es N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA THE HECKMAN BINDERY, INC. QK1 M93 Vv. 66 1978 ¢..2 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 66 1978 Missour! Boranicad GARDEN EIBRARY. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin ef) SG Gale be a Ei: The Wardian Case, a Plant Shop specialty, Page 5. Herbarium Provides Clues In Search For Minerals Each year, the Garden herbarium receives hun- dreds of requests for loans of plant specimens or for information concerning them. Most of these requests are made in connection with systematic studies of various groups of plants or floristic studies of various parts of the world. It is for these studies that her- barium specimens are usually collected: they are aimed at elucidating the basic nature of plants rather than at any economic or social goals. However, the herbarium is always interested in studies which make non-traditional uses of its specimens, and such studies often have social aspects. About two years ago, a request was received from Dr. R. R. Brooks of Massey University in New Zealand. In his letter, Dr. Brooks stated that he was interested in identifying plants which accumulate high concentrations of nickel, and he asked us if we could provide him with small samples of herbarium speci- mens of the genera Hybanthus and Homalium for his studies. Several species of these two genera were then known to accumulate nickel in high concentra- tions, and he was interested in identifying other species which might do the same. Since Dr. Brooks only needed very small quantities from each speci- men — samples approximately one square cm. each were all that he was requesting — several hundred samples were sent to Dr. Brooks. Recently Dr. Brooks paid a short visit to the Gar- den to study and sample additional herbarium speci- mens, and while he was here he gave a seminar in which he summarized his results. It has long been known that the mineral content of plants reflects the mineral content of the substrate on which they grow. For example, plants growing over rocks high in nickel often contain higher than normal concentrations of nickel in their tissues. A few plants which grow over nickel-containing rocks contain ex- ceedingly high concentrations. Such plants are called hyperaccumulators of nickel. These facts were discov- Dr. R. R. Brooks, Massey University, New Zealand. ered by analyzing plants from areas known to have high nickel concentrations. Given these facts, it is reasonable to assume that if one discovers a plant which is a hyperaccumulator of nickel, it was growing over rocks high in nickel content. Since the world’s herbaria contain something over 600 million dried plant specimens, each with a label telling where the plant came from, and since only very small portions of dried plant specimens are needed for the mineral analysis, Dr. Brooks has been doing his mineral ex- ploration in herbaria. During his study of Homalium and Hybanthus, Dr. Brooks and his co-workers discovered that a member of the violet family, Rinorea bengalensis, was also a hyperaccumulator of nickel. This is a widespread species which occurs from Ceylon to eastern Australia, and it grows over a wide variety of substrates. Eighty-nine small herbarium specimens were analyzed, and nickel concentrations ranging from 20 to over 17,000 micrograms per gram dry weight were discovered. When the collection localities of the analyzed specimens were plotted on (Continued on Page 2) Volume LXVI Number 1 January 1978 Herbarium... (Continued from Page 1) a map, it was found that those specimens which con- tained high concentrations of nickel came from areas known to have rocks high in nickel. However, there were two exceptions. Two collec- tions from different parts of New Guinea had very high concentrations of nickel, but the geology of these areas is unknown, and so we do not know whether or not they come from high nickel areas. However, the probability that this is so is very high, and this is the interesting and important point about Dr. Brooks’ study: apparently plants preserved as herbarium specimens can be used to help discover new de- posits of mineral resources. This is but one example of how herbarium specimens may be used for studies totally different from those for which they were originally gathered. Some of the collections in the herbarium were made well over 200 years ago, but they are just as good for many of the highly refined studies being carried out today as are specimens gathered only last year. As techniques for studying the submicroscopic and even atomic nature of plants continue to be refined, more and more can be learned about plants from the her- barium specimens currently on deposit. While these studies often require that a portion of the specimen be destroyed, the amount of material required is usually very small and by selecting only specimens with abundant material for use in the studies, we can be certain that we will both contribute to man’s under- standing of the plants around him and that the speci- mens will be preserved for the future. a Holiday Workshops In Ohio Conducted By Ken Peck Ken Peck, head of the Garden’s Education De- partment, has returned from a holiday visit to Roscoe Village, Coshocton, Ohio, where he conducted a two-day series of Christmas decoration workshops for more than 100 interested Ohioans. During the workshops, Mr. Peck demonstrated the methods of constructing six different kinds of holi- day decorations suitable for home use. He also as- sisted participants in fashioning their own decorations and included a bonus within his presentation — show- ing color slides of the Garden to the two Ohio groups. Mr. Peck reports that both the workshops and the slide presentation were well received by the partici- pants. Roscoe Village is a restored resort canal town located on what was once the Ohio and Erie Canal system. The period of restoration, approximately 1830-40, includes the colorful era when wide, barge- like canal boats drawn by horses or mules were used to haul passengers and freight along the inland canal system, at the breakneck speed of three to four miles per hour. During that period, a canal man and his family would make their home at one end of the large barge, livestock would be penned at the other end and the midship section would be used for cargo. Remnants of the old canal system still exist in some regions of Ohio, and in the Roscoe Village area a number of canal locks used to raise or lower barge traffic can still be seen. Roscoe Village, like the Garden, is a private, not-for-profit institution. CAMPAIGNING AT THE GARDEN — Mrs. A. Timon Primm Ill, head of table, second from left, chairs a briefing meeting for one of several committees "- established to coordinate the Garden's current $6 million development campaign. Others ' at head of table include, from left, Kent Guske, director of development, A. Timon Primm III, major gifts chairman, and Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. The Garden Library: Its Life And Growth Dr. Frans A. Stafleu, left, of the University of Utrecht, the Nether- lands, and Dr. Richard S. Cowan, Smithsonian Institution, conduct @ research among Garden library materials, including the rare and recently acquired Flore d'Egypte, based on botanical collections made during Napoleon's expedition to Egypt. A library is not a static collection of books. It must grow through the purchase and exchange of new and old publications. The Garden publishes its Annals to report the scientific results of staff research and that of other investigators. This publication is used by the Garden library in exchange for other periodical works from all over the world. Therefore, the Annals plays a critical role in the growth of the library. Another facet of the library’s scientific role was reinforced recently by the visit of Drs. Stafleu and Cowan, collaborators on an enormous endeavor: a 20th century compilation of taxonomic literature. The literature of taxonomic botany is enormous, and taxonomists have long recognized the impor- tance of periodically producing catalogs of the more important titles. For example, when he was 28 years old, Linnaeus, the father of modern botany, published his Bibliotheca Botanica in which he listed what he considered the most important botanical works, be- ginning with the Greeks. This modest volume was not meant to be comprehensive, and it is important now principally in identifying some of the abbreviations which Linnaeus used in his later publications. Comprehensive guides to the literature of taxonomic botany seem to appear about once every hundred years. Albrecht von Haller published his own Bibliotheca Botanica between 1771 and 1772. These two thick volumes, which contain over 1400 pages, are important now because they contain much infor- mation about pre-Linnaean (pre-1753) literature and ara they also contain many references not taken up by later bibliographers. Georg August Pritzel published the second edi- tion of his Thesaurus Literaturae Botanicae between 1871 and 1877. This compilation contains nearly 11,000 separate entries and provides a good over- view of the literature which had appeared since Hal- ler’s publication. For many years this has been a standard reference work for those dealing with botan- ical literature. In 1967, Dr. Stafleu published a “modest” volume entitled Taxonomic Literature, which contains infor- mation on more than 1400 basic works in taxonomic botany. He reports that most of the information had been accumulating in his files for many years and that one day a visiting taxonomist, after consulting the files, said to him, “It is unfair for you to have so much information which is confined to this room.” A month later, Dr. Stafleu began to compile the manuscript for his Taxonomic Literature. The 1967 book is now being expanded into a much more comprehensive handbook to the most important literature of systematic botany. This new handbook, the result of the efforts of Drs. Stafleu and Cowan, is called Taxonomic Literature, Second Edi- tion, or TL-2 for brevity. It will appear in five volumes, totaling more than 6,000 pages. The first volume, covering authors whose names begin with the letters A through G, appeared in 1976 and contains informa- (Continued on Page 4) 3 The Garden Library... (Continued from Page 3) tion on more than 2,200 different published works. Besides giving the title and author of each work, addi- tional information concerning the authors and the books is included. For example, dates of publication are very important in taxonomic botany for establish- ing the proper names to apply to plants. In many cases, very precise datings, to the very day on which books were published, are important. TL-2 will con- tain this kind of information in addition to a wealth of other facts concerning the books and authors. Drs. Stafleu and Cowan are receiving coopera- tion from some 20 to 30 botanical libraries, located mostly in North America and in Europe. They visit the Garden's botanical library once or twice each year to study the large numbers of rare books which it con- tains. Dr. Stafleu says that he is constantly amazed at the richness of our collection. For example, he has found in the Garden library many rare books which were originally published in Holland but which he has not encountered even in their country of origin. 71 Henry Shaw glee! o Cactus Society ee pbs Makes Garden eo *—“* Contribution The Henry Shaw Cactus Society, represented by Betty Demzik, president, and Josephine Goelz- hausor, has presented the Garden with two contribu- tions — one of $2,500 for improvements in the cactus service greenhouse; and one of $500 to be used for general greenhouse operation. Mrs. Demzik, during the presentation ceremony, explained that the Society has been pleased by the spirit of cooperation at the Garden and wished to ex- press its appreciation with these contributions. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, responded by expressing his gratitude for the Society's generos- ity and by explaining the features of the floral display area of the planned new Visitor Orientation/Education Center, an aspect of the new building of great interest because of the Henry Shaw Cactus Society show held annually at the Garden. The Society is composed of 300 members who meet the second Sunday of each month except Au- gust. A special program is presented each month and members may check out books from the Society's collection and share cultural information and ideas. Membership dues are $5 per individual, $7.50 per family. The dues include a subscription to the Cactus Digest, a monthly publication which is mailed to members containing cultural information. For further information regarding membership in the Henry Shaw Cactus Society, please contact Kathy Dickman, Route 8, Box 235, Edwardsville, Ill. 62025. 4 Graduate Course In Colombia Taught By Garden Staff Member Dr. Alwyn Gentry, assistant curator in the Garden herbarium, has returned from a three-week trip to Colombia where he directed a graduate level course in advanced plant taxonomy. The course taught by Dr. Gentry, attended by 24 botany professors from thirteen universities, was funded by Colciencias, the Colombian counterpart of the U.S. National Science Foundation. This invitation to conduct the first Colombian graduate level botany class is another indication of the esteem with which the Garden's tropical expertise is regarded. In view of increasing rapid destruction of the world’s remaining tropical vegetation, it is urgent that botanists in tropical countries accelerate their studies of their respective countries’ flora. The increasing in- terest in plant taxonomy in Colombia is a case in point. Seiwa-en Benefit ‘ In charge of arrangements for the Garden's Seiwa-En benefit are, standing, from left, George Hasegawa, treasurer, Japan America Soci- ety; Carl L. A. Beckers, Honorary Japanese Consul; Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director; seated, John Armbruster, board chairman, Community Federal Savings and Loan Association; Mrs. Jane Harris and her hus- band, Whitney Harris, vice president, Japan America Society. The Japan America Society and Community Federal Savings and Loan Association will host a Japanese Garden benefit on February 26, from 5 to 9 p.m. Mr. and Mrs. Whitney R. Harris are co-chairing the benefit with the assistance of a large committee. There will be entertainment, food and beverage for this special event. For further details and informa- tion, please call 772-7600, extension 22. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. She Wardian Case To acquaint Garden Members with new, select, and rare offerings available in the Plant Shop, the Bulletin will be featuring monthly selections in a con- tinuing report entitled “The Wardian Case.” The term Wardian Case comes to us from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The forerunners of our present day terrariums, these cases evolved from a simple glass enclosure developed by an English physician and scientist, Dr. Ward, into transport cases for early 18th century plant explorers and eventually into elaborate Victoriana parlor decorations (one may be seen in Tower Grove House). In all forms, the term has been associated with the rare, unusual and unique in the botanical and horticultural world for nearly two centuries. Our first feature in this series is Sinningia pusilla. A member of the Gesneriad family —Gesneriaceae— this little gem comes to us originally from the wilds of Brazil. S. pusilla is the only gesneriad which with proper conditions has no dormancy whatsoever. It is in the true sense an everblooming plant. No larger than a quarter at maturity, S. pusilla forms a flat rosette of /2” hairy leaves with pronounced veination. The tiny %” violet to lavender flowers are borne in profusion above the plant on threadlike stems. S. pusilla is incredibly easy to grow provided that it is given terrarium conditions. This highlights the necessity of continuous moisture, warmth and high humidity. Artificial lighting is ideal although success can be obtained with high light without direct sun or curtain filtered sunlight. Seed is produced spontane- ously, eventually creating large colonies of plants. Leaf propagation like that of the African violet is pos- sible. All in all this diminutive plant is an inexpensive and valuable addition to your collection, making it one of the most attractive and worthwhile terrarium sub- jects. S. pusilla is available for inspection or purchase at the Plant Shop, daily from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Sinningia pusilla snowfall and Serenity: A Garden . Bb: “ ’ * be hon tah hed ted ded hed a ddd Snow-viewing lantern, yukimi-doro. The teahouse of the Japanese Garden. 6 r 1 Winter ithered visitor, w bound. Drum bridge, Japanese Garden. The Library’s African Collection During the period when the Garden's herbarium has served as the national repository for African plant collections, the library has made a special effort to improve its collections of books and publications on African botany. While the library already possessed a very respected selection of books on the African flora, there were some significant gaps in its holdings. As an example, the library has had in its collec- tions since 1930 the second edition of an important work on North Africa botany: Alire Delile’s Flore d’Egypte (Paris, 1824). It has only been in the past few weeks, however, that we have been able to ob- tain the scarce first edition of this work, published in Paris in 1813. Delile was a French physician and botanist who accompanied Napoleon in his attempted conquest of Egypt. In spite of his medical duties, Delile found time to study the native plants of Egypt and to collect plant specimens for several European herbaria. As another part of its effort to improve its African collections, the library staff searches all the publica- tion catalogues it can obtain that might conceivably list items of interest. As is true with so many underde- veloped areas, official publications from Africa are often produced in very limited editions, are not widely distributed and are often extremely difficult to locate. Frequently, one of the biggest challenges faced by the library staff is the seemingly mundane task of obtaining the proper address of a government agency in Africa that may plan to publish something on botany, forestry, vegetation mapping or other topics of interest to the botanical researcher. The library’s collections of “Botanical Africana” are of interest not only to plant scientists, but to histo- rians and to scientists in other disciplines as well. Many of the earlier European publications on Africa were accounts of travel and exploration into previ- ously unknown regions. These books often contained reports on geology and mineral resources, maps and itineraries of routes, anthropological and ethnological accounts of native tribes encountered by the explor- ers, studies of native art and artifacts, as well as lists of plants and animals observed during the expedition. A typical example of this type of account is an 1884 work by the English explorer and geographer H. H. Johnston, The River Congo from its Mouth to Boldbo, a volume recently added to the library. This book is a general account of a voyage Johnston began at the mouth of the Congo in 1882. He discusses sites he visited along the way, adventures he and his party experienced (including an attack by a hippopotamus), and descriptions of plants and animals encountered along the way. Included among the many illustrations are several drawings of plants, and there are also two very useful maps of the area he traversed. 8 Large Floral Display Space ls Feature Of New Building One of the outstanding features of the new Visitor Orientation/Education Center, to be built within the northern portion of the Garden, will be a greatly enlarged floral display area. The building itself is the principal element of the $6 million development cam- paign now underway. The floral display hall will be completely climate controlled to make possible year around use. The enlarged facility will improve the ability of the Garden to host shows of the local single plant societies. In- creased and improved support facilities will be pro- vided to facilitate set-up and take-down of the shows. Because of the increase in space, it will be possible to provide more educational features as a part of all these displays. The design of the floral display area will provide upper level viewing to give an overall observation area which will include a portion of the restaurant. Large resident plants in moveable containers will pro- vide background and framework for the displays and shows. The increased adjacent parking and ease of access to the new Center with night lighting will per- mit evening programs. While the facility will provide a new access to the Garden and open an area of the Garden formerly closed to the public, the present main gate will remain as it is. Although the Garden Gate Shop will move to the new Center, the lovely stone and wrought iron grillwork will remain untouched. The dramatic main axis of the Garden will be less congested and there- fore the lily ponds, Climatron and gate can be enjoyed to their fullest. By using the space at the north portion of the Garden more efficiently, the proposed new Visitor Orientation/Education Center and the adjacent en- vironmental support complex, an entire new area will be open to the public. This complex will enable the Garden to fulfill its three main objectives: research, education and display. Floral display area, planned new Visitor Orientation/Education Center. The Answerman Service Grows And Grows Members of the Gar- den’s volunteer Answerman corps, dur- ing one of the regular seminars held to train new volunteers and keep current Answer- men abreast of botani- cal developments. A few casual inquiries 15 years ago by curious gardeners led to a fast growing horticultural answer service for St. Louis area gardeners. When George Pring retired as superintendent of the Garden after more than sixty years of service, he volunteered his mornings to answering questions, handling 15 to 20 inquiries each day. On the days when Mr. Pring was not available, the Garden’s department heads were pressed into service to answer horticultural questions. However, the queries began to mount so rapidly that the time demands became too great. At this time, the Regional Council of Men’s Gar- den Clubs was contacted for volunteers to assist in the answer service. Several of the original volunteers are still serving as Answermen. In 1970, Paul Kohl, who for fifty years designed, staged and grew the plants for the Garden’s seasonal shows, retired and pe ea joined the Answermen. He alone answers horticul- tural questions November through March while the Answermen are in training sessions. During the winter months, those involved in this unique service attend a series of weekly seminars designed to keep them abreast of the latest develop- ments in horticulture. The 1977-78 series marks the third year of the teaching program. Instructors are Garden personnel and extension specialists from the University of Missouri. There are presently 18 persons, both men and women, serving as Answermen. A typical day during the active gardening season will include 100 calls re- questing information. More than 11,000 requests were recorded during the period from March to November, 1977. A few questions years ago has blossomed into an active, community-wide service. PHONE POWER - Volunteers from the Executive Board and the Membership Organization, during the Membership Phonathon, con- tacted more than 880 members to remind them to renew Garden membership. Volunteers are, from left, Mrs. Barb Merollis; Mrs. Tatie Reese; Mrs. Carol Houghton; } Mrs. Ruth Minton; Mrs. Susie Yoder; Mrs. Annalea Kerckhoff, Membership Committee chair- man; Mrs. Sally Behan; Mrs. Nancy Lammers; seated, Mrs. Nora Stern, president of the Executive Board of the Members. 9 Gardening in St. Louis TSIEN January is a time when the gardener may relax, sit back, take it easy and make plans for the coming season of intense garden activity. The latest Gallup Poll indicates that 43 million people are vegetable gardening and that the trend will continue to increase. Great strides have been made in the last few years on development of new vegeta- bles. Outstanding new developments, for instance, have been made in corn. The goal is to get varieties which will stay at the proper picking stage for 10 to 14 days, far longer than the present sweet corns. The EH factor, a genetic trait that slows down the conver- sion of sugar into starch after picking, is responsible. Stokes Seeds, Inc., 2657 Stokes Building, Buffalo, New York 14240, has developed a variety called Can- dycorn which has red husk markers. Burpee Seed Company has produced a new variety called Main- lander, which matures in 88 days and also contains the EH factor. Both of these excellent yellow kernel varieties will be popular with home gardeners. ALL-AMERICAN TOMATO The new All American Bronze Medal tomato is Flora America, producing fruit approximately 75 days after planting and resistant or tolerant to a great many diseases. It bears fruit from eight to 12 ounces and is comparable in size to the popular Beefsteak or Big Boy tomato. This is an excellent variety to grow for staking or growing in a wire cage. Hybrid watermelon, Sweet Favorite, is another All American winner for 1978, maturing in 72 days and having fruit averaging 20 pounds with a high sugar content, rich red interior and good flavor. This variety shows excellent tolerance to anthracnose and fusarium wilt. Parsley Curlina is a new mini-triple curled parsley with dark green leaves on 6¥2 inch plants, making it an excellent choice for kitchen window pots or the garden and available from Stokes Seeds. Seed geraniums continue to highlight the test gardens throughout the country. These are ideal geraniums for home culture, blooming late in the St. Louis area and withstanding adverse weather condi- tions. Seed geraniums are available in the popular Sprinter varieties. Showgirl hybrid is another early free-flowering variety which is bright rose-pink in color. Orange Punch geraniums, the first really Orange geranium, has prominently zoned leaves. This is an earlier flowering variety than the Carefree geranium and flowers just after Sprinter. Seed geraniums, when they were first introduced, were rather late flowering for home gardeners who started their own seed in March. Since then, earlier and ear- lier types have been introduced until the seed geranium has become one of the top 10 annuals in North America. Home gardeners can now sow these 10 early new varieties in January on the kitchen window- sill and set out.flowering plants in late May. SHADE PLANTS Excellent plants for shade are the new coleus sabre series, noted for their serrated leaves which add a graceful and airy look to gardens. These plants are low-growing and self-branching, bright in color, and are an asset wherever grown. They are also ex- cellent for small containers, on patios, porches and decks. Another excellent combination are two new be- gonias called Mars and Glamor White. Mars begonias are large-flowered red dwarf begonias, while Glamor White is a large-flowered white fibrous begonia, mak- ing an ideal combination when planted together. Dianthus Snowfire is another All American win- ner for 1978. This is a dwarf base branching plant with dense masses of fringed bicolor blooms two inches in diameter. The white blooms with cherry-red centers provide a long-flowering period in six to eight inch plants and, if flowers are removed, will very quickly produce new buds giving added show color. Dianthus Magic Charm hybrid mix colors, another All American Bronze Medal winner, are excellent flowers for this area producing blooms one and three-quarter inches across. They were planted directly in front of the Climatron this past summer. New sources for growers now are the wild flow- ers which are readily available from the Applewood Seed Co., 833 Parfet Street, Lakewood, Colorado 80215. This is a seed firm that started about 12 years ago and has a free mail order catalog which can be obtained by writing to them. They produce an excel- lent assortment of wild flower seeds for growing in the garden in natural areas. Also they have an excellent collection of herbs. They grow many more of the un- common species seldom found outside the rare plant collections and they set high standards for seed vigor and viability. They also have an excellent book called Water, Light and Love, A Guide to Growing Plants from Seed, which sells for $3.95. The book contains extensive and practical information on more than 120 wildflowers, herbs and other specialty plants. Charts give germination time, favorable temperature, whether other special treatment is needed to initiate seed germination. Seed packets are attractive and add a new dimension to home gardening. Some good sources of seed catalogs besides those listed are: Burpee Seeds, 300 Park Avenue, Warminster, Pa. 18974; George W. Park Seed Co., Greenwood, S.C. 29647; Burgess Seed and Plant Co., Galesburg, Michigan 49053; R. H. Shumway Seedsman, Rockford, Ill. 61101; Jackson & Perkins, Medford, Oregon 97501. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulurist Chelsea Flower Show A highlight of the 1978 season will be the Mem- bers’ English odyssey to the Chelsea Flower Show. The tour will include visits to London, Salisbury, Dar- byshire, York and Cambridge. The trip is scheduled for May 19 through June 4. Further information and details may be obtained by calling the Members’ Of- fice, 772-7600, extension 25. Orchid Show Preview A special members preview of the Orchid Show in the Climatron is scheduled for Friday evening, Feb- ruary 3, from 5 to 7:30 p.m. This exotic display has long been a favorite and is being offered after a two year absence. The Garden gratefully acknowledges the Famous-Barr Co. for making this special event possible. The Orchid Show has been made possible through the generous assistance of the Missouri Arts Council. SPECIAL NOTICE Tower Grove House will be closed for reno- vation January 2 through January 31. During this period the dining room will be redecorated. MEMBERSHIPS—NOVEMBER 1977 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS— Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer NOVEMBER 1977 Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mr./Mrs. Jack E. Edlin Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. T. S. Hall Mrs. John S. Lehmann Dr./Mrs. Fleming B. Harper Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mr. C. W. Moore Mr. A. Y¥. Schultz Mrs. Florence T. Morris CONTRIBUTING Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Anton Mrs. Harris Burns Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson oo vias Mrs. William F. Campbell . S.C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. John E. Dwyer Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mrs. Roy Foster : Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Miss Alice P. Francis Ms. A. Donna King Mr./Mrs. Ronald Lovett Mr./Mrs. Sterling J. Ryan Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Donald Wildman Mr./Mrs. Homer E. Sayad Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mr./Mrs. Stuart Zimmerman Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr. Jack L. Turner NEW MEMBERSHIPS— NOVEMBER 1977 Mrs. Ben H. Wells SUSTAINING Mr. Robert J. Gaddy Mr. R. Stemmler Western Supplies Co. CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. N. V. Bussmann Ms. Margie Coates Mr. Herman DaCosta Mr. Thomas L. Gossage Mr./Mrs. Harold R. Hoffelder DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mr. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummer, III Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, Ill Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr. Marvin Klamen Mr. Walter S. Koehl Mr./Mrs. Joseph L. Krechel Mr./Mrs. Paul B. Wright REGULAR Mr. John Abramson Mr./Mrs. Terry |. Adelman Mr./Mrs. Herbert S. Alcorn Mr./Mrs. A. Callaway Allen Mr./Mrs. Leo L. Altenhofer, Sr. Ms. Sandra P. Ankrah Mr./Mrs. Frederic A. Arnstein, Jr. Ms. Claire Avis Ms. Evelyn Bartylak Dr. David F. Barylski Mr./Mrs. Roland R. Bauer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Henry N. Bergel Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Berger Mr./Mrs. Melvin J. Berkowitz Mr./Mrs. Clay P. Bixler Mr./Mrs. S. J. Blackwell Mr. John G. Borders Mr./Mrs. Allen S. Boston Mrs. Edna E. Bovinett Mr./Mrs. James F. Bowen Mr./Mrs. Leo G. Boyer Mr./Mrs. John C. Brackman Ruth A. Bradfield Mr./Mrs. Harry C. Braun Mr./Mrs. John T. Brooks Mr./Mrs. Patrick M. Browne Mrs. Gwendolyn J. Brush Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Brzyski Mr./Mrs. L. Singer Burke Mr./Mrs. John P. Byrne Mrs. Rose B. Carl Dr. Robert H. Carroll Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Cataldo Mrs. Robert G. Cermak Dr./Mrs. M. Ishaq Chishti Mr./Mrs. Edwin M. Clark Mr./Mrs. Larry Clinton Mrs. Virginia Coates Ms. Pam Coe Miss Bonita G. Coleman Mr. Thomas M. Condon Mr./Mrs. E. Collin Copeman Mr./Mrs. L. T. Corcoran Ms. Nancy Craig Mr./Mrs. Horst J. Daehnick Mr./Mrs. Nelson R. Darragh Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Darrah Mr./Mrs. W. M. Daughtrey Mrs. Mary G. Davenport Dr./Mrs. Gene L. Davis, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Davis Mr./Mrs. Vojislav Dimitrijevich Mr./Mrs. James P. Dionne Mr./Mrs. Roy R. Dressel Mr./Mrs. Jack E. Dudley Mr./Mrs. Harold W. Duke, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Eugene D. Duncan Mr./Mrs. Irving Edison Mr./Mrs. John C. Emmons Mr./Mrs. M. Erlich Mr./Mrs. William Errant Mr./Mrs. Jeff Evans Mr./Mrs. Jerome N. Farness Ms. Kathleen A. Fleming Mrs. Bertha French Mr./Mrs. Steven Funk Mr./Mrs. Albert J. Gajdosik Mr./Mrs. Dennis D. Gallagher Mr./Mrs. S. L. Garfield Mr./Mrs. Anthony Garnett Mrs. W. L. Gatz Mr. Alan M. Gerstein Mrs. Antoinette R. Gibbons Rev./Mrs. Herman Gockel Mr./Mrs. Irving M. Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Sam |. Golman Ms. Zelma J. Greathouse Mr./Mrs. Allen P. Green Fund of Greater St.Louls Mr./Mrs. Stanford S. Grossman Mr./Mrs. Jack Gumbel Mrs. Eugenia Haagen Mr. David A. Hagan Mr./Mrs. James L. Hamrick Ill Mr./Mrs. Clifford M. Hardin Mr./Mrs. John C. Heisler Mr./Mrs. George J. Helein Mr./Mrs. Edward Henschel Mr./Mrs. Frank J. Hey, Sr. Mr./Mrs. J. Campbell Hixson Mr./Mrs. John H. Hoffman Mr./Mrs. James E. Hullverson Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Hunter Mr./Mrs. Edmund C. Immer Mr./Mrs. C. J. Jackson Mr./Mrs. James P. Jackson Mrs. Luther Edward Jaco Mr./Mrs. Hewitt V. Johnston Ms. Susan Karn Mr./Mrs. James J. Kennedy Ms. Alice S. Kimes Mr./Mrs. Anthony J. Kisling Ms. Kathianne Knaup Dr./Mrs. J. W. Knesevich Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Krueger Mr./Mrs. Howard A. Kuehner Mr. Raymond C. Kuhl Ms. Christine A. Kurtz Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Lambeck Dr./Mrs. Morton A. Levy Ms. Margaret Leyda Miss Billie Linder Mr./Mrs. Earl N. Lindquist Mr. James C. Logomasini Quentin D. Luster Mrs. Martha F. MacLean Mr./Mrs. Donald L. Manion Ms. Carole Marks Dr./Mrs. J. Joseph Marr Mary Institute Ms. Eileen M. Mathews Miss Patricia L. Mayhew Mr./Mrs. Michael F. McCarty Mr./Mrs. James K. Mellow Dr./Mrs. G. Leland Melson Mrs. Garret F. Meyer Darryl W. Mezo Mr. Fred D. Miller Mrs. Andrew S. Mills Mr./Mrs. Anthony G. Minnick Mr./Mrs. John J. Miravalle Miss Nancy Moellering Dr./Mrs. A. F. Montgomery Sr. Mary Moore Mr./Mrs. Alvin T. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Forrest J. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Philip Lee Naas Mr./Mrs. Philip Needleman Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Nemanick Miss Alice Nerlich Dr./Mrs. G. Joseph Nieters Mr./Mrs. Gregory J. Nooney, III Mr./Mrs. William B. O'Gorman Mr./Mrs. Keith A. Paulson Mr. William M. Perry Mr./Mrs. Paul F. Petrikovitsch Mr./Mrs. Buford L. Pickens Mr./Mrs. Frank C. Pierson Mr./Mrs. Ted Pipe Mrs. Harry M. Piper Mr./Mrs. Judd B. Presley Principia Upper School Mr./Mrs. Willard C. Rand Mrs. S. R. Randall Mrs. C. Warren Reed Mr./Mrs. Robert Z. Reed, Jr. Mrs. Edith M. Ridley Mr./Mrs. Alvin Ringwald Mrs. Janet R. Robertson Mrs. Robert K. Royce Mrs. Bernice Rubinelli Mr. F. William Rundquist Ms. Clara R. Russell Mr. Sam L. Saeks Member of The Arts and Education 11 Miss Therese Santen Dr./Mrs. R. C. Saphian Mrs. Gail Saxton Mr./Mrs. Jacob G. Schenck Mr./Mrs. Herbert S. Schiele Mr./Mrs. Albert J. Schlueter Mrs. Robert J. Schmitt Mr./Mrs. Perry G. Schneider Mr./Mrs. Dalton Schreiber Mr. Harry C. Schulte Miss June Schwankhaus Dr./Mrs. Melvin Schwartz Mrs. Julius S. Schweich Mr./Mrs. James A. Sedgwick Mr./Mrs. John Seel Dr./Mrs. Robert Senior Mr./Mrs. Roger W. Shaw Mr./Mrs. Robert Shelli Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Shiner Mr./Mrs. David L. Shores Mr./Mrs. Daniel R. Sidoti Mrs. Katherine C. Smith Mrs. J. Woodson Smith Mr./Mrs. Andrew B. Smither Dr./Mrs. Stephen E. Snitzer Dr./Mrs. Donald G. Spalding Mr. Bruce Springer Mr./Mrs. Gray Squire Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Sterling Mr. Joseph H. Stiens, Jr. Mrs. Diane Strickler Mr./Mrs. Irving Sudin Mr./Mrs. Cleon O. Swayzee II Mrs. C. Kenneth Thies Miss Ann Tolin Mrs. Gladys A. Tolley Mr./Mrs. Micheal Tripoli Mr./Mrs. Gene L. Vescovo Mr./Mrs. Theodore H. Vogel Ms. Mary Ann Wachtel Mrs. William E. Walters Mr./Mrs. John M. Weyers Ms. Barbara Whitaker E. V. Wilder Mr. Bernard Wildi Mr./Mrs. William E. Wilton Mrs. Dorothy Winslow Ms. Emily W. Wood Mr./Mrs. C. J. Wright Mr./Mrs. W. Polk Wright Mr. Donald A. Yatkeman Ms. Bonnie K. Zielonko NOVEMBER TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Eppenberger’s 40th Anniversary Ann and Peter Husch In Honor of Mrs. S. E. Freund’s Special Birthday Mr. & Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Jules Gewinner’s 50th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. E. R. Grant Mr./Mrs. Eugene C. Sunnen In Honor of Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Henry L. Freund In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Claude M. Loper’s Golden Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Arthur C. Schuchardt In Memory of Ethel Benert Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher, Jr. Mr./Mrs. William Robb In Memory of Mrs. Merlin Bumpus The William Koerner Family In Memory of Mr. Patrick A. Dempsey Tom and Marie Lambert In Memory of Romaine DeMunsch Dorothy Becker In Memory of Mrs. Magdalen J. Dollard Vi Taylor In Memory of Mr. John H. Edmonds Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble Mr./Mrs. Eli Strassner In Memory of Mrs. Al Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Mr. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Blanke, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. George K. (Skeets) Hasegawa Kikue S. Atkins Nell Johnson Balhorn Mr./Mrs. Harry Bungo Mozelle M. Bynum Barbara Colagrossi Natsuko Dean Eleanor Dowling Calvin H. East Mary E. Ely Engineers’ Wives, St. Louis Chapter M.S.P.E. Reaves H. Englebert Margaret L. Fitzsimmons Dr. Milton T. Fujita Irene Garvey Margaret M. Gaule Alta B. Hamilton Dr./Mrs. John Hara Ikebana International, St. Louis Chapter Japan America Society Mr./Mrs. Akira Kodama Henrietta Kushkin Clara A. LeClerq Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis Florence T. Morris Sherry Ann Nieters Dr./Mrs. George Nishida Margaret D. Ohrman Mary C. Pierce Jane B. Poor Dr./Mrs. Peter H. Raven Pauline Sakahara Mr./Mrs. Hugh Semple Walter G. Shifrin Edwin T. Shimamoto Mrs. W. Frank Simms, Jr. Marjorie G. Sisk Mrs. Robert E. Soden Scott and Annette Styles Hiroko Takano Mrs. Harvno Tsuruoka Betty J. Watkins In Memory of Mrs. Emma Hilliard Pearl K. Spring In Memory of Mrs. Rose Holtzman Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble Gloria and Ed Hogbin In Memory of Mignon M. Ittner Mrs. Warren C. Bruce Mrs. Richard Hardcastle Louise and Scott Ittner Mrs. Elizabeth N. Young In Memory of Dr. Garrett S. Kieffer Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Bedell In Memory of Mrs. Raleigh Kirk Mrs. Malcolm Reid In Memory of Mrs. W. Warren Kirkbride Ruth K. Jacobson In Memory of Margie Lee Dorothy Meyer Marion Pfeiffer In Memory of John G. Lilly Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin In Memory of Mr. Ted Lorenz Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Early In Memory of Mr. George E. Mellow Mrs. John Stodieck, Jr. Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Ruth Young Mitchell Mr./Mrs. G. K. Sandweg In Memory of Bonnie Munn Mr./Mrs. Charles Leven In Memory of Joseph S. Outley Martha Kattwasser In Memory of Mr. Newell T. Paterson Pearl K. Spring In Memory of Mr. Duncan Pritchard Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal In Memory of Mrs. Charles (Jessie) Russell Mary Frances Hazelton Jean Russell In Memory of Howard Schumann Mr./Mrs. Oscar P. Wieland In Memory of Mr. Bradford Shinkle, Jr. Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock In Memory of Mr. George Shirling Mrs. J. A. Griffith In Memory of Mr. J. G. Taylor Spink C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Dr. Albert C. Stutsman Dr./Mrs. D. W. Eades Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble Mrs. C. Edward Hermann Mr./Mrs. Frederick J. Pitzman Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Trovillion Mr./Mrs. Edmund A. Hogbin, Jr. In Memory of Mr. William G. von Weis: Mr./Mrs. Arthur K. Howell, Jr. Employees of von Weise Gear Compan Watson Development Company In Memory of Mrs. Ben F. Watts George and Nadine Mahe Sally Schiller In Memory of Mrs. W. J. Westphalen Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Blanke, Jr. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST.LOUIS, MC . +, Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin On display or on sale, February is orchid month, Page 4 Dr Raven Named Io National Museum Board Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, was sworn in aS a member of the newly created National Museum Services Board in ceremonies held De- cember 16 at the Brooklyn Children’s Museum in New York. Mrs. Joan Mondale, wife of the Vice President, was among those sworn in. Participating was HEW Secretary Joseph A. Califano, Jr. Dr. Raven’s appointment was confirmed by the United States Senate on Tuesday, December 6. He is the only botanical garden representative to be named to the new national board, composed of 15 members. The Institute of Museum Services was estab- lished through the Museum Services Act (Title Il of the Arts, Humanities and Cultural Affairs Act of 1976), which was signed into law October 8, 1976. This legis- lation is the first to provide direct assistance for the nation’s museums, which are visited by 300 to 500 million people each year. The Museum Services legislation was enacted to “encourage and assist museums in their educational role; to assist Museums in modernizing their methods and facilities so that they may be better able to con- serve our cultural, historic and scientific heritage; and to ease the financial burden borne by museums as a result of their increasing use by the public.” Mrs. Lee Kimche, former executive director of the Association of Science-Technology Centers, is director-designate of the Institute. “Of utmost impor- tance,” Mrs. Kimche noted, “is the fact that the legis- lation authorizes for the first time, federal assistance to defray museums’ operating expenses.” The Institute of Museum Services has been for- mally established within the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, reflecting the impor- tant role museums play as non-traditional educational resources. The Institute will operate in close coopera- tion with the Office of the Secretary of Education. Dr. Peter H. Raven, right, Garden director, during swearing-in ceremonies for the National Museum Services Board, held recently at the Brooklyn Children’s Museum in New York. Among those also named to the national board are, from left, Mrs. Joan Mondale, wife of Vice President Walter F Mondale; and Mrs. Nancy Negley, president's advisor, San Antonio (Tex.) Conservation Society. Dr. Raven joins 14 other Museum Services Board members appointed by President Carter, who with five ex-officio representatives of federal agencies concerned with art, science and education, comprise the 20-member board. The appointed members of the board represent a broad spectrum of museums, including art, history, technology and science museums, as well as children’s museums, botanical gardens and zoos. A major activity of the new Institute will be the administration of a grant program to museums for improving museum services. Specific program priorities and guidelines were discussed by the new Board of the Institute of Museum Services at a meet- ing in New York in mid-December. As a board member, Dr. Raven will participate in the development and implementation of these policies, as well as supervising the Institute’s pro- grams when it begins formal operations in early 1978. Volume LXVI Number 2 February 1978 Capital Campaign Roaches $3. 3 Million 4,§ meu ae re | in) ASS \ ey : alin or f \ WZ A i, tith i Opa Oe P if (} ish The Garden’s $6 million capital improvement campaign has reached the $3.3 million mark in con- tributions and pledges, it was announced to the Board of Trustees in December by Robert R. Hermann, general campaign chairman. “The drive has completed the first one-third of its solicitation effort,’ said Mr. Hermann. “The next phase is now beginning and if we are able to reach everyone with our story, we will have the $6 million by the fall of 1978.” This project is one of the most ambitious and forward looking in the 119-year history of the Garden. It represents the final phase of the Garden’s master plan. The major component of the new construction is the proposed Education/Visitor Orientation Center. This facility will provide additional space for class- rooms and an auditorium so that expanded pro- grams can be offered for children and continuing education for adults. Adjacent lighted parking will facilitate nighttime use for classes, lectures, films and shows. The new building will increase the Garden’s ability to improve and expand its services as an inter- national center for botanical research, education and display. According to the construction schedule, ground will be broken early in 1979. It is expected, if all goes as planned, that the building will be dedicated and opened in 1980. 2 A new 300-seat auditorium, part of the Garden's planned $5 million Education / Visitor Orientation educational programs for children and adults. spring Garden Workshop Scheduled For March 4-5 The Sixth Annual Spring Garden Workshop will be held in the Floral Display House on Saturday and Sunday, March 4-5, 1978. The hours of the workshop are 11 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on Saturday, and noon to 4:30 p.m. on Sunday. New ideas in gardening will be presented and literature will be available to assist in gardening this spring. A great deal of effort has gone into planning by the staff and in addition, commercial exhibits will be available to help you with your garden- ing problems. There will be a special small bulb dis- play of some of the more unusual bulbs not com- monly found growing in the St. Louis area. Soil types and methods of improving them will be discussed. Staff and Answermen will answer any garden ques- tions, particularly those oriented to problems dealing with the outdoor garden. A special section will be devoted to indoor plants and their care. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Ron Liesner, Investigator Ron Liesner of the Garden’s botany department is a very important individual. And therein, as they say, lies a tale: For many years, one of the Garden’s principal focal points in collecting herbarium specimens and research has been the New World tropics. This is understandable, because the tropics afford greater species diversity in a smaller geographical area than the temperate zones. For example, Panama, only half the size of Missouri, has about four times the number of plant species. There are more species of ferns in Costa Rica than all of North America north of Mexico. Current statistics paint only a sketchy figure of the richness of the tropics, since botanical exploration there is still in a preliminary stage: discoveries of new species are almost a daily occurrence. A further reason for the importance of rapid col- lection and investigation of the tropics is the rapid rate of land development, ensuring the destruction of most natural forests before the end of this century. As one might guess, collections from the tropics present unique problems and create a special di- lemma for institutions handling them. The recent in- creased specialization of taxonomists who usually work with a genus, group of genera or family; and the retirement of many older experienced generalists, who could identify any plant to the family level where it could be continued by a specialist, has created a gap in the process of plant identification. One cannot overestimate the importance of rapid identification of tropical collections. Interdisciplinary aspects of work done in the tropics, ranging from anthropological to ecological, zoological and geological studies, need Ronald Liesner an accurate assessment of plants involved. In addi- tion to aiding other sciences, systematics itself is furthered by incorporating recent tropical collections into herbaria. Often the collections themselves are the tools used by a botanist to familiarize himself with the flora of an area, since many countries have no published flora. Even for those botanists not collect- ing in the tropics, species collected there provide val- uable information and links toward unraveling the threads of botanical order. New species yet to be dis- covered in the tropics will provide clues to the further understanding of plant evolution, phylogeny, and phytogeography. All these factors combine to make Ron Liesner of the Garden’s botany department a very important in- dividual — both to the Garden and to the entire field of systematic botany. Ron trained himself in general identification of plants by devoting many hours of his spare time to poring over tropical collections at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. It is his responsibility to sort and categorize all the uniden- tified collections sent to the Garden, some 20,000 specimens each year. Many are sent here specifically because of Ron’s expertise with unidentified tropical collections. Ron sorts and categorizes the plants, referring many to experts on the staff or at other institutions. But because there are specialists for less than 10 percent of all the tropical plant groups, many plants would remain completely unnamed without the ben- efit of Ron’s expertise and experience. Collections are first categorized by plant family according to cer- tain characteristics. The collections of each family are then studied and plants identified by matching them with older, identified plant collections and published revisions. In this methodical manner, unnamed plants acquire names and added scientific significance. Al- though sometimes it is impossible to completely name a plant due to lack of previous collections or published description, the plant is made accessible to botanists and other scientists specializing in that group of plants. Thus, as a result of Ron’s work, newly collected material of uncertain identity is dealt with, categorized and inserted to be used as a refer- ence and a research tool. In a letter to Ron, Daniel H. Janzen, presently a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, states, “In reference to your letter of inquiry of a month or so ago, | would like to make it emphatically clear that the determinations provided by you and other members of the Missouri Botanical Garden are essential for my research in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. | sim- ply would not be able to do what | am doing without these determinations.” It has been said that the caliber of an institution is indicative of the caliber of people who work there. In this case, the Garden can feel very proud of the serv- ices to taxonomy and to the tropics that Mr. Liesner has rendered. 3 SheHiardian Ease To acquaint Garden Members with new, select, and rare offerings available in the Plant Shop, the Bulletin will be featuring monthly selections in a con- tinuing report entitled “The Wardian Case.” Although the cultivation of orchids has been a relatively recent development, the knowledge and love of this plant family can be traced through the centuries to the Orient and ancient Greece. It was the Greek philosopher Theophrastus who first named them orchis, from which the name orchid was de- rived. The plantsmen of the 18th century initiated the interest in growing orchids for ornamental purposes. In 1731 Bletia verecunda was received in England, beginning the history of orchid importation and culti- vation as it is Known today. During the month of February, the Plant Shop will be featuring a fine selection of orchids in bud or sheath, ready to provide you with weeks of enjoy- ment. The Plant Shop is open daily 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Bey aed i hes ae Paphiopedilum (hybrid) 4 Angroecum sesquipedale Orchid Show Opens February 4 “Botanicals” for beginners and “cultivars” for home culture will abound at this year’s Orchid Show at the Garden! Orchids from the Garden’s world fa- mous collection which are suitable for home culture in the St. Louis area will be the feature of this year’s show. Among them will be gorgeous corsage orchids (cattleya species and related hybrids), mottled-leaf tropical lady’s-slippers (paphiopedilums), miniature cymbidiums and dancing ladies (oncidiums), ever- green dendrobiums, dazzling moth orchids (phalaenopsis), delightful epidendrums and an array of smaller botanical species from many exotic lands. Information on where to purchase suitable or- chids, how to care for them in the home, and where to learn more about them will accompany the special display which will be staged in the northern section of the Climatron. Flowering representatives of the rest of the Garden's collection of 700 different kinds of or- chids from the world over will also be on display throughout the Climatron. The Orchid Show, made possible in part through the cooperation of the Missouri Arts Council, will run from Saturday, Feb. 4, through Sunday, March 12. Seiwa-En Benefit The Japanese Garden Benefit, a very spe- cial event for a very special cause, is scheduled for Sunday, Feb. 26, from 5-9 p.m. Members have been asked to call 772-7600, extension 22, for details on ticket purchase. A&E Fund Drive Begins February 6 The annual St. Louis Arts and Education Fund Drive will begin on Monday, February 6, 1978, and the Garden, as one of the fund members of the Arts and Education Council, is vitally interested in supporting the drive. Howard M. Love, president and chief operating officer of National Steel Corporation, has been named chairman of the campaign, which has a goal of $1,800,000 — a 16% increase over 1977. Mr. Love said that the Arts and Education Council of Greater St. Louis is one of only three united arts’ funds in America to receive National Endowment for the Arts Challenge grants in 1977. The $250,000 grant is to be matched by $750,000 of new money by 1979. Mr. Love emphasized that the pressing need to increase private support for cultural and educational activities in St. Louis “places a special responsibility upon the business community here, because this is the source from which the greater portion of the goal must come.” He said that, although most people believe that cultural and educational activities are self-supporting, this is far from the truth. “St. Louis arts and education organizations do much better than the national average by consistently raising about three-quarters of their own operating budgets,” he said. “Inflation and increased demand for services has been widening the gap between what the agencies can raise for themselves, by ticket rev- enues and contributions, and what they need to stay in business. It is the responsibility of this Campaign to bridge this gap, and thus ensure that the arts and education activities that are so important to our com- munity, culturally, socially, and economically, are pre- served,” he explained. St. Louis is one of about 30 metropolitan areas in America that has adopted a unified concept of generating private support for community cultural activities. The annual Arts and Education Fund Campaign is conducted throughout Metropolitan St. Louis by the Arts and Education Council, a federation of 118 cultural and educational organizations that was formed in 1963. Member organizations fall into two categories: twelve which derive direct financial support from the Fund, and more than 100 regular and associate members who use the common services of the Council, such as printing, mailing, and promotion. Tom Hill, Artist, To Present Lecture Tom Hill, a member of the American Watercolor Society and National Academy of Design, will present an illustrated slide lecture and watercolor painting demonstration at the Garden on Friday, March 17, at 7:30 p.m. Mr. Hill is a resident of Tucson, Arizona, and will come to St. Louis under the sponsorship of the St. Louis Artists’ Guild. He is an instructor who brings a wealth of skill, experience and sensitivity to his . 7 , — " hi ng” ; Sy P 5 ‘ — la ae < i? < | ez A Tom Hill watercolor — uniqueness in approach and method classes, and offers his students a unique opportunity to learn his color approach and methods. Mr. Hill will follow the lecture with two daytime classes Saturday and Sunday, March 18 and 19, open to the first 35 persons who register. For further details, information, and registration please call the St. Louis Artists’ Guild, 961-1246. Members Getaway Weekend On March 4-6, visit the Philadelphia Flower Show, now rated as the best in the country; Morris Arboretum; and Longwood Gardens. Bob Dingwall, Chief Horticulturist at the Garden, will be the tour escort. For more information, please call the Member’s Office, 772-7600, extension 25. Members Are ‘special Pe Mrs. Carol Houghton models one of several ensembles from The Shop for Pappagallo during the fashion segment of a Members’ Fall Show Preview Party. Other fashions during the Preview Party are modelled by, below, from left, Mrs. %e Nora Stern, president of the aA Executive Board of the Members; Mrs. Carol Houghton; Mrs. Jane Coultas; and Mrs. Tatie Reese. © Santa Claus, a helpful elf and one small visitor take part in a children’s program during the Poinsettia Preview Party. te “ PX ei Fiat Show. " r=. “ * b N hm 7 ; = i N m., yy 4 Ae ) Garden members enjoy the refreshment side of a private party Mrs. Florence Morris, a Henry Shaw Associate, serves as held for high level members prior to the 1977 Fall honorary hostess at the private, pre-Fall Show party. Extravaganza Flower Show. New Volunteer Group Formed For Japanese Garden With spring rapidly approaching, concern at the Garden is turning toward the many outdoor tasks which will require great attention once the weather moderates and green things begin to appear. One area which will be in particular need of care is the one-year-old Japanese Garden development. To address this new and very real responsibility, a group of volunteers is being formed to be spe- cially trained to assist in maintenance of the Japanese Garden. Training sessions will include a slide presentation illustrating actual gardens in Japan, with individual attention to the techniques used in maintaining a Japanese garden. There will be talks and demonstra- tions concerning pruning, mulching, gravel raking, and general comments on keeping the garden tidy. Each volunteer will be given a special area to main- tain. Special lectures will be given on the history of our Japanese Garden so that volunteers will be pre- pared to answer questions that visitors might ask. The training sessions will take place on Monday, February 20, and Monday, February 27, from 10 a.m. until noon, in the auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. Those interested in joining this group have been asked to contact Carol Taxman at 772-7600, extension 53. Women Of Achievement Two devoted friends of the Garden — Lucianna Ross and Betty Sims — have been named 1977 Women of Achievement by the St. Louis Globe- Democrat. The Garden's sincere congratulations are offered for this well-deserved tribute. Among her many other achievements, Lucianna has served for many years as a guide at the Garden, and was co-chairman of the guide program for two years. Betty is one of five volunteer buyers who serve the Garden Gate Shop. She has also been active in the establishment of the Arts and Education hotline, through which teachers contact the Arts and Educa- tion Council to determine resources available through various agencies, including the Garden. The Garden joins the Globe-Democrat in salut- ing Lucianna and Betty as 1977 women of exceptional achievement. Members’ Lecture Series The Spring Lecture Series for members has been developed into a very interesting and exciting program. Each lecture will be presented at 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on Wednesdays, March 8 through April 19. The series will include lectures and demonstra- tions encompassing the various ways in which people use plants in art, medicine, agriculture, crafts, etc. Further information will be forthcoming to all mem- bers in a detailed brochure. 8 | Dr. Croat Appointed _ lo New | / Curatorship t i wi «Dr. Thomas B. Croat — K. Smith Jr., president of the Garden Board of Trustees, has announced the appointment of Dr. Thomas B. Croat as the first Paul A. Schulze Curator of Botany. The new curatorship, Mr. Smith said, honors the late Paul A. Schulze, for many years the owner of a St. Louis dairy products company. A third of Mr. Schulze’s estate was left to the Garden and added to its endowment program, Mr. Smith added. Dr. Croat, a member of the Garden’s staff since 1967, received his Ph.D. from the University of Kan- sas. For his first seven years at the Garden, his ac- tivities have centered on a study of the plants of Barro Colorado Island, a Smithsonian Institute research center located in Gatun Lake of Central America. The three-year study included numerous collecting trips to Panama. Thousands of Dr. Croat’s field observations and specimens will provide the basis for his soon-to- be-published book, “Flora of Barro Colorado Island.” This illustrated book will serve as a guide for approx- imately 1,360 species of plants on the island. Dr. Croat is an adjunct faculty member of Washington University and holds memberships in many national and international scientific societies. He is the recipient of numerous research grants, which have resulted in more than 25 published scien- tific papers. Mr. Smith said the curatorship is similar to a uni- versity professorship, in that “a curator is responsible for the care of a collection of plants, adds to the col- lection by gathering specimens on field expeditions, and studies the specimens to increase the knowledge of plants they represent.” Mr. Smith added that the Garden's collection consists of more than 2.5 million dried specimens preserved for scientific study. In 10 years Dr. Croat has added more than 40,000 individual plants to the Garden’s herbarium. By exchanging duplicates of the plants with other bo- tanical gardens and universities, he is responsible for the addition of well over 100,000 more specimens to the Garden’s herbarium collection. Dr. Peter Raven, director of the Garden, said Dr. Croat’s collections represent expeditions to nearly all of the countries of Latin America and Madagascar in East Africa. Gardening in St. Louis To cheer the dreary winter days, why not force some branches? Apples, azaleas, flowering quince, maples, plums, forsythia and pussy willows will all force easily. Select plants which need pruning and with pruning shears, remove two to three foot branches, a quarter of an inch in diameter at the base. Bring branches into the house and immerse in a tub of warm water for half an hour. Remove from water and make a two to three inch slit at the end of each branch. Place in a container in an area where the temperature is approximately 65 degrees. As soon as buds begin to open and show color, arrange in containers. Place in good light, which will intensify the colors. Some of the branches will root and can be potted in containers. Place in a cool area with temperatures kept above freezing until time to plant outdoors. This is also an excellent time for taking cuttings of shrubs or evergreens you wish to propagate. Select cuttings six to eight inches long from good wood. Dip the cut- tings in a rooting hormone and place in a mixture of one part peat moss to three parts perlite. Keep the mixture moderately moist, providing high humidity by enclosing them in a plastic bag or covering with plas- tic. Keep in an area where the temperature is 75 to 80 degrees. Bottom heat from a heating pad will insure better rooting. Cuttings should be well rooted in four- six weeks at which time they can be potted and placed in a hotbed or cold frame outdoors for planting later. Geranium Seeding Geranium seeds started this month will produce flowering plants by the 24th of May. Select fresh seed and sow in the normal manner, placing in an area where temperatures are about 70 degrees. Seed should be lightly covered and kept moderately moist. Germination should occur in 10 to 14 days and will continue for two weeks before all seedlings are ger- minated. When seedlings produce a second or third pair of true leaves, they are ready for transplanting into individual pots. Seedlings should be given good light and some sun or artificial light for 12 to 14 hours to encourage growth. Geraniums grown from seed are available in a wide range of colors, are compact growers, self branching, and continue to flower during the summer. The seed geraniums are superior to many of the older varieties grown from cuttings. Hobby greenhouses require more attention as plants begin to grow and day length increases. Check to be certain that insects are under control. Control white fly by using the new Pyrethrin SBP 1382, applying underneath the leaves as well as on the top. Check for red spider, tiny mites which feed by sucking the juices and are often first noticed because of a fine webbing over the plant. Pentac alternated with Kelthane applied once every three days for at least four applications will control red spider. Plants which have become potbound should now be moved into containers at least two sizes larger. Start gloxinias, begonias and caladiums for later use. Sow seeds of geraniums, impatiens, begonias followed later by some of the annuals which require less time to come into flowering. Seedlings should be sown in sterile mix, such as Jiffy Mix, barely covering the seed and keeping it moderately moist until germination oc- curs. Seeds do best in a temperature of 75 to 80 degrees, supplied with bottom heat which will main- tain uniform soil temperatures. Transplant seedlings as soon as the second or third pair of leaves are showing, spacing adequately. Removal of the grow- ing tip to cause branching in some may be required several weeks after the initial planting stage. Spring Bulbs Spring bulbs such as tulips and daffodils should now be forcing readily, and as the month progresses, less time is required for bringing indoors until flower- ing. Gerbera, which tolerates hot, dry summers, is an excellent plant for growing in the St. Louis area. Seed should be started this month and takes approximately 10 to 14 days for good germination. Transfer seedlings to three-inch pots where they can be grown. In late April plants can be set outdoors in a permanent area where they will start flowering and continue flowering all summer. They make excellent cut flowers for floral arrangements and come in a wide range of colors. Large plants can be potted in the fall and carried through the winter and, if given regular feedings of liquid fertilizer, will reward the grower with constant blooms throughout the winter months for floral arrang- ing or for decorative pots indoors. Impatiens, which come in a wide range of colors, should be started late in February and sown on Jiffy Mix; do not cover the seed as good light is needed for germination which takes 14 to 20 days. In growing seedlings watch for damping off, a.bacterial disease, which can be ex- tremely detrimental. If damping off is apparent, apply a fungicide to the pot immediately and remove in- fected seedlings. Give plenty of air and keep on the drier side for a day or two. (Continued on Page 10) 9 (Continued from Page 9) Vegetable Plants Vegetable seeds should be ordered this month and, in fact, early cool crops should be started either indoors or planted directly in the garden. Peas sown in February will give a good crop in early spring. Cab- bage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts and spinach sown this month will be ready to eat in late March or April. During mild weather, prune grape vines and thin fruit trees. Remove sucker growth and head back branches to control height and increase flower spurs. Remove damaged wood. Do not remove mulches during mild spells as it is much too early. Wait until late in March before doing this. Check plants for heav- ing due to heavier frost, and firm back into the soil. Check along foundation plantings at roof overhangs to make sure soil has not dried out and if need be, take the hose and water heavily on a mild day to in- sure sufficient moisture. Areas where salt has been used around icy winter walks should be heavily wa- tered in mild spells to carry away excess salt and prevent burning. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Susie McNamara of the Garden staff, left, works with Gary Williams and Michele Williams, students from Mt. Carmel School participating in the Garden-St. Louis Board of Education Magnet School project. A Member's Guide To Garden Organizations Because of their strong interest in botany, hor- ticulture and related subjects, Garden members are active in a wide variety of plant societies and garden clubs. Many members, although interested in becom- ing more active in garden organizations, have diffi- culty determining the addresses or names of society officials. As a member service, the following is a list- ing of popular plant societies and garden clubs. PLANT SOCIETIES The Rose Society of Greater St. Louis, Pres. William E. Ware, 5340 Springtail Dr., St. Louis, MO American Rose Society, Box 30,000, Shreveport, LA 71130 St. Louis Herb Society, Pres. Mrs. Wm. Hallett, 134 Valley Rd., Webster Groves, MO 63119 Herb Society of America, 300 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02115, Mrs. W. B. Clark, Secretary Greater St. Louis Chapter International Hobby Greenhouse Club, Mrs. Robert Slifer, 1450 Carmen Rd., St. Louis, MO National Hobby Greenhouse Assoc., Box 695-F. Wal- lingford, CT 06492 The Boxwood Society of the Mid West, Mrs. Mary Gamble, 23 Bon-Price Terraces, St. Louis, MO 63132 The American Boxwood Society, Box 85, Boyce, VA 22620 10 Henry Shaw Cactus Society, Mrs. Betty Demzik, #7 Frontenac Estates, St. Louis, MO 63131 International Cactus and Succulent Society, Box 691, Breckenridge, Texas 76024 American Horticulture Society, Mount Vernon, VA 22121 St. Louis Horticultural Society, Mrs. Jessie Busch, 205 Slocum, St. Louis, MO African Violet Society Of Greater St. Louis, Mrs. Fred Tretter, 4988 Scholmyr, St. Louis, MO The African Violet Society of America, PO. Box 1326, Knoxville, TN 37901 Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis, Mrs. John Niess, 77 Hawthorne Ct., Kirkwood, MO 63122 American Orchid Society, Inc., Botanical Museum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02183 The Bromeliad Society, RO. Box 3279, Santa Monica, CA 90403 Organic Garden Club, Mrs. Chas. Belt, 2559 Oak Spring Lane, St. Louis, MO 63131 Bonsai Society of Greater St. Louis, Mrs. Landon R. Hill, 1029 Camelot Gardens Dr., St. Louis, MO 63125 Bonsai Clubs International, 445 Blake Street, Menlo Park, CA 94025 The American Bonsai Society, 953 South Shore Drive, Lake Waukomis, MO 64151 Greater St. Louis Dahlia Society, Ellis Evans, 5460 Delmar, St. Louis, MO Great Rivers Chapter of The American Holly Society, Mary Nell McDaniel, 705 S. Busey Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 The Holly Society Of America, Inc., 407 Fountain Green Road, Bel Air, Maryland 21014 Indoor Light Garden Society Of America, Mrs. James C. Martin, 432 Powell Drive, Bay Village, OH 44140 American Daffodil Society, 89 Chichester Rd., New Canaan, CT 06840 American Fern Society, Dr. James D. Caponetti, Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society, Mrs. J. W. Rowe, Box 174, New Milford, CT 06776 American Gourd Society, Box 274, Mount Gilead, OH 43338 American Hibiscus Society, Mrs. Gorden Fore, Rt. 1, Box 491 F, Fort Meyers, FL 33905 American Hosta Society, Paul Aden, 980 Stanton Ave., Baldwin, N.Y. 11510 American Penstemon Society, Howard McCready, 1547 Monroe St., Red Bluff, CA 96080 American Ivy Society, 128 West 58th St., New York, NY 10019 American Camellia Society, Box 1217 Fort Valley, GA 31030, Milton Braun, Secretary American Begonia Society, Inc., 6333 W. 84th PI., Los Angeles, CA 90045 American Hemerocallis Society, Signal Mountain, TN Sort The American Magnolia Society, Mrs. Virginia Mel- nick, Rt. 5, Box 532, Cocord Road, Asheville, NC 28803 American Peony Society, Greta N. Kessenich, 250 Interlachen Rd., Hopkins, MN 55343 American Rhododendron Society, Mrs. Bernice Lamb, 2232 N. E. 78th Ave., Portland, OR 97213 American Rock Garden Society, Milton S. Mulloy, 90 Pierpont Rd., Waterbury, CT 06705 Cymbidium Society Of America, Inc., Box 208, Whit- tier, CA 90608 The Delphinium Society, Phillip H. Smith, 7540 Ridgeway Road, Minneapolis, MN 55426 National Chrysanthemum Society Inc., 394 Central Ave., Mountainside, NJ 07092 National Fuchsia Society, 10934 E. Flory St., Whittier, CA 90606 The North American Lily Society, Inc., Mrs. Betty Cliford, Rt. 1, Box 395, Colby, WI 54421 American Iris Society, Carol Ramsey, Secretary, 6518 Beachy Avenue, Wichita, KA 67206 Cactus/Succulent Society of America, Inc., 2631 Fairgreen Avenue, Arcadia, CA 91006, Virginia Mar- tin, President. GARDEN CLUBS Men’s Garden Club of America, 5360 Merie Hoy Rad., Des Moines, IO 50323 Men’s Garden Club of Webster Groves, William Macy, 205 Newport Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63119 Men’s Garden Club of Kirkwood, Lloyd Clay, 42 Thorncliff Lane, St. Louis, MO 63122 Men’s Garden Club of Ritenour, Raymond Winking, 2637 Terri Lee Court, St. Louis, MO 63114 Men’s Garden Club of Richmond Heights, Ralph A. Yourtree, 7418 Arlington Dr., St. Louis, MO 63117 Men’s Garden Club of Florissant, C. W. Cherry, 75 Eldorado Dr., St. Louis, MO 63031 Men’s Garden Club of Parkway/Chesterfield, Hollis D. Sisk, 329 Ridge Meadows Drive, St. Louis, MO 63017 Men’s Garden Club of South County, Edward C. Dreas, 4866 Longtree Drive, St. Louis, MO 63128 National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc., 4401 Magnolia Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 MEMBERSHIPS — DECEMBER 1977 Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, Ill Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS — DECEMBER 1977 SPONSORING Mrs. W. B. McMillan CONTRIBUTING Mr. James J. Albanese, Jr. Mr. Edmund T. Allen Mr./Mrs. V. R. Bohiman Mr./Mrs. Eugene H. Buder Mr./Mrs. John W. Close Mr./Mrs. Clifford W. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Steven J. Nissenbaum Miss Isabelle R. Schwerdtmann Mr./Mrs. Raymond T. Willsey NEW MEMBERSHIPS SUSTAINING Dr. Frederick G. Meyer CONTRIBUTING Mr. Dean Barnett Mr./Mrs. Jerome Brasch Mr./Mrs. Jimmy A. Corbet Mr./Mrs. Parker W. Fritschle Dr./Mrs. M. W. Strickberger HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson Blair Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mr. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummert, Ill Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis 11 REGULAR Mr./Mrs. Walter E. Abell Mr./Mrs. Frank A. Absher Miss Emily H. Baker Mr./Mrs. J. W. Baker Mr./Mrs. James Barczak Mr./Mrs. George A. Barth Dr./Mrs. Richard D. Bebermeyer Mr./Mrs. George F. Bergfeld Miss Ellen Bern Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Bertram Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Biedenharn Maxine Blaine Mr. Michael D. Breeding Mrs. Marion Bryon Mrs. Dorothy D. Buehrle Mr./Mrs. Howard R. Buermann Mr. Jimmy B. Callens Mr./Mrs. Richard Casperson Mr./Mrs. Walter T. Clark Mrs. Lee Cole Contemporary Productions Mrs. Mary E. Cordes Mr./Mrs. John Cort Mr./Mrs. Tim Dasho Mr./Mrs. Eugene Davenport Mr. Larry E. Davis Mrs. Daniel Davison Mr. Carl D. Decker Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Dew Mr./Mrs. F. Allen Diemler Mr. Patrick Dougherty Mrs. Helen C. Einig Mr. Richard Ernst Mr./Mrs. James G. Forsyth Mrs. Ethel V. Foy Mr./Mrs. John J. Gallagher Mr./Mrs. J. M. Gambill Mr./Mrs. Phil Garagnani Mr./Mrs. Wm. D. George, Jr. Bishop and Mrs. Robert Goodrich Mr./Mrs. Joseph Graminette Dr./Mrs. Michael Gutwein Ms. Barbara Haas Mr./Mrs. A. S. Hamphill Mr. David Hanpeter Mr./Mrs. Burton R. Harmon Mr./Mrs. James F. Healy Mr./Mrs. George S. Hecker Mr./Mrs. James L. Hedlund Mr. Wm. L. Held Mr./Mrs. Fred Wm. Hoffert, III Mr./Mrs. Charles C. Hoke Bro. Edward J. Hotchkiss Mr./Mrs. Eugene H. Hoy Mr./Mrs. James W. Huck Mrs. Edith Huff Mr./Mrs. Alan P. Kastendieck Ms. Ann P. Kastendieck Mr./Mrs. Aron Katzman Mr./Mrs. Lester Kendall Mr./Mrs. David L. Kohfeld Mr./Mrs. William R. Kraus Mr./Mrs. George W. Lange, Sr. Mr. James E. Lassuer Mr./Mrs. Vernon Laux Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Leven Mr./Mrs. Hans F. Lindemans Mr./Mrs. W. C. Link Ms. Rebecca Lippold Mr./Mrs. Walter C. Longolius Mr./Mrs. J. Alan Lougeay Jim and Diann Lutz Miss Ann MacCarthy Mrs. Pat Martin Mr./Mrs. Mark Matulka Mr. Frederick E. May Mr./Mrs. Thos. H. McCrackin, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James J. McGill Mr./Mrs. Terrence C. McMahon Mr./Mrs. Warren S. McSwain, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Charles Mittler Mrs. Milton A. Moravek, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Dean Mordhorst Mr./Mrs. D. E. Mueller Mrs. Alice K. Murphy Ms. Laura Nahm Mr. James Nix Mr./Mrs. Hugh O. Nourse Mr./Mrs. Robert J. O'Donnell Mrs. Edward A. Opp Dr./Mrs. Frank H. Orlick Mr. Eugene Pasetti Mr. Kevin Martin Mr./Mrs. Elvin Pauls Mr./Mrs. Thomas H. Pearson Mr./Mrs. E. J. Peltier Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Petersburg Mr./Mrs. Frank J. Purcell Mr./Mrs. Carl C. Rasche Mr./Mrs. A. C. Reaban Mr./Mrs. Kevin Regan Mrs. Joseph A. Ribaudo Mr./Mrs. Frank J. Riegerix Mr. Bertram W. Risch Mrs. A. W. Roeger Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Rogers Mrs. G. M. Rolwing Mr./Mrs. Richard S. Rosenthal Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Sackmann Dr./Mrs. P. B. Salanga Barbara Sapala Mr./Mrs. George Sato Miss Bette Sauerburger Mr. Thomas F. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. C. J. Schmid Ms. Joyce Schowengerdt Mr./Mrs. Joseph Schraut, Sr. Mrs. Henry G. Sewing, Jr. Mr. H. Kris Sewing Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Shelton Mr. Grover C. Sibley, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Gary L. Stansbery Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Stites Mr./Mrs. Denis L. Stotler Mr./Mrs. Lyndall D. Swinford Mr./Mrs. Michael Toney Mr./Mrs. J. M. Torretta Mr./Mrs. Raymond Vivyan, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Charles G. Vogt, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John Waelliner Mr./Mrs. Thomas Walker Mr./Mrs. Dennis Warner Mr./Mrs. Kimball Wells Nike and Michelle Westbrook Mr./Mrs. David White Wies Drywall & Construction Corp. Mr./Mrs. Merlin F. Willmann Miss Mary T. Woods Mrs. Erma Yanko Mr./Mrs. Earl W. Yehling Mr. Kenneth B. Yerkes Mrs. Eunice L. Young Mr./Mrs. F. W. Zelle DECEMBER TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. George Giessing’s Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Carl F. Kottmeier In Honor of Phil Kretchmar’s Special Birthday Michael and Lois Weigert In Honor of Mrs. Carl Wegner Forsythia Garden Club In Memory of Miss Nina K. Bernd Mrs. Harold E. Adams Jack and Mary Dell Burrows Julia M. Butler Triebie Chapman D. W. Hadley Estell Landauer Frances N. Lethen Mrs. Charles H. Luecking M. E. Nitzschmann Lucile Pearson Mrs. George W. Pieksen Margaret Sobolewski E. A. Talley Elizabeth Waller Augusta Willmering Mrs. J. A. Woodson In Memory of Katharine Hart Bryan Loraine M. Heider In Memory of Mr. R. Walston Chubb Dr./Mrs. Arthur H. Stein In Memory of Suzanne Gulick Lorraine C. Bollwerk Alice K. Wood Mary A. Wood In Memory of Mrs. George K. Hasegawa Audrey Marsh King Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Metzger Dr. Tad Oshiai Mr./Mrs. Mineo Okamoto In Memory of Christena D. Kraeft Karen Davis Mr./Mrs. Thomas Hunsaker Jean Wheeler In Memory of Mabel Kurtz Cora and Bill Beggs Pam and Chuck Johnston In Memory of Nancy Saufnauer Mashek Mr./Mrs. David Winston In Memory of Emily Sharp McLatchie Kathryn Sharp Comfort and Kay In Memory of Robert C. Pohle Mr./Mrs. Ronald L. Pohle In Memory of Norman Schaumburg Lisette E. Schaumburg In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Harold W. Schaus’ son Elizabeth B. Piper In Memory of Mrs. Charles Russell Mr./Mrs. Henry T. Schlapp In Memory of Mr. Roy Schoening Winifred K. Magdsick In Memory of Mrs. Edward Spellerberg Mrs. Joseph H. Harper In Memory of Dr. Albert Stutsman Dr. Richard J. Ferry Mr./Mrs. George E. Leutwiler In Memory of Mrs. Louis Vagnino Forsythia Garden Club In Memory of Mr. William G. von Weise Society of Manufacturing Engineers In Memory of Everett Woods, Sr. David H. Cohen MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Garden Drive Passes Halfway Mark The Garden’s $6 million capital improvement fund drive, launched last August to support construc- tion of a new Visitor Orientation/Education Center and other Garden improvements, has exceeded the half-way point in campaign pledges and contribu- tions, it was announced by Robert R. Hermann, cam- paign chairman. “As of the middle of February,” Mr. Hermann said, “we have received contributions and pledges totalling $3.6 million — 60 per cent of our campaign goal of $6 million. If this level of strong support con- tinues, both from individuals and organizations in the St. Louis area, we should reach our goal by the end of the year.” Major gifts pledged recently to the campaign in- clude a $30,000 contribution from General Dynamics Corp., a $30,000 contribution from Pet Inc. and a $25,000 gift from the Mallinckrodt Fund, Inc. “Because of this kind of support from individuals and philanthropic organizations in the St. Louis area,” Mr. Hermann said, “one segment of our campaign — the Advance Gifts Committee — has acquired con- tributions and pledges representing 86 per cent of its goal.” The campaign was launched last August to gen- erate funds to be used for capital construction and various outdoor improvements at the Garden. The major component is the “Crystal Palace,” a building to house the educational programs, visitor orientation facilities, and a new and enlarged floral display hall. ore ; (Continued on Page 2) Upon completion of the Garden's new Visitor Orientation/Education Center, the historic Main Gate complex, left, will no longer serve as the principal entrance for the hundreds of thousands of visitors who come to the Garden each year. The Main Gate, however, will remain intact as a significant and historic element of the Garden grounds. Volume LXVI Number 3 March 1978 GARDEN DRIVE... (Continued from Page 1) Other components include a building to house all of the Garden's support services and expanded park- ing accommodations. The campaign is only the second capital drive in the Garden’s history. It was conceived as the final phase of a Master Plan, initiated in 1972, which has resulted in a near doubling of all Garden activities. During the past five years, the display houses have been renovated and the collections enlarged. The Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden and the 14-acre Japanese Garden have been created. The Shoen- berg and the Shapleigh Fountains have been con- Structed and a start has been made on refurbishing and restoring the Garden’s architectural treasures. In the same period, attendance has increased to nearly 400,000 visitors annually, membership has climbed from 2,000 to more than 9,000, and the number taking part in the broad range of educational programs has exceeded 40,000. The new facility will permit an increase in pro- grams offered to the public, both cooperative pro- grams with the St. Louis Public Schools as well as adult programs. Adjacent, lighted parking will make possible expanded evening events and facilitate ex- panded show schedules for the floral display area. New Gate Prices Effective March 1 To meet the rising costs of operation, the Garden Board of Trustees has approved a general increase in the Garden gate admission price schedule, effective March 1. Under the new schedule the current adult admission price of $1.50 will be raised to $2.00 and the children’s rate of $.50 to $.75. In addition, the children’s category covering six- to 12-year-olds will be expanded to cover six- to 16-year-olds. Gate receipts realized under the new pricing schedule will also present the Garden with the oppor- tunity to generate additional revenue from another source. The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has stipulated that revenue increases resulting from the new schedule may be used as matching funds in connection with a potential $500,000 NEH-Garden grant. The gate admission price increases are the first at the Garden since 1976. Education Courses Spring classes are filling up, so please check your brochures for the courses of your choice. A new course will be offered in April which is designed to introduce fundamental herbarium methods. Renovation Completed at Tower Grove House The renovated dining room of Tower Grove House has been completed. Resplendent with new wallpaper and an oriental rug, the room is restored to . ks its Victorian authenticity. Tower Grove House hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily; fee $1.00 adults, $.50 children; group rates available; members free. 1 Mrs. Jane Coultas, manager of Tower Grove House, inside the home's recently-renovated dining room. CAMELOT and ‘Conservation’ Many of the Bulletin’s readers may associate the word “conservation” with the preservation of nature and of endangered plants and animals. In library and museum practice, however, “conservation” has another specialized meaning: the maintenance, pre- servation, and restoration of library materials and museum artifacts. For many years, the Garden's library has de- voted a considerable amount of time and resources to the conservation of the many treasures in its collec- tions. This year, through a generous grant from the Arts Development Committee of the Arts and Educa- tion Council of Greater St. Louis, the staff of the lib- rary’s bindery will be able to conduct preservation work on several hundred volumes spanning the first 300 years of printing. Treatment of these volumes can range from the simple cleaning of leather binding to a full restoration of a deteriorated volume. In the latter case it is frequently necessary to remove the existing binding, repair torn pages and strengthen folds, clean individual leaves and plates, resew the book, and re- place the binding with one similar to the original in materials, style, and techniques. Other materials are being put in special pamphlet folders or storage boxes to prevent further deterioration. Because the library is such a rich storehouse of scarce botanical literature, the support of the Arts & Education CAMELOT fund in continuing our conser- vation efforts is significant not only to researchers on the Garden’s staff but throughout the entire interna- tional botanical community. ‘Swing into Spring’ The Garden Gate Shop is bursting with new merchandise purchased in January at the Atlantic City Glass and China Show and the Gift Market in New York. New lines purchased include handsome enameled cookware, charming teapots for fun or fancy parties, and new linens. By request of our many customers, a new line of cards will be introduced for those special holiday events. There is a new line of jewelry in addition to the favorites that we carry. The book collection includes a variety of new books for spring. New items also include pots, baskets, plates, silver, brass and pewter. Colors are muted in the new china line, which include soft salmon and jade green. Spices, jams, jellies, British candies are also available — the perfect gifts are all new in the Garden Gate Shop. Easter this year will be preceded by the Garden Gate Shop’s annual open house on Wednesday, March 8. Cocktails will be served after 5 p.m. Come join our celebration of spring. If you are interested in volunteering in the Shop, please call. See you all on March 8! Members’ Tour of English Homes and Gardens Join John Elsley, the Garden's curator of hardy plants, for this delightful trip to London and the sur- rounding English countryside. This will mark the third such trip to England offered by the Garden. The tour leaves St. Louis on Friday, May 19, arriv- ing in London on May 20. The Tower Hotel will be home for the next four days with visits to gardens in Sussex and Berkshire, and a full day at the outstand- ing Chelsea Flower Show. On May 24, we travel to Dorset and stay at the Post House Hotel in Sher- borne. Excursions will be made to Tintinhull House, Montacute House, Stourhead, and Barrington Court, which boast spectacular gardens of their own. On May 27, we move on to Derbyshire where accommodations will be at the Palace Hotel in Bux- ton. Visits to Chatsworth House, Haddon Hall, Hardwick Hall and the Derby China Museum are planned from this point. On May 30, we leave for Suffolk and the Angel Hotel at Bury St. Edmunds. In this area, we will see Melbourne Hall, Blicking Hall, Heveningham Hall, and Bressingham Gardens. On June 2, we return to London. A special tour of the Tower of London is planned, conducted by R. Allen Brown, Professor of Medieval History at Kings College. We return to St. Louis on June 4. Full English Breakfast included throughout the tour, all lunches but two, and 12 dinners. Schedules Subject to variation. Rates per person: $1975, double occupancy; $2105, single accommodations. Reservations limited. If you are interested and would like a brochure, please contact the Members’ Office at 772-7600, ext. 25. T. K. Smith, Jr. Reelected Board President Tom K. Smith, dr. Tom K. Smith, Jr., who has headed the board for the past three years, has been re-elected president of the Garden board of trustees. Mr. Smith is senior vice-president of the Monsanto Company. Other officers re-elected at the board’s January meeting are Robert R. Hermann, first vice-president; Daniel L. Schlafly, second vice-president; and Charles W. Orner, secretary. Mr. Hermann is presi- dent of Standard Container Company. Mr. Schlafly is president and board chairman of the Arkansas Be- verage Company. Mr. Orner is Garden controller. a The Plant Shop presents Oxallis tricolor ‘Au- reoreticulata’ as the March feature in the Wardian Case. One of the more colorful of the 850 species in the Oxalidaceae family, Oxallis tricolor provides the grower with bright yellow and green foliage year ‘round. For those who can provide proper cultural conditions, the plant will respond frequently with small, pink, bell-like flowers. Because the distribution of the more decorative oxallis is widespread in the southern hemisphere, this pot plant performs best in our winter season, benefit- ing from the filtered sun and cooler temperatures. Ex- treme heat spells sure death and higher temperatures often induce a dormancy during which the plant dies back and awaits more favorable environmental condi- tions. The soil should be kept moist at all times. Fer- tilize monthly with any well balanced plant food. Addi- tional plants can be obtained by division. The Plant Shop, retailing daily from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Garden Takes Part In Rare Plant Study The Garden and the Missouri Department of Conservation will work jointly to compile an index of all locations where plants considered to be rare or endangered in the state have been collected by botanists. There are currently 373 species on Mis- souri’s list of rare and endangered plants, a list com- piled by the Department of Conservation with advice from botanists throughout the state. This program is coordinated by the Conservation Department's recently created Natural History Sec- tion, headed by Mr. John Wiley. The initial portion of the new study is centered around a search of the Garden's herbarium and seven other herbaria with major holdings of Missouri plants. Each plant collection deposited in a herbarium has a label with the name of the plant, the collector, the date of collection, and sometimes additional in- formation. In this study, a photograph is taken of each collection label, and the information transferred later to special forms. The final part of the project will be to place all information into a computer data bank. This will provide scientists with the most precise and up- to-date information available on the past distribution of these rare plants. In addition, the information will become a guide for determining which areas might still support wild populations of these plants. Rick Daley, head of the Garden's Ecological Services Department, and David Spellman, research associate at the Garden, are the principal inves- tigators for the study. 4 Oxallis tricolor ‘Aureoreticulata’. Herbarium Data, 1977 The Garden herbarium, a valuable scientific re- source and one of the most complete collections of botanical specimens in the world, made more than 68,000 acquisitions and loaned more than 22,000 specimens to institutions and individuals during 1977, according to statistics compiled by herbarium staff members. What follows is a statistical summary of herbarium activities for 1977, with similar figures for 1976 included for purposes of comparison. Acquisitions 1977 1976 Staff collections Originals 15,296 10,320 Duplicates, for exchange 49,300 31,290 Purchases Originals 11,708 13,285 Duplicates, for exchange 11,192 12,998 Exchanges 29,024 33,785 Gifts 12,001 5,459 Total acquisitions for addition to collection 68,029 62,849 Mountings Specimens newly mounted 86,296 99,046 Specimens mounted when received, stamped 3,511 4,309 Specimens newly inserted 89,807 103,355 Backlog (31 December) 15,099 20,582 Repairs Specimens repaired 23,405 10,208 Specimens stamped 26,662 797 Total 50,067 11,005 Loans sent, total 22,609 18,517 to U.S. institutions 17,980 14,289 to foreign institutions 4,629 4,228 to students 8,739 8,876 to professionals 13,870 9,641 Visitors, total 148 179 from U.S. 133 158 from abroad 15 21 Joni / Duggins, ~ Artist The Bulletin has taken on a new look since De- cember. We hope that you have noticed and enjoyed the whimsical drawings which have appeared these past months within these pages. They were done by a young woman on the staff who spreads a special kind of magic over all who know her. Joni Duggins, Special Events coordinator, plays many other roles as well. She has been a butterfly for the Plant Shop's spring sale and the man from outer space for the education session, “The Green Machine Experi- ence.” Joni comes by her magical talents through her education and experience. She has taught arts and crafts at summer camps, and has been an art teacher. Her career at the Garden began as a volun- teer in the Plant Shop two years ago. She was later hired part-time in Horticultural Services before be- coming special events coordinator last summer. In addition, Joni has done some excellent draw- ings for Erna Eisendrath’s book, Missouri Wildflowers of the St. Louis Area, which will be published by the Garden in March. Spring Flower Show Get in the mood for spring by attending the Gar- den’s annual Spring Flower Show March 18 through April 16. New features will include Japanese, rose, and patio gardens. Blossoms will cascade from hang- ing baskets, and shrubs and trees bedecked with blossoms will fill the Floral Display Hall. Tulips, daf- fodils, hyacinths, cyclamen, begonias, primroses, lilies, and geraniums all will add bright splashes of color to the display. Come join our celebration of spring. Hours: 10 a.m.-4:30 p.m. daily. The Spring Flower Show is made possible in part through the cooperation of the Missouri Arts Council. Highlighted during the spring show will be an exhibition of watercolors by the noted local artist, James Godwin Scott, whose work has focused ex- tensively on scenes of the Soulard area of St. Louis and the Mississippi River. Mr. Scott, whose work can be found in private and corporate collections in Mis- souri and throughout the country, has studied with such notables as Robert Brachman, Frank Nuderscher and Jack Marriott. 1978 Members’ spring Lecture Series People Using Plants is the theme of this series. Par- ticipants will explore the various ways people use plants in medicine, art, agriculture, sculpture, orna- mental gardening, housekeeping, and the timetable of nature. The schedule includes: March 8 “Herb Uses and Abuses”; Dr. Walter Lewis, Professor of Biology at Washington University, relates the medic- inal purpose of plants. March 15 “Plants as a Springboard to Creativity’; St. Louis watercolor artist, James Godwin Scott, demonstrates how one artist selects from nature in making a creative statement. March 22 “Food, Famine, and Fantasy”; Ken Peck, Director of Education at the Garden, gives us a look at agriculture and the comparative energy levels required of man to obtain and produce food. Includes a special display of grains and spices. March 29 “Gourdaculture” by Louan. A lecture/ demonstration on sculpture work using gourds as the basic form. Includes a dis- play of her unique artistic creations. April 5 “20th Century English Gardens” by John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants. This slide presentation shows gardening as a visual art form, clearly expressed by the careful usage of plants. April 12 “Housekeeping with Herbs” — Barbara O'Brien; “How to Plan and Plant an Herb Garden” — Madeline Stribling. Both ladies are members of the Herb Society and will conduct a panel discussion fol- lowing their lectures. April 19 “Surprises of the Seasons’ by Lee Mason. An illustrated lecture depicts the beauty and exquisite handiwork of nature in plant life and animal life through the seasons. All photographed in and around St. Louis. Spring Preview Party The Spring Flower Show Preview Party will be held from 5 to 7:30 p.m. on Friday, March 17 in the Floral Display House. This special event for members will be sponsored by Lily Pulitzer of St. Louis, Glad- ders Barge Line, Inc., St. Louis Ship, Federal Barge Lines, Inc. and National Marine Service, Inc. A high- light of this show will be a special watercolor exhibit on display, featuring Soulard and the Mississippi by St. Louis artist, James Godwin Scott. 5 Gardening in St. Louis Garden activities begin this month — the time to plant early crops. Many people are considering raised beds for growing vegetables and flowers. Raised beds are productive and you will wish you had built them sooner. Advantages are that the soil drains faster and warms up more quickly. This results in vegetables maturing earlier, weeding, watering and harvesting is easier, water soaks in rather than run- ning off, earthworms thrive in the moist environment, yields of vegetables increase because the soil is deeper, gardens look neater, soil compaction is eliminated because you rarely step into the beds. If your budget is tight, you can get by without wooden frames as the Chinese have done for cen- turies. Mix compost with sand and soil to build up beds six inches higher than the surrounding area. Beds without frames tend to erode where rainfall is heavy and to be somewhat drier than is desired for vegetables. Raised beds need not be expensive. Frames can be built from used or rough lumber and painted or dipped in copper napthenate, a wood pre- servative that is not toxic to plants. Do not use creo- sote or copper sulfate as these compounds can kill plants. Frames should be six inches deep and not more than four to five feet wide. This width allows the gardener to work from both sides without stepping into the bed and compacting the soil. Wood Chips and Straw One of the advantages of raised beds must be experienced to be appreciated. Gardeners who have clay soils know not to walk into the garden when the soil is moist and sticky. With raised beds you can scatter wood chips, sawdust or straw down the walk- ways to keep down weeds and to make the garden accessible at all times. You will find yourself starting the garden earlier and working it later in the year. It would be a mistake to fill frames with ordinary soil because it tends to crust and shrink away from the frames making thorough watering difficult. Mix sand, soil and compost, or dump in two inches of soil and dig in three inches of organic matter such as peat moss or well rotted manure. You will need to anchor the frames with stakes driven every four to six feet. Drive them outside the frame or you will be forever tangling with them when you spade the soil. Use gal- vanized nails in construction. Early vegetables should be planted immediately to take advantage of the weather. Cabbage, cauli- flower, brussels sprouts, spinach, onions, beets Should be planted immediately and can then be har- vested before late April. These plants, if planted later, will take longer to mature. Framed beds are also an ideal way to grow cut flowers for the home. Foiling Insects One method of preventing insect infestation is to use aluminum foil. Prepare the garden for planting, 6 then place strips of aluminum foil over the area to be planted. Sink the edges in the soil to keep it from blowing away. Cut small slits and insert seeds into moist soil. If you have problems with snails, slugs or earwigs, scatter a small amount of bait under the foil. The foil tends to discourage certain kinds of disease-bearing bugs. The reflected light from the foil drives them away instead of allowing them to suck plant juices and inject disease organisms through the wounds. Cantaloupe, melon, cucumber and squash are plants which benefit most from floral mulches be- Cause they are susceptible to bug-carried wilt dis- eases, especially when seedlings are young. Grow more on less land. One of the earmarks of a good gardener is the ability to interplant small, fast-growing vegetables be- tween rows of slower growing varieties. Where inten- Sive gardening is practiced, there is little bare earth visible and this can be accomplished in raised beds as well. Suggested interplanting combinations are radish with parsley, curly cress with beets, endive with Peppers, and mustard greens with bush beans. The fast growing vegetables are harvested, leaving space for the larger plants of the later maturing vegetables to develop. Wide, spreading crops, such as winter Squash and pumpkins are often interplanted with Sweet corn or popcorn. The close interplanting tends to shade the ground, cutting down on weed growth and helping to hold more moisture in the soil. It is important in preparing the soil to add super- phosphate. Add four to five pounds per thousand Square feet, and three to four pounds of a balanced fertilizer such as 5-10-5 or 6-12-12 just prior to plant- ing, working both in well. In early April my new book, The Garden Answers, will be coming off the press. It answers more than 1,600 questions based on gardening in the St. Louis area over the last two years. There will be more information in the next Bulletin. Plant Problems A number of plant problems, due to the severe winter weather, will soon become evident. Similar to last year, Magnolia grandiflora |eaves have turned brown and many will shed their leaves. Few trees were severely damaged last year as periodically this plant, although evergreen, can shed its leaves, pro- duce new leaves and flower during the summer months. Blooms, however, are smaller than usual. Present indications are that roses have frozen back more severely. This was due in part to the wet fall, which kept plants growing so that they did not harden off as much as usual. The prolonged snow period will have detrimental effects on some plants, such as azaleas, since the snow, although a good mulch, reflects the light, warm- ing the part of the plant that is above the snow line, causing some killing. Gardeners are advised to wait until plants start to show new growth and then prune back to good wood. Don’t remove the plants too early because plants can recover and make good growth during the spring and summer months, as experi- enced last year. Also, due to the heavy snow and ice, heavy use of salt along walks may require careful leaching by hosing water continuously over the area to prevent root damage. Pruning of roses and removal of mulch should not be done until after the first of April. It is better to wait until all signs of cold weather are past and then gradually remove the mulch over a period of a week to 10 days. Then prune back the required amount, according to variety and the amount of damage. If pruning is completed by mid-April, roses will flower about the third week in May — normal for the season. By late April, most trees and shrubs should be leafing out and at that time one can begin the pruning to remove winter damage. It may be necessary in some plants to cut some wood that has not been damaged to balance the shape of the plant. Also, the severe winter again points out the need to apply good mulch as soon as possible around these plants and to make certain that by fall there is a mulch of six to eight inches deep around the base to prevent severe dam- age to the root system. Avoid overfertilization of plants which have been damaged. When plants are making good growth, if desired, a light application of balanced fertilizer such as 5-10-5 or 6-12-12 depend- ing on the plants being fertilized can be applied. —Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Mark Your Calendar Feb. 4-Mar. 12 Orchid Show continues— Climatron Mar. 4-5 Spring Garden Workshop— Floral Display House Mar. 11-Apr. 2 “Plants of the Bible” — Mediterranean House Mar. 18/Apr. 16 “Prickly Pears of Desert Lands” — Desert House Mar. 18-Apr. 16 Spring Flower Show — Floral Display House The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign Julius Boehmer, Jr. With the death of Julius Boehmer in January, the Garden's herbarium lost a longtime, devoted volun- teer. Mr. Boehmer had devoted many hours of time to the Garden’s herbarium over a period of nearly 10 years. He was a graduate of the Washington University School of Engineering and worked for Rice Stix Wholesale Dry Goods and then as engineer for St. Louis Water Division. A man of many talents, he en- joyed identifying trees and photography as hobbies. His talent with tools and wood led to many projects for the herbarium including construction of carts and stools. He will be missed by his many friends at the Garden. Marguerita M. Jester, Restoration Consultant Marguerita M. Jester, nationally Known restora- tion expert, died in January following a lengthy illness. Her work in restoring Tower Grove House will long stand as a tribute to her knowledge and painstaking attention to detail. Margo had served as a consultant for the Tower Grove House restoration since 1953. This house is considered one of the finest restorations in the area. Another such is Hanley House in Clayton, in which Margo was involved as well. Margo, with her husband Roland, specialized in American antiques, English pottery and porcelain. They refused to be associated with any restoration that was not correct. Many such across the country serve as evidence of their expertise. She will be missed by her many Garden friends. MEMBERSHIPS—JANUARY 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson Blair Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Herman F. Spoehrer Mr. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mr. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS — JANUARY 1978 SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. Morris M. Horwitz SUSTAINING Miss Selma F. Boehmes Ms. Mary L. Kerwin Mr./Mrs. Cornelius F. P. Stueck Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Stern CONTRIBUTING Mr. H. Apprill Mr./Mrs. Zane E. Barnes Mrs. James D. Cherry Mr./Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Hill, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Milton H. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Eugen Knockstedt Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Kobusch Mr./Mrs. Walter Lange Miss Emily Novak Mr./Mrs. C. W. Oertli Mr./Mrs. Paul B. Otten NEW MEMBERSHIPS JANUARY 1978 SPONSORING Mr. Mike Holley SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Glen L. DeHart CONTRIBUTING Mr. Robert F. Brown Mr. R. G. Hansen/Chas. S. Lewis & Co. Mr. G. Allen Penniman, Jr. REGULAR Mr./Mrs. Paul Adams Mr./Mrs. Samuel Aftergut Mr./Mrs. A. L. Aydt Miss Anne Baker Dr. R. K. Baker Mrs. Philip W. Bernstorf Mr./Mrs. Ray Blaskow Mr./Mrs. Erwin E. Bloss Ms. Diane Bohnert Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Boyd Sr. Mr./Mrs. James W. Brazee Mr./Mrs. John E. Brazee Mr./Mrs. James H. Brock Mrs. Richard Brooks Miss Sandy Brooks Mr./Mrs. Steven M. Brown Mr./Mrs. Eric Brunngraber Mr./Mrs. Raymond Bunse Mr./Mrs. Stephen Callahan Ms. Carolyn S. Christman Miss Clara Clark Ms. Mildred L. Connors Mr./Mrs. J. R. Dalton Dr./Mrs. Arnold Dankner Miss Therese Dawson Mr./Mrs. David G. Dempsey Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Dewald Mr./Mrs. Randy Dillon Doreen Dodson Family Ms. Mary J. Dowling Mrs. Lewis D. Dozier, Jr. Ms. Catherine Dremann Mrs. George Drexler Mr./Mrs. Norman Drey, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Albert F. Edmondson Mr./Mrs. Robert Elsperman Mr. Dale Emerson Mr. S. M. Fritz Mr./Mrs. Harry C. Gibbs Mr./Mrs. Matthew Green Mr./Mrs. Ken W. Hammel Mr. Robert E. Handlins Ms. Melainie Harvey Mr. Alfred O. Heitzmann Mr./Mrs. Irving M. Heritage Ms. Joan Hewitt Ms. A. K. Higgins Mr./Mrs. Harold B. Hinchman Ms. Doris Hollis Miss Jane F. Hoormann Mr./Mrs. Tom Houseworth Ms. Madelaine Jocot Henry A. Jubel and Family Mr./Mrs. William B. Kelley Ms. Susan M. Krebs Mr./Mrs. Marvin D. Kreiling Ms. Eunice L. Kuehnert Mr. Chris Kuhn Mr./Mrs. T. M. Mabon Ms. Mary K. Marschner Mrs. Beverly Martorano Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Mayer Mr./Mrs. A. Eugene McReynolds, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John J. Meyer Ms. Linda K. Meyer Miss June Milligan Mr./Mrs. Marshall Mitchell Ms. Linda Mittelstadt Mr. P. L. Monisseir Mr./Mrs. Tom Moore Miss Alice P Moskop Mr. Andrew Muller Mr./Mrs. Louis Myers Mr./Mrs. O. J. Myers Mr./Mrs. A. D. Ng Mr. George E. Niedt Mr. James E. Norris Mr./Mrs. Lloyd W. Nystrom Ms. Carmen L. Pagel Ms. Sheryl Palan Mrs. Charlene Piper Miss Julia A. Piper Mr./Mrs. A. M. Plourde Mr./Mrs. John C. Purcell Ms. Cathy Rapp Rev./Mrs. Henry A. Rehwaldt River Oaks Garden Club Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Rotramel Mrs. Mabel Rottach Mr./Mrs. Vern H. Schneider Ms. Charlotte Schwarzenberger Dr./Mrs. John F. Schweiss Mr./Mrs. Warren Seitz Mrs. M. Shoults Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Simpson Mr./Mrs. Milton R. Skinner, Jr. Mrs. Betty J. Stark Mr./Mrs. Herman Theurer Ms. Gladys/Marcella Thum Mr./Mrs. Mark A. Tolton Mr. Carl Trauernicht, Jr. Ms. Louis E. Ursch Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Watel Mr. David Wells Mr./Mrs. Albert Weltman Dr. Dieter H. Wurr Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Zahnweh JANUARY TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Glik’s 25th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. E. C. Littmann In Memory of Mr. Victor Ardis, Sr. Elaine/John Henkle In Memory of Mrs. Mildred Boicourt Anna Mae Wiedemann In Memory of Mr. John T. Brooks Mrs. John Stodieck, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. John D. Falvey Mrs. R. H. Brock In Memory of Mrs. C. R. Gildehaus Mr./Mrs. A. F. Boettcher, Jr. In Memory of Jessie R. Harnden Dorothy/Mary Britton In Memory of Albert H. Huntington Mrs. Milton H. Just In Memory of Christina Danuley Kraeft Betty Dannley David Hinnis's Family Ray Oberkramer's Family David Pittengar’s Family John Witt's Family In Memory of Raymond E. Lange Mrs. Raymond E. Lange and Family In Memory of Stephen Lysell Mr./Mrs. Alden R. Bond In Memory of Sam B. May Mr./Mrs. J. R. Middleton In Memory of Mrs. Helen K. Mellow Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Jessie S. Russell Betty/Roblee McCarthy In Memory of Florence J. Shinkle Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Limberg In Memory of Mr. William Smith Melba E. Aufderheide In Memory of Mr. Kurt Sorrells Morris Hills In Memory of Hyman Stein Marilyn/Art Boettcher In Memory of Mrs. Delphia Ulbrich Patricia A. McCormick In Memory of Mrs. L. S. Vagnino Clayton Garden Club #2 In Memory of Mrs. Thomas W. White Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis Mrs. Nancy Primm MISSOURI BOTANICAL 2345 Tower Grove Avenu GARDEN BULLETIN e Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin I The FLORA of MISSOURI Yous boliown Fanbu Wd Vandel Audaic Gs. i (02% Ote/7 1934 ver An BR. Ste yermae Col€ctow =—_ Latin: The Living Language of Botany Two ladies were waiting within the main entrance to the Climatron when one espied a woman ap- proaching the last of the outdoor lily pools, heading in the direction of the Climatron steps. “My goodness,” the first one said, “that’s the lady on Sherwood in Webster Groves whose husband works at Mon- santo.” The other added, “She sure looks like one of the Elbert clan!” And the first rejoined, “Of course, it’s Mary Elbert.” The three ladies were soon greeting each other like long lost friends. As they strolled through the Climatron, one remarked, “Look at the strange roots hanging down from this tree. The tag on the tree says it is Ficus benghalensis, the strangler fig. Why those awful names in Latin, anyway? Strangler fig suits me fine.” During their walk, they noted that virtually all of the living plants bore tags with two Latin names, e.g. Coffea arabica for the coffee shrub; Carica papaya for the towering papaya. Later the ladies were given a tour of the herbarium of the John S. Lehmann Build- ing, where they had the opportunity to inspect a few of the two and one-half million sheets of dried plants deposited in modern compactors. Each sheet had a label with two Latin names. They were told that were they to visit the herbaria of Kew or Moscow they would find that the same system of using two names is used. When the first lady in our little drama was trying to recall her friend’s name, she resorted to a brief but several-worded description, a habit in which we all indulge when conversing. When they hit upon the actual name of their friend, they experienced a kind of satisfaction in being more precise. They not only pin-pointed her as a specific individual, Mary, but categorized her as a member of the Elbert clan. This is, in some senses, “the name of the game” Dr. John Dwyer and Cinchona pubescens. in naming the more than one million kinds of plants that cover the land and inhabit the oceans and lakes (the same system applies to animals, too). Each species is given two Latin names, the genus name followed by the species name. Ficus tells us that the species is a fig; benghalensis, the second, which precise fig it is. Thus all true species of fig belong to the genus Ficus. A fig, then, isn't a fig unless it's a Ficus. There are more than 800 species in the genus Ficus. As for Coffea, the several species of coffee come under the umbrella of this one genus. Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish physician of the 18th Century and a veritable genius in naming plants, (Continued on Page 3) Volume LXVI Number 4 April 1978 52/97 Legislative Report: The Garden's Future <—w F Rep. Russell Egan me Sen. John E. Scott Legislation has been introduced in both the House and Senate of the Missouri legislature to ena- ble the Garden to enter into the Zoo-Museum District. Such legislation, if passed, would provide the Garden with direct tax support for operating expenses. A new Botanical Garden Subdistrict would be created within the existing Zoo-Museum District and would provide a tax rate of four cents per $100 of assessed valuation. Should this enabling legislation pass, a combined majority of both city and county voters would be necessary for passage in an election. With increased operating costs, demands for expansion of programs, and inflation, additional outside support will continue to be necessary for the Garden. It would be the fall of 1979 before such an elec- tion probably could be held. The legislation was introduced in the House by Representative Russell Egan of the 85th District, in which the Garden falls. A native St. Louisan, he was elected in 1976. He has been a fire fighter and cap- tain, head bookkeeper for a circuit clerk, vice presi- dent of the St. Louis Labor Council and member of the Land Clearing Authority. At the same time, Senator John E. Scott of the Third District, which also includes the Garden, intro- duced the legislation in the Senate. He is in real es- tate construction, is an insurance broker and ap- praiser. Senator Scott was the recipient of The Globe-Democrat award for meritorious service during the 77th General Assembly. Kenneth Rothman, Speaker of the House, who has long had an interest in the Garden and other cultural institutions, cosigned the House legislation. The Garden operates consistently on a balanced budget. As the years go by, the gap between endow- ment income, other revenues and actual operating expenses grows with our inflationary economy. In order to keep the budget balanced it would be neces- sary to cut back programs unless additional outside help were found. In order to secure the future growth and development of the institution, direct tax support may eventually become a necessary component of our income. We appreciate the support of our representative and senator in this important legislation. 2 Wildflower Guide Missouri Wildflowers of the St. Louis Area, by Erna Eisendrath, will be published by the Missouri Botanical Garden early in April. The book, of over four hundred pages with black and white drawings, is writ- ten and designed as a field guide. Though targeted for the St. Louis area, the book will be a useful field guide throughout Missouri and neighboring states. Mrs. Eisendrath, who teaches at Washington University, will be at the Garden to personally auto- graph her books in the Floral Display House from 2 to 4 p.m., Sunday, April 16. Books are also available by mail. Address orders to the Department of Publica- tions, 2345 Tower Grove Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Retail price for the book is $7.95, with a 10 per- cent discount for Garden members. TGH Auxiliary schedules One-Day Trip The Tower Grove House Auxiliary has scheduled a special one-day trip to New Harmony, Indiana, a National Historic Landmark with world recognition. A chartered bus with air conditioning and rest room facilities will depart at 8 a.m., Saturday, April 29, returning that evening about 6 p.m. Luncheon has been arranged at the Red Geranium, famous for good food, especially spinach salad and Shaker lemon pie. There will be time to see the restored community, the Labyrinth, the Roofless Church, the fine bookstore and many shops. Price per person is $28, which includes bus fare, tickets to restored area, luncheon and a $7 tax deduc- tible contribution to the Tower Grove House Auxiliary. Space is limited. Make reservations by calling Mrs. Coultas at 773-9000. Pitzman Nature Program Registration forms for the 1978 Pitzman Nature Program will be available by the week of April 24, although names and addresses will be put on the mailing list before this date. Persons interested in reg- gistering their children may call the Education De- partment between 8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. weekdays to request these forms, which contain dates, fees and program contents. Programs will be held both at the Garden and at the Shaw Arboretum. There will once again be pro- grams for parents and children as well as for children only. Bus transportation to the Arboretum will be available as in the past. This will be the 21st Pitzman Program, which is partially funded by a grant from the Pitzman Charitable Trust. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign LATIN: THE LANGUAGE OF BOTANY (Continued from Page 1) popularized this two-name system for designating species of plants and animals. It brought precision into a science suffering greatly from verbose descrip- tions that created a taxonomic labyrinth guarded by the Minotaur of tradition. Linnaeus, like Theseus, slew the beast! We can hear one of the trio of ladies saying, “| still like the common name ‘violet’; ‘rose’ sounds bet- aot to me than ‘rosa’.” If the walls of the Climatron could whisper, they would point out that there are at least 50 common names for the violet, like “pansy,” “johnny at the front gate,” etc. Thus the violet is buf- feted about in a maelstrom of competitive vernacular names. The turbulence is more apparent when one realizes that the African violet is not a member of the violet family (Violaceae) at all! It is as far removed family-wise in the plant kingdom as a Hottentot is geographically from a Hoosier. Consider the fact that the “bog violet” is a Pinguicula; dame’s violet is a Hesperis; dog's tooth violet, an Erythronium; the “wa- ter violet” is a Hottonia; all belong to families other than Violaceae. When the name Wola is used, taxonomists (and let’s include the many sophisticated amateurs) understand immediately that we are not talking about African violets, bog violets, etc., but about the little purple-flowered harbinger of spring dotting our lawns. One of our ladies still objects. “| don’t care a Ficus; | like ‘fig! These taxonomists are always plagu- ing us with jawbreaking names like Warszewiczia coccinea and Bougainvillea glabra.” “Come now, Marge,” her friend replied. “Your husband is an MD and he uses terms like ‘diabetes mellitus’ and ‘ery- throblastosis fetalis’ when he’s talking to his peers. The same goes for lawyers with their ‘corpus delicti’ or ‘noli contendere.’” Botanical Latin is as old as the inhabited hills of Rome! The names Quercus (oak) and U/mus (elm) were bandied about in the Roman Forum as house- hold words. Most generic names, however, were coined in the 18th and 19th centuries when taxonomists were in a frenzy to add novelties to sci- ence. The name Victoria assigned to the water-lily in the center pool of the Garden, the one with the gigan- tic platter-like leaves, commemorates Queen Victoria. Some generic names are not really Latin etymologi- cally, e.g. Hickoria (hickory) is an American Indian name that was latinized. Occasionally we find a name which is an anagram, e.g. Thismia, an anagram of Smithia. Often generic names are fashioned from two Latin words, e.g. the genus Nasturtium from nasus (L., nose) and torqueo (L., | twist) referring to the unattractive odor of the flowers. Names like Asc/epias (milkweed genus) are drawn from mythology, refer- ring here to the Greek god of medicine. As for the second name, the species name, the taxonomist has a dictionary full of possibilities as usually Latin adjectives are used. Adjectives indicat- ing place are commonly used, e.g. americana as applied to Ulmus americana (American elm); rubra (L. ruber = red) in Acer rubra (Red Maple) refers to the redness of the leaves in autumn; somniferum (L. somnus = sleep; fero = | carry) in Papaver som- niferum (opium poppy) refers to the narcotic prop- erties of the plant; tuberosa (L., tuberous) in Solanum tuberosum (white potato) refers to the edible stem; sativa (L. sativus = Cultivated) in Cannabis sativa (marijuana) has an obvious connotation. When a species new to science is described, a Latin diagnosis, so the International Rules of Botani- cal Nomenclature dictate, must be included in the description of the plant. This represents a chore for many systematists considering the recent decline in the teaching of classical languages. The taxonomists usually provide elaborate descriptions of the plant in their native tongue and satisfy the international rules by appending a much abbreviated Latin description. Many of them get their knowledge from a relatively recent text, Botanical Latin, by the 20th Century Erasmus of botanical Latin, William T. Stearn of the British Museum. Specialists in systematics must have a working knowledge of Latin. The writer appreciates the presence of a Latin description when he picks up the Flora of Taiwan in which the long description of a new species is in Chinese. Thus the universality of botanical Latin breaks down all international bound- aries. Systematics can have its humorous side, too. Linnaeus, with tongue in cheek, named the genus Sigesbeckia in honor of Johannes Siegesbeck, a contemporary botanist in Sweden whom he disliked. It happens that the species of the genus would rate high among the disagreeable weeds of the world. The same Linnaeus paid homage to a Swedish botanist of his day, Johannes Browals (later to become Bishop of Abo, Finland) in naming a genus in his honor, Browal- lia, the type species of which is Browallia americana, an attractive herb. Later, when the two had a dis- agreement, Linnaeus described two additional species Browallia alienata and B. demissa. The Latin adjective alienata suggests the parting of the ways and the past participle, demissa means “to have been lowered.” Latin is an eternal language that emanated from the Eternal City. The very species named by taxonomists over the centuries enjoy a kind of eternity in the scientific literature of the world. It is strange, in light of this, that living species, the products of an eternity of evolution, and blessed with an eternal name, can be wiped from the face of the earth forever by a stroke of man’s wantonness. It seems an insult to nature that man can destroy the species of plants and animals he holds in trust but cannot destroy the names they bear! Sic gloria transit! — John D. Dwyer 3 Garden Benefit Raises $17,000 The Japanese Garden Benefit, held Sunday, February 26, at Community Federal Center, the new headquarters building of Community Federal Savings and Loan Association, was a huge success. The event was co-chaired by Jane and Whitney Harris with the help and support of a large committee. The affair was sponsored by Community Federal Savings and Loan Association and the Japan America Society of St. Louis. The Garden expresses its sincere appreciation to Community Federal for its generous support and hospitality. Distinguished guests attending the benefit were introduced by Bob Chase, master of ceremonies, and included Mr. Carl L. A. Beckers, Honorable Japanese Consul General from St. Louis; and Honorable Kiyoshi Sumiya, Japanese Consul General for Chicago. Tom K. Smith, Jr., chairman of the Garden's Board of Trustees, spoke briefly and introduced Koichi Kawana, designer of the Japanese Garden, who came from Los Angeles for the event. Entertainment included the Sakura dancers and music by Japanese members of the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, coordinated by Max Rabinovitsj, director of the Saint Louis Conservatory of Music. Etsuko Tazaki, concert pianist and guest soloist with the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, was introduced by Mr. Rabinovitsj. The benefit raised more than $17,000 for the Japanese Garden, to be applied to the stone water basin and the surrounding area in the entrance gar- den of the Japanese Garden. The hard-working Harrises and their committee are to be commended for the success of the benefit and evening. We offer our thanks to the many friends who continue to support the Garden by participating in these special events. } Jane Harris, co-chairman, receives floral bouquet of sprays and single orchids during the Japanese Garden Benefit. Also in attendance were, from left, Tom K. Smith, Jr., president of the Garden Board of Trustees; Whitney Harris, Benefit co-chairman; and Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. 4 New Building Designed With Education in Mind The planning phases for the education wing of the new “Crystal Palace” have involved St. Louis area teachers, administrators and curriculum specialists in order to make every effort to respond to the needs of St. Louis area schools. This new facility will enable the Garden to expand its programs to meet definite area educational needs. Not only will the six classrooms allow for more Garden programs, but a special teacher resource center will enable teachers to assemble programs to take back to class- rooms as well. There will be ample work area for assembling slide programs, film strips, models and text materials. The programs for children will concentrate on more experimental programs in which the children will be actively involved. Some classrooms will be devoted specifically for adult programs and will permit an expansion of exist- ing programs. A small adjacent greenhouse will pro- vide support material for classes. In the plans as well are exterior coldframes to teach and demonstrate all-weather gardening. In addition, there will be offices, conference room, lounge for guides and expanded workshop areas. The “Crystal Palace” is the major component of the Garden's $6 million development campaign, cur- rently underway. Japanese Festival to be Held May 14 Mother's Day, May 14, will be Japanese Festival Day at the Garden. Japanese culture will be cele- brated in a series of public events, to include music, dance, exhibitions of Samurai swords, horticultural exhibits, art, and traditional Japanese food. More than 12,000 people attended the Japanese Festival held at the Garden last May in conjunction with the dedication of the new Japanese Garden. This year promises to be as colorful, with the return of the exciting Taiko Drummers from the San Francisco Taiko Dojo, led by Mr. Seiichi Tanaka. Admission to the Garden for this event will be $1 for Members, children free; $3 for adult non- members, and $1 for non-members’ children (6-16). ‘Natural’ programs The Missouri natural areas program sponsored by the Arboretum will take place May 6 and 7. This year the educational trip features the St. Francois mountain area with visits to Silver Mines, Taum Sauk, and Sam A. Baker State Park. For reservations and further information, please call Joni Duggins, 772-7600. Tram System The Garden's new transportation tram, in action at the Climatron. A new transportation system will be introduced at the Garden early in April, as the first of its kind in the area. Particularly appropriate to an ecologically con- scious institution such as the Garden, the new tram system is exhaust free, quiet since powered by elec- tric motors, and safe because of low speeds, fiberglas bodies, hydraulic brakes and power steering. A total of 14 passengers can travel in the open, canopied vehicles. Enclosures and heat will be pro- vided in colder weather. All three of the vehicles will be equipped with sound systems. Siderasis fuscata is the plant feature of the month in the Plant Shop. A member of the Com- melinaceae family and the only species of the genus Siderasis, S. fuscata is native to Brazil. Characterized by low, rosetted leaves covered with dense rust col- ored hairs, purplish-red beneath and streaked with silver, S. fuscata presents the appearance of belong- ing to the Gesneriad family but is instead akin to an extensive line of easily grown, productive house- plants — Rhoeo, Zebrina, Gibasis, Cyanotis, Dichorisandra. Two inch, three petaled, lavender flowers are produced sporadically during the summer months. Siderasis fuscata’s ability to withstand all ad- verse environmental extremes — low light, heat, drought, low humidity — makes it an ideal plant for interior decoration. When given moist soils (allow to dry between waterings), high light or filtered sun and temperatures above 60 degrees, this plant grows and multiplies quickly. Fertilizer is seldom necessary. Propagation is best done by division. The Plant Shop: retailing daily from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Picnic Day is June 10 A picnic supper will be held at the Garden from 5-8 p.m. on Saturday, June 10. There will be enter- tainment throughout the Garden, and members will enjoy a unique opportunity to picnic “after hours” throughout the Garden grounds. Tickets are $30 per couple (adults only please). Proceeds will benefit the new transportation system within the Garden. Flower Sunda Set for April 2 “Flower Sunday,” the annual religious service at Christ Church Cathedral established at the bequest of Henry Shaw, has been scheduled this year for Sun- day, April 23. Rabbi Alvan D. Rubin of Temple Israel will deliver the sermon, while Dean Michael Allen will perform the service. Members of the attending con- gregation will receive clippings of olive or bay from the Garden’s Mediterranean House. Since 1890, one Sunday each year has been selected as “Flower Sunday,” according to the wishes stated in Mr. Shaw’s will that a sermon be given “on the wisdom and goodness of God as shown in the growth of flowers, fruits and other products of the vegetable kingdom.” This year’s service will integrate the elements of the Episcopalian service with the Jewish religion. sue | ; Flowers “GaP Named j to So Gard Ma an se Susan Y. Flowers, a Joplin, Mo., native and a ‘five-year employee of the Missouri Division of Tourism, has been named manager of public relations for the Garden, it was announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. Ms. Flowers, who attended Missouri Southern State College in Joplin, joined the state tourism divi- sion in 1973 as assistant supervisor of the Missouri Tourist Information Center in Joplin. For the past three years, she has developed the Tourist Information Center program in St. Louis and served as the Cen- ter’s supervisor. As manager of public relations, Ms. Flowers will be responsible for coordinating and carrying out a variety of Garden public relations and public informa- tion programs. Her appointment was effective on Wednesday, February 15, 1978. 5 Gardening in St. Louis With the coming of spring, everyone is eager to begin gardening. But it is important not to rush the season. Many plants have been damaged this past winter due in part to the unusually wet fall, which caused plants to continue growing instead of harden- ing off, resulting in killing back in many cases. Wait until late April for signs of growth before removing plants. Many damaged plants will send up new shoots from the base and just need to have the dead wood removed when the new shoots appear. Mulches should not be removed until all danger of frost has passed. The advantage of the mulch is that it tends to keep more uniform soil temperatures, aids in the retention of moisture and prevents weeds from growing around plants. Shrubs such as azaleas, rhododendrons, forsythia and others benefit by keep- ing a constant mulch of four to five inch thickness around the base at all times. As the mulch breaks down, it supplies nutrients to the plants, and there- fore, must be reapplied each year. Spring is an ideal time, when pruning and cleaning up, to reapply the mulch before weeds become established. Pruning Roses Prune roses between the first and the fifteenth of April, after gradually pulling the mulch from around the plant. Prune the plant according to the variety. Hybrid teas, prune 10”-12” above ground level: floribundas, 6-8"; grandifloras 12”-15". Following pruning, work in superphosphate, one cup per plant, lightly around the base of the plant, incorporating the mulch which was removed from around the plants into the soil at the same time. A week later feed Epsom salts, one tablespoon per gallon of water, using approximately two to three gallons per plant. Repeat the Epsom salts treatment again in three weeks. This aids in better growth and more disease resistance. Spring Lawn Care Lawns should be thoroughly cleaned and grass mowed as low as possible for the first few cuttings. Adjust the mower to cut one and one-half inches above ground level. If feeding was not done in late March, a feeding of a balanced fertilizer such as 6-12-12 should be applied to the lawn at the rate of three to four pounds per 1,000 square feet. Crab grass preemergent killer should be applied from mid to the end of April to control crab grass. Don’t use preemergent weed killers in areas where new seed is being planted. Wait at least six weeks after new seed has been planted and allowed to become established before applying weed killers. On well established lawns, apply 2-4-D with Silvex for the control of broad leafed weeds at any time when the temperatures are around 65°-70°. Spray when there is little or no wind, 6 using a sprayer reserved for the weed killer and for no other purpose. Avoid hydrogen fertilizers on the lawn now as it stimulates leaf growth rather than a good root system. Greenhouse Plants Plants grown indoors in small greenhouses or under fluorescent lights should be given adequate feedings to keep them in good condition, and kept close to the source of light to avoid leggy growth. Cooler growing plants can be moved outdoors after hardening for 10 days toward the end of the month. Gradually withhold watering somewhat but do not let the plants wilt. Reduce the temperatures, if possible, and place the plants outdoors for short intervals to begin with, gradually increasing the time until they are left out all day in an area where they get good light, but are protected from the wind. Warm growing plants, such as tomatoes and other plants, should not be planted out before mid May. When planted too early, with cool nights, they will not grow or set fruit as rapidly as the plants set out after about May 12. When selecting plants from the garden centers for growing outdoors, choose varieties which are dis- ease resistant and of hybrid vigor. The new hybrid geraniums grown from seed make ideal plants for all summer color. These are usually grown from seed eight to 10 weeks before planting time and are treated So they are in full bud by early to mid-May and will continue flowering until late frost. They are self- branching, compact growers, seldom reaching a height of more than 12”-15”. Disease resistant to- matoes, which are resistant to verticillium and fusarium disease and cracking, should be a must for all growers in this area. Good plants for shaded areas where little or fil- tered sun is available are coleus, impatiens and the fibrous begonias, which also do well in the full sun in the St. Louis area. In preparing the soil for planting, work in plenty of superphosphate and organic matter. Then, immediately upon planting, mulch the plants lightly to control soil moisture and prevent weeds. —Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist NSF Grant Awarded The National Science Foundation has awarded the Garden a grant to support the project entitled “Floristics of Amazonian Peru,” under the direction of Alwyn H. Gentry. This project is a joint endeavor with the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Michael Dillon, who has been a part of the Garden’s post-doctoral program, will begin working at the Field Museum this summer and will be working with Dr. Gentry on this continuing project, now in its third year. James Reed Appointed to State Commission James Reed, the Garden’s director of libraries, has been appointed by Governor Teasdale to the newly-created Missouri Historic Records Advisory Commission (MHRAC). This Commission will work with Secretary of State James C. Kirkpatrick to de- velop a state plan for the management of historic records and to review grant proposals from libraries, archives, historical societies and other agencies with significant collections of historical documents and records. Mr. Reed, who has been librarian at the Garden for 52 years, has developed an archival program as part of the magnificent research library in the John S. Lehmann Building, and presently serves as a member on the Committee on the Archives of Sci- ence of the Society of American Archivists. His ex- perience with the Garden’s rich collections of manu- script materials and historic records should serve to assist MHRAC in carrying out its mission. Executive Board Meeting Open to Members in May Members are welcome to attend the annual luncheon meeting of the Executive Board of the Members on Monday, May 1, in the auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. The meeting begins at 10:30 a.m., with a review of the past year’s ac- complishments and Membership activities. Luncheon will be served at noon, followed by an entertaining lecture on “The Essential Oils” presented by James Crumpler. There will also be a photo exhibit of mem- bers’ special events on display in the lobby. Tickets for the luncheon/lecture may be purchased for $5.00 per person. Reservations are limited. For reservations, please send your check along with the coupon provided below to: Members’ Office Missouri Botanical Garden 2345 Tower Grove Avenue St. Louis, Mo. 63110 Executive Board of the Members Luncheon Meeting |! would like to make reservations for person(s) at $5.00 per person, for the luncheon on May 1, 1978. Enclosed is my check in the amount of $ Please send tickets to: Name Address A Tea Room for TGH The Tower Grove House Auxiliary is working to establish a Tea Room in the lower level of Tower Grove House — a much needed food service in the garden area. Needed are donations of tables that seat four (14 in all), and 56 side chairs in good condi- tion. If you have some to offer, please call Mrs. Coul- tas, 773-9000. Mark Your Calendar Through Apr. 16 = “Prickly Pears of Desert Lands” — Desert House Through Apr. 16 = Spring Flower Show — Floral Display House “Plants of Classical Lands” — Mediterranean House Apr. 15-May 14 Apr. 22-23 Plant Sale — Plant Shop 8 a.m.-6 p.m. May 3 “Swing Into Spring” — Garden Gate Shop Open House (rescheduled) Members Spring Lecture Series Apr. 5 “20th Century English Gardens” Apr. 12 “Housekeeping with Herbs”, “How to Plan and Plant an Herb Garden” Apr. 19 “Surprises of the Seasons” MEMBERSHIP—FEBRUARY 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mr. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mrs. Watson Blair Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mrs. John V. Janes Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS FEBRUARY 1978 SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. Norman H. Klayman Mr. Richard M. Ross SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. CONTRIBUTING Dr./Mrs. John J. Dann Mrs. Virginia T. Ernest Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Hageman Dr./Mrs. David M. Kipnis DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Edmund Lammert Mr./Mrs. Larry Reimelt Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mrs. Wm. S. Schwab Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. Charles A. White Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis NEW MEMBERSHIPS CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Earl Hoyt, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jack A. Wulfmeyer REGULAR Mr./Mrs. Norman G. Anderson Mr./Mrs. J. C. Barnard Mrs. M. B. Bauche Ms. Ruth Bayer Mrs. Rolf Bernhard Mr./Mrs. Kyrie Boldt Mr./Mrs. William A. Bowersox Mr./Mrs. Ron Brockmeyer, Sr. Miss Susan M. Brown Mr. James E. Bundstein Carini Family Ms. Jean Cochran Mr./Mrs. Roger A. Cunningham Ms. Linda Datillo Ms. Penny Dean Mr./Mrs. Dan Deiter Mr./Mrs. Paul DeMarinis Ms. Sally Jean Dobrunz Mrs. Blanche M. Dodge Mr. Tony H. Dolahite Mrs. Harold Elbert Mrs. Felda Epstein Mr./Mrs. Frederick C. Ernest Mr./Mrs. James T. Eskritt Mr. Ronald L. Farney Mr./Mrs. Vincent R. Ferguson Mr. Richard B. Figlar Ms. Linda Garfunkel Mr./Mrs. Mike Garvin Dr./Mrs. N. Rex Ghormley Mrs. Bernadine Gibbons Mr. Edmund Griesedieck Mrs. Jerry Guffey Mr. Wyman C. Hall Ms. Diane K. Herbert Ms. Charlotte K. Hopfinger Mr. Frank J. Huck Mrs. R. E. Huesgen Mrs. Roger H. Johnston Patricia A. Ketzner Mr./Mrs. Clarence Kinnaird Mr./Mrs. Andrew Kissel Mr. Joseph C. Kretschmer Mr./Mrs. Matthew J. Maloney Mr./Mrs. Charles Maytas Mr./Mrs. John McGinty Mrs. Willard A. Miller Mrs. Charles Moseley Mr./Mrs. R. B. Mullen Mr./Mrs. Mason K. Myers, Jr. Mr. Richard Napier Mr./Mrs. Robert C. O'Blennis Ms. Jean O’Daniel Ms. Mary Crain Penniman Mrs. Barbara N. Pierce Mrs. Margaret Przygoda Ms. Elizabeth A. Purcell Mr. George J. Rixner Mr./Mrs. Edward Robbins Ms. Kathy Sackett Ms. Carol Schulte Dr./Mrs. Howard Schwartz Ms. Sharyn Sebastian Mr. T. J. Shamon Ms. Ben L. Shifrin Mr./Mrs. David A. Stuart Mrs. A. B. Terry Mr./Mrs. Gary Leon Thompson Rev. Timothy J. Toohey Miss Georgia Urban Mrs. Mary Uxa Mr./Mrs. Eugene C. Weissman Miss Beverly A. Welton Dr./Mrs. Roy Westerfeld Mrs. Mabel W. Westmoreland Mr./Mrs. Edward Wilson Mr./Mrs. Harold C. Wisely, Jr. FEBRUARY 1978 TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. Gary Andrews The Country Lane Garden Club In Honor of Dr. and Mrs. C. C. Connelly's 50th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Emil F. Schumacher In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. W. Milner Donovan's 50th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. William T. Kieffer In Honor of Mrs. Al Fleischer’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Honor of Mr. Hugh Freund’s marriage Mrs. Morris Epstein Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Harris’ Anniversary Mr./Mrs. J. A. Baer, II In Honor of Mrs. Ernest D. Loewenwarter’s Special Birthday Edward B. Bermas Mr./Mrs. Stuart H. Steinbrink Eda Wollenberger In Honor of The Planters Garden Club Mrs. Hiram Norcross In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Eli Seigel’s Golden Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Leon Hurwitz In Honor of Betty Sims — Woman of Achievement/Community Service Clara Moult In Honor of Mr. Edwin R. Waldemer’s 80th Birthday Stix and Company, Inc. In Honor of The Japanese Garden Clayton Garden Club #1 In Memory of Mr. Ben C. Ames E. J. Gildehaus In Memory of Mrs. Charles Bascom Fristoe Mullins Trust In Memory of Miss Nina K. Bernd Dr./Mrs. Joseph B. Woodson In Memory of Mr. Julius Boehmer Miss Hedi Breckner Mrs. Marguerite A. Brown and Son Marshall R. Crosby Mrs. Earl O. Ganus Mrs. Olivia Mewes Mrs. Russell H. Meyer Mrs. Paul W. Newell Mrs. W. A. Palm Bob and Marge Purk Mr./Mrs. Walter Radell Mr./Mrs. Charles Senske G. V. Williamson In Memory of John V. Boland Gloria Hogbin In Memory of Edwin M. Clark Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead In Memory of Richard Desloge Mr./Mrs. H. E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Dale Dill Mr./Mrs. J. Wendell Davis & Family In Memory of Mr. Fridtgas Egilsrud Mrs. William H. Schield In Memory of Mrs. Flora D. Freund Mr./Mrs. H. E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Harry Freund Mr./Mrs. William A. Frank In Memory of Mrs. Herbert Golterman Rowena Clark Garden Club In Memory of Mr. Baron Haberle Mr./Mrs. David Honigberg In Memory of Mrs. George Hasegawa Dr. Jackson K. Eto In Memory of Mr. Adolph J. Heckwolf Mrs. Edwina Medlock In Memory of W. A. Huckins Mrs. K. O'Neill In Memory of Margo Jester Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas In Memory of Christena Kraeft Donna F. Hurst In Memory of Frances D. Maritz Elizabeth N. Young In Memory of Robert H. McWilliams, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Blanke, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Wylie Todd Mr./Mrs. H. E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Helen Kuhn Mellow Dorothy and L. J. Grigsby In Memory of Ruth Dralle Onken Mrs. Cannon Mrs. Clarence L. Hein Mrs. Malcolm Reid Mike and Mary Lynn Reid In Memory of Mr. Earl Phillips John and Jean Gray In Memory of Mr. John L. Pierson Carolyn and James Singer In Memory of Mr. Elmer Pins The Sporting News In Memory of Mrs. Dora Porzelt |. F. Hobelman In Memory of Mr. William C. Schmalz Dr. Armand D. Fries In Memory of Johanna Schulze Beatrice Obermeyer In Memory of George Sheehan Susan M. Hartmann In Memory of Mrs. Bradford Shinkle Mary Elizabeth Bascom In Memory of Prof. Elwin W. Signumd The William Koerner Family In Memory of Mrs. Freda H. Sopp Mrs. Ruth S. DeFabio Miss Evelyn M. Stark In Memory of Mr. Julius J. Sullivan Emily and Helen Novak In Memory of Betty Temme Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas In Memory of Mary Elizabeth Tonkins Mr./Mrs. Frank Demme Frances M. Reeves Scholin Bros. Printing Co. Shaughnessy-Kniep-Hawe Paper Co. In Memory of Mrs. Louis S. Vagnino Clayton Garden Club, Group 2 Mrs. James J. Harmon, Jr. In Memory of Mr. David Von Hahn St. Louis Horticultural Society In Memory of John Wightman Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Morris Winterman Mr./Mrs. E. A. Hogbin, Jr. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin May 14 is Japanese Festival Day The Garden's third annual Japanese Festival, which last year attracted thousands of visitors for a day long celebration of Japanese art and culture, will be held this year on Mother’s Day, Sunday, May 14. Featured entertainment will include perform- ances by the San Francisco Taiko Dojo Drummers; Sahomi Tachibana and her company from New York City performing both classical and folk dances; and Yoshiko Kendall, who will play a Japanese stringed instrument, the koto. Demonstrations of origami, calligraphy and pot- tery making will take place throughout the day. There will be exhibits of bonsai, flower arrangements by the St. Louis Chapter of Ikebana International, and a dis- play of children’s art from Suwa, Japan, St. Louis’ Sister City. A photography exhibit will pictorially de- scribe the history of Japanese Americans. There will also be a display of antique Samurai swords. Japanese food will be prepared at the Garden for sampling by festival participants. The hours of the festival are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., although the Garden will be open, as usual, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Additional parking will be available at Famous-Barr Southtown, with a shuttle bus operating from 12 to 6 p.m. Fees for admission to the festival are $1.00 for members; members’ children, free; non-members, $3.00 for adults, $1.00 for children. Garden members may purchase Festival tickets in advance, at the Main Gate. A Japanese performance by the University of Kansas Theater Troupe highlighted events during last year's Japanese Festival. Volume LXVI Number 5 May 1978 Drive Reaches $4 Million; Major Effort lo Come During eight months of campaigning, more than $4 million has been raised in the Garden’s ongoing Capital development drive — 67 per cent of the drive’s goal and an average of $500,000 per month in con- tributions. “We have done well up to this point,” said Robert R. Hermann, campaign chairman. “But we still have to pitch in and work hard, keeping on schedule in making solicitation contacts, if we are to reach our $6 million goal.” So far in the drive, Mr. Hermann explained, the Garden’s Board of Trustees and staff have “come through” with pledges to the capital fund drive. In addition, 90 per cent of the initial round of solicitation — that directed toward advance gifts and large corpo- rations — has been completed. The next step will be individual solicitations. “Up to this point,” Mr. Hermann added, “our drive has been on schedule as planned — first involving the Board, then the staff, and then ‘Advance Gifts,’ that portion of the effort which allows special em- phasis on large contributions from individuals and major business organizations. “It must be said, however, that traditionally, most very large gifts are received at the outset of a fund- raising campaign. This is why, despite the fact that we're two-thirds of the way to our goal, we must mount a major individual solicitation effort during the remainder of the year. “If we are to reach our goal,” Mr. Hermann said, “everyone is going to have to participate.” Dr. Croat’s Flora To Be Published Final production is underway on the Flora of Barro Colorado Island, written by Dr. Thomas B. Croat, the Garden’s Paul A. Schulze Curator of Botany. The work, encompassing 3600 manuscript pages, will be published in a single volume of 1100 pages. This massive work, drawing upon years of field work, is perhaps “the most comprehensive taxonomic treatment of a tropical flora ever published,” accord- ing to the Stanford Press spring catalog. The book is the culmination of a seven year proj- ect begun in 1967. More than three years of field work on Barro Colorado Island and more than 6,000 collec- tions make the flora of the island the most well known tropical flora in the world. The island, which lies mid- way in the Panama Canal Zone, supports a flora of at least 1,369 species of higher plants, a total approach- ing that of the British Isles. It is one of the world’s most important biological reserves and is operated by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. 2 Garden Club Of America Award lo Dr. Peter H. Raven ( Dr. Peter H. Raven The Garden Club of America Achievement Medal, awarded in the fields of research, education and horticultural display, has been presented to Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. The award was given during the Club’s annual meeting April 4 in Bir- mingham, Alabama. The national award was presented by Mrs. Robert Homans, medal award chairman, who quoted from one letter of recommendation as follows: “I think that by recognizing Dr. Raven’s achievements you will inspire young people to follow in his footsteps — to realize the importance of basic research knowledge of botany and that the theoretical scientist could lead the way in the development of a science such as horticulture, which gives so much practical pleasure to so many.” New Volunteer Group Twenty-three volunteers have completed pre- liminary training, under the direction of David Binks and Carol Taxman, to prepare them for spring work in the Japanese Garden. Each volunteer has been as- signed a specific area in the Japanese Garden to maintain. Each has learned special techniques and is prepared to answer questions that may be posed by Garden visitors. We are pleased to have this specially trained group of volunteers who began work early in April. Members Headed “Down Under” Australia, New Zealand and Tahiti are the major points of interest for a members’ tour scheduled for November 3 through November 25, 1978. Reserva- tions are limited. For further information, contact the Members’ Office at 772-7600, extension 25. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN Is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign the ee Guides: A ey in meee Follow one of the 40 volunteer guides at the Garden and you will see someone with an interest in plants and nature and an insatiable desire to learn more. She has a stamina for walking and a joy in sharing what she knows. She can take a group of fourth graders through the “jungle” of the Climatron, or introduce a women’s church group to a variety of Holy Land plants in the Mediterranean House. She can show a high school biology class the source of a leading cancer medication of the world’s supply of steroids. She can lead a sixth grade group through the Japanese Garden explaining why gardens are important to the Japanese people, or how the plants and rock formations relate to Japanese history, relig- ion, literature and tradition. A group of visiting busi- nessmen might be told why Henry Shaw’s country place has meant so much to the people of St. Louis and indeed the world, and the important role that his legacy has played in St. Louis culture, botanical sci- ence and horticulture. The next Guide Training Program will start in September. During eight Thursday meetings, new guides will receive instruction concerning the three major greenhouses (the Climatron, Desert and Mrs. Donald Metzger, a member of the Garden Guides, conducts greenhouse tour for a visiting group. Mediterranean Houses), the history of the Garden, the comparison of major climatic areas of the world and how plants adapt to grow in each of them. They will also study Japanese Gardens, their underlying philosophy, design and plant materials. Once trained, guides are expected to serve a minimum of one day per week in the Education Department tour program. One additional Tuesday morning per month is de- voted to enrichment activities through a Guide meet- ing. A recent survey of the current guides indicates that the greatest satisfaction in being a part of the program lies in the ongoing educational opportunities it offers them. It also provides a sense of service to the community while enjoying nature with a group of people of similar interests. If you would enjoy being a part of this active group and would like additional information, please call the new guide training chairman, Paula Kipnis, at 725-5545; or the guide chairman, Sally Davidson, at 961-0935. If unable to reach either of them, you may leave your name and telephone number with the Education Office at 772-7600, ext. 54, so one of them may contact you. June 10 Is Garden Picnic Day Members and their guests are invited to attend a special Garden picnic on June 10. Enjoy a basket supper in one of the Garden's lovely settings and be entertained throughout the grounds. Festivities in- clude performances by the St. Louis Soma Theatre, the Grand Fuzz, the St. Louis Banjo Club, the Brass Quintet of the St. Louis Symphony Youth Orchestra, and Simone, the Bellydancer. A display entitled “Herbs in Art” will be presented by the St. Louis Herb Society in the Museum Building. Tickets are $15.00 per person and proceeds will benefit the new transportation system within the Gar- den. For further information, contact the Members’ Office at 772-7600, ext. 25. 3 Mrs. Ross Named To Garden Board Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross, a prominent St. Louisan long associated with the Garden, has been elected a life member of the Garden’s Board of Trus- tees, it was announced by Tom K. Smith, Jr., board president. A graduate of Smith College, Mrs. Ross has served for many years as a volunteer guide at the Garden and served with Mrs. Nancy Day as chairman of the program from 1973 to 1975. Her election marks the first time in the Garden’s 119-year history that a woman will serve on the Board of Trustees. In addition to her Garden activities, Mrs. Ross has been involved in the historical restoration project in Kimmswick, Missouri, and serves as a St. Louis Art Museum Commissioner, a consultant for the Land- marks Association and a member of the Board of Trustees of John Burroughs School. In 1977, she was named a Woman of Achievement by The St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Mrs. Ross was elected to fill a board vacancy created by the recent resignation of Sam’! C. Davis, who has been named an honorary trustee. We welcome Mrs. Ross to our board with pride and pleasure. TGH Tearoom To Open May 2, 1978 will mark the opening of a new tearoom in the lower level of Tower Grove House. The Auxiliary will operate the new facility, by reservations only, on Tuesdays and Thursdays. The newly redeco- rated tearoom will accommodate up to 40 people for a box luncheon of either a salad or sandwich, for $4.50 per person. Reservations may be made by calling Tower Grove House, 773-9000. Serving hours are 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. 4 Northeast Tour A combination cruise/land tour for members to Nova Scotia and New England is scheduled for Sep- tember 25 to October 9. A perfect two week tour, the excursion features the best of New England and the best of Nova Scotia at the peak of fall foliage. Also featured is the new steamer service “Caribe”, which sails between Port- land, Maine and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and the famous “Bluenose” between Yarmouth and Bar Har- bor, Maine. Cost is $1,130 per person. For further information, please call the Members’ Office at 772-7600, ext. 25. Dorothy Young Exhibit Slated For Lehmann Building An exhibit of oil paintings by Dorothy O. Young (Mrs. Jack J. Sophir) will be held in the John S. Lehmann Building lobby from April 29 through May 27. Mrs. Young, a Fellow of the International Institute of Arts and Letters, will be exhibiting a variety of re- cent floral paintings, landscapes and still lifes. She is a member of the Society of Independent Artists of St. Louis, and has exhibited paintings in New York, Neb- raska, Illinois, and in many shows in the St. Louis region. Her work has received nearly 100 awards and honors throughout her career. The exhibit will be open from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 be ey bah hea ~ = fn a, dl wy Bo , U8 % nk Nag 8 PLANTS Ol} Tite BIBL “49 \areh \l \pril - The Library: A Member’s Resource Among the many special collections in the library is one group of 500 publications chosen specifically for the Garden’s membership. Included in this horticultural/environmental collection are books on indoor and outdoor gardening, lawn care, flower ar- ranging, landscape design, and introductory botany. These books represent a selection of the classical references on gardening and horticulture as well as current publications. A member browsing through the shelves can learn how to grow healthier tomatoes, how to identify insect pests on vegetables and the songbirds that help control such pests, how to design bouquets and flower arrangements in both the traditional and Orien- tal manner, and how to help children gain an appreci- ation of the natural world. Each month a few selected additional titles are added to this collection in order to help keep our membership current on horticultural happenings. With very few exceptions, all of these books are available on loan for a two-week period upon presen- tation of a valid membership card. All members are urged to include a visit to the library when they visit the rest of the Garden. Library hours are 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. Brian LeDoux of the Garden staff, who usually spends his time planting, pruning, spraying and watering, has brought his artistic ability to bear on several recent Garden events. Brian, who holds a degree in art from Northeastern Missouri State _ University and taught art in St. Louis for eight years, executed - color drawings to illustrate the recent Orchid Show, the “Plants of the Bible” exhibition and the “Plants of Classical Lands” — show. SheHardian Ease Philodendron ‘Painted Lady’ The May selection in the Wardian Case is one of the famous hybrid philodendrons developed by the late W. McColley — Philodendron ‘Painted Lady.’ Mr. McColley, an Aroid hybridizer of international fame for the past 30 years, developed most of the “Art” philodendrons (those with highly colored foliage) of merit, including ‘Prince Dubonnet’, ‘Burgundy’, and ‘Emerald King’, of which ‘Painted Lady’ is an out- standing example. As a member of the Araceae family, exhibiting all the vigor and ease-of-culture of the common philodendron, ‘Painted Lady’ offers an unusual blend of colors on one plant. The stems, sheaths, leaf petioles, and the lead edges are vivid coral. The leaf blade is a lime green speckled with darker green and yellow. Overall, ‘Painted Lady’ is a striking addition to any collection. The word philodendron comes from two Greek terms, philus and dendron, translating to tree-loving. In their natural habitat throughout the world’s tropical belt, they are found growing on or in close association with trees; many as vines. Although they prefer warmer temperatures, well drained soils, constant moisture, and higher humidity levels, philodendrons make incredibly tolerant decorations for the home or office. They are especially suitable for lower light levels, requiring minimal care in all situations. The Plant Shop: retailing daily from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. =) Gardening in St. Louis — The early flowering spring shrubs, such as azaleas and forsythia, may be pruned in May. Re- move some of the older stems at ground level, or head back considerably to control the height. Re- move up to one-third of the old stock on older shrubs. This will encourage new shoots to develop. Prune a second time in early June. Following pruning, lightly apply a balanced fertilizer, such as a 5-10-5 or 6- 12-12, around the base of the plants or use super- phosphate at the rate of three to four pounds per 100 square feet along with cottonseed meal on plants which like an acid type soil. All winter damage should be pruned back on shrub material now that they have made good growth. Prune to reshape and reform the plants. The addition of iron chelate and Epsom salts at the rate of one tablespoon per gallon of water applied to acid loving plants will help with the green-up. They will harden off better as far as late summer growing conditions are concerned. Holly leaf minor can be prevented by the use of Malathion or Zectran applied to the leaves, starting around the 10th of May and repeating application in about 10 days. Apply carefully to the top as well as the underside of the leaves for good control. Vegetable Gardens Vegetable gardens should be well under way at this point. Any time after the 10th of May, the warm season plants, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, squash and others, can be planted out in the garden. Seeds of such varieties can be planted immediately. In selecting these plants, make sure they are disease resistant and suitable for growing in the St. Louis area. Prior to planting, work in plenty of organic mat- ter such as leaf mold or compost along with about five pounds of superphosphate per 100 square feet. Plants should be mulched immediately to control weeds and moisture. Increase the mulch as plants develop in height so you end up with two or three inches of good mulch over all the areas. Mulching between seed rows can be done, adding more mulch here as the plants develop. Fertilizing and Insect Control Spring bulbs that have finished flowering should receive a light feeding of a balanced fertilizer such as 5-10-5. Approximately three to four weeks after flow- ering, all tops can be cut down to ground level if bulbs are going to be left in the ground throughout the summer months. If bulbs need to be moved, dig up carefully after flowering and move them into nursery rows in shrubbery or some area where they are out of the way, watering in well, and keeping well watered until tops die down naturally. Then the bulbs should be dug, dried and stored in cool dry areas until plant- 6 ing time next fall. Continue planting of glads at three week intervals for good flowering throughout the summer months. Dahlias should be planted im- mediately and new plants which are purchased set out after the 10th of May. These are excellent plants to grow in semi-shaded areas for late summer and fall color. Feed roses with a balanced fertilizer, if not done earlier, or feed liquid fertilizer such as 20-20-20 in early May which will encourage flowering. Spray the plants at regular intervals with Benlate alternated with Phaltan for good disease control, applying under- neath the leaves and on top immediately following any heavy rain or after plants have made several inches of new growth. Watch for insects and spray with a good insecticide such as Diazinon as soon as insects are first noticed. Treatment of Dutch elm disease should be under- taken any time in late May. Contact qualified arborists to have this work and any necessary pruning on the elms done to keep them in good condition. —Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist The Garden Answers The Garden Answers, by Robert J. Dingwall with an introduction by Peter Raven, Garden director, was published by Cadillac Publishing Co., Inc., in early April. The book contains more than 1600 answers to the most often asked questions about every phase of gardening. The author has been chief horticulturist at the Garden since 1969. In addition, he writes a weekly garden column for the Globe-Democrat. The book is on sale at the Garden Gate Shop for $6.95. several Days In May... The St. Louis Horticultural Society will hold its annual spring show May 20-21. The Floral Display House will be ablaze with roses, iris and a variety of cut spring flowers. House plants will be featured as well. May also will be rose month, not only in our two rose gardens, but in the Rose Society’s show to be held in the Floral Display House May 27 and 28. The show will be open to the public from 2 to 5 p.m. on Saturday and 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Sunday. The show will feature roses by color group, by single specimen and by three specimens to a container. Miniatures will be featured as well. Tropical Biology Meeting The Committee on Research Priorities in Tropi- cal Biology, of which Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden di- rector, is chairman, met at the Garden on March 17 and 18. Funded by the National Science Foundation, a two-year study by the committee will focus on cer- tain aspects of research in tropical forest biology. As- sessments will be made of the rate of destruction of humid tropical forests and a plan will be outlined for a series of research programs in the tropics. The committee is composed of 13 scientists from all over the world. This initial meeting will be followed by others in the course of the two-year study. Mark Your Calendar May 6-21: “Subtropical Treasures of Japan’—Climatron Through May 14: “Plants of Classical Lands” — Mediterranean House May 14: Japanese Festival May 20-21: St. Louis Horticultural Society Show — Floral Display House May 27-28: Rose Society Show— Floral Display House May 27-June 18: “First Fruits of the Holy Land’—Mediterranean House 1978 PITZMAN NATURE PROGRAM Call the Education Department now for registration forms. ARBORETUM PROGRAMS June 26, 28, 30 Sense of Wonder: a time of sharing the natural world for parents and children. July 10-13 Four Days on the Meramec: July 17-20 natural awareness and river ecology from a canoe. July 25-29 Natural Awareness: Close contact with nature through personal experiences in the out-of-doors. GARDEN PROGRAMS June 19-23 The Green Machine: exploring June 26-30 plant life around the world in July 17-21 gardens and greenhouses. July 5, 6, 7 One Day Experiences: Three approaches to fun with plants, offered singly or as a package. July 11-14 Family Plant Explorers: a parent- child program providing activities in growing and using plants. Herb Society Welcomes Five New Members Five provisional members were welcomed into active membership at the St. Louis Herb Society’s first meeting of 1978. These women worked as provi- sionals for one year, attending meetings, working in the Herb Garden to see how plants are set out, at- tending workshops in the greenhouse to learn how the Herb Society meets Garden plans, cooking with herbs and learning the history of herb gardening. The new members are Mrs. Tobin Carlin, Mrs. Eric Jordan, Mrs. Henry Knock, Mrs. John McCarthy, Mrs. J. Sullentrop and Mrs. Paul Young. There are two new provisional members: Mrs. William A. Wilkin- son and Mrs. Albert C. Grimm. Progress is being made on the Society’s “Herbs in Art” project, which will be on display June 10, at the “Picnic at the Garden,” a festival planned by the Executive Board of the Members. The Herb Society has three committees working on three handmade projects: a needlepoint rug, a quilt and dried flower crafts. Mrs. John McCarthy, who gave an illustrated lecture at the meeting on her trip to an embroidery school in Copenhagen, Denmark, displayed her Flowers and Herbs in Danish design, a beautiful bell pull and an embroidered herb to be framed. MEMBERSHIP—MARCH 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer MARCH 1978 Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom SUSTAINING Mrs. Watson Blair os Dr./Mrs. James R. Criscione Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. : Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Geders Mr./Mrs. E. R. Parsons, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mr. Edward R. Spence Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. REGULAR Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Paul Brockman Mr./Mrs. Charles M. Copley, Jr. Mrs. Margaret W. Erlanger Mr./Mrs. T. D. Frank Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Kopman Mr./Mrs. Milton Kushkin Mr./Mrs. Glenn W. Lueke Mr./Mrs. James D. Newell Mr. Neil Adams, Jr. Ms. Elaine Alexander Mr. Daniel G. Armbuster Ms. Elayne Baumgart Mr. Michael D. Baumgart Misss Carol Ann Bien Ms. Kathy Bordua Mr./Mrs. Ronald F. Borgmann Mrs. Richard J. Bower Mr./Mrs. Robert Braun Mr./Mrs. Earl Burckhardt Mr./Mrs. Ralph Casey, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Charles B. Castro Mrs. William Collinger Mr./Mrs. Laverta M. Copeland Mrs. Iris Jean Courtway Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Crank, Jr. Ms. Ann Day Mr. David Diley-Mem’s G. C. of Parkway Ms. Kathleen J. Dirhold Ms. Carol Eaton Mr./Mrs. Alan E. Ecker Mr./Mrs. Harry L. Ellis Mr./Mrs. Edward H. Fohrman Mr. Terry W. Francis Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Franz Mr. Frederick J. Friedewald Mrs. Ann R. Groesch Mr./Mrs. William H. Harrison, Jr. Mrs. John Harruff Dr./Mrs. Aaron Hendin Mr./Mrs. Ralph Hertlein Highland Gardens Nursery Inc. Mr./Mrs. E. Bent Hotze Mr. Russell C. Hudler Mr. John Hume Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Hutcheson Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Jersa Mr./Mrs. William R. Jobson Mr./Mrs. Floyd S. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Gary P. Kaplan Mr./Mrs. Lawrence P. Kaplan Mr./Mrs. Thomas C. Killoren Mr. Ray L. Kirkman Mr./Mrs. John Klaric Mr./Mrs. Richard A. Koch Mr./Mrs. Charles S. Korn Mr./Mrs. William C. Krato Mrs. Verka Kroteff Ms. Deborah A. Lada Sister M. Lillian Mr./Mrs. Donald C. Lochmoeller Mr./Mrs. John F. Ludeman Mr./Mrs. A. C. Luskow Mrs. T. K. Mangelsdorf Mr./Mrs. Zivojin Markovich Mr. Jeffrey L. Marsh Ms. Barbara Masson Mr. William A. Matzker Mr. Donald Maxwell Mr./Mrs. M. L. McCartney Mr./Mrs. |. C. Miller Mr./Mrs. Roger Moll Mr./Mrs. Ken Morrison Mr./Mrs. James J. Neskas Mr. James L. Otis Mr./Mrs. J. E. Paubel Dr./Mrs. V. P. Perna Dr./Mrs. David R. Pesses Mr./Mrs. Ray Pickett Mr./Mrs. H. L. Poe Mr. Michael H. Pursley Mr./Mrs. Rod Rasmussen Mr. James A. Ray Mr./Mrs. William Resetarits Mr. Michael D. Richardson Mr. David A. Rintoul Mr. Bill Rostenberg Mr./Mrs. David Royce Mr./Mrs. John E. Ruzie, Jr. Miss Nancy St. Jean Mr. Walter A. Schaefer Mr. James E. Schoenberger Mr./Mrs. Don Seehafer Mr./Mrs. James Shaw, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Chung YuShen Ms. Barbara Shirley Mr./Mrs. Arthur Shulman Mr./Mrs. Glynn Shumake Mr./Mrs. Bruce S. Smith Mr./Mrs. Horace Smith Mr. Maurice Smith Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Snyder Mr./Mrs. W. Stenson Mrs. Florence J. Thiele Mr./Mrs. Max Towler Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Tummons Mr./Mrs. Tracy P. Unger Mr./Mrs. Lawrence J. Vangels Mr./Mrs. W. L. VanVlieck Mrs. John E. Verral Ms. Ann M. Vismara Ms. Mytha Vogt Ms. Henrietta Voskamp Mr./Mrs. H. N. Wallerstedt, Jr. Mr. Earnest P. Ward Mr./Mrs. Edward Warden Mr. Charles W. Watt Ms. Elsie Weiner Mr. David Wells Dr./Mrs. John P. Welty Mr. William N. Wider Miss. Dolores Wildhaber Mr. Ronald J. Wolf Mr./Mrs. Jack A. Wulfmeyer Mr. Robert C. Young MARCH TRIBUTES In Honor of Hazel Loewenwarter’s 75th Birthday Wally and Jonas Weil In Memory of Mr. Eugene H. Angert St. Louis Horticultural Society In Memory of Irvin Bettman, Jr. Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock In Memory of Mr. Julius Boehmer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Walter Hamilton In Memory of Mrs. Nancy Boyd Mrs. Albert Becker Mrs. Mary Bird Mrs. Margaret Edmunds Mrs. Doris Good Mrs. J. Kern Mrs. Helen Seifert Mrs. Nyla Tompkins In Memory of Richard C. Bradley Mr./Mrs. Bernard Blomberg In Memory of Mr. Henry Corcoran Ms. Jean Althoff Ms. Wille Braudrick Ms. Jane Cablish Ms. Cynthia Georges Ms. Chris Green Ms. Debbie Hauser Ms. Susan Heggarty Mr. Joe Heggeman Ms. Doris Herman Ms. Jane Hoppaw Mr. Charles Hughes Interdata, Oceanport, N.J. Ms. Dorothy Jones Ms. Kathleen Lask Ms. Erma Matthews Ms. Elbrey Munger Mr./Mrs. William Nolan and Son Ms. Karen Norris Ms. Fay O’Shea The Perkins-Elmer Corp. (Dallas, Chicago, Kansas City, and Cleveland Offices) Ms. Karen Philhours Mr. Randall Pierce Ms. Marlene Poger Mrs. Carolyn Schwartz Ms. Helen Smith Ms. Lillian Tucker Ms. Janet Vaughn Ms. Vivian Weger In Memory of Mrs. Edna Clement Branch yc Kathleen Wetheroth Arthur M. Branch, Jr. In Memory of Raymond Conway Mr./Mrs. Don Grunick Ms. Mary Wright In Memory of Beulah Crafton Mrs. Alice Taylor In Memory of Robert Dennis Puppy Palace Enterprises, Inc. In Memory of Mrs. Viola Ellis Mrs. Joyce Hancock Mr./Mrs. George Koonce In Memory of Mr. Benton Gabbert Mrs. F. Donald McDonald In Memory of Mrs. George K. Hasegawa Mrs. O. W. Branneky Mary M. Ott In Memory of Miss Cordelia Kauffman Mr. Robert L. Blanke, Jr. In Memory of William C. Krueger Rose Society of Greater St. Louis Viola Villard In Memory of Helene Kunz Mr./Mrs. Russell A. Schulte In Memory of Marvin Levin Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littman In Memory of Mrs. Nelson Levis Jane V. Henry In Memory of Mr. Rolland E. Meyers Mr./Mrs. Vincent R. Bohlman & Family In Memory of George W. Miller, Sr. June and Fred Fangmann In Memory of Mr. Gifford Montague R. Clark Becker In Memory of Hazel Taylor Princell Dr. & Mrs. A. E. Fathman In Memory of Mr. William J. Ragan Mrs. William J. Ragan In Memory of Mary G. Roll Ann M. Kroeger In Memory of Mrs. Saller Mr./Mrs. J. Anton Mr./Mrs. R. Carr Mr./Mrs. J. Craig In Memory of Hugh Semple Mr./Mrs. Alan S. Atkins In Memory of Stuart Pinkney Smith Mr./Mrs. Ralph L. Smith In Memory of Mr. John Whitlock Dolores and Bill Hoeffel In Memory of Frank R. Wietecter Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech In Memory of Mr. Martin C. Woodruff Dorothy J. Woodruff MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 James Reed SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden hari St. Louis Illustrated, KMOX-TV’s Emmy award-winning public affairs series, was telecast live from the Garden on the last Saturday in April, focus- ing for one colorful hour on Garden history, current display attractions and the Garden's work in botani- cal education and research. “We have been attempting to focus St. Louis Illustrated on St. Louis itself,” said Robert Schnorf, producer of the series, ‘to enhance the civic pride and spirit which St. Louisans already have. The Garden, particularly in springtime, was a ‘natural’ in more ways than one.” The project, begun in March, was unusual for the Garden and demanded a major Garden com- mitment in terms of organization and manpower. “We recognized the tremendous opportunity which was presented to us,” said Susan Flowers, director of public relations, “in terms of telling the Garden story to a great number of people. And we also rec- ognized our responsibility to put together a final product of quality.” Developed by Schnorf and his St. Louis Illus- trated production team were plans for an hour-long mix of entertainment, education and outdoor Garden tour. The south end of the Japanese Garden lake would be “home base” for the show; great advan- tage would be taken of the Garden's springtime vis- uals, I.e., various colorful outdoor and indoor display elements; entertainment would be provided by the Herb Drury Trio and a dancer from the Simms Academy of Dance in ballet in the Climatron. Additionally, the Garden’s new electric tram sys- tem would be used as a mobile camera platform for a moving, tour-interview with Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. The largest imponderable was the weather. Saturday, April 29, was typically spring in St. Louis — heavy cloud cover, less-than-balmy tem- Dr. Peter H. Raven, right, Garden director, and Robert Schnorf, producer of KMOX-TV's St. Louis Illustrated, discuss production points prior to the recent hour-long live telecast from the Mediterranean House. peratures and intermittent rainfall throughout the day. Immediate adjustments had to be made. First, ‘home base’ was moved from the outdoor setting by the Japanese Garden lake into the Mediterranean House. Then, taking advantage of rainless periods, the KMOX-TV crew pre-taped Dr. Raven’s interview, only to discover later that an equipment failure had rendered most of it useless. The hour-long program opened with music by the Herb Drury Trio, performing in the botanical set- (Continued on Page 2) Volume LXVI Number 6 June 1978 Camelot Grant supports Library The CAMELOT Fund of the Arts and Education Council of Greater St. Louis has provided a grant of $10,000 to assist the Garden’s library conservation program. Funds from the grant will be used for the repair and restoration of fragile items from the li- brary’s extensive rare book collections, for making Solander boxes for rare book storage and for con- tinuing the library’s program of treating all leather book bindings with preservatives in order to arrest deterioration and prolong the useful life of the books. The Garden’s conservation program ranks as one of the most comprehensive preservation efforts of any library in the country. Staff members Morton Deutch and Bill Panos, and volunteers Don Nieder- lander, Mary Wahl, Maryann Eger, Rose Mary Rudde, and Christy Love run an efficient program that not only performs book restoration and routine preventive treatments on the book collections, but also mats prints and pictures for framing, repairs torn documents and fragile maps, makes pamphlet bind- ings, manufactures boxes for the storage of prints, removes centuries-old accumulations of dirt and grime from library materials, and meets almost any preservation challenge that comes its way. The generosity of the CAMELOT Fund is helping to assure that the priceless heritage of the Garden's library can be preserved for the benefit and enjoy- ment of future generations. ~2 a. * : % Sees. j “ sole er em vel eat! See fl * ota Katherine Siegmund, a member of the Garden’s new group of Japanese Garden volunteers, offers her brand of tender loving care to the dry garden. 2 Stolar Exhibit oe AS ys ig b was Speak a. Mrs. Ruth Stolar, St. Louis artist at work near the Climatron. An exhibit of oils by St. Louis artist Ruth Stolar, whose work was the subject of the Garden’s first art show in 1961, will open in the Floral Display House on Sunday, June 11 and will be on continual display for three weeks. Mrs. Stolar’s display will include more than 30 oil paintings, about half of that number dealing with Gar- den subjects and the remainder St. Louis area land- scapes and still life paintings. Mrs. Stolar has used the Garden as a living art subject for more than 20 years, choosing the setting because of its great beauty and the variety of subject matter. In 1961, her three-week exhibition in the Floral Display House was the first ever held at the Garden, sponsored by the Members in order to encourage area artists to use the Garden as an artistic resource. A reception formally opening the exhibit will be held from 3-5 p.m. on Sunday, June 11, in the Floral Display House. woh tek KMOX-TV (Continued from Page 1) ting of the Mediterranean House. Segments which followed included a lengthy interview with Dr. Raven concerning the Garden’s current programs and fu- ture plans; the Climatron ballet; and color videotape “cuts” of the Japanese Garden, the English Wood- land Garden and Tower Grove House. “Problems, of course, tend to stick in your mind long after the show is over,” said Mrs. Flowers. “But, in fact, they were overcome through the incredible competence and quick thinking of the KMOX-TV production team. What should stick in our minds is the interesting and informative 60 minutes of pro- gramming which were put together by the Garden and by KMOX.” The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign The Garden in Israel During February and March of this year, Dr. Marshall Crosby of the Garden’s botany department visited Israel. The purpose of this visit was several- fold: since Dr. Crosby is collaborating in the Mosses of Israel project, it was important for him to see Is- raeli mosses growing in the field to gain a better understanding of them. Also, since he has 15 years’ experience collecting mosses, he could help his Is- raeli collaborators perfect the collecting techniques, both from the point of view of where to look for mos- ses and how best to treat the specimens. Finally, Dr. Crosby was to discuss progress already made on the project and plan for the next year’s work. In October, 1976, the Garden began a joint re- search project with the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Its goal is to publish a book describing, discussing, and illustrating the mosses of Israel. The first phase of the project brought Dr. Ilana Herrnstadt from Hebrew University to St. Louis for nine months of study and training, using the Garden’s herbarium and library resources as well as moss specimens brought by her from Israel. During this period several collectors were gathering additional specimens in various parts of Israel under the direction of Prof. Clara Heyn, who is also collaborating in the project. Israel is not thought of as a particularly “mossy” place. Mark Twain described the area as “forbidden desolation” when he visited there. However, mosses are adaptable plants, and about 160 species have been catalogued from Israel. Since the beginning of the Garden project, about 40 which were not previ- ously known from the country have been identified. Thus, there are probably about 200 kinds in the country, most of them also occurring in Europe but with a significant number from more eastern (Asiatic) or southern (African) areas. A good example of how much is yet to be learned about the mosses of Israel and why the project is being carried out in a cooperative fashion are the collections made by Dr. Crosby and his col- leagues at David’s Spring, near Ein Gedi, about 25 km (15 miles) southeast of Jerusalem, on the Dead Sea, and therefore about 380 meters (1150 feet) below sea level. The area around this oasis is de- sert, inhabited by scattered shrubs and very few mosses. Near the spring six mosses were collected. They were studied in the herbarium at Hebrew Uni- versity, and three were identified as previously known from Israel, while one represented a new re- cord for the flora. The remaining two could not be identified using the literature and collections avail- able in Jerusalem, but they clearly have not previ- ously been reported from Israel and apparently do not occur in Europe or nearby Middle Eastern coun- tries. Duplicates will be sent to St. Louis and perhaps to specialists in England and Buffalo, New York, for additional study. The few kinds of mosses around David's Spring were very abundant and clearly important in the local ecosystem. Some of them help bind the soil to- gether, slowing erosion and providing seedbeds for flowering plants. Others occur in calcium rich water- falls and contribute to the formation of tufa, a soft, friable calcareous rock. The U.S.-lsrael Binational Science Foundation recently announced in Jerusalem that it will support this worthwhile project for the next three years. The first years’ funding will be 183,000 Israeli pounds, or about $11,500. The grant, made to Hebrew Univer- sity with Drs. Heyn, Herrnstadt and Crosby as co- principal investigators, will provide funds for salaries, field work and technical services in Israel. When this joint research project is completed, we will have contributed to a better understanding of what kinds of mosses occur in Israel, where they occur and what they do there. Dr. Gentry Returns From Brasilia Dr. Al Gentry of the Garden staff has recently returned from Brasilia where he attended the second Latin American Botanical Congress and an executive meeting of the Flora Neotropica Organization. Dr. Gentry has been elected recently to the executive board of Flora Neotropica and, at the Brasilia meeting, was selected as the board's secre- tary for the next three years. Selection of a Garden staff member as a director of this international organi- zation is another indication of the worldwide esteem accorded the Garden's expertise in tropical botany. Two other Garden staff members — Dr. Thomas Croat and Dr. William D’Arcy — are also actively in- volved in the Flora Neotropica Organization and are members of its Commission. James Reed Elected Library Network Director James Reed, the Garden’s head librarian, was elected a director-at-large of the new St. Louis Mis- souri Regional Library Network at the organization's first annual meeting. As a director, Mr. Reed will be working closely with other librarians throughout the metropolitan area to improve present library services and to develop new services and programs for library patrons in the city of St. Louis and in the Missouri counties of Franklin, Gasconade, Jefferson, St. Charles, St. Louis and Warren. Among the many projects the new Regional Network may consider are such activities as improving delivery services among area libraries, developing an on-line bibliographic data base of library holdings, coordinating acquisi- tions programs among libraries and making access to collections easier for library patrons. 3 Platycerium grande There are about seventeen species of large, spreading or droopy epiphytic (air loving) ferns of the tropics and subtropics that are identified by the name Staghorn Fern. The selection of the month for the Wardian Case is a very special member of this group — Platycerium grande. Collected between 1836 and 1840 on the island of Luzon in the Philippines by H. Cummings, P grande has always been a collector’s oddity. Prized for its unusually ornate sterile frond formations unlike those of other platyceriums, the fern has commanded much attention for the limited time it has been com- mercially available. The fertile fronds resemble stag antlers; the sterile fronds act as anchors, securing the plant to whatever it is growing on. Its epiphytic characteristics make it a perfect subject for hanging baskets, plaque or log culture. Ideally, P grande prefers high humidity and high light levels. It will perform quite well in any well lighted room that has 40 to 50 per cent humidity. Water should be applied to yield an evenly moist condition at all times. The Plant Shop, retailing daily from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., has a fine selection of small plants in four- inch pots ready for mounting or transplanting. Telephone Pioneers Rake and Dig for a Day More than 90 Telephone Pioneers contributed more than six hours of their time to numerous outdoor tasks throughout the Garden on Saturday, April 22. Many entire families were represented and could be seen raking leaves in the rose garden, digging up Spent bulbs in front of the John S. Lehmann Building, digging up sod. The tireless efforts of these volunteers are most appreciated by all. 4 Volume One of New Series Published by Garden How many species of vascular plants are there in North America? An approximate answer to this ques- tion and others related to the flora North America are contained in the first volume of a new series of publi- cations by the Garden — Monographs in Systematic Botany. This 200-page volume is entitled “A Provisional Checklist of Species for Flora North America (re- vised)” and was edited by S. G. Shetler and L. E. Skog of the Smithsonian Institution. The societal and scientific need for a general information system con- cerning the native and naturalized plants of North America is recognized by the botanical community, and this publication is a means to that end. The provi- sional list will be scrutinized and revised by botanists with the goal of producing an authoritative inventory of the flora North America. How many species of vascular plants? Accord- ing to Monographs in Systematic Botany: 16,274. gee be i A RES rn pe. Mrs. Erna Eisendrath, long-time Garden supporter and teacher at Washington University, autographs her recently-published book, Missouri Wildflowers of the St. Louis Area, during an author's session in the Floral Display House. = SEB MEETING JUNE 11-14 The annual meeting of the Society for Economic Botany will be held at the Garden June 11-14, featuring a symposium entitled “The Role of the Botanical Garden in the Exploration for Useful Plants,” and a lecture by the Distin- guished Economic Botanist for 1978. There will also be sessions for contributed papers, and a number of field trips and social activities. The meeting is being coordinated by Dr. Thomas Croat of the Garden staff. Gardening in St. Louis ERM ES Rott This is a busy month in the garden. Plan to work in the garden early in the morning or early in the evening when temperatures are cooler. It is important when watering to water plants heavily, equal to about two inches of rain so that watering only every 10 to 14 days is sufficient. This is much preferred to a light daily watering. When spraying plants for insect or disease control, avoid spraying when temperatures are above 85°. Spraying in the early morning is ideal; however, spraying also can be done in early evening if the plants dry off before night sets in. In spraying or dusting, make sure that the underside of the leaves are covered first and then cover the tops of the leaves. For spider mites on roses, one should use Kelthane alternated with Omite for best control, apply- ing the spray once every three days for at least four applications. Mulching All plants should have additional mulch applied over what was put on a year ago. Clean areas thoroughly of weeds before applying the mulch. Azaleas, rhododendrons, hollies and other acid- loving plants should not be cultivated around the base because they are surface rooting. Cover with a good mulch to control weeds and moisture. A feeding of a balanced fertilizer such as a 5-10-5 or cottonseed meal with superphosphate is beneficial. If the leaves of azaleas or rhododendrons are a light, yellow green in color, the addition of iron chelate and Epsom salts at the rate of one tablespoon per gallon of water applied at the rate of one gallon for every six inches of plant height will help to correct this situation and will also insure that plants harden off next fall. Lightly cultivate around the base of roses and feed with liquid fertilizer to increase their vigor. Some pruning of weak growth may be necessary to insure sturdier canes and better flowering throughout the balance of the summer. Spray for mildew and black spot at regular intervals, especially after any heavy rain. Phaltan alternated with Acti-dione is ideal for this control. Dividing Mums Chrysanthemums can still be divided, setting out single shoots, pinching the top back to insure bushi- ness, applying regular feedings of fertilizer at two- week intervals. Keeping the plants moderately moist will insure good fall bloom. Gladiolus can be planted at two-week intervals up to and including early July. Annuals may still be planted in various areas of the garden. Seedlings sown direct can be moved on a cloudy day; water them in well using a liquid fertilizer at half the recommended strength to offset the shock in transplanting. Protect them from full sun the first couple of days. Pinch annuals to encourage branch- ing out and compactness. Oriental poppies and bleeding hearts can be transplanted now. Dig up the plants with as much root intact as possible, cut roots into two to three inch sections and plant covering about an inch deep. New plants will soon form, and flower the following spring. Crabgrass Control A second application of pre-emergent for crab- grass should be applied by mid June to give complete control during the summer months. Crabgrass that was not controlled earlier can be sprayed with a post-emergent recommended for crabgrass control. Apply when there is little or no wind, being careful not to get it on any other plants. Use a separate sprayer for weed control, because it is almost impossible to wash this out and use it for other purposes without killing them as well. Aluminum foil placed underneath squash and Cucumber vines will reflect light underneath the leaves and will help to control squash bugs, which prefer dark areas. Little or no spraying is required when the aluminum foil is used. Small rocks placed on the edges will keep it in place. The tops of tulips, daffodils and other spring flowering bulbs can now be removed to within one- half inch of ground level, because the plants will have made enough nourishment for flowering next year. Lawn areas where bulbs have been planted, once the tops are cut down, can be fertilized to help stimulate greener grass. Vegetables Many of the warm crop vegetable plants, such as beans, cucumbers, squash and tomatoes, can still be planted in the garden. Prepare ground well and either plant small plants or sow seed direct. Inspect indoor houseplants to make sure they are free of spider and other insects. Apply liquid fer- tilizer periodically to keep them in good condition. Occasional pinching to control the growth and shape of the plants will be necessary. Avoid overwatering at this time of year and keep plants out of the direct drafts of air conditioners. Those who have room can move plants outdoors, if this has not already been done. Check areas where they are placed to be sure they are free of slugs and insects. These plants should be fed at regular intervals and pinched to en- courage good growth and good shape. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Fruit Garden Planted A new demonstration fruit garden has been planted in the northwest area of the Garden featur- ing dwarf fruit trees and in the future other small fruits as well. Some of these trees will be espaliered. The trees are a gift of Stark Brothers Nurseries and Orchard Co. of Louisiana, Missouri. The Garden is grateful for the gift because this new feature will be of great interest to Garden visitors. The orchard will be supplemented by a complete vegetable garden. 5 Members Invited ‘Down Under’ The Garden will sponsor a Members’ trip to New Zealand, Australia, and Tahiti — that unbelieveable land “down under” — from Nov. 3-25. The tour will be escorted by Dr. Marshall Crosby, director of research at the Garden. Local horticultural groups will host the members at private gardens and homes not ordinarily on public view. Highlights of the tour include a Milford Sound cruise and visits to an Australian sheep station and Rotorua’s thermal wonderland. Deluxe hotel accommodations will be featured. For further information, please call Montclair Travel at 314/367-3000, or the Garden, 314/772-7600, ext. 25. Magnet School Red Ribbon Fourth grade No. 209 at the Stix Magnet School has won a red ribbon in the Monsanto Post-Dispatch Science Fair for their class project: “Under Which Conditions do Plants Grow Best?” Mrs. Dolores Pepple and her students designed this experiment, with materials and assistance from the Garden’s Education Department, in connec- tion with the Magnet School Project. In the class- room, the students designed the experiment to in- clude 12 different conditions under which the peperomia might grow. Some of the conditions tried were upside down, in darkness, suspended in mid- air, with lots of water and near the heater. As a result of their experimentation, the students decided that the peperomia and plants in general do best in fresh air and sunlight with soil and water. MEMBERSHIP — APRIL 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. Waison K. Blair Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr. James H. Howe, III Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. 6 Mrs. Tom K. Smith Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, II Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS APRIL 1978 SPONSORING Mrs. T. Randolph Potter Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Westerbeck SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. William A. Frank Dr./Mrs. Walter D. Kistler Loy-Lange Box Company Mr./Mrs. Herbert K. Moss Mr./Mrs. Henry E. Rathert Mr. John E. Renner CONTRIBUTING Dr./Mrs. David H. Alpers Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Cary Mr./Mrs. Wm. W. Halliday Mr. R. L. Hovis, Jr. Mr./Mrs. H. A. Markwort Mr./Mrs. Roy L. Robbins Mr./Mrs. John A. Semmelmeyer Mr. L. R. Wentzel NEW MEMBERSHIPS SUSTAINING Mrs. Alvin A. Diehr Mrs. Clyde P. Dyer Mr./Mrs. Marquis D. Hilbert Mrs. Lyle W. Johnson Mrs. John A. Latzer Dr. James C. Vest CONTRIBUTING Mr. John P. Ansehl Mr./Mrs. John H. Brooks Mr./Mrs. F. Carl Burt Ms. Irene Donahoe Mr./Mrs. Larry J. Eisenkramer Mrs. Florence M. Gabanski Mr./Mrs. Alan G. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Harold G. Lieberman Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. McAllister Mr. Robert L. Merideth Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Riek Mr./Mrs. S. Rinaberger Mr. Allen J. Theiler Mr. H. E. Vahrenhorst Dr./Mrs. Hugh R. Waters REGULAR Mr./Mrs. Harry Abrams Ms. Vivian D. Adams Ms. Donna Ahlert Ms. Sherrill H. Akyol Mrs. Mary Alba Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Albert Mrs. Cleo S. Allen Mr./Mrs. C. W. Allendoerfer Mr. Joseph D. Ambro Mr. Gunnard W. Anderson Mr./Mrs. George H. Andrews Mrs. Clola B. Ansley Mr./Mrs. Charles N. Arend Dixie Aronberg Mr./Mrs. Harold J. Augustin Mr./Mrs. David A. Augustynek Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Babione Mr./Mrs. B. J. Baebler Mr. Robert Baer Drs. Ranjit and Lata Bagwe Mr./Mrs. M. H. Bailey Mrs. Mary C. Baker Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Baldassare Mr. William G. Barnhill Mr./Mrs. Robert P. Barnidge Mr. David Baron Mr./Mrs. Louis Baruzzini Mr./Mrs. Herman O. Bauermeister Mr. W. A. Bay Mr./Mrs. Barnett D. Bearman Mr./Mrs. William J. Beattie Ill Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Bechtold Mr./Mrs. Albert Z. Becker Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Bell Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Belz Mr./Mrs. George E. Bengard Mrs. Florence A. Bennett Mr. Milton Bennett Mrs. H. W. Bentrup Mr./Mrs. Robert Berg Miss Eleanor A. Bergfeld Mr. Burton C. Bernard Misses Josephine & Catherine Berra Dr./Mrs. Daniel R. Biello Ms. Barbara Bitter Mrs. Dorothy V. Blanchard Ms. Donna Bodart Mr. Phil G. Bolian Mrs. John R. Bolin Mr./Mrs. H. F. Boman Mr./Mrs. A. P. Bonifas Mrs. Bernice W. Bostick Mr./Mrs. Martin A. Boudro Mr./Mrs. John H. Brackbill Miss Betty A. Bradley Ms. Susan L. Bragg Mr. Eldon V. Brandon Mr./Mrs. Robert D. Bransford Mr./Mrs. John A. Brereton Mr. Richard L. Brewer Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Bridgeroom Mrs. Wm. M. Bridwell Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Brockmeier Cynthia L. Brooks Mr. Montgomery F. Brooks Mr. Kurt Brotherson Mr./Mrs. George W. Brown Mrs. Jewell Brown Ms. Kathleen S. Brown Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Brown Dr./Mrs. Robert M. Bruce Mr./Mrs. Erwin O. Brueggeman Mr. Nicholas P. Bruno Ms. Ruth A. Bryant Mr. E. Edward Buder Dr./Mrs. William C. Burckhardt Mrs. Roma S. Burks Mr./Mrs. Luke J. Burns Mr./Mrs. Elbert W. Burr Mr./Mrs. Frank Bush Mrs. John R. Buss Mr./Mrs. Virgil J. Byrd Mr./Mrs. Gerard M. Gallaghan Mrs. Mary T. Carich Miss Edna Carter Ms. Mary Carter Mrs. Louise Chauvin Mr./Mrs. Frank Cheney, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Robert Cignetti Mr./Mrs. Michael L. Clement Mr./Mrs. Alfred T. Clements Mr./Mrs. Donald L. Cochran Mr./Mrs. James B. Cochran Mrs. Alice O. Coffman Mr./Mrs. Sidney Cohen Mr./Mrs. W. Milton Conrad Mr./Mrs. Daniel G. Corrigan Mr./Mrs. Fred M. Cotsworth Mr./Mrs. Ralph Cox Dr./Mrs. Philip E. Cryer Mr./Mrs. Francis R. Curley Mr./Mrs. H. M. Curran Mr./Mrs. Milton L. Daugherty Ms. Janet Dauwalter Mr./Mrs. J. R. Davis Mr./Mrs. Leo J. Davis Mr./Mrs. Sam M. Deal Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Debosek Mr./Mrs. Geo. P. Deibel Mrs. August J. Dennis Mr./Mrs. Gary L. Densing Mrs. Vernon R. DeWitt Rabbi/Mrs. J. Diamond Mr. Robert L. Dick Mr./Mrs. T. H. Dinwiddie Mrs. Frank E. Dolson Mr./Mrs. James W. Donahoe Mr./Mrs. Chas L. Doris Mr./Mrs. L. William Dorr Mr./Mrs. Patrick D. Dorsey Mr./Mrs. B. C. Downs Mr./Mrs. Russell P. Doyle Mr./Mrs. Irvin Dubinsky Dr./Mrs. Eugene W. Dunlap Mr./Mrs. Eugene C. Eastman Mrs. Ethel F. Eckles Mr./Mrs. Geo. F. Edelen Mr. Harold P. Eichorst Mrs. Edwin S. Elder Mr. Roger Elliott Mr. G. J. Ellis Mr. Larry T. Endraske Miss Marilyn M. Eoickson Ms. Elvera Erbs Mrs. Wm. Ernst Mr./Mrs. A. David Evans Miss Diane Eydmann Ms. Patricia A. Fanning L. Fecarotta Mr./Mrs. John M. Ferguson Mr./Mrs. W. H. Ferguson Mr./Mrs. James H. Fields Dr./Mrs. H. H. Fingert Dr./Mrs. Lewis C. Fischbein Mr./Mrs. Hans H. Fischer Mrs. Wilbur E. Fisher Mr./Mrs. Frank Flinn Mr./Mrs. C. D. Fogleman Mr./Mrs. John W. Forbis Mr./Mrs. Chester L. Fox Mr./Mrs. Steve Frates Mr./Mrs. Mathia L. Frick Mr./Mrs. Robert Fulstone Mrs. Regina Gagel Mrs. Mary A. Gallatin Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Gantz Mr. Lance Garrett Mr./Mrs. Wm. M. Garrett Mr./Mrs. James B. Gaughen Janet Gentilini Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Gentry Dr./Mrs. Philip George Mr./Mrs. Sam Gibson Mr./Mrs. William E. Giese Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Gill Mr./Mrs. M. Jack Gillum Mr./Mrs. August Gmachl Mr./Mrs. John G. Goessling Mr./Mrs. Jack Goldenberg Mr. Steven H. Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Morris Golman Mr. Herbert Goodman Dr./Mrs. H. A. Goodrich Mr./Mrs. Keith C. Govra Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Grady Mr. E. W. Grafeman Mr./Mrs. Roy F. Graham Miss Helen M. Grandcolas Dr. Gregory A. Grant Mrs. Helen S. Grant Mr. Robert W. Gray Mr./Mrs. Robt. P. Green Mr./Mrs. James F. Gregory Mr./Mrs. Virgil V. Griffith Mr./Mrs. Bernard B. Gross Mr./Mrs. Erik D. Gruendler Mr./Mrs. Geo. T. Guernsey III Miss Catherine |. Gurganus Mrs. Paul R. Halwe Mr./Mrs. James E. Hamilton Mrs. Oma R. Hamilton Mr. Robert A. Hamilton, Jr. Ms. Margaret R. Haring Mr./Mrs. W. Paul Harper Mr. J. S. Harrison Mr./Mrs. E. F. Hartke Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Hayes Mr. Paul W. Heaton Mr./Mrs. Clifford B. Hebrank Ms. Charlotte B. Hedgebeth Mr./Mrs. Richard A. Heidbreder Miss Lucille Heimburger Sister Martha Heimer Mr. W. H. Heinsohn Mr./Mrs. Theobald H. Hemm Mr./Mrs. Norman L. Henderson Ms. Mary A. Hess Ms. Emily Hessler Mr./Mrs. R. E. Hille Miss Shirley A. Hillebrand Mr./Mrs. Frederick E. Hines Mr. Thomas F. Hitchell Mr./Mrs. Wilfred F. Hoelscher Ms. Mary L. Hoevel Mrs. Harry L. Hofmeister Mr. R. G. Hohnsbeen Mr. James W. Holcroft Ms. Elaine Hood Rev. Dr./Mrs. Alvin H. Horst Mr./Mrs. Jesse Horstman Mr./Mrs. Stanley N. Horton Mr./Mrs. Fred Houska Miss Ann Hubel Mr./Mrs. Robt. G. Huber Mr. Fred P. Hubert Dr./Mrs. William Huffaker Mrs. Barbara Huffstot Dr./Mrs. Albert M. Huggins Mrs. R. Gladys Hughes Mr./Mrs. Robt. A. Humber Mr./Mrs. Jack Hunstein Mr. D. R. Hurtgen Ms. Jane Hurtt Mr./Mrs. Donald Hutson Mr./Mrs. Clinton U. Imboden Mrs. Milton R. Israel Mrs. Disney Jacobs Mr./Mrs. Adolph Jacobsmeyer Mr. Edward G. Jacoby Mr./Mrs. S. Kumar Jain Mr./Mrs. Norman C. Jamieson Mr./Mrs. Richard Janis Mr. Roy St. Jean Mr. A. C. Jecklin, Jr. Miss Norma F. Jenner Mr./Mrs. George Wm. Jewett Mr./Mrs. Rodney J. Jobb Mr./Mrs. W. B. Johannsen Dr./Mrs. H. Russell Johnston, Jr. Ms. Doris Jones Mrs. James B. Jones Mr./Mrs. John Jordan Ms. Vera B. Jordan Mrs. E. A. Jungclaus Mr. James J. Kaluza Dr. Owen S. Kantor Mr./Mrs. John Katsaras Mr. David Keifer Mr.Albert W. Keiser Miss Ethel E. Keller Mr./Mrs. Fred Keller Mr./Mrs. Gus V. Keller Miss Carolyn Ann Kelley Mr./Mrs. Paul C. Kelly Mr./Mrs. P. J. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. Mathew Klasskin Mr./Mrs. Walter R. Klostermeier Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Klote Mrs. Warren F. Knapp Mr./Mrs. Fred F. Knelange Mrs. Rosemary Knight Mr./Mrs. Joseph Knopf Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Koenig Mr./Mrs. Jack Kopolow Ms. Diane M. Korte Mr. Donald B. Kountz Mr./Mrs. Jonathan H. Kramer Mr./Mrs. Ronald E. Krebs Mr./Mrs. Raymond G. Kuecker Mr. Todd G. Kukuck Mr./Mrs. Edwin A. Kurtz Mr./Mrs. Vincent Kutzera Mrs. William H. Laird Mr./Mrs. Joseph R. Lakowski Mr./Mrs. Robert E. LaMear Mr./Mrs. Lee Lampert Mrs. J. E. Landes Mr./Mrs. Irvin H. Landwehr Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Langsdorf Mr. Paul LaVista Mr. Kenneth Lawrence Mr./Mrs. Ernest Leazer Mr./Mrs. Guy Lemcoe Mr./Mrs. Eugene B. Lentz Mr. O. W. Leonard Mr./Mrs. Michael Leonardelli Mr. Jack Lewis Mr./Mrs. John E. Lillicrap Ms. Constance Linck Dr./Mrs. Albert L. Lindel Mr. Kent Lion Mr./Mrs. Emil J. Lipic Mrs. Martin J. Lipic Mr./Mrs. Charles Lippert Dr./Mrs. Michael B. Lippmann Mr. C. G. Lochmann Mr. Daniel N. Logan Dr. Linda C. Loney Mr./Mrs. Barry E. Loughrane Ms. Jane Louzader Mr./Mrs. Lloyd Lueschaw Mrs. Katherine K. Lukefahr Alicia K. Lydon Mrs. Harry Lynch Mrs. Kathleen Lyons Mr./Mrs. Ronald L. Madi Mr./Mrs. James L. Magee Alice Martin Mr./Mrs. Allen F. Martin, Jr. Mr. Thomas B. Martin Mr. E. L. Massey Mrs. Carroll S. Mastin Mr./Mrs. N. D. Matsakis Mr./Mrs. L. Churchill Matthews, Jr. Mr. John E. Max Mr./Mrs. Peter McAdams Mr./Mrs. Dennis M. McCaffrey Mrs. Joan P. McCartney Mr./Mrs. Donald t. McClanahan Mr./Mrs. Haywood McClendon Ms. Katherine F McGhee Mr./Mrs. James S. Mclver Mr./Mrs. Bernard F. McMahon Mr. P. J. McMillon Rev. M. B. McNamee Mr./Mrs. Francis D. McVey Mr./Mrs. John J. Meier Ill Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Meiners Mr./Mrs. James R. Mendillo Mr./Mrs. Gary A. Mestman Mr. Andrew S. Meyer Mr. Paul W. Meyer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Grover Myers Mr./Mrs. Emil A. Milisci Mr. Steven Mintz Mr./Mrs. Gary A. Mitchell Mr./Mrs. Stephen D. Mitchell Mr./Mrs. Ira L. Mobbs Mrs. L. J. Monson Mrs. Fred E. Moore, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Gary E. Moore Mr./Mrs. Peter W. Moore Mr./Mrs. H. E. Morris Mr./Mrs. Raymond O. Morris Mr. Hugh Morrison, Jr. Miss Mary E. Morrison Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Morse Mrs. Goldia Moseley Mrs. Merle M. Mueller Mrs. Marion Muir Dr./Mrs. Charles M. Muran Mr./Mrs. George R. Murray Mrs. Nelson T. Murray Mr./Mrs. W. T. Myrick Dr./Mrs. James E. Neff Mrs. Ralph R. Neuhoff Mr./Mrs. William T. Newton Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Nichols Mr./Mrs. H. F. Niedringhaus III Mrs. Lucille Nienhaus Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Niesen Mr./Mrs. Charles Nobby Mr./Mrs. Robert A. North Mr./Mrs. Martin Oberman Mr./Mrs. Melville A. Ochsner Mr. Brian R. O'Leary Mr./Mrs. Edward L. O'Neill Mr./Mrs. L. V. Onkeles Mr./Mrs. Jules B. Orabka Mr./Mrs. R. N. Orms Mr./Mrs. David E. Orr Mr./Mrs. James B. Orthwein Mr./Mrs. Marvin J. Ortwerth Mrs. Marie C. Otis Judy Ottinger Mrs. Kenneth S. Otto Mr./Mrs. Don Overall Miss C. Frances Palazzolo Mr. Don L. Palmer Mrs. Marjorie M. Parent Ms. D. Diana Patty Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Patty Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Payne Ms. Beverly G. Pederson Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Pellett Mr./Mrs. Clyde Perry Mr./Mrs. William D. Phillips Mr./Mrs. W. S. Pins Mr./Mrs. George S. Plattenburg Mr./Mrs. John E. Polonye Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. Pond, Jr. Mrs. E. Elsworth Post Mr./Mrs. O. Neal Powers Mr./Mrs. Walter L. Proske Ms. Pat Prosser Mr./Mrs. R. Roger Pryor Mr./Mrs. Richard Purdy Mr./Mrs. William Purdy Mr. Robert C. Putnam, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Trout Rader Mr./Mrs. William C. Rainford Mr./Mrs. John Rammacher Ms. Anne Rankin Dr./Mrs. M. S. Rao Mr./Mrs. John Rapke Mr./Mrs. Reed C. Rasmussen Mr./Mrs. Phillip Reagan Mr./Mrs. John J. Reed Dr./Mrs. Lester T. Reese Dr./Mrs. Wayne W. Reickig Mrs. Patricia J. Rice Ms. Mary E. Rich Mrs. Helen L. Riechers Mr./Mrs. John T. Riedel Dr./Mrs. Quentin M. Ringenberg Mrs. Willa F. Roberts Mr./Mrs. W. M. Roberts, Jr. Mrs. Robert B. Rodgers Mrs. Joan Rosen Mr./Mrs. Frank E. Ross Mr./Mrs. Paul M. Ross Mr./Mrs. Joseph M. Ruchs Mr. Michael E. Rudorf Mr./Mrs. Edward Charles Ruff Mr./Mrs. Wm. |. Ruhe Mr./Mrs. John E. Russell Mr./Mrs. Dale E. Ruthsatz Mr./Mrs. Chester Sableman Mr./Mrs. Sala Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Salasin Mr. Scott Sale Mr./Mrs. Jerry Salisbury Mr./Mrs. F. X. Sandweg Mr./Mrs. Stephen Sauer Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Searborough Ms. Lynn L. Schaefer Mr./Mrs. W. A. Schaefer Mr./Mrs. William J. Schaffnerr Mrs. Ruby J. Scheihing Mr./Mrs. Don M. Schlueter Mr./Mrs. George M. Schmaeng Miss Charlotte E. Schmidt Mr./Mrs. E. W. Schoessel Miss Teresa M. Schomaker Ms. Eugena Schooley Mr./Mrs. John Schroeder Mr./Mrs. William F. Schroer Mr./Mrs. James M. Schuck Mr./Mrs. Alan C. Schuetz Mr./Mrs. R. E. Schultz Dr./Mrs. Benjamin Schwartz Edward & Debbi Schwarz Mr./Mrs. Edward B. See Mr./Mrs. John L. Seifert Mr./Mrs. Wm. Serbi Mr./Mrs. Ray Shaffer Mrs. Evelyn Shaver Mrs. Jean A. Shaw Mr. Thomas A. Shea, Jr. Mr./Mrs. A. Patrick Sheahan Charles & Wilma Sheppard Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis Judith Sigala Mr./Mrs. Richard T. Silverman Mr./Mrs. Martin Silverstein Miss Elaine M. Smith Ms. Eleanor D. Smith Ms. Joan F. Smith Mr./Mrs. Raymond L. Smith Mr. Roland Smith, Jr. Mrs. Esther Soest Mr./Mrs. John Solich Mr. O. M. Spaid Mr./Mrs. Geo. A. Speckert Mr./Mrs. Randall Spurr Miss Elsa Stabbert Mr./Mrs. Donald E. Stech Dr./Mrs. Thomas J. Stees Mr./Mrs. Joseph Stefan Mr. Jerome G. Stehlin Mr./Mrs. Dale Steinback Mr./Mrs. Frank Stevens Mr./Mrs. John S. Stevens Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Stewart Mr. Ernest W. Stewart, Jr. Mrs. Carl Stockstrom Mr. Gregory L. Stone, Jr. Ms. Jerri A. Stroud Mr./Mrs. Eric Sturley Mr./Mrs. Les St. Vrain Miss Irene Sucher Mr./Mrs. James B. Sullivan Mr./Mrs. Frederick M. Switzer III Mr. Einar M. Syvertsen Mr./Mrs. Ronald Taube Mr./Mrs. Robert Taveggia Dr. Edgar C. Taylor Mr./Mrs. Richard N. Thoelke Dr./Mrs. M. Bryant Thompson Mr. Ren A. Thompson Mr./Mrs. Ralph R. Thomsen Mr./Mrs. Shelby Thoroughman Dr./Mrs. Manfred Thurmann Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Trautwein Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Turner Ms. Eloise M. Turner Mr./Mrs. Steven P. Turner Mrs. Andrew Tyrpak Mrs. J. R. Usher Mr./Mrs. Kurt Vahle Mr. Kenneth A. Van Buren Mr./Mrs. Alex J. Van Der Tuin Mr./Mrs. Mark VanScharrel Mr./Mrs. Jan K. VerHagen Mr./Mrs. Henry T. Vogt, Jr. Mr./Mrs. T. P. Waechter Mr./Mrs. Charles H. Wallace Dr./Mrs. Richard C. Walters Mr. John B. Warner, Jr. Rev. Albert A. Wattler Mr./Mrs. Alfred E. Weber Mrs. Shirley J. Weber Mr./Mrs. Fred Wehrenberg Mrs. Joseph K. Weinman Mr. Mark Weiss Mr./Mrs. William V. Welsch Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Wemhoener Mr./Mrs. W. S. Westcott Mr./Mrs. Eugene White Dr. Pearl Schwartz White Miss Deneen R. Whiteworth Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Wilhite Mr./Mrs. O. H. Wilkening Mr. Jack L. Williams Mr. Thomas L. Williams Mr. Maurice R. Wilson Mr./Mrs. F. E. Wisely Mr./Mrs. Dale Wisniewski Dorothy Woehlke Mr./Mrs. Carl A. Woepke Mr./Mrs. E. Wolfe Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Wolk Mr./Mrs. George R. Wood Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Wotka Mr. Robert L. Wynne Mr./Mrs. Harold Yeager Dr./Mrs. Richard D. Yoder Ms. April L. Young Mr./Mrs. Kenneth L. Young Mrs. Eileen A. Younggren Mr./Mrs. James R. Yust Mr./Mrs. Jack Zemel Mrs. Marjorie S. Zilm Mr./Mrs. Norman Zimmerman APRIL TRIBUTES In Honor of Mrs. and Mrs. Norman Bierman’s Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Gilbert Early, Jr. In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Menifee Bullock’s 50th Anniversary Anna Mae Wiedemann In Honor of August H. Homeyer’s Birthday Mrs. John R. Ruhoff In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Max Kramer’s Marriage Mr./Mrs. Elmer Abramson In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Harry Lavanthal’s Wedding Mr./Mrs. Chester A. Steiner In Honor of Mrs. George D. Stout’s 80th Birthday Elizabeth Golterman In Honor of John H. Timken’s Birthday Lois M. Timken In Honor of The Tribute Fund Jeanne Carnighan T. L Casey Dr. Tony M. Deeths V. Goedecke Jay and Anna Hatton Mr./Mrs. John C. Heisler Robert V. E. Martin Mr./Mrs. William J. Scanlan Mr./Mrs. Charles T. Spalding Tom and Dorothy Staples In Memory of Mrs. William Armstrong Nellie C. Meier In Memory of Mrs. James L. Benepe Dr./Mrs. William S. Costen In Memory of Walter C. Berkemeyer Mrs. W. C. Berkemeyer In Memory of Mrs. Howard Bridges Enola and Harvey Hofmeister In Memory of Edward Cissel, Jr. Mary and Tom Donohue In Memory of Rose M. Donati Dr. R. M. Donati In Memory of Sister Mary Frances Fitzgerald Don, Joanne, and Coleen Strathearn In Memory of Mrs. George Hasegawa Mr./Mrs. Yuki Rikimaru In Memory of Mrs. William B. Ittner Dr./Mrs. E. R. Roeder In Memory of Margo Jester Mrs. E. R. Culver, Jr. In Memory of Miss Eloise Jones Mr./Mrs. James Mellow Mr./Mrs. Hugh Roberts In Memory of Helen and John Joynt Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Ethel Kuebler Anna Mae Weidemann In Memory of Mrs. Oscar Lamy Nellie C. Meier In Memory of Mrs. Verena Lamy Mr./Mrs. William H. Charles In Memory of Mrs. Charles Leppe Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mrs. Stuart M. Mertz Mr./Mrs. A. Clifford Jones In Memory of Mother Michael and Lois Weigert In Memory of Frances T. Nagel Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech In Memory of Mr. Edward A. O'Neal Nellie C. Meier In Memory of Mrs. Dan B. Owsley Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Lorenz In Memory of Mrs. Elvin Popper Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Memory of William Renfro Mr./Mrs. John Parsons & Family In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Taylor Spink Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Miss Patricia Stone Dr./Mrs. Kenneth J. Lissant In Memory of Edward F. and Rose M. Weber Mr./Mrs. Loren M. Knowles In Memory of Stanley Weiss Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Robert C. Wilder Miss Regina M. Wilder In Memory of Mrs. John J. Wolfe Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Tooker In Memory of Mr. Sam T. Woods Mr./Mrs. E. Ray Pienaar MISSOURI! BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Botanical Garden Bulletin Let The Flowers Speak ESS re acer: USE REAP PRATT EAI FLITE. Christmas in July? See Page 4. PART Po) RRO A IRIN OTL INTENTS OO EEO ITT TE CRED Plants: The Garden's Silent Teachers One of the principal differences between a botan- ical garden and a floral display, as witnessed, for example, in a public park, is that a botanical garden boasts of an educational program. At the Missouri Botanical Garden, many educational projects are in operation, including those maintained by the Educa- tion Department and those related to the herbarium, the library, the Arboretum and the answer man system. Ofttimes forgotten, however, is another educa- es! : . 1 te A lA. tional aspect of the Garden: the plants themselves. Though silent, majestic and anchored to the ground, they carry messages and have histories di- verse and awesome. The poet William Cullen Bryant suggested how man is affected by living things when he said: “To him who in the love of nature holds com- munion with her visible saints, she speaks a various language.” It is not the place here to explore the fact that man and his plants are protoplasmic, both formed of (Continued on Page 2) The path to the Linnaean House, an educational adventure with the plants themselves as silent teachers of botany and ' history. Volume LXVI Number 7 July 1978 LET THE FLOWERS SPEAK . .. (Continued from Page 1) the same elemental biological stuff. Here we want to sidestep such philosophy and take a casual peek at the treasurehouse of information concerning the plants growing on the grounds of Henry Shaw's dream: the Missouri Botanical Garden. Let's imagine entering the main gate of the Gar- den and veering to the right toward the Rose Garden and the Linnaean House. The first plant encountered is the ginkgo tree, bizarre of shape, its leaves verdant in summer and golden in fall, with fan-shaped leaves resembling those of the maidenhair fern. Thus the ginkgo carries the common name “Maidenhair Tree’. This stately giant is a living fossil, the only survivor of ginkgo dropouts in geological time’s inexorable win- nowing process. It no longer lives in the natural pro- tective forests of the Orient. The tender loving care received as a revered species is the secret of its per- petuation. Above the ginkgo, a shingle oak towers toward the sky. Its wood was and is used in the manufacture of shingles. Beyond, beside the path, is a hawthorn tree, the official flowering plant of the State of Mis- souri. Glancing at the ground we see the prostrate groundcover plant, the lesser periwinkle, its pink flowers like a neon light shimmering over a sea of dark leaves. Who would ever imagine that it and its relative, the Madagascar periwinkle, have caused a Sensation in medical laboratories seeking to unlock the secrets of cancer control! Faced with the vista of the Garden’s principal rose display, many thoughts enter our minds: how the early Christians saw the rose as a symbol of Roman debauchery because the pagans floated rose petals atop their wine during their bacchanalia. This idea has fortunately melted away, with common sense dic- tating that beauty is beautiful and only the abuse is intolerable. Many oldsters will recall the seasonal “rose-fever” caused by the air-borne pollen from the old-fashioned open faced roses, plaguing the re- Spiratory tract. The development of many varieties with petals tightly closed and blocking such migration, has brought much relief. Corners frequently hide the most interesting things, including plants. Facing the Linnaean House and turning our eyes to the right where stone wall meets stone wall at the northeast corner, we see a shrub almost reaching the summit of the wall. Ap- proaching it, we come face to face with the vicious spines arming the twigs. The tree bears fruits unmis- takably related to the orange. The question is: how is this relative of the orange able to survive the icicles of the St. Louis winter? The answer is that plants, like people, learn to adapt to a strange climate. To the right of the tree, in summer and fall, is an annual herb, the castor bean, here remote from the warmer climes it calls home, yet capable of flowering and fruiting in the local heat. The castor bean is a Saga in itself. Some of us recall the horror of having to 2 swallow castor oil as a cathartic. The seed contains one of the most powerful poisons in nature: ricin, which fortunately is removed from the cathartic. The same castor oil was used by the ancient Egyptians in painting their mummy cases. Quality items have a way of surviving: the same oil is used in the space age as a topflight lubricant for delicate instruments. As we walk along the path adjacent to the wall, a paeony in full flower meets the eye. Among the an- cient Greeks, the paeony was sacred to the supreme deity, Apollo. By a strange twist in ideas, the word paean or hymn of praise arises from this association of the flower with the god. Entering the Linnaean House, especially in the late winter, the visitor is immediately attracted to the camellia shrub. These are bedecked with white and pink blossoms against a backdrop of green lustrous leaves. When frost coats the greenhouse glass these bring welcome relief to the drabness of winter. The genus name, Camellia, commemorates a 17th cen- tury foreign missionary, Georg Kamel, reminding us of how many men of the cloth have been associated with the history of botany. Gracing the entrance to the Linnaean House is a statue of Carolus Linnaeus, the greatest of all plant classifiers. This Swedish physi- cian of the 18th Century reminds us also of how many medical men have contributed to the science of botany. In the formal garden outside the Linnaean House the gas plant with its pink spire of flowers rises to waist height. It is also called the “burning bush,” a name suggestive of the alchemy of plants. When the weather is dry and hot, it yields an inflammable oil that bursts into flame in the presence of a lighted match. “The flame is not brilliant,” Kenneth Peck points out, “but resembles the last flicker of flames arising from the brandy in a Cherry Jubilee.” Not far away is the deadly aconite plant, a close relative of the delphinium, an ancient habitue of the alchemist’s den. Its hooded blue flowers suggest the cowls worn by medieval monks. The invisible root is probably the most toxic part of a flowering plant known to man, a root implicated in stories of witches’ potions and vampire bats in the shadowy Carpathian Mountains. In the center of the formal garden is the Baptisia plant, whose white butterfly-shaped blossoms signal that it is a legume. Bumblebees, using the lower pet- als as a landing platform, forage within the flowers for the sweet juices, at the same time picking up loads of pollen destined for their hives, or discharging pollen for the host flowers. Here in dramatic fashion is de- monstrated the interdependence in nature of plants and animals. As we glance closely at the stem of the (Continued on Page 3) The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year $6.00 foreign Dracaena deremensis Dracaena deremensis ‘Warneckei’ will grow to 15 feet in height. It is a variety which will tolerate low light conditions and some neglect. This variety has eight to 12 inch stiff, swordlike gray-green leaves with white stripes. The Plant Shop has a large selection of these plants in different sizes. The Shop retails daily from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., seven days a week. LET THE FLOWERS SPEAK ... (Continued from Page 2) Baptisia plant we see traces of natural blackness. This is indigo dye, once so valuable in the commerce of the world. As we pass through the stone arch, moving in the direction of the Floral Display House, the Ameri- can holly, its glossy deep green and spiny-margined leaves glistening in the sun, serves as a reminder that nature has placed rigid limitations sex-wise on certain plants. For these are male trees, unable to produce the glistening red berries so highly prized in Christ- mas wreaths! Across the mall and guarding the entr- ance to the Display House are the female counter- parts, in season bedecked with the familiar fruits. And yet these reminders of the Christmas season cannot form unless the invisible pollen from the male flowers drifts across. Our little journey has been short, perhaps no more than 500 yards from the main gate, and yet so much to see! How many more exciting messages from nature’s cornucopia lie in the Mediterranean House, the Climatron, the Desert House and the vast expanse of the Missouri Botanical Garden. — John D. Dwyer Research Associate Jean Deken Named Library Delegate Governor Joseph Teasdale recently announced the appointment of Jean Marie Deken as an official delegate to the Governor's Conference on Library and Information Services, to be held November 30 and December 1, 1978. Miss Deken, who serves as Archivist and Cataloging Assistant in the Garden’s Library, will serve with other delegates at the Gover- nor’s Conference to address the many complex issues facing the nation’s libraries: the role of com- puter technology in libraries, the need for improved funding of library programs, and the demands upon libraries to collect non-traditional types of materials and to offer new services to their clientele. From those delegates attending the Governor's Conference, a group will be selected to attend the White House Conference on Library and Information Services in 1979. Shaw Birthday Party July 24 The herb garden adjacent to Tower Grove House will be the site of a birthday celebration for the Gar- den’s founder on Monday, July 24, from noon to 2 p.m. A large cake decorated with “Happy Birthday, July 24, 1800, Henry Shaw” will be cut at 12:30 p.m. Lemonade and cookies will be served and huge bal- loons will decorate the area. Cactus Society Show The golden barrel cactus, one of hundreds of varieties which will be on display for the Henry Shaw Cactus Society's annual show, scheduled for August 26 through September 4 in the Floral Display House. Open Space Study Completed by Garden The Ecological Services Department has com- pleted a major study of the plants in two open space areas within the City of St. Louis. Under a $30,000 contract from the St. Louis Community Development Agency, a survey was made of the plants in two sec- tions of Forest Park and along four miles of open space bordering the Mississippi River in north St. Louis. The purposes of this project were to inventory the plants of these areas so that decisions on their future uses would be made with the most complete information possible. In Forest Park, every tree in the 200-acre strip bordering Kingshighway was identified and located on a map. Ninety different species of trees and shrubs were found in this section of Forest Park and more than 3,800 individual trees were cataloged. Part of the study, which was conducted by Rick Daley, David Spellman, and Helen Parker, in- cluded an analysis of how fast some of the trees were growing. Some white pines, for example, were found to grow less than 1/64 inch a year while others were growing as much as 1/3 inch annually. In this case, the difference is apparently due to competition from neighboring trees. The southwestern corner of Forest Park is called the John F. Kennedy Memorial Forest and is one of the few native forest tracts left in the city. The study showed that this forest has been cut or burned some- time during the last century, although it was ap- parently not heavily used during the 1904 World’s Fair. Seventy species of trees and shrubs and more than 80 herbs were found in the Kennedy Forest. This diversity explains the wide variety of resident birds present and the reason that many migrating birds, especially warblers, stop in this forest. The northern St. Louis riverfront contained an almost identical number of plant species as the Ken- nedy Forest. Here, however, only 49 tree species were found, but there were more kinds of herbaceous plants. The Community Development Agency is planning a new park along the riverfront which would feature a bike path. St. Louisans have little opportu- nity to enjoy the banks of the Mississippi River be- cause most of the land is used by industry. A park on the north St. Louis riverfront would provide a much needed recreation site and would give St. Louisans an opportunity to enjoy the diversity of plants and animals which live along the banks of the Mississippi. Open spaces are a critical part of the urban qual- ity of life. This explains the appeal of the Garden to more than a third of a million people each year and underscores the importance of wise decisions about all open areas. We can capitalize on these oppor- tunities only if we study and understand the resources we have. The Garden's report is a major step toward the development of inventories of all of St. Louis’ open spaces. 4 ae In " aa eh July i a A a <= 3 Rushing the season by half a year, the Garden Gate Shop in July will feature a wide variety of Christmas ornaments, decorations and gift items for the truly determined pre-holiday shopper. On Satur- day, July 15, a special Sidewalk Sale with bargains galore — all items marked at half-price — will be held at the Shop. Also featured for a limited time will be special notepaper depicting the Linnaean House, offered at a cost of $1.25 per package. Remember to include a visit to the Garden Gate Shop on your July calendar. A Living Tribute In recent years, the Garden has initiated a pro- gram for expanding its living collections of trees and shrubs. These young specimens are obtained either as plants from specialist nurseries or from other botanical gardens. But in increasing numbers the Garden is producing specimens from seed and veg- etative propagating material in its own two-acre hardwood nursery, located at the Shaw Arboretum. Such specimens — when finally incorporated into features like the Japanese Garden, English Woodland Garden or as individuals in other areas of the grounds — are living tributes to a particular event or the memory of an individual. Each of the new plantings is recorded permanently on a record card, containing pertinent information related to the specific species, by the Garden's Plant Record De- partment. This information includes details relating to any donation. It is not possible to place plaques at the individual trees and shrubs, but such contribu- tions will be recorded in the Bulletin. Members interested in a living tribute should contact John Elsley, 772-7600. Forest Service Meeting Set The Garden will host a public meeting, spon- sored by the U.S. Forest Service, to discuss several alternative proposals for wilderness management in Missouri and other states in the Eastern Region. The meeting will be held from 7 to 9 p.m. on July 17, in the John S. Lehmann Building auditorium. The regional forest supervisor will be on hand to answer questions concerning the wilderness man- agement system. Displays will show the areas now under or being considered for program management. Bids Are Out For Construction Of New Maintenance Aaah a Bids are out for construction of the Garden’s new north end maintenance complex, a group of buildings representing the first phase in the major renovation and construction which will culminate in the building of the Education/Visitor Orientation An artist's rendering of the Garden's new maintenance complex, designed by Ross & ’ Baruzzini, Inc., of St. Louis, and an element . of the Garden Master i - Plan developed by WA Environmental we Planning and Design, Mim = Pittsburgh. Center. ane will be ioken soon for the new maintenance buildings. The complex will replace the antiquated struc- tures which are presently being used for these purposes. Books in Review... Lawns: The Year-Round Lawn Care Handbook for all climates and conditions; Melvin J. Robey, David McKay Company, Inc., $9.95, 216 pages. This recent publication by the superintendent of athletic facilities at Purdue University approaches the subject of lawn culture in a most readable and at the same time technically informative manner. Approxi- mately two thirds of the book is devoted to 399 ques- tions and easy-to-understand answers relating to such specifics as weed control, fertilizing, seeding or any other lawn-care operation, answers being directly applicable for the home owner. A basic month-by- month guide to lawn care seems especially useful, and if followed, will enable the reader to “become the lawn-care expert in your neighborhood”, according to the author. Grass does, of course, fall within the well worn horticultural phrase “ground cover” and the reader is introduced to an extensive listing of possible alterna- tives to grass combined with specific cultural advice applicable to many of the subjects. A comprehensive glossary terminates the text. Included within the text are a series of easily interpreted and pertinent line drawings and tables. Landscape You Can Eat; Allan A. Swenson (David McKay Company, Inc.) $10.95 cloth, $5.95 paper- back. Nationally syndicated newspaper garden colum- nist, Allan A. Swenson, is a prolific author of many popular garden books in addition to regular appear- ances on television as America’s Green Thumb Gar- dener. The cultivation of fruit trees and bushes on a small garden scale is a subject that is today gathering momentum as gardeners are discovering, often for the first time, the various advantages of producing one’s own fruits. The production of fruits for fresh consumption is matched by their usefulness either canned or frozen throughout the year. Sections are devoted to planning and basic culti- vations in addition to specifics related to individual fruits and nuts. Up-to-date information is included on pest and disease control and basic pruning techniques. A final chapter provides an assortment of handy reference data, including reputable suppliers of plants, and addresses of institutions where local information on fruit growing can be obtained. — John E. Elsley 5 People and Events . ese A %, Students and teachers from Stix Investigative Learning Center and Mount Carmel School have participated in a variety of exciting projects at the Garden. Visitors, at left, sample the fare during a recent “Tropical Feast” project. fh A oan WuVY yivi Emmanuel Enti, second from left, meet with Garden staff members and others during a St. Louis visit in connection with the city's selection of Accra as a “sister city” in Africa. Clockwise from the top are Dr. Peter Goldblatt of the Garden staff: Alphonso Jackson, St. Louis director of public safety; and Dr. Marshall Crosby and Susan Y. Flowers of the Garden Staff. 2 ‘ Bees. valli Ml Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, accepts framed copy of the current Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. white pages directory from R. A. Barron, Stix and Mt. Carmel students have also participated in projects to vice president and general manager for Bell in St. Louis. The cover study and report on environmental and ecological matters, above. depicts a Japanese Garden scene. 6 ie ml Henry Shaw’s ‘Other’ Tay i 5 hams Laclede's Landing, the historic riverfront rede- velopment currently underway in St. Louis, is re- establishing the city’s identification with its 19th Cen- tury heyday. One renovated building within the de- velopment stands as a reminder of the Garden's his- tory — Henry Shaw's cutlery warehouse, shown here during renovation, which was part of the business empire built by Mr. Shaw and which gave him the means to establish the Garden 119 years ago. The building, at 612 North Second St., was pur- chased by St. Louis businessman Johnnie Joe Ken- nedy, completely renovated and opened as Ken- nedy’s Second Street Company, a tavern and restau- rant. A plaque mounted inside the building and a no- tation on the restaurant menu identify the building as Mr. Shaw’s former business establishment. Ice Cream Social Velvet Freeze will sponsor the first Ice Cream Social at the Garden on Sunday, August 6, from 1 to 4 p.m. Members are invited to come and enjoy their favorite ice cream while listening to the harmonious melodies of a barbershop quartet. A free gift will be given to children with the pur- chase of ice cream, and they may participate in a drawing for special prizes. Pre-Tour Slide Show Set Garden members and their guests have been invited to a special slide presentation on Australia/ New Zealand, focusing on areas that tour participants will be visiting in November. This program will be held at 8 p.m. Wednesday, July 12, in the auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. This is a new program designed to make our members’ trips more educational and meaningful. VOLUNTEER COORDINATOR — Mrs. Carol Taxman, a Garden volunteer for the past four years, has been named to the Garden staff as Volunteer Coordinator. A native of Kentucky, Mrs. Taxman holds a degree in English Literature from Washington University and is an avid horticulturist and photographer. She is married to a physician and has two children. Dr. George S. Bunting Makes Homecoming Visit A recent trip to St. Louis was a homecoming of sorts for Dr. George S. Bunting, a former employee of the Garden who has lived and worked in Venezuela for the past 11 years. Dr. Bunting’s return to St. Louis followed a 17-year absence — a period during which many changes have taken place at the Garden. Dr. Bunting, presently the botanist at the new Botanical Garden of Maracaibo, Venezuela, came to the Garden to finish work on a paper he is writing in collaboration with Dr. Thomas Croat of the Garden's Staff. Both are specialists in the aroid family and be- cause this family is one that contains many unde- scribed species, the paper will attempt to introduce and standardize descriptive terminology, especially in the genus Anthurium. Dr. Bunting holds a master’s degree in horticul- ture from Michigan State University and a Ph.D. in taxonomy from Columbia University in New York City. He worked as a taxonomist at the Garden for two years, beginning his work with the Araceae. He then went to Bailey Hortorium in New York where he worked for six years helping to write Hortus Third, an encyclopedia of horticultural plants. In 1967, he moved to Venezuela where he began work on the Araceae for the Flora of Venezuela. His new position in Maracaibo draws upon his talents and training in both horticulture and taxonomic research. A second purpose of Dr. Bunting’s visit was to consult with the Garden's scientific and horticultural staff about a variety of topics dealing with the horticul- tural, curatorial and scientific aspects of a botanical garden. As he walked through the Garden to meet with various people, there were things he recognized 8 and much he did not. When he left St. Louis in 1961, for instance, the Climatron was finished but the plants were young. While in the head house, Dr. Bunting met again Claude Johnson, one of only a few employees who remain from that period. In the herbarium, he renewed acquaintanced with Ken Peck and John Dwyer, other old friends who have been associated with the Garden for many years. Dr. Bunting plans to return to the Garden within the next year to spend more time working in the herbarium and library. Dr. Bunting’s visit coincided with that of another distinguished South American botanist. Dr. Enrique Forero — currently a Guggenheim fellow on leave of absence from his position as head of the Colombian National Herbarium in Bogota — was in St. Louis for a week to identify plants and consult with Dr. Al Gen- try of the Garden staff. Drs. Forero and Gentry are conducting a joint research project to botanically explore the Chocé Department of western Colombia. This region — the wettest place in the world with 12,000 mm of annual precipitation — has been almost unknown botanically even though it is extremely rich in diversity of plant species. During his visit to St. Louis, Dr. Forero worked on identification of the Choco plants collected by himself, Dr. Gentry and their students; and on the list of plant species of Choco which the two scientists are compiling. These visitors point out the increasing impor- tance of the Garden’s systematic staff and facilities to the botanical community. Visitors from around the world come to St. Louis in increasing numbers to work with the Garden’s staff, to seek advice or to consult our excellent herbarium and library facilities. Gardening in St. Louis The three new 1979 All America Rose Selections can be seen at the Garden in July. They are: Friend- ship, a fragrant, pink hybrid tea; Sundowner, a medium to large-flowered orange grandiflora, very fragrant, and the only grandiflora to receive the 1979 All America Award; and Paradise, a lavender-pink hybrid tea which is one of the most distinctive and beautiful roses ever produced. These roses are not available this year, but can be seen growing here at the Garden. These award winners have been in the Test Garden the past two years and have survived the winter conditions extremely well. Rose Maintenance Continue a good spraying program to control mildew, blight and insects on your roses. Alternate between Phaltan and Acti-Dione to provide control for black spot. Use Kelthane at regular intervals to con- trol mite. Diazinon or Sevin will control most sucking or chewing insects. Spray immediately following heavy rain or when roses have made four to six inches of new growth. Apply the spray underneath the leaves as well as on top. July is a good month to prune trees and fruit trees to open them up. When in full foliage, remove inner branches to allow better air and light circulation. Remove weak and/or water shoots (those which come up from the main trunk) to encourage good fruit spurs. Heading back fruit trees can help control the size. Fertilizer should not be applied around plants such as trees and shrubs that need growth to mature and harden off for the winter months. However, feed- ing can be continued on roses until early August, and since there was poor growth last spring, additional feedings may be required this month to assure that plants are in vigorous condition for fall. Avoid using fertilizer after the 10th of August so plants may harden off. Vegetable gardens can be fertilized by applying a side dressing to crops. Make small furrows a couple of inches from the base of the plant, sprinkling a light amount of fertilizer, covering it with soil and then lightly watering. Liquid fertilizer may be watered in along the base of the plants. If applied over the foliage, follow with an immediate watering so the fer- tilizer does not burn the leaves. Fall Planting Mid-July is a good time to start planting fall veg- etable crops, such as cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, spinach and other plants which prefer cooler condi- tions. These plants, started now, will produce excel- lent crops in the fall wnen warm crop vegetables stop producing. Prepare the ground well, incorporating plenty of organic matter and superphosphate, sowing the seed somewhat deeper because of the drier con- ditions. Keep the ground moderately moist until seeds germinate. July is a good month to start many of the bien- nials such as sweet williams and foxgloves. Seed sown this month should be sown in a good sterile media, kept in an area where temperature is uniform between 70-75°. Place the seedlings in plenty of light when they start to germinate and transplant when they have the second and third pair of leaves. Seed- lings may be transplanted to cold frames or other trays where they receive good light and allowed to grow on until early September, at which time they can be planted out in the perennial garden for flowering the following spring. This is an excellent way to add color to the garden early in the spring. Mulch should be applied to the garden, if not done earlier, and reapplied around trees and shrubs. This is important around azaleas, rhododendrons and other acid-loving plants which produce shallow root systems. Mulching helps to control soil temperatures and weeds. As the mulch breaks down, it supplies nutrients which are necessary for good plant growth. Water rhododendrons and azaleas particularly well during the next couple of months, especially if they are planted under other trees which tend to absorb a great deal of the water. Wilting of plants is often caused by inadequate root systems, but avoid over- watering. Do not allow plants to sit in poorly drained areas which are extremely wet. Check the soil at a depth of two to three inches to see if it is dry before applying water. When watering, apply amounts equi- valent to one to two inches of rain at regular intervals. Avoid feeding fertilizer to these plants at this time of year, because it is necessary to let them start mature growth and harden off for proper winter protection. House Plant Care House plants should receive attention to make sure they are insect free. Rotate them from one side to the other to ensure that they receive uniform light to prevent them from growing in one direction. When going on vacation, give plants special attention by placing a couple of bricks at each end of the bathtub and then placing wood over these. Fill the tub to within about one inch below the base of the boards. Then place the plants on the boards. Adequate mois- ture is assured around them and plants can be stored for up to two to three weeks in this way. A second method is to place the plants in plastic bags. Place stakes in the pots to keep the plastic from collapsing on top of the plants. When placing plants in plastic bags, do not place them in the sun, because the plas- tic will act as a magnifying glass and heat them up. Given good light and a light watering before leaving, plants can be kept from four to five weeks this way without harm. (Continued on Page 10) GARDENING IN ST. LOUIS (Continued from Page 9) New Ideas While traveling during the summer, observe other gardens and plants. See what is growing well and look for something new and different. Check for hardiness to see how plants have come through the last two winters. With the prospect of more severe winters on the way, it is prudent to select plants which are hardy for the St. Louis area. Trial gardens are set up in a number of different areas and are excellent places to see what is avail- able in many of the new annuals and perennials for the garden. —Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Bonsai Featured Margaret Zonia, plant shop employee, and a specimen of Bonsai. The Plant Shop is featuring excellent specimens of bonsai this month. There are spruce, maple, and elm bonsai, which range in age from six to more than 20 years. The Shop has an assortment of shaping tools, planters and planter trays as well. Stop by the Shop and ask to see these fine specimens. 10 Teacher Workshop In Art/Science The Garden and St. Louis Art Museum will co- sponsor a teacher workshop in July, concentrating on the interrelationship between art and science. Workshop sessions will explore the use of science to teach art. The emphasis in this workshop will be on increasing sensory awareness and changing perspectives. This course will be offered from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. July 24 through 28. The fee is $30 with two hours credit offered through Webster College. For registra- tion and further information, telephone 772-7600, extension 54. Members Reach Milestone The number of Garden members has topped the 10,000-mark for the first time in the Garden’s 119-year history, it was announced by the Members’ Office. The Garden's Board of Trustees and Staff wish to acknowledge this unprecedented level of community support and to convey warmest thanks for the on- going assistance of the Garden’s growing, active membership. MEMBERSHIP — MAY 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. Watson Blair Mrs. Watson Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam’'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr. James H. Howe, Ill Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS MAY 1978 SPONSORING Dr./Mrs. Hartmut Kannegiesser Mrs. T. R. Potter Mr./Mrs. J. F. Ruwitch SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Duesenberg Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Fey, Jr. Dr./Mrs. W. P. Kistler Mr. Lewis A. McDonald Dr./Mrs. Lawrence A. Pilla Mr./Mrs. H. R. Shampaine Mr./Mrs. Richard Ziebell CONTRIBUTING Mrs. William G. Carson Dr. Lisa Cibis Mr./Mrs. John O. Felker Dr. Gerald J. Fivian Form Systems, Inc Mr. Robert B. Forbes Mr./Mrs. Frank K. Hadley Mrs. Jane Jacobs Mr./Mrs. James H. Jones Mr./Mrs. James J. Kerley Mr./Mrs. Ralph Marotta Dr./Mrs. George E. Mendelsohn Mr./Mrs. John S. Moore Mr. Eric P Newman Mr./Mrs. William L. Nussbaum Mr./Mrs. Clark Payne Mr./Mrs. F. H. Piepmeier Mr./Mrs. Arthur S. Schwarz Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Steffan Mr./Mrs. Joseph K. Tanoka Mr./Mrs. Benjamin H. Ulrich, Jr. Mr./Mrs. W. E. Winter Mr. Jay V. Zimmerman NEW MEMBERSHIPS SUSTAINING Mr. R. E. Hennessy, III CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Ophelia Anderson Mrs. Frank Darr, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Harold W. Duchek Ms. Lucille |. Gault Mr. Frank J. Guyol, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Nick Maggos Ms. Mary Jane Thirkhill Dr./Mrs. George A. Williams Dr./Mrs. W. J. Wimmer REGULAR Mr./Mrs. Richard Aberle Mr./Mrs. William G. Abkemeier Dr./Mrs. Daniel Abodeely Ms. Virginia Agnew Dr. Wm. Gerald Albrecht Mrs. Lois S. Albrecht Mr./Mrs. John R. Allan Mr. David P. Allen Mr./Mrs. James N. Allen Mr./Mrs. Chas. R. Anderson Mr./Mrs. Paul W. Anderson Mr./Mrs. Henry Andrae Lt. Col./Mrs. B. J. Apple Mr. Joseph Arens Ms. Marie Arens Ms. Tommio L. C. de Armas Ms. Katheleen G. Arnold Mr./Mrs. William H. Ast Mr./Mrs. Bernard Axelrod Mr./Mrs. Frederick P. Baggerman Dr./Mrs. Jerry Bamshad Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Bangert Mr./Mrs. Thomas Barker Mr./Mrs. Byron A. Barnes Mr./Mrs. Albert Barroni Mr./Mrs. John R. Bartlett, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert Bauman Rev./Mrs. C. Baumgartel Dr. Simon L. Baumgarten Mr. Robert E. Baumgartner Ms. Ann M. Bealle Ms. Mary L. Bedient Mr./Mrs. Arthur Behlmann Ms. Mary Beine Ms. Shirley A. Beiswenger Mr./Mrs. H. Berger Mr./Mrs. Charles Bertani Mr./Mrs. Russell Bessinger Dr./Mrs. John N. Betz, I! Mr. James B. Biondo Mr./Mrs. Raymond H. Bischof Mr. Paul N. Biven Mr./Mrs. Walter Blaine Ms. Phyllis Blankemeier Mr./Mrs. Roy H. Bleikamp, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Peter A. Bleyler Ms. Deborah B. Bloom Mr./Mrs. David Blucker Mr./Mrs. Alvin J. Bockwinkel Mr. Edgar G. Boedeker Ms. Jeannie Boettcher Mrs. George B. Boon Sr. Mary Borgia, RSM Mr./Mrs. W. K. Borgsmiller Mr./Mrs. Benjamin F. Bosworth Mr./Mrs. Riley O. Bowlin, Jr. Mr./Mrs. B. M. Boyd Miss Janet Brault Mrs. James J. Brda Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Brennan Ms. Marie Brite Mr./Mrs. Donald W. Brown Mr./Mrs. Wendell K. Brown Dr./Mrs. T. H. Brune Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Bubb Mr./Mrs. Albert R. Buck Mrs. Arthur Buesch Mrs. Rozena Burks Ms. Carol Burnett Mr./Mrs. Neil R. Burns Mr./Mrs. James Burr Mr./Mrs. Oliver W. Cairns Mrs. DeVerne Calloway Ms. Marguerite Cannon Ms. Carla Carter Mrs. Helen F. Case Mr. David Cates Dr./Mrs. James T. Chamness Mr./Mrs. L. C. Chandler Mr./Mrs. Jules Chasnoff Mr./Mrs. L. J. Chiodini, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Brian L. Clevinger Ms. Marcia Cline Mr./Mrs. Arbra L. Coalson Mr. Edwin Cohn Ms. Barbara J. Cole Mr./Mrs. Howard Cole Concord Park Garden Club Mother Mary Consilia Mr. Gary Corbin Mr./Mrs. Malcolm Corcoran Mr./Mrs. Douglas G. Corderman Country Ridge Garden Club Mrs. Vernon Cox Ms. Sara Crews Mr./Mrs. Richard Croak Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Crocker Mr./Mrs. Frederic E. Crofts Mr./Mrs. Don Crohn Mr./Mrs. John W. Cross Mrs. Oscar E. Cross Mr. William Currier Mr./Mrs. C. E. Daffin Miss Jacquelin A. Dailey Mr./Mrs. Edward W. Daumit Mr./Mrs. D. Gene Davenport Mr./Mrs. David R. Davis Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Davis Mr./Mrs. Homer L. Dawson Mr./Mrs. Raymond A. Deering Mrs. F. J. DeGray Sr. Jane Marie Dempsey Dr./Mrs. Bela S. Denes Mrs. Miriam T. Desloge Ms. Gloria E. Dettleff Mr./Mrs. Edgar V. Dickson Ms. Julia Dieckman Sr. Carol Donahue Mr./Mrs. Theodore J. Dubuque, Jr. James and Mary Duff Mr./Mrs. Wayne Dunagan Mr./Mrs. W. A. Dunkin Mr. Thomas A. Easches Mr./Mrs. Ronald R. Edwards Mr./Mrs. James Ellington Miss Esther Emmons Miss Margaret L. Erby Mr./Mrs. Mauritz R. Erhard Mr./Mrs. Henry A. Erk, Jr. Mr. J. A. Faintich Mr./Mrs. Martin Fellhauer Ms. Susan E. Felps Dr./Mrs. James A. Felts Mr./Mrs. Franklin Ferriss Mr. Kenneth M. Fields Mrs. Ann Fischer Mr./Mrs. Charles G. Fischer Mr./Mrs. Herbert C. Fischer Mr./Mrs. James S. Flagg Mr./Mrs. Bob B. Flick Mr./Mrs. Dan W. Flippen Ms. Leslie Flum Mr./Mrs. Rodney C. Fons Ms. Sarah C. Ford Mr./Mrs. Thomas Forrester Mr./Mrs. John W. Forsythe Mr./Mrs. Harvey E. Friedman Mr./Mrs. Edward Froid! Mr. Robert L. Funsten Mr./Mrs. Joseph Gaines Mr./Mrs. Louis C. Galli Mrs. Betty S. Galyon Mr./Mrs. James P. Gamble Dr./Mrs. George E. Gantner, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Garoutte Mrs. Joseph Gassino Dr./Mrs. K. W. Gentsch Mrs. Alice Glomski Mr./Mrs. Richard G. Glover Mr./Mrs. Lou Goad Mr./Mrs. R. F. Goeke Mr. Robert F. Goellner Mr./Mrs. James A. Goodwin Mr./Mrs. Harold H. Grace Mrs. Thyra Granger Mr. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr./Mrs. A. B. Green Mr. David A. Green Dr./Mrs. Robert J. Gresick Mr./Mrs. Charles Gugger Mrs. Norman J. Gundlach Mr./Mrs. Lynn D. Hargus Mr./Mrs. Jerry Harral Mr./Mrs. Emil Harster Ms. Jacqueline Hartman Mr./Mrs. Ted R. Harvey, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Elmer Haupt Mr./Mrs. George H. Heidemann Ms. Leigh A. Heller Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Hemmer Mr./Mrs. John B. Hemwell Mr./Mrs. Richard M. Hencken Mr./Mrs. Charles D. Henderson Mr./Mrs. E. E. Henderson Mr./Mrs. Carl H. Hendrickson Mr./Mrs. Richard Hepper Mr./Mrs. Everett Herbst Mr./Mrs. Greg W. Herron Mrs. Pauline G. Hickey Mr./Mrs. Harvey Hilken Mr./Mrs. Milfred Hilkerbaumer Jim and Virginia Hobbs Ms. Cecily Hoffius Mr./Mrs. Walter A. Hohlstein Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Holt, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Ferdinand H. Holtkamp Mr./Mrs. R. Robert Horas Mr./Mrs. A. H. Horter, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Donald W. Horton Mr./Mrs. Gene Hotz Mr./Mrs. Thomas P. Houf Mrs. Irene Houser Dr./Mrs. James O. Huisinga Mr./Mrs. Rolland J. Hurter Lorraine A. and Peggy M. Huther Mr./Mrs. Carl M. Irwin Miss Irene Jackson Mr./Mrs. Luther A. Jackson Mr./Mrs. Sanford Jaffe Mr./Mrs. W. M. Jagiello Mr./Mrs. John Janco Mr. John V. Janes, Ill Ms. Barbara E. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Dexter J. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Gary W. Johnson Ms. Marian C. Jones Dr./Mrs. William G. Juergens Mr./Mrs. Eugene L. Juzwicki Mrs. Rosa L. Kaintz Mr./Mrs. Al P. Kampmeyer, Jr. Ms. Margaret Kane Mrs. Shelia E. Kanta Mr./Mrs. Andrew Kantz Ms. Shirley Katz Ms. Donna S. Keller Mr./Mrs. Gerald V. Keller Mr./Mrs. Edward T. Kelly Mr./Mrs. Francis H. Kennedy Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Kent Mr./Mrs. Nat Kessler Mr./Mrs. Neil J. Kessler Mr./Mrs. Glennon Kidd Mr./Mrs. R. F. Kieninger Mrs. Laura S. Kilian Mr. Jim Kille Mr. Paul C. Kjorlie Mr. Jon Klassi Mr./Mrs. Kenneth M. Klaus Mr./Mrs. Ralph Kloppenberg Mr./Mrs. George S. Kobayashi Mr./Mrs. Gregory F. Krenski Mr./Mrs. Oran H. Lamb Mr./Mrs. Myron L. Landers Dr. Marie L. Larkin Mr./Mrs. Robert Lawson Dr./Mrs. G. R. LeDoux Kay Joyce Lee Ms. Debra Leeke Ms. Nancy L. Leonard Mr./Mrs. Kenneth O. Leutwiler Mr./Mrs. Kun T. Liao Mr. Stephen Lieseler Mrs. E. L. Lister Mr./Mrs. Hans H. Lodholz Mr./Mrs. Bruce Loewenberg Mr./Mrs. Hilmar M. Lohmann Dr./Mrs. Robert Lohr Mr./Mrs. Donald F. Luce Mrs. Meta Ludwick Mr./Mrs. Ronald Lurie Mrs. Virginia M. Lydon Mr./Mrs. David M. Maganza, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert P. Mai Mr./Mrs. Mark J. Malley Mr./Mrs. Tom Manglis Mr./Mrs. Sawyer Marglous Mrs. Laretto Martine Mr./Mrs. Peter D. Mattison Mr. Bert Mayer Mrs. Virgil C. McCluer Mr./Mrs. A. J. McCoy Mr./Mrs. Arthur J. McDonnell Sr. Mary Margaret McKenzie Mrs. William H. McLaughlin Mr./Mrs. Louis A. McMahon Mr./Mrs. G. M. McNett Mr. Donald J. McQueen Dr./Mrs. Frank J. Merenda Mrs. Wilma Mertens Mr./Mrs. Wayne L. Metcalf Mr. Ken A. Miesner Dr./Mrs. Kenneth J. Millburn Dr./Mrs. Tom R. Miller Mr./Mrs. Nalda G. Molho Mr./Mrs. C. D. Molloy, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Moody Mr./Mrs. Alwal B. Moore Mr./Mrs. Jas. V. Moore Mr./Mrs. Robert D. Morrison Mr./Mrs. Harry C. Morton Mr./Mrs. T. J. Mozer Miss Billie Newcomb Mr./Mrs. F. W. Nichols Mr./Mrs. James J. Nieder Miss Maxine Niehoff Mr./Mrs. Charles A. Niekamp, Jr. Mr./Mrs. R. J. Niewoehner Dr./Mrs. R. W. Nysewander Ms. Lisa Oelke Mr./Mrs. Walter E. O'Leary Mr. Tom Olsen Mr./Mrs. Terry W. Ortman Ms. Bettye Osiek Ronald and Madonna Otte Mr./Mrs. Lane Page Mrs. Rachel M. Paneck Mrs. Louise Papa Ms. Helen Pares Mr. Douglas M. Parker Mr./Mrs. Dan Parks Mr./Mrs. Nicholas G. Penniman, IV Dr./Mrs. D. Glenn Pennington Mr. J. Petrucione Mr./Mrs. Stephen P. Phelps Mrs. Mary Pichler Mr./Mrs. Carl W. Pierce Mrs. Ferris N. Pitts Ms. Mary Ann Plasmeier Mr./Mrs. Gerald P. Podorski Mr./Mrs. Philip F. Pokorny Mr./Mrs. Joe Pollack Mrs. C. T. Porter Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Pothoven Ms. Audrey Powderly Mr./Mrs. Oliver H. Press Dr. Fran Pritchard Mr./Mrs. John L. Quigley, Jr. Mr./Mrs. William Ragouzis Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis Ms. D. J. Rak Mr./Mrs. Richard R. Range Mr./Mrs. Louis Rauch Mrs. A. J. Ravarino Mrs. Rita Reardon Mr. Donald D. Reed Ms. Jackie Reed Mr./Mrs. Morgan W. Reed Mrs. Oneida M. Reed Miss Georgianna D. Rhoads Mr./Mrs. David J. Richardson Mr./Mrs. G. R. Ridings Mr./Mrs. John Rigoni Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Ring, Jr. Mr./Mrs. T. J. Robichaux Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Robson Ms. Barbara Roche Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Roe Ms. Mary M. Roeger Mr. Donald K. Rogers Mr./Mrs. H. C. Rogers Mrs. Charles |. Rose Mr./Mrs. Richard G. Rowe Dr./Mrs. J. B. Rowse Mr. Wayne R. Sanftner Mr./Mrs. Fred Sassmanshausen Ms. Mary Jo Sawicki Mr./Mrs. Thomas Sawyer Mr./Mrs. H. E. Schafer Mr. Richard G. Schmeling Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Schmidt Mr./Mrs. George F. Schmidt Mr./Mrs. Harry W. Schmidt Mrs. Joseph F. Schmitt Schneithorst Catering Company Mr./Mrs. John S. Scholze Rev. Arthur Schuermann Mrs. Margaret N. Schohy Mr./Mrs. J. B. Schou Mr./Mrs. LeRoy H. Schuldt Mr./Mrs. Edward M. Schumacher Mr./Mrs. Michael M. Sears Dr./Mrs. R. C. Seibert Ms. Kara D. Seidel Maceo Settles Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Shea Mr./Mrs. Gary L. Shell Mr./Mrs. K. F. Sherman Mr./Mrs. Y. Shiraishi Mr. Kenneth Siroky Mr./Mrs. Odney D. Skiles Mr./Mrs. Chester P. Skwiot Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Slattery Ms. Janet Smith Mr./Mrs. L. D. Smith Mr./Mrs. George E. Snyder Mr./Mrs. J. M. Snyder Miss Debbie Soucy Mr./Mrs. Gilbert Spasnick Mr./Mrs. Zane O. Squires Dr./Mrs. Gene B. Starkloff Mr./Mrs. Elwes S. Starr Miss Marie C. Staudinger Dr./Mrs. Franz V. Steinberg Miss Maria Stephanides Mr./Mrs. Thomas G. Stephenson Mr./Mrs. Warren J. Stoltz Mr./Mrs. C. L. Strock Mr./Mrs. Calvin B. Stuart, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Harold M. Stuhl Dr. Clement J. Sullivan Miss Betty J. Susanka Mr./Mrs. Lawrence Swinger Mr./Mrs. Stanley Tarter Dr./Mrs. Leyland A. Thomas Ms. C. R. Thompson Mr./Mrs. Howard A. Tibbs Ms. Carolyn Hewes Toft Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Tomey Mr./Mrs. Dan Tompkins Mr./Mrs. Byron A. Tompras Mr. Jack Trachtman Ms. Dorothy Trump Mr./Mrs. R. M. Tyler Ms. Shirley Ann Uhlmansied Mr./Mrs. Willard Ullery Ms. Jo Goeke Vallo Mrs. Benjamin M. Vogel Ms. Nancy K. Von Bokel Mr./Mrs. A. B. Walker Mr./Mrs. Mitchell Wall Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Warner Dr. Karen L. Wedde Mr./Mrs. Lloyd E. Weeks Mr./Mrs. Melvin A. Weinhold Miss Virginia C. Wemhoener Miss Eileen F. Wentworth Mr./Mrs. John H. White Mrs. Valerie E. White Ms. Kathy Wick Mrs. Suzanne R. Wicks Dr./Mrs. Charles Wieland Mr./Mrs. Norman Wielansky Mr./Mrs. William Wilkinson Dr./Mrs. Julian C. Williams Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Williams Mr./Mrs. R. O. Williams Mr./Mrs. James D. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Marion E. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Louis P. Wingert, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John Wirth Mr./Mrs. William Wolff Mr./Mrs. John Robert Wright Mr./Mrs. David Yapirion Mr./Mrs. J. R. Zeuschel Mr./Mrs. Joseph Zucchero MAY TRIBUTES In Honor of the Recovery of Mrs. Louis Keller Mr./Mrs. Elmer Abramson In Honor of Mr. Llewellyn Kohn’s 80th Birthday Mr./Mrs. Allan M. Siegel In Honor of Mr. Robert Ross’ Special Birthday Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Honor of New Sisterhood Office Shirley and Herman Simon In Honor of Tribute Fund W. G. Fienup Emma W. Lippert In Memory of Bill Anthoney Mrs. J. Anthoney In Memory of Mr. Floyd Augustine Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mrs. Horton Watkins In Memory of Mr. Julius Boehmer Earl Bumiller In Memory of Mrs. Rita Brinsa Kathryn Hildebrand Norma and Michael White In Memory of Mrs. Ben G. Bromberg Dr./Mrs. Edward R. Jones In Memory of Edward J. Corn Mr./Mrs. Matthew P. McCauley In Memory of Frank B. Costello Paul and June Neel In Memory of Leo Donati, Sr. Dr. Robert M. Donati In Memory of Mr. Edgar W. Drew Ruth D. Todd In Memory of Russell E. Gardner Mr./Mrs. A. Lee Shapleigh, II Ted and Janet Weakley In Memory of Mr. Leo G. Hadley Mr. Willis D. Hadley In Memory of Mr. Wilbur B. Jones Mr./Mrs. F. C. Cole Mr. Joseph W. Lewis Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh In Memory of Mr. Louis H. Jostes Beck & Corbitt Company Dr./Mrs. Leonard J. Eslick Mrs. Robert F. O’Connell Flora and Shirley Reichardt Marion Rodgers, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Ida N. Kienker Mr./Mrs. Arthur Anderson In Memory of Blanche Kirk Pam and Chuck Johnston In Memory of Dayle G. Klever Mrs. Dayle G. Klever In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Walter Kostecki Mr. Duane M. Smith In Memory of Michael B. Lake Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr. In Memory of Mr. William T. Lane Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal In Memory of Mr. McMillan Lewis Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mr./Mrs. A. Lee Shapleigh, |! In Memory of Robert J. Liebe William Livingston In Memory of Augusta and Edgar Littmann Carol Littmann In Memory of Mrs. Conway Munro Sunnyside Garden Club In Memory of Virginia Nelson Mrs. Horton Watkins In Memory of Dr. Morton Pariera Mr./Mrs. C. Bailey In Memory of Mrs. Fred C. Parks Mr./Mrs. John W. Bryan In Memory of Mr. Anthony Petrillo Mr. Duane M. Smith In Memory of Margaret Peetz Dorothy Becker In Memory of Mrs. Helene Popper Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Clifford Saxton Karl and Helen Hoffmann In Memory of Mrs. Erwin E. Schowengerdt Mr./Mrs. G. K. Sandweg In Memory of George Shirling Affton Garden Club In Memory of Mrs. Helen Tobin Mr./Mrs. Carl L. A. Beckers In Memory of Frederick Wagner Mrs. Joseph Bastian Carol Kahler In Memory of Bernhard J. Wander Mr./Mrs. Walter C. Johanning In Memory of Dr. Hugh M. Wilson Dr./Mrs. John E. Hobbs In Memory of “My Dad” Sara L. Woodard In Memory of Oliver K. Zepin Mr./Mrs. Maurice Frank MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Up, up and away for "A Little Night Music”, a very special Garden event set for Aug. 24 (see Page 5). Million Dollar Contribution Boosts Development Drive To $5,000,000 Mark An anonymous contribution of $1 million has boosted the Garden’s ongoing capital improvement and development drive past the $5 million mark, 80 per cent of the campaign’s goal, it was announced by Tom K. Smith, Jr., president of the Garden’s Board of Trustees. “This most generous contribution, the largest single pledge of our current campaign, comes at a most appropriate time,” said Mr. Smith. “It pushes us very close to our $6 million goal and provides fresh im- petus to our campaign volunteers to redouble their efforts and ensure that this goal is reached.” Tom K. Smith, Jr., left, president of the Garden Board of Trustees, and Dr. ' Peter H. Raven, Garden director, handle heavy equipment to break ground for the new $1 million complex of maintenance buildings. The culmination of the campaign — construction of the Garden’s new Education/Visitor Orientation Center — will depend on the Garden’s success in raising the approximately $1 million needed to “top off” the campaign. “It is important at this point,” said Mr. Smith, “that we do not make the assumption that because we have reached the 80 per cent mark, the additional 20 per cent will naturally follow. This new building will represent the climax of all our efforts during this drive, and its construction will depend very heavily on where we go from here.” (Continued on Page 2) Volume LXVI Number 8 August 1978 DRIVE REACHES $5 MILLION MARK... (Continued from Page 1) Meanwhile, however, the first spadesful of dirt were turned over for the beginning of actual construction funded by the development drive. On Tuesday, July 18, Mr. Smith and Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden direc- tor, climbed aboard a bulldozer and broke ground for the new north end maintenance complex, designed by Ross & Baruzzini of St. Louis and to be con- structed by Emmenegger Construction, Inc. The new complex, planned to replace the an- tiquated structures currently in use for maintenance purposes, represents the first phase in the major physical renovation and construction made possible by the development drive and culminating in the con- struction of the Education/Visitor Orientation Center. It also represents an important element of the Garden Master Plan, developed by Environmental Planning and Design of Pittsburgh, Pa. “It is very reassuring,” said Dr. Raven, “to begin to see the physical results of everyone’s work in this important development drive. If nothing else, the be- ginning of construction should convince everyone that with the maintenance complex and, later the Education/Visitor Orientation Center, we will have very much to show for our work in bringing the cam- paign to a successful climax.” The maintenance complex, constructed at a cost of $1 million, is scheduled for completion by early next year. Wb. \\\\ A) i oe ‘ ‘ \ \ U\\ \ WA \ Mrs. William H. Hallett, immediate past president of the St. Louis Herb Society, inspects colorful quilt on loan from the Society for display in the Garden Museum. Wall hanging behind Mrs. Hallett was created and donated to the Garden by Society members Betty Carlin, Deede Cole, Jane Coultas, Caro! Drennan, Melania Fathman, Edna Hager, Kitty Lawton, Barbara O’Brien, Judy Ross, Kay Strassner, Yolanda Wanek and Marie Zaegel. 2 Chicago Firm Purchases Garden's Plantscaping Services An agreement was reached between the Garden and Tropical Plant Rentals, Inc. of Chicago, for the purchase of the Garden's horticultural services opera- tion. Effective July 5, the Chicago-based firm took over all of the interior plantscaping installations and their maintenance services. “In reaching the decision to terminate our horticul- tural services operation segment,” said Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, “we, of course, were very concerned to arrange for a continuation of these serv- ices for our established clients and our established plantscaping displays. Our search for an able and expert organization to perform this function led to our discussions with Tropical Plant Rentals, Inc.” The Garden’s Horticultural Services Department was established in 1970, after designers of the Equi- table Building approached Garden officials with a re- quest for expert interior plantscaping services. Since then, the scope of the Garden’s plantscaping services has grown to include a number of office buildings, banks, hospitals, restaurants and shopping centers. TPR, established in 1963, is involved primarily in the business of plant rental, plantscape design and maintenance in the Chicago area. It has built a strong reputation for expertise and reliability among its Chicago clientele, and will provide that same strong level of service to its clients in the St. Louis area, Dr. Raven said. “In fact,” Dr. Raven added, “TPR will immediately establish a St. Louis branch office to serve its local customers.” During the past three years, TPR has expanded its activities throughout the Midwest and has also reached agreements for horticultural services with overseas Clientele, principally in the Middle East, ac- cording to James Leider, president of TPR. “We are very pleased with the prospect of becom- ing a part of the St. Louis community,” said Leider. “We are very confident that we are capable of con- tinuing the same level of expert service provided by the Garden's professional horticultural staff.” Tearoom Fare The Tower Grove House Tearoom is now offering two salad lunches. Choose between a fruit plate or chicken salad for $4.50. These lunches are served from 11:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Tuesdays and Thursdays by reservation only. Call 773-9000 for reservations. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign Bulgarian Botanist Here On Exchange Program J s am mi Q ee | . vo i - 7 = a Ui € ; Y Bie! ‘) = 4 Dr. Mincho Anchev The Garden, a leading center for botanical re- search, often plays host to visiting scientists. For example, the calendar year of 1978 already has seen botanists from Israel, Colombia, Venezuela, Ger- many, South Africa, and Ghana working with various members of our research staff. Presently, Dr. Mincho E. Anchev of the Institute of Botany of the Bulgarian Academy of Science is work- ing here. His visit is part of an exchange program between the Bulgarian and U.S. Academy of Sci- ences. This program involves not only botanists, but also zoologists, chemists and other scientists from both countries. Dr. Anchev’s field of interest is cytotaxonomy, the study of chromosomes and their behavior. He re- ceived his Ph.D. in 1973 for work with the genus Galium (Rubiaceae, Madder family), and has con- tinued studying cytotaxonomic relationships of other genera in this family. He is also a contributing author in the flora of Bulgaria (Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae). With the seventh volume of this flora soon to be published, Dr. Anchev has begun to con- centrate on other questions relating to plant popula- tion dynamics. Human disturbances in natural populations of plants have made the very active progress of both weedy and non-weedy colonizing species more evi- dent. Some of the questions Dr. Anchev seeks to answer are: what are the origins and distributions of the different plant forms? what are the breeding sys- tems of these populations? how successful is each system? Seeking a genus to serve as a model for this study, Dr. Anchev chose Alyssium (Cruciferae, Mustard fam- ily). This genus has at least 13 known species in Bul- garia and is closely related to Lesqueruella in America. For the past two years in Bulgaria, he has been determining the number of chromosomes in each Bulgarian species of A/yssum. Part of his pur- pose in coming to the Garden has been to further his Studies in this genus. Several members of the Garden's staff use cytol- ogy as one of the tools in their research. These people include Dr. Peter Raven, who works with Onagraceae (Evening Primrose family), Dr. Peter Goldblatt, with Iridaceae (Iris family) and Dr. Gerrit Davidse with Gramineae (Grass family). Dr. Anchev chose to come to the Garden to study the techniques used by these people, particularly Dr. Raven. As part of his research, Dr. Anchev has been study- ing methods of fixing flower buds and staining chromosomes. Very young buds are necessary for making observations of chromosomes during meiosis. These observations aid in the study of hy- bridization. Use of the scanning electron microscope at Washington University has enabled him to obtain valuable information concerning morphological differ- ences between species of A/yssum. He is also work- ing on a survey he hopes to publish of the literature concerning population biology. As an outgrowth of his visit, several interesting new projects have been begun. Working with John Elsley and members of the Garden's staff, Dr. Anchev is planning an exchange of plants between the Garden and the botanical garden near the Bulgarian capital, Sofiya. He has prepared an initial list of 11 species of Bulgarian trees and shrubs that the Garden will culti- vate here. The idea of introducing plants from central Europe into cultivation in Missouri is not a new one, but began more than 40 years ago with the work of the late Edgar Anderson, a former director of the Garden. He visited the Balkan countries and returned with three varieties of ivy. Among these the Bulgarian Ivy (Hedra helix) was the most successful, and can be seen in the Garden’s mausoleum area. While preparing his list, Dr. Anchev, who knew of these transplants, kept in mind Dr. Anderson’s obser- vations of the peculiarites of Missouri's “soy bean” climate. Dr. Anderson had noted that Bulgaria at ap- proximately 42°N latitude and Missouri between 36- 39°N have similarities in their climate which would allow the same plants to grow in both countries. The extinction of plant species in Europe, due to glaciation during the Pleistocene, accounts for what Dr. Anchev considers to be one of the most interest- ing things he has seen in Missouri; that is the higher diversity of tree species here. Compared to Bulgaria, Missouri has more species of trees and other peren- nials. In other less scientific respects, he has found St. Louis to be very similar to his hometown of Sofiya (population 919,037). The American people were also as he had expected from viewing American movies, television programs and reading newspapers. While in America, Dr. Anchev plans to visit the U.S. National Herbarium and the Smithsonian Institution. He also will be visiting American colleagues at the University of California's Berkeley, Davis and Los Angeles campuses. In Los Angeles, he will visit with Dr. Harlan Lewis, former advisor of Dr. Raven and co-author with him on several papers. Dr. Lewis also works with Onagraceae. While working at the Garden, Dr. Anchev has lec- tured on the flora and vegetation of Bulgaria. 3 Mrs. Nora Stern: Profile In Service Mrs. Nora (Walter G.) Stern has become a familiar figure at the Garden. As president of the Executive Board of the Members, 1969 to 1972 and currently from 1977 to 1979, she has been active in a variety of Garden events. The recent Picnic at the Garden, on June 10, is an example in point. Whether she was arranging for hostesses to be present at various points in the Gar- den, greeting guests and friends or tucking a bottle of wine into a picnic basket, her presence assured the smooth running event that brought raves from all who attended. Though such special events have become routine to Nora, these are only a small part of her responsibilities as president. Serving on the board Mrs. Nora Stern, left, president of the Executive Board of the Members, and Mrs. Mim Kittner, first vice president, preside over the board's recent annual meeting. she directs are the guide chairman, volunteer co- ordinator, preview party chairman, trip chairman, Historical Committee liaison, Garden Gate Shop representative, membership and development representatives. In addition to serving as president, Mrs. Nora Stern has served as chairman of the preview party commit- tee, preview party hostess, and Chrysanthemum ball Official. She also serves on the board of Mary Insti- tute. Those who have worked with Mrs. Nora Stern con- sider the association a pleasure. The Garden is proud to salute Mrs. Nora Stern for her continuing record of service. She Windian ase A new feature in the Plant Shop will be called the “Garden Corner.” For sale will be selected cuttings of plant materials growing in the Climatron. Among the potential varieties will be succulents, tropicals and or- chids. These will be for sale on a periodic basis as they become available. Don't forget Plant Shop gift certificates for those special occasions. The Plant Shop is retailing daily, 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., seven days a week. 4 “Africana” Is Theme Of Cactus Society Show The Floral Display House will provide the setting for the annual show of the Henry Shaw Cactus Society. The theme this year is “Africana,” with members of the Society placing entries in a number of sections. The show will run from August 26 through September 4. There is no charge other than the regular admis- sion to the Garden. Education Depariment Prepares For Future The Garden’s new Education/Visitor Orientation Center, responding to community needs in the field of education, is coming close to reality. The new center will significantly increase the Garden’s capacity and diversity for classes, lectures and workshops. To meet this increased demand and in anticipation of this increased versatility, several new appointments have been made in the Education Department. Ken Peck will be responsible for continuing educa- tion programs, which will include adult education, the answerman service, the development of a teacher resource center, out-state services and workshops. Mr. Peck has had a long and fruitful association with the Garden, going back 21 years. He is a graduate of Duke University with an advanced degree in botany. Many articles and papers written by Mr. Peck have been published in various publications. He is married, the father of five children and resides with his family in Webster Groves. Calla Smorodin has been appointed chairman and Mr. Kenneth Peck } Mrs. Calla Smorodin administrative manager of program development for the Education Department. As such, she will be re- sponsible for developing liaisons with local school districts, working with the State Department of Educa- tion, writing proposals and developing new educa- tional programs. Mrs. Smorodin looks forward to the continuing chal- lenge of this new opportunity at the Garden. For the past two years, Mrs. Smorodin has served as project manager, Environmental Education Train- ing Project at the Garden, a cooperative program with the St. Louis Public Schools funded by the U.S. Office of Environmental Education. Prior to that, Mrs. Smorodin served in the Division of Planning and Program Development for the St. Louis Public Schools. She is currently at work on her mas- ter’s degree at St. Louis University, is married to a St. Louis University associate professor of education and has two children, both students at the university. BUYER GUIDES — Mrs. Sue Chalfant, left, and Mrs. Betty Sims, two of the volunteer buyers who serve the Garden Gate Shop, inspect some of the ususual items currently available at the shop. Other members of the Shop's corps of volunteer buyers include Mrs. Margaret Baldwin, Mrs. Celeste Lipscomb and Mrs. Betty Freeman. “A Little Night Music” set For August 24 A new event has been scheduled for the Garden on Thursday, August 24. For the first time, the entire Garden will be open in the evening and will be illumi- nated by candles placed along the walkways, lending an air of magic to a very special evening. Entitled “A Little Night Music,” the evening will fea- ture some very special entertainment, a variety of interest to both adults and children. The colorful Arrow, a 70-foot hot air balloon, will be inflated and tethered adjacent to the Japanese Gar- den; a cricket demonstration will be staged behind Tower Grove House; Henry Shaw’s country house will take on a special charm during the candlelight tours of the entire house; music will be provided by a string trio, strolling musicians and madrigal singers. The event is scheduled for 7-10 p.m., with no charge for members and regular gate admission for guests. Come join us for this special evening. sunshine and summertime...A Garder a . - = 2 FABOOOOOOOO Mrs. Nora Stern, president of the Executive Board of the Members, welcomes guests to picnic fare. ae ¢ ae ‘ ee .*= "@ Afternoon feast, picnic-style, in Garden setting. 6 nic on the Grass —— ~~ the tram system which went into operation in April. Nearly 700 Garden guests were on hand on Satur- day, June 10, to enjoy a Picnic at the Garden, a unique event which featured basket suppers on the Garden grounds and public performances by the St. Louis Soma Theatre, the Grand Fuzz, the St. Louis Banjo Club, the Brass Quintet of the St. Louis Sym- phony Youth Orchestra and Simone, the Bellydancer. As part of the celebration, a display entitled “Herbs in Art” was presented by the St. Louis Herb Society in the Museum Building. Proceeds from the highly-successful event will go toward the cost of the Garden’s new electric, environmentally-sound public transportation system, Entertainment Bieigad by the big brass of the Grand Fuzz band. - ie “y ee . Picnic guests make use of the Garden's new tram system. - A Visit to the Arboretum Bee tor Monet: Gardener And Artist It is not unusual for a particular place or a particular object to figure importantly in an artist's life oeuvre. It is unusual when the artist himself creates such a place, as Monet did at Giverny. “Monet at Giverny,” the special exhibition of the St. Louis Art Museum, covers the efforts of the artist to capture what his mind’s eye beheld of the lush garden setting he created. Monet withdrew to the pastoral life at Giverny in 1883 and began to devise a garden of lush texture, colors and shapes in rectangular beds. He was his own gardener until he hired one in 1892. In 1893, Monet bought the marshy tract across the railroad tracks and began the garden which became the focus of both his life and art in his final years. A pond fed by a stream, the Ru, was excavated; gingkos, willows, Japanese cherries were planted; a Japanese style footbridge placed across the narrow end of the pond; the pond itself planted with the water- lilies that recur in his last works: in brief, a garden of Oriental inspiration but in important respects — easily comprehensible by comparison with the Japanese Garden here — not an Oriental garden. Especially does it diverge in its ignoring of symbolic aspects. Its artist and orchestrator was, after all, of the Impressionist school that was fascinated by the mechanics of vision. Monet was not engaged in putting his garden on canvas. He was portraying evanescence of the gar- den: the changes of color, light and life. Though few of his pictures are portraits, his canvases are concerned with people as the garden is wrought by man. Paint- ing what he saw was a frustratingly unrealized goal for Monet. And who has essayed a garden who can- not comprehend Monet's frustration? Monet at Giverny, about 1926 (photo by Nickolas Moray, courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Museum of Modern Art, New York). R. H. Daley Appointed To New Garden Post Richard H. Daley Richard H. Daley has been appointed special as- sistant to Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, effec- tive July 1, 1978. In his new post, Mr. Daley will be involved in long term projects on behalf of the director. His first assignment is to seek funding for the rehabili- tation and restoration of the Garden's historical build- ings. Mr. Daley has been at the Garden for more than five years. He was appointed chairman of the Ecolog- ical Services Department in September, 1977, and has been involved in the study of endangered species in Missouri, an ongoing project. Mr. Daley holds a graduate degree in ecology from Colorado State University. He is married and lives on the grounds of the Shaw Arboretum. Garden Receives Foundation Grant The National Science Foundation, one of the na- tion’s premiere scientific organizations, has awarded the Garden a grant to support the ongoing series of Annual Systematics Symposia held here. Foundation support of this important program, approved on scien- tific merit for approximately five years, is evidence of the high reputation the Garden enjoys among na- tional scientific and cultural institutions. The Systematics Symposia at the Garden attract botanists and research scientists from around the na- tion each year, as well as scientists from international institutions. They provide a public forum for the ex- change of ideas and research conclusions in sys- tematics and other topics. The program is under the direction of Dr. Gerrit Davidse, Assistant Curator of Botany at the Garden. 9 Gardening in St. Louis SEHD H RARER TD The hot days of August do not inspire vigorous gardening. However, certain tasks do need to be done. Cool fall crops not planted late in July should be planted immediately. Work up the soil, adding organic matter and a balanced fertilizer such as 12-12-12. Rake the ground, level and sow seed. Seed at this time of the year should be planted somewhat deeper than in the spring, when soils were cooler and more moisture existed. Keep the ground moderately moist until seeds germinate and then mulch immediately to control weeds. Good vegetables for planting now are carrots, lettuce (particularly some of the leaf and head lettuces), broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, radishes and spinach. These plants, although they will grow slowly when first started, will gradually increase growth rates as nights become cooler and will amply reward the gardener with vegetables later on. Annuals on display can be improved by cutting back heavily and following with a feeding of a liquid fertilizer and, if needed, spraying with a good fun- gicide such as Captan or Benlate. In a short time, plants will begin to flower and continue into the fall months. Rose and Lawn Care Roses should receive their last feeding of balanced fertilizer. Continue spray programs for the control of leaf blight and mildew as well as to keep insects under control. Roses that have been adequately tended, with proper amounts of water and fertilizer, should be growing well and should reward the grower with flowers throughout the next two to three months. When watering make sure that it penetrates. Water every 10 to 12 days. Lawns should be checked for signs of sod web- worm. If this is a problem, spray immediately with Diazinon according to directions. Apply to the lawn when it is moderately moist or follow with a good watering. Repeat in seven to 10 days for at least two more applications. Prepare to reseed bare areas late in August or early September. Flower Drying This is an excellent time to collect flowers for dry- ing. One good method is to hang them upside down to air dry in a dark area. By this method the flowers retain much of their form and color. First, strip off the leaves, fasten the flowers in little bunches by twisting a rubber band or tie a wire loosely around the stems and hang them from a clothes line in a garage, attic or closet. Drying time varies from a few days to more than a week. The more quickly flowers dry, the truer their colors remain. Flowers that are good to dry in- clude daisy, salvia, marigold, baby’s breath, cattail, goldenrod, Queen Anne's lace, yarrow and wild grass. Small delicate flowers and grasses should be dried flat by laying them on fine wire screens or ele- 10 vated above the floor. They should also be kept in a dark, dry place. Another technique for drying plants is to cover them with a moisture absorbing mixture. You may purchase selica jel crystals at garden supply houses, florist shops and garden centers under a variety of trade names, or you can make your own moisture absorb- ing mix by combining equal parts of household borax and cornmeal. Clean white sand also works well. Be- fore you put the flowers in the drying mixture remove the stems, insert a piece of florist wire through the center of each bloom, make a small hook at the end of the florist wire, pull the wire through the flower until the hook catch is hidden by the flower petals and cut the wire to two-inch length. After the flowers have dried you can make stems any length you want by adding more wire to the two-inch length and wrapping the entire stem with green florist tape. Dried flowers make ideal arrangements for the winter months. This is a good month for visiting other gardens and making note of flowers you want to have for your own garden next year or of changes that need to be made. —Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist KEITH WEST, ILLUSTRATOR Fuchsia excorticata An old friend has been back at the Garden for the last few weeks, working on his illustrations in the botany department. Keith West, noted botanical illus- trator, is staff artist for the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in Christchurch, New Zea- land. Mr. West has collaborated with Tamra and Peter Raven on a research project and is illustrator of their book, The Genus Epilobium (Onagraceae) in Aus- tralasia: a systematic and evolutionary study. |In addi- tion, he was the artist who drew Trelease’s larkspur, prints of which are available for sale at the Garden Gate Shop. Mr. West will make several other visits to botanical institutions in this country before returning to New Zealand via England and Africa. The Garden looks forward to his return in 1980. Tours Members’ Trip To Winterthur The Tower Grove House Historical Committee is sponsoring a four-day tour October 9-12, which in- cludes private morning and afternoon tours of the Winterthur Museum, former home of Henry Francis duPont, with its unique collection of American furni- ture, silver and art objects from 1640 to 1840. Other highlights of the tour will be historical houses in the Germantown and Fairmont Park areas of Philadel- phia. A tour of “Andalusia,” the Greek revival man- sion, will be a highlight of the visit to Bucks County, Pa. Space is limited. For further information and reser- vations, call Montclair Travel, 367-3000, or Tower Grove House, 773-9000. ee Hawaiian Tours Scheduled A Garden tour of Hawaii is being planned for next January and February by the Members’ Office and Tauck Tours. Members should receive brochures de- scribing the trip within the next two months, but may obtain additional information immediately by contact- ing the Members’ Office at the Garden, 772-7600. The tour itinerary will feature the neighbor islands where true Hawaii still lingers, including eight days on Molokai, Hawaii, Maui and Kauai. In addition, five days are planned for a visit to the main island of Oahu and colorful Honolulu, the island state’s capital city. )—“ springtime For Members In Australia, Tahiti Escape the onset of winter in Missouri by joining Garden members on a tour to New Zealand, Australia and Tahiti, November 3 through 25 — spring in the land “down under”! Isolated from the rest of the world for 50 million years, these land masses have evolved many unique species of flora. Among these are the strange “black boy” grass tree and the ancient palms of Central Australia. Orchids abound in tropical Queensland while other wildflower varieties extend throughout all climate zones. Special botanical tours to private gar- dens by local horticultural societies have been ar- ranged for this trip. The tour will be escorted by Dr. Marshall Crosby, director of research at the Garden. Cost includes round trip air transportation from St. Louis, first class hotel accommodations, most (33) meals, cruises on Milford Sound and the Hawkesbury River, all admis- sions and sightseeing as listed in itinerary and many more exciting highlights. For additional information and a brochure, call the Members’ Office at 772- 7600, ext. 25. Organic Gardening Workshop A one-day workshop on Organic Gardening will be given at the Shaw Arboretum from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. on Saturday, August 12. The instructor for this work- shop will be William Davit, naturalist on the Arboretum staff. The culture of vegetables using natural methods and materials will be discussed. Soil preparation, mulching, and composting techniques will be demonstrated in the instructor's garden on the Arboretum grounds. The fee for this workshop will be $8, or $6 for Gar- den members. Advance registration is required: call 772-7600, extension 81. Participants will meet at the Visitor Center at Shaw Arboreum in Gray Summit, Mo. Mark Your Calendar Aug. 6 Aug. 24 Ice Cream Social — 1-4 p.m. An Evening in the Garden — “A Little Night Music” — 7-10 p.m. Aug. 26-Sept. 4 9 a.m.-5 p.m. MEMBERSHIP — JUNE 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. Watson K. Blair Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr. James H. Howe, III Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, Ill Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP — JUNE 1978 SPONSORING Mr. L. H. Moeser SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. John E. Burrows Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Mrs. Don Johnston Dr./Mrs. D. M. Keefe Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Majtas, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert D. Palmer CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. John R. Barsanti, Jr. Miss Bertha Deutsch Mr./Mrs. Ralph Edwards Mrs. Alfred J. Fleischer Mr./Mrs. Mack A. Gale Mr./Mrs. Sam M. Kennard, Ill Mrs. Raymond E. Lange Dr./Mrs. Paul Langlois Mrs. Walter W. Lorch, Jr. Dr./Mrs. John J. McNamare Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Andrew Pohl Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louls Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show — Floral Display House — 5 (| Mrs. Seth A. Robins Mrs. Dorothy D. Smith Dr./Mrs. Joseph M. Touhill Mr./Mrs. S. R. Whitelaw NEW MEMBERSHIPS CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Charles Agles Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Beckmann Mr. Bruce C. Lacoss Ms. Frances Meyer REGULAR Mr./Mrs. J. C. Abbott Mr./Mrs. W. M. Arendell Mr./Mrs. Charles Bailey Mr./Mrs. G. A. Balke Mr./Mrs. K. O. Barr Mr./Mrs. T. Bayer Mr./Mrs. Stanley J. Bernstein Mr./Mrs. E. G. Bloch Dr./Mrs. A. G. Boldizar Mr./Mrs. R. M. Brumby Dr./Mrs. T. A. Burdick Mr. Daniel Cahill Mr./Mrs. P. D. Callahan Ms. Jacquellyn Campbell Mr./Mrs. Jack Carey Mr./Mrs. R. L. Carlson Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Casey Ms. M. E. Cavanaugh Mr./Mrs. Victor Cavellero Ms. Dorothy J. Cline Mr./Mrs. M. J. Costello, Jr. Mr./Mrs. M. A. Darrough Mr./Mrs. C. C. Daugherty Mr./Mrs. F. J. DeCastro Mr./Mrs. D. L. Dempsey Mr./Mrs. C. Dressel, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Dale Dutton Mr./Mrs. J. J. Dwyer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. K. A. Eccles Mr./Mrs. A. Everding Mr./Mrs. O. Farmer Miss Josephine B. Farrington Mr./Mrs. Harry Ferris Mr./Mrs. John M. Flachmann Mrs. Joseph W. Foehr Mr./Mrs. William R. Frielingsdort Mr./Mrs. George S. Gilley Mr./Mrs. Karl Gottleber Mr. C. Grubbs Mr./Mrs. Leo Gugliocciello Mr./Mrs. Roy W. Hake Mr./Mrs. R. L. Hannon Mr./Mrs. Joseph Hanrahan Mr. Robert J. Hauck Mr./Mrs. John J. Hayes, III Ms. Holly Heinzmann Mr./Mrs. Richard A. Hernandez Mr./Mrs. Harland S. Herrin Mr. John A. Hinojos Mrs. Gerri L. Hirst Mr./Mrs. Glen F. Horton Ms. Diane M. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Don A. Johnson Ms. Tamie Kamiyama Mr./Mrs. R. D. Kerckhoff, Jr. Mrs. Nancy Kessinger Mr./Mrs. Norbert F. Lauer Ms. Jean Lovati Mr./Mrs. Robert MacCash Mr./Mrs. Kenneth MacKesson Mr./Mrs. John Mackey Mr./Mrs. Trennis V. Mattingly Miss Grace R. Mazzoni Mr./Mrs. Gerald J. McGivern Mr./Mrs. Lee C. McKinley Mrs. Audrey C. Meiners Dr./Mrs. L. E. Mendonsa Mr./Mrs. Dale Menken Mr./Mrs. Gregory Michaud Mr./Mrs. Tim Michels Dr./Mrs. W. H. Middleton Ms. Glenda Miles Mr./Mrs. Donald Mitchell Mr./Mrs. Donald G. Moeller Mr./Mrs. James W. Monroe Mrs. Carl V. Moore Mrs. Russell B. Nash Mr./Mrs. John V. Newill Mr. Greg S. Niedt Dr./Mrs. Shelton Niehaus Mr./Mrs. William Odell Mrs. Helen O'Truk Mr./Mrs. Philip Paeltz Mr./Mrs. Sanford Payuk Mr./Mrs. Wallace R. Persons Mr./Mrs. Ray Peterson Mr./Mrs. Don C. Pisoni Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Pitcher Mr./Mrs. Lee Quernheim Ms. Anita J. Rassfeld Mr./Mrs. Rex E. Reed Mr./Mrs. Thomas G. Renaud Ms. Linda S. Ristow Mr./Mrs. H. E. Roberts Mr. Fred S. Rogerson Mr./Mrs. Dominic Rosso Ms. Jean A. Roth Mr./Mrs. W. B. Roth-Roffy Mr./Mrs. J. T. Salmon, Jr. Mrs. W. L. Santhuff Mr./Mrs. Harvey R. Scheer Mr./Mrs. W. F. Schierholz Mr./Mrs. Richard N. Schiff Mrs. Violet B. Schoellig Mr. Jerry Schutz : Mr./Mrs. John F. Schutz Miss Mathilda Schwink Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Sebastian Ms. Dianne M. Shea Mr./Mrs. Jack P. Shelnutt Mr./Mrs. Leonard A. Siebels Dr./Mrs. W. F. Simms, Jr. Ms. Wanda J. Simpson Mr./Mrs. Robert D. Slantz Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Smith Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Smith Mrs. A. Sonnenschein Ms. Mary E. Standley Mr. Harvey L. Stumpf Mrs. Lois J. Sullivan Mr./Mrs. John Susko Mr./Mrs. Howard Sutherland Mr./Mrs. Wilbur F. Taylor Mr. Don L. Tillofson Ms. Anne Trout Mr./Mrs. Robert T. Voepel Mrs. Lucille Wall Mr./Mrs. G. E. Wallen Mr./Mrs. Kenneth H. Weber Miss Florence C. Wesseln Mr./Mrs. James Wierzbicki Mr./Mrs. L. J. Wilkes Ms. Ollie Mae Williams Mr./Mrs. William L. Wynne JUNE TRIBUTES In Honor of Mrs. Erna Eisendrath’s Birthday Ann and John Chafee In Honor of Mrs. John Lehmann’s Birthday Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead’s Wedding Anniversary Leicester and Mary Faust In Memory of Mr. Floyd Augustine Mr. & Mrs. Robert W. Smith In Memory of Emma T. Dee Dr. and Mrs. George A. Mahe In Memory of Mrs. James Demorest Mr. and Mrs. C. Harry Pujol In Memory of Mr. E. A. Drew Dr. and Mrs. H. G. Schwartz In Memory of E. L. Engler Mrs. Edwin R. Meyer In Memory of Mrs. Helen M. Fotheringham Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Russell E. Gardner, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William H. Charles In Memory of Mrs. Giesel Mr. and Mrs. Jack Wulfmeyer In Memory of Elvin W. Gough Mr. and Mrs. Greatorex C. Bradshaw In Memory of Mrs. Milton Greenfield Mr. and Mrs. Edmund A. Hogbin, Jr. In Memory of E. A. Hogbin, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Maurice Frank Mrs. Ruth Mennel In Memory of Mr. Wiebur B. Jones Mr. and Mrs. Samuel M. Kennard, Ill In Memory of Louis Jostes Sign of the Arrow Thomas C. Hullverson Mr. and Mrs. Philip J. Weicker In Memory of Mrs. Arthur Kendall Elizabeth and Alexander Bakewell In Memory of Raymond J. Kleine Mitchell and Marie Grzesiowski In Memory of Mr. Danny Lander Mr. and Mrs. Jack Wulfmeyer In Memory of McMillan Lewis Betty and Roblee McCarthy In Memory of Robert G. Moult Ms. Clara Moult In Memory of Mrs. A. Margaret O’Haver Mr. and Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr. In Memory of Jack L. Oliver Frances and Harry Weier In Memory of Mrs. Henry F. Schiller Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas In Memory of Mary Ann Speer Mary V. Ruth Helen M. Smith In Memory of Albert E. Stephens Anita J. Rassfeld In Memory of J. E. Williamson Mr. and Mrs. Herbert J. Ralston In Memory of W. M. Williamson James and Eloise Weatherby MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin A Rose By Any Other Name... - Futura, above, orange Hybrid Tea, gold medal winner; and, inset upper right, Electron, Hybrid Tea. The world’s oldest cultivated ornamental, the rose, is held in such esteem that it has two homes at the Garden and a test garden at the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, Mo. Scientifically, the rose is of the botanical order Rosales, an ornamental and food plant which counts many well known fruit-bearers among its relatives— the strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, peach, apricot and plum. Its blossoms are unparal- leled in fragrance and color. Rose history is equally colorful. Fossilized evi- dence discovered in Oregon and Colorado has dated the forerunners of the modern rose at between 35 and 70 million years old. The history of its cultivation is supported by rose-reliefs minted on Central Asian coins in 4,000 B.C., rose representations on Euro- pean frescoes in 1600 B.C. and an ancient Coptic manuscript telling of roses blooming amid the splen- dor of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Legend, in fact, dates the flower even further into the past—to the Garden of Eden. The rose can be traced through history as an ornament and a medicine in the culture of ancient Greeks and Romans, as an emblem for the early Christian church, as a part of coats of arms for royal families during the Middle Ages. By 1829, some 2,000 varieties had been de- veloped and named world-wide. Today that number exceeds 3,000. There are some 5,000 examples of 200 rose species native to the world’s north temperate zones and higher elevations of south temperate zones in India and Mexico. The Garden’s specimens are con- tained in two rose gardens—the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden and the North Rose Garden. Each vari- ety blooms in cycle during the summer months and blossoms anew with special brilliance late into the fall. Behind the scenes is the test garden now located at the Shaw Arboretum. The Garden is one of 36 test centers for the All America Rose Selections. In test plots, experimental hybrids are planted as part of the AARS program—the beginning of a two-year test for fragrance, hardiness, disease resistance and color which each new variety must pass before it is made available commercially to the nation. Of the 40 or 50 test varieties planted each year, two or three are usu- ally award winners. Each year, the award winners are planted in the Garden’s permanent collection, where visitors may inspect them for a year before they are presented commercially to the nation. Such scientific functions ensure that the botani- cal and horticultural lore of the rose, beyond its beauty and fragrance, will remain a focal point in the living legacy of the Garden. Volume LXVI Number 9 September 1978 Bootheel Trip Scheduled Join the Arboretum for a chartered bus trip to explore various natural features of Missouri's Boot- heel, September 30-October 1. The tour group will visit the Mingo Swamp Wildlife Refuge Area (a rem- nant of the rich and diverse Mississippi flood plain swamps once occupying vast portions of the south- eastern corner of the state), Big Oak Tree State Park (home of numerous state and national champion sized trees), Holly Ridge (a recently acquired natural area of the Missouri Department of Conservation), and Bird Hill (with numerous large specimens of the native beech). Jon Hawker, noted local naturalist and profes- sor of biology, will accompany the group as guest naturalist. The fee includes chartered bus, motel ac- commodations, and two lunches. A restaurant stop will be made for Saturday dinner and Sunday break- fast, but these are not included. Previous natural area trips sponsored by the Arboretum have been filled rapidly, and early registration is suggested. Fee: members: $42.00 (single occupancy), $38.00 (double occupancy). Non-members: $48.00 (single occupancy), $44.00 (double occupancy). Members To Tour Hawaii Enjoy the carefree enchantment of the Islands in complete luxury as part of a Garden members’ tour. Included is Oahu, where Honolulu is located, and the best of the neighbor islands to give you a comforta- ble, well-balanced program of sightseeing, recreation and leisure. The tour is scheduled for February 7 through 20, 1979. For further information, call the Members’ Office at 772-7600, ext. 25. Pring Memorial Planned For Japanese Garden Over the years, many individuals and groups have contributed funds to establish a memorial to George H. Pring, long-time Garden staff member and devotee and his wife Isabelle. The decision has been made to construct a special garden within the Japanese Garden in the Prings’ name. It is especially appropriate since this was a favorite area of the Prings, although of course, the Japanese Garden was not in existence at that time. The Pring Memorial Garden has been designed by Koichi Kawana, de- signer of the Japanese Garden. This will be a lovely reminder of a man who was a member of the Garden staff for fifty-seven years, and a woman who was influential in the establishment of the auxiliary which operated Tower Grove House. The Pring Memorial Garden, planned for the Japanese Garden and designed by Prof. Koichi Kawana of UCLA, designer of the Japanese Garden. | 9 Mr. Pring was born in 1885 in Devonshire and trained at Kew at a very young age. He came to this country with a desire to work at the Garden, joining the staff as foreman of the orchid department in 1906. His life was devoted to orchids—he judged them, wrote about them, collected them throughout the world. Mr. Pring also developed lilies for the pools, a subject he studied thoroughly. In 1928, Mr. Pring was appointed Superintendent of the Garden, a position in which he served until his retirement in December of 1962. He and Mrs. Pring remained in the St. Louis area until her death in 1969. Mr. Pring then moved east to live with his daughter. The Prings’ devoted service to the Garden will be commemorated in the lovely new area to be con- structed in the Japanese Garden. The Garden Looks To Its Future ... New Appointments ae Arthur M. Dye, Jr. Several new appointments announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, emphasize the fact that the Garden is looking to its future. With the Gar- den’s development campaign well underway, ground broken for the new maintenance complex and plans being finalized for the new Education/Visitor Orienta- tion Center, new personnel have been appointed to direct and participate in the Garden’s future develop- ment. The Garden extends a warm welcome to Messrs. Godlewski and Dye and congratulates Mr. Orner on his promotion. ARTHUR M. DYE, JR., Arthur M. Dye, Jr., has accepted the position of assistant director effective August 15. He was for- merly director of development for the Kirksville Col- lege of Osteopathic Medicine in Kirksville, Missouri. In that position, he was responsible for college and hos- pital fund raising, public relations, publications and alumni activities. He has extensive experience in long range planning. In addition, Mr. Dye has served as director of de- velopment for Wilmington College, Wilmington, Ohio; and as executive secretary for the American Friends Service Committee, Philadelphia. Mr. Dye holds a graduate degree from Putney Graduate School and had his undergraduate training at Davidson College in North Carolina. In a recent interview, Mr. Dye stated that he saw his role at the Garden as principally one of resource development. The expanded programs, building re- habilitation and building program all will require new resources in order to be carried to completion. The new assistant director also feels a strong commitment to the Garden’s neighborhood and to the community. His sense of excitement about the Gar- den and its future is quite contagious. He sees gar- dening as an art form in which everyone is a particip- ant. ALAN GODLEWSKI Alan Godlewski assumed the post of chairman of harles W. Orner Alan Godlewski the department of grounds at the Garden on July 17. He has spent the past few weeks becoming familiar with the Garden and the staff, and assessing the con- dition of the present collection of plants. Mr. God- lewski will supervise a staff of 13 people in his new role. Mr. Godlewski brings special talents and experi- ence to the Garden. He has been superintendent of Gardens at Filoli Center, Woodside, California, supervising the maintenance of 18 acres of formal gardens, greenhouse production and display, water gardens, kitchen and perennial gardens. He was re- sponsible for an educational program that included personnel training, student intern program, summer programs for college students, volunteer training and public education in practical horticultural subjects. Mr. Godlewski has a master’s degree in horticul- ture from the University of California, Davis. He has a strong background and interest in teaching. His hob- bies include photography, skiing, travel and white water rafting. CHARLES W. ORNER Charles W. Orner has been appointed assistant director of the Garden and will continue to serve as controller and secretary of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Orner has been at the Garden in his present position for five years. Prior to his appointment he served as vice president of Morgan Wightman Com- pany. Philly Tour Reminder Just a reminder, if you haven't yet made your re- servations for the Philadelphia trip, that there is still time. The Historical Committee of Tower Grove House is sponsoring a tour October 9, 10, 11 and 12 to Winterthur Museum and Gardens, Wilmington, Dela- ware, and outstanding historical homes near Philadelphia. Space is limited. For information call Montclair Travel, 367-3000, or Tower Grove House, 773-9000. 2 Fall Plant Sale, Sept. 30-Oct. 1 The third annual fall plant sale will be held in the Floral Display House on Saturday, September 30 and Sunday, October 1, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Thousands of plants will be offered at a special 20% discount to members. Bears, elephants, turtles and frogs will be attend- ing with Ms. Carolyn Pokorny, their creator. The ani- mals are creeping fig (Ficus pumila) topiaries de- signed by Ms. Pokorny and will, of course, be for sale. A botanical art show also will complement the sale. Watercolors of botanical themes by Lisa Carriel will offer another opportunity to take some of the Gar- den home with you. A featured item offered for the first time will be antique “collectable” tree labels dat- ing to the 1920's. These labels, no longer in use, will make clever conversation pieces. Experts will be on hand to answer questions concerning home horticulture. ‘You Run Wild and Free... A Child’s View of Nature During a recent educational session at the Gar- den, part of the Pitzman summer program, children were placed in “magic spots” and told to pretend to be the animal of their choice. Students then wrote something about what it felt like to be that animal, or what the animal would do. A sampler: What It’s Like To Be a Horse You have a feeling of freedom. You run wild and free and nobody ever cares. The silence around you is peaceful and lovely. Other animals around (such as the raccoon) go along with their own business, never caring who sees them working. BUT THEN, footsteps in the grass, laughing, talking, HUMANS. As quick as a streak of lightning every animal fleds in terror, even me the brave and beautiful horse fleds from the sight of them. They bring fires, and destroy our means of living. But soon they have passed and life begins again. —Amy W. Being a Animal Raccoon Animals crawl, walk, swimm, slide. Animals eat one another It's some of a food chain. All animals are nice in some way. But sometimes the balance of nature is upset, by man mostly. Many animals are in terror of being killed. But now, animals are being saved. Animals are beautiful. But some animals called humans don't think this way. If only something would change their views. Being a animal is easily said but not easily done. —Jill D. a os >» is Planning a plant purchase, during the Garden's highly-successful 1977 Fall Plant Sale. Members’ Tour ‘Down Under’ Each spring in Christchurch, New Zealand, the population is feverishly involved in the annual com- petition for the judging of the most beautiful gardens on public and private grounds. With its 2,120 hours of annual sunshine and equable climate, producing fan- tastic growth and riotous color, Christchurch truly de- serves its title of “Garden City.” As one of its special features, the November 3 Garden tour to New Zealand, Australia and Tahiti has been invited to visit many of the award-winning pri- vate gardens where native flowers can be seen, in- cluding the Kowhai, Kaka’s Beak, Clematis and Eus- Chia. Tour members also will be privileged to visit Mil- ton Park Gardens in Bowral, New South Wales, Au- Stralia. This 1,200-acre property contains a beautifully landscaped spring garden with lilacs, dogwoods, rhododendrons and azaleas. There are walls and blocks of sandstone and the largest piece, weighing several tons, forms a trough and fountain in the sun- ken garden. Other highlights include a Milford Sound cruise and a visit to an authentic Australian sheep station. Since spring in that unbelievable land “down under” is in our fall, the tour departs November 3 and returns November 25, 1978, so that members may enjoy the South Pacific scenery at its finest. Tour price is $2,916.00, including deluxe hotel accommodations, all air fare and most meals. For further information, call the Garden, 772-7600, or Montclair Travel, 367-3000. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign Garden Participates In Mark Twain Summer Institute The Mark Twain Summer Institute has been pro- viding enriching and challenging learning experi- ences for the area’s exceptional secondary school students for 20 years. The Institute draws upon in- stitutions and universities and their faculties to offer such courses as astronomy, advanced biology, ex- perimentation physics, chemistry, music, art, drama, philosophy, Chinese, Russian, computer and creative writing. This year the Garden participated by offering a course in botany. The class met for 3/2 hours each day from June 19 to July 28, for a program designed to give the students a glimpse of the cultural, political and economic aspects of botanical activities and botany as a pure science. The Garden’s Desert House, Climatron, Mediter- ranean House and herbarium were educational backdrops for lectures on medical botany, plant nomenclature, flower and vegetative structures, de- sert plants, rain forests, flower pollination and gras- ses. Students participated in a review of research car- ried out by botanists on the staff. One, in which the Leakey Foundation solicited Dr. William D'Arcy in 1975 to study the vegetation of the African mountain gorilla’s habitat and diet, gave students an insight into the political problems of trying to save that animal and habitat from extinction. Another research project of Dr. Peter Goldblatt’s for the USDA illustrated the use of botany to study a political and economic problem—how to eliminate illegal heroin traffic while ensuring medicinal and therapeutic drug derivatives from the opium poppy. Dr. Goldblatt, after investigat- ing relatives of the opium poppy, was able to collect Bill D’Arcy, center, and (age Jan Saunders, of the Garden staff, supervise a Climatron botany ¥ class as part of the (ame 1978 Mark Twain & Summer Institute 4% “a program. seeds to initiate cultivation of Papover bracteatun, which provided the beneficial drugs but no heroin de- rivation. Dr. D’Arcy explored the concept of tropical rain forests, the plants of which are so well represented in the Climatron, and the significance of trying to save some of these valuable regions in Central and South America. John Elsley introduced students to some of the philosophic suggestions of Japanese gardens in rela- tion to the culture and religious beliefs of Japan. The lotus, the iris and the pine convey symbolic meaning to the Eastern mind, while the arrangement of the garden itself subtly refers to greater themes of life. The Japanese Garden, Seiwa-En, exemplifies many of the expressions of Japan’s gardens. In addition to the Garden's facilities, students vis- ited several industries to study the economic signifi- cance of plants. A field trip to Ralston Purina’s protein division enlightened students to the future importance of soy protein in meeting the world’s food needs. Dis- cussing Monsanto’s agricultural products research emphasized the role that increased understanding of plant physiology coupled with chemistry and economics plays in stimulating productivity and profit for farmers. Seeing the fermentation process at the Anheuser-Busch brewery awakened students to the importance of plant products (rice, barley, hops, beech chips) and organisms (yeasts) in brewing beer. The course enabled students to utilize the re- sources of the Garden and the community to fulfill the goal of the Institute for an enriched and unique learn- ing experience for its students. Garden Poipourni, Summer Si Henry Shaw's Birthday Party, a recent carnival-under canvas at the Garden. Japanese Garden wood ducks are welcomed by Dr. Peter H. Lori Pollack, a Purdue University student working at the Garden for the Raven, Garden director (left); Alan Godlewski, chairman of the summer, is hip-deep in her pool-cleaning duties. Department of Grounds (center); and Karl Slagle of the Missouri Department of Conservation (right). 6 A special Neighborhood Garden Party, organized by the Membership Committee of the Executive Board, treated residents of the Garden's neighborhood to an evening tour, displays by the various Garden departments, refreshments and fun. Clockwise from above, Garden displays attract visitor interest; clowns and kids add to the festivities; and visitors use the new electric tram system to “get around.” Oakland, 19th Century home, is surrounded by oak trees given by Henry Shaw to his friend, Lewis Benoist, and bears a resemblance to Tower Grove House. * wea « Pilgrimage Week Is September 22-October 1 With much of its original Victorian furnishings in- tact, Tower Grove House on the Garden grounds will be one of the most popular attractions during St. Louis’ sixth annual Historic Pilgrimage, a week-long program of tours and special events to be held Sep- tember 22-October 1. Landmarks Association of St. Louis, Inc., and the Missouri Historical Society are co-sponsors of the event, which will feature 24 outstanding Pilgrimage locations, including several private residences. A tour of the near South Side on Sunday, Oc- tober 1, will feature Tower Grove House and the Chatillon-DeMenil House, a Greek Revival style house elaborately decorated with ornamental iron- work. The Lemp Mansion, former home of St. Louis brewer William Lemp, will be the featured luncheon stop, and a walking tour of the ambitious renovation work being done in the LaSalle Park area will round out the day’s Pilgrimage. Other tours will visit: Oakland: Italianate country estate built in 1852 by Louis A. Benoist, a close friend of Henry Shaw. De- signed by Shaw’s architect, George |. Barnett, Oak- land shares many structural similarities with Tower Grove House. Hawkin House: A Greek Revival style, two-story brick house built in 1857 by the son of the maker of the famous Hawkin rifle, features a 19th century flower and herb garden with sundial in the rear of the house. Laumeier Memorial Park: A peaceful park, once a family estate, containing more than 40 pieces of sculpture by St. Louis sculptor Ernest Trova. The 8 ee” \ sate main house, an elegant stone mansion, is used as an art gallery featuring rotating exhibits. St. Charles Wine Garden: Lunch will be served at this outdoor restaurant on a bluff overlooking the Mis- souri River, during a pause in a day-long visit to St. Charles, Mo. The National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows: Lunch at the Shrine will be followed with a riding tour of the grounds during the visit to the Cahokia and Belleville, Ill., areas. A variety of other attractions will also be on tap during Historic Pilgrimage ‘78, including the St. Louis Miniature Exhibition at the Chase-Park Plaza, Sep- tember 22-24; an exhibit of 19th century costumes, quilts and coverlets at the Madison County Historical Society; the annual Arts and Crafts Fair at the Sap- pington House, October 1; and a slide show, “Lac- lede’s Landing ... An Historic Perspective,” shown daily at 9:30 am. in the Missouri Historical Society, Jefferson Memorial, Forest Park. The cost for the “Bus and Lunch” tour is $16.50 per person and includes transportation, guided tour, lunch and all admission fees. Tours will be held Tues- day, September 26 through Sunday, October 1. A free descriptive brochure listing all tours and houses is available by contacting the Missouri Histor- ical Society. Reservations for bus tours close Sep- tember 15 and early reservations are recommended. For information, tour reservations or tickets, con- tact Mrs. Mary Daly, Missouri Historical Society, Jef- ferson Memorial Building, Forest Park, St. Louis, Mo. 63112, telephone: 314/361-1424. Tropical Biology Study The Committee on Research Priorities in Tropical Biology, of which Dr. Peter H. Raven is chairman, met at the Garden for the second time in July, to discuss present and projected rates of tropical forest destruc- tion and to establish the methodology for a survey into the matter. To quote from the Committee's report: “The tropical moist forest biome is biotically the richest and most complex region on earth. Scientifi- cally it is the least explored. In terms of survival pros- pects, it is often considered to be the most threatened biome on earth. If present land-use trends and exploi- tation patterns persist, large parts of the region will be grossly disrupted if not destroyed during the course of the next few decades. This impoverishment would mark a significant and irreversible loss to society, now and forever.” The principle purpose of the survey will be to document and analyze the present extent and nature of the destruction of tropical forests. Staff Art Exhibit Members of the Garden staff will exhibit all forms of artwork at a special show scheduled from Sep- tember 11 to October 15, in the John S. Lehmann Building lobby. Represented will be drawings, photo- graphs, paintings, prints, woodcarvings and sculpture. Tower Grove House ==3 Christmas ~ Card \ A winter scene of Tower Grove House, right, will be the ut. subject of the Garden's 1978 pam Christmas cards, currently available at the Garden Gate Shop. The cards, in full color, are packaged 20 to a box and sell for $5.50. Through September 30, a special members’ offer will be in effect — $4.50 per 20-card box. Landscape Design, Course Ill Course IIl, Landscape Design Study in the con- tinuing series, will be offered on October 10 and 11, at the J. C. Penney Continuing Education Building at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. The course is open to the public, with no prerequisites. The instructors are horticulturists, botanists, foresters, and landscape design architects. One section of the course, entitled “Plants and Design” and scheduled for 1:15 to 2:45 p.m. Wednes- day, October 11, will be conducted by Robert J. Dingwall, the Garden's chief horticulturist. For assistance in understanding the course material, the following reading assignments are suggested: An Introduction to Landscape Archi- tecture, Laurie (Pp. 45-84; 133-166); Landscape Architecture, Simonds (Pp. 1-41); The Book of Landa- scape Design, Ortloff and Raymore (Pp. 213-264; 278-290); and Redoing America, Faltermayer (Pp. 1-118). Any questions about the course should be di- rected to Dorothy A. Jones, University of Missouri Continuing Education-Extension Division, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Mo. 63121, tele- phone (314) 453-5961. The overall course fee is $25 with a one day fee of $15. Mark your calendar and please register well in advance to insure prompt receipt of materials. Gardening in St. Louis Vacations are about ended and gardeners must now plan for fall care of the garden. Make note of any changes you wish to make in the garden for next spring. Otherwise, they will tend to be forgotten over the coming months. September is the ideal month for lawn renova- tion. Growing conditions this past season have pro- duced good lawns for the most part. Adequate rain early in the spring resulted in excellent growth and continued throughout most of the late summer. If the grass is long and spongy, it is usually an indication that thatching needs to be done. Power rakes are available which can be adjusted and will remove dead thatch. This should be done as early in the month as possible. Following thatching one should also con- sider aerating the lawn, particularly areas that receive a lot of wear and tear. Follow these procedures with a feeding program using a fertilizer such as a 12-12-12 at the rate of four to five pounds per 1,000 square feet. Areas which were thin or weedy should be re- worked to a depth of six to eight inches, incorporating plenty of organic matter and reseeding with a good seed mix. In purchasing lawn seed, make sure you purchase seed of high quality. This usually costs a little more but the grower is assured of a better type of grass. Use three or four mixes together for best re- Sults, rather than just one variety. Sodding can also be accomplished successfully this month. The ground should be worked thoroughly, adding organic matter, lime, if necessary, and a bal- anced fertilizer, raking until the area is smooth, then a light rolling and placing the sod on top. Water sod thoroughly. Newly seeded areas should be kept moist until the grass is well established. As the weather cools off, the mower can be lowered so it is cutting about one and one-half to two inches for the balance of the season. Compost Pile September is an ideal month also to start com- posting with the clean up of the garden. There is a great deal of garden debris that can go into the com- post pile. Start with a layer of coarse material, six to 12 inches deep, then a layer of fine material for 12 inches, water this heavily, then a layer of coarse, al- ternating back and forth until you reach a height of three to four feet. The size of the pile depends on the amount of material you have. It should be located in an area near the garden but where it can be screened from the house so that the sight is not objectionable. Enclosing the compost pile with a fence of some type will prevent animals and the wind from spreading it around. If properly planned and carried out, there will be no problem with insects or small animals in the compost pile. It is important, however, to keep the pile wet at regular intervals to allow for good decay. It is also advisable to add old compost to the various 10 layers of the pile to introduce bacteria which will has- ten the breakdown of the new material. House Plant Care House plants should be checked thoroughly to make sure that they are ready for the winter. Repot where necessary, cut plants back to encourage bushiness, and check thoroughly for insects and dis- ease. If plants have been outdoors, spraying the plants with a good insecticide and watering with a mild insecticide will get rid of any insects that are present. The first step should be to turn the pot side- ways to break up any roots that may have gone into the ground. Then lift them up on top of the soil and let them sit there a day or so. Next, move them to a sheltered spot for three or four days, where they get less wind and where light is somewhat reduced. Dur- ing this period, keep the pots on the dry side. After several days in a protected spot, move them to a garage or other area where air circulation is good and light is still reduced. After a couple of days there, they can be moved into the house. During the shorter days of the fall, plants are not growing as actively, so be careful in feeding. Less fertilizer is needed as plants Start to go dormant. Flowering plants should receive regular feeding programs to keep them flowering and in good condition. Perennials This is a good month to divide perennials, being careful to remove sections from outside the clump and discarding the centers which are old and woody. Beds for perennials should be worked to a depth of 12 to 14 inches with plenty of organic matter and super- phosphate, setting the new plants in and watering well. They should be given several inches of mulch to control ground moisture and temperature. Plants di- vided early in September should have a good root system established for overwintering. September is the ideal month to divide and reset peonies. Be careful in replanting peonies that the crown is no deeper than an inch below the soil line. Planting too deeply results in failure to flower. Garden Chores Mid-September onward, with cooler weather, many of the evergreens can be transplanted success- fully or can be purchased from the nursery. A trip to the nursery to examine plants and select ones you want is highly recommended, with delivery arranged for the proper planting time. Fall is an excellent time for selecting deciduous plants, choosing them for their colors. This should be done over the next month or six weeks; have them delivered for planting in late October. Fall planting has an advantage, since the ground is relatively warm and although the plants are dormant, they will continue to make good root growth and with a good mulching will be in better condition than plants set out in early spring. (Continued on Page 11) Pruning of late summer blooming shrubs should be completed late this month. Cut the plants back to control the height and also remove two or three of the old branches at ground level to induce new growth. Prune away any weak or broken branches. Cold frames should be throughly cleaned, removing any wanted plants. Weed and prepare soil and frames for later use or for early spring use for starting vegeta- bles. Some plants can be grown on in the frames, such as lettuce, spinach, cabbage, broccoli and radishes for late fall and early winter use. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Reflections ... The Garden Revisited The Garden has produced a color pictorial guide of the Garden. It is a 48-page book of 90 photographs spanning the seasons at the Garden and Arboretum. The booklet will sell for $2.95 and is available at the Garden Gate Shop or through the mail. For mail or- ders, add 60 cents for shipping and handling. Fall Lecture Series The theme for the Fall Lecture Series is botanical research. The wide range of topics explores the di- versity of work being conducted in the world of plants. All lectures are scheduled for Wednesdays at 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. in the John S. Lehmann Building Auditorium. The schedule: Sept. 13 Botanical Research at the Garden, Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director. Sept. 20 Flowers and their Visitors: Pollination in Tropical Plants, Dr. Alwyn Gentry. Sept. 27 Plants: Solution to the Energy Crisis?, Kurt Thies, Professor of Chemical Engineering, Washington University. Oct. 4 Life in a Tropical Forest, Dr. Thomas Croat. Oct. 11 Habitat and Diet of the Mountain Gorilla, Dr. Marshall Crosby. Oct. 18 Poppies and Politics, Dr. Peter Goldblatt. Oct. 25 Missouri Wildflowers, Erna Eisendrath, Research Associate. Nov. 1 Mushrooms and Other Fungi, James Maniotis, Associate Professor of Biology, Washington University. Nov. 8 Protecting Missouri's Endangered Species, John Wylie, Missouri Department of Conservation. Members and their guests are encouraged to attend this special series. SAS = ade ' Specimen Dahlia, among those to be exhibited during the Garden's upcoming Dahlia Society Show, scheduled for September 23-24 in the Floral Display House. Mark Your Calendar Through Sept. 4 Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show continues, Floral Display House, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Sept. 9-Oct. 1 “Fancy Foliage and Flowers,” Climatron, 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Staff Art Exhibit, John S. Lehmann Building lobby. Sept. 11-Oct. 15 Sept. 16-17 Harvest Show, sponsored by Men’s Garden Club, Floral Display House, 16th, 2-5 p.m., 17th, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. “Living Stones of South Africa,” Desert House, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Sept. 16-Oct. 15 Sept. 23-24 Dahlia Society Show, Floral Display House, 23rd, 2-5 p.m., 24th, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Plant Sale, Floral Display House, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Sept. 30, Oct. 1 MEMBERSHIP — JULY 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Lours Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. Watson K. Blair Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe, III Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mrs. Florence T. Morris 11 DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. A. H. Homeyer Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS July 1978 SPONSORING Mrs. H. C. Grigg SUSTAINING Dr./Mrs. George Benson Mr./Mrs. Glenn A. Christopher Mrs. Leonard Duerbeck Mrs. Kermet B. Hill Miss Anita P. Kemper Mr./Mrs. C. E. Wetzel CONTRIBUTING Dr. Robert M. Donati Mr./Mrs. Reinhold Hoffelder Dr./Mrs. G. S. Kieffer Mrs. Julia Maroon Mr./Mrs. Joseph M. Tasch NEW MEMBERSHIPS CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. P. Taylor Bryan, III Mr./Mrs. Kenneth R. Fiala Mr./Mrs. Edward H. Flowers Mr./Mrs. Norman C. Gilbert Mr./Mrs. Walter Gusdorf Mr./Mrs. Ellis Humphreys REGULAR Ms. Rita Adams Mrs. Judith Anderman Mr. Harold W. Anway, Sr. Mr. Krim M. Ballentine Mr./Mrs. Ralph A. Bauer Ms. Rosemarie Becker Mr./Mrs. William B. Bennet Mr./Mrs. Terrence Bettendorf Mr./Mrs. C. W. Bobinette Mr./Mrs. James E. Bracken Mr./Mrs. John A. Brennan, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Wayne T. Breunig Mrs. Vivian Burnett Mr. George Cadwallader Ms. Lisa Cady Mr. Robert J. Cassilly, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Charles M. Caswell Mr./Mrs. George J. Chamberlain Dr./Mrs. Iran N. Cohen Mr./Mrs. Frank Conley Ms. Barbara M. Cross Mr. Robert L. Dittrich Mr./Mrs. Jon Dutton Employers Management Corp. Mr./Mrs. Robert Evans Mr./Mrs. M. Falkowski Mr./Mrs. Steve Feiner Mrs. M. C. Fort Mr./Mrs. John Frederikson Mr./Mrs. Ron Frerker Mr./Mrs. Robert Galloway Miss Pearl E. Gehner Mr. Albert L. Gerding Mr./Mrs. Samad Gholami Miss Gertrude Gill Dr./Mrs. John H. Gladney Mr. Samuel Glaser Mr./Mrs. Alan Haasch Mr./Mrs. Albert Halsband Mr./Mrs. Edward M. Hansell Dr./Mrs. Paull R. Hanson Mrs. Julian B. Haynes Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Heck Ms. Saundra Heisserer Mr. Richard T. Henmi Miss Mary C. Henze Mr. Randy Hillis Mrs. Linda Hlaca Mr./Mrs. Ronald E. Hoffmann Mr. Philip Huddleston Mr./Mrs. Harry Imster Mr./Mrs. T. Frank James, Jr. Ms. Lois Johnston Mr./Mrs. Nathan D. Jones Mr./Mrs. Dennis E. Kinion Mr./Mrs. Donald King Mr./Mrs. Wlater Kleffmann Miss Margaret Konings Ms. Mary I. Kotz Mr./Mrs. John W. Kouri Mr./Mrs. John C. Krumrey, Jr. Miss Betty Kuhlman Miss Betty L. Laffoon Mr./Mrs. Robert E. L. Lamkin Mr./Mrs. Bill Laskowsky Calvin C. Lee, D.D.S., Ltd. Mr./Mrs. Theodore L. Listerman Mr. William |. Malek Mr./Mrs. James P. Manser Mr./Mrs. W. L. Marietta Miss Amy Marshall Ms. Sally Martin Mr./Mrs. Scott Martin Mr./Mrs. James N. McClure Mr./Mrs. Robert S. McDorman Mr./Mrs. G. W. McKenna Mr./Mrs. Wayne Mehrhoff Mr. Lawrence L. Meier Mrs. Mildred L. Meier Mr. William J. Meisburger, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Don Messerly Ms. Janice A. Noack Ms. Anne F. Odell Dr./Mrs. John W. Olney Mrs. Jessie O'Reilly Mr./Mrs. Jeffrey H. Pass Mr. Dennis Pazur Mr./Mrs. E. J. Peltier Dr. Shirley Pierce Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Pollak Mr./Mrs. E. Raemdonck Ms. Mary Reber Dr./Mrs. Edward H. Reinhard Ms. Mary Kaye Rogers Mr./Mrs. S. E. Rosenbloom Mr. Roy W. Rudderforth Mr./Mrs. Irvin Rudman Mr./Mrs. Carl Rundquist Mr./Mrs. Morgan L. Rushing Mr./Mrs. Norman A. Selner Mrs. Mildred Sexton Mr./Mrs. John B. Sharp Shaw Neighborhood Improvement Association Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Sheppard Mr./Mrs. Donald C. Shreffler Mr./Mrs. Raymond V. Sirtak Sisters of St. Mary Mr./Mrs. John M. Sneed, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Andrew Socha Mr./Mrs. Michael Spielberg Mr. Robert Walter Sprandel Ms. Evelyn K. Stacy Mr./Mrs. C. Richard Stanley Mr./Mrs. John R. Stone Mr./Mrs. Stephen E. Switzer Mr./Mrs. Gene Tischler Mr./Mrs. Bort Trick Ms. Deborah A. Tusack Ms. Barbara L. Uhlemann Mr./Mrs. William O. Weindell Ms. Carol A. Wesley Mr. Michael Wider Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Wiese Miss Janet L. Wilden Mr./Mrs. Clyde Wilson Miss Grace V. Winder Mr. Joseph E. Wuller Mr./Mrs. David K. Zucker JULY TRIBUTES In Honor of the Dedication of Adlyne Freund Education Center Connie Wittcoff In Honor of the Golden Anniversary of Mr./Mrs. Fred Klingbeil Miss Caroline Blatzer Miss Erna Blatzer In Honor of Mr. Llewellyn Kohn Frances and Allan M. Siegel In Memory of Mr. Morgan Coit Day Mrs. Lloyd Crow Stark In Memory of Mrs. Emma T. Dee J. L. Sloss, Jr. and Family In Memory of Carolyn Eismann Pitzman’s Company of Surveyors and Engineers In Memory of Mrs. Rose S. Geninazza Miss Caroline Blatzer Miss Erna Blatzer Miss Letitia Dodd In Memory of Mabel Macey Hardin Mr. & Mrs. Thomas W. Shields In Memory of Mrs. Isadore Hirsch Ann & Peter Husch In Memory of Agnes Kuntz Viola Villardi In Memory of Francis Lehmann Dorothy Becker In Memory of Mrs. Kenneth Lindenmann Mr. & Mrs. John R. Grenn Il In Memory of Love Ones Mrs. P. B. Jablonsky In Memory of Mrs. Pat Nuderscher Frontenac Garden Club In Memory of William Charles Rainford Mr. & Mrs. Fred Steinkuhle In Memory of Mr. Hugh Semple St. Louis Chapter Ikebana International In Memory of Ida Sofer Clayton Garden Club No. 5 In Memory of Mrs. William J. Sim Mrs. Warren C. Bruce Mr. & Mrs. Lewis B. Stuart In Memory of Mr. Karl H. Zapf Mr. & Mrs. Wm. L. Redmond MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Mum's The Word: The Show Must Go On Chrysanthemum shows are a tradition at the Gar- den, dating back to November 13, 1905, when the first show opened. It is fortunate for those who enjoy the shows so much today that the then horticultural staff and Director Dr. Trelease were not faint-hearted — for the travails they suffered and the obstacles they faced during the early years of the exhibitions would surely have caused lesser gardeners to abandon even the thought of such projects forever. In 1905, there was no greenhouse or conservatory large enough to house the display of nearly 2,000 chrysanthemum plants. That year, they were exhib- ited for two balmy weeks under a canvas tent-like cover, and viewed by more than 25,000 people (one- fourth the total number of visitors for 1905). Encouraged by the success of the show, and the many compliments received on the beauty and vari- ety of the plants, Trelease and his staff expanded the exhibition the following year. In 1906, gardening stu- dents and staff cultivated nearly 4,000 chrysan- themum plants, representative of 316 varieties, and prepared the display under a tent nearly 100 feet in diameter located on the “parterre” (the area of the Garden where the main lily pools are now located). When the show opened on November 11, 1906, visitors were treated to a fairyland of mums, artisti- cally arranged beneath the big tent and grouped in displays according to blossom type. They were also “treated”, during the twelve days the show was Opened, to three days of hard rain, a two-day sleet storm, two and one-half inches of snow, and nearly six days of smoke pollution so bad that the show could not be viewed because it could not be seen without the aid of electrical lights. When Dr. Trelease contacted the electric company (Continued on Page 2) a : Chrysanthemums under canvas, the Garden circa 1909. Volume LXVI Number 10 October 1978 MUM’S THE WORD (Continued from Page 1) about installing lights in the tent so that visitors could see the show through the haze of smoke, he was informed that there was no way the light company could handle his request on such short notice. Un- daunted, he found a volunteer — “a Capt. Robert McCulloch of the United Railways Company” — who installed the lights in less than two hours. The gardening staff and students tended the mums around the clock, replacing those few that suc- cumbed to the fluctuations in temperature and the smoke that penetrated the scant protection of the un- heated canvas tent. They braved the cold and wet during the entire time that the exhibition was open and guided visitors through the show, answering their questions about specific varieties of mums and dis- play and growing techniques. The public responded to the display with support and high enthusiasm. A local street car company hung special placards advertising the show on many of its cars, the St. Louis press gave the show thorough, almost daily coverage, and visitors arrived by the thousands despite the snow, rain, sleet and smoke. Not easily dismayed by adversity, Dr. Trelease de- cided that since it had been necessary to install the lights for use during the day, why not use them at night as well? So, for the last eight days of the exhibi- tion he had the show remain open until ten o'clock at night. Despite the fact that most of the open evenings were stormy, 2,657 persons came out to view the chrysanthemums during the evening hours. Throughout the two weeks of the show, despite the “phenomenally bad weather” (as Trelease put it in his Annual Report for 1906), despite the lack of heat in the show tent and the smoke pollution, the show was so well received that its future as an annual event was assured. A distinguished Japanese visitor gave the show the highest compliment he could imagine when he told a local paper that the Chrysanthemum Show at the Garden was of a quality “to equal if not surpass the most luxuriant royal exhibits of Japan.” —Jean Marie Deken Garden Library Systematics Symposium Oct. 20-21 The 25th annual Systematics Symposium will be held October 20-21, 1978, at the Garden. The topic this year will be palynology and systematics. Among the featured speakers will be Professor J. Heslop-Harrison, University College of Wales; Mr. Jan Muller, Rijksherbarium, Leiden; Dr. Joan W. Nowicke, Smithsonian Institution; Dr. Donald E. Stone, Duke University; Dr. Robin W. Thorp, University of Califor- nia, Davis; Dr. Spencer Tomb, Kansas State Univer- sity; and Dr. James A. Walker, University of Mas- sachusetts. 2 Fall Chrysanthemum Show Set for Oct. 28 Don't miss the annual Fall Show this year, begin- ning October 28 in the Floral Display House and run- ning through November 26. The Members’ preview party will take place Friday, October 27, from 5 to 7:30 p.m. This special preview will be sponsored by Carondelet Savings and Loan. A new feature this year will be a display of three dozen hardy mums. The gardener will have the op- portunity to closely scrutinize the varieties of chrysan- themums available for the home grounds. Pot plants will number 1,200 with 75 cascading types, two dozen hanging baskets (Japanese cultivars) in a range of flower types from daisies to decoratives. The color range will be dazzling. A special feature will be bon- saied chrysanthemums. Plans for the show insure an extravaganza — don't miss it! The Garden Gate Shop will be open during the preview party. The Fall Show has been made possible through the assistance of the Missouri Arts Council. Dr. Viktor Muehlenbach, a Garden research associate since 1955, will celebrate his 80th birthday on Wednesday, Oct. 11. Dr. Muehlenbach's current studies include plants of his native Latvia, plants introduced into St. Louis railway yards and botanical contributions made by medical doctors The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign Garden Club Show 4 ' a P oO f ta b The East Central District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, Inc., will present its show, “Fun with Color,” from 2 to 5 p.m., October 7, and 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., October 8, in the Floral Display House. The competition is limited to members of the East 4 4 Ol 7 Pd A 4 > ® Ww >” = ft oe ~ > sa a = ~ a “om v y Y oY © Mrs. Robert Wanek, center, chairman of the upcoming East Central * District, Federated Garden Clubs of % Missouri show, ; prepares display with ‘the help of Mrs. John & L. O'Brien, left, staging & chairman, and Mrs. Charles Hardie, show \ co-chairman. Central District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, Inc. Awards will be presented in a number of categories in both design and horticulture. The show will be a color and design extravangaza and is a must to see. Y ga An Joint Environmental Project Completed The Environmental Education Training Project has completed its two-year mandate to develop a model for training teachers in environmental education. Sponsored jointly by the Garden and the St. Louis city schools, the project has been supported since July, 1976, by grants from the U. S. Office of Environmental Education to the St. Louis Public Schools. The project was designed to assist elementary teachers in developing environmental education materials and to prepare them to train other teachers. Over the past two years, project managers Peggy Rustige of the city schools and Calla Smorodin of the Garden have provided training to a core group of 19 teachers. The training focused on the concepts, goals and techniques of environmental education; cur- riculum development; teacher training; and the utiliza- tion of community resources. In the second year of the project, the trained teachers offered workshops for other city teachers through the Inservice Center and Harris Teachers College. Project co-director Edward Ortleb, science super- visor for the St. Louis Public Schools, has worked closely with Smorodin and Rustige to enable some of the project's training activities to be ongoing. For example, the trained teachers will continue to offer workshops through the Inservice Center, Harris Teachers College, and other inservice activities spon- sored by the city schools. Continuing to serve city teachers will be the Consortium, representing over 25 civic, cultural, environmental, and educational institu- tions. Organized at the beginning of the project, the Consortium is made up of a dedicated group of indi- viduals who participated throughout the project as planners, workshop leaders, curriculum consultants and data collectors. The project managers have written a guide which sets out the training model and documents their ex- periences. Entitled Classrooms and Community, A Process Guide for Teacher Training in Environmental Education, it will be available soon for distribution to school systems, state education departments, and institutions of higher education throughout the country. 2 An effort to push the Garden’s Capital Campaign over its six million dollar goal by the end of the year is under way. According to Tom K. Smith, Jr., completing the campaign early will not be easy. “However, Smith said, “we need to get the new visitor center and other improvements started as soon as possible.” Arthur Dye, newly appointed Garden assistant di- rector and director of development, feels that meeting the advanced schedule will be difficult but not impos- sible. “We have confidence that we'll achieve our goal,” said Mr. Dye, “though we know that it will require all of our best efforts toward that end.” While the campaign progresses, work proceeds in other areas. The construction of the new mainte- nance complex is underway. A visit to the construc- Big Push Ahead For Capital Campaign Paul Prejza, left, of the Santa Monica design firm of Graphics Plus, works with Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, on interior design ra plans for the Garden's new ) Education/ Visitor Orientation , Center, a principal component of the current development drive tion site will offer daily evidence of progress. The plans for the Education/Visitor Orientation Center are being further defined. A grant of $6,034 from the National Endowment for the Humanities for interpretive displays in the building now moves the interior design program into its definitive phases. Matching monies in the amount of $11,800 will be required. This grant is an exciting component of the new building. In addition, the firm of Deborah Sussman and Co., Graphics Plus, of Santa Monica, California, has been retained to work with the designers and staff on the interior of the new building. The firm is one that has worked with Charles Eames & Associates over a long period of time. Mr. Paul Prejza of Graphics Plus, visited the Garden in August and began preliminary discussions on the project. Botanists Abroad An International Legume Conference was held during July and August in England, under the sponsorship of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the Missouri Botanical Garden. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, opened the conference. The first week was devoted to papers dealing with systematics, evolution and relationships of the Leguminosae with the objective of producing an improved classification of the family. The second 4 week was devoted to agronomy of related fields. One aim of this part of the conference was the compilation of a “Manual of Legume Crops” which is being col- lated by Dr. J. A. Duke of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Dr. Peter Goldblatt presented a paper reviewing the chromosome cytology of the Leguminosae. “The conference was extremely successful,” re- ports Dr. Goldblatt, “and the meeting resulted in great progress in the collective understanding of Legu- minosae, both from scientific and economic points of view.” The Garden Herbarium: A Growing Collection The color yellow seems ubiquitous in the fall land- scape — witness the profusion of black-eyed Susans, goldenrod and the common sunflower. Try to imagine, however, the roadsides and fields without any of these plants we take for granted. People who have travelled to other countries may recognize that in those places the species, genera or even families of plants that grow at home are often absent. For example, there are no sunflowers in Ja- pan. A botanist in Japan finds only three species of Solidago while his colleague in the U.S. has more than 130 species to study. Of course, someone study- ing other species may find the opposite case. There are fewer species of orchids in the U.S. than there are in Panama. One way for a research botanist to solve this prob- lem is to borrow plant specimens from herbaria in other countries. This is a common practice at the Garden. Last year more than 22,000 specimens were sent from the herbarium to botanists in many countries, including France, Germany, Venezuela and Japan. Similarly, staff and students at the Gar- den borrowed more than 50,000 specimens. In many ways, the herbarium is like a library; it serves as both an educational and a research facility. As such, the more complete its collection, the better able it is to serve those who use it. The Garden’s herbarium contains nearly three mill- ion dried plant specimens and adds about 75,000 specimens to this number each year. This is ac- complished through the collecting efforts of the staff at the Garden and collectors in other countries. The Garden also purchases dried specimens. Plant ex- changes between herbaria are another way an institu- tion builds up its collection. Sometimes the exchange may be one-for-one. For a special plant, however, the exchange ratio may be three to one. With the aid of the federally-funded CETA program, the Garden embarked on a plant collecting project this summer. The aim of the program was to collect specimens of local plants which could be exchanged for plants from herbaria in Japan, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Russia and Canada. Another goal was to educate and train young people for potential Careers in botany. The three CETA employees — David Bell, Chrystal Ann Harris and Clyde Niblett — aided in the collection of more than 1,000 specimens (excluding duplicates) from Missouri and Illinois. From June 19 through Au- gust 18, they accompanied members of the Garden’s staff (curators Drs. Davidse, D’Arcy and Gentry; curator-in-training Dr. Poston; technicians J. Saun- ders and J. Cablish) or Garden students (D. Lorence and J. Solomon) into the field. The habitats from which they collected included marshes, glades, forests, riverbanks and roadsides. Cinchona pubescens, an herbarium specimen. Each day, in spite of heat, insects and an occa- sional rain, these three young people learned first-hand something of what it means to be a plant collector. They would choose a site with a number of different flowering plants, and proceed to dig or cut off a plant or a flowering branch. The specimen was then placed in a sheet of folded newspaper to be taken back to the Garden and dried. Careful notes of the collection number and observations about the plant were taken and will be placed on a label that is mounted alongside the dried plant specimen. It is through such efforts that the Garden's collec- tion is increased and that it obtains additional material to use in exchanges and loans. ‘The Tulip, Peacock Among Flowers’ A special lecture, “The Tulip, Peacock Among Flowers”, will be given by Mrs. A. G. Trevenen James on Monday, November 6, at 10:30 a.m. and again at 8 p.m. Mrs. James was born and spent the first 16 years of her life in Java, Dutch East Indies, where her father was a provincial governor. She thus experienced the influence of oriental art from an early age. Mrs. James completed her education in Holland, the homeland of Rembrandt and Vermeer, and later, with her Royal Air Force husband, lived in British In- dia, Germany, America and France. Wherever she has been, Mrs. James has taken every opportunity to study the history and art of the country in which she was living. Mrs. James now lives in a Georgian street in London where she is a qualified guide for the United Kingdom and a member of the British Guild of Guide Lecturers. She has lectured at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, in Oxford and Glasgow, in other parts of the United Kingdom and in America. 5 Summerscenes: Ice Cream Social And “A Little Night Music” brought thousands of visitors to the Garden for an evening's entertainment. At left, visitors gather on candle-lined pathway for candlelight tour of Tower Grove House; below, arriving guests are greeted by strolling musicians; right, colorful hot air balloon punctuates the evening like a seven-story exclamation point Little Night Music’ An old-fashioned Ice Cream Social, sponsored by Velvet Freeze, gave Garden visitors frosty relief from the summer heat and raised more than $500 for the Garden. At left, guests, balloons and the Climatron are mirrored in the lily pool; above, visitors enjoy barbershop quartet performance. QUEENSLAND VISITOR — R. J. Henderson, left, a staff member of the Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane, tours the Garden herbarium with Dr. Gerrit Davidse of the Garden's botany department. Mr. Henderson was enroute to Kew, England, to assume a position as Australian Botanical Liaison Officer. Library Receives Grant The Garden's library has been awarded a major federal grant, from the U.S. Office of Education, to assist its recataloging program. The $200,000 award from the “Strengthening Research Library Re- sources’ program will be utilized by the libraries of the Garden and the New York Botanical Garden to share their library cataloging records with one another and to accelerate the recataloging efforts of both libraries. Each library will enter its cataloging data into the na- tional OCLC library data base, where these records will be immediately available for use by some 1,200 major research libraries around the nation. The grant award is one of only 20 made to research libraries during the first year of the “Strengthening Research Library Resources” program. The libraries of the Garden and the New York Bo- tanical Garden are the two largest botanical garden libraries in the nation. Between them, their collections include more than 750,000 items relating to botany, horticulture and allied disciplines. Successful comple- tions of the recataloging project for these two libraries will provide the nation’s research community with de- tailed, accurate, and complete catalog records for the extensive book and journal collections of the two in- stitutions. James Reed, the Garden's librarian, and Charles R. Long, administrative librarian at the New York Botanical Garden, are the project directors. 8 Camelot Support: One For The Book October has become established in St. Louis tradi- tion as the month for CAMELOT activities and for recognizing the tremendous impact that CAMELOT and its many volunteers have upon the artistic and cultural affairs of our community. The Garden joins many thousands of citizens in the St. Louis area in saluting CAMELOT and in extending its appreciation for the support of Garden programs. In particular, the Garden is grateful for the financial support CAMELOT continues to provide in the effort to preserve treasures from the Garden library’s rare book collections. In recent weeks, the bindery staff has completed a beautiful restoration on one of the prize sets in the Linnaean collection, Henry Andrews’ The Botanists’ Repository. This 10 volume set, pub- lished between 1797 and 1815, includes descriptions of more than 600 rare plants, with finely detailed hand-colored engravings of each. Work is also being done on three volumes of J. A. Pollich’s Historia Plantarum (Mannheim, 1776-1777) and on a 19 volume set of John Loudon’s Gardener's Magazine, one of the most important 19th century gardening periodicals. None of this work would have been made possible without CAMELOT’s enthusiastic support. q = Pe CACTUS CUTTING — St. Louis Mayor James Conway cuts the ribbon to mark the official opening of the recent Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show in the Floral Display House. Nicaragua: Land Of Botanical Mystery The National Science Foundation has awarded the Garden a $41,000 grant to be used during the next two years to study the plants of Nicaragua, it was announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. Nicaragua is the Central American republic with the largest land area, lowest population density and largest remaining area of natural vegetation. But botanically, it is the least well-known. Botanical collectors have seldom visited Nicaragua, and there are no written accounts of its plants. This is especially unfortunate because Nicaragua forms a bridge between the mountain floras of southern Mexico and Guatemala, which have North American affinities, and Costa Rica and western Panama, whose floras have greater South American representation. Nicaragua, like most of the rest of Latin America, is developing rapidly, and large areas of forest are being converted to agricultural land. If the flora of this country is not studied soon, a great deal of practical information will be lost. With this in mind, the Garden in 1977 began an intensive study of Nicaraguan plants. This study will lead to a written flora in six to seven years. The proj- ect is being carried out in conjunction with the Banco Central de Nicaragua and Universidad Cen- troamericana and also involves the establishment of a national herbarium in Managua. Since the initiation of the project, W. D. Stevens, the Garden’s B. A. Krukoff Curator of Central Ameri- can Botany, has lived in Nicaragua and carried out an extensive exploration effort. Although he has visited all major parts of the country, driving more than 20,000 miles and covering countless more miles by more primitive forms of transportation, and has col- lected more than 30,000 plant specimens, the surface has barely been scratched. Recognizing the urgency of studying the Nicara- guan flora, the National Science Foundation recently awarded the Garden a two-year grant of $41,000 to help support the effort. This support significantly brightens the prospects for learning the secrets of the Central American forests while those forests still exist. It is also significant that the Nicaraguan gov- ernment, using as justification information such as that gained by the Garden's work, is planning several national parks, including a 12,000 square kilometer reserve in the largest tract of pristine forest remaining in Central America. The Garden's efforts, then, not only gather valuable information that will not be available in the com- ing centuries but may also be critical in preserving PHOTO BENEFIT — Mr. and Mrs. Webe H. Naunheim discuss an exhibit of color photography taken on two African safaris by C. C. Johnson Spink, right, a member of the Garden Board of Trustees. Mr. Naunheim is president of the Charterbank of Ladue, where the exhibit was held. Sale of the photos was staged to benefit the Garden. Gardening in St. Louis October is a busy month for the gardener. Use these cool days to clean up the garden, remove weeds. Also add to the compost pile by placing old compost over each new layer to introduce bacteria which will hasten decay. Water each layer well. Late fall vegetables will add bounty to the dinner table. When vegetables have finished producing, re- move the plants. Work organic matter into the soil. This work will reap added benefits next spring. Pile mulch on top of prepared soil. Early crops can be planted in February or March or as soon as the weather permits. Insect and Disease Control Continue to check regularly for insects. Aphids can often be a problem during cooler months. Check roses for mildew and black spot and control with a good fungicide such as Karathane at regular inter- vals. Lawn Care Lawns that were seeded early last month can be fertilized during the second or third week of this month using 12-12-12 fertilizer. Keep mowing at regu- lar intervals setting the mower height to one and one-half to two inches. If perennial weeds have been a problem in the lawn, apply a herbicide as long as areas were seeded early in September. Use 2-4-D with Silvex, applying as directed early in the morning when there is no wind to cause drifting to other areas. Seed thin areas after lightly working up the soil. Add a balanced fertilizer and rake the two in together; keep moist to insure good germination. Remove leaves as they fall, adding them to the compost pile. Perennial Care Perennial beds will benefit from an addition of or- ganic matter. Most perennial plants can be cut back to within two to three inches of the ground and mulched if necessary. Plant bulbs for spring while the ground is workable. For best results plant bulbs in masses. Work up the soil and plant bulbs to a depth of several inches. Bulbs to be forced should be planted early this month. The largest sized bulbs will produce the best results. Choose daffodils, hyacinths, tulips and crocus. Plant in pots and place in cold frames or pits outside for the cooling period. Bulbs need eight to 10 weeks of temperatures about 40° to force. In the Greenhouse Thoroughly clean home greenhouses, check cool- ing and heating units, glass and remove shade. Clean plants and spray or fumigate while good ventilation can be maintained. Seeds of hyacinth-flowered candytuft, Ca/endula, fibrous root begonias, larkspur, winter-flowering 10 snapdragons, stocks, Cineraria, Calceolaria and Sal- piglossis can be sown now to brighten the winter days. Poinsettias for Christmas flowering should be cov- ered with black cloth or plastic from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. Other gift plants might include dish gardens and ter- rariums. There is still time to take cuttings. Root in a mixture of peat and perlite. Planting Trees and Shrubs Trees and shrubs can be planted as soon as they go dormant. Fall is an ideal time for such plantings because some root development will take place be- fore the harsh weather descends. Evergreens can be planted as well. Be certain to prepare the soil well, mulch, and water when needed. Take time to enjoy these lovely autumn days while preparing the garden for winter. The Answerman Extension Because the Answerman Program provides such a wealth of information to Garden members and the gardening population of the St. Louis area, this serv- ice has now formally been made a part of the Gar- den’s education department. The service began when George Pring retired as superintendent of the Garden after 60 years of serv- ice and volunteered his mornings to answering ques- tions. The number of queries began to increase and department heads were pressed into service. How- ever, time demands made this arrangement infeasi- ble. When Mr. Pring moved away in 1960, Florence Guth, presently secretary to Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, suggested contacting the Men’s Garden clubs. From this timely suggestion grew the present-day service. Several of the original volunteers are still active. In 1970, Paul Kohl, who for 50 years designed, staged and grew plants for the Garden’s seasonal shows, retired and joined the Answermen. He alone answers horticultural questions November through April while the Answermen are in training sessions. Special seminars are held for the Answermen dur- ing the winter months to introduce new developments in horticulture. These sessions have taken place over the past four years and are taught by Garden person- nel and extension specialists from the University of Missouri. Presently, both men and women volunteer as Answermen and receive as many as 100 calls a day. More than 11,000 requests were recorded in the past year. The Answerman Service provides an educa- tional extension that serves the horticultural commun- ity well. Poinsettias: Gift of Life The Plant Shop is offering a new holiday service this fall. Multiple stemmed poinsettias in six-inch pots may be ordered as holiday gifts by mail. Send order with a check for $9.00 for each plant to the Plant Shop before November 30. Please include an enclosure card or give instructions for such a card. The plants will be delivered between December 1 and 15. De- liveries will be made in St. Louis and St. Louis County only. Make your shopping easier this year by ordering your gift by mail. Gift certificates are also available for all gift occasions. Visit the shop soon. Library Notes Several new titles recently added to the Garden's library promise to be of interest to our membership: 1. Veninga, Louise and Benjamin R. Zaricor. Goldenseal/etc. Santa Cruz, Ruka Publications, 1976. 193 p. Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis L.) has a long tradition of use as an “all-purpose” medic- inal plant throughout much of the Northeastern and Central U.S. and extending into Missouri’s Ozarks. The authors review the plant’s history, medicinal uses, and cultivation fairly extensively, and devote the remainder of the book to briefer treatments of the medicinal characteristics and commercial value of some 25 other fairly common wild plants, including many that are native to Missouri. 2. Marsden-Smedley, Hester. The Chelsea Flower Show. London, Constable, 1976. 153 p. A well-written and entertaining history of the Chelsea Flower Show and its antecedents. 3. Gerber, Frederick H. /ndigo and the Antiquity of Dyeing. Ormond Beach, Fla., published by the au- thor, 1977. x, 59 p. This book is not a practical hand- book on dyeing fabrics with plant material, but an an- thropological and historical essay on the relationship between the ancient art of textile dyeing and the evolution of human culture. Those readers interested in more practical advice on the how-to-do-it aspects of dyeing are referred to a series of excellent articles by Gerber in the magazine Handweaver and Craftsman, 1968-1972. 4. Genders, Roy. Scented Flora of the World. N.Y., St. Martin's Press, 560 p. For the serious gar- dener, Genders has compiled an encyclopedic treat- ment on scented flowers and leaves, aromatic barks, and scented fruits, wood and roots. After a brief sur- vey of the history of scented plants, their classifica- tion, and their use in perfumes, the author devotes almost 400 pages to an alphabetical listing of both common and unusual fragrant plants. All of these books are available in the library for members to borrow for a two-week period. Garden Gate Christmas Show Circle November 1 and 2 for the annual Garden Gate Shop Christmas Open House. The hours will be from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. on both days. All the new items will be on display. They were purchased on the buyers most recent trip to New York. The theme of this year’s Open House is Candy- land. Many new gift items will be featured. Please join us for your early Christmas shopping. Calendar of Events Continuing thru Oct. 15 “Living Stones of South Africa,” Desert House, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. October 7-8 East Central District Flower Show, Floral Display House, Oct. 7, 2-5 p.m. Oct. 8, 9 a.m.-4 p.m. October 28- Fall Chrysanthemum Show, Floral Display House Oct. 28-31, 9 a.m.-5 p.m.; Nov. 1-26, 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Garden Gate Shop Annual Christmas Open House 10 a.m.-8 p.m. November 26 November 1-2 Fall Lecture Series Members and their guests are invited to attend the following lectures featuring botanical research, which are a continuation of the Garden’s Fall Series. Each lecture is presented at 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. in the John S. Lehmann Building Auditorium. October 4 Life in a Tropical Forest Dr. Thomas Croat October 11 Habitat and Diet of the Mountain Gorilla Dr. Marshall Crosby October 18 Poppies and Politics Dr. Peter Goldblatt October 25 Missouri Wildflowers Erna Eisendrath November 1 Mushrooms and Other Fungi Dr. James Maniotis November 8 Protecting Missouri's Endangered Species John Wylie Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Lours af CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Dale W. Hilpbert Rem | nd e rs Mr./Mrs. Patrick Hobson Mr./Mrs. R. O. Bowlin, III Dr./Mrs. Carl S. Ingher : : . . Mrs. Walter F. Brissenden Mr./Mrs. Norman Janson The Acclimatization Workshop will be offered Oc- Bi Thode dl Cooper Mr/Mrs. Paul B. Junius tober 27-29 by the education department. Steve Van Mr./Mrs. Myron Jaffe Mr./Mrs. Jordan Kaiser Mr./Mrs. John D. Leng Mr./Mrs. J. R. Kirby Matre, Acclimatization author and educator and direc- tor of the Acclimatization Experiences Institute in Downers Grove, Ill., will instruct the course. For addi- tional information, contact the education department at 772-7600. Members who have not received the brochure on the Hawaii tour, have been asked to call 772-7600, Ext. 25. The tour, scheduled for February 7-20, in- cludes five islands with an exciting itinerary. Dr./Mrs. Thomas F. Maher Mr./Mrs. Robert E. McGlynn Ms. Katya Kopp Miss Magdalen M. Lampe Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Lang Miss Jane Larson Mr. Theron Lorimor Mr. Jack MacDonough Miss Jane Mahon Dr. Ann Mazur Mrs. Sandra McFadin Sister Marian McNicholas Ms. Christine R. Miller Mr./Mrs. Ed M. Milner NEW MEMBERSHIPS CONTRIBUTING Drs. Dan and Susan Luedke Dr./Mrs. John Sopuch Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Mosby REGULAR Mrs. Stephen Mueller Miss Louise Ackley Mr./Mrs. Bruce Nangle MEMBERSHIP — AUGUST 1978 Ms. P. A. Austin Mr./Mrs. John H. Obermann HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mr./Mrs. William G. Barr Mr./Mrs. Minter R. Parker Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Dr. Lois |. Bartels Dr./Mrs. Edward Peskin Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr. Jack L. Turner Mr./Mrs. Stephen V. Becker Mr./Mrs. Anthony Podleski Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mrs. William H. Best, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Ernest R. Polk Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Bowers Dr./Mrs. Pierce W. Powers Mrs. Watson K. Blair Deborah Bozsa Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Raleigh Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr. James H. Howe, III DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell General/Mrs. Martin F. Rockmore Mr./Mrs. W. L. Rowbotham Dr./Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch, Jr. Dr. Jo Ellyn M. Ryall Mr./Mrs. James Coe Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Cox Mr./Mrs. Mickey R. Cunningham Mr. Lee Darrah Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. R. D. Davidson Mr. R. L. Schirrmeister Mrs. John V. Janes Mr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. Glenn Delf Mr./Mrs. F. H. Schwarz Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, Ill Mr./Mrs. William Diamond Mrs. Jane M. Seymour Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Ms. Betsey Douglass Mr./Mrs. H. Stanley Shalit Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS — Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Glennon M. Dummerth Mrs. Mildred |. Dunn Mrs. Alice H. Enders Mr./Mrs. Robert Enders Mr./Mrs. Dale J. Ewalt Mr./Mrs. Holger Frederickson Shop in Scandinavia Furniture, Inc. Ms. llissa M. Staadeker Mr./Mrs. A. F. Steck, Jr. Mr./Mrs. L. J. Tolmach Dr./Mrs. William G. Totty Mr./Mrs. John L. Trotter Mrs. Dolores J. Frintrop Mrs. Alyce K. Walther Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly AUGUST 1978 Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Gass Mr./Mrs. Theodore A. Weber Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Floyd W. Graves Mr./Mrs. Gordon M. Wiegand Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Miss Martha R. Greer Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Hertich Mr./Mrs. James L. Hester Mrs. Gilda B. Williams Mr./Mrs. Art Young Mr./Mrs. Thomas Zacher Mr./Mrs. Carl B. Merollis Dr./Mrs. William C. Hummel AUGUST TRIBUTES In Honor of Mrs. Milton Greenfield, Jr.’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Leon Bodenheimer In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Hendricks’ 50th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Bruce R. Yoder In Honor of Mr. Sidney Mather Skinner's 90th Birthday Margaret and Lemoine Skinner, Jr. In Honor of the Tribute Fund Dorothy Hennicke In Memory of Mr. Fred Becker Grow & Show Garden Club In Memory of Leta C. Bulla Mr./Mrs. W. J. Freschi In Memory of Miss Edna Campbell Mrs. Roy McCormack In Memory of Mrs. Jane Fausck William M. Livingston In Memory of Mrs. Merle Faut Mrs. Theodore C. Eggers Mr./Mrs. Jack E. Krueger Mrs. Norman Schaumburg In Memory of Mrs. Mary Hemker Mr./Mrs. E. J. Costigan In Memory of Husband Vera M. Johanning In Memory of Ada Smith Lee Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas In Memory of Elvira Lindenmann Mr./Mrs. Richard C. Palm In Memory of Mrs. K. A. (Nonie) Morie Mr./Mrs. Phil S. Chew In Memory of Mrs. Mae Prange Mrs. Douglas Newman In Memory of Mrs. Henry Schiller The Alexander Bakewells In Memory of Rita Silversmith Morton and Norma Singer In Memory of Mrs. Charles C. Spink, Sr. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Richard P. Wichman Bill and Ginny Hayman SECOND CLASS POSTAGE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Orchid in Autumn — Climatron Tour, Page 3 Kresge Grant Is Garden i The Kresge Foundation of Troy, Michigan, has awarded a challenge grant to the Garden to assist in the construction of the new Education/Visitor Orienta- tion Center. The Kresge gift, $250,000, is conditional upon successful completion of the Garden’s $6 mil- lion fund raising campaign. At least an additional half million dollars needs to be raised, according to Arthur M. Dye, Jr., assistant director, who heads the Gar- den’s fund raising activities. Sebastian S. Kresge created the Kresge Found- ation in 1924. Since its founding it has appropriated funds in areas of higher education, health services, the arts, social welfare, and the care of the young and old. Generally, the grants have been for construction Or major renovation of facilities and almost always they have required the raising of additional money on a challenge basis. Most of the $6 million from the Campaign will be used to construct the Education/Visitor Orientation Center, which will provide more space for educational activities and better facilities for visitors’ orientation. Additional parking for visitors will also be provided, and new maintenance and greenhouse facilities will be constructed. Work has already begun on the maintenance facilities. In a related development, Mrs. Nora Stern, pres- ident of the Executive Board of Members, has desig- nated the Education Laboratory Workroom in the new facility as a special Members’ project. Members are being asked to contribute toward a $135,000 goal to cover the cost of the workroom, where educational programs which involve working with plants and soil will take place. “It is an exciting project for us,” Mrs. Stern said, “and we are strongly committed to educating young people of the St. Louis area — to introduce them to the thrill of growing seeds and plants themselves. Hands-on practical experience is the best way to do this.” ys, y Sg,@ Cd Wall graphic, sample above, developed by designer Ed Bydalek, will depict botanical arrangement formed from the signatures of donors to the special Members’ project. It will hang in the workroom of the new Education/Visitor Orientation center. Mrs. Stern also said that designer Ed Bydalek has been selected to prepare a wall design to honor members who contribute to the project. Each member who contributes $25 or more will be asked to send his or her signature to Bydalek, who will create a graphic from the signatures. The graphic, probably a wall hanging, will be used to decorate the workroom. The overall effect will be a plant and each member will be able to find his or her individual name in the design. The graphic will also be reproduced in a limited edi- tion poster form for members who contribute $250 or more. Robert R. Hermann has served as chairman of the campaign. Assisting as heads of the major divi- sions are Clarence C. Barksdale, A. Timon Primm III, William R. Orthwein, Jr., and Warren M. Shapleigh. Volume LXVI Number 11 November 1978 missouri arts COUNCI $40,000 Allocation From Missouri Arts Council The Missouri Arts Council has allocated $40,000 to the Garden for the period of July 1, 1978, to June 30, 1979, it was announced by Peter H. Raven, Garden director. The funding is being applied primarily to the design of the exhibits and exhibit spaces for the new Education/Visitor Orientation Center. This area will constitute approximately 11,000 square feet. The exhibits and displays will help the Garden’s more than 400,000 annual visitors tounderstand, interpret and benefit from the numerous Garden features. Many educational themes will be developed to translate the extensive research and collecting activities of the staff into meaningful displays and programs. The firm of Deborah Sussman and Co., Graphics Plus of Santa Monica, California, has been retained to work on these exhibit areas. This is a firm that has worked closely with Charles Eames and Associates on many projects. Paul Prejza of that firm has visited the Garden and is already involved in innovative design concepts. Missouri Arts Council funding makes possible many meaningful interpretive displays throughout the year. Girl Scout Tree Exhibit A display of Christmas trees representative of countries throughout the world will be on view in the Floral Display House from Sunday, December 3, through Friday, December 29. The trees will be deco- rated by the Girl Scouts of Greater St. Louis as a special project. Answerman Seminars The 1978-1979 Answerman Training Seminar will begin on Monday, November 6. Meetings are held from 1 to 3 p.m. in the John S. Lehmann Building auditorium. Persons interested in becoming a part of the Answerman Service should call the Education Department, 772-7600, for seminar dates and service commitment. Gate Shop Offers Mail Service The Garden Gate Shop will offer holiday shop- pers a new service this year. Gifts will be delivered in town and mailed out of town. A fee of $2.50 per gift will cover gift wrapping and delivery. Make this holiday season more pleasant — stop in the shop soon and make your selections. 2 Garden Among 256 IMS Grantees The Institute of Museum Services, a recently created federal agency within the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, has announced its first year’s awards of $3.7 million to 256 museums and cultural institutions in the United States. The Garden received $25,000 and as such is one of five such recipients in the state of Missouri. Appli- cants included art museums, children’s museums, botanical gardens, historical museums, museums of natural history, nature centers, planetaria, science museums, zoological parks, aquaria and general specialized museums. Funds for the awards were made possible through the Museum Services Act, Title Il of the Arts, Humanities and Cultural Affairs Act of 1976. The establishment of the Institute is a demonstra- tion of the important shift of the federal government's commitment to museums. In addition, the fact that botanical gardens are included in the museum cate- gory is even more significant. The Museum Services Act specifically included these kinds of institutions in its definition because many such institutions had no other source of federal funding prior to the establish- ment of the Institute. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, is a member of the National Museum Services Board. He is the only botanical garden representative named to the board by President Carter last December. Tower Grove House To Be ‘Spruced’ Up Dec. 12 ‘Twill be the season to be jolly and on December 12, Tower Grove House will be decorated with fresh, live greens, a tree with all the trimmings, and all the lovely sights and smells of an old-fashioned Christ- mas. There will be jars of potpourri, Christmas scent bags and Christmas cards for sale. Spicy gingerbread men cookies will be baked in the house Christmas week and will also be for sale. Come to Tower Grove House and join in the spirit of Christmas. The tearoom will be open as usual during De- cember until Christmas and will be closed Christmas week. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign The Climatron In Autumn: Fall is weather time, when cool shadows remind us of Keats’ lines: “Season of mists and mellow fruit- fulness, Close bosom friend of the maturing sun.” More and more of our thoughts at this season are devoted to indoor comforts. Those entering the main gate of the Garden, while admiring the outdoor floral displays, cast a more meaningful look (than would be the case in spring and summer) in the direc- tion of the Climatron and the Mediterranean House. The intriguing and glamorous plants under glass are for the most part year-round fixtures, protected from the rude intrusions of our cool climate. As we walk toward the Climatron, passing the lily pools, the photogenic red and purple waterlilies at- tract the eye like magnets. These are hybrids, most of them having been bred by the late George Pring. Luxuriating in pools throughout the world, these products of the Garden are reminders of the science of plant breeding, an integral part of the program of most botanical gardens. Stepping into the Climatron is one of the great thrills offered in the city of St. Louis. Here it is possible to see more variety of tropical and subtropical exotic plants in one hour than one could possibly see in a couple of days of strenuous field work in the tropics. At the main door of the Climatron there is usually an eye-catching array of orchids! The majority are Cattleya, native in tropical America, with sleek swol- len pseudobulbs and usually fuschia-colored blos- soms. They and the other orchids accompanying them are an open invitation to the camera enthusiast. They are like stars trapped in the jungle trees, not living “with their feet on the ground,” so to speak, but utilizing other plants for support. As epiphytes, they rest here on the wiry roots of osmunda fern tied to a tree. To the right, at the Climatron’s entrance, is a tree called “Carambola,” commemorating the Arabic philosopher and physician, Averroes. From its branches hang yellow waxy fruits, prominently ridged, reminding us of a deflated football. Equally interesting are the little clusters of magenta flowers. If one re- flects on the structure of the Oxalis blossom so com- mon in woodlands and often in our lawns, one realizes that the blossoms of Carambola are almost the exact counterparts. The two belong to the same plant family and illustrate what wide range in size is found in many plant families. Diagonally across from the Carambola is the exotic strangler fig, from the jungles of India, whose trunk is somewhat hidden by the long ropelike stems of Philodendron. A closer look at the fig reveals the slender roots which seem to hang like weak, dis- torted, lifeless arms from the lofty branches. These Strangely positioned roots are responsible for the term “strangler,” for they, with imperceptible slow- ness, wrap themselves around neighboring trees and shrubs. This strangler effect has prompted several A Tropical Excursion Dh 5 | "i V Vavaval VAVAVAE. VAVAVA! z\ ) wr fet ™ j ., a> PYs Fancy foliage and flowers, part of the tropical splendor of the Climatron. imaginative writers to describe the work of the roots in lurid fashion, as if reaching out to ensnare unsuspect- ing humans passing through the jungle. Immediately behind the orchid display is a shrub almost head high. This is Psychotria punctata, whose leaves are replete with little bumps or punctations. At least in juvenile leaves these swellings contain mi- croscopic bacteria living along in mutual harmony with the protoplasm of the leaf. Strange bedfellows perhaps, but no more strange than the fact that bac- teria luxuriate naturally in our digestive tract, helping us in our metabolic struggle. Towering over the Psychotria shrub is another species of fig, with tips drawn like a needle. In the rainforest the almost ceaseless waters run off the blade, treading this narrow causeway, descriptively referred to as a “drip tip.” In this area is an array of cycads, slow growing plants with rigid wax-covered leaves that spread like (Continued on Page 4) 3 those of palms. From the heart of the whorled leaf bases arise, in season, heads or cones unlike any structure found in the palms. Like the ginkgo, they are living fossils, with nine genera and less than 200 species in the tropics and subtropics of the world. Here, at this very spot, the Garden has seven of the nine genera alive. This is one of the few places in the United States where specialists may study this exotic group effectively. One specimen of Zamia looks like a palm tree and is hundreds of years old. By counting the scars on the trunk, left by fallen leaves, and count- ing the persistent leaves and dividing this latter number by two, then multiplying this number by the total of the leaf scars, one can ascertain the approxi- mate age of the tree. Walking ahead to the portico one observes the beautiful bird’s nest fern, the epiphytic staghorn fern, and as one swings around to the right to descend the stairs, a banana tree which in season bears live stalks of the fruit. At the foot of the steps is the Hong Kong orchid tree, which in reality is not an orchid, as or- chids never attain tree size. The misnomer arises from the fancied resemblance of the flowers to an orchid. The tree is a member of the legume family as its pods would suggest. The leaves are fascinating, being made up of two leaflets partially yolked. Carl Linnaeus, the 18th century physician and systematist par excellence, on seeing the leaves, seized the op- portunity to commemorate two herbalists of the previ- ous century, the Bauhin brothers. Thus the genus name is Bauhinia. Linnaeus’ romantic strain has im- mortalized the filial devotion of the two brothers. Botanists frequently name plants after people. Standing in front of the Hong Kong orchid tree we see the shrub Hamelia with its orange flowers, named after H. Du Hamel, a Frenchman; the well-known Gardenia, commemorating Alexander Garden, an 18th century Charleston, S.C., physician; Plumieria (the frangipani tree), named after the French botanist C. Plumier; Bougainvillea, the vine with spectacular flowers, reminding us of the French navigator, de Bougainville, wno explored much of the South Pacific. As far as flowering on a year-round basis, of all the shrubs in the Climatron there is none more reli- able than the hibiscus. Looking head on into the heart of its blossom, we see its relationship with the hol- lyhock and abutilon. The flowers of all three have a central fingerlike column; these are the sex organs, the male a fringe of small pollen-producing sacs; the female, only partially in evidence, as five dwarf- fingered stigmas hovering over the pollen sacs in an- ticipation of mating. There is so much to see: the Climatron’s lake, the waterfall, the bromeliads, the underwater tunnel, the simulated rice paddy, the bamboo grove, the eucalyptus tree, the macadamia nut tree competing with the sleek Norfolk pine! A favorite walk of many visiting the Climatron is along “economic row” which may be seen by veering sharp right at the main entrance of the Climatron. 4 First in sight is the pineapple plant, which at times has the familiar fruit burgeoning from a rosette of fleshy leaves. Nearby are several papaya trees whose large fruits in season hang like yellow footballs from the fleshy trunks. The fruits are a delight to the palate; their juices are used to tenderize steaks. Papaya’s potential in medicine and in industry is being explored with intensity. A few steps farther and voila, the shrub of lemon, its deep green glossy aromatic leaves and white flowers, the counterparts of orange blossoms, weighed down by turgid fruits! Beside the lemon shrub is one of the princes of the cash crops, the coffee plant which brings to mind the great coffee plantations of tropical America and Africa. In a sense, the Climatron and the Mediterranean House bespeak the language of botany without con- cern for international boundaries or for time itself. The plant lore enmeshed in their vegetation defies the ability of any pen. The beauty at every turn speaks for itself! — John D. Dwyer A GARDEN WELCOME — A new face can be seen around the Garden these days. Nancy Speed, a teacher in the St. Louis Public School System, has been assigned to work with the Garden staff to teach our regular program offerings and develop new ones. This offers the opportunity to expand the interpretive programs and to reach a wide audience in the school system. It is a pleasure to extend a Garden welcome to Nancy Speed. Dr. George T. Moore, A Portrait In Memoriam A portrait of Dr. George T. Moore, former Garden director, now graces the lobby of the administration building. The plaque beneath the portrait, a gift from his family, reads as follows: In recognition Dr. George T. Moore His foresight and untiring effort brought The Missouri Botanical Garden to its proper place among the Botanical Gardens of the world Director: 1912 to 1953 Director Emeritus: 1953 to 1956 Dr. Moore came to St. Louis in 1909 at the age of 38, already an accomplished educator and scientist, and joined the Garden staff under then Director Wil- liam Trelease. His scientific discipline, algology, led him to an effective method of control of algae and certain pathogenic bacteria in water supplies. As a public spirited citizen of St. Louis, Dr. Moore was known for his civic involvement, as a skillful adminis- trator and witty master of ceremonies. The field of research in which Dr. Moore was active made it natural for his involvement at the Marine Biological Research Station in Wood’s Hole, Massachusetts. He taught and trained many of the country’s top biologists and was instrumental in the growth of that institution. During the 20s and 30s he maintained a summer home there. In St. Louis, Dr. Moore taught both graduate and undergraduate courses in the Henry Shaw School of Botany. His career as a teacher was a distinguished one. In 1912, he was made Garden director. As such, Dr. Moore had to face rising operating costs — par- ticularly those of labor. Redesign efforts were under- taken throughout the Garden. Inefficient greenhouses were replaced, elaborate flowerbeds were eliminated or simplified. The staff was expanded by the addition of world renowned scientists, and fellowships for aowwe aes Dr. George T. Moore graduate students. The herbarium was expanded. The Arboretum in Gray Summit was purchased and greenhouses built. The last half of his directorship was concerned mainly with the attempt to increase the endowment necessary to keep the Garden on the course charted by Henry Shaw. He continued to reduce labor con- suming flower beds. To those who knew him well, Dr. Moore was generous and warm hearted. Though his outward demeanor was one of reserve, there was always a twinkle in his eye. The distinguished portrait is a reminder of the devotion and service of a great man and director. George T. Moore added dimension to the legacy of Henry Shaw for all who were to follow. acs os | leg HARVEST SHOW WINNER — Bonsai, blue ribbon winner during the recent Harvest Show at the Garden, hosted by the Greater St. Louis District, Men’s Garden Clubs of America. Gardening in St. Louis Days grow shorter, nights cooler and with thoughts of last year’s severe winter still in mind, the gardener must prepare for another. Maintenance chores should be continued throughout the month. Leaves, when raked off the lawn, can be added to the growing compost pile. Con- tinue to Keep the lawn mowed as long as the grass is still growing. If plants have not been mulched previously, now is the time to complete this task. Apply to the depth of four to six inches out to the drip line on established plants, but further on new plantings. Plants that are suspectible to winter burn should be protected. Insert sturdy stakes into the ground near branch tips. Wrap burlap around stakes, leaving a six-inch space be- tween the bottom of the burlap and the ground, to just over the top and fasten securely. The burlap barrier will protect tender plants such as boxwoods from the winter sun and wind, but still allow air to circulate. Check all plants that are staked to be certain that stakes and ties are secure. On plants that have been staked for awhile, check to be sure that ties are not too tight. In staking newly planted specimens, select soft material or hose to cover the wire. This will pre- vent damage to the bark. Fall Bulbs Fall bulbs should be in the ground by now. If the planting is not complete, do so as quickly as possible. Bulbs will not flower properly next spring if time is not sufficient for some root growth. House Plants Continue to check house plants to make certain insects are under control. Spraying can still be ac- complished outside on warm days. Days are becom- ing shorter so less water will be needed. Only flower- ing plants should be fertilized to keep them in good condition. Growth slows down for foliage plants and should have a normal rest period. Winterizing Roses The best winter protection for roses is to hill each bush with six to eight inches of good top soil, mixed with equal parts of organic matter or compost. Later add two to three inches of wood chips. Do not prune bushes until spring. If there are some long canes that may break in the wind, cut those back. Those roses that are not pruned until spring will have a better survival rate. Fertilizing Superphosphate and organic matter can be worked into the vegetable garden if not accomplished last month. Leave the soil rough dug as the action of freezing, thawing, wind, rain, snow will break the soil to a better tilth. Shrubs and trees will also benefit from a light application of superphosphate. Trees and 6 shrubs can be fertilized with a balanced fertilizer into late November if root fed. Trees are most effectively fed by digging a series of holes out to the drip line — 18 inches apart, 10-12 inches deep. Add balanced fertilizer to each hole leaving open for air and mois- ture. As the fertilizer breaks down the roots will con- tinue to absorb it until the soil freezes. Home Greenhouse Care Continue greenhouse maintenance chores in preparation for colder weather. Check for insects and disease while there is time to spray and fumigate and air out the house on warm days. Watch temperature fluctuations and ventilation, since shading has been removed. Night temperatures of 50-55 degrees will save on heating bills and keep plants in good condi- tion. It may be advisable to cover the north wall of the greenhouse with plastic, leaving a two-inch air space as an insulating barrier. Watch watering and don't fertilize unless plants are actually growing and then only lightly. Check supplies of potting media while they can still be ob- tained. Store media, insecticides and fungicides where they will not freeze. Working days in the garden can be ended before a blazing fire in the fireplace — one of the dividends of late autumn and winter. Members On The Move The following tours are scheduled for the beginning of 1979. Members should contact the Members’ Of- fice for further information. Mark your calendars now for the trip of your choice. February 7-20. A Tauck Tour includ- ing Oahu and the neighbor islands. $1,660 per person based on double occupancy. March 24-31. Explore the deserts of Arizona and New Mexico during this peak flowering season. Per- sonally escorted by Ken Peck, manager of instructional services at the Garden. April 24-29. An exciting trip to Vir- ginia during Garden Week featuring Williamsburg, Charlottesville and many historic houses and gardens along the way. Hawaii: Desert Tour: Virginia: Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louls Linnaean House Restoration Funded Through Federal Grant State Sen. John Scott and Rep. Russell Egan have announced the grant of $50,000 of federal matching monies for the restoration of the Linnaean House. These funds, administered through the Mis- souri Department of Natural Resources, Office of His- toric Preservation, will greatly assist in the restoration project, expected to cost $150,000. The goal of the restoration is to return the Lin- naean House to its circa 1900 condition. Built by Henry Shaw in 1882, this greenhouse is the oldest continuously operating greenhouse west of the Mis- sissippi and one of the oldest in the nation. Early in this century, severe storms caused heavy damage to the Linnaean House. Through the firm of Kramer and Harms, St. Louis Continuing Members Lecture Series Wednesday, Mushrooms and Other Fungi, November 1 James Maniotis, Associate Professor of Biology, Washington University Monday, The Tulip, Peacock of Flowers, November 6 Nina James, Member, British Guild of Guide Lecturers Wednesday, Protecting Missouri’s Endangered November 8 Species, John Wylie, Missouri Department of Conservation All lectures will be presented in the auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building at 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. architects, the building will be meticulously restored. The roof will again be slate and concealed windows reopened. An ornamental iron crest and the copper sheathing which adorned the roof and parapets will be replaced. The house was named by Shaw in honor of the great Swedish naturalist, Carl Linnaeus, the father of modern botany. In early days the house was used as an orangery, a place to house plants which could not tolerate frost for the winter. For the past several de- cades, this greenhouse has been graced by the Gar- den’s camellia collection, providing bright splashes of color during dreary February. “With its prominent location near the Garden's proposed new entrance, the Linnaean House will be- come a focal point for the hundreds of thousands of visitors to the Garden each year, and it is exciting to see the restoration project underway,” said Senator Scott. i ots. hae A NIGHT FOR SWEDEN — Tom K. Smith, Jr., right, president * of the Garden Board of Trustees, ss and Philip Graham, president of the Swedish Council of St. Louis, 4se. OiScuss program items during » the recent dinner banquet held in honor of Carl Linnaeus, Sy Resse) Swedish scientist and the father = of modern botany. A special guest at the banquet was Tore : Hogstedt, Swedish consul general from Chicago. se a PP att thy Me iv teere Calendar thru Nov. 26 Chrysanthemum Show Floral Display House 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Nov. 18-26 “Food Plants of Tropical Lands” Climatron, Desert House, Mediterranean House 10 a.m.-4:30 p.m. MEMBERSHIP — SEPTEMBER 1978 Mrs. Watson K. Blair HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe, Ill Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mrs. Ben H. Wells DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. David D. Farrell Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. A. H. Homeyer Mr./Mrs. Gerald Pensel Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Talman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATE Mrs. Joseph C. Champ SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. J. Telscher CONTRIBUTING Ms. Vera Hicks Mr. John F. Krey, Ill Mrs. Lawrence K. Roos Mr./Mrs. A. J. Sestric Mr./Mrs. B. R. Yoder Mr./Mrs. Peter G. Zentay NEW MEMBERSHIPS SUSTAINING Citizens Bank of Pacific CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. T. Walter Hardy, Jr. Mr. Michael G. Rubin REGULAR Ms. Barbara Arrington Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Baebler Dr. R. S. Basa Mr. Robert M. Bivens Mr./Mrs. George C. Bohn Mr. Gerald D. Bolas Mr./Mrs. John R. Boyce Mr. Vaughn Bradshaw Mr./Mrs. Edward Brewster Dr./Mrs. Kent E. Bruder Ms. Marge Camenzind Mr./Mrs. William B. Cason Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Chmelir Ms. Janice Christiansen Mr./Mrs. Robert Clark Mr./Mrs. John Columbo Mrs. Ruth Craft Dr. C. D’'Oench Mr./Mrs. Byron A. Davis Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Dawson Mr./Mrs. William H. Doub, Jr. Mrs. Diana M. Drisko Mr. James Dunham Mrs. Cornell H. Eckert Mr./Mrs. Donald W. Engbert Mr. Christopher R. Erkmann Miss Marie G. Ewers Mr./Mrs. Thomas L. Farquhar Mr./Mrs. Durand Fernandez Mr. Richard A. Ficker Ms. Louis E. Foshage Mr./Mrs. John Fox Mr./Mrs. F. W. Garland, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Marvin D. Ginsberg Ms. M. Greulick Mr./Mrs. Ralph M. Hansen Mr. Russell L. Hauser, Jr. Mr. Ralph Hebblethwaite Mr. David S. Hegmann, Sr. Mr. Walter F. Hehman Mr./Mrs. F. J. Herman Mr./Mrs. Ken Hirlinger Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Hoffmann Mr./Mrs. Mark Jacobs Mr. Mike Janson Mr./Mrs. John E. Jennings Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Joehl Mr./Mrs. Edwin W. Joern Ms. Kay Jones Ms. Joanne Klubs Mr. Jack Kroeck Mr./Mrs. Albert D. Krueger Mr./Mrs. Jack Kwiatek Ms. Ruth LaPiere Mr./Mrs. Michael E. Lee Dr./Mrs. Jerome F. Levy Ms. Irene Lewis Mr./Mrs. Arthur Lieser Mr./Mrs. Carl H. Little Miss Sybil Marionneaux Mr./Mrs. W. J. Marshall Ms. Joy Ellen Martin Mr./Mrs. LaVaunt Maupin Ms. Carolyn S. McColpin Mr. Ulett McKay Dr. Frank McLaughlin Shauna Miles Ms. Beulah Miller Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Mitchell Ms. Joan S. Morley Mr./Mrs. R. M. Morriss, Jr. Mrs. Adair D. Mulligan Mr. Raymond Neudecker Mr./Mrs. C. Pond Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Power Mr./Mrs. Bob G. Rawlings Mr./Mrs. William F. Reck, III Mr./Mrs. Joseph S. Reedy Mr./Mrs. Richard Reeves Mr. Luis Reyes Mr./Mrs. John Schuler Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Schwark Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Schwendemann Miss Mary F. Shaughnessy Ms. Emily S. Sheldon Mr. Paul J. Siemer Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Small Dr./Mrs. H. W. Smith Miss Nancy Speed Mr./Mrs. Art J. Speranza Mr./Mrs. John J. Spiesz Mrs. Martha Spytkowski Miss Martha Sturm Mrs. E. L. Thompson Mr./Mrs. D. R. Tracey Mr. W. Cecil Trotwein Mr./Mrs. Bernard M. Vance Mr./Mrs. Vernon Vix SEPTEMBER TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Robert N. Arthur’s Golden Anniversary Mrs. Ralph E. Piper In Honor of Billy's Engagement Mr./Mrs. Sam Rosenbloom In Honor of Mrs. J. W. Kerley’s Birthday Peter and Ann Husch In Honor of Mark’s Engagement Dorothy & Sam Rosenbloom In Honor of Mrs. Nancy Rennard’s Birthday Dorothy & Sam Rosenbloom In Honor of Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Jamerson C. McCormack In Honor of Mrs. Hazel Smith Clayton Garden Club #4 In Honor of Dr. and Mrs. Samuel D. Soule Mrs. Aaron Fischer In Memory of Mr. Lon B. Claypool Vi Taylor In Memory of Lucy Mildred Faut Mrs. Helen M. Ravarino In Memory of Mrs. George Hasegawa Karl D. Pettit, II! In Memoy of George Hutchinson Marta Brockmeyer In Memory of Ethel M. McCarthy Many of her friends In Memory of Rene J. Mechin Mrs. E. R. Hurd, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Annabelle Meinberg Elaine and John Henkle In Memory of Mr. Louis J. Orabka Dr. Armand D. Fries In Memory of Mr. Harold Rothman Fred and June Fangmann In Memory of Mrs. Helen Seibert A. Sherwood and Hester Lee In Memory of Mrs. M. Edward Sparberg Mr./Mrs. Perry A. Hanson In Memory of Mrs. J. G. Taylor Spink C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mrs. Jack H. Thompson Mr./Mrs. Gerald Pensel In Memory of Mr./Mrs. Yukinobu Yamamato Mr./Mrs. Richard Henmi Ikebana International, St. Louis Chapter Japanese American Baptist Church Group Mrs. Mara Kadowaki Mrs. Helen Miyasaka Mrs. Sadano Taketa MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 6311 0 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Christmas, an elfin experience; for other gift ideas, see Pages 6-7. 7" [he Garden's Future — Reaching Out To People Sometime in 1981, the doors of the “Crystal ?alace” will open to the citizenry of St. Louis. In plan and concept, the new facility will be an exciting blend of new and modern design techniques and the trea- ~ 3ured traditions of Shaw’s time. This building and the related construction at the 1orth end of the Garden are the culmination of the 1973 master plan. The plan was commissioned by Jr. Peter Raven shortly after he became director in 1971. The primary goal of the Garden at that time and today is to make the Garden the world’s finest hrough outstanding educational and research pro- jrams within the framework of a beautiful garden setting. The initial goals focused upon the setting — noving people from the main axis of the Garden, nain gate-Climatron, by creating additional areas of nterest, circulating people, enticing visitors to 2xplore. With this in mind, the English Woodland Garden and Japanese Garden were designed and Jeveloped, and fountains and sculpture were strategically placed to add interest. So the first dhases of the plan are near completion. As research programs continue behind the mir- ‘ored facade of the John S. Lehmann building and hroughout the tropical areas of the world, attention 1as now been turned to the expansion of existing 2ducational programs. Environmental Planning and Design of ittsburgh, the firm commissioned to develop the naster plan, has been working closely with Gyo Jbata, “Crystal Palace” designer, to coordinate the Yew facility with the surrounding area. As the build- ng moves into the final design stages, the design schemes for the surrounding gardens, courtyards, dlazas and parking proceed at an equal pace. All of this development will take place in an area of the Garden previously not open to the public. The central vault of the education facility will be aligned with the new entrance from Shaw Avenue. The adja- cent parking will provide secure, easy access by day or night. Night lighting will provide safe entry and exit for evening classes and lectures. The parking area will be screened from the street and from the rest of the Garden. Entering the doors of the vaulted “Crystal Palace” will place the visitor at the northern extrem- ity of the Garden. There, after assimilating the in- terpretive material on display, the visitor will emerge to the panorama of the entire Garden. The central courtyard will focus on a fountain at the base of a series of steps. From the courtyard the eye will travel to the restored Linnaean House. The surrounding garden will present a range of colors and textures — a complete experience of a garden within a garden. Aspects of the entire Garden will be presented here to give the visitor the complete gar- den experience while whetting the appetite to search and explore all the other parts. The Rose Garden will remain. One will be drawn from one area of interest to another — en- closed areas, hedges, cloister effects. A covered walkway from the new building to the Climatron will be constructed so that during inclement weather vis- itors may move from one building to the other. This entrance garden will contain garden courts, will stress the fact that the Garden is a garden for all seasons, will incorporate fountains and sculpture. The important point to stress is that the Garden will be enriching the existing traditions. The building will be new, some of the entrance garden will be restruc- tured, redesigned, but the trees will remain and perhaps be appreciated even more. The plans and the development will strengthen the ties between Garden traditions and history, be- (Continued on Page 4, Column Two) Volume LXVI Number 12 December 1978 Drive To Restore Historic Greenhouse The Swedish Council of St. Louis has an- nounced plans to help the Garden raise funds for restoration of the Linnaean House. Reynold W. Malmer has accepted the appointment as fund drive chairman from Dr. Philip Graham, president of the Swedish Council. The appointment was made at a dinner last October honoring Carl Linnaeus. The Linnaean House is the oldest greenhouse west of the Mississippi River, and the only one of Henry Shaw's original greenhouses remaining at the Garden. Shaw named the building in honor of Lin- naeus (1707-1778), the father of modern botany. Having been severely damaged by numerous storms over the last 60 years and never completely restored, the building is in serious need of repair. In accepting the appointment as chairman of the drive, Malmer commented, “This is the finest monument to any Swede in the Midwest and it is fitting that we begin the drive to restore the Linnaean House 200 years after the death of Linnaeus.” The total cost of the project is expected to be $150,000. A $50,000 matching grant from the Mis- souri Department of Natural Resources was awarded last summer. Present plans call for comple- tion of the restoration in 1979. The Linnaean House is located at the north end of the Garden and will be the first building encountered by visitors after leaving the planned Education/Visitor Orientation Center. This fact increases the importance of the restoration since the house will become even more of a focal point than it is presently. , Trees Of Many Lands mm MUM PREVIEW — Garden faa Members enjoy refreshments and a sneak preview during the October Preview Party for the annual Chrysanthemum Show, we RF Garden visitors are in for a distinctive December treat. The Garden Museum will be decorated with an exhibit of Christmas trees. The theme is international, with displays representing the trees of Ireland, Russia, England, Austria, Denmark, Mexico, France, Holland, Africa, Scandinavia and America. The dec- orating will be done by the Girl Scouts of Greater St. Louis. The display will be open daily from December 3 through December 29, during regular Garden hours. Tower Grove House Aft Christmas Henry Shaw’s country home, Tower Grove House, will be closed for holiday decoration on Mon- day, December 11. It will open December 12 with hours from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. The tearoom will be open for lunch, by reservation only, Tuesdays and Thursdays through December 21. Volunteer tour guides are always in demand for Tower Grove House. The hours are 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. or 1p.m. to 4 p.m. daily. This is a splendid opportun- ity for antique lovers to spend time in lovely Victorian Surroundings. For more information, please call Jane Coultas, 773-9000. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign “4 0p owe October: Milestone Month For The Garden October was a month of exceptional historic sig- nificance at the Garden — marking both the 25th year of the Systematics Symposium and the first time in 45 years that the Henry Shaw Medal for Conservation was awarded. The Henry Shaw Medal, the Garden’s highest honor, was presented during a special October dinner to Roberto Incer Barquero, president, Banco Central de Nicaragua. Dr. Raven’s Remarks In making the historic presentation, Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, remarked: “Central America is a tropical region about four- fifths the size of Texas, but with about twice as many people—some 20 million. Nicaragua, a beautiful and mountainous country where the pines of the northern hemisphere reach their southern limit, has about the same number of people as metropolitan St. Louis, some 2.4 million, in an area nearly the size of Mis- souri. Itis the largest and least densely settled coun- try in the Central American region, but the majority of the population is settled along the Pacific side of the Republic. Half of the people live in cities, a higher proportion than in any of the neighboring countries... “Because of its relatively low population density, Nicaragua Is in a better situation than any other coun- try of Central America to understand its natural re- sources before they are gone and to manage them wisely for the benefit of future generations. One ele- ment in such management is the establishment of national parks and reserves for the enjoyment and education of all people, and to serve as ecological baselines for the prudent managment of other areas. “In this field, Nicaragua has made a critical step with the establishment of the spectacular Volcan Masaya National Park, on the flanks of an active vol- cano near Managua. Attractive to residents and tourists alike, this park is an important addition to the growing network in the American tropics, and a fitting complement to those established recently in neighboring republics. It is for us a symbol of the wise management of natural resources that we confidently expect from the government of Nicaragua as addi- tional areas, and especially the rich and extensive forests of the east coast, are developed. “We are here tonight to honor the man most re- sponsible for the creation of Nicaragua’s first national park, Dr. Roberto Incer Barquero. As president of the Central Bank, he took the steps that made possible this significant gift to future generations. An economist and graduate of Yale and the London School of Economics, he has served for ten years in his present position and has achieved a position of prominence in international banking circles. “The Henry Shaw Medal, named for the distin- guished founder and benefactor of the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden, has been given infrequently. In estab- lishing the Garden, Henry Shaw made possible the development of one of the few institutions in the world capable of dealing effectively with the poorly known plants of the American tropics. At a time when the future prosperity and even survival of many nations depends on such knowledge, it is singularly fitting that we honor a man who has so clearly demonstrated his understanding of the problem and his willingness to do something about it. Doctor Incer, it is with the greatest pleasure that | award you the Henry Shaw Medal of the Missouri Botanical Garden, for your out- standing efforts in the field of conservation.” Dr. Incer, In Acceptance Dr. Incer, in accepting the award, said: “I want to express my gratitude for the great honor that the Mis- souri Botanical Garden has bestowed on me by awarding the Henry Shaw Medal. | regard this medal as a great distinction and | receive it with great pride. | accept it and take it as a recognition of the fruitful work of the Central Bank of Nicaragua in the fields of research of the country’s natural resources. “lam so pleased to receive the Henry Shaw Medal from, the Missouri Botanical Garden. Henry Shaw belonged to the group of distinguished Ameri- cans | admire the most. He is one who combined a successful business career with a deep hearted devo- tion for public service. His original vision has de- veloped in the last 120 years into one of the finest scientific institutions in the United States — the Mis- souri Botanical Garden as it is today. By receiving the Henry Shaw Medal | feel that in some way | have met the challenge that the Nicaraguan people and gov- ernment placed on me 10 years ago, when | was appointed president of the Central Bank of Nicaragua. It was my eager purpose at that time to combine in the Central Bank of Nicaragua the func- tions of a government agency with the vision of a far-sighted private foundation. Thus in the last ten (Continued on Page 4) 3 Milestone Month (Continued from Page 3) years the bank has been able to discharge its re- sponsibilities as the monetary authority of Nicaragua, while supporting and sponsoring in this way a private foundation, training, research, and conservation of natural heritage. “In the last ten years, our training programs have sent some two hundred young Nicaraguans to pursue graduate studies. They have come back from the best American and European universities with degrees in fields as economics, sociology, management sci- ences, biology and natural resources. The Bank’s work in scientific research has been broad and exten- sive. It has embraced such fields as archaeology, geology, ecology, botany, zoology and forestry. Ac- cordingly, just to mention a few cases, the Bank has sponsored such undertakings as archaeological ex- peditions on the Caribbean shores to investigate how the Nicaraguans lived 7,000 years ago, as well as studies on the seismic risks and geological faults in Managua, that will determine how the Nicaraguans must live in the years ahead. Cooperative Programs “In cooperation with American universities, U.S. foundations, professors and students, the Bank has promoted, among many other things, the investiga- tion of two of the tropical endangered species — the fresh water shark in the Lake of Nicaragua, and the green turtle in the Caribbean Coast. We feel proud to say that Bernard Nietschmann’s work on the turtle has been conducive for both the Nicaraguan and American governments in establishing decisive regu- lations on the capture and trade of this threatened marine species, thus not going too far apart from the pace set by Archie Carr on the conservation of these turtles in their nesting and breeding ground in Baun Colorado and in Costa Rica. “The Bank feels proud to cooperate with the Mis- souri Botanical Garden and the Universidad Cen- troamericana of Managua to organize the Nicaraguan herbarium that will represent the first comprehensive effort made in this field in the country .. . “| hope that with our conservation efforts our children may find the volcano surroundings not too much different from what John L. Stephens, who dis- covered the ancient Mayan ruins, described 140 years ago in his classic book, Travels in Central America. | am confident that this park will bear wit- ness to the future generations that |, as president of the Central Bank of Nicaragua, cared for ecology as well as economy. “Our open minds and hearts will be waiting for you in Nicaragua. Let me express again to the Mis- souri Botanical Garden, and especially to Dr. Raven, my gratitude for the great distinction | have received tonight. | will hold this award as one of the most cherished distinctions | have ever received in my life. “Thank you.” 4 The 25th Systematics Symposium The 1978 Systematics Symposium began the same evening, October 20, with scientists in atten- dance from around the world. J. Heslop-Harrison, University College of Wales, who gave the principal address, is past director of Kew. In attendance as well was Dr. Huang from Taiwan who had been at the Garden 30 years ago. He came to this country to attend the Symposium and see some of his old friends. On a walk around the Garden he said, “Many things have changed in 30 years, but | feel as if I’ve come home.” The Symposium has been funded by the Na- tional Science Foundation for all of its 25-year history. It is so well attended that registration must be limited to the capacity of the auditorium. The Symposium this year dealt with the charac- teristics of pollen of living plants. The study of pollen has become an important subject for botanical study in recent years and as such has yielded valuable in- sights into the problems of plant systematics (the classification of plants). The Symposium dealt with problems of interpreting pollen characteristics and the implications of these findings for other fields in botany. Dr. Heslop-Harrison’s evening lecture entitled “Pollen Walls as Adaptive Systems” dealt with why pollen is structured in the way it is. Four basic questions were addressed by the speakers: (1) What are the adaptive signs of various pollens and why such diversity in physical charac- teristics? (2) How have those changes come about? (3) How do insects change in relation to the pollen they gather? (4) What are the mechanics behind the germination of pollen on plants and other surfaces? The above questions have relevance in hybrids — the interbreeding of crop plants for the development of greater food potential. The Garden’s Future... (Continued from Page 1) tween the new and the old. The stress is on people and moving people in a meaningful way from the building into the garden with ease, with pleasure. Outdoor dining experiences will be provided. All routes, all areas will be totally accessible to the handicapped. The entire development of the north end of the Garden is made possible through the $6 million campaign which the Garden is striving to bring to a close by the end of this year. The goal is certainly within sight; however, much work still remains to be accomplished. There are many areas in which specific gifts can still be given. The Garden is for people and it is the people of the St. Louis area who are making these exciting changes possible. The Garden experience is for everyone, is enriching, is responding to the needs of the St. Louis area. The “Crystal Palace” will provide the facility for the ex- pansion of the educational programs for St. Louis area children, teachers and continuing adult educa- tion. Garden Tour : From Lily Pool To Mediterranean House The writer (born in New Jersey) got his first glimpse of the Garden in a college text which featured a photo of Victoria regia, the giant water-lily displayed in the central pool in season Victoria commemorates Queen Victoria; regia means pertaining to the queen. The plant luxuriates in the backwater of the Amazon river. Each saucer-shaped leaf has a several-inch- high rim, notched in places, to let rainwater spill out of the leaf. Preschool children can stand in the mid- dle of the floating leaf. If we turn over the pad we must be careful of the formidable spines. The promi- nent ribs, radially disposed, remind us of the spokes which give support to a bicycle wheel. Forming a row on each side of the pools are the tall tapering Bald Cypress, close relatives of the pines. Unlike the pine, the Bald Cypress loses its needles annually. It does remarkably well out of water at the Garden, considering that its native home is swampy places like the bayous of Louisiana. As we head for the Mediterranean House, we may see a few fruits of the gingko tree on the walk; these have escaped the gardener’s rake. Their rancid oils are an unwelcome addition to the soles of our shoes. As we ascend the path and glance upwards to our right, the thick pods of the Kentucky Coffee tree stand upright on the crown of the tree like little brown flags. Entering the glass doors of the Mediterranean House is stepping into a microcosm, revealing more than 200 living species from five areas of the world that possess a common type of climate: the Mediter- ranean region itself, parts of Chile, South Africa, California, and Australia. The Mediterranean and Middle East areas are best represented, particularly by plants mentioned in the Old and New Testaments. To the right of the stone steps is the sleek-leaved olive tree, stalwart symbol of the Mediterranean and its azure skies. Immediately beneath it is a pomegranate shrub with orange bell- shaped flowers and rotund fruits, the favorite orna- mental design for the hems of the ancient Israelite priests. A few feet ahead is the low sprawling caper plant, the traditional spice. The Old Testament refer- ence: “When the caper berry ceaseth’” (Ecclesiastes 12:5) is to the decrease in appetite marking the ad- vent of old age. The leaves of the bay laurel tree nearby have a long tradition as a spice and were fashioned into crowns for the victors in the original Olympic games. At the far end of the House is a small tree, the cork oak. In its native home, Spain and Portugal, it is favored by azure skies. The trunk develops thick shields of cork. Strips are removed as if taking the skin from a gigantic apple, without injuring the internal living tissues. Machines resembling those in bottling works punch out corks of various sizes more rapidly than a housewife can cut out cookies from dough. Near the cork oak is an overhead trellis furnish- ing support for the coiled tendrils of the rambling grape vine; when in flower a delicate perfume signals the bouquet of the future wine; its fruits conjure up visions of the vineyards of the world, whether they be in St. James, Missouri, or in the hills of Mantua near Rome, immortalized by the poet Vergil. A few feet from the cork oak is a legume, the carob tree. Today in the Mediterranean area, the fruits of Ceratonia siliqua furnish food as they did more than two millenia ago. There comes to mind the parable of the Prodigal Son who had abandoned the comforts of his father’s home. With honor lost and money dissipated, he faced starvation. It was the fruit of the carob tree, then regarded as food for hogs, which was his hope of survival. Near the door opposite the trellis plant is the Acanthus plant, which in season bears an erect spike of purple flowers. Its leaves, elongate and sinuately lobed on the margin, are its chief claim to fame. Throughout history, its leaves have made more of a permanent impression on the eye of man than the foliage of the maple or oak. The Acanthus leaf has been a favorite since antiquity, whether carved on the top of ancient Greek or Roman capitals or gracing the later churches of the Christian era; they decorated timeless sarcophagi and the illuminated manuscripts of the Dark Ages, a hallmark of all ages! A second species of Acanthus, with formidable spines on the foliage, is growing just above the wall adjacent to the Climatron’s waterfall. Somewhat hidden in the opposite corner, next to the same door, is a harmless looking herb called At- ropa belladonna, a member of the nightshade, to- mato or potato family. The Solanaceae, while obvi- ously an outstanding supplier of food for man, con- tains an array of “bad actors,” e.g., the jimpson weed or the Jerusalem cherry so often implicated in poison- ings. The shiny black berries are power houses of poisons, including the alkaloids atropine and scopalamine. The magic of medicine is that these poisons, deadly in the raw, can be turned to advan- tage by the physician and pharmacist who prescribe them in efficacious dosage. A specialist examining your eyes will probably place a drop of atropine therein. The drug stimulates the dilation of the pupil, the eye’s window, and the internal world of the eye becomes visible. Ladies in the past (and perhaps in the present) have been known to take advantage of the effects of very weak dosage of atropine. A harm- less drop and their eyes become like limpid pools; thus the specific name of the plant, belladonna, the Spanish for “beautiful lady.” — John Dwyer 5 Special Gift Ideas The Garden Gate Shop is decorated for the holidays with many new gift items. The photographs on these pages represent only a few of the many new items available. Don’t forget that gifts can now be mailed directly from the Garden Gate Shop. Also available are Missouri Wildflowers by Erna Eisendrath and the lovely Delphinium trelease print for your flower oriented friends — a special reminder of the Garden at holiday time. Take time to stop by the Garden Gate Shop and the Plant Shop for your special holiday shopping. Hours are 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily. Garden Gate Shop Plant Shop Discount Specials Members should have received a special mail- ing from the Plant Shop entitling them to a 20% dis- count on all purchases. Special holiday plant offer- ings include Christmas cacti, gardenias, amaryllis, paper white narcissus, camellias, azaleas, cyclamen and the usual fine assortment of other plants. Despite the November 10 fire at the Floral Dis- play House, the Plant Shop remains in operation and is open from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily. aN, i ee ee ae ae Garden Receives NEH Award The Garden has received an award of $2,500 from the National Endowment for the Humanities. What is especially significant is that this award comes through the NEH Youth Projects, an experi- mental effort to increase the opportunities for young people to engage in a variety of humanity learning experiences. The Garden was among 700 award applicants, of which only 120 were funded. The Garden application focused on creating greater intercultural awareness through an apprecia- tion and understanding of the Japanese culture. Specifically, the NEH-funded project will help chil- dren recognize the threads of communality that exist between and across cultures. One exciting aspect of this project is that the Garden program may serve as a pilot study for programs of activity for other Japanese gardens across the country. The potential for additional programs and fund- ing in this area provides an exciting challenge for the future. Missouri's Endangered Species The Garden has been collaborating with the Missouri Department of Conservation since last January on the compilation of a comprehensive list of sites where rare or endangered plants are grow- ing. There are nearly 400 plant species considered rare or endangered within the boundaries of Mis- souri, including nine which may be in danger of complete extinction. The study was directed by Richard H. Daley of the Garden staff. The list, based on herbarium specimens, will be used as the basis for a comprehensive inventory of current locations. Several hundred sites were pin-pointed in the study, and the data have been stored in a computer. The Garden and the Missouri Department of Conservation, which funded the herbarium study, held a one-day workshop in Jefferson City on Oc- tober 7 to discuss the study and the best use of the information. About 40 people, including both amateur and professional botanists, attended the invitation-only conference. John E. Wylie, head of the Conservation Department's new Natural History Section and known to Members from his lecture at the Garden last month, moderated the meeting. Dr. James Wilson, endangered species coordinator for the Conservation Department, explained state and federal programs aimed at protecting rare plants. Keith Evans and Beverly Roedner discussed the U.S. Forest Service’s research on rare plants on glades in southwestern Missouri. At the conclusion of the meeting. the consensus was that better information is needed about all plants, not only the rare ones, if wise decisions are to be made about our resources. The formation of a native plant society in Missouri might be the best mechanism for communication among amateur and professional botanists. Orchids At Home At Arboretum en coiael The orchid, exotic and beautiful, is usually thought of as a resident only of the tropics or, in our latitude, a greenhouse guest. It comes as a Surprise to many Missourians that there are 31 species of orchids found in the state, as listed in Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. Until this fall, only five species had been found at the Shaw Arboretum. But, several weeks ago, 18 wildflower enthusiasts were delighted to see a sixth species which had not been discovered there be- fore. This rare orchid, Spiranthes ovalis, was found by Karen Haller and identified by Betty Nellums, Nell Menke, and Art Christ, leaders of the popular Tues- day Wildflower Walks at the Arboretum, with the ex- pert help of Bill Summers. Spiranthes ovalis is reported in Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri as found in only three counties in the state. Spiranthes ovalis is similar in appear- ance to Spiranthes cernue, which has the common name “nodding ladies’ tresses” or “common ladies tresses” and is one of the most abundant orchids found in Missouri. Both species have an in- florescence consisting of many small white flowers ascending to the tip of a spike in two or more spirals. This spiral arrangement of the flowers is the origin of both the common and the genus name. Another orchid was found this fall by Nell Menke, and tentatively identified as Hexalectris spicata, crested coral root. This species also has not been previously reported at the Arboretum. Only the flower stalk with dried flowers and seed pods were found, since this species blooms in July and August. Identification of this species is more difficult because it is saprophytic and has no leaves. Positive identification must wait until the plant blooms next summer. Perhaps other species of orchids will be found as more people avail themselves of the opportunity to explore the Arboretum. — William Davit Shaw Arboretum Answerman Service A reminder to Members that the regular answerman service has been discontinued for the winter months. The volunteers who man the tele- phones will be in training during this time. Anyone interested in becoming an answerman should con- tact the education department. However, during this time, Paul Kohl will be available to answer horticultural questions. Mr. Kohl or a volunteer will be on call from 9 a.m. to noon daily, Monday through Friday. A Gift That Lasts All Year Finding a unique and especially thoughtful way to remember family and friends at holiday time is a difficult task. Too often, we end up settling on “the best of the pick,” rather than “just the right one.” We'd like to make a holiday gift suggestion that is personal and distinctive ... Membership in the Missouri Botanical Garden. Nowhere can you find another gift that gives beauty and enrichment all year long. You can give unlimited admission to the Garden, the monthly Bul- letin, discounts on plants and Garden Gate Shop items, lecture series and courses, trips — all the benefits of Membership that you already enjoy. One of the nicest holiday gifts you could give, gives back to you, for you are supporting an institu- tion you believe to be important to the community, the world. Avoid shopping in crowded stores, wrapping gifts, waiting till the last minute. Simply fill out the form below and mail to our Membership Office. We will include a gift certificate for a special plant for each person on your list. You can solve your gift problems and increase your support of the Garden (tax deductible, of course) all at the same time by giving a very special gift to the special people on your list. NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP CODE YOUR NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP CODE | am ordering _____ gift Membership(s) CJ Enclosed is my check for $ (Payable to Missouri Botanical Garden) CJ Please charge this to my Master Charge # Overseas Report: British Gardens Whitney and Jane Harris, along with their son, Eugene, have returned from a tour of gardens in England, Scotland and Wales. A report: The Harrises, after much research and study, selected gardens in England that would best exemplify the historic evolution of gardens in that country. Among those visited were: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Ox- fordshire; Bodnant, Taly-y-cafn, Gwynedd (Wales), famous for its rhododendrons, camellias and mag- nolias; Hever Castle, Hever, Kent, formal Italian gar- dens with sculpture and statuary; Nymans, Hand- cross, West Sussex, collector's garden of rare trees, shrubs and plants; Stourhead, Stourton, Wiltshire, elegant eighteenth century British landscapes; and Wisley Garden, Surrey, garden of Royal Horticultural Society. The gardens of Edinburgh followed in a fantas- tic progression. The first was the Royal Botanic Gar- den, Edinburgh, Lothian, in a parklike setting with a uniquely designed plant display house, herbarium and library. A sampling of other gardens seen: Edzell ° Castle, Edzell, Tayside, the oldest complete renais- sance garden in the British Isles; Inverewe, Poolewe, Highland, a collection of exotic plants, possibly the finest in the British Isles; Wallington, Cambo, Northumberland, containing an enchanting secret garden in the woods. This list barely scratches the surface of the ex- tensive list of gardens studied and viewed by the Harris family. The trip was carefully planned in ad- vance and proved very educational and rewarding. Calendar of Events Dec. 2- “The Ubiquitous Euphorbias” Jan. 1, 1979 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m. (except Christmas day) Desert House Dec. 16- Poinsettia Exhibit Jan. 6 10 a.m.-4:30 p.m. daily (except Christmas day) Climatron Dec. 3-29 International Christmas Trees Exhibit Regular Garden hours Garden Museum Jan. 16, 23, 30 Kitchen Botany: The Art of Using Plants 7:30-9:30 p.m. John S. Lehmann Bldg. (To register, call 772-7600, Education Dept.) Gardening in St. Louis OAR 8 IIIT The month of December brings outside garden- ing tasks to a close for the season, although a final raking and cleaning of the garden may be necessary. It is the time to continue making notes of garden successes, failures and ideas for next season. You are the expert about your own microclimate and your successes should give you clues to new choices for next spring. Check your local library or come to the Garden library to use the special Members’ section of new books and magazines. Winter evenings provide lei- sure time to do some planning for next year. December also is the month of gift giving. Re- member your gardening friends with garden books, gift certificates from nurseries or garden centers and holiday plants. Indoor Plants and Greenhouses Watch watering of house plants since days are Shorter and growth is slower. Do not feed at this time unless plants are actively flowering. Home greenhouses should be checked closely for temperature fluctuations. Warm sunny days can send the temperature soaring. Ventilation and fresh air will be beneficial for the plants. Reducing night temperatures will save on heating bills. Keep check- ing for insects. If red spider is a problem, control with Pentac. Garden Storage Areas Check to be certain that all sprays have been stored where the temperature is 50°-60°. Avoid freezing. Fertilizer which is in open bags will be bro- ken down by moisture so should be placed in airtight containers. Clean garden tools with soap and water, sharpen if necessary and rub with oil. Clean and service your lawnmower and sharpen blades, if necessary. Powdered insecticides can be stored in plastic bags and sealed against moisture. Clean all pots, adding a mild disinfectant to the wash water, so that they will be ready for use in the spring. Seed should be stored in an area where temperatures are around 45°. Store garden hoses after inspecting and draining. Freezing and thawing will cause hoses to split. Be certain to give holiday gift plants sufficient light. Take a few minutes to send away for seed and nursery catalogs. Christmas Tree Care Select your tree early and take time in the selec- tion. Check to be certain that the trunk is straight and that the tree is evenly branched! After purchasing your tree, cut off an inch or so from the butt end and place the tree in a bucket of water in a cool place. The tree will remain much 10 fresher if placed in a stand that will hold water. Keep Stand filled with water inside. Place tree away from heat ducts and the fireplace. Check lights to be cer- tain wires are not frayed. University of Missouri Extension recommends that additives to the water have no proven value. Keep your feeders filled for feathered friends and don't forget to supply water. Happy Holidays! — Barbara B. Pesch Trip Reminder Hawaii — February 7-20 Desert Tour — March 24-31 Scandinavian/Russian Cruise — June 12-26 For further information, please call the Members’ office, 772-7600, extension 25. STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP. MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION (ACT OF AUGUST 12, 1970 SECTION 3685, TITLE 39, UNITED STATES CODE.) 1. Title of Publication: MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2. Date of Filing: November 1, 1978 3. Frequency of issues: 12 issues per year — monthly 4. Location of known office of Publication: 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 5. Location of the Headquarters or General Business Offices of the Publishers: 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 6. Names and addresses of publisher and editor are: Publisher, Missouri Botanical Gar- den, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Editor, Barbara B. Pesch 7. Owner: Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 Known bondholders, mortgages, and other security holders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: None . The purpose, function and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for Federal income tax purposes has not changed during preceding 12 months. Authorized to mail at special rates (Section 132.122, PSM) 10. Extent and nature of circulation had