Edwardsville, Il.

Recent visitors to the Garden include Mr. W. H. E. Retzer, a
former pupil in the School for Gardening; Mr. Alexander
Lurie, formerly Horticulturist to the Garden; and Mr. C. R.
Stillinger, of the White Pine Blister Rust Investigation,
Spokane, Wash.

During the spring meeting of the American Chemical So-
ciety in St. Louis, April 13-16, one of the official excursions
was to the Garden. The party was shown the greenhouses, as
well as the library, and an hour or more was spent in a diseus-
sion of the research work in the laboratories.

Dr. B. M. Duggar, Physiologist to the Garden, presented a
paper before the Division of Biological Chemistry of the
American Chemical Society, April 14, on ‘‘The Effect of
Conditions on the Relation of Seed Plants to H-Ion Concen-
tration of Nutrient Solutions.’? Mr. W. H. Chambers, Rufus
J. Lackland Fellow, followed Dr. Duggar with a paper on
‘“The Relation of Dextrose to H-Ion Concentration with
Bacillus Coli.’’

60

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Among the chemists who made especial visits to the Garden
during the meetings of the American Chemical Society were
the following: Dr. E. C. Franklin, of Leland Stanford Uni-
versity; Dr. R. A. Gortner, of the University of Minnesota ;
Dr. G. H. A. Clewes, of Indianapolis; Dr. E. T. Wherry, of
the Bureau of Chemistry, Washington, D. C.; Dr. F. K.
Cameron, of the National Smelter Co., Salt Lake City; Dr.
J. C. Oleson, of New York; and Dr. F. C. Baines, of the Uni-
versity of Kansas.

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR MARCH, 1920

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:

Total number Of VIsSltOre.. oi. ics knee wee es cee vee 12,407
PLANT ACCESSIONS:

Total number of plants and seeds received as gifts.... 45

Total number of packets of seed received in exchange. . 94

Total number of plants received in exchange.......... 8
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS:

Total number of books and pamphlets bought.......... 66

Total number of books and pamphlets donated........ 128

HERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:
By Purchase—

D. Lewis Dutton—Plants of Vermont...............-- 5603
By Gift—

S. H. Burnham—Species of Hydnum..... ........25.. 8

Prof. W. C. Coker—Fungi of North Carolina........ 3
Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant—Specimens of Mimulus from

COROT CUR Foie os adie a ca Fes ed © be aaah in ale een 11

C. G. Lloyd—Stereum striatum from Washington...... 1
Harold W. Pretz—Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter from

POA VIMAIE Go ssisa cca co heneca ps 32 is 6g ee Seed x

Dr. S. M. Zeller—Fungi of Corvallis, Oregon........... 12

TOtA! 2256 22ee ses 539

The Garden fs open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas— week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
south from all intersecting lines.

OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Director,
GEORGE T. MOORE.

BENJAMIN Mince Dvuagar, JESSE M. GREENMAN,
Physiologist in charge of Graduate Laboratory. Curator of Herbarium.

HERMANN VON SOHRENK, ROBERT W. WEBB,
‘Pathologist. : Research Assistant.
Epwarp A. BURT, KATHERINE H. LeIGH,
Mycologist and Librarian. Secretary to the Director.
NELL C, HORNER,
Editor of Publications.
G. H. Prine,
Horticulturist. |
“ JOHN NOYEs,
Landscape Designer.

L. P. JENSEN,
Arboriculturist.

Paut A. Kou,
Floricultarist.

P. C, BRAWNER, W. F. Langan,
Painter. Engineer.

H. VALLENTINE,
Construction.

MlussouRI IROTANICAL
GARDEN [BULLETIN

Vol. VIII MAY, 1920 No. 5
—

CONTENTS

Page

Grafting the Mangosteen by Inarching .... . . 61
Native Plants Suitable for the Gardens of Missouri and

Adjoming States 0 pa wo ee

PON eg oh INN bie! Ns, we A Salaun eran Ne pelea Og
Statistical Information 2). ys se ee

ST. LOUIS, MO.
1920

Published Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees

a
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE:
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

a8
Feber

BOARD OF TRUSTEES
OF ‘THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

THs ORIGINAL MEMBERS. WERE DESIGNATED IN MR. SHAW’s”
THE BOARD SO CONSTITUTED, EXCLUSIVE OF THE
git ge MEMBERS, IS SELF-PERPETUATING |

EDWARDS WHITAKER.

DAVID 8S. H, SMITH.

LEONARD MarrHws,
Wruuam H. H. Perrus.
Aintien C:: Hrrccocr., io Pru 6; SCANLAN,

Vos Mantanoxnovr, Peat JoHn F. SHEPLEY.

~ ars =

EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS

_- Groren T. “Moone, .
Pgfetst Te Anan of

JESSE McDoratp,
President of the Board of Education of
St. Louis.
| Danie 8 Torrie,
Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri. eg

CHARLES A, Rok, Secretary.

METHOD OF

INARCHING.,

THE
TO

TRU MANGOSTEEN ATTACHED
CARCINE 4 XANTHOCHYMUS.

‘OW

‘duvyS ‘Lod

1o. "TOA oT OT

‘026

‘¢ ALVIg

Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., May, 1920 No. 5

GRAFTING THE MANGOSTEEN BY INARCHING

One of the most important methods of plant propagation
is by grafting. Various methods have been devised, such as
budding, whip graft, saddle eraft, cleft sraft, root graft,
veneer graft, etc., to meet special requirements.

Budding.—The budding operation consists of inserting a
detached bud underneath the bark of the stock at a time when
the bark peels, usually during August or September. The
buds are cut off to include a shield-shaped piece of the bark.
In preparing the stock for the reception of the dormant bud
a T-shaped incision is made through the bark, the crosswise
cut being made first. The operator then opens the eut por-
tion of the bark, pushes the bud within the cleft, and secures
it with a raffia binding. After the union has taken place,
which is usually in about two or three weeks, the raffia bind-
ing is removed so as not to restrict the swelling of the stock.

Grafting.—Grafting is accomplished by inserting a por-
tion of a selected plant into another in order that it may ob-
tain the vigor of the stock plant and produce flowers and
fruit more abundantly. The operation is performed in the
spring with dormant scions. It is employed especially for
multiplying or perpetuating certain varieties of woody plants
that do not reproduce from seeds or come true from seeds,
as, for example, apples, pears, ete. It is one of the oldest arts
of plant craft. Pliny describes a cleft graft, giving the pre-
cautions that the stock ‘‘must be that of a tree suitable for
the purpose,’’ and the graft must be ‘‘taken from one that
is proper for grafting; the incision or cleft must not be made
in a knot’’; the graft must be from a tree that is ‘‘a good
bearer and from a young shoot’’; the graft must not be
sharpened or pointed ‘‘while the wind is blowing.’’

Inarching.—Grafting by approach or inarching is the latest
and most satisfactory method for perpetuating selected woody
plants of tropical types. An important factor is that the
operation may be performed almost any time during the grow-

(61)

62 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

ing period without losing either stock or scion, since the scion
is not segregated from its roots until there is a perfect union.

The mangosteen is regarded by some as the most delicious
of tropical fruits, and a special effort is being made to include
this tree in the new tropical fruit collection now being estab-
lished at the Garden. Its rooting system is extremely poor,
especially during the seedling stage, which is the critical
period. However, success has been attained by the method
of inarching, using for stock plants the same genus, but a
different species possessing a strong rooting system.

In 1913 plants of the mangosteen were imported from Cey-
lon for the large conservatories. Half of these were imme-
diately set out in the economic house and the other half
planted in pots and placed in the private growing houses.
The attempt to grow these trees directly in the open ground
upon their own roots was unsuccessful, but those which were
carefully nursed in the private houses produced satisfactory
growth. In 1915 seeds were obtained from India of a strong-
rooting species, Garcinia wanthochymus, with the intention of
trying it for a stock plant. These seed were given especial
care and germinated shortly after. Recently the seedlings
attained sufficient size to warrant attempting to graft the
scions of the true mangosteen upon them.

The particular method of inarching depends upon whether
both stock and scion are seedlings of equal size or whether one
or the other must be taken from a larger specimen. In the
experiments conducted at the Garden the true mangosteen
scion is much the larger plant. Therefore the seedling stock
plant had to be elevated to the height of the young scion,
and the shoots chosen to be joined were those corresponding
as nearly as possible in age, thickness, vigor of growth, ete.
A thin slice approximately one-third the thickness of the stems
was cut from both the scion and the stock in such a man-
ner as to leave a perfectly even joint, the cut being made
long enough to make a good strong union. The slicing or
eutting of the outer layers should be accomplished as speedily
as possible to prevent the sudden drying up of the exposed
tissues. The cut areas of the two shoots are then brought
as close together as possible, and securely bound with raffia.
To further prevent any possibility of drying, the cut por-
tions are covered with grafting wax. The plants are then
placed in a Wardian case where all drafts are excluded, and
eare is taken, to keep both the roots of stock and scion moist.
Within three weeks a perfect union should be effected.

After the true mangosteen shoot has adhered to its foster
parent it becomes necessary to sever it from the original
plant, leaving only the grafted shoot of the true mangosteen,

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 63

Garcinia mangostana, upon the stem and roots of Garcinia
canthochymus. At least six to eight weeks should elapse be-
fore beginning the operation, and it should be accomplished
gradually, otherwise a loss of the leaves and shrivelling of
the entire shoot may result. The upper portion of the stock
may be severed just as soon as the parts of the union are
completely joined, thus permitting all the vigor of the well-
rocted stock to pass into the newly grafted scion.

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF
MISSOURI AND ADJOINING STATES

IV. NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS WITH CONSPICUOUS
FLOWERS

Following is a list of the trees and shrubs, conspicuous
for their flowers, which will thrive in the section of the country
surrounding the city of St. Louis. With the exception of
a very few which have escaped from cultivation the species
mentioned are all native of the eastern United States.

The greater part of those listed as small trees often assume
the form, of large shrubs, and may in most instances be used
for either purpose. While most of the plants in the list will
thrive in ordinary good loamy garden soil, some of them
prefer special soil conditions, and for this reason a list of
various soil conditions are given and indicated by numbers:

NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS WITH CONSPICUOUS FLOWERS

Approx.
Botanical name Common name gh ee pita time of
bloom
LARGE TREES
3* Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye 30-50’ Yellow April-May
3 Aesculus octandra, Yellow buckeye 60-80° | Yellow April-May
3 Catalpa Indian bean 20-60’ | White June-July
bignonioides
3 Catalpa speciosa | Large Indian bean | 40-100’ | Whitish May-June
3 Cladrastis Yellow-wood | 20-30’ White June
tinctoria |
*Key to soil conditions:
1. Clay 6. Gravelly soil
2. Clay subsoil 7. Sandy loam
3. Clay loam 8. Disintegrated limestone
4. Loam 9. Disintegrated flint

5. Leafmold

Two or more numbers indicate a combination of soil conditions;
for example, 2-4 is loam with a clay subsoil.

64

MISSOURL BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Botanical name Common name phates a time .of
bloom
3 Crataegus Washington thorn 20-30’ | White April-May
cordata
3 Liriodendron Tulip-tree 69-150’ | Green-yel- May-June
tulipifera low, orange
3 Magnolia Cucumber tree 40-80’ | Greenish May-June
acuminata yellow
3 Magnolia tripetala| Umbrella tree 20-40’ | White May
3 Prunus serotina Wild black cherry 30-60 White May
3 Sassafras Sassafras 30-80’ | Yellow April-May
officinale
SMALL TREES
3 Amelanchier June-berry 10-30’ | White April-May
canadensis
3 Asimina triloba |North American 10-30’ | Dark purple} April
papaw
3 Bumelia Southern buckthorn} 15-30’ | White, June-Aug.
lycioides | greenish
3-8 Castanea pumila| Chinquapin 10-30’ | Greenish June
chestnut white
3 Cercis canadensis | Red-bud 15-25’ | Pink-purple | March-April
3 Chionanthus Fringe-tree 15-25’ White May-June
virginica
3 Cornus florida Flowering dogwood 20-40’ | White April-May
3 Crataegus Red haw 15-30’ | White | April-May
coccinea
3 Crataegus Cockspur thorn 15-30’ | White May-June
Crus-galli
3 Crataegus Long-spined thorn 15-25’ White May-June
macracantha
3 Crataegus mollis | Red-fruited thorn 15-30’ | White April-May
3 Crataegus Large-fruited thorn | 15-30’ | White May
punctata
3 Halesia Silver-bell 15-30’ | White April
tetraptera
3 Magnolia glauca |Sweet bay 15-25’ | White May-June
8 Pyrus angustifolia] Narrow-leaved crab- | 15-20’ Pink April-May
apple
3 Pyrus coronaria | American crab-apple; 15-25’ | Rose April-May
3 Pyrus ioensis Western crab-apple 15-20’ | Rose April-May
38 Oxydendrum Sorrel-tree 15-30’ | White July
arboreum
3 Prunus Wild red plum 16-25’ White April
americana
3 Prunus Wild red cherry 20-30’ White April-May
pennsylvanica
3 Rhus cotinoides American smoke tree} 15-30’ Greenish April-May
3 Robinia viscosa Clammy locust 20-30’ Pinkish June
3 Viburnum Sheep-berry 10-20’ | White May
Lentago :
3 Aesculus Pavia Red buckeye 6-10’ | Red-purple | April-May
3 Amelanchier Shad-bush 8-15’ | White April-May

Botryapium

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

SHRUBS FOR MOIST AND SUNNY SITUATIONS

65

| Approx,
Botanical name | Common name Tae Color of time of
eight flowers bl
oom
3 Amorpha False indigo 5-15’ | Violet- May-July
fruticosa purple
3 Aralia spinosa Hercules’ club 15-20’ White June
3 Aronia arbutifolia Red chokeberry 6-10’ White, April-May
purplish
3 Aronia nigra Black chokeberry 8-10’ | White, April-May
purplish
3 Baccharis Groundsel tree 4-8’ White Sept.-Oct.
halimifolia
3 Berberis American barberry 4-6’ Yellow May-June
canadensis
3 Calycanthus Strawberry shrub 4-8’ Dark April-Aug.
floridus purple
3 Cephalanthus Button-bush 8-12’ White June-Sept.
occidentalis
3 Cornus Amomum | Silky cornel 5-15’ | White May-June
3 Cornus Baileyi Bailey’s cornel 3-10’ | White May-June
3 Cornus Panicled dogwood 6-12’ | White May-June
candidissima
3 Cornus stoloniferad| Red osier dogwood 6-10’ White May-June
3 Cornus stricta Stiff dogwood 8-12’ White April-May
3 Cyrilla Southern 10-20’ | White May-July
racemiflora leatherwood
3 Elaeagnus Silverberry 6-8’ Silvery April-May
argentea yellow
3 Elaeagnus Buffalo-berry- 6-18’ Yellowish April-May
canadensis
6 Hypericum Giant St. John’s-wort} 2-5’ Yellow July-Aug.
Ascyron
3 Itea virginica Virginia willow 4-10’ White May-June
3 Lonicera ciliata Fly honeysuckle 3-6’ Yellowish May
white
3 Lonicera cacrulea| Blue honeysuckle 3-6’ Bluish June
3 -Lonicera Fly honeysuckle 3-7’ Yellowish May-June
Xylosteum white
7 Myrica cerifera Wax myrtle 6-15’ White March-April
3 Philadelphus Mock orange 8-10’ White May
coronarius
3 Philadelphus Large-flowered 8-10’ White May
grandiflorus syringa
3 Philadelphus Odorless syringa 6-8’ White May
inodorus
3 Physocarpus Ninebark 6-10’ Pinkish June
opulifolius white
3 Prunus virginiana Choke cherry 3-10’ White April
3 Ribes awrewm Missouri currant 6-10’ Yellow April-May
3 Rosa arkansana Arkansas rose 1-3’ Pink June-July
2-3 Rosa blanda Meadow rose 2-4’ Pink June-July
3 Rosa carolina Swamp rose 2-6/ Pink June-Aug,
3 Rosa nitida Northeastern rose 67-27 Pink June-July

66

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
: Approx.| Color of
Botanical name Common name time of
height flowers repeat
3 Rosa setigera Prairie rose ‘Bush 3-4’ | Rose June-July
Climbs
| to 15’
3 Rosa Woodsii Wood’s rose | ~ ied S* Pink June-July
3 Sambucus ‘Common elder 6-10’ |White June-July
canadensis
3 Spiraea Meadow-sweet | 2-4’ White or | June-Aug.
salicifolia | pinkish
3-8 Spiraea Steeple-bush | 2-4! Pink or July-Sept.
tomentosa purple
3 Staphylea trifolia|Bladder-nut 6-15’ |White April-May
3 Styrax americana |\Smooth storax 4-10’ |White March-April
3 Styrax Downy storax 4-10’ |White March-April
pulverulenta
3 Viburnum Hobble-bush 6-8’ White May-June
alnifolium
8 Viburnum | Withe-rod 4-10’ | White June-July
cassinoides
3 Viburnum Arrow-wood 4-8’ White May-June
dentatum
3 Viburnum molle |Soft-leaved arrow- 4-8’ White May-June
wood
3 Viburnum Opulus |High-bush cranberry 8-10’ |White May-June
SHRUBS FOR MOIST, SHADY SITUATIONS
~ 3 Amelanchier June-berry 8-15’ [White April-May
rotundifolia
4-5 Azalea canescens |\Mountain azalea 4-12’ |Rose to. April-May
white
4-5 Azalea lutea Flame azalea 4-15’ |Orange-yel- |April-May
low or red
8 Calycanthus Smooth strawberry 4-8’ Greenish March-May
laevigatus shrub purple
4 Olethra alnifolia |Sweet pepper-bush 3-5’ White July-Aug.
8 Cornus Alternate-leaved dog-| 8-20’ | White May-June
alternifolia wood |
6 Hamamelis Witch-hazel 6-8’ Yellow Nov.-Dec.
VUTgimianda
8 Lindera Benzoin |\Spice bush 4-15° | Yellow March-May
3 Styrax Large-leaved storax 5-10° |White March-May
grandiflora |
SHRUBS FOR DRY AND SUNNY SITUATIONS
9 Amorpha |Lead plant * 1-8’ Bright blue | July-Aug.
canescens | |
3-8 Bumelia |\Woolly buckthorn | 6-20’ White June-July
lanuginosa
3-9 Ceanothus New Jersey tea 2-3" White May-June
americanus |
3-9 Ceanothus ovatus \Small red-root | 1-3’ White May-June
3 Diervilla trifida |\Bush honeysuckle | 2-4’ Greenish May-June
| | white

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 67
Osa ikel ski C Approx.! Color of Approx.
otanical name ‘ommon name height foarte time of
bloom
3 Hydrangea Wild hydrangea 4-6’ White July
ar borescens
3 Hydrangea Downy hydrangea 6-8’ White June-July
radiata
6 Hypericum Dense-flowered 3-5’ Yellow July-Aug.
densiflorum St. John’s-wort
6 Hypericum Kalm’s St. John’s-; 1-2’ Yellow August
Kalmianum wort
6 Hypericum Shrubby St. John’s-| 1-3’ Yellow July-Sept.
prolificum wort
8 Rhamnus \Lance-leaved buck- 8-20’ |Greenish May
lanceolata thorn
3 Robinia hispida |Rose acacia 3-9’ Pink or May-June
purple
3-9 Rosa humilis Pasture rose 1-2’ Pink May-July
3 Sambucus pubens |Red-berried elder 3-8’ White May
9 Vaccinium Tall blueberry 6-10’ | White or May-June
corymbosum pink
9 Vaccinium Low blueberry 6”-4’ | Pink May-June
vacillans
3-8 Viburnum Black haw 3-8’ White April-May
prunifolium P
3-8 Viburnum |Southern black haw | 6-15’ | White April-May
rufidulum | | |
SHRUBS FOR DRY AND SHADY SITUATIONS
3 Aesculus Arguta |Western buckeye 3-10’ | Yellow March-April
3 Amelanchier Service berry 6-8’ White April
alnifolia
3 Azalea nudiflora |Pink azalea 2-6’ Pink April-May
3 Cornus circinata |Round-leaved 3-8’ | White May-June
dogwood |
3-8 Rhus aromatica |Fragrant sumac 3-10’ | Yellow March-April
3-8 Rhus trilobata Tll-scented sumac 2-6" Yellow |March-April

NOTES

The annual flower sermon, provided for in Mr. Shaw’s will,
was preached at Christ Church Cathedral, May 16, by the
Rev. 8S. N. Watson, Rector Emeritus of the Church of the Holy

Trinity, Paris,

Recent visitors to the

France.
Garden

include Dr.

Dy Ts

Mae-

Dougal, Director Botanical Research, Carnegie Institution of
Washington, Desert Laboratory, Tucson, Ariz.; Prof. W. E.
Ritter, Director of Seripps Biological Research Institute,
La Jolla, Cal.; Mr. L. W. Durrell, Pathologist at the Missouri
Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Mo.

68 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Mr. H. H McKinney, Cereal Pathologist, United States
Department of Agriculture, who is working on the new wheat
disease prevalent in the Illinois bottoms, spent a couple of
days at the Garden recently

The annual report of the director of the department of
botanical research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, con-
tains three short reports by Dr. B. M. Duggar, Physiologist
to the Garden, covering the work done by him at the Coastal
Laboratory, Carmel, Cal.

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR APRIL, 1920

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:

Tera Wimnet- OF VISILOTSs <M. 6 sens cite kt Mea ees Eee 14,413
PLANT ACCESSIONS: |
Total number of packets of seed received in exchange.. 282
Total number of plants received in exchange.......... 865
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS:
Total number of books and pamphlets bought.......... 20
Total number of books and pamphlets donated....... 238
HERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:
By Gift—
Prof. E. Bethel—Specimens of Lesquerella and Physaria
ATOR” NODINTRGO 6s 5 sé 04 0 a ID Oe ee Eee 6
Ira W. Clokey—Fragment of type of Dithyrea clinata
WAGHGG & COVROD 5 ccs ca ho bs ee Re oC EEN ees 1
Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant—Mimulus from California... 16
MM Me ities Pants OF -TeXOG; <cls.5 0 <% oo cee ey eee 60
C. G. Lloyd—Stereum occidentale Lloyd, and Polyporus
Ne oe ore ee Ose Seek ay. 6 bbw ¥ ble 4g 6 Was 86s 8eS ORES 6 2
Prof. Aven Nelson—Specimens of Lesquevella from
TREE ee ela e ich trance 9 8 dio walle e442 a ee 2
Dr. L. O. Overholts—Stereum rugisporum from Colorado 1
Prof. C. V. Piper—Specimens of Senecio from Mt. Rainier,
MTEL ony So ice vo se awd 8 Sion ae 5 Oe oo ReE De eee 4
University of Wisconsin—Fungi of Wisconsin........ 10

By Exchange—
Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.—iFungi of the Philippine
Ce eUAOIE os cra va eo 5 veel A ees Wwe a eee ees Vee 153

The Garden is open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas— week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
south from all intersecting lines.

STAFF ee
OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 7

Direcior,
GEORGE T. MOORE.

BENJAMIN MINnGcE Duaaar, _ JESSE M. GREENMAN,
Physiologist in charge of Graduate Laboratory. Curator of Herbarium.

HERMANN VON SOHRENK, ROBERT W. WEBB,
Pathologist. Research Assistant.

Epwarp A. Burt, KATHERINE H. LEIGH,

Mycologist and Librarian. Secretary to the Director.

NELL C. Horner,
Editor of Publications.

G. H. Prine,
Horticulturist.

JOHN NOYES,
Landscape Designer.

L. P. JENSEN,

Arboriculturist.
Pavut A. Kou,
Floriculturist.
-P. GC, BRawner, - W. F. Lanaan,
Painter. : Engineer.

H. VALLENTINE,
Construction.

Missouri BotanicaL
GARDEN BULLETIN

ne

Vol. VIII JUNE, 1920 No. 6

=—_—_

CONTENTS

Native Plants Suitable for the Gardens of Missouri and
Adjoining States: 6 so ee ee ee Re ee

at DEPEND Spied en tek aM So AR SPUN aut Amram, PORE TE SARE y eS my!

Statistical Information... 6 6a 8 SA Se

——
=——

ST. LOUIS, MO.
1920

Published Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE:
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

" BOARD OF TRUSTEES
¢ THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

phe IGINAL “MEMBERS ‘Ware DESIGNATED IN MR. SHAW'S wi
AND THE BOARD SO CONSTITUTED, EXCLUSIVE OF. THE
RIE MEMBERS, 18 GELF-PERPETUATING |

3 al oe WHITAKER. ve

35. lagPrgpitens >: C
“DAVID 8. H. SMITH.

Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., June, 1920 No. 6

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF
MISSOURI AND ADJOINING STATES

V. NATIVE PERENNIALS FOR THE HARDY BORDER

With the exception of Cassia nictitans, which reseeds it-
self every year, these plants are perfectly hardy and will
do well in the border if given ordinary culture, particularly
if some attention is given to obtaining as nearly as possible
the natural conditions. Those marked (x) are not native,
but have been introduced or escaped from cultivation and
have established themselves so generally as to appear in-
digenous in many places.

Our native hardy perennials are not as well known, nor
as extensively used, in our gardens as they should be, and
it is hoped that this list will be the means of bringing them
into more general use. Succession of bloom may be had
from the earliest spring until the ground freezes, and many
pleasing combinations of color and arrangements may be
obtained by intelligent use of these plants.

NATIVE PERENNIALS FOR THE HARDY BORDER

Approx.
: Common Approx. Color of :
Botanical name Z time of
name height flowers hinge
PLANTS GROWING IN DRY, SUNNY SITUATIONS.
*3 Achillea Millefolium.Yarrow....... 1-2’ ....White ......... June-Nov.
8 Agave virginica..... False aloe..... 3-6’ ....Greenish yellow. June-July
3-8 Allium stellatum.... Prairie wild
onion. ..%..2 i EAS || July-Sept.
3-8 Asclepias tuberosa... Butterfly weed. 1-2’ ....Orange ........ June-Aug.
3 Aster anomalus..... Many-rayed
aster 622.008 1 CS, eter! 2 19 - pe Sept.-Oct.
3 Aster azureus....... Sky-blue aster. 2-4’ ....Bright blue...... Aug.-Oct.
3-9 Aster Drummondii. .Drummond’s
aster’ fee eg SIMO isa ee cee tc Sept.-Oct.
3 Aster grandiflorus.. Large-flowered
ARCO? oi ce by ras oe AV AOLOL- <a ven-e sists Sept.-Oct.

(69)

70

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name name height Savtire ae of
oom
3-9 Aster multiflorus... White wreath
ne) 1-3’ WY BATS eet. se Aug.-Oct.
8 Aster oblongifolius.. Aromatic aster. 1-2’ Pinkish-purple ..Aug.-Oct.
8-9 Aster patens........ Late purple
CC) are 1-3’ PUEDIO 65 vicsia Aug.-Oct.
3-8 Aster sagittifolius... Arrow-leaved
BAtOMs oa sss vs 2-4’ BlUGe inaueiiwne Aug.-Oct
3 Aster spectabilis.... Low showy
GREED. «cars Bort «dv VAG Cee fay oak Aug.-Oct.
3 Aster turbinellus... Prairie aster... 2-3’ a V LGU: oe hiere teed eae Sept.-Oct.
38 Astragalus Ground plum
crassicarpus ..... (trailing) ... 6-15” . Violet-purple...April-June
2-3 Astragalus distortus. Bent milk
VOLO asss ss Salty” oo gc HU DID bake March-July
3 Baptisia tinctoria... Wild indigo... 2-4’ . Yellow ........June-Sept.
(x)3 Belamcanda
CRIMENSIS: 20500008 Blackberry lily 2-3’ .Crimson-purple .June-July
3-8 Cassia nictitans.....Sensitive pea
(annual)... 6-15” QUO cc civek ss 04 July-Oct.
(x)3 Chrysanthemum
Leucanthemum . .Ox-eye daisy... 1-2’ WIG i tase es a May-Aug.
3-7 Chrysopsis hispida.. Hispid golden
BELOD ig Giclee va 6-12” YGUOW? ire vnsy ss July-Sept.
3-7 Chrysopsis villosa... Hairy golden
GRID oes a 4 1-2’ TOO Gites 5 as July-Aug
8-8 Clematis Fremontii. Fremont’s
clematis ... 6-15” PUSHID eo t556 es April-May
3 Coreopsis lanceolata, Lance-leaved
tickseed .... 1-2’ VeHow o ciko eens May-Aug
8 Delphinium
CLAILATWM o.cceee Tall larkspur.. 3-4’ BIUGe. ced anise «+s June-July
3 Desmodium Canadian tick
CONGUENSE: ..050 6% CFBPOM is 2-6’ Pure sexes oi July-Sept.
8 Hchinacea Pale purple
angustifolia...... cone-flower .. 1-3’ PUPTHO 465 ede 88 July-Oct.
3 Eryngium Leavenworth’s
Leavenworthit... eryngo...... 1.3% PRIYGBD ya oe te x July-Oct.
3-8 Erysimum asperum. Western wall-
HOWEE: <a y's sic 1-3’ .. Orange-yellow ...May-July
*Key to soil conditions:
Two or more numbers indicate a combination of soil conditions; for

example, 2-4 is loam with

a clay subsoil.

. Clay.

. Clay

subsoil.

loam.

. Loam.

1
2
3. Clay
4
5

. Leafmold.

Co on

. Gravelly soil.
Sandy loam.
. Disintegrated limestone.

. Disintegrated flint.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

71

Approx.
; Common Approx. Color of ;
Botanical name ; pe time of
name height flowers hiaad
3 Euphorbia corollata. Flowering
spurge...... eon WHOL? he cee en ete May-Oct.
3 Gaillardia aristata..Great-flowered
gaillardia ... 1-3’ Meu CLlOW rina crete May-Sept
3 Gaura coccined..... Searlet gaura.. 6”-2’ ....Red turning
BCALlOt © esses May-Aug.
3 Geum ciliatum...... Purple avens.. 6”-2’ SL OLILO Ws siceccie es May-July
3 Grindelia lanceolata. Narrow-leaved
gum-plant... 1-2’ SOUEOW: “4.se0 terete tic July-Sept.
3 Grindelia squarrosa. Broad-leaved
gum-plant ... 1-2’ sVOLOW 406.444 June-Sept.
3-8 Helianthus hirsutus. Stiff-haired
sunflower . 2-4’ SV GQLOW? dese e een July-Oct.
3 Helianthus Showy
laetiflorus ....... sunflower . 3-5’ eat CLOW coe cei Aug.-Sept
3 Helianthus mollis... Hairy
sunflower . 2-4’ CLOW: sternite Aug.-Sept.
9 Helianthus Few-leaved
occidentalis ...... sunflower ... 2-3’ Tr CLOW neem cle grant Aug.-Sept
3 Helianthus Linear-leaved
OT OUCLISH ee ciea eerere sunflower ... 3-6’ oe LOLLOWa, sree eae Sept.-Oct.
8 Heliopsis
helianthoides ....False sunflower. 2-4’ .. Yellow.........July-Sept.
8 Heliopsis scabra.... Rough heliopsis 2-4’ a. VELLOW!.. 2. ..June-Sept.
3-8 Heuchera americanaAlum-root ..... 2-3’ . Greenish
white .......May-Aug.
3-8 Heuchera hispida...Rough heuchera 2-4’ .. Greenish
white ........May-June
3-8 Heuchera Rugelii... Rugel’s
heuchera.... 6-24”....Greenish
white ........July-Sept.
3 Liatris cylindracea,.Cylindric blazing-
STAY seateiti cs. 1-2’ . Purple .. .. July-Sept.
3 Liatris elegans..... Handsome blazing-
SUAT eee. - ROBE: ars. 73 .. Aug.-Oct.
3-8 Liatris graminifolia. Loose-flowered
button snake-
MOOG cna. 1-3’ - Purple ,........Aug.-Sept.
3-8 Liatris punctata.... Dotted button
snakeroot ... 1-2’ AT ca thigay hege ...Aug.-Oct.
3-8 Liatris pycnostachya Hairy button
snakeroot ... 2-4’ .Purple.. .. Aug.-Sept.
3-8 Liatris scariosa..... Large button
snakeroot ... 3-5’ ..Purple.........Aug.-Sept.
3-8 Liatris squarrosa...Blazing-star ..... 1-3’ . Purple ........June-Sept.
(x)3 Linaria vulgaris. .... Butter and eggs 1-2’ - Yellow and
white........June-Sept.
8 Lepachys pinnata.., Gray-headed
cone-flower .. 2-4’ . Yellow ........June-Sept.
7 Lespedeza Trailing bush-
procumbens...... clover
Glow strailine:)<< <)ccae tens Violet-purple... Aug.-Sept.
7 Lespedeza violacea..Bush-clover ... 1-3’ .. Violet-purple... Aug.-Sept.
3 Lysimachia Spotted loose-
MUNCTALG occ cote are BLT Cer cae 2-3’ . Yellow .. ...dune-July

72

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
- eran Aporsx. Color of
Botanical name ; time of
name height flowers hisecn
(x)3 Lysimachia Golden loose-
LOD ae . ae “hy oh: Bee ee 2-3 Yellow .. June-Aug.
3 Monarda fistulosa...Wild bergamot. 2-4’ Pink=7s.scieese June-Sept.
(x)3 Nepeta hederacea....Ground ivy (low,
Letine) . ss hasten ca eat Blue . April-May
3 Oenothera fruticosa.. Common
sundrop .... 1-3’ <2 VGH OW™ 5 aes ys June-Aug.
3-8 Oenothera Missouri prim-
missouriensis.... rose (tufted). 1-2’ 6 OLIGW sia? eas. May-July
3 Parthenium American
integrifolium.... feverfew.. 2-3’ . White ..........May-Sept.
8 Parthenium Creeping
PEPCRE..4 . cic. parthenium.. 1-2’ pW ELL GE cee a ia atace ss aa May-July
3 Pentstemon Large-flowered
grandiflorus..... beard-tongue. 1-3’ .. Lavender blue...June-Aug.
3-8 Pentstemon Hairy beard-
RUPGUUS. 6 ives is TONRUG. Seas. 1-2’ . White.........July-Sept.
8 Petalostemum White prairie-
candidum clover... 1-2’ . White. ........July-Aug.
8 Petalostemum Violet prairie-
purpureum . clover . 2-3’ ....Violet-purple ....July-Aug.
3 Petalostemum Silky prairie-
tenuifolium..... clover .. . 1-2’ «« ROSO-DUTPIO- 55> July-Aug.
3 Phlox amoena...... Hairy phlox... 6-18"....Pink. ... April-June
3 Phlox paniculata ...Garden phlox.. 1-3’ .» Pink or ‘white. . .July-Sept.
3-8 Phlox pilosa.. ..Downy phlox... 6-12”....Pink or white. .April-June
3 Phlox subulata..... Moss pink...... 4-6”.... Pink, purple, or
white.......April-June
3 Potentilla argentea.. Silvery cinquefoil
(trailing).... - Yellow.........May-Sept.
3 Potentilla Five-finger
canadensis ...... (trailing); 6 6-5 secs des YEHOW 4. L4ci5. ADU
3 Potentilla Low cinquefoil
candicans . (tufted) .. 1-2’ - Yellow i. s+ .. Summer
8 Psoralea floribunda. Many-flowered
\, psoralea . 1-4’ . Purplish . . . -May-Oct.
7 Psoralea Samson’s snake-
pedunculata .. TOOU cio: 5Ks- 3 1-3’ . Purplish . ..March-July
8 Rudbeckia fulgida...Orange cone-
flower...... 1-2’ .Orange.. . Aug.-Sept.
3 Salvia azurea
var. grandiflora. .Blue sage...... DShs.+ BLS as weeees July-Sept.
3 Sanguisorba minor... Salad burnet... 10-20”....Greenish ........Summer
(x)3 Saponaria
officinalis ........Bouncing Bet.. 1-2’ Pe hit. eee ...Summer
3-8 Schrankia Sensitive brier
uncinata re (trailing) . 2-4’ << PED Zante e see nies May-July
3 Sedum Telephium. . .Orpine. V + oa, POTPIO tenance June-Sept.
8-8 Silene regia........ Royal catehfly . 3-4’ « BCATIOULS tarts tows iss July
3 Silphium Entire-leaved
integrifolium.... rosin-weed ....2-5’ 2. Yellow + ~.eates Aug.-Sept.
3-7 Solanum Silver-leaved
elacagnifolium... nightshade.. 1-3’ ....Blue..........- May-Sept.
3 Solidago canadensis. Canada golden-
rod.. 3-6’ . YOMOW%s. <n Hose Aug.-Noy.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 73

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name Nanis height flowers time of
bloom
3 “Solidago nemoralis.. Field golden-
rod. : 1-2’ CLIO Wag, 4 en are July-Oct.
9 Solidago petiolaris.. Downy "golden-
rod. 2-4’ | VOMOW eid, ceeak Sept.-Oct.
3 Solidago Purshii.... River-bank ‘golden-
rod. Jon USL Sai. se BOLLOW &.% ye.,.eee July-Sept.
3 Solidago radula..... Rough gzolden-
rod. Ree coke + SOUOW beans Aug.-Sept.
3-8 Solidago rigida..... Hard- leaved golden-
rod. eee? re COCHOW in. easy Aug.-Oct.
3 Solidago rugosa..... Tall hairy golden-
MOMS aever ess fe 3-6’ o MOLIOW «swine tes July-Noy.
3 Solidago squarrosa.. Stout golden-
rod. 2-4’ SY CUOW cendececkwic Aug.-Oct.
3-8 Solidago ulmifolia. .Eim- leaved golden-
rod. Tee eVGHOW = «scans July-Sept.
3 Tradescantia Shor t-stemmed
brevicaulis ...... spiderwort . 6-12”.... Rose-purple .. April-May
3 Tradescantia rosea. .Roseate
spiderwort.. 6-12”....Rose.,......... April-Aug.
-8 Triosteum
angustifolium..,..Horse gentian. 1-2’ Reddish ..May-June
-8 Verbena canadensis. Large-flowered ver-
bena...... S10 Fos ee BIMC acs cinder ae April-July
8 Verbesina Sunflower crown-
helianthoides.... beard..... 2-4’ TOHOW G+ smiercs June-July
8 Verbesina Virginia crown-
virginica . : beard....... 3-6’ WHR w4. ieee Aug.-Sept.
3 Vernonia Baldwinii. Baldwin’s iron-
weed... 2-4’ PoULple. = vaei nex July-Sept.
3 Vernonia crinita....Great ironweed 3-6’ «PUL PIO sc oe Roe Aug.-Oct.
3 Viola palmata....... Karly blue violet
(OULted es 4-<. 6c SIMO” cars tacit aie March-May
3 Yucca angustifolia. . Bear-grass . 2-4’ WV ILO hate etc tans June-July
3 Yucca filamentosa...Adam’s needle. 2-4’ i Se eee June-July

PLANTS GROWING IN DRY,

cow w i) w wh oo

w
?

ASter 1G6UIS, 66 cia:

PARTIALLY SHADED SITUATIONS

Smooth aster. 2.4

Cimicifuga racemosa.Black snakeroot 3-6’

Coreopsis pubescens.

Eupatorium
aromaticum .....

Galium concinnum..

Gillenia stipulacea..
Gillenia trifoliata.

Helianthus
divaricatus .

Tris cristata. ........

Star tickseed... 1-3’
Smaller white

snakeroot... 1-2’
Shining bed-

SUL AW leis acee 4-8” .,
American

ipecac . 2-3’

..Indian physic.. 1-2’

Rough or wood-

land sun-

flower . tae 8-67
Crested dwarf

1b as [= Wee een ae 2-6”

.. Violet or blue....Sept.-Oct
F210 Ga: eee ead June-Aug.
2 POMWOW) ee June-Aug.
SAW ICG... Sees Aug.-Oct.
a Winkt@ saaatcatane June-Aug.

.. Pinkish white... June-July
. Pinkish white...May-July
sVeOhow << .%s06. July-Sept.

Gre SRIUG plas sreue ws April-May

/

74

MISSOURI BOTANICAL

GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name . irae time of
name height flowers hieom
Bettis OCT. esses fons Dwarf iris..... BoO vices LUO o, caxat evans April-May
(x)3 Lychnis
chalcedonica.....Scarlet lychnis.. 1-24’....Scarlet........JuneSept.
3 Phlor maculata..... Wild Sweet-
William... Le iv ev CUTE Meta eect June-July
3 Scutellaria Heart-leaved
cordifolia skulleap.... 1-3’ BUS. ei aweiss June-Aug.
3 Silene caroliniana...Wild pink
(tufted) .... 4-10”....Scarlet........April-June
8-8 Silene stellata....... Starry campion 2-34’ ....White.......... June-Aug.
3 Solidago odora...... Sweet-scented
golden-rod.... wea" ...: Yellow <.-s.0. July-Sept.
3 Thalictrum dioicum. Early meadow
Pie eas 5308 1-2’ ....Greenish.......April-May
8 Thalictrum Tall meadow
POLVGAMUNM .. sess TUG... 1.20... SEO) ais on WT ceesertn eas July-Sept.
3 Thalictrum Purplish meadow
DUTPUTASCENS . 0 { TUCO... ..ci owe f(A (Pe od + iy 1) | - eon Sie ae June-Aug.
3 Waldsteinia Barren strawberry
feugerotdes ......- (creeping) ............ XPLUOW oar + May-June
PLANTS GROWING IN MOIST, SUNNY SITUATIONS
3 Achillea Ptarmica...Sneezeweed.... 1-2’ ....White......... July-Sept.
3 Allium
Schoenoprasum ...Chives........ LORER cs os Soe hte wee a co ei June-July
6 Ascyrum stans...... St. Peter’s-wort 1-2’ .... Yellow ......... July-Aug.
3 Aster amethystinus..Amethyst aster 2-4’ ....Purple......... Sept.-Oct.
3 Aster novae-angliae..New England
aster .. 3-6’ .... Violet-purple .....Aug.-Oct.
8 Aster novi-belgii.... New York aster 1-3’ .... Violet .......... Aug.-Oct.
3 Aster paniculatus... Tall white or pan-
icled aster... 3B") 006s WH1tGin sce a snes Aug.-Oct.
3 Aster salicifolius....Willow-leaved
CT a Ok ccc WIS. aoe. Aug.-Oct.
3 Baptisia alba........ White wild
indigo... 18"). oss WHITE. Matas s May-June
3 Baptisia australis... Blue false
indigo...... 2-3’ ....Indigoblue...... June-Aug.
2-3 Baptisia leucantha... Large white wild
INGO. 643s 2-4’ WRG oseer ees June-July
3 Boltonia asteroides.. Aster-like
boltonia.... 3-6’ ....Pinkish white.. .July-Sept.
3 Boltonia decurrens..Clasping-leaved
boltonia.. . 3-6’ ....Purple.........Aug.-Sept.
3 Boltonia diffusa.....Panicled ;
DOIONIS fa5.5. OB Si. WIGS seas’ Aug.-Oct.
3 Boltonia latisquama. Broad-scaled
boltonia... 3-6’ .... Violet-blue ......July-Sept.
3 Campanula Blue bells of
rotundifolia...... Scotland.... 6-18” Bias sretoia s+ June-Sept.
3 Cassia marylandica. Wild senna.... 2-4’ Yellow secon... July-Aug.
3 Chelone glabra...... Turtle-head .... 1-3’ .... Pinkish white. ..July-Sept.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

75

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name time of
name height flowers hioom
(x)3 Cleome spinosa...... Spider flower... 2-4’ . Purple or whitish. Summer
3 Collinsonia .
canadensis ......Horse-balm.... 1-3’ . Lemon-yeilow ...May-June
3 Convallaria majalis. Lily-of-the- :
VENLCV ies cee Oy rie os UEO cata eiets gras April-May
3 Coreopsis _ Large-flowered
grandiflora...... tickseed..... 1-3’ oy CLIO W sees cea May-Aug.
3 Coreopsis tripteris...Tall tickseed... 3-6’ . Yellow ..........July-Oct.
(x)3 Dianthus deltoides.. Maiden pink
GCULECG en cree ee 0-10 ean ath. cheeses Gerrirant Summer
8 Echinacea purpurea, Purple cone-
flower . 2-4’ Purples 22224563 July-Oct.
3 Eryngium Button snake-
yuccifolium ..... TOOE: cose sie, ..2°O .. Bluish . . ......June-Sept.
3 Filipendula rwbra....Queen-of-the-
prairie... 2-4’ . Pink or purple. .June-July
3 Helenium :
autumnale.......Smeezeweed ... 2-3’ 4 VOLLOW S .cce cau es Aug.-Oct.
3 Helenium Purple-head
nudiflorum...... smeezeweed.. 1-3’ A CLLOWa deer catecses June-Oct.
3 Helianthus Narrow-leaved
angustifolius..... Sunflower . 3-6’ . Bright yellow....Aug.-Oct.
3 Helianthus Thin-leaved
decapitatus...... Sunflower... 3-5’ .. Yellow ........Aug.-Sept.
3 Helianthus Saw-tooth
grosseserratus ,... sunflower... 4-10’.... Yellow..........Aug.-Oct.
(x)3 Hemerocallis fulva..Day-lily....... 2-3" ak OD es cies vas June-July
3 Hesperis matronalis. Dame’s violet.. 2-3’ . Pink, purple, or
white ........May-Aug.
3-8 Heuchera pubescens. Downy
heuchera.... 1-3’ . Greenish white. .May-June
3 Hibiscus lasiocarpus.Hairy-fruited rose-
mallow..... 4-5’ »Pink or wWhite..:....0.. Aug.
3 Hibiscus Swamp rose-
Moscheutos...... mallow..... 4-5’ .... Pink or white...Aug.-Sept.
7 Krigia Dandelion....Goat’s-beard.. 6-12” ....Yellow........April-June
3 Lilium superbum... Turk’s-cap lily. 3-5’ ..Orange-red ......June-July
3 Lysimachia Moneywort (low,
Nummularia .... CLEGpINE)\-. 1... sss tae YV OLlLOW ivefac eee June-Aug.
3 Lythrum Salicaria.. Purple loose-
strife .. 2-3’ Parple ec. cece June-Aug.
8 Malva rotundifolia... Dwarf, running
mallow (procumbent) . Blue... ........ May-Nov.
3 Monarda Bradbury’s
Bradburiana . monarda.... 1-2’ MEUEDI Oo cicceccte sts May-July
3 Monarda didyma....Oswego tea.... 2-3’ . Scarlet ........July-Sept.
3 Pentstemon glaber.. Large smooth
beard-tongue . 1-2’ ERT eres tie tania s May-Aug.
3 Pentstemon gracilis. Slender beard-
tongue..... 6-15” SPULrDlO wince. May-July
3 Phalaris Reed canary
arundinacea .. ERASE ete snd <5. eae eiaustiow clavate talaveaipie waver kes July-Aug.
3 Physostegia False dragon-
virginiana ...... head....... 2-3’ FLOR G) ge estsreteteelors July-Sept.

=~}
lop)

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name time of
name height flowers pi
3 Pycnanthemum Narrow-leaved
linifolium mountain-
mint........ 1-28’ o: WEED cen chs July-Sept.
3 Rudbeckia laciniata. Tall cone-
flower .... 3-8’ .. Yellow......+..July-Sept.
3 Rudbeckia speciosa..Showy cone-
flower .. eo. oz RRR es cra pee Aug.-Oct.
3 Ruellia strepens.... Smooth ruellia. 1-3’ . BIB a ies May-July
3 Sedum pulchellum., Widow’s cross
Cipalling) <i. bcs ta ws Rose-purple ..... May-July
3 Solidago Seaside golden-
sempervirens . TOG 6 aes o¥s 3-5’ 7 ERUOWe ste. S's Aug.-Dec.
3 Solidago serotina,.. Late golden-
POG. 6 eva ee : FRO ear Aug.-Oct.
3 Thermopsis mollis.. Allegheny
thermopsis.. 2-3’ . MRHOW Ss as ols. July-Aug.
3 Thermopsis Prairie
rhombifolia...... thermopsis.. 8-20".... Yellow.,....... June-July
3 Tiarella cordifolia... False
mitrewort ..< 612°. .... WR es iis April-May
3 Tradescantia
— oirpinione ~ -::.:. Spiderwort ....~ 153’ |... ¢ Blue. i... May-Aug.
3 Uniota tatifolia.,... Spike grass.... 24’ .....cevsccsccsscoes Aug.-Sept.
6 Vernonia Western iron-
fasciculata ...... Wweed....... 2-4’ Pe ae tect oka July-Sept.
3 Viola striata...... Pale or striped
violet....... 6-12”....Cream, white...April-June
PLANTS GROWING IN MOIST, PARTIALLY SHADED SITUATIONS
3 Astragalus Carolina milk
carolinianus ... vetch ....... 1-4’ .... Greenish yellow..July-Aug.
3 Aster cordifolius....Blue wood
aster . <a kE. vie vs Raa ete 2 as Sept.-Nov.
& Aster: latertfolius...Calico aster.... 1-4’ .... WHHG Oo. 66... Aug.-Oct.
3 Commelina hirtella.. Bearded day-
flower ...... 1-2’ . BIR eee os Aug.-Oct.
38 Commelina Creeping day-
nudiflora .. d flower ...... 1-2’ SR RS eee cents July-Oct.
3 Commelina Virginia day-
virginica...:.... flower...... 1-8’ BIG 345 ieee cas June-Sept.
8-5 Dicentra eximia..... Wild bleeding-
BOAT Eco cient uke «vie Waa tae as May-Sept.
3-5 Hrythronium Yellow adder’s-
americanum..... tongue...... 6-12”....Yellow...,.....March-May
3-8 Hupatorium White snake-
ageratifolium ... MOOG so cy x 0sh ac 1-3’ ¢. WAELURS Se ce os <a x July-Oct.
3 Hupatorium
coelestinum ......Mist-flower.... 1-2’ , FA eek ke Aug.-Oct.
3 Hpilobium Great hairy wil-
hirsutum. .... low herb..... 2-4’ .. Rose-purple ....June-Sept.
5 Geranium Wild crane’s
mactiatum <.<¢.. Di... ...... 1-2’ . Rose-purple ....April-June

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN an

Approx.
Common Approx, Color of
Botanical name é f time of
name height flowers pane
7 Krigia virginica.....Carolina dwarf
candélion...... 1-2’ ..c. Yellow << veccsmes May-Oct.
38 Lysimachia
guadrtfolia .-. .... Loosestrife . .. 1-3’ .... Yellow ,,4..07 June-Aug.
3 Meibomia Dillenii... Dillen’s tick
trefoll es... 2-3) ives PULCple .950n ctr June-Sept.
3 Pentstemon Foxglove beard-
DAGIGUS (4scis ee tongue...... = Bo 5 Stee WII EOSs ce caterer prnins May-July
3 Pentstemon Smooth beard-
laevigatus ...... tongue...... 1-3’ .... Purplish........May-July
3 Phlox glaberrima...Smooth phlox.. 1-2’ ....Pink........... May-July
3 Rudbeckia Sweet cone-
subtomentosa.... flower..,.... 2-4’ .... Yellow......... July-Sept.
NOTES

Dr. B. M. Duggar, Physiologist to the Garden, will spend
the summer in scientific work at the Coastal Laboratory of
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Carmel, California.

Dr. George T. Moore, Director of the Garden, attended the
meetings of the Garden Club of America, June 28-July 1, at
Manchester, Massachusetts.

Mr. Emil Hansen, landscape gardener, Utah Agricultural
Experiment Station, visited the Garden recently.

Mr. G. H. Pring, Horticulturist to the Garden, will spend
a part of the summer teaching horticulture at the Cleveland
Normal School, Cleveland, Ohio.

At the commencement of Washington University, June 11,
degrees were conferred upon members of the graduate labora-
tory, as follows: Doctor of Philosophy, W. H. Chambers,
Joanne L. Karrer, Takashi Matsumoto; Master of Arts, Edwin
B. Payson.

The Rufus J. Lackland fellowships for the year 1920-21
have been awarded as follows:

Mr. G. M. Armstrong, B. S. Clemson College, M. A. Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, reappointed second year.

Mr. F. S. Wolpert, A. B. University of Montana, reap-
pointed second year.

Mr. R. W. Webb, B. S. Clemson College, M. A. Washington
University, reappointed third year.

78 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Other appointments were as follows:

Dr. Joanne L. Karrer, B. 8. and M. 8. University of Wash-
ington, Ph.D. Washington University, appointed Research
Assistant to the Missouri Botanical Garden and Teaching
Fellow, Henry Shaw School of Botany of Washington Uni-
versity.

Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant, B. S. University of California,
M. A. Washington University, Teaching Fellow in the Henry
Shaw School of Botany, 1918-1920, appointed Jessie R. Barr
Fellow.

Mr. H. L. Roberts, B. S. Knox College, Teaching Fellow,
Henry Shaw School of Botany.

The following is a list of birds, comprising 72 varieties, seen
in the Missouri Botanical Garden from March 10 to June 29:

Red-winged blackbird
Blue bird

Bob-white

Cardinal

Catbird

Cedar waxwing
Chewink

Chickadee

Brown creeper
Cowbird

Crow

Black-billed cuckoo
Flicker

Crested flycatcher
Blue-gray gnatcatcher
Goldfinch

Grackle

Rose-breasted grosbeak
Night hawk

Sparrow hawk

Blue heron
Humming-bird

Indigo bunting

Blue jay

Junco

Kingbird |

Belted kingfisher
Golden-crowned kinglet
Ruby-crowned kinglet
Meadow-lark

Purple martin
White-breasted nuthatch
Baltimore golden oriole
Orchard oriole

Wood pewee

Wilson’s phalarope
Red poll

Redstart

Robin

Spotted sandpiper

Siskin

Wilson’s snipe

Chipping sparrow

Field sparrow

Song sparrow

White-crowned sparrow

White-throated sparrow

Bank swallow

Barn swallow

Tree swallow

Brown thrasher

Hermit thrush

Olive-backed thrush

Red-breasted thrush

Wood thrush

Tufted titmouse

Red-eyed vireo

Warbling vireo

Blackburnian warbler

Black-throated warbler

Chestnut-sided warbler

Magnolia warbler

Maryland yellow-throated
warbler

Myrtle warbler

Wilson warbler

Yellow warbler

Carolina wren

House wren

Marsh wren

Downy woodpecker

Hairy woodpecker

Red-headed woodpecker

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 79

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR MAY, 1920

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:

LOtAlSMUMDEST Ole Va SIUOLS <taq 2 asiseie ct selectins 8 sles « eigin eit 24,787
PLANT ACCESSIONS:

Total number of plants and seeds received as gifts...... 1,047

Total number of packets of seed received in exchange... 72

Total number of plants received in exchange............ 35

PLANT DISTRIBUTION:
Total number of plants distributed in exchange......... 33

LIBRARY ACCESSIONS:

Total number of books and pamphlets bought........... 30
Total number of books and pamphlets donated.......... 114

HERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:

By Purchase—
Th. Oswald Weigel—Plants of the Philippine Islands

collected by Father Morice Vanoverbergh........... 122

D. Lewis Dutton—Plants of Florida and Vermont......... 885
By Gift—

A. O.. Garrett—LesQuerelld SP 6.58 ccd cs eics cee nes apes a
C. G. Lloyd—Hyphomycetous fungus.................... 1
Miss Martha H. Montgomery—Plants of Illinois......... 2
D.C, Neéal—Fungus On Dark sccm o ceicss 6 clale vee soccieis es oie ui
W. H. Snell—Specimens of Peniophora sp. causing timber

TOU Geo is bss eaten og te Oana el Cheiahere’ oo Gate Slee sacs eines “Oialere Gale 2

By Exchange—
California Academy of Sciences—Senecio salignus DC.

TTOM: “ATIZON Geir ko 4b ec ao We hte es Seles cle wa eo eee 1
Doctor Rudolf Schlechter—Types of orchids from South

PRT TV OB ecstacy tas: aia tn ahaee Sakata tte chet sa Sn as auiohal chain vale china Saye roha 7

TOURN ee ceve ore rere ais Se Late ebm it riaite ons Sauna ter er aiecese ie eis aetane 52%

The Garden is open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas — week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
south from all intersecting lines.

STAFF
OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Direcior, —
GEORGE T. MOORE.

‘BENJAMIN MiInGE Duaaar, JESSE. M. GREENMAN,
Physiologist in charge of Graduate Laboratory. Curator of Herbarium.

HERMANN VON SCHRENK, ~ _ Rosert W. Wess,
Pathologist. se Research Assistant.

Epwarp A, Burt, KATHERINE H. LeEIau,
Mycologist and Librarian. Secretary to the Director.

Neti C. Horner,
Editor of Publications.

G. H. Prine,
Horticulturist.

JoHN NOoyYEs,
Landscape Designer.

L. P, JENSEN,
Arboricalturist.

Paut A. Kout,
Floriculturist.

P. C, BRAWNER, W. F. Lana@an,
Painter. Engineer.

H. VALLENTINE,

ra

Construction.

aes

' ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR

IssoUR! BOTANICAL

» GarRDEN BULLETIN —

————————

P

CONTENTS

French Chateau Gardens.in Post-War Period . .. 81

Native Plants Suitable for the Gardens of Missouri and

Adjoining States 6 0-6 bee ee ee 85

Notes: 245 608 on Ma ye eae oe Re eee ae |

» Statistical Thfosmation oy. eG Oe ed eS ee ee,

ST. LOUIS, MO.
: 1920
pubtishea Monthly Except July. and August by the Board of Trustees
enemies . annem of
‘ ) SUBSCRIPTION PRICE:. -
SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

Vol. VIII ‘SEPTEMBER, 1920. No.7.

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Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., September, 1920 No. 7

FRENCH CHATEAU GARDENS IN POST-WAR
PERIOD

When the subject of chateau gardens of France is men-
tioned, places such as Versailles, Fontainebleau, Chantilly, St.
Cloud, and St. Germain suggest themselves, they being some
of the finest examples of the French school of landscape gar-
dening. While touching upon some of these gardens, the pur-
pose of this article is to dwell more on the smaller places,
especially those in the Touraine Valley.

The climax of garden-making in France was reached when
Le Notre, the celebrated French landscape architect, developed
and completed the gardens of Versailles. Gardens one can
hardly call them, however, for they are so vast that their mag-
nitude alone would serve to make them extremely interesting.
The innumerable lead vases, the many statues, fountains, and
smaller gardens give the park of Versailles a charm not to be
equalled elsewhere. None of the gardens were used for war
purposes, but a portion of the park remote from the chateau
was devoted in 1918 and 1919 by the Garden Service of the
United States Quartermaster Corps to the growing of vege-
tables for the American Expeditionary Forces. In the spring
and summer of 1919 the park undoubtedly was in as good a
condition as at any time, and fortunate were the many mem-
bers of the American Expeditionary Forces who journeyed
from Paris to view that marvelous chateau and park.

Fontainebleau, that beautiful palace built by Francis I,
with its wonderful forests and gardens, was in fine condition,
except that the bedding plants, so essential to carry out the
scheme of the parterres, were lacking.

A visit to Paris was necessary to see French gardens at
their best in 1919. The garden of the Luxembourg, the only
remaining Renaissance garden in Paris, with its balustrades,
many statues, beautiful flower beds, shady chestnut and plane-

(81)

82 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

tree avenues, the Medici Fountain, and the Avenue of the
Observatory, created a charming impression. ‘lhe gardens
of the ‘l'uileries, designed by Le Notre in 1665, were in good
condition. Flower beds of large dimensions contained admura-
ble groupings of herbaceous perennials instead of the usual
summer bedding material. ‘lhe spacious avenues, the large
pools, the fine trees and shrubbery plantings, and the numer-
ous statues made these gardens fine examples of French gar-
dening at its best. Previous to the summer of 1919, the spa-
cious gardens surrounding and beneath the Kiffel Tower were
given over to the parking of hundreds of French automobile
trucks and trailers used in supply trains, but in 1919 they
were in their original state and much admired.

Traveling southwest from Paris toward the Touraine
Valley the first stop of importance is Blois. To the architect,
the chateau of Blois, one of the most splendid in France, is a
masterpiece affording good examples of the various periods of
the Renaissance and earlier work. The landscape architect,
however, finds little of interest, as there is hardly a trace of
the chateau gardens which once existed. Walled portions still
remain, but all evidence of the design has vanished. The
Avenue Victor Hugo leading from the railroad station to the
center of town curves around a charming little public garden
with a fountain. In this garden a fine specimen of the Cedar
of Lebanon (Cedrus Inbani) and a California redwood
(Sequoia) frame a beautiful view of the elaborate north
facade of the chateau.

Leaving Blois, the journey carries one to Amboise, famous
for its fine chateau perched on a rock above the village. Here,
too, as at Blois, are remnants of gardens, but the original
design is lost. Numerous standard roses border the walks,
and a portion of the courtyard is covered with a canopy of
clipped trees beneath which ferns grow luxuriantly.

Fine roads lead through the extensive forest of Amboise to
Chenonceaux, a distance of nine miles. The village lies in the
valley of the Cher River on the edge of the forest of Amboise.
From the park gates, the chateau is approached through a
stately avenue of plane trees, half a mile long. Two granite
sphinxes at the opposite end of this avenue guard the
entrance to a formal garden enclosed by low walls, brilliant
with flowers. A watch-tower on the right of the garden whose
walls, mellowed with age, are partly covered with vines, be-
longs to an earlier castle. As the whole of the chateau stands
in the Cher River there are two draw-bridges which connect
it with the banks. The castle, with its galleried bridge ex-
tending across the river, is unique in construction, and its

PLATE

CHENONCEAUX—WEST PARTERRE, WATCH-TOWER, AND CIDATEAU.

Mo, Bot. GARD. BULI Vou. 8, 1920 PLATE 8.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 83

reflection in the clear and sparkling, swiftly-flowing water is
unusually beautiful. Separated from the chateau by moats
whose steep stone-faced banks are half hidden by masses of
flowers and vines, are two parterres. The parterre proper is
surrounded on four sides by a broad, elevated walk with a
low balustrade on its outer margin. Large scrolls of dusty
miller (Artemesia Stelleriana) are the dominating feature of
the parterre. Beds, which in normal times contain flowers,
border the walks and are now filled with numerous bays, box-
woods, and evergreens trained to standards, pyramids, and
globes. Grapes are trellised against the walls of the raised
walk. The smaller western parterre is also planted with
scrolls of artemesia on a green background, but only a few
pyramidal bays for point plants. From the formal gardens
shady alley-ways lead through densely wooded areas and
terminate in clearings containing some crumbled remnants of
a statue or fountain. These avenues are sadly neglected, and
progress is at times hindered by fallen trees and branches.
Again, mere traces of what formerly were beautiful grassy
lanes can be seen. Of all the chateaux the tourist may visit
in Touraine, Chenonceaux should be included, for the position
is magnificent, the exterior fine, and the gardens interesting.

The city of Tours, four hours by rail south from Paris, is
the most convenient center from which to visit numerous
chateaux in the valley of the Loire and Cher Rivers.

Seven miles west from Tours the first chateau of importance
is that of Luynes, an impressive feudal castle built on a steep
ridge above the town. The castle is reached by stone steps,
en either side of which are little gardens terraced out of the
hillside. Within the chateau there is a square court bounded
on three sides by the walls and on the side overlooking the
valley of the Loire by a double row of closely clipped trees.

Across the Loire and several miles further west, along the
Cher River, lies the village of Villandry with its chateau of
the sixteenth century. The building and grounds have been
remodeled in recent years and what was formerly a fine lawn
is now replaced by three distinct formal gardens. The central
and largest of the three is composed of nine square plots, each
enclosed by a low latticed fence, upon which dwarf fruit trees
are trained by the Cordon system. The plans of the beds in
each of the plots differ, but the central feature, a small square
pool containing a pedestal and flower vase, is common to all.
All the beds, edged with box (Buxus) clipped square and
low, contain vegetables or flowers equally spaced to carry out
the strictly formal scheme. The outer rectangular beds of
each plot contain a variety of dwarf fruit trees. Broad walks

84 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. BULLETIN

divide the various plots, and each intersection is marked by
a square basin from which spouts a single jet of water. These
pools are surrounded on four sides by large dome-shaped,
latticed retreats covered with climbing roses. One of the nine
plots is devoted entirely to roses of both bush and standard
variety. Four broad stairs lead to a second formal garden,
consisting of three distinct plots which are again divided into
quarters. Here also the central feature of each plot is a pool.
These plots are unique in that they are composed entirely of
various species and varieties of dwarf. evergreens closely
planted in geometric patterns and clipped level. The dark
green of the evergreens serves to bring out the design of the
beds. From this garden four ramps lead to a higher level, the
southern boundary of the formal gardens, planted to an ave-
nue of plane trees. A moat separates the two gardens just de-
scribed from a third which adjoins the chateau. This garden
is composed of flower beds of various designs surrounded by
hedges of box two feet high. Two specimens of the Fortune’s
palm (Trachycarpus excelsa) are planted in this garden, but
their location in the design is a question. Ramps of greater
dimensions, bordered by trees clipped square, lead up to a
point of vantage from which all three gardens can be viewed.
A heavy border planting to screen certain buildings on adjoin-
ing estates would improve the appearance of the gardens of
Villandry.

Continuing west from Villandry, but on the north bank of
the River Loire, stands the castle of Langeais, considered one
of the best examples of military architecture in France. The
base of this chateau was once washed by the River Loire, but
the river is now confined to its channel by a system of levees.
To the rear of the castle is a court, surrounded on three sides
by buildings, containing a square parterre which, in the sum-
mer of 1919, was not planted.

Recrossing the Loire to the south and a few miles west is
the chateau of Usse, built in the fifteenth and sixteenth cen-
turies. It stands on a low hill, and ramps lead down to the
gardens beneath. The setting of the building against a solid
green background of trees and the ivy-clad balustrades of the
ramps are pleasing features of this chateau.

The chateau of Azay-la-Rideau stands in the midst of fine
groves of trees, and, as at Chenonceaux, an avenue of planes
leads from the gate to the main entrance of the building. The
rich and elegant ornamentation of the doors and windows and
the towers at the corners of the building reflected in the ponds
and moats of placid water make a charming picture. Azay-la-
Rideau and Chinon, a distance of approximately twelve miles,

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MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 85

are connected by a straight road through the national forest
of Chinon. The well-kept national forests of France, with
their splendid macadam roads, are a joy to the tourist.
Whether any garden was ever associated with the chateau of
Chinon, is a question. To the rear of the present ruins are a
few small park-like areas frequented by the many visitors who
climb the steep paths leading to the ruins.

Numerous chateaux or country homes of minor importance
are to be found in the Touraine Valley. Riding through the
country along the wonderful French highways one frequently
approaches large wooded areas which usually indicate the
presence of a chateau. The majority of these buildings were
unoccupied in 1918 and 1919, but the keepers in charge always
permitted a visit of the grounds. Fr lack of help, the lawns
and beds in most places were neglected, but the vegetables,
trained fruits and conservatories were in good condition. The
chateaux of Touraine and their gardens will always charm
the tourist with their beauty, historical associations, and
variety of design.

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF
MISSOURI AND ADJOINING STATES

VI. NATIVE PERENNIALS FORNATURAL AND WILD GARDENS

One of the most interesting as well as ornamental ways of
utilizing a large number of our native perennials is to plant
them in eomparatively large masses and in various combina-
tions so as to indicate a natural or spontaneous growth.
Plants to be used for this purpose must be of a somewhat
robust character, and many plants which would not be at
home in the ordinary hardy border would in such a natural
arrangement produce a pleasing effect. The plants given in
the following list are all such as will flourish under minimum
care and attention if given proper soil, light, and moisture.
Those suitable for very rocky or moist situations have been
noted in previous lists of this series.

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of time of
Botanical name name height flowers bloom
PLANTS GROWING IN DRY, SUNNY SITUATIONS
+3 Achillea Millefolium..Yarrow ....... SEO ENV ELECO: << i4 4 6.5:5 0h Summer
-3-9 Androponon
BCODUPIUS o6 ss 0 5 Brown
beard-2rass 5 eS ATLB EL: yl ccdss Sra acs aarke-s eaten

3-8 Asclepias tuberosa...Butterfly weed. 1-2’ ....Oranve ......... June-Aug.

86 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name : time of
name height flowers hioosh
*3 Aster grandiflorus....Large-flowered
1) aaa 1-3’ VIOIOU. bi oe sane Sept.-Oct
8 Aster oblongifolius ..Aromatic aster 1-2’ ....Pinkish
purple ........ Aug.-Oct.
3-9 Aster patens ........ Late purple
re 1-3’ Purple’ yscivees .. Aug.-Oct.
3-8 Aster sagittifolius ...Arrow-leaved
aster .....%% B44! 4 7BIUC 44. 6a% aed es Aug.-Oct.
3 Aster turbinellus ....Prairie aster.. 2-3’ se VIOIOE sae dees Sept.-Oct.
3 Baptisia tinctoria....Wild indigo... 2-4’ ie COUOW i aaviwa st June-Sept.
3-8 Bouteloua
curtipendula ...... Racemed
bouteloua ... 1-3’ PGYOSE 52% 450 err re
3-8 Camassia Fraseri....Wild hyacinth.. .8-18” ..Pale blue....... April-May
3 Chrysanthemum
Leucanthemum ....Ox-eye daisy... 1-2’ White" scdse8ess May-Aug
3 Coreopsis lanceolata.. Lance-leaved
tickseed .... 1-2’ VONGW: ai veccacas Summer
9 Coreopsis palmata....Stiff tickseed.. 1-3’ se XOUOW op acuasn's June-July
9 Cunila origanoides...American
dittany ..... 8-20” Purple and
38 Desmodium DINK ssiecsent Aug.-Sept.
canadense ......... Canadian tick
trefoll 42.52% 2-4’ PUIDIO 6isdadeee July-Sept.
8 Echinacea
angustifolia ....... Pale purple
cone-flower.. 1-3’ PUL Os osacesns © July-Oct.
3 Euphorbia corollata. .F lowering
spurge ..... 10”-3’ WHITE: .6csctececs May-Oct.
3 Helianthus mollis....Hairy
sunflower ... 2-4’ Yellow .. Aug.-Sept.
8 Heliopsis scabra...... Rough
heliopsis ... 2-4’ ....Yellow .........June-Sept.
3-8 Heuchera americana..Alum-root .... 2-3’ ..Greenish white. .May-Aug.
3-8 Houstonia
angustifolia ....... Narrow-leaved
houstonia .. 1-2’ .-Purplish white...May-July

*Key to soil conditions:

Two or more numbers indicate a

example 2-4 is loam with a clay subsoil.

1. Clay.

2. Clay subsoil.

3. Clay loam.
4. Loam.
5. Leafmold,

combination of soil conditions; for

6. Gravelly soil.

7. Sandy loam.

8. Disintegrated limestone.
9. Disintegrated flint.

na iB

PLATE

8,

Von.

BULL.,

GARD.

Bor.

Mo,

FORMAT, GARDEN AT VILLANDRY.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

87

Approx.
Common. Approx. Color of
Botanical name time of
name height flowers bloom
3 Houstonia minima....Least bluet.... 1-3” Bl0G iis cece March-May
3 Houstonia purpurea.. Large
houstonia AAG ee COL DIO+ ane seems May-Sept.
8 Lepachys pinnata....Gray-headed
cone-flower.... 2-4’ WOUGW...i:c% ca ves June-Sept.
3 Liatris cylindracea ..Cylindric
blazing-star.. 1-2’ Purple .........July-Sept.
3 Liatris elegans....... Handsome
8-8 Liatris . blazing-star.. 1-3’ HOGG \ 2405 scabs oes Aug.-Oct.
graminifolia ...... Loose-flowered
button snake-
TOOG cee ois 1-3’ PUrDlOs sai.50 se ate Aug.-Sept.
8-8 Liatris punctata...... Dotted button
snakeroot 1-2’ Purple’ 2. ssleess Aug.-Oct.
8-8 Liatris pycnostachya,.Hairy button
snakeroot .. 2-4’ Purple: fciuie<ss Aug.-Sept.
8-8 Liatris scariosa...... Largo button
snakeroot 2-5’ ie POIDIO -ceisessss Aug.-Sept.
3-8 Liatris squarrosa....Blazing-star .. 1-3’ ..Purple .........June-Sept.
3 Lilium
philadelphicum .... Wood lily..... 2-3’ . Reddish orange..June-July
3 Linaria vulgaris..... Butter-and-
OSP8> ccieesss ota att CLIOW,= 6 «gs <8 June-Seps.
3 Lysimachia
MURCIGIG: .cceccccre Spotted
locsestrife .. 2-3’ So COUOWE gicis sioes: sie June-July
3-8 Monarda
Bradburiana ...... Bradbury’s
MONSTON soc RS 6 ee PINE oe. ecd as May-June
3 Monarda fistulosa,...Wild bergamot 2-4’ ADVE sereraie aieieie oe June-Sept.
3-8 Oenothera
missouriensis ..... Missouri primrose
Low, tufted.. OLLOW 3 oss see sles May-July
3 Oenothera speciosa...Showy
primrose ... 1-2’ White or pink...May-July
3 Panicum virgatum....Tall smooth
panicum .... 1-3’ PUG Foo oe Se reiaes Sretan
3 Parthentum
integrtfolium ..... American
feverfew 1-3’ MU TECO |< 6. 's ee e's bis May-Sept.
8 Parthenium repens. ..Creeping
parthenium.... 6-18" ....White ..:....... April-July
3 Phlox amoena........ Hairy pilex. <... S40. . 6cPIMK osc cases April-June
3 Phloz paniculata.....Garden phlox. 1-3’ ....Pink or white...July-Sept.
3-8 Phlox pilosa ....... Downy phlox.. 6-12”....Pink or white..April-June
8 Psoralea tenuiflora ..Few-flowered
psoralea .... 2-4’ OPUPDlIG: < sicw = os 4 May-Oct.

88

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name : time of
name height flowers bioom
3 Saponaria
Officinalis ......... Bouncing Bet.. 1-2’ PION vies pee bee Summer
3 Silphium
integrifolium .....Entire-leaved
rosin-weed .. 2-5’ SOLOW 755557 ak Aug.-Sept.
3 Sisyrinchium
graminoides ...... Blue-eyed grass 6-12”....Blue .......... April-June
3-8 Solidago rigida ..... Hard-leaved
golden-rod .. 1-4’ TV GUOW oh esaas cs x Aug.-Oct
3-8 Solidago ulmifolia ..Elm-leaved
golden-rod .. 2-4’ Yellow ......... July-Sept.
3 Stenanthium
gramineum ....... Grass-leaved
stenanthium 2-4’ W Rite seas cus Aug.-Sept.
3 Tradescantia
brevicaulis ....... Short-stemmed
spiderwort .. 6-12”. Rose-purple ....April-May
3 Tradescantia
i, -, ae Dae ae Roseate
‘ spiderwort .. 6-12”....Rose .......... April-Aug.
3-8 Verbena
canadensis ........ Large-flowered
verbena .... 8-15”. BING. oo eee April-July
3 Vernonia Baldwinii..Baldwin’s
iron-weed 2-4’ Purple -....i.... July-Sept.
3 Vernonia crinita..... Great
iron-weed ... 3-6’ PUPDIO oi. e508 Aug.-Oct
3 Viola palmata ....... Early blue violet
(tufted) 6” S5LUG saccortok areinters March-May
9 Viola pedata ........ Bird’s-foot violet
(tufted) .... 3-10" ....Lilae or blue..March-June

PLANTS GROWING IN DRY, PARTIALLY SHADED SITUATIONS

3 Asclepias. Purple
PUTPUTASCENS .... milk-weed ..
8 Aster laevis ......... Smooth aster..
3 Cimicifuga
TACEMOSA ......2.. Black snakeroot
3 Scutellaria Heart-leaved
COrdifolia ....6.00% skullcap ...
3 Solidago odora....... Sweet-scented
golden-rod ..

3 Thalictrum dioicum..Early
meadow rue.
3 Thalictrum
polygamum
a ee
3 Thalictrum
PUrpUrascens ..... Purplish

meadow rue.

,

2-4
2-4’
3-8’
1-3’
1-3’
1-2’
3-8’

4-7’

PIPED 41 hg 1S: ieee er rae June-Aug.
.. Violet or blue...Sept.-Oct.
WHIDB: . nates ie. June-Aug.
BING rie taee eens Aug.-Oct
Yellow ......... July-Sept.
Greenish ....... April-May
WIth? <n aus css July-Sept.
PUTHIN fa 0s x June-Aug.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx
Botanical name Common ier! ove ani of time of
name eig owers hiner
PLANTS GROWING IN MOIST, SUNNY SITUATIONS
3 Anemone canadensis. Canada
anemone 1-2’ "WIG: i386 etek 4 May-Aug
3 Anemone multifida...Red
wind-flower . 6-18” ....Greenish red..... Summer
3 Aster amethystinus..Amethyst aster 2-4’ ore mah g 0) Ceara ear Sept.-Oct
3 Aster novae-angliae...New England
ASTOR... 3-6’ .. Violet-purple ....Sept.-Oct
3 Aster novi-belgii ....New York
AStOl vata tes eS t secte eV LOLOU sy ciset ee ors Aug.-Oct.
3 Aster salicifolius ....Willow-leaved
ASLOI occas 2-4’ WhHIt6C S458 sc ca Aug.-Oct
3 Baptisia australis....Blue false
sb e¥s b Ezae eee eee 2-4’ ..Indigo-blue ..... June-Aug.
3 Boltonia asteroides...Aster-like
boltonia .... 3-6’ ..Pinkish or
WHILO? <45<¢ ec July-Sept.
3 Boltonia latisquama. .Broad-scaled
boltonia .... 3-6’ .. Violet-blue ..... July-Sept.
3 Cassia marylandica..Wild senna.... 3-5’ ey CLIOW: oa/e ssies ares July-Aug.
3 Coreopsis tripteris...Tall tickseed.. 3-6’ ae VOLOW. 6. cnc ee © July-Oct.
3 Dodecatheon Meadia.Shooting-star . 8-2’ ..Purple, pink,
or white...... April-May
8 Echinacea purpurea..Purple
cone-flower .. 2-4’ PUTPDIC 825 cs calc July-Oct.
3 Eryngium
yuccaefolium ..... Button
snakeroot 2-6’ ee SUABD) a5 sre scateis June-Sept.
3 Helentum autumnale.Sneezeweed ... 2-4’ ey CLL We nai sik sina Aug.-Oct,
3 Hemerocallis fulva...Day-lily ...... 2-3" »-OFONGe .. 2.0.05. May-July
3 Hibiscus Moscheutos.Swamp
rose-mallow. 3-5’ ..Pink or white..Aug.-Sept.
3 Lilium canadense....Wild yellow
BUY) cad cane 2-4’ sated CLIOW S Skawnees June-July
3 Lilium ttiorinum.....Tiver lily..... 2-4’ Orange-red ....... Summer
3 Lythrum Salicaria....Purple
loosestrife.. 2-3’ IPUTDIC. csceeee June-Aug.
3 Pentstemon glaber...Large smooth
beard-tongue 1-2’ MBING! ose cs vee ee May-Aug
3 Physosteqia
virginiana ........ False
; dragon-head. 1-3’ WUOBO 2566S ce ones July-Sept.
3 Rudbeckta laciniata..Tall
cone-flower.. 3-8’ MellOW i404:534004 July-Sept.
3 Rudbeckia speciosa...Showy
cone-flower.. 1-3’ Yellow ......2%.5 Aug.-Oct.
3 Solidago serotina..., Late
golden-rod .. 3-6’ PE OLIOW? Sate cce cuee Aug.-Oct.
3 Stenonthium
robustum ......... Stout
stenanthium 2-4’ . Greenish white..July-Sept.

90

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Common Approx. Color of ve lesbo
Botanical name name height flowers sem sg
3 Tradescantia
virginiana ........ Spiderwort 1-3’ BUS: ladsh sas ate May-Aug
6 Vernonia
fasciculata ....... . Western
1. Ou- weed 24? ae Purple: scisveses July-Sept.
3 Viola striata......... Pale or
striped violet
(tufted) ..5%. G20" <<<. WRITE. cscn eens April-May
3-8 Zizia aurea ......... Golden meadow
parsnip ~ ASO" se. VOUOW vas sen yeas April-May
3-8 Zizia cordata ....... Heart-leaved
alexanders .. 2-3 sia VODOW Vneneeees May-June

PLANTS GROWING IN MOIST, PARTIALLY

SHADED SITUATIONS

3 Claytonia virginica.
8-8 Dicentra Cucularia.
3-5 Dicentra exrimia...

3-5 EBrythronium
albidum

americanum ....
8-8 Eupatorium
ageratoides .....
3 Eupatorium
coelestinum
3 Geranium
maculatum

eeee

eee ee

3 Meibomia Dillenti..
8-7 Mertensia virginica

3 Panicum
clandestinum ...

3 Pentstemon
Digitalis ........

3 Pentstemon
laevigatus

ose eee

eee

3 Podophyllum
peltatum

.. Spring beauty. 6-12”...
.. Dutchman’s

breeches .... 5-10”....
.. Wild bleeding-

Nesrt 3 ss 2 ale
.. White adder’s-

tongue ..... GLa” xs
.. Yellow adder’s-

tongue ..... 6-12”
.. White

snake-root .. 1-3’
..Mist-flower ... 1-2’
.. Wild

crane’s-bill .. 1-2’
..Dillen’s tick

TPOLOtL vs 0 ck 2-3’
.. Virginian

cowslip 1-2’
..Hispid

panicum 2-3’
.. Foxglove,

beard-tongue. 1-3’
.. smooth

beard-tongue. 1-3’
. Wild blue

BULOR es ena’: 6-12”
..May apple..... 12-18”

.White or pink.. March-May

Wilttwie vcd daidy: April-May
PINK Aneaesaes< April-Sept.
WIG) soo ve sree March-May
Yellow ........March-May
PWhIte ..ccccsccce July-Oct.
TUG Gs a waled we ace Aug.-Oct
..Rose-purple ....April-July
POTD’ .sket ices Aug.-Oct.
Bine 26 ssctecacs April-May
Ornamental grass.........
Wy I cea eo na ets May-July
Purplish .cissces May-July
Blue ...ceccece April-June
<5 WLEOO ; a ses ee escen May

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

91

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name J time of
name height flowers aces
3-5 Polemonium reptans..Greek
Valerian “sec O-LS 4 oe shUB oe sictece ene April-May

3-8 Solidago flexicaulis...Broad-leaved

golden-rod .. 1-2’ ....Yellow ......... July-Sept.
3 Thaspium
trifoliatum ....... Purple meadow
Parsnip... ass Reece Urvle..... <5 cen April-July
8 Viola pubescens...... Hairy yellow
violet (tufted) 6-1’ ....Yellow ......... April-May

VII. HARDY NATIVE FERNS AND PLANTS OF SIMILAR
CULTURE

The native ferns are not as easily cultivated in this part of
the country as in the more moist eastern sections. They are,
however, well worthy of attention if proper location for their
culture can be had. Most of the ferns require shade, leaf
mold, and moisture, such as is afforded in their natural
environment. Thcse who are fortunate enough to have a nat-
ural ravine through which a small stream flows and which is
shaded by a growth of deep-rooted native hardwood trees are
in possession of a proper location for a fern garden. If the
soil is not naturally rich in leaf mold this deficiency should
be remedied before planting the ferns.

The location suitable fcr most of the ferns will also be ideal
for the growing of some of our rare and beautiful perennials.
A few of the latter have been appended to the list, as well as
some particularly interesting and desirable shrubs and small
trees suitable for an undergrowth to the larger trees and as
a background for the ferns and perennials.

NATIVE HARDY FERNS

Common Approx.

Botanical name aie height Location.

3-5 Adiantum pedatum...Maiden-hair

fern .4. pace 12-18” ....Rich shady woods and
3-5 Asplenitum banks
angustifolium ....Narrow-leaved
spleenwort.. 1-2’ ....Moist woods

3-5 Asplenium
acrostichoides ....Silvery

spleenwort.. 1-3’ ....Rich moist woods

92 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN
Botanical name Common. Approx. Location.
name height
3-5 Asplenium
platyneuron ...... Ebony
spleenwort . 6-15” ....Rocks and banks

3-5 Asplenium
Trichomanes ..... Maiden-hair
spleenwort . 1-6”
3-5 Cystopteris
DUIUEPETA oo cee cese Bulblet
cystopteris . 1-2’

3-5 Cystopteris fragilis...Brittle fern... 6-12”...

3-5 Dryopteris

acrostichoides ....Christmas fern 1-2’
3-5 Dryopteris

FOUOYMNGAG 05s 08 ise Male fern..... 1-3’
3-5 Dryopteris

marginalis ....... Evergreen

wood-fern .. 1-2’

8-5 Onoclea sensibilis....Sensitive fern. 2-3’
3-5 Onoclea

Struthiopteris ....Ostrich fern... 1-2’
3-7 Osmunda

cinnamomea ...... Cinnamon fern 2-3’
3-5 Osmunda

Claytoniana ...... Clayton’s fern. 2-4’
3-5 Osmunda regalis..... Royal fern.... 3-4’

3 Pellaea atropurpurea. Purple-stemmed

cliff-brake .. 6-12”....

3-5 Phegopteris

Dryopteris ....... Oak fern... 6-12” ...
3-5 Phegopteris
hexagonoptera ....Broad beech
1 yee 6-12” .
3-5 Polypodium vulgare..Common
polypody ... 6-12”..
3-5 Pteris aquilina....... Brake 465623 0% 2-4’
3-5 Woodsia obtusa...... Blunt-lobed
woodsia .... 6-12”...

.. Rocks
..Moist rocky ground
.Moist rocky ground
.. Woods and shady banks
..Rocky woods and banks
..Rocky woods and banks
...Moist ground -
..Moist shady ground
.. Wet sandy ground

..Marshy ground
..Marshy ground

Moist rocks

.Moist woods

..Dry woods and hillsides

..Moist rocks and banks
...Dry open ground

.Moist rocky ground

HARDY PERENNIAL PLANTS FOR GROWING WITH OR

AMONG FERNS

Approx.
Botanical name Common Approx. Color of time of
name height flowers hicom
3 Aconitum
noveboracense ....New York
monkshood. 2’ js SARE oc atestae ok June-Aug.
3 Aconitum
reclinatum ....... Trailing wolf’s
bane ..... Trailing WV Lt ees a see = July-Aug.

3 Aconitum uncinatum. Wild
monkshood . 2-3’

-. LG ax eekcan ik June-Sept.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

93

: Approx. ~
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name é time of
name height flowers hioom
8 Actaea alba.......... White
baneberry .. 1-2’ PWiItO ese wo cic April-June
8 Actaea rubra ........ Red baneberry 1-2’ sw WVRLLLG: Godeteeaa@ April-June
3-8 Aquilegia canadensis.Wild columbine 1-2’ Scarlet ......... April-July
3-5 Arisaema
triphyllum ....... Jack-in-the-
DULDItcies 1-2’ ....Brownish green. April-May
3-5 Asarum canadense...Wild ginger... 6-10” ....Purple ......... April-May
3 Astilbe biternata.....False goat’s
beard ...... 3-6’ Yellowish white...... June
3-5 Cypripedium
candidum ....... Small white
lady’sslipper 6-12” ....Greenish white
tinged with
3-5 Cypripedium purple ........ May-June
hirsutum .....0005 Large yellow
lady’s slipper 1-2’ Yellow ......... May-June
3-5 Cypripedium
spectabile ........ Showy lady’s
. slipper ..... 1-2’ .- Purple and white.May-June
3-5 Delphinium tricorne.Dwarf larkspur 1-2’ ....Blue .......... April-June
3-5 Dicentra canadensis..Squirrel corn. 6-12” ....Greenish white. .May-June
3 Gentiana flavida..... Yellowish
gentian 1-3’ ....Yellowish white. .Aug-Oct.
3 Gentiana puberula...Downy gentian 8-18" ....Blue ............ Aug.-Oct.
3-5 Hepatica acutiloba... Heart
liver-leaf ... 4-6” ....Blue, purple or
white ....... March-May
3-5 Hepatica triloba...... Kidney
liver-leaf 4-6” .- Blue, purple or
white ....... March-May
7 Heralectris aphylla..Crested
coral-root ... 8-20” ....Brownish
3-5 Hydrophyllum purple ....... July-Aug.
Canadense ........ Broad-leaved
water-leaf .. 6-18” SVL LG c-hig aoss pete s June-July
3-5 Hydrophyllum
macrophyllum ....Large-leaved
water-leaf . 1-2’ Whitish ........ May-June
3-5 Hydrophyllum
virgintanum ...... Virginia
water-leaf .. 1-2’ ..Bluish white....May-Aug.
7 Isopyrum
biternatum ....... False rue
anemone ... 6-1’ PaONW dU: cars ts encase eos May
3-5 Mitella diphylla...... Mitre-wort .... 10-18” SWWARICG 5. bh ree 2 April-May
3-5 Osmorhiza
brevistylis ........ Wooley sweet
Cieel¥ os... 18”-3’ WHITE 4.2. i646 sie s May-June
3-8 Polygonatum
DEROTUM ccc cccees Hairy Solomon’s
SER). 40554 es 2’ WAC © vase oreiacns April-June

94 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name name height flowers pm og
3-8 Polygonatum
commutatum ..... Smooth
Solomon’s
SOG) ates s We eka WAS acuciabas: May-July
3-5 Sanguinaria
canadensis ....... Bloodroot..5.4..° 8-12" 5... White so.cen cis March-May
3 Spiraea Aruncus.....Goat’s-beard .. 2-4’ ....j/White ..... aie ee May-July
3 Smilacina racemosa. .False Solomon’s
BOAT ae sais Pe8! Ti ose W OIEO wo atin ee as May-June
3 Trillium erectum.....Large white
wake-robin . 8-18” ....White .......... April-May
3 Trillium
grandifiorum ..... Large-flowered

wake-robin . 6-12” ....Pinkish white...May-June
3-5 Trillium recurvatum. Prairie

wake-robin . 6-18”....Purple ......... April-May
3-5 Uvularia grandiflora..Large-flowered
DELWOLt. vee ded": sta eR OHO ae es baer April-June
3 Uvularia perfoliata. ..Perfoliate
. bellwort .... 6-20"....Yellow ......... May-June

The following smail trees and shrubs are particularly
adapted for use as a background for a fern garden, the con-
ditions of soil, shade, and moisture being about the same as
for the ferns in the above-mentioned list.

' Approx.
Common Approx. Color of :
Botanical name time of
name height flowers bicnin
3 Asimina triloba...... North Ameri-
can papaw.. 10-40’ ....Dark purple. .March-April
® Avaled. tuted...<...5% Flame azalea.. 4-15’ ....Yellow or red....May-June
3-5 Azalea canescens.....Mountain
azalea ...... 4-15’ ....Rose to white...April-May
8 Cercis canadeénsis....Red-bud ...... 15-25’ ....Pinkish
purple ..... March-April
3-5 Clethra alnifolia..... Sweet
pepperbush . 3-10’ ....White .......... July-Aug.
38 Cornus florida....... Flowering
dogwood ... 20-40’ ....White .......... April-May
3-5 Kalmia
angustifolia ...... Sheep-laurel .. 1-3’ ....Purple or
CrimGOR> «irss- May-June
38 Oxydendrum
WIV CUM. oi aies ws sorrel. tree... To: 60" |... White iisi cts d. June-July
3 Ptetea trifoliata...... Hop tree..... To 20’ ....Greenish white...... June
8 Xanthorulum
americanum ..... Prickly ash...To 20’ ....Greenish ....... April-May
8 Xanthorylum Southern

Clava-Herculis .... prickly ash.To 20’ ....Greenish white....... June

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 95

NOTES

Prof. Etienne Foéx, Director of the Plant Pathology Sta-
tion, Paris, France, visited the Garden, August 23, during
his tour of this country.

Mr. C. R. Hursh, formerly Rufus J. Lackland fellow, has
been appointed assistant pathologist on rust investigations at
the University of Minnesota.

Mr. G. H. Pring, Horticulturist to the Garden, was elected
Vice-President of the National Association of Gardeners at
its recent convention in St. Louis.

Mr. L. P. Jensen, Arboriculturist to the Garden, attended
the convention of the American Association of Park Superin-
tendents, at Louisville, September 9-11.

Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant, formerly Teaching Fellow in the
Henry Shaw School of Botany, has accepted a position as
instructor in botany at Cornell University.

Dr. Norma E. Pfeiffer, of the University of North Dakota,
spent several days at the Garden recently in connection with
her monographic studies of the genus Isoetes.

Dr. Hermann von Schrenk, Pathologist to the Garden,
visited the Coastal Botanical Laboratory, Carnegie Institu-
tion, Carmel, California, during the summer.

Dr. Hermann von Schrenk, Pathologist to the Garden,
addressed the Association of Engineering Societies at San
Francisco, September 1, on ‘‘ Wood Preservation.”’

Mr. George M. Armstrong, Rufus J. Lackland fellow, was
employed during the summer on a study of the nematode dis-
ease in the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

Dr. Takashi Matsumoto, who took his doctorate in botany
at the commencement of Washington University in June, will
sail for Europe, October 6, where he will spend six months
before returning to Japan.

Dr. W. B. Brierly, mycologist to the Rothamsted Experi-
ment Station, Harpenden, England, who was in this country
at the invitation of the Phvtopathological Society, stopped
over in St. Louis, September 9-10, to visit the Garden.

Mr. G. H. Pring, Horticulturist to the Garden, was awarded
a gold medal by the National Association of Gardeners for the

96 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

creation of a new water-lily, Nymphaea ‘‘Mrs. Edwards
Whitaker.’ This is only the second time in the history of
the association that the gold medal has been awarded.

Recent visitors to the Garden include Prof. E. M. East, of
the Bussey Institution, Harvard University; Mr. J. B.
Demaree, of the Pecan Disease Laboratory, U. 8S. Department
of Agriculture, Thomasville, Georgia; Dr. George L. Peltier,
Professor of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska; Mr.
George W. Hess, Director U. 8S. Botanic Gardens, Washing-
ton, D. C.; Lord and Lady Cave, of London, England.

The annual convention of the National Association of
Gardeners was held in St. Louis, September 14-16, at the
Marquette Hotel. The meetings were opened with an address
of welcome by Dr. George T. Moore, Director of the Garden.
On September 15 the visitors attending the convention were
invited to the annual gardeners’ banquet provided for in Mr.
Shaw’s will, which was held in the floral display house at the
Garden. Dr. Hermann von Schrenk, Pathologist to the Gar-
den, delivered the after-dinner address on ‘‘Pacifie Coast
Trees.’? On September 16 the Garden Club of St. Louis en-
tertained the visitors with a luncheon at Bevo Mill. After
the luncheon an automobile drive through the city was taken,
a stop-over of about an hour being made at the Garden to
view the buildings and grounds.

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR JUNE—AUGUST,

1920
GARDEN ATTENDANCE:
Total number of visitors in June. ................00-. 13,965
Total number of visitors In July. oo. ijisiec ccc ccka coeur 17,587
Total number of visitors in August... .............-. 24,419
PLANT ACCESSIONS:
Total number of plants and seeds received as gifts in July 16

PLANT DISTRIBUTION:

Total number of plants and seeds distributed as gifts in

SPANAIR eh rer, 7 De Sera kos aaitdia eS asm ste aie eae 35
Total number of plants distributed in exchange in July.. 39
Total number of plants distributed in exchange in August 100
Total number of packets of seed distributed in exchange

Sa UF oo oo nh a ne ares OM a ad eae eee ee 131
LimprarRY ACCESSIONS:
Total number of books and pamphlets bought in June... 38
Total number of books and pamphlets donated in June.. 514
Total number of books and pamphlets bought in July... 32
Total number of books and pamphlets donated in July.. 89
Total number of books bought in August............... 24

Total number of books and pamphlets donated in August 50

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 97

JUNE
HrERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:
By Purchase—
C, F. Baker—‘Fungi Malayana, Cent. VI, Nos. 501-600,
IUOLUSIV Oy ont ee ee a 100
Rev. John Davis—Plants of Michigan and Nebraska 213
John M, Holzinger—‘Musci Acrocarpi Boreali-Ameri-

cani,”’ Fasc. XVI, Nos. 376-400, inclusive. ....... 25
Prof. Morton E. Peck-——Plants of Oregon........... 483

By Gift—
J. S. Bemis—Ulmus americana L. from Tennessee. . 1
T.S. Brandegee—Unknown Compositae from Mexico 1
Dr. A. Davidson—Ceanothus sp. from California... . 1

Mr. Fritts—Xanthorylum Clava-Herculis L. from

AUS AOS pp. pcs, Foose FA i OE ede a oad ee es wk 1
Dr. Harold Hume—/lex sp. from Florida........... 1
Mrs. J. M. Jackson—Cultivated specimen of Rosa

gallica L. var. cristata Curt.................0.- 1

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England—Fragment of

type and drawings of Mimulus peduncularis

DOU Ee earae eit reel ate aceite rane ne 1
W. H. Snell—Fungi from Lake Winnepesaukee, N. H. 3
A, L. Stone—Nasturtium austriacum Crantz, from

University Farm, College of Agriculture, Madi-

SON WISCONSIN: geen es ear ee Cate Le eee 1
Dr. Hermann von Schrenk—Specimens of pine from

British: Hondurag? cece vation 4
John Waltz—Specimens of flowering plants from

UTD hc Cc) Fe aeereeneeriner ss ayeend atc i ON ee ie Penta Bi 2
Dr. J. R. Weir—Fungi from Mexico and other locali-

PROMS -orou hawk ae ee nace ete Soe a tae 7
Dr. A. Yasuda—Japanese fungi.................... 22

By Exchange—
Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia—Plants of

Australiai.. 3 :.:.0. eee ener tee Mee ee ek ae, et 100
C. R. Orcutt—Type specimens of Echinocereus Orcut-

titi and Hasseanthus Orcuttii Rose.............. 2
Pomona College, by Prof. C. A. Munz—Plants of

California: 252. .2catete eee en ee 35
New York Botanical Garden, by M. A. Howe—Algae

chiefly from the West Indies................... 225

JULY
By Gift—

J. A. Drushel—Plants of Ohio, Illinois, Missouri and

Washington... Gey seee eer ele ec ese 27
Jas. H. Ferriss—Phlox argillacea Clute & Ferriss,

SPODK TEI he etree hic as is hee ek cee a
Dr. J. M. Greenman—Plants of St. Louis County, Mo. 27
Mrs, Katherine Leigh—Plants of Yellowstone Nationat

gg Se Pe it tthe ee a IT
C, G. Lloyd—Stereum fasciculatum from Colorado... a
John Waltz—Phloz sp. from Illinois............... 1

Dr. S. M. Zeller—Fungi from WOTOROT Me Shirt & cos ce 10

98

MISSOURT BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

AUGUST
By Gift:

J. A. Drushel—Plants of Illinois, Missouri and Texas 17
August Koch—Crown gall on Carolina poplar....... es |
Cc. G. Liloyd—Septobasidium pseudopedicellatum

Bart from “SOUth AlriOa sos ss sone 5s asi ees OG 1
Dr. L. O. Overholts—Thelephora vialis Schw. and

Craterellus Cantharellus Schw. .............05. Z
W. H. Snell—Septobasidium on white pine.......... i
Dr. M. L. Whetstone—Merulius erectus Lloyd, cotype 1

reer STAFF
OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Director,
GEORGE T. MOORE.

BENJAMIN Mince Duacar, JESSE M. Greanuan,

Physiologist in charge of Graduate Laboratory. . Curator of Herbarium.
HERMANN VON SCHRENK, JOANNE L. KARRER,

Pathologist. Reseorch Assistant.
Epwarp A. Burt, — . KATHERINE H. LEIGH,

Myoologist and Librarian. Secretary to the Director

NEEL C. Hoanen,
Editor of Publications.

'.G. H.. Prine,
Horticulturist.

JoHN NOYES,
Landscape Designer.

L, P. JENSEN,
Arboriculturist. —

Paut A. Kou,
Floriculturist.

P. C. BRAWNER, ema. fee LaNGAn,
Painter. Engineer.

MlssourR! BOTANICAL
GARDEN /BULLETIN

Vol. VIII OCTOBER, 1920 No. 8

CONTENTS
Page
Peresicia: aculeatac nes a i OO AR Se ae eh OS
Test Garden, 1920 .... Ser core ti,

Native Plants Suitable for the ee of Minsoori end
Adjoining States Pe se Re eR See ee sb Oe

TASTY OAS US i EUR SSS ad Oo en canon Jp

Statistical Information” 20. 3 es ee a aD

anes oe ———
ae

ST. LOUIS, MO.
1920
Published Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees

eed
—_———

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE:
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

*

BOARD OF TRUSTEES -
OF THE MISSOURI BOTAN ICAL GARDEN

r Ez oRtGINAL ‘MEMBERS WERE DESIONATED: IN MR. SHAW'S. WILL
THE BOARD SO CONSTITUTED, Secost OF THE
EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS, Is SREY VRETETUREING

“President, *
EDWARDS WaeEiAb BR

Syagg reste ee
_ DAVID Ss. H. SMITH,

Leow KD MATTHEWS.
Won = H. Perros,

Pane c, rat bs

~“

ik oo aocnae i

“EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS

«

Faso fT: “Moore, RS waht]
ae

ee J lw. FRANK awred :
ae Mayor ofthe City of itutouls” a gett Da font
7 5 * 8.
- Danmen S. TUTTLE, —
"Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri.

ms ¥

‘CHARLES A. Ror, : Secretary.

Mo. Bor. Garp. BULL., VoL. 8, 1920. PLATE 12.

PERESKIA ACULEAT.\

Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., October, 1920 No. 8

PERESKIA ACULEATA

This genus of the cactus family is named in honor of Nico-
las Claude Fabry de Peiresse and frequently is referred to as
the Barbados gooseberry, lemon vine, or blade apple. Orig-
inally the genus included upwards of forty species, but only
thirteen are recognized at present, the remaining being classi-
fied under allied genera.

Pereskia aculeata, its variety Godseffiana, and P. Bleo
may be recommended as greenhouse climbers, growing lux-
uriantly and producing an abundance of flowers despite low
temperature and drought. These climbers are indigenous to
South America, in regions subject to dry seasons. The plants
of this genus are rarely regarded as true cacti in view of their
foliage characteristics which resemble the ordinary type of
climbers. Upon handling, however, their cactus habit is soon
discovered through the spines which are arranged along the
various nodes at the base of the leaves. In the young growth
they are short, rigid, bicornute and green. In the woody
branches they are arranged in clusters upon a cushion of
downy pubescence and are dark brown in color. In Pereskia
Bleo the spines are more prominent, being fully two inches in
length. This plant is a much stronger grower than P. aculeata
and produces larger leaves and branches. The flowers are
mauve-pink and at a distance may be mistaken for those of
the common briar. The spines of this and other cacti have
been tried as a substitute for steel needles for phonograph
machines but have proven too brittle.

Pereskia aculeata is a common species in cactus collections,
being used as stock on which to graft various other cacti. The
favorite Easter cactus, Epiphyllum truncatum, is grafted
upon the strong-rooting Pereskia stock to influence the growth
and a greater production of flowers. Well-ripened wood in
lengths varying from six to ten inches is selected for the
grafting stock. These hardwood cuttings will root readily in
sand in the ordinary propagating bench, or if the operation

99

100 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

is tried in the home, by placing a glass covering over the pot.
The old spines are used to secure the detached Easter cactus
to the stock of Pereskia. P. aculeata, from the standpoint of
a climber, is very satisfactory, perhaps the only objection
being its deciduous habit during the winter. This, however,
is counterbalanced by its ornamental as well as edible fruit.
When ripe it resembles the gooseberry and is used for mak-
ing jelly and drinks. The branches are of a woody texture
when mature, bearing clusters of spines about an inch long.
The young shoots have but two short, horn-like spines which
are slightly curved and of a dark green color. The flowers
are pale yellow, about an inch in diameter, and hang in long
festoons five to six feet in length. The large specimen in the
succulent house at the Garden is so fragrant that its perfume
penetrates into the economic house. This plant has fre-
quently been called the climbing orange blossom.

The variety Godseffiana possesses leaves colored crimson,
yellow, and green upon the upper surface. When first intro-
duced at the Garden it was planted in the experimental plot
with a view of using it as a bedding plant in this section of
the country. Experience showed however, that its foliage
turned to a greenish yellow, becoming deciduous in the fall.
When grown in a greenhouse with combined heat and mois-
ture its tricolors are very prominent.

TEST GARDEN, 1920

In 1919 a test garden was established at the south end of
the garden, the contents of which was listed in the May, 1919,
number of the BULLETIN.

Following is a list of plants grown during the summer of
1920:

Achyranthes Biemuelleri

Achyranthes formosa

Achyranthes “Panache de Bailey”
Aegopodium Podograria variegatum
Agathaea coelestis

Ageratum Fraseri

Ageratum mexicanum “Dwarf White”
Ageratum mexicanum “Imperial Dwarf Blue”
Ageratum mexicanum “Little Blue Star”
Alyssum maritimum “Little Gem”
Alyssum maritimum “Snow Carpet”
Alyssum minimum,

Amaranthus hypochondriacus
Antirrhinum maijus “Intermediate”
Antirrhinum majus “Tall”

Antirrhinum majus “Tom Thumb”
Arctotis grandis

Artemisia Stelleriana

9

13

PLATE

1920

GARD. BULL, VOL. 8,

tA.
SOT.

I

Mo

GIANT

MALLOW

(HIBISCUS

MANIHOT).

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Begonia semperflorens “Crimson Bedder”
Begonia semperflorens “Vernon”
Calliopsis radiata “Tiger Star”
Callistephus chinensis “Heart of France”
Callistephus chinensis “Hercules”
Callistephus chinensis “Ostrich Plume”
Callistephus chinensis “Silvery Pink”
Callistephus chinensis “Silvery Rose”
Celosia Childsii

Celosia chrysanthefolia “‘Celosiamum”
Centaurea gymnocarpa

Cerastium tomentosum

Coleus sp.

Cosmos bipinnatus “New Double Crimson”
Cyperus natalensis

Dahlia rosea “Mignon”

Dahlia rosea ‘‘Peony-fowered”

Dahlia rosea “Peter Pan”

Dahlia rosea, double

Delphinium Ajacis “Blue Gem”
Delphinium chinense

Dianthus barbatus “Brilliant Red”
Erlangea tomentosum

Eschscholizia californica “The Geisha”
Gerbera Jamesonii

Geum chiloense “Mrs. Bradshaw”

Gilia micrantha

Helianthus annuus “Giant Red’
Helianthus annuus “Prolific White”
Helianthus annuus “Wine and Primrose”
Hibiscus Manihot “Giant Mallow”

Ideris amara coronaria “Improved White Spiral Candytuft”

Impatiens Holstii

Lantana sp.

Lobelia Erinus “Bedding Queen”
Lobelia Erinus “Dark Blue”
Lobelia hybrida “Sapphire”

Lychnis coronaria, crimson
Mesembryanthemum cordifolium
Mesembryanthemum floribundum
Mesembryanthemum tricolor
Mesembryanthemum variegatum
Papaver Rhoeas “Flanders Field Poppy”
Papaver Rhoeas “Munstead Cream Pink”
Perilla frutescens ‘‘Dwarf Curled”
Perilla frutescens nankinensis
Petunia hybrida, blue

Petunia hybrida “Pearl of Kentfield”
Petunia hybrida, pink

Petunia hybrida ‘‘Roehr’s Glory”
Petunia hybrida, red

Petunia hybrida, variegated

Petunia hybrida, white

Salvia splendens “Globe of Fire”
Salvia splendens, purple

Salvia azurea grandifiora

Sedum caeruleum

101

102 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Senecio multibracteatus

Tunica Sazifraga

Verbena hybrida grandijlora “Rose Queen”
Verbena hybrida grandifiora “Lucifer”

Zinnia elegans “Achievement”

Zinnia elegans “Double Dahlia-flowered”

Zinnia elegans “Giant Dahlia”

Zinnia elegans ‘“Picotee”

Zinnia elegans “Quilled”

Zinnia robusta grandiflora plenissima “Rose King”

All of the plants received the same amount of cultivation
and moisture. Some grew remarkably well, while others were
partial or total failures. Many of the plants advertised as
novelties or superior to well-known varieties proved, under
existing conditions at least, to be no better than those grow-
ing in the Garden. The following notes describe briefly the
most interesting plants of this season. ‘

Calliopsis radiata ‘‘Tiger Star’’ grew to a height of ten
inches and was covered with many small brown flowers. It
was advertised as a continuous bloomer, but in the test garden
the plants all died after their first flowering the latter part
of June. It was attractive when in bloom, but its season short.

Celosia chrysanthefolia ‘‘Celosiamum,’’ claimed to be a
cross between Celosia Childsiti and argentea, proved to be
very variable. Some plants could not be distinguished from
Celosia Childsui, the Chinese wool flower, and others resembled
Celosia argentea. No flowers were produced as advertised.

Dahlias were readily grown from seed and gave great satis-
faction in the wealth and variety of bloom. From a packet
of peony-flowered dahlia seed, obtained from an English firm,
a number of exceptionally large, double flowers were derived.
One especially good plant produced large, lavender peony-
type flowers, which measured seven inches across,

The annual Delphinium Ajacis ‘‘Blue Gem’’ was a good
dwarf plant. Seed sown the middle of March produced
blooming plants during July and August. In September
fresh growths were sent up which bloomed in October. Seeds
did not set freely.

The ‘‘Prolifie White Sunflower,’’ Helianthus annuus, dis-
tributed by a western firm, was said to grow only three feet
tall, but those in the test garden grew six and seven feet. The
heads were very large and contained many white seeds, few
of which were fertile.

The ‘‘Flanders Field Poppy,’’ Papaver Rhoeas, produced
an abundance of red flowers throughout the greater part of
the summer, equal in size and color to those so numerous in
European fields.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 103

Papaver Rhoeas, ‘‘Munstead Cream Pink”’ is considered a
novelty by an English firm. The flowers, borne on long stems,
were large, single and double, and of a delicate shell-pink.
The plants bloomed for a month in midsummer, but after the
seed-pods ripened the entire plants disappeared. It is re-
gretted that such good plants should have such a short season.

A giant mallow, Hibiscus Manihot, sold by a New York firm
as a new plant, attained a height of ten feet and during Sep-
tember and October bore many large, light yellow flowers
measuring six to eight inches across. The plants were robust,
required no staking, and contained heavy foliage unaffected
by insects. To obtain flowers in August seeds should be sown
in February, as it requires fully six months to produce bloom-
ing plants. Attempts to cross this mallow with Hibiscus coc-
cineus, Moscheutos and sinensis were unsuccessful.

Seed of Jberts amara coronaria ‘‘Improved White Spiral
Candytuft’’ were started indoors the middle of March. Dur-
ing the last half of June and the greater part of July the
plants were covered with dense spikes of pure white flowers,
and beds of this candytuft were most attractive. Seeds were
produced abundantly, after which the plants died, the season
ending the middle of August.

A number of hybrid frilled, purple and blue petunias were
grown. The hybrid frilled and purple petunias produced
large flowers, but the foliage was poor. The stems were weak,
the plants requiring considerable staking to keep them pre-
sentable, and seeds seldom were produced even with the aid
of hand pollination. The blue petunia, however, grew well
and produced an abundance of flowers of average size through-
out the season. The foliage was good, the plants self-support-
ing, and seeds abundant.

A purple salvia, presented to the Garden by Mr. G. B.
Moulder, Landscape Architect, Park Department, Nashville,
Tenn., is said to be a sport from the red Salvia splendens. The
plants grew to a height of two and one-half feet and from
July until frost bore deep purple flowers, almost too dark to
be attractive.

Plants of Tunica Saxifraga were grown from seed to deter-
mine their suitability as rock-garden plants in this locality.
From August until frost the low, creeping plants were cov-
ered with delicate, pink flowers. From the manner in which
Tunica Saxifraga grew and flowered during this season, it
can safely be recommended as a plant adapted to growing in
rock gardens.

In referring to the list it will be noted that not all the
plants were novelties. Some of them were merely given a

104 MISSOURI BOTANICAL

trial to determine if suited to some particular purpose.

GARDEN BULLETIN

For

instance, the various achyranthes, ageratums, alyssums, and
lobelias were grown side by side to compare their suitability

as bedding plants in St. Louis.

The majority of the plants

grown in the test garden the past two seasons have been an-
nuals, but it is the intention to gradually add perennials as —

they become available.

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF
MISSOURI AND ADJOINING STATES

VIII. NATIVE SHRUBS FOR MASS PLANTING, FLOWERS
INCONSPICUOUS
Botanical name Common Approx. Color of Tewat
name height flowers bibom

PLANTS GROWING IN MOI

ST, SUNNY SITUATIONS

*6 Alnus incana
3 Andrachne

Speckled alder.. 8-25’...

.Inconspicuous ...April-May

phyllanthoides .....Andrachne ..... 1-3’ .... Yellowish green. ..Summer
BD LIAR GOCHIUG .. ccc ccee Swamp holly....15-25’ ....Inconspicuous ........ May
S StOM ONUCE. 2... cece American holly.. 20-50’ ... .Inconspicuous ..April-June
3 Ilex verticillata ...... Winterberry .... 6-25’ ....Inconspicuous ........ May
3 Salix cordata ........ Heart-leaved
WILLOW oc ste « 5-10’ ... .Inconspicuous ... April-May
8 Sala lucida .......00. Shining willow. .10-15’ ... .Inconspicuous ...April-May
Shale sericea ......... Silky willow.... 4-8’ ....Silvery gray....April-May
PLANTS GROWING IN MOIST, SHADY SITUATIONS
T Dirca palustris....... Leather-wood ....2-5’ ....Yellowish....... April-May
3 Hvonymus americanus.Strawberry bush.4-6’ ....Greenish ............ June
DUES O1GOTA.. ccc sss Tnkberry <....... 2-4’ .. Inconspicuous ...June-July
3 Ribes foridum........ Wild black
CUPrant cana. 4 2-4’ ..Greenish white. .April-May

PLANTS GROWING IN DRY, SUNNY SITUATIONS

8-6 Corylus americana.... Hazelnut

eee ee

3-6 Corylus rostrata......Beaked hazelnut..3-8’

....lnconspicuous. March-April
....Inconspicuous ...April-May

*Key to soil conditions:

Two or more numbers indicate a combination of soil conditions; for ex-

ample 2-4 is loam with a clay subsoil.

1. Clay. 6
2. Clay subsoil. 7
3. Clay loam. 8
4. Loam. 9
5. Leafmold.

. Gravelly soil.

. Sandy loam.

. Disintegrated limestone.
. Disintegrated flint.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 105

=

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of
Botanical name name height flowers hee

3-8 Ostrya virginiana....Hop hornbeam. .20-30’ ....Inconspicuous ...April-May
8 Rhamnus caroliniana..Carolina buck-

THOPN 6552 eine e' 20-30’ ....Greenish ........ May-June
3 Rhus.copallina....... Dwarf sumac. ..10-20’ ....Greenish ....... June-Aug.
3 Rhus glabra......... Smooth sumac... 3-10’ ....Greenish ....... June-Aug.
3 Rhus typhina........ Staghorn sumac.10-30’ ....Greenish ............ June
3 Salix humilis......... Prairie willow.. 2-8’ ....Inconspicuous ..April-May
9 Saliz tristis ......... Dwarf gray
WILLOW fens 2-3’ ....Inconspicuous .March-April
3 Symphoricarpos
occidentalis ........ Wolfberry ...... 1-3’ ....Greenish white. .June-July
3 Symphoricarpos
WACCINOSUSG 6c ccs ce ne Snowberry ..... 1-4’ ....Pinkish white........ June

PLANTS GROWING IN DRY, SHADY SITUATIONS

3 Evonymus obovatus... Running straw-

berry bush

CTPALINE) rees 5d =v oe GTOCORISD: 6044 06% April-May
3 Myrica peregrina...... Sweet fern...... 2-4’ ....Inconspicuous ..April-May
3 Rhamnus Frangula....Alder buckthorn, 4-6’ ....Greenish ........ May-June

3-8 Ribes Cynosbati....... Prickly goose-

| it) igen cen see mee rae 2-4’ ...sGreenish ...... April-June
3 Ribes gracile. ....s6s< Missouri goose-

DOETY Face seas 2-4’ .... White or greenish....May
3 Symphoricarpos

DPUlGarts wrcccccces .Coral-berry ..... 2-4’ ....Pinkish white...June-July

IX. NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS WITH BRIGHT COLORED
FOLIAGE IN AUTUMN AND CONSPICUOUS FRUIT AND
BARK IN AUTUMN AND WINTER

The gorgeous colors of autumn foliage may be introduced
in our gardens and pleasing and harmonious color combina-
tions obtained by the selection of some of the native plants
given in this list. The subject is somewhat complex due to
the fact that trees and shrubs of the same species do not always
assume the same color at the same time in autumn. Some
trees or parts of trees are more brilliant than others. Dif-
ferent leaves or branches or different parts of the same leaves
of some plants will often show different colors. In the smoky
atmosphere of cities the trees and shrubs do not assume such
brilliant colors as where the air is pure.

Our gardens might also be made more attractive and inter-
esting in autumn and winter by planting trees and shrubs
having bright-colored bark or showy fruit. Incidentally the
fruit will serve as food for birds whose winter work of exter-
minating hibernating insects is of the utmost importance to
the welfare of our plantations,

106 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

SS

Botanical name Common name en ng wens —
TREES
Acer Drummondii. Drummond’s maple. Yellow ......... .c cece cece ceveseceees
Acer nigrum ,..... Black sugar maple.. Bright yellow........... Cons eva phede Cam
AC6r-TeOrum ..... Red maple.......... Bright yellow................. Twigs red
Acer saccharum ...Sugar maple........ Bright <VeUOW os. 6 sawessammha en soeebias Gales
Asimina triloba....Papaw ..........0. WOLLOW. waly ceeds o04, ae en eid: Sead Rhee
Betula lenta ...... Black birch......... VOUOW: ees vos Greenish ........ White
Betula lutea ...... Yellow birch....... Oe is 5 sae Greenish .... Yellowish
Betula nigra ...... River birch........ TOUOW:: feos 6,0 Greenish ...... Reddish
Betula papyrifera . Paper birch......... TOUCW -civesces Greenish ........ White
Betula populifolia . American white
LPO * hey) cas cee os TOLOW” \si65 6 e 5% Greenish ........ White
Bumelia lycioides.,.Southern buckthorn................. TRACKS siavssers « tsira hace eae
Carya, all species... Hickory ....... avai gs COLLOSY ch Siies'o:q-'el pri gvce atstthacaitabaenate ee: saan
Castanea dentata.... American chestnut. . Yellow .......... escceccccccccccscececs
Catalpa bignonioides.Indian bean..........-0ecee cece eeeee Green, turn-
ine’ DYOWN «sc. eaye AS
Catalpa speciosa.... Larger Indian bean,................. Green, turn-
Ins DPOWD. 6 beens Ke
Celtis
mississippiensis ..Southern hackberry................- Reddish
black........ b RG och
Celtis occidentalis... Hackberry .........0ecseeceucvceces Reddish
DHAGI 5% os Se ehh as 7
Ceres canadensts....Red-Dud cocccccccerscsececcsercvcvecs Dark
brown ... Brownish
black
Cladrastis tinctoria..Yellow-wood ....... POLIOW ccd gis vc v.04: eee eae a ois cle asleaeica es
Cornus florida....... Flowering dogwood.. Brilliant red..... Red ...... écveslten ene
Crataegus cordata ..Washington'‘thorn... Reddish bronze.. Scarlet ............. ‘
Crataegus Crus-
RR seis ceeas 0 a ve CIOCEBDUP CRGIIN cca ics oes. 6 ein aw saree pe Greenish . ’
PO 5 Fsrai'sn ss a hres elas
Crataegus
macracantha ...... Long-spined thorn................6. GH setae es eck re conn
Crataegus punctata.. Hawthorn .......... YOMOW i624. 05% « PRB eee Sore seed eleialate bate
Diospyros virginiana.Persimmon ........ POLO ooo acee ss Greenish
OMI tas ices wb aoa
Frazrinus lanceolata..Green ash.......... Greenish blue.... Greenish
Gymnocladus
canadensis ....... Kentucky coffee-tree................ BLOW. Gnosis ble ad yess
Liquidambar
Styraciflua ....... Sweet gum......... Scarlet and
yellow ....... BrOWHIBGS 656 deskaens
Liriodendron
Sultiptfera .....06: PUL TREC wea ee eo. 0: CLOUOW oe dpliivisaws gage miwniiy occ sanyneee
Magnolia acuminata.Cucumber tree..........++eeeeeeeues Orange-red. ..... TTT
Magnolia glauca.....Sweet bay.......... Glossy green..... Orange-red. ......... os
Magnolia tripetala..Umbrella tree...... Bright green.....Orange-red. ........2..
Nyssa sylwatica..... MEMIDONG 60056 sine wares are Bright searlet.... Bluish

ISOM oy iSelaute eras

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 107
Botanical name Common name eee Perue f ee
Oxrydendron
arboreum ........ Sorrel tree...... oss BPSLMONE POR ie eeread sscceasscescecsnes .
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore ......cccrecesccvcoes sevees GIAyion
green ... White
Populus alba........ Silver-leaved poplar.Yellow ........-cesceceecececs Twigs sil-
very gray
Prunus americana. .Wild red plum.....ROd 2... ccccccccsccccvcccccessccccceses
Prunus
DENNSYICONICE: cay. WG TOG -CHETTY..... ROW 6. ccckaccccepdaates vives so nlegiseows é
Prunus serotina..... Wild black cherry. .Yellow ........ ws Black Siccieia: aheteie tated
Pyrus angustifolia. . Narrow-leaved
OFADADDIO cree cociae oese wits wine rosea Greenish
VOIMOW: Sicsr cc ehiees
Pyrus coronaria.....American crab-apple..........ceceeee Greenish
VOUOW cscs Ss eeeul
Pyrus toensis....... Western crab-apple..............4. ... Greenish
yellow ......... aioe
Quercus coccinea....Scarlet oak......... HAORISN DOUBER cs o44.5 48 eiaws cise nea
Quercus imbricaria..Shingle oak........ CHOMEY BIGGS 2665 hvincscusnenssac canvases
Quercus palustris...Pin oak........:%.. FUGGGIN: DPGMBE. os iss ee kvaesecdcs sateen
Quercus phellos..... Willow oak......... GIOGEY SOUR ys sain vie v8 eka asue shee
Quercus rubra...... Red OBR ei. v0 + o.s% REO G Pas ove e bs cteee selec dares
Quercus velutina... Quercitron ......... Reddish: bronze... ces sires oem ounces
Sapindus. marginata Soapberry ......... Yellow. sche otic BIAGE: 4 bie ais eatasieterens
Sassafras officinale. Sassafras .......... Scarlet and yellow............ Green
Viburnum Lentago. Nannyberry ........ ILO sek Greve ereueiet LAGE. sssid.0cc eters aes eeetale
SHRUBS
Aesculus arguta..... Western buckeye ... Yellow .........cccccececvecs MRT
Aesculus Pavia..... Red buckeye....... WOULOW or wartowecsinol.s siscieicwe ws cehow nian
Alnus incana....... Speckledial@ericy cece cy cced oats oo56 ‘Given turn-
ing blackiw.¢<cce aes
Amelanchier
alnifolia......... Service-berry ....... ESOC AMG MEOW: 24 di hasseis c/a cise ae doa lalh states
Amelanchier
Botryapium ...... Shad-bush ......... SOO PM NNW ois ok. 0 5 odes eho beau eene 7
Amorpha canescens.Lead plant......6.0.0csed tatateiieclecss GTAVISN: @:2.si« cme otgie .
Baccharis
halimifolia ....... Groundsel. .busbics isn docs cece sk ss WVTLILO aaa one iesieetl
Benzoin aestivale...Spice bush....... re ‘Bright. TAU parc ois a. 24 ace ble lee eete ey aereielere ae
Berberis canadensis.American barberry Scarlet and yellow Red .............ee0. ead
Bumelia lanuginosa.Woolly buckthorn.............. meee aia Black: .isc. css e0see fe
Cephalanthus
occidentalis ...... Button-Duah <scaaaateeectcicccss sas Green turn-
ing DOWN i6.< ose ocean
Chionanthus
virginica .......6. BTringe-treess ie < ciecicensieiereaesieritiels fie.ei cvs Bluish
DIAGis ects secrete

108 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN
Color of Color of Color of
Botanical name Common name leaves fruit Malek

Cornus alternifolia. . Alternate-leaved

COR WO icc 6046 00 6 5dd dees Se BiG Sccuee Light
green
Cornus Amomum...Silky cornel..... «eetOGGiee c.,00554- BG: his otek o's aw bee we
Cornus Baileyi...... Bailey’s cornel...... ReGGIgh 5 kik dds Write: ccs Bright red
Cornus candidissima Panicled dogwood... Reddish ......... WEG 605 5 os5.s2 Sek Cewe
Cornus circinata....Round-leaved
Gogwood ....%.. . Reddish ......... Light DIU: 064) dawn :
Cornus stolonifera..Red osier dogwood.. Reddish ......... White ..... Red
Cornus stricta...... SaEEE COPA. 5c sagt warc's oo eS Meine ds Glues PSIG DUG i's ioe nds
Dirca palustris...., Leather-wood See ee MVNO WT xii ai igk ceo a: Sa elias Matas ocala plates oe
Elaeagnus argentea.Silver-berry ........ Silvery gray..... Silvery
gray .... Silvery
Evonymus gray
americanus ...... Strawberry bush....Pinkish red...... Orange
and red.. Green
Evonymus
atropurpureus ....Wahoo ............. Bright red....... Orange

Evonymus obovatus. Running strawberry

Baraca et ae a ols Ol a Ses ee Orange
1 GB a ee
Hamamelis
virginiana ...... Witch-hazel......... VOLLOW fo ods 6 504 e a SARE RSI Oe a te Mae
Ilex decidua....... SR I 64566 os case neewe Brilliant
1 Gray
Ilex glabra........ MU 84 6k G 005s cee nkdeeed cineaee PBA cose ss 5 cease
BIOd OPGCO..6. os cece -American holly..... Evergreen, glossy. Bright red........ oe
Ilex verticillata..... WE SUCEP OLE Y.- 5. G0ikis oace'c. os cts seer Bright red.. Gray
Itea virginica...... Virginia willow.. ’ | Brilliant TOO s:s'o5 sodas ace we 0 ian see m
Lonicera caerulea. ..Blue honeysuckle. . Vellowo.c- 2.55. Bluish
HAGE oc ove cee
Lonicera ciliata..... American fly
honeysuckle ...... M GLOW 5S oie aces chs cepetie ss «han eee ‘fe
Myrica cerifera....: WYK MAU IRIS coco s oyelc os 5 v.vdiee aed stane WH ictiales<s's'on haemo
Ostrya virginiana...Hop hornbeam..............eecececes Greenish
VOLOW ics sccedices
Prunus virginiana. .Choke cherry....... Mellow <s css oo eeleweaae) «a bien es
Pyrus arbutifolia...Chokeberry ........ BOG Gioniak ewsaie Bright Ted. ©...) 50.0%
Pyrus nigra..... .. Black chokeberry...Red ............ Pi aia as oss ews
Physocarpus
UO x65 vp kM, is ck nc ccccecdsvpacevescbace Greenish
red, turn-
ine DOWD. «sob vida es
Rhamnus carolinianaCarolina buckthorn................... Red, blue,
MORN 6 ka 4 sce barn
Rhamnus Frangula.Alder buckthorn..................04. . a
PAGR © onc ss o's aa hatan ae
Foes caonadensia....Fragrant sumac... .Red ....c....0600 cosccvcesen cccesnecves
Rhus copallina..... Dwarf sumac....... Dark: Teo ess 6<eG:s FOGG sae on av sence ‘“

Rhus glabra........ Smooth sumac...... 1 oe ARR oo RO oP FROG. Gewese vets cit eee

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 109
Color of Color of Color of
Botanical name Common name leaves fruit Sask
Rhus trilobata......Ill-scented sumac...Red ...........2 ceeccecees Price Dales er =
Rhus typhina.......Staghorn sumac....Light green
ANG TOD skew e ccs awibets sae eileen es we
Rosa, native species.Roses ............. Red: or reddish... Rede.) se 80052.00sa ‘
Sambucus canadensis American elder..... VOL OW =e cai eks.s « BGO sees seers ae
Staphylea trifokta.. Bladder: nut.............sceccccvcees Light
Symphoricarpos RECORD fw etietcese ss ee
occidentalis ...... WOLDS DV neers bahia tin. cis tA eae erere Greenish
White cia xcs eee 2
Symphoricarpos
TACEMOSUS ....... SNOW DOILY. as cases Side cca ee Peecaes WEG O 0 be eta ve
Symphoricarpos
Vulgaris ....ccee: COPAISDOITY 5 so: 6i5400 Givi o,s bios eae ors ietews GG: apieGcstustsvowreiie °
Vaccinium
corymbosum ..... Tall blueberry...... Red) occaeaveese eSBs wists fie sare aoe eerie
Vaccinium vacillans.Low blueberry...... RG. er cicrenneee sieteccir tlhe ¢ alee aisles Oia ee ;
Viburnum
cassinoides ....... Withe-rod ......... TLOGGISID 2 ais'ercis crete SBIR ooops. 5 hele 6 Grete Se
Viburnum dentatum .ATTOW-WOOd ......e ee eee eee cuees POS re =) 1) Gace eee eae oe
Viburnum molle....Soft-leaved
ALY GWAMOGU Gio c's tinrc ta ca este ec iran 4 ESHER wee cedibs sons cleans ;
Viburnum Opulus...High bush-cranberryBronze ........ are LOUIS e Garsre vero clor overeat ate
Viburnum
prunifolium ...... Black haw......... hed. . pte ees win MELE We, BE ane Cheese. a oneterens
Viburnum rufidulum Southern black haw.Red............. CACY Ee eam ten eI 2

X. NATIVE EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS

The following native evergreen trees and shrubs cannot be
grown successfully in the smoky atmosphere of manufactur-
ing cities, but removed from these conditions they constitute
a class of planting material which should be much more gen-
erally employed. Evergreens are particularly effective in
contrasts with deciduous plants and in winter when other
plants have shed their leaves. The larger-growing kinds form
effective shelters and windbreaks, and the shrubby smaller
forms are useful for foreground and foundation plantations.
They are very effective as shelter and nesting plantations for
our native birds.

Botanical name Common name Height Native habitat
*3 Juniperus communis..Juniper ...........4. 10-25’ ..Dry hills
3 Juniperus nana....... Low juniper <..ascs 6-18’ ..Dry ground
3 Juniperus Sabina..... Shrubby red cedar.... 2-4’ ..Banks and hillsides

3-8 Juniperus virginiana.. Red cedar............ 50-100’. . Dry rocky soil

110 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN
Botanical name Common name Height Native habitat
3-9 Pinus echinata....... Yellow pine.......... 50-100’ .. Rocky woods
3 Pinus ponderosa...... Western yellow pine. .100-150’. . Woods
3 Pinus resinosa........ ROG DING iis se eve ce 100-200’. . Woods
BS PMU TIGdG.060 0s 6% Pitch pine rere 40-80’ ..Rocky woods
3 Pinus Strobus........ White pine........... 50-100’... Woods
3 Pinus virginiana...... SOPUD YING: i savidece 50-100’... Woods
3 Tarts Méinor......ses American yew....... 3-6’ ..Dry woods
3 Thuja occidentalis....Arbor-vitae .......... 30-60’ ..Woods
3 Tsuga canadensis..... Hemlock ......seeeess 50-100’ .. Woods

*Key to soil conditions same as in List VIII.

NOTES

Dr. W. H. Chambers, formerly Rufus J. Lackland Fellow,
has accepted a position as Research Associate at the Barnard
Free Skin and Cancer Hospital.

The women attending the conventions of the National Asso-
ciation of Druggists and of the American Society for Munici-
pal Improvements visited the Garden recently.

Dr. George T. Moore, Director of the Garden, addressed the
Patrons-Teachers’ Association of the Sherman School, Octo-
ber 19, on ‘‘The Missouri Botanical Garden as a Neighbor-
hood Institution.”’

Dr. George W. Freiberg, formerly Rufus J. Lackland Fel-
low, now Bacterial Research Chemist at the Commercial Sol-
vents Corporation, Terre Haute, Indiana, spent a few days at
the Garden recently, consulting the library.

Recent visitors to the Garden include Mr. Barnard, in
charge of the research laboratories, American Bakers’ Asso-
ciation, Minneapolis, October 6. and Mr. L. W. Durrell, of
the Missouri Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Octo-
ber 12.

The following lectures have been delivered during the
month by Dr. Hermann von Schrenk, Pathologist to the Gar-
den: October 12, before the Garden Club of St. Louis, ‘‘ Pacific
Coast Trees ;’’ October 14, before the convention of the Ameri-
can Society for Municipal Improvements, ‘‘Recent Develop-
ments in Wood Block Paving;’’ and October 18, before the St.
Louis Academy of Science, ‘‘The Forest Resources of the
United States.’’

‘

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 111

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR SEPTEMBER, 1920

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:

Otel. MUMDEF~ Of>) VISIEOLS «6:55 co oe Seis cee oh w hale we . 19,170
PLANT ACCESSIONS:

Total number of plants and seeds received as gifts.... 119

Total number of packets of seeds received in exchange 2

Total number of plants received in exchange......... 67
LYrBRARY ACCESSIONS:

Total number of books and pamphlets bought........... 36

Total number of books and pamphlets donated.......... 332
HERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:

By Gift—
J. A. Drushel—Plants of Colorado and Texas........... 1

0
Dr. B. M. Duggar—Plants of Califormia................ 2
Dr. J. M. Greenman—Clitocybe ochropurpurea from St.
HOUIBACOMBGY MO ss sic: < < w1c.0'c.4 lore lerelele ai oie pice Sis eae 1
BE. D. Hallock—Cantharellus minor and Lactarius ful-
ginosus from Bt. Lowis.......essccseccs aie cis eieraas 2
Cc. J. Humphrey—Peniophora tabacina from Wisconsin 1
Dr. A. L. Kammerer—Ceanothus sp. from Colorado.... 1
F. P. McWhorter-—Fungi from Tennessee and Chicago.. 3
H. W. Peterson—Monotropa uniflora L. from Missouri. . 1

Dr. H. von Schrenk—Plants of California.............. 14
E. M. Wakefield—Fungi of England and Wales......... 24
Dr. S. M. Zeller- -Fungi of Oregon...........000. cocees 10

By Exchange—
Geo. L. Moxley—Plants of California................. 3
12

The Garden is open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas — week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
south from all intersecting lines.

ym

STAFF

OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

“

Director,

GHORGE T. MOORE.

BENJAMIN MINGE DuaaaR,

Physiologist in charge of Graduate Laboratory. |

HERMANN VON SOCHRENK,
Pathologist.

Epwarkp A. Burt,
Myoologist and{Librarian.

Jmss—e M. GREENMAN,
Curator of Herbarium.

JOANNE L. KARRER,
Resesrch Assistant.

KaTHerins H. LeIeu,
Secretary to the Director

New. C.” HoRNER,
Editor of Publications.

G. H. Prine,
Horticulturist.

, Joon NOYEs,

P. C, BRAWNER,
Painter.

Landscape Designor.

L. P. JENSEN,
Arboricuiturist.

Pavuut A. Kou,
Floriculturist.

W. F. Langan,
Engineer.

H. VALLENTINE,
Construction.

Mussour! BOTANICAL
GARDEN [BULLETIN

Vol. VIII NOVEMBER, 1920 No. 9

CONTENTS

Hats from Plants .. . < ai; Sale eee
Native Plants Suitable for the ‘Gaxdens of Mibsouri and .
Adicining States .>).5 230 6 Sea ee we eye AT
Notes... 4. Por ap eee at a eek Pag ee eae
Statistical Information BER AMER hey aes Pte ie Gove ne FO |

ST. LOUIS, MO.
4 1920

‘Published Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees

————
————

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

bad
ter.

ORIGINAL MEMBERS : WERE DESIGNATED IN MR ‘
AND THE BOARD SO CONSTITUTED, EXCLUSIVE OF THE
. BXONR ‘10 eaEERS,. Is SELF-PERPETUATING .

a President,
_ BDWARDS WHITAKER.

West | Vice-President, 7

DAVID SH es

Loox many Marrazws..

4 3

Wrnraat i. H. . Perrus,

Pump ror “Boxy.
é. Sake we! Somat
EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS

Groner Tr. ‘Moons,

» President of the Board ot so ee
it. Louis.

‘

~ DaNnet: Bs ‘Turree,
- Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri.

_CHaRrs A. Ror, Secretary.

SPECIMEN OF PANAMA-HAT PALM AT THE GARDEN,

FLOWER

STALK OF

PANAMA-HAT

PALM

Lod ‘OI

‘duyy

1

lf

ALVIg

>|

Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., November, 1920 No. 9

HATS FROM PLANTS

Of the many economic uses to which plants are put, one of
the oldest is the manufacture of hats. The fibers obtained
from the stem and leaves of many tropical and subtropical
grasses and palms lend themselves admirably for this pur-
pose, and primitive races long ago recognized the value of
such material for the making of hats as well as other articles
of clothing. Most of the plants which have been used for hat
making are included in the Garden collection, and those in the
following list marked with an asterisk may be found in either
the economic garden or among the exotic plants in the Garden
ereenhouses.

GRASSES

The order Gramineae, noteworthy for its many edible
products such as wheat, barley, rice, corn, sugar, ete., pos-
sesses many plants used in the manufacture of both hats and
paper.

*The sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) occurs both wild
and cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. Its
cultivation extended to Persia in the early Middle Ages and
was carried by the Arabs into Sicily, Cyprus, Spain and
Italy. The plant soon became widely known for its economic
products and by the sixteenth century had been introduced
into the New World. At the present time it is grown com-
mercially in the West Indies, Mauritius, British Guiana,
Cuba, Natal, Australia, Java, India, southern United States,
and the Philippines. In Europe it is successfully cultivated
only in Malaga, Spain. In Tahiti and the Islands of Samoa
the long slender leaves are used in making hats similar in
shape to the common stiff straw hats.

*The esparto grass (Stipa tenacissima) is a native of Spain,
Italy and northern Africa. It was used by the Romans for
cordage and is now employed in hat and paper making. In

113

114 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Italy and Portugal hats from this material are made with an
extremely large brim, the width of which equals the height of
the crown.

*The dog’s-tail grass (Cynosurus cristatus) is native of
Europe and naturalized in North America. It is one of the
short spike grasses incorporated in grass mixtures for lawns
and pastures. Straw made from the stem and leaves has been
braided and made into hats. In the earlier days hats of this
type were made in Northumberland, England, being worn by
the shepherds. The peasants of Wexford, Ireland, used this
grass either dyed or plain for mat and basket making.

*Uva grass (Gynerium saccharoides) is a native of the
tropics where it grows to a height of 40-80 feet. In Dominica
and the Rio Casiquiare the natives make hats by braiding and
sewing together the long thin split fibers of the leaves, these
hats being remarkable for their lightness. The flower stalks
have been employed by the Indians of the Rio Negro for mak-
ing the shafts of poisoned arrows used for spearing fish.

The tribe Hordeae which includes wheat, barley, rye, ete.,
furnishes the straw for making American and European hats.
Triticum tenax is used principally for hats worn by seamen.
The straw is extremely tough and when covered with a water-
resisting cloth makes a very durable head-covering. In China
and Japan hats are made from the wheat straw, Triticum
vulgare, the shape suggesting the steel helmets worn by the
American and English soldiers during the late war. The
prepared straw which is braided is exported in large quan-
tities to this country and Europe where it is eventually made
into hats. In Florence, Italy, Triticum vulgare var. aestivum
is a favorite hat material. In Portugal the hat-making
industry is given over to prisoners.

BAMBOO

*The giant bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea) is a native of
India where it grows to a height of 60 feet. The canes or
stems are split into long fibers and used by the natives in the
manufacture of hats. The seed is eaten by the poorer classes
as a substitute for rice or millet and is commonly ealled' by
them bamboo rice. The stems, which frequently measure 10
inches to one foot in diameter, are used as flower pots. For
this purpose the elongated stems are cut below the nodes, the
joint or node constituting the bottom of the pot. In Corea
the canes are split as fine as thread and used by the High
Mandarins for making sun blinds. In India the young succu-
lent shoots are prepared into delicate pickle. Two large speci-

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 115

men bamboo plants towering to a height of 40 feet form an
arch in the north end of the palm house at the entrance to
the fern house, the oldest cane measuring four inches in
diameter.

PALMS

*The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is widely spread over
southern Europe, northern Africa, and southeastern Asia,
where it grows to a height of from 40 to 80 feet. Apart from
the value of the fruits and fiber as food, the leaves are used
by the Bedouin women for making hats. The date palm is
cultivated in Bordighera exclusively for the leaves which are
used as a decoration in church festivals. For this purpose the
young growths are blanched by being tied together in bundles.

*The Chinese fan palm (Livistona chinensis) is also used for
decoration and may be seen in the Catholic churches on Palm
Sunday. The large fan-shaped leaves with the divided ends
are collected, the inner portion being made into fans and the
remaining portion blanched and used in festivals. The Garden
has frequently supplied young leaves of the fan palm for
Jewish festivals in this city when other sources of supply have
failed.

*Coir palm (Trachycarpus excelsa) is a native of China and
Japan. The dense fibers surrounding the leaves, as well as
the leaves themselves, are used by the Chinese and Japanese
in making hats. In shape these are entirely different from
those made of bamboo, having a short conical crown, with a
tassel made from the trunk fibers, and a very short, turned-up
brim.

*The Bermuda palm (Sabal Blackburniana) is a native of
the West Indies where it is commonly ealled the giant fan
palm. The leaves are stripped of the fibrous portion and made
into hats by the natives. The leaves are also used as shingles
on the native huts.

*The dwarf fan palm (Chamaerops humilis) is a native of
southern Europe where it rarely reaches a height of 20 feet.
In Sicily the leaves are finely split and made into hats. The
finished product is a rather rough, dirty yellow straw and
resembles in shape the old-fashioned shepherd’s hat of Eng-
land. In Arabia the fibers are split to a finer degree, the hat
presenting a smoother finish and also a lighter color.

The double cocoanut palm (Ledoicea sechellarum) is a
native of the Seychelles Islands where it attains a height of
from 50 to 100 feet. Before the discovery of these islands
the large twin nuts were occasionally found floating in the

116 MISSOURL BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Indian Ocean. In view of the mystery of their origin large
sums were frequently paid to sailors bringing them back as
curios. The leaves, which are semi-fan-shaped, are used by
the natives for hat-making and are exported to Europe in
large quantities for the same purpose.

The palmyra palm (Borassus flabelliformis) is a native of
tropical Africa and widely cultivated in India. The young
leaves are used as a vegetable in Africa and India, and in the
latter country the young leaves, or the cuticle, are collected
for making hats.

The raffia palm (Raphia Ruffia) is a valuable palm native
of Madagascar and cultivated in various parts of the tropics
for the fiber obtained from its leaves. This is obtained by
removing the cuticle or the superficial layer. The fiber is
exported in large quantities and used for various purposes,
such as mats, baskets, tying garden plants, ete. The natives
use the fibers from both the trunk and leaves for making hats.

*Silver thatch palm (Thrinax argentea) is a dwarf palm,
native of the West Indies where it grows to a height of 20 feet.
The leaves are fan-shaped, pure white on the under side. The
plants are grown in Cuba for the fiber stripped from the
leaves, this fiber being imported into the United States and
England in large quantities for making hats. Young plants
are grown by the florists as decorative house plants.

Unlike most palms, the malacea cane (Calamus Scipionum)
is a climber, often having stems 400 feet long encircling
trunks of trees. The stems, or so-called canes, are exported
in large quantities from Siak. They are used for making
walking sticks, umbrella staves and handles, and, to a great
extent in Europe, for handles of chimney sweepers’ brushes,
ete. In Manila the split canes are made into the well-known
Manila hats.

*The panama-hat palm (Carludovica palmata) is a stem-
less pseudo-palm indigenous to the shady deep forests of
Ecuador, Peru, ete. It is the most important species eco-
nomically of the Cyclanthaceae, as it furnishes the fiber for
the well-known panama hats. For this important industry
the leaves are gathered in the young state just before they
assume a green color. They are cut into narrow strips and
the stiff veins removed while still attached to the petiole or
leaf-stalk. They are then bleached by immersion successively
in boiling water, in water acidulated with lemon juice, and
finally in pure cold water. After this preparation the straw
is ready for being made into the well-known panama hats.
Hats of superior quality are said to be plaited from a single
leaf without a break.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 117

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF

XI.

MISSOURI AND ADJOINING STATES

NATIVE TREES ARRANGED ACCORDING TO FORM

OF OUTLINE

The following list is given as an aid to those who wish to
arrange the trees in their plantations according to form of
general outline. The letters preceding the names indicate the
general effect of the tree with mature leaves, D meaning dark,
M, medium, and L, light.

1. LARGE TREES OF SOMEWHAT FORMAL SHAPE
Botanical name Common name
SPECIMEN TREES
M Aesoulug Gaurd... .ccceccece Ohio buckeye
D Aesculus octandra............ Yellow buckeye
D ACCP KOTUNL panera ca ov Black sugar maple
Ly) ACCP TUBTUN as ec ics os eee Red maple
D A.COr: SACCROTWihawa ecds a. eat Sugar maple
D Celtis mississippiensis....... . Southern hackberry
L FQQUS QMNCTIOOUNL eave tess American heech
D Wravtnius -Mordacw anaes oss Black ash
D Frazinus pennsylwanica....... Red ash
L Fraxinus quadrangulata....... Blue ash
D Fracinus Utttdasc ea ee oo-0 se Green ash
D~ Liquidambar Styraciflua...... Sweet gum
LL JLiriodendron Tulipifera....... Tulip tree
ts Nyésa sylvgrica.. (coe ee Tupelo
D QUeTCUS COCOCINER. Gin. scscce ae Scarlet oak
D Quercus tmobricaria. mc. c.iin Shingle oak
TREES FOR MASS PLANTING
L ~Acer Drummondit ..2%.5 050.0% Drummond’s maple
L Carya aoa... 6.04 is ciseis noone Mocker nut
L Carya tllimoensts. 2... uccsecces Pecan
L OGTY0 “Old0TG.. So. c cane eis oe Pignut
li Carya: lactttosd..o. sae eee Big shell-bark
L Carya ovata..................,Shell-bark hickory
L Diospyros virginiana.......... Persimmon
L Gleditsia aquatica............ Swamp locust
D Juglans CIMETed.......ssc0r - Butternut
2. Populus GlbG. .6 ves 6 digas eel Silver poplar
M Quercus Minor... ok ines eee Post oak
D Quercus velutinad.........ceced Quercitron
L Robinia Pseudacacia.......... Common locust
M Sassafras officinalis... 64 aves Sassafras
D Pita, NEtevopnyuads « vixc coaater White basswood
D THUG -DUDESCONS 2.0506 cet Southern basswood

118

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

2. SMALL TREES OF SOMEWHAT FORMAL SHAPE

Botanical name Common name

SPECIMEN TREES

L Carpinus caroliniana.......... American hornbeam —
D Cercts canadensis, .....cceseae Redbud
D Crataegus cordata.......ccsees Washington thorn
L Crataegus macracantha........ Long-spined thorn
L - Crataegus punctata........... Large-fruited thorn
D Oxydendron arbored........... Sorrel tree
D. PUAMCTA GqUALICR. 0. ccc crccuns Planer tree
ED PRUNUG GHCTICONG. 0.0608 oa cc 0 Wild red plum
TREES FOR MASS PLANTING
L Amelanchier canadensis....... Juneberry
BD - AGtnbid: BTMO0Gs. 6.6 iv cae oo weed Papaw
L Bumetlia lycioides........00.0% Southern buckthorn
Ty, “COPNUS TIONING. iscsi cece Flowering dogwood
D Crataegus Crus-galli........... Cockspur thorn
D Prunus pennsylvanica....... .. Wild red cherry
M Pyrus angustifolia........cees: Narrow-leaved crab-apple
MM. ~ PUPAE: COPOWOTEE «ooo ic ee cs bare a American crab-apple
WE PUPS HOCNEIS cw cc cece ceeeee Western crab-apple
Ty TEAS COTIMOVIOS . ov ce estas American smoke-tree
M Rovtntd viscosd.....ccccseer ..Clammy locust
D> | Vtbernwe: LEntago .05 00 ce cess Nanny-berry
3. LARGE GRACEFUL TREES
Botanical name _ Common name
TREES FOR MASS PLANTING
i). - I a TO i NS oc re te Black sweet birch
Tate, NEMA BALODUE oxo asics 4s0.0'9 500 08 vivieces Yellow birch
Te TROCUI RIOT Os osiicc sin ees cee esve River birch
Ty BetUS PANY ETA. oo ees Paper birch
M_ Betula populifolia............. American white birch
D Prunus serotind.........cecces Wild black cherry
ee OAD nc iis sissies k o's s'v ns we Black willow
D Wie GTO Se ec Se ETE Winged elm
D OUMws. GMNETICANA.. 2. ees evecs White elm
D CPS PUI as Ne esr betes eed ne Slippery elm
D UTRAS FACEMOSE. Cio ges ci ees Cork elm
4. LARGE, SPREADING, PICTURESQUE TREES
Botanical name Common name
SPECIMEN TREES
M Castanea GEntAt v6 605 cos uesas American chestnut
Ta, “CURR ASS TAN CIOTIC, . ciccccc cee: Yellow-wood

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 119

Common name Botanical name
L Platanus occidentalis.......... Sycamore
L Quercus acuminata............ Chinquapin oak
Is Quercue Gl0G., cecccc ccc eceas White oak
L Quercus MACTOCOTDG........6-: Bur oak
L Quercus platanoides........... Swamp white oak
TREES FOR MASS PLANTING
L AICCEON COMIMLO Sais einer cries cia fare Box elder
L Catalpa bignonioides........... Indian bean
Ty ) COUGIDU SDECIOSOaa ss veel eres vee Large Indian bean
D Celtis occidentalis...... 2.0.26 Hackberry
D Gleditsia triacanthos.......... Honey locust
D Gymnocladus canadensis...... Kentucky coffee tree
M Juglans nigra........ccccccees Black walnut
L Populus dettotdés... 2.2.00 ccc Cottonwood
L Populus tremiutoides.........0. American aspen
D QuerTCUs DATUSTTITS «foe ccc et Pin oak
D Quercus Phellos.........0.e00. Willow oak
M T4l4d' GIN CTICONG Gis cen ects e4i American linden
5. SMALL, SPREADING, PICTURESQUE TREES
Botanical name Common name
Li © Crataegus Cocoinea.. . o..0 scenes: Red haw
Te OT GEREGUS MOUS ic cas ccc a.0es Red-fruited thorn
L Hatlesia tetrantera. 4:c<.. ox6 sss Silver bell
L Magnolia glauca..............: Sweet bay
Li (“Morus 7uorass coo aot cee Red mulberry
D Sapindus marginatus.......... Soapberry
6. LARGE, CONICAL TREES
Botanical name Common name
M Taxodium distichum.......... Bald cypress
M Magnolia acuminata........... Cucumber tree
M Magnolia tripetala............ Umbrella tree

XII. TREES FOR STREET AND AVENUE PLANTING

Botanical name Common name

STREET TREES FOR SMOKY CITY CONDITIONS

Acer SACCRATINUM.. 6 ccc ce sede Soft or silver maple
Fraxvinus americand........+.. White ash

Fravinus virtdts... ccc ccccoe es Green ash

Gleditsia triacanthos......... Honey locust
Platanus occidentalis.......... Sycamore

PODUINS COUDGES <<. .cns<ea pe Cottonwood

120 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Common name Botanical name

STREET AND AVENUE TREES FOR SECTIONS NOT AFFECTED
BY SMOKE

The above and

PO ee ae Red maple
Catalpa speciOsa...........05. Large Indian bean
Celtis occidentalis............. Hackberry
Liquidambar Styraciflua....... Sweet gum
Liriodendron tulipifera........ Tulip tree
PYUNUS SETOTING.. 2.2... cceceee Wild black cherry
ge 2 eo White oak
Quercus COCCINEE.........0000. Scarlet oak
Quercus imbricaria............ Shingle oak
QuerouUs DAWUBIIIS. «00... oes ee es Pin oak
QUCFOUS TUOTE Ko cece ween Red oak
Tilia AMETICANG... cc ecevvcees American linden
OUNUS AMETICANA.... 2. 0cecene: White elm
NOTES

Dr. C. A. Weatherby, of Hartford, Connecticut, spent a day
in the herbarium recently.

Dr. B. M. Duggar, Physiologist to the Garden, spoke before
the Town and Gown, October 15, on ‘‘The Japanese Problem
in California,’’ and before the St. Louis Florists’ Club, Novem-
ber 3, on ‘‘Mushrooms, Native and Cultivated.”’

Dr. Hermann von Schrenk, Pathologist to the Garden, ad-
dressed the American section of the Society Chemical Indus-
try, at the Chemists’ Club, New York, November 12, on ‘‘The
Preservative Treatment of Wood, Its Broader Aspects and
Some of Its Technical Phases.’’

Recent visitors to the Garden include Dr. Keita Shibata,
Professor of Botany, Tokyo Imperial University, Tokyo,
Japan, October 26; Mr. David G. Fairchild, Agricultural Ex-
plorer in charge of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction,
Bureau of Plant Industry, U. 8. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C., November 13; Dr. Bohumel Shimek, of
Iowa State University, lowa City, lowa, November 11-13.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 121

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR OCTOBER, 1920

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:

Total, NUMpeSr: OF WASILODS. ..30.5 cc ccs elas oe Calon ose cess 19,658
PLANT ACCESSIONS:

Total number of plants received as gifts............... 4

Total number of plants received in exchange........... 28
PLANT DISTRIBUTION:

Plants distributed in exchange...............cccc0eees 5
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS:

Total number of books and pamphlets bought.......... 44

Total number of books and pamphlets donated......... 186

HERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:
By Purchase—

Miss Marie Gocker—Plants of Cameroun, West Africa.. 63
By Gift—
W. K. Bixby—Rhytisma acerinum from Lake George,
Nei Niows iets ere ete lete ate Clete nuts ister tee Re re 1
T. S. Brandegee—Plants of Mexico................e0ees 2

Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C—Duplicates

of fungi from the Langlois Herbarium............ 53
Carlos E. Chardon—Fungi of Ithaca, N. Y., and Porto

RIC coche ee een lhe oes Sass ci ICE ak he wate oS 10
Mrs. Sarah Cotton—Cultivated specimen of Paulownia

LOMMENTORE SECU a civ accre do cccis'e' alco 3 ass W elotone 4 bei zt
Mrs. Dickerson—Martynia lwisiana Mill................ 2
J. A. Drushel—Plants of the United States............. 27
F. P. McWhorter—Fungi from various localities.........
Prof. L. H. Pammel—Cultivated specimen of Ampelopsis

dissecta Carr. from Burlington, Iowa.............. 1
Charles E. Prunty—Abutilon Theophrasti Medic. from

IM ISSOUPD ces ereetenas surety oa sa rele nis aiPvelttas calc Ateie wrete z
Dr. H. von Schrenk—Lentinus lepideus from Montana.. 1
J. N. Watson—Pholiota destruens from St. Louis, Mo.... 1
J. R. Winston—Corticium, parasitic on Citrus......... 1

By Exchange—
New York Botanical Garden—Specimens of the Borag-
inaceae, collected by Dr. F. W. Pennell in Colombia
and in eastern United States..............c cee ees 58

The Garden is open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas— week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
south from all intersecting lines.

STAFF

OF THE MISSOURI BOTAN ICAL GARDEN

Director,

GEORGE T. MOORE.

BENJAMIN MINGE DucearR,

Physiologist in charge of Graduate Ldhorutory:

HERMANN VON SCHRENK, ,
Pathologist.

Epwarp A. Burt,
-. Mycologist and Librarian.

P. C. BRAWNER,
* Painter,

NeLL C.. Horner,

Jesse M. GREENMAN, ;

Curator of Herbarium.

JOANNE L. KARRER,
Research Assistant. -

KATHERINE H. LrreH,
Secretary to the Director.

Editor of Publications.

G. H. Prine,

Horticulturist “

JOHN NoYEs,
Landscape Designer.

L. P. JENSEN,
Arboriculturist.

PAuL.A. Kout,

Floriculturist.

WF.

LANGAN,

Engineer.

H. VALLENTINE,
Construction :

Missourt BOTANICAL.
GARDEN BULLETIN

Vol. VIII _ DECEMBER, 1920 - No. 10

LE re
CONTENTS
/ Page
An Early Appreciation of Henry Shaw by the St. Louis
“Gharmber of Cornmerte. 6° 5 he es Se ee aS
The American Holly for St: Louis. . . 2. ©. 2... 6125
Chrysanthemum Show for 1920. . . 126

Native Plants Suitable for the. Geren, of Missouti end
Adjoming States 6s MOA is ee eee CLAD
OER su Sra ow ee EF NOW LA aM ee oe
Statistical . 2. 2. Rak om Seles ee NRRTSD Bs 9 |
Index to Illustrations of Volunie Vu Ee Re ee ae ES
General Index to Volume VITI: ... 2. . 3. ws 135

ST. LOUIS, MO.
1920

Published Monthly Except July and August by the Board of Trustees

—

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE .
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR SINGLE COPIES TEN CENTS

“ators sway “BOARD OF ‘TRUSTEES Ge. Saiiegs
a OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

THE Otialivak, MEMBERS “WERE DESIGNATED IN MR. See wi
AND THE BOARD SO CONSTITUTED, EXCLUSIVE OF THE
oo salen MEMBERS, Is | SELF-PERPETUATING

EDWARDS WHITAKER.
Bien Vice-President, ;
DAVID S. H. SMITH.

LeowAxp MarrmEws.

| Wanutanc HH Peares.,

‘Pam C. . Seana.

ae

era : ‘ ; . i."
are, at MataaNosxoon, CON Seca Meta

EX-OFFICIO. seat
Groner T.. Moone,

President of The Academy of Scienon of
St. Louis. .

EL, “hie WY, ay oi, eg apese
set Se Sty fC Lon. aay Oe tee en Renn

Danret S. Turme,
_ Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri.

_ CHARLES A. Rox, Secretary.

ri

Mo, Bor. Garp. BuLu., Vou. 8. 1920. PLATE 15

SILL LEE” IP

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——

Ch C MEMBERS OF THE MERCHANT:
: trial classes of the City of St. Louis, realizing the great and te
= % deen it a duly to express in a formal and public manter their «
SS, in the HALL OF THE EXCHANGE, December [9th, 1878, .
NS (Mesvilwen,./hai in the creation of TEA GROVE PARK, by the donation to ‘the@ury of the valua s
Weilands composing it,in the recent gift of the magnificent bronze statues of SHAKESPEARE and souneyy%
with their pedestals and relievos for the adornment of same, and in the establishment of the Missoun! BO
TANIGAL GARDENS with Py Conservaronses and the most remarkable collection in this country
the flora of all climes, Ma. Snaw has materially aided the reputation and growth of $ r. mag oarodovcn te ;
same time created delightful and permanent: pleasure-resorts for our crtrzens, in wh woh the ee of ber
ture and art ts combined for the advancement of that general taste and culture without which there 13
enusne crvilizati rm i j ri
* Baton That in the devotion of a private fortune, acquired during an eT ae
career in this ciry to the benefit of the public and the admirable made selected to ah | out is ier %
designs by which the pleasure and profit of all citizens are permanently secured together wrt ie a
ment of the ciry and the creation of those features of local interest which are always impor pre rs of his
civic progress, Ma. Suaw has made himself the BEMEFACTOR « oon PEOPLE, reflected honor ont 7 a of al!
home, endeared his name to its present and future population and ts entitled tothe earnest grat
classe an Pe C "
hi Stat os merchants and business men of the crrv of Sv. Lows, 0 sence
cumbent upon us, and we esteem i a most pleasant duty to acknowledge the benefits a ap Ati “i ee
and its citizens by one so long and intimately vdeniified w ith the mercantile interests vs had oe
hough now retired from active business, he worthily represents the sprit and liberality which 8 ™ . :
acterize the merchants of a metropolis representative of western coviization, and throughout a ust fu -—
industrious career has evinced an acitue interest in the growth of the trv which he has greatly ;
St ts peculiarly gratifying to the members of this ExcHAanoe thai a citizen who 18 among the asl foe’ er:
merchants should have achieved the ustrious distinction of BENEFITTING Alt CLASSES OF THEPEOPLE Te ng }
nishing an impressive aramiple of individual honor and rectitude linked with the most exalted and phi.
ann caulvra, -Shat the members of the Mercvants EXCHANGE U7 view of the facts herein stated, and,’
in accordance with the universal sentiment of the people of $T. Lous, hereby tender to WENRY SHAW heir dy
and heartfelt acknowledgement and thanks for his public spirit and noble generosity. We oe oo ‘ id vs sal
words of grasitude and respect 1s now appropriate or possible, but their significance ws not Amite - - ” {
ont time so long as his gifts to the CITY endure and there are people lo een, them, fis name wr : aa ‘
crated in the public heart and his memory will bloom in the beauties of the park and gardens whic y
created for the enzo - a ond Hat when wwitably engrossed, 3
fs casi t.ho nltapaton yar shan b eons en eee Same de designated by the President, wel
formally present them to 2, SHAW .

do order and

P

Ah y /> ft. Edt lB ~
pa? 5a ge ad
« OS Cesta oe ti C' Cmn alte
Po ‘ ,
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fol 0 fadtaW? CF Cf

Cy eiaiacinie. a
oKafow yy 00 WR: MEK a
Raker ham ,

REPRODUCTION OF TESTIMONIAL TO HENRY SHAW BY THE MERCHANTS
EXCHANGE OF ST. LOUIS.

Missouri Botanical

Garden Bulletin

Vol. VIII St. Louis, Mo., December, 1920 No. 10

AN EARLY APPRECIATION OF HENRY SHAW BY
THE ST. LOUIS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

The following quotation from the Fourth Annual Report
of the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce, for the year 1859, is
of considerable interest from an historical standpoint, since it
shows how definitely, even at this early date, Mr. Shaw had
formulated the scope and activities of the Missouri Botanical
Garden. Twenty years later, the Merchants Exchange of
St. Louis, in a meeting assembled in the hall of the Exchange,
adopted a set of resolutions in which they attempted to express
their respect and gratitude to Mr. Shaw for his donation of
Tower Grove Park, with its bronze statues, as well as for the
_ establishment of the Missouri Botanical Garden. This testi-
monial, originally printed on satin, is reproduced on the oppo-
site page (plate 15).

‘Ag Economic Botany cannot but be peculiarly interesting
to the people of this city and state, whose commerce is com-
posed, to a great extent, of vegetable productions, it will be
considered appropriate to refer in this report to a munificent
bestowment to the city by MR. HENRY SHAW of a Botanic
Garden, with all the appliances and endowments requisite to
render such an enterprise efficient and permanent—the equal
if not the superior of any similar establishment in the United
States. The land which he intends to donate for the purpose
lies only three and a half miles from the Court House, and
comprises six hundred acres. At one point fifteen acres front
on Grand Avenue, the boundary line of the city on the west,
from which fact some idea may be formed of the value of the
tract. The total of the gift may be safely estimated at one
million dollars. For several years past the work has been
steadily progressing, and at this time shows such a near finish,
as fully to develop the liberal and enlightened design of the
donor. The work of the year just closed was the erection of
a Museum and Library, of fine architectural design and work-
manship, at a cost of $20,000. The garden proper, with an

(123)

124 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

area of ten acres (which is ample for the purposes intended)
is surrounded by a wall of the best masonry, the main entrance
to which is by a gate of beautiful design and massive con-
struction. The whole of this area is thoroughly underdrained
at a heavy expense. Leading from the gate through the lands
of the donation, will be a broad avenue (already designated
as Floral Avenue) one mile in extent and sixty feet in width,
lined on either side with ornamental trees, which will prove,
no doubt, one of the most attractive thoroughfares in or near
the city. The gateway includes rooms for the keeper, and
retiring rooms for visitors. The conservatory in the garden
is already finished, and combines all requisite advantages,
such only as a cultivated judgment and taste, assisted by rare
opportunities of observation in other countries, could have
planned or suggested.

‘‘During the present year it is the intention of Mr. Shaw
to erect a row of plant houses near the middle of the garden,
which will constitute an additional feature of great beauty.
The central one of these will be eighty by forty feet in dimen-
sions, to be termed the Pavilion, constructed of glass and
iron columns upon stone arches, after a good style. Adjoin-
ing the garden on the north, and connected with it by two
arched openings, is the Fruticetum. Six acres, well enclosed
and trenched, are dedicated to the improvement and propaga-
tion of such fruits as best suit the climate of Missouri. West
of the Garden the Arboretum is located, containing twenty-
five acres, and here the stately and beautiful trees of our own
forests, as well as those of other lands adapted to éhe climate,
are intended to find a place. Already several fine specimens
from California, Europe, Asia, and Africa have been planted,
and are flourishing finely. The walks throughout are laid of
the best material for the purpose. The present elegant resi-
dence, known as Tower Grove, will be reserved for the
Curator, and for the meetings of the Trustees, to whom the
entire charge of the Garden will be ultimately entrusted. The
Curator will be a man of highly scientific and practical ability,
thoroughly versed in all that pertains to the science and art
of Botany and Horticulture.

‘Fifty acres, it will be observed, are thus occupied. The
great body of the land, comprising some 500 acres, will be
leased in small tracts, the rents from which will afford a large
revenue for the support of the institution. Lying contiguous
to the city, this land will be eagerly sought for gardening
purposes, and furnished with comfortable and tasty cottages
(ten of which have already been erected), we presume the

Mo. Bor. GARD. BULL., VoL. 8, 1920. PLATE 16.

AMERICAN HOLLY TREE AT THE GARDEN.

19
|

5)
O

CHRYSANTHEMUM

SHOW

FROM

BALCONY

OF

FLORAL

DISPLAY

HOUSE.

8

“OS6L

aALWIg

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 125

rents will prove amply sufficient for the object, even on the
liberal scale projected. The monuments of the liberality of
individual citizens are numerous in our midst—they are dedi-
cated to moral, educational, benevolent, and artistic purposes,
and not only beautify, enrich, and ennoble the city, but ex-
hibit an attachment to her interests and a pride in her pros-
perity that insure the fulfillment of the great destiny to
which her past and present progress points.’’

THE AMERICAN HOLLY FOR ST. LOUIS

Of the many evergreens that dominated the Garden flora
of former days, the holly is the only representative genus
that has withstood the smoky atmosphere of St. Louis. The
main garden still retains the original groups and individual
specimens planted by Mr. Shaw, and while the foliage and
berries are darker than plants grown in the country, due to
discoloration by smoke, the trees are in a remarkably healthy
condition. For a city evergreen the holly is therefore recom-
mended above all other evergreens on account of its smoke-
resisting quality (see plate 16, also plate 1 in January, 1920,
BULLETIN ).

The American holly, Ilex opaca, is a slow-growing plant
found in varied kinds of soil. In the Northern and Southern
states the largest specimens are found in poor, sandy loam.
In the woods of Massachusetts they are abundant on southern
slopes densely covered with deciduous trees, the low branches
of which protect the hollies from exposure. In the South
the plants are stronger and mature into specimen trees much
quicker than in the North, and it is from this source that
the Christmas supply of holly is generally obtained.

When selecting hollies for planting in the garden the fact
should be borne in mind that they are generally dioecious in
habit, that is, the sexes are on separate trees. It is therefore
necessary that the male and female trees be planted close
together to allow pollination by action of either wind or in-
sects, otherwise there will be an absence of the ornamental
berries. As hollies are slow-growing trees, large specimens
should be obtained if immediate effect is desired. These sub-
ject themselves readily to transplanting providing a few
precautions are followed. The best time to remove them is in
the fall just before the ripening of the wood, or in the spring
just before the appearance of the new wood, the latter perhaps,
being the best owing to the lateness of our falls. The essen-
tial factor at the time of transplanting is the defoliation, and
fully two-thirds of the leaves should be removed to reduce

126 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

transpiration. The many fibrous roots will allow a large ball
to be dug commensurate to the size of the plant removed (see
December, 1917, number of the BULLETIN).

The English and the American holly are very similar. Both
have spiny leaves, but the English holly, Ilex aquifolium, has
deeper spaces between the spines and is a denser-leaved speci-
men. Prior to the government restriction of importing plants
with soil attached, the English variety was imported by the
thousands in the form of potted plants and sold by the florists
during the Christmas season.

No other plant, except the mistletoe, is so much associated
with Christmas as the holly. The Druids gave the holly a
place of honor in their Yuletide ceremonies, but even ante-
dating the Christmas day of England the holly was used in
festivities to denote the turning of the sun. The bright red
berries make their appearance in September and often persist
until March or April. The brilliant fruit in contrast with the
dark green foliage makes the plant an effective floral
decoration.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW FOR 1920

Due to the favorable weather for keeping flowers the an-
nual chrysanthemum show was maintained for six
weeks in 1920. The exhibition included two thousand bush
plants in variety of color and size ranging from the original
single-flowered yellow C. indicum to the large double-flowered
white ‘‘Josephine Foley.’’ The single-stemmed types termi-
nating in mop-like blooms measuring 10-12 inches in diameter
numbered over 1800 plants. The ‘‘Turner’’ type, a light yel-
low variety, dominated the show by being concentrated in a
single central bed. On account of their incurved petals and
their cream color they were much admired, especially by
the feminine visitors who referred to them as ‘‘cream puff’’
chrysanthemums. In contrast to this type was the tiny yel-
low pompon called ‘‘Baby,’’ with flowers half an inch in
diameter.

Among the novelties was a collection of Japanese freak
chrysanthemums shown for the first time in St. Louis. The
most striking of these was ‘‘Tachibana,’’ a large spider-like
flower with yellow thread, or filiform, pendant petals. A
large grafted plant was exhibited showing twelve distinct
varieties of flowers upon a single plant. For this experiment
the shoots were detached in the early stage, about June, and
then grafted upon the parent plant. Another new feature
of the 1920 show was the introduction of hanging baskets.
These specimens were suspended from the roof overhanging

JAPANESE ODDITIES AT CHRYSANTHEMUM

SHOW

SUNDAY CROWD AT CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW.

ALWIq

‘61

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ive

the walks and added a finish to the display which it has not
heretofore been possible to obtain. For this manner of cul-
tivation the varieties with pendant growth were selected, those
best adapted being ‘‘ Anna,’’ a single white, ‘‘Cosmos,’’ single
pink, and a single yellow somewhat suggesting C. indicum.
The plants were grown in the baskets from the cutting, or
early rooting, stage, in April, to the flowering period.

The largest November attendance, excluding the World’s
Fair period, was recorded while this show was on, the total
for the month being over 93,000. The maximum Sunday at-
tendanee was recorded on November 21, when 18,000 people
passed through the floral display house between 1 and 5
P. M. The line of visitors was continuous from the flower
house to the east end of the rose garden.

The show was discontinued November 30, and the flowers
were distributed to the hospitals through the Book and Flower
Guild. The total number of flowers given away amounted to
over 40,000. Over twenty-five local hospitals received flowers,
the City Hospital receiving the maximum of 7,000.

NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE GARDENS OF
MISSOURI AND ADJOINING STATES
XIII. NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS FOR UNFAVORABLE AND
SMOKY CITY CONDITIONS

The smoky atmosphere of manufacturing cities, such as St.
Louis, is very injurious to trees and shrubs. Many species
will not stand these conditions at all, particularly the conifers
and other evergreen plants which do not discard their leaves
annually.

Among the conifers the pines will survive longer
than others, and among the _ broad-leaved evergreen
trees, the holly, Zlex opaca, will grow quite well in moderately
smoky conditions. Conifers are, however, not recommended
to be planted extensively in manufacturing cities where bitu-
minous coal is used as fuel. Fortunately some deciduous trees
and shrubs will thrive in a smoky atmosphere, as indicated by
the following list of native material:

TREES
Botanical name Common name
1. POOR SOIL AND VERY SMOKY
ATMOSPHERE

MOCTUTO DOMATETC. «ows im ots se we le Osage orange
MOTE PUOTO.iic cc 54s:teo saley ne welwc aw ene Red mulberry
PMGNUS OCCICERCAIS 66 6 caicci swe sia Buttonwood
WIOIULILG. CEILOIGES §. 6055:5%s cis Wiareve'e ohio 37 Cottonwood

Robinia Pseudacacia........ccccecees Black locust

128 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Botanical name Common name

2. MEDIUM CONDITIONS

ACEP SACCRATINUWMN. ....cccccccccccccs -Soft or sugar maple
Catalpa bignonioides............0000- Indian bean
Oatalpa: spectosa.........600%. re . Western catalpa
Fravinus AMETICANG.....ccccccccccees American or white ash
Gleditsia triacanthos............+.. -Honey locust
GyMnocladus CANAMENSIS........ eens Kentucky coffee tree
Liquidambar Styraciflua..........0058. Sweet gum
Liriodendron Tulipifera.............. Tulip tree

Poputus tremutlotdes.......cccececscae American aspen
ME I 5g. 5s n'y onic ko tain ee. 490.8 8 . Willows

UlMNUS AMETICUNG.... 2.6. .cceece .....--American elm

Rh OL ae eae Slippery elm

NP PNIARE MIDULIARS 4c d'nia:c vse-Pne woe tek v eee Winged elm

3. MOST FAVORABLE CONDITIONS OF
SMOKY CITY

BOCES BUCONGVUM ici os aces we ecsacscet Sugar maple
MPCLUIG DADUTUSET. crac cccccrescccrece American white birch
PIE MOT vid). 5.5.6 enieis.c's-61s bo bs boo 08 River birch
Celtis occidentalis.........cese0. oo ee ekeackberry
OCercts canadensis... .......ccuscscese Red-bud
Ohionanthus virginiod.......ccccccece White fringe tree
ROU MUS STIOVIGDs cc cc eck ccc ecb ewes . Flowering dogwood
MGQnOUG ACUMINALA. .6..cccerenaccces Cucumber tree
Magnotla Qlaucd. ......cccenceses ....5weet bay
MGOMONG EPIMETAIG...... 6. cece cecccccs Umbrella tree
PUTUS ONLETICANG. 0. ccc ccc ccetecs ....-American crab-apple
EMTS? COOTER ss oss cae ec sage ob es ne vee Western crab-apple
OE OL) Sa a ea a re ....-White oak
Quercus mMacrocarpa..........6. paraarans Bur oak
EPUCEVOME WHEL GTIAS. 665. etc nce essen Pin oak
PUUUT CULE PUMOTC occ vag ossic ae cs wees Red oak
PI GMNECVICUIAL. occ ive coc c ewes cesce's Basswood
SHRUBS
Botanical name Common name

1. VERY SMOKY CONDITIONS

PEMUOTDID THUTECOSE: occ coc dctcasivcees False indigo

Utd “ORION es rcs sek ata wae cee Hercules’ club

OT MUR: “STOLOTATOTO, <ics. cc akd oeui views Red Osier dogwood

Lycium vulgare....... a ety a Matrimony vine
Philadelphus coronarius........000005 Mock orange

Philadelphus grandiflorus............ Large-flowering mock orange
Philadelphus inodorus...........00005 Scentless mock orange
Physocarpus opulifolius.............. Ninebark

PRA ODT 8s o's s's'c-0'e ao os $00 oo vos 6:0’ 0 Smooth sumac

Bambucus Canadensis........cccseoes Elder

Viburnum Opulus......cccccccccuce ..-High-bush eranberry

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 129

Botanical name Common name

2. LESS SMOKY CITY CONDITIONS

Baccharis halimifolia..........cceeeee Groundsel bush
Calycanthwus florvidus...ccccccccccsees Strawberry bush
Cephalanthus occidentalis........-... Button-bush

Cornus alternifolia.......ccccccece ...Alternate-leaved dogwood
COrnus AMOMUN (66a calcce cies cvicee ce Silky cornel

COTTUS DONACWIOLAT pewisievasrs ce sete ees Gray cornel

Halesia terrvapigrd wncccelce ss cceese se 60's Silver-bell

ICHALS ICODGUANG sick ca nies st ca cect ees Dwarf sumac

NUS TYUDNANG oo odaes es eie «caw olen ea se Staghorn sumac
FOO TAS DtIG, 2.25.5 « ocie a slals oeisie's avers Rose acacia

PREG SCLSO ET G10. 1c sie isialantieciitee che cess ee Prairie rose

Spiraea salicifolia var. alba.......... Willow-leaved spiraea
Spiraea Dowuglastt......ccccccccccsecs Douglas’ spiraea

XIV. NATIVE PLANTS FOR GROUND COVERS

Low, compact plants which will spread sufficiently to cover
the ground are often useful in the planting of gardens. This
class of planting material is extensively used in the Eastern
states to cover embankments, terraces, bare edges of shrubbery
plantations, thereby connecting them with the lawn, and un-
der deep-rooting trees in place of grass. The species adapted
for this purpose, when we exclude exotic materials, are not
numerous but sufficient for a variety of uses. Two species,
Lysimachia Nummularia and Vinca minor, are not native but
are so generally found escaped from cultivation that they may
almost be regarded as indigenous. Clay loam is the preferred
soil condition for plants of this type.

Approx.
Common Approx. Color of :
Botanical name nanié height. flowers voedeg Remarks
oom
Achillea Millefolium.Yarrow ...... 1-3’ ..White....June-Oct.. If closely cut
Achillea Mille- forms dense mat.
folium rubrum..... Yarrow o.ccs 13) cscs ee June-Oct.. If closely cut
Achillea Mille- forms dense mat.
folium roseum..... Yarrow ..c.6. 1-3’ ..Purple....June-Oct...If closely cut
Convallaria majalis. ..Lily-of-the- forms dense mat.
valley ..... 6-8” ..White.... April-May Foliage dies early.
Lysimachia
Nummularia ...... Moneywort ..2-4” ..Yellow...June-Aug..Much used on
Malwa rotundifolia...Dwarf terraces.
mallow 6.268". WB e sce: <re PMISEV ni SV pipe e's Uptataeaie le cle cranaterete
Potentilla canadensis.Five-finger ......... Yellow....April-Aug. Prostrate, long
Sedum pulchellum...Widow’s runners.
CTORS) 15.0 a705 6-12”. .Rose-
DUE Dee Pe ULL 6 3's 5 5 9 oe he ss sleleete
Vinca minor......... Periwinkle ..4-6” ..Blue..... April-May.Used for grave

covers.

130 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Approx.
Botanical name ore oon ne ¢ oo rey of -Remarks
oom
IRC MPP UL. 6s xis.0 as 6 WHOLGU <laicees 6-12”..White.... April-May.Prefers a moist
Waldsteinia fregar- situation.
NON. 25 Sacek 6 bob a0 Barren straw-
berry ...Creeping..Yellow..,.May...... Prefers dry

shaded situations.

This concludes the series on ‘‘Native Plants Suitable for
Missouri and Adjoining States.’’ A series on ‘‘ Hardy Exotic
Plants for Missouri and Adjoining States,’’ is in preparation
for the 1921 issues of the BULLETIN.

NOTES

Mr. G. H. Pring, Horticulturist to the Garden, has been
elected president of the St. Louis Association of Gardeners.

No. 2-3 of Vol. VII of the Annals of the Missouri Botanicai
Garden containing the twelfth installment of the monograph
on ‘‘The Thelephoraceae of North America,’’ by Dr. E. A.
Burt, has recently been issued.

The October issue of Parks and Recreation contains two
articles by Mr. L. P. Jensen, Arboriculturist to the Garden,
one entitled ‘‘Public Parks as Bird Protectorates,’’ and the
other ‘‘The Influence of Parks on Civilization and Con-
servation of Plant Life.’’

Dr. George T. Moore, Director of the Garden, spoke before
Town and Gown, December 17, on ‘‘Some Old Herbals and
the Doctrine of Signatures.’? Some of the rare volumes of
herbals in the Garden’s unique collection were shown in con-
nection with the lecture.

Dr. B. M. Duggar, Physiologist to the Garden, gave an
illustrated lecture before the St. Louis Natural History
Museum Association at the Central Public Library, Decem-
ber 15, on ‘‘Native Mushrooms and Their Habitat,’’ and on
December 16, he spoke before the St. Louis Garden Club on
‘““ he History of a Mushroom Bed and Mushroom Produc-
tion.’’

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 131

STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR NOVEMBER, 1920

GARDEN ATTENDANCE:

TOCAIHTUIN OST OF VISLLOTB visit icicue con sales Sele letaiels «leo nis 93,389
PLANT ACCESSIONS:

Total number of plants and seeds received as gifts...... 5,137
PLANT DISTRIBUTION:

Plants distributed in exchange........cccccccccscccces 10
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS:

Total number of books and pamphlets bought.......... 29

Total number of books and pamphlets donated......... 174

HERBARIUM ACCESSIONS:
By Purchase—
Willard N. Clute—Plants of the Painted Desert, Arizona 108

W. S. Hammond—Private herbarium of the late BE. W.
Hammond, plants of Oregon, estimated at 700 speci-

TNEDS © dice els ooh SSE aR OO av avo aa bb Caldas 69 6 ol8'e 700
By Gift—
Ira W. Clokey—Specimens of Senecio from Colorado.... 2
Prof. W. C. Coker—Solenia pariaeformis from North
Carolinas acetic opines sb 6 ole e.c'e sink area sreie 1
F. P. McWhorter—Fungi about St. Louis.............- 9
Miss Margaret Montgomery—Callicarpa americana L.
from. Misstaaloniess cec5 cnc ees ccs ccsen ees cease ae al
Dr. F. L. Stevens—Fungi of Porto Rico, including co-
types of Li Specleaer ice ce ieee eae ais he 6 21
By Field Work—
E. B. Payson—Fungi of Wyoming and Idaho........... 9
851

The Garden is open to the public every day in the year, except New
Year’s, Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Christmas— week days from 8:00
A. M. until one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from December to April,
1:00 P. M. until sunset, from April to December, 2:00 P. M. until sunset.

The main entrance to the Garden is located at Tower Grove Avenue
and Flora Boulevard, on the Vandeventer Avenue car line. Transfer
,south from all intersecting lines.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 183

Index to Illustrations

Christmas tree for the birds of Shaw’s Garden, from the St. ima
Bird@ Club. cocwmmceai cme oile rile trereinrrneiepiees Gieiwitincs steretele ter 1
AItOPEUSUIMN oD. Fs. TOW «ae cice «vis ese inieierenire s ai9.6 yieie gs aisie/ers 23
OCLYLOSTOMGA CALLISTC TIONED ES i cnc c cbc we wider svccseve esses 51
Solandre nitida, bud and flower of..... 0... ccccecsccvecseccsve 52
Maneosteen, Metuiod Of INnAareninye Seca oe vies sooo sess sie6 ee 61
Mangosteen, the true, attached to Garcinia xanthochymus....... 61
51018; NOLL AACAde Of CHALEAU OL: <2... «ste jeele vies eee we ereyeiars 81
Chenonceaux—west parterre, watch tower, and chateau......... 82
Chenonceaux, avenue of plane trees at..........--ccccceccccces 83
Chenonceaux, east parterre of garden at.........c.cccccnccccece 84
Chenonceaux, looking north from watch tower at............... 85
Villandry, formal (‘Parden: Aves -ie ce cise sae oe eee cca cee e ee 86
POvGshia GCULEAEG << 2:.% os c10 s wisictarelate siete 6 sales 4.6 01sle 5 0'e 4 010.0 clieisia a'e 99
Giant mallow (Hibiscus Manihot). . . .cccsccccccccccccervscace 100
Panama-hat palm, specimen and flower stalk of................. 113
Henry Shaw, reproduction of testimonial to, by the Merchants
Exchange of St. Louis......... OO SOC es 0 COOTER 123
Holly tree, American, at the Garden” 2s. . 50 cae csecwssenesere 124
Chrysanthemum show, 1920, view of, from balcony of floral dis-
Mlgy NOUSG 655. i Viie ayerece pe sie ae eke Deere eeRie Ss 643 Goss ore aiais 12&
Japanese oddities at chrysanthemum show ..........e.eeeeeees 126

Sunday crowd at chrysanthemum show ..........seseeseeseoes 127

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

General Index

Figures in italics refer to page numbers of plates and cuts

A

Amboise, gardens at, 82

American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, St. Louis
meeting of, 6, 12

Annual bequests, 6

Annual report of the Director for
1919 (thirty-first annual re
port), 1

Aquaria and collection of fish, 4

Arctium Lappa, 28

Arnold Arboretum, Plants of the
Ohio River Valley, chiefly Illi-
nois, collected by E. J. Palmer, 21

Attendance, Garden, for 1919, 6

Azay-la-Rideau, gardens at, 84

B

Baker, C. F. “Fungi Malayana,”
Cent. VI, Nos. 501-600, 97

Bamboo, giant, 114

Bambusa arundinacea, 114

Bartholomew, E. “North American
Uredinales,’ Cent. XXII and
XXIII, Nos. 2101-2300, 48

Birds, list of, seen at Garden from
March 10—June 29, 78; Christmas
tree for, from the St. Louis Bird
Club, 1

Blois, gardens at, 82; north facade
of chateau of, 81

Borassus flabelliformis, 116

Brandegee, T. S. Plants of Mexico
collected by C. A. Purpus in 1919,
ok

Budding, method of, 61

Burdock, see Arctium Lappa

Bush, B. F. Plants of North and
South Carolina, 21

C

Calamus Scipionum, 116

Calliopsis radiata “Tiger Star,” 102

Carludovica palmata, 116

Cattleyas, 23

Celosia argentea, 102; Childsii, 102;
chrysanthefolia “Celosiamum,”
102

Chamaerops humilis, 115

Chamber of Commerce, St. Louis,
an early appreciation of Henry
Shaw by, 123

Chateau gardens, French, in post-
war period, 81

Chenonceaux, avenue of plane trees
at, 83; east parterre of garden at,
84; gardens at, 82; looking north
from watch tower at, 84; west
parterre, watch tower, and cha-
teau, 82

Chinon, chateau of, 85

Christmas tree for the birds of
Shaw’s Garden, from the St. Louis
Bird Club, 1

Chrysanthemum show for 1920, 126;
Japanese oddities at, 126; Sunday
crowd at, 127; view of, from bal-
cony of floral display house, 125

Chrysanthemum indicum, 126

Climbers, some tropical woody, in
the main conservatory, 51; na-
tive, 57

Clute, W. N. Plants of the Painted
Desert, Arizona, 131

Clytostoma callistegioides, 51, 51

Collecting native plants for the gar-
den, 33; directions for, 38; time
for, 34

Construction work during 1919, 3

Crab-grass, see Panicum sanguinale

Cynosurus cristatus, 114

D

Dahlias, 102

Dandelion, see Taraxacum officinale

Davis, Rev. John, Plants, mainly
from South Carolina, 21; Plants
of Michigan and Nebraska, 97

Delphinium Ajacis “Blue Gem,” 102

Dog’s-tail grass, see Cynosurus
cristatus

Dutton, D. Lewis, Plants of Ver-
mont, 60; Plants of Florida and
Vermont, 79

E

Elmer, A. D. E. Plants of the Phil-
ippine Islands, 21
Epiphyllum truncatum, 99

136

Esparto grass, see Stipa tenacissima

Evergreen trees and shrubs, na-
tive, 109

Evergreens: for smoky city condi-
tions, 127; removal of, to Linnean
house, 4

F

Ferns and plants of similar cul-
ture, hardy native, 91

Fertilizers used on lawns, 28

Floral displays, indoor, in 1919, 5

Flower show of the Garden Club
of St. Louis, 46

Fontainebleau, gardens at, 81

French chateau gardens in post-
war period, 81

G

Garcinia mangostana, 638;
thochymus, 62

Garden Club of St. Louis, flower
show of, 46

Gardeners, convention of National
Association of, 96

Gardening, School for, report of,
for 1919, 5

Gocker, Miss Marie, Plants of Cam-
eroun, West Africa, 121

Grafting, methods of, 61; the man-
gosteen by inarching, 61, 61

Grasses used in manufacture of
hats, 113

Ground covers, native plants for, 129

Gurney, James, 28

Gynerium saccharoides, 114

H

Hammond, W. S. Private herbarium
of the late E. W. Hammond,
plants of Oregon, estimated at
700 specimens, 131

Hassler, E. Plants of Paraguay, 21

Hats from plants, 113

Helianthus annuus “Prolific White,”
102

Heller, A. A. Plants of Oregon and
California, 31

Herbarium, Garden, report of, for
1919, 16; exchanges, 17; field
work during 1919, 17; mounting
and distribution of specimens,
17; new accessions, 16; statistical
summary, 18

Hibiscus coccineus, 103; Manihot,
100, 100, 103; Moscheutos, 103;
sinensis, 103

ran-

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

High, M. M. Plants of Texas, 68

Holly, the American, for St. Louis,
125; tree at Garden, 124

Holzinger, John M. ‘“Musci Acro-
carpi Boreali-Americani,” Fase.
XVI, Nos. 376-400, 97

I

Iberis amara coronaria “Improved
White Spiral Candytuft,” 103

Ilex aquifolium. 126; opaca, 125

Improvements at Garden during
1919, 2

Inarching, method of, 61, 61; oper-
ation on mangosteen, 62

Insects infecting orchids, 24

K

Kalenborn, A. S. Plants of the high
Andes of Peru, 31

Knolls, addition to plantations on, 4

Knowlton, C. H. Plants of New
England, 21

L

Langeais, gardens at, 84

Lawns, the treatment of, 25; cut-
ting, 27; dressing for, 28; eradi-
cation of weeds, 27; preparation
of ground for, 25; seeding of, 26;
sodding of, 27; watering of, 27

Lectures delivered by members of
staff during 1919, 7

Library, report of, for 1919, 18;
Garden publications as a means
of exchange, 19; loans of books,
19; statistical, 19

Linnean house, reconstruction of
the, 2

Livistona chinensis, 115

Lodoicea sechellarum, 115

Luxembourg, garden of the, 81

Luynes, gardens at, 83

M

Mallow, giant, see Hibiscus Manihot

Mangosteen, grafting the, by in-
arching, 61; the true, attached to
Garcinia xanthochymus, 62, 62

Mereschkovsky, C. ‘“Lichenes tici-
nenses exsiccati,’’ 48

N
Native plants: collecting, for the
garden, 33; needing protection,
34; suitable for the gardens of

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN

Missouri and adjoining states, I,
35; II, 52; III, 57; IV, 63; V, 69;
Vie 8h> Vil. 91; VIII, 1043 IX,
10a: 3% 109s Xa, 217: XII, 119:
MELT, 1273 SIV 129

Nut orchard, establishment of, at
Garden, 4

Nymphaea “Mrs. Edwards Whita-
ker,” awarding of gold medal for
creation of, 95

O

Orchids: from seed, 23; lady’s
slippers, 24; new hybrid raised at
Garden, 23, 24

P

Palm: Bermuda, 115; Chinese fan,
115; Coir, 115; date, 115; double
cocoanut, 115; dwarf fan, 115;
malacca cane, 116; palmyra, 116;
panama-hat, 116; raffia, 116; sil-
ver thatch, 116

Palms used in hat making, 115

Panama-hat palm, 116; flower stalk
of, 113; specimen of, at the Gar-
den, 1/3

Panicum sanguinale, 27

Papaver Rhoeas, 102, var.
stead Cream Pink,” 103

Paphiopedilum barbatum Crossii,
24; “D. S. Brown,” 28, 24% Har-
risianum, 24; villosum, 24

Peck, Prof. Morton E. Plants of
Oregon, 97

Perennials, native: for growing
with or among ferns, 92; for the
hardy border, 69; for natural and
wild gardens, 85

Pereskia aculeata, 99, 99, var. God-
seffiana, 99; Bleo, 99

Petunias, 103

Phaedranthus buccinatorius, 51

Pines, 127

Plantago Rugelii, 28

Plantain, see Plantago Rugelii

Propagating and growing houses,
construction of new, 2

Poppy, see Papaver Rhoeas

Publications and papers published
by staff and graduate students
during 1919, 10

R

Raphia Ruffia, 116
Research and instruction, report of
for 1919, 7

“Mun-

137

Rock gardens, native plants for, 35
Rufus J. Lackland fellowships, ap-
pointments to, for 1919, 9

Ss

Sabal Blackburniana, 115

Saccharum officinarum, 113

Salvia, 103

Seymour, F. C. Plants of Hampden
County, Massachusetts, 31

Shaw, Henry, an early appreciation
of, by St. Louis Chamber of Com-
merce, 123; reproduction of testi-
monial to, 123

Shrubs, native: evergreen, 109;
for mass planting, flowers in-
conspicuous, 104; for unfavorable
and smoky city conditions, 128;
with bright colored foliage in
autumn and conspicuous fruit and
bark in autumn and winter, 105;
with conspicuous flowers, 63

Smoky conditions: resistance of
holly to, 125; trees and shrubs
for, 127

Solandra grandiflora, 52; nitida, 52,
bud and flower of, 52

Statistical information for Decem-
ber, 1919, 21; January, 1920, 30;
February, 48; March, 60; April,
68; May, 79; June-August, 96;
September, 111; October, 121; No-
vember, 131

Stipa tenacissima, 113

Sugar cane, see Saccharum offi-
cinarum

Suksdorf, W. N. Plants of Wash-
ington, 48

4 i

Tarazracum. officinale, 28

Test garden, 3; list of plants grown
in, during summer of 1920, 100

Thrinaxz argentea, 116

Trachycarpus excelsa, 115

Trees, native: arranged according
to form of outline, 117; as a back-
ground for a fern garden, 94;
evergreen, 109; for unfavorable
and smoky city conditions, 127;
for street and avenue planting,
119; with bright-colored foliage
in autumn and conspicuous fruit
and bark in autumn and winter,
105; with conspicuous flowers, 63 °

Triticum tenaz, 114; vulgare, 114,
var. aestivum, 114

138

Tropical fruit house, 4

Tropical woody climbers in the
main conservatory, some, 51

Tuileries, garden of the, 82

Tunica Saxifraga, 103

U

Usse, gardens at, 84
Uva grass, see Gynerium saccha-
roides

Vv

Versaille, gardens of, 81

Villandry, gardens at, 83; formal
garden at, 86

Vines and climbing plants, na-
tive, 57

Vocational training for soldiers, 5

MISSOURI BOTANICAL

GARDEN BULLETIN

WwW

War, effect of,
tivities, 1 [

Water garden, hardy native plants
for the, 52

Weeds, eradication of, in lawns, 27

Weigel, Th, O. “Mycotheca Bra- |
siliensis,” Cent. I, Nos. 1-100, 31;
Plants of the Philippine Islands
collected by Father Morice Van-
overbergh, 79; “Westfalische
Pilze,” collected by W. Brink-
mann, 31

Weir, J. R. Brush disposal fungi, 21

Wild garden, establishment of, at
Garden, 3; native perennials for,
85

on Garden ac-

STAFF

OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

BENJAMIN MINGE DuG@ar,

Director,

GEORGE T. MOORE.

Physiologist in charge of Graduate Laboratory.

HERMANN VON SCHRENK,

Pathologist.

Epwakrp A. Burr,

Mycologist and Librarian.

P..C. BRAWNER,
Painter.

NELL C. Horner,

Editor of Publications.

G. H. Prine, ©
Horticulturist.
JoHN NoyEs,
Landscape Designer.
L. P. JENSEN,

Arboriculturist.

Pauu A. Koutr,
Floriculturist.

Jesse M. GREENMAN,
Curator of Herbarium.

JOANNE L. KaARRER,
Research Assistant.

KATHERINE H, LEIGH,
‘Secretary to the Director.

W. FE. LANGAN,

H. VALLENTINE,

Construction.

Engineer.